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TURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN,

FOR THE

SESSION 1865-66.

BY M. - GILL.

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PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

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SESSION 1865-6.

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, Fripay Evenine, NovEMBER 3, 1865.

RoyAt IrtsH AcADEMY Hotsz, DAWSON-STREET.

Tur Rev. S. Haveuton, M.D., F.T.C.D., F.R.8., President, in the
Chair. 3

Te Minutes of the preceding meeting, being those of the concluding
meeting of the last Session, were read and confirmed.

The Ballot then opened for the President, Vice-Presidents, Council,
and Officers for the ensuing year.

Mr. Archer, one of the Honorary Secretaries, then read the following
Report from the Council :—

«Your Council, in accordance with custom, begs to offer the fol-

lowing brief Report on the state and circumstances of the So-
' clety :-— .

‘‘ During the past Session eight Ordinary, one Associate, and five
Corresponding Members have been added to the list on the books at the
commencement of the last Session; whilst the losses have been six—
four Ordinary Members, one Associate, and one Corresponding. Thus
the numerical strength of the Society is greater only by four Ordinary
and four Corresponding Members than at this time last year.

‘* Botanical science has during the year met with a heavy loss in the
death of two of its most illustrious representatives; and this Society
has, at the same time, to lament two of its most distinguished Honorary
Members. Sir William J. Hooker and Professor Lindley have passed
to their rest, each in his way leaving a name imperishable in the annals
of science. It would be difficult to over-estimate the immense impor-
tance their lifelong labours have had in placing botany, as a science, on

VOL. V. B

2 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

its firm basis, their splendid results being known in every part of the
world where science is cultivated.

‘«« Among the losses we have sustained of ordinary members during
the past year, one was by death; we have much to lament that of the
Right Hon. John Wynne, of Hazlewood, Sligo. He was for many
years a zealous member of this Society, and was distinguished by the
ardour with which he was interested in all botanical pursuits, espe-
cially when directed to practical utility in the improvement of the coun-
try. The beautiful grounds around Hazlewood are instances of his taste
and judgment; and by the reclamation of swampy and unproductive
peaty wilds, they now exhibit belts of fine pines, and beautiful vistas,
where rhododendrons, azaleas, mahonias, kalmias, and the beautiful va-
rieties of brier extensively flourish. The woods around Lough Gill ex-
emplify his taste; while the once barren wilds of Glen Car have been
converted into fine plantations, showing the fine growth of the black
Austrian pine, the larch, Scotch fir, and elms and oaks, exposed to the
full force of the north-west gales. Those who have been at Hazlewood
must have admired the lofty and stately growth of the magnificent
silver firs in the demesne. The rockery at Hazlewood proves the mild
atmosphere of the west coast, where the West Indian Pterds longifolia,
as well as Tricomanes radicans, Adiantum capillus- Veneris, and Wood-
wardia radicans, unprotected, grow luxuriantly throughout the year.
Mr. Wynne was a Privy Councillor, Ireland, and was Under-Secretary
during the Viceroyalty of the Earl of Eglinton, in 1852. He was many
years Member for Sligo; and was associated with the Earl of Devon and
George Alexander Hamilton, Esq., on the Commission of Inquiry into
the Law and Practice of the Occupation of Land in Ireland. His death
was unexpectedly sudden, at the palace of the Bishop of Tuam, in the
month of July last, when on his route to enjoy the happiness of his fa-
vourite pursuits ; and where, in the exploration of the Dingle peninsula,
and the unfrequented mountain and lake districts of Kerry, he was to
have been joined by his friend, Mr. Andrews. Thus has passed away to
eternal happiness a truly good man.

‘“‘The papers read during the preceding Session have been sixteen in
number——ten zoological, and six botanical. °

‘The zoological papers were :—‘ On some Entozoa from some Ani-
mals in the Zoological Gardens,’ by Arthur Wynne Foot., M.B.; ‘ On
a Mode of Fissiparous Reproduction observed in Anthea cereus,’ by
Edward H. Bennett, M. D.; ‘ Further Observations on Entozoa from
the Zoological Gardens,’ by A. W. Foot, M. B.; ‘ Onthe Structure of
the Eye of the Seal,’ by Henry B. Wilson, F.R. C.8.; ‘Notes on Cottus
Grenlandicus,’ by W. Andrews, V.P., M.R.I.A.; ‘Notes on some of
the Birds inhabiting the Southern Ocean,’ by Captain F. W. Hutton,
F.G.8.; ‘ On the Morbus pediculosus,’ by A. W. Foot, M.B.; ‘ Notes
on Invertebrate Animals, collected at Malahide, county of Dublin,’ by
W. 4H. Baily, F.L.8., F.G.8.; ‘On Zehinorhynchus porrigens, from the
Intestines of a Whale, Balenoptera rostrata,’ by John Barker, M. D.,
F.R.C.8.1., M.R.LA., FLR.G.S.1.; ‘On the Anatomy of Ascaris
(Atractis) dactyluris’ (Rud.), by Alexander Macalister, L. K. Q. P. I.

“

REPORT OF COUNCIL. 3

The botanical papers were—‘ Botanical Notes in the Midland Coun.
ties, by F.J. Foot, M.A., F.R.G.S.1.; ‘On the Geological Relations
and Distribution of certain Ferns in the county of Donegal,’ by Wil-
lam Harte, Corresponding Member, F. R.G.S.I.; ‘ On the Value of
Characters in the Protophyta, more especially in Desmidiacez, by G. C.
Wallich, M.D., F. L.S.; ‘ Observations on the Genera Cylindrocystis
(Meneghini), Mesoteenium (Nag.), and Spirotenia (Bréb.) = Palmoglea,
Kitz, pro maxime parte, mainly induced by a paper by Dr. J. B.
Hicks, F.R.S., F.L.8.; ‘On the Lower Forms of Alge,’ in the
‘Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science,’ October, 1854, p. 258, by
William Archer; Report of ‘ The Progress made in 1865 towards the
Collection of the Irish Lichens’ (accompanying the presentation to the
Society of a further fasciculus of specimens) by Admiral T. Jones,
F.L.S., F.G.S.; ‘ On some Mosses new to Britain, and on Veotinea
umtacta (Reichenbach), by D. Moore, Ph. D., F.R.S., M. R. 1. A.

*‘ The Papers will appear in full in the forthcoming part of the
‘ Proceedings,’ which will form ‘Part IIL of Vol. IV.;’ and it is now
at press, and will speedily be ready.

«« While your Council feels justified in congratulating the Society
on the production of so many interesting communications, and on its
‘ Proceedings’ being the channel of their publication, it is still the
wish of your Council to see a greater number of original papers
from Irish naturalists finding their way to the Journal of this Society—
a Journal which, from its extensive and varied circulation, forms un-
questionably so excellent and efficient a vehicle for the publication of
the result of the labours of students in the large field of natural science
in Ireland. There is, doubtless, many a note neglected, many an ob-
servation forgotten, many a fact unrecorded, which even casual ob-
servers might be induced to jot down and communicate, helping to add
to the interest of our pages; whilst, should there be here and there a
student of any special branch of Natural History in our island who
keeps the result of his researches merely in his own note-book, should
these lines ever meet the eye of such, perhaps he might be induced to
adopt our ‘ Proceedings’ as the channel to convey to his brother-searchers
the results of his experience.

‘“The system of exchanges with kindred Societies at home and
abroad has been carried on as before during last year. The aggre-
gate amount of matter received during the last year does not equal the
preceding; but this is mainly accounted for by the fact that so many
of the Societies who then acquiesced in the proposal to open up such an
interchange inaugurated these mutual relations by generously furnish-
ing their publications from the commencement, whereas during the late
Session they had but the current volume or number to contribute.
These interesting publications are, of course, as heretofore, open to the
use of the members; and amongst their contents will be found many me-
moirs in very varied departments, and of exceeding value in different
branches of natural science.

4 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

‘¢ During the last Session the meetings of the Society have been held,
as before, at the Royal Irish Academy House, Dawson-street, and for
that kind accommodation your Council begs, in the name of the Society,
to tender its best thanks to the Council of the Academy.

‘¢The Museum still remains in your Treasurer’s kind and safe
custody. The donations have, however, been but few, and chiefly con-
fined to birds.

‘‘ The state of the funds of the Society will appear from the Trea-
surer’s Report. The reserve fund in the Treasurer’s hands last year
has been, by a resolution of the Society, and in accordance with the
rule on the subject, invested in the New Three per Cents.

‘‘ In returning into your hands the trust confided to it during the
past year, your Council would, ere it does so, congratulate the Society
on being in what must be regarded as a prosperous and vigorous condi-
tion, with a good balance in its favour, even after all liabilities are dis-
charged. This satisfactory financial condition is mainly due to the
Society having been for a few years free from the incubus of a heavy
rent, the principal item of expenditure being that for printing the
‘ Proceedings,’ a department which your Council thinks should be effi-
ciently carried on, in order that original scientific communications may
be attracted to this Society, and its scientific status thereby main-
tained. It is much to be regretted that the numerical strength and
consequent pecuniary ability of the Society do not admit of its assem-
bling in its own apartments; at least, a place sufficiently moderate for -
the limited resources of the Society has not been met with, nor does
your Council see that there is any immediate probability of its being
acquired.

‘‘In concluding this short Report, your Council would venture
briefly to put before the Members in general two important duties in-
cumbent on them: the first, is to work, whence will emanate the
scientific pabulwm without which the Society would pine; the second,
is to get new Members, whence will be augmented the pecuniary sup-
port without which the Society itself would worse than languish, and
the scientific element become attracted away to other quarters. Let
the Members, each in his vocation, and in his separate walk, carry
out these duties, one or both, as energetically and heartily as he
can, and the Natural History Society of Dublin must and will continue
to flourish.”’

The foregoing Report was unanimously adopted.

The Treasurer then submitted his Report, showing a balance in the
Society’s favour of £49 ls. 4d.; also £8 to be~added to the Reserve
Fund, already consisting of £83 13s. 4d., New Three per Cents.

The Ballot then closed, when the Scrutineers, Dr. Bennett and Mr.
Johnston, reported the following gentlemen elected to serve for the en-
suing year :—

nN

REPORT OF COUNCIL.

PrRESIDENT— David Moore, Ph. D., F. L.8., M.R. 1. A.

Vicr-PresipEnts— William Andrews, M.R.I.A., F.R.G.S.1.;
Robert Callwell, M.R.J.A., V.P.R.G.S.I.; Alexander Carte, M. D.,
Bet. Gao. L.,, F.L.S., M: RTA., F. R.G8.1.;'C. P. Croker, M. D.,
M.R.I.A., M. B.S. Edin.

Councir—H. M. Barton, F. R.G.8. 1.; Edward H. Bennett, M. D.,
M. C., F. BR. C.8. I.; George Dixon, F.R.G.8.1.; Richard L. Edgeworth,
M.B.; Arthur Wynne Foot, M. B., L.R.C.8.1, L.K.Q.C.P.; John
Good, F.R. G.S.1.; Rev. Samuel Haughton, M. D., F. T. C. D., F. R. S.,
M.R.LA., VP RG Sil; Archibald H. Jacob, M. D., E.RUC!
Maziere J ohnston ; J oseph Beete Jukes, Director G. Dalek
M.R.LA. ; John J. . Lalor; Wm. Maziere; Gilbert Sanders, M. R.
Fek..G.. 8.1.

Honorary TREASURER—R. P. Williams, M. R.J. A., F. R.G.

Honorary Director or Museum—Robert J. Montgomery.

Honorary SEcRETARTES—Robert M‘Donnell, M. D., F.R.C.S.1.,
F.R.S., M. R.I. A.; William Archer.

ee Hd cat

The following gentlemen were elected Ordinary Members of the
Society :—

Francis John Howard, Esq., Kenilworth-square, Rathgar; Alder-
man James W. Mackey, J.P., Clonsilla House, Clonsilla; Joseph H.
Woodworth, Esq., 17, Shaw-street.

The Rey. S. Haughton, M. D., ex-President, before vacating the
Chair, briefly expressed his thanks for the honour, as he felt it, which
had been done him by having been elected to the Chair, and for the
support which had been so kindly accorded to him during his year of
office. He took occasion to congratulate the Society on having made
choice for a President for the ensuing year of a gentleman so distin-
guished in botanical science as Dr. Moore, and in every way so deserv-
ing of the compliment ; and it should be his own aim, in the ranks of the
Council, as before, to further the interests of the Society in every way
he could, and to accord his best support to his successor in the office of
President.

Dr. Haughton then left the Chair, which was thereupon taken by
the newly elected President,

Dr. Davin Moorz, F.L.S., M. R. 1. A.

Mr. Andrews, V.P., then proposed a vote of thanks to the Rev.
Dr. Haughton, ex-President, for his attention to the interests of the
Society during his occupancy of the Chair, and for the tact and judg-
ment with which he had fulfilled the duties of his position. He also
congratulated the Society on its choice of the President for the coming
Session.

Dr. E. Perceval Wright, F. L.8., had great pleasure in seconding
the vote of thanks to Dr. Haughton ; expressing his gratification that

6 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

all those in the Metropolis interested in the pursuit of any of the
branches of the natural sciences should be found now united in one So-
ciety ; and he trusted that they would all co-operate, by bringing in
contributions in the shape of Papers, and new Members, to advance the
objects of the Society.

The vote of thanks to Dr. Haughton was carried by acclamation, for
which he briefly returned his best thanks.

The President then expressed himself as much flattered by having
been elected to the Chair, and said that his best endeavours should be
directed to further the interests of the Society. He pointed out that in
the department of Botanical Science, in which, like all those who
worked up any particular subject, he of course took a special interest,
there was a large field for the labours of many workers: for instance,
no Paper had appeared in the “ Proceedings” on Paleontological Bo-
tany, and Physiological Botany presented’ many questions of interest.
He then made an able defence of his favourite sclence—if, indeed,
such were needed—in its varied branches, as regards its application to
the elucidation of points connected with other sciences, and as regards
its own merits, in a scientific, economic, and esthetic point of view.
He took occasion to advert to the loss which science had sustained by
the recent death of Sir William Jackson Hooker, and, only within the
last few days, of Professor Lindley, both of whom had been Honorary
Members of this Society, descanting, at the same time, on the immense
advancement of botanical knowledge which had been made by their long-
continued labours. Again thanking the Society for the honour done
him, he adjourned the Society till the first Friday in December.

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1865.
Dr. Davip Moorz, F.L.8., M.R.1.A., President, in the Chair.

The Minutes of the preceding Meeting were read and confirmed.

Mr. R. P. Williams exhibited a specimen of the ‘‘ Night Heron”
(Nycticorax Garden), purchased by the Society. This specimen had
been shot on the 8th of November, at Bluebell, near Clondalkin, in
the neighbourhood of Dublin, whilst perching on the topmost branch of
a whitethorn tree, attention having been attracted to it by its peculiar
hoarse, croaking noise. This bird is a female, seemingly in adult
plumage. It is of exceedingly rare occurrence in Ireland. Its habits
are stated to be nocturnal and coy; but in this instance the bird per-
mitted approach to within a distance of fifteen yards, without exhibiting
signs of fear. The stomach, on examination, was found to contain remains
of shrimps, as well as larvee and water beetles. For the purpose of com-
parison, a male specimen of this species, belonging to Dr. Harvey, of
Cork, kindly lent for exhibition to the Society by that gentleman, was
also shown by Mr. Williams. This bird was shot near Cork, on the 13th
of October last.

WRIGHT—ON COLIAS EDUSA. 7

Mr. Montgomery expressed his opinion that the female bird belong-
ing to the Society was in the second year’s plumage. Only some
two or three had been taken in this country in the adult dress; he had
himself seen some five specimens only, all males, of the first year’s
plumage. ;

In reply to a remark from the President, as to the circumstance of
the seemingly comparative rarity of the females,

Mr. Montgomery said that this might possibly be a misconception,
owing to the great similarity in plumage of the young birds, with which
the females may have been confounded.

Mr. Williams recorded also, on the part of Mr. Sandford Palmer, the
occurrence of a young male of the night heron, shot at Castle Barnard,
on the 16th of November last, by Colonel White.

A vote of thanks was unanimously passed to Dr. Harvey for his
kindness in lending his specimen of this bird for exhibition.

E. Perceval Wright, M. D., F.L.S., &c., then offered the follow-
ing ‘‘ Notes on Colvas edusa.’’ He exhibited a series of specimens of
the Clouded Yellow Butterfly ( Colvas edusa). Two of these specimens
had been taken in the month of September last, by his friend, Mr.
Dunlop, on the Hill of Howth, thus adding the county of Dublin to the
list of Ivish habitats for this insect. He also mentioned that he had
seen many, and captured several, specimens of the same species in the
latter part of the same month at Newcastle, on the borders of the Bay of
Dundrum, county of Down; and that his friend, the Rev. J. Bristow, had
captured it in the neighbourhood of Belfast, thus giving a much more
northern range in Ireland to this species than any as yet recorded,
Although accounted rather a rare insect, yet it was to be found most
years in the southern counties, especially Cork and Kerry, and often in
great numbers; and the Treasurer of this Society had written a paper
in our Journal,* on its occurrence in the county of Wexford. In Mr.
KR. P. Williams’s paper there was, however, nothing original, as this
locality had been previously recorded. But in it the insect was de-
scribed as very much rarer than, as appeared to Dr. Wright, it
really is.

The geographical range of this insect 1s remarkable. In England it
is found pretty common in the south, but occurs as high north as York ;
and on the authority of his friend, Mr. E. Birchall, Dr. Wright men-
tioned that it is found in Scotland up to the latitude of Glasgow. Mr.
Stainton says, ‘‘ Towards the end of August, Colvas edusa, more beau-
tiful but less valued than its congener (C. hyale), appears frequenting
clover fields, and the sunny sloping banks of railways on the south ;”
and the following more or less midland localities are, amongst others,
given :—Burton-on-Trent, Darlington, the Lake District, and Man-

* ** Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Dublin,” vol. ii., p. 17 (1857).

8 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

chester. Two specimens, among those exhibited by Dr. Wright, were
taken some years since near Fureedpore, in India, by Mr. Dunlop, and
present no appreciable difference from those taken by the same gentle-
man a few weeks: ago at Howth; thus giving a striking proof of the
little difference that will sometimes exist between specimens of the same
species from very different parts of the world. It does not, however,
always happen, nor would it be reasonable to expect it, that such a dif-
ference in habitat leaves the insect itself unaffected thereby ; and hence
we find sometimes thatin specimens from different countries, the orange
colour becomes very much intensified, at times even reflecting a purple
hue, while again it becomes paler. But in all these varieties, which for the
sake of convenience have received specific names, we have virtually the
same Colvas edusa; and in all of them the under surface of the wings
remains with essentially the same marking. Looking at the distribu- |
tion of this species from this point of view, we find it on the American
Continent from below Baffin’s Bay to Patagonia. Two varieties are
described in Richardson’s ‘‘ Fauna Boreali-Americana ;’? and Charles
Darwin, while off the northern coast of Patagonia, writes thus,. in his
charming ‘‘ Naturalist’s Voyage :”—‘‘ One evening, when about ten
miles from the Bay of San Blas, vast numbers of butterflies, in bands
or flocks of countless myriads, extended as far as the eye could range.
Even by the aid of a telescope it was not possible to see a place free
from butterflies. The seamen cried out ‘ it was snowing butterflies ;’
and such, in fact, was the appearance. More species than one were
present, but the main part belonged to a species very similar to the
common English Colias edusa, Colias pyrrothea. It occurs from the
west of Kerry, in Europe, to the extreme east of Asia. Bremer, in his
catalogue of Lepidoptera of the Amoor Land, records C. edusa, var.
aurora, as being found there, while the var. chrysothema appears to be
confined to Hungary and Styria. If we consider C. myrmidonia as but
another variety, in which the fore wings have grown a little longer —
conforming, as it were, to an African type, then we find this variety of
edusa in Spain, on the coast of Barbary, and as far as the Cape of Good
Hope—C. electra (Linn.) being a local variety of C.myrmidonia (Ksp.). It
does not appear that this—thus almost cosmopolitan—species is found
in Australia or the South Pacific Islands.

Dr. Wright trusted he might be pardoned for thus taking up the
time of the meeting in placing three new Irish localities on record for
this butterfly, and for calling the attention of the members to the ever-
interesting problem of the distribution of animal life; but it was only
by thus studying the varied forms and varieties of a species that we
could ever arrive at a just estimation of what a species really was;
and such a study had this peculiar fascination about it—that it enabled
us to see the struggle for existence, acting with natural selection,
tending towards the creation of, to say the least, new forms of animal
life.

In conclusion, he might remark that this was a most remarkable
summer for all kinds of Lepidoptera. Vanessa atalanta and Cynthia

ARCHER—ON A NEW SPECIES OF BULBOCH ZTE, AGARDH. g

cardui abounded in such vast number, as, apparently about Dublin, to
supersede the common white cabbage butterflies. Karly in October
last, while standing on the bridge near Lord Bantry’s cottage, at Glen-
gariff, he had counted some thirty specimens of the latter, and some
twenty specimens of the former butterfly, all resting at the same moment
on the ivy which grows so luxuriantly over the battlement of the bridge ;
and a few days earlier he had seen in the demesne at Muckross Abbey the
Colias edusa sporting in numbers over the blackberry bushes. He
trusted the result of collections during the past season would increase
somewhat the catalogue of Irish Lepidoptera which Mr. E. Birchall
was preparing, in conjunction with Mr. Barrett, for the press; and he
hoped this catalogue, the extreme value of which no one could doubt,
would yet be secured for the Journal of this Society.

Mr. A. G. More, F.L.8., remarked, as regards the occurrence of
Colas edusa in the Isle of Wight, that it was met with in great profu-
sion in some seasons, and again, perhaps, exceedingly rarely, or not seen,
for half a dozen seasons. Some persons thought that it seemed to
make its appearance only once in seven years—others, once in three
years; but, when it did occur, it was, as mentioned by Dr. Wright,
abundant.

Mr. Williams had seen a specimen of this butterfly in the year 1858 so
near Dublin as at his place at Clontarf, but he did not succeed in cap-
turing it. The following is the extract from his note book :—‘ Mon-
day, 20th of September, 1858, at Glaslinn, Clontarf; saw a male
Colias edusa, but could not catch it for want of a net; weather here
very dry, very little water in rivers; heavy floods in county Kerry.”
He mentioned that some time ago he had been experimenting in the
rearing of caterpillars, particularly of moths ; and he had remarked that
the ground colour, though not the markings, seemed to be influenced
by the quality of the food supplied to them, but that he seldom suc-
ceeded in bringing his specimens in this respect up to the tints of
nature.

Afterwards was read the following paper :—

Description oF A New Spectres or Butsocuars, Acarpu. By WILLIAM
ARCHER.

Tue minute little plant which I venture to-night to bring forward
and describe belongs to Cidogoniex, a very interesting family of Chlo-
rophyllaceous Alge, as yet, however, containing but two genera, but
these rich in individual forms. They are, indeed, mainly but simple
filamentous plants—that is, composed of cells following one another in
a simple branched or unbranched linear series—and casually viewed,
perhaps, might be thought attractive only on account of their refresh-
ingly bright green colour. But yet these comparatively humble plants,
upon a more careful study, present complexities of structure and re-
VOL. V. c

10 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

markable combinations of conditions, not only in their vegetative parts,
but also in their reproductive organization, which render them exceed-
ingly interesting, and in many points of view highly instructive. That
they should reproduce themselves by zoospores—this phenonemon having
been now so long known and observed in so many Algse—may not be
surprising; but they are also amongst those of the humbler Algw, in
which, thanks mainly to Professor Pringsheim’s masterly researches,
a true reproductive process by the mutual co-operation of distinct
sperm-cells and germ-cells—a true fertilized spore-—was first known to
be formed.*

With the exception of the species of Cidogonium and Bulbocheete
described by Pringsheim and de Bary, I am not acquainted with those
of any other author which I can regard as of any value. Indeed, I
think it would be vastly better had these never before been described at —
all, and the more advisable course seems to be to ignore them. Possibly,
indeed, the plant I now bring forward may have been met with and de-
scribed before; but, inasmuch as the distinctions hitherto put forward in
(idogoniece are founded, not on the characters presented by the fructi-
fication, but simply on comparative dimensions of the vegetative parts,
it would be impossible to be certain. Therefore, in the present instance,
the only course seems to be to follow Pringsheim, and name the present
plant on the characters offered by the reproductive organization. The
fact 1s, that it is quite possible that the true species in the (ido-
goniese are by no means so numerous as are the pseudo-species re-
corded in books, on what seem to be, at least comparatively, unessen-
tial characters.

In the Family of the CAdogoniezx, besides the long-known asexual
mode of propagation by means of zoospores, which here are produced, in
the ordinary cells destined thereto, by the formation of the whole of the
contents into a single zoospore with an anterior wreath of cilia, there
also occur three types of sexual fructification—namely, a moneecious
and a dicecious type, as well asa third kind, partaking somewhat of
the nature of each, denominated by Pringsheim, ‘‘ gynandrosporous.”’

In the moneecious and dicecious groups the antheridia are formed
from one or several very short adjacent cells of the same or different fila-
ments from those bearing the oogonia (as the case may be); the contents
of each of these cells, with a single exception, do not at once give rise
to antherozoids (spermatozoids), but the cell becomes divided by a very
delicate transverse, or, in one instance, ‘vertical, septum, into two
daughter-cells, each of which latter becomes the special-mother-cell of
a single antherozoid, in form like a minute zoospore. This escapes
generally by the circumscissile dehiscence of the antheridial cell,
though Vaupell describes a species (Gdog. setegerum), in which it
escapes by a lateral aperture.

* “ Jahrbicher fiir wissenschaftliche Botanik,” Bd. I., p. 1, ‘‘ Morphologie der Gido-
fonien.”
¢ ‘‘ Jagttagelser over Befrugtningen hos en art af Slegten Gidogonium.”

ARCHER—ON A NEW SPECIES OF BULBOCH ZTE, AGARDH. 1]

In the gynandrosporous forms, on the other hand, on the female
plants there are formed certain short cells. (usually not so short, how-
ever, as the antheridial cells of the moncecious and dicecious species ;
that is, they are nearly quadrate in outline), either one alone or several
in a series; from the whole contents of each of these cells (without any
septum being produced), there is formed’a single zoospore, smaller,
indeed, than the ordinary zoospores, but otherwise quite ike them in
structure. Each of these, too, escapes by the dehiscence of the parent
cell, and shortly settles down upon some part of the female plant, defi-
nite for the species, and there germinates, giving rise to a little structure,
either unicellular or with a transverse septum (an ‘‘inner’’ antheridium,
Pringsheim), or by vegetative growth this produces a little dwarf fila-
ment, with a basal or ‘“ foot-cell,’”? and several antheridial cells, like
those of the ordinary male filaments, only far more minute (an ‘‘ outer’
antheridium, Pringsheim), and their contents in both kinds produce each
an antherozoid. This motile body, which I have momentarily called a
zoospore, Pringsheim denominates an ‘‘ androspore,”’ because it does not
produce a young ordinary filament, but a minute dwarf male plant.

In all the modes of fructification the female element consists of an
‘“‘oogonium,” formed from an enlarged or expanded ordinary vegetative
cell, dedicated thereto, and, according to the particular case, present-
ing a variety of details as to form, position, and origin. The access of
the antherozoid to the germ-cell, or primordial cell within (Befrucht-
ungskugel, Pringsheim), is permitted either by means of a minute la-
teral aperture, frequently bounded by a lip-like margin, or by a circum-
scissile slit; the mature germ-cell becomes an “‘oospore.”’ It would be un-
necessary here to enter more closely into a detail of the precise particulars
of the fructification, or ofthe interesting plan ofvegetative growth proper
to these pretty and most interesting plants. Such would almost-involve
a translation in full of Pringsheim’s splendid memoir; but, if the brief
particulars here given should enable the meeting the more readily to un-
derstand the description of the following new species of Bulbochete,
they will have served their purpose. Yet the remarks of Pringsheim
bearing on the relation of the gynandrosporous to the ordinary mone-
cious and dicecious plan of fructification seem to me to be so instruc-
tive, that I venture to add here a translation of the tollowing few lines,
adhering as closely as possible to his own words :*—

“« If we look more closely into the value of these dwarf forms, and
try to define the mode of distribution of the sexes which is expressed in
those species in which these dwarf forms occur, we might be inclined
to regard the mother-cells of the androspores—which occur in the
female plants, and which, as we have seen, are not distinguishable from
the true antheridium-cells of the moncecious and dicecious species—as a
male sexual apparatus ; and, accordingly, we might look upon the plants,
which produce the oogonia as well as the mother-cells of the andro-

* “Morphologie der Gidogonien,” in ‘‘ Jahrbucher ftir wissensch. Botanik,” Band I.,
p. 42.

12 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

spores, as monoecious species, whose male sexual organs reach their full’
completion only after separation from the mother plants, just as indeed
the pollen-tube likewise represents a sexual organ, developing itself
outside its place of formation; and, regarded from this point of view,
these dwarf forms would only possess the value of sexual organs. On
the other hand, starting from the more developed forms, which possess,
in their foot-cell, a true vegetative cell, we might with as good reason
interpret these dwarf forms as independent male plants, for which
also the nature of the androspore, which is indeed a true, though it be a
smaller zoospore, seems to speak. According to this, the species belong-
ing here would form a division of the dicecious group, in which the
males would be regularly smaller than the females; and we might distin-
guish between a dicecious type with a similarly formed male and female
plant and a dicecious type with a dwarf male. Manifestly, however,
there is expressed in this equivocal behaviour a condition fluctuating
between the moncecious and dicecious type, which presents itself to us
as a middle stage and a connecting link between these two usual sexual
conditions; and this the more distinctly, if we once more review the
entire series of these dwarf forms, and compare them with the deve-
lopment of the male sexual organs’ of the purely moneecious and dice-
cious species.

‘In the first place, as already remarked, the antheridium-cells in
which special mother-cells and antherozoids directly originate, appear
not at all distinct in structure and development from the smaller
mother-cells of the androspores, which occur in the species which pos-
sess the dwarf male plants. Also the androspores themselves, in struc-
ture and size, form an unmistakeable, extremely noteworthy middle
stage between zoospores and antherozoids, as indeed generally in this
Family the antherozoids and zoospores are morphologically distin-
guished in only unessential peculiarities, in spite of their value physiolo-
gically so distinct.

‘‘ Further, from the moneecious species there is an almost impercepti-
ble transition to those species with dwarf males, whose androspores
develope antherozoids directly in their interior. From these most sim-
ple dwarf forms an uninterrupted series leads to the more developed,
with imperfect and perfect foot-cell, distinct from the antheridium,
which finally in its developed form may be rightly regarded as a'com--
plete though minute male plant, directly approximating to the purely
dicecious species, in which, indeed, likewise in some species the males
are more slender than the females.

‘Hence my previously expressed view, that those species with dwarf
males represent a condition of the sexes which holds a middle place
between the moneecious and dicecious type, appears to me fully justified.

‘‘ Now, the essential character of this hitherto not distinguished con-
dition, which includes all subordinate cases, resides, however, in the cir-
cumstance that the male plant, in certain cases reduced to a simple male
organ, proceeds here ordinarily from the development of a propagative
eell, which is generated in the female plant in an asexual manner.

ARCHER—ON A NEW SPECIES OF BULBOCHMTE, AGARDH. 13

This condition may provisionally be indicated briefly as ‘ gynandro-
sporous,’ by which is intended to be expressed that the spores or asex-
ually-developed propagative cells, from which the males originate, ordi-
narily occur upon the female plants.”’

The author then goes on, as touching this subject, to indicate cer-
tain other possible cases in other families where a gynandrosporous
plan of fructification may prevail, into which it would be here unne-
cessary, however interesting, to enter any further.

But, if the foregoing extract should be thought to convey the idea,
_because Pringsheim speaks of the androspores forming in structure and
size a middle stage between zoospores and antherozoids, and because he
mentions an almost imperceptible transition in the conditions from the
monececious species to those with dwarf males, that he therefore holds that
there is no fixity or permanence to be observed in the individual spe-
cies themselves, I fear it would be doing an injustice to the views on
that point which he actually expresses. He rightly, indeed, throws
overboard the distinctions drawn from length and breadth of cells, and
such like, as of only subordinate value; but, on the other hand, he holds,
as I think most justly, that the characters and conditions presented by
the fructification, its form and plan, combined with the minor special-
ties previously used as distinguishing characters, afford data abundantly
sufficient and constant to distinguish the species, Let me venture to
add a line or two more from the same memoir:*—

‘<That these characteristics represent essential peculiarities of the spe-
cies is spoken for by their unchangeableness, of which an observation,
continued for many years, of the forms recurring every summer in the
same localities under similar appearances, has satisfied me; likewise the
maintenance of these specialties of form in the culture of the plants ina
room affords a sufficient proof for their constancy under altered conditions
of life. It is indifferent, however, how we may think as regards species
and their constancy—so much is certain that the same forms are always
again to be found, and that they can be recognised and distinguished
with the greatest certainty from the characters indicated by me as
essential.”’

There is no doubt, so far as I can see, indeed, but that the conditions
of the fructification, whether monececious, dicecious, or gynandrospo-
rous—(the latter type prevails throughout in the genus Bulbochete)—
the form of the oospores and the oogonia, and the mode whereby the
latter open, the number and place of the antheridia, the position of the
mother-cells of androspores in the gynandrosporous species, as well
as the position and structure and relative dimensions of the dwarf males,
as also the characters of form and size deducible from the vegetative
parts, with general dimensions and habit—all these combined, and taken
with their special modifications, form a series of characters, which, ac-
cording to the mode in which they are relatively presented, afford data
by which we can always and at once know the same thing by its tout

* Loc. cit., p. Go.

14 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

ensemble. Just asin every group of related species there appear, no
doubt, anumber of forms more or less intimately related to one another;
but these, the more they are studied and their characteristics noted, the
more forcibly do the idiosynocrasies and the individuality of each seem
to force themselves upon our attention.

In at least two places in Professor Pringsheim’s memoir alluded to,
he promises to give to the world a detailed description of all the species
in this family known to him. It is greatly to be wished that he should
redeem that promise. But at least he seems to have indicated the plan
which an observer, desirous to work out this group, should follow,
which, if indeed it be seemingly here the only correct one, has the dis-
advantage that the distinctions are necessarily founded on data compa-
ratively so recondite, that an observer must trust to good fortune in
obtaining the specimens in that happy condition in which the characters
of the frucfification are fully displayed.

Famity, CEDoGONIER.

Genus, Bulbochete (Agardh).
Bulbochete Pringsheimiana (sp. nov.).

[Plate II.]

Specific Characters.—Oospore elliptic; dwarf male plants seated
upon the oogonium, which they equal in length; oogonium bearing im-
mediately above it the mother-cells of the androspores.

General Description.-—-Oospore elliptic, orange-brown when ma-
ture; dwarf male plants elongate, with ‘‘foot”’ and ‘“‘ outer,” many-celled
antheridium, seated upon the oogonium (very rarely beneath it), erect,
about as long as. the oogonium; septum very high up in the cell sup-
porting the oogonium, sometimes so close thereto as almost to appear as
if absent; oogonium bearing immediately above it the mother-cells of
androspores, aperture (micropyle) of the oogonium very close to its
upper end; plant rather slender, cells averaging between twice and
thrice as long as the broadest diameter; growth unilateral.

Affinities and Differences.—It will be noticed that this plant falls
under the subdivision of the genus with elliptic oospores, all which are
characterized by Pringsheim as having the dwarf male plants, which
are here throughout of the structure called by him “ outer’’ and with a .
“‘ foot,’’ seated always near to, but never on, theoogonium. Now, the '
present plant seems to be sufficiently characterized by having mostly a
single dwarf male plant seated on the oogonium, upon which it stands
vertically ; sometimes there are two upon one oogonium. ‘Thus this
plant presents in this respect a striking, and indeed as yet the only
known, exception to the character as laid down by Pringsheim, and this
circumstance alone would seem to mark it out as distinct. It agrees,
indeed, with the other elliptic-spored species in the dwarf male plants
having a ‘‘foot’”’ and “outer” antheridium. But it differs from them by
the circumstance of the oogonia being immediately surmounted by the
mother-cells of androspores, all the other elliptic-spored species de-
scribed bearing above the oogonia either ordinary vegetative cells or

ARCHER—ON A NEW SPECIES OF BULBOCHZAETE, AGARDH. 15

simply a bristle. Further, no species appears to possess the septum
dividing the cell supporting the oogonium so high up therein as is the
case in the present plant. Indeed, when seemingly absent, I should
be inclined to think that this is due to its being so close up under the
oogonium as to be obscured byit, and thus to be made appear as if absent,
the interval between it and the septum dividing off the oogonium itself
being reduced almost to a minimum.

Should this description of a form, probably already well known to
Professor Pringsheim, though seemingly not described as yet by that
distinguished observer (and should he approve of same), ever meet his
eye, I trust that, in token of the great gratification I have enjoyed
from several of his beautiful researches and his masterly writings, he
may not quite disdain the compliment which so humble an individual
as myself, in this far-off western island, would desire to convey to him
in venturing to call this plant Bulbochete Pringsheimiana.

Dr. E. Perceval Wright said he had listened with great pleasure to
the very interesting paper just read. Mr. Archer’s papers had a special
recommendation, as, in addition to their value to the department of
descriptive botany on which they treated, they were likewise of im-
portance to the embryologist. He had been much struck by the descrip-
tion of the cell development in Bulbocheete, which differed in several
respects from that described by Karsten in Gidogonium. But the most
remarkable phenomenon by far referred to was the development and
growth of Pringsheim’s ‘‘ androspore.”’ In this he could recognise
nothing but a highly specialized bud or phytoid form. Physiologically
it had nothing in common with a spore; andthe name chosen was, he
thought, an unhappy one, as it did not draw distinction enough between ~
a spore, the product of a true sperm-cell, and a bud, which, however
muchit might at first sight resemble a spore, was destined to develope it-
self into a receptacle of antherozoids. The comparative physiologist could
not fail to be struck with the similarity of this form of development
with what is met with in some of the Hydrozoa. In both a highly
differentiated portion of the organism separates as a motile bud—in the
one a phytoid, in the other a zooid form; in both their destined func-
tion being to mingle their matured contents with the products of the
germ-cells of the same species. Dr. Wright regretted that the ques-
tions involved in this paper should have come before so diminished a
meeting, as in many respects the considerations brought forward
therein were most important, and he regarded the paper as particularly
interesting.

The President agreed with the latter portion of Dr. Wright’s remarks,
and would be glad if comparisons between the growth and development
of the two kingdoms of nature were more often made.

The Rev. Benjamin Dickson, D. D., F. T. C. D., M. R.I. A., Kildare-
place, was elected an Ordinary Member of the Society.

The Society then adjourned to the first Friday in January.

16 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

FRIDAY, JANUARY 5, 1866.

Davip Moozz, Pu. D., F.L.8., M.R. I. A., President,
in the Chair.

The Minutes of the preceding Meeting having been read and signed,
the following paper was then read :—

On THE OccURRENCE OF HYMENOPHYLLUM WILSONI IN THE NEIGHBOUR-
HOOD OF BoyLE; wit Noticre or NEw STATIONS FOR SOME OF OUR
RARER PLANTS IN THE SURROUNDING District. By F. J. Foor, M. A.,
£RYG. 8.1.

At a former meeting of the Society I recorded the occurrence of Hymen-
ophyllum Tunbridgense on some conglomerate rocks near Longford.
Since then I have searched several apparently likely localities on similar
rocks, to the N. and N. W. of that station, but without success.

I have lately, however, had the good fortune to find Hymenophyllum
Wilsont growing, in tolerable abundance, about eight miles west, or
west by south, of Boyle. ,

Here, to the west of that large and dreary sheet of water called Lough
Gara, the country consists of rocky, much glaciated hills, formed of
coarse and fine conglomerates, their highest point attaining to a height
of 646 feet above the sea level.

They are, indeed, a part of the range of hills which have been dig-
nified with the name of the Curlew Mountains, and which stretch away
from here north of the town of Boyle, the highest point being 863 feet
above the sea level.

About one mile and a half west of Lough Gara, county of Shgo, and
the same distance south-west of the ancient Castle of Moygara—one
of the strongholds of the M‘Dermots,—I came across a rather steep
escarpment of beds of coarse and fine Red Sandstones and conglomerates
facing the north. It looked a promising spot for Hymenophyllun, and,
after a short but close search, I discovered H. Wilsont growing in the
shady nooks of the rock, facing due north. As I proceeded, I found that
it grew in tolerable abundance.

It seemed, as far as I could see, to be all the same species—H. W2l-
soni—as determined by the fruit, though many of the fronds, growing
in the more shady spots, were undistinguishable from those of H. Zun-
bridgense.

This station is the apex of a nearly isosceles low-pitched triangle, of
which a line drawn from the luxuriant Lough Mask station for H.
Tunbridgense to the scanty Longford one is the base.

Hf. Tunbridgense also grows abundantly on the southern shores of
Lough Gill, near Sligo; as also, I believe, does H. Wilsont ; so I think
this new station is interesting, as filling up a gap in the distribution of
the genus.

It may now be described as growing pretty freely over Ireland in
most suitable places.

FOOT (F. J.)—-BOTANICAL NOTES. 17

I take this opportunity of recording the occurrence of the follow-
ing plants in the district around Boyle :—

Ranunculus lingua (Great Spearwort)—Grows very plentifully, in
marshy ground, on the shores of Lough Key, near Boyle, along with
Sagittaria sagittifolia and other aquatics.

This beautiful and extensive sheet of water, navigable to within a
mile of the town of Boyle, and communicating with the Shannon by
means of the Boyle River, which joins the former near Carrick, is rapidly
becoming choked up with that baneful Canadian plant, Anacharis alsi-
nastrum (Hlodea Canadensis).

- Cicuta virosa (Cowbane, or Water Hemlock)—Plentiful round the
margin of a small lake, called Gortinty Lough, in the county of Leitrim,
at the east side of the Shannon, one mile and a half south-east of the
village of Drumsna.

Draba incana—Grows in great abundance on Kesh Corran, county
of Sligo, on cliffs facing the north. Kesh Corran is a steep and rocky
hill of limestone, about eight miles north-west of Boyle, having a height
of 1183 feet above the sea level. It is not unlike Ingleborough Hill
in Yorkshire, the well-known station of many rare plants. The Kesh
Corran range of hills, with their precipitous cliffs and terraces, extend-
ing from Lough Arrow to within three miles of the village of Ballymote,
strongly resembles parts of the Burren. Benbulben, the well-known
station of Draba incana, is twenty miles or more north of Kesh Corran,
and the Ox Mountains intervene. Draba incana also grows in great
luxuriance on the southern shores of Lough Mask, upwards of fifty
miles south-west of Kesh Corran.

- Arabis hirsuta and Saxifraga hypnoides are also abundant on Kesh
orran.

Asplemum viride (Green Spleenwort), so plentiful on the Benbul-
ben ‘eels grows also sparingly on Kesh Corran, on cliffs facing the
north.

Lastrea oreopteris.—This fern is so very local in its distribution in
Ireland, that any new station is worth recording. I found it growing
sparingly on conglomerate rocks, in a ravine on the east flank of Slieve-
bawn Hill, county of Roscommon, two or three miles south-east of
Strokestown ; also very sparingly, on Silurian shales, on the west flank,
and further north, near Gayfield. )

Lycopodium clavatum—Abundant on the Curlew Mountains, north
of Boyle, on trappean breccias, which are here interstratified with Red

Sandstones. The Lycopodium seems to be completely confined to the
breccia.

At the conclusion of Mr. Foot’s paper—

Mr. Andrews said that, from the notice given with regard to
Hymenophyllum Wilsont, its occurrence and distribution, he had antici-
pated that some remarks would be made as to its habit and growth; and

therefore he had much pleasure in submitting to the President, whose
VOL. V. D

18 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

botanical knowledge and zeal were well known, some interesting facts
with regard to the right of maintaining the specific appellation of that
form of those beautiful little ferns. Some years since, when doubts
had arisen as to the specific distinction of the Killarney fern— Zrichomanes
brevisetum—Mr. Andrews had communicated both with Sir William
Hooker, and with Bory St. Vincent, as to the close affinity of forms of
that fern that he had met in the county of Kerry with exotic species,
especially those of the Mauritius and of South America. Botanical de-
scriptions sometimes do not clearly define or decide important points of
specific characteristics, unless references can at the same time be made
to the Herbaria of the actual species described. With that view he (Mr.
Andrews) had been anxious to obtain through a friend at Paris, from Bory
St. Vincent, specimens of his Trichomanes longisetum and Hymenophyllum
untlaterale, both collected by him in the Island of Bourbon. Mr. Andrews
was therefore much pleased to be able to submit the original letter of that
zealous botanist, Bory St. Vincent and a specimen of Trichomanes longi-
setum. He had promised several otherrare species. Of Zymenophyilum uni-
laterale he mentioned that no European botanist possessed aspecimen, or
had ever seen the plant. Willdenow’s description 1s from the commu-
nication made to him by Bory St. Vincent; and he had also described
the plant and the indications of the locality in Bourbon to Ventanal,
and to the old Jacquine of the neighbourhood, who were then his cor-
respondents, with the hope that they will at last find it, as well as three
or four other rare species :—‘‘ Hymenophyllum unilaterale’’—Habitat in
insule Borbonize montibus mille orgyas supra mare elevatis, ad rupes
humidas.’’—Bory, in litt. Having so far shown the difficulties of clearly
understanding what really are the true characteristics of HZ. wnilaterale,
yet English botanists have lately, or but a few years since, deprived
H, Wilsoni of its rightful birthright, and pertinaciously adhere to the
naming that fern from the unknown plant of Bory St. Vincent and of
Willdenow. It is frequently difficult to convince English naturalists
of any rare or important discoveries announced by the naturalists of this
country; but to find them setting aside upon such slender foundations,
and when no authentic specimen of H. unilaterale has yet been seen,
the discrimination of so zealous and accomplished a scientific cryptoga-
mic botanist as W. Wilson, of Warrington, is indeed a deprivation of
merit.

Dr. E. Perceval Wright, F. L. 8., said he congratulated the meeting
on receiving such a paper as that of his friend Mr. Foot’s; for, though
there were no very rare or remarkable plants recorded in it, yet we
wanted the record of the habitats in Ireland of the commoner even
more than those of the very rare plants; and the authors of the projected,
and he believed soon to be published, ‘‘ Contributions to a Cybele Hiber-
nica’? would have had comparatively an easy task, if they had very
many such papers to consult as that just read. Mr. Andrews had re-
ferred at some length to the fern well knownas H. Wilsons. Dr. Wright
could not forget that, since he had last taken part in a discussion on

DISCUSSION ON HYMENOPHYLLUM. 19

this subject, one whose name was very dear to all botanists, Sir W. J.
Hooker, had passed away from this world; and also one whose name was
equally dear to many of the older members of this Society, Dr. J. R.
Kinahan, and that both of these had believed, with the President and
Mr. Andrews, that the fern in question was a good and distinct species,
not to be confounded with 1. Zunbridgense. On this point he would not
dwell further than to state, that he had since then seen no reason to
change his opinion on the subject ; and that Mr.G. Bentham, in the last
edition of his ‘‘ Manual of British Botany,” still places them as one
species. But he would wish to make some few observations on the sub-
ject of the name of Wilson, presuming for the moment that it was a
distinct species. Although he knew that it was not always possible to
avoid it, yet he thought it very wrong to give the names of places or
individuals as specific names. Sometimes it was almost impossible to
spell such names; as who could be expected to be up to the etymology
of such words as mahabuleshwarensis—the specific name of a Desmid ?
But, apart from this view of the question, it appeared to him that if ZZ.
Wilsont (Hooker) really turned out to be the same as H. unilaterale
(Bory St. Vincent), it was necessary that the prior name should stand ;
and that it was not right to state that, in retaining it, the English bota-
nists were ungenerously ‘‘depriving Mr. Wilson of any merit.’’ If
Mr. Wilson himself could determine one of his own species of mosses
to be the same as one that had previously been described by some other
botanists, he felt sure that, even if he had named it after his dearest
friend, he would at once sink his own specific name to the rank of a
synonym. If Mr. Andrews had forwarded an authentic specimen of H.
Wilsom to Bory St. Vincent, and then had the information returned to
him that it was distinct from H. unilaterale, in that case, of course, the
matter was at an end, and all the synonymic lists of this fern should be at
once altered; but he did not understand that this was the case, and Sir W.
J. Hooker, in his ‘‘ Species Filicum,” says that, according to a specimen
from Martius, the . unilaterale of Willdenow is H. Tunbridgense ; at
the same time that he states that, according to Willdenow’s description,
Hf. unilaterale is the same as H. Wilsoni—leaving it, therefore, not so
very improbable that Willdenow may have drawn up his description
from a genuine specimen of H. Wilsoni, and not simply copied that of
Bory St. Vincent. As to Mr. Andrews’s statement, that because there
were no specimens in existence the name could not stand, he only al-
luded to it, afraid that junior members of the Society might fancy this was
one of the rules of nomenclature, whereas in very many instances, in
some cases in whole orders, the original type specimen could not be pre-
served ; and yet here, as a matter of course, the descriptions held good
to determine them. Dr. Wright regarded this matter as one of some
little importance, so far as the synonymic list of one of these two plants
was concerned; but he, for one, would not be sorry if the final result
was to definitely affix the name given to one of them by the amiable
and revered Hooker, in memory of one who was himself a veteran bo-
tanist, and whom he held in such high respect as Mr. Wilson.

20 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

The President wished to express his sense of the value of Mr. Foot’s
brief communication, in a distributive point of view, and as affording
an additional link in the range of localities for the plant mentioned, of
which he could appreciate the importance from the difficulty he and his
colleague in the authorship of the forthcoming ‘“‘ Contributions to a Cy-
bele Hibernica ” had experienced in getting accurate information as to
the distribution of plants from different inland parts of the country—
a difficulty which, however, was much less as regards the seaboard
counties. He quite appreciated Mr. Andrews’s observations as to Mr.
Wilson’s being robbed of the credit justly due to him as regards the de-
bated claim of Hymenophyllum Wilsont to that name, as opposed to
Hf. unilaterale ; and also coincided with him that, until it was proved as
a fact that these names referred to one and the same plant, it would
be more correct, as well as more just, to retain H. Wilson as the name
for this pretty and seemingly very distinct little fern.

Mr. W. Anvrews, V. P., then read the following abstract of
Notzs on Irnisa Leprpoprera :— |

Mr. Andrews said that his remarks were chiefly with reference toa
few notes he had made at different periods of botanical rambles, and
not as regards any study he had made of the subject. ‘These he was
only induced to allude to from the pleasing observations made by Dr.
Perceval Wright on Colias edusa, and on the extent of its distribution.

At the same time, he was glad of the opportunity of presenting to
the meeting a specimen of the Death’s Head Moth, Acherontia Atropos,
taken the past season in an office in the city, and contributed through
the kindness of John Galloway, Esq., of Monkstown. This splendid
moth appears to have been very frequent during the past autumn. In
some years the perfect insect is scarce, although the caterpillar has been’
occasionally met.

It is gratifying to find that the subject of entomology is likely to
be taken up by the Society, for in Ireland there is still a wide field of
observation.

Many species that were considered rare, or but sparingly distri-
buted, are now found plentiful in several districts, such as the case
shown by Dr. Wright with regard to Colas edusa. That species, more
properly maritime im its range, has also been found inland, and, ac-
cording to favourable seasons, rather frequent. Atthe June meeting,
1856, Mr. Andrews had brought to notice the capture, in the neigh-
bourhood of Killarney, of Gonepteryx rhamni, and Thecla betule, and
specimens of Colias were to be met. On referring to the correspondence
of some old friends, dated so far back as 1840, he had found a commu-
cation from his friend, Dr. Alexander, of the Royal Navy, in which he
gives a list of the Lepidoptera in the neighbourhood of Cork. He
states Colvas edusa of occasional occurrence only—September. He also
mentions Theela betule and T. rub, near Bandon. In some seasons,
Cynthia cardut, and Vanessa Io, and V. Atalanta, abundant, other

ANDREWS— NOLES ON IRISH LEPIDOPTERA. 2]

years very rare. Thus he (Mr. Andrews) found Cynthia cardui at one
season in myriads at the Magherees, Kerry, and other years not to be
seen. Seasons affect many of our Lepidoptera, and cause their non-
appearance even in sheltered localities. Colonel the Hon. D. B.
De Moleyns, who has taken great interest in Natural History pursuits,
had informed Mr. Andrews that Colias edusa was taken both by him
and by Major Crosbie, at Ballyheigue, near Kerry Head, late in Septem-
ber last.. Colonel De Moleyns also saw in the same locality several
specimens of the Humming Bird Hawk Moth, and also a smaller insect,
of very similar habits and appearance, but evidently of a different spe-
cies. The Painted Lady (Cynthia cardur) was very common in Kerry
last season; and he sawit last year, 1000 feet above the sea, on Mount
Eagle. Early in October last he noticed the Brimstone Butterfly (Gonep-
teryx) in the county of Kilkenny.

Some years since, when botanizing in the county of Kerry, at the
south-eastern extremity of Castlemaine Harbour, and while collecting
Bartsia viscosa, where extensive marshes stretch towards Milltown, Mr.
Andrews noticed a swift-flying insect, which he had attempted to cap-
ture. From its size and brilliancy of colour, he was satisfied that it could
be no other but the large Copper Butterfly (Chrysophanus, or Lycena
dispar.) Having no net, and the drains being wide, it escaped.
Although at one time this insect was plentiful in the fenny districts of
England, yet drainage has so altered the features of the country, that
it had disappeared from those localities that were accessible to collec-
tors. There is no reason to suppose, where such favourable dis-
tricts present themselves as the south-western parts of this country,
that that insect, as well as others equally rare, may not be met.
Already many rare instances of zoology have been recorded from those
localities, and therefore the inference is strong that equally striking
facts of interest may yet be noticed.

It is now twenty years since, when rambling through the wood of
Tarbert Demesne, in Kerry, that Mr. Andrews had met with the speci-
men of Zimentis sibylla. Ina sheltered glade, bounded by oak and
hazel, the insect was captured. The day was sunny; but the wind,
being strong, prevented a high flight, which it several times attempted.
The different species of ‘‘ Fritillary,”’ with the ‘‘ Red Admiral,” and the
*¢ Peacock,”’ were in swarms. On mentioning this occurrence of Lime-
nitis to the late Dr. Ball, he said it had been noticed near Youghal,
near the locality where he had discovered Trichomanes. When soli-
tary cases are only brought forward, there are always doubts of further
captures. Mr. Edwin Burchall, whose entomological researches are well
known to us, wrote to him in March last :—‘‘ I was | he writes] at Kil-
larney for a week last August (1864), and had the pleasure of confirm-
ing observations of yours that had remained so long unconfirmed that
I had heard them doubted. Newman mentions in the ‘ Entomologist’
the occurrence of Gonepteryx rhammni in Ireiand as doubtful; but I saw
it at the foot of Mangerton, August 10, and sent a note to that effect.’
‘‘The Lepidopterous Fauna of Ireland,” Mr. Burchall says, ‘‘ only wants

22 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

working to be proved very nearly, if not quite as rich as that of England.
: The Hill of Howth [he continues | alone produces two species
of Lithosia, two of Diantheecia, two of Nepicula, and Hupecilia atri-
capitana, almost unknown on the English side of the Channel; and
even that little spot has only been hunted for a few summer days. I
wish I was back among you to continue the investigation. Without
resident collectors but little good can be done.’’ This study Mr. An-
drews had not time to give attention to, but wished merely to give these
few notes, to induce a thorough investigation by others.

Dr. E. Perceval Wright congratulated Mr. Andrews on adding to the
Fauna of Ireland two such remarkable insects as Limenitis sibylla, and
Chrysophanus dispar, though the unset specimen did not look like s¢bylla. ©
The latter insect was very rare, and was one which was eagerly desired
by all collectors. It was wanting in the collection of the Royal Dublin
Society, though the University collection was fortunate in possessing
two pairs of magnificent specimens. In former times it was taken plen-
tifully in the fen districts of England; but Dr. Wright did not remem-
ber that a specimen had been taken for the last fourteen or fifteen
years ; and though it was said to be but an English variety of C. Hup-
pothoe, a common Continental species, yet the variety was so distinct
that there was no mistaking it, so that an entomologist might be per-
fectly sure of possessing genuine English specimens of the insects. Dr.
Wright did not agree with Mr. Andrews that it was difficult to convince
English naturalists of the worth of the work done by Izish zoologists
and botanists.

Mr. J. Haughton wished to state that he had taken specimens of
Colias edusa, and of the Humming Bird Sphynx Moth, in the county of
Wexford, the latter so late as the 16th of December last.

Dr. E. Perceval Wright then moved, and Dr. J. Barker seconded,
the following alterations in Rule 7 and Rule 38, notice of which he
had given at last General Meeting :—

SECTION II.

Route 7.—That the form for the Election of Members of the Society
shall be as follows :—

‘‘ Notice shall be given to the Secretaries ten days before the stated
Monthly Meetings, of the name and residence of the person proposed,
with the names of the proposer and seconder ; and that said names shall
be printed on a separate balloting paper, and be forwarded to all the
Members along with the usual summonses convening the next ensuing
General Meeting.”

SECTION IV.

Rote 38.—The last clause to be thus altered :—

‘“« And the Secretary shall cause a copy of such Notice to be forwarded
to all Members along with the usual Notice of Meeting ;’’ which,
having been put from the Chair, were declared carried.

WARREN—ON THE OCCURRENCE OF RARE BIRDS. Yer

The Rev. William Hugh Ferrar, F. T.C.D., was declared elected
an Ordinary Member of the Society.

The Meeting then adjourned.

FEBRUARY 2, 1866.
D. Moorrt, Ph. D., F. L.8., President, in the Chair.

The Minutes of the preceding meeting were passed and signed.
The following paper was then read :—

OccastonaL Notes oN THE OccURRENCE OF Rare Birps on THE SuHorzEs
oF THE River Moy anv Kirzrara Bay. No. IV. By Roszrr
Warren, Jun., Corresponding Member.

Ir is with much pleasure that I again have the honour of bringing under
the notice of the Society the occurrence on our west coast of such rare
visitors as the Pomarine Skua (Lestris pomarinus) and Fulmar Petrel
(Procellaria glacialis).

The Pomarine Skua was observed to frequent the estuary of the
River Moy for some days about the middle of last October, and as usual
created the greatest commotion amongst the Gulls and Terns during its
stay on the river; and on one occasion, while I stood watching it in
chase of a Gull, it passed so very close to me that I had an excellent
opportunity for observing its plumage, which appeared to be that of the
adult, with the exception of wanting the long tail feather. This bird
was probably a straggler from one of the great flocks of the October mi-
gration, such as that (as recorded in the ‘‘ Proceedings” of the Society)
witnessed by me in October, 1862; and also in Tralee Bay, by Mr. J. C.
Neligan, in the same month.

The Fulmar I picked up dead on the Enniscrone sands on the 83rd of
November, and was probably driven into the bay by the heavy northerly
gales of the 1st of November. It was a very fine bird, and was nearly
in the full adult state of plumage, but still showed a few dusky-co-
loured feathers on the wing coverts. On picking it up I found that it
was utterly worthless as a specimen for preservation, in consequence
of its breast being eaten away by the Black-backed Gulls. This was the
more annoying as the Fulmar was quite fresh, and evidently came ashore
by that morning’s tide.

From all received accounts, the Fulmar appears to be of very rare
occurrence on the Irish coast; and Thompson, in his work on the Birds
of Ireland, mentions only three specimens as being obtained—two shot
on the Cork coast, and the third in Dublin Bay. Now, these three, to-
gether with those obtained by myself (and already noticed in the ‘ Pro-
ceedings” of the Society), comprise altogether only seven specimens of
the Fulmar obtained in Ireland. We thus have an account of the Fulmar
being obtained on the east, south, and west coasts ; but, strange to say,
notwithstanding that the north coast isso much more favourably situated

24 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

than the localities mentioned, we have no account of even a single bird
of the species being captured on it. This appears to me to be the more re-
markable, when one considers what an easy flight it would be for a
Fulmar from the’ great breeding haunt, St. Kilda, to the more southern
Scotch islands, and thence to the coasts of Antrim, Derry, and Donegal.
However, I have no doubt but that the Fulmar will yet be found to be
of frequent occurrence on the north coast during the autumn, or early
winter; and I would, therefore, wish to impress on the Society’s corre-
spondents the importance of keeping a sharp look out next October for
visitors to the northern coast.

Mr. A. G. More thought that the Fulmar would not be likely to be
taken in winter on the north coast, which is too much exposed
to the north winds, and that, according to experience, it would be
more likely to be driven past, and enter the bays on the west for rest.

A paper was then read, entitled—

Naturat History Notrs. By Grorez Henry Kinanay, F.R.G. 8.1L,
Corresponding Member.

Durine the last vear I have jotted down the following Notes, which
may be of interest to some of your Members :—

On the 8th of April I had occasion to explore a short trial level,
which was driven into the hill side at the junction of Danesfort and
Drimcong, about a mile N. W. of Moycullen, county of Galway. The
entrance into the level is in the hanging plantation by the road side;
and when coming out of it 1 examined carefully for Bats, and found two
male lesser Horse-shoe. They were hanging abouta yard apart, only a
short distance from the entrance; but the light was so faint, that they
could not be seen without the aid ofa lighted candle. Dr. Cleland,
Q. C.G., who was one of the party, took possession of them.

During this summer numerous pairs of the common Snipe (Scolopax
gallinago) bred in the hills and bogs in the neighbourhood of Ough-
terard.

A few pairs of Curlew (Numenius arquata) were also remarked,
and a good many pairs of the Golden Plover (Charadrius pluviahs).

The Green Plover (Vanellus cristatus) were very numerous, and
_ began to flock very early, as on the 26th of July a flock of between
one hundred and fifty and two hundred were remarked between Cong
and Headford. The young birds at that time were only about half
grown. ‘They seem to have been the birds that were bred in the hills
on the west of Lough Corrib, as after that date Green Plover were
very scarce in the hills, and seemed all to have gone to the lowlands.

On the islands in Lough Corrib the following birds were remarked
breeding :—Wild Duck (Anas boschas), in great quantities; ducks lo-
cally called Sheldrake (Zadorna vulpanser (?), rather numerous; Teal
(Querquedula crecea), a few pairs; Magpie Divers (Clangula chrysoph-
thalma); two pairs were seen as late as June; and may have bred on

KINAHAN—-NATURAL HISTORY NOTES. 2a

the islands; large Grey Seagulls, three or four pairs, were remarked ;
Black-headed Gulls (Larus ridibundus), two or three pairs. These
last named seem to breed freely in the small lakes scattered through
the county of Mayo, more especially in the neighbourhood of Ballae ;
for in the latter end of June and beginning of July numbers of broods
generally with four or five in each) were observed of an evening
hovering over the grass lands, picking up the slugs. Common Tern
(Sterna Hirundo), five or six pairs. The boatmen on the lake say that,
in some years they are in great numbers; that they come to the lake in
April, lay their eggs in May, and, with their young ones, leave in July,
and are not again seen till the following April. I myself saw a flock of
five so late as the 28th of July.

In Barratliva, about five miles north-west of Oughterard, I was
fortunate enough to stumble on a station for Polypodiwm Phegopteris.
Here it grows rather freely on the face of a low gneiss cliff that looks
to the north-east. |

In the same townland, about half a mile west of the station, Cys-
topteris fragilis grows very abundantly on the white foliated lime-
stones; and although it is so plentiful in this place yet I did not remark
it anywhere else in the neighbourhood, although the limestone occurs
in various places. It grows freely on the other side of Lough Corrib, in
the vicinity of Cong.

Near where the lesser Horse-shoe Bats were found (Danesfort Wood)
there is a good station for Hymenophylium Wilsoni; and at Leam, about
four miles west of Oughterard, H. Tunbridgense grows very freely. The
station for the H. Wilsont is on white granite, and has an eastern
aspect; that for the H. Tunbridgense is on gneiss, and has a northern
aspect. |

[Since the above was read, Hf. Wilsons and Tunbridgense have
been found in various places in Glanmore, especially in the wood. <A
large station for P. Phegopteris was also found in the same locality, due
south of Doon Wood ; and farther west, on the hill of Lissoughter, a good
station for Asplenium viride. G. H. K. |

Mr. A. G. More remarked, that it would be a singular and interest-
ing circumstance if the Sheldrake should be found to breed on a fresh-
water lake, as its nest is usually found on the sandhills of the sea coast
only, and the bird itself is very seldom seen on fresh water. It might
be conjectured that the bird observed by Mr. Kinahan was probably the
Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator, Linn.), which is in man
places called by the local name of ‘‘ Scale Duck,” or ‘ Shell Duck,”
and is known to breed on several of the Irish lakes. The Golden-eye
Duck (Clangula glaucion) breeds in hollow trees, and it is very doubtful
whether the nest has ever been found within the limits of Great Bri-
tain. Itisa bird that remains with us until late in spring; but, as
with many other species, the fact of its being observed in pairs pre-
vious to its migration is not sufficient proof of its breeding. It would
be desirable to know whether the large Grey Gull be the Herring Gull,

VOL. V. E

26 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

which usually, perhaps always, breeds on the coast, or the lesser Black-
backed Gull, which frequently breeds on fresh water.

Some discussion then ensued on the migration of birds, in the course
of which Mr. A. G. More said that the observations on this subject
have not yet been reduced to any system. As regards the direction of
the flight of birds, and the influence of climate and prevailing winds,
something may be done by registering the lines of simultaneous flight,
if a sufficient number of good observers can be found. As to the causes
which influence migration, there seems to be this difference between
the spring and the autumnal movement—that in the spring the impulse
comes from within, being simultaneous with the vernal change of plu-
mage, and is found to be comparatively more sudden and irresistible, so
that the birds appear to take a more direct road towards their summer
quarters; and, when detained captive during the spring, they have been
known to die from the ungratified desire to migrate. On the other
hand, in autumn the impulse comes from without, as the birds may be
said to retire under the pressure of external circumstances, and, as might
be expected, they seem to travel more slowly at this season than in
spring, being gradually driven out by the inclemency of the weather,
or a want of food, and this before the change to the winter plumage is
completed. This may serve to explain the fact that many birds are ob-
served to follow a different line of flight at the two seasons, if it be
supposed that in spring they take a more direct road towards their
breeding quarters, while in autumn they are found to linger by the way,
and often follow the course of valleys, rivers, or coasts. Another point
to be noticed is the greater regularity of arrival in spring, when most
birds keep pretty nearly to the same date, and are found on arrival
nearly fully attired in the summer plumage, whereas they return in
autumn with less punctuality, and often long before the winter plumage
is assumed.

Mr. R. P. Williams mentioned the fact that, although seeming to
thrive for a length of time, the Anas clangula will not outlive the
season in confinement. He had at first fed his birds with cockles, clams
(Mya arenaria), and mussels (Mytelis edulis), as being their natural
food; these were thrown into the water, and which the birds seized by
diving, returning to the surface to eat them; by-and-by they rejected
the shell-fish diet, and took to potatoes and cereals, and continued
healthy and active. When the time for migration, however, came
round, they, as well as the Smews (Mergus albella), suddenly died. This
would seem, possibly, to bear out Mr. More’s views on the question of
migration. ‘They died, seemingly, not from want of nutriment, being
in good health, but as if from an ungratified impulse. The only in-
stance Mr. Williams recollected to the contrary was a male Golden
Eye, in Sir Wm. Compton Domvile’s collection at Santry. This bird
was kept in a large wired enclosure with a variety of birds, which were
fed on beef hearts, chopped fine, on which were also fed different kinds

BENNETT—ON THE RINGED SNAKE. 27

of Plover, and in which enclosure there was only supplied water suf-
ficient for drinking. This Golden Eye lived for some years—indeed, he
believed, until the collection was broken up.

The following paper was next read : —

On tHe Possrzrtity or Naturarizine tue Rineep Snake (Troprpo-
NOTUS NATRIX) IN [ReELAND. By EK. H. Bennett, M. D.

Tue title of the paper which is printed in our list for this evening has
been suggested to me by the consideration of the facts which I am about
to lay before the Society.

Weare all well aware that Ireland does not countamong its Fauna any
species of the class Ophidian. There have been Snakes taken in Ireland ;
but these have all been traced to some known source of introduction,
except some few instances, which can be explained, I believe, either
by supposing that they have been introduced by timber vessels, or some
such means, or have simply escaped from confinement without the fact
of their escape having been made public. I am not aware of any evi-
dence having been brought forward of the actual breeding of Snakes
in Ireland hitherto, either in confinement or when introduced. It
is even suggested by some authorities that the climate and conditions
of Ireland are inimical to the class, and hence we find the question
discussed by the most accurate authors on the natural history of the Bri-
tish Islands.

The following extract from the ‘‘ Book of Glendaloch,”’ referred to
by Thompson, shows the popular belief in olden times on this subject :—
“‘ There live not, then, Toads nor Serpents in all Erin; and even though
they be brought from other places into it, they die immediately; and
this has been tested.”” We know that at present there are plenty of
Toads of one species—the Natterjack—living in Kerry; so that the
statement above quoted is not correct so far as it relates to Toads. We
do not know, I think, how the Natterjack reached Kerry originally ; but
the fact of its living and breeding in numbers is well known to all na-
turalists in Ireland. Thompson records the fact of there being a tradi-
tion amongst the people that the Toad was introduced by a vessel into
the coast of Dingle Bay, but there does not seem to be much proba-
bility of such an occurrence. The older authorities state that the imme-
diate death of Snakes, &c., is attributed to the prayers of St. Patrick—
an opinion defended by Dr. David Bothe, but rejected by Colgan and
Lanigan. The ‘‘ Book of Glendaloch” states that there are no veno-
mous beasts but the Mouse, Wolf, and Fox in Erin. Why the poor
Mouse should be included in this category Ido not know. Bell, in his
work on British Reptiles, takes, I think, a very correct view of the
question of the possibility of Snakes existing inIreland. After quoting
the instances which Thompson could collect of the introduction of
Snakes, he states as his conclusion from the facts that their absence is
accidental; and that the failure of attempts to introduce them is to be

28 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

attributed, not to climate or local circumstances, but to the prejudices of
the inhabitants—a conclusion which the case I have to bring forward
proves to be very true. Itis strange, that while our commonest Reptile,

the Frog, is generally believed to have been introduced so late as 1699
by a Fellow of Trinity College, Dr. Guithers, and the Natterjack by a
vessel putting into Dingle Bay, we find no evidence or tradition of the
introduction of either the Newt or Lizard, both of which are common in
some parts of Ireland. The Newt, like the N atterjack, seems to have a
very limited distribution in Ireland—not, so far as I know, occurring in
the southern counties, although it would seem most easy for it to spread
in a country so well watered as ours unfortunately is. The consideration
of these facts as to Reptiles and Batrachians shows that, however effectual
the prayers of St. Patrick may have been believed to be for other pur-
poses, they do not seem to have been completely effectual in expelling the
Reptilia from Ireland. They would almost make us doubt that the state-
ment of the introduction of the Frog, our commonest reptile, is correct.
The Newt and Lizard are unaccounted for by tradition or history. It
would seem more probable that the geographical distribution of these is
governed by a higher cause—namely, the geological history of Ireland,
than by either the prayers of St. Patrick or the accidental introduction
of them by naturalists.

Having taken up so much of the time of the Society in discussing
Reptiles in general on rather uncertain data, I must state the case which
I have undertaken to prove—namely, that the Ringed Snake of England
may be naturalized in Ireland.

In the summer of 1862 I did what Thompson states Mr. Cleland, of
the county of Down, did in 1831-—-that is, I bought some Snakes in Co-
vent-Garden Market, in London—not, indeed, with his object, that of
attempting to introduce them permanently into Ireland, but in order
that I might watch their habits for a time, and finally dissect them
whenever they should fall a victim to the prayers of St. Patrick. I
purchased three, andbroughtthem overtoDublin; and, asI was going for
some time to the county of Cork, took them with me there. I found one
of the three dead on opening the box on arriving at my destination. The
death of this one was perhaps caused by the fact that she was full of
ova ready to be laid, and was not in a condition to travel so far and so
roughly as she had done. The remaining two were quite lively, and I put
them into a fern-case in a greenhouse where I was staying, near Midle-
ton, in the county Cork. They were a source of much attraction to the
people about, as most of the inhabitants had never seen a Snake before ;
and, as the result of this curiosity, I was much afraid that they would
get away some day beyond the reach of dissection. I watched their
habits and mode of feeding, &c., for some time; but, as I feared,
one morning I found, on visiting the case, that some one had let them
out.

I heard nothing more of them at the time; but the following
summer, on going to the country again, I inquired about them, and
was told that a woman, when hanging clothes to dry on a hedge in the

BENNETI—ON THE RINGED SNAKE. 29

field adjoining the garden from which they had escaped, had seen a
monster like an eel in the grass, and had run away from it at once.
This made me search the place, but I got no trace of the Snake, and put
- but little faith in the story.

Again, the next summer, 1864, I was informed by letter that one
of my Snakes had been seen on a grass plot in the sun close to the house.
I should state that the demesne in which they had escaped is pecu-
harly circumstanced. Not much more than twenty acres in extent, it
has ample cover, being closely planted, and is enclosed by a high wall
on all sides, the salt water of a branch of Cork Harbour limiting it on
two sides, and public roads on the others. I questioned the man who
was stated to have seen the Snake on my going to the place some time
in the summer of 1864, and I had little doubt that he had actually seen
it, from his description of its colour, &c. The summer passed, however,
without any further account of the Snakes.

Last summer, in the end of June, I got a letter from my brother,
stating that the Snakes had been again seen, and that one had been
caught, and was safe alive in a bag, and that one old one and two young
had escaped at the time of their discovery. I at once wrote, in reply to
the question as to what I wished should be done with the Snake in cap-
tivity, telling him to let it go again where he got it. Ina few days I
heard that my relatives had held a council of war over the Snake; and
that, instead of letting it go, as was the first intention after the reccipt of
my letter, they killed it and put it in spirits, as a safer and more satis-
factory way of getting rid of it and obliging me. I need not say I was
greatly disappointed when I heard of this barbarous act; but I consoled
myself that I had good evidence of the fact of a Snake having at least
lived for three years at large in Ireland, and that I should have the
opportunity of showing the actual specimen to the Natural History So-
ciety.

I took care to get the history of the capture of this specimen from the
individual who first saw it last summer. While turning over some old
sticks, which lay near a hayrick that was being made, an intelligent
man started the Snakes: one large and two small Snakes escaped. A
line was formed around the sticks by the men at work, and the Snake
in this bottle was taken by pinning it down with a forked stick. The
man assured me that he had seen the three others escape, and stated that
the two small Snakes were about four inches long. I think there can be
no doubt that these were the offspring of the old pair.

I have thought the history of these Snakes worth bringing before the
Society, and will be happy to continue it if 1 am fortunate enough to
hear more of those that escaped.

This specimen is a female, and of full size—over three feet long, and
very fat; and would have given origin to a goodly family if she had
lived for another season, as her ovarium was enormously full of ova.

Dr. O’Donnavan, speaking as an archeologist rather than a natu-
ralist, considered the absence of venomous animals from Ireland was

30 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

proved by the direct evidence of both natives and strangers, as the
‘Book of Ballymote’’—‘‘ There are in Ireland no Snakes, Lions, or
Toads, no venomous beasts, except the Mouse, the Wolf, and the Fox.”’
Giraldus Cambrensis, in the 23rd and 24th chapters of his ‘Topography
of Ireland,” says—‘‘ In that country are wanting Serpents and Colubers,
Toads and Frogs, Tortoises and Scorpions, and Dragons. There are Spiders,
Leeches, and Lizards, but certainly innocuous.” He also quotes the pro-
verb, ‘‘The Frogsin Gaul are noisy and clamorous; in Britain they are
mute; in Ireland there are none.’? He mentions that ‘a Frog was found
in some grass land near Waterford, and excited great horror and loath-
ing in the mind of Donal, King of Ossory, a man prudent and faithful,
who took it as a type of the English;” and adds, that as none had
been seen before or since, and as there was in Ireland no frogspawn,
no one who saw it imagined it to have been produced in Ireland, but to
have been introduced by some accident.

There is no peculiarly Irish word for Snake, the words being Pvasta,
evidently the same as Bestze ; and Nathiair, which appears to be the same
as the Latin WVatriz, Anglo-Saxon Natter (English has dropped the V
in Adder, but retains it in WVatterjack), Welsh Neddyr; and is probably
from the root of natare, to swim. The Frog has to this day no name but
Frogga, plainly English; and the Rat in both Irish and Welsh is only
“* The French Mouse, or ‘‘ The Brg Mouse ;’’ the Toad’s Irish name, Lovs-
gean, appears to mean ‘ burnt-head;” the Welsh, Liyffant, for Frog,
Liyffant du, ‘‘ black frog,”’ for Toad, is supposed to be a version of the
Latin word lymphaticus, in English flabby.

Dr. E. Perceval Wright, F.L.8., said that he believed that in Dr.
Bennett’s paper there was the first authentic record of the Tropidonctus
natriz living through a second winter in Ireland; and he had little
doubt, from the evidence produced, that this Snake had also bred in the
country. The specimen in spirits which he laid on the table was one
from the University Museum, and had been taken at the River Suir,
near Clonmel. It had been one of several which had been set free in
the neighbourhood of Clonmel, but the majority had been killed or cap-
tured by the country people within a few weeks after they had been
brought to the country. As the pleasure-ground in which Dr. Bennett
had placed his specimens was thoroughly enclosed, there was, he
thought, every probability of their being again seen ; and, he hoped that,
if they increased, he might have for the College Museum a young spe-
cimen actually born in Ireland. Dr. Bennett had kindly given the
specimen exhibited this evening to the College Museum. It was in most
beautiful condition and colour, and a somewhat large specimen. It
should be at once placed with the other ringed Snakes. As was to have
been expected, St. Patrick’s attempts to free Ireland from all Reptiles
had been alluded to in the discussion that evening. He (Dr. Wright)
did not know if he was right in imagining that the Saint knew some-
thing of natural history; but if he did, and was able to distinguish
between true Reptiles and Amphibia, then, he thought, he had accom-

BARKER—NOTE ON OXYURIS AMBIGUA: 31

plished his work even better than was generally acknowledged; for,
save one poor harmless lizard, not a true Reptile was to be found in the
country, and he might perhaps also mention that none apparently ex-
isted in any geological formation in Ireland.

The President said, he was much interested by Dr. Bennett’s paper.
He had himself never experimented by introducing Snakes into this coun-
try ; but probably he had as many pet Toads as any other person ever had ;
and he had kept these, he must say beautiful, creatures in a tame con-
dition for some twelve months. They escaped into the Botanic Garden,
and never could be seen again, nor was there any clue as to what became
of them. He could hardly suppose it probable that the Natterjack was
accidentally introduced by ship to Kerry, as, though common in Lan-
eashire, the every-day communication nowadays with this country
had failed to import it, though Portmarnock Sands, near Dublin,
presented just the same kind of locality as on the other side of the
Channel.

The following gentlemen were elected Ordinary Members :—Fergus
Smith, Esq., 71, Lower Baggot-street; Richard Perrin, Hsq., Upper
Mount-street.

Pursuant to notice of motion, given at last meeting by the Rev. 8S.
Haughton, M. D., it was

Resolved—‘‘ That in future the night of meeting of the Natural
History Society of Dublin shall be the first Thursday of the month,
instead of the first Friday of the month.”

The meeting was then accordingly adjourned to the first Thursday
in March.

THURSDAY, MARCH 1, 1866.

Davip Moors, Ph. D., F.L.8., President, in the Chair.

The following donations to the Museum were announced by Mr.
R. P. Williams :—Green Sandpiper, from Mr. Robert Warren, Jun. ;
Black-tailed Godwit, in winter plumage, from Mr. J. Travers Madden ;
and a Laughing Gull, from Mr. William Mac Dougall, of Howth.

The thanks of the Society were voted to the respective donors.

Dr. John Barker exhibited specimens of Oxyurus ambigua, taken
from the alimentary canal of the Common Porcupine (/ystrix cristata).
Cestoid Worms have been found in this mammal by Redi, and recorded
by Rudolphi; but these are of an entirely different character, and infest
the tubercles in the ceesophagus. Dr. Spencer Cobbold has described Tenia
pectinata as occurring in the Hystrix dorsata ; but no nematoid worm has
(as far as Dr. Barker knew) been recorded as having been found in the

o2 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

Porcupine. Dr. Cobbold, to whom Dr. Barker sent specimens, was kind
enough to assist him in naming it. It is one well known to occur in the -
Hare and Rabbit; and, as the Porcupine had been procured from the
Zoological Gardens, it might be thought that the nematoid in question had
migrated from its proper host to a kindred animal. But this view is very
questionable, as in the record of the Tenia pectinata, already alluded to
as having occurred in the Canadian Porcupine (a wild animal), it is
stated that the common hosts of the entozoa are the Rabbit, Hare, and
Marmot. The Oxyuris ambigua were found in great abundance—Dr.
Barker was sure he counted sixty specimens—and, as usual in such cases,
the males were far fewer in number than the females, and were about
one-tenth their size.

Dr. EK. Perceval Wright, F. L.S., said, that having been entrusted
by Dr. Charles Henry Leet, of the 13th Light Infantry, with some bones
of that very rare and most interesting bird, the Dodo, he had asked and
obtained permission from Dr. Leet to exhibit these remains at a meeting
of this Society ; and he regretted that Dr. Leet’s health did not permit
him to be present at the meeting this evening, to give those details in
reference to their discovery which his local knowledge of the Mauritius
would have enabled him to have done. Though this bird was common
enough in the Mauritius in the earlier portion of the seventeenth cen-
tury—so common that they used to be served out by a quarter of a hun-
dred at a time as fresh food to the sailors of Admiral Van Neck and Ad-
miral Schuurman’s fleets—yet, as is well known, it has been for the
last two centuries extinct, and, with the exception of some beautiful
figures by Savary, and some rough woodcuts illustrating some of the jour-
nals of the Dutch voyagers, and a few specimens of the head and foot
preserved as sacred relics in one or two European museums, nought re-
mains beside verbal evidence to tell us that it everexisted; sospeedily, even
within comparatively recent times, may a species, unfitted for a change
in the struggle for its existence, disappear. From the head of the Dodo,
preserved in the Ashmolean Museum, Professor Owen seems to have con-
sidered it probable that it belonged to an extremely modified form of the
Raptores, and at another time he referred it to the Cursores. Rein-
hardt, however, from the examination of a mutilated cranium in the Got-
torf Museum, assigned this strange grotesque bird, of about fifty pounds
in weight, unable to fly, and with a skull greater than that of any exist-
ing bird of prey, to the family which contains the turtle doves and wood
pigeons. Strickland and Melville, in that most interesting work,
‘‘The Dodo and its Kindred,” confirm this opinion; and especially
Professor Melville, who, in his elaborate anatomical account of the
Oxford specimen—an account which is quite a model for such kind of
work, both for its conscientious accuracy and minute detail—finally
settles the resting place of this bird, as Reinhardt had done, among the
Columbide. Didus ineptus, or the Dodo, was apparently found in the
Mauritius, D. solitarius in Rodriguez. A. collection of bones, how-
ever, presented by Mr. Telfair to the Zoological Society of London in

WRIGHT——REMARKS ON DODO BONES. 33

1888, and which could not be found at the time of Professor Melville’s
work, were afterwards discovered and described, in 1851, by Mr. Bart-
lett, and made it pretty certain that in Rodriguez both the Dodus in-
eptus and D. solitarius, as well as the species called D. Nazarenus, were
tobe found. But few, if any, of the species of Dodo were brought to
Kurope since 18383, until 1864. One specimen, picked up in a dry cave
in Rodriguez, had a left humerus, a left metatarsal bone, and a right
femur of the D. Nazarenus, which were immediately forwarded to the
finder’s brother, Mr. (now Professor) A. Newton, of Cambridge. At
the meeting of the British Association last year a letter was read from
Mr. Edward Newton, recording the discovery of a large number of bones
in the same island. These belonged apparently to one species, but were of
two sizes, the difference being probably sexual, and made it probable that
D. Nazarenus and D. solitarius were but male and female of the same bird.
All these discoveries were made in Rodriguez, but the largest crop of true
Dodo bones was yet to be reaped in the Mauritius itself; and in the course
of last year Mr. Clarke, living at Mahebourg, found, in draining for agri-
cultural purposes, ina small lake, called the ‘‘ Mare aux Songes,”’ a large
number of the true Dodo bones, which have since arrived in London, and
which include almost every portion of the bird’s skeleton. As the most
perfect series has been placed in Professor Owen’s hands, we may very
soon expect an elaborate memoir thereof from this distinguished compa-
rative anatomist. The bones that Dr. Wright exhibited were from the same
lake in the Mauritius, and consist of the larger half of the pelvis, which
was very light, weighing only 14 0z., though the whole of the air cells
were filled with dry mud; of aright fernur, of two right tibie, anda
left metatarsus; and, through the kindness of his friend, Dr. Carte, he
was also enabled to exhibit more or less perfect specimens of three left
tibize and a small fragment of the left lower jaw. Dr. Wright briefly
compared the bones that were unknown to Dr. Melville with those of
one or two of the Ground Pigeons; and said that he had little doubt but
that Professor Owen would refer the Dodo to a family having certain
affinities with, but abundantly distinct from, that of the Columbide of
the order Columbe, like Apterygide among the Struthiones. The bones
now discovered proved, though it should be borne in mind that this had
been abundantly proved before, the accuracy of Professor Melville’s
judgment in this matter. The pelvis was unsymmetrical, the left side
being somewhat larger than the right, but this was probably owing to
unequal compression in the mud.

The Rey. Professor Haughton made some remarks on the interest
of Dr. Wright’s communication, and contrasted the pelvis of the Dodo,
with that of several species of cursorial and rasorial birds which he had
dissected.

Mr. J. J. Lalor moved, and Mr. R. J. Montgomery seconded, a vote of
thanks to Dr. Leet, for his kindness in intrusting the Dodo bones to Dr.
Wright for exhibition at this meeting of the Society.

VOL. V. F

34 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

The following were declared duly elected as Ordinary Members :—
The Rev. J. Grainger, A. M., and Walter Smith, Esq.

Pursuant to notice given at last General meeting by Dr. E. Perceval
Wright, it was

ResotveD,—That in Section II., Rule 9, the word ‘‘ three’’ be
substituted for the word ‘‘ seven,”’ in the second line.

The meeting was then adjourned to the 5th of April.

THURSDAY, APRIL 5, 1866.
Davip Moors, Ph. D., F.L.8., President, in the Chair.
A following paper was read :—

OBSERVATIONS ON CertTaIn MuscuLar PECULIARITIES IN some Monkeys.
By ALexanveR Macauister, M. D., L. R.C.8.1., F. R.G.S. 1, De-
monstrator of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland.

In the structural peculiarities of each class of animals we are able to
detect certain prominent distinctive features which individualize that
class, and which separate it from those groups which are most closely
allied to it; and of the sum of these we make up class, generic, and spe-
cific characters. All parts of the animal structure in some degree par-
ticipate in this generic and specific individuality; and so we come to
recognise various types of brain, bone, and viscera, as connected with
each other, and with certain groups of external forms. These remarks
will be found to be applicable, in a particular sense, with regard to
the muscular system of animals; and, although that branch of zoology
has been as yet comparatively unwrought in a systematic point of
view, yet we know enough of the subject to enable us to recognise
the leading types of muscular arrangement as characteristics of the dif-
ferent groups of which the animal kingdom is made up; all referrible,
as in the parallel case of the osseous system, to a definite hypothetical
radicle, or type animal. We are thus very familiar with those muscular
peculiarities which constitute the human type, such as the differentiated
flexors and opponentes of the thumbs, the single insertion of the ex-
tensor indicis, and the great development of erectores spine, glutaeus
externus (properly named, in man, maximus), and of the gastrocnemial
series of muscles. We are equally familiar with the arrangement which
exists in the ordinary Quadrumana, Carnivora, Rodentia, or Ruminantia.
Of each of these types there are several lesser modifications, or sub-types,
equally interesting, asin them we frequently find the links which con-
nect the larger groups of forms with each other.

In one of the above mentioned groups, the Quadrumanous or Simian,
there are some peculiarities which have not been particularly noticed
as yet, or which at least have escaped reference in the majority of the
books, and to a few of these sub-typical variations I would at present
wish to direct attention.

MACALISTER—ON THE MUSCLES IN CERTAIN MONKEYS. 365

The principal muscular characteristics of the Quadrumanous type,
which are recognised by comparative anatomists, are—The absence of a
distinct long flexor for the thumb; the elevation of the rhomboideus,
which is usually single, to the occiput; the presence of a trachelo-acromial
or omo-atlanticus muscle, which in some few individuals exists as a le-
vator clavicule; a rectus thoracicus; the prolongation of the insertion
of latissimus dorsi to the olecranon process, or the origin of a head of the
triceps from that tendon; or the existence of a separate dorso-epi-
trochlear muscle; the downward prolongation of scalenus posticus to
the third, fourth, and even fifth ribs; the absence of a coronoid head
for the pronator teres, or of a radial origin for the superficial flexor
digitorum manus; the union of the lower border of the levator anguli
scapulee with the upper edge of the serratus magnus; the extension of
the insertion of the indicator muscle to the middle finger as well as
to the index, likewise of the extensor minimi digiti to the ring as well as
to the fourth finger. Allof these may not coexist in every individual of
the order, but their presence, in whole or in part, indicates an approach
or relationship more or less close to the Quadrumanous type.

A few remarkable muscular arrangements, not included in the pre-
ceding list, have occurred in my dissection of monkeys of several species.
Firstly, in Cebus capucinus, two specimens of which I have examined,
the chief features of interest were found in the disposal of the pectoral
muscles; as, when the pectoralis major was reflected, three muscles were
brought into view beneath it—the first, or ordinary lesser pectoral,
whose attachments were normal; secondly, a slender chondro-humeral
muscular fasciculus, which ran from the cartilages of the seventh, eighth,
and ninth ribs, to be inserted into the outer lip of the bicipital groove,
quite separate from the pectoralis major, and inserted internal and su-
perior to that muscle. The third chondro-capsular portion, which lay still
deeper, arose from the cartilages of the eighth, ninth, and tenth ribs,
and, crossing behind the last-named portion, was inserted into the cap-
sular ligament of the shoulder joint, inferior to the insertion of the pec-
toralis minor. This portion corresponds with the lower part of the
lesser pectoral described by Mivart in Cercopithecus sabaus.* These latter
portions were both directed upwards and outwards, but with such dif-
ferent degrees of inclination, that the latter crossed beneath the second,
and was inserted superior and internal to it. Of these three the last
may probably be the homologue of a third pectoral, while the second
slip is mayhap but a perfectly differentiated slip of the lower costal
fibres of the great pectoral. And this view is strengthened by the fact
that in an undetermined species of Macacus, probably a variety of IZ.
nemestrinus, I found an arrangement somewhat similar to that above
described, except that the second deep slip was at its origin slightly
connected to the great pectoral.

On raising this series of muscles the supra-costalis or sternalis bru-

* “ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,” 1865, p. 44.

36 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

torum was brought into view, arising from the cartilages of the eighth,
ninth, and tenth ribs, and inserted by a flat tendon into the cartilage of
the first and second ribs. That this supra-costal muscle is but a tho-
racic rectus is evident, as in this animal, as well as in Macacus Sinicus,
and others, the abdominal rectus was continued into its outer border.

Another peculiarity in this species of Cebus was the existence of a
small muscular slip beneath the coraco-brachialis, which ran from the
inferior aspect of the tip of the coracoid process to the anterior part of
the neck of the humerus, crossing over the capsular hgament of the
shoulder and the tendon of the subscapularis. That this was quite se-
parate from the coraco-brachialis seemed unquestionable, as the lower
border of its insertion corresponded with the upper edges of the latissi-
mus dorsi tendon, which thus separated it from the rest of the coraco-
brachialis. |

As this accessory slip, although extending to the humerus, is closely
related to the capsule, it may be the representative of the coraco-capsu-
lar described by Mr. Wood as a chance variety in man. This muscle
T have found to be very constant in Quadrumana. I have found it in
Macacus, Cercopithecus, Rhesus, and many other genera, as well as in
Cebus; and Mivart mentions its presence in Cercopithecus sabeus, and
in Vycticebus tardigradus.*

A scalenus accessorius was likewise present in this animal, separate
from the three normal muscles of this name. It was connected with the
posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the fifth and sixth cer-
vical vertebrae, and was inserted into the first rib, behind the scalenus
medius. This muscle corresponds to the accessory scalenus, which I
have on several occasions found in man, and seems quite distinct from
the scalenus minimus of Albinus, with which in man I have seen the
accessory muscle to coexist.

The serrati postici made nearly a continuous muscular sheet along
the dorsal region, as the superior was inserted into the upper six ribs,
while the inferior was attached to the lower six ; and thus the two in-
termediate bones were the only ones to which no muscular fibres were
attached, and even here a strong connecting aponeurosis took the place
of the muscles.

Mr. Wood, in his paper on ‘‘ Anomalies in Human Myology,”’} speaks
of an interesting specimen in which the palmaris longus was bicipital, and
had an inverted belly, and mentions that it ‘‘is similar to the arrange-
ment in Cebus.” My specimens, however, differed from this description,
as in these individuals the palmaris longus was represented by a small
tendon which sprang from the belly of the flexor sublimis digitorum, and
was quite inseparable from that muscle. This I have likewise seen as a
human anomaly. A small infraspinatus secundus was present, passing as
usual from the axillary border of the scapula to the inferior part of the
capsular ligament of the shoulder joint. In one individual this muscle

* Op. cit., p. 244.
t+ ‘* Proceedings of the Royal Society,” 1864.

MACALISTER—ON THE MUSCLES IN CERTAIN MONKEYS, O7

was inseparable from the subscapular muscle. This muscle I have seen
very large and distinct in Rhesus and several other species of Simiade.
The extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis was very large, and the extensor
primi internodii was obsolete. The same condition I have found in Ma-
cacus nemestrinus and Sinicus. A very common arrangement in mon-
keys seems to be the fusion of the extensor ossis metacarpi and of the
primi internodii pollicis, forming a single belly, from which two tendons
are detached.

In the lower extremity the gluteus medius and the pyriformis were
inseparably united together—an interesting variety, as it is a rare occur-
rence Inhuman anatomy. The gemellus inferior was vertically doubled ;
and lower down there existed an extensor ossis metatarsi hallucis, se-
parate from the well-developed extensor proprius hallucis, which ex-
tended down to the second phalanx.

A peroneus quinque was present as a separate muscle, arising from
the fibula, under cover of the peroneus brevis, but neither peronzus
tertius nor quartus was to be seen.

In a Cercopithecus ruber there existed a distinct opponens pollicis
for each thumb; but there was not any long flexor tendon for that mem-
ber, either separate or even derived from the common deep flexor of the
fingers. The short flexor was short and thick. In this animal, like-
wise, a slip passed from the posterior fibres of the deltoid to join the long
head of the triceps.

In the lower extremity of this species there was no plantaris. A
peronus quinque arose from the peroneeus brevis, and there was deve-
loped an extensor ossis metatarsi hallucis, without any extensor for
the first or second phalanx of the great toe, the flexor for which was
present as usual.

In a Macacus Sinicus I found the peculiar arrangement of the di-
gastrics which characterizes many of the Quadrumana—namely, a union
of the anterior bellies of each side. The mode in which this occurred
was interesting, as the tendon of the posterior belly was continued as a
species of sling from one muscle to the other across the median line,
and from this the fibres of the anterior belly arose, and ran directly
forwards to the chin; other species of this genus present the same ar-
rangement and so does Inuus. In this animal likewise I found the
coraco-capsular slip before alluded to, and a very distinct opponens
pollicis. The long flexor tendon for the thumb differed from that of
Cebus in arising, not from the outer side, but from the middle of the
flexor profundus tendon ; and, as it crosses over the slip of the latter for
the index finger, this somewhat reminds us of the arrangement of the
flexor tendons in the human foot. The same mode of attachment ob-
tains in Rhesus, and Mivart* mentions a similar arrangement in Cerco-
pithecus sabeus. The infraspinatus secundus was large, but connected
to the subcapsular muscle. The flexor digitorum profundus pre-

* Op. cit., p. 44.

38 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

sented a large head, which sprang from the inner side of the olecranon
process ; and, as not infrequently occurs among the Simiadee, the supi-
nator brevis had no. humeral attachment.

In Cebus capucinus, Inuus sylvanus, and Macacus sinicus, and ne-
mestrinus there was no extensor primi internodii pollicis present, and the
extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis was attached to the trapezium.

The musculus scansorius (Traill) was indistinctly separable from
gluteus minimus in any of these individuals.

By studying myology systematically in the light of class, of gene-
ric or specific, or individual variations of the archetypal arrange-
ment, it gives an additional interest to the work of recording accidental
non-typical anomalies in man or other animals; as by the examination
of these we can sometimes trace the general or partial position and course
of the parts in the primal type, and thus we may receive hints as to
the zoological affinities of the animals in which the muscles so varying
occur.

Mr. Andrews, V.P., said, as there had been but one paper on the
list for this evening, he thought it might be of interest to make some
slight reference to afew species of fish which were captured in the
trawl net, especially as much controversy had been perpetually agitated
on the subject of that destructive mode of fishing.

He (Mr. Andrews) had always been the advocate of the trawl system
of fishing, as being a mode the most certain of providing the markets
with the best and the most valuable edible fish; and, at the same time,
from the superior class of boat that was employed, was the most useful
means of forming a body of good seamen and pilots. There were, how-
ever, some points of difference between the opinions that he had formed
with regard to trawling and those of some who were either for its full en-
couragement without restriction, and of others that were disposed to cur-
tail altogether the operation of the trawlers. In the use of shore nets,
and in the working of the trawl boats in shoal water, it has been stated
that no possible injury could result to the spawn or to the fry of fish, _
particularly if the law directed that the mesh should be of such size,
both of seine and trawl net (from knot to knot), that the undersized of
all kinds of fish that frequented shoal soundings could escape. ‘Those
who urged the complete removal of the working of all trawl boats out-
side of headlands deposed that an immensity of the spawn or ova of the
fish were destroyed, and that, consequently, the fisheries each year were
declining.

Neither of those views did he (Mr. Andrews) consider to be correct.
From practical experience of some years he had invariably found, in
the working both of the seine and the trawl net, that the size of the
mesh was but of little importance; for in the strain upon the hauling of
the one, and of the tension of the drifting of the other, the meshes
became so elongated that the smallest-sized fish were retained in the
nets. The destruction of spawn could not possibly be effected by the
trawl boat; for the instinct of fish—such as the several species of the

ANDREWS—- REMARKS ON TRAWLING. 39

Pleuronectide, and of the Cod, Haddock, and Ling—led them to deposit
the ova in such places of security, either in sheltered recesses guarded
by reefs, or on coral beds, or rough grounds, where the attachment of
the ova would be secure, and where no trawl net could possibly be
worked.

The larger boats, therefore, could never interfere in such soundings
either to the destruction of spawn or fry ; but the smaller-sized craft,
with their hand trawls and pole nets, were the most destructive of all
systems of fishing to the young of all kinds of fish.

The recommendation of drawing boundary lines from headland to
headland, against trawlers fishing within those prescribed lines, was
another very erroneous and injurious view against the utility of such
modes of fishing; for very frequently in bays and inlets, soundings of
fifteen to twenty fathoms were included within those lines that had
clean ground for the trawl boats, and where the depths of water were
such that neither spawn was deposited nor fry found. If all systems
of trawling were prohibited within the five-fathom line, it would be
the most effectual means of giving ample protection, and, at the same
time, of removing those obstructions to trawling that ought never to
have been enforced.

In the frequent opportunities he had of trawling in Dingle and
other bays he always noted the several species of fish that were taken,
and had found that the most minute were readily taken in trawl nets of
the large boats in deep water. Among these were the several species
of Gobies, the Gurnards, Soles, Lingula, Psetta arnaglossa, and other
small species. The soundings were generally from twenty to thirty-five
fathoms.

A few of these fish taken in those soundings Mr. Andrews begged
to submit, being beautiful specimens, chiefly of Gobius bipunctatus and
G. unipunctatus. With these there isaspecimen of the Mackerel Midge,
Motella glauca. He exhibited them this evening merely to show that
it is by no means difficult to capture those minute-sized fish in the net
of the largest trawl.

He said that he would have much to say in a future paper with re-
ference to these, and to several species of the Gobidee. These small fish
were taken in twenty-five fathoms water, soft sand.

He did not think that the Gobiws niger or its habits have been accu-
rately described, and that much confusion appears to exist with regard
to the distinctive characters of G. bepunctatus, G. unipunctatus, and se-
veral others of these minute species. Some appear to be but mere
varieties in different stages of development. The black spot, which on
the first dorsal fin is said to be characteristic of G. unipunctatus, is
merely a marking that many of the young of the Gobies present, and
which is peculiarly seen in the young state of the several species of
Trigla, or Gurnards, as in cuculus, lyra, and gurnardus.

The numerous specimens that he had taken of the young of Trigla
gurnardus had proved to him that Zrigla blokit was no other than the
state of the young of 7. gurnardus.

40 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

The utility of trawling is again agitated, and most properly recom-
mended; yet still in many parts of the coasts of Ireland it is viewed
with animosity by the fishermen. Galway being a position desirable
in every way for the encouragement and protection of such a system of
fishing, it has, notwithstanding, always met there the most determined |
hostility of the Claddaghmen. No sympathy can be entertained for the
lawless opposition they have always attempted. They are, however, a
poverty-stricken and improvident race; and, being without means to
fit out boats of proper tonnage or suitable gear, they are envious of and
opposed to all superiority. Still they are to be pitied. Having no
means of livelihood but by the fish or the seaweed of their bay, and no
plot of ground but that upon which their cabins stand, their existence
must be but miserable, unless directed and assisted by some kind means.
The Society of which Mr. Andrews is a trustee would advance the
means of providing and fitting out boats, where recommendation and
security would be given. Surely no difficulty should arise to this for the
more industrious and well-disposed of the Claddagh men. ‘The report of
the Commissioners, 1836, states that advances were made to the Clad-
daghmen by the Agricultural Bank, and that they were always repaid
with interest, and that such loans had effected much good.

The President exhibited fertile specimens of two cryptogamic plants
rarely found in fruit—one, a moss exceedingly rare, Hookeria le-
tevirens—from Sullivan’s Cascade, Killarney ; the other a Junger-
mannia—J. Hibernica (Hooker), which occurs in damp sandy places be-
tween Malahide and Portrane, but very rare in fruit.

Pursuant to notice given at last General Meeting by Dr. J. Barker,
it was

ResotvEeD, —That the following additions be made to Rule 7:—

‘Tn voting for a Candidate a mark must be made opposite the name,
and in voting against, a line must be drawn through the name; on
such Balloting Paper a name unmarked counting as no vote.”

Henry Wilson, Esq., F.R.C.8.1., 29, Lower Baggot-street ; and
J. Brown, Esq., Molesworth-street, were elected Ordinary Members of
the Society.

The meeting then adjourned.

THURDSAY, MAY 83, 1866.
Davip Moorr, Ph. D., F.L.8., President, in the Chair.

The minutes of the two preceding meetings were read, and those of
the March meeting were signed.

Dr. E. Perceval Wright exhibited a very beautiful specimen of a
rare and large-sized Owl—Scotopelia peli, Bp., and made the following
remarks thereon :— |

BAILY——ON FOSSIL PLANTS FROM THE SOUTH OF IRELAND. PART TI, 41

This bird had been shot by Dr. Hinde, Staff Surgeon, on the 21st
of January, 1865, a few miles above the so-called Falls of Barraconda.
These Falls, which at the time of Dr. Hinde’s visit were little more
than rapids, are about 500 miles up the River Gambia. The Owl was
startled from some trees, which there lined its banks, by the sound of
the oars, but shortly re-alighted: on again rising, it was shot. This
species was originally described by Prince Buonaparte in his ‘“ Con-
spectus Generum Avium;’ and a very beautiful figure of it, by Mr.
Wolf, was annexed to a paper on its occurrence in the Gambia district
by J. H. Gurney, M. P., in the ‘ Ibis,” for 1859. Dr. Wright was
able to confirm a remark made by Mr. Gurney, that the transverse
markings on the upper part, and the spots on the lower part of the bird,
are not of a true black, but are, more properly speaking, of a dark
brown, varying from the other portions of the plumage rather in inten-
sity of hue than in actual difference of colour. The tarsi and feet, how-
ever, in this specimen are of a slightly yellow hue. This Owl must stili
be regarded as a rare bird in collections. One in the Leyden Museum
is from Rio Boutry; two or three in America are from the River
Gambia; that in Mr. Gurney’s possession is from the Barra Country,
very probably from the very same spot as the specimen now exhibited.
Dr. Kirk saw only three pair during his explorations of the Zambesi
district, in the Livingstone expedition—of these he succeeded in
obtaining five specimens; they were shot at the confluence of the
Shire and Zambesi; so that, probably, not more than a dozen specimens
exist in the different mugeums in Europe and America. Dr. Hinde has
presented this specimen, with many other interesting Birds, Fish, and
Reptiles, to the University Museum. Dr. Wright concluded his re-
marks by expressing his great regret that Dr. Hinde had found it impos-
sible to be present at their meeting that evening, as he could have told
them so very much more about the habits of this bird.

The following paper was then read :—

On Fosstt Piants From THE SoutH oF Iretanp. Part I. By Winiram
Hewirer Barty, F.L.8., F.G.S.

Commencine with the oldest fossiliferous strata, I have to remark
upon the absence of all reliable evidence as to the existence of vegetable
organisms during the Cambrian formation in Ireland. In the Silurian
rocks there is, however, clear evidence of the existence of Plants; these
were first discovered by Mr. A. B. Wynne, F.G. 8. (now of the Geolo-
gical Survey of India), during the progress of the Geological Survey of
Treland, near Hollyfort, in the county of Tipperary, with many other
interesting fossils; and since by Mr. C. Galvan, one of the Fossil Collec-
tors of the Geological Survey, from the N. E. side of the Keeper Moun-
tain—these Plant remains consisting of stems of considerable size, the
vegetable matter being converted into coal, and root-like fragments, with
depressions resembling Stigmaria of the coal formation (also a root),
associated with Graptolites, and fossil shells of a marine character.
VOL. V. G

42 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DURLIN.

With regard to the Plants of the Old Red Sandstone, allusion must
be made to the importance of one fossil locality, that of Kiltorcan Hill,
in the county of Kilkenny, as presenting by its fossils the only certain
evidence of true Old Red Sandstone in Ireland ; for at this place Plants
are found associated with fish remains of a peculiar character, compa-
rable with those characteristic forms met with in the North of Scotland
and the Orkneys; the remarkably fine state of preservation of these
fossils being due to the mineral condition of the rock in which they are
imbedded, which is fine-grained greenish-yellow Sandstone, readily
separating into slabs of uniform thickness. The assemblage of fossils
from this locality consists of Plants of several kinds, such as may have
vegetated on the borders of a freshwater lake—a large bivalve shell,
allied to the river mussel of the present day, named Anodonta Jukesu ;
claws and other fragments of a remarkable Crustacean, probably Ptery-
gotus ; and an abundance of fish remains, consisting of jaws with teeth,
large bony plates and scales of Ganoid fishes, comparable with Cocos-
teus, Glyptolepis, &c., of the Old Red Sandstone of Scotland. The
most abundant of the Plants collected from this celebrated quarry is a
large fossil fern, first made known by Professor Edward Forbes, at the
British Association Meeting at Belfast, in 1852, and referred by him to
the genus Cyclopteris, being named Cyclopteris Hibernicus. Since then,
however, specimens have been submitted to M. Adolphe Brongniart,
the eminent fossil botanist, who considered it to be more allied to Sphe-
nopterts, and to belong to Advantites, a section of that genus, in con-
sequence of its possessing an intermediate pair of leaflets springing di-
rectly from the rachis between the lateral pinne. From time to time
other specimens have been collected of this, the most ancient tree fern,
serving to elucidate various points in its structure, such as its mode of
fructification, attachment to the stem, &c., which were alluded to by
me, at subsequent meetings of the British Association, and in the Ex-
planations of the Maps published by the Geological Survey of Ireland.*

Another species of fossil fern has been described by me from the same
place, under the name of Sphenopteris Hookert; and for a third I pro-
pose the name of Sphenopteris Humphreysianum, after Mr. H.T. Hum-
phreys, in whose fine collection of Kiltorcan fossils I first observed it—
the two latter species being comparatively rare, only a few specimens of
each having been procured. There are numerous specimens of other
Plants in the fine collections made from this place, at the Museums of Tri-
nity College, the Royal Dublin Society, and the Irish Industrial Museum,
some of them still remaining to be described ; amongst them large fluted
stems, which appeared to be identical with Sagenaria Veltheimiana of the
German fossil botanists; Paleeontologists, however, labour under great
difficulty in dealing with some fossils, especially the remains of Plants,
which are often fragmentary, and require the examination of a large
number of specimens, and repeated visits to the places where they are

* Explanation of Sheets 147 and 157, Geological Survey of Ireland.

BAILY—ON FOSSIL PLANTS FROM THE SOUTH OF IRELAND. PART I. 43

procured, before a clue can be obtained towards the elucidation of their
history, or even sufficient to explain the relation of the several parts to
each other; want of the necessary information, and too hurried an exa-
mination having repeatedly led to the mistake of applying distinct
names to different parts of the same fossil plant or animal. The remark-
able group of Plants to which this species of Sagenaria belongs is cha-
racterized by its conspicuous leaf scars, arranged in a spiral manner, and
more or less distant from each other; they are very abundant amongst the
Plant remains collected at Kiltorcan ; several of the varieties are figured
and described by the Rev. Professor Haughton, M. D., F.R.8.*, under
the name of Cyclostigma. The large fossil fern Advantites Hibernicus,
accompanied by the freshwater bivalve shell Anodonta Jukesii, and the
stems referred to Sagenaria, has been found at several other places in
the neighbourhood.

The next important fossil Plant locality to bementioned is that alittle
east of Tallow Bridge, in thecounty of Waterford, in a cutting for the new
road, through dark grey shales, full of Plant remains, described by the
Geological Surveyors as the upper part of the Old Red Sandstone. At
this place stems of large size may be seen crossing each other in all di-
rections, some of them five or six feet in length, and six inches in
breadth, coarsely ribbed lengthwise, and dividing into smaller branches,
which again subdivide; the surfaces of these smaller branches showing
a beautiful arrangement of alternating markings, the remains of leaf
scars, giving them a lattice-work appearance. It is impossible to bring
away these fossil Plants entire, in consequence of the number of joints
crossing them. I have visited the place in connexion with my duties
on the Geological Survey, and made a drawing of the appearance they
presented on the spot, which, with the description of the locality, was
inserted in the Explanation to Sheet 187, &c., of the Maps of the Geo-
logical Survey. I believe it to be the same description of Plant which
occurs at Kiltorcan, and which I have referred to Sagenaria Veltheimi-
ana. The Rev. Professor Haughton gives an account of this remarka-
bly rich deposit of fossil Plants.| These Plants, although so abundant,
belong for the most part to one species only, that already alluded to as
Sagenaria Veltheimiana ; and, as at Kiltorcan, a plant like Stigmaria has
been observed here, which is most probably the root of Sagenaria ;
smaller branching Plants, named by me Lvlzevtes lineatus, and masses
of a grass-like character, perhaps rootlets, were all the varieties observed
at this place.

Plant remains have been collected by the officers of the Geological
Survey at a few other places in the same county. On the Fermoy road,
one mile west of Tallow Bridge, branching plants occur in grey slate,
with a bivalve shell-—Wodiola Macadami, a marine or brackish water
species, characteristic of the Carboniferous slate. At Salter Bridge,

* “ Journal of the Royal Dublin Society,” vol ii, p. 407.
+ “ Journal of the Royal Geological Society of Ireland,” vol. vi., p. 227, &c.

44 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

two miles north-east of Lismore, and Cappagh, eight miles east of the
same place, Plant stems half an inch broad, with fine strie lengthwise,
have been collected, at the latter place, accompanied by the branching
plants Fulicites lineatus. The large fern, Adtantites Hibernicus, accom-
panied by Anodonta Jukes, was found also near Cork, and still more
south, at Tracarta, near Castle Townshend and Gokane Point, west of
Toe Head Bay, where it was first noticed by Mr. A. Wyley, of the
Geological Survey of Ireland, and afterwards Geological and Mine-
ralogical Surveyor of Cape Colony—the fossils at both the latter
places being much in the same condition with regard to their state of
preservation: occurring in more slaty rocks, and subject to cleavage,
they are not so easily obtained as those of Kiltorcan; neither are they
so beautifully preserved. All the species are, however, identical.
A single fish tooth only, precisely similar to that from Kiltorcan, I
have referred to Bothriolepis—it was collected at Tracarta; the other
fossils—being all Plants of the following species—Adiantites Hibernicus,
Sagenaria Veltheimiana, Cyclostigma Kultorkense, Stigmaria-like Plants,
probably roots of Sagenaria, similar to that observed at Kiltorcan, and
narrow-leaved branching Plants, perhaps rootlets.

AtGokane Point, from rocks on shore of similar character, the species
of fossil Plants collected were the same, with the addition of Sphenop-
teris Hookert. The large bivalve shell, Anodonta Jukesi, was also found
here. It is somewhat remarkable that all these localities with similar
fossil Plants are situated in nearly a straight line, running in a direction
N.E. and 8. W. from Kiltorcan, county of Kilkenny, to Tallow Bridge,
county of Waterford, Tivoli Villa, Tracarta, and Gokane, county of
Cork. The upper beds of the Old Red Sandstone are well shown in a
large quarry which Mr. Joseph O’Kelly, M. A., Senior Geologist of the
Geological Survey, pointed out to me, on a visit I made with that gen-
tleman in 1862. Some of the beds were finely laminated, the layers
being so full of Plant remains as to present quite a coaly aspect, cross-
ing each other in matted masses. Some of these Plant stems, branching
and striated lengthwise, were two and a half inches broad. The surface
markings were, however, too obscure for anything like specific determi-
nation. Mr. Wynne, in the Explanation to Sheet 126 of the Maps ofthe
Geological Survey, describes rocks of Old Red Sandstone in the River
Bunnow, near Killavilla, about three miles and a quarter north-east of
Roscrea, as grey sandy shales, from which he collected branching
Plant stems, with three-lobed leaflets attached, resembling Sphenop-
teris, the layers of rock being full of Plant remains, including stems
of various sizes, from the tenth of an inch to nearly an inch broad, some
of them branching.*

Several fossil Plant localities were observed by the officers of the

* Sir Richard Griffith notices several of these localities in his paper ‘‘ On the Re-
mains of Fossil Plants of the Yellow Sandstone.”—‘ Journal of the Royal Dublin Society,”
vol.i., p. 313.

WRIGHT—EXHIBITION OF ECHINODERMS. 45

Geological ‘Survey in rocks referred to the Old Red Sandstone, in the
county of Kerry, branching Plants, /vlicites lineatus, occurring in purple
slates on the west side of the Gap of Dunloe, and in micaceous slates
and sandstones at Gortalunny and Rossacossane; and at Coolownig, one
of the root-like Plants was procured resembling Stigmaria; and from
rocks on the west side of Coomasahara Lake ribbed Plant stems were
collected, some of them more than an inch in diameter. From rocks at
Kilmore sea beach, blocks of sandstone were obtained by Mr. F. J. Foot,
M.A., Senior Geologist of the Geological Survey, full of Plant remains,
consisting of diverging fronds bearing striated stems.

Dr. E. Perceval Wright exhibited specimens of several new species
of Echinoderms, belonging to the Families Ophiuride and Asteriade.
These species were chiefly from the collection made some years ago by
his colleague, Professor Harvey, on the coasts of New Zealand and Aus-
tralia, and had been presented at the time to the Trinity College Mu-
seum. Dr. E. P. Wright also exhibited a specimen of the animal of the
genus Kuphus, one of the Teredinide, which, in all probability, had not
been seen or described since the days of Sir Everard Home. At one
time, and indeed in all the best manuals of Mollusca, this genus was
described as destitute of valves, in which respect it was unique among
Lamellibranchiate Mollusca; but this specimen proved that in this
respect this genus did not differ from all other bivalves. A specimen
_ belonging to a new species of this genus was also exhibited. This Dr.
Wright had described at a recent meeting of the Linnean Society, and
for permission to do so he was indebted to the extreme kindness of his
friend, Dr. J. E. Grey, of the British Museum. ‘This species was from
the coast of Australia, and had been collected by Mr. Clifton. In con-
clusion, Dr. Wright remarked that perhaps no Molluscan genus showed
more than this one the extreme divergence in habit of very closely-allied
species, one living in mud, and forming a most remarkable closed tube,
sometimes equalling three feet in length—a giant among shipworms ;
another following the practice of all ordinary Teredines, and content,
like them, to busy itself boring into timber—forming little or no tube,
and being but of moderate dimensions.

Mr. Good, touching on the subject of Teredinids occurring in salt
water only, remarked that in the St. Lawrence the submerged timber,
called “‘ Greenheart,’”’ had been found bored by a Teredo where no tidal
water ever goes up. This would confirm Dr. Wright’s record, made
some time ago, of a Teredo occurring in undoubted fresh water in
India.

The meeting adjourned to the first Thursday in June.

46 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

THURSDAY, JUNE 7, 1866.
Davip Moors, Ph. D., F. L. §., &c., President, in the Chair.

Read the Minuteg of the two preceding meetings, which were con-
firmed.

The Rev. 8S. Haughton, M.D., moved, and Mr. Johnston seconded, the
suspension of the Rule regarding the order of business, in order that
the following motion might be first discussed, which was passed.

Mr. Dixon then moved, in pursuance of notice given at last General
Meeting, and Mr. Porte seconded, that the following alterations take
place in the Rules :—

Section II., Ruxz 9.

‘‘That for ‘the ordinary meeting each month,’ the words, ‘ any or-
dinary meeting of the Society,’ be inserted.

Rute 10.

‘‘That after the word ‘ year’ the following be inserted—‘ Members
elected at the meetings in May or June in each year are exempt from
payment of the annual subscription for the Session.’

Rute 14.

“That for the word ‘subscription’ the words ‘entrance fee’ be
inserted.”’

The Rev. 8. Haughton, M. D., then moved the following Amend-
ments, which were seconded by Mr. R. P. Williams :—

Section II., Ruzz 9.

‘That in place of the words, ‘at the ordinary meeting each month,’
be inserted the words, ‘at the ordinary or other General Meeting of the
Society.’

Rute 10.

‘‘ Also, that after the word ‘year’ be inserted, ‘and that members
elected at the meetings of May and June shall, on payment of their
entrance fee and subscription, be considered as having paid for the cur-
rent and following year.’ ”’

Rute 14.

‘Also, that before the word ‘subscription’ the words ‘ entrance
fee and’ be inserted.”

The amendments, having been put from the Chair, were declared
carried.

The Rev. 8S. Haughton moved, and Mr. Porte seconded, that said
alterations take effect this evening, which was passed.

BAILY—ON FOSSIL PLANTS FROM THE SOUTH OF IRELAND. PART II. 47

After which was read a paper

On Fosstt Puants From THE Soutn oF Inevanp (ParrII.). By Witt
Heuer Barty, F. L.8., F. G.S.

Havine at the last meeting of the Society finished with the considera-
tion of those found in the Old Red Sandstone, I propose to bring before
the notice of the Society on this occasion an account of fossil Plants pro-
cured from rocks belonging to the Carboniferous formation.

The rocks known as the Carboniferous slate (a term applied to them
by Sir Richard Griffith), and believed to be the lower portion of the
Carboniferous formation, are extensively developed in the South of Ive-
land, skirting the shores of Kenmare and Bantry, as well as Dunmanus
and Roaring Water Bays, and extending across the country in a north-
east and south-westerly direction to Cork Harbour and Ballycotton Bay.
The series of beds composing these rocks consists, according to the Geo-
logical Surveyors, of a mass of dark blue and grey slates, with occa-
sional thin beds of grit, interstratified at the lower part with thicker
beds of grit—these grits having been named by Mr. J. Beete Jukes,
Director of the Geological Survey of Ireland, Coomhola grits, from the
name of the place, near Glengariffe, where they are best seen. The esti-
mated maximum thickness of the Carboniferous slate in the county of
Cork being 5000 feet, this series of strata, resting conformably upon
other grits and slates referred to the Old Red Sandstone, and graduating
so imperceptibly the one into the other, that the boundary could only
be determined by observing the change of colour from grey slates and
grits into that of a red and liver-coloured hue, fossil Plants of a similar
character being common to both, the only certain guide as to their rela-
tions with the Carboniferous formation resting with the fossils, marine
shells of characteristic Carboniferous species, which have never been
found lower than what are called the Coomhola grits, or the grey and
black slates, with which they are interstratified.

The vegetable remains occurring throughout these beds consist al-
most entirely of fragments of stems and branching Plants without leaf-
lets, a condition which renders them difficult to determine. Although
Plant remains are found at some places in considerable abundance, the
varieties of forms are but few, there being only two or three well-recog-
nised species met with throughout the whole extent of these deposits,
the most conspicuous of them are large stems, the majority of which
appear to be identical with Sagenaria Veltheimiana (Sternberg. sp.),
and smaller Plants, with diverging branches, named by me Fvlv-
cites lineatus. Plants of similar character, as I have before observed,
also occur in beds referred to the upper Old Red Sandstone, correspond-
ing in that respect with the lithological blending of the two formations
into each other, and rendering the boundary between them a somewhat
arbitrary one. The Rey. Professor Haughton,* after describing the

* “On the Evidence afforded by Fossil Plants as to the boundary line between the
Devonian and Carboniferous Rocks.”—“ Journal of the Geological Society of Dublin,”
vol. vi., p. 227, &c.

48 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

occurrence of Fossil Plants at the lowest part of the Carboniferous for- |
mation in other countries, mentions that ofa group of fossil Plants found
near Marwood, in Devonshire, at the base of the Carboniferous and top
of the Devonian. He then alludes to the Irish Plant localities of the
Yellow Sandstone group as occupying a similar position at the base of
the Carboniferous formation. Acknowledging the following informa-
tion, for which, he observes, we are indebted to Sir Richard Griffith,
that ‘‘fossil Plants mark everywhere through Ireland the base of the
Carboniferous system,’’ and after enumerating several Plant localities in
what is called the ‘‘ Yellow Sandstone,”’ or upper Old Red Sandstone, he
expresses his opinion that ‘‘the group of fossil Plants from these places,
by their resemblance to those of undoubted Carboniferous age, entitles
them to be classed with the Carboniferous deposits ;’”’ and that ‘‘in Ire-
land the base line of the lower Carboniferous period should be placed
below the entire group of Plant beds.” I believe I have satisfactorily
identified the large Plant stems from Marwood, in North Devon, which
had been referred to Knorria, with Sagenarva Veltheimiana (of which it
appears to be a decorticated variety), a fossil so frequent at Kiltorcan,
Tallow Bridge, and many other places in Ireland, in rocks belonging to
both the Old Red Sandstone and Carboniferous formations, as well as on
the Continent, where it is, according to Dr. Geinitz, the most widely dis-
tributed fossil Plant in the oldest coal formation of Saxony. Dr. Goep-
pert, also, who includes Anorria imbricata and confluens amongst its
numerous synonyms, states it to have been found in the sandstone of
the ‘‘Upper Grauwacke” (query, Devonian), of Magdeburg, in Prussia,
and other places in Germany. Mr.J. Beete Jukes and Mr. J. W. Salter,
in their joint paper,* mention the occurrence of Plants under the name
of Knorria dichotoma and linear Plants in the ‘‘ Yellow Sandstone,”
which ‘‘ forms the upper part of the Old Red Sandstone all along the
south of Ireland, from the Hook, in Wexford, to the shores of Bantry
Bay;”’ as also their occurrence at intervals throughout the Coomhola
grit in sandstone beds, overlying the Plant-bearing beds of Kiltorean,
and identical with the Marwood beds of North Devon.

The Carboniferous slate, on the south side of Kenmare Bay, extends
along the shore from Inishfarnard Island and Kilcatherine Point to Lehid
Harbour, continuing about half a mile inland from Ardea Castle to
Lower Clonee Lough; and, according to the observations made by the
Government Geological Surveyors,t a section taken inland, near Kil-
catherine Point, shows a thickness of about 1500 feet, consisting of
grey compact grits (Coomhola grits), with a few thin beds of black slate.
Plant remains occur occasionally in the slates, often associated with
marine shells, corals, and crinoids; and in the grit beds they are usually
found to be unaccompanied by any other description of fossils—the fossil

* “On the Classification of the Devonian and Carboniferous Rocks of the South of
Ireland.” —“ Journal of the Geological Society of Dublin,” vol. vii., p. 63.

} Explanation to Sheets 197 and 198 of the Maps of the Geological Survey of Ire-
land.

BAILY—ON FOSSIL PLANTS FROM THE SOUTH OF IRELAND. 49

shells, &c., occurring in the grit, generally occupying distinct zones,
certain bivalves, considered to be characteristic lower Carboniferous
shells, being the most abundant, indicating, as he believed, the base of
the Carboniferous series with more certainty than the Plants. Several
places, principally from rocks on the shores of Kenmare and Bantry
Bays, at which Plants were collected by the officers of the Geological
Survey, are noticed in the Explanations before alluded to (197 and 198),
as well as the occurrence of marine shells and other fossils in some of the
beds, of decidedly Carboniferous species, many of them such as are
found in the limestone of other parts of Ireland. At various places
inland also, from rocks described as Carboniferous slate, similar fossils
have been collected ; several of these places I have myself visited in con-
nexion with my duties on the Geological Survey.

In treating of the fossil Plants of the Coal formation, the con-
trast presented by the paucity of specific forms of Plants in the ex-
tinct vegetation of the older Carboniferous, with their great profusion
at a later period, during the deposit of the coal measures, is as
remarkable in Ireland as in England, and other parts of the world
where the true coal formation is developed; their remains, sufficiently
perfect for specific identification, being found abundant in the shales,
and more sparingly in the sandstones; whilst in the coal itself,
which has been satisfactorily proved to be of vegetable origin, from
compression and mineralization, the specific character of the Plants
from which it was derived is almost entirely obliterated. Collec-
tions of fossils have been made by the officers of the Geological Survey
at various places throughout the districts occupied by the coal for-
mation, most of them having passed through my hands for examina-
tion, and many of the localities been visited by me. Remarks on these
fossils, with list of species, are inserted in the published Explanations
of the Maps of the Geological Survey; and, as there still remain a
great many fossils for examination, and places to be visited, I can only
at present offer a few remarks on such an important branch of
the subject as the coal fields of Ireland, and their probable correspond-
ence with similar deposits in England and on the Continent. My first
examination of the Ivish coal fields was made in company with Mr. G.
H. Kinahan, in 1858, when we visited the colleriesin the neighbourhood
of Castlecomer, some of them belonging to Benjamin B. Edge, J. P., of
Clonbrock House, by whose liberality, and that of his son, Mr. John
Edge, LL. B., the collection of fossils belonging to the Geological Sur-
vey has been enriched with many specimens, and much valuable in-
formation imparted to the officers of the Survey. In the identification
of the fossil Plants from the shales at these collieries I have been greatly
assisted by the experience of my friend, Dr. Geinitz, of Dresden, who
accompanied me there on a subsequent occasion. They consisted of
Calamites, representing the Equisctacee, Asterophyllites, and Spheno-
phyllum, the Asterophyllitez ; several species of ferns, including the
widely-distributed species Alethopteris lonchitidis ; Sagenaria, and Le-
prdophyllum, its leaves, with Lepidostrobus, the fruit, and Asprdiaria,

VOL. V. H

30 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

belonging to the Lycopodiacee—Sigillaria, Stigmaria, &e., many of
them being identical species with fossil Plants found in the coal mea-
sures of the North of England. At some of the collieries, such as Ge-
neva, Jarrow, and Wolf’s Hill, marine shells were found in the shales
over the coal, Aviculopecten papyraceus and Gontatites sphericus being
the most frequent; and at Bilboa, about four miles south-west of Car-
low, small bivalve shells of the genera Myacites and Myalina, locally
termed ‘‘beans,’’ were very prevalent throughout the shales forming
the roof of the coal, with Crustacea of the Limuloid type, allied to a
group found in the lower coal measures of Coalbrookedale, Shropshire,
first discovered by Mr. G. H. Kinahan at the Bilboa collieries, and de-
scribed by me* under the names of Befinurus Regine and B. arcuatus. A
very interesting group of extinct reptiles and fish from the Jarrow Col-
liery was first brought to notice by Mr. W. B. Brownrigg, and is now
under description by Professor Huxley.

The collieries in the neighbourhood of Killenaule, county of Tip-
perary, I visited with Mr. Joseph O’ Kelly, in 1858. Plant impressions
were found to be particularly abundant in the shales, consisting prin-
cipally of calamites and ferns. The Leinster coal field, in which these
collieries are situate, is about forty miles in length, its greatest breadth
being fourteen miles. The large extent of coal measure strata which
for the most part bounds the coast on the south-west of Ireland for
upwards of seventy miles, with a breadth at its widest part, north of
the River Shannon, of between forty and fifty miles, has very few pro-
ductive beds of coal, and that only at its southern extremity. It is
divided by the River Shannon, the northern portion being in the county
of Clare, the southern in those of Kerry and Limerick.

In the county of Limerick, at Foynes Island, on the River Shannon,
fossil Plants are comparatively few, the fossils consisting for the most
part of shells of Mollusca, which were found to be uncompressed and
very abundant in calcareous nodules from the lower coal measure shales,
composing the cliffs on the shore, the shales themselves being also full
of the usual shells which characterize these deposits, and indicate strata
belonging to the coal formation. At the old collieries near Glin, on
the same river, the shales over the coal which was formerly worked
there were observed to be full of the remains of Plants, principally
ferns. Nearly all the species were found to be identical with those
from Coalbrookedale, in Shropshire, and Newcastle, in the North of
England. In other parts of the country where coal strata occurred, as
well as in Kerry and Clare (parts of the same coal field), collections of
fossils have been made both from the shales and sandstone. Atsome places
the assemblage consisted of marine shells only, occasionally mixed with
a few Plant fragments, such as small flattened stems without leaves,
and, more rarely, accompanied by the remains of fish; entire skeletons

* Explanation to Sheet 137 of the “‘ Memoirs of the Geological Survey,” and in the
‘* Annals of Natural History,” 1863, vol. xi.

BAILY—ON FOSSIL PLANTS FROM THE SOUTH OF IRELAND. 51

of genera, such as occur in corresponding strata in the North of Eng-
land, having been procured by Mr. A. M‘Henry, one of the collectors of
fossils to the Geological Survey, from the cliffs near Ballybunnion, county
of Kerry. I have also to allude to several localities in the coal forma-
tion of the county of Clare, which I visited in company with Mr. F. J.
Foot. Near Ennis, in the River Inch, the lower shales were found to be
full of fossils, consisting of Plant stems, and marine shells, the latter
being the most numerous; and near the mouth of the Shannon, at
Kilrush, large Plants, Stigmaria, several feet long, were observed in
sandstone rocks on the shore; other plants, with marine shells, occur-
ring in the shales.

The importance of the question as to the probable duration of the
supplies of coal from the British coal fields demands serious attention ;
and although, perhaps, likely to be but little affected by the amount
derived from the Irish coal fields, which are said to have lost from de-
nudation the upper and more valuable portion of these deposits, there
may perhaps yet be entertained hopes even for Ireland, as well as for
England, of increasing the supply by deeper sinkings in the North,
where good gas coal prevails, and by penetrating untried ground.

In conclusion, the opinion of so eminent an authority on fossil bo-
tany as Dr. Hanns Bruno Geinitz, Professor in Dresden, and Keeper of
the Royal Mineralogical Museum, whose acquaintance I had the great
pleasure to make some years back, will, I feel assured, receive that at-
tention which it deserves, he having devoted an article to the conside-
ration of the coal district in Ireland, in his truly national work on the
coal fields of Europe, published in conjunction with Drs. H. Fleck and
E. Hartig, at Munich, in 1865, from which, with permission, I shall
read the following extracts, translated from the German :—

‘¢ THE COAL DISTRICT OF IRELAND.

‘« Although Carboniferous Limestone is spread over the greater part
of Ireland—and we may assume that the coal-bearing strata of the Car-
boniferous formation may also have at one time exhibited a considerable
extension—there is, however, very little of it remaining, in consequence
of the subsequent denudation observable in that country. In the South
of Ireland the Carboniferous Limestone is accompanied by a series of
black slates, or grey sandstones, and arenaceous shales, which con-
tain thin beds of anthracite coal in the upper strata.’’ ‘* An extensive
working is carried on in the Castlecomer coal field. According to the
plans and sections of shafts referring to this field, which we owe to Pro-
fessor Jukes, as illustrations of the Sheets 127, &c., of the Geological
Maps of Ireland, five beds of coal are exhibited in this district, of which,
however, the upper, in cousequence of denudation, are only present
over avery small area. The richest deposit in the domain of the lower
beds is found north-east of Castlecomer, at the Jarrow Colliery, in the
neighbourhood of Clonbrock, in the Queen’s County. On the occasion
of my visit, a coal-bearing seam, three feet ten inches thick, was being
worked, which yielded excellent anthracite coal, the normal Kilkenny

594 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

coal of Werner. The circumstances are perfectly analogous to those just
described in the neighbouring Geneva Colliery, belonging to Mr. Ben-
jamin Edge, of Clonbrock House.’ ‘The numerous remains of Plants
collected in this coal district by Mr. Benjamin Edge, and his son, Mr.
John Edge, compared with other coal basins, show that this anthracite
coal does not belong to the culm horizon, or our first zone, but rather
to the commencement of the second or Sigillaria zone.”” The following
were distinguished in it :— Gyromyces Ammonis, Gop.; Calamites canne-
formas, Schl. ; Asterophyllites foliosus, Lindl. and Hutt.; Sphenophyllum
saxtfragefolium, Stern. sp.; Sphenopteris latifolia, Brong.; Schizopteris
anomala, Brong.; Neuropteris gigantea, St.; Alethopteris lonchitidis, St. ;
Sagenaria dichotoma, St.; Sag. elegans, Lindl.; Sag. rimosa, St., with
Lepidophylium and Lepidostrobus ; Aspidiaria undulata, St.; Sigillarva
tesselata, Brong.; Sig. imtermedia, Brong.; Stigmaria ficordes, var.
minor ; Cordactes borassifolius, St. sp. ‘‘ In the North of Ireland,
where coal-bearing beds occur in the counties of Leitrim and Ferma-
nagh, as well as at Dungannon, in Tyrone, and Ballycastle, in An-
trim, they rest upon a thick sandstone formation, apparently represent-
ing the millstone grit, which separates them from the Carboniferous
Limestone; and whilst in the whole of the South of Ireland the typical
anthacite, or Kilkenny coal, predominates, in the deposits of the North
of Ireland it is good gas coal.’ ‘‘ The occurrence of the productive
coal formation at Ballycastle, on the northern coast of Ireland, is very
interesting, where it extends itself from Fair Head, in a westerly and
southerly direction, to a distance of about four miles, with a mean
breadth of about one and a half miles. It contains at Marlough Bay
six coal seams, from one to eight feet thick, of which four yield good
gas coal, whilst the two deeper are anthracite. These coal-bearing
beds appear to rest directly on the mica schist. As an additional charac-
teristic of the Irish coal fields, the following is a summary of the fossil
Plants which we had the opportunity of examining, partly in the adm1-
rable collections of the Irish Museum, and in Sir R. Griffith’s office at
Dublin, in the before mentioned collection of Messrs. B. and J. Edge,
at Clonbrock House, as well as among the waste heaps of the Castle-
comer coal field, in company with Mr. W. H. Baily, many of which are
deposited in the Royal Mineralogical Museum at Dresden :—

“1. Gyromyces Ammonis on Asterophyllites foliosus, and on a fern
stem from the Leinster and Castlecomer coal fields in the Queen’s
County.

2. Calamites canneformis, Sch.; from Glenagoppul and Foynes
Island, Limerick; Jarrow and Geneva Collieries, near Castlecomer ;
Glengoole and Knockilonga Collieries, Tipperary.

3. Calamites Suckowi, Brong.; from collieries in Limerick ; Knocki-
longa Colliery, Tipperary; and Ballycastle, Antrim. |

4. Calamites approximatus, Schl.; from Glenagoppul, Limerick ;
Knockilonga Colliery, Tipperary ; Annagher Colliery, near Dungannon,
Tyrone,

BAILY—ON FOSSIL PLANTS FROM THE SOUTH OF IRELAND. D3

5. Asterophylhites foliosus, Lindl.; Coolbaun, Skehana, and Jarrow
Collieries, near Castlecomer, and Knockilonga Colliery, Tipperary.

6. Asterophyllites grandis, Sternb., sp.; from Glenagoppul and Glin,
Limerick, W. H.B.; Dromagh Colliery, near Kanturk, Cork; Pinnu-
larva capillacea, Lindl., from the same locality.

7. Spenophyllum saxifragefolium, St. sp.; Glengoole and New Bir-
mingham, Tipperary; Skehana Colliery, near Castlecomer.

8. Sphenopteris latifolia, Brong.; Dromagh, near Kanturk ; Cork;
Limerick ; Glengoole, Tipperary; and Annagher Colliery, near Dun-
gannon, Tyrone.

9. Sphenopteris muricata, Schl. sp.; Annagher Colliery.

10. Sphenopteris irregularis, Glengoole.

11. Sphenopteris Heninghaust, Brong.; Glengoole and Knockilonga
Collieries, Tipperary.

12. Schizopteris anomala, Brong.; Jarrow Colliery.

13. Dictyopteris Brongmarti, Gutb.; Dungannon, Tyrone.

14. Neuropteris gigantea, Sternb.; Jarrow, Skehana, and other
collieries near Castlecomer.

15. Cyatheites plumosa, Artis. sp. (Pecopteris plumosa, Brong.) ;
Glenagoppul, Limerick.

16. Alethopteris lonchitidis, Sternb. (Pecopterts lonchitica, Brong.) ;
Dromagh, Cork; Coolbaun, Jarrow, Bilboa, and other collieries near
Castlecomer ; Glengoole, Tipperary.

17. Sagenaria elegans, Lindl. sp.; Dromagh, Cork; Jarrow, Ske-
hana, Bilboa, and other collieries near Castlecomer; Glengoole, Tippe-
rary; Crosskill, near Keadue, Leitrim; Ballycastle, Antrim.

18. Sagenaria dichotoma, St.; Leitrim and Ballycastle; Lepido-
phyllum lanceolatum, Lindl.; from the same places.

19. Sagenaria rimosa, St.; Dromagh and Jarrow Collieries.

20. Sagenaria obovata, St.; Crosskill, Leitrim.

21. Sagenaria aculeata, St.; from the same locality.

22. Aspidiaria undulata, St.; Jarrow and Geneva Collicries;
Knockilonga, Tipperary.

23. Stigmaria ficoides, var. minor; from the same places.

24. Sigillaria elegans, Brong.; Dromagh Colliery, Cork; Annagher
Colliery, near Dungannon.

25. Sigillaria tesselata, Brong.; Glin, Limerick; Jarrow and Ske-
hana Collieries, near Castlecomer.

26. Srgillaria oculata, Schl.; Glen Colliery, Queen’s County.

27. Sigillarva intermedia, Brong.; Jarrow Colliery.

28. Cordaites borassifolius, St.; from the same locality.”

Dr. Geinitz in his concluding remarks obsefves, ‘‘I do not think that
we should be justified, from the occurrence of these Plants, in referring
the coal-bearing beds of Ireland to an older zone than to that of the
poor étage of the Westphalian coal formation, which represents very well
the relations of their deposition. They indicate here, as there also, the
commencement of the Sigillarva zone, the later and richer beds of which
in Ireland were destroyed ; a small area may, however, still be preserved
in some northern localities of Ireland, as at Dungannon.”

54 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

A paper was read,

On A Cask or Hemiptecta In a Monkey, CONSEQUENT ON AN INJURY
or THE Hap. By the Rey. Samvurent Haveuron, M.D., F.T.C. D.

Durine the summer of 1863 a small Monkey, of the species Cercopt-
thecus ruber, died in the Zoological Gardens of Dublin. He had had
convulsions occasionally for four weeks preceding his death, and for
upwards of two years had not had the use of his right hand, which was
paralyzed, both forearm and hand being permanently flexed. His ha-
bits were odd, as he shunned the society of his fellows, who seemed to
persecute him, although rather afraid of him, particularly when he re-
tired to a corner of the cage, and, thrusting out the elbow of his para-
lyzed arm, cried out ‘‘ Chick, chick, chick.’’ On such occasions his
conduct reminded me strongly of that of idiotic persons of our own
species, who are half-annoyed and half-pleased at the petty persecutions
of boys that find a questionable enjoyment in tormenting them.

On a post-mortem examination I found—weight, 8lbs.; digestive
viscera, 1 lb. 44 oz.; heart and lungs, 340z.; kidneys, 20z.; brain,
23 oz.

* ‘The cause of death was found to be softening of the brain, produced
by an old depressed fracture of the left parietal bone, the olfac-
tory lobes also being found to be quite black. The skull was frac-
tured by a blow that broke the left parietal bone along the edge of
the temporal muscle, driving inwards the portion lying under that
muscle, and splitting the external portion into two nearly equal parts.
A piece of the frontal bone also was broken, equalling in size either of
the fractured portions of the parietal bone. The piece of bone, driven
inwards at right angles to the plane of the skull, entered the middle
lobe of the brain, causing a softening, absorption, and ultimately a fall-
ing-in of the posterior lobe into the space left vacant by the destruction
of the middle cerebral lobe.

The points in this case that seem to be of interest are the follow-
ing, which are not without their analogies in the human subject :—
1. The slow rate of progress of injury to the mental faculties; 2. The
late period at which convulsions set in, after the establishment of idiocy
and paralysis; 3. The exact agreement of the paresis of the muscular
system with the seat of injury of the opposite side of the brain. The de-
pressed bone penetrated to the very centre of the middle lobe, and the
brain was softened for half an inch all round the bone:. the corpus stri-
atum being involved in the softening.

It was generally supposed that the large percentage of deaths of
Monkeys in the Dublin Zoological Gardens was due to the formation of tu-
bercle in their lungs. On dissecting many of these Monkeys, I have failed
to discover any trace of tubercle, and I believe that the Monkeys died
of ‘‘ bread and milk.” Many of them showed symptoms of purpuric
scurvy spots in the kidneys, pericardium, and intestines, and other signs
of extravasation of the red globules of the blood. By directing atten-

HAUGHTON—ON HEMIPLEGIA IN A MONKEY. dd

tion to this important fact the mortality among the Monkeys in the
Dublin Gardens had recently been greatly diminished: these animals
were now allowed oranges, apples, and figs; while those that, in a
state of nature, were in the habit of eating small lizards and frogs, were
now allowed to partake of conger eel. The result of the change in the
dietary had been to diminish in a remarkable manner the mortality
among the inhabitants of the Monkey house.

Dr. Benjamin Hinde, Staff Assistant-Surgeon, stated he was fortu-
nately able to complete the antecedent history of this interesting case
of Monkey paralysis. This animal had been originally in his possession,
having been given to him on the 27th of December, 1860, being at that
time six months old. He was very docile, and particularly active.
After being in Dr. Hinde’s possession for about a fortnight, he broke
the string by which he was confined, and went down to the river side,
where he was immediately chased by a black soldier of the 2nd West
India Regiment. This soldier brought him back to Dr. Hinde about
two hours after his escape; he was screaming violently; his right side
was paralyzed, and the left side of his head swelled to at least double its
usual size. The soldier denied having given the animal a blow, but it
was afterwards discovered that he had been seen throwing stones at him.
For about four days the Monkey lay on his side, unable to move, the
sphincters were relaxed, and he had completely lost the sight of one eye.
In a week or ten days he began to attempt to walk, dragging the leg
most painfully; the swelling of the head subsided, so as to allow of the
fracture being examined, and his sight gradually returned. He rapidly
recovered the use of his leg, but a careful observer could see that he was
rather uncertain in his grasp, and frequently missed his footing. His
hand never relaxed, but he recovered the partial use of his forearm. Dr.
Hinde brought him home to Kerry in May, 1861, where he spent the
winter of 1861-62, chained in the kitchen, beside an American cooking
stove; and in fine weather he would follow his master like a dog, and
seemed to have a great objection to be left alone. On Dr. Hinde’s re-
turn to Africa, ‘‘ Jacko’ was given to Mr. Corbett, of Castleconnell,
who ultimately presented him to the Dublin Zoological Gardens, where
he came under the observation of the Rev. Dr. Haughton.

The Rev. Dr. Haughton read to the meeting a letter from Mr. R. A
Duke, C.E., recording the occurrence of large quantities of a fine-
grained yellow powder, on three or four occasions, after a night’s rain,
in the neighbourhood of Templehouse, county of Sligo. It wasstrewed
in considerable quantities on walks, roads, &c., and grass, as it was
shown by its sticking to the nostrils of horses and cows grazing; it fell
also on the roofs of houses. This yellow rain dust was first observed on
the 6th of May, and fell afterwards on four occasions, of which the last
was the 17th of May.

Dr. Haughton examined it chemically, and found 16 parts of sul-
phur in 1050 parts of yellow powder, omitting clayey particles; this

36 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

result proved that it could not be regarded as sulphur. Under the micro-
scope it presented the appearance of agglutinated masses, composed of
spherical particles, sometimes containing only two or three, and some-
times a score of single particles.

Mr. Duke, and others, imagined the yellow dust to be composed of
insects’ eggs.

Mr. Porte suggested that this yellow dust might, on examination,
prove to be the pollen of fir trees.*

The President, with great regret, announced the death of an
esteemed and distinguished botanist, Dr. Robert Kaye Greville, and read
the so ave extract from M‘Kenzic’ s ‘‘ Dictionary of Universal Bio-
graphy :”

‘‘ Robert Kaye Greville, a distinguished naturalist and botanist, was
born on the 13th of December, 1794, at Bishop Auckland, in the county
of Durham. He began to study plants before he knew that any book
was written on the subject; and before he was nineteen he had made
careful coloured drawings of between one and two hundred native
plants. He was intended for the medical profession, and accordingly he
passed through the usual curriculum of four years in London and Edin-
burgh; but circumstances having rendered him independent of the practice
of the profession, and, above all, natural history having taken too deep root
in his heart, he did not go up for his degree, but devoted himself to botany.
In 1824 the degree of LL. D. was conferred upon him by the Univer-
sity of Glasgow. He delivered several courses of popular lectures on bo-
tany, and made extensive collections of plants, insects, shells, and
marine Crustacea. Advancing age led to a less exclusive devotion to
the subject, and to the disposal of his phanerogamous herbarium and
ferns, as well as his collection of insects, to the University of Edinburgh.
At the same time a change of circumstances led him to take up land-
scape painting as a profession. He still, however, continued to prose-
cute natural history, and devoted much attention to the Diatomacee, and
to his general collection of land and fresh-water Mollusca, which is the
finest in Scotland. : He was a fellow of the Royal So-
ciety of Edinburgh, an Honorary Member of the Royal Irish Academy ;
a Member of the Imperial Academy Nature Curiosorum, and of
the Natural History Society of Leipsic; Honorary Secretary of the
Botanical Society of Edinburgh ; Corresponding Member of the Natural
History Societies of Paris, Cherbourg, Brussels, Philadelphia, &e.
Among his works may be mentioned the following :—‘ Flora Edinensis,’
‘ Scottish Cryptogamic Flora,’ ‘ Alge Britannica,’ ‘ Icones Filicum,’
in conjunction with Sir W. J. Hooker, besides numerous papers on
Ferns, Algeze, Mosses, and Diatoms, in various scientific journals.”

This veteran botanist died at his residence near Edinburgh on the 4th

* On subsequent microscopic examination, this proved to be the case. There is thus
here placed on record an interesting fact—the proportion of sulphur in the pollen of fir.

BIRCHALL— CATALOGUE OF IRISH LEPIDOPTERA. 57

inst. On the 10th ult. Dr. Greville had presided at the meeting of the
Botanical Society of Edinburgh, and took a prominent part in the proceed-
ings of the evening. This distinguished gentleman, as is well known,
held a high position as a cryptogamic botanist, and his loss will be
much felt in the scientific world, and regretted by a large circle of
acquaintances.

It was proposed by the President and unanimously resolyed—‘“ That
this Society has heard with deep regret of the death of the distinguished
botanist, Dr. R. K. Greville.”’

The following gentlemen were elected Ordinary Members of the So-
eiety :—John Bain, Esq., College Botanic Garden; Maurice H. Collis,
Esq., M. D., 25, Lower Baggot-street ; Edward Nolan, Esq., 1, Palmers-
ton Villas, Rathmines; G. St. G. Tyner, Esq., M. D., Stevens’s Hospital ;
William Willams, Esq., Philipsburgh-avenue, Fairview; G. Orr Wil-
son, Esq., Dunardagh, Blackrock.

Several papers, owing to the lateness of the hour, remaining unread,
it was resolved that the meeting stand adjourned to Thursday, the 28th
instant.

The meeting then adjourned.

THURSDAY, JUNE 28, 1866.
Davin Moorg, Ph. D., F. L.S., &c., President, in the Chair.
The Minutes of the preceding meeting were read and confirmed.

Dr. KE. Perceval Wright, F.L.8., in the author’s absence, then
read a

CaTaLocue OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF IreLanp. By Enwin BrrcHatt.

Ten years having elapsed since the publication, by the Dublin
University Zoological and Botanical Association, of lists of Irish Lepi-
doptera by the Rev. Joseph Greene and the Rev. A. R. Hogan, toge-
ther comprising 636 species, I venture to offer the following revised
and extended list, in which 961 species are recorded as indigenous, in-
cluding seven species not known to occur in Great Britain. Much has
yet to be done before a catalogue even approximately complete can be
prepared; still I hope that a record of the present state of our know-
ledge of the distribution ofthe Lepidoptera in Ireland will not be with-
out value as a basis for future observations; and the sooner it becomes
obsolete, the better will its purpose be answered.

‘¢ Enough, if something from our hands have power
To live, and act, and serve the future hour.’

I have been unwilling to reject from the list any reputed indigenous

species which could be retained with the least show of reason. In some

cases species have been retained on the strength of very old and solitary

observations, but the authority on which this has been done will, I
VOL. V I

08 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

hope, be held fully to justify the step. That the observations of the
late Dr. Ball and Mr. Tardy are, in many cases, still unconfirmed,
proves, in my judgment, not the absence of the insect, but merely the
want of observers; and, until there are resident entomologists in every
part of Ireland, the indigenous species can never be otherwise than 1m-
perfectly known.

When only one or two localities are named, it is not intended that
the reader should infer that the insect does not occur elsewhere, but
simply that there was no further information at my disposal. The list
is still a very meagre one compared with that of the English Lepidoptera;
but when it is considered that an addition of upwards of 300 species has
resulted from the very partial exploration of small districts in Dublin,
Galway, and Kerry—that three-fourths of the counties of Ireland, in-
cluding the whole of the great province of Ulster, and the entire coast
line of the island, except a small portion near Dublin, are up to the pre-
sent time terra incognita—I think the idea which has been entertained
that Ireland was singularly barren and unproductive in this order of in-
sects must be given up. It has probably arisen from the circumstance
that the Lepidoptera are not by any means so generally distributed as
in England. Over a large portion of the island grazing farms now ex-
tend, wood of any kind is very scarce, and stone walls take the place of
hedges. Such districts are not likely to possess a rich Lepidopterous
Fauna; but in very restricted localities, under more favourable condi-
tions, both species and individuals exist in extraordinary numbers. As
arule, if you find a species in Ireland, you may take it in plenty, but
you run a great risk of overlooking it entirely by ea the precise
spot where it alone occurs.

The lists of Tortrices and Tineze have been drawn up by my friend,
C. G. Barrett, and, although undoubtedly still very incomplete, include
150 species not previously recorded as indigenous.

DIURNI.

Leucophasia Sinapis—Abundant near Galway and at Killarney, but has
not been noticed in Ulster or em ah Only a June brood
has been observed.

Pieris Crateegi.Mr. Green inserts this species in the Irish list on the
authority of Mr: Hely. Ihave not met with it, and am
unable to say where it occurs.

», Brassice.—Generally distributed,
», Rape.— do.
», Napi.— do.

Anthocaris Cardamines.—Common. In May, 1860, I observed this
species in myriads at Sligo, reminding me of the migrating
clouds of tropical Callidryas.

Gonepteryx Rhamni.—Killarney ; apparently confined to the South of
Treland.

Colias Edusa.—Common in some seasons on the south and east coast;
occurs more rarely north of Dublin. In profusion at Kil-
larney in August, 1865.

BIRCHALL—CATALOGUE OF IRISH LEPIDOPTERA. 59

Colias Hyale.—In same localities as preceding species, but less fre-
quently.

Argynnis Paphia.—Common. Is very abundant at Killarney, and in

the county of Wicklow.

Aglaja.—Common; especially so on the sea coast near Dublin.

Lathonia.—Killarney. I took a specimen in the lane leading

from Muckross to Mangerton, near a limestone quarry on
the left of the road, August 10, 1864.

Meletza Artemis.—Common. Galway, Killarney, county of Wicklow.
», Athalia.—Kaillarney, abundant.

Vanessa Urticze.—Common.

Polychloros ?—A specimen seen near Galway in 1861 ; but as
the insect was not captured, and has not been observed else-
where, I insert it doubtfully.

Jo.—Common in Leinster, Munster, and Connaught, but appa-
rently rare in Ulster.

Antiopa.—A specimen captured near Killarney, July 21, 1865,
by W. G. Battersby.

Atalanta.—Common everywhere.

Cardui.—Ditto. Often to be found on the summits of moun-
tains.

Erebia Cassiope.—Croagh Patrick, near Westport. The locality for this
species is about halfway up the mountain on the Westport
side, in a grassy hollow, where a little hut is erected for
the shelter of the pilgrims. I captured a fine series here in
June, 1854.

Satyrus Ageria.

», Megeera.
» semele.
ae” 6 Janira.

Tithonus.—County of Wicklow, and near Cork.

Hyperanthus.—Rather local. I observed it in profusion near
Galway, and in Malahide Park.

’ Chortobius Davus.— Common in Galway, Mayo, and Kerry. All the
Irish and Scotch examples of this insect which I have seen
are the typical form of Davus of Fab. They may be distin-
guished from the variety which occurs on the bogs of the
North of England by their larger size, and the more or less
complete absence of the ocelli on the under surface of the
hind wings. The English variety is the Rothleibii of Ger-
man authors.

%5 Pamphilus.—Common everywhere.

Thecla Rubi.—Common in Dublin, Wicklow, and Kerry.

Querctis.— Do. do.

Betulee—Very common in the lanes and roadside hedges of the
South and West of Ireland in August, frequenting the
flowers of the bramble, and settling the moment the sun is
obscured, when it may readily be “taken with the fingers ;
has not been noticed in Ulster or Leinster.

2)

?)

)

—Generally abundant throughout the island.

be)

2)

60 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

Polyommatus Phleeas.—Common.
Lycena Agon.—The Murrough of Wicklow, and near Rostrevor.

,, Agestis:—Dundrum, near Dublin, Wicklow and Mourne Moun-

tains.

Alexis.—Common everywhere.

,, Corydon.—Mr. Greene inserts this species on Mr. Hely’s au-

thority. I have not met with it.

,, Alsus.—Very common in Galway; also occurs near Belfast,

and on the Portmarnock sand hills.

, Argiolus.—Generally abundant throughout Ireland, where the

holly, on which the larva feeds, is a very common tree.
Nemeobius Lucina.—In Mr. Tardy’s Collection, now incorporated with
that of Trinity College, Dublin, there are specimens of this
insect, but I am unable to say where captured; most pro-
bably in the county of Wicklow, a district he searched assi-
duously for many years. I have not met with the insect.
Thanaos Tages.—Hitherto only noticed near Galway.
Hesperia Sylvanus.—The Murrough of Wicklow.

be Linea.—Powerscourt, and near Cork.

It thus appears that only forty-three of the sixty-four British But-
terflies have been observed in Ireland; the twenty-one absentees may
be thus classified, following the divisions of Mr. H. C. Watson’s ‘ Cy-
bele Britannica’ :—

Argynnis Euphrosyne. ) Three species ofthe ‘‘ British Type,” so called
ae Selene: from the universal diffusion of the species
Syrichthus Alveolus. throughout Great Britain. I have little doubt

all three will eventually be found in Iveland, especially as
they occur in Scotland, from whence Ireland seems to a
large extent to have derived its insect population.
Thecla W. Album. ) Five species of the ‘‘ English Type.” None of |
Lyceena Acis. | them occur in Scotland, except A. Adippe. The
ae AON. pothers are most abundant in the South of Eng-
,, ©. Album. | land, and all decrease in frequency north-
Argynnis Adippe. J) wards.
Papilio Machaon.
Pieris Daphidice. |
Thecla Pruni.
Polyommatus Hippothoe.
Lyceena Adonis. Eleven species of the ‘“‘GermanicType,”’ all
Liminitis Sibylla. pabsent from Scotland, and mostly attached
Meliteea Cinxia. to the South-eastern portion of England.
Apatura Ivis.
Arge Galathea.
Hesperia paniscus. |
Pamphila comma. J
Hesperia Actzeon.—One species of the ‘“‘ Atlantic Type.” It is not im-
probable that this insect will be found on the south coast;
there is no part of the British Islands in which an Atlantic

BIRCHALL—CATALOGUE OF IRISH LEPIDOPTERA. 61

type of Fauna and Flora_is so strikingly developed as in
the South-western portion of Ireland.

Erebia Blandina.—One species of the ‘‘ Scottish, or Northern Type.”
As this insect is widely spread over the northern part of
Great Britain, and abounds in Argyleshire, almost within
sight of the Irish shores, I confidently anticipate its disco-
very in Ireland. I have never collected in Ulster, where it
will most likely be found. .

Enjoying, as Ireland does, a milder climate than any other portion
of the British Islands, the absence (if it should really prove such) of the
foregoing twenty-one Butterflies, of which sixteen are also absent from
Scotland, is a remarkable circumstance; and I know of nothing in
the physical condition, or in the Flora of the island, to explain it.

In the present imperfect state of our knowledge of Irish Lepidop-
tera, perhaps it 1s premature even to hazard a conjecture as to the
cause: if, however, we suppose the separation of Ireland from England
by the formation of St. George’s Channel to have taken place previously
to the introduction of the bulk of the present Fauna, and a connexion
to have subsisted with Scotland to a later date, it will offer an expla-
nation of the northern character of the Irish Fauna, which is very
strongly marked, even in the extreme south of the island, at Killarney,
amidst conditions of climate and vegetation offering the most complete
contrast with Scotland within the limits of the British Islands.

NocturnI.

Smerinthus ocellatus.— Widely distributed, but apparently rare.
oO Populi—common everywhere.

Acherontia Atropos—generally distributed, but not so ebaeden as

might have been expected in the metropolis of the potato plant.

Sphinx Convolvuli.—In 1859 very common in Dublin and adjoining

counties.

Ligustri.—Mr. Halliday has found the same, but I am unable to say

where.

Deilephila Galii—‘‘T wo specimens said to have been taken on the coast.”’
(Mr. Greene’s list).

EKuphorbiz—Inserted in the list by Mr. Green, on Mr. Hely’s
authority, who observed the larve at Killiney. The food
plant, Euphorbia Paralius, grows abundantly on many
parts of the Irish coast.

Lineata—Two specimens are in the Collection of Trinity
College, captured near Youghal, by the late Dr. Ball; and
I possess a pair taken near Killarney i in 1864, hovering
over a bed of Petunias.

Cherocampa Porcellus.— Widely distributed, and common.

> El penor.— Do. do.

Macroglossa Stellatarum.—Very common; seems to be on the wing

day and night for the greater part of the year. It fr equently

>

62 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

comes to sugared flowers in the evening; and once, about

midnight, it tapped for admission at the lantern of the Bailey
Lighthouse, and was secured.

Macroglossa Bombyliformis.—Common in suitable localities, especially
in the county of Wicklow.

Sesia Bembeciformis.—Common in the county of Wicklow ; also occurs

at Howth.

,, Apiformis.—Cork and Waterford, but has not been observed fur-

ther north.

Myopformis.— Dublin and Cork.

Formiciformis.—Mr. Halliday. No information as to locality.
Tipuliformis.—Common near Dublin.

Scolizeformis?—I have observed traces of a Sesia in the trunks

of the birch trees at Killarney, which I believe to be this species,
but have not yet obtained the insect.

Cossus Ligniperda.— Wicklow. Apparently scarce.

Hepialus Hectus.— Wicklow and Killarney. Common.

9)
be)

99

5 leluenyilict—— Do.

Lupulinus.—Common everywhere.
Sylvinus.—County of Wicklow, by Mr. Bristow.
Velleda.—Common everywhere.

Procris Statices.—Generally distributed, and common.
Zygena Minos (type).—Galway. I captured a considerable number of
this insect in a pasture near Galway in July, 1860.

99
sion wherever found.

Nubigena (variety).—Galway and Clare; local, but in profu-

The differences between Minos and Nubigena are, I think, sufficient
to justify the separation which has been made by Continental entomolo-

gists, and may be thus stated :—

Minos (Plate I., Fig. 5).

Imago appears middle of July; frequents
pastures.

Expansion of wing, 1} to 13 inch.

Abdomen, velvety; colour, steel-blue.

Fore wings—the red costal streak never
meets or overlaps the point of the discal
or central streak.

Tendency of variation is towards division
of the streaks into spots.

NvuBIcENA (Fig. 6).

Imago appears end of June; frequents
rocky places.

Expansion of wing, 1 inch 2 lines.

Abdomen covered with long, shaggy,
dead black hair.

Fore wings—the costal streak always
meets or overlaps point of discal streak.

Tendency of variation towards a suffusion
of the whole wing with red.

The specimens of Zygeena taken in Argyleshire, and noticed in the
‘“‘ Zoologist’’ for 1861, p. 7716, as Anos, are Nubigena. I possess a pair
of them, through the kindness of Professor Wyville Thomson.

Zygeena Trifolii.—Galway. Local.
Filipendule.—Lverywhere, but most common on the eastern

side of the island. It occurs on the same ground as Nubi-

99

gena, but in comparatively small numbers.

Nola Cucullatella.—Common.

BIRCHALL—CATALOGUE OF IRISH LEPIDOPTERA. 63

Nola Cristulalis— Wicklow. Mr. Barrett; also at Dublin and Howth.
» Strigula.—Kaillarney.

Nudaria Mundana.—Common.

Setina Irrorellaa—Common on the coast.

Calligenia Miniata.—Galway.

Lithosia Mesomella.—Mr. Greene’s list; locality unknown.

,, Aureola.—Abundant in Killarney.

,, Helveola.—Mr. Greene’s list; locality unknown.
», Complanuta.—Generally distributed.

ee tuulbricollig.—— Do.

Caniola (Pl. I., Fig. 4).—Discovered by Mr. Barrett in 1860, on the Hill
of Howth. Abundant, but extremely local. So far as at pre-
sent observed, it only occurs on one closely sheltered bank,
although its food plant (Lotus corniculatus) grows every-
where on the Hill. The larva feeds at night on the flowers
of the Lotus, preferring them to the leaves, though it will
eat the latter in confinement.

On the Continent it is understood to feed exclusively on lichens,
frequenting the roofs of houses and churches. Lichens of various
sorts abound at Howth, but the larve do not appear to eat it.

How this South European insect obtained a settlement on one point
of the Irish coast, and in no other part of the British Islands, is a curious
problem in Natural History. The extreme sensitiveness of the larve to
cold, the slightest frost (in confinement) proving fatal, gives the idea
of an insect not thoroughly acclimatized ; and it does not seem impro-
bable that it has been introduced in the larva state among moss or
lichen by some of the smugglers, for which this part of the coast was for-
merly notorious, and for whose repression a numerous Coast Guard is
still maintained, as the entomologist who attempts to use a lantern on
the cliffs of Howth will soon find to his cost. The Moth appears early
in August; it flies for about half an hour at dusk, and again in the
morning dawn. The males may be attracted abundantly by a bred fe-
male, and both sexes come freely to sugar.

Euchelia Jacobeea.— Very common.
Callimorpha dominula.—Mr. Halliday; locality not stated.
Euthemonia Russula.—Abundant on the heaths of south and west.
Chelonia Plantaginis.—Generally distributed.
», Caja—Common.
,, Willicaa—Mr. Greene’s list. I have not met with the in-
sect.
Arctia Fuliginosa.—Common.
», Mendica.—Mr. Greene’s list.
», Lubricipeda.—Common.
,, Menthastri.—Do., especially in the west.
Liparis Chrysorrhea.—Common.
P| AMriid = Do.
», salicis..— Do.

64 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

aap eet Dispar-Dr. Ball. I have turned out large numbers of the
larvee of this insect among the MMyrica Gale on the bogs at
Killarney.
», Monacha.—Not uncommon.
Orgyia Pudibunda.—Common.
,, Antiqua.— Do.

Demas Coryli.— Do.

Trichiura Crategi._-Killarney; but seems a scarce insect.

Peecilocampa Populi. —_Very common.

Eriogasta Lanestris.— Not scarce.

Bombyx Neustria.—Common.

Castrensis ?—Dr. Ball. Ido not know any locality for this
insect, and think it possible Dr. Ball mistook a variety
of B. Neustria for it, as no Irish specimen is extant.

> Bubr.—_:Common,

», Quercus, var. Callunee.—Abundant. Ihave not met with the
true Quercus in Ireland.

Trifolii.i—Mr. Tardy is said to have found the larve. I have
not met with the insect myself.

Odonestis Potatoria.—Common.

Kndromis Versicolor.—Larve on alder at Powerscourt.

Saturnia Carpini.—Common.

Seventy species only of the 108 British Nocturni appear to have yet
been noticed in Ireland. The poverty of the list is most marked in the
Sesidee and Lithoside, of which eight and eleven, respectively, of the Bri-
tish species are absent.

It may also be noted that all the fern insects—

Macrogaster Arundinis,
Nudaria Senex,
Lithosia Muscerda,
Arctia Urticee,
Orgyia Ceenosa,
are absent.
GEOMETR2,

Ourapteryx Sambucaria.—Common.
Epione Vespertaria.—Wicklow. Mr. Bristow.
» Apiciaria.— Do. Powerscourt.
Rumia Crateegata.—Common everywhere.
Venilia Maculata.—Common, especially at Powerscourt.
Angerona Prunaria.—Common.
Metrocampa Margaritata.— Very common.
Ellopia Fasciaria.—Howth and Killarney.
Eurymene Dolobraria.—Mr. Halliday’s list ; locality unknown.
Selene Illunaria.—Generally distributed.
,, Lunaria.—Powerscourt, by Mr. Barrett.
Odontopera bidentata. Common.

BIRCHALL—CATALOGUE OF IRISH LEPIDOPTERA. 65

Crocallis Elinguaria.—Common.
Ennomos Erosaria.— Cork and Kerry.

- Angularia.—Common.
Himera Pennaria.— Do.
Phigalia Pilosaria.— Do.

Nyssia Zonaria.—Malahide: larve from the Cheshire sandhills turned
out here have made themselves at home.

Biston hirtaria.— Wicklow.

Anphydasis Prodromaria.— Wicklow.

a Betularia.—Common.
Hemerophila Abruptaria.—County of Wicklow.
Cleora Viduaria.— Do. by Mr. Bristow.

,, Lichenaria.—Generally distributed, and common.

Boarmia Repandata.—Do., and very common. The variety, Conver-
saria of Hubner, which has a broad blackish bar across the
middle of all the wings, is common at Killarney.

as Rhomboidaria.—Counties of Dublin and Wicklow, but much

scarcer than Repandata.

ee Cinctaria.—Common at Killarney.

pe Roboraria.—County of Wicklow, by Mr. Bristow.
Tephrosia Consonaria.—Common. Wicklow and Kerry.

i Crepuscularia.—County of Wicklow, by Mr. Bristow.

" Biundularia.—Dublin and Wicklow.

a Punctulata.— Wicklow and Kerry.

- Gnophos Obscurata.—Generally distributed, and common.

Dasydia Obfuscata.—County of Wicklow, Mr. Bristow.

Pseudopterpna Cytisaria.—Generally distributed, and common.

Geometra Papilionarian—Common at Killarney, also in the county of

Wicklow.
Nemoria Viridata.—County of Wicklow, Mr. Bristow.
Todis Vernaria.—County of Down, do.

,, Lactearia.—Generally distributed.

Hemithea Thymiaria.—Galway.
Ephyra Porata.—Mr. Greene’s list.

7s Pendularta.._ Do.

,, Punctaria._-County of Wicklow.
Hyria Auroraria.—Common on the heaths of South and West.
Asthena Candidata.—Common.

s Sylvata.—_Wicklow and Galway.

Venusia Cambricaria._-Powerscourt. ~
Acidalia Scutulata.--Generally distributed, and common.
a Bisetata.— Do. do.

- Trigeminata.—Galway.

Rusticata.__Killarney, Dr. Battersby.

Bs Osseata.— Do.

" Incanaria.—Common.

», Promutata.—Cork and Kerry. Howth and Malahide, common.
” Subsericata.—Howth, common.

VOL. V. K

66 NATURAL HISTORY SOCLETY OF DUBLIN.

Acidalia Immutata.—Killarney, common.
As Remutata.—Do, and Wicklow.
», Fuamata.— Widely distributed.
», Imitaria.—Cork and Kerry.
», Strigillata——County of Wicklow, Mr. Bristow.
,, Aversata.—Common.
Inornata.—Kingstown, Killarney.
Timandra Amataria. —Galway and Kerry.
Cabera Pusaria.—Common everywhere.

» Exanthemaria.— Do.
Corycia Temerata.——Killarney, abundant.
» Laminatas— oo: do.
Macaria Notata. Do. do.

% Liturata.— Widely distributed.
Halia Wavaria.— Do.
Strenia Clathrata.— Do.

Panagra Petraria.— Wicklow, Mr. Bristow.
Numeria Pulvularia.—Powerscourt.
Scodiona Belgiaria.— Widely distributed and common.
Selidosema Plumaria.—Common at Killarney.
Fidonia Atomaria.—Common everywhere.
», Piniaria.—Mr. Greene’s list; locality unknown. I have not
met with the insect.
Scoria Dealbata.—Killarney.
Sterrha Sacrariaan—Do. One specimen, 1864, at Killarney.
Aspilates Strigillaria.— Very abundant.
3 Citraria.—Powerscourt.
3 Gilvaria.—Do., and Galway.
Abraxas Grossulariata—Common.
" Ulmata.—County of Wicklow, Mr. Bristow.
Ligdia Adustata.—County of Wicklow.
Lomaspilis Marginata.a—Common.
Hybernia Rupicapraria.—Common.

+ Leucophearia.— Do.
i Aurantiaria.— Do.
5 Progemmaria.-— Do.
a Defoliaria.—— Do.
Anisopteryx Adscularia— Do.
Cheimatobia Brumataw— Do.
Operabia Dilutata.— Do.
Larentia Didymata.— Do.

55 Multistrigaria.—Dublin.
5 Cesiata.—Generally distributed.
< Salicata.—Galway, by Mr. Wallace.
- Olivata.—Common.
x Pectinitaria.—Do.
Emmelesia Alchermillata.— Do.
< Albulata.— Do.

BIRCHALL——CATALOGUE OF IRISH LEPIDOPTERA. 67

Emmelesia Decolorata.—Powerscourt.
_ Teeniata.—Common at Killarney.

May be beaten freely from holly trees, but I believe only seeks
them for the purpose of concealment.

The larve, at present unknown, will probably be found to feed on
the seed vessels of Selene inflata, which is a common plant in the dis-
trict.

Emmelesia Unifasciata,—Taken at Kingstown by Mr. Greene.

Br Ericetata.—Mourne Mountains; very local.
i¢ Blandiata—Common near Galway. Killarney, by Dr.
Wallace.

Kupithecia Venosata.—Generally distributed ; very common at Howth.
bs Pulchellata.—Kingstown. Mr. Greene.

- Centaureata.—Common.

ae Succenturiata.— Howth.

s Subfulvata.—Common.

“ Subumbrata.—Galway, common.
vf Plumbeolata.—Killarney, common.
A Haworthiata.—Do. do.

Pygmeata.— County of Wicklow, Galway, and Portmarnock.
- Arcuthata.— Killarney.

Ps Satyrata.—Generally distributed, and common.

e Castigata.— Do. do.

afi Denotata.—Killarney, Dr. Wallace.

% Innotata.—Wicklow, Mr. Bristow.

‘ Constrictata.—Generally distributed:and common.

* Nanata.— Do. do.
A Subnotata.— Do. do.
7 Vulgata.— Dor do.

7s Expalidata.— Wicklow. Mr. Bristow.
m Absynthiata.—Common.

45 Minutata.—Common.
5 Assimilata.—Do. Dublin.
os Virgaureata.— Do.

; Trisignata.— Howth.
33 Tenuiata.—Killarney.

- Abbreviata.—Common.

Be Exiguata.— Wicklow, Dublin.

es Sobrinata.—Commonly at Kingstown, by Mr. Greene.
Pumilata.—Generally distributed, and common.

ss Coronata.—Dublin and Wicklow.

Pe Rectangulata.—Do. do.

Debiliata.—Very abundant at Killarney.
Lobophora Sexalata.—Dr. Ball; locality unknown.
Me Viretata.—Common at Killarney.
Thera Simulata.—Common.
» Variata.— Do.

68 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

Ypsipetes Impluviata.__Pupe at Rathfarnham under moss on alders, by
Mr. Greene.

Elutata.—-Generally distributed, and common.
Melanthia Rubiginata.—Dublin and Wicklow; not uncommon.
Ocellata.a— Do. do.

5§ Albicillata.— Wicklow, Kerry, and Galway.
Melanippe Hastata.—Kaillarney. Common.

Tristata.— Widely distributed, and common.
Unangulata.—Belfast, Mr. Bristow.
Rivata.—Cork, Mr. Clear.
Subtristata.—_Common.

Montanata.—Very common.

99

Re Galiata.— Do., on the coast.
Fluctuata.— Very common.
mticles Badiata.— Do.
» Derivata.— Wicklow, common.

Coremia Munitata.—Belfast, Mr. Bristow.
», Propugnata.—Powerscourt, abundant.

5 Ferrugata.—Generally distributed, and common.

» Unidentaria.— Do. do.
»» Quadrifasciariaa—Specimens in the Belfast Museum ; locality
unknown.

Camptogramma Bilineata.-—-Generally distributed, and very common.
Fluviata— Howth and Malahide.
Phibalapteryx Lignata.—County of Wicklow, Mr. Bristow.
Scotosia Dubitata.__Kingstown, by Mr. Greene.
», Certata.—Malahide.
», Undulata.—Powerscourt.
Cidaria Psittacata.a—Common in the county of Wicklow.

» Miata. Do. do. Howth.
» Corylata.—County Wicklow, common.
», Russata.— Do. do.

», Lmmanata.—Killarney and Galway, abundant.
» suffumata.--Abundant, and generally distributed.
do

5» Silaceata.—— Do.

eo erunatas— Do. do.
» Lestata.— Do. do.
», Populata.— Do. do.
» Fulvata.—— Do. do.

»» Pyraliata.—Powerscourt, Howth.
», Dotata.—Cork, Kingstown, and Powerscourt.
Pelurga Comitata.—Common at Howth.

Eubolia Cervinaria.— Do. do.
» Mensuraria—Common.
» Palumbaria.— Do.

», Bipunctaria.—Mr. Greene’s list; no locality given.

», Lineolata.—On Mangerton Mountain, near Killarney, at acon-
siderable elevation—a strange ‘locality for this coast~
loving insect.

BIRCHALL—CATALOGUE OF IRISH LEPIDOPTERA, 69

Carsia _Imbutata.—Howth.

Anaitis Plagiata.—Generally distributed, and common.
Chesias Spartiata.— Mr. Tardy’s collection.

Tanagra Cherophyllata._-Very common.

192 species of the 269 Geometre in the British list. Of the genus
Phibalapteryx there is only one representative. Twelve of the Bri-
tish Acidaliz, and 16 of the British Hupithecie, have not yet been
observed in Ireland.

DREPANULZ.
Platypteryx Lacertula—Common. Wicklow and Kerry. |
a Falcula.—— Do. Kerry.
Cilix Spinula.— Do.

Psrupo-BomByces.
Dicranura Vinula.—Common.
# Furcula.—Not uncommon, and widely distributed.
= Bifida.— Do. do.
Petasia Cassinea.—Dr. Ball.
Pygera Bucephala.— Very common.
Clostera Curtula.—Larve near Clonmel.
Anachoreta.—Larve turned out at Howth, and I believe are
likely to effect a permanent settlement.
» teclusa.—Generally distributed.
Ptilodontis Palpina—County of Wicklow. Mr. Bristow.
Notodonta Camelina.—Abundant at Powerscourt and Killarney.

39

5 Bicolora.—Killarney ; several specimens taken by the late
P. Bouchard.
Notodonta Dictzea.— County of Wicklow, not uncommon.
i Dictzoides.— Do. do.
i Dromedarius.— Do. do.
* Tritophus.—Larvee at Howth on alder, by Mr. Shield.
Ziczac.—Not uncommon.
- Trepida.— Not uncommon in the county of Wicklow.
_ Chaonia.—I have a specimen taken at Killarney. It has

also occurred in the county of Wicklow.
‘s Dodonea.—Not uncommon at Killarney.
Diloba Cceruleocephala.—Generally distributed, but apparently not

abundant.
Noctuz.
Thyatira Derasa.—Very common. Killarney, Wicklow, Galway, and
Howth.
» Batis.-— Do. do.
Cymatophora Duplaris.—Killarney.
-. Fluctuosa.— Do.
Diluta.— Do.

)

” Or.—Dr. Ball. No locality known to me.

70 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

Cymatophora Ocularis —Powerscourt. Mr. Greene.
Flavicornis.—Common.

Bryophila Perla.— Do.

Acronycta Tridens.—Dublin and Galway.

Psi.—Common.

6 Leporina.— Wicklow and Kerry ; common.

03 Aceris.—Galway.

- Megacephala.—Common.

Mh Alni.— Wicklow, one specimen.

A Ligustri,—Galway, not uncommon.

ie Rumicis.— Very common.
Myrice.—Killarney, by Dr. Battersby.
Leucania Conigera.— Very common, and generally distributed.
a Lythargyria.—
4 Obsoleta.—-County of Wikio, Mr. Bristow.
Fe Littoralis._-Common on the eastern coast.
an Pudorina.—Abundant at Killarney.
He Comma.— Very common.
s Impura.— Do.
ar Pallens.— Do.
Phragmitidis.—_Said to have been taken near Belfast.
Nonasria Despecta. —Galway and County of Wicklow, common.
oe Fulva.— Widely distributed.
Concolor.—Mr. Greene’s list.
Typhe.— Wicklow, Mr. Bristow.
Gortyna flavago.—Common, ami widely distributed.
Hydreecia Nictitans.— Do. do.
Petasitis—Howth. Mr. Dunlop.
Micacea. Common, and widely pape

dr)

y7)

ey)

Axylia Putris.— Do.
Xylophasia Rurea.— Widely distributed, aiid common.
ey. Lithoxylea— Do. do.

Sublustris—Very abundant near Galway; also taken near
Dublin by Mr. Barrett.
Polyodon.—Common everywhere.
03 Hepatica.— Powerscourt.
Neurica Saponariz.—Mr. Greene’s list ; “no locality known to me.
Heliophobus Popularis.—Generally distributed, and common.

9

9?

Chareeas Graminis.—— Do. do,
Cerigo Cytherea.— Do. do.
Luperina Testacea.— Do. do.

‘s Cespitis.—Abundant on the coast near Dublin.
Mamestra Abjecta.— Do. near Waterford.

F Anceps.—Common on the Dublin coast.

. Albicolon.— Do.

Furva.— Do.

Brassicee.—Common everywhere.
Persicarie.—Near Dublin, Mr. Shield.

BIRCHALL—CATALOGUE OF IRISH LEPIDOPTERA. an

Apamea Basilinea.—Generally distributed, and common.

Gemina.—Very common near Galway.

Unanimis.—Dublin and Wicklow.

Ophiogramma.—-One specimen in the collection of Trinity
College, captured by Mr. Tardy ; locality unknown.

Fibrosa.—Abundant at Killarney ; and has occurred at Belfast.

Oculea.—Common everywhere.

Miana Strigilis.— Do.

9?
3)

9?

?

Fasciuncula.z— © Do.
Literosa.--Common on the coast.
Furuncula.—Very abundant. The variety Rufuncula of Ha-

worth occurs very commonly at Howth. The wings are
uniformly clay-coloured, without lines or spots, and the
insect has a strong superficial resemblance to Nonagria Cin-
color.

Expolita—Common near Galway. The Irish specimens are

smaller and much more richly coloured than any English
ones I have seen.

Celeena Haworthii.—Common on the Dublin and Wicklow Mountains.
Grammesia Trilinea.—Common in most places.

Caradrina Blanda.— Do.
Ba Cubicularis.— Do.
Rusina Tenebrosa.—— Do.

Agrotis Valligera.—Abundant on the coast.

Suffusa.— Wicklow and Howth.

Saucia.—Dublin in 1855.

Segetum.—Too common everywhere.

Lunigera.—Common at Howth; has also occurred at Cork.

Exclamationis.__A bundant everywhere.

Corticea.— Widely distributed, and not uncommon.

Ripz.—Malahide sandhills.

Cursoria.—Do., very abundant.

Nigricans.—Do., and Howth.

Tritici.—Common everywhere on the coast.

Aquilina.—-Malahide sandhills.

Obelisca.—Abundant at Howth-—frequents the higher slopes of
the hill, where it may be taken freely from the Ragweed
flowers in August, in company with Lunigera. Although
Tritici swarms at the foot of the hill and along the shore,
it rarely intrudes on the more aristocratic society of the
higher levels.

Agathina.—Howth and Wicklow. Taken not uncommonly
by sweeping the heath at night in August and September.

Porphyrea.—Very common at Howth, secreting itself by day
among the broken limestone shale.

Preecox.—Common on the sandhills of the Dublin coast.

Ravida.—Mr. Greene’s list. Locality of capture unknown to me.

Lucernea.— Very common at Howth.

72 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

Triphena Ianthina.—Abundant in most localities.
>» Limbra.— Do.
», AInterjecta.— Do.

Subsequa.—-I captured two specimens of this rare species at
sugar, near Galway, in August, 1858.

Orbona.—Common everywhere.

» Pronuba.— Do.
Noctua Glareosa.—Widely distributed, and frequently common.
» Augur.— Do.
,, Plecta.— Do.
» C. Nigrum.—— Do.
ss Ditrapezium. —I captured a pair at Sugar, near Galway, in
July, 1857.
,, Triangulum.—Common in most localities.
* Brunnea a= Do.
», Festiva.— Do.

Noctua Dahli.—Howth and Killarney.
Rubi.—-Howth, abundant.
Umbrosa.—_Common in most places.
Baja.—— Do.
Neglecta.--Galway. |
Zanthographa.—Common everywhere.
Teeniocampa Gothica.— Do.
Rubricosa—County of Wicklow. Mr. Bristow.
Instabilis—Common.
Populeti.--Wicklow and Killarney.
Stabilis—Common.
Gracilis.-—Killarney.

Munda.—— Do.

Cruda.—Very common.

Orthosia Ypsilon.--County Wicklow.
Lota.—Common, and widely distributed.

}?)

if Macilenta.— Do. do.
Anchocelis Rufina.— Do. do.
Fe Pistacina.— Do. do.

- Lunosa.— Do. do.

ee Litura.— Do. do.
Cerastis Vaccinil.—— Do. do.

5, Spadicea.~—County Wicklow. Mr. Bristow.
Scopelosoma Satellitia.--Common.
Dasycampa Rubiginea.__ Widely distributed. I have taken specimens
at Dublin, Tullamore, and Killarney.
Hoporina Croceago._-County Wicklow.
Zanthia Citrago.— Do.
Cerago.—_Do. Common.
Silago.— Wicklow and Dublin; not uncommon.
Aurago.—Mr. Haughton. Locality unknown.
Ferruginea._-Common everywhere.

BIRCHALL—CATALOGUE OF IRISH LEPIDOPTERA. 73

Euperia Fulvago.—-Mr. Greene’s list. No locality known to me.
Cosmia Trapezina.--Common everywhere.
,, Affinis.-—Powerscourt.
Dianthecia Carpophaga.—Mr. Greene’s list. All the Irish specimens
I have seen are referrible to the following species :—
Capsophila (Fig. 9).—First captured by Mr. Barrett in June,
1860—See ‘‘ Zoologist,” p. 7324; occurs commonly on
the Hill of Howth, but has not yet been found elsewhere.

The larva feeds on the unripe seeds of Silene maritima from June
to August; and the moth, though only single-brooded, is on the wing
for the greater part of the same period.

There has been much discussionas to the claims ofthis insect to be con-
sidered a species distinct from Carpophaga, some of the darker varieties
of which from Scotland approach Capsophila both in form and colour.
The larve of Carpophaga and Capsophila, like the perfect insect, differ
principally in colour——Capsophila in both cases being the darker. The
larvee of Capsincola and Conspersa are, however, equally difficult to sepa-
rate, and their slight variations in the larva state seem to be characte-
ristic of the Dianthzecize, and alone are insufficient to enable us to dis-
eriminate the species. Some may suppose that the common origin of
the various species of the genus is indicated by these slight differences
in the larva state; but for the purpose of classification Carpophaga
and Capsophila seem to me abundantly distinct, and must be so {re-
corded.

??

Dianthecia Capsincola.—Generally distributed, and common.

Cucubali.—Howth and Killarney ; not uncommon.

Barrettii (Fig. 7).—This fine insect, discovered at Howth by
Mr. Barrett, in June, 1861, and described by H. Doubleday
in the ‘‘ Entomological Annual’ for 1864, p. 124, is not
known to have occurred either in England or upon the
Continent ; four specimens have been captured—the first,
a male, by Mr. Barrett; and the others, one male and
two females, by myself. The larva has not yet been
discovered ; it will probably be found to feed either on
the leaves or seeds of Silene maritima in July.

Conspersa.—Belfast. Mr. Bristow.

Compta (Fig. 8).—A pair of this well-known Continental
species, taken in Ireland by Mr. Tardy, are in the collec-
tion of Trinity College ; but I am unable to indicate the
exact locality of their capture. The insect has long been a
reputed British species, and I confidently anticipate its
admission to our lists when Dublin collectors bestir them-
selves a little. Ireland appears to be peculiarly rich
in the genus Dianthecia, producing eight species, whilst
only four are known to occur in Great Britain.

Hecatera Dysodea.—Mr. Greene’s list; locality not stated.

», Serena.—County Wicklow ; Howth.
VOL. V. L

LP

3)

)

74 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

Polia Chi.—Generally distributed, and common.
», Flavocincta.-—County Wicklow.
Dasypolia TernpliimCommon at Howth.
Epunda Lutulenta.—County Wicklow; Mr. Bristow.
», Wiminalis.—Belfast; also at Killarney.
», Lichenea.—Common at Howth.
Miselia Oxyacanthe.—Abundant in most places.
Agyriopis Aprilina._-Dublin and Wicklow; common.
Phlogophora Meticulosa.—Common everywhere.
Kuplexia lucipara._-Common everywhere.
Aplecta herbida.-- Widely distributed, and common in many places.
ee pilosa Do. do.
Hadena Satura.—County Wicklow. One specimen by Mr. Bristow.
», Adusta.—Very common, and widely distributed.
», Protea.-—County Wicklow, common.
5, Dentina.—Widely distributed, and often very common.
,, Chenopodii.—Near Dublin, by Mr. Greene.
Ap Suasa.—County Wicklow ; not common.
,, Oleracea.—Common.
5° Pisi.— Do.
;, Lhalassina.— Do.
», Contigua.—Wicklow and Killarney ; common.
5, Geniste.—County Wicklow; not common.
Rectilinea.—Killarney ; not uncommon.
Xylocampa Lithoriza.—Common on the coast, Wicklow.
Calocampa Vetusta.—— Do. and Dublin.
Exoleta.—— Do. do.
Xylina Rhizolitha.—Common at Killarney; also occurs in the county
of Wicklow, but rarely.
ie Petrificata.— Widely distributed, and frequently abundant.
I once saw an ivy bush near Tullamore swarming with
this insect.
Cucullia Verbasci.—Dublin and Wicklow; common.

», Chamomille.— Do. do.

,, | Umbratica.——-Generally distributed, and common.
Anarta Myrtilli.— Do. do.
Erastria Fuscula.__In profusion at Killarney.

Bankia Argentula.— Do.
Hydrelia Unca.— Do.

Any one who has traversed the bogs of the county of Kerry in the
early part of June will not soon forget the astonishing numbers of the
three last named insects, which rise around him as he pushes his way
through the thick growth of Myrica gale.

Abrostola Urticee— Widely distributed, and common.
4 Triplasia.— Do. do.

Plusia Chrysitis.— Do. do.
,, Bractea.—County Wicklow.

BIRCHALL—CATALOGUE OF IRISH LEPIDOPTERA. 75

Plusia Festucsee.— Widely distributed, and common.

» lota— Do. do.

» Vv. Aureum.— Do. do.
= ,, Gamma— Do. do.
Gonoptera Libatrix.— Do. do.
Amphipyra Pyramidea.— Killarney ; common.

o Tragopogonis.—Generally distributed, and common.

Mania Typica.— Do. do.

oe Nears — Do. do.

Stilbia Anomala.—Howth; not uncommon.

Catocala Fraxini.—A specimen captured at Kingstown, by Mr. Greene.
Re Nupta.—Dr. Ball’; locality unknown to me.

Ophiodes Lunaris.—Two specimens captured at Killarney by the late

P. Bouchard, in 1864.

Euclidia Mi.— Widely distributed, and common.
», Glyphica.— Do. do.

Phytometra Ainca.— Do. do.

Although the foregoing list contains 200 of the 304 British species
of Noctuze, I look upon it as still very incomplete. It may be noted
that of the Heliothidze only one species—Anarta Myrtilli—has been
observed; and it is possible that the cloudy skies of Ireland are ill
adapted to the tastes of this sun-loving family ; but, whilst hundreds of
square miles of bog and marsh remain unexplored, it is impossible to
believe that thirteen of the British Leucanide are not to be found in
Ireland. The probability is, that a proper search would result in the
discovery, not only of most of these insects, but of other and unknown
species.

Irish specimens of Noctue are generally more richly coloured and
darker than specimens captured in England, as is also the case with
Noctuz from Scotland. Possibly the moister climate of the northern
and western portions of the United Kingdom may in some degree ac-
count for this ; but, taken in connexion with the occurrence of such spe-
cies as Acronycta Myrice and Hadena rectilinea in the extreme South
of Ireland, this similarity between Scotch and Irish insects seems to
point to the northern origin of many of the Irish Lepidoptera.

CRAMBITES.

Crambus Pratellus.—Common everywhere.
# Adipellus—Killarney, by Bouchard.
J Hamellus.— Do. do.
¥ Pascuellus.—Common everywhere.
# Margaritellus.—Galway.
Ao Pinetellus.—Killarney, and at Blarney, by Me Hogan.
a Perlellus.-Very abundant.
8 Selasellus.—Belfast ; Mr. Hogan.

. Tristellus.—Very common. i
a Geniculellus.—Abundant on the Dublin coast.
b: Culmellus.—Common everywhere.

S Hortuellus.— Do.

76 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

Schenobius Forficellus.—Killarney.
Anerastia Lotella.—Malahide, common; Portmarnock.
Homeeosoma Sinuella.—Howth, do.
* Nimbella.—Malahide and Wicklow coast; Howth.
3 Nebulella.— Do.
4 Eluviella.— Howth.
Ephestia Elutella.—Very common.
Phycis Carbonariella——Generally distributed, and common.
» Dilutella—Galway and Howth, June, July, and August.
» Ornatella—Howth, in September.
Melia Sociella.—Common everywhere.
Galleria Cerella._-Common.
Meliphora Alveariella,—Do.

DELTOIDES.

Hypena Proboscidalis.—Common.
» Rostralis—Mr. Greene’s list; locality unknown.
», Crassalis—Common in the South.
Schrankia Turfosalis.—Do. . Killarney.
Rivula Sericealis.—Abundant, and widely distributed.
Herminia Barbalis.—Mr. Greene’s list; locality unknown.

3 Tarsipennalis.—Galway.
er Grisealis.—Kingstown.
PYRALIDES.

Pyralis Farinalis.—_Common everywhere.
Aglossa Pinguinalis.— Do.
Pyrausta Punicealis—Mr. Greene’s list.
,, Purpuralis—Common.
i, Ostrinalis.— Do.
Rhodaria Sanguinalis.—Galway ; abundant, but local.
Herbula Cespitalis—Common, and widely distributed.
Ennychia Octomaculalis.—Do. do.
Endotricha Flammealis.—Galway.
Cataclysta Lemnalis.—Common.
Paraponyx Stratiotalis.—Do.
Hydrocampa Nymphealis.—Do.
Stagnalis.—Do.

Botys ’Pandalis. —Galway.

», Verticalis.—Mr. Greene’s list ; locality unknown.

», Fuscalis. Common everywhere.

» Urticalis.— Do.
Ebulea Crocealis.—Dublin, Wicklow, Galway, and Howth.

», Sambucalis.—Common.
Pionea Forficalis.__Common everywhere.

,, Stramentalis.—Common ; Cavan and Killarney.
Spilodes Sticticalis—-Howth, by Dr. Wright.
Scopula Lutealis.—Howth.

<i
~I

BIRCHALL—CATALOGUE OF IRISH LEPIDOPTERA.

Scopula Olivalis.— Common everywhere.

», Prunalis.— Do.

», Ferrugalis.—Abundant on the coast near Dublin.
Stenopteryx Hybridalis—Common in most places.
Scoparia Ambigualis.—Powerscourt ; common.

», Cembralis.—Howth, July.

», Pyralalis—Common everywhere.

» Muralis—Belfast; Mr. Hogan.

,, Lineolalis.—Galway, August; Howth (Shield).

», Mercurialis.—Common.

,, Cratzgalis—Howth, July.

. ,, Resinalis.—Powerscourt, August.

», Coarctalis—Dublin, Howth, August, September ; and in May

and June, hybernated specimens.

ToRTRICES.

Halias Prasinana.— Wicklow.
», Quercana— Do. Inserted in Mr. Hogan’s list on the au-
thority of Mr. Tardy, but supposed to be an error.

-Tortrix Pyrastrana.—Dublin ; common.

» Crategana. —Killarney.

is Xylosteana. —Dublin and Wicklow; plentiful.

ae Rosalia Do. do.

», Heparana.— Do. ; common in Cork ?

,, Ribeana.—Generally common.

,, Corylana.—Mr. Hogan’s list; probably near Cork.

» Unifasciana.—Wicklow, common; Belfast.
,, Wiburnana.—Killarney.
» Iecterana.—Howth and Sutton; near Dublin.

», Viridana.—Generally common.
,, Munistrana.—Newtownlimavady, county of Derry.
Adjunctana.— Howth.
Dichelia Grotiana.—- Powerscourt, county of Wicklow; common.
Amphysa Gerningana —Wicklow Mountains ?
Leptogramma Literana.——-Killarney.
Peronea Favillaceana.—Howth.
» Rufana.-- Do.
», Mixtana.—-Powerscourt.
» schalleriana.— Wicklow Mountains ?
» Permutana.—Howth, on the cliffs.
,, Variegana.— Do. plentiful.
» Cristana.—Belfast.
,, Umbrana.—Wicklow Mountains ?
,» Ferrugana.— Do. and Killarney.
» Tristana.—Belfast.
Aspersana.— Howth.
Teras Caudana. —Blarney, county of Cork; Belfast.
,, Contaminana.—Belfast ; Howth.

78 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

Dictyopteryx Leeflingiana.—Galway.

a Holmiana.—Belfast.

Bergmanniana—Common everywhere. ,
Argyrotoza Conwayana.—Abundant in Galway and Wicklow.
Ptycholoma Lecheana.—Killarney.

Penthina Betuletana.—Wicklow Mountains; Hollywood, county of

Down.
5 Prelongana.—Killarney.
., Pruniana.—Abundant everywhere.
- Cynosbana.—Dublin and Cork?
49 Ochromelana.—Killarney.
Sauciana. Do.

Spilonota Amcenana.—Howth, abundant, and on the sandhills.

- Suffusana. — Belfast ?

a Roborana.—Howth ; common.
Pardia Tripunctana.—Counties of Dublin and Wicklow ; common.
Aspis Udmanniana.—Dublin coast, common.
Sericoris Littorana.—Howth; plentiful at the foot of the cliffs.

& Ceespitana.—-Do. ; abundant on the top of the cliffs. |

45 Conchana.—Do.

», Lacunana.—Common everywhere.

» Urticana.— Do.
Mixodia Schulziana.—Howth; Mourne Mountains, county of Down.
Roxana Arcuana.—Cork ?
Euchromia Purpurana.—Howth.
Orthotenia Antiquana.—Do.; Wicklow Mountains.
Cnephasia Lepidana.—Galway.

Hs Musculana.— Wicklow Mountains.
Sciaphila Subjectana._-Common everywhere. The variety ? Passivana
is common at Howth.

> Virgaureana.—Dublin coast ; common.

- Alternana.—Howth ; Wicklow.

Hybridana.—Dublin.

3 Colquhounana.— Howth, on the cliffs.
Sphaleroptera Ictericana.— Killarney.
Capua Ochraceana.——Do. Wicklow Mountains.
Clepsis Rusticana.—Do.
Bactra Lanceolana.—Howth; abundant.

», Furfurana.—Killarney.
Phoxopteryx Siculana.—Killarney.

- Uncana.—Belfast.
a Biarcuana.—Galway.
- Myrtillana.—Wicklow Mountains; Belfast.
a Lundana.—Common everywhere.
a Mitterbacheriana.—Roebuck, near Dublin; Belfast; Gal-
way.
Grapholita Paykulliana.— Wicklow Mountains.
i: Nigromaculana.—Howth; Wicklow ?

We Es eal

BIRCHALL—CATALOGUE OF IRISH LEPIDOPTERA. 79

Grapholita Trimaculana.—Dublin.— Wicklow. ?
5! Penkleriana.—Belfast.

- Neevana.—— Do.
Ms Geminana.— Wicklow Mountains.
Phleodes Tetraquetrana.__Generally common.
- Immundana.— Wicklow Mountains.
Hypermecia Augustana.—Dublin; Killarney; common.
Batodes Angustiorana.— Do.

Peedisca Corticana.— Howth.
», Solandriana.—Do. Killarney.
Ephippiphora Bimaculana.— Belfast ?
ce Cirsiana.—Coast near Dublin.
a Scutulana.—Dublin; Galway. .
sy Brunnichiana.— Howth (abundant); Wicklow Mountains ;
Dingle, county of Kerry.
Trigeminana.—Howth ; plentiful.
Olindia Ulmana. —Galway.
Semasia Spiniana.—Howth.
» Janthinana.—Cork ? and Wicklow Mountains ?
as Rufillana.—Galway.
», Weberiana.—Belfast.
Coccyx Vacciniana.__Howth.
Retinia Pinivorana.—Hollywood, county of Down; Galway.
Carpocapsa Pomonana.—Cork ?
Endopisa Nebritana.— Wicklow Mountains ?
per onole Perlepidana.—Raheny, county of Dublin.
- Regiana.— Roebuck, near Dublin.
oo Germarana. — Killarney.
Dicrorampha Petiverana._-_Howth (abundant). Cork?
¥s Ulicana.— On the slopes of the Drogheda Railway, near
Dublin.
2 Saturnana.— Howth.
e Plumbagana.—Drogheda Railway, near Dublin.
a Acuminatana.—Howth.
Ls Senectana.— Do., and Galway; common.
$3 Simpliciana.—Sutton, near Dublin.
Consortana.— Do.
Pyrodes Rhediana.—Dublin; Hollywood, county of Down.
Catoptria Albersana. — Killarney.
», Ulicetana.—Abundant everywhere.
i Microgrammana._-Near Wicklow.
,, Hypericana._--Wicklow Mountains.
a Parvulana.—Howth.
-Hohenwarthiana.—Do.
Trycheris Mediana.—Generally distributed.
Choreutes Scintillulana.—Hollywood, county of Down.
Xylopoda Fabriciana._-Abundant everywhere.
Lobesia Reliquana.—Killarney.

80 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

Lobesia Albicapitana (Fig. 1).—Howth.

,, Atricapitana— Do., and other parts of the Dublin

coast.
Maculosana.— Do.
Hybridellana.—Howth.
Angustana.—Generally distributed.
Subroseana.—Killarney.
Xanthosetia Zoegana.—-Generally distributed.
Hamana. Do.

Argyr olepia Baumanianna.—-Galway and Belfast.
Badiana.—Howtb.
Cnicana.— Do.
Cochylis Francillana.— Do., abundant.
Dilucidana.— Do., and Sutton.

a; Stramineana.— Dor common; Belfast.
Aphelia Pratana.—- Do., and Wicklow Mountains.
Tortricodes Hyemana.—-Lambay.

ES)

99

TINE.

Diurnea Fagella— Wicklow Mountains, common; Belfast ?

Psyche Roboricolella.— Howth ; the cases on the rocks in profusion.

Psychoides Verhuellella.—Killarney.

Diplodoma Marginepunctella.— Wicklow Mountains.

Ochsenheimeria Birdella.— Portmarnock, near Dublin; Dingle Bay;

Hollywood.
Scardia Chorargella.— Holly wood.
Emortuella.—Dublin and Howth.
» Granella.—Dublin and Belfast.
», Cloacella— Do., do.
,» Arcella.——Belfast.

Tinea Ferruginella—Howth, on the cliffs.

Rusticella— Do., and Dublin.

Tapetiella.__Common everywhere.

Misella.---Dublin; in cellars and vaults, among the matted
erowth of fungus on the walls.

Pellionella.__Common everywhere.

Dubiella.— Dublin.

Fuscipunctella——Do., common.

Pallescentella.— Do.

Merdella.— Do., in houses.

Biselliella.—Do.

Nigripunctella.—Do.

Confusella (Fig. 83).—Howth—the only known British locality.
It flits among, and runs up the stems of the grass on the
cliffs, and probably feeds on fungi in the same situations.

Lampronia Quadripunctella.— Howth.

~ Luzella.—

Do.
Prelatella. —Killarney.

399

3

BIRCHALL——-CATALOGUE OF IRISH LEPIDOPTERA. 81

Lampronia Rubiella.—Killarney, and Hollywood.
Tncurvaria Masculella.— Malahide, near Dublin; Wicklow Mountains ;
Belfast ?
a Zinckenella.—Killarney.
ie Capitella.—Belfast ?
Micropteryx Calthella— Wicklow Mountains.

4 Seppella.—Of general occurrence.
3 Allionella.—Lough Bray, county of Dublin; Blackstones,
Killarney.
- Semipurpurella.— Wicklow Mountains.
mH Unimaculella.— Do.
Subpurpurella.— Do.
N emophora Swammerdamella.— Do.

5 Schwarziella.— Do., Lough Bray.

Metaxella.—Belfast.
Adela De Geerella.— Killarney.
Swammerdamia Comptella—Cork, Wicklow Mountains, Galway.
a Ceesiella—Dublin coast ; common.
Pyrella.— Dublin and Howth ; ; common.
Scythropia Crateegella,—Cork ?
Yponomeuta Padella.—Belfast.
= Cognatella——Dublin, Hollywood, Blarney.
aa Evonymella.—Belfast.
Prays Curtisella.— Do., and Howth.
Plutella Xylostella.— A bundant everywhere.
», Porrectella.—Dublin, in gardens.
,, Annulatella—Howth, on the cliffs; much more brightly co-
loured than specimens taken in England.

Cerostoma Radiatella— Wicklow Mountains.

5 Costella.—Killarney.
Harpipteryx Harpella.—Belfast ?
Phibalocera Quercella.—Generally common.
eee saris Costosella.— Howth ; abundant.

- Liturella— _Do., and Kerry.

ei Umbellella— Do.

- Assimilellaa— Do.

a Nanatella— Do.
a8 Atomella,— Do.
a Arenella, — Do.

Subpropinquella——Raheny, county of Dublin.
7 Rhodochrella.— Howth.
Alstroemeriella.—Dublin coast.
Vaccinella.— Wicklow Mountains; Clonmel.
Capreolella.— Howth.
Conterminella.—Do.
Ocelella.— Belfast.
Yeatiella.—Howth.
e Applanella.—Abundant everywhere.

M

82

NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DURLIN.

Depressaria Rotundella.—Howth, at the foot of the cliffs.

3)

Nervosella.—Cork ?
Badiella.—Dingle, county of Kerry ; Howth.
Heracliella.—Common everywhere.

Gclechia Cinerella.— Howth; Wicklow Mountains.

Rufescentella. — Dore ; Clontarf, county of Dublin.
Populella.—Killarney.

Ericitella.—Howth.

Mulinella,—Do., abundant.
Diffinella.k— Do.

Terrella.—A bundant everywhere.
Desertella.—Dublin coast, on the sandhills.
Expolitella.— Do. do.
Artemisiella. — Do. do.
Senectella.— Howth.

Mundella.—Dublin coast, sandhills.

Umbrosella.— Do.
Domesticella.— Wicklow Mountains.
Rhombella.— Do.

Proximella.—Galway ; Belfast ?

Vulgella— Wicklow Mountains.

Maculella.— Howth.

Tricolorella.—Do.

Fraternella.—Do., and Malahide.

Vicinella— Do., and Belfast.

Leucomelanella.—Do., among Stlene maritima on the cliffs.

Marmorella.—Abundant on the coast sandhills,

Instabilella.—Howth.

Sequacella.— Belfast.

Mouffetella.—Killarney.

Triparella.— Do.

Tzeniolella.— Dublin coast; Blarney.

Anthylhdella— Do.; common.

Atrella.—Dingle, county of hey

Neviferrella.—Howth.

Hermannella.— Belfast ?

Tarquiniella (Fig. 2).—Dublin coast sandhills. This species, al-
lied to Pictella, has never, as far as I am aware, been taken
anywhere else. It hides among the short herbage, and under
the edges of the sandhills.

Cleodora Cytisella.— Killarney.

Chelaria Conscriptella ?—Do.

Anarsia Spartiella—Howth.

Harpella Geoffrella—— Killarney.

Dasycera Sulphurella.—Common everywhere.
(Ecophora Minutella.—Dublin, Howth, Galway.

7)

7)

Flavimaculella. —Dublin, by Mr. Hogan.
Lambdella,—Killarney.

BIRCHALL—CATALOGUE OF IRISH LEPIDOPTERA, 83

(Ecophora Fuscescentella._—Howth.

se Pseudospretella.—Common everywhere.
(Ecogenia Kindermanniella.—Howth.
Endrosis Fenestrella.—Common everywhere.
Butalis Grandipennella.—Howth.

» Fusco Aineella.—Killarney.
Acrolepia Granitella——-Dublin and Howth.
Glyphipteryx Thrasonella._—-Common everywhete.
Pe Haworthana.—Wicklow Mountains.
eA Fischeriella.—Howth.

Douglasia Ocnerostomella.—Dublin and Howth.
Argyresthia Ephippella.— Belfast.

i Nitidella.—- Generally common.

sy Spiniella.— Howth.

A Albistriella——Wicklow Mountains.

ie Mendicella.—Belfast.

a Retinella.— Killarney.

“a Geedartella.__Dublin; Wicklow Mountains.

Brockeélla—— Do. do.

Ocnerostoma Piniariella. — Howth.
Gracilaria Swederella.—Generally common.

me Hemidactylella.— Killarney.

- Elongella.—Of general occurrence.
a Tringipennella.— Dublin, Howth, Galway.
a Syringella. Do. ; Hollywood.
= Phasianipennella.—Howth.
Auroguttella,— Do., and Wicklow Mountains.

Ornix Anglicella.-—Dublin and Howth.
Coleophora Alcyonipennella.—Howth.

* Albicostella.— Do., and Salk

By Anatipennellan— Do.

a Discordella.—Howth.

Ze Murinipennella.—Do.

Ps Cespititiella.— A bundant everywhere.

“i Tengstromella._-Howth.

bs Virgaureella— Do.

ee Artemisiella,— Do.

ue Nigricella.——Dublin.

st Fuscedinella.—Do.

ne Gryphipennella.—Do., and Howth.

* Vitisella ?—Wicklow Mountains.

Olivacéella.— Howth.
Batrachedra Preangusta.—_Dublin, common; Wicklow Mountains.
Oinophila V. Flavella.—— Do., among fungi j in spirit vaults.
Chauliodus Cherophylella—_Howth ; Wicklow Mountains.
Laverna Lactéella.— Belfast ?
», Epilobiella—Dublin.
fe Hellerella.— Do., common.

84 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

Chrysoclista Linnéella.__Holly wood.
Flavicapitella. —Dublin and Howth.
Asychna Modestella.— Dublin.
Chrysocorys Festaliella—_ Howth ; Killarney.
Elachista Luticomella.— Howth.
», Flavicomellan— Do.
», Gregsonella—— Do.
», Nigrella.--Generally common.
», Subnigrella.— Howth.
», Perplexella.—Dublin.
,, 4onariella.—Howth.
» Teniatella— Do.
», Megerlella— Do.
» Triseriatella.—Do.
» Pollinariellax—Do. | |
», Rufocinerellaa—Dublin; Wicklow Mountains. -
Cygnipennella.—Of general occurrence.
Tischeria Complanella.— Belfast.
», Emyella.— Howth.
Lithocolletis Irradiella—Raheny, county of Dublin.
ae Bremiella.— Wicklow Mountains.
be Pomifoliella.—Generally common.
6 Corylella. Malahide.
be Spinicolella.— Dublin.
ry Faginella.— Do.
5 Salicicolella.— Howth.
ry Ulmifoliella,.— Do.
5 Quercifoliella.n— Abundant everywhere.
nf Messaniella.—Dublin, Howth, and Hollywood.
a Corylifoliella.—Do., do., and Wicklow Mountains.
i Alnifoliella.—Howth.
iy Heegeriella.— Wicklow Mountains.
- Cramerella.—Generally common.
7 Schreberella.—Clontarf, county of Dublin.
Trifasciella.— Howth.
Lyonetia Clerckella.—Donnycarney, county of Dublin ; Hollywood, and
Blarney.
Cemiostoma Spartifoliella.—Generally common.
Bucculatrix Crategifoliella.—Howth.
Maritimellaa— Do.
Nepticula Anomalella.— Do.
99 Oxyacanthellan— Do., and Coolock, county of Dublin.
Ae Septembrella— Do.

., Tgnobilella.— Do., do.
iss Argentipedella.— Howth.

a Acetosella.— Do.

* Plagicolellan—Artane and Donnycarney.

‘e Gratiosella.— Killester.

BIRCHALL—CATALOGUE OF IRISH LEPIDOPTERA. 85

Nepticula Marginicolella.—Clontarf.
a Aurella.—Of general occurrence.
PTEROPHORI,

Pterophorus Ochrodactylus.—Howth.
Isodactylus.—Killarney.

Be Trigonodactylus.— Howth and Clontarf.
i Punctidactylus.—Killarney.

- Pilosella.— Belfast.

-f Bipunctidactylus.—Howth and Belfast.
- Fuscodactylus._—_Howth.

E Lithodactylus.—Galway.

; Pterodactylus.—Howth and Belfast.

a Galactodactylus.~__Wicklow Mountains.
Y Tetradactylus.—Galway.

Pentadactylus.— Wicklow Mountains and Cork.
Alucita Polydactyla._-Of general occurrence.

SUPPLEMENTARY LIST.

Sesia Culiciformis.— Killarney. Ennychia Anguinalis.—Galway.
Apamea Fibrosa.— Do. Ephippiphora Tetragonana. —
Ennomos Tiliaria.—Kildare. Howth.

Lithosia Complana.— Howth. Dianthecia Ceesia.—Tramore.

Phycis Subornatella.— Do.

British Species of Lepidoptera,

according to Doubleday’s List. Found in Ireland.

Winrnr oo [sb a LA. G4n Diamar he et ee ha 43
Negsurbing« =o. sey. U09}) -Nocturni; 35 4 ee a 72
Geometrs,. . . ... . 2% | Geometra, ith (wa oS
Drepanule, -. . « °. 6 | Drepanule, 2. % 3
Pseudo- oe ee 27 | eseudo- Psa erie ())
Noctuz, . ee pee oO UA ENoctuce sas. th eo) ee
Welbaiders 1s Sn ks 14 Deltoides, oh oat Tp ee 8
YC en ne a TelwAvemtias 670, o Mey a. 0
Ieveanideswaer. a. 0 «WO. Pyvalides, <0 oe a te OU
Crambitess, ) . 2 . .» -40'Crambites, . ~~... .... 26
Worttieesn oe) 303 | Mortrices . 2 a 140
Tinez, Rely Poe en GACH eimeas,, Sore. fey (NS IPS OND
tevOphOrig) deat silent, (dO) ee tenophori,” |) )) Portree 13
Total British Species,. . 1914] Total Irish Species, . . 969

A vote of thanks to Mr. Birchall for making the Society the means
of the publication of this valuable Catalogue of Irish Lepidoptera was
unanimously passed.

86 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

After which was read the following paper :—-

Natura History Notes ry Aprit, 1866 (Counry Mayo). By G. H.
Kinanan, F.R.G.S8.1

Tue month just passed away has been remarkable for the sudden
changes from warm summer days to those of frost, sleet, and cold. These
changes have affected vegetation, as the buds on the trees are now only
bursting open.

The Rooks (Corvus frugilegus) are only now building, though gene-
rally they are hatching in this month.’

The Wheatears (Saxicola enanthe) seem to have come at their usual
time, as I observed them in the neighbourhood of Kilmaine on the 9th
of the month.

Also the Swallows (Hirundo urbiea), as they were remarked on the
19th, north-east of Hollymount; but some of the migratory birds are
still lingering i in the country.

Flocks of the Golden Plover ¢(Pluvialis aurea) are numerous, and
Wild Geese are still to be seen.

On the 17th a flock of seventeen Wild Geese was observed in a bog
near Belmullet. On the 18th I saw a single bird in the bogs about
halfway between Westport and Ballinrobe, and nine birds by the river
Robe, about halfway between Hollymount and Claremorris. On the
19th a small flock was observed flying near Castlebar, and on the same
day nineteen were seen flying over Swineford. The Geese which I
observed were not the common Wild Geese, as they were much smaller,
had shorter heads, white speckled breasts, and also had conspicuous
white faces with red patches on them. From these facts I am inclined
to think they must have been the Red-necked Barnacle Goose (Bernicla
ruficollis). The birds I saw were very tame. The single bird, when
first observed, was about 200 yards in the bog on the north of the road,
and as the car approached it rose, flew acros to the south side, and lit
among some turf by the side of Lough Nacorralea. There it remained
while we passed within 150 yards of it, and the white and red marks
on its head were quite visible to the naked eye. The flock of nine, on
the River Robe, let the car pass within 200 yards of them without ever
rising; they were of the same kind as the single bird. The flocks at
Castlebar and Swineford may have been one and the same flock, on
their flight towards the north-east, as it was early in the day (before
nine a. mM.) that they were seen at Castlebar. My informant from
Swineford remarked that the birds seen by him were flying very low,
and that they were so small, that at first he did not think they were
Wild Geese. Perhaps some observer may have seen these Geese farther
north, and be able to say whether my surmise about their species is cor-
rect, or not.

Mr. A. G. More was disposed rather to think those referred to =
Mr. Kinahan may have been more likely the Laughing Goose or White-
fronted Goose.

KINAHAN —NOTES ON SALMON HATCHING. 87

The following was next read :—
Nores or Satmon Hatcuine. By G. Henny Kiyanan, F.R.G.S.1

Durine the last two seasons I have been able to watch the artificial
propagation of Salmon, and perhaps Notes that were made from time to
time may interest some of the Members of the Society.

The artificial breeding I have seen is that carried on by Mr. Miller,
at Galway; Captain O’Hara, at Inver; and Major Horsefall, at Screeb.
The boxes, &c., of Mr. Miller have been ably described by Dr. Buck-
land (see ‘‘ Land and Water’’), therefore at the present I shall pass them
by. Captain O’ Hara’s
boxes were in the open yeh le
air, and placed by the _pire_From ERE 3
side of a small moun- RESERVOIR
tain stream that flows }
into the south-east
corner of Lough In-
vernagleragh. Across
this stream an em-
bankment was formed
to construct a reser-
voir, out of which the’
boxes were supplied.

For the arrange-
ment of the boxes, &c.,

I shall refer to the ac-

companying figures, 1

and 2 (exhibited to

the meeting). There

are twenty-four boxes,

placed in tiers of six;

two tiers being coupled
by a filter box. Lach box is four feet long, by one foot wide, and four
inches deep; and in the bottom of each box two inches of well-boiled
and washed gravel is laid, on which
the eggs are placed. Fig. No. 2 is
an isometrical view of two of these
tiers of boxes with their coupling
filter. The filter boxes (A and A,
Fig. No. 1) are fed by a two-inch
gutta percha pipe (B B) that leads
from the reservoir. This pipe is
furnished with two wooden cocks
(a and a) to regulate the flow of
water. From each filter there are
four cocks (6 6 b b) to supply the
hatching boxes, every three boxes having a special stream. On referring to .
the drawings (figs. 1 and 2), it will be seen that the boxes are arranged

88 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

in sets of three steps, by which means the water from the filters flows
through all the boxes, as indicated by the arrows in the south tier of
boxes (see fig. 1); an open zinc lp carrying the water from one box
to another. Each box is covered by a slip of board, and the whole
hatching apparatus is enclosed by a palisade, to protect it from being
disturbed.

On the Screeb River the propagation is conducted by the well-
known piscatorian, Mr. Ramsbottom. It is on quite a different system
from that at either Galway or Inver, as the eggs are placed in canals cut
alongside one of the waterfalls in the river, and an equipollent supply
of water is procured by means of a regulation pipe from the river.
The canals are about four feet wide, and twenty-five feet deep;
and, as they are on an incline, the depth of the water is regu-
lated by small dams built across them at about every five yards. The
bottoms of the canals are covered with broken stones (about two inches
square); on them the eggs are placed, and over the latter are flattish
stones, which average about five inches square.

As more able observers have described the process of collecting the
ova, and placing them in the boxes, I shall not waste the time of the
Society in describing them, but shall suggest what appear to be the faults
at the different places that I have mentioned.

At Galway and Inver the water runs direct from the filters on to the
eggs. This seems to be a bad arrangement, as at both these places the
upper boxes become filled with sediment, which causes a great destruc-
tion among the eggs, as the addled eggs that are covered with sediment
cannot be seen and picked out; therefore they contaminate all those in
their vicinity. I would therefore suggest that between the filters and
hatching boxes there ought to be a long, narrow, vacant box, in which
the sediment could settle. At Galway the boxes were connected by
small leaden pipes. These, during severe frosts, were frozen up, and a
man had to be constantly employed boring them out; a thin coating of
carbonate of lead also formed in the pipes, which must have been pre-
judicial to the eggs. These faults were remedied at Inver, as zinc was
used in place of lead, and open lips in place of pipes. At Inver, imme-
diately after the boxes were placed, a rat found its way in through the
openings under the lips, and destroyed some of the eggs; but this was
remedied by covering the opes with perforated zinc. The Galway boxes
were under cover, and by that means the temperature could be regu-
lated to a certain extent; at Inver they were not, and the sudden
changes in the weather this last winter and spring caused many of the
eges to addle. The plan acted on at the Screeb River does not to me ap-
pear as good as hatching boxes; for the number of young fish that come
out cannot be known, also the addled eggs cannot be extracted from
among the others. Therefore, if one becomes bad, all those in contact
with it will also be destroyed; and I have counted as many as a dozen
white eggs strung together. Besides, the little fish must be very liable
to fall victims to water beetles, and such other insects that prey on
Salmon fry. The eggs would also seem to be open to such poachers, for

MOORE—ADDENDA TO MUSCI AND HEPATICZ OF FLORA HIBERNICA. 89

in the canals they have not the natural protection of a deep covering of
gravel.

As the artificial breeding of Salmon is still in its infancy, I hope I
will be excused for laying these Notes before the Society; as any sug-
gestion, no matter how insignificant, which may be of use, ought to be
published, in order that its practical good may be tested.

The following paper was then read :—

ADDENDA TO THE Muscr anp Hepaticm or Frora HiIBpERNIcA, WITH
AppitionaL HasitaTs FOR A FEW OF THE Rarer Species. By
Davin Moors, Ph. D., F.L.8., M.R.I. A.

In June, 1865, I had the honour to receive, in Dublin, two of the most
eminent muscologists Europe has yet produced—namely, Dr. Schimper,
of Strasbourg, one of the authors of ‘‘ Bryologia Europea;” and William
- Wilson, Esq., of Warrington, author of ‘‘ Bryologia Britannica.” After
showing these gentlemen some rare species of Mosses which grew near
Dublin, I, along with Captain Hutton, one of the members of the Na-
tural History Society of Dublin, accompanied them on a botanical ex-
cursion to the South of Ireland, where some additions were made to our
previous knowledge of muscology, which I shall now read, along with
other notes.

Hypnum dilatatum (Wilson), Limnobium molle (‘‘ Bryol. Europ.’’),
was collected sparingly by Captain Hutton on wet rocks near Tore
- Waterfall, Killarney. This species had not been previously noticed
in Ireland.

Hypnum eugyrium (‘‘ Bryologia Europea’), a plant which was col-
lected many years ago at Tore Waterfall, by the late Dr. Mackay, was
again found in considerable quantity by the party.

Among the scarcer species collected in the neighbourhood of Kiliar-
ney, I have to record the following, viz.:—Campylopus setifolius (Wil-
son) in fruit (very sparingly), at Cromaglowan; this being the first
instance of the plant having been seen in fruit. Campylopus Schwarze
(Schimper), was found on the high rocks at Cromaglowan, in a barren
state, but very fine otherwise. Campylopus polytrichoides (Notarit)
—Fine specimens were collected near the Hunting-lodge, Croam-
glowan. Ulota calvescens (Orthotrichum calvescens) (Wilson), was
collected in considerable quantity on trees near Torc Waterfall, and
elsewhere in the neighbourhood. Bryum obconicum (Hsch.), very spar-
ingly, on the wall of Muckross Demesne, between Tore Waterfall and
Muckross Hotel. Daltonia splachnoides (H. e¢ T.) was observed in
several places, both at Killarney and Cromaglowan, but the fruit was
very old and withered at that period of the year. Hypnum elodes
(Spruce), was collected on damp boggy ground by the margin of the
lake in Muckross Demesne; Zortula recurvifolia (Schimper), on dry
rocks in Muckross Demesne. Trichostomum mutabile (Bruch), was col-
lected in fine fruit, growing on the sides of dry rocky places in Muck-
ross Demesne.

VOL. Y. N

90 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

At a subsequent period of the year Captain Hutton was fortunate in
finding Zrichostomum sinuosum (Wilson) growing on wet stones in the
rivulet which runs through the Phoenix Park, in the glen near Knock-
maroon Gate. This is the first record of the plant having been found
in Ireland; but, on looking over some specimens collected in the same
place where Captain Hutton found it, by Mr. D. Orr, several years ago,
the Trichostomum is among them, marked, as a variety of Didymodon
cylindricus (Bruch e¢ Schimper), to which the former plant bears con-
siderable resemblance.

Grimmia ovata (Web. et Mohr) was also found by Mr. D. Orr, ina
barren state, on the rocks of Killiney Hill, ten years ago, in which
place it has been lately seen again, and ascertained to be that species.

When at Lough Derg, near Portumna, last August, I collected
Phascum coherens (Hedwig), on wet banks by the side of the Shannon,
that being the first instance of the species having been recognized in
Treland. Pottva minutula, variety B. rufescens, was also growing near on
on moist ground, which is annually under water a considerable period of
the year. Bartramia cespitosa (Wilson) was collected in small quantity
last September, growing on moist banks on the ascent to Lugnaquilla
from Glenmalur, county of Wicklow, in company with Dr. Barker and
Mr. Archer. I may here mention that I was fortunate enough to pick up
this new Moss in fruit on the Dovrefjeld, in Norway, in July, 1863, that
being the only instance, I believe, of it having yet been seen in that
state.

Pottia Wilsoni—On a dry bank at Howth, 1856. This is the plant
which I recorded as Pottva crinita (Wilson), in the ‘‘ Proceedings of the
Dublin University Zoological and Botanical Association.” The true
P. crinita has not been discovered in Ireland, though both Mr. Wilson
and I took our Howth plant to be it at the time mentioned. I am
therefore glad to have this opportuuity to correct the error.

Among Hepatice, I have to notice the discovery of Scapania equi-
loba (Nees.), Jungermanma equiloba (Hubener), &c. I collected good
specimens of this plant about three weeks ago on wet rocks above Kelly’s
Lake, on the ascent from Glenmalur to Lugnaquilla, county of Wicklow.
Dr. Carrington informs me that he also finds it in Yorkshire, where it
is not very rare in subalpine districts. It may be known from large
states of Scapania (Jungermanma) nemorosa by the more slender stems,
nearly equal throughout, and by the pale fawn or olive colour of the
leaves. |

Scapania undulata, variety A. mayor (Nees.); this fine plant, with
stems four or five inches long, and leaves ofa deep purple colour,
which are strongly ciliated, is near to Scapania undulata, variety £.
speciosa (Nees.), Scapania planitulia (Hubener), Hepatice Germamce.

Before concluding this brief list of addenda to our Flora, I desire
to place a record on our “‘ Proceedings” of the discovery of an interesting
pheenerogamic plant, Jnula salicona, which has already been. made
known to the public through ‘‘ Seeman’s Journal of Botany,’’ where it
has been figured and described in No. 38, for February, 1866. I first

WILLIAMS—ON THE ROACH. 91

collected specimens of the plant without flowers, near Portumna, twenty
years ago, which remained in my herbarium undetermined until
lately. Last year I made a second journey to Lough Derg, and redisco-
vered the plant, flowering very sparingly. It is a widely-distributed
species, although it has not before been known as a native of the Bri-
tish Isles. Dr. Sehultz-Bipontinus remarks that it has been met with
over nearly the whole of Europe, with the exception of the extreme
northern and southern parts, and extending through Asia Minor to Persia,
where it seems to belong to the subalpine region, and through European
Russia into Siberia. Ireland may be considered the north-western limit
of this widely-diffused plant.

Mr. R. P. Williams then exhibited some living Roach, and made the
following remarks :—

It is many years since I heard the statement made, that the fish so
commonly called in Ireland the Roach (Leuciscus rutilus) was in-
correctly named, and that the fish was really the Rudd (Leuevs-
cus erythophthalmus). 1 took little notice of this, thinking it the common
error of subsequent authors, copying predecessors without assuring
themselves of their correctness; but, when the number of Couch’s
‘‘ Fishes of the Carp Tribe’ was published, I found it emphatically stated
that the Roach did not exist in Ireland. I began to inquire if such was
really the case. Mr. Couch says :—‘“‘ It is worthy of notice, and not
easily accounted for, that the former fish (the Rudd) is common in many
parts of Ireland, while the true Roach is not known in that country,
although supposed to be so, because the Rudd has usurped the name.”
Speaking of the Roach, he says it has not been found in Ireland. I
have examined all the descriptions and plates I could find, and made
up my mind that the assertion was a mistake. I therefore commenced
a collection, and obtained many specimens from different localities in
England and Ireland, and found that, with trivial differences of colour
and size of scales, they were all the same fish. I have well-marked
varieties from the same lake, taken at the same time. In the careful
examination of these I hoped to have been assisted by our former Pre-
sident, Mr. Andrews, probably the best authority on fishes, who has on
more than one occasion in this Society detected the errors of writers,
who made genera and species of what were really undeveloped forms,
or erotic change of shape and colour. From want of time these speci-
mens remain packed up in bottles of spirits until a complete analysis
can be made, when, probably the question may again be brought before
your notice. I now intrude on the Society in consequence of being able
to show some alive, and amongst them exhibited, for the first time in
Treland, the Azurine, or Blue Roach, for which I am indebted to my
friend, Mr. Thomas John Moore, Director of the Derby Museum, Li-
verpool. ‘This fish is only to be found in England, in a river at Knows-
ley, the seat of the Earl of Derby, and, to the late Karl, Natural History
is indebted for the notice of it. Yarrell states, as a specific difference of

92 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

the Rudd, that the dorsal fin occupies the space opposite to that between
the ventral and anal fins. In the vase before you are specimens of
Roaches from a river at Knowsley, Lancashire, from the Liffey, from
my ponds, and the Blue Roach. In all these it will be seen that the
fin occupies the position indicated by Yarrell; hence, instead of being
a specific distinction of the Rudd, it isa specific distinction of the Roach.
aanther specific distinction relied on is the colour of the eyes, eryoph-
thalmus, which is described as orange-red. All that I have seen in Ire-
land have the irides pale yellow. The only ones I have seen with irides
approaching red were sent me alive from the Thames. They are
amongst the specimens preserved in spirits. IfIam correct in the
views laid before you, it follows either that we do not know what is the
fish called Roach, or that the names Rudd, Dobule, &c., must vanish
from our catalogues as species, and be content to take up their positions
simply as varieties of the same fish. As to the Dace, I am uncertain
whether it is a variety or a distinct fish. Specimens that were sent me
as Dace from Lancashire were Roach. I have others labelled as Dace
from different rivers, but until there is time for examination of them I
can say no more at present.

Mr. A. G. More said the fish now exhibited would have been called
Rudd in the Isle of Wight.

Two Moths—Maeroglossa stellaterum, and Pygeria bucephala, were
presented by Dr. Barker, on the part of John Haughton, Esq., Ardree,
Athy, and thanks voted to the donor.

The President then adjourned the Society for the recess till the first
Thursday in November.

ADR aPae ND WX),

No. I.

SOCIETIES AND INSTITUTIONS ENTITLED TO RECEIVE THE PROCEED-
INGS OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF DUBLIN.

Part III. of Volume IV. of the Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Dublin
has been forwarded to the following English and Foreign Societies. The Societies are

arranged in a single list, in the alphabetical order of the places in which they are esta-
blished :—

- Atnwick, . . The Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club.
ALTENBURG, . Die naturforschende Gesellschaft.
AMSTERDAM, — De Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen.
- F Het Koninklijk Zoolojich Genootschap.
ANGERS, . . La Societé Linnéene du Département de Maine-et- Loire.
Avuespure, _. Der naturhistorische Verein in Augsburg.

BAMBERG, - . Der naturhistorische Verein in Bamberg.
BaseL, . . . Die naturforschende Gesellschaft.
Beruin, . . Die kénigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften.
5 Der botanische Verein fiir die Provinz Brandenburg.
Bern, . . . Die Schweizerische Gesellschaft fur die gesammten Naturwissen-

schaften.
a . . Die naturforschende Gesellschaft.
Bompay, . ._ The Royal Asiatic Society.
Bonn, . . . Der naturhistorische Verein der Preussischen Rheinlande und West-
phalens.

Bonn and Bres- pee kaiserliche Leopoldinisch-Carolinische Akademie des Naturfor-
LAU, scher zu Bonn und Breslau.
BourgDEAUX, . La Société Linnéenne de Bourdeaux.
Boston, . . The Boston Society of Natural History.
BREMEN, . . Dernaturwissenschaftliche Verein.
Brestavu, . . Die Schlesische Gesellschaft fur vaterlandische Cultur.
9 . . Der Akademische naturwissenschaftliche Verein zu Breslau.
Bruces, . . La Société des Sciences naturelles de Bruges.
Bruny, . . Der naturforschende Verein.
BruxEwues, . L’Academie Royale des Sciences de Bruxelles.

CAEN, . . ._ La Société Linneénne de Normandie.
CatcuTTA,. . The Asiatic Society of Bengal.

CARLSRUHE, . Der naturwissenschaftliche Verein.
CHAMBERY, . La Société Academique de Savoie.
CHARLESTON, . The Elliott Society of Natural History.
CuEersourG, . La Société Impériale des Sciences naturelles.

Cuicaco, . . The Academy of Sciences.

CHRISTIANA, . Videnskabs Selskabet.

Cuur, . . . Die naturforschende Gesellschaft Graubundens.

CotmaR, . ._ La Société d’Histoire naturelle de Colmar.

CopENHAGEN, . Det Kongelige danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Kjobenhavn.

W

ret
DANZIG,
DorPaAT,

DRESDEN,

99
DUBLIN,
99

99
EDINBURGH,

9 .
ELBERFELD,

FRANKFURT-AM-

MAIN,
39 :

FREIBURG, .

GENEVE,

79
GIESSEN,
GLAsGow,
GORLITZ,
GOTTINGEN,
GRAZ,

HAARLEM, .
HALLE, .

br

HAMBURG, .
HaANAU,
HANNOVER,
HEIDELBERG,

HELSINGFORS, .
HERMANNSTADT,

Hutt,

JENA, . -

KIEL,

KONIGSBERG,

9

LAUSANNE, .
LAYBACH,
LEEDs,
LEIPzIG,
LIEGE, .
LIVERPOOL, .
Lonpon,

7?

’9
LUNEBERG,

LUXEMBOURG, .

Lyon,

APPENDIX.

Die naturforschende Gesellschaft.

Die Naturforscher- Gesellschaft.

Die Gesellschaft fiir Natur- und Heilkunde.
Die naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft ‘ Isis.”
The Royal Irish Academy.

The Royal Dublin Society.

The Royal Geological Society of Ireland.

The Botanical Society of Edinburgh.
The Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Der naturwissenschaftliche Verein von Elberfeld und Barmen.

} ‘Die Senckenbergische naturforschende Gesellschaft.

Der mikroskopische Verein.
Die naturforschende Gesellschaft zu Freiburg im Breisgau.

La Société de Physique et d’Histoire naturelle.

L’Institut National Genevois.

Die Oberhessische Gesellschaft fur Natur- und Heilkunde.
The Natural History Society.

Die naturforschende Gesellschaft zu Gorlitz.

Die kénigliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.

Der naturforschende Verein fiir Steiermark, Graz.

De Hollandsche Maatschapij der Wetenschappn te Haarlem.

Die naturforschende Gesellschaft zu Halle.

Der naturwissenschaftliche Verein fur Sachsen und Thuringen in
Halle.

Der naturwissenschaftliche Verein in Hamburg.

Die Wetterauische Gesellschaft fur die gesammte Naturkunde.

Die naturhistorische Gesellschaft.

Der naturhistorisch-medicinische Verein.

Societas Scientiarum Fennica.

Der Siebenburgischen Verein fiir Naturwissenschaften zu Her-
mannstadt.

The Literary and Philosophical Society.

Die kaiserliche Leopoldinsch-Carolinische deutsche Akademie der Na-
turforscher.

Der Verein jenseits der Elbe fur Verbreitung naturwissenchaftlicher
Kenntnisse.

Der Preuissische botanische Verein.

Der Fauna Verein.

La Société Vaudoise des Sciences naturelles.

Der naturwissenschaftliche Verein.

The Philosophical and Literary Society.

Die koniglich Sachsische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.
La Société Royale des Sciences de Liége.

The Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool.

The Entomological Society of London.

The Linnean Society.

The Zoological Society.

Der naturwissenschaftliche Verein.

La Société des Sciences naturelles du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg.
La Société Linnéene de Lyon,

MALVERN,
MANCHESTER,
MANNHEIM, .
MARBURG, .

MaAvRITIUS, .
MECKLENBURG,

METZ, .
MILAN, .
MontTREAL, .
Moscow,
MunicuH,

NAPLES,

NEUCHATEL,
NEUSTADT, .
NEWCASTLE-ON-
TYNE,
New ORLEANS, .
New Yorx,
NURNBERG,

PALERMO,
PaRIs,

”

9

” = c
Puc stthe «
PHILADELPHIA,
PLYMOUTH, .

PRAG,
PRESSBURG,
PRIVAS, .

APPENDIX. lll

The Malvern Naturalists’ Field Club.

The Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester.

Der Verein fiir Naturkunde.

Die Gesellschaft zur Beforderung der gesammten Naturwissen-
schaften.

The Royal Society of Arts and Sciences.

Der Verein der Freunde der Naturgeschichte in Mecklenburg, Neu
Brandenburg.

La Societé d'Histoire naturelle du Département de la Moselle.

Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, Milano.

The Natural History Society of Montreal,

La Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou.

Die koénigliche bayersche Akademie der Wissenchaft in Miinchen.

“Societa Reale di Napoli—Accademia della Scienze fisiche e matema-

tiche di Napoli.
La Société des Sciences naturelles de Neuchatel.
Der naturwissenchaftliche Verein der Bayerischen Pfalz.

} The Tyneside Naturalists’ Field Club.

The Academy of Sciences.
The Lyceum of Natural History.
Die naturhistorische Gesellschaft.

Accademia di Scienze e Lettere di Palermo.

L’Academie des Sciences.

L’ Institut Impérial de France.

La Société Botanique de France.

La Société de Biologie.

Die koniglich-ungarische Gesellschaft fur Naturwissenchaften in Pest

The Academy of Natural Sciences.

The Plymouth Institution and Devon and Cornwall Natural History
Society.

Der naturhistorische Verein ‘‘ Lotos.”

Der Verein fur Naturkunde.

La Société des Sciences naturelles,

- ReGENsBuRG (Ratisbon), Der Zoologisch-mineralogische Verein in Regensburg.

” :
RIGA, . «

SHREWSBURY,

St. FRANCISCO, .
Sr. GALL,

St. Louis,

St. PETERSBURG,
STOCKHOLM, .
STRASBOURG,
STUTGART, .

TAUNTON,
TORONTO,
TouRIN, .

UPSALA,

VENICE, .
VIENNA,

Die k. bayersche botanische Gesellschaft zu Regensburg.
Der naturforschende Verein.

Shropshire and North Wales Natural History and Antiquarian So-
ciety.

The Academy of Sciences.

Die naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft.

The Academy of Sciences.

L’ Academie Impériale des Sciences de St. Petersburg.

Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien.

La Société du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle de Strasbourg.

Der Verein fiir vaterlandische Naturkunde in Wurtemburg.

. The Somersetshire Archzological and Natural History Society.

Canadian Journal of Industry, Science, and Art.
Real Accademia delle Scienze di Torino.

Kong]. Vetenskaps Societaten.

Imper. Reg. Instituto Veneto di Scienze Lettere ed Arti.
Der k. k. zoologisch-botanische Verein in Wien.

1V APPENDIX.

VIENNA, Der Verein zur Verbreitung naturwissenchaftlicher Kenntnisse.
RS Die Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien.

WASHINGTON, The Smithsonian Institution.

WIESBADEN, Der Verein fur Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau.

WuRZzBURG, Die physicalisch-medicinische Gesellschaft in Wiirzburg.

ZURICH, Die Naturforschende Gesellschaft zu Zurich.

Die allgemeine schweizerische Gesellschaft fiir die gesammten Natur-
wissenschaften.

99 4 °

No. Il.
PUBLICATIONS OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES RECEIVED.
(From NovEeMBER, 1865, To NovEMBER, 1866.) _

Tue following Societies, arranged in the alphabetical order of the places in which they
are established, have kindly sent their Publications for the acceptance of the Natural
Hstory Society of Dublin ; and the safe receipt of same, as below specially detailed, is

hereby, with best thanks, duly acknowledged :—

AMSTERDAM, .

BREMEN, .

”

BRUXELLES, .

99

CALCUTTA,

9

CARLSRUHE, .

CHAMBERY,

Verslagen en Mededeelingen der koninklijke Akademie van Weten-
schappen. Afdeeling Naturkunde, Tweede Reeks, Erste Deel, 1866.

Jarboek van de koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, 1865.

Processen-verbaal van de gewone Vergaderingen der koninklijke Akade-
mie van Wetenschappen. Afdeeling Naturkunde, Jan. 1865.—
Ap. 1866.

Verhandlungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. Band IV.
Heft II. (1865).

Mittheilungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern, 1865.

Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereines der preussischen Rhein-
lande und Westphalens, in Bonn. Dritte Folge; 2. Jahrgang (1865).

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. X., p. 1 to
288.

Condition and Doings of the Boston Society of Natural History, May,
1865.

Erster Jahresbericht des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines zu Bremen,
1866.

Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom naturwissenschaftlichen Vereine
zu Bremen, Band I., Heft I. (1866).

Académie Royale des Sciences des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique;
Bulletins des Séances de la Classe des Sciences, 2 Ser. Tome 20, 1865;
Tome 21, 1866,

Annuaire de l’ Académie Royale, etc., 1866.

Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta.
Part 1., No. IIL, 1865; No. IV., 1865; No. I., 1866.
Part II, No. III., 1865; No. IV., 1865; No. I., 1866.

Proceedings, No. I.—XI., January to December, 1865, with Title,
Index, and Appendix for 1865.

Verhandlungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines in Carlsruhe. Erstes
Heft, 1864; Zweites Heft, 1866.

Mémoir es de P Academie Impériale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts
de Savoie. Seconde Serie; Tome VIII. (1866).

aie

DUBLIN, .

EDINBURGH, .

FRANKFORT
ON
THE MAINE,

”

GENEVA, .

”

GIESSEN, .

9

HARLEM,

HEIDELBERG,

JENA,

LAUSANNE,

LEEDs,

1?

”

LEIPZIG, .

Liree, .

LONDON,. .

LUNEBERG,

MANCHESTER,

MANNHEIM, .

|

APPENDIX.

The Journal of the Royal Dublin Society, No. XXXIV. (Dec., 1865.)

The Dublin Quarterly Journal of Science (edited by the Rev. Samuel
Haughton, M. D., F.R.S., &c.), No. XIX. (July, 1865); XXI.
(January, 1866); XXII. (April, 1866); XXIII. (July, 1866);
XXIV. (October, 1866).

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Session 1865-6.

“ Der Zoologische Garten ;” Zeitschrift fur Beobachtung, Pflege und
Zucht der Thiere; herausgegeben von der zoologischen Gesellschaft
zu Frankfurt-am-Main, VII. Jahrgang No. 1.—6, 1866.

Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturfor-
schenden Gesellschaft zu Frankfurt-am-Main, V. Band, III., IV.
Heft (1865).

Bulletin de l’Institut National Genevois. No. 28, 1866.

Almanach de Genéve industriel agricole et amusant, année, 1866.

Zweiter Bericht der oberhessischen Gesellschaft fiir Natur- und Heil-
kunde, 1849.

Amtlicher Bericht uber die neununddreissigste Versammlung deutscher
Naturforscher und Aerzte in Giessen, Sept. 1864.

Archives Néerlandaises des Sciences exactes et naturelles, publiées par
la Société Hollandaise des Sciences a Harlem. Tome I., 1, 2, Liv-
raison, 1866.

_Verhandlungen des naturhistorisch-medicinischen Vereins zu Heidel-

berg. Band IV., Heft II., 1865.

Verhandlungen der kais. Leopoldino-Carolinischen deutschen Aka-
demie der Naturforscher (Acta Academie C. L. C. G. Nature Curi-
osorum). Band XXXII.; Erste Abtheilung. 1865.

Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences naturelles, Lausanne
Tome VII., No. 48 (1860), No. 49 (1861-2), No. 50 (1862-3);
Vol. VIII., No. 51 (1863-4), No. 52 (1864-5), No. 53 (1865).

Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society : The Annual Report, 1864-5.

Catalogue of the Library, 1866.

Report of the Proceedings of the Geological and Polytechnic Society of
the West Riding of Yorkshire, 1864-5.

Berichte tiber die Verhandlungen der K6niglich-Sachsischen Gesell-
schaft dieWissenschaften zu Leipzig. Mathematisch-physische Classe,
1864.

Memoires de Ja Société Royale des Sciences de Liége.
1866; Tome XX., 1866.

Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnzan Society, Vol. VIII., Zoology,
No. 32; Vol. IX., Zoology, Nos. 33, 34; Botany, Nos. 36, 37.
Journal of the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London,

6th February, 1865, to 22nd January, 1866.

Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of Lon-
London, Parts I., II., and III., 1865. Report of the Council,
April 30, 1866.

Jahreshefte des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fur das Furstenthum
Luneberg. I. 1865.

Tome XIX.,

Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. Memoirs, Vol. IT.
3rd Ser. (1861-4). Proceedings, Vol. I1I. (1862-3, and 1863-4) ;
Vol. IV. (1864-5).

Einunddreissigster Jabresbericht des Mannheimer Vereins fiir Natur-
kunde, 1865; Zweiunddreissigster Jahresbericht, 1866.

MECKLENBURG, Archiv des Vereins der Freunde der Naturgeschichte in Mecklenburg,

VOL. V.

Neu-Brandenburg, 19. Jahr. 1865; 20. Jahr. 1866.
b

v1 APPENDIX.

Mounicn, . . Sitzungsberichte der Konig]. bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu
- Miinchen, 1865, Band II., Heft III., 1V., 1866. Band I., Heft L,
II., ILI.

NEUCHATEL,. Bulletin de la Sociéte des Sciences naturelles de Neuchatel. Tome I.
(1846), Tome II. (1847-52), Tome IIT. (1853-5), Tome IV.
(1856—8), Tome V. (1859-61), Tome VI. (1862-4), Tome VII.,
Premier Cahier (1865), Deuxieme Cahier (1866).

New York, . Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History, New York; Vol. VIII.,
Parts 4,°5;'6, 7;'8;' 9-00:

NuRNBERG, . Abhandlungen der naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Nurnberg.
III. Band, II. Halfte (1866).

PHILADELPHIA, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Nos. 1—5 (1865).
_ “On Leaia Leidyi=Cypricardia Leidyi;” also Descriptions of numerous
New Species of Mollusca. By Isaac Lea, LL.D.

REGENSBURG, ) Correspondenzblatt des zoologisch-mineralogischen Vereins in Regens-
(RaTIsBon), burg. Neunzehnter Jahrgang (1865).

SurewsBury, Annual Report of the Shropshire and North Wales Natural History
and Antiquarian Society, 1866-67.

Sr. Louis, . Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. Vol. II., No. 2,
(1863-65).

STOCKHOLM,. Ofversigt af Kong]. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar. Tjugon-
deforsta Argangen, No. 1-10 (1864).

A “Om Ostersjén ;” af S. Loven (18638).

STUTTGART, . Wiirttembergische naturwissenschaftliche J ahreshefte ; XXI., Heft II.,
III. (1865); XXII., Heft I. i

SWITZERLAND, Actes de la Société helvétique des Sciences naturelles, Genéve, 1865.

ToRonTo, . Canadian Journal of Industry, Science, and Arts, N. S., No. LX.
(Noy. 1865); No. LXI. (Jan. 1866); No. LXII. (April 1866).

UpsaLa, . . Nova Acta Regie Societatis Scientiarum Upsalensis. Seriei tertia,
Vol. V.; Fasc. II. (1865).
VENICE, . . Atti dell’ Imp. Reg. Instituto Veneto di Scienza, Lettere ed Arti

Tomo decimo, Serie terza (1864-5); Tomo undecimo, Dispensa
I.-IV. (1865-6).

VienNnA, . . Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in
Wien. Erste Abtheilung; LI., Heft 1II., IV., V. (1865); LIL.,
Heft I-V. (1865); LIII., Heft L-V. (1866); LIV., Heft I.
(1866). Zweite Abtheilung; LI., Heft III., IV., V., (1865) ;
LII., Heft I.-V. (1866); LIIL., Heft I.-V. (1866).

WASHINGTON, Ber Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution,

WIESBADEN,. Jahrbiicher des Vereins fiir Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau,

r Heft 17-18 (1862-63).

WurzBurG, . Wiirzburger naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift. Sechster Band, II.

Heft (1866).

ZURICH, eee Verhandlungen der Schweizerischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft bei
ihrer Versammlung zu Ziirich, 1841.

APPENDIX. Vill

» No. III.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED FROM PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS
(Ur to NovEMBER, 1866).

Tue following Publications have been presented by Private Individuals to the Natural
History Society of Dublin; and the safe receipt of same, as below specially detailed,
is hereby, with best thanks, duly acknowledged :—

Von FRAUENFELD, Weitere Mittheilung uber die Rapswespe; von Georg Ritter
von Frauenfeld. Presented by the Author.
of Zoologische Miscellen, IX., X.; von G. R. von Frauenfeld. Presented
by the Author.
= Ueber die bisher eingelangten diessjahrigen Berichte Jandwirthschaft-
licher Insectenschaden ; von G. R. von Frauenfeld. Presented by
the Author.

GOPPERT, Ueber den botanischen Garten im Jahre 1865; von Prof. H. R. Géppert
Presented by the Author.

i Beitrage zur Berusteinflora, 1864; von Prof. H. R. Goppert. Presented
by the Author.

re Beitrage zur Kenntniss fossiler Cycadeen; von Prof. H. R. Goppert.
Presented by the Author.

- Zwei Vortrage des Herrn Prof. H. R. Géppert im Breslauer Gewerbe-
Verein, aus dem ‘‘ Gewerbe-Blatt,” Dec. 1865:—‘‘ Ueber das
Resonanzbodenholz der Urwalder des Bohmerwaldes’’ —‘‘ Ueber die
Palmen im botanischen Garten;” Oct. 1865.—Presented by the
Author.

Huxvey and WricuHt, On a Collection of Fossil Vertebrata from the Jarrow Colliery,
County of Kilkenny, Ireland; by Thomas H. Huxley, F.R.S., and
E. Perceval Wright, M.D., F.L.S. Presented by Dr. E. Perceval
Wright.

Essai d’une Faune entomologique de |’ Archipel Indo-Néerlandais;
Premiére Monographie—‘“ Famille des Scutellérides;’’ Seconde,
Monographie—*“ Famille des Pierides.”

SNELLEN VAN
V OLLENHOVEN, |

Wricut, . ‘On a new Genus of Teredinide;” by E. Perceval Wright, M.D.
F.L.S. Presented by the Author.

ie ‘Contributions to a Natural History of the Teredide ;” by E. Preceval
Wright, M.D., F.L.S. Presented by the Author.
ae ‘On anew Genus (Hartea) of Alcyonide ;” by E. Perceval Wright,

M.D. Presented by the Author.

No. IY.
LIST OF MEMBERS CORRECTED TO NOVEMBER, 1866.

Corrections of Errors or Omissions will be thankfully received by the Secretaries.

HONORARY MEMBERS.
Elected.

1863. 1. Agassiz, D.L., F.R.S., F.L.S., Cambridge, U. 8.

1858. 2. Bate, Charles Spence, F.R.S., F.L.S., 8, Mulgrave-place, Plymouth.
1854. 3. Bell, Thomas, F.R.S., F.L.8., F.G.S., Selborne, Hants.

1845. 4. Berkeley, Rey. Miles Joseph, M.A., F.L.8., King’s Cliff, Wandesford.

vill

Elected.

1863.
1860.
1853.
1863.
1846.
1863.

1863.
1841.

1863.
1863.
1851.
1854.
1854.
1863.

1859.
1841.
1854.

1854.

1838.

1857.
1863.
1857.
1849.

1860.
1858.
1855.

1845.
1838.
1848.
1854,
1848.
1863.
1840.
1863.
1840.
1847.
1850.
1863.
1839.
1856.
1838.

1863.
1863.
1861.
1866.

PO roe

. Carus, J. Victor, M.D., &c. Leipzig.

APPENDIX.

de Brebisson, Alphonse, Fulaise, France.

Gray, John Edward, Pb. D., F.R S., F.L.S., F.G.S., British Museum.

. Gray, Asa, M.D., Cambridge, U. S.
. Hincks, Rev. Dr., Belfast.
. Huxley, T.. M. D., F.R.S., F.L.8., F.G.8., &., 26, Abbey-place,

St. John’s Wood ; and 28, Jermyn-street, London.

. Hyrtl, Joseph, M. D., Professor of Anatomy, University of Vienna.
. Jones, Thomas Rymer, F.R.S., 18, St. Leonard’s-terrace, Bloomfield-road,

London.

. Leidy, Joseph, M. D., Philadelphia.
. M‘Coy, Frederick, F.G.S., University of Melbourne.
. Munroe, Colonel W., F.L.8., 39th Regiment.

Newman, Edward, F.L.S., 9, Devonshire-street, Bishopsgate, London.

. O’Kelly, M.J., Rochestown House, Killiney.
. Owen, Richard, D.C.L., LL. D., F.R.S.,.F<L0S., F.G. Se eaiasin

Miuscum. Loudon

. Patterson, Robert, M.R.I.A., Belfast.
. Boyle, Forbes, King’s College, London.
. Sabine, Major-General Edward, R.A., D.C.L., LL. D., iy. RuS:, Pls

13, Ashley-place, Victoria-street, Ween

. Westwood, Joseph, F.L.%.

LIFE MEMBERS.

Andrews, William, M.R.I.A.,F.R.G.S.1., 4, Nassau-street ; and ‘‘ The
Fill,” Monkstown.

Archer, William, 21, Upper Pembroke-street.

Ball, Robert, 3, Granby-row.

Barnewall, Richard. ;

Borough, Sir Edward, Bart., 4, Nassau-street ; 61, Fitzwilliam-square, N. ;
and Glenavena, Howth.

Corbett, J. H., Queen’s College, Cork.

. Crowe, Edward, Brighton-terrace, Bray.
. Haughton, Rev. Samuel, M.D., F. T.C.D., F. R.S., M. R.1. A.,

V.P.R.G.S.1., Wellington-road.

. Hemphill, Robert, 3, Great Clarence-street.

. Hill, Lord George, M.R.I.A., Gweedore, Dunfanaghy.

. Hone, Nathaniel, M.R.1I.A, St. Dolough’s.

. Maxwell, Robert Perceval, Groomsport, Bangor, Co. Down.
- Montgomery, Robert John, 57, Leinster-road, Rathmines.

. M‘Clintock, Sir Leopold, R.N., LL. D.

. Pollock, George A., Oatlands, Navan.

Powerscourt, Right Hon. Lord Viscount, Powerscourt Castle, Enniskerry.

. Raye, Henry R., Greencustle, Buncrana.

. Renny, Henry Lawes, R. E., M.R.I.A.

. Smith, George, 71, Lower Buggot-street.

. Smyly, Ph. C., M.D., L.K.Q.C.P., F.R.C.S.1., 8, Merrion-square.
. Townsend, R. W.

. Whitty, John Irvine, LL. D., D.C. L.

. Williams, Richard Palmer, M.R.I.A., F.R.G.S.1., 38, Dame-street.

ANNUAL MEMBERS.
Andrews, Arthur, 4, New Brighton, Monkstown.

. Andrews, Henry, Hastings, Ovoca-avenue, Blackrock.

Armstrong, Andrew, Claddagh-terrace, Bray.

. Bain, John, A.L.S., College Botanic Garden.

Elected.

1859.
1858,
1863.

1843.
1854.
1863.

1860.
1863.
1851.
1863.
1865.
1863.

1865.
1840.
1864.
1864.

1863.
1864.

1865.
1866.
1839.

1860.
1865..
1858.
1854,
1856.
1863.
1863.
1866.
1856.
1862.

1865.
1863.
1864.
1855.
1866.
1844.

1863.
1854.
1856.
1865.
1863.
1864.
1861.
1863.
1863.

1855.
1863.
1858.

APPENDIX. 1x

. Bagot, Andrew H., 24, Leinster-road, Rathmines.
. Baily, W. Hellier, F.L.S., F.G.S., Belville, 135, Rathgar-road,
. Barker, John, M.D., F.R.C.S8.1.,M.R.1.A., F.R.G.S.1L, 83, Waterloo-

road.

. Barrington, John, Glenvar, Merrion-avenue, Blackrock.
. Barton, Henry Malkin, 5, Foster-place ; and 21, ibe Fitzwilliam-street.
. Bennett, E. H., M. D., EF. R.C.8.1., F.R.G.S.1., 2, Upper Fitzwilliam-

street.

. Bewley, Thomas, Rockville, Newtownpark-avenue, Blackrock.

. Bradshaw, G.B., F.R.G.S.1., 20, Hardwicke-street.,

. Brady, Francis William, Q.C., 22, Upper Leeson-street.

. Brady, Thomas F., Percy-place.

5. Brooke, Sir Victor A., Bart., Colebrook, Brookeborough.

. Brownrigg, William Bookey, A. Ba, Ex Set Sehy L5G. D. i, BG, S: Nig

18, Adelaide-road ; and Moorhill, Braihadtown:

- Byron, Ryland, 2, Fitzwilliam-place.

. Callwell, Robert, M. R.I1.A., F.R.G.8.1., 25, Herbert-place.

. Cane, Richard, 60, Dawson-street.

. Carte, Alexander, M.D.,F.R.C.S.L,F.L.S., M.R.I.A., F.R.G.S.L.,

Royal Dublin Society, Kildare-street ; and Kilmainham.

. Carte, William, L.R.C.S.1., Royal Hospital, Kilmainham.
. Clermont, Right Hon. Thomas, Baron, M. R. I. A., Ravensdale Park,

Newry.

. Codd, Francis, J. P., 88, Harcourt-street.
. Collis, Maurice H., M.B., 29, Lower Baggot-street.
. Croker, C.P., M.D.,F.K.Q.C.P., M.R.1.A., F.R.G.S.1., Fellow Bot.

Soc. Edinburgh, 7, Merrion-square.

. Dawson, George, Peacock Lodge, Balbriggan.

. Dickson, Rev. Benjamin, D.D., F.T.C.D., M.R.I.A,, 1, Kildare-place.
. Dixon, George, Be ia Gye Seve, 12, Burlington- road.

- Domvile, William Compton, J. P., D.L., Thornhill, Bray.

. Doyle, John B., F.R.G.S.L1., Ballycasile, Co. Vo

. Dunlop, A.A., 95, Upper Baggot-street.

. Edgeworth, R.L., M.B., Kildare-street Club.

. Ferrar, Rev. William Hugh, F.T.C.D.

. Frazer, William, L.K.Q.C.P., L.R.C.S.1., 124, Stephen’s-green.

. Foot, Arthur Wynne, M.B., L. R. C.S.1, L.K.Q.C.P., 21, Lower

Pembroke-street.

. Garnett, William Stawell, Williamstown, Kells.

. Geoghegan, Thomas Grace, M.D., F.R.C.S.1., 4, Upper a a street.
. Geoghegan, Thomas, 4, Upper Mérrion- street.

. Good, John, F.R.G. S. I, 17, Creighton-street.

; Grainger, Rev. John, University Club.

. Griffith, Sir Richard, Bart., LL.D., M.R.1.A., F.G.8., F.R.G.S.1, 2,

‘Fitzwilliam-place, South.

. Grimshaw, Thomas W., M.B., C.M., L.R.C.S.1., 18, Molesworth-street.
. Haughton, James, Ohieen Lodge, Duncannon, Co. Wexford.

. Hodges, William, Bank of Ireland.

. Howard, Francis John, Kenilworth-square, Rathgar.

. Hudson, Alfred, M.D., 2, Merrion-square, North.

. Jacob, A. H., M.D., F.R.C.S.1., 23, Ely-place.

. Johnston, Maziere, 7, Synnott-place.

. Jones, Admiral Theobald, F.L.S., F.G.S., 18, Harcourt-street,

. Jukes, Joseph Beete, Director G. S. I., F. R. S., M. R. I. A., 72, Upper

Leeson-street.

. Kift, Thomas, Minnowbrook, Roundtown.
. Kinahan, Edward H., 11, Merrion-square, North.
. Lalor, John Joseph, 2, Longford-terrace, Salthill.

x

Elected.

1863.

1862.
1865.
1859.
1859.
1865.

1862.
1862.
1863.

1864.
1863.
1861.
1863.
1863.

1859.
1853.
1863.
1866.
1854.
1840.
1860.
1848.
1859.
1866.
1858.

1858.
1864.
1856.
1854.

1866.
1855.

1866.
1856.
1863.

1856.
1840.
1866.
1859.
1864.
1862.
1855.

1863.
1866.
1866.
1866.
1862.
1865.
1854.

APPENDIX.

4. Law, Robert, M.D., Hon. F. K.Q.C.P., M.R.1.A., 25, Upper Merrion-

street.

. Lee, Rev. William, D. D., Archdeacon of Dublin, 50, Lower Leeson-street.
. Mackey, Alderman J.W., J. P., Clonsilla House, Clonsillu.

. Mathews, Edward, 62, Middle Abbey-street.

. Maziere, William, 1, Gardiner’s-place.

. de Moleyns, Lieut.-Col., the Hon. Dayrolles Blakeney, Burnham House,

Dingle.

. Montgomery, Thomas Alexander, Howth.
. Montgomery, Alexander John, Howth.
. Moore, David, Ph. D., F.L.S8., M.R.1.A., Director Royal Dublin Society’ s

Botanic Garden, Glasnevin.

. Moore, Robert H., F.R.C.S.1L, 28, Upper Merrion-street.

- Morgan, John, M.D., F.R.C_S.1I., 23, Stephen’s-green, North.

. Mulvany, John §S., 50, Lower Sackville-street.

. Macalister, Alexander, L.K.Q.C.P., L.R.C.S.1., 11, Gardiner’s-place.

M‘Donnell, Robert, M.D., F.R.C.S.1L, F.R.S., M.R.I.A., 14, Lower
Pembroke- pone.

. M‘Dowel, Benjamin G., M.D., C.M., F.R.C.S.1,, 29, Gardiner’ s-place.
5 M‘Dougall, William, M. R.1: A., Drumlish House, ‘Carriekbrack, Howth.
. Napier, Right Hon. Joseph, M.R. I.A., 4, Merrion-square, South.

- Nolan, Edward, 1, Palmerston Villas, Upper Rathmines.

. Norton, Captain John, Goldsmith-terrace, Bray.

, Nugent, Daniel, 7, Denmark-street.

. O’Brien, Octavius, F.R.G.S.1., 23, Kildare-street.

. O'Mahony, Rev. Thaddeus, 28, Trinity College ; and 87, Waterloo-road.
. Peacock, Peter Leslie, Merrion-square.

. Perrin, Richard, 97, Upper Mount-street.

. Porte, George, M.R.1.A., F.R.G.S.1., Lansdowne Lodge, Beggarsbush-

road.

. Reeves, Robert, 22, Merrion-square.

. Reeves, Robert Cary, Knock, Co. Clure.

. Roberts, Robert, Bank of Ireland,

. Sanders, Gilbert, M.R.I.A., F.R.G.S.1., Foster-place ; and ‘‘The Hill,”

Monkstown.

. Smith, Fergus, 71, Lower Baggot-street.
. Smith, Robert William, M.D., F.R.C.S I.,M.R.1.A.,F.R.G.S.1., 63,

Eccles-street.

. Smith, Walter, 121, Lower Baggot-street.
. Stephens, Henry Colclough, 8, Pembroke-place ; and Greenwood, Shankill.
. Stokes, William, Jun, M. D.,C. M., L. RB. C.S. I., 5, Merrion-square,

North.

. Sutherland, Alexander, 60, Upper Sackville-street.

. Todhunter, Joseph, 3, College-green.

. Tyner, G. St.G., M.D., Steevens’ Hospital.

. Vickers, Henry Thomas, 81, Lower Leeson-street.

. Waller, George A., 5, Brighton Vale, Monkstown.

. Walpole, William White, Windsor Lodge, Monkstown.

. West, Very Rev. John, D.D., M.R.1.A., Dean of St. Patrick’s, 6, Wilton-

place.

. Whiteside, Right Hon. J., Chief Justice Queen’s Bench, 2, Mountjoy-square.
3. Williams, William, Weatiorelanidestpece.

. Wilson, G. Orr, A. M., Dunardagh, Blackrock.

é Wilson, Henry, F.R. 6.8.1, 29, Lower Baggot-street.

. Wilson, Thomas, 79, Waterloo-road.

; Woodworth, Joseph A. 17, Shaw-street.

- Wright, E. Perceval, M.D., ¥.R.C.S.1., F.L. & Z.8., MB. LAS ee

fessor of Zoology Dublin ‘University, 5, Trinity College. ; and 10, Clare-
street.

APPENDIX. 2. 91

ASSOCIATE MEMBER.
Elected.

1865. 1. Gloyne, C., 5, Haddington-terrace.

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

[Those marked with an asterisk (*) have paid 5s. Subscription for the last year, and are
thus entitled to receive a Copy of the current Part of the ‘* Proceedings.’’]

1865. 1. Alexander, Surgeon, R. N., Queenstown.

- Bowerbank, J. Scott, LL. D., F.R.S., F.L.8., F. G.S., Highbury Grove,
Islington, London.
1865. . Brady, G. F., F. R. C. 8. E., Strabane.
1863. 9. Browne, Captain Thomas, F. L. 8., Manchester.
1863. 10. Bryce, James, Jun., F.G.S., Glasgow.
1863. 11. Burkitt, Robert J., M. D., 5, Lady-lane, Waterford..
1851. 12. Carroll, Isaac, Cork.
1855. 13. Chandlee, Thomas, Cork.
1863. 14. Clarke, Rev. Benjamin, A. M., Tuam, Galway.
1863. 15. Crozier, Lieutenant, R. E.
1863. 16. Dale, J.C., F. L.S., Granville, Wootton, Sherborne, Dorset.
1865. 17. Delap, Rev. A., Milford.
1863. 18. Dickie, George, M. D., F. L. 8., Professor of Botany, Aberdeen.
1860. 19. Divers, Edward, M. D.
1857. 20. Dixon, Rev. Robert Vickers, D.D., Ex-F. T. C. D., Clougherney Rectory,
Dungannon.
1863. 21. Douglas, J. W., 6, Kingswood Terrace, Lea, Kent.
1841, 22. DuNoyer, George V., M. R.I. A., Blackrock.
1863. 23. Enniskillen, Right Hon. the Earl of, F.R.S., M.R.I. A., Florence Court,
Enniskillen.
1856. 24. Emerson, Rev. J. M., Ballilinan, Athy.
*1857. 25. Foot, Frederick J... M.A., F.R.G.S.1., Geological Survey, Boyle.
*1859. 26. Gage, R. Connolly, Rathlin Island, Ballycastle.
*1864. 27. Gahan, Alfred, C. E., Donegal.
1863. 28. Garner, Robert, F. L. S., Stoke-upon- Trent.
*1863. 29. Gordon, Rev. George, The Manse, Birnie, Elgin, N. B.
1863, 30. Gosse, Philip Henry, F.R.S., Sandhurst, Torquay.
1863. 31. Grainger, John, Belfast.
1863. 32. Greene, Rev. Joseph, Cubbley Rectory, Doveridge, Derbyshire.
*1864. 33. Harte, William, C. E., F.R.G.S.1., Bumerana.
1858. 34. Harvey, Rev. Robert, Leck Glebe, Letterkenny.
1841, 35. Hassall, A.H., M. D., London.
1865. 36. Haughton, Lieutenant, R. A., St. Helena.
1863. 37. Higgins, Rev. H., Liverpool.
1863. 38. Hodges, J. F., Professor of Agriculture, Belfast.
1863. 39. Hogan, Rev. A.R., M. A., Shaftsbury, Dorsetshire.
1863. 40. Hooker, J. Dalton, M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.8., Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew.
1863. 41. Humphreys, John, Cork.
1863. 42. Hyndman,-E. C., Belfast.
*1864. 43. Ingham, Captain J. C., Athlone.
1863. 44. Janson, E. W., London.
1863. 45. Jardine, SirW., F.R.S., F.L.S., Jardine Hall, Damfriesshire.
1863. 46. Jeffreys, J. Gwynne, F.R. S., Swansea.
1858 47. Jones, Rev. H. H., Adare.
1857. 48. Kennedy, William, Rathkeale.
*1857. 49. Kinahan, George Henry, Geological Survey, Galway.

1863. 2. Allman, George J., M.D., F.R.C.S.L, F.R.S., M.R.I, A., Regius
Professor of Natural History, University of Edinburgh.
1863. 3. Allman, R. L., Bandon, Co. Cork.
*1863. 4. Babington, Charles Cardale, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F. G.S., Profes-
sor of Botany, St. John’s College, Cambridge.
1863. 5. Baikie, W. Balfour, M.D., Haslar Hespital, Gosport.
*1861. 6. Blackett, Edward R., M. D., Southwold, Wangford, Sussew.
1863. 7
8

xl

Elected.
1863.
1863.
1863.

1863.
1858.
1863.
1857.
1858.
1852.
1863.
1863.
1863.
1858.
1861.
1863.
1863.

1865.
1860.
1860.
1857.
1863.
*1863.
1858.
1863.
1863.
1863.
1863.
1860.
1863.

1860.
1863.
1863.
1863.
1851.
*1861.
1863.
1863.
*1859.
1863.
1845.
1863.

*1857.

50.
. Knox, Rev. Thomas, A. M., Lurgan.
. Lankester, Edwin, M. D., LL. D., F.R.S., F. L.8., 8, Savile-row, Lon-

APPENDIX.

King, W., Professor of Geology, Queen’s College, Galway.

don.

. Lane, P. W., M. D., M. R. C.S.E., Newtownlimavady.

. Lawson, Henry, M. D., London.

. Lea, John Walter, The Grange, Shepperton-green, Chertsey, Surrey.
. Leckey, W., Valentia Island.

. Loughran, William, A. L.S., Polperro.

. Lowe, Edward J., F. R. A.S., F.L.S., F. G. S., Nottingham.

. M‘Andrew, Robert, F. R.S., F.L.8., Islesworth.

. M‘Gee, William, M. D., Donegal-square, Belfast.

. M‘Ilwaine, Rev. W., M. A., Hampton, Belfast.

. Martin, J., Portlaw.

. Mayne, Rev. Charles, A. M., Killaloe.

. Meade, R. H., Bradford, Yorkshire.

. Melville, Alexander, M. D., Professor of Natural History, Queen’s College,

Galway.

- Murray, J. S., Milford.

. Newton, Alfred, M. A., F.L. S., Hlvedon Hall, Chetford, Sussex.

. O’Brien, George, M. D., Ennis.

. O'Kelly, Joseph, C. E., Geological Survey.

. Ogilby, William, F. R. S., Lisclean, Dunamanagh.

. O’Meara, Rev. Eugene, A. M., Newcastle-Lyons Rectory, Hazethatch.
. Palmer, Sandford, Ballinlough, Roscrea.

. Phillips, John, M. A., LL. D., F. R.S., Oxford.

. Portlock, Major-General, R. E., LL. D., F.R. 8S.

. Redfern, P., M. D.

. Robinson, Rev. G. T.

. Roland, J., M. D., Bangor.

. Sclater, Philip Luttley, M. A., Ph. D., F. R.S., F. L. S., 11, Hanover-

square, London.

. Sigerson, George, M. D.

. Smith, Frederick, British Museum, London.

. Stainton, H.T., F.L.S., F. G. 8., Lewisham, Kent.
. Thompson, Wyville, LL. D., Belfast.

. Townsend, Ven. Hamilton, Collooney.

. Vize, Rev. John E., Bath.

. Waller, Edward, Lissenderry, Aughnacloy.

. Ward, N.B., F.R.S., F.L.8., London.

. Warren, Robert, Jun., Moyview, Ballina.

. Westwood, J. O., A. M., F. LL. 8., Ozford.

. Wilson, Lieut., R. N.

. Wollaston, Thomas Vernon, A. M., F. L. 8., Hereford-street, Park-lane,

London.

-. Wynne, A. B., Geological Survey.

ToTaL NuMBER oF MEeMBERs OF THE Society aT NoveMBER 1, 1866.

Honorary Members,” 20 a. arg ee emer
Life Members, ote ee ae eee eee
Annual Members, Paes eer eee StU

Associate Member) >). (=. ase eens
Corresponding Members,. . . . . 91

238

[ Corrections of Errors, or Omissions, will be thankfully received by the Secretaries,
addressed, Royau IntsH ACADEMY Housr, DAwson-sTREET, DUBLIN. |

xll

APPENDIX.

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R. MACALISTER’S PAPER ON THE MUSCLES IN CERTAIN MONKEYS.

anes INSTITUTIO

il il T nant

| CONTENTS,

i

‘eport from Council, presented November 3rd, 1865, . . .
Totes on Colias edusa. By E. Percevan Wrieut, M. D., F..L. g. :

éscription of a New Species of Bulbochete Ce By Way
ArcHER. (Plate IL), . . M2

4, On the Occurrence of Fincsaonaen Wilsoni in dee neiaktouteea!
of Boyle; with notice of New Stations for some of our rarer Plants
in the surrounding District. By F. J. Foor, M. A., F.R. G.S.L,

5. Notes on Irish Lepidoptera. By WiLL1AmM ANDREWS, M. RAL A.) 2) 2

6. Occasional Notes on the Occurrence of Rare Birds on the Shores of the _
River Moy and Killala Bay. (No. 1V.) By Roxsert WARREN, ie

7. Natural History Notes. By E. H. Krnawan, F.R.G.S8.L,; .. 2

8. On the Possibility of Naturalizing the Ringed Snake ( Propidonotas
natriz) in Ireland. By HK. H. Bennett, M. D., :

9. Remarks on Oxyurus ambigua. By Joun Barxur, M. D. M. R. 1. ‘AS 6 31
10. Remarks on Dodo Bones. By E. Percevat Wricut, M. D., F. iby Ss, 38

11. On Certain Muscular Peculiarities in Monkeys. By ALEXANDER a
Macatister, M.B., L.R.C.8.1. (Plate VI.), . . tec:

12, Remarks on Trawling. By Wit1as Awonawa, M1 d/a 2)
13. Remarks on Scotopelia Peli. By E. PercevaL Wricut, M.D.,F.L.S.,

14. On Fossil Plants from the South of Ireland. Part I. ee Wie
Hever Barry, F.0.8.,F.R.G.8.1, . .

15. Do. do. Part II.,

16. Ona Case of Hemiplegia in a Moukey, consequent on an Thay of the
Head. By the Rev. Samugrt Haveurton, M. D., F. T. C. D.,

17. Catalogue of the Lepelnies of Ireland. By ae BrrcHatt. -

(Plate LS hee ee al 5
18. Natural History Noles aes in AHEE 1866 (Co May ). By Groner
Henry Kinanan, F.R.G.S.1,. . is

19. Notes on Salmon Hatching. By GrorGE i. en P, R. G. s. t- Ras

20. Addenda to the Musci and Hepatice of ‘ Flora Hibernica,” with addi
tional Habitats for a few of the rarer area, Py Davy, Moore
PheDa MM. Re has a Bae iy

21. Remarks on the Rowel. By R. P. Waele M. R 1 ae 5

Annual General Meeting; Council and Officers for 1865-66, . .

Additions to Museum, sna auth. : ; :

APPENDIX, ss
Societies to which Part ILI. of Vol. IV. of the “ Proceedings” he has bee
Publications of other Societies received, . . . . . « a

Publications received from Private Individuals, ;
List of Members of the Natural History Society of Dublin, « :
Treasurer’s Account (to Never, oe Me 4

Plates IIL., IV., and V. will appear in Part IL. of V« Vv.

oie Dublin : Printed at the University Press, by. M.