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Return to

LIBRARY OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY

WOODS HOLE, MASS.

Loaned by American Museum of Natural History

OF THE

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF PHILADELPHIA

VOL. VI. 1852, 1853.

PHILADELPHIA.

PRINTED FOR THE ACADEMY,

By Merrihew & Thompson, Merchant street, above Fourth,

1854.

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*iw.

A i> W

INDEX TO VOLUME VI,

Abell, John, deposit in museum, lxiv.

Abert, Col. J. J., don. to lib., xxviii.,
xxxii., lxxiii.

Acad. C. L. C. Nat.- Curiosorum, don.
to lib. xiv., xlix., lix„ lxxvi.

Acad. Nationale des Sci. &c. de Lyon,
don. to lib. lxix.

Adams, Prof. C. B., don. to lib., xxxvi,
xlviii.

9 Agardh, J. G., don. to lib., xlv.

Agassiz, Prof., communication from, in
relation to Cambarus Gambelii, 375.

Agnew, Rev. Win, G., don. to mus.
lxxv.

Albany Institute, don. to lib., lvi.

American Academy of Arts aod Sci.,
don. to lib., lxix.

American Philosophical Society, don.
to lib., ix., xxv., lxxvi.

American Pomolog. Society, don. to
lib., xlix.

Anatomical Collection of the late Dr.
S. G. Morton, presented by members
and others, lxiv.

Annals of Science, don. of by Editor,
lxv, lxvi, lxix, lxxi, lxxii, lxxiii,
lxxviii.

Andrews, Israel D., don. t» lib., lxxvi.

Ashmead, Chas. C., don. to mus., xxxv.
lix.

Ashmead, Samuel, don. to mus., xvi.,
xxxv., xliv., lxxii. Remarks on a
collection of Marine Algae, 147.

Audubon and Bachman, description of
a new American Fox, 114.

Baird, Prof. S. F., note in reference to
Vulpes Utah, 124.

Baird, Prof, and C. Girard, on the cha¬
racters of some new Reptiles in the
Museum of the Smithsonian Institu¬
tion, 68, 125, 173; Descriptions of
new species of Reptiles, collected by
the U. S. Expl. Exp., Capt. Wilkes,
174, 420 ; List of Reptiles collected
in California by Dr. J. Le Conte, with

descriptions of new species, 300 ;
Descriptions of some new Fishes from
the River Zuni, 368 ; Description of
new species of Fishes, collected by
Mr. John H. Clark, on the U. S and
Mexican Boundary Commission, 387;
Description of new species ef Fishes,
collected by Capts. Marcy and Mc¬
Clellan in Arkansas, 390.

Bache, Prof. F., don. to lib., lxxviii.

Bailey, Prof. J. W., (see Harvey.)

Barry, Rev. A. C.,don. to mus.,lxviii.

Bathygnathus borealis, lower jaw of,
presented by Dr. Leidy, Mr. Lea and
W. S. Vaux, lxxiv.

Bischoff, Dr. G. G.. don. to lib., xxxviii.

Blagge, Benj., don. to mus., xliv.

Bland, Thomas, don. to lib., xlv.

Boston Soc. of Nat. History, don. to lib.
by, ii., vi., xi., xiv., xvii., xxviii.,
xxxiii., xlix., lvi., Iviii., lxvii., lxx.

Botto, G. D., don. to lib., ii.

Boue, Dr. Ami, don. to lib., lxxvii.
j Brasier, A. J., don. to lib., lxvii.

Bridges, Dr. R., don. to lib., xiv.

Brown, F., Jr., don. to mus., lxiv.

Browne, Peter A., don. to lib., xxii.

Budd, Dr. C. H., don. to mus., viii.,xvi.
xvii.

Burtt, Dr., U. S. N., don. to mus., i.,
viii., xvi., xvii., xxvii., xxxii. ; don.
to lib., xxii. ; on the influence of Sul¬
phuretted Hydrogen arising from the
Bay of Callao on Fishes in its waters, i.

Butler, Pierce, don. to mus., liii.

By-Laws, amendments to, 375, 403.

Carson, Prof. Jos., don. to lib., xiv. 1.

Carter, Dr. Charles, don. to mus., lxiv.

Cassin, John, don. to mus.,i. ; remarks
on the Birds from the Arctic regions,
presented by Dr. Kane, 107 ; an¬
nouncement of Dr. Heermann’s re¬
turn from California, 147 ; Descrip¬
tion of new species of Birds in the
collection of the Acad. Nat. Sci., 184 ;

IV.

INDEX.

Catalogue of Halcyonidae, 188 ; Re¬
marks on a new species of Scalops
v from Oregon, 242 ; Catalogue of Hi-
rundinidae in Collection of Acad. Nat.
Sci., 369 ; Description of new species
of Hirundinidae and Psittacidae, in
Collection of A. N. S., 369 ; Synop¬
sis of Falconidae of America north of
Mexico, 450.

Charleston Med. Journal and Review,
don. of, by Editors, vii., xiv., xxx.,
xxxviii., 1., lviii., lxvii., lxx., lxxii.,
lxxviii.

Clapp, Dr. A., don. to lib., lxv.

Clay, Jos. A., don. to mus., lxiv.

Coates, Dr. B. H., don. to mus., vii.;
correction of an error in Dr. Smyth’s
work on the Unity of the Human
Races, 191.

Cole, Mrs., don. to lib., lxxviii.

Committee on Proceedings, Report by,

219.

Committee on Mammalogy, Report by,

220.

Committee to communicate with Com.
Perry, in relation to making collec¬
tions in India, by the U. S. Japan
Exp., 55.

Committee on the purchase of Dr. Mor¬
ton’s Anatomical collection, 304.

Committee on the occasion of the de¬
cease of J. Price Wetherill, 376.

Committees, Standing, for 1852, 30 ; for
1853, 239.

Committees on Scientific Papers : By
Dr. Wetherill; Examination of Mo¬
lybdate of Lead, from Phcenixville,
Penna., 52 and 117; Chemical Inves¬
tigation of the Honey Ant, 107 ; on
the food of the Queen Bee, 117; on
Mr. Sumner’s Analyses of the Cotton
Plant and Seed, as communicated by
Dr. Wetherill, 195: By Mr. Lea;
description of a new species of Sym-
phynote Unio, 52; description of a
fossil Saurian, from the New Red
Sandstone of Penna., 72 ; on some
new fossil Molluscs in the Carbonife¬
rous Slates of Penna., 72 ; Descrip¬
tion of a new species of Eschara, 106;
Notice of the Mya nodulosa Wood,
325 : By Col. G. A. McCall : descrip¬
tion of a new species of Carpodacus,
56 : By Dr. Woodhouse; Description
of new species of Vireo and Zonotri-
chia, 56j Description of a new species
of Lepus, 72 ; of a new species of
Ectopistes, 72 ; Description of a new
species of Sciurus, 106 ; description of
a new species of Numenius, 192 ; new

species of Geomys and Perognathus,
195 ; new species of Struthus, 196 ; a
new species of Dipodomys, 224 ; a
new species of Hesperomys, 240: By
Dr. Leconte ; Remarks on Coleop-
tera from Arkansas and New Mexico,
58; Synopsis of the Anthicites of the
United States, 71; Synopsis of the
species of Pterosticus, 107 ; on the
Coccinellidae of the U. S., and on a
new species of Trombidium, 124; no¬
tice of fossil Dicotyles from Missouri,
and on some fossil Pachyderms from
Illinois, 1 ; Hints towards a natural
classification of the family Histrini,34;
Synopsis of the Parnidae of the U. S.,
34; Synopsis of theJEucnemidse of tem¬
perate N. America, 34 ; Description
of a new species of Sciurus, 147 ;
Catalogue of Melyrides of the U. S.,
147 ; Synopsis of the Scydmaenida? of
the U. S., 148; Synopsis of the genus
Geomys Raf., 148 ; description of 20
new species of Coleoptera of the U.
S., 223 ; Synopsis of the Silphales of
America north of Mexico, and Synop¬
sis of the Scaphidilia of the U. S.,
240; Synopsis of the species of Abrreus
inhabiting the U. S., 241 ; Synopsis
of the Meloides of the U. S., and Sy¬
nopsis of the Endomychidas, Rhipi-
ceridae and Cyphonidae of the U. S.,'
323 ; Description of new Coleoptera
from Texas, 438: By C. Girard: Ob¬
servations on N. American Astaci,
58 ; descriptions of new Nemerteans
and Planarians from the coast of
Carolina, 325 ; Observations on the
American species of Esox, and note
on a nest constructed by Catfishes,
377 ; Researches upon Nemerteans
and Planarians, 434 : By Prof. Baird
and C. Girard; On new Reptiles in
the Museum of the Smithsonian In¬
stitution, 59, 117 and 148; descrip¬
tion of new Reptiles collected by U.
S. Expl. Exp., Capt. Wilkes, 171;
description of new species of Reptiles
from California, collected by Dr. Le
Conte, 241 ; description of new fishes
from the River Zuni, 326 ; description
of Fishes collected in Arkansas by
Capts. Marcy and McClelland, and
descriptions of Fishes collected by
Mr. Clarke oa the U. S. and Mexican
Boundary Survey, 379: By Dr. Hallo-
well; on new species of Reptiles from
Western Africa, 58; descriptions of
new Reptiles from Oregon, 172 ; on
some new Reptiles inhabiting North

INDEX.

V.

America, 172 ; on a new genus and
two new species of Reptiles inhabit¬
ing N. America, 195 ; on anew genus
and new species of African Serpents,
198 ; on new Reptiles from California,
225 : By Prof. Dana ; Crustacea of
Expl. f xp., 59: By Dr. Leidy;
on the Osteology of the head of the
Hippopotamus, &c., 59; description
of Bathygnathus borealis, 438. By
Dr. Owen ; notice of a Mineral from
California, 72 : By Dr. Genth , on
some minerals which accompany
Gold from California, 107 ; on Rhodo-
phyllite, 118; on a probably new ele¬
ment with Iridosmene and Platinum
from California, 198 ; on a new va¬
riety of gray Copper, and on Uwenite,
a new mineral, 241: By the Rev. Mr.
Longstreth : on the impregnation
of the eggs of the Queen Bee, 34:
By Mr. Cassin ; Catalogue of Hal-
cyonidae, in the Collection of the
Acad. Nat. Sci., 172; on new species
of Birds in the Collection of the Aca¬
demy, 172 ; description of a new spe¬
cies of Scalops from Oregon, 241 ;
Catalogue of Hirundinidae in the Col¬
lection of the Acad. Nat. Sci., and on
new species of Swallows and Parrots
in same collection, 326 : Synopsis of
the Falconidae of America north of
Mexico, 439: By Mr. Tuomey ; des¬
criptions of fossil shells from the Ter¬
tiary of the Southern States, 192: By
Dr. Heermann ; Notes on the Birds
of California, 195 ; Catalogue of the
Oological Collection of the Acad. Nat.
Sci., 241 : By Mr. Conrad ; descrip¬
tion of new fossil shells of the United
States, and remarks on the Tertiary
Strata of St. Domingo and of Vicks¬
burg, Miss., 196 ; Notes on Shells and
descriptions of new species, 197 ; Sy¬
nopsis of the N. American Naiades,
240 ; description of a new species of
Unio, 315, and monograph of the ge¬
nus Fulgur, 315; Monograph of the
genus Argonauta, and synopsis of the
genus Cassidula, and description of a
new genus Athleta, 438 ; omissions
and corrections to Synopsis of North
American Naiades, 438 : By Dr. Hoy ;
descriptions of Owls from Wisconsin,
197 ; Notes on the Ornithology of
Wisconsin, 240: By Major Le Conte ;
on the Vine's of N. America, 395; de¬
scription of a new species of Pa-
cane nut, 395 ; description of three
new species of Arvicola, &c., 403 ;

Observations on Crotalus durissusand
C. adamanteus, 404 : By Dr. F.
Greene ; on the chemical inves¬
tigation of the remains of fossil
Mammalia, 241:* By the Rev. Mr.
Berkeley and Rev. M. A. Curtis ;
on the Exotic Fungi from the
Schweinitz Herbarium in the Acad.
Nat. Sci., 242 : By Lieut. Maury :
Observations on Atmospheric Pres¬
sure, 304 : By Prof. Haldeman ; des¬
cription of new species of Insects,
325 : By Dr. M. C. Read;’ Notes on
the Birds of northern Ohio, 395 : By
Professors Harvey and Bailey ; De¬
scription of new species of Diato-
maceae, collected by U- S. Exploring
Exp., Capt. Wilkes, 430 : By Dr- S.
Weir Mitchell ; On the influence of
the Respiration on the Pulse, 435.
Conrad, ^T. A., don. to mus., x\ii.,xliv.
Remarks on the Tertiary Strata of
St. Domingo, and of Vicksburg, Miss.,
198; Notes on Shells, 199, 320; Sy¬
nopsis of the Naiades of North Ame¬
rica, 243 ; Monograph of the genus
Fulgur, 316; Synopsis of the genus
Cassidula and of a proposed new ge¬
nus Athleta, 448 ; Omissions and cor¬
rections to Synopsis of N. A. Naiades,
449.

Correspondents elected. —

Antisell, Dr. Thos., New York, 171.
Barry, Rev. A. C., Wisconsin, 403.
Dalton, Dr. H. G., Dernerara, 124.
Daniel, Dr. Wm. F., Africa, 146.

De Candolle, Prof. Alphonse, Geneva,
324.

Ford, Dr. H. A., Africa. 56.

Foster, J. W., New York, 50.

Fox, Rev. Charles, Michigan, 403.
Hartlaub, Dr. G., Bremen, 315.
Hartmann, Dr. Wm.D., Westchester,
Pa., 373.

Hoy, Dr. Philo R., Wisconsin, 403.
Kennedy, Dr. H. W., Buenos Ayres,
195.

Le Conft, Prof. John, Georgia, 458.
Lynch, Commander Wm. F., U. S.
N., 146.

Maury, Lieut. M. F., U. S. N., 239.
Marsh, Dexter, Mass., 146.
Newberry, Dr. J. S., Ohio, 403,
Perley,M.H., St. John’s, N. B-, 171.
Porter, Rev. Thos. G., Penna., 394.
Potter, Rt. Rev. Alonzo, Penna. 171.
Schaum, Dr. H., Berlin, 315.

Smith, J. Broome, California, 195.
Wagner, Prof. A., Munich, 315.
Webber, Dr. Samuel, N. H., 30.

VI.

INDEX.

Whitney, J. D., New York, 50.
Cotting, Dr. B. E., don. to lib., xlviii.
Costa, Achille, don. to lib., lxviii.
Cramer, Charles, don. to rnus., lxi.
Creot, Alfred, don. to mus., lxxii.
Curators, Report of, for 1852, 218; for
1853,456. _

Curtis, Rev. M. At, don. to mus.,xvii.,
don. to lib., v.

Cuttle, John, don. to mus., i.

Dalton, Dr. H. G., don. to mus., xvii.

Dana, Prof. J. D., Conspectus of the
Crustacea of the Exploring Expedi¬
tion, Capt. Wilkes, 73.

Daniel, Dr. Wm. F., don. to lib., xviii.

Darlington, Dr. Wm., don. to lib.,
lxv.

Daubree, Wm. A., don. to lib., xxiv.

Dawson, J. W.,don. to mus., lxiv., don.
to lib, lxviii.

De la Berge, M., don. to mus., xxxv.

Delafield, Dr. E., don. to lib., lii.

Dowler, Dr. B., don. to lib., xxx. lxix.

Durand, Elias, don. to lib., lii.

Ecole des Mines, don. by, of Annalesdes
Mines, ix., xxxi., lv., lxix., lxxxi.
Edwards, Amory, don. to mus., vii.
Edwards, Mr., don. to mus., liii., lviii.,
lxviii.

Elwyn, Dr. A. L., don. to lib. xiii. ;

deposit in lib. xxxvi.

Engelmann, Dr. Geo., don. to mus.
xliv., lxiv.

Eschricht, Dr. D. E., don. to lib. lxxvi.

Fahnestock, G. W.,don. to mus. xxxvi.,
xliv., liii.

Faraday, M., don. to lib. xv. -

Fisher, Dr. J. C., remarks on the aurora
borealis 51 ; don. to lib. vi.

Fisher, Thomas, don. to mus. i., xvii,
xliv. ; don. to lib. lxxiii.

Flourens, M.,don. to lib. lxxviii.

Ford, Dr. H. A., don. to mus. i., lxviii.;
on the characteristics of the Troglo¬
dytes gorilla, 30.

Foster, J. W., don. to lib. 1.

Frazer, Prof., don. to lib. lxxii.

or

&

the MSS v of the late Dr. Gambel, of
his last overland journey to Cali¬
fornia, 439.

Geological Society of London, don. to
lib., ii., xiv., xxiii., xxiv., liv , lxvii.,
lxix., lxxv.

Geological Society of Germany, don. to
lib., lxxvi., lxxvii.

Genth, Dr. F. A., don. to mus. xvii. ;
on some minerals which accompany
gold in California, 113 ; on Stron-
tiano-calcite, 114; on Rhodophyllite,
121 ; on some salts of Cobalt and
Ammonia, 147 ; on a probably new
element with Iridosmine and Pla¬
tinum from California, 209 ; on a new
variety of Gray Copper, 296; on
Owenite, 297,

Germain, L. J., don. to rnus. lxxii.

Gibbes,Dr. R. W., don. to mus. lxxiv.:
don. to lib. lxxii.; letter from, pre¬
senting an aboriginal cranium from
South Carolina, 433.

Gibbons, Dr., don. to mus. lix.

Gilliams, H., don. to mus. viii.

Gilliams, J., don. to mus. xxxvi.

Gillou, Constant, don. to mus., liii.

Girard, Charles, don. to lib., vi., xxx.,
lxxii.; Revision of the North Ameri¬
can Astaci, 87 ; description of New
Nemerteans and Planarians from the
Carolina Coast, 365 ; observations on
a species of Rana, and of Bufo, from
Oregon, 378 ; description of a sup¬
posed new species of Salmo, 380 ; re¬
marks on Professor Agassiz’ commu-
cation on Cambarus Gambelii, &c.,
380 ; on the American species of
Esox, 386; on a nest constructed by
Catfish es, 387.

Gistl,Dr. J., don. to lib. xxx.

Graham, Col. J. D., don to lib. lvi.

Grant, Wm., don. to mus. xvii.

Greene, Dr. F. V., Chemical investiga¬
tion of the remains of fossil Mam¬
malia, 292.

Gries, Wm., don. to lib. xxiii.

Grube, Prof. E., don. to lib. lxxv.

Haidinger, Wm., don. to lib. xlv.,xlvi.

Haldeman, Prof. S. S., don. to mus.
xxvii., xxviii., lxiv., lxviii.; don. to
lib. xxiii. ; remarks on some albino
specimens of Tamias Lysteri, 198;
description of new species of insects,
361 ; proposition to change Meloc par¬
vus to M. parvulus, 404.

Hallovvell, Dr. E., don. to mus. lxxii.,

Gambel, Mrs., letter from, presentin;

INDEX.

Yll.

Ixxiv. ; on new reptiles from Western i
Africa, 62 ; on some new reptiles in¬
habiting N. America, 177 ; on new
species of reptiles from Oregon, 182 ;
on a new genus and new species of
African Serpents, 203; on a new
genus and new species of reptiles in¬
habiting N. America, 206; on some
new reptiles from California, 236.

Hanley, M., don. to mus. viii.

Harris, Edward, don. to mus. xvii.

Harris, Mr., don. to mus. viii.

Hartmann, Dr. Wm. D., don. to mus. i.,
viii., xxvii. ; don. to lib. lxii.

Harvey, Profs. W. H., & J. W. Bailey,
on new species of Diatomaceae, col¬
lected by the U. S. Exploring Expe¬
dition, Capt. Wilkes, 430.

Hayes, Dr. Isaac, remarks on a tooth
of the fossil Tapir, 53; don. to mus.
i., vii., lxviii.

Henderson, Dr. A., don. to mus. i., viii.

Heermann, Dr. A. L., don. to mus.,
xxviii., xxxv., xxxvi., xliv., liii.,
lviii., lxiv. ; Catalogue of the Oolo-
gical Collection of the Acad. Nat.
Sci-, 313.

Henry, Dr. T. Charlton, don. to mus.,
viii.

Hiester, Dr., don. to mus. xvi.

Hildreth, Dr. S. P., don. to lib., lxxvi.

Historical Society of Penna., don. to
lib., Ixxiii.

Histoire Nat., &c., de Pile de Cuba,
don. of by members, xi., lxxxiii.

Holmes, Prof. F. S., don. to mus.,
xxxvi.,, circular from 124.

Hoopes, B. H., don. to mus., xliv.

Hooper, John, don. to lib., xiii.

Hopkins, Wm., don. to lib., xxiv.

Horsfield, Dr. Thomas, don. to lib.,
xxviii., lvi.

Hoy, Dr. Philo R., description of new
Owls, from Wisconsin, 210; Notes
on the Ornithology of Wisconsin, 304,
381, 425.

Imperial Geological Institute of Vien¬
na, don. to lib., lxv., lxxvii.

Jackson, Dr. Charles T., don. to lib.,
iii., 1.

Jackson, Dr. J. B. S., don. to lib., lxix.

Janney, Dr. A., don. to mus., xvi.

Jessup A., don. to mus., xvi., lix.. lxiv.

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and
Eastern Asia, don. of by editors, vii.,
xv., xxiv., xxxii., xxxvi., xlv., lviii.,
lxviii., lxix., Ixxv.

Kane, Dr. E. K., don. to mus., xvii.,
liii., lxviii., don. to lib., lxviii.,
lxxviii ; announcement by, of a new
Amer. Arctic Expedition, in search
of Sir John Franklin, 196.

Keefer, T. C., don. to lib., lix.

Kennedy, Dr. H. W., don. to mus..
xxxvi., don. to lib., xl., xlii., xliv.

Kern, E. L., don. to mus., viii.

Kern, R. H., don. to mus., vii., xxvii.

Kilvington, Robert, don. to mus., viii.,
xvii., xxvii.

King, Dr. A. T., don. to mus., lxiv.

Kirtlanu, Dr. 7. P., don. to mus., xxvii.,
lxviii.

Kneeland, Dr. S., Jr., don. to lib., lx.

Krider, John, don. to mus., i., xvii.,
xxvii., lix., lxviii., Ixxv.

Lambert, John, don. to mus., viii.

Langstroth, Rev. L. L., don. to lib.,
lxix. ; on the Honey Ant, of Mexico,
71 ; on the impregnation of the eggs
of the Queen Bee, 49.

Latham, R. T., don to lib., liii.

Latour, M. Huguet, don. to lib., liii.,
liv., lv., lviii., lxi., lxiv.

Lawrence, Geo. N., don. to mus. viii.

Lea, Isaac, don. to mus., viii., xvii.,
Ixxv., don. to lib., vi., ix., xxii., ; on
Dipsas plicatus Leach, 53 ; periodi¬
city of the family Unionidae, 54 ; de¬
scription of a new species of Sym-
phynote Unio, 54; definition of the
term (t Species,” 57 ; on some im¬
pressions of human feet in sandstone,
from Illinois, 106 ; on some shells
from the Drift, near Philadelphia,
106 ; description of a new species of
Eschara, 109; notice ofMyanodulo-
sa, 368 ; on the Castalia sulcata
Krauss, and other Naiades, 376; on
the Mulleria Ferussac, Acostoea D’-
Orbigny, 435 ; on a specimen of
Gneiss bored by Pholas dactylus, 438.

Lea, L., don. to lib., xviii.

Leasure, Dr. D., don. to lib., xviii.

Le Conte, Prof. J., don. to lib., lxxvi.

Le Conte, Major John, don. to mus.,
viii., xvii , xxvii., liii., don. to lib.,
lvi. ; enumeration of the Vines of N.
America, 269 ; remarks on a speci¬
men of Dipsas plicatus containing ar¬
tificial pearls, 326; description of a
new species of Pacane Nut, 402 ; de¬
scription of nine new species of Arvi-
cola, with remarks on other North
American Rodents, 404 ; observations

Vlll.

INDEX.

on the so-called Crotalus durissus, j
and C. adamanteus of authors, 415.

Le Conte, Dr. John L., don. to mus., |
i., vii., viii., xvi., xxvii., xliv. ; don. !
to lib., lxvi. ; on some fossil Suiline j
Pachyderms, from Illinois, 3 : notice
of a fossil Dicotyles, from Missouri, j
5 ; on the difference between primor- j
dial and introduced races, 35 ; on a j
natural classification of the Hist.rini, j
36 ; synopsis of the Parnidae of the
United States, 41 ; synopsis of the j
Eucuemides of temperate N. Ameri¬
ca, 45 ; remarks on a new locality !
for Casteroides Ohioensis, 53 ; on !
some fossil Pachyderms, from Illi-
nois, 56; on some Coleoptera, from
Missouri and New Mexico, collected
by Dr. Woodhouse, 65 ; synopsis of
the Anthicites of the United States,
91; on the Coccinellidae of the U.
States, 129 ; description of a new
species of Trombidium, 145 ; descrip¬
tion of a new species of Sciurus, 149;
synopsis of the Scydmaenidae of the j
United States, 149; attempt at a1
synopsis of the genus Geomys Raf., j
157; Catalogue of the Melyridesofj
the United States, 163; remarks on J
the genus Dipodomys, 224 ; on the
Mexican Ant, 225 ; descriptions of
twenty new species of Coleoptera in¬
habiting the United States, 226 ;
synopsis of the Silphales of America,
north of Mexico, 274 ; synopsis of the
species of Abraeus inhabiting the U.
States, 287 ; remarks on the speci¬
mens of Scalops in the collection of
the Academy, 326 ; synopsis of the
Meloides of the U. States, 328; syn¬
opsis of the Atopidae Rhipiceridae and
Cyphonidae of the United States, 350;
synopsis of the Endomychidae of the
United States, 357 ; description of
new Coleoptera from Texas, collect¬
ed by the Mexican Boundary Com¬
mission, 439.

Leidy, Dr. Joseph, don. to mns., xxvii.,
lxviii.; don. to lib., v., xviii., xxviii., |
liv.,lv., lix., lxii., lxvii.; remarks on a
fossil vertebra, from Ouachita, La.,
52 ; osteology of the Hippopotamus,
52, 53 ; on the fossil Tortoises, from
Nebraska, 59 ; on “ Red Snow,” from
the Arctic regions, 59 ; on two crania
of extinct species of Ox, 71 ; on the
Honey Ant, of Mexico, 72 ; reference
to a fossil tooth of a Tapir, 106 ; re¬
marks on the fossil Ox, 117 ; remarks
on the fossil Edentata of N. America,

117 ; remarks on some fossil teeth of
Rhinoceros, from Nebraska, 2 ; on a
fossil Turtle, from Nebraska, 34; re¬
marks on a fossil Delphinus, from the
Miocene of Virginia, and a fossil Cro-
codilea*n reptile, from New Jersey,
35 ; remarks on Tapirus Haysii, 148;
remarks on various fossil teeth, 241 ;
on some fossil fragments from Nat¬
chez, Miss., 303 ; observations on re¬
mains of extinct Cetacea, from the
green sand of New Jersey, and from
South Carolina and Virginia, 377 ;
remarks on a collection of fossil
Mammalia and Chelonia, from the
Mauvaises Terres of Nebraska, 392;
remarks on a fragment of a jaw of an
extinct Saurian, from Prince Ed¬
ward’s Island, 404 : character ex¬
plained of nodular bodies found in the
tails and fins of fishes, from Cold
Pond, N. H., 433.

Le Gal, E., don. to lib., xiv.

Lepsius, Dr. R., don. to lib., xxxi.
Letters from Individuals —

Adams, Com., U. S. N., 71.

Bache, Prof. A. D., 105.

Baird, Prof. S. F., 438.

Barry, Rev. C., 433.

Bischoff, Dr. G. G., 147.

Blanding, Dr. Wm., 240.

Boue, Dr. M., 435.

Boyd, Lieut., TJ. S., 125.

Chambers, Dr. R. C., 241.

Costa, Sig. Achille, 325.

Cresson, Prof. J. C., 323.

Curtis, Rev. M. A., 105.

Daniel, Dr. Wm. F., 71.

Davis, J. Barnard, 395.

Dawson, J. W., 325.

Ducachet, Rev. Dr., 71.

Dunglison, Dr. R., 240.

Durand, E., 191.

Edwards, Amory, 52.

Ehrlich, Prof., 125.

Espinoza, Signor Juan, 324.
Fahnestock, G. W., 147.

Ford, Dr. H. A., 375.

Fox, Rev. Charles, 433.

Frazer, Prof. J. F., 223.

Gibbes, Dr. R. VV., 403.

Gilman, Charles, 438.

Gibbons, Dr. H., 304.

Gistl, Dr. J., 117.

Grube, Prof. E., 433.

Haidinger, Wm., 189.

Hamilton, James M., 378.

Hartlaub, Dr. G., 325.

Hoy, Dr. Philo R., 404.

Kane, Hon. J. K., 438.

INDEX,

IX.

Kennedy, Hon. J. P., 223.

Kennedy, Dr. H. W., 196.

Kirkbride, Dr. T., 172.

Kirtland, Prof. J. P., 117.

Lapham, J. P., 223.

Laporte, M., Sr., 125.

Lawson, Thomas, U. S. A., 51.

Lea, Isaac, 325.

Lepsius, Prof., 118.

Marsh, Dexter, 195.

Maury, Lieut. U. S. N., 304.
Marston, Com’r. U. S. N., 433.
McCluney, Capt. U. S. N., 59.
Merrick, S. V., 378.

Miller, Jacob S., 304,

Moore, Wm. E., 433.

Ord, George, 1.

Paine, Dr. Martyn, 172.

Peale, T. R., 1.

Perry, Commodore, U. S. N., 58.
Prescott, Wm. H., 58.

Potter, Rt. Rev. Alonzo, 196.
Ravenel, H. W., 323.

Retzius, Prof. A., 71.

Sheafer, P. W., 323.

Shumard, Dr. B. F., 1.

Troschel, Dr. F. H., 56.

Tschudi, Dr. J. J., 434.

Wagner, Dr. 433.

Webber, Dr. Samuel, 51, 433.

Wood, Richard D., 375.

Letters from Societies, &c. —

Acad. C. L. C. Nat. Curiosorum, 192,
240, 303, 433.

Acad, of Sciences, Belles Lettres,
&c., of Lyons, 375.

Advocates’ Library, Edinburgh, 195.
Agricultural Soc. of Lyons, 375.
Albany Institute, 240.

Amer. Acad, of Arts and Sciences,
107, 325.

Amer. Philosoph. Soc., 1, 51, 117,
147, 240, 323, 326, 395, 433.
Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, 189.

British Museum, 53, 105, 189.

Ecole des Mines, 303.

Faculty of Harvard University, 53.
Geological Soc. of London, 34, 107,
223.

Geolog. Soc. of Germany, 403.
Historical Soc. of Penna., 315, 404,
435.

Imperial Geolog. Institute of Vienna,
323, 435.

Leeds Literary & Philosoph. Society,
172.

Linnean Soc. of London, 51, 124.
Linnean Soc. of Lyons, 375.

Lyceum of Nat. History of N. York,
58, 316, 403.

Manchester Library & Museum, 172.
Naturwissen. Verein in Hamburg,
172.

Naturwissen. Verein in Halle, 195.
New York State Library, 1, 34, 72,
107, 147, 172, 196, 240, 323, 325,
395, 403.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Brussels, 59,

324.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Naples, 56,

325.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Stockholm,
34, 303, 435-

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Vienna, 56,
189, 323,433, 435.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Amsterdam,
303, 381.

Royal Bavarian Academy, 379, 433,
437.

Royal Asiatic Soc. of London, 240.
Royal Geograph. Soc. of London, 241.
Royal Geograph. Institute of Vienna,
435.

Royal Mineralog. Society of St. Pe¬
tersburg, 403.

Royal Soc. of Sciences of Liege, 172.
Smithsonian Institution, 51, 71, 107,
225, 303, 323, 434.

Theological Society of London, 172.
Troy, (N. Y.) Young Men’s Associ¬
ation, 303.

Wurtemburg Soc. of Sciences, 324,
433.

Zoological and Botanical Soc. of Vi¬
enna, 437.

Le Vaillant, Gen., don. to mus., xxxv.
Lewis, Dr. F. W., don. to mus., lviii.
Lewis, Dr, Samuel, don. to mus., xliv.
Librarian, Report of for 1852, 216; for
1853, 455.

Linnean Society of London, don. to lib.,
xxxiii., lxxvi.

Linnean Soc. of Lyons, don. to lib.,
lxix.

Lyceum of Nat. History of New York,
don, to lib., xxxii., xxxvi., Ixvii.,
Ixx., lxxiii.

Lyell, Sir Charles, don. to lib., xxxix.
Lynch, Commander W. F., don. to lib.,
xxxii.

Mantell, Gideon A., don. to lib., xxxii.

Marston, Capt., U. S. N., don. to mus.,
lxxiv.

Maury, Lieut. M. F., observations on
atmospheric pressure, 313.

Maximilian, Prince de Wied, don. to
lib., xiii., lxix.

2

X.

INDEX.

McAndrew, Mr., don. to mus., viii.,
xxxv.

McCall, Col. G. A., don. to mus., xliv.,
lxiv.; on Carpodacus familiaris, &c.,
61.

McEuen, Dr. Thomas, announcement
by, of decease of J. Price Wetherill,
376.

Mears, James, don. to mus., lxiv.
Meigs, Dr. C. D., don to mus., xvi.,
lxiv.; don. to lib., lxx.; remarks on
the structure of the uterus of the Por¬
poise, 316.

Members elected : —

Agnew, Wm. G. E., 324.

Allen, J. M., M. D., 70.

Ashhurst, Lewis R., 324.

Benton, Dr. Charles C., 322.

Biddle, Henry J., 146.

Biddle, Dr. John B., 458-
Biddle, Thomas, 324.

Bischoff, Dr. G., 124.

Boiler, Henry J., 70.

Booth, Prof. J. C., 171.

Brown, David S., 324.

Brown, John A. 324.

Brown, Joseph D., 324.

Budd, Dr. C. H., 56.

Buckley, Edward S., 105.

Bullitt, John C., 376. *

Camac, Dr. Wm., 70.

Claghorn, James L., 124.

Collet, Dr. M. W., 171.

Collins, Percival, 403.

Corse, Dr. James M., 195.

Cresson, Prof. J. C., 322.

Da Costa, Dr. J., 50.

Draper, Edmund, 324.

Dunglison, Dr. R., 239.

Durand, Elias, 70.

Ducachet, Rev. Dr., 70.

Edwards, Amory, 56.

Emerson, Dr. G., 394.

Fahnestock, G. W., 146.

Farnum, John, 324.

Fisher, Charles Henry, 324.

Fisher, J. Francis, 324.

Gardette, Dr. E. B., 324.

Genth, Dr. F. A., 70.

Graff, Frederick, 324.

Greene, Dr. F. A., 171.

Grigg, John, 324.

Griffith, R. E., 171.

Hallowell, Morris L., 324.

Hanson, H. Cooper, 302.

Hewson, Dr. Addinell, 239.
Hopkinson, Dr. Joseph, 50.
Hutchinson, J. Pemberton, 324.
Jeanes, Joseph, 324.

Keim, George M., 124.

Lang, Dr. Edmund, 322.

Lea, Joseph, 116.

Lea, Thomas T., 324.

Lesley, Peter, 373.

Lewis, A. J., 324.

Lippincott, Joshua B., 373.

Lo^an, Dr. J. Dickinson, 315.
Meigs, Dr. J. Aitken, 70.

Meigs, Dr. J. F., 70.

Mercer, Singleton A., 324.

Merrick, Samuel V., 324.

Meyers, John B., 324.

Mitchell, Dr. S. Weir, 403.

Morris, Jacob G., 70.

Page, Dr. Wm. B., 322.

Pepper, Henry, 324.

Phillips, Dr. Dinwiddie B., 188.
Platt, William, 324.

Price, Richard, 324.

Remington, Thomas P., 324.
Sanderson, Edward F., 403.

Schaffirt, F., 315.

Seal, Thomas F., 105.

Sequard, Dr. E. Brown, 146.
Sharpless, Caspar W., 30.

Sheafer, P. W., 345.

Struthers, William, 50.

Swift, Joseph, 324.

Taggart, Dr. Wm. H., 322.

Tingley, Dr. H., 116.

Trautwine, J. C., 70.

Welsh, William, 324.

Whelen, Edward S., 373.

Wood, Richard D., 324.

Wythes, Rev. Joseph H., 437.
Yeager, George, 70.

Merrick, John, don. to lib., xi. ; don.
to mus., lxxiv.

Mitchell, Dr. J. K., don. to lib., ii.
Mitchell, Dr. S. Weir, on the influence
of some states of Respiration on the
Pulse, 435.

Moore, Isaac W., don. to mus., viii.
Morris, Miss M., don. to mus., Ixviii.
Morton, Mrs. Dr., don. to mus., i.
Morton, Dr. T. G., don. to lib., Ixii.

Naturwissenschaftliche Yerein in Ham¬
burg, don. to lib., xlii.

Naturwissen. Yerein in Halle, don. to
lib., 1.

Newcomb, Dr. W., don. to lib., Ixviii.
Norris, 0. A., don. to mus., lxxiv.

Officers for 1853,221 ; do. for 1854,458.
Oliver, Dr. Geo. P., don. to mus., xliv.

INDEX.

XI.

Owen, Dr. D. D., don. to mus., xxvii.,
xliv. ; don. to lib., liv. ; remarks on
human foot prints in limestone, 106 ;
notice of a new mineral from Cali¬
fornia, 108; remarks on Fusilina lime¬
stone and Tutenmergel, 118 ; remarks
on his geological map of Wisconsin,
Iowa and Minnesota, 189; communi¬
cation in relation to his description
of a supposed new Earth, 379.

Ord, George, don. to lib., ix., xix.,
xxii., xxviii., lix., lxiv.

Page, Geo. W., don. to mus., lxiv.

Paine, Dr. Martyn, don. to lib., xl.

Pearsall, Robert, don. to mus., vii.

Peirce, Jacob, reference to a Hybrid
between the Peacock and Guinea
Fowl, 50.

Penna. Farm Journal, don. of, by Edi¬
tors, ii., ix., xi., xiv.

Perley, M. H., don. to lib., xxxiii.

Peterson, R. E., don. to mus., xxviii.

Phillips, John, don. to mus., viii., Ixxv.

Piddington, Henry, don. to lib., lix*

Powel, Samuel, don. to mus.,. vii.,
xxxvi., lxxiv.

Prescott, Wm. H., don. to lib., xiv.

Proceedings, Committee on, Report by,
219.

Publication Committee, Reports by, 28,
238 ; announcement by, of publication
of Part 2, Vol. 2, new series of
Journal, 29 ; do. of Part 3, 225 ; don.
to lib., vi.

Quetelet, M. A., don. to lib., xv.

Rand, Dr. B. H., don. to mus., xxvii.,
lxiv., lxviii. ; don. to lib., lv., lxvii.

Ravenel, H. W., don. to mus., lxviii. ;
don. to lib., lxvi.

Read, Dr. M. C., Catalogue of the Birds
of Northern Ohio, 395.

Recording Secretary, Report of for 1851,
28; do. for 1852, 214 ; do. for 1853,
453.

Regents of the University of State of
New York; don. to lib., lxi., lxix.,
Ixx.

Reports of Committees : on Dr. Leidy’s
paper on the Hippopotamus, 70; on
Mr. Lea’s description of a fossil Sau¬
rian from the new Red Sandstone of j

Penna., and on some new fossil Mol¬
luscs, &c ., 105; on Dr. Le Conte’s
Synopsis of genus Pterostichus, 116 ;
on Dr. Owen’s description of a new
Mineral and a new Earth, 3 ; on Dr.
Heermann’s notices of California
Birds, 197 ; on a paper by the Rev.
Drs. Berkeley and Curtis, on the
Exotic Fungi from the Schweinitzian
Herbarium, 302 ; on Mr. Conrad’s
description of a new species of Unio,
316 ; on Mr. Girard’s “ Researches on
Nemerteans and Planarians, 435 ; on
Dr. Leidy’s description of Bathyg-
nathus borealis, 448 ; on Mr. Conrad’s
Monograph of Argonauta, &c., 448.

Report of Committee appointed to con¬
fer with Dr. Kane on the subject of
his proposed American Arctic Expe¬
dition, 196.

Report of Committee appointed to col¬
lect subscriptions for enlarging the
Hall, 238.

Report of Committee appointed to pro¬
cure funds for the purchase of the
Anatomical Collection of the late Dr.
S. G. Morton, 321.

Resolutions ; to present a copy of the
Proceedings to Dr. H. A. Ford, of
Liberia, 55 ; to appoint a committee
to communicate with Com. Perry in
relation to making collections in In¬
dia by the U. S. Expedition, 55 ; of
thanks to Major Le Conte for his Her¬
barium of N. A. Plants, 58 ; inviting
the State Medical Society to visit the
Museum, 105 ; giving to subscribers
of $100, and upwards, to the fund for
enlarging the Hall, the right during
life to visit the collections and give
orders of admission to Museum, 28 ;
directing the income from the Stott
legacy to be applied to the Journal
fund, 30: in reference to Dr. Ruseh-
enberger’s “Notice of the Academy,”
33 ; appointing a Committee to confer
with Dr. Kane in relation to his pro¬
posed Arctic Expedition, 196; urging
upon Congress an appropriation for
the geological survey of Oregon and
the Mauvaises Terres of Nebraska,
239; directing a special meeting of
the Academy to consider the expedi¬
ency of erecting a new Hall, 321 ; in
relation to latter, 323 ; of thanks to
Chas. Henry Fisher and Thos. Biddle,
325; of thanks to W. S. Yaux, Dr.
C. D. Meigs and John Cooke, 324 ;
in reference to the decease of J. Price
Wetherill,376 ; granting the privilege

x;i.

INDEX.

of endorsing tickets of admission to
Museum to Mrs. Maria K. Wetherill,
457.

Retzius, Prof. A., don. to lib., xix.

Richardson, Dr. John, don. to lib., xix.

Riddell, Dr. J. L., don. to lib., xxxii.

Roberts, Percival, don. to mus., viii.

Robinson, John, don. to mus., xxvii.

Robinson, Ludlow, don. to mu*., xxviii.

Royal Acad, of Sciences of Brussels,
don. to lib., xv., lxvi.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Liege, don. to
lib., lxxvii.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Madrid, don. to
lib., Ixx.

Royal Acad of Sci. of Stockholm, don.
to lib., lix.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Vienna, don. to
lib., x i i i . , xlv.

Royal Bavarian Academy, don. to lib.,
lxix., Ixxi., lxxvi.

Royal Mineralog. Soc. of St. Peters¬
burg, Ixxiii.

Royal Saxon Soc. of Sciences, don. to
lib., lxxvii.

Royal Soc. of Edinburgh, don. to lib.,
vi., Ixxv.

Ruschenberger, Dr. W. S., ({ Notice of
the Acad. Nat. Sci. of Philada.,” read
by, 33 ; don. to mus., i.. xliv., liii.,
Ixx.

Say, Mrs. Lucy W., don. to mus., xxvii.
Saussure, H. F. de, don. to lib., lvi.
Senseny, Dr., don. to mus., xliv.
Sergeant, J. D., don. to mus., viii., xliv.
Sharpless, Dr., don. to mus., i.

Sheafer, P. W;, don. to lib., xlii.
Shumard, Dr., don. to mus., xxxvi.
Silliman’s Journal, don. of, by Editors,

11., ix., xviii., xxviii., xxxvi., xlv.,

1111., lx., Ixiv., lxix.,’ lxxii., lxxvi.
Smith, Aubrey H., don. to mus., xvii.,

xxxvi.

Smith, Charles E., don. to mus., xxxv.,
don. to lib., xviii., xlvi., lxiii.
Smithsonian Institution, don. to mus.,
lxxiv. ; don. to lib., xxviii., lvi., lix.,
lxii., lxviii., lxix.

Societe d’Agriculture du Bas-Canada,
don. to lib., vii., ix., xiv., xxii.,
xxviii., xxxii., xxxix., liii.

Society of Arts, & c., of London, don. to
lib., lxiii., lxv., lxvii., lxix., Ixx.,
lxxvi., lxxviii., lxxx.

Societe de Physique et d’Hist. Nat. de
Geneve, don. to lib., xlvi.

Societe des Sciences de Neufchatel, don.
to lib., lxvi.

Societe Nat. des Sciences de Lille, don.
to lib., xxxii.

Societe Nationale d’Agriculture, &c.,
de Lyon, don. to lib.; lxix.

Societa Reale Borbonica Academia delle
Scienze, don. to lib., lxvii.

Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege,
don. to lib., xlii.

Spackman, Dr. Geo., don. to mus.,
xxxv.

Squier, E. Geo. don. to lib., xlvi.

Stansbury, Capt. Howard, don. to lib.,
xxxiv.

Stewardson, Dr. T., don. to mus., xvii.

Storer, Dr. D. H., don. to lib., lxvi.

Strickland, H. E., don. to lib., xxiv.,
xxxviii., xlix.

Struthers, Wm., don. to mus., xvii.

Taylor, J., don. to mus., liii.

Thomas. Dr. R. P., don. to mus., lxxii.

Trautwine, J. C., don. to mus., xliv.

Troschel, Dr. F. H., don. to lib., xiv.,
lxvi.

Trustees of New York State Library,
don. to lib., xxiii., lxi.

Tschudi, Dr. J. J., don. to lib., lxxvii.,

Tuomey, M., description of fossil shells
from the Tertiary of the Southern
States, 192.

Turnbull, Dr. L., don. to lib., xlv.

[JpdegrafF, Dr. J. J., don. to mus., vii.
U. S. Departments, don. to mus., xxxv.,
lx., Ixxiii., lxxviii.; don. to lib.,
xxii., xxviii.

Yaux, William S., don. to mus., xxxvi.,
lxviii.

Verreaux, M. Jules, don. to mus., viii.,
xxxv.

Virginia Med. and Surg. Journal, don.
of, by Editors, lxvii., lxix., Ixxi.,
lxxii., Ixxiii., lxxviii.

Warren, Dr. J. C., don., to mus.,lxxv.

Watmough, J. H., U. S. N., don. to
mus., xxxvi.

Watson, J. G., don. to mus., xvi.

Watson, Dr. G., don. to mus., xxvii.,

liii., lix., lxviii., Ixxv.

Watson, Lieut., U. S. N., don. to mus.,
lix.

INDEX.

Xlll.

Webber, Dr. Samuel, note from, accom¬
panying fresh water fishes containing
nodular bodies embedded in the fins
and tail, 118 ; don. to mus., lxxii.

Wells, D. A., don. to lib., xvii.

Western Acad. Nat. Sciences, don. to
lib., lvi.

Wetherill, J. Price, don. to mus. i. ^an¬
nouncement of decease of by Dr. Mc-
Euen, 376,

Wetherill, Dr. Charles M.,don. to mus.,
xxvii. ; don, to lib., lxvi., lxix.,
lxxvii. ; examination of Molybdate of
Lead from Phcenixville, Pa., 55, 119;
Chem. investigation of the Honey
Ant, 111; Chemical examination of
the food of the Queen Bee, 119 ; ana¬
lysis of the Cotton Plant and Seed,
by T. L. Sumner, communicated by
Dr. Wetherill, 212 ; remarks on iron
crystallized from slag, 434.

Wheatley, Chas. M., don. to mus.,
xxxvi., liii., lix.

Whitall, Mrs. M., don. to lib., xl.

Williams, Henry J., don. to lib., lxviii.

Wilson, Dr.T. B., don. to mus., i., vii.,
viii., xxxvi., xliv., lxviii. ; don. to
lib., ii., iii., vi., vii., ix., x., xi., xiv.,
xv., xvi., xviii., xix., xxii,, xxiii.
xxiv., xxviii., xxxi;, xxxii., xxxiii.,
xxxvi., xxxvii., xxxviii., xxxix., xli.,
xlii., xlv., xlvii., xlviii., xlix., li.,
liv., lv., lvi., lviii., lix., lxi., lxi;.,
lxiii., lxv. lxvi., lxvii., lxix., lxx.,
Ixxi., lxxii., lxxiii., lxxvi., lxxvii.,
Ixxviii.

Wilson, Edward, don. to mus., xxvii.,
xxviii., xxxv., xxxvi., xliv. ; don. to
lib., ii. , iii., iv., v., vi., xi., xii., xiii.,
xviii., xix., xx., xxi. xxii., xxiv.,

xxv, xxvi., xxvii., xxviii., xxix.,
xxx., xxxi., xxxiii., xxxiv., xxxv.,
xxxvii., xxxviii., xxxix., xl., xli..
xlii., xliii., xlv., xlvi., xlvii., xlviii.,
xlix., 1., li., Iii., liii., liv., lv., lvi.,
1 vii ., lviii., lix., lxi., lxii., lxiii., lxv.,
lxvi., lxx., Ixxi., lxxiii., Ixxiv.

Winthrop, Mr., don. to mus., lxviii.

Wisconsin Nat. Hist. Society, don. to
mus., Ixxv.

Wistar, Dr. Caspar, don. to mus. i.

Wood, Prof. Geo. B., don. to lib., lx.

Wood, Wm., don. to mus., xvi., liii.,
lviii., lix.

Woodhouse, Dr. Samuel W., don to
mus., viii., xxvii., xliv. ; on new spe¬
cies of Yireo and Zonotrichia, 60 ;
description of a new species of Ecto-
pistes, 104 ; description of a new spe¬
cies ofSciurus, 110; description of a
new species of Numenius, 194; des¬
cription of a new species of Perog-
nathus, 200 ; description of a new
species of Geomys, 201 ; description
of a new species of Struthus, 202 ;
change of name of Sciurus dorsalis to
S. Aberti, 220 ; description of a new
species of Hesperomys, 242.

Wurtemberg Society of Sciences, don.
to lib., lxvi., lxxvi.

Yarnall, Ellis, Jr., don. to mus., lxxii.

Zoological and Botanical Society of Vi¬
enna, don. to lib., Ixxviii.

K H

t '

ERRATA IN VOL. VI.

Page 2, line 4 from bottom, for of read and.

££ 3, ££ 13 ££ top, for Cretacean read Cetacean.

££ 33, ££ 13 and 20 from bottom, for Nipongue read Mpongue.

££ 36, ££ 26 from top, for undeniable read undeniably .

cc 40, ££ 19 ££ bottom, for interstialis read inter stitialis.

££ 45, <£ 5 ££ top, for thorace read thorax.

‘£ 46, £< 18 ££ bottom, for simplicibus read fulcrantibus .

“ 48, in division (b) of Eucnemis, for serratcc read pectinatcc.

66, ££ 10 from top, for is read are.

££ 114, ££ 2 “ bottom, for fulvis read fulvus.

££ 141, “ 9 ££ bottom, for generus read genus.

ee 149, in note (f) for fr read fur.

£c 150, the three lines of the diagnosis of Cephennium corporosum have lost
the initial letters : to the first add 1, to the second pi, to the third a.
££ 171, line 2 from bottom, for Africa. read America .

££ 174, “ 22 ££ top, for inferior read anterior.

“ 180, for Homolosaurus read Homalosaurus.

££ 181, for Pituophis read Pityophis.

“ 229, line 21 from top, for Anchytursus read Anchy tarsus.

<£ ££ ££ 40 <£ top, for picea read brunneus .

££ 231, after Tostegoptera, for Edwards read Blanchard.
t£ 241, line 15 from top, for Enbradys read Eubradys.

“ 302, line 13 from top, for 1859 read 1849.

cc

327,

((

31

cc

top, for Iceniata read tceniata.

cc

329,

cc

22

cc

top, for parvus read parvulus , vide p.

cc

cc

cc

26

cc

top, for Fern read Kern.

cc

337,

c<

31

cc

top, for Fauna read Farinas.

cc

368,

cc

12

cc

top, for Traiinfeld read Fraunfeld.

cc

cc

Cc

29

cc

top, for truncates read truncatus.

“ 377, top line, for - read and.

<( 376, line 17 from bottom, for Prisidon read Prisodon.

“ 403, (( 2 £< bottom, for Lyceum read State Library .

££ 439, ££ 17 ££ bottom, for Agryppus read Agrypmis.

“ 454, ££ 9 <£ bottom, for Endomochydcc read Endomychidce.

“ lxviii, line 22 from bottom, add Mr. T. A. Conrad .

££ lxxiv, line 17 from top, for Vorselemque read Vorlesungen.

The following omissions of donations to the Library, August 10th, 1852, oc¬
curred at page xxxiii :

Description of a Skeleton of the Mastodon giganteus, of North America. By
John C. Warren, M. D. 4to. From the Author.

Exploration and Survey of the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah. By
Howard Stansbury, Capt. U. S. Topograph. Eng. 8vo. and map. From Col. J.
J. Abert.

Experimental Researches in Electricity, 29th series. By Michael Faraday,
Esq. From the Author.

On the Physical Character of the Lines of Magnetic Force. By Michael Far¬
aday, Esq. From the Author.

Zoology of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, (extracted from Capt. Stansbury’s
Report.) From Prof. S. F. Baird.

Geognostische Wanderungen im Gebiete der nordostlichen Alpen. Yon Carl
Ehrlich. From the Author.

Ueber die nordostlichen Alpen. Yon Cafl Ehrlich. From the Author.

PROCEEDINGS

OP THE

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF PHILADELPHIA.

January 6th} 1852.

The President, Mr. George Ord, in the Chair.

Letters were read :

. From Dr. Benjamin F. Shumard, dated Oregon City, Nov. 18th, 1851,
giving a brief account of his geological observations in Oregon Territory.

From the Secretary of the American Philosophical Society, dated
Philadelphia, Dec. 19th, 1851, acknowledging the receipt of various Nos.
of Yols. 4 and 5 of the Proceedings, furnished by request to complete the
series of the same in the Library of that Society.

From the Secretary of the Trustees of the New York State Library,
dated Albany, Dec. 26th, 1851, acknowledging the receipt of late Nos.
of the Proceedings, &c.

From T. R. Peale Esq., dated Washington, D. C., Dec. 26th, 1851,
suggesting the propriety of taking measures at this time to dispose of the
collection of French Political Documents belonging to the Academy, to
Congress.

From George Ord, Esq., dated Philadelphia, Jan. 1st, 1852, presenting
his acknowledgments for his election as President of the Institution.

“ Dr. Leidy read a continuation of Mr. Dana’s paper on the Crustacea
of the late U. S. Exploring Expedition, which was on motion referred to
the Committee on the former portions of the paper.

Dr. Leconte read a paper entitled i( Notice of fossil Dicotyles from
Missouri,” and also a “Notice of some fossil Pachyderms from Illinois;
both of which being intended for publication in the Proceedings, were
referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Carson and Mr. Moss.

Dr. Leidy read the following remarks by Dr. J. L. Burtt, U. S. N.,
on the influence of Sulphuretted Hydrogen arising from the bottom of
the Bay of Callao on the fishes in its waters :

“ One occurrence always excited much interest, whenever there was an evolu¬
tion of sulpho-hydric acid gas (a frequent occurrence) from the bottom ol the
Bay of Callao. The first premonition of what was to produce a remarkable

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA. — VOL. VI. NO. I. 1

2

[January,

destruction among fish, was the discoloration of the water of the bay, from a
marine green to a dirty milk-white hue, followed by a decided odor of the gas ;
so much of it being present on many occasions as directly to blacken a clean piece
of silver, and to blacken paint work in a few hours.

The fish, during this evolution, rose in vast numbers from the bottom; and after
struggling for sometime in convulsions upon the surface, died.

I was particularly struck by this fact, that all of them during the time that they
were under its influence, acted in precisely the same manner. The first thing
noticeable with regard to its effect upon them, was that on coming near the surface,
they seemed to have much difficulty in remaining below it at all. They then
rose completely to the surface, struggling vainly to dive beneath. This was
followed by violent springing and darting in various directions — evidently with¬
out control of direction — for they moved sideways, or upon the back, and some¬
times tail first, with great velocity. After a little time their motion became
circular, and upon the back, the circle of gyration constantly diminishing, and the
rapidity of the motion as constantly increasing, until there was a sudden cessation
of all motion. The head then floated about the surface, the body being in a perpen¬
dicular position. A few convulsive movements shortly followed, and they were
dead.

I have watched thousands of them so dying ; and in every instance such was the
mode of death. Having taken them at the moment of death and immediately after,
a rude examination showed in all the same appearances. The intestines and brain
were gorged with blood, much darker than natural. The gills were almost black, and
the air-bladder ruptured. A premonitory symptom that such destruction was about
to occur, was the previous appearance of unaccountable numbers of fishing-birds,
especially of the Pelicans. On one occasion, taking the known size of the Island
of San Lorenzo as a guide for measurement, we concluded that there was a body
of Pelicans 5 miles long, one mile wide, and 300 feet thick, filling the water and
air as closely as possibly they could do. How many were there ? Can we wonder
at the size of guano deposits ?”

Dr, Leidy called the attention of the members to a fossil tooth and a
fragment of a second, from the collection made by Mr. Culbertson in
Nebraska Territory, which, he observed, belonged to a new species of
Rhinoceros, or probably Acerotherium. The former specimen is proba¬
bly a third premolar, the latter a portion of the fourth. A great pecu¬
liarity in the teeth is the confluence of the inner lobes with each other,
and their separation to the base from the outer lobes. They possess a
remarkably strong basal ridge, and indicate an animal larger than any
species of existing Rhinoceros : the greatest transverse diameter of the
third premolar being 2 \ inches; its antero-posterior diameter If inches.
For the species the name Rhinoceros Americanus is proposed.

Dr. Leidy also called the attention of the members to the fine mounted
specimen of Polar Bear now in the Hall, the skin of which had been
lately presented by Dr. E. K. Kane, U. S. N.

On motion of Dr, Fisher, the letter of Mr. Peale, read this evening,
was referred to the Library Committee, with power to act.

Dr. Fisher announced that the collection of fossil foot-prints of Fishes,
belonging to Mr. Dexter Marsh, of Greenfield, Mass., was for sale.

On motion of Mr. Moss, the suggestions contained in the Report of
the Librarian for 1851, were referred to the Library Committee.

1852.]

3

January 13 th.

Vice-President Wetherill in the Chair.

Dr. Leidy presented an additional portion of Mr. Dana’s communica¬
tion on the Crustacea of the late American Exploring Expedition ; which
was referred as before to the original Committee.

Mr- Wetherill stated that the Phosphate of Lime, a specimen of which
he presented this evening, was being much used for agricultural pur¬
poses, after being decomposed by the action of sulphuric acid.

Mr. Wetherill also stated that the Adipocire, also presented this even¬
ing, was the result of decomposition of the bodies of a number of sheep,
which had been buried fifteen years since in a wet soil, on a farm in an
adjoining county.

Dr. Leidy, referring to the Cfetacean remains characterized by him
at the meeting of December 9th, remarked that they were the first relics
of Mammals that have been found in the Cretaceous Group.

On leave granted, the Committee to which was referred Dr. D. D.
Owen’s paper describing a new Mineral and a new Earth, presented a
report, recommending the same for publication in the forthcoming No.
of the Journal, which was adopted.

January 21th.

Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair.

The Committee, to which was referred the following papers of Dr.
Le Conte, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Notes on some Fossil Suiline Pachyderms from Illinois.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

Dicotyles depressifrons.

Hyops depressifrons Lee. Am. Journ. Sc. 2d series, Yol. 5, 103 (1848.)

After a careful comparison of the fragments of this animal with Dicotyles
torquatus, I have come to the conclusion that the differences are by no means
of such a nature as to admit of the formation of a peculiar genus.

The differences in the cranium which distinguish this animal from D. torquatus
are : 1st, the greater depression of the front ; 2d, the greater expansion and less
sudden declivity of the malar plates ; 3d, the less convex nasal bones. In con¬
sequence of this last character, the groove running forward from the frontal
foramen is more or less superior in its whole extent and never lateral, as in the
anterior part of the head of D. torquatus.

The lower part of the skull and the anterior part of the nose are broken away,
so that no teeth remain in the fragment.

Accompanying this fragment are four teeth from the upper jaw, which differ
from the corresponding teeth of Platygonus compressus Lee., from the same
locality, by having the transverse ridges more distinctly connected with the
basal margin ; this is especially the case at the posterior margin ; the ridges also
show a tendency to unite together, and thus the transverse valley is rendered a
little narrower than in Platygonus. In all these points the teeth agree exactly
with Dicotyles torquatus, and on a careful comparison nothing worthy of notice,
even as a specific difference, could be detected. A part of the socket of the left
superior canine, with the adjoining portion of the palatal plate, shows no differ¬
ence on comparison with D. torquatus.

»

4

[January,

The base of the inferior left canine was found in its socket ; the remainder was
found broken; the fragments were put together so as to make almost a complete
tooth, which presents no specific characters of any importance ; the anterior
margin is more rounded than in D. torquatus, and the grooves on the posterior,
external, and internal faces of the fang are deeper ; the young of D. torquatus
in the depth of the grooves agrees perfectly with our fossil, which, however,
from the wearing of the tooth, must have been an adult.

The condyloid process of the right lower jaw was found broken off just below
the neck; in comparison with D. torquatus, it is less concave in its external out¬
line, and there is a slight depression externally just below the end of the articular
surface ; the posterior face a little below the articular part is more compressed
and less flattened than in D. torquatus.

The inferior extremity of the humerus is perforated ; the articular faces are in
no respect different from those of D. torquatus.

The same is the case with the innominatum and the femur.

Of the left posterior foot is preserved the calcaneum, the outer metatarsal, the
first and second phalanges of the outer toe and the first phalanx of the inner toe ;
all these bones completely resemble the corresponding parts of D. torquatus.

As compared with Platygonus compressus, the calcaneum shows important
characters, which may be used in separating the bones of these animals, if they
should again be found mixed together.

In Platygonus the astragalian face is not distinctly defined at its supero-external
part, but is confluent with the depression existing in that part of the bone
behind the fibular process.

In Sus and Dicotyles this face is distinctly separated from the valley between
the two processes, and the inferior part of the astragalian process is much less
thickened than in Platygonus ; the whole bone is more slender and less flattened
than in Platygonus.

My reasons for considering the cuboides figured by me* as belonging to Platy¬
gonus, are as follows :

From teeth there was evidence of two specimens of Platygonus of different
ages ; portions of three calcaneal bones of the left side were found, two of which
were precisely similar ; the third is the one here mentioned as belonging to
Dicotyles. The larger of the two similar bones fitted perfectly with the ex¬
tremity of a tibia, an astragalus and a cuboides forming a considerable portion
of the tarsus ; to this cuboides, however, the metatarsal bone above described
cannot be adapted.

This will be the proper place for correcting an important error in the memoir
on Platygonus already quoted: on page 270, pi. 4, figs. 23 and 24, is represented
what was considered the inner metatarsal . On comparison this bone is found to
correspond accurately with the inner right metacarpal of Dicotyles ; there are
two specimens of this bone, differing slightly in size, and the smaller one of
which has lost its lower extremity, and evidently belonged to a young animal.
We have therefore the same reason to refer this to Platygonus as the tarsal bones
above mentioned.

I should also notice here, that the superior canines of very young Dicotyles
resemble very closely those of Platygonus, but are not so much compressed, and
have only a single angulated line at the anterior part of the base of the tooth.

On account of the very strong resemblance between the dentition of Platygonus
and Dicotyles, I am inclined to consider the former as rather Suiline than Tapi-
roid in its affinities; the undulated outline of the lower jaw in the Dicotyles
group, reaches its maximum in the great dilatation of the angle of the jaw in
Platygonus ; the compression of the canines is carried to a greater degree than in
any other genus, and the molar structure is reduced to the simplest Pachydermal
form by the absence of all accessary tubercles.

The dimensions of the fragments of Dicotyles depressifrons indicate an animal

* Memoirs Am. Acad- of Science and Arts, New Series, Vol. 3, pi. 4, figs. 25,26.

1852.]

5

a little larger than the ad^lt D. torquatus ; the only measurements that can be
given are the following, in English inches :

Distance between the frontal foramina 1*2.

Third premolar : lateral diameter *45 : antero-posterior diameter *4.

Fourth premolar: lateral diameter *46 : antero-posterior diameter *5.

First molar: lateral diameter *55 ; antero-posterior diameter *63.

Inferior canine: length 3*75 ; posterior breadth *48 ; radius of curvature 2*75.

Humerus .‘diameter of inferior extremity 1’52 ; breadth of larger articular groove,
.75 ; smaller groove *4 ; least distance from lower margin of larger groove to fora¬
men *67.

Innominatum : diameter of acetabulum 1*2 ; least breadth of ilium 1*0.

Femur: length 6*85 ; from fovea on head, to extremity of trochanter major 1*72;
breadth of tibial articular groove anteriorly *8 ; transverse diameter of condyles
posteriorly 1*55.

Metatarsal : length 2*87 ; of inferior articular surfaces, lateral diameter *46 ;
antero-posterior diameter *57 ; length of first phalanx 1-25; second phalanx *95.

Calcaneum : length 2*45: greatest breadth 1*12; from fibular to apical process *91.

Condyle of lower jaw ; breadth 1*2 ; antero-posterior diameter of articular
surface *6.

Protochcerus prismaticus Lee. Am. Journ. Sc. 2nd series 5.105.

To the description of the teeth of this animal, I have only to add that the fang
of the canine is very similar to that of Sus babiroussa ; the posterior molar bears
considerable resemblance to that of Sus babiroussa, as represented by Blainville,
(plate VIII.) although the student will fail to find the resemblance in nature. The
Anthracotherium tooth figured in Owen’s Odontography, with which I formerly
compared this tooth, differs in having the lobes connected by an elevated ridge.

The dimensions of the teeth are as follows, and indicate an animal smaller than
a Peccary.

Inferior canine : length of worn surface 1*35 ; breadth *3 ; radius of curvature of
posterior face and margin 2*46.

First inferior molar : lateral diameter *39 ; antero-posterior diameter *52.

Last inferior molar : breadth *5 , from posterior lobe to middle lobe '26 ; to
summit of anterior lobe *58.

Notice of a fossil Dicotyles from Missouri .

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

The Tooth which forms the subject of this communication, was found with
some mastodon bones in Benton County, Missouri, and was presented to me by
Dr. R. W. Gibbes.

It is a right lower canine, wanting the fang, and attached to a small piece of
jaw, containing alveoli of three incisors.

The tooth has precisely the same direction as in D. torquatus, but is somewhat
less compressed ; the anterior edge is very acute ; on the part of the fang which
remains, no vestige of external and internal grooves exists ; the posterior groove
is well marked as in D. torquatus ; on the outer surface of the tooth, nearer the
posterior than the anterior margin is an elevated ridge, acute at summit, which
extends along the whole of the enamelled part of the tooth. This character is not
to be found in D. torquatus ; the very obsolete elevation which exists there being
a consequence of the continuation of the grooves impressed on the internal face of
the fang; I have also failed to discover a similar elevated line on the canine of any
species of Sus which has come under my observation.

As this seems to be a character of sufficient importance to separate the species
co-existent with the Mastodon, from any now living, I would give to it the name
of Dicotyles costatus.

Although there is no character in this canine to make a reference to Dicotyles
more certain than to Sus, yet as the latter genus has not been distinctly proved to

6

[January,

have inhabited this continent, and as in the existing creation Dicotyles is the true
equivalent of Sus in America, the probability of our very distinct fossil species
belonging to Dicotyles is much increased ; this probability is rendered almost
certain, when we consider that remains of true Dicotyles have been found in
Illinois in company with other singular forms, (Platygonus and Anomodon) which
by their great peculiarities would seem to indicate a period anterior to that of
the Mastodon.

The measurements of the canine are : length of enamelled surface along anterior
curvature 2-2 ; breadth of posterior surface *37 : radius of curvature of posterior
edge 2’0 ; of anterior edge 2*1.

The Committee to which was referred Mr. Dana’s papers on the Crus¬
tacea of the Exploring Expedition, reported in favor of publication in the
Proceedings.

Conspectus Crustoceorum , fyc. Conspectus of the Crustacea of the Exploring
Expedition under Capt. Wilkes , U. S. N. By James D. Dana.

PAGURIDEA, continued, and Subtribe MEGALOPIDEA.

I. Paguridea, continued.

Among the species of the genus Pagurus, as restricted in my former paper on
the Paguridea, there are still three groups of distinct character ; one, having no
trace of a beak, the front being truncate, and also having the fingers opening in a
vertical plane, the hands being usually compressed, with commonly the left the
larger; a second, having a short beak or triangular point in front, and the fingers
opening like the preceding, with the hands subequal ; a third, having a beak like *
the last, but the fingers opening in a horizontal plane, the hands being subequal
and more or less depressed, and never compressed. The first group has Pagurus
punctulatus for its type; the second, P. aniculus ; the third, F. clibanarius .
They form three genera with the following characters : —

1. Pagurus. — Frons non rostratus, truncatus. Manus anticae saepius com-
pressae, interdum subaequae, saepius sinistra majore, digitis apice corneis, in piano
verticali claudentibus.

2. Aniculus, D. — Frons triangulate rostratus. Manus anticae subaequae,
digitis apice corneis, in piano verticali claudentibus.

3. Clibanarius, D. — Frons triangulate rostratus. Manus anticae subaequae,
plus minusve depressae, digitis apice corneis, in piano horizontali claudentibus.
Species P. cequalis, zebra, humilis, globosi-manus , Clibanario pertinent.

The species Pagurus aniculus may hereafter be named Aniculus typicus ; the
P. clibanarius, Clibanarius vulgaris; and the P. Bernhardus, Bernhardus streb-
lonyx. The name Bernhardus pubescens, (see preceding volume, p. 270,) we
propose to change to B. scabrictilus, as Kroyer* has described a Pagurus pu¬
bescens, which is probably a Bernhardus.

Descriptiones Pagvrideorum adhuc ineditce.

Bernhardus obesi-carpus. — Frons medio prominulus, obtusus. Kegio cara-
pacis antica paulo transversa, nudiuscula. Oculi crassi et perbreves, aciculo
longiores, squama basali ovata, subacuta, integra. Antennae externae nudae,
basi multo longiore quam oculus, aciculo crasso, brevi, apicem articuli 3tii
attingente. Pedes toti fere nudi et granulosi, non armati ; antici inaequi; manu
majore oblonga, convexa, symmetrica, granulis nitidis partim seriatis, carpo
multo crassiore, parce latiore. Pares 2di et 3tii crassiusculi, articulo 3tio supra

* Tidsk. ii, 251, 252.

1852.]

7

scabri-rugato et breviter hirsuto, tarso curvato, canaliculato. Hab. Valparaiso?
Long. 2".

Bernhardus jequimanus. — Carapax sparsim pilosus, regione antica non ob¬
longa, fronte ad medium angulato, vix rostrato. Oculi cylindrici, aciculum an-
tennalem longitudine aequantes, squama basali apice productaet 3— 4-denticulata.
Antennarum externarum flagellum infra elongate ciliatum. Pedes superficie
granulati partim sparsim hirsuti, marginibus hirti ; antici aequi, mediocres, manu
breviter elliptica, parce latiore et longiore quam carpus, non costata, marginibus
subspinulosis, carpo supra subspinuloso et hirto. Pedum 4 sequentium tarsi
bene canaliculati, infra ciliati. Hab. Valparaiso. Long. 11".

Bernhardus criniticornis. — Frons medio parce angulatus. Regio carapacis
antica non transversa. Oculi mediocres, aciculo antennali paulo longiores,
squama basali apicem rotundata. Flagellum antennarum externarum infra crini-
tum non ciliatum. Pedes antici valde inaequi, nudiusculi, manu majore oblonga,
paulo longiore et latiore quam carpus, scabricula, spinulis subtilissimis 4 — 5-se-
riatis, margine inferiore fere recto, carpo minute spinuloso. Pedes 2di 3tii laxe
pubescentes, non spinulosi, tarso non canaliculato. Hab. portu “ Rio Janeiro.”
Long. 9— 10'".

Pagurus euopsis. — P . punctulato affinis. Oculi fronte carapacis valde longi¬
ores, crassiusculi. Flagellum antennarum externarum nudum, articulis versus
antennae extremitatem latere interno gibbosis ; aciculum parvulum. Pedes antici
sat inaequi, manu majore carpoque oblongis, extus spinulosis et hirsutis. Pedes
2di 3tii marginibus multo hirsuti, articulo 5to spinulis supra paulo armati, tarsis
totis subteretibus, undique divaricate hirsutis. Hab. ad insulam <(Upolu” et in
freto ee Balabac.” Long. 21".

Clibanarius striolatus. — Regio carapacis antica fere quadrata. Oculi
graciles, margine carapacis antico vix breviores, squama basali angusta, acu¬
minata, bidenlata. Pedes antici subaequi, manubus brevibus carpisque supra
spini-tuberculatis et pilosis, manu sinistra maris paulo majore. Pedes 2di 3tii
supra infraque paulo hirsuti, multis lineis brunneis longitudinalibus ornati, tarso
subterete, non breviore quam articulus penultimus, sinistro 3tii paris articulo
5to extus parce convexo, acie rectangulata superne instructo. Hab. insula
“Tongatabu,” et archipelago e< Viti.” Long. 2'". Paguro lineato} Edw. pro-
pinquus.

Clibanarius brasiliensis. — Regio carapacis antica paulo oblonga. Rostrum
bene Iriangulatum. Oculi gracillimi, margine carapacis antico non breviores,
squama basali valde truncata et brevissima, pilis longis, margine apicali transverso
instructa. Pedes antici aequi, manu dextra parce majore. Pedes 2di 3tiique
persparsim hirsuti, subnudi, tarso perbrevi, articulo 5to paris 3tii extus sub-
complanato, parce convexo, supra subcarinato. Pedes colore pauci-lineati.
Hab. portu uRio Janeiro.” Long. li".

Clibanarius globosi-manus (Pag. globosi-manus, D.) P. corallino , Edw. adhuc
partim descripto an differt? In specimine globosi-mani non attrita, pedes
2di 3tii marginibus hirsuti non nudiusculi. Clibanariis aliis totis nobis lectis
differt, supeficie externa articuli 5ti sinistri paris 3tii omnino hirsuta.

II. Megalopidea.

The question of the maturity or immaturity of the Megalopae and that of their
true place in the natural system, still remain in doubt. Without touching on
these points, at this time, I propose to describe some new genera and species
pertaining to the group.

The species, however diverse, agree in the structure of the abdomen and its
caudal appendages ; in the position of the four antennae between the eyes ; in the
articulations of the outer antennae; in the inner antennae folded longitudinally or
obliquely either side of the beak ; in the general form of the outer maxillipeds ;
in the large size and lateral position of the eyes without orbits; in the general
structure of the legs ; and in their habits. The beak is either horizontal or

8 [January,

flexed downward, and has usually a sharp prominent tooth either side of it,
exterior to the inner antennae.

The genus Megalopa, Leach , as now accepted, embraces two distinct sets of
species — the M. Montagui and armata for which it was instituted by Leach,
and the M. mutica of Desmarest. The former (the true Megalopae) have the
beak nearly horizontal, with rarely a tooth either side, and there is a reflexed
spine on the ventral surface of the first joint of the 8 posterior legs. The latter
has the beak bent downward vertically, and either side of it there is a prominent
spine or tooth ; the ventral surface of the base of the legs is unarmed. The M.
mutica is very closely related to Monolepis spinitarsus of Say, the only differ¬
ence being that the extremity of the posterior legs in this species of Monolepis
bear 3 or 4 setae rather longer than the tarsus, while the descriptions of the
mutica make mention of no such setae. The posterior legs in Monolepis fold up
and overlie the carapax : but these legs are otherwise like the preceding, though
somewhat smaller, and it is probable that this habit in the M. mutica has been
overlooked, as these animals almost always swim with the posterior legs ex¬
tended like the others, when taken and kept in a jar for examination, and they
also have them extended when walking. These legs do not resemble at all the
posterior pair in Porcellana or Galathaea. I had examined several species before
I discovered this habit with regard to the posterior legs. The animal also throws
the fourth pair of legs forward along or over the borders of the carapax, so that
the extremity overlies the bases of the eyes and the tarsi hang down in front ;
and at the same time the two preceding pair are folded up and lie against the
sides of the carapax outside of the 4th pair, or the 3d pair may be thrown for¬
ward like the 4th. A Sooloo species, and another common off Cape of Good
Hope, were observed swimming with the legs thus disposed.

Say’s genus Monolepis* also embraces two groups, alike in the deflexed front
and the longish setae at the extremity of the posterior tarsi. In one division,
including the M. inermis , the tarsi are flattened styliform, and unarmed, with
either lateral edge sparsely furnished with minute hairs ; the fossa of the sternum,
along which the abdomen lies when inflexed, has a prominent trenchant border ;
the depression on the carapax for the posterior legs is rather abrupt and some¬
what neatly defined ; the body is very convex and obese, with the sides high and
vertical, and much wider behind than before, being gradually narrowed forward.

The other division has the tarsi unguiform, compressed, and spinous below, the
antepenult spine always longest ; the fossa of the sternum with flaring borders,;
the depression of the carapax for the posterior legs shallow concave ; the body
more flattened above, with the sides more oblique. This division corresponds
to Monolepis spinitarsus .

Besides the preceding, there is another group of Megalopidea, examined by the
author, resembling Megalopa of Leach, except that the tarsus of the posterior
legs is narrow lamellar instead of unguiculate, and edged with longish setae
somewhat shorter than the tarsus.

There is still another group in which the front is horizontal and tricuspidate,
the inner antennae when retracted being exposed in the interval between the beak
or inner cusp and either outer, lying in view as in Plagusia.

With these explanations we give the characters of the genera.

1. Monolepis, Say. — Carapax fronte tricuspidatus sed valde deflexus ideoque
frons superne visus medio non acutus sed truncatus. Pedes 5ti minores, super
carapacem saepe restantes, depressione ad eos recipiendos abrupta, tarsis inermi-
bus, depressis styliformibus, paris postici non depressis, apice 3 — 4 setis longius-
culis (tarso paulo longioribus) instructo. Sterni fossa abdominalis marginibus
bene prominens et subacuta. — Monolepis inermis , Say, typus est.

2. Marestia, Dana. — Carapax fronte uti in Monolepi. Pedes 8 postici ad
basin infra non armati; 5ti minores, super carapacem saepe restantes, depressione
ad eos recipiendos parce concava ; tarsis styliformibus, unguiculatis, spinis infra

*Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad,, i. 155.

9

1852.)

armatis, paris postici apice setis longiusculis instructis. — Yypus est Monolepis
spinitarsus , Say. Hie pertineret quoque Meg.mutica, Desm. si ejus pedes postici
setis longiusculis confecti ; aliter genus alterum instituendura. Verbum“ Ma¬
restia ” clarissimum Desmarest commemorat.

3. Megalopa, Leach . — Carapax fronte simpliciter rostratus, rostro vix
deflexo, acuto. Pedes 8 postici ad basin infra uni-spinigeri : 5ti minores, tarso
styliformi.— Typus Meg. Montagui , Leach.*

4. Cyllene, Dana. — Carapacis frons uti in Megalopa. Pedes 8 postici ad
basin infra uni-spinigeri ; 5ti minores, tarso anguste lamellato, setis longiusculis
partim ciliato.

5. Tribola, Dana. — Carapax fronte horizontal^ tricuspidatus, rostro (v«l
cuspide mediana) tenui, cuspidibus (vel dentibus) externis vix longiore. Antennae
internae inter rostrum et cuspides externas aperte inflexae. Pedes postici minores,
tarso unguiculato setisque longis non instructo.

Descriptions Megalopideorum adhuc ineditce.

Marestia elegans. — Carapax antice angustus et superne visus bilobatus, late-
ribus fere parallelis, pone oculos vix salientibus. Pedes antici parvi, manu
oblonga, margine inferiore et partim superficie interna remote hirsutis. Pedes
2di marginibus sparsim ciliati, tarso infra 7-spinoso, ad basin tuberculum infra
non gerente. Tarsi postici infra 6-spinosi, apice unguiculati et 4 setis longis
instructi. Hab. Promontorio Bonae Spei. Long. Carapacis 4 — 5"', An Megalopa
mutica Kraussii (Siidaf. Crust, p. 54) et De Haanii (Faun. Japon. p. 167) ? Sed
pedes postici extremitate setis tarso paulo longioribus instructi.

Marestia Atlantica. — Carapax antice angustus et superne visus bilobatus,
lateribus postice paulo divergentibus, pone oculos vix salientibus. Pedes an¬
tici parvi, manu oblonga, nuda aut nudiuscula. Pedes 6 sequentes nudiusculi,
tarso infra quinque spinas tuberculumque ad basin instar calcis gerente.
Tarsi postici parvuli, sed setularum duabus paribus infra instructi, non spinosi,
apice unguiculati et tribus setis longis armati. — Hab. lat. aust. 6°, long. occ. 24**.

Marestia pervalida. — Carapax antice latus et superne visus obsolete quadri-
lobatus, lobis subaequis, lateribus postice non divergentibus, prope medium uni-
dentatis. Pedes antici pervalidi, manu valde crassa, tumida. Tarsi postici
infra spinosi, apice tribus setis longiusculis armati. — Hab. lat. bor. 6°, long,
orient. 173°.

Monolepis orientalis. — Sterni segmenta fossam sterni includentia antica mar¬
gine interiore fere truncata, vix triangulata ; segmenta proxima convexa, non tu-
berculigera. Tuberculus medianus inter aream buccalem et fossam sterni simpli¬
citer subtriangulatus, antice acutus, postice hemisphericus, utrinque depressione
deinde septo brevi antice et oblique producto cinctus. Tarsus pedis postici
brevis, non unguiculatus, apice tribus setis longiusculis armatus, infra setulis
paucis perbrevibus necque spinis instructus. Hab. in mari Suluensi. Long.
carapacis 4"'. — M. inermis differt, sterni segmentis anticis intus non subtruncatis
sed prominenter triangulatis, proximis unituberculatis, tuberculo mediano inter
aream buccalem et fossam sterni tuberculis tribus composito.f

Cyllene hyalina. — Rostrum parceprominens. Carapax subovatus, lateribus
pone oculos paulo saliens, postice inermis. Thorax infra ad extremitatem pos-

* Malac. Pod. Brit. pi. 16. Leach describes three other species, (not noticed by
Edwards,) in Tuckey’s Exped. to the Zaire, (London, 1818,) p. 404. The M.
Cranchii may be a true Megalopa ; the others have a deflexed beak.

+ The author is indebted to Prof. L. R. Gibbes, of Charleston, S. C., for the
privilege of examining specimens of the M. inermis. They were obtained by him
from the stomach of a fish off the Atlantic coast between New York and Charleston,
in 1846. See Rep. Crust, in U. S. Collections, by Prof. Gibbes, in Proc. Amer.
Assoc. Charleston, 1850, vol. iii; p. 192.

2

10

[January,

teriorem inermis. Pedes antici mediocres, carpo inerml, manu paulo tumida,
supra subgibbosa, digitis hiantibus, apice inflexis et acutis. Pedes 2di 3tii
4tique subaequi, tarsis fere rectis, longis, articulo penultimo longioribus. Hab.
in mari Atlantico juxta “ Rio Negro ” Patagoniae, et in mari Pacifico prope
te Valparaiso.” Long, carapacis 3 — 4///.

Cyllene furciger. — Rostrum elongatum, spiniforme, frontis latitudine non
brevior. Thorax infra ad extremitatem posteriorem duabus spinis longis diver-
gentibus postice productis armatus. Pedes antici angusti, carpo articuloque
secundo spina brevi curvata armatis, brachio inermi. Tarsi 2di 3tii 4tique parce
armati, styliformes. — Hab in mari Suluensi.

Tribola lata. — Carapax late ovatus non pubescens, paulo longior quam
latus, lateribus pone ocuios parce undulatis, rostro lineari, dentibus frontis late-
ralibus rostro remotis, apice acutis et paulo divaricatis. Pedes antici parvuli,
tenues, manu pedibus sequentibus vix crassiore. Hab . in mari Atlantico, prope
insulas “Canary e stomacho piscis “ Bonito” lecta. Long, corporis fere l".

Tribola pubescens. — Carapax oblongus, subovatus, pubescens, lateribus pone
ocuios undulatis, rostro lineari, dentibus frontis lateralibus rostro minus remotis.
Pedes toti dense brevissimeque pubescentes ; antici rostrum paulo superantes,
angusti, inaequi, manu dextra non latiore quam carpus. Pedes 8 sequentes fere
duplo longiores, 2dis brevioribus quam 3tii. Hab. in Archipelago <c Paumotu ”
mari Pacifico.

Conspectus Crustaceorum , fyc. Conspectus of the Crustacea of the Exploring
Expedition under Capt. C. Wilkes , U. S. N. By James D. Dana.
MACROURA.

We follow De Haan in placing the genus Galathaea with the Anomoura ; and
near it we arrange iEglea, which widely differs from most other related species
in having penicillate instead of foliose branchiae.

The Macroura, excluding these groups, includes three distinct sections or sub¬
tribes.

One , the “Fossores” of authors, or the Thalassinidea, has close relations cn
one side with the Paguri, and on the other with the Squillidae. They constitute
a line of gradation between these extremes, independent mostly of the other
Macroura, and osculating only with the Astaci, although removed from them in
general habit and structure. There is a diversity among the legs as to form and
position, which is not found in any other Macroura, and calls to mind the Paguri.
Moreover, there is in general a looseness of structure, a length of abdomen, and
sluggish habit of body, unlike the trim compact forms of the typical Macroura.
The anterior feet are thrown directly forward and are thus fitted for the burrow¬
ing habits of the species.

The second subtribe — the Astacidea — is composed of the highest grade of
Macroura, approaching in some points of structure the Brachyura. This is seen
in the fact that the sides of the carapax fold under and unite to the epistome, as
is well shown in Scyllarus and less perfectly in Astacus ; also in the absence or
small size of the basal scale of the outer antennae. The Astaci are the transition
species between the other Astacidea and the Caridea, and in the genus Parane-
phrops , White, the antennary scale is not smaller than is common in the latter
group. Yet they properly form part of the same section with the Scyllari and
Palinuri, rather than a separate division as made by Milne Edwards; they differ
from all the Caridea in the transverse suture across the carapax near its middle.

The third section — the Caridea — includes the typical Macroura, which have
the sides of the carapax not soldered to the epistome, and a large basal scale to
the outer antennae.*

* The Cumae would constitute another section — Cumidea — if mature animals. But
according to recent researches of Prof. Agassiz, as he has informed the author, they
are in some cases, and probably in all, immature forms of Palaemon, Crangon, and
other known Macroural genera.

1852.]

11

These subtribes may be divided into families.

Subtribe 1. Tkalassinidea . This section, as Milne Edwards observes, includes
two strongly marked divisions; one, with only the ordinary thoracic branchiae,
and a second with the addition of abdominal branchial appendages, as in the Squil-
lidae. The former we name the Tkalassinidea Eubranckiata . the latter, the
Tkalassinidea Anomobranchiata. The first group embraces three families, dif¬
fering strikingly in outer maxillipeds and abdomen, as explained beyond. The
second contains only two genera, Callianidea , Edw., and Iscea , Guerin — the last
name was changed by Edwards to Callianisea ; but as this word is so near Callia-
nassa and Callianidea, a contraction to Callisea would be preferable.

Subtribe 2. Astacidea. — In this subtribe, we adopt De Haan’s sections, except
that we exclude the Megalopidea, and we do not associate the Thalassinidea
with the Astacidea. The sections or families are Scyllaridce , Palinuridoe ,
Eryonidce and Astacidce.

Leach in 1819 divided the old genus Astacus, naming the marine species
(Homarus Edw.) Astacus , and the fresh water (Astacus, Edw.) Potamobius.
Edwards’ division, of like character, now generally accepted, was not published
till 1837. Leach hence has the priority. But according to Leach, the name
Astacus is appropriated, not to the typical part of the group, that including the
Astacus Jluviatilis of old authors, or Cancer Astacus of Linnaeus, and which em¬
braces at the present time numerous species, but to that including the Cancer
Gammarus of Linnaeus, still but a small group. There is hence much objection
to the names of Leach, and moreover much confusion would now ensue from
their adoption. There seems therefore to be sufficient reason for rejecting them,
if it be of no weight that they have remained for 30 years unrecognised by
British authors. They are adopted in the Catalogue of British Crustacea of the
British Museum, published in 1850, but not in the general catalogue of 1847.

Subtribe 3. Caridea. — In arranging the Caridea into groups, much stress is
usually laid upon external form and length of beak. The unimportance of these
characters is inferrible from the fact that they involve no essential variations of
structure. Moreover, in a single natural group we may find both the long and
short beak. In the Crangon group, for instance, in which the beak is usually
very short and the body depressed, we have a species with the beak and habit of
a Hippolyte.

There are other characters of more fundamental value ; and these have been
brought forward by De Haan. The mandibles afford the distinctions alluded to.
In one section they are very slender and are bent nearly at a right angle, with¬
out enlargement at the crown. In another they are very stout, and somewhat
bent above with a broad dilated crown. In a third, they are stout, but not bent,
and have a dentate summit. In a fourth they have, in addition to a projecting
lateral crown, a large summit process, which is often oblong and very prominent.
These forms are characteristic of different sections of the Caridea.

The fact that the mandibles bear a palpus or not is of much less importance ;
for the portion of the mandible which is most essential to its functions is the
crown. Among the Palaemoninae, there are genera having a mandibular palpus,
and others without one ; while the two kinds in other respects are remarkably
close in their relations. We have found moreover that in this group, the length
of the palpus varies with the disjunction of the 2d and 3d flagella of the inner
antennae. If these flagella are separate to their bases nearly, (as in Palaemon,)
the palpus is long and 3-jointed ; if united for some distance up, the palpus be¬
comes short and finally only 2-jointed (Palaemonella;) if united nearly or quite
to their summits, there is no palpus.*

In the arrangement of the genera into families, the fact whether the 1st or 2 d

• In our genus Palaemonella, the palpus of the mandible is 2-jointed, and in An-
chistia , which is closely like Palaemon in habit in some of its species, there is no
palpus, as in the Pontoniae ; and thus the transition to the Pontoniae from Palaemon
is exceedingly gradual. Harpilius and CEdipus (Pontoniae of authors) fill up the in¬
terval between Anchistia and the true Pontoniae. They are all similar in having the
2d pair of legs largest, and in other prominent characteristics.

12

[January,

dair of legs is the stouter , is of great weight, much greater than previous authors
have recognised. In the Erachyura, the anterior pair is uniformly the strong
pair ; and this uniformity through so extensive a group shows that the variations
from it must be of importance in classification. This peculiarity of the Brachyura
is a consequence of the concentration of force in the cephalic or anterior portion
of the cephalothorax ; and the diffusion of this force posteriorly, which in differ¬
ent degrees marks the Macroura, is especially exhibited in the legs. It is there¬
fore of no little interest to observe whether the first or the second pair is the
larger, or whether the degradation is still greater and the 3d pair is chelate like
the 2d and even stouter, as in the Penaei. By regarding this character we are
led to place Hippolyte and Rhyncocinetes with Alpheus, instead of with Palaemon ;
also Hymenocera and Pontonia with Palaemon, instead of with Alpheus; Pasi-
phaea in a distinct group from the Penaei, &c. Moreover, the Penaeinea, viewed
in this light and stripped of some unrelated genera, make a natural group, for
they are characterized by having the third pair of legs like the second , instead of
like the fourth. In the lowest forms among the Penaeinea, there are no chelate
or didactyle legs, and the species approach the Schizopods.

In the preceding paragraphs we have but hinted at some of the more prominent
principles involved in the classification of the Macroura here presented, a fuller
exposition of which will be given in another place. Below is a synopsis
of the arrangement thus arrived at, and following this synopsis, are our descrip¬
tions of new species.

Synopsis Familiarum Crustaceorum Macrourorum.

I. THALASSINIDEA, vel MACROURA PAGURO-SQUILLIDICA.

Carapax sutura transversa notatus, posticeque saepe suturis duabus longi-
tudinalibus. Abdomen saepius multo elongatum. Antennae externae squama
basali sive nulla sive parvula instructae. Pedes 2 antici prorsum projecti ; 6 pos-
tici habitu raro consimiles. Species fossores.

Legio I. THALASSINIDEA EUBRANCHIATA.

Branthiis thoracicis instructa tantum.

Fam. 1. Gebidje. — Maxillipedes externi pediformes. Appendices caudales et
aliae abdominales latae.

Fam. 2. Callianassidae. — Maxillipedes externi operculiformes. Appendices
caudales latae.

Fam. 3. Thalassinhxe. — Maxillipedes externi pediformes. Appendices cau¬
dales lineares.

Legio II. THALASSINIDEA ANOMOBRANCHIATA.

II. ASTACIDEA vel MACROURA SUPERIORA.

Carapax sutura transversa saepius notatus, lateribus anterioribus epistomate
connatis. Antennae externae squama basali sive nulla sive parva instructae. Ab¬
domen sat breve vel mediocre. Branchiae penicillatae. Pedes 2 antici oblique
projecti; 6 postici directione consimiles.

1. Antennae externa: squama basali non instructae. Pedes antici monodactyli .
Fam. 1. Scyllaridte. — Carapax valde depressus, marginibus lateralibus sat
tenuibus, carapace lateraliter subito inflexo. Antennae externae laminatae,
breves. Sternum trigonum.

Fam. 2. PalinuridjE. — Carapax subcylindricus, lateraliter late rotundatus.
Antennae externae basi subcylindricae, longae. Sternum trigonum.

2. Antenncc externae squama basali instructs. Pedes antici didactyli.
Fam. 3. Eryonid;e. — Carapax non oblongus, depressus, lateribus subito inflexis,
abdomine multo angustiore.

Fam. 4. Astacid>e. — Carapax oblongus, subcylindricus, abdomine parce angus¬
tiore. Sternum angustum.

1852.]

13

III. CARIDEA.

Carapax sutura transversa non notatus, cephalothoracern plerumque tegens,
lateribus anterioribus liberis, epistomate non connatis. Antennae externae squamik
basali grandi instructae. Corpus sive subcylindricum sive paulo cornpressum.
Branchiae saepius foliosae.

Legio I. PALiEMONINEA.

Pares lmi 2dique pedum, unus vel ambo, chelati ; 3tii 4tis similes. Maxilli-
pedes 2di breves, lamellatae.

Fam. 1. Crangonide. — Mandibulae graciles, valde incurvatae, non palpigerae,
corona angusta et non dilatata. Pedum pares lmi 2di inter se valde in-
aequi.

Fam. 2. Atyide. — Mandibulae crassae, non palpigerae, corona lata, parce bi¬
partita, processu terminal] brevi et dilatato. Pedum pares lmi 2dique inter
se aequi, carpo nunquam annulato.

Fam. 3. Palemonide. — Mandibulae crassae, sive palpigerae sive non palpigerae,
supra profunde bipartitae, processu apicali oblongo, angusto.

LegioII. PASIPH^INEA.

Pedes lmi 2dique chelati, 3tii 4tis similes. Maxillipedes 2di tenuiter pedi-
formes.

Fam. 1. Pasipheide. — Mandibulae uti in Atyidia.

Legio III. PENiEINEA.

Pedes 3tii 2dis similes, saepius chelati, 3tiis majoribus ; nisi chelati, toti vergi-
formes et debiles.

Fam. 1. Peneide. — Pedes 3tii bene didactyli, validiores, 2dis similes. Palpus
mandibularis latus.

Fam. 2. Sergestide. — Pedes 3tii 2dique sive vergiformes sive obsolete chelati,
lmis vergiformibus. Palpus mandibularis gracilis.

Fam. 3. Eucopide. — Pedes 3tii 2dique vergiformes ; lmi maxillipedesque ex-
terni aeque monodactyli et subprehensiles, digito in articulum penultimum
claudente. Palpus mandibularis gracilis.

Synopais Subfamiliar urn Generumque Crust aceorum Macrourorum Viventium.

Subtribus I. THALASSINIDEA.

Legio I. THALASSINIDEA EUBRANCHIATA.

Fam. 1. GEBiDiE.

G. 1. Gebia, Leach. — Digitus manus inferior obsolescens. Pedes 2di 3tii 4ti
5tique monodactyli. Rostrum tridentatum. Antennae externae squama
basali carentes.

G. 2. Axius, Leach. — Manus lata, digito inferiore elongato. Pedes 2di minores,
sublamellati, didactyli; 3tii 4ti Stique monodactyli. Rostrum simplex,
triangulatum. Oculi pigmento perfecti. Antennae externae squama
basali parva instructae.

G. 3. Calocaris, Bell.* — Manus gracilis, digito inferiore elongato. Pedes 2di
minores, cheliformes, 3tii 4ti 5tique monodactyli. Rostrum ac in Axio.
Oculi pigmento corneaque carentes. Antennae externae squama basali parva
instructae. Segmentum caudale oblongum.

G. 4. Laomedia, Be Haan.j — Manus ac in Axio. Pedes 2di monodactyli, quo-
que 3tii et 4ti ; 5ti obsoleti.

“British Crustacea,” p- 231,

+ Faun. Japon. Crust., p. 162.

14

[January,

G. 5. Glaucothoe, Edw. — Manus ac in Axio. Pedes 2di 3tiique pediformes ac
in Paguro ; 4ti 5tique subcheliformes. Antennarum internarum flagella
articulo precedente breviora.

Fam. 2. Callianassid^e.

G. 1. Calljanarsa, Leach. — Oeuli sublamellati, cornea mediana et non mar-
ginali. Flagella antennarum internarum articulo precedente longiora.
Pedes lmi grandes, bene didactyli ; 2di didactyli minores, 3tii articulo pe-
nultimo late lamellati.

G. 2. Trtp^a, D ana. — Pedibus Callianassce affinis. Flagella antennarum
internarum articulo precedente breviora, antennis subpediformibus.

Fam. 3. Thalassinid^.

G. 1. Thalassina, Latreille. — Manus validae, multo inaequae, digito immobili
majoris brevi. Pedes 2di articulo penultimo lamellati, 3tii 4ti 5tique an-
gusti, monodactyli.

Legio 2. THALASSINIDEA ANOMOBRANCHIATA.

G. 1. Callianidea, Edw. — Pedibus Callianassce aflinis, anticis bene didactylis,
2dis et 3tiis minoribus, didactylis, compressis, 4tis 5tisque subcylindricis.
Oculi ac in Callianassa.

G. 2. Cablisea. — (Isaea, Guerin. Callianisea, Edw.) Forsan a Callianidea
nihil differt, teste Edwardsio (Crust, ii. 321.)

Subtribus II. ASTACIDEA.

Fam. 1. SCYLLARIDiE.

1 . Carapax oblongus vel subquadratus, non transversus. Oculi versus cephalo-

thoracis angulos externos insit i.

G. 1. Scyllarus, Fabr. — Rostrum valde saliens. Latera carapacis non incisa.
Antennae externae inter se fere contiguae. Palpus maxillipedis externi
flagello confectus. Branchiae numero 21. Species, Sc. sculptzis, latus,
squamosus, equinoxialis , Haanii, Sieboldi.

G. 2. Arctus, Dana , (Scyllari subgenus 5tum, De Haan.) — Rostrum perbreve,
truncatum. Antennae externae inter se remotae. Palpus maxillipedis
flagello carens. Branchiae 19. Sp. A. ursus, D. (Scyllarus arctus, Auct .)

2. Carapax plus minusve transversus , lateribus non incisus. Oculi in angulis

externis.

G. 3. Thenus, Leach. — Oculi oblongi. Rostrum bilobatum. Branchiae 21.
Species. T. orientalis.

3. Carapax plus mimtsve transversus , lateribus incisus. Oculi angulis externis

valde remoti.

G. 4. Parribacus, Dana, (Scyllari subgenus 2dum,D« Haan.) — Rostrum sub-
triangulatum. Antennae externae inter se fere contiguae. Oculi fere in
medio inter antennas internas et angulos cephalothoracis externos.
Branchiae 21. Species. P. antarcticus et P. Parrce (Ibacus antarcticus et
I. Parrae, Auct.)

G. 5. Ibacus, Leach. — Rostrum bilobatum. Antennae externae inter se paulo
remotae. Oculi versus rostrum insiti. Branchiae 21. Species. I. Pero nii,
I. cihatuSyDe Haan,et I. novemdentatus , Gibbes.*

* Species Scyllaridarum enurneratae in “ Hist. Nat. des Crustaces,” Edwardsii
editae, sequentibus exceptis : Sc. Ilaanii, Siebold (Faun. Japon. 152, pi. 38, f. 1,) Sc.
Sieboldi, De Haan (Faun. Jap. 152, pi. 36, f. 1.) ibacus ciliatus, Siebold, (Faun. Jap.
153, pi. 36, f. 2,) Ibacus novemdentatus , Gibbes, (Nuntiis Assoc. Sci. Amer. 1850,
Charlestonjiii, 193.)

1852.]

15

Fam. 2. Palin urid^e.

G. 1. Palinurus, Fair. (Palinuri communes, Edw.)— Carapax vix rostratus.
Annulus antennalis supra angustissimus, curvatus. Antennae externae basi
fere contiguae. Antennae internae flagellis breves. — Linuparus, Gray, hie
inclusus.

G. 2. Panulirus, Gray , (Palinuri longicornes, Edw.)— Carapax rostratus.
Annulus antennalis supra latus, subquadratus et horizontalis. Antennae
externae basi non contiguae; antennae internae flagellis longae.

Fam. 3. Eryondle.

Genus Eryon, ' Desmarest.

Fam. 4. Astacidae.

1. Manus crassce et latce} marginibus areuatce , superficie convexce (Astacin je.)

A. Branchiae 19. Segmentum thoracis ultimum non mobile — Species marinae.

G. 1. Homarus, Edw. — Rostrum tenue, utrinque paucidentatum. Squama
basalis antennarum externarum perbrevis.

B. Branchiae 17 — 18. Segmentum thoracis ultimum mobile Rostrum integrum vel
utrinque unidentatum. — Species fluviales.

G. 2. Astacoides, Guerin. — Segmentum abdominis maris lmum appendicibus
carens. — Hie referemus subgenera Erichsoni Astacoides , Engaus et Cht-
raps *

G. 3. Astacus. — Segmentum abdominis maris lmum appendicibus instructum.
Hie referemus subgenera Erichsoni Astacus et Cambarusy illo branchiis
18, hoc branchiis 17, instructo.

2. Manus prismaticce lateribus fere recta. (Nephropin.e.)

G. 4. Nephrops, Leach. — Rostrum utrinque dentatum vel spinosum. Squama
basalis antennarum externarum basi vix longiores. — Species marinae.

G. 5. Paranefhrops, White. \ — Rostrum uti in Nephrope. Squama basalis
antennarum externarum basi dimidio longiores. — Species fluviales ?

Subtribus III. CARIDEA.

Legio I. PALiEMONINEA.

Fam. I. Crangonidae.

Subfam. 1. CRANGONINiE. — Pedes lmi 2dis crassiores. Maxillipedes externi
pediformes. Digitus mobilis in palmam claudens, immobilis spiniformis.
Pedes 2di non annulati.

G. 1. Crangon, Fabr. — Rostrum brevissimum. Oculi liberi. Pedes 2di chelis
armati, 4ti 5tique acuminati, gressorii.

* Archiv. f. Nat. 1846, p. 86 et375. Astaci Subgenera Erichsono instituta sequentia
sunt.

1. Astacoides. Pedes abdominales ramis membranacei, lmis maris obsoletis.
Antennae externae internis exteriores.

2. Astacus. Pedes abdominales (lamellis caudalibus inclusis) calcarei, lmis maris
elongatis. Antennae externae internis exteriores. Pedes 5ti branchias gerentes,
branchiis numero 18.

3. Cambarus. Pedes abdominales (lamellis caudalibus inclusis) calcarei, lmis maris
elongatis. Antennae externae internis exteriores. Pedes 5ti branchias non gerentes,
branchiis numero 17.

4. Cheraps. Pedes abdominales calcarei, lmis maris obsoletis; lamellae caudales
partim membranacei. Antennae externae internis exteriores. Pedes 5ti branchias
non gerentes, branchiis numero 17.

5. Eng^us. Antennae externae sub internis. Pedes 5ti branchias gerentes, branchiis
numero 18.

Textura appendicium abdominalium discrimen genericum justum non videtur,
necque situs antennarum externarum. An auctoritatis gravis numerus branchiarum ?
non credimus

+ A. White, in Misc. Zool. Gray 79. 1842 et “Voy. Erebus and Terror,” pi. 3, f. 1,

16 [January,

G. 2. Sabinea, Owen* * * § — Rostrum brevissimum. Oculi liberi. Pedes 2di
chelis carentes ; 4ti 5tique acuminati, gressorii.

G. 3. Argis, Kruyer. f — Rostrum nullum. Oculi sub carapace fere occulti.
Pedes 2di chelis armati.

G. 4. Paracrangon, Dana. — Rostrum elongatum. Oculi liberi. Pedes 2di
obsoleti, 4ti Stique acuminati, gressorii.

Subfam. 2. LYSMATINiE. — Pedes lmi 2dis crassiores. Maxillipedes externi
pediformes. Digiti alter ad alterum claudentes. Pedes 2di annulati.

G. 1. Nika, Risso. — Rostrum breve. Antennae internae duobus flagellis con-
fectae. Pedes antici impares, uno chelato, altero monodactylo. Carpus
paris 2di elongatus annulatus.

G. 2. Lysmata, Risso. — Rostrum elongatum, subensiforme. Antennae internae
tribus flagellis confectae. Pedes antici ambo chelati. Carpus paris 2di
elongate filiformis.

G. 3. Cyclorhynchus, De Haan.f — Rostrum sat breve, compressum et subor-
biculare. Carpus 2dus brevis, pauci-annulatus;

Subfam. 3. GNATHOPHYLLINiE.— Pedes 2di lmis crassiores. Maxillipedes
externi lati, operculiformes.

G. 1. Gnathopiiyllum, Latreille.

Fam, 2. Atyid^e.

Subfam. 1. ATYINiE. — Pedes thoracici palpo non instructi.

G. 1. Atya, Leach. — Rostrum breve, depressum. Antennae internae flagellis
duobus confectae. Pedes 4 antici sat breves, carpis sublunatis, cuspide
inferiore manum ferente, digitis penecillo setarum longo ad apicem armatis ;
3tii 5tis multo longiores et crassiores.

G. 2. Atyoida, Randall .§ — Rostro, antennis pedibusque anticis Atyce aflinis.
Pedes 3tii tenues, 5tis breviores. [An distinctio valida?]

G. 3. Caridina, Edwards. — Rostrum sat breve sat longum. Antennae internae
flagellis duobus confectae. Pedes 2di lmis longiores, digitis parium am-
borum apice penecillatus, carpis lmis perbrevibus et antice excavatis, 2dis
subcylindricis, oblongis.

Subfam. 2. EPHYRIN.E. — Pedes thoracici palpo instructi.

G. 1. Ephyra, Roux , De Haan.\\ — Rostrum dentatum. Antennae internae
flagellis duobus confectae. Pedes 4 antici parvi, nudi vel nudiusculi.
Pedes 6 postici graciles.

Fam. 3. PALiEMONIDiE.

Subfam. 1. ALPHEIN^E. — Pedes lmi crassiores, chelati, 2di filiformes, carpo
saepius annulati et chelati. Mandibuli palpigeri.

G. 1. Alpheus, Fabr. — Rostrum brevissimum. Antennae internae flagellis
duobus confectae. Oculi sub carapace occulti. Manus paris 2di major
non inversa, digito mobili superiore. Pedes 2di carpo filiformes, annulati.
Maxillipedes externi subtenues, mediocres. Species maris calidioris.

G. 2. Bet,eus, Dana. — Rostrum nullum. Oculis et ceteris Alpheo plerumque
affinis. Manus paris 2di major fere inversa, digito mobili inferiore vel
exteriore. — Species maris frigidioris.

* Owen, Append. “Voy. Capt. Ross,” p. 82. — Crangon septemcarinatum, Sabine,

t Tidskrift, iv. 1843, p. 217.

t Faun. Japon. Crust., p. 174.

§ Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii, p. 140.

II De Haan, Faun. Japon. p. 185, pi. 46, f. 7.

1852.]

17

G. 3. Alope, White.* — Rostrum breve, inter spinas duas longas insitum hisque
saepe partim celatum. Antennae internae flagellis duobus confectae.
Maxillipedes externi longissimi. Oculi paulo salientes.

G. 4. Athanas, Leach. — Rostrum breve. Antennae internae flagellis tribus
confectae. Oculi paulo salientes. Pedes 2di carpo annulati.

G. 5. Hippolyte, Leach.] — Rostrum sat longum, plus minusve ensiforme, non
mobile. Abdomen medio deflexum. Antennae internae flagellis duobus
confectae. Oculi salientes. Pedes 2di carpo annulati.

G. 6. Rhyncocinetes, Edw. — Rostrum ensiforme, mobile, fronte articulo
conjunctum. Oculi antennaeque uti in Hippolyte. Pedes 2di carpo non
annulati.

[Ubi pertinet genus sequens ?

G. Autonomea, Risso. — Pqfles antici crassi, chelati. Pedes 2di non chelati et
carpo non annulati, 3tiis similes. Maxillipedes externi tenues. Rostrum
breve. Oculi salientes. Antennae internae flagellis duobus confectae ;
externae squama basali non instructae.]

Subfam. 2. PAND ALIN Ail. — Pedes antici gracillimi, non chelati, 2di filiformes,
carpo annulati.

G. Pandalus, Leach. —

Subfam. 3. PALASMONINA5. — Pedes 4 antici chelati, 2di lmis crassiores.
Carpis nullis annulatis. Pedes nulli palpigeri.

1. Antennae internae duobtis flagellis confectae. Mandibulce non palpigerce.

G. 1. Pontonia, Latr. — Corpus depressum. Rostrum breve. Oculi parvuli.
Maxillipedes suboperculiformes, articulo 2do lato, 3tio 4toque simul
sumtis longiore, his subcylindricis.

G. 2. CEdipus, Lana. — (Pontonia, Auct.) Corpus plus minusve depressum.
Rostrum longitudine mediocre. Oculi permagni. Maxillipedes externi
latiusculi, articulis totis latitudine fere aequis. Tarsi infra elongate
gibbosi.

G. 3. Harpilius, Lana. (Pontonia, Auct.]) — Corpus non depressum. Rostrum
longitudine mediocre. Oculi magni. Maxillipedes suboperculiformes,
articulo 2do lato, 3tio 4toque simul sumtis breviore, his subcylindricis.
Tarsi uncinati, infra non gibbosi.

G. 4. Anchistia, Lana. — Rostrum tenue, saepius ensiforme et elongatum.
Corpus vix depressum, saepe compressum. Oculi mediocres ; antennae
duobus flagellis instructae, una parce bifida. Maxillipedes externi omnino
tenues, pediformes.

2. Mandibulce palpigerce.
a. Oculi aperti.

G. 5. Pal^emonella, Lana. — Corpus non depressum. Rostrum sat longum,
dentatum. Oculi mediocres. Mandibularum palpus bi-articulatus, per-
brevis. Antennae internae flagellis duobus confectae, uno apicem bifido.
Maxillipedes externi tenues.

G. 6. Paljemon, Fabr.\\ — Corpus non depressum. Rostrum longum, dentatum.
Oculi mediocres. Palpus mandibularum 3-articulatus. Antennae internae
flagellis tribus confectae. Maxillipedes externi tenues. Pedes 2di nun-
quam lamellati.

* Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. [2J, i. 225.

t Periclimenes, Costa, (Ann dell’ Acad, degli Aspir. Nat. di Napoli, ii, 1844,) Hippo-
Ijto affinis et vix differt, teste Erichsono. Arch. f. Nat. 1846, p. 310.

t Pontoniae verae CEdipis et Harpiliis habitu multodifferl ; Pontoniarum oculis parvulis,
abdomine valde inflexo, et modo vitae saepius luti in Pinnotheris: aliorum oculi*
pergrandibus, abdomine minus inflexo, animalibus modo vitae liberis, inter ramos coral-
lorum saepe natantibus. Pontonia macrophthalma, Edw., (Edipo pertinet.

II Leander, Desnmrest, (Ann. Ent. Soc. France, 1849, p. 87,) a Palernone vix differt,
abdomine ad articulationem 3-tiam inflexo non discrimine valido.

3

18

[January,

G. 7. Hymenocera, Latr. — Corpus non depressum. Rostrum sat longum. Oculi
mediocres. Pedes 2di tenuiter laminati, latissimi ; lmi tenuissimi, manu
minuta. Maxillipedes externi subfoliacei.

b. Oculi sub carapace celati.

G. 8. Cryphiops, Da7ia. — Rostrum longitudine mediocre. Oculi parvuli,
omnino occulti. Antennas internae flagellis tribus confectae. Maxillipedes
externi subtenues.

[Ubi pertinet Genus Typton, Costa , (Annal. dell’ Acad, degli Aspir. Nat.

di Napoli, ii, 1844); squama basali antennarum externarum carens ; Pontoniae

affinis.]

Subfam. 4. OPLOPHORINiE. — Pedes lmi sive didactyli sive vergiformes ; 2di
chelati, crassiores. Squama antennarum qpternarum acuminata, extus
spinis armata.

G. 1. Oplophorus, Edw. — Corpus non compressum. Rostrum longum, den-
tatum. Antennae internae flagellis duobus confectae. Pedes toti palpigeri,
4 antici chelati. [Abdominis dorsum processubus spiniformibus uno vel
pluribus armatum.]

G. 2. Regulus, j Dana. — Rostrum longum, dentatum. Antennae internae flagellis
duobus confectae. Pedes nulli palpigeri, 2 antici non chelati, 2di crasse
chelati. Mandibularum palpus 3-articulatus. [Abdominis segmentum
3tium dorso postico instar spinae longae productum.]

Legio II. PASIPHiEINEA.

Fam. I. Pasipharda:.

G. 1. Pasiph^a, Savigny. — Rostrum obsolescens. Antennae internae flagellis
duobus confectae. Pedes palpigeri, palpis elongatis. Pedes 4 antici
subaequi, manubus gracilibus.

Legio III. PEN^EINEA.

Fam. 1. Penarda;.

G. 1. Sicyonia, Edw. — Pedes 6 antici lineares, 4 postici non annulati. Carapax
breviter rostratus, semicalcareus, dorso carinato. Pedes abdominales
lamina una instructi. Maxillipedes 2di 3tiique non palpigeri. Antennae
internae perbreves.

G. 2. PENiEus, Latr. — Pedes 6 antici lineares, 4 postici non annulati. Carapax
elongato-rostratus, rostro ensiformi. Pedes abdominales laminis duabus
instructi. Maxillipedes externi bene palpigeri. — Hie referemus genus
“ Aristceus ” [Duvernoy, Ann. des Sci. Nat. xv, 1841, pi. 4.]

G. 3. Stenopus, Latr. — Pedes 6 antici lineares, 3 postici longi, annulati.
Rostrum longitudine mediocre. Maxillipedes externi brevissime palpigeri.

G. 4. Spongicola, DeHaan .* — Pedes 4 antici filiformes, 2 sequentes unus vel
ambo crassissimi ; 4 postici non annulati. Carapax bene rostratus, rostro
subensiformi. Maxillipedes externi non palpigeri.

Fam. 2. Sergestida:.

G. 1. Sergestes, Edw. — Carapax brevissime rostratus. Pedes thoracis non
palpigeri, 2di 3tiique obsolete didactyli, 5ti parvuli.

G. 2. Acetes, Edw. — Carapax minute rostratus. Pedes thoracis non palpigeri,
2di 3tiique obsolete didactyli, 5ti obsoleti.

G. 3. Euphema, Edw. — Carapax bene rostratus. Pedes thoracis elongato-palpi-
geri,”6 antici didactyli, manubus parvulis, 4 postici filiformes, ciliati, non
annulati. Branchiae foliosae. Abdomen dorso uni-spinosum — An hujus
sedis est?

• Faun. Japon. Crust p. 189, tab. 46, f. 9.

1852.]

19

Fam. 3. Eucopim.

G. 1. Eucopia, Dana. — Carapax non rostratus, fronte integro. Pedes thoracis
elongato-palpigeri, palpis natatoriis. Maxillipedes 2di 3tii et pedes lmi
monodactyli et prehensiles, unguiculo ad articulum precedens claudente.

Descriptiones Crustaeeorum Macrourorum adhuc ineditce.

Subtribus I. THALASSINIDEA.

Legio I. THALASSINIDEA EUBRANCHIATA.

Fam. Gebida:.

Gebia Pugettensis. — Frons tridentatus, dente mediano triangulatus, super-
ficie superna usque ad suturam dorsi transversam scabra et hirsuta. Manus
marginibus pilosa, non spinulosa nec dentata, superficie externa laevis non cos-
tata, lineaque dense hirsuta longitudinaliter notata, digito inferiore dentiformi,
crasso, acuto, non incurvato, digito mobili elongato, inermi, margine piloso.
Pedes 2di infra longissime ciliati. Antennae externae quoad basin partim pilosae,
flagellis paulo hirsutis. Segmentum caudale transversum, rectangulatum, inte¬
grum. Hab. in freto Pugettensi, Oregoniae. Long. 2".

Fam. Callianassid^e.

Callianassa gigas. — Frons paulo triangulatus. Oculi complanati. Manus
major valde compressa, laevis, carpo non duplo longior, digitis brevibus, dimidio
manus brevioribus, sparsim hirsutis, consimilibus, non hiantibus, superiore
arcuato, acuto, brachio angusto, ad basin infra dentigero sed vix latiore, paululo
longiore quam corpus, intus vix dentato. Segmentum caudale appendicibus
caudalibus vix brevius. Hab. in freto Pugettensi, Oregoniae. Long. W.

Tryp.ea Australiensis. — Frons non triangulatus. Pedes antici valde com-
pressi, brachio carpo manuque pedis majoris supra acutis. Manus major lata,
laevis, carpo paululo longior ; digitis fere dimidii manus longitudine, non hianti¬
bus, intus subtiliter denticulatis, superiore paulo longiore, arcuato, carpo paulo
minore quam manus, brachio cum processu cultriformi juxta basin infra armato.
Segmentum caudale non longius quam latum, postice arcuatum. Hab. in oris
Illawarrae Australiae orientalis. Long. 21".

Fam. Thalassinhle.

Thalassina gracilis. — Carapax laevis, rostro perbrevi, acuto, margine extra-
orbitali acuto. Abdomen sparsim pubescens, marginibus integris, segmento
caudali paulo oblongo, postice bene rotundato, non longiore quam appendices
caudales. Pedes lmi subaequi, valde compressi, manu angusto-elongata, mar¬
gine superiore subacuto, breviter spinoso, inferiore integro et inermi, digito
mobili paulo breviore quam pars manus anterior, angusto, fere recto, seriatim
pubescente, digito immobili plus dimidio breviore, acuto. Pedes 6 postici
tenues; 5ti paulo breviores. Hab. in oris insulae “ Telegraph, juxta “ Singa¬
pore.” Long. 2i".

Subtribus II. ASTACOIDEA.

Fam. S C YLL ARIDA3 .

Arctus Vitiensis. — Carapax subtilissimis plumulis pubescens, spina pone
medium frontis et altera gastrica armatus, versus orbitam utrinque subcarinatus
et 1 — 2-dentatus. Antennae internae nudiusculae, articulo basis penultimo fere
duplo longiore quam ultimus. Antennae externae extremitate truncatae, articulo
ultimo apice 5-lobato, lobis oblongis, interno breviore, articulo 2do ultimum

20

[January,

fere superante, extus unidentato, intus 3-dentato, superficie carinata, carina
integrd. Pedes nudi, subteretes, inermes, 2dis pergracilibus, tarso 2do duplo
longiore quam 3tius. 1 lab. in archipelago Vitiensi (“ Fejee ”). Long. 1".

Fam. Astacid^e.

Astacus leniusculus. — Rostrum tridentatum, dentibus acutis, medio tenuiter
elongato. Carapax laevis, punctulatus, lateraliter pone rostrum utrinque 2-spi-
nosus ; areola inter suturas longitudinales post-dorsales lata. Pedes antici
compressi, inermes, non tuberculati, manu laevi, punctulata, carpo paulo ob-
longo, intus recto, inermi, apice interno acuto excepto, brachio antice denticu-
lato, apice interno elongate acuto, dorso unispinoso. Pedes sequentes nudius-
culi. Segmentum caudale parce oblongum, lateribus fere parallelis. Pedes 5ti
branchias parvas gerentes. Hah. flumine “Columbia,” Oregoniae. Long. A".

Astacoides nobilis. — Rostrum sat longum fere integrum, apice obtusum,
utrinque obsolete unidentatum, basi antennarum externarum paulo brevius.
Carapax lateraliter infra basin rostri obsolete utrinque armatus. Abdominis
segmenta utrinque paulo uni-tuberculata, junioris tuberculis obsolescentibus ;
segmentum 2dum prope marginem lateralem spinis brevibus armatum; seg¬
mentum caudale paulo oblongum. Pedes antici aequi, crassi, carpo intus
valde trispinoso, manu infra supraque marginata et breviter dentata, superficie
fere laevi, nuda. Epistomatis processus medianus anticus triangulatus et valde
elongatus, et perangustus. Hab. Australia orientali ? Long. 5".

Paranephrops tenuicornis. — Rostrum elongatum, acuminatum, tenue, bases
antennarum longitudine superans, utrinque 4-spinosum et posterius super cara-
pacem utrinque aliis spinis duabus. Pedes 8 postici gracillimi. Pedes antici
longi, manu vix crassiore quam carpus, margine superno biseriatim spinoso,
superficiebus interna externaque uniseriatim spinosis, margine inferiore et super-
fice proxima spinuli-scabris et non seriatim spinosis. Hab. in fluminibus prope
portum “ Bay of Islands,” Novi-Zealandiae.

Subtribus III. CARIDEA.

Legiol. PAL^EMONINEA.

Fain. Crangonidje.

Subfam. Crangoninje.

Crangon munitus. — Rostrum brevissimum, rotundatum. Carapax partim
7-carinatus, carina medid vel prima bispinosd, 2da utrinque unispinosa, brevi,
3tia nuda, 4ta unispinosa, brevi. Abdomen laeve, inerme. Manus nuda. Pedes
2di 3tiis vix breviores, 4ti 5tique paulo hirsuti, 5tis minoribus. Maxillipedes
externi utrinque valde ciliati. Segmentum caudale apice subacutum et quatuor
setis instructum. Hab. in freto Pugettensi. Long. 1" 10'".

Paracrangon echinatus. — Rostrum elongatum, porrectum, apice bidentatum,
dorso unidentatum, juxta basin infra unispinosum, spina longa porrecta. Cara¬
pax mullispinosus, medio dorso inaeque 4-dentatus, utrinque 5 — 7-spinosus.
Abdomen superne partim carinatum superficie paulo scalptum, lateribus acutis.
Manus elongata, digito immobili longo et gracillimo. Pedes 4ti 5tique fere
nudi, subaequi. Hab. in freto Pugettensi. Long. ll".

Subfam. LysmatinjE.

Nika Hawaiensis. — Rostrum brevissime triangulatum, oculis multo brevius,
latius quam longum. Squama antennarum externarum basi internarum parce
brevior. Pedes antici subaequi, dexter chelatus nudiusculus. Articulus pedis
2di 4tus 3tio vix longior, non annulatus; carpus 11-articulatus, articulis quatuor
lmis vix disjunctis. Pedes 6 postici subaequi, nudiusculi, gracillimi. Hab.
prope insuiam “ Maui ” Hawaiensem. Long . 8'".

1852.]

Fam. PALiEMONID^E.
Subfam. Alphein.®.

21

Genus Alpheus.

I. Rostrum margins frontis ortum , superficie inter oculos seeping leviter
carinatd.

A. Antennarum articulus lmus externarum spina externa sive nulla sive ob-
solescente armatus.

1. Manus marginibus inferiors superioreque versus digitos excavata. Dene anten¬
narum internarum basalis articulo lmo non longior. Articulus pedum 3 tiorum
At or urn 3tius omnino inermis.

a. Orbit® margo inermis.

Alpheus strenuus. — Rostrum elongatum, acutum, superficie inter oculos
leviter carinata. Squama antennarum externarum basalis basi non longior.
Articulus antennarum internarum 2dus lmo fere duplo longior. Pedes antici
multo inaequi, manus majoris sinu infero-marginali concavo et non triangulato,
brachio ad apicem internum acute uni-dentato ; manu minore angusto-oblonga,
paulo pubescente, digitis intus dense hirsutis, pilis apicem digiti mobilis omnino
celantibus. Pedes 2di 3tiis multo longiores, carpi articulis lmo 2doque fere
aequis, 2do longiore quam 5tus. Hab. insula Tongatabu. Long 12".

Alpheus pacificus. — Rostrum breve, acutum, superficie inter oculos breviter
carinata. Squama antennarum externarum basalis basi plane brevior ; articulus
antennarum internarum 2dus lmo duplo longior. Pedes antici multo inaequi ;
manus majoris sinu infero-marginali profunde triangulato, brachio apicem inter¬
num inermi; manu minore angusto-oblonga, paulo pubescente, digitis intus
dense hirsutis, apicibus apertis. Pedes 2di 3tiis parce longiores, carpi articulo
2do multo breviore quam lmus, vix longiore quam 5tus. Hab . insulis Hawaien-
sibus. Long. 12".

b. Orbit® margo spinula armatus.

Alpheus euchirus. — Rostrum paulo elongatum, superficie inter oculos cari¬
nate. Squama antennarum externarum basalis basi non longior. Articulus
antennarum internarum 2dus lmo paulo longior. Pedes antici multo inaequi ;
manus majoris sinu infero-marginali concavo ; brachio apicem non spinigero ;
manu minore oblonga, crassiuscula, laevi, digitis extus et intus leviter laxeque
pubescentibus. Pedes 2di 3tiis paulo longiores, carpi articulo lmo duplo lon¬
giore quam 2dus, manu vix breviore quam tres articuli precedentes simul sumti.
Pedes 3tii 4tive parce criniti, articulo 3tio apicem internum brevissime acuto,
5to intus 7 — S-setuloso, setulis paulo confertis. Hab. in freto “ Balabac.”
Long. 9"'.

2. Manus margins inferiors integer. Dens antennarum internarum basalis articulo
primo vix longior.

a. Orbit® margo inermis.

Alpheus obeso-manus. — Rostrum brevissimum, in carinam paulo postice
productum. Squama antennarum externarum basalis basi non brevior, basi
internarum multo brevior ; dens internarum basalis perbrevis ; articulus 2dus
lmo plus duplo longior. Pedes antici valde inaequi, manu majors laevi, elongata,
obesa, non compressa, versus apicem angustiore, digito mobili perbrevi, mallei-
formi, minore lineari, digitis brevissimis. Pedes 2di portentose elongati, 3tiis
plus duplo longiores, carpi articulo lmo quadruplo breviore quam 2dus, 3tio 4to
5toque brevibus, subaequis. Articulus pedis 3tii 3tius apice inferiore acutus.
Hab. in archipelago “ Viti.” Long. 9'".

Alpheus crinitus. — Rostrum acutum, superficie inter oculos carinata.
Squama antennarum externarum basalis basi harum parce brevior, basi interna¬
rum paulo brevior ; dens internarum basalis perbrevis. Articulus antennarum
internarum 2dus lmo duplo longior. Pedes antici multo inaequi; manu wwjor?
obesa, parce compressa, infra rotundata, omnino laevi, partim leviter pubescente,

22

[January,

digitis perbrevibus, (manu quadruplo brevioribus), digito mobili arcuato ;
minore oblonga, leviter crinita, digitis parte manus ante digitos paulo brevioribus.
Pedes 2di valde elongati, 3tiis sesquilongiores, articulo carpi 2do parce longiore
quam lmus, 3tio 4to 5tove oblongo, uno alterum fere aequante. Pedes 3tii 4tive
leviter criniti, articulo 3tio apicem inferiorem dentigero. Hab. in freto “ Bala-
bac.” Long . 10'".

Alpheus mitis. — Rostrum acutum, superficie inter oculos carinata. Squama
antennarum externarum basalis basi harum internarumve parce longior. Arti-
culus antennarum internarum 2dus lmo paulo longior, densque basalis articulo
lmo fere longior. Pedes antici inaequi ; manu majore laevi, paulo compressa,
marginibus rotundata, digitis regularibus, manu fere triplo brevioribus ; minore
simili, angustiore. Pedes 2di 3tiis multo longiores, articulo carpi 2do lmum
longitudine aequante, 3tio 4tove oblongo, parce breviore quam 5tus, manu per-
brevi. Pedes 3tii 4tique fere nudi, articulo 3tio apicem internum non acuto.
Hab. in freto “Balabac.” Long. 9"'. An femina A. Lottinii ?

b. Orbit* tnargo spinula denteve armatus.

Alpheus acuto-femoratus. — Rostrum acutum postice inter oculos produc-
tum. Squama antennarum externarum basalis basibus antennarum non longior.
Dens basalis antennarum internarum brevis, articulus 2dus lmo parce longior.
Orbitae margo acutus sed spina non productus. Pedes 2di 3tiis sat longiores,
carpi articulo lmo brevi, 2do plus duplo longiore quam lmus. Pedes 3tii, 4ti-
que crassiusculi, articulo 2do 3tioque apicem inferiorem instar spinae elongate
acuto. [Pedibus anticis specimen nobis mutilatum.] Hab. in freto “Balabac.”
Long 9"'.

B. Articulus antennarum externarum lmus spina externa armatus.

a. Orbitae margo inermis.

Alpheus parvi-rostris. — Corpus nudum. Rostrum acutum, breve, super¬
ficie inter oculos carinata. Squama antennarum externarum basalis basi utro-
que paulo longior ; spina basalis mediocris ; dens internarum basalis brevis ; arti¬
culus 2dus lmo vix longior. Pedes antici valde inaequi, manu majore crassissima,
marginibus ambobus indentata, superficie externa partim sulcata, digitis per¬
brevibus, digito mobili extus arcuato ; manu minore regulari, pubescente. Pedes
2di 3tiis paulo longiores, articulo carpi lmo fere duplo longiore quam 2dus,
manu brevi. Pedes 3tii 4tique crassiusculi, articulo 3tio apicem inferiorem
unidentato. Hab. in freto “ Balabac.” Long. 8"'.

b. Orbit® margo spinula denteve armatu* vix breviore quam rostrum.

Alpheus tridentulatus. — Rostrum perbreve, dentiforme. Squama antenna¬
rum externarum basalis basi brevior, basi internarum vix brevior, spina exter¬
narum basalis mediocris, spina internarum longissima, articulo lmo multo
longior ; articulus 2dus lmo non longior. Pedes antici valde inaequi, manu
majore laevi, paulo compressa, marginibus late rotundata, digitis perbrevibus,
manu triplo brevioribus. Pedes 2di 3tiis paulo longiores, articulo carpi lmo
quadruplo longiore quam 2dus, 2do perbrevi, vix longiore quam 3tius. Arti¬
culus pedum 3tiorum 4torumve 3tius apice interno inermis. Hab. in portu “Rio
Janeiro ”? Long. 10'".

Alpheus neptunus. — Frons elongate trispinosus, rostro spinisque orbitalibus
praelongis, aequis. Squama antennarum externarum basalis basi brevior et spina
externa elongata ; spina internarum basalis longa, articulo 2do breviore quam
lmus. Pedes antici multo inaequi, manu majore laevi, paulo compressa, margi¬
nibus rotundata, digitis brevibus, manu triplo brevioribus, digito mobili supra
arcuato; manu minore angusta. Pedes 2di 3tiis longiores, articulo carpi lmo
quadruplo longiore quam 2dus, 2do 3tio 4toque inter se fere aequis, non oblongis.
Articulus pedum sequentium 3tius apice inferiore inermis. Hab. in mari
Suluensi. Long . 8 — 9'".

1852.] 23

II. Rostrum inter oculorum bases ortum, sulco pro fun do in carapace utrinque
juxta rostrum excavato.
a. Orbitae margo inermis.

Alpheus pugnax. — Rostrum acutum, anguste triangulatum, planum, inter
oculorum bases ortum. Spina antennarum externarum basalis parva ; squama
basi paulo longior. Spina antennarum externarum basalis articulo lmo non
brevior, articulus 2dus brevis, 3tius squamam externarum non superans. Pedes
antici inaequi; majore elongata, laevi, marginibus rotundata, supra anguste
emarginata, digitis brevibus (manu triplo brevioribus), brachio apicibus instar
spinae acuto. Pedes 2di longi, articulo carpi lmo dimidio breviore quam 2dus.
Pedes 3tii 4tique graciles, articulo 3tio apicem inferiorem xmi-dentato. Hub. ad
insulam “ Maui ” Hawaiensem. Long. 12"'.

Alpheus diadema.— Rostrum latum, apice triangulatum et acutum, inter
oculorum bases ortum, lateribus concavis. Spina basalis antennarum omnium
brevis ; squama externarum basi utroque longior. Pedes 2di 3tiis parce
longiores, articulo carpi lmo paulo longiore quam2dus vel 5tus, 3tio4tove parce
oblongo. Pedes 3tii 4tive 5tis valde crassiores, articulo 3tio apicem inferiorem
unidentato. Hab. ad insulam “Maui” Hawaiensem. Long. 10'".

b. Orbitae margo spinula denteve armatus.

Alpheus l^evis. — (Randall, Jour Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii.)

Alpheus malleator. — Rostrum perbreve, triangulatum, inter oculorum bases
ortum. Spina orbitalis brevis. Squama antennarum externarum basalis basi
brevior ; spina basalis externarum mediocris, internarum brevissima ; articulus
2dus internarum lmo sesqui longior. Pedes antici inaequi ; manus majoris
superficie superna et interna partim minute tuberculata, margine superiore
sulcato, juxta articulationem digiti 2 — 3-inciso, digitis perbrevibus, mobili mal-
leiformi, obtuso. Pedes 2di 3tiis parce longiores, articulo carpi lmo duplo
longiore quam 2dus. Pedes 3tii crassiusculi, articulo 3tio apicem inferiorem
obtuso. Hab. in portu Rio Janeiro ? Long. 2j".

Genus Betjeus.

BetjEus truncatus. — Frons truncatus, medio non emarginatus. Squama
antennarum externarum basi non longior ; spina externa brevis ; spina interna¬
rum basalis praelonga, articuli basales elongati, subaequi. Pedes antici multo
inaequi, manu majore longa, sublineari, valde compressa, fere laevi, scabricula,
digitis longis, fere dimidii manus longitudine, mobili terete. Pedes 2di Stiis
sat longiores, carpo sat brevi, articulo carpi lmo plus duplo longiore quam 2dus,
2do 3tio 4toque brevibus. Articulus pedum sequentium 3tius omnino inermis.
Hab. Fuegia in mari prope insulam “ Hermite,” pedibus sexaginta altitudine.
Long. 15"'.

Betjeus jEQuimanus. — Frons medio profunde incisus. Squama antennarum
externarum basalis basi paulo brevior ; spina externa perbrevis ; spina interna¬
rum basalis praelonga, articulo 2do multo breviore quam primus. Pedes antici
aequi, manu laevi, compressa, digitis perbrevibus. Pedes 2di 3tiis sat longiores,
articulo carpi lmo plus duplo longiore quam 2dus, 2do 3tio 4toque perbrevibus.
Articulus pedum sequentium 3tius omnino inermis. Hab. in portu “Bay of
Islands,” ad insulas “ Black Rocks,” Novi-Zealandiae.

Bet^us scabro-digitus. — Frons leviter arcuatus, medio obsolete excavatus.
Squama antennarum externarum basalis mediocris, basi parce brevior, basin
internarum fere aequans ; flagellum late compressum ; spina externa brevis ;
spina internarum basalis longa. Pedes antici femince valde inaequi, manu ma¬
jore mediocri, leviuscula, compressa, margine inferiore rotundata, digitis scabri-
culis, dimidio manus paulo brevioribus, vix dentigeris ; maris aequi, crassiores,
digitis brevibus, valde incurvatis, immobili crasse unidentato. Pedes 2di 3tiis
paulo longiores, articulo carpi lmo plus duplo longiore quam 2dus, 2do 3tio 4toque
brevibus. Articulus pedum sequentium 3tius extus prope basin spina armatus.
Hab. juxta urbem “ Valparaiso ” Chilensem. Long, lj"

24

[January,

Genus Hippolyte.

1. Rostrum in dorsum non productum.

Hippolyte acuminatus. — Rostrum elongate acuminatum, subensiforme, apice
parce recurvatum, squama antennali non brevius, medio margine supra infraque
unidentatum. Carapax supra oculum unispinosus. Antennarum flagellum
brevius internarum 5 — 6-articulatum, apicem rostri non superans. Pedes antici
perbreves, manu ovata. Pedes 2di 3tiis breviores, carpo 3-articulato. Maxilli-
pedes externi basin antennarum externarum superantes, pubescentes. Tarsi
pedum 6 posticorum infra spinulosi. Hab. in mari Atlantico cum Sargasso
lat. bor. 36° 07' — 4° 07% long, occid. 20° 43' — 71° 36'. A tenuirostrato
Edw. difFert, dorso in regione gastrico spina non armato, margine rostri inferiore
unidentato tantum.

Hippolyte exilirostratus. — Rostrum longum, omnino angustissimum, versus
apicem non latior, rectum, apice acutum, supra 4-spinosum, infra rectum, inte¬
grum. Antennarum flagellum brevius internarum apicem rostri multum supe¬
rans, multiarculatum. Maxillipedes externi elongati, apicem basis antennarum
externarum multum superantes. Pedes antici perbreves, manu subovata, fere
per ejus latus carpo articulata. Pedes 2di 3tiis breviores, carpo 3-articu¬
lato; 6 sequentes nudiusculi, tarsis infra spinulosis, spinulis apicis longis reliquis
brevissimis. Hab. in portu “ Rio Janeiro. ” Long. 6 — S'".

Hippolyte obliquimanus. — Rostrum longum, tenuiter laminatum, rectum,
versus apicem verticaliter latior, infra non rectum 2-dentatum, supra 4-denta-
tum, apice bifidum. Flagellum antennarum internarum minus apicem rostri
superans, majus paulo longius. Pedes antici perbreves, manu subovata carpo
manu multo breviore, vix oblongo. Pedes 2di 3tiis breviores, carpo 3-articulato.
Tarsi pedum 6 sequentium infra spinulosi, spinulis apicis longis, deinde sensim
brevioribus. Hab . in portu Rio Janeiro. Long. S'".

2. Rostrum in dorsum prodtictum.

Hippolyte brevirostris. — Rostrum breve (basi antennarum internarum
multo brevius) acutum, spiniforme, dorso breviter productum, supra 4-spi¬
nosum, spinis inter se aeque remotis. Maxillipedes externi longi, squamam
antennalem longe superantes. Pedes antici crassiusculi, manu oblonga. Pedes
2di 3tiis longiore, carpo elongato, 7-articulato. Hab. in freto “ de Fuca,” juxta
portum “ Dungeness.” Long H".

Hippolyte lamellicornis. — Rostrum longum verticaliter latissimum, fere ad
thoracis basin productum, apice bifidum, supra sinuosum, super cephalothoracem
4-spinosum, anterius 6-spini-dentatum, spinulis inaequis, totis inter se subaeque
remotis, infra triangulatum, 2-dentatum. Antennae internae rostro parce longiores.
Pedes antici gracillimi, 2dis paulo crassiores. Pedes 2di 3tiis vix breviores,
carpo elongato, 7-articulato, articulo carpi 3tio longo. Tarsi pedum sequentium
fere inermes, spinulis versus basin subtilissimis. Maxillipedes externi apice
spinulosi, articulo ultimo supra pubescente. Hab. in freto “ de Fuca” Oregoniae,
juxta portum “ Dungeness. Long, li — 2".

Subfam. Pandalinje.

Pandalus pubescentulus. — Carapax dense brevissimeque pubescens, mar¬
gine infra oculum bispinoso. Rostrum squama antennali longius, ensiforme,
paulo recurvatum sed apice non altius quam dorsum, supra 16 — 18-dentatum,
dentibus parvulis et fere ad dorsi medium continuatis, versus apicem edentulum,
infra 7-dentatum, apice bifidum. Pedes toti nudiusculi, 3tii 4ti 5ti longitudine
sensim decrescentes, 3tii longi, lmi articulis 2dorum tribus primis longiores.
Hab. in freto “ de Fuca ” Oregoniae, juxta portum “ Dungeness.” Long. 5".

Subfam. Pal^emoniNjE.

Pontonia TaiDACNiE. — Corpus depressum. Carapax nudus, laevis, paulo ob-
longus, rostro triangulato, obtuso. Antennae internae perbreves, flagellis sub-
aequis, articulis duobus precedentibus non oblongis. Squama antennarum exter-

1852.]

25

narum basalis apicem rostri non superans; flagellum rostro paulo longius.
Pedes antici longiores, tenues, digito dimidio breviore quam manus ; 2di crassi-
usculi, breves, subaequi, manu oblonga, digitis manu plus dimidio brevioribus,
brachio ultra carapacem parce saliente. Pedes 6 postici breves, aequi, nudi.
Hab. in concha Tridacnae maris juxta insulam “Tutuila” Samoensen (vel
« Navigator’s.”) Long, fere 8"' ; vel abdomine inflexo, 4"'.

QEdipus superbus. — Corpus paulo depressum. Rostrum horizontaliter latum,
oblongo-triangulatum, rectum, superne medio costatumet 5-serratum, infra prope
apicem 2-serratum, squama basali antennarum externarum plus duplo brevius,
basi internarum paulo brevius. Pedes antici tenues, manu breviter villosa,
proximi aequi, crassissimi, manu magnitudine portentosa, plus dimidio longiore
quam carapax, tumida, versus basin crassiore, digito mobili plus quadruplo
breviore quam manus, angusto, tenuiore quam immobilis et margine externo
angulate sinuoso. Oculi magni. Hab. insula “ Tongatabu.” Long. 10'".

(Edipus gramineus. — Corpus paulo depressum. Rostrum angustum, rectum,
squama basali antennarum externarum fere dimidio brevius, basin internarum
longitudine aequans, supra 4-dentatum, infra prope apicem 1-dentatum. Oculi
magni. Pedes antici elongati, antennis internis non breviores. Pedes 2di aequi,
crassissimi, manu magnitudine portentosa, plus dimidio longiore quam carapax,
inflata, versus basin crassiore, digito plus quadruplo breviore quam manus,
sublunato, extus integro, arcuato. Hab. archipelago “ Viti.” Long. S'".

Harpilius lutescens. — Corpus paulo depressum. Rostrum angustum, parce
recurvatum, squama antennali paulo brevius, basi internarum multo longius,
supra 7 — 8-dentatum, infra prope medium 1-dentatum. Pedes antici manu
sparsim pubescentes ; 2di angusti, manu gracili, fere lineari, digitis linearibus
vix dimidii manus longitudine. Hab. insula “Tongatabu.” Long. 1"'.

Anchistia gracilis. — Rostrum tenue, rectum, acutum, longum, squama
antennali fere brevius, basi antennarum internarum longius, supra 6-dentatum,
dente postico inter oculos, infra unidentatum. Antennarum internarum articuli
2dus 3tiusque perbreves. Pedes 2di longi, carpo perbrevi, apice acuto, brachio
apice externo acuto, manu subcylindrica, digitis manu fere triplo brevioribus.
Hab. in mari Suluensi. Long. 9'".

Anchistia longimana. — Rostrum elongatum, acutum, basi angustum, tenue,
supra 6-dentatum, dente postico oculis posteriore. Antennae internag elongatae,
articulis basalibus 2do 3tioque longissimis, apice 2di extremitatem rostri fere
attingente, 3tio dimidii rostri longitudine. Pedes 2di praelongi, aequi, brachio
apicem rostri multo superante, carpo elongate obconico, apice interno spinigero,
manu longa angusta, digitis dimidio manus multo brevioribus. Long. 6 — S'".

Anchistia ensifrons. — Rostrum ensiforme, valde recurvatum, squama anten¬
nali non longius, apice bifidum, supra 6 — 7-dentatum, infra paulo dilatatum et
3-dentatum. Carapax super orbitam spina armatus, infra orbitam spinis duabus
in eadem linea horizontali. Antennae internae rostrum parce superantes. Pedes
antici graciles, apicem carpi 2di non attingentes ; 2di crassiusculi, subcylindrici,
per carpum manumque rostrum superantes, carpo longo, apice inermi, obtuso,
manu praelonga, lineari, digitis dimidio manus paulo brevioribus. Pedes 6-se-
quentes gracillimi, longi, fere nudi. Hab. in freto “ Balabac.” Long. 8 — 9"'~

Anchistia aurantiaca. — Corpus vix depressum. Rostrum angustum, inte¬
grum, basis antennarum internarum longitudine, squama externarum paulo
brevius. Pedes antici superficie manus interna prope basin dense Iaxeque
pubescentes. Pedes 2di graciles, manu parce crassiore quam carpus, fere
lineari, digitis dimidio manus multo brevioribus, parce pubescentibus, angustis.
Hab. archipelago “ Viti.” Long. 6'".

Pal^monella tenuipes. — Rostrum rectum, non reflexum, squama antennali
non longius, supra 6 — 7-dentatum, dentibus inter se fere aeque remotis, infra
2-dentatum et non dilatatum, apice acutum. Pedes 2di valde elongati, apice
brachii apicem rostri vix superante et infra supraque acuto, carpo dimidii manus
longitudine, 'apice spina armato, digitis dimidio manus brevioribus. Pedes
6 postici gracillimi fere nudi. Hab. in mari Suluensi. Long. S'".

4

26

[January,

Pal^monella orientalis. — Rostrum rectum, non recurvatum, squama anten-
nali non longius, apice acutum, supra 6-dentatum, dentibus inter se fere aeque
distantibus, infra 1-dentatum. Pedes 2di crassiusculi, subcylindrici, apice
brachii apicem rostri non attingente et non acuto, carpo breviore quam dimi-
dium manus, apice non acuto, digitis dimidio manus brevioribus. Pedes 6 pos-
tici fere nudi, graciles. Hab. in mari Suluensi. Long. 8"', (feminae ovigerae.)

Genus Pal^emon.

1. Carapax margine antico infra oculum spinis duabus armatus.

PaLjEmon debjlis. — Rostrum praelongum, gracile, paulo recurvatum, squama
antennali multo longius, apice bifidum, dimidio apicali supra integro, basali

4 — 6-dentato, margine inferiore 6 — 9-dentato. Antennarum internarum flagella
duo longe conjuncta. Pedes nudi, inermes ; lmi 2dique inter se subaequales,
parvuli, gracillimi, manu dimidio carpi paulo longiore, non incrassata. Flagel¬
lum antennarum internarum minus perbreve. Var. a, Rostrum supra 4-denta-
tum, infra 6-dentatum ; var. (£, attenuatus — Rostrum longissimum, supra 6-denta¬
tum et infra 9-dentatum. Hab. insulis Hawaiensibus. Long. 12 — 15'".

PaL/Emon exilimanus. — Rostrum lanceolatum, apice brevi deflexum, supra
paulo arcuatum et 6-serratum, infra 3-serratum, squamam antennalem non
superans. Flagella duo antennarum internarum parce conjuncta. Pedes antici
gracillimi, manu plus duplo breviore quam carpus ; 2di non crassiores, nudi,
manu duplo longiore, carpo dimidio longiore quam manus, digitis dimidio manus
paulo brevioribus. Pedes duo postici tenuissimi, prorsum porrecti apicem rostri
superantes. Hab. archipelago “ Viti.” Long. 11".

PaLjEmon concinnus. — Rostrum gracillimum, squama antennali vix longius,
basi antennarum internarum multo longius, ensiforme, fere rectum, apice bifi¬
dum vel trifidum dorsoque nou altius, infra remote minuteque 5-serratum, supra

5 — 6-serratum, dente lmo vel externo a extremitate rostri remoto, penultimo
inter oculos. Maxillipedes externi apicem basis anternarum externarum paulo
superantes, hirsuti. Pedes lmi apicem squamae antennalis fere attingentes.
Pedes duo postici praelongi, tenuissimi, articulo 4to apicem maxillipedis externi
fere attingente. Hab. archipelago “ Viti.” Long. If'".

2. Carapax margine antico infra oculum spina unci armatus ^ poneque hanc

alterd minor e.

PaLjEMOn grandimanus. — Randall , Jour Acad. Nat. Sci. viii. 142.

Paljemon lanceifrons. — Rostrum late elevatum, lanceolatum, supra arcua¬
tum et 12-serratum, apice vix recurvatum, infra 3-serratum, squamam antenna¬
lem longitudine non superans. Pedes antici gracillimi, carpo plus duplo longiore
quam manus. Pedes 2di longissimi (corpore longiores), fere cylindrici, manu
graciliore et non breviore quam carpus, scabricula, digitis brevibus, superiore
hirsute. Pedes postici si prorsum porrecti apicem rostri superantes. Hab.
insula “ Luzon,” archipelagi Phillipensis, prope portum “ Manila.” Long. 2".

PaljEmon acutirostris. ■*— Rostrum lanceolatum, apice non recurvatum,
squamfi antennali non longius, supra 14 — 1 6-dentatum, dentibus confertis, et
usque ad apicem continuatis, infra 4 — 5-dentatum. Maxillipedes externi medio-
cres. Pedes antici gracillimi, manu dimidii carpi longitudine. Pedes 2di longi,
tenues, omnino bene scabri, manu paree crassiore et duplo longiore quam car¬
pus, digitis dimidio manus brevioribus, apice carpi rostrum paulo superante.
Pedes sequentes inermes. Hab. insulis Hawaiensibus. Long. 21 — 3".

PaLjEmon equidens. — Rostrum recte ensiforme, verticaliter sat latum, apice
parce reflexum, squama antennali non brevius, supra rectiusculum et 10 — 11-
dentatum, dentibus inter se fere aeque remotis, et supra tertiam partem dorsi
carapacis continuatis, duobus terminalibus minoribus et fere apicalibus ; infra
arcuatum et 6-dentatum. Pedes lmi rostrum multo superantes. Pedes 2di
longi, subcylindrici, subtilissim£ spinulosi, brachii apice apicem rostri attin¬
gente, Hab. in mari prope portum “ Singapore.” Long. 41".

Cryfhiofs spinuloso-manus. — Rostrum triangulatum, squama antennali bre-

27

1852.]

vius, basin antennarum internarum superans, supra aeque 7-dentatum, infra prope
apicem unidentatum. Pedes 2di lmos vix superantes, minute spinulosi, manu
plus duplo longiore quam carpus, digitis dimidio manus longioribus, apice minute
cochleari-excavatis. Pedes antici nudiusculi, manu infra hirsuta. Pedes 6
postici quoque nudiusculi, articulo 5to infra parce armato, tarsis unguiculatis.
j flab, in fluminibus Chilensibus mari remotis. Long. 3|''.

Subfam. OplophorinjE.

Regulus lucidus. — Rostrum praelongum recurvatum, longe acuminatum,
versus basin horizontaliter sensim latius deinde lateribus subparallelum, supra
8 — 9-dentatum infra 3-dentatum. Squama antennalis perangusta, rostro paulo
brevior, dentibus tribus externis parvulis. Pedes 2di crassi, manu oblonga,
digitis dimidio manus brevior, parce hiantibus. Pedes 6 postici sparsimlaxeque
pubescentes. Hab. in mari Pacifico, prope insulas “ Ladrone.” Long. 9"'.

Regulus crinitus. — Rostrum longiusculum, non recurvatum, supra 9 — 10-
dentatum, infra prope apicem 2-dentatum, versus basin super oculos subito
valde latior deinde posterius parce angustans. Squama antennalis rostro non
brevior, paulo lata, dentibus tribus externis prominentibus. Pedes 2di crasse
chelati, manu oblonga, digitis brevibus, hiantibus. Pedes 6 postici laxe criniti,
articulo 3tio parium 3tii 4tique infra 3— 4-serrato. Hab. in mari Suluensi.
Long. 10"'.

Legio III. PEN iEINEA.

Fam. Pena:id^e.

Pejueus carinatus.— Rostrum squama antennali parce longius, paulo sinuo-
sum, extremitate styliforme, parce recurvatum, apice vix altius quam dorsum,
supra 7 — 8-dentatum, infra 3-dentatum. Flagella antennarum internarum articulis
duobus precedentibus non longiora. Pedes 5ti 4tis non graciliores. — Hab. in mari
prope portum “ Singapore. — Long. 7". V.setifero affinis, sed rostrum infra 3-
dentatum.

Pen^eus avirostrts. — Rostrum rectum, extremitate anguste styliforme, et eden-
tatum, non recurvatum, basi supra prominenter dilatatum et 6-dentatum, infra
rectissimum, integrum, longitudine squamam antennalem non superans. Cara-
pax dorso postico non carinatus nec sulcatus. Flagella antennarum internarum
articulis duobus precedentibus non longiora. Oculi breves. Pedes 5ti 4tis multo
graciliores. Hab. in mari prope urbem “ Singapore.” Long. 5".

Pknjeus velutinus. — Carapax abdomenque omnino breviter velutini. Rostrum
rectum, bene lanceolatum,e basi ascendens, usque ad apicem supra denticulatum,
dentibus septem aeque dispositis, altero paulo posteriore, infra integrum, ciliatum,
rectum. Dorsum carapacis posticum non carinatum nec sulcatum. Pedes 2di
3tiique subaequi. Maxillipedes externi longi, pubescentes. Segrnentum caudale
utrinque minute armatum. Flagella antennarum internarum brevissima, articu-
lum ultimum parce superantia. Hab. insula “ Maui Hawaiensi. — ”Long. 1}".

Pen^tjs tenuis. — Rostrum supra multidentatum (dentibus novem vel pluribus,)
parce sinnosum. Carapax dorso postice non carinatus nec sulcatus. Oculi sat
longi. Flagella antennarum internarum subaequa, carapace vix breviora. Hab.
in mari Atlantico prope portum “ Rio Negro” Patagoniae. — Long. li".

Penjeus gracilis.— Gracillimus. Rostrum rectum, sat breve, oculis vix
longius, supra 5-dentatus. Antennarum internarum basis tenuis, longissimus,
carapacem longitudine aequans. Manus pedum sex anticorum carpo vix longior,
apice parce pubescens ; digiti dimidii manus longitudine. Segrnentum caudale
margine tri-spinulosum ; lamella externa non articulata. — Hab. in mari Suluensi.
Long. 8—9"'.

Stknopus ensiferus. — Carapax plerumque laevis, 2 — 3 sulcis obliquis interse-
catus, uno validiore e dorsi medio fere ad angulum antero-lateralem producto
et margine spinuloso, superficie carapacis antero-laterali spinulis armata; rostro
ensiformi, paulo longiore quam basis antennarum internarum, fere recto, apicem

28 [January,

vix recurvato, supra 10-dentato, infra 3-dentato. Abdomen inerme.— Hab. archi¬
pelago “Viti.” — Long. 6"',

Family Eucopid^.

Eucopia australis. — -Carapax fronte truncato-rotundatus, margine postico
profunde excavatus. Segmentum abdominis penultimum ultimo longius, ultimum
subulatum, lamellis caudalibus vix iongius. Antennae internae externis paulo
breviores, dimidii corporis longitudine, flagello uno brevi ; externarum squama
basalis basi internarum multo longior. Maxillipedes 2di et 3tii et pedes lmi
forma consimiles, sensim increscentes, articulo penultimo anguste oblongo, digito
plus dimidio breviore quam articulus precedens. Pedes reliqui gracillimi, criniti,
palpo longo, natatorio. — Hab. in mari antarctico, lat. aust. 66° 12' long. occ. 149®
24' ; e stomacho Penguini lecta. — Long. 1" .

The Third Resolution of the Committee appointed to inquire into the
expediency of enlarging the Hall of the Academy, the consideration of
which had been deferred until the present meeting, was then taken up,
and adopted as follows :

Resolved, — That all subscribers of One Hundred dollars and upwards,
who are not members of the Academy, shall have, during their lives, the
right to visit the Collections of the Academy, and to give orders of admis¬
sion to the Museum on public days.

The Report of the Publication Committee for 1851, was read and
adopted.

The Corresponding Secretary read his Report for the last two months,
which was adopted.

The Recording Secretary read the Annual Report for 1851, which
was ordered to be published.

REPORT

OF THE RECORDING SECRETARY

For 1851.

During the past year twelve Members and eight Correspondents have been
elected.

Five members have died, to wit : Dr. Samuel George Morton, late President
of the Academy; Mr. William Hembel, formerly President of the Academy ;
Dr. John K. Townsend, Dr. Mark M. Reqve, and Mr. Richard C. Taylor.

The present number of Members of Ihe Society is 187. The whole num¬
ber of Correspondents elected up to the present time is 551.

Besides minor and verbal communications, the following written communica¬
tions have been presented for publication in the Proceedings and Journal of the
Academy.

By Louis Berlandier, M. D. — Descriptions of two new species of Mexican
Wolves.

By Mr. John Cassin, seven ; to wit: 1- Sketch of the Birds composing the
genera Vireo, Viell., and Yireosylvia, Bonap., with a list of those previously
known, and descriptions of three new species. 2. Descriptions of new species
of Birds of the genera Galbula and Bucco, Briss., specimens of which are in the
collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 3. Notes of an
examination of the Birds composing the family Caprimulgidae, in the collection
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 4. Descriptions of new
species of Birds of the family Laniadae, specimens of which are in the collection
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 5. Note on the Cicada

1852,]

29

Cassinii, Fisher, and on the C. Septendecim, Linn. 6. Catalogue of the Capri-
mulgidae in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
7. Descriptions of Birds of the genera Laniarius, Dicrurus, Graucalus, Pipra and
Picus, specimens of which are in the collection of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia.

By Mr. James D. Dana. — Conspectus Crustaceorum quae in Orbis Terrarum
Circumnavigatione, Carolo Wilkes e Classe Reipublicae Fcederatae duce, lexit et
descripsit J. D. Dana. 2 papers.

By Dr. James C. Fisher. — On a new species of Cicada.

By Mr. Charles Girard. — Historical Sketch of the Gordiaceae.

By Mr. Isaac Lea, two ; to wit : On the genus Acostaea of D’Orbigny, (pub¬
lished in the Journal.) Memoir of the late Richard C. Taylor.

By Dr. J. L. Le conte, five ; to wit: An attempt to Classify the Longicorn
Coleoptera of the part of America North of Mexico, 2 papers, published in the
Journal. 3. Synopsis of the species of Donacia. 4. Synopsis of the Lampyridae
of Temperate North America. 5. Zoological Notes.

By Dr. Joseph Leidy, eight ; to wit : 1. Descriptions of new species of Entozoa.
Contributions to Helminthology, 4 papers. 6. Corrections and additions to
former papers on Helminthology published in the Proceedings of the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 7. On some American fresh-water
Polyzoa. 8. Description of a new species of fossil Crocodile, (published in the
Journal.)

By Col. George A. McCall, U. S. A. — Some account of Birds found in West¬
ern Texas and New Mexico, with descriptions of new species.

By Dr. David Dale Owen. — Description of a new Mineral and New Earth.
(Published in the Journal.)

By Dr. David Dale Owen and Dr. Benjamin F. Shumard. — Descriptions of
seventeen new species of Crinoidea, from the sub-carboniferous limestone of Iowa
and Illinois. (Published in the Journal.)

By Mr. Richard C. Taylor. — Substance of Notes made during a Geological
Reconnoisance in the Auriferous Porphyry region next the Carribean Sea, in the
Province of Yeraguas and Isthmus of Panama. (Published in the Journal.)

By Dr. S. W. Woodhouse. — Description of the North American Jackal, Canis
frustror.

In all thirty-two papers.

Besides the above, Dr. Charles D. Meigs read, by appointment, before the
Academy, at the Hall of the University of Pennsylvania, on November 6th, a
most able, eloquent and truthful memoir of its late President, Dr. Samuel George
Morton, which was subsequently published by direction of the Society.

During the past year the prosperity and activity of the Academy have been
sustained in the most gratifying manner. Its meetings have been fully attended ;
the number of valuable communications large, and the zeal of its members in the
pursuit of its objects unabated. Its appreciation by the public is made con¬
stantly more manifest, in the numerous visitors to its collections, and in the
interest shown by the community in its results.

We have had, however, to regret, during this period, the loss by death of
several of our most active and distinguished members. After what has been
written by so much abler pens, however, it would be presumptuous to attempt
to add, in this place, anything in testimony of their merits and attainments, or in
expression of the esteem in which they were held among us.

All of which is respectfully submitted by

B. Howard Rand,

Recording Secretary.

Philadelphia,, January 21th, 1852.

Dr. Bridges from the Publication Committee, announced the publica¬
tion of Part 2, vol. 2, new series of the Journal.

The following Resolution offered by Dr. Fisher, was adopted.

30

[February,

Resolved , — That the income of the Stott legacy be applied to the pay¬
ment of the expense of publication of papers ordered by the Academy
for the Journal.

The Auditors reported that they had examined the Report of the
Treasurer for 1851, and had found it correct.

The Academy then proceeded to an election for Standing Committees
for 1852. The Tellers announced the following result : —

Ethnology , John S. Phillips, James C. Fisher, Robert Pearsall;
Comparative Anatomy and General Zoology , Joseph Leidy, Edward
Hallowell, John Neill; Mammalogy , James C. Fisher, E. J. Lewis,
S. W. Woodhouse; Ornithology , John Cassin, Edward Harris, T. B.
Wilson; Herpetology and Ichthyology , E. Hallowell, John Cassin,
William Keller; Conchology, Isaac Lea, T. B. Wilson, W. S. W.
Ruschenberger ; Entomology and Crustacea , S. S. Haldeman, Robert
Bridges, Wm. S. Zantzinger; Botany , R. Bridges, Wm. S. Zantzinger,
Gavin Watson; Palceontology , T. A. Conrad, Joseph Leidy, B. Howard
Rand; Geology , J. Price Wetherill, Theodore F. Moss, Aubrey H.
Smith; Mineralogy , Wm. S. Yaux, Samuel Ashmead, Charles M.
Wetherill; Physics, Benj. H. Coates, James C. Fisher, Wm. Parker
Foulke; Library , Thomas B. Wilson, Robert Bridges, Robert E. Pe¬
terson; Proceedings , Wm. S. Zantzinger, Joseph Leidy, W. S. W.
Ruschenberger.

ELECTION.

Samuel Webber, M. D., of Charlestown, N. Hampshire, was elected a
Correspondent , and Caspar W. Sharpless, of Philadelphia, was elected a
Member of the Academy.

February 3 d.

Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

The following communication was read from Henry A. Ford, M. D.,
dated Glasstown, Gaboon River, West Africa, Nov. 10th, 1851, on the
characteristics of the Troglodytes Gorilla, accompanying the very fine
skeleton of that animal presented by him to the Academy, and announced
this evening.

“The skeleton that I have the honor of presenting to your Society, is that of the
newly discovered species of Orang, which was first described by Drs. Savage
and Wyman, (in the Boston Journal of Natural History, 1847) and by them called
Troglodytes Gorilla, and by the natives on this coast, “Ngena.”

The earliest distinct notice of this species of Orang was made, I believe, by
Bowditch in 1817, on his return from his Ashantee Mission in a vessel that
visited this river on its passage to England from Cape Coast Castle. His de¬
scription, though in many respects incorrect, doubtless refers to this species, as
the name and locality sufficiently identify the animal he describes with the
specimen I have obtained.*

I would also remark here, that all subsequent information, as well as all the
specimens in the hands of Europeans, have been obtained in this river.

This animal inhabits the range of mountains that traverse the interior of

* See Mission to Ashantee by T, Edward BowdilchEsq., 4to, London, 1819. Chapter on
Gaboon River.

31

1852.]

Guinea, from the Cameroons on the north to Angola on the south, and about 100
miles inland, and called by Geographers Crystal Mountains. The limit to which
this animal extends either north or south, 1 am unable to define. But that limit
is doubtless some distance north of this river. I was able to certify myself of this
fact in a late excursion to the head waters of the Mooney (Darger) river, which
comes into the sea some 60 miles from this place. I was informed (credibly I
think) that they were numerous among the mountains in which that river rises,
and far north of that. In the south this species extends to the Congo river, as I
am told by native traders who have visited the coast between the Gaboon and
that river. Beyond that I am not informed. This animal is only found at a
distance from the coast in most cases, and according to my best information,
approaches it nowhere so nearly as on the south side of this river, where they
have been found within ten miles of the sea. This, however, is only of late
occurrence- I am informed by some of the oldest Nysorgine men that formerly
he was only found on the sources of the river, but that at present he may be
found within half a day’s walk of its mouth.

Formerly, he inhabited the mountainous ridge where Bushmen alone inhabited,
but now he boldly approaches the Nysorgine plantations. This is doubtless the
reason of the scarcity of information in years past, as the opportunities for re¬
ceiving a knowledge of this animal have not been wanting : — traders having for
100 years frequented this river, and specimens, such as have been brought here
within a year, could not have been exhibited without having attracted the at¬
tention of the most stupid.

I shall not attempt in this sketch to give the osteology of the Ngena — as the
skeleton itself will demonstrate that. I will, however, make some remarks upon
his appearance and habits, color and hair.

At adult age the Ngena is of a dark or iron gray color — the hair being black
at its extremities, but white next the skin, which produces the grizzly appearance
I have described. In a young one that I have seen, it was black down to the skin,
like that of the Troglodytes Niger. I am informed by one of the headmen of this
tribe, that they sometimes are found white. He had seen one of this description
to the N. E. of this at the foot of the mountains. This may have been the effect
of old age, as the animal is reported to have been full sized. It is a general
opinion that it becomes lighter by age.

The hair differs from that of the Troglodytes Niger, in its greater thickness
and length. On the neck, back and limbs, it is not less than six inches. It also
presents a more shaggy appearance from its slight curl at the extremities. The
length of hair, together with the thickness of skin and the great developement of
muscle hereafter to be described, give the Ngena a hugeness that can hardly be
conceived from a simple examination of the skeleton.

Bowditch’s assertion that he was apparently four feet in diameter through the
shoulders is as correct as most other statements in his book. The specimen
sent w7as three and a half feet from the extremity of the hair on one shoulder
to that on the other, and yet this is by no means the largest specimen that has been
obtained.

Skin, — The skin is very thick on the exposed parts of the body. On the arms,
shoulders, back and limbs, the thickness is one fourth of an inch; on the head over
the crest three fourths of an inch thick ; the great thickness prevented my pre¬
serving it.

Head — The most prominent feature in the fresh subject, as w’ell as in the
skeleton, is the crest or ridge in the course of the parieto-parietal suture , increasing
in height from before backwards to a point directly over the intersection of this
suture with the occipito-parietal — which is the highest point. This crest is not
chiefly formed by the bony ridge on the skull, but by the thickness of the scalp
before mentioned, and by the length and stiffness of the hair, which is always
erect.

This crest the animal when enraged is said to drawr forward, giving him an
appearance more fierce than ordinary, which is frightful enough. This crest gives
the face and head a more anthropoid appearance than the dried skull presents.
This projection gives it the appearance of a forehead. The face, unlike that of the

32

[February,

Chimpanzee, is covered with short hair, except about the mouth and nose. The
eyes are moderately large, not prominent, of a dark chestnut color.' The nose
is broad, projecting a very little above the surface of the face. The alae are of
thin and loose skin, capable of considerable distension. The mouth is very wide
— the upper lip thick and hairless. The lower lip is a huge muscular flop, very
distensible, which the animal drops over his chin when he is enraged, making his
appearance exceedingly terrific.

The ears are disproportionally small; they are hairless and stand out from the
head. The muscles of the head are large, filling up a large part of the depressions
between the ridges of the scull. The auricular group not large, but the tempo¬
ral, pterygoid and masseter muscles are of great strength, as might be supposed
from the size of the inferior maxillary bone. The neck is of moderate length,
but of great size, chiefly owing to the great length of the spinous processes of the
several vertebrae, but increased by the thickness of skin and length of hair. The
circumference of neck of this specimen was one foot and ten inches.

The chest is narrow anteriorly and superiorly, but the contents of the entire
cavity large, the lower end of the sternum projecting, and the sternal cartilages, ex¬
cept the first three, long. The circumference of the chest, after the evacuation of the
thorax and abdominal viscera, was four feet four inches. These viscera were
evacuated by the natives before I received the body. All the muscles of the
chest are largely developed, as are also all the muscles of the trunk.

The arms, it will be seen from the skeleton, are longer in proportion to the trunk,
than are those of the small Chimpanzee, and are covered with a great weight of
muscle.

At the insertion of the deltoid the circumference in this specimen was one
foot and four inches. The fore arm also is well supplied and covered with hair.
The circumference of the wrist was one foot.

The palm of the hand was large, while the fingers and thumb appeared small
in proportion to the strength of the arm and fore arm. The palm and surface of
the hand and fingers is covered with a thick black skin very little adherent to th6
true skin beneath, and in appearance resembling a leathern glove. It was re¬
moved entire, after maceration. The dorsal surface is covered with hair. The
abdomen is large, and covered with lighter colored hair than the back.

The genital organs, in both male and female, are small, but in other respects
similar to the smaller species.

This animal is tailless and has no calosities. The lower limbs are very short
and slightly curved, but the most remarkable peculiarity is the size of the muscles
which cover the femur, i. e. those having their origin on the anterior and inferior
surface of the pelvis, and their insertion on the femur, together with the extensors
and flexors of the legs. Their weight in this case was 18 lbs. The muscles of
the leg and foot are not as fully developed as those of the thigh. In the shape of
the foot he resembles other Orangs. The weight of this specimen was 170 lbs.
without the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic viscera.

Food. He feeds on the various roots and fruits found in the forest. He is,
however, to some extent carnivorous, according to my most reliable information.

When man is his prey, he devours him as he does animals that he can catch,
though his sluggishness prevents his taking many animals as prey.

The Ngena generally walks on all fours, with his feet placed flat on the ground,
like a man, the thighs being flexed upon the leg, at an acute angle.

The open hands are placed on the ground posteriorly and externally to the
feet, the arms being nearly parallel to the axis of the body, and thus supporting
the body posteriorly to the feet, and not anteriorly, as some have supposed. They
act the part of hind rather than fore feet.

The gait is an oscillating motion, caused by carrying forward the extremities
of one side at a time, while the body is balanced to the opposite side; then alter¬
nately moving the other limbs with a return motion of the body. This is the
movement I have seen in the young animal. Besides this gait, 1 am led to be¬
lieve that in the forest he has a semi-erect posture, supporting h-mself by bushes
and trees as they come in his way.

He sometimes walks erect, and always rises on his feet when making an
attack, though he approaches his antagonist in the stooping posture.

1852.]

83

The Ngena is represented as the most terrible monster of his native forests.
His appearance is hideous even when dead. Among the natives he is the subject
of many allegories, in which he acts some distinguished part, perhaps that of a
king or a conqueror — perhaps a defender or a destroyer. In the forests he seems
to be the implacable enemy of man.

Though he never lies in wait, ypt when he hears, sees or scents a man, he im¬
mediately utters his characteristic cry, prepares for an attack, and always acts on
the offensive. The cry that he utters resembles a grunt more than a growl, and
is similar to the cry of the Chimpanzee when irritated, but vastly louder. It is
said to be audible at a great distance. His preparation consists in attending the
females and young ones, by which he is usually accompanied, to a little distance.
He, however, soon returns with his crest erect and projecting forward, his nos¬
trils dilated and his under lip thrown down, at the same time uttering hi3
characteristic yell, designing, it would seem, to terrify his antagonist; instantly,
unless he is disabled by a well directed shot, he makes an onset, and striking his
antagonist with the palm of his hands, or seizing him with a grasp from which
there is no escape, he dashes him upon the ground and lacerates him with
his tusks.

He is said to seize a musket and instantly crush the barrel between his teeth.

Some hunters are said to have permitted him to take hold of the musket and
carry it to his mouth, firing as it passes between his teeth. This will, however,
appear to lack probability, though it is stoutly maintained by the natives.

He is said to be always at war with the leopard, which he destroys if he suc¬
ceeds in seizing him. The leopard, however, by his superior agility, often wears
him out. He is said to spring upon the back of the Ngena and lacerate his neck
with his teeth, escaping before he can be seized. This animal’s savage nature
is very well shown by the implacable disposition of a young one that was brought
here. It was taken very young and kept four months, and many means were
used to tame it, but it was incorrigible, so that it bit me an hour before it died.

The various stories of his building houses in imitation of the natives — his
covering himself with bushes, which he hurls upon his antagonist in his attacks ;
vanquishing the elephant with clubs, or even using clubs at any time, and nu¬
merous other accounts given to credulous whites, are considered ridiculous by
the best informed natives. Yet every Atpongue man has a fund of such stories
which he vends to children and every one else who will listen to them with
credulity.

From my most careful inquiries I can find no one who believes that these
creatures are of the same original stock as black men, as some have reported.
By most it is considered an insult to suppose it.

H»s flesh is considered delicate eating by the tribes where he is taken, though
the Jfpongues consider it quite c vulgar fare.’ The slaves here, however, carried
away the flesh as soon as it was taken from the bones of my specimen.”

Dr. Ruschenberger read a portion of bis u Notice of tbe Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,” tbe remainder of which was deferred
to the next meeting.

February 10 th.

Vice-President Wetherill in the Chair.

Dr. Ruschenberger concluded the reading of his u Notice of the
Academy.”

Whereupon the following Resolutions, offered by William S. Vaux,
Esq., were unanimously adopted:

Resolved , That the Members of the Academy have listened with the
deepest interest and satisfaction to the “ Notice ” just read.

34

[February,

Resolved , That the thanks of the Academy be presented to Dr.
Ruschenberger for the labor he has bestowed in the preparation of the
able and faithful Notice read by him before the Society, and that he be
requested to furnish a copy of the same to the Committee on Proceed¬
ings for publication.

Resolvedj That a Committee of three members be appointed to com¬
municate the foregoing Resolutions to Dr. Ruschenberger.

Committee, Mr. Vaux, Dr. Bridges and Mr. Pearsall.

The Rev. Mr. Langstroth read a paper entitled, “ On the impreg¬
nation of the eggs of the Queen Bee;” which being intended for publi¬
cation in the Proceedings, was referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Le Conte and
Dr. Fisher.

Dr. Le Conte presented for publication in the Proceedings, the fol¬
lowing papers : u Hints towards a Natural Classification of the family
Histrini of Coleopterous Insects “ Synopsis of the Parnidae of the
United States “ Synopsis of the Eucnemidse of Temperate North
America all of which were referred to the following Committee : Dr.
Bridges, Dr. Leidy and Dr. Elwyn.

A letter was read from the Librarian of the British Museum, dated
Jan. 19th, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of No. 10, Vol. 5, of the
Proceedings.

Also a letter from the Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm,
dated April 20th, 1851, acknowledging the receipt of No. 12, Vol. 4,
and No. 1, Vol. 5, of the Proceedings.

And a second letter from the same, of same date, accompanying copies
of the Transactions and Bulletin of that Institution for 1849 and ’50.

Dr. Leidy presented, for the inspection of the members, an interesting speci¬
men of a fossil turtle, from the collection of Dr. D. D. Owen, made in Nebraska
territory, and sent to him, for examination, by the Smithsonian Institute. It
proves the existence of a species distinct from any of those before described from
the same region, for which the name Emys Culbertsonii is proposed. Its mea¬
surements are as follows :

Length of the five vertebral scutes,
Transverse breadth of carapace in curve.
Height, .

Length of middle vertical scute,

Breadth “

17 inches.
22 “

61 «

3 “

4 “

Mr. Phillips announced that the collection of Minerals of the late
Mr. Gilmore, of Baltimore, was for sale.

February 17 th.

Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read from the Secretary of the Trustees of the New
York State Library, acknowledging the receipt of No. 12, Vol. 5, of the
Proceedings, and of a copy of Dr. Meigs' Memoir of Dr. Morton.

From the Geological Society of London, dated June 24th and Nov.
Gth, 1851, returning thanks for copies of late Nos. of the Proceedings.
Mr. Vaux, on behalf of the Committee on the subject, read a commu-

35

1852.]

nication from Dr. Ruschenberger, dated Philadelphia, Feb. 13, 1852,
in reply to the letter from the committee, enclosing a copy of the Reso¬
lutions adopted at the last meeting in relation to his “ Notice of the
Academy.”

Dr. Leidy directed the attention of the members to several fossils lying on the
table, which belong to the cabinet of the Academy.

One of them is a lumbar vertebra, without the epiphyses, and with the trans¬
verse processes and neural arch broken off, obtained from the Miocene of Vir¬
ginia, and presented by Mr. T. Conrad. It belongs to a species of Delphinus,
most probably extinct, for which the name D. Conradi is proposed, in honor
of one who has done so much in American Palaeontology. The epiphysial extre¬
mities of the vertebral body are pentahedral.

Length of vertebral body, . . . .21 inches.

Breadth of epiphysial extremities, . . .11“

Breadth of base of transverse processes, . . 1 i “

The other specimens consist of an entire dermal scale and the half of a second,
from the Green Sand formation of Mount Holly, New Jersey. These belong to
some Crocodilian reptile of large size. They are deeply sculptured, but possess
no carina, as in the existing Crocodiles. Possibly they may belong to the Sau¬
rian, characterized from some vertebrae under the name of Cimoliasaurus magnus*
Leidy, but at present I prefer referring them to a new genus and species under
the name of Thoracosaurusj grandis.

Long diameter of the entire scale, . . .31 inches.

Short “ . . • • • • 3 “

Greatest thickness, . . . . .7 lines.

Mr. Langstroth made a few observations on the specimens of royal
cells of the Bee, presented by him this evening.

Dr. Le Conte offered the following observations :

On the Difference between Primordial Races and Introduced Races.

A want of power to discriminate between permanent varieties developed in
species and primordial forms, has been a prolific source of confusion in all dis¬
cussions regarding the plural origin of species. I propose to examine here into
some differences which, so far as lam able to learn, will form a certain basis for
this distinction, so much to be desired; and which, should they be found, on far¬
ther examination, to have the universal character which I am inclined to give
them, may have the effect of saving the world much of the muddy philosophy,
which seems to be the favorite style of ethnological writers.

The principle which I am about to lay down, is founded on the unchangeability
of certain characters, throughout an entire genus; these characters are connected
with the structure of the external parts, and may seem at first to be of but slight
importance, yet generally, on close examination, they will be found more or less
intimately connected with the functions which the animal is destined to perform
in the system of nature.

Now, it is a singular fact, that all the varieties of domestic animals and plants,
which can be clearly shown to have originated in unmixed breeds, differ from their
parent stocks by characters which, except in the case of these, so to speak, artifi¬
cial varieties , are unchangeable in the genus. Thus, these artificial varieties
would seem to differ from their parent stocks, not by characters which are of
specific value, but by those which are of incomparably greater importance, and
which, if not accompanied by identical organization in all other organs, would
widely separate the beings which possess them from their parents. In many

* Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. vol. v, p. 325.

t a coat of mail.

36

[February,

instances the characters possessed by the artificial varieties, are absolutely
impossible in the plan on which the genus, or even the order, is created.

Instances of such permanent varieties may be readily recalled by every one ;
some of the most familiar are : the hornless variety of domestic cattle; the' tail¬
less variety of domestic cat, found in the Isle of Man ; the long-haired cat, known
as the Angora, or Persian cat ; the various forms of fowls with additional toes,
and without tails ; the varieties of pigeons and fowls with uncouth and distorted
arrangement of plumage.

The origin of some of these is lost in the depths of the past, while others are
continually being introduced.

In all the examples cited above, it will be found that the monstrosity depends
on the loss of a character belonging to every species of the genus or tribe to
which the parent stock belongs, or on the assumption of a character not found in
any species or genus of that group.

In the case of the hornless cattle, the part wanting, if not entirely coextensive
with the order of ruminants, is at least essential to the genus Bos.

In the anomalously feathered varieties of fowls and pigeons, the animal assumes
structures either unknown in the groups to which it belongs, or else (as in the
case of the e ruffler’) entirely impossible in any species of bird whatever.

The novelty in this principle is, that in the disputed cases of plural origin, the
slightness of the unchangeable differences, found in different races, becomes a
very strong, and, indeed, an invincible argument against the supposition that they
have been derived from each other by the operation of external or internal causes.

The advocates of the single origin of man or of dogs, are therefore in the
unpleasant predicament of having proved too much, since the difference between
the latter, on comparison with undeniable distinct wild species of wolf and fox,
are in those characters which alone can manifest specific distinction.

In the case of man the differences are in such particulars as alone could be
changed without degrading him from his place at the head of the organic world.

It is almost needless for me to add that this principle extends to the vegetable
kingdom, as every one will at once see in greenhouse and domestic plants, that
the cultivated varieties are distinguished from each other by important structural
differences, not recognized in the genera to which they belong.

In all species or races there are individual differences of less importance than
specific characters, which by care may be isolated, and form what are apparently
races. Thus snub noses almost invariably reproduce snubs ; aquiline noses, in
the same way, continue in families for numbers of generations. Yet, not to speak
of the unimportance of such marks, these cases may be distinguished by the fre¬
quency with which exceptions occur. The numerous varieties of cultivated
fruits come under this head.

February 24$.

Vico President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee to which was referred the following papers by Dr. Le
Conte, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings :

Hints towards a Natural Classification of the Family Histrini of Coleopterous

Insects.

By John L. Le Conte, M.D.

It is rarely that any subject treated by the illustrious Erichson is found capable
of improvement. It is therefore with reluctance and hesitation that after a mi¬
nute study of the North American species of Hister, I find myself under the

1852.]

iTrirro*

37

necessity of proposing important modifications of the arrangement adopted by
him.*

The great increase in the number of our species, since the publication of the
monograph of Histers by my father, f has made me acquainted with many varia¬
tions of structure, too unimportant to serve as foundations for separate genera,
yet absolutely incapable of entering any of the genera established by Erichson.
Some of these anomalous species have been described by me in the Annals of the
Lyceum of Natural History, vol. 5.

By a careful comparison of such forms with the species to which, by obvious
characters, they are most nearly allied, I have been led to believe that the genera
in this group have been unnecessarily increased, by the use of principles of
division which are by no means of generic value, and which scarcely serve to
define small groups of species.

I allude more especially to the structure of the tibiae, which holds so important
a place in the system of Erichson. The difficulty of deciding upon such an indis¬
tinct character as the form of the tarsal groove of the anterior tibiae, and the
decidedly variant structure of the posterior tibiae in several of the genera, has
led me to reject entirely the characters drawn from those parts of the body. The
special variations referred to will be exposed more fully under the genera Hister
and Saprinus below.

Following Erichson, I have divided the genera into three groups according to
the position of the head and the form of the prosternum. The genera may after¬
wards be separated according to the following table :

\. Caput porrectum : prosternum antice non lobatum.

Mandibulae dentatae . Holobepta Payk.

Mandibulae dentatae, prosternum latum planum . . iPhvlloma Er.

Mandibulae dentatae, prosternum elevatum, subacu¬
minatum . i Oxysternus Er.

B. Caput retractum ; prosternum antice valde lobatum.

a. Scrobiculi antennales antici.

1. Tarsi antici unguiculo unico ..... 1 Cyptitrus Er.

2. Tarsi omnes biunguiculati.

Mandibulae porrectae, antennae sub frontis margine insertae,

capitulo 3-articulato .* 1 2 3 Hister Linn.

Mandibulae porrectae, antennae sub frontis margine insertae,

capitulo solido, truncato . sHet^erius Er.

Mandibulae retractae, antennae in frontis margine insertae,

capitulo 3-articulato, rotundato, .... Epierus Er.
Mandibulae retractae, antennae in frontis margine insertae,

capitulo 3-articulato, truncato .... Tribalus Er.

b. Scrobiculi antennales medii, laterales.

Antennae articulo 8vo latiore ..... Dendrophilus Leach.
Antennae articulo 8vo non latiore . Paromalus Er.

C. Caput retractum, prosternum antice non lobatum.
a. Antennae sub frontis margine insertae.

Mandibulae exsertae; scrobiculi antennales antici . C^rosternus n. g.

Mandibulae exsertae ; scrobiculi antennales ad prosterni

latera sit j. ........ 4 Saprinus Leach.

Mandibulae clypeo obtectae . . . ^rypon.eus Er.

* Klug’s Jahrbiicher fur Insecfenkunde.

■f Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. V. p. 32.

1 No North American species.

2 Including Omalodes Er.; Platysoma Leach, Er: (?) Plaesius Er. and (?) Placodes Er.
I have not examined the last two genera, but the description furnishes no good charac¬
ters for separating them.

3 Hister brunnipennis Rand., and a new species. 4 Including Pachylopus Er.

38

[February,

b. Antennae in frontem insertae.

Scrobiculi antennales medii, laterales, prosterno subpro-

ducto .

Scrobiculi antennales ad prosterni latera siti .

Scrobiculi antennales antici .

Scrobiculi antennales medii, laterales, prosterno truncato

Teretrius Er.
Plegaderus Er.
Onthophilus Leach.
Abr^eus Leach.

Hister Linne.

I have included in this genus Omalodes and Platysoma; as they are founded
on slight differences in the form of the tibiae. Plaesius and Placodes will also
probably enter here ; at least I cannot find -anything to separate them, except
differences in the spines of the posterior tibiae.

The posterior tibiae of this genus, are generally broad, and externally armed
with two series of spines : sometimes a range of bristles on the posterior face of
the tibiae is enlarged so as to simulate a third row of spines ; sometimes (Hister
arcuatus Say) the whole outer surface of the tibiae is rough with confused spines ;
in H. costatus (n. sp.) the posterior tibiae are narrow, and the spines are very
fine : these tibiae are usually not toothed on the outer margin, yet in H. sexstri-
atus Lee. they are distinctly four-toothed : they are also toothed in the species
referred to Omalodes and Platysoma, the number of teeth in the latter being
variable, and the teeth themselves frequently indistinct: they are entirely smooth
in some small species allied to H. subrotundus, and belonging to Erichson’s 3d
division ; the posterior feet are smooth, and the intermediate ones armed with a
single tooth near the apex in H. corticalis Lee. ; finally, the posterior tibiae are
broad, very much compressed and finely serrate in Omalodes Harrisii Lee.

The anterior tibiae are broad, compressed and more or less distinctly toothed
on the outer margin, usually with a single row of very short articulated spines ;
on the anterior face is a groove for the reception of the tarsus ; the inner margin
of this groove is sharply defined; the outer margin indistinct, in most species ;
more distinct in the species referred to Omalodes ; some of the species of Platy¬
soma have the outer margin distinct, while in others (H. Carolinus Payk.) it is
quite indistinct. The species, with the exception of the large tropical species,
which would probably form a separate division, can be arranged according to
the following table ; the internal marginal stria of the thorax, when it exists, is
entire, and extends around the whole apex of the thorax ; the outer stria always
ends at the anterior angle.

A. Thorax stria marginali interiore integerrima, antice ambiente.

* Thorax stria marginali margini valde approximata.

Thorax stria marginali unica ; (tibiae posteriores dentatae.) Omalodes Er. 1.
Thorax striis marginalibus duabus ; (tibiae post valde compressae serrulatae.) 2.

** Thorax stria marginali interiore a margine remota.

a. Thorax margine ciliato ; (scrobiculi antennales non profundi.)

Tibiae posteriores dilatatae . 3.

Tibiae posteriores tenues. . 4.

b. Thorax margine glabro ; (scrobiculi antennales profundi.)

a. Tibiae posteriores subdentatae . .5.

b. Tibiae posteriores biseriatim spinuloste.

f Mesosternum emarginatum.

a. Epipleurae excavatae unistriatae : (tibiae anticae multidentatae) . 6.

£. Epipleurae non excavatae, pluristriatae.

Tibiae anticae parce dentatae, epipleurae bistriatae . . . .7.

Tibira anticae parce dentatae, epipleurae tristriatae . . . .8.

Tibiae anticae serrulatae vel muticae, epipleurae bistriatae . . .9.

ff Mesosternum truncatum.

Epipleurae bistriatae . 10.

Epipleurae angustissimae, unistriatae , . . . i . .11.

1852.]

39

B. Thorax stria marginali interiore nulla.

f Mesosternum truncatum ; prosternum bistriatum.

Prosternum striis parallelis: (thorax stria exteriore nulla, corpus depressum) 12.
Prosternum striis convergentibus : (thorax stria exteriore distinctavel nulla,

corpus convexum) . 13.

ft Mesosternum emarginatum : prosternum estriatum. (Platysoma Leach.)

Prosternum postice planum, (corpus depressum) . 14.

Prosternum postice compressum et marginatum, (corpus cylindricum) . 15.

The species found in the United States may be distributed as follows :

1, corresponds to Omalodes Er. : the only United States is H. borealis ( Omalo -
des borealis Lee.)

2, contains only H. p i a n i p e s ( Omalodes Harrisii Lee.) The name Harrisii
being preoccupied for a species of group 6, must of course be changed.

3, contains H. arcuatus Say; binotatus Lee; laevipes Er. and a new species
allied to arcuatus.

*5, is composed of a Californian species, H. 6-striatus Lee. (An. Lyc. 5.)

6, contains H. interruptus Beauv. (obtusatus Harris) ; merdarius Pavk ; im-
munis Er ; Harrisii Kirby ; diversus Er. (stygicus Lee.) ; feedatus Lee. ; cogna-
tus Lee.; marginicollis Lee., and one new species.

7, contains H. dispar Lee.; indistinctus Say; depurator Say; and one new
species.

8, H. spretus Lee. ; curtatus Lee. ; and two new species.

9, H. civilis Lee. ; ccenosus Er. ( decisus Lee.) ; punctifer Payk ; abbreviatus
Fabr. ; bifidus Say. and perhaps H. repletus Lee. which I have not examined; it
is doubtful whether H. punctifer is really a native of our territory; the only one
found may have been introduced.

10, H. sedecimstriatus Say ; americanus Payk. ; exaratus Lee. ; and two new
species.

11, contains only H. bimaculatus Linn. ( obliquus Say).

12, H. venustus Lee. and corticalis Lee. Small flat species having the ap¬
pearance of Platysoma; the posterior tibiae are almost glabrous ; H. venustus
has the lobe of the prosternum shorter than any other species I have seen.

13, H. subrotundus Er.and H. vernus Say; small convex species, one of which
has an entire marginal stria on the thorax, the other none. A new species from
Mexico has an abbreviated stria at the margin of the thorax.

14, contains the small flat species forming the genus Platysoma Leach as
amended by Erichson, the posterior tibiae are more or less distinctly toothed.
Our species are : H. carolinus Payk. ; depressus Payk.; parallelus Say ; coarcta-
tus ( Platy . coarctatum Lee.) ; and a new species.

15, Cylindrical species allied to the preceding; H. cylindricus Payk. ; attenua¬
te (Platy. attenuatum Lee.) ; gracilis (Platys. gracile Lee., P. cylindricum\
Er., Hister frontalis\\ Say.)

CiEROSTERNUS.

Caput deflexum, mandibulis retractis sed non obtectis, acutis.

Antennae sub frontis margine insertae, funiculo filiformi, capitulo triarticulato,

ovali, compresso, apice subtruncato.

Prosternum latum quadratum, utrinque truncatum ; scrobiculi antennales angusti

profundi ad angulum thoracis inferne siti. Tibiae anticae compressae, subdila-

tatae, posteriores tenues glabrae ; tarsi posteriores non recepti.

The body is globose, very convex ; the abdomen perpendicularly deflexed at
the tip : the funiculus of the antennae is filiform, the first joint longer and a little
thicker than the others ; the prosternum is very broad, truncate posteriorly, very
slightly rounded anteriorly; the cavities for the antennae are very deep, situated

* Group 4 is founded upon a curious nondescript Mexican species, H. cost at us, in
which the striae of the elytra are replaced by elevated ridges.

40

[February,

at the anterior angles, between the upper and under surface of the prothorax, and
open laterally. Only two species are known to me, 1. C. americanus
( Tribalus americanus Lee.) and 2. C. laevissimus, with the upper surface
very smooth and shining, the epipleuraj less suddenly indexed than in C. ameri¬
canus, with only two very fine lateral striae; the dorsal striae of the elytra ob¬
solete: length *10. It is found in Cuba under the bark of trees, and was sent by
Don Felipe Poey. The body is narrower and more elevated than the preceding.

Saprintjs Leach.

The posterior tibiae of this genus are usually but little dilated; the external
margin is furnished with three series of spines; some of the species of group
9, have four confused series (S. palmatus), others have the spines very dense
and occupying a large surface (S. sulcifrons). On account of these variations I
am inclined to unite Pachylopus (Er.) with this genus, although the singular
sexual character mentioned by Erichson is not found in any Saprinus. At all
events, if Erichson’s species should remain as a distinct genus, it must be upon
very distinct characters from those indicated by him.

The species known to me may be arranged as follows :

A. Caput antice non marginatum ; prosternum compressum, elevatum, pla¬
num ; epipleurae tristriatae.

Prosternum striis utrinque divergentibus. . . . . . .1.

Prosternum striis antice conjunctis, postice parallelis . 2'.

B. Caput antice non marginatum; epipleurae bistriatae.

Prosternum transverse convexum, striis nullis . . . . . .3.

Prosternum transverse convexum, antice utrinque foveatum, striis parallelis,

antice abbreviatis . 4.

Prosternum transverse convexum, non foveatum, striis antice divergentibus 5.
Prosternum transverse convexum, antice utrinque foveatum, striis remotis

divergentibus C.

Prosternum compresso-carinatum, striis remotis divergentibus . . .7.

C. Caput antice marginatum, prosternum striis valde approximatis, postice
divergentibus, antice non divergentibus.

Prosternum compressum, striis integris, antice convergentibus . . .8.

Prosternum compresso-carinatum, striis conniventibus, saepius indistinctis 9.

The United States species may be distributed as follows :

1, Contains two Californian species : S. alienus Lee. ; discoidalis Lee. ; the
latter approximates somewhat to division C ; and in some specimens there is a
very faint trace of the double line found on the front of the species belonging
to that division.

2, S. deletus Lee. ; interceptus Lee.

3, S. interstialis Lee. ; a singular oblong species, with the striae of the elytra
nearly parallel.

4, S. obscurus Lee. ; pectoralis Lee. ; paeminosus Lee. ; all from California.

5, S. lugens Er. (californicus Man.) ; Oregonensis Lee. ; imperfectus Lee. ;
impressus Lee. ; infaustus (piceus || Lee.) ; pensylvanicus Er. ; and three new
species.

6, S. conformis Lee.; assimilis Er. ; minutus Lee.; placidus Er. ; insertus
Lee. ; obductus Lec. ; ciliatus Lee. ; vinctus Lee. ; laridus Lee. ; scissus Lee. ;
and one new species.

7, S. vestitus Lee.; fimbriatus Lee.; plenus Lee.; vitiosus Lee.; lubricus
Lee.; ccerulescens Lee.; all from California; and three new species, two of
which are from Missouri Territory, and the other from Georgia.

8, S. sphaeroides Lec. ( bigener Lec.) ; fraternus Lec. ; mancus Lec. ( Hister
mancus Say) ; estriatus Lec. ; bigemmeus Lec. ; and one new species.

9, Contains species found near the sea shore ; they may be arranged in two
groups, according to the structure of the posterior tibiae.

Those with the spines' in three series are: S. patruelis Lee.; lucidulus Lec.

Those with the spines more numerous and confused are : S. dimidiatipennis Lec.
(var. Hister palmatus Say) ; sulcifrons Man. ; serrulatus Lec. ; and gaudens Lec. ;

1852.]

41

these species were referred by me to the genus Pachylopus (vide Ann. Lyc.
Nat. Hist. 5.) The epipleurae of these last are marked with three striae.
The spines on the tibiae of S. dimidiatipennis are less numeroas than in the
others, and form four tolerably distinct series.

Synopsis of the Parnid.k of the United States.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

As I have concluded, for reasons detailed below, to introduce the anomalous
genus Eurypalpus into this family, I have found it necessary to substitute an en¬
tirely new diagnosis for the one given by Erichson. The one proposed by me,
in order to include the new genus, is as follows :

Antennce frontales, non capitatce ; oculi rotundati, mandihulce retractce ; coxae
anticce vel subcylindricce , vel globo see. acetabulis e prosterno et metathoracis epi-
sternis compositis receptee ; pedes ambulatorii , tarsi 5-articnlati , cylindrici ,
unguiculari maximo , unguibus validis armato ; trochanteres simplices ; abdomen
5 — 1-articulatum , articulis anterioribus immobilibus.

The character which especially distinguishes this family is the structure of the
tarsi, which enables the species to grasp firmly objects resting in strong currents
of water. This family may be divided into three groups.

Div. 1, Eurypalpini .

Caput exsertum, ore inferno, labro distincto, inter antennas transverse eleva-
tum ; coxae ant icae transversae, trochantino valde conspicuo; parapleurae appen-
diculatae; abdomen 7-articulatum.

EuRYrALPusJ Dej.

Antennae serratae 11-articulatae ; palpi maxillares valde elongati, articulo ulti¬
mo latiore, securiformi, apice subacuto ; labiales brevissimi, articulo ultimo
minuto subulato.

This very remarkable genus is mentioned by name in Dejean’s Catalogue, and
is placed by that author towards the beginning of his group Malacodermata, near
Cyphon, with which, however, it seems to have but little affinity. Erichson,
probably never having seen the insect, referred it upon Dejean’s authority, to
Cyphones, with a doubt. (Vide Agassiz Norn. Zool.) A close comparison with
other groups has convinced me, that although its affinities in any direction are
difficult to discover, it must still be considered as forming a part of the present
family.

The body is depressed, narrowed in front, obtusely rounded behind. The
mandibles are small, acute and entirety concealed by the broad and emarginate
labrum ; the mentum is trapezoidal ; the ligula short, square and slightly emar¬
ginate at tip. The prosternum is truncate in front, prolonged behind into an
acute point which passes in a narrow groove extending the whole length of the
mesosternum. The anterior coxae are precisely as in Helichus ; the posterior
coxae are slightly laminate and dilated interiorly as in Helichus, but are conti¬
guous at their base ; the parapleurae are broadly truncate at the external posterior
angle, and the parallelogram is completed by a large triangular plate. The ab¬
domen is 7-jointed, the first three joints are immovable, the 5th deeply emar¬
ginate, the 6th retracted so as to have only the edge visible, the last joint almost
round ; the feet have the last joint much longer than the other four united, with
strong simple claws.

The larva resembles in appearance a Trilobite, and has been described by
De Kay as a Crustaceous animal under the name Fluvicola Herriclci. It is en¬
tirety aquatic, and breathes by means of branchial filaments, the principal of
which proceed from the anus. For a full description of it and the pupa see
Agassiz’ Lake Superior. It bears a close comparison with the larva of Elmis by
Erichson, (Deutschl. Insect. 525).

6

42

[February,

The perfect insect lives on bushes over the surface of running water, and is
also found creeping over the wet stones in torrents ; the under surface of the
body is sericeous, with fine fulvous hair, perfectly like Helichus.

1. E. Lecontei, stibdepressus, ater, subtiliter punctulatus et pubescens,
thorace antice fortiter angustato, basi bisinuato, angulis posticis acutis, elytris
marginatis, lineis elevatis minus distinctis, pedibus rufis. Long. -2.

Western New York and Pennsylvania. The great facilities and assistance
which my father, Major Le Conte, has constantly extended to me in my scientific
labors, will be a sufficient excuse for my continuing the name under which this
curious insect is mentioned by Dejean, and by which it is already known to a
large number of European entomologists.

Div. 2. Dryopini Er.

Coxae anticae transversae, trochantino conspicuo, abdomen 5-articulatum.

Lara.

Caput porrectum, subtus non obtectum; antennae simplices elongatae.

Body elongate, narrowed and subacute anteriorly. Head not deflexed ; anten¬
nae with the first joint cylindrical, a little longer and thicker than the two follow¬
ing, which are equal ; the fourth is a little shorter; the rest are broken off, (pro¬
bably serrate. The labrum is large and broad, rounded in front, and scarcely
emarginate ; the mandibles slightly emarginate at tip. Mentum trapezoidal,
ligula broad, truncate in front. Prosternum with a short point behind, which
fits into the excavated mesosternum ; middle coxae moderately distant; posterior
coxae contiguous at base, very slightly and gradually dilated internally. Legs as
in Helichus. The body above and beneath coated with very fine pubescence.

This genus seems to be the desired link connecting the anomalous form Eury-
palpus with the true Parnidae ; the abdomen, coxae and feet are precisely the
same as in the latter, while the long simple antennae are anomalous in this sub¬
division ; the large uncovered labrum is not seen in this subdivision, but is found
in Elmis, Macronychus, &c., of the next subdivision, to which, however, it
cannot be referred on account of the transverse form of the anterior coxae. The
thorax is much narrowed in front, with the posterior angles acute; scutellum
large, acute; elytra almost parallel, rounded at apex. The genus is named after
a water nymph.

1. L. a v a r a, olivaceo-picea, thorace confertim grosse punctato, lateribus bi-
sinuatis, disco elevato, canaliculato, margine antico late depresso, elytris nitidis
subtiliter striato punctatis, pone basin oblique impressis. Long. *3.

Sacramento, California, Mr. Rathvon. The thorax has the disc suddenly ele¬
vated and canaliculate, so as to present two large bosses, the lateral margin is a
little excavated anteriorly and posteriorly ; the alternate interstitial spaces of
the elytra are more distinctly sericeous ; the feet are black, the femora at base
ferruginous.

Lutrochus Er. (Ins. Deutschl. 509.)

1. L. lute us, ovalis, convexus, aeneo-luteus, subtiliter punctulatus, et bre-
vissime dense pubescens ; thorace lateribus rectis, basi bisinuata, medio leviter
producta, et truncata. Long. *12. This very remarkable insect was found by
Lieut. H. Haldeman, U. S. A., at Fort Gates in Texas ; for my specimens I am
indebted to his brother S. S. Haldeman. The only other species known is from
Brazil.

Pelonomus Er.

1. P. obscurus, subcylindricus, piceus, pube erecta dense vestitus, thorace
confertim punctulato, lateribus rectis obliquis, basi bisinuata, medio late trunca¬
ta, angulis posticis acutis, elytris dense subtiliter punctatis, obsolete striatis,
tibiis tarsisque rufis. Long. *26.

Southern and Western States, very rare; remarkable for the eyes being nearly
as hairy as the rest of the body.

1852.]

43

HELTCHrs Er.

A. Elytra vitta suturali nitida , fere glabra.

1. H. striatus, elongatus, atro-olivaceus, fere opacus, thorace confertim punc¬
tato, latitudine vix breviore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus rotundatis, disco
ante basin elevato, medio impresso, basi subito depressa, utrinque foveata, elytris
striis punctatis sat profundis, interstitiis alternatim paulo elevatis, sutura nitida.
Long. -24. Vermont. C. B. Adams.

2. H. basal is, minus elongatus, obscure olivaceus, subnitidus, thorace
punctato, latitudine breviore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus versus basin valde
inflexis, disco ante basin transversim elevato, basi depressa, elytris seriatim
foveatis, seriebus internis duabus minus distinctis, usque ad striam 3iam nitidis.
Long. *]9.

Pennsylvania, Dr. Melsheimer. Troy, (N. Y.) Prof. Adams. This species
was given me by Dr. Melsheimer as Parnus fasti giat its Say, from which it
differs by having the posterior angles of the thorax rectangular ; the hairs on the
shining part of the elytra are sparse, but not at all fasciculate.

3. H. foveatus, elongatus, atro-olivaceus, fere opacus, thorace confertim
punctato, latitudine non breviore, antrorsum rotundato, minus angustato, disco
versus basin minus subito depresso, utrinque foveato, elytris striis grosse punc¬
tatis interstitiis internis tribus nitidis. Long. *20.

Sta. Fe (New Mexico.) Fendler.

4. H. sutural is, elongatus, obscure olivaceus, opacus, thorace confertim
punctato, latitudine non breviore, antrorsum non angustato, angulis posticis rec-
tis, elytris seriatim punctatis, vitta suturali nitida. Long *20.

San Diego, California. One specimen.

B. Elytra cequaliter pubes centia.

5. H. productus, elongatus, obscure olivaceus, opacus, thorace confertim
punctato, latitudine non breviore, antrorsum vix angustato, angulis posticis
acutis productis, elytris seriatim punctatis, versus suturam subnitidis. Long. 30.

San Diego.

6. H. lithophilus Er. Ins. Deutschl. 510. Elmis litliophila Germ. Ins.
Nov. 88. Pennsylvania and New York.

7. li. G i 1 e n s i s, elongatus, obscure olivaceus, opacus, thorace confertim
punctato, antice vix angustato, lateribus ad basin paulo inflexis, angulis posticis
rectis, elytris totis opacis, seriatim punctatis. Long. *17.

One specimen found near the villages of the Pimas, in the valley of the Gila.

8. H. fastigiatus. Parnus fastigiatus Say. Long’s Exped. 2, 275. Un¬
known to me : belongs to division A.

Div. 3. Elmini Er.

Coxae anticae subglobosae; abdomen 5-articulatum.

Limnius Mull. Er.

1. L. fast id it us, fusco-aeneus. oblongo-ovatus, thorace punctato convexo,
angulis anticis porrectis, posticis acutis, striola basali utrinque impresso, elytris
seriatim punctatis, parce punctulatis, vitta utrinque flava, integra, ad humerum
paulo dilatata. Long. *11. Lee. Agass. Lake Superior, 217.

2. L. el eg a ns, niger, vix aenescens, elongato-ovatus, thorace vix punctula-
to, angulis anticis minutis, posticis rectis, striola basali utrinque impresso, elytris
seriatim punctatis, vix subtilissime punctulatis, vitta a humero ad medium,
alteraque a medio ad apicem obliquis flavis ornatis, antennis pedibusque testaceis.
Long. *09.

Massachusetts. Prof. Adams.

44

[February,

Elmis Latr.

1. E. bivittatus, piceus, elongatus cylindricus, antennis tarsisque flavis,
thorace convexo, parce punctato, rufescente, margine antico nigro, lateribus levi-
ter rotundatis, angulis posticis rectis, elytris punctato-striatis, vitta lata integra
lutea utrinque ornatis. Long. *14.

One specimen on the Upper Mississippi; judging from a drawing, this may be
Elmis bivittatus Dej. Cat.

2. E. quadrinotatus Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 187. Elmis vittatus
Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 99. Common in the Middle States. Dr. Melshei-
mer’s species, as I know by actual inspection, is only an immature specimen of
the not unusual variety with the spots confluent forming a vitta. This species
is much smaller and less cylindrical than the preceding : the feet are sometimes
entirely ferruginous.

Stenelmis Dufour.

1. S. s i n u at us, elongatus, piceus, thorace elongato, inaequali, pone apicem
magis angustato, angulis anticis porrectis, apice medio producto et rotundato,
lateribus late sinuatis, elytris punctato-striatis, interstitio 2ndo basi, 5tl’que cari-
natis, macula humerali alteraque subapicali flavis ornatis, tarsis antennisque
ferrugineis. Long. *12.

One specimen Tolula, Georgia : the thorax is elevated in the middle, deeply
channelled, and has two tubercles on each side near the margin.

2. S. c ren at us, elongatus, ater, thorace elongato, inaequali, ante medium
angustato, angulis anticis porrectis, apice medio late rotundato, lateribus late
subsinuatis, elytris punctato-striatis, interstitio 2ndo basi 5l(,que carinatis, anten¬
nis ferrugineis. Long. 12.

Elmis crenatus Say, Long’s Exped. 2, 275. Pennsylvania, Melsheimer : Ni¬
agara : the thorax is less suddenly narrowed in front, and the sides not widened
at the apex, but parallel : the sculpture as in the last.

3. S. bicar inatus, elongatus, ater, thorace elongato, vix inaequali, an-
trorsum angustato, lateribus rectis, elytris profunde punctato-striatis, interstitio
5to carinato, vitta angusta lutea ornatis, antennis tarsisque ferrugineis. Long.
•12. Ohio, Haldeman: the impressions of the thorax as in the preceding, but
very faint.

4. S. pu s i 1 1 u s , ater, thorace inaequali, impressione oblonga ad medium,
carinaque utrinque laterali notato, lateribus subrectis, elytris punctato-striatis,
interstitio 2nd<» basi, 4tc> usque ad medium, 5toque carinatis, macula humerali,
alteraque subapicali luteis obsoletis, antennis tarsisque furrugineis. Long. *08.
Rapids of Niagara, June, abundant.

Macronychus Mull.

1. M. glabratus Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 187. Pennsylvania, Melshei¬
mer : Vermont, Prof. Adams.

2. M. lateralis Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 99. Unknown to me.

Ancyronyx Er.

1. A. variegatus Er. Ins. Deutschl. 522. Macronychus variegatus
Germ. Ins. Nov. 89 : Sturm Cat. 2nd, 63, tab. 2, 12 : Elmis cinctus Say, Journ.
Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 186. Pennsylvania, Vermont, Adams. Germar’s name has
precedence by one year.

Although not belonging to this family the following may here be added on ac-
acount of its close relation.

Georyssus Latr.

1. G. pus ill us, rotundatus, niger, thorace subtiliter canaliculats, ante
medium vix transversim impresso, antice rugose punctato, postice lineola

45

185*2.]

utrinque elevata submarginali notato, elytris fortiter seriatim punctatis. Long.
•07. Platte River, Nebraska Territory : covers itself with a casing of mud like
the European species. The thorax is strongly margined, and has at the base
near the lateral margin a little interrupted elevated line. In one specimen the
the apex of the thorace is emarginate, but I can perceive no other difference.

Synopsis of the Eucnemides of Temperate North America.
By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

Although many entomologists consider that the small group of Coleopterous
insects, herein treated, constitute a peculiar family, I am under the necessity,
after very careful examination, of viewing them as a mere section of the exten¬
sive natural family of Elateridae, and no more entitled to a distinct place in the
series, than any other group of genera in that family.

The character which essentially distinguished the Elateridae from allied families,
as Erichson* has pointed out, is the looseness of the articulation between the pro-and
meso-thorax. In order to allow of greater liberty of motion, the posterior margin
of the infixed portion of the prothorax is more or less dilated, or concave, so as
to slide over the opposing part of the messothorax.

This character, although good in theory, is nevertheless sometimes difficult to
be seen, and is less developed in the Eucnemides than in Typical Elaters : yet I
have never failed to detect it, on close observation. In the genera Cebrio and
Cerophytum it is completely wanting : the former recedes too in the prominent
mandibles, and the latter in the posterior femora being inserted at the extremity
of the elongate trochanter, instead of at its base and side, as in Elateridae and
most other Coleoptera. Although I have not yet detected the affinities of this
difficult genus, I think there can be no doubt of the propriety of entirely excluding
it both from the Elateridae and Cebrionidae.

The Buprestidae are distinguished from the Elateridae by the posterior margin
of the prothorax beneath, abutting directly against the mesothoracic segment.
More distinct characters will be found in the union of the first and second inferior
abdominal segments : the suture between them being visible only at the side :
a character of great constancy is found in the form of the eyes, which are strongly
transverse in all Buprestidae, while they are generally round in all Elateridae. In
order to include the Eucnemides with the other more typical groups, the Elate¬
ridae may be thus defined.

Coleoptera pentamera antennis serratis , mandibulis retractis , oculis rotun-
datis ; yrothorace inf erne mesosternum superante ; acetabulis anticis parvis
rotundatis , in prostemo sit is, postice valde hientibus : coxis posticis laminatis ,
trochanteribus simplicibus ; abdomine 5-articulato , segmeutis omnibus distinctis.

According to the form of the sternum and front, this family may be divided
into several groups, of which the first and easiest, the Eucnemides, may be dis¬
tinguished by the clypeus expanded in front of the antennae ; the labrum con¬
cealed : the head strongly deflexed : the prosternum not lobed in front. Our
native genera may be arranged as follows :

A. Tarsi non laminiferi.

a. Thorax marginatus, subtus non sulcatus.

1. Palpi tenues, articulo ultimo vix crassiore.

Pedes fortiter compressi, (antennae minus approximatae)
Pedes tenues .

2. Palpi articulo ultimo dilatato, (saepius securi-

formi) .

a. Caput sub oculis non sulcatum.

Laminae tectrices magnae intus sensim dilatatae
Laminae tectrices intus subsubito dilatatae

tarsi articulo 4l° simplici ....
tarsi articulo 4to subtus breviter lobato

Melasis Oliv.
Tharops Lap.

Euryptychus.

Epiphanis Esch.
Emathion Lap.

Germar’s Zeitschrift fur Entomol. 2, 179,

4G

[February,

Laminse tectrices intus quadrangulariter dilatatae
/3. Caput sub oculis valde sulcatum.

Laminae tectrices angustae .

b. Thorax marginatus, subtus ad latera sulcatus.

Antennae tenues articulo 3‘“> sequentibus longiore
Antennae tenues articulo 3<o non longiore . . .

Antennae valde serratse vel pectinatae ....

c. Thorax margine interrupto, vel medio obsoleto.

Sulci antennales ad prosterni marginem siti,

B. Tarsi subtus laminiferi.

Sulci antennales laterales - .

I am not sure that the primary division into genera with and without tarsal
appendages is natural, but as I have had no opportunity of examining any genus
of the latter division, I do not dare to disturb the arrangement adopted by all pre¬
vious entomologists. From considerations derived from the study of other Elaters,
I am inclined to think that it would be better to divide this portion (B) among
those that precede it, putting Galba next to Eucnemis in (b.) and the foreign
genus Pterotarsus before Microrhagus in (c.).

Anelastes Kirby.

Hylochares Latr.

Fornax Lap.
Isarthrus.
Eucnemis Ahrens.

Microrhagus Esch.

Galba Esch.

Melasis Oliv.

1. M. pectinicornis Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2,148. Pennsylvania, Mels-
heimer ; Ohio, Schaum.

Tharops Lap.

1. T. ruf ic orni s. Melasis rujicornis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3,165:
Eucnemis {Nematodes) rujicornis Say, Trans. Phil. Soc. 6, 187. Missouri; the
elytra are yellow, with the posterior half black : sometimes they are entirely
yellow. The antennae of the male are strongly flabellate.

2. T. obliquus. Eucnemis obliquus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6,187.
Ohio, Dr. Harris. My specimens are two fifths of an inch long, which is double
the size mentioned by Say.

Euryptychus.

Clypeus ad apicem rotundatus : antennae articulo lmo elongato, 3io praecedente
longiore, 4 — 8 subaequalibus crassitie paulo longioribus, 9 — 10 latioribus, et trip-
lo longioribus, 11 iterum longiore, elongato-ovali. Palpi articulo ultimo dilatato,
triangulari ; prosternum postice promineus, mesosternum profunde excavatum ;
tibiae calcaribus apicalibus distinctis ; tarsi tenues, articulo lmo elongato ; la¬
minae tectrices coxarum posticarum intus gradatim valde dilatatae, apice suba-
cutae.

The body is regularly arched, moderately wide for this family, and gradually
narrowed behind the thorax : the thorax is much narrowed in front and rounded
on the sides. The general aspect is precisely that of Ampedus.

1. E. heterocerus. Eucnemis heterocemis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.
6, 186. Pennsylvania, Messrs. Ziegler and Rathvon.

Epiphanis Esch.

The insect that I consider as belonging to this genus, differs from the preced¬
ing, in having the 3d joint of the antennae scarcely elongated : the four terminal
joints in the male are equally enlarged, and each is about twice as long as the
7th joint ; the plates of the posterior coxae are suddenly dilated within, and are
broadly truncate at the extremity. I am unable to see the last joint of the palpi,
which Eschscholtz describes as ovoid.

1. E. cristatus, nigro-piceus, griseo-pubescens, capite punctulato, fronte
tenuiter cristata, thorace antrorsum angustato subtilius dense punctato, linea
media vix distincta laevi, elytris parallelis punctatis, tenuissime striatis, anten-
nis pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. *20. New York, one male specimen.

2. E. can aliculatus, nigro-piceus, griseo-pubescens, capite punctato,
subtilissime carinato, thorace lateribus parallelis, ante medium rotundatis, con-

1852.]

47

fertissime punctato distincte canaliculato, elytris parallels, rugose punctatis,
subtiliter striatis. Long. *2. One female, Pennsylvania. Differs from the last
by its coarser und denser punctuation, and by the thorax not being regularly
narrowed in front.

3. E. c o r n u t u s Esch. Zool. Atlas. 1,10. tab. 4, fig. 6 ; Man. Bull. Mosc.
1843, 238. Sitkha : unknown to me.

Emathion Lap.

Sphcerocephalus Esch.

This genus has a very great resemblance, to the last, and can only be distin¬
guished by the slight inferior prolongation of the fourth tarsal joint, and by the
prosternal prominence being acute. In the last genus this prolongation is blunt
and rounded. The males of this genus have the 6 last joints of the antennae a
little enlarged.

1. E. atropos. Eucnemis atropos Say. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6,187.
Louisiana, Schaum.

2. E. penetrans, elongatum cuneiforme, atrum confertissime punctatum
subtilissime fulvo-pubescens, fronte linea tenuissima laevi, thorace latitudine
sesqui longiore, lateribus parallelis antice rotundatis, pone medium late canali¬
culato, utrinque ante medium obsolete foveato ; elytris tenuiter striatis, antennis
pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. *22 — *3.

Georgia : in Say’s description of the preceding species, probably by a 1 clerical*
error, the terminal, instead of the penultimate joint of the tarsi is said to be di¬
lated.

Anelastes Kirby.

1. A. Druryi Kirby. Trans. Lin. Soc. 12, tab. 21, fig. 2 : Guerin Ann.
Ent. Soc. Fr. 2d ser. 1, 17. Silenus brunneus Latr. An. Ent. 3, 129. Georgia.

Guerin refers this genus to the genuine Elateridae : Erichson in Agassiz’ No-
menclator Zoologicus places it in Cebrionidae. The form of the clypeus, how¬
ever, forces it into the present group. The prosternum is scarcely prominent
behind ; the plates of the posterior coxae are suddenly dilated, by the addition
of a quadrangular piece.

2. A. Latreillei, obscure rufo-piceus, subnitidus, thorace convexo, sub¬
tiliter parce granulato, postice canaliculato, lateribus valde rotundatis, angulis
posticis divergentibus, elytris profunde striatis, interstitiis subtiliter rugose
punctatis. Long. *4 — 5. Sacramento, California, Rathvon.

The thorax is much more rounded on the sides than in A. Druryi, and the
whole surface is much less scabrous ; the head is more distinctly granulated than
the thorax, and the frontal line is faint as in the other species.

Hylochares Latr : Guer.

l.H. nigricornis. Melasis nigricornis Say Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 165.
Ohio, Schaum.

Fornax Lap.

Dirhagus Esch

1. F. bicolor. Hylocharus ? bicolor Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 149. New
York: Wilcox.

2. F. badius. Dirhagus badius Mels. ibid. 2, 149. Pennsylvania, S. F.
Baird.

3. F. cylindricollis. Eucnemis cylindricollis Say, Trans. Am. Phil.
Soc. 6, 188. Illinois, Georgia, and Pennsylvania.

4. F. s t r ia t u s, elongatus, ater pubescens, confertim punctatus, thorace lati¬
tudine longiore, lateribus leviter rotundatis, pone medium late canaliculato,
elytris rugose-punctatis, striis sat profundis, interstitiis modice convexis, anten¬
nis tibiis tarsisque rufo-piceis, Long. *22. One specimen, Georgia. Very simi¬
lar to the preceding, but smaller, and with deep distinct elytral 6triae.

48

[February,

ISAETHRUS.

Antennae tenues, extus paulo incrassatae, articulis cylindricis, 2 — 12 subaequa-
libus, llm° paulo longiore. (Palpi invisi.) Thorax subtus ad marginem pro-
funde sulcatus : coxarum posticarum laminae tectrices intus modice dilatatae, ad
apicem late rotundatae ; tarsi tenues, articulo lm° elongate, 2 — 4 gradatim bre-
vioribus, 4t0 vix dilatato.

This genus differs from Fornax, by the third joint of the antennae being not
larger than the 2d or 4th ; and by the posterior coxal plates being less dilated in¬
teriorly, and much more broadly rounded at apex : the fourth tarsal joint is less
dilated.

1. I. spretus, elongatus utrinque obtusus, ater, breviter cinereo-pubescens,
confertim subconfluenter punctatus, thorace convexo, antrorsum angustato, et
rotundato, elytris striis tenuibus, interstitiis rugose punclatis, subconvexis, an-
tennis pedibusque rufis. Long. *2. Lake Superior. This is the Fornax spretus
of my catalogue in Agassiz’ Lake Superior.

Eucnemis Ahr.

a. Antenna serratce : tarsi articulo At0 simplici,

1. E. clypeat.us Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 189: Elater clypeatus
Say, Ann. Lyc. 1, 266. Pennsylvania, Zimmerman.

b. Antenna s err at a: tarsi articulo Ate breviter lobato.

2. E. amaenicornis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6,189. Southern and
Middle States. The antennae are subflabellate in both sexes : some specimens
have the thorax a little rounded on the sides : these are probably females : the
whole appearance is so similar to that of genuine Eucnemis, that I have not ven¬
tured to establish a separate genus upon the slight difference in the antennae and
tarsi.

Microrhagus Esch.

1. M. imperfect us, elongatus, utrinque obtusus, ater pubescens, puncta¬
tus, capite canaliculato, thorace latitudine breviore, lateribus antice rotundatis,
elytris tenuiter striatis,pedibus'rulo-piceis, sulcis pectoralibus postice indistinctis.
Long. *22. New York, one female.

2. M. subsinuatus, elongatus vix cuneiformis. ater, supra obsolete pubes¬
cens, punctatus, thorace brevi, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus subsinuatis,
angulis posticis explanatis, elytris rugose punctatis, obsolete striatis, tarsis tes-
taceis. Long. *2. Georgia, one male; similar to the next, but more than twice as
large, and easily distinguished by the sinuosity of the sides of the thorax : it is
also more coarsely punctured and less narrowed behind.

3. M. triangularis. Elater triangularis Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 170 :
Eucnemis triangularis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 189. Southern and West¬
ern States : the thorax is not at all narrowed in front ; the anterior angles are a
little rounded. It is singular that Guerin, (Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr. 1, 187,) should
refer this species to Eucnemis, when Say expressly states the antennal groove to
be near the middle of the pectus.

4. M. humeral is. Eucnemis humeralis, Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6,
189. Pennsylvania, Dr. Melsheimer.

Galba Esch.

1. G. (Den drocharis) flavicornis Guerin. Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr. 2d ser.
1, 193. tab. 6, fig. 60, 61. Georgia; I have never seen this fine species.

The following species are unknown to me, and the genera to which they be¬
long doubtful.

Eucnemis quadricollis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6,186. Pro¬
bably Melasis.

Eucnemis frontosus Say, ibid. Probably not of this group.

Eucnemis calceatus Say, ibid. The description of the antennae agree
perfectly with my Isarthi us spretus ; but the 4th joint of the tarsi in that species
is not lobed beneath.

1852.]

49

Dirhagus rufipes Mels. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 150. The front is said to
be longitudinally impressed, which is an unusual character in Fornax.

Eucnemis muscidus and unicolor, Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 186. ( Elater

m. & u. An. Lye. 1, 255,) are Perothops mucidus Erichson Germ. Zeitsch.
3, 117. The genus Perothops is of difficult location. It cannot be placed in the
present group on account of its prominent, not indexed mouth. From the typi¬
cal Elaters it differs by its clypeus dilated in front, and concealing the labrum,
and by the absence of an anterior lobe on the prosternum. It seems most na¬
tural to consider it as a special group connecting Anelastes among the Eucnemi-
des, with the more typical Elaters.

[Note. — On p. 345 of the last number of this work, (Dec. 1851), the name
puncticollis occurs twice in the genus Podabrus. The first of these (at
the top of the page), should read Podabrus poricollis.]

The Committee on the Rev. Mr. Langstroth’s paper on the “ Impreg¬
nation of the Eggs of the Queen Bee/’ reported in favor of publication
in the Proceedings.

On the Impregnation of the Eggs of the Queen Bee .

By Rev. Lorenzo L. Langstroth.

Many singular notions have prevailed respecting the generation of bees.
Virgil* asserted that bees have no sexual intercourse, but gather young from
the leaves of plants. New colonies, he thought, could be obtained from the
carcasses of animals. Swammerdam, in his observations on bees, made in
1673, proved, by careful dissection, that the bee commonly called the King, is a
female, and the mother of the whole colony, and that the drone is the male bee.
He thought that a seminal atmosphere proceeded from the drones and caused the
impregnation of the female, or as she is commonly called, the Queen.

Maraldi (1712) conjectured that the eggs of the Queen were fecundated by
the drones after being laid in the cells. Arthur Dobbs (Philosophical Trans¬
actions, vol. 46 for 1760) was, I believe, the first who suggested that the Queen
may have a sperma-theca, from the contents of which the eggs are impregnated.
Debraw(Phil. Transac. vol. 67 for 1777) imagined that he saw drones deposit¬
ing semen in cells containing eggs. Both Huber and Dr. John Hunter have
shown that he was mistaken. The latter supports the theory of Dobbs, and
endeavors to strengthen it by some curious experiments which he made on the
impregnation of the eggs of the silk-worm. (Phil. Transac. vol. 82 for 1792.)
Huber* (17S8) was the first to demonstrate that the sexual union of the Queen
and drone takes place when the insects are on the wing, in the open air ; and that
a Queen, when impregnated, will continue, at least for several years, to lay fertile
eggs without any further intercourse with the male. He thought that she was
impregnated for life, but he was not able even to conjecture how all the eggs in
her ovary could be at once fecundated. Dzierzon, a German apiarian of great
practical knowledge, has revived (1845) the notion of a permanently impreg¬
nated sperma-theca. He says that he has dissected Queen bees both before and
after impregnation, and that he has found the seminal sac in the first case to con¬
tain a limpid fluid like water, and in the second case to be filled with a substance
resembling the semen of the drone. This would seem almost to settle the
question ; but unfortunately he advances a conjecture which seems to be at
variance with the idea that he had much skill in dissecting. He thinks that
what is the poison sac in the worker becomes the sperma-theca sac in the

* Aristotle informs us that some cultivators called the’rulers or kings, mothers, and the
drones, males.

t Hattorf and Schirach (1770) believed that the Queen was self-impregnated ; and
the latter accounted for the existence of males by conjecturing that their semen formed
the food of the young bee.

50

[February,

Queen ! Now, the poison sac, with the sting and all its appendages, is entirely
distinct from the sperma-theca, and can easily be recognized without the aid of
the microscope. He does not seem to have examined, microscopically, the fluid
in what he calls the seminal vesicle, in order to demonstrate, by the presence of
spermatozoa, that it was the semen of the male. As I am not aware that this
has been done by any one else, I hereby communicate to the Academy the
results of such an examination made last month, by Dr. Joseph Leidy of
this city.

The Queen dissected was taken from an observing hive in which she had been
lodged in the Summer of 1851, having accompanied a first swarm from a hive
which had been swarmed in 1850. I am certain that she was not a Queen of
the current year, for she commenced ovi-depositing in the empty cells which the
hive contained, the same day in which she was put into it ; whereas young
Queens, which are not impregnated until after they are established as heads of a
new colony, do not begin to lay until after the lapse of several days. I know
that she was the same Queen lodged by me in the hive, as the bees were in a
hive of my own invention, in which they were exposed to the full light of day,
and were under constant inspection. She was therefore nearly two years old.
The males in this colony had all been killed in August and there was not one
in the hive (Jan. 27th) when she was taken from it.

Plate XIX in Swammerdam’s History of Insects, represents very accurately
all the parts which were particularly examined. The small globular vessel
(fig. 3-t.) which Swammerdam thought secreted a mucous fluid to attend the
eggs to the bottom of the cells, was found to be the true sperma-theca. Its
internal diameter was the l-33d of an inch, and it was distended with a whitish,
viscous fluid which, when examined by the microscope, was found to be filled
with spermatozoa.

I consider, therefore, that this dissection demonstrates that the Queen bee has
a reservoir in which the semen of the male is lodged, and that the eggs are im¬
pregnated as they pass by the duct leading from the sperma-theca into the
oviduct.

Note. — Since this paper was written. Dr. Leidy has examined two more Queen bees,
each of which had the sperma-theca distended with the spermatic fluid. These Queens
were both reared last Summer from eggs in worker combs, which were furnished to
colonies deprived of a Queen. The construction of the hives allowed the whole process
to be distinctly seen.

Mr. Jacob Peirce exhibited a hybrid fowl, being a cross between the
Peacock and Guinea Hen. The specimen was one of four which had
been hatched and raised on the farm of Mr. David West, in Chester Co.,
between Kimberton and the Yellow Springs, Pa.

ELECTIONS.

Dr. Joseph Hopkinson, U. S. Navy, Mr. William Struthcrs, and Mr.
J. Da Costa, of Philadelphia, were elected Members; and

Mr. J. W. Foster, U. S. Geologist of the Lake Superior District, and
Mr. J. D. Whitney, of the same district, were elected Correspondents of
the Academy.

1852 ]

51

March 2, 1852.

Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Linnean Society of London, dated Jan. 22d, 1852, acknow¬
ledging the receipt of the Proceedings, Vol. 5, Nos. 9 and 10.

From the Smithsonian Institute, dated Washington, Feb. IT, 1852,
acknowledging receipt of Proceedings, Vol. 5, No. 12.

From the American Philosophical Society, dated Feb. 21, 1852,
acknowledging receipt of the Journal, Part 2, Vol. 2, new series, and of
the Proceedings, Vol. 5, No. 12.

From Thomas Lawson, Surgeon General U. S. A. dated Feb. 7, 1852,
requesting correction of an error in the Meteorological Register lately
issued from the Department, a copy of which was sent to the Academy.

From Dr. Samuel Webber, dated Charlestown, N. Hampshire, Feb. 25,
1852, acknowledging receipt of his notice of election as a Corres¬
pondent.

Dr. J. C. Fisher read the following description of the Aurora of
Thursday, Feb. 19th, 1852. The observations were made from an
elevated point on the opposite side of the Schuylkill, where the view
was entirely unobstructed.

On the night of Thursday, the 19th of February last, a most beautiful Aurora
was visible throughout the middle and northern parts of the United States.
There were some circumstances connected with this one that seem to require a
more particular description than usual. The air was calm and clear. The
wind was light from the N. N. West. The temperature in the early part of
the evening was about 25® F., but it fell very rapidly, and before morning it
was 10° F. The Aurora began in the early part of the night with the appear¬
ance of a bank or arch of white light, rising about 15® or 16® above the horizon.
This continued, with some few changes, to be its general character, till about 9
o’clock, when a series of remarkable and beautiful changes commenced, which,
with some alternations of repose, lasted till the whole was lost in the dawn of
day. A little after 10 o’clock it presented some of the most remarkable and
beautiful changes it has ever been the good fortune of the writer to witness.
The arch or bank of white light which formed the basis of the whole, appeared
suddenly to rise and expand like a huge billow, or rather like one of those huge
masses of foam at the bottom of the cataract of Niagara, until suddenly bursting,
it threw a vast volume of white spray to the zenith, where it changed to a fiery
red, giving rise to an alarm of fire. Instantly after streamers of red, white and
brown shot up from the broken arch that still formed the basis or ground work,
and which at the same time changed from its white color to at first a pale green,
and then to almost an emerald green. Soon after the streamers ceased, and
waves of parti-colored light rushed across the heavens from west to east, as if in
rapid pursuit of one another. This was soon succeeded by masses of light shoot¬
ing up from the arch, which was again formed, to the zenith. Some of those
masses presented a remarkably livid appearance, and the whole formed a picture
which it is not in the power of language fairly to describe. During the time
when the auroral changes were so brilliant, the electrical state of the atmosphere
was in a most singularly disturbed condition. The telegraph wires were so
highly charged and conducted so great a quantity, that there were divers and
sundry rather unreadable communications written down at the various stations

TROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA. — VOL. VI. NO. II.

52

[March,

throughout the country, thus establishing its electrical character beyond ques¬
tion. Several persons have said that during the same time they distinctly heard
a snapping and cracking noise like that made by an electrical machine when in a
powerfully excited condition. This, however, may need confirmation. The
photometric power of the aurora when most brilliant, was about equal to that of
the moon in a very clear sky, when about three days old. No means were had
by the writer of examining the magnetic changes and disturbances. These,
however, have been probably carefully noted by accurate observers. From all
the phenomena noticed, however, the conclusion is a fair one that this aurora
was caused by a highly disturbed condition of the electrical tension of the air,
owing principally to calorific causes, and that however high it might have ex¬
tended into the atmosphere, it undoubtedly rested upon the earth, and that in our
immediate vicinity.

Dr. Leidy called the attention of the members to a specimen of the body of a
cervical vertebra, from the Eocene formation of Ouachita, Louisiana, belonging
to the cabinet of the Academy. It is perfectly mineralized, and both epiphyses
are attached, but portions are broken away, permitting the characteristic tuber-
culated surface of the body to be seen. It very probably belonged to a cetacean
animal, and is remarkable on account of the relatively deep concavity of its sur¬
faces before and behind. For the animal to which the vertebra belonged, the
name Pontogeneus priscus was proposed.

Dr. Leidy further made some remarks upon the comparative osteology and
dentition of the Hippopotamus, and proposed to consider the small species,
H. Liberiensis, Morton , as belonging to a new genus of Hippopotamidae, under
the name of Chcerodes.

Mr. Lea called attention to a specimen of Dipsas plicatus, Leach ,
which was very remarkable for its size. It was a single valve, and
measured in length 6f inches, and in breadth 10 J inches. Its weight
was 10 1 ounces. The heaviest specimen of a JJnio known to Mr. Lea
weighed two pounds ten ounces.

Mr. Lea also exhibited some specimens of Uniones, which were appa¬
rently hybrid, but in reality not so, the discrepancy arising from acci¬
dental causes.

March 9 th.

Mr. Isaac Lea in the Chair.

Dr. Charles M. Wetherill read a paper intended for publication in the
Proceedings, entitled i( Examination of Molybdate of Lead from the
Wheatley Mine near Phoenixville, Pennsylvania/’ which was referred to
Mr. Ashmead, Mr. Yaux and Dr. Land.

Mr. Lea read a “ Description of a new species of Symphynote Unio,”
which being intended for publication, was referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr.
Ruschenberger and Dr. Bridges.

A letter was read from Amory Edwards, Esq., dated New York,
March 3d, 1852, accompanying the donation of the heads of two
Gentoo Indians received this evening, of which the following is an ex¬
tract :

“The Gentoo tribe of Indians inhabit the sources of the Purus river, a South¬
ern tributary of the Amazon. The marshy banks of this river render it so very
unhealthy that very little is known of its inhabitants. At intervals a half-breed

1852.]

53

trader will venture up from the town of Barra, at the junction of the Amazon
and Negro rivers, who may be able to procure a very small quantity of Balsam
de Copaiba, or some gums. These traders report this tribe as inoffensive, living
on fish and fruits, entirely without clothing, and killing animals with a blow gun
and poisoned arrows.

The owner of one of these heads carried it with him, and when fishing, had it
placed with the face towards him (< for luck’s sake,” and it is extremely rare to
get them to part with one.

These are the only ones I have ever met with from this river ; those in the col -
lection of the late Dr. Morton, presented by me, were of the tribe of Mundrucus,
living between the Tapajos and Madeira rivers, and one is, I think, figured in
the works of Spix and Yon Martius.”

March 10th.

Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Librarian of the British Museum, dated Feb. 24, 1852,
acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings, Vol. 5, No. 11.

From the Faculty of Harvard College, dated Cambridge, Feb. 27, 1852,
acknowledging the receipt of a copy .of the Memoir of Hr. Morton by
Hr. Meigs.

Dr. Leidy called the attention of the members to five heads lying upon the
table, of what were usually considered as belonging to a single species of Hip¬
popotamus, under the name of H. amphibius. Two of the specimens are
from North Western Africa, and three from Southern Africa. Between those of
the two localities, various differences were pointed out, the most important being
the existence of a single band of enamel upon the upper canines of the North
Western Hippopotamus, and the band being divided into two by a space of three
lines on the outer side of the posterior groove in the Southern Hippopotamus.
Dr. L. therefore concluded with Desmoulins and Duvernoy, that there were two
distinct species of Hippopotamus, and as that of Northern Africa was the ear¬
liest known, the name, H. amphibius should be retained for it, while that of the
South should retain Desmoulin’s name of H. capensis.

Hr. Le Conte mentioned that the specimens of Casteroides Obioensis,
presented this evening, were important, as giving a new locality to this
animal. They were obtained by Hr. Feuchtwanger from a well near
Shawneetown, forty feet below the surface.

Hr. Hays stated that the tooth of the fossil Tapir presented by him
this evening, was found in the bed of a canal in North Carolina. It
had been in his possession for several years, and was the first fossil
Tapir tooth found in North America.

March 23 d.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Hr. Leidy called attention to the very fine skeleton of Troglodytes
gorilla, recently presented to the Academy by Hr. Henry A. Ford of
Liberia, which is now mounted and in the Hall. The height, as it now
stands, is four feet nine inches.

54

[March,

Mr. Lea made some remarks on the subject of the periodicity of the Family
TJnionidce. He mentioned that some of the species matured and ejected from
their oviducts the perfect shell in the autumn, others in the spring, and some
apparently in the winter. He mentioned that few observations had yet been
made on this interesting branch of animal economy. He had himself made some
observations many years since on the Unions* and Anodontce of our vicinity ;
and his brother, T. G. Lea, had, at his request, made some interesting observa¬
tions of those in the vicinity of Cincinnati, part of which had been noted in the
Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. He then read part of a
letter from Mr. Joseph Clark of Cincinnati, in which he mentions having ob¬
served the periodicity of several species within the last six months. The Ano-
donta edentula , Say, was found with oviducts fully charged in September, as
were also Unio ellipsis , Lea, U. irroratus , Lea, 77. securis , Lea, 77. foliatus ,
Hild. and 77. orbiculatus , Hild. In October he found the ova of the Unio multi -
plicatus , Lea, more than half developed, and thinks they would have been ma¬
tured in the spring. In the Unio anodontoides , Lea, they were beautifully de¬
veloped, and would probably have been matured and voided in the winter. The
oviducts of the last species are bordered with a beautiful blue color.

Thus Mr. Clark’s conclusions were the same as to the different periods of
various species as Mr. Lea’s, and there cannot be a doubt but that the terms of
the species differ according to their own law.

March 30 th.

Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee on Mr. Lea’s description of a new Unio, reported in
favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Description of a new species of Symphynote Unio .

By Isaac Lea.

Unio Chmingii. Testa alata, plicata, triangulari, valde compressa, postice
angulata, valde inaequilaterali ; ala elevata, acuminata, margir.e crenulata; val-
vulis subtenuibus, ante et post nates connatis ; natibus, et alae posterioris basi
apiceque undulatis ; natibus compressis, ad apicem undulatis, haud prominenti-
bus ; epidermide nitida, tenebroso viridi, perradiata; dentibus cardinalibus la-
mellatis, lateralibus longissimis, lamellatis subcurvisque ; ligamento celato;
magarita alba et iridescente.

Shell alate, plicate, triangular, very much compressed, angular behind, very
inequilateral ; wing high, acuminate, crenulate on the margin ; valves rather
thin, connate before and behind the beak; beaks, and the base and summit of the
posterior wing undulated ; beaks compressed, undulated at the tip, not promi¬
nent ; epidermis shining, dark green, radiated all over ; cardinal teeth lamellar ;
lateral teeth very long, lamellar and somewhat curved ; ligament concealed ;
nacre white and iridescent.

Habitat northern part of China. H. Cuming, Esq.

Diam. .7, length 2.6, breadth 3.1 inches.

This very beautiful and rare Unio is, in form and general outline, very much
like the Dipsas plicatus , Leach, but they cannot be confounded with each other,
as they belong to very distinct genera, the Dipsas having but one linear tooth
in each valve, while the above described shell has perfectly well defined lamellar
cardinal teeth, double in the right and single in the left valve. It also has long, la¬
mellar, lateral teeth, double in the left and single in the right valve. It differs also
in the folds, having them extending over the flattened side from the beaks, in this
specimen, which is not half grown, to half the length of the shell. The folds

1852.]

55

on the win? also differ, the V inning ii having the row from the beak to the pos¬
terior margin much nearer to the umbonial slope. The folds in the superior part
of the wing are smaller. This shell is very much compressed at the beaks and
reminds one of the Margaritana comjil anata (nobis.)

Mr. Cuming informs me that he has received several specimens from the
northern part of China, and that the full grown ones are 5i inches by 6|
inches. I dedicate the specimen to my friend, Mr. Cuming, to whose kindness I
owe the possession of m3' specimen.

The Committee on the following paper of Dr. C. M. Wetherill, re¬
ported in favor of publication in the Proceedings :

'Examination of Molybdate of Lead, from Wheatley’s Mine near Phaenixville,
Chester County , Pennsylvania.

By Charles M. Wetherill, Ph. D.

The mineral was given to me by Mr. W. S. Vaux, who received it from Mr.
Wheatley. It was found at his mine near Phcenixville, Chester County, Pa.
The Molybdate occurs with Phosphate of Lead. The crystals (square tables
modified,) are of light red color. Lustre adamantine, translucent, streak white.
Before the blow-pipe on charcoal decrepitates, and fuses with reduction of lead.
On platinum wire with borax in the outer flame is dissolved to a trans¬
parent glass, yellow while hot, colorless on cooling; in the inner flame, the bead
becomes deep brown when cool. In salt of phosphorus in the outer flame, the
same reaction occurs as with borax ; in the inner flame the green color charac¬
teristic of Molybdena appears. It dissolves almost completely in nitric acid,
and in hydrochloric with a residue of chloride of lead ; these solutions are yellow.
Hardness between selenite and calc spar, or between two and three of Mohs’
scale. Density ascertained with one gramme of the crystals 5*6.

A portion of the crystals was analyzed in the moist way by dissolving in boil¬
ing: dilute hydrochloric acid, and separating the crystals of chloride of lead,
which form on cooling. These crystals were not completely soluble in boiling
water, but left a residue in small quantity, apparently silica. The solution fil¬
tered from the chloride of lead, treated with sulphuretted hydrogen, gave a dark
brown precipitate, composed of the sulphurets of lead and molybdenum, the latter
was dissolved from the lead by hydrosulphuret of ammonia. The filtrate from the
sulph. hydrogen precipitate contained a trace of iron.

I was not able to detect chromium either by Ihe moist way or before the blow¬
pipe. The earths and alkaline earths were also absent.

I am not aware that a red molybdate of lead of American locality has been
described.

The following resolution was unanimously adopted :

Resolved , That a copy of the Proceedings, as far as published, be pre¬
sented to Dr. Henry A. Ford, of Liberia, Africa, in return for his re¬
cent valuable contributions to the Academy, from that country.

Dr. Elwyn offered the following, which was adopted :

Resolved, That a Committee be appointed to communicate with Com¬
modore Perry, in relation to making collections of objects of Natural
History in India, by the U. S. Expedition which is to sail shortly
for that station.

Committee — Mr. Cassin, Dr. Ruschenberger and Dr. Elwyn.

56

[April,

election.

• i

Amory Edwards, Esq., of New York, and Charles H. Budd, M. D.,
of Pemberton, N. J., were elected Members , and Henry A. Ford,
M. D., of Liberia, Western Africa, was elected a Correspondent of the
Academy.

April Qfh.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Royal Academy of Sciences at Vienna, dated October 26,
and December 12, 1851, transmitting the “Denksehriften, Matke-
matische-Naturwissen. Classe,” vol. 3, part 1, and u Sitzungsberic-ht,
Mathemat. Naturwissen. Classe,” vol. 6 and vol. 7, parts 1 and 2.

From Dr. F. H. Troschel, dated Bonn, Jan. 16, 1852, acknowledging
receipt of Proceedings of the Academy, vol. 5, Nos. 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8,
and requesting other numbers deficient in his series ; also transmitting
“ Archiv fur Naturgeschichte,” No. 6, 1849, Nog. 2, 3, 4 and 5,1850,
and Nos. 1, 2, 3, 1851.

From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Naples, dated Jau. 24, 1852,
acknowledging the receipt of late Nos. of the Proceedings.

A paper was presented by Col. George A. McCall, intended for publi¬
cation in the Proceedings, describing a new species of Carpodacus. Re¬
ferred to Mr. Cassin, Dr. Woodhouse and Dr. LeConte.

Dr. Woodhouse read a paper, intended for publication in the Pro¬
ceedings, entitled, “ Description of new species of Birds of the genera
Vireo, Vieill. and Zonotrichia, Swain.” collected by the author in Texas,
while attached to the late U. S. Expedition under Captain L. Sitgreaves,
for exploring the Zuni and Colorado Rivers of the West. Referred to
Col. McCall, Mr. Cassin and Dr. Wilson.

Dr. LeConte offered the following additional remarks on some
fossil Pachyderms, from Illinois, referred to on page 3 of the present
volume :

Having recently had an opportunity of inspecting an entire skull in the pos¬
session of Dr. Leidy, closely allied to, if not identical with the cranium described
by me as Hyops, and afterwards as Dicotyles depressions, I have the satisfac¬
tion of being able to arrange this confusing mixture of bones in a natural man¬
ner. I have seen distinctly that the parts described as belonging to the upper
jaw of Platygonus compressus, in reality belong to Hyops, but that the singularly
dilated lower jaw associated with them, is part of another animal for which the
name Platygonus must be retained. The large inferior canine referred to Dico¬
tyles depressions is perhaps the canine of the genus with dilated jaw ; at any
rate, it cannot belong to Hyops, and until the canine of Platygonus is found in
situ, it would be more natural to consider it as not indicating a third animal, of
which no other trace remains.

The inferior molars and canine from another locality, on which the genus
Protochcerus was founded, also belong to Hyops. In palliation of this blunder, I
may say, that the cranium and superior canines and molars of Hyops were asso¬
ciated with no lower teeth except those in the fragment of dilated jaw, which

1852.]-

57

certainly seemed to accord very closely in size and shape with the upper jaw.
Any one who has observed the very close correspondence between the dentition
of suiline pachyderms, and the great variation in different portions of the dental
series, w;ll appreciate the difficulty of apportioning properly small fragments of
closely allied species, and will excuse the faults which I have unconsciously
committed. As the best reparation for these errors, I subjoin the following
synonyms of the fiagments of the head, described by me :

Hvops depressifrons Lee. Am. Journal of Sc. 2d series, 5, 103.

Dicotyles .depressifrons Lee. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. 6, 3.

(In part.) Platygonus compressus Lee. Am. Joufnal, 1. c. and Trans. Am.
Ac. Arts, N. ser. 3, p. 1, 2, 3.

Protochcerus prisma, ticus Lee. Am. Journal, 1. c. 5, 103: Proc. Ac. 6, 5.

The fragments to be here referred, are a cranium : fragments of anterior part
of head with premolars and canines : the entire dental series of upper jaw : except
the last molar, the canine and two inferior molars of lower jaw, the latter be¬
longing to a smaller specimen of perhaps another species.

Platygonus compressus Lee. Am. Journ. L c. and Trans. Am. Ac.
Arts.

Lower jaw with two posterior molars : pi. 3, fig. 7.

Upper teeth,* posterior molar and two premolals : pi. 3, fig. 12 and 13, (left
hand.)

Mr. Lea stated some of his views .regarding species, and mentioned that the
subject had engaged the attention of eminent naturalists, some of whom bad given
definitions, which did not fulfil his idea of what constituted that term. Lindley,
in his Introduction to Botany, has given some very judicious and philosophic
views on classification. “ Species, ” he says, “ are created by Nature herself,
and remain always the same in whatever manner they may be combined; they
form the basis of all classification, and are the only part of it which can be con¬
sidered absolute.’5 In this he makes no attempt to define his ideas of species. It
is assumed to be a distinct creation, and unchangeable.

MM. Ray and Drouet (“ Revue et Mag. de Zoologies 1849 ”) give their views
of what forms a species, in the following terms : “ Generalement on entend, par

ce mot, (espece) un type d’organization de forme et d’activite, rigoureusement
determine, qui se perpetue successivement par generation directe et d’une ma-
niere indefinie avec la meme Constance de caracteres.”

Milne Edwards’ definition of species, Mr. Lea thought was less clear. He says,
“ On donne le nom d’espece ala reunion des individus, que se reproduisent entre
eux avec les memes proprietes essentielles.”

Cuvier considered that the fact of the succession, and of the constant succes¬
sion, constituted alone the validity of the species.

Dr. Morton. comprised his view of species, as “ a primordial organic form.”

Neither of these definitions fulfil Mr. Lea’s idea of w7hat forms a species. It
seemed to him, that a species must be considered to be a primary established lav,
stamped with a persistent fofm pertaining solely to itself, with the power of
successively reproducing the same form and none other.

Mr. Lea also stated he was about to issue a new edition of his Synopsis of the
Family Naiades , with much additional matter. That in the introductory part,
he had given the classification of various zoologists, and among others those who
had divided the Naiades by their anatomical differences, viz: D’Orbigny, Tro-
schel, and Agassiz. In these he said it would be observed, by consulting the
works of the two first, and a work entitled “Shells of New England,” by Mr.

*The figures of these teeth were so badly drawn by the artist engaged by me, arid
still farther deteriorated and altered while in the hands of Mr. Endicott, that the minute
differences which distinguish such closely allird nrdroals are not to be seen : in excuse
for permitting such figures to go before the worid, I must say that the memoir was
printed during my absence on a scientifie expedition, and that no opportunity was offered
for correcting the proof.

[April,

58

W. Stimpson, who cites Prof. Agassiz’s MSS., that they do not differ essentially
in their modes of division. Mr. Lea farther remarked, that our knowledge of
the structural differences of the soft parts of these animals, he thought, was not
sufficiently advanced to found a perfect and permanent system. That such a one
would he instituted he had no doubt, as he had expressed himself in 1838, in a note
on Anodonta Blainvilliana, in the second edition of his Synopsis, p. 31, and he
trusted, that the able physiologists above cited would continue thfeir investiga¬
tions; but he was disposed to think that, until zoologists had examined carefully
the soft parts of most of the existing numerous species,— the exo-skeletons*
(so to call them) of which have only come under our notice — the facilities which
a good system ought to afford, cannot be reaped by a partial anatomical know¬
ledge, which does not now embrace probably one eighth of the ascertained spe¬
cies of the family. Besides, he was not at all disposed to think, that we can en¬
tirely dispense with the aid wre find in the various characters of the exo-skele¬
tons in making out subgroups. They often, indeed, afford striking and obvious
differences, which the eye schooled with but little experience} can with facility
and certainty detect, and which if happily grouped by an experienced eye may
greatly aid the student. These considerations had induced him still to retain
nearly the same divisions in the new edition of the Synopsis, which had been
used in the last one.

April loth.

Vice President BridT$es in the Chair.

Letters wvere read

From the Lyceum of Natural History, of New York, dated March
24, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of a copy of the “ Notice of the
Academy,” recently published.

From Commodore Perry, dated New York, April 9, 1852, addressed
to Dr. Ruschenberger, expressing his desire and intention to comply
with the request of the Academy to make scientific researches in the
East Indies, during the cruise of the U. S.„ Squadron on that station.

Dr. LeConte read a paper entitled, “ Remarks on some Coleopterous
Insects, collected by S. W. Woodhouse, M. D., in Arkansas and New
Mexico,” which was referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr. F. Beck, and Dr. Rusch¬
enberger.

Dr. Zantzinger presented a paper from Mr. Charles Girard, of Wash¬
ington, entitled, “ Observations on the North American Astaci, by
Charles Girard;” which being intended for publication, was referred to
Dr. Bridges, Dr. LeConte and Dr. Leidy.

Dr. Ilallowell read a paper describing new species of Reptilia from
Western Africa; which was referred to Dr. Woodhouse, Dr. LeConte
and Mr. Lea.

Mr. Lea read a note from Wm. H. Prescott, Esq., dated Boston,
April 8, 1852, accompanying his donation of the rare work “Registro
trimestre,” announced this evening.

On motion of Mr. Lea, the thanks of the Society were unanimously
presented to Major LeConte for the valuable donation announced this
evening, of his entire herbarium of North American Plants.

* Forming the calcareous coverings and fulcra fur muscular fibres, as well as protec¬
tion from exterior forces.

1852.]

59

April 20 th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From Cap,t. Wm. McCluney, U. S. N., addressed to Dr. Ruschenber-
ger, dated New York Navy Yard, April 17th, 1852, offering to further
the objects of the Academy, during the cruise of the U. S. Squadron on
the E. India station.

From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Brussels, dated January 10th,
1850, and March 13th, 1851, acknowledging the receipt of the Journal
Part 4, Vol. 1, and Part 1, Vol. 2.

Dr. Leidy read a paper entitled “ Characteristics of some new Rep¬
tiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, by Spencer F.
Baird and Charles Girard;” which, being intended for publication in
the Proceedings, was referred to a Committee consisting of Dr. Hal¬
lowed, Dr. LeConte and Dr. Leidy.

Dr. Leidy also presented a paper from Prof. Dana, being a continu¬
ation of his descriptions of the Crustacea of the Exploring Expedition ;
which was referred to the original Committee.

Dr. Leidy read also a paper “On the Osteology of the Head of the Hip¬
popotamus and a Description of the Osteological Characters of a New
Genus of Hippopotamidse,” which being intended for publication in the
Journal, was referred to Dr. Ruschenberger, Dr. Woodhouse and Dr.
Hallowell.

Dr. Leidy stated that he had been studying the characters of the fossil tortoises
from Nebraska Territory, and had come to the conclusion that they had been
terrestrial and not aquatic in their habits, and belonged to the genus Testudo. In all,
the penultimate vertebral plate is inverted V formed, enclosing with the pygal plate
the last vertebral plate ; the costal plates are alternately broad and narrow; and
in those specimens in which the marks of the pygal scute remains, it is undivided,
as in the recent Testudo. The names of those species described recently should
be changed as follows :

Testudo Nebrascensis, Leicly.

Stylemys Nebrascensis, Pr. A. N. S., v. 173.

Testudo hemispherica, Leidy.

Emys 'hemispherica, ib.

Testudo Oweni, Leidy.

Emys Oweni, ib. 327.

Testudo Culbertsonii, Leidy .

Emys Culbertsonii, ib. vi. 34.

Dr. L. also called the attention of the members to a specimen of “ Red Snow ”
Protococcus nivalis, beneath the microscope, which was brought by Dr. E. K.
Kane, U. S. N., from the Arctic region. It consists of simple, spherical vesi¬
cles, with a transparent, colorless, shining cell wall, and bright red, granular
contents. The vesicles or cells measure from the l-1750th to the l-777th of
an inch in diameter.

9

60

[Afril,

April 27th.

Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee on the following paper by Dr. Woodhouse, reported
in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Descriptions of new species of Birds of the genera Vireo} Vieill.} and Zo?$o-

trichia9 Swains .

By S. W. Woodhouse, M. D.

The specimens described in the present paper were procured by me in Texas,
whilst attached to the expedition under the command of Captain L. Sitgreaves,
Topographical Engineer U. S. Army, which explored the rivers Zuni and Colo¬
rado of the West.

Vireo atricapilla, nobis.

Form. Robust, wings short and slightly rounded, first quill short, third long¬
est; tail extending about one inch beyond the closed wings.

Dimensions. — Total length, 4 5-10, extent of wings, 71, from flexure, 2 1-10,
length of tail 1 6-10 inches.

Colors. Head above black, which color extends over the cheeks and ears to
the base of the lower mandible ; a white ring encircles the eye, and then forms
a broad band extending to the nares. The plumage of the back is dark olive
green, slightly tipped with black, and gradually becoming lighter over the rump
and tail-coverts. Wings and tail dark brown, inclining to black, with their
outer margin light olive ; greater and lesser wing-coverts broadly tipped with
dingy white.

The primaries have a white line extending along their inner edge. Throat,
belly, and feet white. Sides very light yellow. Iris bright red. Bill, tarsi and
feet, black.

Habitat. Western Texas.

Obs. I procured this bird on the 26th of May, 1851, on the Rio San Pedro,
two hundred and eight miles from San Antonio, on the road leading from that
place to El Paso del Norte.

I was first attracted by its singular note, which I am unable to imitate. It
was feeding in the dense cedars, and resembled in its habits our Sylvias, being
continually in motion, which rendered it rather difficult to shoot. I procured
two specimens, both of which, on dissection, proved to be males.

Zonotrichia Cassinii , nobis.

Form. Bill slender and conical, with a well marked ridge between the nos¬
trils, extending about half way down the bill ; wings short and rounded, first
quill shortest, third and fourth about equal. Tail long and rounded.

Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail 5 5 10 inches,
wing from flexure 2 6-10 inches. Tail extending beyond the closed wings about
1 5-10 inches. Total length, 2 5-10 inches. Bill along the ridge 51-10 inches.
From gap to tip 5-10 inch ; tarsus H-10 inches.

Colors. Head and back cinereous brown ; throat and breast very light cine-
rous brown ; sides light brown, with longitudinal brown stripes next the shafts,
and at their extremities and the surrounding portions of the feather, brownish
white. Belly and vent dingy white, a strip of dingy white’extending from the
base of the upper mandible, over and behind the eye. Primaries brown, with
their outer edges light brown ; secondaries and scapulars brown, with a white-
ened band encircling them ; wing at the flexure light yellow; the tail, with
the exception of the two middle feathers, brown, tipped with white, the mid¬
dle feathers light brown and slightly barred ; in the outer feathers the white

1852.]

61

extends from the shaft along the outer side ; upper mandible light brown, lower
light yellow. Tarsus and feet flesh colored ; iris dark brown.

Habitat. Western Texas.

Obs. This interesting bird I shot on the prairie near San Antonio, on the 25th
of April, 1851, and, at the time, took it for the Z. savanna (Wilson,) which it
much resembled in its habits, but upon examination it proved to be totally
distinct. I found but one specimen, which is a male.

I have named this in honor of my friend Mr. John Cassin, the Corresponding
Secretary of this Society, to whose indefatigable labor in the department of
Ornithology we are so much indebted.

The Committee to which was referred the following paper by Col.
McCall, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings,

Note on Carpodacus frontalis , {Sap,) with description of a new species of the same
genus, from Santa Fe, New Mexico.

By Col. George A. McCall, U. S. A.

In the Proceedings of this Academy for the months of May and June, 1851,
was published some account of such Birds as I had met with during the preced¬
ing year in Texas and New Mexico. In that paper, under the name of Carpoda¬
cus frontalis , Say, I gave an account of the habits of a bird I had found at
Santa Fe.

At the time I first observed the bird to which I allude, I believed it to be of
a species not previously described, and I brought with me from New Mexico
specimens of the adult birds, the young, the nest and the eggs. But on my ar¬
rival in this city, a comparison with C. frontalis resulted in the decision that
my specimens were of that species ; they were accordingly presented to the
Academy as such, together with an account of their habits. Recently, however,
my attention has been called to these birds (a close examination of them having
been made by Dr. Wilson and Mr. Cassin) and a satisfactory conclusion has
been arrived at, that the birds referred to do not belong to the species frontalis,
but are of a species not previously described ; I therefore propose the name fami-
liaris, and annex hereto an accurate description wThich was taken from an ex¬
amination of a number of specimens, killed at Santa Fe in the spring of 1850.

Carpodacus familiaris*

Adult male. — Front, sides of head, chin, throat and rump, crimson; crown,
hind-neck and fore part of back, brownish crimson passing into brown on the
after part of the back ; fore part of the breast brownish crimson fading into light
dusky brown on the abdomen, which, with the under tail coverts, is striped with
blackish brown ; wings and tail, dusky brown, each feather edged with pale
brown, which is broadest on the wring coverts ; bill robust and curved on the
ridge, and together with the legs and feet dark dusky ; iris black. Length, six
inches one line, alar extent ten inches ; wing from the flexure three and a quar¬
ter inches.

The female, (in size rather less than the male,) is above, of a dusky brown
edged with light brown ; beneath, pale brown longitudinally striped with dark
brown ; wings and tail dusky, edged with pale brown. The young on the first
of May were nearly full fledged, and were similar in color to the female, though
lighter.

It will be seen from the foregoing description that the present species differs
from C . frontalis in having the crimson less decidedly defined — that color being
diffused over a greater part of the body, and gradually fading into brown.

[April,

62

The Committee on Dr. Hallowcll’s paper describing new species
of Reptiles, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Description of neto species of Reptilia from Western Africa*

By Edward Hallowell, M. D.
PHRACTOGONUS,* Hallo well.

Subgeneric Characters. — Head conical, presenting two large plates upon its
upper surface. Nostrils below the rostral. A row of longitudinal shields upon
the chest. Body and tail annulated ; lateral pores near the anus.

Phractogonus galeatus.

Specific Characters. — Five teeth in the lower jaw on each side ; four maxillary
on each side of the upper jaw, and two intermaxillary teeth ; two large plates upon
the head; lateral pores near the anus; pectoral shields four in number, long
and narrow ; two hundred and fourteen rings upon the body, eighteen upon the
tail.

Description. — The head is small and somewhat triangular, rounded in front.
It presents upon its upper surface two large plates, one of which forms the ros¬

tral. The posterior of these is much the larger, and is more extended
transversely than in its antero-posterior diameter. It presents three
distinct margins anteriorly, its posterior margin being somewhat
rounded; its superior surface is convex. The rostral is rounded an¬
teriorly, depressed above ; its anterior margin presents an acute edge.

The snout extends nearly a line beyond the mouth. In an angle formed by the
plates just described, on each side of the head, is one which is narrow and
oblong ; and immediately behind it another very small and quadrilateral ; behind
this at the angle of the mouth is a triangular plate, its base presenting back¬
ward ; between them at the posterior part of the head are four narrow and

more or less oblong and two smaller ones. The nostrils are
quite small, V shaped, a line apart, and are situated upon the under
part of the snout, in a narrow plate immediately behind the
rostral. The eyes are not visible. Five labial plates margin the

upper jaw on each side. There are three upon the margin of the lower
jaw, tfrfe posterior of which is very large and quadrilateral. The mental
plate is also large, with a rounded posterior margin. The pectoral shields
are four in number, the two middle ones by their junction forming a tri¬
angle superiorly. They are each about three lines and three-fourths in length,
and a line in breadth. The two lateral shields, which are pentagonal, have their

bases precisely in aline with those of the intermediate plates. Im¬
mediately above the two middle pectoral are two small quadrilateral
ones about a line in breadth ; their external and inferior margin is
in contact with the superior and internal margin of the long and
narrow external pectoral shields. There are nine semicircular
rings upon the upper part of the body terminating at the base of the

pectoral plates. There are 214 rings upon the body, and 18 upon the tail.
Body slender, cylindrical, fifteen lines in circumference at its middle, of an
obscure "white color : (the specimen has been preserved in alcohol). The back
of the animal is covered with numerous small quadrangular scuta, looking

like mosaic : they are wider apart upon the abdomen, which has a
smooth appearance. No longitudinal sulci are observed upon the body.
There are two lateral pores quite distinct, each in a separate scale

V.

on the left side of the row of praeanal scales, and one near the centre of a scale
on the right of the same row. The scales in front of the anus are six in number,
the two middle ones oblong and quadrilateral, the lateral ones irregular in shape.

Dimensions. — Length of head 4i lines, of neck and body 13 inches (Fr.) 10
lines, of tail 152l lines.

Geographical distribution. — Liberia, West Coast of Africa.

0<Ppxx.ro( munitus, yuvos angulus,

63

1852.]

Habits. — But little is known of the habits of this animal. They probably re*
semble those of the Amphisbaenidce.

General Remarks. — But three species of Lepidosternon are described by Dume-
ril and Bibron in their Erpetologie Generate, viz., Lep. microcephalum, L.
phocaena, and L. scutigerum. From the microcephalum, the species upon which
the genus was founded by Spix, galeatus differs in the form and number of the
pectoral shields, the number of plates upon the head, and in being a much more
slender animal. Lepidosternon phocaena presents twelve plates upon the head, and
the pectoral shields are small and lozenge shaped. The resemblance between the
animal just described and the L. scutigerum, the Cephalopeltis Cuvieri of Muller,
is more close, but it differs from it in several well marked particulars, viz., the
position of the nostrils, which in all the species described by Dutneril and Bibron
are stated to be in the rostral plate. They are distinctly so drawn in the figure of
the L. microcephalum of Spix, in his work on the serpents of Brazil. In L. galeatus
the nostrils are situated in a plate immediately below the rostral. It differs also
in having lateral anal pores, which are not mentioned as existing in either of the
described species of Lepidosternon, and in the number of rings upon the body
and tail. These are stated by Dumeril and Bibron to be three hundred and four¬
teen for the body and fourteen or fifteen for the tail. The L. scutigerum is there¬
fore a much longer animal, measuring 18! inches. All the species of Lepidos¬
ternon hitherto described are from South America.

The reptile most nearly resembling the above described animal is undoubtedly
the Monaspis capensis of Dr. Andrew Smith, (Illustrations of the Zoology of
South Africa. Reptilia, pi. 67.) The nostrils in the plate of Dr. Smith are
placed as in Phractogonus, but no mention is made of his description of lateral
anal pores. The number of rings upon the body is 206, of the tail 7. The
prseanal scale is divided as in L. galeatus into six compartments, and the pectoral
shields are the same in number but differ in shape. The head, however, has but
a single plate or shield, and hence the name Monaspis. which cannot with pro¬
priety be applied to an animal with two. I therefore prefer the name Phracto¬
gonus. The greater or less number of plates upon the head may, as Dr. Smith
observes, be of specific importance only, but the position of the nostrils and the
presence of lateral anal pores are characters of sufficient value to warrant the
establishment of a subgenus.

Hemidactylus angulatus.

Specific Characters. — Upper part of body covered with tubercles, dis¬
posed in oblique parallel rows converging toward the middle line of
the back. A large triangular plate under the chin. Tail of same
length as head and body. Tail subquadrangular at its base, tapering
gradually towards a point.

Description. — The head of this animal is of moderate size, flattened above,
somewhat swollen at the temples. The snout is triangular, depressed above,
the nostrils which are small and circular being placed nearly a line apart about
half a line above the opening of the mouth. There is a row of nine or ten plates
upon each side of the upper jaw ; of these the xwo or three nearest the snout
appear to be the largest. The same number exists upon each side of the lower
jaw. The nostril is in a narrow, oblong, quadrilateral plate. The mental plate is
large and triangular, with two smaller quadrangular plates on each side at the
apex of the triangle. The meatus auditorius is very distinct, of moderate size,
oval in shape. The eyes are large and lateral, with rounded pupils. The upper
half of the orbit is bordered by a single row of conical scales. The chin and
throat are covered with small granular scales, which are somewhat larger near the
chin. The scales upon the neck and abdomen are smooth and quadrangular,
running in oblique rows. The upper part of the body presents numerous tuber¬
cles arranged in oblique rows, converging toward the middle line of the back.
The interspaces between the tubercles are covered with very numerous black
points. Upon the head and neck, numerous tubercles, larger and more abundant
upon the neck, are observed, arranged in an irregular manner. The upper and
lateral surfaces of the snout are covered with tubercles thickly agglomerated.

G4

[April,

A well marked depression exists upon the snout and upper part of the head.
There are thirteen or fourteen femoral pores in the specimen examined, but no
pores immediately in front of the anus. Three or four of these pores extend
beyond the thigh on each side about a line in front of the anus. The under sur¬
face of the extremities is covered with small imbricated scales, which are very
minutely punctated with black. The under part of the fingers is provided with
a double row of imbricated scales divided by a median line. The upper surface of
the tail presents numerous scattered tubercles, the under surface transverse scuta,
somewhat indistinct.

Coloration. — Upper part and sides of head yellowish. Upper part of body
light chocolate color, vcith numerous minute points of black ; upper surface of
extremities of a lighter color than rest of body. Under p^rt of body and extre¬
mities light straw color.

Dimensions — Length of head eight lines ; greatest breadth five lines. Length
of body one inch and a half (Fr.) ; of tail two inches.

Geographical distribution.— West coast of Africa.

Remarks. — This species differs from all the species of Hemidactylus described
by Dumeril and Bibron. It is well characterized by the angular plate at the
chin and the disposition of the rows of tubercles upon the back.

Acontias elegans.

Specific Characters. — No inferior eyelid; two internasal plates,
pentagonal, articulating with the rostral; frontal heptagonal, broader

K _ than long; an interparietal hexagonal, more extended transversely

rS — M than antero-posteriorly ; an occipital plate larger than either of the
others, hexagonal, its supero-external margin hollowed ; a parietal
'plate, a fronto-parietal, one supra-ocular, two posterior-oculars; a fre-
nal, and a freno-orbitar much smaller than the frenal.

Description. — The head ot this animal is small, depressed, triangular in shape
above, rounded In front; the rostral plate encloses the extremity of the snout and
presents a slit on each side posteriorly, extending backward and inferiorly in a
curved direction to its posterior border; immediately above the rostral are two
internasal plates, pentagonal, their inferior margin articulating with the posterior
margin of the rostral ; the frontal, interparietal and occipital form a longitudinal
row nearly equal in size, upon the middle and upper part of the head. The in¬
ternasal articulate with each other by their narrowest or internal margin, with
the frontal, the frenal and the first labial; the frontal with the internasal, the
interparietal, the freno-orbitar and the supra-ocular ; the interparietal with the
supra-ocular; and the fronto-parietal with the frontal anteriorly and the occi¬
pital posteriorly ; the occipital articulates in front with the interparietal, later¬
ally on each side with the parietal and the fronto-parietal ; the parietal are oblong,
inequilateral, longer from behind forward than in the opposite direction ; the
fronto-parietal are hexagonal, larger than the parietal ; the supra-ocular are also
hexagonal ; the frenal plate is quadrangular articulating with the internasal, the
frontal, the supra-ocular, the freno-orbitar and the first labial. The eyes are
distinct but without an eyelid. They are situated in an interspace formed by five
scales, and covered by a scale a very little larger than the eye; the inferior of
the five is the second supra-labial. Three plates margin the upper jaw on each
side; there are three upon the lower; the most anterior of the upper row is
quite large, presenting an acute angle forward and upward. The plate upon the
under jaw, immediately behind the mental, is long and narrow ; the nostrils are
small, oval, nearly a line apart: immediately behind the mental is a transversely
elongated triangular plate, the apex of the triangle presenting backward. Body
slender, flattened below ; tail long, covered at its extremity with minute trape¬
zoidal scales ; body and tail covered with smooth imbricated scales above and
below: their posterior margin is convex, and they have a striated appearance,
each scale having from two to five whitish striae; the striation on the under sur¬
face ; is quite remarkable ; a single scale in front of the anus. There are twenty
longitudinal rows of scales around the body. Tongue oval, covered with nu¬
merous small papillae, slightly bifid at its extremity. Marginal teeth very

(>5

1852.]

small ; no teeth in the palate, which is also without a longitudinal groove ; no
meatus auditorius externus visible.

Coloration _ Above dark chestnut color, the edges of the scales bordered with

ash color, giving the whole a tesselated appearance ; under part of abdomen and
tail same color, but brighter ; chin, snout, upper and under jaw yellow.

Dimensions.— Length of head 4 lines, greatest breadth 2 lines. Length of
head and body 5 inches (Fr.) ; of tail 2 inches 4 lines.

Geographical distribution. — Liberia, West Coast of Africa.

General Remarks. — This animal has a general resemblatice to the Acontias
meleagris of Cuvier, the only species of Acontias hitherto described, but it
differs from it in many important particulars, several of which beeome evident
even upon a superficial examination. Thus it is only necessary to compare the
plates of the head with the figure of them given in the fifty-eighth plate of Du-
meril and Bibron, to perceive at once that it is not the same animal. The A. me¬
leagris is also larger, measuring 9f inches (Fr.) ; but the tail is nearly an inch
shorter, measuring 1£ inches. It differs also in having an inferior eyelid, which
elegans has not; and in the form of the eye, which in meleagris resembles a
longitudinal slit, but which in elegans is circular. The longitudinal fissure in the
posterior part of the rostral plate is straight in meleagris, in elegans it is
curved; meleagris presents a longitudinal groove in the palate, elegans has
none ; the scales upon the body are hexagonal in meleagris, in elegans they
are trapezoidal. The number of rows of scales differs in the two animals. In
the one there are but fourteen, in the other twenty.

The species of reptiles just described, with a beautiful specimen of Onycho-
cephalus Liberiensis, were presented to the Academy by Dr. Henry A. Ford of
Liberia, the gentleman to whom we are also indebted for the magnificent skele¬
ton of Troglodytes gorilla, the largest known Troglodyte.

The Committee on the following paper by Dr. LeConte, reported in
favor of publication in the Proceedings :

Remarks on some Coleopterozis insects collected by S. W. Woodhouse , M. _D., in
Missouri Territory and New Mexico.

By John L. LeConte, M. D.

The collection of insects made by Dr. Woodhouse, to whom science is so
much indebted for extensive researches on the natural history of the regions
west of the Mississippi, consists chiefly of species from the boundary of the
tract of land which the liberal policy of our Government has set apart for the
Creek Indians, and were procured while he was attached to a surveying party
under Capt. Sitgreaves, of the Topog* Corps. The bulk of the collection made
in Texas and in New Mexico, has unfortunately been lost in the acccidents to
which the traveller is so frequently subjected in those wild and dangerous
regions. The few, however, that remain, are of such interest as to cause us
doubly to regret the destruction of the rest, and fervently to hope that the in¬
dustry of future travellers may soon repair these unavoidable losses.

1. Cicindela cuprascens subelongata, subcylindrica, capite thoraceque
fusco-aeneis, hoclateribus leviter rotundatis tenuiter albo-pubescente, impression-
ibus transversis profundis, linea longitudinali tenui, elytris thorace sesqui latiori-
bus dense punctatis cupreis, macula basali, margine toto laterali, striga obliqua
subhumerali, apice hamata, faspia media elongata valde refracta intus dentata,
lunulaque apicali ochroleucis dilatatis, apice oblique sinuatis acutis, serrulatis ;
trochanteribus posticis testaceis ; labro albo, transverso, edentato. Long. *4 — *53.

Cicindela blanda var. /2. Lee. Ann. Lyc. 4, 180.

I found several specimens of this elegant species on the Arkansas river, and
have heretofore considered it as a variety of C. blanda Dej. After further ex-

66

[April,

amination I am convinced that it must be considered as distinct. It is closely
allied to C. blanda, but is less elongated in its form, and the elytra, although
cylindrical, are not so convex. The labrum is short, and, as in C. blanda, the
teeth of the anterior edge are obsolete ; the palpi are pale, with the tips brassy
green. The thorax is very finely, not densely wrinkled ; the sides are more
rounded than in C. blanda, although as in that species, they are less convex in
the female. The elytra are of a brilliant copper-color, more coarsely and dense¬
ly punctured than in C. blanda. The markings are as in C. blanda, but very
broad, and the upper part of the medial fascia is less tortuous. The elytra of
the female is strongly excised on the outer edge near the tip, precisely
as in C. blanda. The body beneath is greenish bronze, covered with fine dense
white hair ; the posterior trochanters are testaceous.

The insect that I have considered as C. blanda var, y must also be separated
as a distinct species under the name.

C. t a r s a 1 i s , elongata, vix cylindrica, fusco-picea opaca, thovace lateribus
rotundatis, utrinque leviter constricto, breviter albo pubescente, elytris ochreis,
sutura antice lineolisque obliquis fuscis, apice oblique attenuatis serrulatis ;
labro transverso, edentato ; tibiis testaceis trochantibus posticis flavis, tarsis pos-
ticis longissimis. Long. *48.

One male, Canootche river, Georgia. The diagnosis enables this species to
be distinguished from the preceding and from C. blanda. The color is dull,
without any metallic gloss. The elytra are less cylindrical and less convex, and
the markings are so broad that the interstices between them are reduced to nar¬
row fuscous lines ; the punctures of the dark parts of the elytra are large and
dense, but not deep. The tibiae are pale, with the tip darker ; the posterior tarsi
are more than one-fourth longer than in C. blanda. The body beneath is black,
covered with short, dense white hair.

2. Cicindela cumatil is Lee. Ann. Lyc. 5, 173.

A variety of this beautiful species was found with the spots much larger than
in the type, so that the medial band attains the margin, and is only interrupted
on the disc : the spot anterior to the apical lunule is also enlarged, and there is
a very minute white humeral dot.

‘3. C i cin d e 1 a n. sp.

A very small species, probably allied to C. germanica, indicated only by a
single elytron. The markings are so different from any other species within
our territory, that a description of even this fragment will enable the species to
be easily recognized.

The color is brownish black, without metallic lustre ; the surface is sericeous
with fine granulations ; the punctures are distant, large and deep ; the humeral
lunule is very narrow ; the oblique posterior part is curved ; the margin is
white, interrupted only at the apical lunule ; the anterior band perpendicular,
and united to the margin externally, descending slightly at its inner part, and
terminating in a small spot near the suture ; the margin along the apical lunule
is finely serrate, and obliquely attenuated almost to the tip, which is very
suddenly rounded, and almost truncate ; the suture is armed with a very mi¬
nute spine.

4. Lachnophorus elegantulus Man. Bull. Mosc. 1843, p. 43: ibid
184G, p. 7.

Tachypus medio si gnatus Menetries, Bull. Soc. Petrop. 1843. This pretty
little insect seems to have a very extensive distribution. I found it in abun¬
dance on the banks of the Gila near the Pimas villages. Dr. Woodhouse
took it on the Creek Boundary, and Mr. Pease brought a specimen from
Mexico.

5. Chlosnius vafer, nigro piceus, capite cyaneo, thorace cyanescente,
latitudine breviore, antrorsum angustato et lateribus rotundato, subtiliter obso¬
lete punctato, elytris thorace latioribus dense punctulatis, et pubescentibus,
striis fere ad apicem fortiter punctatis, antennarum basi pedibusque ferrugineis.
Long. *45.

67

1852.]

Creek Boundar}r. This species is allied to C. tricolor, nemoralis, vicinus, &c.,
but the punctures on the thorax are very small and almost obliterated. Ihe
labrum is wide, scarcely emarginate ; the head is bright blue, very finely punc-
tulate and wrinkled ; the thorax is blueish, wider than long, at the apex nar¬
rower than at the base; very much rounded on the sides anteriorly ; the base
is truncate ; the angles obtuse, not rounded ; the disc scarcely convex, finely
and very obsoletely punctured ; the basal impressions long and shallow. The
elytra are wider than the thorax, dull black ; the striae are deeply punctured
nearly to the tip ; the interstices are slightly convex, and very finely punc¬
tured. The first three joints of the antennae, the palpi and the legs are ferru¬
ginous.

6. Euryderus zabroides Lee. An. Lyc. 4, 152, tab. 8, fig. 5.

The genus Eurydera Lap. seems to be founded upon good characters, although

it was for a long time refused by entomologists. Its adoption requires a change
of name for my genus, and in allusion to the singular form of .the anterior tibiae,
I give Nothopus as the new generic name.

7. Calosoma externum. Carabus externus Say. J . Ac. Nat. Sc. 3,
150: Lee. An. Lyc. 4, 445. Calosoma longipenne Dej. Sp. Gen. 5, 568. This
insect after all, seems to be a genuine Calosoma, by the structure of the antennae
and palpi. I have seen specimens without wings, but extensive observation has
convinced me this is to be considered as accidental. Its form is more similar
to Carabus than any other species of Calosoma.

8. Euphoria m e 1 a n c h o 1 i c a Schaum. An. Ent. Soc. Fr. 2d ser. 2,
374. A specimen from New Mexico has the thorax and elytra much less punc¬
tured than the Louisiana specimens, but I can find nothing worthy of being con¬
sidered as a specific difference.

9. Eleodes sulcata, nigra, thorace parvo, ovato, parce punctulato,
basi truncato, elytris ovalibus apice acutis,dorso depressis, postice valde declivi-
bus, profunde sulcato-striatis, sulcis granulatis, femoribus anticis breviter ar-
matis. Long. *75 — *97.

A fine species, abundant in every part of Missouri Territory and easily dis¬
tinguished by its sulcate elytra. Head punctured. Thorax a little wider than
long, rounded on the sides, narrowed behind ; moderately convex, sparsely
punctured, anterior angles prominent acute, base truncate. Elytra more
than twice as wide as the thorax, elongate oval, depressed on the disc,
deflexed at the apex, which is acute ; the lateral margin obtuse ; striae broad,
deep and obtuse, rough with elevated points ; interstices not wider than the
striae, convex, marked each with a single series of distant punctures ; epipleurae
less deeply striate than the disc. Anterior thighs armed with a short, sharp
tooth. The female differs by having the elytra broader and less acute at
the tip.

10. Myodes scaber, ater confertim punctatus, vertice elevato, tho¬
race antrorsum angustato, utrinque truncato, medio obsolete carinato, elytris
parce punctatis, abdomineque flavis. Long. *35.

A very imperfect specimen from the Creek boundary, which is distinguished
from another Southern species having a yellow abdomen, by its much larger
size, more punctured head and thorax, and immaculate black feet. I am in¬
clined to believe that the color of the abdomen is a sexual character as in the
European M. subdipterus.

11. Acmceodera variegata, cupreo-cenea, pilosa, thorace brevi
confertissime punctato, macula laterali lutea, elytris basi minus convexis, fasciis
irregularibus luteis anterioribus confluentibus. Long. *35.

The specimen of Dr. Woodhouse being imperfect, my description is taken from
some collected by Mr. Fendler near Santa Fe.

Body coppery-bronzed, wdth erect brown hair. Thorax very densely and
coarsely punctured, three times as wide gs long, sides rounded anteriorly, al-

10

68

[April,

most parallel behind ; margin behind the middle with a yellow spot. Elytra
less convex at the base than in A. pulchella, with rows of large points, becom¬
ing striae behind the middle ; interstices with a single series of small distant
punctures ; the ordinary yellow bands are more numerous, and those before the
middle are confluent, so only the suture, a large humeral spot and a transverse
spot one fourth way from the base, remain bronzed. The two posterior fasciae
are oblique ; the anterior one of them includes a small marginal spot ; the tip is
yellow. Beneath immaculate, bronzed, punctured. Varies with the anterior spot
of the elytra large and confluent with the suture.

12. Dicerca Woodhousii, aenea, nitida, chalybeo-variegata, tho-
race cribratim punctato, brevi, lateribus valde rotundatis, antrorsum angustato,
angulis posticis rectis, elytris apice integris, seriatim crenatis, maculis irregu-
laribus opacis transversis profunde impressis. Long. *72 — *97.

I take great pleasure in dedicating this fine species, to the enterprising travel¬
ler to whom we owe its discovery.

Body coppery-bronze, varied with bluish reflections, moderately stout and
convex ; head strongly punctured, with three faint confluent elevated lines on
the front, labrum green ; thorax cribrate, more than twice as broad as long, nar¬
rowed in front, very strongly rounded on the sides, narrowed a little towards
the posterior angles, which are rectangular and sharp. Elytra with rows of
large points, and with numerous deep impressed subconfluent spaces, which are
opake, densely punctured and finely pubescent ; tip entire. Legs green bron¬
zed, knees, tip of the tibiae, and tarsi steel blue. Tip of the abdomen of the
male very slightly truncate ; of the female rounded.

13. Pristilophus puncticollis, niger, nitidus, thorace antrorsum
subangustato, lateribus confertim, disco minus dense punctato, elytris crenato-
striatis, interstitiis paulo convexis, distinctius punctulatis. Long. *75 — *9

This species is tolerably abundant in every part of Missouri Territory. It is
closely allied to P. m o r i o Germ. Zeitsch. 4, 85, but the elytral striae are not so
deep, and the interstices are but very slightly convex. Head strongly punctur¬
ed. Thorax longer than wide, somewhat narrowed in front, slightly rounded on
the sides, which are strongly margined ; disc moderately punctured, sides very
densely punctured, scarcely impressed towards the anterior angles, posterior
angles slightly diverging. Elytra as wide as the thorax, striae punctured, not
deeply impressed, intertices scarcely convex, finely and irregularly punctured.

14. Arhopalus charus, Lee. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. 2d ser. 2, 17.
Among those brought by Dr. Woodhouse is a variety, in which the yellow tip
of the elytra is much larger, inclosing a black spot.

The Committee to which was referred a paper by Prof. Baird and
Mr. Charles Girard on the characteristics of some New Reptiles in the
Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, reported in favor of publication
in the Proceedings.

Characteristics of some New Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian

Institution.

By Spencer F. Baird and Charles Girard.

Full descriptions and figures of these species will shortly appear in Capt.
Stansbury’s Report to Congress on the great Salt Lake (Utah.)

Siredon lichenoides, B. — Body uniform blackish brown, covered all over
with licheniform patches of grayish yellow ; snout rounded ; tail compressed,
and lanceolated ; toes broad and short. Caught by R. H. Kern, Esq., in a lake
at the head of Santa Fe Creek in New Mexico.

69

1852.]

Cnemidophorus Tigris, B. andG. — Scales on the subguttural fold small in size;
four yellowish indistinct stripes along the dorsal region. From the Valley of
the great Salt Lake. Collected by Capt. Stansbury.

Crotaphytijs Wislizenii, B. and G. — Head proportionally narrow and elong¬
ated ; cephalic plates and scales on the back very small ; yellowish brown, spot¬
ted all over with small patches of deeper brown or black. Caught near Santa
Fe, by Dr. Wislizenius ; specimens of the same species sent in by Lieut. Col.
J. D. Graham, collected between San Antonio and El Paso del Norte.

Uta (nov. gen.) B. and G. — Upper part of body covered with small scales ; a
pectoral fold of the skin ; auditory apertures ; femoral pores present, whilst anal
pores are wanting.

Uta Stansburiana, B. and G. — Tail slender, elongated and conical, provided
with large scales disposed in verticils ; a subgular fold in advance of the pecto¬
ral one. From the valley of the great Salt Lake ; brought home by Capt. Stans¬
bury.

Sceloporus graciosus, B. and G. — Head subconical ; scales of the back
larger than in any other part of the body ; tail of medium size, slender and
conical. From the valley of the great Salt Lake.

Elgaria scincicauda, B. and G. — This is the Tropidolepis scindcaudus of Mr.
Skilton as published in Silliman’s Journal vii. 1849, 202. The specimen there
described and figured is immature. From full-grown individuals we have
drawn the following characters : Dusky green above, light ash colored below.
Eleven transverse black bands on the back interrupted on the dorsal line, white
dotted on their posterior margin. There are six or more of these bands on the
tail. Thirteen to fourteen rows of scales, all of which well carinated. This
species inhabits Oregon and California.

Plestiodon Skiltonianum, B. and G. — Head small, continuous with the body ;
tail stout, very long and subquadrangular. Olivaceous brown, with one broad
band of black on each side. Inhabit Oregon in company with the preceding.
Collected by Rev. George Geary.

Phrynosoma platyrhinos, G. — Snout truncated, flattened, concave ; nostrils
situated within the internal margin of the superciliary ridge ; occipital and tem¬
poral spines of middle size ; one row of pyramido-horizontal and abdomino-
peripheric scales, smaller than in Phr. Douglassii. Lower surface of head
covered with small and nearly uniform scales ; on the sides and near the neck
a series appears a little more conspicuous, slightly raised and acute. Infra¬
marginal series of plates large, of stout appearance, sharp and acute, above
which two rows of small plates are seen lining the margin of the lower jaw.
Scales of the body of middle size. Femoral pores very conspicuous, but more
apart than in Phr. Douglassii. The lower surface of the body is unicolor.
From Great Salt Lake ; collected by Capt. Stansbury’s party.

Phrynosoma modestum, G. — Snout truncated, flattened, but not concave.
Nostril openings situated within the internal margin of the superciliary ridge.
Occipital and temporal spines but little developed. No pyramido-horizontal
scales at the periphery of the abdomen. Lower surface of head covered with
minute, generally uniform, scales. Row of inframarginal plates resembling
that in Phr. platyrhinos , above which, however, one single series of smaller
plates is observed, lining the margin of the lower jaw. Scales on the belly pro¬
portionally larger than in any other species, smooth, subquadrangular or trape¬
zoidal. Femoral pores conspicuous, the series from right and left meeting on
the middle line of the belly and forming a curve, the convexity of which is
turned backwards towards the vent ; the lower surface of the body is unicolor.
Brought from the valley of the Rio Grande west of San Antonio, by Gen.
Churchill, and from between San Antonio and El Paso del Norte, by Lieut.
Col. J. D. Graham.

70

[April.

Churchillia (nov. gen.) B. and G. — Three pairs of frontal plates, one more
than in Coluber and Tropidonotus ; a very small loral, and several small post¬
orbitals. Scales carinated.

Churchillia bellona, B. and G. — Body yellowish, with a series of large sub-
hexagonal patches of brown bordered with black, and two or three rows of
smaller patches on the sides ; a brownish black band across the eyes from top of
head to the angle of the mouth. Collected by Gen. Churchill on his march
along the Rio Grande in 1846.

Coluber mormon, B. and G. — Posterior frontal plates very large ; vertical
plate long and narrow on its middle ; eyes very large. Found in the valley
of the Great Salt Lake by Capt. Stansbury.

Heterodon nasicum, B. and G. — Numerous minute frontal plates instead of
two large pairs ; two brown stripes over the head ; temporal patches very broad.
Collected in Texas by Gen. Churchill.

The Committee to which was referred a paper by Dr. Leidy, entitled
“On the Osteology of the Head of the Hippopotamus and a description
of the osteological characters of a new genus of Hippopotamidae/' reported
in favor of publication in the Journal.

ELECTION.

The following gentlemen were elected Members of the Academy, viz. :

J. C. Trautwine, Esq. ; J. Forsyth Meigs, M. D. ; Jacob G. Morris,
Esq.; Rev. Henry W. Ducachet; Frederick A. Genth, M. D. ; Elias
Durand, Esq.; J. M. Allen, M. D.; James Aitken Meigs, M. D. ;
William Camac, M. D.; Mr. Henry J. Boiler; Mr. George Meager; all
of Philadelphia.

5

V

18r>2.]

71

May kill, 1852.

Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair.

Letters were read :

From Commander H. F. Adams, U. S. N., dated Philadelphia,
April 20th, 1852, addressed to Dr. Ruschenberger, acknowledging the
receipt of a copy of his “Notice of the Academy of Natural Sciences,”
and expressing his desire to further the objects of the Institution,
during his connection with the projected U. S. Expedition to the East
Indies.

From Dr. Wm. F. Daniel, dated London, March 12th, 1852, accom¬
panying the donation of a copy of his work on the Diseases, &c., of
Western Africa.

Dr. LeConte presented a communication intended for publication, en¬
titled, “Synopsis of the Anthicites of the United States.” Referred
to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Henderson and Dr. Hallowell.

Dr. Leidy called the attention of members to two crania of extinct species of
Ox. One is the original specimen described by Dr. Wistar in the Transactions
of the Am. Phil. Soc.,and afterwards named Bos bombifrons by Dr. Harlan. The
second specimen was found on the shore of the Arkansas river, and was brought
to this city by Mr. Thomas Kite, of Cincinnati. It is remarkable for the very
large process crowning the top of the head, resembling a thick exostosis. Dr.
Dekay has described a fragment of the same species,* and referred it to the Bos
Pallasii, from which it is, however, very distinct. Dr. L. stated that this fossil,
as well as that described as Bos bombifrons, were remarkable for the possession
of large larmiers or lachrymal depressions, as in the deer ; and if these are pos¬
sessed by the Ovibos moschatus, the two fossils would belong to the same genus
as Ovibos bombifrons and O. cavifrons ; but if they are not possessed by Ovibos,
as is stated to be the case by Desmarest, the two latter species would form a new
genus, for which the name Bootherium is proposed.

May 11 th.

Major John LeConte in the Chair.

Letters were read :

From the Smithsonian Institution, dated Washington, April 14,
1852, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings of the Academy,
Vol. vi. No. 1.

From Prof. A. Retzius, dated Stockholm, Oct. 16, 1851, accompany¬
ing his donation of works announced this evening.

From the Rev. Dr. Ducachet, dated May 5, 1852, acknowledging the
receipt of his notice of election as a Member.

Mr. Langstroth, referring to the specimens of Honey Ant presented by him
this evening, remarked that they were obtained by his brother in the vicinity
of Matamoras, Mexico. He had learned that a part of the colony are incapable
of locomotion, and are used as living repositories for the surplus honey of the
colony, which in time of need answer the purpose of the full honey-combs of
the bee.

* An. Lyc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 2, p. 280, pi. vi.

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA. — VOL. VI. NO. III.

12

72

[May,

Dr. Leidy remarked that the honey was contained within the stomach, which,
with the abdomen, was enormously distended, assuming a globular condition.
The pergamentaceous segments are widely separated and appear as black bands
upon the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the translucent abdomen. The thorax
and head are about two lines long ; the distended abdomen 4^ lines in diameter.
All the other viscera of the abdomen are completely obliterated, and even the
tracheal vessels have entirely disappeared, which is an important physiological
fact, as by the supply of oxygen being cut off, none of the koney is consumed
in the process of respiration. On the outside of the basement membrane of
the stomach, is a single layer of branching fibres, (muscular ?) The striped
muscular fibres connecting the abdominal segments together, are collected in
very thin bands with wide intervals, and are exceedingly elongated.

A paper by Dr. Wcodhouse was presented, entitled “ Description of a
new species of Lepus ” (L. larreae,) and intended for publication ; which
was referred to Dr. Fisher, Dr. Watson and Dr. Zantzinger.

Also a second paper by the same, describing a new species of Ecto-
pistes, (E. marginella,) which was referred to the same Committee.

Mr. Lea read a paper entitled u Description of a fossil Saurian of the
New Red Sandstone of Pennsylvania, with some account of the Forma¬
tion ;” which being intended for publication in the Journal, was
referred to Mr. Aubrey H. Smith, Mr. W. P. Foulke, and Mr. Yaux.

May 18 th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the Trustees of the New
York State Library, dated Albany, May 12th, 1852, acknowledging the
receipt of the Proceedings, Vol. vi. No. 1.

Mr. Lea read a paper intended for publication in the Journal, u On
some new Fossil Molluscs in the Carboniferous Slates of the Anthracite
Seams of the Wilkesbarre Coal Formation,” which was referred to Dr.
Wilson, Dr. D. D. Owen and Dr. Leidy.

Dr. Owen read a paper entitled “Notice of a Mineral from Califor¬
nia,” which being intended for publication in the Proceedings, was re¬
ferred to Dr. C. M. Wetherill, Mr. Yaux and Dr. Band.

Dr. Bridges read some additions to a paper lately presented by Mr.
C. Girard, on the North American Astaci ; which were referred to the
Committee on the former portion of the paper.

May 25 th.

The President, Mr. Ord, in the Chair.

The Committee on Mr. Dana’s continuation of his descriptions of the
Crustacea of the Exploring Expedition, reported in favor of publication
in the Proceedings :

1852.]

73

Conspectus Crustaceorum, fyc. Conspectus of the Crustacea of the Exploring

Expedition under Capt. Wilkes , U. S. N.. including the Crustacea Can-

CROIDEA CoRYSTOIDEA. By JAMES D. DANA.

I. CRUSTACEA CANCROIDEA.

A synopsis of the genera of Cancroidea — the Cyclometopa of Edwards — in¬
cluding their arrangement into families and other groups, has been published by the
writer in the American Journal of Science, 2d ser., vol. xii, p. 121. The follow¬
ing pages contain descriptions of the new species in the Expedition collections,
arranged in accordance with the classification explained in that paper. The
distinctive characters of the genera will there be found, both of those of other
authors, as far as accepted, and those here instituted.

Fam. I. CANCRULE.

Subfam. CANCRINA).

Genus Cancer, Leach, (Platycarcinus, Edw.')

Cancer magister. — Carapax nudus, granulatus, paulo convexus, superficie
paulo undulatus, lateraliter triangulatus et acutus, margine postero-laterali fere
recto, antero-laterali 10-dentato, dentibus paululo prominentibus, margine
dentis postero longissimo et fere recto, subtiliter crenulato, dente ultimo
triangulato; fronte inter-antennali 3-dentato; articulo antennarum externarum
lmo apicem crasse producto. Pedes antici subaequi, manu supra cristata, multi-
dentata, extus costatd, digito mobili supra denticulato. Pedes 8 postici valde
compressi, tarso paulo lato, articulis supra granulatis, 4to supra canaliculajo,
tarso articuloque 5to pedis 5ti infra bene ciliatis. Articulus maxillipedis externi
3tius oblongus, apice externo oblique truncatus. Hah. portu “ San Francisco.”
Long, carapacis 41", lat. 7".

Cancer gracilis. — Carapax nudus, partim minute granulatus, valde convexus,
non distincte areolatus, superficie non undulatus, lateraliter triangulatus et
acutus, margine postero-laterali fere recto, antero-laterali 9-dentato, dentibus
regularibus, acutis, paulo prominentibus, dente lmo vix longiore quam 2dus,
totis margine postero fere rectis et longis et subtiliter denticulatis, fronte inter-
antennali 3-dentato. Maxillipedes externi pubescentes, articulo 3tio apicem
externum valde arcuato aut rotundato, margines apicalem et externum longe
ciliato. Pedes antici subaequi, manu soibcristata, crista 1 — 2-dentata, superficie
externa costata. 'Pedes 8 postici nu'di, tarso longo, tenuissimo, nudo. Hab.
portu “ San Francisco.” Long, carapacis 13"', lat. 19'".

Subfam. XANTHINJE.

Genus Liomera, Dana.

Carpilio , aspectu, pedibus nudis quoad margines obtusis antennisque similis.
Carapax valde transversus, subellipticus, lateribus rotundatis, margine antero-
laterali non breviore quam postero-lateralis, fronte brevissime bilobato. Ramus
maxillipedis primi internus non lobatus, apice fere rectus. Pedes usque ad
tarsos nudi. An Carpilius cinctimanus , White, hie pertinet ?

Liomera lata. — Carapax nitidus, valde transversus, transversim bene
ellipticus, antice versus marginem anticum subareolatus, in medio areolis in-
conspicuis ; fronte brevi, perpendicnlariter deflexo, superne viso fere recto et
super orbitas vix saliente, leviter emarginato ; margine antero-laterali crasso et
crasse rotundato, 4-lobato, lobis 2do 3tio 4toque validis, rotundatis, 3tio majore.
Pedes antici aequi, mediocres, manu laevi, digitis brevibus. Hab. ad insulas
“Feejee.” Long, carapacis 7'", lat. 13F".

Genus Actaia, ( DeHaan ) Dana.

Actjea areolata. — A. hirti^simo vel specioso affinis. Carapax latior, valde
transversus, infra omnino brevissime hirsutus, supra omnino areolatus, sub-

7-1

[May,

tilissime hirsutus, pilis vix longioribus quam granuli, areola 2M* subdivisa,
ejus parte extern^ etiam partim subdivisa, 3M tripartita, IP tripartita ; margine
antero-laterali longo, leviter 5-lobato, postero laterali brevi, valde concavi.
Pedes brevissime hirsuti ; antici subaequi, granulosi, manu carpoque paulo
nodosis, digitis striatis, scabris, brevissime hirsutis, bene triangulato-dentatis.
Pedes postici gfanulosi, dense brevissimeque hirsuti. Hab. freto “ Balabac.”
Long, carapacis 5.9"', lat. 9. S3'".

Act,ea cellulosa. — Carapax antice posticeque male areolatus, omnino cellu-
losus, nudus, margine antero-laterali imperfecte 3 — 4-lobato et cellulis excavato,
margine postero-laterali perbrevi et concavo. Pedes antici subaequi, manu
carpoque superficie cellulosis, manu extus infraque subtiliter villosa, digitis
scabris, etiam villosis. Pedes 8 postici cellulis excavati, breves. Hab. ad
insulam “ Tutuila ” Samoensem. Long, carapacis 3 lat. 4.3///.

Genus Xantiio.

$ubgenus Xantho.

Articulus antennarum externarum lmus orbitae fissuram internam fere implens,
articulum sequehtem medio gerens. Corpus bene transversum, margo antero-
lateralis ab angplo orbitae incipiens.

1. Pedes 8 postici cristati. ■

Xantho nitidhs. — Carapax laevis, paulo nitidus, antice partim leviter areolatus,
areolis 2M 5L 6L postice vix circumseriptis ; fronte fere recto, non emarginato,
margine antero-laterali leviter 3 — 4-lobato, lobis subtriangulatis, angulo orbitali
externo non saliente. Pedes antici subaequi, inermes, fere laeves (subtilissime
corrugatae,) tfianu bene cristata, digito mobili subcristato et deute basali magno
carente. Pedes 8 postici bene cristati, fere nudi, marginibus integris, apice
margineque inferiore articuli 5ti brevissime hirsuti-villosis, tarso supra infraque
etiam villoso. Hab. juxta insulas “ Yiti ” vel “ Tonga. v Long, carapacis
3.2"', lat. 5'".

Xantho superbus. — Carapax paulo convexus, antice sed non medio areolatus,

* Areolae carapacis normales dentesque sic nobis deominati.

F. Regio Frontalis. — IF, areola praefrontalis ; 2F, post-frontalis.

M. Regio Mediana. — 1M, areola praemediana; 2M, extra-mediana ; 3M,
intra-mediana vel gastrica ; 4M, post-mediana.

P. Regio Posterior. — IP, areola cardiaca; 2P, intestinalis.

L. Regio Antero-lateralis. — Areolae sunt normales, 1L,2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L.
R. Regio Postero -lateralis . — Areolae sunt normales, lR, 2R, 3R.

O. Regio orbitalis.

Dentes normales antero-laterales numero quinque sunt et designati D, E, N,
T, S. Alter dens supplemental^ pone S, s denominatus et alter inter dentes
D et E, d. Vide “ Amer. Journ. Sci.” [2], vol. xi, p. 95.

1852. [

75

areolis 3M 4M 5L 6L fere coalitis et postice vix circumscriptis, sulcis anteriori-
bus villosis ; fronte paulo sinuoso, emarginato ; margine antero-laterali crasse
4-dentato, dentibus duobus anticis rotundatis. Pedes cristati, manu extus
subseriatim minute tuberculata, supra valde cristata ; pedibus posticis quoad
margines dense hirsutis, tarso villoso. Hab. ad insulam “ Raraka ” archipelagi
Paumotensis. Long, carapacis 13'"; lat. 21"'.

2. Pedes 8 postici non cristati.

Xantho dispar. — Carapax fere planus, ellipticus, latere rotundatus, non
nitidus, antice non bene areolatus, prope marginem impressus, margine antico
areolarum 1M 2M paulo impresso, lineis duabus regionem antero-lateralem
intersecantibus ; fronte fere recto, non producto, margine antero-laterali cras-
siusculo, subacuto, fere integro, levissime trilobato, lobo antico (DEN respon-
dente) plus duplo longiore quam 2dus (T) angulo post-orbitali non saliente.
Pedes antici valde inaequi, manu supra late, rotundata, corrugata et partim
granulosa, digito mobili non canaliculato, dente magno basali. Pedes 8 postici
breves, subnudi, articulis 4to 5 toque supra granulosis, 5to tarsoque minute-
villosis. Hab. portu “ Rio Janeiro.” Long, carapacis 5I'" ; lat. 8|'".

Xantho minor. — X. parvulo, affinis. Carapax antice areolatus, areolis leviter
elevatis, 2M 3M 5L 6L postice circumscriptis, 2M cum ruga transversim divisa ;
fronte fere recto, leviter emarginato ; margine antero-laterali tenui, 4-dentato,
dentibus tribus posticis subtriangulatis. Pedes antici mediocres, carpo manuque
supra paulo granulosis, manu extus leviter granulato-costata et supra sulcata,
digito mobili cum dente magno basali non armato. ’ Pedes 8 postici sparsim
pubescentes. Hab. insulam Madeira vel “ Cape Verds.” Long, carapacis 2.1"',
lat. 3.1"'

Subgenus Paraxanthus, Lucas , (D’Orb. S. A. p. 18;)

Hie refer emus Xantho sexdecimdentatum , Edw. et Lucas, (D’Orb. S. Ame¬
rica, tab. 7, p. 2,) fronte, ac in Paraxantho , horizontaliter producto, lateribus
rotundatis et expansis, abdomine angusto, articulo antennarum externarum lmo
brevi.

Subgenus Euxanthus, Dana.

Articulus antennarum externarum lmus orbitae fissuram internam ad sumraum
implens, cavitate in ejus apicis latere antico articulum proximum gerente.
Margo antero-lateralis sub orbita antice productus.

Euxanthus sculptilis. — Carapax antice postieeque profunde areolatus, areola
2M bipartita, ejus partibus transversim subdivisis, totisque areolis plus minusve
rugatis aut incisis ; fronte inter-anterinali bilobato, paulo prominente, mar<nne
orbitae sub antenna saliente ; margine antero-laterali 6 — 7-dentato, dentibus5 sat
crassis, pyramidicis, obtusis. Pedes antici aequi, carpo crasse nodoso, manu
supra tuberculata, extus costata, digito mobili supra denticulato. Pedes postici
mediocres, articulo 3tio granuloso, 4to 5toque supra rugatis aut tuberculosis
tarso villoso. Abdomen valde areolatum. Hab. archipelago Yitiensi (Feejee)
vel Tongensi. Long, carapacis lla'", lat. 17a'".

Euxanthus nitidus. — E. sciilptili quoad pedes anticos et posticos marginem
carapacis antero-lateralem frontemque similis. Carapax omnino valde areolatus
areolis plerisque levibus, interdum leviter rugatis, angulo orbitae externo tenui
et non tuberculifermi nec angulato. Hab. ibid. Long, carapacis 9'" ; lat. 14"'.

Subgenus Xanthodes, Dano.

Articulus antennarum externarum lmus brevis, processum frontis oblongum
attingens tantum. Carapax saepe angustior, saepe Pilurmio paulo similis,
lateraliter angulum ad dentem S habens, et non rotundatus ac in Paraxantho. ’

Xanthodes granoso-manus. — Carapax laevis, prope margines anticum et
antero-lateralem granulosus, antice parce areolatus, areolis 2M 3M postice
saepius vix circumscriptis, 4L 5L 6L coalitis et postice non circumscriptis ;
fronte fere recto, emarginato, margine antero-laterali non tenui, 5-dentatol,

76

[May,

dentibus sat isolatis, vix acutis, D vix prominente, E parvulo et granuliformi.
Pedes antici fere aequi, manu supra rotundata, supra infraque granulosa, extus
late costata, costis granulosis, carpo granuloso, digitis canaliculatis. Pedes
postici fere nudi, articulis 4to 5toque supra granulosis, tarso brevissime villoso.
Hah. ad insulas Samoenses (c< Navigators ”) quoque credimus Tahitienses
(“Society”) et Paumotenses. Lo?ig. carapacis 41'" ; lat. 61'".

Xanthodes nitidulus. — Carapax laevis, nitidus, antice partim areolatus,
areolis lM 2M 3M vix discretis, 2L 3L extus abruptis, 2L cum4L 5L 6L saepius
coalitis hisque postice non bene circumscriptis, 3L circumscripta; fronte leviter
arcuato, emarginato ; margine antero-laterali 4-dentato, dente D obsolete, denti¬
bus ENTS subconicis, subacutis, nitidis. Pedes antici paulo inaequi, inermes,
laeves, manu supra obtusa, prope marginem supernum uni-canaliculata ; carpo
prope articulationem apicalem paulo excavato. Pedes 8 postici margine superno
articulorum 3tii 4ti 5tique valde hirsuti, tarso hirsuto, articulo 3tio supra non
denticulato. Hah. archipelago Paumotensi. Long, carapacis 5'"; lat. 7§///.

Xanthodes notatus.- — Carapax antice bene areolatus, areolis planis, fere
laevibus et subtilissime erosis, sulcis abruptis, fronte fere recto, emarginato ;
margine antero-laterali 5-dentato, dente D fere obsoleto, E N tuberculiformibus,
T S acutis et spiniformibus. Pedes antici valde inaequi, manu carpoque pedis
majoris minute tuberculatis, manu infra laevi, nitida, manu carpoque pedis
minoris spinulis dense armatis. Pedes 8 po'stici hirsuti, articulo 3tio supra den
ticulato. Hah. ad insulas Paumotenses yel Tahitienses ; quoque insulas
Hawaienses. Long, carapacis feminae ovigerae 3§r// ; lat. 51'".

Genus Panop^eus, Edwards .

PANOPiEus lasvis. — Carapax laevis, vix nitidus, non bene areolatus, fronte fere
recto, non producto, minute emarginato, margine antero-laterali tenui,
4-lobato, lobis 2do 3tioque bene dentiformibus et acutis, margine eorum postico
arcuato, 4to angustiore. Pedes antici valde inaequi, inermes, supra rotundati,
manu laevi, extus paulo nitida, digito mobili laevi, dente magno basali carente.
Pedes 8 postici tenues, marginibus pubescentibus, articulo 3tio fere nudo. Hah.
- ? Long, carapacis 5a lat. 71".

G-enus Medjeus, Dana.

Carapax angustus, paulo transversus. Orbitae margo inferior externusque
dentibus tribus instructus. . Frons sat brevis. Margo carapacis antero-lateralis
suh orbita productus. Articulus antennae externae lmus orbitae fissuram fere
implens ac in subgenere Xantho. Abdomen maris 5-articulatum, segmento
ultimo brevi. Pedes antici crassi.

MedjEus ornatus. — Carapax paulo transversus, profunde areolatus, areolis
asperatis prnecipue in parte anteriore, nec 2M nec 3M subdivisa, margine antero-
laterali 5 — 6-dentato, dentibus D d E NT S designatis, scabris, orbita 4 denti¬
bus circumdata ; fronte producto, latiore, bene emarginato, lobis margine
concavis. Pedes antici aspere tuberculato, manu tuberculis asperatis fere
oblongis et non acuminatis armata, digitis asperatis. Pedes postici pubescehtes,
articulo 3tio supra spinuloso. Hah. prope insulam “ Lahaina ” Hawaiensem.
Long, carapacis 5.1'''; lat. 1'".

Subfam CHLORODIN^h
Genus Etisus, Leach.

Etisus deflexuS. — Carapax leviter bene areolatus, laevis, fronte inter-anten¬
nal i 4-lobato, tenui, valde deflexo, setigero, margine antero-laterali 5-dentato,
dentibus subacutis, 2do minore. Pedes antici sat longi, manu carpoque extus
supraque bene granulosis, digitis laevibus ; reliqui angusti, valde pilosi. Abdo¬
men maris 5-articuIatum eoque levimani simile. Hah. archipelago Vitiensi.
Long, carapacis 6'" ; lat. 9J///.

Etisus levimanus, Randall , (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii. 115,)-ad in¬
sulas Vitienses et Hawaienses lectus. Long, carapacis 19'", lat. 31"'.

1852.]

77

Subgenus Etisodes, Dana.

Etiso differt brachio parce exserto, carapace angnstiore et non lateraliter pro¬
ducts, forma Xantho simili et non Cancro uti in Etiso.

Etisodes frontalis. — Carapax vix nitidus, minus transversus ; antice areo-
latus, postice planus, areolis fere planis, areola 2M simplice ; fronte producto,
horizontali ; margine antero-laterali 5-dentato, dentibus subtriangulatis, dente
posteriore (S) minore. Pedes antici inermes, in anu supra non laevi, digito
mobili supra fere 3-carinato, carpo granuloso, prope articulationem manus pro-
minente. Pedes 8 postici paulo pubescentes, articulo 3tio inermi. Dab. mari
Suluensi. Long, carapacis 3'" lat. 3V">

Etisodes clelatus.— Carapax valde convexus et areolatus, areolis tuberculi-
formibus, parce granulosis, areola 2M longitudinaliter subdivisa, 3M tripartita,
4M tripartita, IP et 2P tvalde^ disjunctis et bene circumscriptis, transversis ;
fronte inter-antennali 4-lobato, lobis externis parvulis, non salientibus ; margine
antero-laterali 5-dentato, dentibus obtusis. Pedes antici sat crassi, carpo tubei-
culoso, manu extus seriatim spinulosa aut spini-tuberculosa, digito supra spinu-
loso. Pedes reliqui compressi obsolete pubescentes, marginibusque valde
hirsuti. Abdomen feminae 7-articulatum. Dab. ad insulam “ Wakes,5’ maris
Pacifici. Long, carapacis 10'" ; lat. 14//.

Genus Zozymus, Leach. (.Egle, Be Haan.)

Atergati Acteceque differt pedibus 8 posticis cristatis.

Zozymus g^mmula. — Carapax nudus, non granulatus, nitidus, antice bene
areolatus, areolis paulo monticulosis, 1M 2M discretis, 2M subdivisa, fronte
fere recto, emarginato, margine antero-laterali tenui, leviter 4-lobato, lobis tribus
posticis fere aequis. Pedes antici aequi, non carinati, manu carpoque tuberculatis,
tuberculis cum granulis acervatis instructis ; manu extus partim seriatim granu-
lata. Pedes 8 postici bene carinati, carina articulorum 3tii 4tique prope apicem
profunde incisa, tarso sparsim hirsuto. Dab. mari Suluensi. Long, carapacis
2*6',/; lat. 3-9'".

Zozymus laevis. — Carapax latus, laevis, paulo nitidus, areolis plerisque obso¬
lete, 2L et 1M prominulis, margine antero-laterali dilatato et tenui, obsolete
2 — 3-lobato, dente nullo. Pedes antici aequi, inermes, manu lata, supra rotun-
data, digito mobili valde uncinato. Pedes postici subcristati, fere nudi. Dab.
freto “ Balabac.” Long, carapacis 5* V" ; lat. 9

Genus Carpilodes, Dana.

Carapax latus, undique convexus, nudus, marginibus crasse rotundatis. Pedes
nudi, fere laeves et subcylindrici. Aliis Zozymo similis. Carpilio Liomereegue
habitu affinis sed digitis cochleariformibus differt.

Carpilodes tristis. — Carapax latior, late subrhombicus, laevis, non nitidus,
antice sat areolatus, areolis lM 2M conjunctis, 2L 3L conjunctis, 4L 5L 6L
conjunctis; fronte brevi, fere recto, levissime emarginato; margine antero-
laterali 4-lobato, lobis rotundatis ; latere postero-laterali recto, convexo. Pedes
antici aequi, breves et parvi, nudi et inermes, laeves. Pedes postici vix com¬
pressi, nudi. Dab. archipelago Paumotensi? Long, carapacis 6-15'"; lat. KPS'".

Genus Acta:odes, Dana.

Carapax postice fere planus, versus margines anticum antero-lateralemque cur-
vatim declivis. Digiti instar cochlearis excavati. Pedes 8 postici articulo 3tio
non cristati. Typus Zozymus tomentosus. Actaea differt, digitis plus minusve
cochleariformibus.

1. Carapax sive Icevis sive vix granulatus , nee tomentosus .

Act^odes areolatus. — Carapax bene areolatus, laevis, areola 2M simplice,
1R 3R discretis, IP vix circumscripta; margine frontali fere recto, emargi¬
nato; margine antero-laterali 5-dentato, dente 5to parce minore. Pedes antici
aequi, manu extus parce rugata, digitis canaliculatis, 2 — 3-dentatis, digito mobili

78

[May,

valde uncinato. Pedes postici paulo nudi, articulis compressis, 3tio supra fere
acuto. Hab. insulam “Raraka ” Paumotensem. Long, carapacis 2£/// ; lat. 3' ".

Actjeodes faba. — Carapax transversim ellipticus, valde convexus, non granu¬
losus, antice bene areolatus, regione postica simplicissima, cum regione postero-
laterali coalita, areola 2M fere bisecta, areolis 2L 3L coalitis, superficie areo-
larum plana; fronte inter-antennali fere recto, medio parce emarginato, margine
antero-laterali parce expanso, 5-angulato aut obsolete 5-dentato. Pedes antici
mediocres, carpo manuque subtiliter erosis et interdum areolatis, digitis inermi-
bus. Pedes 8 sequentes fere nudi, compressi, articulo 3tio supra paulo carinato,
articulis 4to 5toque paulo granulosis. Abdomen maris 5-articulatum, femince
7-articulatum, nudum praeter marginem ciliatum. Hab. ad insulas “Cape
Verdes. ” Long, carapacis 3\'" ; lat. 5"'.

Act;£Odes bellus. — Carapax latior, antice bene arcuatus, non nitidus, laevis,
antice et lateraliter subtilissime granulosus, antice areolatus, sulcis angustis,
areolis lM 2M conjunctis, 4L 5L 6L regioneque postero-laterali totis con-
junctis ; fronte fere recto, emarginato ; margine antero-laterali crasso, 4-lobato,
lobis 3 posticis dentiformibus, obtusis. Pedes antici aequi, manu supra rotundata,
extus subtiliter granulosa, granulis partim seriatis, digitis canaliculatis, carpo
intus obtuso. Pedes 8 postici sat compressi, fere nudi. Hab. ad insulas Samo-
enses, quoque insulam “ Wakes.” Long, carapacis 3%"'’, lat. 5%'".

2. Carapax granulatus aut tomentosus .

AcTiEODES affinis. — A. tomentoso areolis affinis, areola cardiaca fere bisecta.
Carapax paulo angustior, minutius granulosus, parce tomentosus. Margo antero-
lateralis 4-dentatus. Digiti manus spinulosi, spinulis majoribus quam in tomen-
toso et paucioribus. Maxillipedes externi nudi, laeves. Abdomen sparsim pubes-
cens. Hab. ad insulas Tahitienses. Long, carapacis 5h'" ; lut. TV". Granulae
in dimidio utroque areolae cardiacae numero 40; sed tomentosi ferme 12.

Actteodes speciosus. — Carapax paulo angustior, undique granulosus, fere
nudus, pilis interstitialibus brevioribus quam granuli, antice bene areolatus,
suleis perangustrs, subtiliter tomentosis, areolis planis, areola 2M partim sub¬
divisa, 3M tripartita, margine antero-laJ:erali bene 4-lobato, postero-laterali con-
cavo, brevi. Pedes toti omnino granulosi et fere nudi, marginibus non ciliati,
manu carpoqde superficie irregulariter areolatis ; manu granulis seriatis extus
ornata, digitis perbrevibus, instar cochlearis male excavatis, digito mobili clauso
fere verticali, articulo 4to pedum 2di 3tii 4tique superficie tripartito.. Hab. ad
insulas Samoenses. Long, carapacis 3%'" ; lat. 5'".

AcTiEOUEs cavipes. — Carapax latior, infra omnino villosus, supra fere nudus,
granulosus, omnino areolatus, sulcis nudis aut vix tomentosis, areolis minute
granulosis, valde convexis et paulo irregularibus, 2M subdivisa, 3M tripartita,
margine antero-laterali irregulariter 5-dentato. Pedes granulosi, antici subaequi,
manu carpoque partim granulosis et superficie cavernosis, manu extus seriato-
granulosa, subtiliter tomentosa, digitis male excavatis, scabris, striatis, partim
subtiliter tomentosis ; postici paulo hirsuti, articulis 4to 5toque supra valde
cristato, crista integra, lunulata, sublaterali, hac crista et margine pedis superno
cavitatem grandem includentibus. Hab. ad insulas Vitienses et Samoenses. Long.
carapacis 5'"; lat. 11'".

Act^odes spongiosus. — Carapax postice vix areolatus, areola 2M subdivisa,
superficie, sulcis exceptis, breviter et rigide velulina, aspectu spongiosa ; margine
antero-laterali simplicissime 5-dentato, dentibus gracilibus, acutis. Pedes bre¬
viter rigideque pubescentes, antici paulo armati. Hab. mari Suluensi. Long.
2¥" ; lat. 3¥".

Genus Chlorodius, Leacli.

Subgenus Chlorodius.

Carapax transversus. Articulus antennarum externarum lmus fissuram orbitae
fere implens.

1852.]

79

1. Carapax aiitice posticeque areolatus , areola 2 M bipartita . Articulus pedum

posticorum 3 tins superne spinulosus.

Chlorodius monticulosus.— C. utigulato affinis, areolis valde distinctis, mar¬
gin? antero-laterali 5-dentato, fronte inter-antennali 4-lobato, pedibus 8 posticis
paulo pubescentibus et supra spinulosis. Areola 2M decomposita, 4L plus
minusve divisa. Pede3 antici tuberculis parvulis subacutis armati, digito mobili
inermi. Segmentum abdominis maris penultimum parce oblongum. Hab. ad
insulas Vitienses, Tahitienses, Samoenses, et in freto “ Balabac.” Long, cara-
pacis 8'" ; lat. Mb'". T. ungulati tuberculi manus obtusi, areolaeque carapacis
vix decompositae.

2. Carapax antice areolatus, postice planus aut imperfecte divisus , areola 2 M non

subdivisa. Pedes antici inermes ; articulus pedum 8 posticorum 3 tuts supra non

spinulosus.

Chlorodius nudipes. — Carapax non nitidus, antice bene areolatus, postice fere
planus, areola 2M non omnino divisa, 3L 4L sejunctis, IP 2P coalitis aut
vix sejunctis, fronte emarginato, juxta antennas saliente, margine antero-laterali
10 — 11-denticulato, uno dente pone S. Pedes toti nudi; antici crassi, manu car-
poque supra subtiliter exesis, carpo spina brevi intus armato. Pedes 8 postici
sat breves, articulo 3tio dorsum non acuto. Hab. ad insulam “Mangsi,” freti <c Ba¬
labac.” Long, carapacis ; lat. 7 Y".

Chlorodius sanguineus, Edwards. — Hab. ad insulas Vitienses, Paumotenses,
Hawaienses. Margo antero-lateralis 7-dentatus, dente uno pone S.

Chlorodius exaratus, Edw. — Hab. mare Pacifico. Margo antero-lateralis
5 — 6-dentatus, dente pone S carens. Hie pertinet Chlorodius Floridanus ,
Gibbes, (Proc. Amer. Assoc, iii. 175,) insula “ Key West1” lectus.

Chlorodius gracilis — C. sanguineo affinis. Carapax non nitidus, antice
areolatus, postice non areolatus, sulcis non profundis, areolis 2R 3R non dis¬
crete, margine antero-laterali 5-dentato, dentibus bene regularibus. Manus car-
pusque crassi, laeves, nec rugati nec exesi. Pedes 8 postici compressi, inermes,
pubescentes. Hab. ad insulam c< Wakes.” Long, carapacis 5"' ; lat. 7 V".

Chlorodius nodosus, D. — Etisus nodosus, J. W. Randall , (Jour. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philad. viii. 111.) — Sanguineo ferme affinis; sed pedes 8 postici fere nudi,
margine articuli 3tii antico omnino nudi ; tarsus superne nudus ; carapax super-
ficie punctatus ; et areola 2M depressione V-formi antice notata.

Chlorodius cavipes. — Carapax non nitidus, latere rotundatus, superficie
antice areolatus, areolis partim granulosis et imbricato-granulosis ; fronte fere
recto, emarginato, margine antero-laterali crassiusculo, 8 — 9-dentato, dentibus
D, d, E, E', N (vel N, N',) T, S, s, totis parvulis, D vix saliente. Pedes antici
imequi, valde granulosi et corrugati, manu infra breviter villosa et granulosa,
digito mobili canaliculato, supra denticulato: Pedes 8 postici paulo asperati,
articulo 3tio breviter pubescente, 4to bene bicristato, cristis tenuibus cavitatem
elongatam includentibus, 5to tarsoque omnino breviter hirsuto, tarso brevi. Hab.

? Long, carapacis 1"' ; lat. lO^"'.

3. Carapax postice non areolatus antice vix areolatus9 fere planus aut paulo con-

vextts , 5 ii 6L mmquam circumscriptis .

Chlorodius cytherea. — C. nigro affinis. Carapax fere laevis, areolis media-
nis indistinctis, antero-lateralibus melioribus, angulatis, margine antero-laterali
5-dentato, dentibus N T subacutis, E S minoribus, T valde prominentiore quam
S ideoque carapacis latitudine T majore quam latitudo S. Pedes antici ac in
C. nigro, digitis nigris, fere contiguis. Pedes 8 postici inermes, margine pu¬
bescentes. Hab. ad insulas Paumotenses, Tahitienses et Hawaienses. Long.
carapacis 3p"; lat. 51"'. C. nigro differt, dente S multo minus prominentiore
quam dens T ; dente E distincto, dentibus quinque conspicuis ; areolis 1L 3L 4L
plus angulatis et non laevibus, nec cum dentibus bene continuatis ac in nigro.

An. C. hirtipes , Adams et White, (Crust. Samarang p. 40, tab. 11, f.4,) C . nigro
differt.

13

80

[May,

Chlorodius nebulosus. — C.nigro affinis. Carapax laevis, antice obsolete areo¬
latus, fronte parce emarginato, regione antero-laterali 4-dentato (D, N, T, S,)
dentibus tribus posticis acute spiniformibus. Pedes antici subaequi, sat breves,
brachio paululum saliente, carpo subtiliter granulato, intus acuto aut subacuto,
manu compressa, laevi, digitis paulo canaliculatis. Pedes postici mediocres,
paulo pubescentes. Hab. mari Suluensi. Long, carapacis 2*2/// ; lat.'W".

Chlorodiu§ Lssvissnius. — C . nigro affinis. Carapax perlaevis, nec ad medium
nec versus latera areolatus, margine antero-laterali 4 — 5-dentato, dentibus N et
T paulo remotis, E saepe obsoleto, S minore, T et S obtusis, carapacis latitudine
T majore quam latitudo S. Pedes antici longi, pervalidi, laeves, digitis multo
hiantibus. Pedes 8 postici paulo pubescentes. Hab. ad insulas Hawaienses.

Subgenus Pilodius, Dana .

Pilumno aspectu fere similis ; pedibus antennisque Clilorodio affinis.' Arti-
culus antennarum externarum lmus brevior, processum frontis oblongum attin-
gens ac in Xanthode. Articulus maxillipedis externi 3tius paulo transversus,
subrectangulatus. Chlorodius pihimnoides, White, hie pertinet.

Pilodius pubescens. — P. pilumhoidi similis. Carapax breviter pubescens,
antice leviter areolatus, margine antero-laterali simplicississime 5-dentato, den¬
tibus tenuibus, acutis. Pedes antici validi, minute tuberculati et pubescentes,
digitis subspinulosis, brachio antice dentigero. Pedes 8 postici pilosi, articulo
3tio supra spinulosp. Hab. freto Balabac. Long, carapacis 3f///; lat. 5¥".

Pilodius nitidus. — Carapax bene nitidus, antice optime areolatus, areolis pie-
risque superficie planis, 1R 2R sulco discretis, areola lR 2 3ve tuberculis antice
ornata; margine antero-laterali bene 5-dentato, dentibus duobus posticis acutis.
Pedes antici spinis valde armati, digito mobili prope basin interdum spinuloso,
carpo duabus spinis tenuibus acutis intus armato. Pedes 8 postici pubescentes,
articulo 3tio supra armato. Hab. ad insulam “ Tutuila ” Samoensem. Long, cara¬
pacis 3 \m\ lat. 6"'.

Pilodius pugil. — P. nitido affinis. Carapax paulo nitidus, antice areolatus,
postice fere planus, areolis 5L 6L discretis, 1L 2L 3L subconicis, lR 2R paulo
discretis ; margine antero-laterali 4-dentato, dente E fere obsoleto, dentibus tri¬
bus posticis valde acutis. Pedes antici validi, manu carpoque bene tuberculatis,
tuberculis plerumque conicis, manus minoris spiniformibus, angulo carpi interno
duabus spinis tenuibus acutis armato, brachio apicem anticum spinoso. Pedes
postici pilosi, articulo 3tio supra armato. Hab. ad insulas Samoenses ; quoque
in freto “ Balabac Long, carapacis 2¥" ; lat. 4'". Anvar, vitidi.

Pilodius scabriculus. — Carapax fronte latus, antice leviter areolatus, paulo
scabriculus, areolis 1L 3L 4L subacutis et scabriculis, margine antero-laterali
fere longitudinali, 4-dentato (dente E fere obsoleto), dentibus tribus (N T S)
acutis, spiniformibus. Pedes antici fere aequi, manu carpoque subtilissime tuber¬
culatis, tuberculis partim seriatis, digitis canaliculatis, paulo scabriculis, articulo
3tio antice denticulato. Pedes postici sparsim pubescentes, articulo 3tio supra
minute spinuloso, tarso longo. Hab. in freto “ Balabac quoque insula “ Ra-
raka” Paumotensi. Long, carapacis 1*7'", et lat. 2-6/// ; alterius long . 2§///, et
lat. 4"'.

Subgenus Cyclodtus, Dana.

Chlorodio affinis, carapace angustiore, suborbiculato, articulo maxillipedis ex¬
terni 3tio subtriangulato, paulo transverso, latere interno brevissimo. Articulus
antennarum externarum lmus orbita fissuram fere implens, ac in Chlorodio ,
Pilodio dissimilis.

Cyclodius ornatus. — Carapax nudus, parce nitidus, antice postieeque valde
areolatus, areolis saepe compositis, 2M subdivisa 3M tripartita; margine antero-
laterali 5-dentato, dentibus tumidis, apiculatis, dente E minore, rotundato, D ob-
tuso. Pedes spinulis armati, 8 posticis parce pubescentibus, manu seriatim
spinulosa, digitis spinulosis. Hab. mari Suluensi. Long, carapacis 3i'"; lat 4\'".

CyclOdius gracilis. — C. ornato aspectu areolisque similis. Parce latior, den¬
tibus antero-lateralibus tribus posticis tenuioribus et bene acutis, areolis vix

1852.]

81

compositis, 2M subdivisa, 3M vix tripartita. Pedes armati, 8 postieis paulo
pubescentibus, manu seriatim spinulosa, digitis spinulosis. Hab. ad insulas
Samoenses. Long, carapacis 3"' ; lat. 4'".

Subfam. POLYDECTINiE.

Genus Polydectus, Edwards.

Polydectus villosus. — Carapax pedesque densissime villosi, pilis plumiformi-
bus, fronte margineque antero-laterali integris. Digitus mobilis paris antici
duabus spinis elongatis remotis armatus, et alter spinis tribus. Antennae exter-
nae fronte vix longiores, flagello 10-articulato. Hab. ad insulam “ Raraka ”
Paumotensem. Long, carapacis 4"'.

Fam. ERIPHIDiE.

Subfam. OZIN^E.

Genus Galene, De Haan .

Galene hawaiensis. — G. natalensi ferme affinis. Pedes 8 postici sat graciles,
articulo 3tio supra paulo pubescente, sequentibus pubescentibus. Margo antero-
laterali 4-dentato, dentibus 2 anticis obtusis, anteriore marginem paulo excavato.
Hab. ad insulas Hawaienses. Long, carapacis 7F"; led. 10$'". An. varietas
nutalensis , Krauss (Crust. Siidaf. p. 31, tab. 1, f. 4.)

Genus Pseudozius, Dana.

Carapax plus minusve transversus, margine antero-laterali breviore quam pos-
tero-lateralis. Articulus antennarum externarum lmus angustus et brevis, frontem
non attingens (eoque Menippi affinis.) Area praelabialis linea elevata utrinque
bene divisa (eoque Ozio affinis.) Digiti acuminati.

Pseudozius planus. — Carapax latus, lasvis, fere planus, non areolatus, anfice
prope marginem leviter impressus : fronte fere recto, paulo emarginato, margine
antero-laterali paulo acuto, fere integro, levissime 4-lobato, margine postero-
laterali paulo recto. Pedes antici paulo inaequi, laeves et nudi, caipo non rugato,
manu supra rotundata, digitis sat longis, non canaliculatis, digito mobili prope
basin armato cum dente crasso obliquo. Pedes postici fere nudi, tarso hirsuto.
Hab. ad insulas Paumotenses ; quoque ad insulam Wakes.” Long, carapacis
5-5'"; lat. 9'".

Pseudozius inornatus. — P. piano carapace affinis. Carapax paulo latior,
prope marginem anticum abruptius impressus, margine antero-laterali distinctius
4-lobato. Pedes antici inaequi, carpo leviter rugato. Pedes postici latiores, arti¬
culo penultimo supra sparsim hirsuto, tarso hirsuto. Hab. ad insulas Hawaien¬
ses. Long, carapacis feminae ovigerae 6t'"; lat. lip".

Pseudozius dispar. — Carapax angustus, laevis, paulo nitidus, omnino usque ad
frontem nec areolatus nec inaequalis, fronte fere recto, leviter emarginato ;
margine antero-laterali levissime 3-dentato, dentibus non salientibus. Pedes an¬
tici inaequi, major crassus, laevis, nudus, manu supra rotundata, manu minore
minute tuberculata, tuberculis partim paulo seriatis. Pedes postici fere nudi,
paucis pilis sparsis. Hab. in mari Suluensi. Long, carapacis feminae ;
lat. 4"'.

Genus Pilumnus, Leach.

Pilumnus globosus. — Carapax valde convexus, subglobosus ; parce trans¬
versus, non areolatus, vix granulosus, breviter pubescens, fronte emarginato,
margine antero-laterali fere integro, dentibus minutis tribus vel quatuor granuli-
formibus, isolatis. Pedes antici crassi, inaequi, omnino hirsuti et minute tuber-
culati, tuberculis nullis seriatis. Pedes 8 postici omnino hirsuti. Hab. ad
insulam ct Tahiti ; ” quoque insulas “ Waterland ” et “ Raraka.” Long, cara¬
pacis 5h"'i lat. 6%'".’

Pilumnus levimanus. — Carapax convexiusculus, non areolatus, antice vix
laevis, fronte emarginato ; margine antero-laterali 3-dentato angulo orbitae ex

82

[May,

terno vix prominente excluso, dentibus minutis, non acutis. Pedes antici valde
inaequi, carpo obsolete tuberculato, manu majore crassa, nuda, laevi, extus non
costata, minore hirsuta et minute tuberculata. Pedes 8 postici partim hirsuti.
Hab. in f'reto Balabac. Long, carapacis maris 3"'; lat. 3-9'".

Pilumnus l^evis. — F. levimano affinis, latior. Carapax omnino laevis, nitidus,
non areolatus, convexiusculus ; fronte emarginato ; margine antero-laterali 3-
dentato, dentibus minutis spiniformibus, posteriore minimo, angulo orbitae exter-
no non prominente. Pedes antici valde inaequi, carpo laevi, non obsolete tuber¬
culato, manu majore omnino laevi, minore sparsim hirsuta, non tuberculata.
Pedes 8 postici tenues, paulo hirsuti. Hab. in freto “ Balabac.” Long, cara¬
pacis feminae 2*1/"; lat. 2*95'".

Pilumnus calculosus. — Carapax convexiusculus, antice non areolatus, paulo
inaequalibus et pubescens, fronte emarginato, margine antero-laterali perbrevi,
4-dentato, dente postico minimo, ceteris crassiusculis ; margine orbitali inferiore
3-dentato. Pedes antici subaequi, carpo tuberculis paucis grandibus elongatis
nudis complanatis armato et, inter hos tuberculos hirsuto, manu supra quoque
armata. Pedes 8 postici hirsuti, articulis 4to 5toque supra gibbosis. Hab. ad
insulam Madeira (?) Long, carapacis 3 \'n \ lat. 4|"'.

Pilumnus tenellus. — Carapax pedesque toti snbtilissime tomentosi. Carapax
convexiusculus non areolatus, fere quadratus, paulo transversus ; fronte emargi¬
nato; margine antero-laterali perbrevi, 3-dentato, dentibus minutis spiniformi¬
bus, posteriore minimo. Pedes antici non tuberculati, 8 postici longi et per-
tenues, filiformes, tarso subtilissime pubescente. Hab. mari Suluensi. Long.
carapacis 2-4'" ; lat. 3"'.

Pilumnus mus. — - P.ursulo affinis, carapace pedibusque dense crasseque lanatis,
capillis longis tubulatis. Carapax parce granulatus. Frons fimbria longa orna-
tus. Margo antero-lateralis crasse tridentatus, dente altero brevi inter duos
anteriores infra insito. Pedes antici inaequi, manu minute tuberculata, tuber¬
culis superficei externae seriatis. Hab. ad insulas Samoenses vel Tongenses.
Long , carapacis lli"'; lat. 16"'.

Subfam. ACTUMNINiE..

Genus Actumnus, Dana .

Carapax angustus, valde convexus, fronte et lateribus curvatim declivis. Area
praelabialis linea elevata longitudinali utrinque bene subdivisa. Articulus an-
tennarum externarum lmus processum frontis oblongutn attingens tantum.
Digiti breves, instar cochlearis excavati.

Actumnus tomentqsus. — Carapax angustus, convexus, subglobosus, subtiliter
tomentosus, antice leviter partim areolatus, fronte emarginato ; margine antero-
laterali leviter 4-lobato, margine postero-laterali concavo, laevi. Pedes antici
crassi, subaequi, subtilissime tomentosi, minute tuberculati, digitis brevibus,
dentibus eorum contiguis et non hiantibus. Pedes 8 postici aeque tomentosi, pos-
teriores paulo dorsales. Hab. ad insulam “ Upolu ” vel “ Tahiti.” Long.
carapacis 4*1'"; lat. 5*1'".

Actumnus obesus. — Carapax maxime convexus, suborbicularis, antice leviter
areolatus, areolis planis, granulosis, 2M non subdivisa, granulis nudis, interstitiis
et sulcis subtilissime velutinis ; fronte paululo producto, emarginato ; margine
antero-laterali arcuato, fere integro, laevissime 4-lobato, lobis minute denticu-
latis; margine postero-laterali valde concavo. Pedes antici crassi, manu acie
supra instructs, valde granulosd, granulis vix seriatis, superioribus paulo elon¬
gatis et acutis, digito mobili spinuli-granulato, pollice perbrevi. Pedes 8 postici
valde compressi, minute velutini, marginibus hirsutis. Ilab. prope insulam
“Maui” Hawaiensem. Long, carapacis 6^'"; lat. 8£"'.

Subfam. ERIPHIN^l.

Genus Eripiiia.

Erithia scabricula. — Carapax partim scabriculus, areola 3M circumscripta,
2M 1M2F coalitis, non transversim rugatis, regione antero-laterali non areolata ;

1852.]

83

fronte integro, subtilissime denticulato ; margine orbitali, nec infra nec supra
spinuloso, (angulo orbitali excluso.) Pedes antici omnino scabriculi, manu car-
poque pubescentibus, digito mobili cum dente basal i paulo grandi armato. Pedes
antici subtenues, paulo hirsuti. Hab. ad insulas Vitienses et Tahitienses, quoque
in mari Suluensi. Long, carapacis maris 6%'" ; lat. 10'".

Eriphia aemata. — Mediocriter crassa. Carapax antice transversim paulo
rugatus, margine areolarum lM 2M et 5L per rugam granulosam conspicuis,
areola 2L 3L circumscripta, spinosa; fronte paulo deflexo, emarginato, denticu¬
lato, denticulis parvulis conicis, regione orbitali interna 1 — 2-spinosa, ejus mar¬
gine externo 2 — 3-spinoso, margine superno subtiliter denticulato; margine
antero-laterali carapacis subacuto,5-spinoso (spinis orbitae exclusis), spinis acutis.
Pedes antici spinulis valde armati et extus hirsuti, manu majore extus seriatim
spinulosa, infra laevi, digito ejus mobili cum dente magno obliquo infra armato.
Pedes postici hirsuti. Hab. juxta portum “Rio Negro,” Patagoniae Orientalis.
Long . carapacis 9i///; lat. 13I'".

Genus Trapezia, ( Latreille ,) Dana.

1. Later a carapacis inermia.

Trapezia speciosa. — Frons fere integer, versus oculos et ad medium obsolete
emarginatus. Pedes antici subaequi, carpo supra obtuso, articulo 3tio apicem
internum acuto (rectangulato) et marginem internum denticulato, denticulis sub-
quadratis, minutis. Pedes 8 postici toti tenues, articulis 3tio et sequentibus per-
angustis, subcylindricis. Hab. ad insulam “ Carlshoff” Paumotensem. Long.
2¥". Carapax carneus, lineis paucis rubris latissime areolatus.

Trapezia Bella. — Frons subinteger, obsolete sinuosus, crenaturis sex obso¬
lete. Pedes antifti subaequi, nudi, carpo obtuso, articulo 3tio apicem internum
acuto (rectangulato), marginemque regulariter serrulato, denticulatis triangulatis.
Pedes 8 postici graciles, articulis 3tio et sequentibus subcylindricis. Hab. ad
insulam “ Carlshoff.” Long. ^h'". Carapax carneus rubro punctulatus. An
varietas speciosce ?

2. Later a carapacis dente armata.

Trapezia areolata. — Frons sinuosus, angulo orbitae inferiore interno sub-
acuto. Pedes antici mediocres, margine articuli 3tii interno serrato, dente api-
cali curvato, carpo angulum internum acuto. Pedes 8 postici sat breves, sparsim
pubescentes, tarso paulo breviore quam articulus precedens. Carapax colore
brunneo late areolatus. Hab . ad insulam “Tahiti.” Long, carapacis 3J'"; lat.
4///. T. dentata (M’Leay) affinis, an varietas alia. Forsan varietas T. ferru-
ginece.

Genus Tetralia, Dana.

Trapezia affinis. Frons subtilissime denticulatus. Pedes antici breviores,
brachio apicem paulo exserto, pollice valde deflexo ; 8 postici extremitate
breviter unguiculati. Maxillipedes externi margine postico valde obliqui et
non transversi, apicibus internis articulorum 2dorum inter se paulo remotis.
Abdomen maris 7-articulatum. Trapezia differt, brachio longe exserto; pedibus
8 posticis non unguiculatis ; maxillipedibus externis margine postico fere trans-
versis ; fronte leviter 6 — 8-lobato, non bene subtilissime denticulatis. Trapezia
glaberrima , Herbst, et digitalis Edw. verae Tetraliae sunt.

1. Latera carapacis inermia.

Tetralia nigrifrons. — Frons subtiliter denticulatus parce sinuosus, medio
obsolete bilobatus. Pedes antici valde insequi, carpo intus spini-acuto. Pedes
8 postici fere nudi, articulo 3tio paris postici latissimo, sesqui longiore quam
lato, fere triplo latiore quam articulus 5tus. Hab. ad insulam “ Honden ”
Paumotensem. Long. 2 — W". Carapax albus margine antico nigro. Pedes
fusci.

2. Carapacis latus spina armatum.

Tetralia armata. — Frons subtilissime denticulatus, non sinuosus. Pedes
antici inaequi, manu extus prope basin pubescente, carpo spinis duabus intus

8 1

[May,

armato, articulo 3tio prope apicem internum 4 denticulis tenuibus ornato. Pedes
postici mediocres, articulo 3tio paulo angusto. Hab. ad insulam “ Tongatabu.”
Long. 2'".

Genus Quadrella, Dana.

Carapax sat convexus, laevis, subquadratus, margine lateralifere longitudinalis
fronte lato, horizontali, regulariter spinoso, oculis ad angulos insitis. Articulus
antennarum externarum lmus- perbrevis, secundo non- longior, frontem non
attingens, margine orbitae hiatu carenti exclusus. Pedes longi, posteriores
graciles, tarsis unguiculatis.

Quadrella coronata. — Carapax laevis, lateribus paululum arcuatis et medio
uni-spinosis, dentibus frontis sex medianis paulo longioribus externis perbrevibus,
dente infra-orbitali elongato. Pedes antici elongati, manu angusta, triplo longiore
quam eorporis dimidium, inermi, laevi, carpo intus 2-spinoso, brachio ad marginem
anticum bene 7-spinoso. Pedes postici graciles, fere cylindrici, articulis sub-
tilissime pubescentibus, articulo 5to marginibus parce pubescenti, tarso infra
spinuloso. Hab. mari Suluensi. Long, carapacis et lat. Long, manus

5i"'; digiti mobilis 2%'", brachii 31///.

Fam. PORTUNIME.

Subfam. LUPINE.

Genus Lupa, Leach.

Lupa pubescens.— Carapax valde convexus, angustior, subtiliter granulatus,
breviter hirsutus : fronte angusto, dentibus quatuor subaequis, parvulis, dente
praeorbitali prominentioribus, emarginatione mediana profundiore; margine
antero-laterali 9-dentato, dente postico plus duplo longiore. Pedes antico
breviores, non crassiores, hirsuti, brachio antice trispinoso, et apice postico non
armato, manu superne trispinosa, costis valde prominentibus, digito manus
majoris mobili cum dente crasso obliquo basali armato. Hab. ad insulam “Maui”
Hawaiensem. Long, carapacis 13'"; lat. dentibus lateralibus longis inclusis 20'".

Genus Amphitrite, ( De Haan ) Dana.

1. Dens lateralis non elongatus.

Amphitrite speciosa. — Carapax areolatus, parce transversus, nudus, granu¬
latus, fronte inter-antennali 5-dentato, dente mediano minutissimo, triangulato,
proximo non prominente, remotiore prominente, obtuso ; margine antero-laterali
paulo arcuato, 9-dentato, dentibus alternatim paulo minoribus. Pedes antici
sat validi, brachio postice 2-spinoso, antice 4 -spinoso, carpo 2-spinoso, manu
breviore quam latitudo carapacis, 2-spinosa spina anteriore brevissima et vix
conspicua. Areola carapacis cardiaca bipartita ; intestinalis grandis, tripartita,
parte mediana fere lineari. Hab. ad insulas Yitienses. Long, carapacis 87// ;
Vat. m"'.

2. Dens lateralis valde elongatus .

Amphitrite longi-spinosa. — Carapax areolatus, paulo transversus, spina
laterali diametro carapacis non duplo breviore, paulo reflexa, dentibus antero-
lateralibus numero quinque (angulo orbitae excluso), minutis,non contiguis, inter
se subaeque remotis, fronte inter-antennali 4-dentato, dentibus medianis minutis,
exterioribus prominenter triangulatis. Pedes antici mediocres, manu superne
3-spinosa, carpo 2-spinoso, brachio apice externo uni-spinoso, margine antico
3-spinoso. Hab. ad insulas Yitienses. Long, carapacis 3//r ; lat. spinis longis
lateralibus inclusis 6|/// ; long, spinae longae lh'"-

I^TAmphitrtte vigilans. — Carapax areolatus, paulo transversus, granulatus,
spina laterali fere triplo breviore quam latitudo carapacis, dentibus parvulis
antero-lateralibus numero sex (angulo orbitae excluso), quatuor posterioribus,
duobus anterioribus ; fronte 4-dentato, dentibus duobus medianis minutis,
exterioribus prominenter triangulatis. Pedes antici mediocres, manu superne
3-spinosa, carpo 2-spinoso, brachio apice externo uni-spinoso, margine antico

1852. J

85

4-spinoso. Hab. ad insulas Vitienses et Hawaienses. Long, carapacis 7///; lat.
spinis longis lateralibus inclusis 14w.

Genus Carupa, Dana.

Pedes antici sequentibus vix longiores, 2di 3tii 4th, ue longi, gracillimi, tarso
valde tenui, 5ti bene natatorii, tarso elliptico. Articulus antennarum externa-
rum lmus cylindricus, sequenti similis. Carapax transversus.

Carupa tenuipes. — Carapax transversus, non areolatus, laevis, granulatus,
nudus, fronte integro, medium paululo emarginato, margine antero-laterali
7-dentato, dentibus acutis, subaequis, dente 5to minimo ; margine orbitali inferiore
4-lobato. Pedes antici breves, manu non armata, brachio antice 3-spinoso,
spina mediana majore. Pedes sex proximi gracillimi, nudi, tijirso longissimo.
Pedes postici breviores, tarso oblongo, elliptico, apice breviter uni-spinoso. Hab.
in archipelago Paumotensi. Long, carapacis 2£/// ; lat. 3

Genus Thalamita, (. Latr .), DeHaan .

1. Frons subinteger .

Thalamita Integra. — Carapax convexior, glaber, nitidus, regione mediana
lineis elevatis non intersecta, fronte paulo arcuato, lobo praeorbitali longo et
marginem recto, et paululo elevato, margine antero-laterali 5-dentato, dentibus
acutis, 4to minuto. Articulus antennarum externarum lmus praelongus, crista
longa integra. Pedes antici breves, manu nitida, omnino laevi, extus non costata,
superne breviter 3-spinosa, spina una in margine superno ad medium insita,
secundh in linea parallels. externa, tertia juxta basin. Hab. ad insulas Paumo-
tenses et Hawaienses.

2. Frons multilobatus.

Thalamita spinimana. — Carapax valde transversus, regione mediana lineis
elevatis intersecta, margine antero-laterali aeque 5-dentato, dentibus longis,
acutis, curvatis, lobis frontalibus prominentibus, 2do latiore quam 3tius, lobo
praeorbitali elongato et valde prominente. Articulus antennarum externarum
lmus praelongus, crista irregulariter spinulosa. Pedes antici valde armati, carpo
6-spinoso, manu 7 — 9-spinosa (margine superno 4 — 5-spinoso) costis duabus
externis cum spinulis obsoletis seriatis instructis. Hab. archipelago Yitiensi.
Long, carapacis 19/,/ ; lat. 27v//.

Thalamita crassimana.— Carapax valde transversus, laevis, nitidus, regione
mediana 2 lineis elevatis intersecta, fronte recto, lobis latis, perbrevibus,
truncatis, 2do latiore quam 3tius, 3tio rotundato, lobo praeorbitali longo, paululo
prominente, margine antero-laterali 5-dentato, dentibus acutis, 3tio non breviore,
4to brevissimo. Articulus antennarum externarum lmus praelongus, crista
irregulariter divisa. Pedes antici crassi, manu paulo tumida, superne 5-spinosa,
(margine superno spinis duabus medianis armato et apice nulla), extus 2-costata,
superfieie minute tuberculata, carpo 4-spinoso et minute tuberculato, brachio
margine antico 3-spinoso. Hab. ad insulas Vitienses. Long, carapacis 19'";
lat. 27///. Forsan T. pryinna^ DeHaan, (Faun. Jap. tab. i2, f. 1); non T.
prymna, Herb-st et Edw.

Genus Charybdis, DeHaan.

Charybdis orientalis. — Carapax laevis, regione mediana 2 — 3 lineis elevatis
intersecta, fronte arcuato, dentibus valde obtusis, 3tio triangulato, margine
antero-laterali 6-dentato, dentibus acutis, 2do minimo, postremo non longiore.
Hab. ad insulam “ Mindanao ” Philippensem. Long, carapacis 15k"A‘, lat. 22"'.

Charybdis affinis. — C. crucifer ce affinis. Margo antero-lateralis 6-dpntatus,
dente postremo duplo longiore, primo truncato et emarginato. Carapax
superfieie subtiliter velutinus ; frontis dentes subtriangulati, vix acuti. Manus
supra 5-spinosa extus 3-costata ; brachium 3-spinosum, spina inferiore dimidio
breviore. Hab. prope portum “ Singapore.” Long, carapacis 11a"' ; lat. denti¬
bus lateralibus inclusis 173'"-

86

j May.

Genus Lissocarcinus, White.

Ltssocarcinus orbicularis. — Carapax paululo latiorquam longus, levissimus,
nitidus, fronte medio parce angulato, integro, margine antero-laterali tenui, paulo
reflexo, obsolete 5-lobato. Pedes antici perbreves, manu superne bicarinata,
carinis integris, digito mobili supra bene carinato. Pedes 8 postici nudi, articulo
3tio superne obtuso, tarso pedis postici anguste subovato, apicem acuto et inflexo.
Hab. ad insulas Vitienses. Long, carapacis 5'" ; lat. 5%"'.

Fam. PLATYONYCHIME.

Genus Platyonychus, Latreitte.

Platyonychus purpureus, — B. bipustulato affinis. Carapax paulo transversus
(latitudine quarta parte majore) ; margine antero-laterali breviore, crasse
5-dentato ; fronte 4-dentato, dentibus acutis, inter se non aeque remotis, medianis
propioribus. Pedes antici fere aequi, carpo granulis minutis reticulato et scabri-
culo, intus elongate acuto, manu granulis asperata, inferne transversim pliculata.
Pedes postici marginibus dense ciliati, articulo 3tio superne non denticulato, tarso
fere duplo longiore quam lato. Abdomen maris fere lineare, segmento penultimo
basin non latiore. Carapax purpureo punctatus, regionis medianae parte poste-
riore valde purpureus et sublunatus. Hab. juxta port um (( Valparaiso.^ 55 Long.
carapacis 2" 6'"; lat. 3" 4"'.

II. CRUSTACEA CORYSTOIDEA.

Synopsis Generum Familiarumque Corystoideorum in Amer. Jour. Sci., Ser.
2da, v. xiii. p. 119, auctore edita, q. v.

Fam. TFICHOCERIM;.

Trichqcera oregonensis. — Carapax transversus, convexus, gibbosus, granu¬
losus, antice lateraliterque bene arcuatus, angulo laterali vix instructus, margine
lateral! (postero-laterali incluso) 13-dentato, dentibus regularibus, brevibus ;
margine postero-laterali recto ; fronte inter-antennali brevi, recto, medium non
emarginato. Pedes antici crassi, manu perbrevi, alta, superne minute tubercu-
lata, extus laevi et obsolete 5-costata. Pedes 8 postici pubescentes. Hab. freto
Pugettensi Americae occidentalis. Long, carapacis 8^'" ; lat. 11"'.

Fam. THIIDiE.

Genus Kraussia, Dana.

Kraussia rugulosa, Platyonychus rugulosus Krauss (Siidaf. Crust, p. 26,
tab. 1, f. 5) ad insulas Hawaienses lecta.

Fam. CORYSTIDJE.

Genus Telmessus, White.

Telmessus serratus, White, in freto Pugettensi Americae occidentalis lectus.

Genus Gomez A, Gray.

Gomeza serrata. — Carapax subovatus, scaber, breviter hirsutus, rostro apicem
truncato, margine juxta apicem utrinque inciso, lateribus acute 5-serratis,
serratura 4ta fere mediana, quoque subtilissime denticulatis. Pedes marginibus
pubescentes. Hab. mari prope Patagoniam orientalem. Long, carapacis IF".

1852.]

87

The Committee on the following paper by Mr. Charles Girard, of
Washington, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings :

A Revision of the North American Astaci , with observations on their habits and
geographical distribution.

By Charles Girard.

According to recent investigations,* the crawfishes or Astaci, have been dis¬
tributed into several genera : thus, the genus Astacus proper includes all the
species of Europe and Asia, and two of Australia ; the genus Astacoides is com¬
posed of two species — one from Madagascar and another from Van Diemen’s
Land ; the genus Cheraps comprehends three species peculiar to New Holland ;
the genus Engceus embraces two species confined to Van Diemen’s Land ; and
finally, the genus Cambarus includes the American species : one from Chili,
another from Cuba, two from Mexico and six from the United States.

Investigations of a still more recent date,f the results of which have not yet
been given to the scientific world, refer to the genus Astacus a species from the
Columbia river, thus giving again that genus to North America.

At the request of Dr. Baird, we have examined critically the Astaci preserved at
the Smithsonian Institution, collected chiefly by himself. Our researches have
made us acquainted with several new species within the limits of the United
States, and which we now characterise briefly, deferring to another opportunity
more full descriptions, accompanied with necessary graphic illustrations.

First group.— Rostrum subquadrangularly elongated, terminated anteriorly by
three conical and acute spines, the two lateral smaller than the middle one,
which forms the tip. Extremity of the anterior pair of abdominal legs (in the
male) straight and acute.

1. Cambarus pellucidus, Erichs. Arch. f. Naturg. 1846, i. 95.

Astacus pellucid us , Tellk. in Mull. Archiv, 1844, 383.

Locality. — Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, (Tellkampf, &c.)

2. Cambarus affinis, Erichs. Arch. f. Naturg. 1846, i. 96.

Astacus affinis , Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. i. 1817, 168 and 443. —
Harl. Med. and Phys. Res. 1835, 230, fig. 2.

A. Bartonii, M. Edw. Hist. Nat. Crust, ii. 331.

A. limosus, Rafin. Amer. Month. Mag. ii. 1817, 42.

Localities. — Schuylkill, at Reading (Baird), Delaware (Say and Rafinesque).

3. Cambarus oreganus, Erichs. Arch. f. Naturg. 1846, i. 375.

Astacus oreganus , Rand. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. viii. 1, 1839,
138, PI. vii.

Locality. — Columbia River (Nuttall).

4. Cambarus Pealei, Girard. — Differs from C. affinis. in having longer anten¬
nae, and a broader area between the dorsal lines of suture of the carapace. The
lateral spine of the rostrum are also much less developed. The color is green¬
ish brown above, with small green dots on the claws, and sometimes on the
cephalo-thorax. A green line or narrow band is observed along the outer edge
of the big claws, the tips of which, as well as the tips of the other legs, are
orange, preceded by a deep green, almost black circle or ring. On each articu¬
lation of the tail there is a double, irregular and transverse blood-red band,
which extends to the lateral appendages of the caudal rings. Underneath, the
body is whitish and rusty.

Locality. — Potomac, at Washington (D. C.)

• Erichson (W. F.) Uebersicht der Gattung Astacus. — Wiegm. Archiv fur
Naturgeschichte, 1846, i. 86.
f Proc. Acad. Nat Sc. Philad. vi. 1852, 20.

14

88

[JIay,

5. Cambarus rusticus, Girard. — Rostrum narrower than in both C. affinis
and C. Pealei , and besides, concave on the sides. Terminal point shorter than
in either of the preceding species ; anterior pair of abdominal legs (in the male)
elongated, slender, with their tip curved inwards, whilst the same tips are
straight in C. affinis, and twisted in C. jpellucidus . The dorsal area is broader
than in C. Pealei.

Locality. — The Ohio, at Cincinnati.

6. Cambarus prorinquus, Girard. — Closely allied to C. affinis, from which
it differs, as well as from C. Pealei , by a proportionally shorter rostrum, and
from C. rusticus by a much broader one. The area between the dorsal sutures
of the carapace is still broader than in either C. affinis , C. Pealei or C. rusticus.
There are also differences in the structure of the anterior pair of abdominal legs
of the male.

Localities.— Lake Ontario, four miles from the shores, opposite to Oswego,
found in the stomach of Lota maculosa ; Garrison Creek, Sackett’s Harbor ;
Four-mile creek, Oswego (Baird).

7. Cambarus fossor, Girard. — Astacus fossor, Rafin. Amer. Month. Mag. ii.
1817, 42.

This species we have not seen, but if Rafinesque’s description is correct,
“ rostrum short, one toothed on each side, ’’^there can be no hesitation in referring
it to this group. He further states that its vulgar name is “ burrowing lobster,”
and that “ it burrows in meadows and mill-dams, which it perforates and da¬
mages.” This would indicate habits similar to a species of the second group,
which we*describe hereafter, under the name of C. diogenes. We cannot help,
however, from expressing some apprehension that on the examination of au¬
thentic specimens from the same localities whence Rafinesque had obtained his,
the rostrum should be fouqd without lateral tooth, in which case the C. fossor
might not differ from our C. diogenes.

Localities. — Virginia, Pennsylvania and New York (Rafinesque.)

Second group. — Rostrum generally broad, conical and short, with margins
entire and toothless, terminated anteriorly by an acute and comparatively short
point. Anterior pair of abdominal legs (in the male) recurved on their extremity,
the tip of which is rounded,

8. Cambarus Bartonii, Erich. Arch. f. Naturg. 1846, I, 97.

Astacus Bartonii , Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. 407. — Latr. Gen. Cr. and Ins. v,
240. — Bose, Hist. Nat. Cr II, 62, pi. II, fig. 1. — Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc.
Philad. I, 1817, 167 and 443. — Harl. Med and Phys. Res. 1835, 230, fig. 3. —
Gould, Rep. Inv. Mass. 1841, 330. — De Kay, N. Y. Fauna VI, 1844, 22, pi.
viii. fig. 25.

Astacus ciliaris , Rafin. Amer. Month. Mag. II, 1817, 42.

Localities. — Foxburg, Carlisle and Berwick (Pa.) ; New York (De Kay) ; Mas¬
sachusetts (A. A. Gould). Brooks near Fishkill, Newburg, &c. (Rafinesque.)

9. Cambarus carolinus, Erich. Arch. f. Naturg. 1846, I, 96.

Astacus affinis , M. Edw. Hist. Nat. Cr. II, 332.

Localities. — Carolina (Erichson) ; Anderson, S. C.

10. Cambarus' montanus, Girard. — Antennae more elongated and more fili¬
form than in C. Bartonii. Rostrum intermediate in shape between the latter
and C. carolinus , being proportionally longer than in C. Bartonii and shorter and
less tapering than in C. carolinus. Dorsal sutures of the carapace more apart
than in both of the latter species.

Localities. — Within the Alleghany ranges in Virginia and Maryland : tributaries
of James river in Rockbridge Co. (Va.) ; Shenandoah river in Clarke Co. (Va.),
and Cumberland (Md.) of the hydrographical basin of the Potomac ; Sulphur
Spring, Greenbrier river, an affluent of Kenhawa river (Va.) of the Ohio basin.

11. Cambarus diooenes, Girard. — Rostrum proportionally the most elongated
and the most conical amongst all the species of this group. Dorsal lines of

1852.]

89

sutures of the carapace almost contiguous. Body uniform yellowish brown above
and below, greenish on the sides and on the claws, the tips of which are red.

This species, like C . fossor, burrows in the meadows. Such places we have
visited in the neighborhoods of the city of Washington, in order to study its pe¬
culiar habits. The holes, as they appear at the surface of the ground, are nearly
circular, from seven-tenths of an inch to one inch and one inch and a half in
diameter. The depth of the burrows varies according to the locations ; this, we
generally found to be from sixteen inches to two feet, and sometimes to three
feet and more. The construction of the burrow itself is often exceedingly
simple : from the surface of the grouud the excavation exhibits a gradual slope, in
direction more or less undulating for a distance from five to ten inches, when it
becomes vertical for six or eight inches, and then terminates jn a sudden bottle¬
shaped enlargement in which the animal is found. The bottom of the burrow
having no subterraneous communication, no other issue except towards the sur¬
face; it is entirely isolated from its neighbors, and leaves no chance for escape
to its inhabitant. The same burrow may have several external holes connected
with it, several inclined channels, which, however, meet at the depth ivhere it
becomes vertical. We found constantly the cavity full of water, but this was in
March and April; the bottom, for several inches, was filled with a soft and pulpy
mud. i

There are other instances of burrows somewhat more complex. Their di¬
rection may be oblique throughout their whole extent, and composed of a series
of chambers or ovoid enlargements succeeding each other at short intervals. Some¬
times also, and connected with one of the chambers, a narrow and nearly vertical
tubuliform channel extends downwards to a much greater depth, and appears to
us as a retreat either during the cold winters or else during the dryness of the
summer, when water is low. That it is not for the mere purpose of escaping
pursuit, we infer from the fact that we repeatedly caught the animals in the
chambers above, where they remained quietly instead of attempting to disappear
into the apartments below.

We generally found a single individual in one burrow, it being either a male
or a female, the latter in March and April, carrying under the tail a bundle of her
eggs. Sometimes, when numerous individuals are gathered on a small space, it
may happen that the windings of the upper part of their burrows will accidentally
meet and have in this case a communication which was not contemplated. Each
individual, however, remains in its own apartment; so at least we constantly
found to be the case.

To accomplish the act of breeding, males and females must come together at
one particular time. In one of the burrows which we examined we found a male
and a female. We are inclined to believe that the male quits its retreat and
goes in search of the female, as one individual of the former sex was found,
at one time, walkipg over the surface of the ground.

In the spring, and we are told in the fall also, the burrowing crawfish builds
over the holes of its burrow a chimney of the maximum height of one foot, but
most generally lower. This chimney, circularly pyramidal in shape, is con¬
structed of lumps of mud, varying in size, irregularly rolled up, and piled up,
one upon , each other, and intimately cemented together. Its exterior has a rough
and irregular appearance ; whilst the interior is smooth and as uniform as the
subterraneous channel, having the same diameter as the latter. The cementing
of the successive balls of mud is easily accounted for when we bear in mind that
the latter are brought up in a very soft state, and that their drainage and subse¬
quent solidification on their exposure to the atmospheric air and rays of the sun,
is all that is required to unite these parts.

The animal works during night. How the work is performed has not yet been
ascertained by actual observations. As to the question of the manner in which
the mud is modelled into rolls or balls, either the tail, or perhaps the big claws
might perform that part of the work. An observation made by John D. God-
man* leads us to suppose that the mud is brought up embraced between the chest
and the large claws. On an examination of these chimneys we detected the

* Rambles of a Naturalist. Philadelphia, 1833, pp. 40, 41.

90

[May,

imprints of the second and third pair of claws, which indicate, evidently, that
the parcels of mud, once brought to the surface in the manner just stated, are ar¬
ranged and fixed in their definitive place by means of these organs.

When the work has thus been carried on towards completion, the last touch
consists in shutting up the aperture. This is accomplished by means of several
balls of mud. brought up from underneath, deposited temporarily on the edge of
the chimney and drawn back in close contiguity, so as to intercept all commu¬
nication with the external world.

The number of such chimneys is sometimes very great in orte particular lo¬
cality, distributed without any geometrical regularity, and recalling to mind the
scattered habitations or village of a newly settled colony.

Whether C. diogenes is to be found in other places besides the meadows,
we are not prepared to state definitively. We have seen localities where the
holes could be traced from the edge of the rivulets to the middle of the
meadows, still, there being no subterraneous communication from one burrow to
the other, the animal, at any rate, would have to crawl out of the water and
walk over land. Colonies of burrowing crawfish are found, we are told, in the
interior of lands, far away from any rivulets or waters, a circumstance which
would lead to the supposition that these at least pass their entire life in such
localities instead of spending one season in the waters and another in dry lands.
For, one fact must be very apparent, the existence of several species of craw¬
fishes with burrowing habits, even in the hypothesis of an identity between
C. fossor and C. diogenes. For we learn from Mr. T. R. Peale, of Washington,
that chimneys of mud, in all points similar to those just described, were ob¬
served by him in New Grenada, along the Rio Magdalena, several hundred miles
from the sea shore, and consequently indicating the presence there of a species
of crawfish which we do not hesitate in pronouncing distinct from C. diogenes.

It remains now to ascertain how many such there are, and whether some of
them are not to be found both in the running waters of the rivulets and in the
meadows.

12. Cambarus longubus, Girard.-^Rostrum of the same proportional length
as in C. diogenes, but it is narrower and slightly concave on the sides. The
dorsal area between the sutures of the carapace is very broad, a character which
at once distinguishes it from the preceding species. From C. Bartonii it differs
by a much more elongated and narrower rostrum.

Locality. — Uncertain; labels having been accidentally lost. Its range, however,
is within the middle States of the Union.

13. Cambarus pusillus, Girard. — Astacus pusillus, Rafin. Amer. Monthly
Mag. II, 1817, 42.

This species comes nearest to C. montanus, but the antennae are still longer and
the rostrum more tapering, and terminated by a more elongated point. The
dorsal area between the sutures of the carapace is likewise narrower.

Localities. — Lake Ontario, three miles from shore opposite Oswego, taken in
the stomach of Lota maculosa (Baird). — Brooks near Saratoga, Lake George,
Lake Champlain, Utica, Oswego, (Rafinesque).

14. Cambarus robustus, Girard. — Differs from C. Bartonii by stouter an¬
tennae, composed of shorter articulations and by proportionally more elongated
and more conical rostrum and a more acute terminal point- From C. pusillus it
is distinguished by having shorter antennae, besides a difference in the shape of
the rostrum. The dorsal lines of suture of the carapace, on the other hand, do
not approximate as much as in C. diogenes, although nearer than in both C. Bar¬
tonii and C. pusillus. It differs from C. longulus by a broader rostrum and a
narrower dorsal area. The anterior pair of abdominal legs in the male, more¬
over, is flattened and twisted.

Locality. — Humber River, near Toronto (Canada).

15. Cambarus Gambelii, Girard.^Antennae, about the length of the body,
from the tip of the rostrum to the origin of the tail. Rostrum proportionally
long and conical as in C. diogenes and C. longulus , but is bordered on each side
with a row of minute and conical tubercles. Anterior claw very stout, bearing

1852.]

91

tufts of fine hairs. Anterior pair of abdominal legs, elongated, resembling some¬
what in shape those of C. robustus , to which it bears a close relationship.

Locality. — California. Collected by the lamented Dr. William Gambel, to
whose memory we inscribe the species. Specimens are deposited at the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

16. Cambarus nebrascensis, Girard. — Rostrum intermediate, in form be¬
tween that of C. robustus and C. diogenes. Dorsal lines of suture of the cara¬
pace in close contiguity. Large claw nearly conical, giving to the species a very
peculiar aspect.

Locality. — Fort Pierre (Nebraska) ; collected in 1850 by Thaddeus Culbertson.

Third Group.— Rostrum very much elongated, conical, tapering, provided on
both sides and rather near the extremity with a small and acute spine, some¬
times, however, but very slightly developed.

17. Cambarus Blandingii, Erichs. Arch. f. Naturg. 1846, I, 98.

Astacus Blandingii , Hard,. Faun. Amer. & Trans. Philos. Sqc. Philad. N. S.
Ill, 1830, 464 ; Med. & Phys. Res. 1835, 229, fig. 1.

Localities. — Marshes and rivulets of Southern States (Harlan) ; Summerville,
S. C. (Girard).

18. Cambarus Clarkti, Girard. — Antennae long and slender, nearly as long
as the body and tail. Rostrum tapering, but very gradually from its base to
the lateral spines, though the terminal point is more elongated than in C. Blan¬
dingii. Anterior pair of abdominal legs terminated by two nearly equal and
rounded tubercles.

Locality. — Between San Antonio (Texas) and El Paso del Norte ; collected by
John H. Clark, Esq., under Lieut. Col. J. D. Graham, late head of Scientific
Corps U. S. Boundary Commission.

19. Cambarus acutus, Girard. — Rostrum proportionally shorter tl^an in both
C. Blandingii and C. acutissiimis ; very broad at its base, and tapering very
suddenly towards its extremity. The lateral spines of the rostrum are scarcely
to be seen in this species ; the tip is likewise very short although very acute.
The structure of the anterior pair of abdominal legs in the male, differs from
that of C. Blandingii and C. Clarkii , by the more slender shape of the termi¬
nating tubercles. The antennae have nearly the same proportional length as in
C. Clarkii.

Locality. — From an affluent of Mobile river in Kemper Co., Miss. ; specimens
received from D. C. Lloyd, Esq.

20. Cambarus acutissimus, Girard. — Rostrum much more elongated than in
any of the species of the same group; very much tapering and very acute, with
slight indications of the lateral spines which are so well developed in C. Blan¬
dingii. The anterior abdominal pair of legs is terminated by a slender and re¬
curved tip.

Locality. — Found with the preceding and sent by the same gentleman to Pro¬
fessor Baird.

The Committee on Dr. Leconte's Synopsis of the Anthicites of the
United States, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings :

Synopsis of the Jlnthicites of the United States.

By John L. LeConte, M. D.

Although it is but three years since M. de la Ferte Senectere published his
very beautiful and elaborate monograph of Anthicus, yet the species known to
inhabit our territory have almost doubled in number. Most of these have been
published by me already in the Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of
New York, and in Prof. Agassiz’s work on the Physical Character of Lake
Superior. The object I had in view in the beginning of my study of this group,

92

[May,

was to make known several species of genera associated by Ferte with the
Anthicites, such as Stereopalpus and Eurygenius ; but after an attentive study
of these genera, I became convinced that they, as well as Macratria,* must be
removed from this group altogether. The two first must be placed among the
Pyrochroites, a synopsis of which will shortly appear. Having also increased
this family by one very distinct genus, I thought that it would be useful to bring
together the descriptions that are now Scattered in several works, into the form
of a synopsis, so that the species being placed in a natural relation with each
other, the characters of each might become more obvious. It is remarkable
that of all the indigenous species, only one (Notoxus monodon) should be com¬
mon to both sides of the continent. Anthicus floralis, found both here and in
Europe, is most probably introduced in articles of commerce. Ferte mentions
its occurrence also in California.

With regard to the affinities of this group I can say but little. Some authors
imagine that there exists a relation between them and the Scydmseni, which,
however, appears rather a resemblance of form, for a certain manner of life,
than a true affinity ; for besides the differences in the palpi and insertion of the
antennae, the prosternum in Scydmaenus is entirely separated from the lateral
inflexed portions of the thorax, while in Anthicus it is all in one piece. The
true affinities appear to be with the Pyrochroites, from which they are dis¬
tinguished only by the form of the parapleurae, which in Anthicus are triangular,
and in Pyrochroites parallel. Other differences are in the neck of Pyrochroites
being less narrow and not so distinctly separated as in Anthicus ; in the antennae
being inserted in front of, and very close to the eyes, which are large and more
or less emarginate, extending far on the under surface of the head, and frequent¬
ly almost uniting on the vertex.

The diagnosis of the present tribe will then be :

Coleoptera heteromera, capite postice valde coarctato , collo distinctissimo ; ocv-
lis integer rimi-s i lateralibus ; mandibulis apice emarginatis ; abdomine 5-articu-
lato , articulis liberis ; parapleuris triangularibzts ; coxis antici-s contiguis ;
unguibus simplicibus.

The native genera are thus related :

A. Antennae articulo lime simplici.

Thorax cornutus ; tarsi articulo 4t0 bilobato . . . Notoxus.

Thorax simplex ; tarsi articulo 4to bilobato ;

antennae moniliatae, femora incrassata . . Tomoderus.

Antennae non moniliatae ; humeri indistincti . FormiComus.

humeri distincti . Anthicus.

B. Antennae articulo llmo elongato, quasi diviso.

Thorax simplex ; articulo tarsorum 4to simplici . . Tanarthrus.

Notoxus Geoffroy.

1. N. anchora, elongatus, testaceus, thorace globoso, cornu serrato, crista
sensim elevata, elytris valde punctatis, macula laterali, fascia postica suturaque
nigris. Long. *14.

Hentz Journ. Ac. Nat. Nat. Sc. 5, 375, pi. 13, fig. 4 : La Ferte, Anthic. 33.

Monocerus anchora Lee. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. New. Ser. 1, 89.

Lake Superior, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Ohio and Missouri Territory : the lateral
spot is sometimes wanting ; the horn is rounded at the apex and serrate, the crest
rises gradually, is margined on the sides but not at the apex. The male has the
apex of the elytra truncate.

2. N. conformis, elongatus, testaceo-fuscus, thorace globoso, cornu
elongato, crista subito paulo elevata, elytris parce punctatis, maculis utrinque 2
ante medium, fascia que postica nigris. Long. *13.

Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 152.

One specimen, found on the Gila. The thorax is globose, not transverse, the
horns margined, not serrate; the crest is broad, rises suddenly but slightly, and

There is no reason why this genus should not be associated with Scraptia.

1852.]

93

is strongly margined both on the sides and apex. The elytra are strongly but
not densely punctured ; the inner of the two spots is near the scutellum, the outer
one behind the humerus. The posterior band is oblique and sinuous.

3. N. cavicornis, minus elongatus, fusco testaceus, thorace rotundato,
trar.sverso, cornu elongato, apice concavo, crista subito valde elevata, elytris
punctatis, macula scutellari, lineolis anticis, fasciaque postica nigro-fuscis.
Long. *11.

Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 152.

San Franciseo, California : male with the apex of the elytra acute, obliquely
truncate on the outer side. The thorax is one-half wider than long, the horn
broad not serrate, strongly excavated at tip, crest broad, high, margined on the
sides and apex, which is rounded. Elytra distinctly, not densely punctured.

4. N. serratus, elongafus, testaceus, thorace globoso, cornu antice con¬
cavo, serrato, crista subito valde elevata, elytris subtilius punctatis, macula scu¬
tellari, lineolis anticis, fasciaque lata postica infuscatis. Long. *17.

Monocrrus serratus Lee. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. New Ser. 1, 90.

Near the Rocky Mountains. One male specimen has the elytra immaculate,
with the apex slightly truncate. The horn is broader than usual, strongly serrate,
concave at the apex; the crest is high and rises very suddenly, is strongly mar¬
gined, but scarcely rounded at the apex. The elytra are more finely punctured
than in the preceding species.

5. N. monodon, elongatus, testaceus, thorace globoso, subtransverso,
cornu antice concavo, serrato, crista sensim modice elevata, elytris minus subti-
liter punctatis, macula scutellari fasciaque postica nigris. Long. *12.

Ferte Anthic. 37.

Anthicus monodon Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 2S9 : Say, Am. Ent. 1, pi. 10.

Monoeerus monodon var. a. Lee. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. New Ser. 1, 90.

Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Missouri Territory and California. The
horn is serrate, broad and concave at the apex ; the crest is moderately broad,
rises gradually and is margined on the sides and tip, which is somewhat acute.
The elytra are strongly punctured, though less so than in N. anchora ; the scu-
tellar spot is sometimes wanting.

6. N. apical is, elongatus, testaceus, thorace globoso, cornu antice con¬
cavo, lateribus serrato, crista subito valde elevata, elytris densius punctatis,
macula scutellari, fascia postica, apieeque nigris. Long. *15.

Monocerus monodon Lee. Journ. Ac. New Ser. i. 90.

Detroit, Michigan. Easily distinguished from the preceding' by the form of
the horn. The thorax is not at all transverse ; the horn is broad, concave at the
apex, serrate on the sides ; the crest rises very suddenly, and is margined at the
sides and apex, which is rounded. The elytra are tolerably densely punctured.

7. N. margin at us, valde elongatus, testaceus, thorace subgloboso, cornu
vix serrato, crista subito valde elevato, elytris subtiliter punctulatis, gutta sub-
seutellari, linea submarginali, fascia tenui postica, apieeque nigris. Long. *16.

Detroit. Easily distinguished by its much narrower form. The thorax is
less narrowed behind than usual, and not at all transverse ; the horn is margined
and scarcely serrate ; the crest rises suddenly and is margined at the sides and
apex, which is rounded. The black marks of the elytra are very narrow ; the
fascia is angulated at the suture, and does not reach the margin ; the submar¬
ginal line extends from below the humerus tp the apex.

8. N. sub til is, valde elongatus, fusco-testaceus, thorace globoso, subtrans¬
verso, cornu serrato, crista subito valde elevata, elytris subtilissime punctulatis,
macula scutellari, fascia ad medium apieeque nigris, margine infuscato.
Long. *13.

Missouri Territory, one specimen. Differs from all the preceding species by
the fascia being at the middle of the elytra. The thorax is slightly transverse ;
the horn is concave at the apex, subserrale ; the crest rises abruptly and is
strongly margined and somewhat rounded at the apex.

94

[May,

Var. ? Entirely testaceous, with a marginal fuscous spot at the middle of each
elytron. I have only a single specimen of this, which is possibly a distinct
species ; it is less elongated, and the elytra are broadly truncate at the tip.

9. N. b i fas c i at u s, elongatus, fuscus, thorace globoso, cornu vix serrato,
crista subito elevata, elytris subtilissime punctulatis, nigris, fasciis duabus
cinereis ornatis. Long. *13 — '16.

Monocerus bifasciatus Lee. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. New Ser. i. 89.

Western States and Upper Mississippi. The feet are either fuscous or ferru¬
ginous ; the thorax is sometimes rufous ; the elytra are rounded at the tip in
both sexes ; the anterior fascia is broad and situated at the anterior fourth of the
length of the elytra, the second is narrow and placed one-third from the apex.

10. N. bicolor, elongatus, obscurus, pedibus thoraceque laete rufis, hoc
cornu serrato, crista lata sensim elevata, elytris opacis cinerascentibus, subti-
liter punctulatis. Long. *13.

Ferte Anthic. 53.

Anthicus bicolor Say, Am. Ent. i. pi. 10.

Monocerus bicolor Lee. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. N. Ser. i. 90.

Common in the Middle and Southern States. The thorax is subglobose; the
horn wider than usual, strongly serrate ; the crest is wide, rises gradually, and
is margined on the sides and apex, which is rounded.

Species unknown to me : • ' '

11. N. P il at i, Ferte Anthic. 297. Texas.

12. N. plani corn is Ferte Anthic. 39, fig. 8. Very distinct by the absence
of the crest of the horn.

13. N. talpa Ferte Anthic. 50.

14. N. el eg an tul us Ferte ibid. 52. These are both from California. They
appear to be allied to N. bifasciatus.

Tomoderus Ferte.

This genus is distinguished by its submoniliform antennae, and clavate femora ;
the fourth joint of the tarsi is bilobed as in Anthicus.

1. T. interrupts, parce pubescens, thorace medio valde constricto,
lobo anteriore latiore, transverso, elytris confuse punctatis, punctis pone medium
subtilioribus. Long. *11.

Ferte Anthic*. 97.

Middle and Southern States, varies from black to brown ; usually dark brown,
with the posterior part of the elytra black.

2. T. constrictus, parce pubescens, thorace medio valde constricto, lobo
anteriore latiore subtransverso, elytris antice seriatim grosse punctatis, pone
medium obsolete punctulatis. Long. *12.

Ferte, Anthic. 101.

Anthicus constrictus Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 244.

Southern States; the obsolete punctures of the posterior part of the elytra is
the only character for separating this species from the preceding, in which the
punctures frequently show a tendency to form series. I am very doubtful
whether they should be considered distinct.

( Formicomus Ferte. (

\ Formicilla Lee. [

This group is only separated from genuine Anthicus by the oval, convex elytra
without distinct humeri, and by its more strongly clavate femora. 1 have placed
it in brackets to signify that 1 do not adopt the name.

1. A. s c i t u l u s , apterus, rufo-testaceus, nitidissimus, thorace elongato,

1852.]

95

postice constricto, elytris ovalibus, convexis, macula magna lateral i, fasciaque
armusta postica nigris. Long. *1.

Sea beach of Sullivan’s Island, S. Carolina : June. Body bright reddish yellow,
very smooth and shining; head large slightly convex, rounded behind, marked
with a few distant punctures, and four or five erect black hairs ; front blackish :
antennae with the joints 2 — 6 slender, nearly equal, 7 — 11 gradually ^increasing in
size. Thorax as long as the head and one half narrower, transversely convex,
rnu,ch narrowed and constricted just behind the middle, then widened a little to
the base, which on each side has a wide shallow fovea. Elytra oval, gradually
dilated to the middle, where they are three times as wide as the thorax; apex
rounded: humeral angles obsolete, disc convex smooth, ornamented with a large
lateral blackish spot at the middle, and a narrow blackish band between that and
the apex; margin with a lew black bristles. Body beneath finely punctured,
and slightly pubescent, thighs slightly incrassated, tarsi slender, lobes of the 4th
joint very narrow, produced beneath ; posterior tibiae slightly compressed and
bent.

I can find no sexual difference. This and the next species might more pro¬
perly enter Ferte’s 4th division of Anthicus, but both have the neck of the thorax
distinct, and this one is completely apterous. At any rate they show the necessity
of uniting the two genera.

2. A. mundus, alatus, rufo-testaceus nitidissimus, thorace elongato, pone
medium constricto, basi 3-punctato, elytris pone humeros impressis, rufis fascia
lata ad medium, maculaque maxima apicali nigris. Long. -09.

For mi cilia manda Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 152. Bright reddish yellow, very smooth
and shining, with a few black setae ; antennae, head and thorax as in the last,
except that the latter is less convex on the disc, and has three points at the
middle of the base. Elytra much less convex, slightly dilated as far as the
middle, rounded at the apex ; humeri distinct obtuse : disc obsoletely and
sparsely punctured before the middle, post humeral impression large and distinct:
ornamented with a very broad black fascia at the middle, and a very large
common black spot, which extends nearly to the apex, leaving only a narrovv
yellow fascia between it and the band just described, and a narrow lateral and
apical margin yellow. Body beneath ferruginous, finely punctured and pubescent.
Thighs moderately incrassated.

I found only two specimens of this insect, on the lower part of the Colorado
River. It agrees so closely in general characters with the preceding species,
that it would be unnaturai to separate it as a distinct genus. I am, therefore,
led to believe that the filiform tarsi, ascribed by me to this insect, must be an
error of observation, depending on the condition of the specimens, which unfor¬
tunately became mouldy at Panama. All my attempts to cleanse the tarsi have
heretofore proved useless ; and I may add, that in A. scitulus, the lobes of the
fourth tarsal joint are so delicate, that the slightest dirt is sufficient to render
them invisible.

Anthicus Paykull.

Although the arrangement followed by Ferte may be the most convenient in
working with species from every part of the world, yet it has appeared to me
to be capable of some improvement, when used in the study of our native
species. I have therefore attempted to separate them into homogeneous groups,
so that the diagnoses of the species may thereby be shortened, and the labor of
identifying species diminished. The following table seems to answer the pur¬
pose without any great violation of affinity.

A. Caput non granulatum, tibiae calcaribus fere obsoletis. Thorax basi
marginatus.

a. Capite rotundato, occipite non impresso, palpis articulo ultimo maximo,

. thorace postice constricto, elytris basi impressis. Sp. 1 — 3.

15

96 [May,

b. Capite rotundato, occipite breviter impresso, thorace postice constricto,

elytris basi impressis. Sp. 4 — 6.

c. Capite rotundato, occipite non impresso, thorace postice modice constricto,

elytris non impressis : corpus minus pubescens. Sp. 7 — 9.

d. Capite subquadrato, thorace elongato, trapezoideo ; corpus vix pubescens.

Sp. 10—13.

e. Capite subquadrato, thorace plus minusve trapezoideo, elytris non impres¬
sis ; corpus longius pubescens.

1. Capite postice rotundato, thorace subcampanulato ; antennis tenuibus.

Sp. 14—18.

2. Capite postice truncato, pone oculos non angustato, oculis prominulis.

Sp. 19—36.

3. Capite postice truncato, pone oculos non angustato, oculis parvis ;

elytris lateribus rotundatis, humeris fere nullis. Sp. 37.

B. Caput non granulatum ; tibiae calcaribus obsoletis ; thorax basi non

marginatus. Sp. 38.

C. Caput triangulare, granulatum; tibiae calcaribus valde distinctis :

thorax ovatus basi marginatus. Sp. 39 — 40.

1. A. obscurus, niger nitidus subtiliter pubescens, capite impunctato,
thorace postice constricto, basi cylindrico, elytris parcius punctulatis, versus
basin vix cinerascentibus, antennarum basipicea. Long. *12.

Ferte, Anthic. 116.

Coney Island, near New York. July, in salt marsh. The elytra are less
impressed behind the base than in the following. The posterior tibiae of the
male are not dilated, or bent.

•

2. A. nitidulus, niger nitidus, subtiliter pubescens, capite parce punc-
tato, thorace postice constricto, basi cylindrico, elytris parce punctulatis, basi
vix cinerascentibus, antennarum basi picea. Long. *12.

Lee. An. Lye. 5, 153.

Two specimens, San Jose, California. Exactly similar in size and form to
the preceding, but differs by the head being punctured, and the elytra more
deeply impressed towards the base.

3. A. elegans, rufo-piceus, subtiliter pubescens, capite vix punctato, thorace
postice constricto, basi cylindrico, elytris punctulatis, nigris, basi indeterminate
rufis, et cinerascentibus. Long. ’12.

Ferte, Anthic. 117.

Georgia and Missouri Territory. I have always considered this species
as A. cinctus Say, but, after renewed investigation, feel inclined to
adopt Ferte’s conclusion, that Say’s species is more allied to A. formicarius.
The expression “ elytra hirsute ” will by no means apply to the present species,
nor is there ever a cinereous spot at the tip of the elytra. The male has the
posterior tibiae dilated and sinuated internally.

4. A. tenuis, niger opacus, tenuiter pubescens, capite dense punctulato,
occipite breviter canaliculato, thorace postice constricto, basi cylindrico, elytris
vix impressis subtilissime punctulatis, fascia ante medium angusta albida,
antennis palpis pedibusque testacis. Long. *12.

Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 153.

Colorado River, California. Approaches very close to the preceding species
in form, but the last joint of the palpi is longer than wide. The anterior part of
the thorax is less globose than in A. formicarius, with which, however, it agrees
so closely in the form of the body and structure of the palpi, that it would be

1852.]

97

quite unnatural to separate them. The elytra of the male are truncate at apex,
so that the pygidium is visible.

5. A. formicarius, nigro-piceus, nitidus, parce griseo-setosus, capite
punctis paucis impresso, occipite brevissime canaliculato, thorace postice valde
constricto, dein subampliato et punctato, elytris grosse parte punctatis, basi
indeterminate rufis, impressis, et anguste flavo-fasciatis. Long. *14.

Ferte, Anthic. 185.

New York and Massachusetts, usually in salt marshes. The anterior part of
the thorax is convex, and sparsely punctured ; the posterior lobe is a little
widened towards the base, and is tolerably densely punctured. The base of the
antennae and tarsi are testaceous. The punctures of the elytra become small
behind the middle. The male has the pygidium prominent.

6. A. cinctus, rufus nitidus, parce griseo-setosus, thorace postice valde
constricto, dein subampliato, et granulato, elytris parce grosse punctatis, nigris
basi rufis, fascia pone basin apiceque flavis. Long. *15.

Say, J. Ac. Nat. Sci. 3, 278 ; Ferte, 274.

Illinois ; Mr. Willcox. This species is very closely allied to the preceding,
but differs in color, and in the sculpture of the posterior lobe of the thorax,
which, instead of being punctured, is densely and finely granulate. The punc¬
tures of the front part of the elytra ate also more numerous. The head is
marked with a few punctures, and the occiput with a very short impressed line,
just as in the last species. The pygidium of the male projects.

7. A. annectens, nigro-piceus, nitidus, parce pubescens, capite thoraceque
vix subtiliter punctulatis, hoc postice constricto, ad basin subtiliter bitubercu-
lato, elytris minus subtiliter punctatis, tibiis testaceis. Long. *1.

Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 153.

One specimen, from the sea-shore at San Diego, California. The thorax is
longer than wide, much rounded on the sides before the middle, then narrowed,
and slightly constricted before the base, which is cylindrical, very finely punc¬
tured, and distinctly bituberculate. The punctures of the elytra grow small
behind the middle.

8. A. californicus, rufo-piceus, nitidus, parce pubescens, capite tho¬
raceque punctulatis, hoc postice constricto, vix bituberculato, elytris minus dense
punctatis, macula ad medium apiceque nigro-piceis. Long. *1.

Ferte, Anthic. 128.

Abundant at San Diego, California, on the sea-shore, and in the marshes.
The thorax is more obliquely rounded on the sides before the middle than in the
last species ; the tubercles of the base are scarcely visible. The punctures of
the head and thorax are very distinct, and those of the latter become very dense
towards the base.

This species varies very much in color. The spots are usually quite unde¬
fined. I have a specimen with pale yellowish elytra, and the spots very well
defined ; the anterior one is placed near the middle, is very large, and extends
nearly to the suture. Others occur which are entirely black. The male has
the abdomen subtruncate at the apex.

9. A. reiectus, rufo-piceus, nitidus, parce pubescens, capite thoraceque
punctulatis, hoc postice angustato, subconstricto, elytris depressiusculis, sat
dense punctatis, ad basin medium et apicem infuscatis. Long. *1.

New York and ^Missouri Territory, in salt marshes. Rufo-piceous, shining,
sparsely pubescent. Head rounded prominent behind, finely not densely punc¬
tured. Thorax longer than wide, moderately convex, not densely punctured,
rounded on the sides anteriorly, obliquely narrowed nearly to the base, where it
is slightly constricted, cylindrical portion of the base shorter than in the pre¬
ceding, densely punctured, with two very obsolete tubercles. Elytra somewhat
flattened, twice as wide as the base of the thorax, humeri prominent, sides
slightly widened to the middle : strongly moderately densely punctured, punc-

93

[May,

tures smaller towards the apex ; l5ase, middle, and apex darker. Varies with the
elytra piceous black, at base piceous. The male has the abdomen truncate
at tip.

10. A. floral is, piceus nitidus vix subtilissime pubeseens, subtiliter
punctatus, occipite. impresso, thorace, elytrorum basi, antennis pedibusque
rufescentibus. Long. *15.

Payk. Faun. Suec. 1, 256; Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 291 ; Ferte, 150.

Var. A. basillaris Say, J. Ac. Nat. Sci. 3, 279.

Found in every part of the United States. For the synonyms see Ferte’s
Monograph. As they do not relate to the occurrence of the insect on this con¬
tinent, they are here entirely out of place. From the other almost glabrous
species found here, this is immediately distinguished by its impressed vertex.
The thorax most commonly has two prominences anteriorly, separated by an
impressed line.

The variety without these protuberances has a more distinct posthumeral
impression on the elytra, and is evidently A. basillaris Say.

11. A. vicinus, elongatus, rufus, nitidus, fere glaber, capite thoraceque
parce punctato, hoc elongato, postice angustato, elytris basi medio et apice late
nigris, sat grosse punctatis. Long. T.

Ferte, Anthic. 157.

Common in the Middle and Southern States. This species varies in color
exceedingly. The diagnosis is from the light colored variety. The basal dark
spot of the elytra is sometimes wanting ; sometimes the head is fuscous ; some¬
times the whole insect, excepting the base of the antennae and the tarsi, is
black. Ferte describes the head as impunctured, but I have never met with
any on the head of which a few points could not be discovered.

12. A. t h o r a c i c u s , elongatus, niger nitidus, fere glaber, capite thoraceque
parce punctatis, hoc rufo, elongato postice angustato, elytris sat grosse punctatis,
pedibus rufis. Long. *1.

Ferte, Anthic. 158.

Georgia, rare. The co-existence of bright red thorax and legs, with black
immaculate elytra, is the only character to separate this species from the pre¬
ceding, with which it accurately agrees in the form of every part of the body.
In one of my specimens there is a faint piceous band behind the middle of the
elytra, which would seem to be the last trace of the spots which exist in A.
vicinus. It would therefore seem safer to consider it as a variety of the pre¬
ceding.

13. A. c o n f i n i s , elongatus, niger, nitidus, fere glaber, capite parce punc-
tulato, thorace parce punctato, elongato, postice subangustato, elytris densius
punctatis. Long. *1.

Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 153.

One specimen, from the sea-shore at San Diego, California. This species is
closely allied to the preceding, but differs in having the thorax less narrowed
behind, and the elytra more densely punctured.

14. A. horridus, elongatus, testaceus, pilis longis erectis hispidus, capite
postice rotundato thoraceque grosse punctatis, hoc longiusculo subcampanulato,
elytris grosse punctatis, fascia obscura pone medium ornatis. Long. *11.

Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 154.

One specimen, from the Gila River. The head has a small smooth longitudi¬
nal line.

15. A. cribratus, elongatus, flavo-testaceus, longius pubeseens, capite
postice rotundato thoraceque confertim punctatis, hoc longiusculo, obsolete
campanulato, postice vix angustato, elytris grosse punctatis, fascia pone medium
angusta nigra ornatis. Long. *11.

1852.]

99

One specimen, St. Isabel, California. The head has an obsolete smooth
frontal line ; the apex of the elytra is fuscous.

16. A. difficilis, elongates, testaceus, albido-pubescens, capite postice
rotundato, disperse punctato, medio laevi, thorace subcampanulato, latitudine
non longiore, confertim punctato, elytris grosse dense punctatis, fascia lata ad
medium infuscata. Long. *12.

Lee. Agass. Lake Superior, 230.

Lake Superior, abundant. The frontal smooth line is broad; varies with the
elytral band obsolete.

17. A. co nf us us, elongatus, testaceus, albido pubescens, capite grosse
punctato, postice rotundato, medio laevi, thorace vix campanulato, lateribus
postice oblique angustato, dense punctato, elytris grosse punctatis, fascia
obscura ad medium ornatis. Long. *12.

New York; Louisiana, Mr. Wapler ; Southern Illinois, Haldeman. This species
is extremely similar to the preceding, but the head is more coarsely punctured ;
the sides of the thorax behind the middle are oblique, not parallel.

18. A. luteolus, elongatus, flavo-testaceus, albido pubescens, capite postice
rotundato, thoraceque confertim punctatis, hoc ovato, postice angustato,
latitudine vix longiore, elytris confertim sat grosse punctatis. Long. *12.

Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 154.

Vallecitas, California. This species resembles the last very much, but the
thorax is not at all campanulate, the punctures on the head are denser, and the
only smooth part is on the vertex. A variety has a broad fuscous fascia at the
middle of the elytra.

19. A. scabriceps, elongatus, nigro-piceus, densius pubescens, capite
postice truncato, thoraceque confertissime rugose punctatis, hoc subcampanu¬
lato, elytris grosse minus dense punctatis, apice rufescente. Long. •].

Lee. Agassiz Lake Superior, 230.

Very abundant on Lake Superior. Varies very much in color. The principal
varieties are : st. black, base of the elytra piceous : 6. head and thorax
fuscous, antennae, legs and elytra testaceous, the latter wdth a broad blackfascia
at the middle ; y. entirely testaceous, fascia of the elytra obsolete^ The head
has a slight impression on the middle of the occiput, the frontal line is scarcely
visible.

20. A. ephippium, subelongatus, testaceus, pubescens, capite postice fere
truncato, scabro-punctato, medio laevi, thorace vix campanulato, confertissime
punctato, elytris grosse minus dense punctatis, fascia ad medium picea ornatis.
Long. *1.

Ferte, Anthic. 16S.

New York. Very similar to the last, but is less elongate, and the head is
less rugous, with a broad frontal smooth line. I am somewhat in doubt if this
really is Ferte’s species, as he makes no mention of the smooth frontal space.
It is, however, compared with the A. sellatus, in which this line is very
distinct, so that the probability is that it also existed in his A. ephippium.

21. A. fl a v i c an s , testaceo-flavus, pubescens, capite postice subtruncato,
confertim punctato, medio laevi, thorace longiusculo, ovato, postice subangustato,
confertissime punctato, opaco, elytris sat dense grosse punctatis. Long. *12.

Elongate, testaceous yellow, head and thorax a little darker. Head almost
truncate behind, not narrowed behind the eyes, which are large and prominent ;
densely punctured, frontal line smooth, broad. Antennae slender, very slightly
thickened externally. Thorax a little longer than wide, moderately convex,
rounded anteriorly, obliquely slightly narrowed to the base, which is strongly
margined ; neck very distinct, as in the other species of this group. Elytra
one half wider than the thorax, elongate, humeri oblique, rounded ; disc ante-

100 [May,

riorly slightly flattened, punctures large, moderately dense, becoming small
posteriorly. One specimen, from Missouri Territory.

22. A. r u f u 1 u s , elongatus saturate rufus, nitidus parce pubescens, parce
hispidus, capite postice truncato, minus dense punctato medio laevi, thorace
elorigato, postice sub-angustato, subtilius punctato, elytris minus subtiliter punc-
tatis. Long. *1.

Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 155.

One specimen, San Diego. Has very much the form of A. vicinus. The head
is tolerably strongly punctured, with a narrow smooth frontal line. The
antennae are less slender than in the other species of this group, and the eyes,
though not small, are less prominent.

23. A. cervinus, testaceus, elongatus, subtilius pubescens, capite fusco,
postice subtruncato, punctato, medio laevi; thorace longiusculo ovato, punctulato,
elytris densius punctatis, pone medium nigricantibus, gutta utrinque postica
apieeque flavis. Long. *1.

Ferte, Anthic. 181.

A. bifasciatus\$Ky , Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 245 ; Hald. Proc. Ac. 1, 304.

A. terminalis Lee. Agass. Lake Superior, 230.

A. bizonatus Ferte, Anthic. 274.

Found everyplace, from Lake Superior to Georgia, and from New York to
Nebraska. A very variable species; the most common form is that above
described ; there are others fuscous, legs and antennae testaceous, elytra black,
writh a basal spot, and one behind the middle testaceous ; others, again, are
entirely yellow-testaceous.

Some of these varieties come very near to A. Haldemani, but are immediately
distinguished by the occiput not being channeled^

24. A. punctulatus, elongatus, niger nitidus, cinereo-pubescens, capite
postice subtruncato, thoraceque confertim subtilius punctatis, hoc longiusculo,
postice subangustato, elytris minus convexis, dense punctatis. Long. *1.

Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 155.

San Jose and San Diego. The frontal line is narrow and slightly elevated.
The eyes are smaller than in the preceding, but are moderately prominent.

25. A. Haldemani, ater,subnitidus, breviter pubescens, confertim punctatus,
capite postice truncato, occipite impresso, thorace longiusculo ovato, elytris
maculis utrinque duabus magnis flavis, antennis pedibusque testaceis.
Long. *11.

A. quadriguttatus^AsAA. Pr. Ac. 2, 304.

Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. Varies with the anterior spot diffuse so as
to cover nearly the anterior half of the elytra, and the posterior spots coalescing:
so that the elytra become yellow, with the suture, a transverse band at the mid¬
dle, and the apex fuscous. The thighs are sometimes fuscous. The frontal line
is narrow and indistinct, and the points on the head are not very dense. Those
of the elytra are a little larger and very dense. The thorax becomes very
slightly cylindrical at base. It seems to resemble very much A. 4-maculatus
(Ferte 203) from Europe, but the pubescence is distinct, and equally distributed
over every part of the body.

26. A. quadrilunatus, ater subnitidus, breviter pubescens, confertim
punctatus, capite postice truncato, occipite vix impresso, thorace ovato, convexo,
elytris maculis utrinque duabus, tibiis, tarsis, antennarumque basi ferrugineis.
Long. *12.

? Ferte, Anthic. 201.

One specimen, New Mexico, Fendler. Very close to A. Haldemani; the
head is a little more square behind, and there is scarcely a trace of an occipital
impression. The thorax is more convex in front, though scarcely enough so to
be described as round, and I have therefore doubts about it being identical with
the California species described by Ferte.

1852.]

101

27. A. biguttulus, magis elongatus, ater subnitidus, tenuiter pubescens,
confertim punetatus, capite postice subtruncato, thorace longiusculo, ovato,
elytris macula pone medium rotundata ferruginea. Long. *15.

Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 255.

One specimen, San Francisco. A fine species, differing from the two pre¬
ceding by having the head less truncate behind, and the occiput not impressed ;
frontal line none. The pubescence, though fine, is longer than in the preceding,
and the thorax is extremely densely punctured. The punctures of the elytra
are larger and not so dense.

28. A. nigritulus, elongatus, niger, nitidus, tenuiter longius pubescens,
capite parce punctulato, basi subtruncato, thorace elongato, postice subangus-
tato, punctulato, elytris depressiusculis minus subtiliter punctatis, omoplatis
prominulis. Long., *08.

Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 154.

San Francisco, California. The form of the body is altogether that of A.
viciliu s , but the pubescence has caused me to separate it from that group.
The antennae are much thicker than in the preceding species, and the eyes are
smaller, in both of which respects it agrees with A. vicinus.

29. A. obscurellus, elongatus, fuscus, dense pubescens, capite punctu¬
lato basi truncato, linea frontali laevi tenui, thorace longiusculo, ovato, confertim
punctulato, elytris elongato-ellipticis, punctatis, pone medium infuscatis.
Long. *08.

Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 155.

San Jose, California, abundant. A small elongate species, with the humeral
angles of the elytra more rounded than usual. The elytra are transversely
moderately convex, and a little flattened towards the base. The eyes are small,
and the antennae tolerably thick.

30. A latebrans, sub-elongatus, flavo-testaceus, parce pubescens, capite
punctato, basi truncato, occipite breviter impresso, linea frontali tenui laevi,
thorace confertim punctulato, vix cordato, elytris basi emarginatis, punctatis,
pone medium vix infuscatis, humeris valde rotundatis. Long. *08.

One specimen, New York. Similar to the preceding, but less elongate. The
thorax is narrowed and very slightly cylindrical at base, which causes it to appear
somewhat cordate. The elytra are a little flattened at base ; the rounding of
the humeral angles gives them a more convex lateral outline than usual.

31. A. spretus, fuscus, longiusculus, pubescens, capite punctato, basi
truncato, linea frontali integra laevi, thorace confertim punctulato, trapezoideo,
elytris basi emarginatis, punctatis, humeris rotundatis, elytrorum basi, antennis,
pedibusque testaceis. Long. *08.

New York and Boston. A pale variety found on the Upper Mississippi. This
species very nearly resembles the last, and when pale colored, can only be dis¬
tinguished by the want of the occipital channel ; the thorax is not longer than
wide, and not at all cylindrical at the base. The elytra are a little longer and
more parallel.

32. A. nanus, fuscus, elongatus, dense pubescens, capite punctato, postice
truncato, medio laevi, thorace rufo confertim punctulato, trapezoideo, postice
subangustato, elytris confertim punctatis apice testaceis, basi rufis truncatis,
humeris rotundatis, antennis pedibusque testaceis. Long. *09 — *08.

Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 156.

San Diego, California. Varies in color to pale yellow, without any fuscous
marks. It is very closely allied to the preceding, but the punctures of the head
are larger ; the elytra not so coarsely but more densely punctured, and the
humeral angles are less rounded.

33. A. b e 1 1 u 1 u s , rufo-testaceus, subelongatus, pubescens, capite confertim
punctato, linea frontali vix distincta, postice truncato, thorace trapezoideo,

102 [May,

postice angustato, punctulato, elytris basi truncatis, dense punctatis, fascia ad
medium apiceque nigris. Long. *07.

Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 156.

A very pretty little species found at San Diego, on the sea shore, and nearly
related to the preceding four species ; the head is densely and more finely
punctured, the frontal line very fine. The thorax is scarcely as wide as long,
slightly narrowed behind ; the basal margin is indistinct. The elytra are convex,
truncate at the base, with the humeral angles moderately rounded. The punc¬
tures are denser and a little finer than in A. nanus.

34. A. pubescens, nigro-fuscus, pube cinerea suberecta hispidus, capite
postice truncato, thoraceque subtiliter punctatis, hoe quadrato, postice vix
angustato, elytris parallelis convexis grosse punctatis, basi truncatis. Long. *12.

Ferte, Anthic. 177.

One specimen, New York. This species and the two following differ from
all the preceding, in the form of the elytra, which are convex, truncate at base,
and with the sides straight as far as the middle, parallel in the males, slightly
diverging in the females, with the base each side of the scutellum a little
elevated. The head of this species is wider than the thorax, the eyes large ;
the frontal line narrow ; the occiput impressed ; thorax almost square, rounded
anteriorly, scarcely narrowed behind, very finely and densely punctured. Elytra
twice as wide as the thorax, punctures coarse, not dense ; the feet and base of
the antennae are piceous.

35. A. fulvipes, nigro-fuscus, brevius subtiliter pubescens, capite postice
truncato, parcius punctulato, thorace subtiliter confertissime punctulato, postice
subangustato, elytris parallelis, basi truncatis, grosse punctatis, antennis pe^i-
busque rufis. Long. *1.

Ferte Anthic. 177.

Louisiana, Mr. Wapler. Smaller than the preceding, with which it agrees
pefectly in shape, except that the thorax is more distinctly narrowed behind.
The head is much less densely punctulate, and the occiput is not impressed.
The pubescence is very different, being fine, short and not all erect.

This is very evidently La Ferte’s species, although he says that the thorax
is not margined at base. I fear this is an error, as of all the American species
I have examined, there is but a single one, A. coracinus Lee . in which the
marginal line is not to be discovered.

36. A. corticalis, fusco-piceus, pube longa suberecta vestitus, capite tho¬
raceque impunctatis, illo postice truncato, hoc trapezoideo, postice subangus¬
tato, elytris basi truncatis, parallelis, convexis, grosse punctatis, pedibus rufis.
Long. *11.

Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 154.

I found this species very abundant at the junction of the Colorado and Gila
rivers, under the bark of trees. It agrees accurately in form with the two pre¬
ceding species, but the head and thorax are impunctured; there is no occipital
impression ; the thorax is scarcely longer than wide, and is but slightly narrowed
behind. '1 he antennae are fuscous, with the base testaceous.

37. A. maritimus, pallidus, cinereo-pubescens, capite thoraceque subti-
lissime punctulatis, illo truncato, hoc longiusculo ovato, elytris subtilius punc¬
tatis, murinis, ellipticis convexis, basi emarginatis. Long. *09.

Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 156.

San Diego, under sea-weed. At once distinguished by the roundness and
convexity of the elytra, which have scarcely any humeral angles ; the frontal
line is very fine ; the thorax is as wide as the head, regularly narrowed to the
base, which is scarcely perceptibly margined. A variety occurs with the
suture and base of the elytra pale. Ferte’s figure of A. bigut tat us
represents very well this insect ; the species resembling it from the Atlantic
coast of the United States (A. i c t e r i c u s Ferte,) I have not yet seen.

1852.]

i£ tA.\4

103

38. A. cor acinus, elongatus niger, brevissime pubescens, capite subquad-
rato, basi subemarginato, thoraceque longiusculo postice angustato confertim
punctulatis, elytris elongatis, basi truncatis, grosse punctatis. Long. ’17.

Two specimens from the Upper Mississippi. This species differs from all the
preceding by the thorax being perfectly without a basal margin, even at the
sides. The head is wider than the thorax, subquadrate, posterior angles broadly
rounded, base slightly emarginate, and impressed in the middle ; it is finely and
tolerably densely punctured ; the eyes are small ; the antennae moderately thick.
The thorax is longer than -wide, a little narrowed behind, punctured as the
head ; anterior constriction distinct. Elytra scarcely wider than the head,
parallel, truncate at base, strongly and coarsely punctured, base very slightly
prominent each side ; the pubescence is scarcely visible. The male has the
pygidium prominent.

39. A. p aliens, pallidus, subtiliter punctulatus pubescens, capite parce
granulato-punctato, medio laevi, triangulari, basi emarginato,’thorace transverse
postice valde angustato, elytris convexis, 'basi truncatis, abdomine nigricante.
Long. ’ll.

Lee. Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 231.

Shores of Lake Superior. This and the next species differ from all the
others, in having the head triangular, with the posterior angles almost acute,
and the surface granulated. The eyes are moderately large. The antennae are
Slender and long ; the thorax is transverse and much narrowed behind. The
terminal spurs of the tibiae are very distinct, and those of the anterior tibiae
unequal ; in the male the anterior tibiae are slightly sinuate internally, and the
terminal spur more prominent.

40. A. granularis, nigro-piceus, pubescens, capite thoraceque confertim
granulatis, illo triangulari basi emarginato, hoc transverso, postice valde angus¬
tato, elytris basi valde truncatis confertim punctatis, apice testaceis, antennis
tibiis tarsisque testaceis. Long. *13.

Lee. Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 231.

Lake Superior, abundant. Varies in color : a. elytra testaceous, with a broad
black band ; (Z. testaceous, band of the elytra and abdomen black ; y. testaceous,
elytra with an indistinct fuscous spot at the middle. The sexual marks as in
the preceding, with which this species agrees in form. Both species vary in
having the thorax sometimes obsoletely channeled.

Species unknown to me :

A. exilis Ferte, Anth. 121.

A. ictericus Ferte, Anth. 149.

A. laetus Ferte, Anth. 157.

A. melancholicus Ferte, Anth. 174.

A. pusillus Ferte Anth. 178.

A. squamosus Ferte, 216.

A. lugubris Ferte, 217.

A. pallidus Say, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 245 ; Ferte, 275.

A. impressipennis Ferte, 300.

A. texanus Ferte, 301.

Tanarthrus Lee.

This genus was founded by me in the 5th volume of the Annals of the Lyceum
of Natural History, upon a very singular insect having the appearance of a
Zuphium. More careful examination has convinced me that my Anthicus alu-
taceus, described in the same place, must also be referred to this new genus ;
the mould on the specimens having prevented me at that time from seeing the
generic characters. The following characters will separate this genus :

Antennae in frontem insertae, sub-12-articulatae, articulo llmo elongato, quasi
diviso, intermediis turbinatis. Tarsi articulis cylindricis, 4to minore non bilobato ;
elytra depressa, apice truncata, abdomine breviora ; corpus depressum, capite

104 [June,

magno, oculis parvis, palpis articulo ultimo triangulari, angusto, tibiis omnibus
apice longius bicalcaratis.

1. T. salinus, depressus rufo-testaceus, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, subti-
liter punctulatus, capite thoraceque nitidis, lllo magno basi emarginato, anten-
narum articulo ultimo praecedentes quatuor aequante. Long. *21.

Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 156.

This curious insect was found on the shore of a salt lake in the northern part
of the great Colorado desert. It runs very actively and frequently takes flight,
like Cicindela or Bembidium.

.Reddish brown, with very fine cinereous hair. Head flat, quadrate, shining,
finely punctured, posterior angles rounded, occiput channeled, margin almost
acute. Thorax narrower than the head, a little longer than wide, trapezoidal,
slightly narrowed behind, base finely margined, slightly foveate in the middle ;
disc flat, finely punctured ; elytra not wider than the head, parallel, truncate at
base and tip, opaque, very finely and densely punctured, dusky towards the
base. Legs long, moderately slender ; posterior tarsi nearly as long as the
tibiae. The male has the anterior tarsi a little dilated.

2. T. alutaceus, elongatus, fere depressus, niger, subtilissime alutaceus,
brevissime pubescens, capite postice subtruncato, thoraceque punctulatis, elytris
obsolete punctulatis, antennis testaceis articulo ultimo praecedentes duos
aequante. Long. *1.

Anthicus alutaceus Lee. An. Lyc. 5, 155.

Found at San Diego, California. A much smaller specimen, with the head
more rounded behind, was found at the Gila.

Elongate, almost depressed, black, opaque, scarcely pubescent. Head large,
slightly convex, finely punctured, base truncate, with the margin not acute,
posterior angles broadly rounded. Thorax narrower than the head, trapezoidal,
narrowed behind, base margined ; finely punctured. Elytra scarcely wider than
the head, truncate at base and tip, very finely rugous, and very obsoletely punc¬
tured. Posterior tarsi shorter than the tibiae. The last joint of the antennae is
here only twice as long as the preceding, and the constriction is at its middle,
so that it appears like two ordinary joints. It was not until I removed the
mould very carefully, and counted the joints, that I became aware of the aflinity
with the first species.

The Committee on the following by Dr. Woodhouse, reported in
favor of publication in the Proceedings :

Description of a new species of Ectopistes.

By S. W. Woodhouse, M. D.

Ectopistes marginella , nobis.

Form. — Bill short and slender, wings long and pointed, second quill distinctly
longest, its general form resembling E. Carolinensis, but much more delicate.

Dimensions. — From tip of bill to end of tail, total length of skin 9 3-lOths
inches ; wing from flexure 5 4-lOths inches ; tarsus 7^-10ths; bill total length
6-10ths, from gap 7-10ths; tail 4 inches.

Color. — Bill dark brown ; upper surface of the head brown, mottled with
black and light brown ; head, front of neck, back, and upper tail coverts, of a
lightish brown ; a brownish white band extends from each eye across the fore¬
head ; one reddish brown from the anterior part of the orbit to the back of the
head ; throat very light brown inclining to white : the feathers of the lower
portion of the throat are black, with a light brown margin, giving the appear¬
ance of circular bands of black and white ; breast, belly, vent and under tail
coverts light fawn ; sides lead color ; primaries dark brown ; the first, second

1852.]

105

and third quills have a white line extending along their ou^r edge ; secondaries
are rather lighter, and have a light brown margin, — on their upper surface they
are reddish brown ; tertiary feathers and wing coverts reddish brown, with a
light margin, and on their outer edge an elongated black spot ; tail consists of
fourteen feathers, the two central of which are dark brown; the four lateral
feathers are black near their extremity and white at tip ; and the six lateral
have the black, but are light brown at tip ; tarsus and feet light red.

Habitation. — Cross Timbers.

Observations. — 'This specimen somewhat resembles the E. Carolinensis, but on
examination proves to be totally different. I procured it in the cross timbers on
the North Fork of the Canadian, on the 6th of September, 1850, whilst attached
to the Creek boundary survey as surgeon and naturalist, under the command of
Lieut. J. C. Woodruff, Topographical Engineers, U. S. Army. I saw several of
them feeding on the ground, and was immediately struck with their size, being
so much smaller than our common dove. I was unable, however, to procure
but one specimen, and this on dissection proved to be a male.

The Committee on Mr. Lea’s communication entitled, i( Description
of a fossil Saurian of the New Red Sandstone of Pennsylvania, &c. \ ”
and u On some new fossil Molluscs from the Carboniferous Slates of the
Wilkesbarre Coal Formation,” reported in favor of publication in the
Journal.

The Report of the Corresponding Secretary, for February, March and
April, was read and adopted.

Dr. Rand offered the following, which was adopted :

Resolved , That Members of the State Medical Society, now in session
in Philadelphia, be invited to visit the Museum of the Academy on the
afternoons of this week, between the hours of 3 and 6 o’clock.

On leave granted Mr. Lea made a few observations on a cast of the
impressions of Sauropus primaevus Leaf found in the Red Sandstone
of Pottsville, Pennsylvania.

ELECTION.

Mr. Edward S. Buckley, and Mr. Thomas F. Seal, of Philadelphia,
were elected Members of the Academy.

June 1 st.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Librarian of the British Museum, dated
London, 1st May, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of late numbers of
the Proceedings.

Also one from Prof. A. D. Bache, Superintendent of the U. S. Coast
Survey, dated Washington, April 6th, 1852, accompanying the donation
of Charts announced this evening.

Also from the Rev. M. A. Curtis, dated Society Hill, (S. C.) May
24th, 1852, accompanying the donation of plants from Syria, Egypt,
&c., announced this evening.

Mr. Lea read a paper entitled, “ Description of a new species of Es-

106

[June,

chara, from the Eqpene of Alabama,” which being intended for publica¬
tion in the Proceedings, was referred to Dr. Rand, Mr. Charles E. Smith
and Dr. Ruschenberger.

Dr. Woodhouse presented a paper, intended for publication, describing
a new species of Sciurus ; which was referred to a Committee consisting
of Dr. Watson, Dr. Leidy and Major LeConte.

Mr. Lea called attention to the stone slab containing supposed im¬
prints of human feet, deposited by him this evening. This slab is from
the limestone formation immediately underlying the coal near Alton,
Illinois. The impressions have evidently been sculptured, and bear the
marks of some blunt instrument with which they have been executed.
Mr. Lea observed that these are not the first instances of this kind,
which have been noticed, and referred to a description of a similar slab
published in Silliman’s Journal several years since.

Dr. Owen stated that the slab of limestone alluded to by Mr. Lea as found
on the Mississippi near St. Louis, is the same which is now preserved in his
(Dr. Owen’s) collection, and the one on which two articles have appeared in
Silliman’s Journal ; one by Mr. Schoolcraft and one by himself. At the con¬
clusion of this latter article, entitled <c Human footprints in solid limestone,” it
was given as his opinion that these feetmarks were carved on the rock by the
aborigines.

Since that article appeared, Dr. Owen had obtained the most satisfactory cor¬
roboration of this inference in two large slabs of magnesian limestone, of lower
Silurian date, obtained at Moccasin-track Prairie, in Missouri, which slabs con¬
tained a great many carvings of human feet, as well as those of animals, and
rude imitations of the human figure, something like figures made in gingerbread.
The footmarks bear indubitable tool marks, and some are deficient in the true
number of toes, while, in others, the foot is distorted, with the little toe stand¬
ing out almost at right angles.

These specimens, as well as that of Mr. Lea, show clearly that the aborigines
of Missouri had the same propensity for carving the imprint of feet, as the
Southern and Western aborigines of this continent had for representing the
hand on the walls of the ancient edifices, and in other situations.

Any one acquainted with Indians knows that there is no subject which they
study more closely than all kinds of tracks : in fact their life, their maintenance
and the whole security of the savage depends on an intimate and cunning know¬
ledge of podology.

Dr. Owen intends giving, at some future time, a more detailed description of
these slabs of magnesian limestone from Moccasin-track Prairie, which are,
probably, the most interesting specimens of the kind ever yet discovered.

Mr. Lea exhibited specimens of shells from the drift on the line of
the Columbia Railroad, about three miles from Philadelphia. These
are the first organic remains of this kind found in this vicinity. Mr.
Lea believed them to have been unquestionably derived from the forma¬
tion No. 2 of the Pennsylvania Survey. Although much mutilated,
they can be classified.

Dr. Leidy called attention to a fossil tooth of Tapir presented by Dr.
Hays. This is the only portion of the animal known. He proposed for
it the name of Tapirus Haysii.

1852.]

107

June 8 th.

Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

Dr. LeConte presented for publication in the Journal, a paper entitled
“ Synopsis of the species of Pterosticus Bon., and allied genera inhabit¬
ing temperate North America,” which was referred to a Committee con*
sisting of Dr. Hallowell, Dr. Leidy and Mr. Kilvington.

June 15 th.

Major John LeConte in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution,
dated Washington, June 9th, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of late
numbers of the Proceedings of the Academy.

Dr. Charles M. Wetherill read a paper entitled u Chemical investi¬
gation of the Mexican Honey Ant,” which being intended for publica¬
tion in the Proceedings, was referred to a Committee consisting of Dr.
Leidy, Dr. Genth and Dr. LeConte.

June 22 d.

Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Geological Society of London, dated 1st
May, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of the Journal and Proceedings.

Also letters from the Trustees of New York State Library, dated
Albany, June 15, 1852, and from the Corresponding Secretary of the
Academy of Arts and Sciences, dated Boston, June 16, 1852, severally
acknowledging the receipt of late numbers of the Proceedings.

Also a letter from the Librarian of the American Academy, asking
for certain numbers of the Proceedings, to complete the series of the
same in that Institution,

Dr. Genth read a paper u On some Minerals which accompany Gold
in California •” and a second paper entitled “ On Strontiano-Calcite, a
new mineral both of which were referred to a Committee consisting of
Dr. LeConte, Dr. Wetherill and Mr. Ashmead.

Mr. Cassin asked the attention of the Academy to the collection of Birds
presented by E. K. Kane, M.D., of the United States Navy, late Surgeon to
Grinnell’s Expedition in search of Sir John Franklin, and collected by him
during the absence of the Expedition in the Arctic regions.

Nearly all of the specimens are unusually valuable and interesting on account
of their representing species in much more mature plumage than is commonly
seen either in Museums or in recent specimens obtained so far south as Phila¬
delphia. This circumstance is of course readily accounted for, as all the
species in the collection are only to be met with while in summer plumage in
the remote regions visited by the Expedition, and their interesting character
may be inferred from that fact.

Mr. C. regarded the specimens of the Brant (Bernicla brenta, Pallas) and of
the Ivory Gull (Larus eburneus, Phipps) as of especial interest.

108

[June,

June 29 th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee on Dr. Owen’s paper on a new Mineral
nia, reported in favor of publication :

from Califor-

Notice of a New Mineral from California.

By D. D» Owen, M. D.

Mr. Henry Pratten, one of my assistants in the geological surveys in the
North West in 1848 and 1849, went to California in the spring of 1850, and
returned last February. Being interested in mineralogy and geology, he made
observations in these departments of science, both on his way out and during the
time he remained there.

The mineral in question he obtained at a locality known as the Wisconsin
and Illinois claim, near Nevada City, at which place he resided most of the
time he remained in California.

At the time he collected this mineral it struck him as something remarkable
and different from anything he had previously observed ; and he made at the
time some experiments on its blowpipe reactions, without being able positively
to decide what it might be.

He then first submitted it to a distinguished mineralogist, who referred it to
the species Karpholite.

In comparing its blowpipe reactions with that mineral, Mr. Pratten doubted
the correctness of the conclusion that it belonged to the species Karpholite, and
so did Dr. Norwood, who also examined its blowpipe reactions ; and they came
to the conclusion that its indications before the blowpipe resembled more those
of Molybdic acid.

When I returned home last March, Mr. Pratten submitted it to me and I made
a qualitative examination of the mineral in the humid way, and ascertained,
from the reactions of the solution of the mineral with sulphuretted hydrogen,
iodide of potassium, and ferro-cyanide of potassium, that the principal consti¬
tuents were molybdenum and iron.

I found, moreover, that it was easily acted on by liquid ammonia, the molyb¬
denum being dissolved, while oxide of iron was set free in brownish red flocks.

These chemical reactions proved that though the mineral resembles Karpho¬
lite in the yellow color of its fibrous, acicular, tufted crystals, it is quite
different in its chemical constitution.

I made, also, an approximate quantitative analysis on a centigramme of the
mineral, which was all that could be spared at that time, by solution in liquid
ammonia ; collecting the precipitated iron on a filter, washing and weighing it
after ignition. The molybdenum was then separated by sulphuretted hydrogen.

The solution freed from molybdenum was evaporated with addition of hydro¬
chloric acid to free the solution of HS ; after filtration it was evaporated to
dryness and ignited, and the small percentage of alkali and magnesia weighed
together ; the magnesia, after being separated by peroxide of mercury, was
Weighed by itself.

The result of the analysis gave :

H=Water ..... 15

Mo (?) Molybdic acid (?) .

F*e Peroxide of iron
Alkali .

Mg — Magnesia

That the molybdenum exists
probable from the fact of liquid

. 40 compound of molybdenum and oxygen

. 35
. 9

. 2

in this mineral as molybdic acid is altogether
ammonia acting on it so readily.

1852.]

109

The constituents of Karpholite, by two analyses — one by Stromeyer and one
by Steinman, as recorded in Dana’s Mineralogy, are :

Si— Silica

By Stromeyer.

. 36-15

By Steinman.
. 37-53

A1 — Alumina .

. 28-67

. 26-47

Mn — Oxide of Manganese

. 19-16

. 18.33

Fe “ Iron

, 2-29

. Fe 6-27

H Water

. 10-78

. . 11-86

HF — Hydrofluoric acid

. 1-47

Karpholite is therefore essentially a hydrated silicate of alumina and manga¬
nese, and entirely different in its composition from the mineral in question.

Before the blowpipe this mineral fuses readily, and a sublimate is formed,
which, if the mineral is supported on its quartz matrix, forms a bluish ring on
the quartz ; and a brilliant yellow color is imparted to the flame. With mic.
salt, in the interior flame, it forms a green bead.

In its easy fusibility and in the production of this curious bluish ring, con¬
densed on the quartz around the fragment exposed to the blowpipe flame, this
mineral is readily distinguished by the blowpipe from Karpholite, which fuses
with difficulty, and forms no such ring.

In the works on mineralogy, there is a meagre notice given of an ore of molyb¬
denum, under the name of molybdic ochre or oxide of molybdenum, which occurs
in powdery incrustations of various shades of yellow, and is in fact molybdic acid,
being composed of molybdenum 63-66, and oxygen 33-39 (Mo.) ; but as this
mineral contains no iron, is produced from the decomposition of the sulphuret of
molybdenum, and has never been found in the fine delicate tufted acicular crys¬
talline form, it is probably not the same as this California mineral.

I have not yet had a sufficient supply of the ore to ascertain the proportion of
oxygen united with the molybdenum in this mineral, but I am led to believe
that it exists in the state of molybdic acid, from the fact of ammonia acting on
it so readily. I think, moreover, that the molybdic acid is combined w7ith the
iron, for the pure rich yellow color of the mineral forbids the idea of the iron
being only mechanically mixed ; and besides the iron is very nearly in the pro¬
portion to form a subsalt : hence I infer that this mineral must be a submolybdate
of iron.

The Committee to which was referred the following by Mr. Lea,
reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings :

Description of a new species of Eschara , from the Eocene of Alabama.

By Isaac Lea.

Many years since I received fr<
number of fossils from the Eocene
beds of that district, and among
the sand was found a fragment of
this interesting genus. I did not
then characterise it, in the hope of
getting a more perfect specimen.
I have not, however, seen any
other but this fragment.

There have been a number of spe¬
cies described by Mr. Lonsdale, in
the Journal of the Geological Socie¬
ty, vol. i., from the Tertiary of the
IL S. These were taken by SirC.
Lyell to London, on his return from
one of his tours to this country.
The species which I propose to
characterise, differs in its form

the late Judge Tait of Claiborne, a large

110

[June,

very strikingly from the figures
and descriptions of Mr. Lonsdale.
In Michelin’s Iconographie, plates
78 and 79, there is a species figured
from Claiborne, which resembles
this, but is not the same. In the
cuts annexed fig. 1 represents a
highly magnified view of the ex¬
ternal surface, with its foramina
and numerous indented points.
Fig. 2 represents the dorsal sur¬
face ; and fig. 3 represents the
size of the specimen, with its na¬
tural appearance.

Eschar a Claibornensis. — Folia-
ceous ; cells ovate, constricted
^ near the middle, boundary slightly

raised, thickened and smooth, mouth rounded at both ends and larger at the
upper one ; a small round foramen at the lower end of each larger foramen ;
surface between the foramina with numerous irregular pits ; dorsal separation
of opposed layers perfect, vesicle rather large, oblong, with the angles rounded.

The Committee on a paper by Dr. Woodhouse, describing a new
species of Sciurus, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Description of a New Species of Sciurus.
By S. W. Woodhouse, M. D.

Sciurus dorsalis, nobis.

Description. — Ears large and broad, tufted with long black gray hairs. General
color above dark gray, with the exception of the dorsal line and a band extend¬
ing along the external base or hind part of the ear, which is of a rich ferruginous
brown color; beneath white, with the exception of the perineum, which is
gray ; cheeks grayish white ; tail very large and broad, gray above, with a broad
white margin, and white beneath.

Fur long, compact and soft; claws long, very strong and much curved, of a
black color, with the exception of their points which are light and almost trans¬
parent ; whiskers very long and black ; iris dark brown.

Dimensions of Dried Skin,

Length from nose to root of tail, about
From heel to point of longest nail,

Height of ears externally, .

(C ci to end of hair, .

Breadth of ear, .

From ear to point of nose, about ....

Tail vertebrae, about ......

“ to end of fur, about .

Inches.

13

2 8-10ths.

1 3-10ths.

2 8-10ths.
1

1 7-10ths.
8
11

Remarks. — This beautiful squirrel I procured whilst attached to the expedition
under the command of Capt. L. Sitgreaves, Topographical Engineer U. S. Army,
exploring the Zuni and the Great and Little Colorado rivers of the West, in the
month of October, 1851, in the San Francisco Mountain, New Mexico, where I
found it quite abundant, after leaving which, I did not see it again. On thereceipt
of my New Mexican collections (which contain some fine specimens, with their
crania,) I will give a fuller description.

1852.]

Ill

The Committe6 on the following communication from Dr. C. M.
Wetherill, reported lit favor of .publication :

Chemical Investigation of the Mexican Honey Ant.

By Charles M. Wetherill, Ph. D.

Several of these curious insects, described in a late number of the Proceedings,
were handed to me some time since by Dr. Leidy, with the request that I would
make a chemical examination of them. I was fearful at the time, from the
scarcity of material, and from the endosmosis and exosmosis that had apparently
taken place, (as the ants had been preserved for some time in alcohol,) that I
could not arrive at satisfactory conclusions. The difficulties were not, however,
as great as anticipated. The following are the results of my experiments.

The ants were filled with a varying quantity of the honey; in some the
abdomen was distended, in others quite flaccid. The liquid also varied;
in some being of light amber color, and in others deeper in hue. Six of
the average sjzed insects weighed 2.6533 grammes, their bodies weighed
0.288 gr. The honey, consequently, of the six ants weighed 2.3653 grammes,
and the average quantity of honey in a single ant 0.3942 gr. Since the average
weight of a single ant is 0.048, it follows that the honey which an average one of
these ants contains is 8.2 times greater than the weight of its body. The density
of the ants, when filled with honey, and that of their bodies, was ascertained by
weighing in alcohol of density 0.8309, and reducing to water as unity.

The following are the data : —

2*6533 grammes of the ants, with their honey, weighed in alcohol 0.9310 ; and
of the bodies without the honey 0.288 weighed 0.061 in alcohol.

From which the density is calculated, for the ants filled with honey at 1.28,
and for the bodies alone 1.05.

The syrup extracted from the ant had an agreeable sweet taste, the odor very
much resembling that of the syrup of squills. It reacted slightly acid to blue
litmus paper. When evaporated by the heat of steam, it dried to a gummy mass,
which did not exhibit traces of crystallization after standing for a couple of weeks.
It was very hygroscopic, becoming quickly soft from the absorption of water
from the atmosphere.

The sugar dried, as stated, by steam heat, dissolved without residue in ordi¬
nary alcohol, leaving a residue in nearly absolute alcohol. This residue dis¬
solved in ordinary alcohol completely. The alcoholic solutions were all set
aside, for several days, for crystallization, with negative results. These alco¬
holic solutions had exactly the smell of the perfumed bay rum. I call attention
to these peculiar odors, as perhaps capable, with additional evidence, of throwing
some light upon the origin of the honey.

When exposed for some time in vacuo over sulphuric acid, the syrup dries up
to a transparent gum-like mass, but without any signs of crystallization during
the process. 2.1065 of the syrup, after standing thus in vacuo for about two
weeks, weighed 1.4425, equal to a per centage of 68.478, sugar in the syrup.
When thus dried it had the rich sugar smell of candy made by heating sugar and
butter together.

Some of the honey was set aside for crystallization as removed from the insect.
After many days it was examined, but no traces of crystallization could be
observed, either with the naked eye or with the microscope. Some of the honey
was examined alone, under the microscope with high powers; no crystals wrere
observed, but here apd there fragments of organic tissue. Examined by polarized
light, some of these stood out in bright relief against the dark ground of the field,
and were at first mistaken for fragments of crystals, until a capillary like tube
was observed, which resembled these fragments, and which changed its color by
the rotation of the polarization’s plane.

No change could be observed after touching the drop under the microscope with
a drop of solution or tincture of iodine.

17

112 [June,

A drop of the honey, in a watch glass, blackened when exposed to a steam heat
with dilute sulphuric acid.

When heated with the blue solution obtained -by adding tartaric acid or solu¬
tion of potassa to sulphate of copper, a red precipitate of the suboxide of copper
fell.

Chloride of barium, ferrocyanide of potassium, and sulphate of copper, added
to an aqueous solution of the honey, gave no precipitates, either in the cold or
by heat.

Nitrate of silver gave in the cold a whitish precipitate, which changed to dark
brown by heating.

A portion of the honey heated on platinum foil- blackened, gave out fumes, and
the odor of burnt sugar, leaving a porous coke, which burned off and left an al¬
most imperceptible ash.

A portion of the substance which had been left in vacuo for two weeks was
taken for analysis by combustion with oxide of copper and chlorate of potassa.

As the honey thus dried was not perfectly hard, but of a sticky nature, it vras
necessary to introduce it into the combustion tube upon a piece of glass. 0.497
of honey gave 0.306 of water,’ and 0.684 of carbonic acid, corresponding to a per
centage of C = 37.525 and H = 6.841 0 by loss = 55.634. This corresponds, as
nearly as could be expected, under the circumstances of the analysis, with the
formula of crystallized grape sugar C12 Hm Ou as may be seen by the following

comparison :

By Calculation.

l*V • ‘ 1 '

By Analysis.

Anal. Starch Sugar by

De Saussure.

C12 36.363

37.525

37.29

H14 • 7.071

6.841

6.84

O14 56.566.

55.634

55.87

100.000

' v

100.000

_

100.00

The following analysis may be compared with my results

: 1. Diabetic sugar

by Peligot. 2. Sugar of grape, by De

Saussure. 3. Cane

sugar, by Liebig.

4. Sugar of honey, by Prout.

I.

II.

III.

IV.

C. 36.7

36.71

42.30

36.36

H 7t3

6.78

6.45

^ ^ 63.64

O 56.0

56.51

51.50

100.0

100.00

100.00

100.00

It results, I think, from these experiments that the honey contained in the
Mexican ant is a nearly pure solution of the sugar, so called, of fruits whieh is in
a state of hydration, isomeric with grape sugar, Ci2 H14 Ou, and differing from
grape sugar in not crystallizing. The phenomena of circular polarization differ
in these two named sugars ; but the want of sufficient material rendered such
comparison impossible. The honey of bees is a mixture of these two kinds of
sugar ; and as it is obtained from the pectar of flowers containing cane sugar, the
transformation into fruit and grape sugars must take place in their bodies.* As
the ant honey yields, among its reactions, one of cane sugar, viz: that of black¬
ening when heated with dilute sulphuric acid, it is possible that it may contain
an admixture of cane sugar, which would account for the imperfect correspond¬
ence of the analysis with the per centage calculated from the formula. It renders
also the supposition plausible, that these ants obtain their honey from the same
source as the bee.

With regard to the acidity of the honey, want of material prevented any expe¬
riments. Can it be formic acid, or is it acetic from the oxidation of the alcohol
in which the ants were preserved {

'Loewig-Chem. der Org. Verbindungen.

1852.]

113

A portion of the alcohol (reacting acid like the honey) neutralized by caustic
potassa, then distilled with sulphuric acid, gave an aqueous acid liquid, which, on
addition of nitrate of silver, gave a whitish precipitate, becoming black on boil¬
ing, rendering the supposition of formic acid probable.

The Committee on the two papers by Dr. Genth, entitled respectively
“On some Minerals which accompany Gold in California,” and “On
Strontiano-Calcite, a new Mineral,” reported in favor of publication in
the Proceedings.

On some Minerals , whiclo accompany Gold in California.

By Dr. F. A. Genth.

A few days ago I had an opportunity of examining a lot of Gold from the north
fork of the American River, 30 miles from Sacramento City.

The gold was in very fine scales and but a few larger pieces among them.
The following minerals have been found mixed with it, viz. :

1. Hyacinth in almost microscopic crystals, of different lengths. The longer
ones exhibit the form of the primitive square octahedron combined with the
second square prism ; the shorter o'nes have besides, a second octahedron, a
double eight-sided pyramid and the first prism ; one of the crystals I found having
a basal plane besides. They are colorless or show a smoky tinge; only a few
less perfect crystals have a grayish-brown color. Lustre perfectly adamantine.

2. Chromic Iron in rounded grains, which sometimes show faces of the regular
octahedron. Color between jet-black and iron-black. Lustre submetallic.
Streak brown. Not magnetic. Before the blowpipe with borax it gives in both
flames emerald-green beads. The powder "was decomposed by bisulphate of
potash, and the presence of sesqui-oxide of iron and chromium likewise ascer¬
tained in the moist way.

3. Ilmenite occurs in iron-black grains, which show sometimes distinctly a
basal cleavage. Lustre submetallic. Streak brownish, and iron-black. Before
the blowpipe it gives a blood-red bead, which, when saturated, can be easily
enameled. The powder is easily decomposed by bisulphate of potash; the fused
mass dissolves completely in diluted hydrochloric acid, and this solution, when
evaporated, lets fall a white powder, which gives with borax and microcosmic
salt the characteristic reactions of titanic acid. The solution in hydrochloric
acid contains nothing but sesqui-oxide of iron.

[Both Chromic Iron and Ilmenite seem to have been confounded with magnetic
iron.]

4. Flatimim. — A few steel-colored rounded grains were observed, and of

5. Iridosmine, a few lead-colored scales. The quantity of both Platinum and
Iridosmine was too small for further examination.

I will mention here, that I have examined some white grains and scales from
Stanislaus in California, which were presented to me by Prof. John Frazer,
whose brother had them collected.

The few scales of gold mixed with them were extracted by diluted aqua regia.

I then treated them with concentrated aqua regia as long as it acted upon.

The solution contained almost pure bichloride of platinum with but a trace of
iridium ; neither rhodium nor palladium could be detected in it.

The residue consists of six-sided scales of a color between lead- and tin-white.
On heating them upon platinum foil, they give out a strong odor of osmium ; they
are therefore the combination IrOs4 (or Ir OS3) known under the name of Sis-
serskite. Being heated thus, most of the scales become iridescent and assume,
like steel, yellow, orange and blue colors. I do not know that this reaction has
been observed. In order to ascertain whether every kind of iridosmine gives it,

114

[J UNE,

or whether it is peculiar to that from California, I treated some from the Oural
Mountains in the same manner, and found that most, but not all of the lead-
colored scales are oxydized and assume yellow, orange and blue colors. This
reaction seems therefore to be an important one to distinguish Sisserskite from
Newjanskite* It is very likely, too, that We find in nature but two combinations
of Iridium and Osmium, Ir Os and Ir Os4 and that Ir Os3 is Ir Os4 mixed with
some Ir Os, as it is very difficult to distinguish their color.

On Strontiano-calcite , a New Mineral.

By Dr. F. A. Genth.

Primitive form an obtuse rhombohedron (as it seems to show cleavage parallel
to the planes of a rhombohedron, similar to that of calcite) ; the secondary forms
which I observed were the second acute rhombohedron (analogous to that of
calcite of 65° -'50') and its corresponding scalene-dodecahedron. Crystals micros¬
copic and not very distinct ; in globular masses formed by an aggregate of rhom-
bohedrons, every globule terminating in the above-mentioned acute rhombohe¬
dron. Fracture uneven. H. == 3*5. Sp. gr. == ?

Colorless and transparent at the points of the aggregations, which are white
and translucent. The colorless crystals have a vitreous, the white ones a some¬
what pearly lustre.

When heated before the blowpipe it gives out a brilliant light, imparts to the
flame a slight crimson color, and is rendered caustic. Easily soluble in acids
with disengagement of carbonic acid. The solution gives a white precipitate
with sulphate of lime, but not with sulphate of strontia ; it therefore contains
strontia. After, (in another quantity of the solution,) strontia was precipitated
with sulphate of potash, the addition of oxalate of ammonia produced a precipi¬
tate of oxalate of lime.

The quantities I had at my disposal were too small to admit of a quantitative
analysis, but I presume from the quantities, precipitated with sulphate, of potash
and oxalate of ammonia, that lime and strontia are contained in Stroritiano-calcite
in about equal proportions.

The specimen was presented to me by William Wagner, Esq., who collected
it in the neighborhood of Girgenti in Sicily, where it, according to his statement,
is of rare occurrence and associated with celestine and sulphur.

In the chemico-mineralogical system it is to be placed between Dufrenoy’s
Dreelite and Plumbocalcite.

Of the carbonates which have isomorphous bases, of carbonate of lime only,
two forms, rhombohedron and rhombic prism, have been observed; of carbonate
of lead, strontia and baryta, only the rhombic form is known; but when in com¬
bination with carbonate of lime, they all likewise crystallize in the rhombohe-
drical form, thus forming Plumbo-calcite, Strontiano-calcite and Dreelite. It is
very likely, that we one of these days will meet with rhombohedrical forms of
the pure carbonates of lead, strontia and baryta.

The Committee on a paper by Messrs. Audubon and Bachman, read
this evening by special permission, describing a new species of North
American Fox, reported in favor of publication :

Description of a new North American Fox. Genus Vulpes , Cuv.

By Audubon and Bachman.

Vulpes Utah.

V. corpore grandiorc, pilis velleris longioribus nec non gracilioribus quam in
V. fulvo, cauda magna cylindracea.

Specific characters. — Larger than Vulpes fulvis ; fur longer and finer than in
that species; tail large and cylindrical.

1852.]

115

Dimensions.

From point of nose to root of tail,

Tail, (vertebra;,) .

“ (to end of hair.) . . . .

Circumference of tail, (broad'est party) .
From shoulder to fore-feet, .

From rump to hind-feet, . .

Height of ears, (posteriorly,) .

From point of nose to eye, .

Longest hairs on the brush,

“ on the body, V_ . .

Feet. Inches.
2 8

1 4

1 S

1 8

1 5

1 6

4

34

5
3

Description. — Claws slightly arched, compressed, channelled beneath, horn
color ; hair, of two kinds, first, a coarse; and long hair covering the fur beneath it;
second, a dense and very soft fine fur, composed of hairs that are straight, but
crimped and jvavy, as in the silver gray fox. Fur plumbeous at the roots,
gradually becoming dark brown towards the tips in those parts of the body which
are dark colored on the surface; in those parts which are white, the fur is white
from the roots, and on no part of the animal does it present any annulations.

The long hairs are dark-brown from the roots, yellowish-white near the mid¬
dle of their length, and are tipped writh black.

On the under surface the hairs are principally white their whole extent, with
a few black ones intermixed ; the fur on the tail is rather less fine and more
woolly than on the body.

Feet covered wflth soft hair reaching beyond the toes ; on the forehead the hair
is rather coarse and short, with fine fur beneath. From this intermixture of
hairs the animal is greyish-white on the' head, dark-brown on the neck, grayish-
brown on the dorsal line and on the sides ; the throat, under surface df the body,
insides of legs, and feet are black.

The tail is irregularly banded with dark brown and dull white, the tip white
for about three inches.

Another Specimen. — Nose, both surfaces of the legs, and behind the ears, dark
reddish-brown ; whiskers black; under side of neck, and a line on the belly, liver
brown. Fur on the back very fine, and dark ashy-gray from the roots: the
longer hairs on the back are black at the roots, and are broadly tipped with white ;
fur on the sides, cinereous at the roots, and yellowish-white from thence to the
end.

There is a reddish tinge on the neck, extending to the shoulders ; sides of the
face grizzly-brown ; the hair on the tail is irregularly clouded with brown and
dull white, and is lightest on the under surface.

This animal was first noticed, by Lewis and Clarke, as the large red fox of the
plains, (vol. 2, p. 168,) and was referred to by us in the first volume of the
Quadrupeds of North America, p. 54, where we described it from a hunter’s skin.

Having obtained a beautiful specimen from Captain Rhett, of the United States
Army, we now propose for it the name of Vulpes Utah , as it is, so far as our
information extends, chiefly found in the Utah territory, although it probably
ranges considerably north of the Great Salt Lake.

The habits of this beautiful fox are similar to those of the Red Fox, and it
runs into many varieties of color.

Captain Rhett informed us that he killed the specimen, kindly presented to us
by him, near Fort Larimee.

Several specimens of Vulpes Utah have been received at the Smithsonian Insti¬
tution, and it will probably soon be well known.

116

[June,

'

The Committee to which was referred a paper by Dr. Le Conte,
entitled “ Synopsis of the species of Pterostichus,” reported in favor of
publication in the Journal.

, . f ' v' ' ■ Y ■ 1

ELECTION.

Mr. Joseph Lea and Dr. William H. Tingley, both of Philadelphia,
were elected Members of the Academy,

• ' )r

. . • v • .

’ . 'j t . . ; - r . •

. " \ ' ' ' ». 1

1852.]

117

%

July 6th, 1852.

Dr. Elwyn in the Chair.

A paper was presented from Professor S. F. Baird and Mr. Charles
Girard, intended for publication in the Proceedings, entitled “ Charac¬
teristics of some new Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Insti¬
tution, which was referred to Dr. Hallowell, Dr. Le Conte, and Dr.
Leidy.

Dr. Wetherill read a paper intended for publication in the Proceed¬
ings, entitled “ Further examination of the Phoenixville Molybdate of
Lead.” Referred to Mr. Ashmead, Mr. Yaux, and Dr. Rand.

Dr. Wetherill read a second paper, entitled “ Chemical examination
of the food of the Queen Bee.” Referred to Dr. Bridges, Dr. Rand,
and Mr. Yaux.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the American Philosophical
Society, dated June 21st, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of No. 2,
Vol. 6, and index and title page Yol. 5, of the Proceedings.

Dr. Leidy called the attention of the members to a fragment of a fossil ox head,
found by Dr. Samuel Brown in a creek 'emptying into the Ohio river, and now
deposited in the cabinet of the Academy by the American Philosophical Society.
Notwithstanding its larger size and its locality, Cuvier considered it the same as
the Bos priscus. Harlan named it Bos latifrons. It belongs to a species of
Bison, and is, with very little doubt, distinct from the Bison priscus, and should
be called Bison latifrons.

Another fragment exhibited belonged to a smaller animal. The horn core is
relatively more conoidal and curved than in Bison latifrons. The specimen was
found at Big-bone-lick, Kentucky, and probably indicates a distinct species, for
which the name Bison antiquus was proposed.

Dr. L. further stated he had been studying the extinct Edentata of North
America, and had come to the conclusion, that there were probably four species
of Megalonyx, M. Jeffersonii, Harlan, M. laqueatus, Harlan, ?M. potens, Leidy ,
and M. dissimilis, Leidy ; one species of Mylodon, the M. Harlani, Owen ; and
one species of Megatherium, which is probably distinct from that of South
America, and might be called with propriety M. mirabile, Leidy. The jaw
figured by Prof. Owen, in the Voyage of the Beagle, Foss. Mam. pi. xxix, Dr.L.
observed, he was satisfied did not belong to the Megalonyx Jeffersonii, as sup¬
posed by Mr. Owen, but to a new genus and species, for which the name
Gnathopsis Oweni was proposed.

July Y&th.

Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from Professor J. P. Kirtland, dated East Rockport,
Ohio, June 26th, 1822, accompanying the donations announced at a late
meeting of the Academy.

Also a letter from Dr. Johannes Gistl, dated Munich, April 21st,
1852, accompanying his donations to the Library announced this
evening.

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA. — VOL. VI. NO. IV.

19

118 [July,

Dr. Grenth read a paper describing a new mineral, Rhodophyllite, which
was referred to Mr. Vaux, Dr. Wetherill, and Dr. Bridges.

Dr. Owen, in presenting to the Society a specimen of Fusulina Lime¬
stone, and Tutenmergel, made the following remarks: —

The specimen of Fusulina cylindrica is from the carboniferous limestone on the
west side of the Missouri river, below Fort Kearney. One bed Ao{ limestone
there is a complete agglutinated mass of this interesting little foraminiferous
shell, which is almost the form and size of a grain of wheat, so that those unac¬
quainted with the fossil take it to be “ petrified wheat.”

Previous to its discovery on the Missouri river, during the geological survey
made by me in 1849, it had been found, I believe, only in isolated specimens in
a siliceous stratum towards the base of the coal measures of Ohio. In Europe it
has only been found in Russia. Both in this country and Europe it appears to be
confined to the carboniferous rocks.

The specimen of Tutenmergel is from Keeth’s Rapid, on the Des Moines river,
Iowa, where it occurs in great perfection in very perfect cones with a fine
crimped surface, and possessing internally the structure of Arragonite. The Tu¬
tenmergel of this locality proves to my. mind that its form cannot be due to
simple shrinkage of the strata, as believed by most persons, but is a crystalliza¬
tion, with simultaneous infiltration of calcareous waters — a stalactitic formation,
not in the atmosphere, but within the substance of its argillaceous matrix.

The bed at Keeth’s Rapid is only four or five inches thick ; but it occurs in
much thicker beds — nine inches or more — lower dowTn near Amsterdam and else¬
where on the Des Moines, but not in as pure a form, and almost of a black
color, while the Keeth bed is almost as colorless as calc spar.

July 20 th.

Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From Professor Lepsius, dated Berlin, June 20th, 1852, accompany¬
ing his donation to the Library announced this evening.

From Dr. Samuel Webber, of Charlestown, New Hampshire, accom¬
panying specimens of the fins and tail of a Fish, in the substance of
which were numerous hard granules. The letter also enclosed the fol¬
lowing communication on the subject

« In the town of Unity, about twelve miles from the place of my residence, is
a small body of water known by the name of Cold Pond. It abounds with fish
of the kind usually found in such waters, viz., roach, bream, perch and pickerel.
They are plump, firm, and well flavored, but almost uneatable in consequence of
a peculiarity which I have never observed nor heard of in these kinds of fish in
other localities. This peculiarity is that through the bodies of these fish are scat¬
tered numerous small blackish grains of a globular form, and of about the size of
mustard seed, quite hard, and which annoy the teeth so much in the act of masti¬
cation, as to take away all comfort of eating. Sometimes these little bodies are
single, sometimes clustered together more or less. They pervade even the fins
and tail, as may be seen by some specimens that I forward in company with this
brief sketch. Of the nature and cause of this unusual condition of the fish, or of
the substance of these little pellets, nothing is known. It has been conjectured
that the water of the pond is more or less impregnated, in parts at least consider¬
ably, by some mineral spring, and that the particles of some mineral held in
solution by it, are taken into the circulation of the fish, and by some process of
decomposition are deposited in small tubercular aggregations in the various parts
of the body.”

1852.]

July 27 tli.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

119

The Committee to which was referred Dr. WetherilTs paper on the
Phocnixville Molybdate of Lead, reported in favor of publication in the
Proceedings.

Further Examination oj the F hcenixville Molybdate of Lead .

By Charles M. Wetherill, Ph. D.

In the Proceedings for the 30th March of this year, is a description of a red
variety of Molybdate of Lead, examined qualitatively by me, and in which it is
stated that I could not detect chromium either by the moist way, or before the
blow pipe. In the July number of Silliman’s Journal, page 105, among the min-
eralogical notices by Mr. W. T. Blake, he observes that the specimens from the
Wheatley mine, which he mistook for chromate of lead, have been found to be the
molybdate containing chromic acid. I find also in Dana’s Mineralogy, under the
head of this mineral, the observation that “ a red variety contains a few per cent,
of chromic acid.” In my former analysis I looked particularly for this acid
without finding it. Supposing that Mr. Blake had been more fortunate than my¬
self, I repeated the examination on larger quantities of mineral, and with great
care, but have no reason to change what was before written. About one deci¬
gramme of the pulverized molybdate was dissolved in boiling concentrated hydro¬
chloric acid. No chlorine could be detected, as would have been the case were
chromic acid present. After boiling for some time to reduce the hypothetical
acid to sesquioxide of chromium, enough water was added to dissolve the formed
chloride of lead, and then sulphuric acid in excess. The solution was yellow, and
when drops of the liquid had reached the hot sides of the capsule the blue molybde¬
num compound was formed, which gave with the yellow solution a green tinge to
those parts. The lead being thus separated in combination with sulphuric acid,
to the filtrate was added hydrosulphuret of ammonium, which kept in solution
the sulphnret of molybdenum thus formed, and precipitated sulphuret of iron, which
shouLd contain sesquioxide of chromium, if chromic acid were in the mineral.
This sulphuret of iron was removed from the solution, oxidized by nitric acid,
precipitated hot by ammonia, then washed, and the ashes of the filter fused with
nitre and carbonate of soda. The result was the slightest shade greenish, as if
from the presence of minute traces of manganese, but not in the least yellow, nor
did it give a yellow solution with water, nor did the solution, neutralized exactly
by ammonia and nitric acid, give, as would be the case with chromic acid, the
purple red precipitate of the chromate of silver on addition of the nitrate. The
reactions of chromium are so decided that the presence of this metal could hardly
escape the notice of one looking for it. I have not yet been able to obtain a suf¬
ficient quantity of the mineral for a quantitative examination. This compound
may possibly be an acid molybdate, analogous to many chromates which when
neutral are yellow, and red when acid.

The Committee on the following paper by Dr. Wetherill, reported in
favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Chemical Examination of the Food of the Queen Bee .

By Charles M. Wetherill, Ph. D.

A specimen was given to me by Dr. Leidy, from Mr. Langstroth, of the food
of the queen bee. It was an oblong mass, consisting of two differently colored
layers, the inner one horn-like and transparent, the outer whitish and more
opaque. Under the microscope, with high powers, it appears amorphous. It was

120

[July,

heavier than water, of the consistency of wax, but sticky and elastic. It contains
Wax, which is in larger quantity in the white than in the inner layer. Heated on
the platinum foil a portion of the body melts and flows to another paTt of the
platinum, where by further heating it diffuses the odor of wax. The residue does
not melt, but swells up by greater heat, with a smell of burned leather, and leaves
a porous coke, burning off with great difficulty, and with a slight ash. The sub¬
stance in warm water is softened and partly dissolves, leaving white insoluble
flakes; the filtrate gives a precipitate on boiling, which precipitate does not melt
by heat, nor is it soluble in alcohol or ether. The original substance does not
dissolve in alcohol or ether, but in the latter menstruum is covered on the sur¬
face with a white coating. In warm dilute hydrochloric acid it is slightly attacked,
but not completely dissolved. Tested for nitrogen by Lassaigne’s method, by
fusion with sodium and obtaining the precipitate of Prussian blue, it indicated the
presence of considerable quantities of that element. As the body appears to be
composed of at least three substances, and the quantity at my disposal weighed
but three decigrammes, I was unable to subject it to an ultimate analysis.

From its reactions it appears to contain, besides wax, albumen and protein
compounds. It is truly a bread containing albuminous compounds, which
would probably prove, on analysis, similar to the gluten of wheat, for the nourish¬
ment of the plastic organs of the body. The examination of this substance was
interesting in connection with the Mexican ant honey. The latter contains
no nitrogen, and would therefore seem incapable alone of affording nourishment
to the young insect, as supposed by some, and which young, in the case of bees,
are fed by pollen. Perhaps the accumulation of honey in the ant is the result of
a disease like diabetes ; though it would seem improbable that it should be a dis¬
ease so widely diffused. These ants do not, I suppose, make wax or an analogous
substance, which is the use of the honey of the bee.

The examination of compounds occurring in the lower animals, which are also
the result of the decomposition of amylaceous and albuminous substances, and a
comparison of these compounds with the animal’s food, has been much neglected
by chemists. Yet it would seem that the study of certain decompositions deemed
physiologically important, could be more readily carried out upon those lower
orders whose organs are less complex. The food of animals is in general very
similar, as well in the percentage proportion of its constituents as in the rational
formulae of its elements. It consists, as is well known, of nitrogenized com¬
pounds for formation, and amylaceous ones for respiration. The amylaceous
compounds, in particular, have been well studied in all their transformations out
of the body, and to a certain extent as occurring in man and in a few animals.
The three principal radicals of this class, amyl, ethyl, and formyl, and their
compounds and derivatives, are well known. It is therefore significant, and sug¬
gestive of further research, when we find the three acids of their alcohol radicals
in the animal, as valerianic in the oil of Delphinus globiceps, acetic in man, &c.,
and formic in the ant ; these acids and other products of decomposition of the
three radicals being besides found in other animals and in plants, and some in a
diseased state of plant or animal. If it be desirable to study that mysterious
force, the vital, how can it be done but by its effects, for which nature must be
cross-examined in her every form. This is the more important, as we find vitality
to determine the resolution of the same food into different products in different
animals, as may be required for their existence. We have a beautiful example
of this in the case of the bee. One of the simplest transformations of an organic
compound is that of cane to grape sugar ; it requires merely the absorption of two
equivalents of water by the former. Grape sugar appears by the phenomena of
fermentation to be more readily decomposable than cane sugar ; and we accord¬
ingly find this change taking place in the body of the bee in the formation of its
honey, which is to be worked up again into wax. When cane sugar is given to
bees for the formation of wax, wax is indeed formed, but apparently with more
difficulty, and does not detach itself readily as in wax from honey. This excre¬
ment of honey compared with food is probably the simplest occurring in animal
life.

1852*3

121

The relation of food to respiration and nourishment in man and kindred ani¬
mals has been well set forth by Liebig in his Animal Chemistry. According to
this author, an equivalent of starch is changed into fat by losing one equivalent
of carbonic acid, and seven equivalents of oxygen. Now, since wax bears a great
analogy to the fats, it may be supposed to be derived from honey in a similar manner.
Wax composed of cerine and myricine has a composition of C34H34O2 ; anhydrous
grape sugar C12H12O12, or three equivalents C36H36O36, two equivalents carbonic
acid, two of water, and twenty-eight oxygen ; three equivalents of grape sugar
would yield one of wax. That wax is produced from honey is shown by Grund-
laeh, (Natural History of Bees,) as quoted by Liebig. The air in the hive during
the formation of wax should contain an excess of oxygen, which has not been
shown by analysis, that 1 am aware of.

Grundlach supposes that honey is alone necessary to the support of bees with¬
out nitrogenized substances like pollen, and instances the fact that bees often
starve in April when their honey is consumed, and when they can obtain pollen
from the fields, but no honey. But this, perhaps, only proves that much honey is
necessary to their existence, owing no doubt to the large expenditure in the for¬
mation of wax, and which is not voluntary but continually going on. For the
same author has observed that bees shut up and fed without a queen, will not
build up honey comb, although the wax laminae will continue to be secreted from
their bodies. If there is any analogy between bees and the vertebrata, that
nitrogenized compounds are as necessary to the formation of the plastic organs as
the non-nitrogenized are to the respiration, (and it would seem thus probable from
the fact that the queen bee, the fruit of whose labor requires much nitrogen,
lives on highly nitrogenized food,) it seems as incredible that bees should be sup¬
ported entirely by honey, as that man should be by starch only.

A careful examination of the relation between food and its transformation in
the bodies of such animals, would no doubt throw great light upon mooted points
in physiology ; and the many differences in the nature of the products, which
could no doubt be reconciled with the laws of chemistry, would in themselves
afford one of the strongest proofs in favor of the theories with which they
might agree.

The Committee on Dr. Genth’s paper, describing a new Mineral, re¬
ported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

On Rhodophyllite , a New Mineral.

By Dp.. F. A. Genth.

Primitive form most probably hexagonal ; sometimes small six-sided laminae.
Cleavage basal, eminent. Usually in masses consisting of foliated scales.

H = 2-5. Sp. gr. (at 77° F.) = 2-617.

Color of fine scales between greyish and silver-white and peach-blossom red ;
masses of the latter color. Streak reddish white. Lustre pearly. Subtrans¬
parent ; subtranslucent. Scales flexible, but not elastic. The powder greasy
to the touch.

Yields water in the matrass. Heated before the blowpipe, it becomes silver-
white, with a greyish-green tint ; small scales are rounded at the edges, and
become brownish from the oxidation of the iron ; dissolves in borax and micro-
cosmic salt, and gives in both flames emerald green beads ; by the latter reagent
a skeleton of silicic acid is separated; with soda in the oxidizing flame it forms
a yellow mass. Hydrochloric acid apparently does not act upon it; sulphuric
acid acts slowly upon the fine powder, but the mineral previously heated to red¬
ness is almost completely decomposed by it, with separation of silicic acid as
a jelly.

122

[July,

Composition : 3 (RO, Si 03) -f- 2 (R2 03,

S1O3) + 9 (MgO, HO.)

According

to analysis it contains :

Silicic acid

= 33-41 .

. 32-98

contains oxygen

17-12

Sesquioxide of chromium j

6-85

2-12

Alumina . . . >

= 18-15 .

. 11-11

a

5-19

Oxide of iron . . . )

1-43

a

0-32

Oxide of nickel

trace

Magnesia *

= 35-86 .

. 35.22

n

14-08

Lime ...

trace

Lithia . • . #

Soda . • . . J

• = 0-28 .

. 0-28

»

0-11

Potash ....

= 0-10 .

. 0-10

0-02

Water ....

= 12-79 .

. 13-12

(t

11-66

100-59

101-09

Found near Texas in Lancaster county, associated with chromic iron, gymnite,
nickel-gymnite and other minerals.

Considering sesquioxide of chromium and alumina as isomorphous bases, and
in the same manner oxide of iron and the small quantities of alkalies isomor¬
phous with magnesia, the oxygen ratio of

RO :

R2 O3

: SiOs :

HO is

14 53 :

7-31

: 17-12 ;

11-66,

= 1-99 :

1

: 2-34 ;

1-6, which is very near

= 1 :

2

4

: 5 :

£

3, and gives the equivalents

in the following proportion :

RO .

R2O3

: SiOs

: HO

12 :

2

: 5

: 9, or the formula —

m & • fj • */) Ul lUC

3 (RO, Si03) -f 2 (R203, SiOs) -j- 9(MgO, HO).

In the chemico-mineralogical system, this mineral is to be placed among
the Silicates of bases RO + -K2 O3 + Hydrates , and it has some relation
to Chlorite and Ripidolite. Besides, most of its physical and chemical proper¬
ties seem to be identical with Fiedler’s Rhodochrorn, a mineral from Tino in
Greece and some localities in the Oural Mountains, which by G. Rose is consi¬
dered a serpentine, containing a large quantity of chromium ; but the latter has
a greenish-black color, and dissolves in hydrochloric acid. As no quantitative
analysis of it has been published, further examinations have to prove what rela¬
tions exist between these minerals. I at least consider it useless to speak about
identity, if it cannot be proved by analysis.

Another mineral, much resembling Rhodophyllite, but of a different composi¬
tion, is Kammererite.

In the following I will give a brief report of the data of the analysis, and the

modes which were adopted in separating the different

ingredients.

I. 2-0490 grammes of the mineral gave :

Water .

0-2689

grammes.

Silicic acid . .

0-6759

u

Sesquioxide of chromium

0-1403

«

Alumina .

0-2277

Sesquioxide of iron .

0.0327

t(

Oxide of nickel .....

trace

{(

Pyrophosphate of magnesia

2-0084

t(

Lime .......

trace

te

TI. 1-7406 grammes gave :

Chloride of lithium, sodium and potassium

0-0138

grammes.

Platinum ......

0-0036

“

1852.]

123

III. 2*4806 grammes gave:

Silicic acid

Sesquioxide of iron j

cs chromium >

Alumina \

Pyrophosphate of magnesia
Magnesia

IV. 2.6148 grammes gave:

Water ....

0*8288 grammes.

0*4502 “

2*3499 “

0*0451 “

0*3344 grammes.

In analysis No. I. the fine powder was fused in a platinum crucible with car¬
bonate of soda and nitrate of potash ; the fused mass was decomposed by hydro¬
chloric acid, and evaporated to dryness ; the dry mass moistened with hydro¬
chloric acid, heated and filtered. The silicic acid, thus separated, containing
still a small quantity of chromium, etc., was fused a second time by carbonate of
soda, and treated as above; the solution containing the small quantity of chro¬
mium was added to the other part. The acid liquid containing in solution the
sesquioxides of chromium and iron, alumina and magnesia, was very nearly
neutralized by carbonate of soda, and precipitated by carbonate of baryta. The
mixture was often stirred, and after two days filtered. The weaker bases were
completely precipitated, and did not contain a trace of magnesia. The precipi¬
tate of alumina, the sesquioxides of iron and chromium, and the excess of car¬
bonate of baryta, were treated with sulphuric acid and the soluble sulphates
filtered from the insoluble sulphate of baryta. The filtrate was precipitated by
ammonia and boiled, to prevent the dissolution of sesquioxide of chromium. This
precipitate, after having been filtered and dried, was finely powdered, and fused
with carbonate of soda and nitrate of potash, in order to oxidize the sesquioxide
of chromium into chromic acid. From the solution in water alumina was preci¬
pitated by carbonate of ammonia. The filtrate was then acidulated with hydro¬
chloric acid, the chromic acid reduced by alcohol, and the sesquioxide of chro¬
mium precipitated from the boiling solution by ammonia.

After baryta had been separated by sulphuric acid from the filtrate of the weak
bases, magnesia was precipitated from the ammoniacal solution by phosphate of
ammonia, with the requisite precautions. In analysis No. III. I decomposed
the finely powdered mineral (previously heated to redness) by evaporation with
sulphuric acid. The silicic acid not having a white color, was fused with car¬
bonate of soda and nitrate of potash as above, and the solution containing
alumina, sesquioxides of chromium and iron, and magnesia added to the other
parts. The sesquioxides were separated from magnesia by carbonate of baryta.

The solution containing the magnesia, from which baryta was separated by
sulphuric acid, and to which an excess of chloride of ammonium had been added,
gave with ammonia a white gelatinous precipitate, which was insoluble in caustic
potash, but it gave the other reactions of magnesia. In analyzing this mineral
I tried at first to separate magnesia from the sesquioxides by chloride of ammo¬
nium and ammonia, but although I had ounces of ammoniacal salts in solution,
only half of the magnesia (17 per cent.) remained in solution. I dissolved and
precipitated thus three times, but at last I had to give it up, and separated the
balance which was remaining with the weak bases by carbonate of baryta. I
never before had such difficulties in separating alumina from magnesia, and H.
Rose, in his newest edition, is still in favor of this method, and separated the
small quantity of magnesia, which always falls down With the alumina, by dis¬
solving the latter in caustic potash. I shall make further experiments with the
magnesia separated from Rhodophyllite, and intend to make communication of
my results to the Academy, if I find them interesting enough.

For the estimation of the alkalies, the mineral, previously heated to redness,
was decomposed by sulphuric acid, the soluble sulphates were boiled with car¬
bonate of baryta, and the carbonates of the alkalies with traces of magnesia
extracted by water. The solution was evaporated to dryness, dissolved and
filtered from some magnesia which remained ; but the last trace of it was sepa-
rated by oxide of mercury after the carbonates were converted into chlorides.

124

[August,

The chlorides were weighed together, dissolved in water, and on the addition
of bichloride of platinum evaporated to dryness, and the remaining double salt
of bichloride of platinum and potassium extracted by alcohol. This salt was
heated to redness (as its quantity was very small,) and the platinum separated
by water from the chloride of potassium. From the quantity of platinum, that
of potash and chloride of potassium was calculated, and the latter subtracted
from the whole amount of alkali-metals. The difference is the weight of
chloride of sodium and lithium, but their quantity is too small for a correct
analysis. From reactions it was supposed that the mineral contained about
equal proportions of those. Fluorine and phosphoric or boracic acid could not
be detected.

ELECTION.

Mr. James L. Claghorn, of Philadelphia, Mr. George M. Keim, of
Reading, Pennsylvania, and Dr. G. Bischoff, of the same place, were
elected Members ; and

Dr. Henry G. Dalton, of Demerara, was elected a Correspondent.

August 3 d.

Vice-President Bridges in the chair.

A communication from Prof. S. F. Baird was read, stating that the
Vulpes Utah , of Audubon and Bachman, described in the last No. of the
Proceedings (for May and June) is identical with the V. macrourus9
Baird, described in Capt. Stansbury’s Report of the Exploration of Utah.
As this Report was published early in June, the writer claims priority
of date for the latter name.

Dr. LeConte read a paper intended for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled “ Remarks on the Coccinellidae of the United States,” which
was referred to Dr. Watson, Dr. Hallowell and Mr. Kilvington.

Dr. LeConte read a second communication, also intended for publi¬
cation, entitled “ Description of a new species of Trombidium.” Referred
to the same Committee.

August 10 th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from Dr. J. P. Heister, for Dr. Bischoff of Read¬
ing, Pennsylvania, dated August 5th, 1852, acknowledging the receipt
of the notice of election of the latter as a member of the Academy.

A circular was received from Mr. Francis S. Holmes, Curator of the
Museum of Natural History in the College of Charleston, dated July
1852, giving an account of the establishment of the Museum, and re¬
questing the transmission of duplicate specimens in exchange, and the
publications of the Academy ) and also offering to present a specimen of
a recent Crinoid from the coast of South Carolina.

The communication was referred, on motion, to the Curators.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the Linnean Society of Lon¬
don, dated June 23d, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of the last No.

125

1852.]

of the Journal, of late Nos. of the Proceedings, and of previous Nos.
of the same, deficient in the series of that Society.

August %kih.

Prof. Haldeman in the Chair.

Letters were read

From Lieut. W. S. Boyd, U. S. Marine Corps, dated Valparaiso,
June 27th, 1852, referring to a collection of shells now offered for sale
by Mr. Weld, Purser U. S. N.

From Prof. Ehrlich, dated Linez, April 3, 1 852, presenting the works
announced this evening.

From M. Laporte, Sr., dated Bordeaux, May 4, 1852, in reference
to an exchange of foreign insects for those of this country.

August 81s£.

Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair.

The Committee on the following paper by Prof. Baird and Mr. Chas.
Girard, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Characteristics of some New Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian

Institution.

By Spencer F. Baird and Charles Girard.

SECOND PART,

Containing the species of the Saurian order, collected by John H. Clark, under

Col. J. D. Graham, head of the Scientific Corps U. S. and Mexican Boundary

Commission, and a few others from the same or adjoining territories, obtained

from other sources, and mentioned under their special headings.

Holbrookia texana, B. and G. — Cophosaurus texanus , Trosch. Arch, fur
Naturg. for 1850, (published in 1852,) 389. Tab. VI.

This species, easily distinguished from H. maculata , attains a larger size and
is provided with a more elongated tail. The body above and the lower surface
of the head are grayish, maculated with small yellowish white subcircular dots ;
on the upper surface of the tail and hind legs there are transverse bands of black.
On the posterior half of the abdomen there are two black crescents, the convexity
of which is posterior, and extending from near the back to the belly, without
coming into contact either above or below. The space between the crescents,
as well as an anterior and posterior area, are yellowish white on the back and
blue on the belly. The breast, the medial line of the belly, the inferior surface
of thighs and tail, are unicolor, of a uniform yellowish white ; the tail underneath
presents seven or more large subquadrangular or subcircular black patches. In
the female, the abdominal crescents are represented by two lateral spots.

Localities. — Along the Rio San Pedro, a tributary of the Rio Grande del Norte.

Holbrookia affinis, B. and G. — This species comes nearest to H. texana ,
from which however it can be readily distinguished by its more slender form and
its proportionally larger dorsal scales and superciliary plates. The coloration
differs but little from the former in the female, to which sex the only specimen
in our possession belongs. The back however is darker, scattered with black
spots, of which two dorsal rows may be followed from the occiput to the base of
the tail, where they meet and constitute a crescent or an angle, the convexity of

126 [August,

which is directed backwards. The tail underneath is provided with black patches
similar to those in H. tezana.

Locality . — Found with the preceding species.

Holbrookia propinqua, B. and G. — This species, very closely allied to H.
maculata, is most readily distinguished by a more slender form of body and a
more elongated tail. Another character is found in the possession of a more
depressed and protruding snout. On the sides of the abdomen there are some¬
times two, but generally three, black patches, whilst in H. maculata these con¬
ditions are reversed.

Localities. — Between Indianola and San Antonio (Texas.) We possess one
individual of the same species, collected by R. H. Kern, Esq., in a more south¬
westerly locality.

Holbrookia maculata, G. — Specimens of this species were obtained on the
boundary line between San Antonio (Texas) and El Paso del Norte, thus extend¬
ing greatly its geographical range.

Crotaphytus Gambelii, B. and G. — Of the size, shape and general appear¬
ance of C. Wislizenii , from which however it can be readily distinguished by
the larger scales both on the back and belly. The head is likewise more ovoidal ;
at any rate the plates which cover its surface are larger, especially on the occipi¬
tal region. The scales on the sides of the head are larger than in C. Wislizenii ,
especially those of the temporal region. The general distribution of color is
the same as in C. Wislizenii; the only difference consists in the absence of the
small yellowish white dots spread all over the body of the latter species. The
transverse yellowish markings appear also to be more conspicuous.

Locality. — Not precisely known; collected by the late Dr. Wm. Gambel
during his last visit to California. Specimens also in the Academy of Natural
Sciences.

crotaphytus dorsalis, B. and G. — A small and very characteristic species.
The snout is short, truncated or rather rounded, giving to the head a much greater
resemblance to that of C. collaris than to that of either C. Wislizenii or C.
Gambelii. The scales are proportionally larger than in any of the known species
of the genus. Along the dorsal line, a row of still larger and carinated scales,
constitutes another very distinctive mark between this species and the others, its
congeners. The tail seems rather compressed and is one and a half times the length
of the body. The ground color above is bluish brown wdth crowded yellowish-
white subcircular spots. The tail is alternately semi-annulated with bluish-
browrn and yellowish-w'hite. The lower part of the body is unicolor, except
under the head, where there are several narrow and oblique bluish streaks.

Locality. — Desert of Colorado, California. Collected by Dr. John L. LeConte.

This species, according to the notes of Dr. LeConte, in running, carries its
body very high above the ground, with the tail frequently elevated over the back,
somewhat like a squirrel. It runs with very great swiftness, over the sand,
making for its hole whenever pursued.

Uta ornata, B. and G. — This species maybe distinguished from U. Stansbu-
ricma , of which it has the general appearance, by a dorsal space covered with
five or six rows of scales larger than those on the sides of the body. Along the
middle of the sides there exists one row of small scutellac imitating the lateral
line in fishes. The ground color is reddish-brown with transversely elongated
black patches all along the upper part of the body and tail. The belly is uni¬
color in the female, whilst it is blue in the male.

Localities. — On the Rio San Pedro (Texas) and province of Sonora. Speci¬
mens of the same species w'ere collected by Dr. John L. LeConte at San Diego
(Cal.) and San Francisco (Cal.)

Sceloporus Poinsettii, B. and G. — Sc. torquatus var. B. Wiegm.? — This
species, although more intimately related to Sc. torquatus than to any other of
the same genus, is nevertheless easily distinguishable from the latter by the form
and structure of the scales on the middle region of the back, which are subcircu-

1852.]

127

lar, very thin, without carinae and finely denticulated posteriorly. On the sides,
the upper part of the legs and on the tail, the scales taper posteriorly into a sharp
point. The plates on the upper surface of the head are rather small and irregu¬
lar in shape, except the occipital, which is larger than in any other allied species.
The general color is olivaceous, reddish on the back and sides, with transverse
dorsal black bands, much broader and more distinct on the tail. There is also a
black collar convex backwards, embracing the region of the neck above and
terminating in advance of the origin of the fore legs.

At the request of Col. J. D. Graham, we have dedicated this species to the
memory of the late Hon. Joel R. Poinsett, whose name is associated with the
progress of science and the useful arts throughout his public career, especially
while Secretary of War of the United States.

Localities. — Rio San Pedro of the Rio Grande del Norte, and the province of
Sonora.

Sceloporus Clarkii, B. and G. — Allied to both Sc. tor quatus and Sc. spinosus,
it resembles the former in the presence of an imperfect black collar, which is
more distinct in the young. This, however, is never seen to form a complete
crescent on the neck, but is gradually diminishing in width from its origin in
advance of the fore legs towards the upper part of the body. From Sc. spinosus
it differs by having proportionally much larger scales on the temporal region, and
all the scales terminated by a much less developed posterior point. The body is
uniform yellowish green, excepting the band of black on the sides of the head.
The male has a bluish abdomen, indistinctly black along the middle region. The
lower surface of the head is blue, on the middle region surrounded with black.

Dedicated to John H. Clark, to whose skill as a collector, and untiring zeal for
science, the world is indebted for the splendid zoological collections sent and
brought home by Col. Graham from the survey of the Mexican boundary.

Locality. — Province of Sonora.

Sceloporus Thayerii, B. and G. — This species has the general appearance of
Sc. scalaris and Sc. graciosus. It differs from both by a very readily apprecia¬
ble character, which consists in the possession of much larger scales on the upper
region of the body. The color is yellowish green above, with two longitudinal
bands of brown or black, and two yellow ones, on each side. Sometimes, instead
of bands, a series of small patches of the same color is observed, the black
patches also form transverse and undulating narrow bands. The belly is uniform
yellow underneath, the male has on each side an elongated patch of blue, with a
narrow band of black along the abdominal margin. Under the throat there is a
medial black patch, limiting on each side another blue spot.

At the request of Col. Graham likewise, we have dedicated this species to Col.
Sylvanus Thayer, of the U. S. Engineer corps, and the founder of the present
system of instruction at the U. S. Military Academy at West Point, as a tribute
to the high scientific attainments and valuable services in his profession as an
officer.

Localities. — Indianola, on the Gulf of Mexico, San Antonio, (Texas,) El Paso
del Norte, and as far westward as the province of Sonora.

Sceloporus dispar, B. and G. — No species of the genus Sceloporus will be
more easily recognizable than the present one, on account of the great disparity
which exists between the scales on the upper part of the body and those on the
tail, the latter being twice as large and more strongly carinated. The scales on
the abdomen are likewise a little larger than those on the back. The color in the
only specimen which we have hitherto seen of this species is uniform blackish
green, but as it has been collected for a long time, the color may have changed
considerably. The head is reddish brown. The abdomen in the male is blue
from the fore to the hind legs, leaving a medial narrow space of the color of the
throat and thighs, and along which a narrow black band separates it from the
blue.

Locality. — Vera Cruz. Sent by Dr. Burroughs to the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, where the specimen described is preserved.

128

[August,

Genus Cnemidophorus.

A. With eight rows of abdominal scales.

Cnemidophorus marmoratus, B. and G. — This species is so closely allied to
Cn. tigris figured in Stansbury’s Report on the great Salt Lake, that, at first
sight, it is difficult to perceive the differences. These consist in the proportional
size of the scales, which are smaller on the back and larger on the tail and belly,
in Cn. marmorams than in Cn. tigris. The head is broader on the vertex in Cn.
marmoratus than in Cn. tigris. Differences in the shape of the cephalic plates
are likewise obvious when the two species are compared. The hind legs are
more developed in Cn. marmoratus than in Cn. tigris , the scales which cover
their under surface are larger and extend over a greater area. The ground color
is yellowish green, marbled with black, except on the head and posterior part of
the tail.

Locality. — Between San Antonio (Texas) and El Paso del Norte.

Cnemidophorus Grahamii, B. and G. — This is a large and beautiful species,
strongly suggestive of Cn. tigris, from which it differs by a much smaller and
narrower head, and by some differences in the proportional size of the cephalic
plates. The scales on the upper region of the body are still more minute than in
Cn. marmoratus. Those on the margin of the subgular fold are much larger than
in either Cn. tigris and Cn. marmoratus . The head is olivaceous ; the ground
color of the body reddish-green, with seven or eight longitudinal series of sub-
quadrangular black dots, constituting sometimes continuous bands. This species
is dedicated to the accomplished officer to whom the U. S. and Mexican boundary
survey was, for a short time, entrusted. His name has long been associated
with the progress of science in the United States, from the date of the first ex¬
pedition of Major Long, to the present time, and we take great pleasure in ten¬
dering this especial mark of respect.

Locality. — Found with the preceding species.

Cnemidophorus gularis, B. and G. — Allied to Cn. sexlineatus , of which it
has the general appearance. The body, however, is shorter, the fore and hind
legs are more developed, and the scales on the upper region of the body smaller
than in the latter species. Another very striking difference is to be found on the
subgular fold, where the marginal scales are considerably larger than in Cn.
sexlineatus .

Localities. — From Indianola, (Texas,) and the valley of the Rio San Pedro, a
tributary of the Rio Grande del Norte.

Cnemidophorus perplexus, B. and G. — This species has the general appear¬
ance of Cn. Grahamii , having like the latter a proportionally small and narrow
head, which distinguishes at once these from both Cn. tigris and Cn. marmoratus.
From Cn. Grahamii it differs by the absence of large scales on the margin of the
subgular fold. The scales on the upper part of the body are nearly the same,
but those on the belly are larger in Cn. perplexus than in Cn. Grahamii. The
ground color is yellowish green, with seven yellowish stripes extending from the
occiput to the origin of the tail.

Localities. — Valley of the Rio San Pedro of the Rio Grande del Norte. Speci¬
mens were also collected by Gen. Churchill, on the Rio Grande west of San
Antonio, (Texas,) and by Dr. William Gambel on his last journey to California.

Cnemidophorus gracilis, B. and G. — This species comes nearer to Cn. per¬
plexus than to any other of the same genus, but the head is still narrower, the
body, tail, and legs slender, and proportionally more elongated. The scales on
the lower surface of the head and throat are much smaller than in Cn. perplexus.
The color is bluish black above, with four yellowish white narrow stripes extend¬
ing from the occiput to the origin of the tail.

Locality. — Desert of Colorado; collected by Dr. John L. Le Conte.

1852.]

129

B. With ten rows of abdominal scales.

Cnemidophorus praesignis, B. and G. — Ten longitudinal rows of abdominal
scales, quadrangular, broader than long. Two subguttural folds, the surface of
the posterior one covered with scales of medium size. A transverse band of
similar scales extends from one ear opening to the other. Nostrils between the
suture of two plates. Scales on the upper part of the body proportionally small;
on the tail, elongated, narrow' and keeled. The middle region of the back is
greenish brown, exhibiting an indistinct medial streak with irregular quadrangles
of the same color on each side, separated by a narrow band of deep black. The
sides are black, provided with two narrow stripes of yellowish white on each and
extending along the tail. Between these stripes, and specially along the abdomen,
irregular dots of the color of the stripes are seen scattered. The hind legs and
tail are variegated with black and bluish spots.

Locality . — From Chagres, collected by Prof. C. B. Adams. Said’ to be also
common at Panama.

Plestiodon obsoletum, B. and G. — Total length about nine inches. Body and
limbs rather short and stout ; tail longer than the body, conical, and rapidly
tapering away. Parieto-occipital and vertical the largest of all the cephalic
plates; rostral, labials, and temporal ones considerably developed. General color
greenish white; uniform below ; the scales on the back and sides are thinly mar-
ginated with black.

Locality. — Valley of the Rio San Pedro of the Rio Grande del Norte.

Elgaria nobilis, B. and G. — This is the most beautiful species of the
genus. The body and tail are slender and elongated ; the limbs slender and
rather short. The ventral shields are twelve rowed ; fourteen longitudinal rows
of scales on the back, obscurely keeled. The ground color is olivaceous ;- the
upper surface of the head, the belly and lower surface of the tail, are dotted with
black. From the occiput to the origin of the tail, there are nine or ten trans¬
verse blackish brown bands on the back, covering two or three rows of scales,
margined posteriorly with white. The intermediate spaces between these brown
bands are of the same width as the bands themselves. Upwards of twenty brown
half-rings are observed on the tail, the width of which is a little less than the
intermediate spaces.

Locality. — Fort Webster, Copper mines of the Gila, (Santa Rita del Cobre,)
New Mexico.

The Committee to which was referred Dr. Le Conte’s remarks on the
Coccinellidae of the United States, and also on his description of a new
species of Trombidium, reported in favor of publication.

Remarks upon the CoccinellidjE of the United States.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

It is not my intention on this occasion to present a synopsis or catalogue of the
native species belonging to the present group. The very elaborate and carefully
written work of Mulsant* renders such a labor entirely superfluous. I propose
now merely to present some views on the classification of the genera of this
family, and to add descriptions of the new species which have recently been
obtained.

On account of the difficulty of distinguishing the species of Scymnus, I have
made new descriptions of all the species observed ; the Corylophi, with but a
single exception, are new, and I have, therefore, by adding a new description of
that species, completed a monograph of that division of the present family.

* Species des Coleopteres Trimeres Securipalpes. Lyon, 1850.

130

[August,

Although the labors of Mulsant have served to establish many natural groups
among the species of this difficult tribe, I can by no means agree with him re¬
garding the generic value of such groups. However constant may be the char¬
acters used by him, yet they are entirely too unimportant to be used for sepa¬
rating species, otherwise closely allied. A genus to be natural must differ from
its neighbors by sorrie decided modification of structure, accompanied with a re¬
cognizable difference in external form : and although it may be convenient to give
names to subordinate groups, yet they cani n no case be admitted as genera.

For this reason, I find it impossible to adopt Mulsant’s numerous genera, and
therefore present the following table as showing the relations between such of
our native genera, as appear to be really separated by trenchant and recognizable
characters.

Div. I. COCCINELLJE.

Antennae articulo Imo crasso, 2n<lo brevi rotundato : tarsi semper dilatati,
articulo 3io minuto recepto : palpi maxillares securiformes ; alarum margo
simplex.

A. Mandibulae simplices vel, bifidae.

1. Antennae longiusculae basi liberae.

a. Metasterno non diviso, epimeris maiusculis :

(corpus oblongum.)

Ungues simplices, tenues .

Ungues dentati .

b. Metasterno diviso, epimeris minoribus : (cor¬

pus praecipue rotundatum, ungues semper
dentati.)

Antennae clava lata truncata .

Antennae clava lata apice rotundata .

Antennae clava elongata : (corpus rotundatum glabrum)
Antennae clava elongata, apice emarginata : (corpus
oblongum pubescens) .

2. Antennae breves, basi obtectae.

Labrum occultum . .

Labrum conspicuum .

3. Antennae brevissimae, basi liberae.

a. Prosternum antice non lobatum.

Corpus glabrum, pedes antici dentati . . .

Corpus glabrum, pedes mutici, ungues dentati
Corpus glabrum, pedes mutici, ungues simplices
Corpus pubescens, ungues dentati ....

b. Prosternum antice lobatum, os obtegens

B. Mandibulae multidentatae .

Anisosticta Chevr.
Hippodamia Chevr.

Coccinella Lin.
Psyllobora Chevr.
Myzia Muls.

CoCCIDULA Kug.

Chilocorus Leach.
Exochomus Redt.

Brachiacantha Chev.
Hyperaspis Chevr.
Oxynychijs Lee.
SCYMNUS Kug.

GEneis Muls.
Epijlachna Chevr.

Anisosticta Chevr.

1. A. seriata Lee. Cocc. seriata Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 177.
Narnia litigiosa Muls. 31.

The genus Naemia does not seem sufficiently distinct.

Hipfodamia Chevr.

This genus may be divided into two groups :

at. Ungues omnes acute dentati. ( Ilipjpodamia and Adonia Muls.)

/2. Ungues omnes obtuse dentati. ( Mcgilla Muls.)

The following species, except (5), belong to division (*.)

1. H. convergens Guerin : Muls. Cocc. modesta Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat.
Sc. 3, 178.

131

1852.]

2. H. M u 1 s a n t i , nigra, thorace subconvexo, antrorsum angustato, subtilis-
sime punctulato, margine laterali et apicali albo, elytris rufo-flavis, fascia sub-
basali, macula magna obliqua pone medium, alteraque versus apicem nigris.
Long. -22.

One specimen, Pic River, Lake Superior. Very similar to H. 5-s i g n a t a
(Muls.) but differs by its convex and less punctured thorax being narrowed in
front, and margined with white on the sides and apex. The large posterior spot
of the elytra is more oblique, and is a little narrower at its external part: the
epimera are white.

• In the only specimen of H. 5-signata in my collection, the thorax, besides the
large white blotches at the anterior angles, has two small white dorsal spots, and
one at the middle of the apex.

3. H. a m b i g u a, nigra, thorace punctulato, margine laterali et antico, macu-
lisque dorsalibus duabus plus minusve albis, elytris valde punctulatis rufis, ad
basin albidis, sutura basi nigra. Long. *2 — *27.

California and Oregon. Very similar to H. convergens, but easily distinguished
by the strongly punctulate elytra : the elytra are usually without spots, sometimes
there is a single black dot on each at the anterior fifth near the sutnre. The
thorax varies as follows :

<t. Lateral and apical margin narrow, white ; dorsal spots small, distinct.

/3. Lateral margin white, dilated at the anterior angles ; dorsal spots none.

4. H. punctulata, nigra, thorace valde punctulato, maculis duabus dorsa¬
libus, alteris ad angulos anticos, margineque apicali medio prolongato albis,
elytris punctulatis, rufis basi pallidis, sutura antice nigra. Long *27.

Several specimens, San Francisco, California. Very simila^ to the preceding,
but the thorax is more strongly punctured and more convex ; the white of the
sides extends only half way to the base, and the apical white margin, even
when not entire, is prolonged a little in the middle ; the dorsal spots are some¬
times wanting ; the posterior angles are sometimes marked -with a small white
point.

This species and the preceding have been confounded with unspotted varieties
of H. convergens, from wrhich their strongly punctulate elytra at once distin¬
guish them.

5. H. maculata Lee.; Cocc. maculata De Geer; C. 10-maculata Fabr. ;
C. oblonga Oliv. ; Megilla maculata Muls. 28. This species is common in the
southern part of California. One specimen from New York is more strongly
punctured on the elytra than any other I have seen, but I can find no other
difference.

Coccinella Linne.

Our species fall into three natural divisions according to the form of the en¬
closed spaces of the first abdominal segment, behind the coxae. I have latinised
Mulsant’s “ plaques abdominales ” into “ scuta abdominis ;” Redtenbacher’s
“ Schenkellinie ” is more appropriate, but is not so easily translated.

a. Scuta abdominis margine arcuato, ( Adalia Muls.)

/£. Scuta abdominis margine angulato, ( Harmonia and Coccinella Muls.)

y. Scuta abdominis margine externo obliterato, ( JDaulis Muls.)

1. C.venusta Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 178 (1S47.)

Harmonia notulata Muls. 83 (1850.)

2. C. pi c ta Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 51.

C. concinnata Mels. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 178.

Harmonia contexta Muls. 87.

Harmonia ficta Muls. 1017.

3. C. lacustris, hemispherica, nigra, dense punctulata, thorace macula
alba utrinque ad angulos anticos, elytris rufo-flavis, macula scutellari obcordata,
duabusque utrinque transversis nigris, lateribus pone humeros late sulcatis,
epimeris mesothoracis albis. Long *27.

Lake Superior, several specimens. This species very plosely resembles C.

132

[August,

monticola (Muls. 115), but the elytra have the lateral margin from the humeri
to the middle broadly sulcate, while in C. monticola the same part is scarcely
perceptibly copcave ; the black transverse spots of the elytra are also larger*-
Otherwise there is no special difference.

Myzia Muls.

This genus differs from Coccinella by its long and slender antennae ; I have
included in it also Mulsant’s genus Anatis, as I can find no difference wrorthy
of note. The following is new :

1. M. Rathvoni, late ovata, utrinque fortius angustata, thorace lateribus
rectis, maculis duabus baseos lateribUsque late albis, his puncto nigro notatis,
elytris piceo-rufis, lateribus usque ad medium explanatis. Long. *4.

I take great pleasure in dedicating 'this fine species to Mr. S. S. Rathvon, of
Lancaster, Pa.; to whom science is indebted for many valuable additions to our
entomological fauna. It was found at Sacramento, California, by Mr. Childs.
Broadly oval, very convex, strongly narrowed before and behind, so as to be al¬
most angulated at the middle, on the sides. Head bl ack, with an obscure rufous
spot each side. Thorax twice as wide as long, strongly narrowed in front,
sides nearly straight, broadly margined ; black, with two basal spots and a very
broad lateral margin white ; the sides have a marginal black spot near the pos¬
terior angles. Elytra piceo-rufous, with some very indistinct black dots, of
which the posterior series consisting as in M. 15-punctata of 6 spots is most
distinct ; the lateral margin from the base to the point of greatest breadth is
strongly flattened and concave, and is blackish towards the middle. Beneath
black.

This is evidently a very dark colored specimen, and it is probable that on
further exploration varieties will be found similar to the light colored and ocel-
late specimens of M. 15-punctata.

CoCCIDULA Rug.

1. C. lepida, elongato-oblonga, flava, subtiliter albo-pubescente, capite
pectoreque nigris, elytris disperse punctatis, basi, lateribus ad medium, macula-
que communi pone medium nigerrimis. Long. *11.

One specimen, Vermont. Prof. C. B. Adams. Oblong elongate, convex,
bright yellow, covered with fine short white hair. Head black, finely and not
densely punctured, clypeus, mouth and antennae yellow. Thorax finely punc¬
tured, rounded on the sides, base rounded, posterior angles subobtuse, not
rounded. Elytra tolerably coarsely punctured, base and sides as far as the
middle black ; black portion broader at the scutellum and at the middle of the side ;
disc with a common rounded black spot at the second third ; beneath yellow ;
breast entirely black ; prosternum black posteriorly.

The anterior coxae in this genus are much smaller than in any other of the
present tribe, and are almost round.

Exochomus Redt.

1. E. G u e x i, hemisphericus, thorace nigro lateribus antice rufis, basi sub-
angulato immarginato, elytris obsolete punctulatis, rufis macula magna sub-
apicali nigra. Long. *12.

Louisiana. 1 have dedicated this species to my estimable friend Mr. J. A.
Guex, to whom I owe my specimens of this and many other interesting species.
Size and form of E. marginipennis (Muls.) ( E . prcetextatus Mels. Pr. Ac. 3, 178 :
Cocc. marginipennis Lee. An. Lyc. 1, 173.) Head black in the female, yellow
in the male. Thorax very obsoletely punctulate, black; sides broadly rufous
in the male, rufous only at the anterior angles in the female ; base very much
rounded, somew'hat angulated, not margined. Elytra very finely and obsoletely
punctulate, rufous with a large black spot near the apex and a little nearer to
the suture than the side. Beneath piceous ; sides and feet yellow'.

Brachiacantha Chevr.

1. B. a lb i fro ns. Coccinella albifrons Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 4, 94;
Muls. 1049.

133

1852.]

Missouri Territory and Louisiana. In the male the anterior part of the tho¬
rax is white, a little prolonged in three places, so that the outline of the black
part is four-lobed.

2. B. 10-pu s t u 1 at a. Hyperaspis 10 -pustulata Mels. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3,
179. This is commonly considered as the small variety of B. ursina, but it
differs essentially in having the elytra much more strongly punctured.

3. B. basalis Mels. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 179 ; B. covfusa Muls. 537.

4. B. quadripunctata Mels. ibid. 3, 178 ; B. diver sa Muls. 538.

Hyperaspis Chevr.

1. H. militaris, ovalis, convexa, subtiliter punctulata, capite thoraceque
nigris, hoc lateribus albis, elytris flavis, sutura maculaque humerali nigris ; pe¬
dibus abdominisque lateribus testaceis. Long. *1.

One specimen, Columbia, S. Carolina. Rounded, slightly oval, very convex
and very finely punctulate. Head black, mouth and organs testaceous. Thorax
with the base much rounded, and very finely margined; black, sides whitish
yellow. Elytra pale yellow with a broad sutural vitta and an oblong spot on the
humeral callus black. Beneath piceous black ; feet, sides and apex of the
abdomen testaceous.

2. H. v i 1 1 i g e r a, ovalis, modice convexa, thorace nigro lateribus flavis, ely¬
tris rugose punctulatis, albicantibus sutura vittaque lata postice adnexa nigris,
pedibus testaceis. Long. *08.

Missouri Territory. Oval, somewhat oblong, moderately convex. Head
sparsely and obsoletely punctulate, testaceous in the male, black with yellow
mouth in the female. Thorax obsoletely punctulate, rounded and finely mar¬
gined at the base ; in the male yellow with a large basal black spot, anteriorly
lobed and extending beyond the middle ; in the female black with narrow yel¬
low sides. Elytra finely punctulate and wrinkled; whitish, with a broad black
vitta commencing near the base, and extending nearly to the apex, where it
curves inwards and joins the suture, which is also black; margin behind the
middle and at the apex black. Beneath piceous, margin of the abdomen and
feet obscure testaceous.

3. H. a r c u a t a, ovalis, modice convexa, nigra, capite thoraceque lateribus
maculaque apicali 3-dentata albis, elytris subtiliter punctatis, basi margineoue
usque ad medium tenuiter albis, pedibus testaceis. Long. .07.

One male found at the mouth of the Gila, California. Oval, slightly oblong,
moderately convex. Head obsoletely punctured, base rounded, scarcely mar¬
gined, black ; sides yellowish white ; apex with a transverse yellow spot, pos¬
teriorly 3-dentate, at the sides almost reaching the yellow margin. Elytra dis¬
tinctly punctured, black, with a narrow arcuated white line extending from
near the scutellum, along the base of the outer margin as far as the middle.
Beneath piceous, feet dark testaceous.

4. H. annex a, rotundato-ovalis, convexa, nigra, thorace lateribus albis,
elytris obsolete punctulatis, vitta suturali lata, alteraque postice abbreviata, ad
basin extensa, margineque tenui nigris. Long. *10.

One pair. San Francisco. Rounded oval, less convex than H. militaris.
Head scarcely punctulate, in the male yellow, in the female black. Thorax
scarcely punctulate, black, lateral margin yellow. Elytra very indistinctly
punctulate, yellow, with a sutural vitta broader in front, and another very broad
vitta commencing at the base and extending to within one-seventh of the apex
deep black ; outer margin and apex with a very narrow black line. Beneath
blackish piceous, tarsi paler ; anterior legs, tibiae and tarsi of the male tes¬
taceous.

In the female the black vittae are much broader, so that the elytra appear
black, with a narrow marginal vitta and another suboblique discoidal one united
osteriorly to the marginal vitta.

5. H. quadrivittata, rotundato-ovalis, modice convexa, nigra, valde

21

134 [August,

punctulata, thorace lateribus flavis, elytris margine externo et apicali, vittaque
obliqua utrinque abbreviata flavis. Long. *10.

One specimen found near Long’s Peak. Similar to the female of the preced¬
ing, but is strongly punctulate, and the discoidal yellow vitta does not unite
with the marginal one. The organs of the mouth and the feet are piceous.

6. H. consimilis, hemispherica, punctulata, nigra, thorace margine
laterali pallido, elytris gutta subbasali, vitta abbreviata postica, margineque
externo subundulato flavis, tibiis anticis testaceis. Long. -10.

One specimen (female,) Lake Superior. Very similar to H. disconotata
(Muls.) but the anterior spot does not reach the base, the posterior spot is vitti-
form, extending from the middle to within one seventh of the apex ; the outer
margin is much narrower and but slightly undulated, posteriorly it separates
from the margin, leaving the apex black. The feet are black, the anterior tibiae
and extremity of the middle tibiae yellow.

7. H. el eg an s Muls. 658; Cocc. undulata\\ Say Jour. Ac. Nat. Sc. 4, 92.

Coccinella lugubris (Randall Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 52), is probably a

variety of this species ; the types of Randall’s species are, however, long ago
destroyed.

8. H. fimbriolata Mels. Proc. Ac, Nat. Sc. 3, 180 ; II, rufomarginata
Muls. 661.

9. H. iucu nd a, hemispherica, obsolete punctulata, capite thoraceque rufis,
hoc basi medio nigro, lateribus flavis, elytris nigris maculis utrinque duabus
margineque externo postice abbreviato flavis, corpore pedibusque rufis.
Long. *12.

One specimen, Illinois, Mr. Willcox. Almost hemispherical, finely and
almost obsoletely punctulate. Head yellowish rufous, thorax rufous, sides
broadly yellow, base rounded very finely margined, black as far as the yellow
of the sides. Elytra black, with a large round yellow spot before the middle
and another slightly reniform one towards the apex ; lateral margin yellow,
from the base for two-thirds the length, a little expanded behind. Pygidium
rufous. Body beneath and feet rufous.

10. H. t ae n i a t a, nigra, hemispherica, nitidissima, subtiliter punctulata, elytris
margine laterali antice, maculaque magna triangulari ad marginem extensa ru-
bris. Long. *10.

One specimen, San Diego, California. Almost hemispherical, black, finely
but not densely punctulate, very shining. Head and thorax entirely black, punc¬
tures of the latter very distinct. Elytra with a large triangular blotch at the
middle, extending two-thirds the breadth of the elytra, to the margin, where it
is expanded so as to reach the base ; the posterior outline is a little emarginate
towards its inner part, which is near about the centre of the elytron. Body be¬
neath entirely black.

11. H. pratensis, subhemispherica, nigra, valde punctulata, thorace
lateribus late albis, elytris utrinque trimaculatis, maculis duabus anticis trans-
versim positis, tertia subapicali rufo-flavis, pedibus flavis. Long *15.

One specimen, Missouri Territory. The maculation of this species is very
similar to that of some varieties of Brachiacantha dentipes. Almost hemisphe¬
rical black, very distinctly punctulate ; mouth yellow; thorax with a large
yellowish white spot occupying the whole of the side; base less rounded than
usual, subtruncate at the middle. Elytra with a large orange colored spot be¬
fore the middle, closer to the suture than to the side ; another smaller marginal
one opposite the posterior part of the discoidal spot, and a third towards the
apex, equidistant between the sides and suture. Beneath shining black, legs
yellow.

12. H. s ig n at a Muls. 683 ; Core, signata Oliv. Ent. 92, 7, 107.

H. hucopsis Mels. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 179 (specimen masculinum.)

1852.]

135

33. H. bigeminata Lee. ; Cocc. bigeminata Rand. Bost. Journ. 2, 32.

If. G-uexi Muls. 687.

I have compared my specimens with Randall’s type, the only one remaining
in his collection at the time I examined it. My specimens agree perfectly with
Y ulsant’s description of H. Guexi.

CEneis Muls.

1. (E. puncticollis, breviter, ovata, glabra, nigra nitida, thorace parce
punctato, lateribus subrotundatis, elytris impunctatis. Long. *07.

Southern States. Broadly oval, convex, shining black. Head sparsely punc¬
tured black, with yellow palpi. Thorax very short, marked with a few distinct
punctures, base rounded, finely margined, sides rounded, posterior angles
slightly rounded. Feet black.

2. CE. p u s i 1 1 a, breviter ovata, glabra, nigra, nitida, capite thoraceque la¬
teribus flavis, hoc parce punctulato, elytris impunctatis, pedibus flavis.
Long. *06.

Georgia, and Missouri Territory. Very similar to the preceding, but besides
the differences in color the thorax is less distinctly punctured, and the posterior
angles are more rounded. A specimen from New York has the head and tho¬
rax entirely black, but the feet are yellow. It is probably the female of this
species.

Scymnus Kug.

The species found in the United States may be arranged in groups, as follows.

A. Abdominis laminae extus omnino obliteratae.

a. Elytra maculis discoidalibus notata

b. Elytra macula apicali notata

B. Abdominis laminae integrae vel vix imperfectae

1. Abdominis laminae extus interruptae

2. Abd. lam. integrae.

c. Elytra testacea ....

d. Elytra nigra, apice testacea

e. Elytra nigra immaculata . . •

Sp. 1—5.
Sp. 6—7.

Sp. 8—9.

Sp. 10—13.
Sp. 14—21.
Sp. 22—27.

A. — a.

1. S. am ab i 1 is , ovalis, minus convexus, ater nitidus, punctatus, subtiliter
pubescens, capite, thoracis lateribus, elytrorum macula obliqua, fascia postica,
apice, pedibusque laete flavis. Long. *07.

New Orleans, one specimen, Mr. Guex. Oval, less convex than usual, shining,
finely and densely punctured, and very finely pubescent. Head and organs of the
mouth yellow. Thorax narrowed in front, base slightly sinuous, finely margined,
black, sides with a yellow margin, which is wider in front. Elytra forming a
very distinct angle with the sides of the thorax, black, with a large transverse
spot, a posterior band and the apex yellow ; the spot is oblique and extends from
just below the humerus to the middle of the elytra, ending near the suture ; the
band is placed at the second third of the elytra, is sinuate on each side, and at the
sides and suture is confluent with the yellow apical margin, so that on each side
a transverse black spot is included. Under surface black, venter testaceous at
the sides and apex ; feet yellow.

2. S. ornatus, ellipticus, convexus, ater, opacus, breviter pubescens, sub¬
tiliter punctulatus, elytris maculis magnis utrinque duabus auruntiacis. Long. *09.

Lee. Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 239.

One specimen, found on the North shore of Lake Superior. Elliptical, mode¬
rately convex, black without lustre, finely punctulate, and covered with short
gray hair. Thorax narrowed in front, slightly rounded on the sides, base not
sinuate, distinctly margined in the middle. Elytra with a large oblique orange
colored spot before the middle, and another rounded, somewhat transverse one
behind the middle extending nearly to the sides and to the suture. Under sur-

136 [August,

face black, tibiae and tarsi very obscurely rufo-piceous. Abdominal plates shorter
than the first segment of the abdomen.

S. (D i o m u s) m y r m i d o n Muls. 954, seems to be allied to this species,
but the yellow feet, testaceous apex of the elytra, and shorter abdominal plates,
at once distinguish it.

3. S. guttulatus, rotundatus, convexus, niger nitidus, punctulatus, pubes-
cens, elytris gutta parva utrinque ad medium, alterisque duabus pone medium
rufis. Long. ’08.

Two specimens, San Francisco, California. Slightly oval rounded, and ‘con¬
vex, black, finely punetulate, tolerably densely pubescent. Thorax som what
narrowed in front, very slightly rounded on the sides, not margined at the base,
which is scarcely sinuate. Elytra more distinctly punctured than the thorax,
marked with a small round red spot at the middle about the internal third of the
breadth, and two others placed transversely about two sevenths from the apex,
of which the exterior is the larger and slightly oblique. Under surface entirely
black. Abdominal plates a little shorter than the first joint of the abdomen.

4. S. fl a v i f ro n s , rotundatus, convexus, niger, punctatus, breviter pubes-
cens, elytris macula utrinque pone medium, ore tibiis tarsisque flavis. Long. *08.

Melsheimer, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 181.

New York and Pennsylvania, rare. Rounded, convex, black shining, distinctly
punctured, covered with fine gray hair; mouth and its organs yellow. Thorax
narrowed in front, scarcely rounded on the sides, finely margined at the base,
which is truncate in front of the scutellum, and obliquely sinuous each side.
Elytra with a large round yellow spot at the posterior third, and equidistant from
the side and suture. Body beneath entirely black, tibiae and tarsi yellow. Ab¬
dominal plates shorter than the first segment; their posterior margin is parallel
with the margin of the segment, and reaches the side as in the preceding
species.

5. S. bioculatus, rotundato-ovalis convexus, niger punctatus, cinereo-
pubescens, elytrorum gutta pone medium, tibiis tarsisque flavis. Long. *07.

Muls. 960.

Georgia, rare. This species exactly resembles the last, but it is smaller and
more oval, the elytra being a little narrowed behind, and not so regularly rounded
on the sides, as in S. flavifrons. The punctures of the elytra are somewhat
larger. In one specimen the head is testaceous, in the other it is black, but both
are females.

A.— b.

6. S. t e r m i n a tu s , subrotundatus, convexus, niger nitidus, punctatus, sub-
tiliter pubescens, capite, thoracis abdominisque lateribus pedibusque testaceis,
elytris apice late flavis. Long. *075.

Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 203: Muls. 952.

Pennsylvania, Georgia. Rounded, slightly oval, convex, black and shining,
covered with very fine gray hair. Head testaceous; thorax finely and closely
punctured, narrowed in front, but litte rounded on the sides, base rounded, finely
margined, scarcely at all sinuous, sides narrowly margined with testaceous.
Elytra more coarsely punctured, apex with a large yellow spot occupying about
one-fifth of the length, and having its anterior boundary slightly convex. Beneath
black, abdomen testaceous, black at base ; feet yellowish; the abdominal plates
extend to the posterior margin of the segment.

Varies with the sides of the thorax widely testaceous, and the apex narrowly
margined with the same color.

Allied to this species is S. x a n t h a s p i s Muls. 952, from Florida, which is
afterwards (p. 1101) considered as a variety of S. ochroderus; its yellow
thorax will at once distinguish it.

7. S. femoralis, subrotundatus, convexus, niger nitidus, punctatus subtiliter
pubescens, capite thoracis lateribus, elytrorum apice lata testaceis, tibiis tarsis¬
que piceis. Long. *075.

One specimen, New York. Very similar to the last. The thorax is a little

1852.]

137

narrower, the lateral testaceous margin is very narrow ; the body beneath and
the thighs are entirely black, the tibiae and tarsi fnceous. The abdominal plates
are as in the last, but seem to reach the posterior margin of the segment near the
middle.

B— 1.

8. S. americanus, breviter ovatus, ater, minus dense punctatus, pubescens,
capite, thoracis lateribus, abdomine, pedibus, elytrorum apice brevi testaceis.
Long. *12.

Muls. 965.

New York and Pennsylvania. A large species -with short ovate black body.
Above distinctly, not densely punctured, covered with coarse gray hair. Head
testaceous. Thorax usually black, with testaceous sides, sometimes entirely
testaceous, narrowed in front, and rounded on the sides; base margined, slightly
truncate at the scutellum, scarcely sinuous each side. Elytra with a distinct
testaceous apical margin. Beneath black, coarsely punctured, apex and sides of
the abdomen testaceous, feet yellow. The abdominal plates reach nearly to the
extremity; their margin then suddenly turns upwards and becomes obsolete.

9. S. nebulosus, rotundato-ovalis, convexus, confertim punctatus, subtus
niger, supra testaceus, griseo-pubescens, thorace medio obscuro, elytris irregu-
lariter parce piceo-notatis, pedibus flavo-testaceis. Long. *09.

One specimen, found at the Colorado River, California. Body rounded oval,
convex, coarsely and somewhat densely punctured, above testaceous, densely
pubescent. Thorax but little narrowed in front, base truncate at the scutellum,
and finely margined, oblique, but not sinuous on each side ; the disc is darker each
side of the medial line. Elytra forming a distinct angle with the sides of the
thorax, irregularly mottled with small piceous dots. Body beneath black,
coarsely punctured, anus testaceous. Abdominal plates reach nearly to the apex
of the segment, their margin then turns upwards, but does not reach the base.
Feet yellowish testaceous.

B.— 2— c.

10. S. p a 1 1 e n s, rotundato-ovalis convexus, subtus niger supra testaceus,
pubescens, elytris subtilissime punctulatis, pedibus flavo-testaceis. Long. *08.

San Francisco, on Spiraea. Rounded, slightly oval, convex, above yellow tes¬
taceous, finely densely pubescent, thorax not visibly punctured, rounded on the
sides, base very finely margined, slightly rounded. Elytra very finely punctu-
late, and very slightly rugous. Body beneath black, finely densely punctulate,
abdomen posteriorly margined with testaceous ; abdominal plates entire, shorter
than the first segment, laterally not extending to the parapleurae : their margin
is smooth and shining. Feet yellow.

11. S. d e b i 1 i s, rotundato-ovalis, testaceus, pubescens, elytris minus dense
punctulatis, pedibus flavo-testaceis. Long. *05.

One specimen, San Jose, California. Rounded, slightly oval, convex, above
yellow testaceous, finely densely pubescent. Thorax very finely punctulate,
rounded on the sides, margined at the base, which is slightly rounded. Elytra
finely and distinctly punctured. Body beneath darker, finely punctulate, tip of
the abdomen and feet pale yellow testaceous. (Abdominal plates not examined.)

12. S. c i n c t u s, rotundato-ovalis, modice convexus, punctatus, longius pubes¬
cens, niger, capite, pedibus, thorace elytrisque testaceis, illo macula basali, his
vitta suturali postice angustata nigra. Long. ’09.

One specimen, New Orleans, Mr. Guex. Seems to resemble S. Lcewii and
floralis Muls ., but differs from the first by its entirely yellow feet, and from the
second by its black abdomen. Rounded, slightly oval, moderately convex,
finely pubescent. Head yellow, densely punctured. Thorax narrowed in front,
rounded on the sides, base margined, truncate at the scutellum, obliquely
sinuous each side ; punctured, more densely at the sides, yellow, with a large
black spot, occupying two-thirds of the base and extending nearly to the ante-

138

[August,

rior margin. Elytra tolerably densely, and more coarsely punctured than the
thorax, yellow, with a large common sutural black vitta, which fits to the spot
on the thorax, and is gradually narrowed behind, reaching nearly to the tip.
Body beneath black, densely and not finely punctured : abdominal plates scarcely
shorter than the first segment, reaching laterally to the parapleurae. Feet yel¬
low, thighs a little obscure.

13. S. s u t u r a 1 i s, rotundato-ovalis, modice convexus, subtilius punctatus,
pubescens, niger, capite thorace elytrisque obscure testaceis, illo macula
maxima basali, his vitta suturali lateribusque infuscatis, tibiis tarsisque tes¬
taceis. Long. *08.

One specimen, Colorado River, California. Closely allied to the last, but is
less coarsely punctured. Head testaceous, very finely punctured. Thorax nar¬
rowed in front, but little rounded on the sides, margined at the base, which is
truncate at the scutellum, and very slightly sinuate each side : finely not densely
punctured, testaceous, with a very large black spot occupying nearly all the
base, and extending almost to the apex. Elytra a little more coarsely punctured
than the 3thorax, testaceous, with a common black sutural vitta broad at the
base, and gradually narrowed behind, reaching nearly to the apex, sides from
the middle to near the apex blackish : epipleurae testaceous. Body beneath
black, densely punctured ; abdominal plates shorter than the first segment,
hardly extending as far as the parapleurae. Feet piceous, tibiae and tarsi
testaceous.

B.— 2— d.

14. S. fraternus, rotundato-ovalis, convexus, niger, pubescens, capite,
thoracis lateribus, pedibusque testaceis, elytris valde punctatis, apice late rufis.
Long. *09.

Middle States. Rounded, a little oval, convex, black shining, covered with
fine gray hair. Head and thorax finely punctulate, yellow, the latter with a
large basal black spot ; sides rounded, base margined, truncate at the scutellum,
and oblique each side. Elytra densely punctured, with a transverse testaceous
margin at the apex, which covers about one-fifth of the surface. Body beneath
black, densely punctured, abdominal plates shorter than the segment, smooth at
the margin, extending as far as the parapleurae. Feet testaceous, margin of the
abdomen rufous.

15. S. h ae m or r h o u s, rotundato-ovalis, convexus niger, pubescens, capite
thoracis macula laterali, pedibusque testaceis, elytris grosse punctatis, apice
late rufis. Long. *09.

This species is very similar to the last, but the punctures of the elytra are
larger and less dense. I have only a single specimen from New York.

Rounded, slightly oval, convex, black shining, finely pubescent. Head testa¬
ceous, finely punctulate. Thorax black, with a yellow lateral spot reaching
from the anterior margin nearly to the base, which is truncate at the scutellum,
and oblique each side, marginal line distinct, sides rounded. Elytra forming a
distinct angle with the sides of the thorax, coarsely and not densely punctured,
with a broad testaceous apical margin covering about one-fifth of the surface.
Body beneath as in the last, but the sides of the venter are scarcely testaceous.
Feet testaceous.

The apical spot is not sufficiently large to permit this species to be referred
to S. B r u 1 1 e i Muls. 934.

16. S. c h a t c ha s, rotundato-ovalis, convexus, niger punctatus, pubescens,
capite thoraceque testaceis, hoc macula basali nigra, elytris margine apicali,
ano pedibusque rufo-testaceis. Long. *09.

Muls. 986.

Atlantic States and Missouri Territory. Broad oval, convex, black, shining
and moderately pubescent. Head and thorax finely punctulate, yellow, the
latter with a small basal black spot reaching nearly to the middle ; very much
narrowed in front on the sides, base obtuse at the scutellum, oblique each side,
marginal line distinct. Elytra somewhat plumbeous, densely but not deeply

139

1852.J

fmnctured, apical margin testaceous. Beneath black, densely punctured, two
ast segments of the abdomen and feet yellow : the abdominal plates are nearly
as long as the segment, smooth, except at base, and extend to the parapleurae.

17. S. c a u d a 1 i s, breviter ovalis, convexus, niger, pubescens, capite thorace-
que punctulatis, rufis, hoc medio nfgro, elytris grossius punctatis, margine api-
cali, ano, pedibusque rufo-testaceis. Long. *08 — 09.

Lee. Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 238.

? Scymnus ( Pullus ) creperus Muls. Coce. 985.

Georgia and Rocky Mountains. Very similar to the last species, differs only
in the punctures of the elytra being larger and less dense, and the spot on the
thorax less defined, reaching nearly to the apex. The abdominal plates are as
in the last, smooth, except at base. I do not feel certain that this is really
Mulsant’s species; it agrees better with his S. f a s t i g i a t u s, (936) but the
abdominal plates are distinctly shorter than the segment.

18. S. c o n sobri n us, breviter ovalis, convexus, niger densius pubescens,
capite thoraceque subtilius parce punctulatis flavis, hoc medio nigro, elytris sat
dense punctatis, margine apicali, ano, pedibusque rufo-testaceis. Long. *08.
Scymnus caudalis\ Lee. 1. c. 238.

One male specimen, Lake Superior. Broadly oval, convex, black, covered
with dense gray hair ; head and thorax finely and sparsely punctulate, yellow,
the latter with a large ill-defined black spot, occupying half the base, and ex¬
tending nearly to the apex, sides rounded, base margined, obtuse in the middle,
oblique each side. Elytra tolerably densely, not deeply punctured, apical mar¬
gin testaceous. Beneath black, densely punctured, abdominal plates almost
reaching the posterior margin of the segment, densely punctured, smooth only at
the inner margin, tip of the abdomen testaceous. Feet yellow.

This may be S. fastigiatus, Muls., but as he does not mention the sculp¬
ture of the thorax, or abdominal plates, I cannot be certain of its identity. I
erroneously considered this as the male of the preceding species.

19. S. puncticollis, breviter ovalis, convexus, niger, pubescens, capite
thoraceque dense subtiliter punctatis, hoc macula laterali testacea, elytris dense
punctatis, margine apicali, ano, tibiis tarsisque testaceis. Long. *09.

One female, Upper Mississippi. Broadly oVal, convex, black, covered with
gray hair. Head finely punctured, mouth testaceous. Thorax black, with a
small yellow spot at the anterior angles, finely and densely punctured, margined
at the base, which is obtuse in the middle and obliquely sinuate each side.
Elytra densely punctured, with a narrow testaceous apical margin. Beneath
black, densely punctured, abdominal plates extending almost to the posterior
margin of the segment, punctured, smooth towards the inner margin. Sides and
tip of the abdomen, tibiae and tarsi ferruginous ; femora piceous.

20. S. c e r vi c al i s, rotundato-ovalis, convexus, breviter dense pubescens,
niger, capite thoraceque rufis vix subtiliter punctulatis, elytris confertim punc¬
tatis, apice angustissima, ano, pedibusque rufis. Long. *085.

Muls. Cocc. 984.

Common in the Southern States. Rounded, oval, convex, covered with short
gray hair. Head very sparsely and finely punctulate, rufous. Thorax rufous,
scarcely punctulate, base margined, obliquely subsinuate each side, obtuse in
the middle. Elytra shining black, tolerably densely punctured, extreme apical
margin testaceous. Beneath black, coarsely punctured, last joint of the abdo¬
men rufo-piceous : abdominal plates a little shorter than the segment, smooth,
punctured at base. Feet rufous.

21. S. s o c e r, rotundato-ovalis, convexus, breviter pubescens, niger, capite
thoraceque parce punctulatis, rufis, hoc macula basali nigra, elytris minus dense
punctatis, apice angustissima, abdominis apice, pedibusque flavis. Long. *07.

Georgia, one specimen. Very similar to S. cervicalis, but smaller, and less
densely punctured on the elytra. Rounded oval, convex, covered with short
gray hair. Head and thorax very sparsely and finely punctured, rufous, the lat¬
ter with a large black spot occupying more than half the base and reaching
nearly to the apex ; base margined, obtuse in the middle, oblique and scarcely
sinuated each side. Elytra distinctly punctured, black, shining, with the ex-

140

[August,

treme apical margin testaceous. Beneath black, coarsely punctured, last three
joints of the abdomen yellow ; abdominal plates shorter than the segment,
smooth, punctured only at their base. Feet yellow.

B— 2— e. *

22. S. marginicollis, rotundato-ovalis, convexus, longius pubescens,
niger, capite thoraceque subtilius punctulatis rufis, hoc macula basali nigra,
elytris sat dense punctatis, femoribus anticis rufis. Long *095.

Mannerheim, Bull. Mosc. 1843, 313. Muls. Cocc. 1053.

San Francisco and San Diego, California. Rounded oval, convex, covered
with longer gray hair than usual. Head and thorax finely and sparsely punctu-
late, rufous ; the latter with a basal black spot, small in the male, large in the
female, base very finely margined, scarcely sinuate. Elytra not deeply but
tolerably densely punctured, entirely black. Body beneath black, densely
punctured, abdominal plates a little shorter than the segment, smooth at their
margin. Feet black, anterior thighs rufous.

23. S. tenebrosus, subhemisphericus, niger, pubescens, thorace sub¬
tilius punctulato, elytris minus dense punctulatis, pedibus testaceis. Long.
•095.

Muls. Cocc. 989.

Southern States, not common. Almost hemispherical, black shining, covered
with fine pubescence. Head finely punctured, testaceous in the male, black in
the female ; mouth testaceous. Thorax sparsely and finely punctulate, base
margined, obtusely truncate at the middle, obliquely subsinuate each side.
Elytra distinctly, but not densely punctured. Beneath black, coarsely punc¬
tured ; abdominal plates a little shorter than the segment, posteriorly smooth.
Feet testaceous.

24. S. 1 a c u s t r i s , breviter ovalis, convexus, niger, pubescens, elytris sat
dense punctatis, pedibus testaceis basi nigris. Long. *09.

Le Conte, Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 239 ; Muls. Cocc. 989.

Var. (8. nigrivestis Muls. Cocc. 990.

North shore of Lake Superior. Very similar to the preceding, but easily dis¬
tinguished by the color of the feet. Oval, almost hemispherical, shining black,
finely pubescent. Head finely punctured, mouth testaceous. Thorax sparsely
and finely punctured, base margined, truncate in the middle, oblique each side.
Elytra moderately densely punctured. Body beneath black, densely punctured,
more finely upon the abdomen ; abdominal plates scarcely shorter than the
segment, smooth, punctured at base. Feet testaceous, femora black for two-
thirds the length. The apex of the abdomen of the male is more deeply
impressed than usual. Varies with the feet entirely black.

25. S. abbre viatu s, breviter ovalis, convexus, niger pubescens, elytris
confertim punctatis, pedibus rufo-piceis, abdominis laminis brevibus. Long.
•085.

One female, Eagle Harbor, Lake Superior. Oval, almost hemispherical,
black, densely pubescent. Head finely and densely punctured. Thorax sparsely
punctured on the disc, densely at the sides, base finely margined obtusely
rounded in the middle. Elytra densely and coarsely punctured. Body beneath
densely punctured ; abdominal plates three-fifths as long as the segment, mar¬
gin smooth. Feet entirely dark rufous.

26. S. nanus, rotundato-ovalis, convexus, nigro-piceus, parce pubescens,
thorace parce punctulato, elytris parce minus subtiliter punctatis, pedibus rufis.
Long. *06.

Two specimens, Missouri territory. Oval rounded, convex, blackish piceous,
sparsely covered with fine pubescence. Head finely punctulate, mouth rufous.
Thorax finely and sparsely punctulate, anterior angles rufous ; base margined,
obtuse in the middle. Elytra distinctly, but not densely punctured. Body
beneath punctured, abdominal plates not shorter than the segment, smooth at

1852.]

141

their margin, scarcely extending to the parapleurae. Feet rufous. Anus of the
male broadly emarginatfe.

27. S. punctum, rotundato-ovalis convexus niger, parce pubescens,
thorace lateribus confertim punctatis, elytris subtiliter parce punctatis, pedibus
testaceis, femoribus posterioribus piceis. Long. *05.

Two specimens, North shore of Lake Superior. On account of its size and
form it resembles the preceding, but the coarsely punctured thorax distinguishes
it. Rounded oval, convex, shining black, covered with line and sparse pubes¬
cence. Head obsoletely punctulate, antennae yellow. Thorax finely and
sparsely punctured at the middle, coarsely and densely at the sides, base
margined, obtuse in the middle, subsinuate each side. Elytra finely and
sparsely punctured. Body beneath coarsely punctured, abdominal plates smooth,
punctured at base, considerably shorter than the segment, not extending late¬
rally to the parapleurae. Feet testaceous-yellow, four posterior thighs piceous.

The following species I have not seen :

S. ochroderus Muls. var. xanthaspis , Muls. 952.

S. myrmidon Muls. 954.

S. icteratus Muls. 969.

S. Brullei Muls. 954.

S. fastigiatus Muls. 986.

S. punctatus Mels. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. 3, 180.

S. collaris Mels, ibid., is probably one of the species in B — 2 — d, but
the description is not sufficiently definite to permit its determination.

Div. 2. Corylophi.

This division contains very small species, most of which are remarkable for
having the thorax produced in front above the head, as in Cassida, or Cossy-
phus. They differ in their habits from the genuine Coccinellae, most of them
being found in putrid vegetable matter. At times they are found flying about
at twilight in great numbers.

Redtenbacher has founded upon these insects his family Clypeastres, con¬
sidering the narrowness of the second tarsal joint and the hood-like form of the
thorax as sufficiently important to separate them. The mandibles are usually
crenate internally, but according to Erichson there is a gradual transition from
that form to the simple mandibles of many Coccinellae. The hood-like form of
the thorax can also be of but little importance, since in the genus Orthoperus,
which evidently belongs with Corylophus, this anterior prolongation is wanting.
We have thus left only two characters, the narrow tarsi, and the ciliated wings,
which however useful for systematic division, seem to be rather slight charac¬
ters for the establishment of a natural family. In the genus Rypobius the tarsi
are also considerably dilated. For these reasons I have followed Erichson in
uniting these genera with the Coccinellidae, establishing however a special
group under that family for their reception. Clambus must be absolutely
excluded from the Coccinellidae, since the peculiar laminated structure of its
posterior coxa is entirelv without analogy in this tribe, and is found only in the
singular genus Sphaerius, placed by Erichson among the Trichopterygia.

I have but one new generus to add to this group. Those found in the United
States are thus related .

1. Caput liberum.

Antennae 9-articulatae, tarsi dilatati,

Antennae 9-articulatae, tarsi angusti,

1. Caput obtectum, tarsi angusti.

Antennae 9-articulatae, corpus rotundatum, glabrum,

Antennae 10-articulatae, elytra truncata, .

Antennae 11-articulatae, corpus ellipticum, pubescens,

22

Rypobius Lee.
Orthoperus Steph.

Corylophus Leach.
Sericoderus Steph.
Sacium Lee.

142

[August,

Rypobius Lee.

Caput thorace non obtectum, clypeo prolongato ; antennae longiusculae, inter
oculos insertae, 9-articulatae, articulo lmo magno conico, 2ndo oblongo sesqui
breviore et angustiore, 3 et 4 parvis tenuissimis ; 5*o iterum elongato, crassiore
conico, 6to minuto, ultimis tribus interne dilatatis latitudine non brevioribus,
clavam oblongam formantibus ; tarsi 4-articulati, articulo 2ndo dilatato, lobato,
3'° recepto, unguiculari elongato, unguibus simplicibus.

This genus agrees closely in characters with the next, but differs by its
broad tarsi, which are similar to those of the genuine Coccinellidae. The thorax
is rounded in front, extending slightly over the head, but not concealing it. The
posterior angles are rectangular, not produced ; the elytra are subtruncate at
the apex. The body is elliptical, a little narrowed behind, moderately convex and
glabrous. The prosternum is very narrow and acute, the mesosternum extremely
small and rounded in front ; the tibiae are a little dilated towards the extremity.

1. R. marinus, nigro-piceus, nitidus, subtilissime alutaceus, thoracis
angulis posticis, epipleuris, tibiis tarsisque rufescentibus. Long. *04.

Two specimens found at Coney Island under a dead Limulus Polyphemus.
Shining piceous black, very finely rugous, moderately convex. Antennae testa¬
ceous at base. Thorax twice as wide as long, almost semicircular, very slightly
sinuous at the apex, finely margined on the sides, base straight, posterior angles
subrectangular, somewhat rufous. Scutellum distinct. Elytra one-half longer
than wide, a little narrow’ed behind, conjointly broadly rounded at the apex,
very indistinctly punctulate ; epipleurae rufo-piceous ; feet piceous, tibiae and
tarsi paler.

MiCRosPHiERA Redt.

Caput liberum. Antennae breviusculae, 9-articulatae, inter oculos insertae,
articulo lrao magno, conico, 2ndo vix breviore at sesqui tenuiore, 3i° et 4to
minutis, 5t0 conico crassiore et longiore, 6to iterum minuto, tribus ultimis intus
dilatatis crassitie subbrevioribus ; tarsi non dilatati, articulo 2ndo paulo breviore,
3io fere obsoleto, unguiculari elongato, unguibus integris.

I have a little hesitation in referring the species here described to Redten-
bacher’s Microsphcera, as the mandibles are not entire, as described by him, but
armed with three very minute teeth. The palpi agree in form, but the third
joint of the tarsi is not cordiform, and indeed is scarcely visible. Redtenbacher’s
insect is pubescent, while ours is glabrous, and this character is one of great
constancy in this family. The genus Orthoperus (Stephens) also agrees nearly
with our insect, but is described as having the club of the antennae two jointed ;
the inaccuracy of the English authors in the description of minute species is
however so well known, that no great stress should be laid upon that character,
especially as according to all analogy it must be impossible in this tribe for a
genus to have but two joints in the antennal club. Pithephilus (Heer) is con¬
sidered by Erichson as identical with Microsphcera (Redt.), although it is
described as having pentamerous tarsi. This mistake might readily occur, as
the joints are very closely united. There can be no doubt about the proper
place of the genus in this tribe, as the wings are strongly ciliated just as in
Corylophus.

1. M. glabra, nigro-picea, ovata, nitida, elytris obsoletissime punctu-
latis. Long. -02.

Middle and Southern States ; on leaves. Ovate, a little narrowed behind,
moderately convex, entirely piceous black, shining. Head deflexed, thorax
more than twice as wide as long, narrowed in front, emarginate at apex,
scarcely margined on the sides ; base obsoletely sinuate, posterior angles rec¬
tangular. Scutellum minute. Elytra narrowed a little posteriorly, rounded at the
apex, and a little shorter than the abdomen, very sparsely and obsoletely punc¬
tured ; feet slender, black.

1852.]

143

-Oorylophus Leach.

Caput thorace obtectum. Antennae 9-articulatae, articulis duobus primis
elongatis crassis, 3io et 4to minutis, 5t0 elongato, conico, 6*0 minuto, tribus
ultimis magnis, crassitie vix brevioribus ; tarsi filiformes, articulo 3io non
recepto, unguiculari longo, unguibus simplicibus. Corpus rotundatum convexum
glabrum.

1. C. rnarginicollis, rotundatus, niger nitidus, thorace basi obtuse
producto, lateribus et apice testaceo-marginato, elytris punctulatis, pedibus
flavis. Long. *03.

Middle and Southern States, on leaves. Body rounded, convex, shining black.
Thorax semicircular, margin testaceous, base obtusely angulated in the middle,
posterior angles obtuse. Elytra strongly punctulate, a little rounded at the
apex. Legs yellow testaceous.

2. C. truncatus, rotundatus, piceus, thorace testaceo basi truncato,
elytris subrugosis vix punctulatis, pedibus flavis. Long. -03.

New York, under stones. Form and size of the preceding. Thorax testaceous,
sometimes darker on the disk ; posterior margin almost straight, posterior
angles acute a little produced. Elytra scarcely punctured, finely wrinkled.
Feet testaceous.

Sericoderus Steph.

Gryphinus Redt.

Caput thorace obtectum minutum. Antennae 10-articulatae, articulis 1 et 2
crassis, clava 3-articulata. Tarsi filiformes, articulo 3io minuto, non recepto,
unguiculari longo. Corpus ovatum convexum, pubescens, thoracis angulis
posticis productis, elytris postice angustatis apice truncatis.

The English genus Sericoderus is described as having the antennal club three
jointed, but Corylophus too has the same structure, according to British autho¬
rity. (Vide Westwood’s Modern Classif. Insects.) Comparing other characters,
such as the form of the thorax and elytra, and above all the figure in Shuckard’s
Illustrations of British Coleoptera, I find no reason why Redtenbacher’s genus
should be retained ; however, we owe to him the first good description of the
genus. (Fauna Austr. 573.)

1. S. fl a vidus, flavo-testaceus, flavo-pubescens, thorace macula antica
obscura notato, basi late sinuato, elytris subtilissime punctulatis. Long. *03.

New York and Lake Superior. Ovate, one-half longer than wide, uniformly
yellowish testaceous, densely pubescent. Thorax semi-circular, margined,
with a fuscous spot at the apex ; base broadly rounded in the middle, sinuate
each side, posterior angles moderately produced. Elytra very finely and
densely punctulate, very slightly narrowed to the apex, which is broadly trun¬
cate. Pectus dusky.

2. S. obscurus, rufo-piceus, flavo-pubescens, thorace lateribus rufis,
basi utrinque subangulato, elytris subtiliter punctulatis, apice pedibusque flavis.
Long. *025.

One specimen, New York. Smaller than the preceding and a little narrower.
The thorax is more broadly rounded in the middle, and the posterior angles are
more produced, forming with the middle of the base a distinct angle. The
elytra are a little more narrowed behind, and seem more distinctly punctured,
the truncated margin is yellowish. Beneath dusky, feet and tip of the abdomen
yellowish.

3. S. subtilis, flavo-testaceus, flavo-pubescens, thorace macula antica
obscura notato, angulis posticis valde productis, elytris punctulatis. Long. *02.

Illinois, Mr. Willcox. Smaller and more convex than S. flavidus, with the
thorax not so transverse, and the posterior angles much more produced. The
elytra are more narrowed posteriorly and more distinctly punctured. The pectus
is scarcely darker than the abdomen.

144

[August,

Sacium Lee.

Antenna 11-articulata , clavatce9 clava elongata , 5-articulata, articulo 2ndo
minors ; thorax captit obtegens ; tarsi angusti ; corpus elliptic-urn , subtiliter
pubescens .

This genus is precisely equivalent to Clypeaster, as limited by Redtenbacher,
(Faun. Austr. 572.) The name Clypeaster can, however, never be retained for it,
as a genus of Echini has long before been known under the same name. I have
therefore felt myself compelled to propose a new name, which however I will
apply only to our native species, leaving to any European Entomologist, who
desires it, the task of transferring the species found in his country. I do this the
more willingly, as I have no desire to attach my name to species, which I would
not recognise if they were placed before me.

1. S. lugubre, elongato-ellipticum, nigrum, subtiliter parce pubescens,
thorace antice utrinque testaceo, elytris minus dense punctatis. Long . *08.

Two specimens ; north shore of Lake Superior. Elongate elliptical, slightly
convex, shining black. Thorax semi-elliptical, a little longer than wide, broadly
margined, except at the apex ; finely, not densely punctulate, and finely
pubescent, marked with a small testaceous diaphanous spot each side of the
apex ; base very slightly sinuated. Elytra a little wider than the thorax,
broadly rounded behind, and a little shorter than the abdomen, distinctly and
not densely punctured, and sparsely pubescent : disc slightly impressed at the
middle of the suture, which is a little elevated behind.

2. S. obscurum, elongato-ellipticum, dense subtiliter pubescens, atrum,
thorace antice utrinque testaceo, elytris dense subtiliter punctatis. Long. *08.

North shore of Lake Superior, two specimens. This is very similar to S.
lugubre, but the elytra are much more finely punctured. The feet are piceous.

3. S. amabile, elongato-ellipticum, thorace testaceo medio nigro, elytris
subtiliter punctulatis piceis, macula basali, altera ad medium apieeque testaceis,
pedibus flavis. Long. *07 — *06.

Junction of the Colorado and Gila rivers. Similar in form to the preceding,
clothed with fine prostrate hair. Head yellow. Thorax semi-elliptical, a little
longer than wide, sinuate at base, moderately margined on the sides, testaceous
with a black vitta reaching from the apex almost to the base. Elytra scarcely
wider than the thorax, broadly subtruncate at the apex, finely punctulate, black,
with a spot at the base, another transverse one just behind the middle and the
apex testaceous ; suture not elevated. Beneath black, feet yellow.

4. S, fasciatum, ellipticum, subtiliter pubescens, thorace testaceo, medio
nigro, elytris subtiliter punctatis nigris, fascia pone medium, apieeque flavis,
sterno pedibusque flavo-testaceis. Long. *06.

Clypeaster fasciatus Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. 5, 259.

Middle States, rare. Elliptical, a little broader than the preceding species,
finely pubescent. Head yellow. Thorax semicircular, testaceous, dusky in the
middle, sides finely margined, base subsinuate. Elytra finely, not densely
punctured, shining black, with a fascia behind the middle, posterior lateral mar¬
gin and the apex yellow, apex almost truncate; pygidium piceous. Beneath
dark piceous, metasternum and first joint of the abdomen diagonally testaceous;
raesosternum, prosternum and feet yellow-testaceous.

5. S. lepidum, ellipticum, nigro-piceum, subtiliter pubescens, thorace
medio nigro, antice utrinque testaceo, elytris densius punctulatis, fascia angusta
pone medium, apieeque testaceis, pedibus obscure rufis. Long. *05.

One specimen, Habersham county, Georgia. Very similar to the preceding,
but the thorax is much darker, being testaceous only each side of the apex. The
elytra are more finely and densely punctulate, the testaceous fascia is dark
colored and less distinct ; the under surface of the body is uniform black, and
the feet are not yellow, but dark rufous.

6. S. lunatum, latius ellipticum, pubescens, nigro-piceum, thorace medio
nigro, margine testaceo, elytris subtilissime punctulatis, macula utrinque pone
medium lunata, margineque postico flavis ; pedibus piceis. Long. *04.

1852.]

145

One specimen, Missouri Territory. Much smaller and broader than S. fascia-
turn, piceous black, finely pubescent, thorax black in the middle, margin testa¬
ceous and diaphanous at the sides and apex ; base sinuated. Elytra not wider
than the thorax, finely not very densely punctulate, marked with a yellow lunate
spot behind the middle ; apex broadly rounded, margined with yellow, which
extends a short distance along the sides. Body beneath black, feet dark
piceous.

7. S. decolor, ellipticum, rufo-piceum, subtiliter pubescens, thorace
pallidiore medio obscuro, elytris subtiliter punctulatis, pedibus flavis. Long. ’03.

Two specimens, San Jose, California. Elliptical, rufo-piceous, finely pubes¬
cent. Thorax paler, diaphanous at the sides, dark in the middle, almost semi¬
circular, slightly sinuate at the base. Elytra very finely punctulate, rounded at
the apex. Body beneath piceous, abdomen paler ; feet yellowish.

8. S. misellum, latius ellipticum, rufo-piceum, valde punctulatum,
brevissime pubescens, thorace valde marginato, medio obscuro, pedibus testaceis.
Long. *03.

Two specimens, New York. Broader than most of the preceding species, very
slightly clothed with extremely short hair, entirely rufo-piceous, and strongly
punctulate. Thorax semicircular, strongly margined, paler than the elytra,
diaphanous at the sides, darker in the middle, base finely margined, scarcely
sinuate. Elytra broadly rounded at the apex ; body beneath rufo-piceous, feet
testaceous.

9. S. scitulum, late ellipticum, nigrum, subtilissime pubescens, tho¬
race flavo, puncto antico obscuro, elytris subtiliter punctulatis, fascia postica
lata, margine apicali pedibusque flavis. Long. *025.

Colorado River, California. Smaller than the others, and more broadly oval,
very finely pubescent. Thorax yellow, semicircular, with a dark spot near the
anterior margin. Elytra black, very finely punctulate, with a broad testaceous
fascia behind the middle, scarcely reaching the sides, apex rounded, narrowly
margined with yellow. Body beneath black ; abdomen testaceous, feet yellow.

Description of a New Species of Trombidium.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

T. magnificum, ovatum, postice angustatum et obtusum, densissime
miniato-velutinum, pedibus subaequalibus, rostro conico, apice obtuso. Long.
•32,— lat. -23.

Texas, Dr. S. W. Woodhouse. This fine species is remarkable for its great
size, being equal toT. tinctorium. It belongs however to a different
division of the genus, the eyes being placed immediately above the first pair of
legs. The rostrum is conical, and obtuse at the apex. The palpi are conical,
more than three times as long as the rostrum, thick at the base ; the terminal
hook is longer than the penultimate joint, and is glabrous only at the apex ; the
inferior appendage is a little longer than the hook, and very pilose, it appears
rounded at the extremity. The feet are two-thirds the length of the body, the
first and fourth pairs a little longer than the intermediate ones.

The body is soft, somewhat trapezoidal, narrowed and obtusely rounded
behind, less rounded in front, with the sides slightly sinuous in the middle. The
color is dark cinereous, above and beneath covered with very fine fur which is
of a bright vermillion color, becoming gray at the base of the legs. In the best
preserved specimens, the upper surface is irregularly impressed, resembling the
convolutions of the brain.

146

[August,

ELECTIONS.

Mr. G. W. Fahnestock, E. Brown Sequard, M. D., and Henry J.
Biddle, Esq., all of Philadelphia, were elected Members , and

Mr. Dexter Marsh, of Greenfield, Mass., Commander William F.
Lynch, U. S. N., and Dr. Wm. F. Daniel, of London, were elected
Correspondents of the Academy.

1852.]

147

September 7th, 1852.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Secretary of the Trustees of the New York State Library,
dated Albany, September 14th, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of the
Proceedings of the Academy, Vol. 6, No. 3.

From the Secretary of the American Philosophical Society, dated
August 20th, 1852, also acknowledging the receipt of a late number of
the Proceedings.

Dr. Le Conte read a paper, intended for publication in the Proceed¬
ings, entitled “ Description of a new species of Sciurus,” which was re¬
ferred to Dr. Ruschenberger, Dr. Leidy, and Dr. Camac.

Dr. Le Conte presented a second paper, also intended for the Pro¬
ceedings, entitled “Catalogue of the Melyrides of the United States,
with descriptions of new species/’ Referred to the same Committee.

Mr. Cassin announced to the Society the return of Adolphus L. Heermann,
M. D., a member of this Society, after a residence of nearly three years in various
parts of California. Dr. H. visited that country for the express purpose of in¬
vestigating its ornithology, and making collections in that, and in other depart¬
ments of natural history, which he has done with great judgment and unrivalled
zeal, and has brought home the most extensive and valuable collection of bird3
ever made in that country, with many other interesting objects.

Dr. Genth made some remarks on two series of very interesting salts, dis¬
covered by him about five years ago. They have conjugate bases, containing
cobalt and ammonia. The salts of one of the bases have red colors of different
shades between carmine and cherry-red ; those of the other base are orange-
colored. The red salts are very easily decomposed. The two bases and about
fifty different salts have been made, most of them in beautiful crystals. Dr.
Genth stated that (as his time is very limited) Dr. Wolcott Gibbs, of New
York, who has already prepared some of these salts, independently of his own
experiments, has promised him, at his request, to join his labor in completing
this investigation, after which both chemists intend to publish their results
under their joint names.

September 14 th.

Vice-President Bridges in tbe Chair.

Letters were read

From Mr. G. W. Fahnestock, dated Philadelphia, September 8th,
1852, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as a Member.

From Dr. G. G. Bischoff, dated Reading, Pa., June 11th, 1852, ac¬
companying his donation announced this evening.

Mr. Ashmead called the attention of the members to the collection of marine
Algae presented by him this evening. He said it was remarked by Harvey in the
“ Nereis Boreali- Americana," that after passing New York, the almost unbroken
line of sand is nearly destitute of Algae. u I have not,” he adds, “ received any
collection of sea plants made between Long Branch and Wilmington.”

However barren of Algae may be the shifting sands along the coast of New
Jersey, the floating spores have been carried into the inlets, and found a lodg-

PROCEED. ACAD, NAT. SCI. OP PAILADELPHIA. — VOL. VI. NO. V. 24

148

[September,

ment in the shallow bays, on the steep banks of the deeper thoroughfares, and
in the second from the Great Egg Harber riverto Cape Island. Algae occur in great
abundance, parasitical on the common eel grass (Zostera marina,) which is so
extensively dispersed in the bays, and on the bars in the vicinity of Beesley’s
Point, and which grows with such luxuriance as seriously to obstructthe passage
of boats when the tide is out. I found Algae growing on the oyster beds, on
sand bars, mud flats, also on shells, sods, and such submerged substances
as afforded a resting place.

The submerged portions of the ship Rhine, which went ashore last winter at
Corson’s Inlet, are already literally covered with marine vegetation.

From the want of a standard collection in the Academy, I am unable at pre¬
sent, with my limited knowledge of the science, to determine satisfactorily
many of the species. Among the specimens on the table will be found :

Fucus vesiculosus, Linn. Very common.

Ectocarpus littoralis, Lyng.

Ceramium rubrum, Ag.

C. diaphanum, Ag.

Callithamnion polysperm urn, Ag.

Nemaleon — - - ?

Laurencia tenuissima, Grev.
Polysiphonia, several species.
Bryopsis plumosa, Ag.

Lyngbia - ?

Ulva latissima, Linn.

Rhabdonia Baileyi, Harvey.

Ulva compressa.

i parasitic on Zostera marina.

September 21 st.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Dr. Leidy presented a paper from Prof. S. F. Baird and Charles
Girard, intended for publication in the Proceedings, on the u Charac¬
teristics of some new Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Insti¬
tution,^ which was referred to Dr. Hallowell, Dr. Le Conte, and Dr.
Leidy.

Dr. Le Conte presented a paper, intended for publication in the Pro¬
ceedings, entitled u Synopsis of the Scydmsenidm of the United States.”
Referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Fisher, and Dr. Zantzinger.

Dr. Le Conte presented a second paper, also intended for publication,
entitled “ An attempt at a Synopsis of the genus Geomys Raf.,” which
was referred to Dr. Wilson, Mr. Cassin, and Dr. Woodhouse.

Dr. Leidy called the attention of the Society to a fragment of a jaw
containing two teeth of Tapirus Haysii. This species had been charac¬
terized by him at a previous meeting, from a single tooth presented by
Dr. Hays to the Academy, and which at that time was the only portion
known. The present specimen is from the Post Pleiocene, near Natchez,
Miss., and was sent to Dr. Leidy by Mr. Wailes.

September 28 th.

Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair.

The Committee to which had been referred the following papers by
Dr. J. L.Le Conte, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

1852.]

Description of a New Species of Sciurus.
By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

Sciurus Heermanni Lee.

149

Supra e nigro alboque intermixtis griseus, subtus albus, auribus magnis
breviter pilosis, naso nigro, cauda disticha, albo-marginata, corpore non
breviore.

From tip of nose to root of tail, - - - 12*5 inches.

Head, . 3.2

Length of ear, ------ *9

Breadth of ear, ------ -7

Fore foot to end of longest claw, - - - 2-1

Hind foot to end of longest claw, - - - 3-2

Tail to end of vertebra, - - - - 9-8

Tail to end of hair, ----- 13.

California, from Dr. Heermann. Body above entirely of a light grey color,
produced by an intermixture of black and white points ; the hairs individually
are long and not fine ; they are gray at base, soon becoming black, and have a
pure white band about the middle ; intermixed with them are a few longer pure
black hairs. On the upper surface of the feet the hair is shorter, and the black
part comparatively smaller. A small spot towards the tip of the nose, and an
indistinct line above the eyes are black. The whiskers are shorter than the
head and entirely black. The ears are large, subtriangular, rounded at the tip,
and covered both within and without with short gray hair, which does not in
anyway form a fringe at the margin. Beneath the body is pure white, except
the perineum, which is gray. Tail long and distichous, with long hairs which
are black, with a gray base and white tip ; in those towards the edge the black
color is less developed, and some are even whitish with three black bands, of
which the outermost is very distinct. The tail thus appears gray, becoming
black externally, with a broad white margin ; beneath it is a little lighter in
color.

This species is one of a multitude of interesting objects procured by Dr. A.
L. Heermann during a three years’ residence in California. I beg him to accept
the dedication of it as a slight token of my appreciation of this active exertion
in studying the habits of animals, and collecting specimens in the less frequented
portions of our territory.

At first sight S. Heermanni bears a strong resemblance to several gray
squirrels found in the Atlantic States, more especially to S. cinereus, but
the much larger size of the ears, the deeper gray color of the upper surface of
the feet, and the absence of any brown color about the head, at once distinguish
it from all its neighbors.

Synopsis of the Scydm^enid^e of the United States.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

Since the publication of the extremely classical monograph of Scydmaenus by
Dr. Schaum,* and his corrections to the same,f the number of species found in
America has been greatly increased. A journey by Dr. Schaum to this country
has contributed largely to this result, and to him I am indebted for a fine series
of the species found by him, mostly in Louisiana. To M. Em. Wapler, late of
New Orleans, I must also express my acknowledgements for a beautiful series of
Scydmaeni, as well as other minute Coleoptera of Louisiana. The other species

* Analecta Entomologica.
f Germar’s Zeitschrift fur Entomologie, vol. 5.

150 [September*

described below have mostly been procured in my travels in the Southern States ;
a few are from California, but the distribution of this genus in the western and
northern parts of the continent appears to be very limited. The new Cephennium
is an interesting addition to our fauna. The new geDus Brathinus must, I think,
be considered as the American representative of Mastigus of the old world.
Eutheia is not yet discovered on this continent, nor have we any form which
corresponds to it. Our three genera may be easily distinguished follows :

A. Palpi maxillaries articulo ultimo minutissimo.

Palpi labiales articulo primo elongato, mandibulae

apice emarginatae (thorax amplus) . . Cephennium Mull.

Palpi labiales articulo primo brevissimo, mandibu-

lae acuminatae (thorax parvus) . . . Scydm^nus Latr.

B. Palpi maxillares filiformes, articulo ultimo longiore Bra.thinus Lee.

Cephennium Muller.

Megaloderus Steph. .Tyttosoma Wesmael.

1. C. corporosum, piceum flavo-pubescens, thorace angulis posticis subex-
planatis, elytris vix punctulatis basi foveatis, striolaque externa notatis, pedibus
antennisque testaceis, his articulis tribus ultimis maioribus. Long. -035.

New York, under stones in April very rare. Blackish piceous, sparsely clothed
with fine yellow hair. Head small, smooth ; antennae testaceous, half as long as
the body, 9th joint one half thicker than the 8th, rounded, a little transverse, 10th
still larger, subtransverse, 11th longer than the 10th and obtuse. Thorax very
transverse, sides parallel behind the middle, much rounded anteriorly, posterior
angles rectangular, a little flattened. Elytra scarcely narrower than the thorax,
convex, finely and sparsely punctulate, base impressed with a deep stria near the
humerus, extending one-third the length of the elytra, and a large fovea half way
between the stria and scutellum. Anus and feet bright testaceous, thighs not
clavate.

Scydmjenus Latr.

I have adapted Schaum’s division of the genus to our native species without
alteration, as it appears scarcely susceptible of any improvement ; for convenience
I have divided the group (B) differently, as several European forms in it are want¬
ing in this country.

1. Palpi maxillares articulo 4to subulato.

A. Collum thoraci immer3um, thorax cordatus, antennae sensim incrassatae :

mesosternum parum carinatum. Sp. 1 — 6.

B. Collum thoraci non immersum ; thorax subquadratus, antennae extus subito,
vel subsubito incrassatae.

a. Antennae articulis quatuor incrassatis.

a. Thorax trapezoideus, cum elytris angulum non formans. Sp. 7 — 14.

Thorax antrorsum subangustatus, cum elytris angulum formans.

Sp. 15—20.

b. Antennae articulis tribus incrassatis. Sp. 21 — 15.

c. Antennae feminae gradatim incrassatae, maris irregulares. Sp. 26.

2. (C.) Palpi maxillares articulo 4to obtuso, conico, indistincto. Sp. 27.

A.

1 . S. s u b p e n c t a t u s , piceus, parce pubescens, vertice bifoveato, thorace
ante basin transversim impresso, lateribus foveato, coleopteris rufo-piceis, ob-
longo-ovalibus, parce punctulatis, pedibus rufo-piceis. Long. *065.

1852.]

151

Lake Superior and St. Mary’s River. Shining piceous, smooth, more elongate
than usual. Head flattened, vertex bifoveate, front a little retuse ; palpi testa¬
ceous ; thorax longer than wide, slightly campanulate, not narrowed behind,
foveate each side near the base, and slightly transversely impressed at the middle
of the base. Elytra elongate oval, nearly twice as wide as the thorax in their
widest part, convex, sparsely and finely punctured with a fine hair proceeding
from each puncture ; base each side bifoveate. Legs slender, thighs rufo-piceous,
tibiae and tarsi testaceous.

2. S. m a r i ae , rufo-piceus, parce pubescens, vertice bifoveato, thorace campa-
nulato ante basin obsolete impresso, lateribus foveato, coleopteris ovalibus obso¬
lete parce punctulatis. Long. *065.

One specimen, St. Mary’s River, Michigan. This species is very similar to
the preceding, but the thorax is more rounded on the sides anteriorly, and dis¬
tinctly narrowed behind ; the basal impression is hardly visible, the lateral fovese
are less deep ; the elytra are wider and much less distinctly punctured ; the base
is marked a3 in the preceding with four punctures, causing the humeri and suture
to appear elevated.

3. S. cribrarius, rufus, nitidus, flavo-pilosus, thorace basi subtiliter 4-
punctato, elytris elongato-ovalibus, grosse punctatis. Long. -04.

Habersham County, Georgia. This species very much resembles the next, but
the color is paler, the form a little less slender, and the punctures of the elytra
more numerous and less large ; as in it the anterior thighs are much incrassated,
the others are slender. The thorax is narrowed behind, not sinuate on the sides,
and the basal punctures are very small.

4. S. perforatus, nigro-piceus, pilosus, thorace basi 4-punctato et trans-
versim impresso, coleopteris elongato-ovatis, minus dense variolosis, antennis
pedibusque flavis. Long. -04.

Schaum, Analecta Entomologica, 9.

New York and Massachusetts, rare. The thorax is slightly sinuate on the
sides.

5. S. sparsus, rufo-piceus, pilosus, thorace postice angustato, basi 4-punc¬
tato, et transversim subimpresso, coleopteris elongato-ovatis, parce punctatis,
basi utrinque bifoveatis. Long. *04.

San Jose, California. Form and size of S. perforatus, but the thorax is not
sinuate on the sides, and the elytra are foveate at base : the punctures are small
and much less dense than in S. cribrarius.

6. S. angustus, valde elongatu3, piceus, subtiliter pubescens, thorace elon-
gato, ovato, elytris minus convexis, sutura ad basin, humerisque elevatis, antennis
extrorsum magis incrassatis. Long. *03

San Jose, California. A small species very remarkable by its narrow form.
3y the shape of its thorax, which is neither cordate nor quadrate, but oval and
narrowed posteriorly, it seems to ngite Schaum’s groups 1 and 2 (Germ. Zeitschr.
5, 465). The antennae and feet are ferruginous, or rufo-piceous ; the former are
more thickened externally than in the preceding species, and are not longer than
the head and thorax : the thighs are somewhat dilated.

B. — a — at.

7. S. Schaumii, fusiformis, pilosus, rufo-piceus, thorace antrorsum angus¬
tato, basi non impresso, elytris basi subfoveolatis, pedibusque rufis, femoribus
valde clavatis. Long. -08.

Louisiana, Dr. Schaum. One of the largest of our species, and easily distin¬
guished by its rufous elytra and unimpressed thorax. Body fusiform, wider pos¬
teriorly, rufo-piceous, shining. Head densely covered with erect reddish hair ;
antennae as long as the head and thorax, rufous, joints 3 — 6 small, equal, 7th a
little longer and thicker; 8 — 10 about one half longer and thicker than the 7th,
globose ; 11th oval, subacute: penultimate joint of the maxillary palpi regularly
obconical, the last very small. Thorax longer than wide, densely pilose, narrowed

152

[September.

in front, sides straight, base slightly rounded, not impressed. Elytra at the middle
about one-fourth wider than the thorax, impunctured, rufous, not very densely
covered with long hairs, humerus elevated, suture anteriorly depressed, base
with a very small fovea inside of the humeral impression. Beneath piceous, anus
testaceous. Feet entirely rufous, thighs very clavate.

8. S. flavitarsis, latius fusiformis, pilosus, piceus, thorace antrorsum an¬
gustato, basi non impresso, elytris basi vix impressis, femoribus valde clavatis,
tibiarum apice tarsisque flavis. Long. *08.

One specimen, New York. Wider than the preceding, which it very much
resembles ; the antennae are dark rufous, they are formed as in S. Schaumii, but
the 7th joint is not perceptibly larger than the 6th. The elytra at the middle
are fully one-third wider than the thorax; the humerus is elevated and the base
is depressed from the humerus to the suture, but not foveate. The feet are pice¬
ous, the thighs are very clavate, the extreme tip of the tibiae, and the whole of
the tarsi are pale yellow. The last joint of the maxillary palpi is much larger
than in S. Schaumii.

9. S. fossiger, latius fusiformis, pilosus, piceus, thorace antrorsum valde
angustato, basi non impresso, coleopteris basi 4-foveatis, femoribus valde clavatis,
tarsis flavis. Long. *08.

One specimen, Cambridge, Mass. Yery similar to S. flavitarsis : the thorax is
much more narrowed in front, so that the apex is scarcely half as wide as the
base : the elytra at the middle are one-third wider than the thorax, the humeri
are elevated and the suture depressed, there are two basal foveae, of which the
inner is the smaller. The antennas are precisely as in S. flavitarsis ; the palpi
are yellowish, with the last joint distinct.

10. S. capillosulus, latius fusiformis, pilosus, rufo-piceus, thorace antror¬
sum angustato, basi subtiliter transversim impresso, coleopteris basi subfoveola-
tis, pedibus rufis, femoribus valde clavatis. Long. f08.

Georgia, Pennsylvania and New York. Sometimes in the nest of a small fus¬
cous ant with rufous legs. This species is very similar to S. Schaumii, but i3
wider, and is known at once by the impressed line at the base of the thorax.
The antennae and palpi are precisely as in S. Schaumii: the humeri are more
elevated, the suture is a little elevated at base, and marked with a fine impressed
line, which curves around the base reaching the humeral fovea, the elytra at the
middle are fully one-third wider than the thorax.

11. S. b a s a 1 i s , fusiformis, pilosus, rufus, thorace antrorsum angustato, basi,
subtiliter transversim impresso, coleopteris basi foveolatis, antennarum articulis
intermediis rotundatis, femoribus valde clavatis. Long. -06.

Georgia and Louisiana. Yery similar to the preceding, but smaller. The
antennae are as long as the head and thorax, the joints 3 — 7 are rounded, not
longer than wide : the three next are larger and also rounded ; the last longer,
oval and subacute : on the elytra, the suture is a little elevated anteriorly and
marked with a slight stria ; the base is slightly bifoveate, and the humeri are
elevated.

12. S. hirtedlus, latius fusiformis, breviter pilosus, rufus, thorace antror¬
sum angustato, basi non striato, elytris obsolete punctulatis, basi vix foveatis.
antennis breviusculis articulis intermediis rotundatis, femoribus valde clavatis.
Long. *05.

Georgia. This species is smaller than S. basalis, and the antennas are shorter
and less slender. The unimpressed thorax, shorter pubescence and scarcely
foveate elytra will readily distinguish it from the other species in which the
thorax and elytra form a regular outline, without any re-entering angle. One
specimen has the 8th joint of the antennae intermediate in size between the 7th
and 9th, so that the club appears only three-jointed. I am unable to perceive
any other difference, and in the absence of other specimens, leave it under the
present species.

153

1852.]

13. S. a n alis , fusiformispilosus, thorace antrorsum angustato, basi non striato
elytris vix obsolete punctulatis, basi unifoveatis, antennis longiusculis articulis
intermediis subrotundatis, ano pedibusque flavis, femoribus clavatis. Long.
•045.

Louisiana, Schaum and Wapler. This species is very similar to the preceding,
but is narrower, being of the form of S. basalis, with which it agrees also in the
antennae, but differs in size, and in having no impression at the base of the thorax.
The feet are testaceous, the thighs are darker : the tip of the abdomen beneath is
yellowish.

14. S. b r e v i c o r n i s , piceus, subfusiformis, dense sordide pubescens, thorace
antrorsum angustato, elytris basi vix foveatis, antennis breviusculis, articulis
intermediis subrotundatis, femoribus valde clavatis. Long. -055

Say, Long’s Exped. to St. Peter’s River, 2,213 : Schaum, An. Ent. 19.*

New York and Pennsylvania, in the nests of a small black ant. This species
is more obtusely rounded behind than the preceding species of this division. The
pubescence is more prostrate, and very dense. The antennae are not longer than
the head and thorax: the four last joints form a club larger in proportion than in
the other species, and as long as the other joints collectively. The thorax is
less narrowed in front than in the preceding species, and is a little rounded on
the sides : there i3 no impression at the base : the elytra are slightly foveate
inside of the humerus.

B. — a — (3.

15. S. r a s u s , testaceus, glaber, thorace longiusculo, lateribus subrotundato,
basi utrinque foveato, transversim impresso, elytris convexis basi foveatis. Long.
•015. '

Pennsylvania, Haldeman ; found with a small fuscous ant. This species is of
a bright testaceous color, and entirely glabrous. The head is convex and rounded.
The antennae are longer than the head and thorax, the joints 3 — 1 are cylindrical,
the four last are globular and about twice as thick as those which precede them.
The thorax is a little wider than the head, longer than wide, slightly narrowed
in front, very slightly rounded on the sides, flattened on the disc, and deeply
foveate near the basal angles : the fovese are connected by a transverse impres¬
sion. The elytra are twice as wide as the thorax, regularly oval and convex,
forming a slight angle with the thorax; the base is broadly foveate inside of the
humerus. The anterior thighs are strongly clavate.

16. S. obscurellus, piceus breviter pubescens, thorace longiusculo, antice
subangustato, elytris basi viximpressis, antennis articulis rotundatis, pedibusque
rufescentibus. Long. *045

One specimen, Liberty County, Georgia. A small species, easily distinguished
by its piceous color and elongate thorax. Head convex, smooth, strongly pilose
at the posterior angles : antennae a little longer than the head and thorax, the
joints after the 2d globular, the four last about one-third thicker than those which
precede, the last being larger and obtuse. Thorax pilose, not wider than the
head, nearly one-half longer than wide, very slightly narrowed in front, apex trun¬
cate, sides straight. Elytra one-half wider than the thorax, and forming an almost
indistinct angle with it, obliquely n arrowed behind the middle, slightly pubescent :
base scarcely foveate. Feet rufous, thighs clavate.

18. S. clavatus, rufo-piceus, tenuiter pubescens, thorace longiusculo, antice
angustato, basi tenuiter impresso, elytris dorso depressis, basi unifoveatis, an¬
tennis fortius clavatis articulis suptransversis. Long. *045.

One specimen, Liberty County, Georgia. Elongate rufo-piceus ; head convex,
very strongly pilose, each side posteriorly so as to appear truncate at base : an¬
tennae as long as the head and thorax, joints 3 — 6 rounded, short, closely united :

* Schaum erroneously cites the Journal of the Academy of Natural of Sciencs
for the descriptions of this species, and S. clavipes.

154

[September,

7th very little larger, globular : 8—10, one-half wider, rounded, somewhat trans¬
verse, 11th nearly twice as long as the 10th, and obtuse. Thorax not wider than
the head, longer than wide, narrowed in front, very slightly narrowed on the
sides, finely pubescent, disc a little flattened, finely impressed transversely near
the base. Elytra scarcely one-third wider than the thorax, and forming with it
a very obtuse but distinct aDgle : elongate oval, disc flattened, finely pubescent,
very obsoletely punctulate, base with a fovea inside of the humerus. Legs tes¬
taceous, anterior thighs strongly, posterior moderately incrassated.

18. S. clavipes, piceus, capite glabro, thorace dense piloso, longiusculo.
antrorsum angustato et rotundato, basi transversim impresso, elytris rufescen-
tibus parce pilosis, basi foveatis, antennis articulis elongatis, femoribus clavatis.
Long. -05 — *06.

Say, Long’s Exped. to St. Peter’s River, 2,272 : Scbaum, Anal. Entom. 18.

Lake Superior, Georgia, Louisiana. A darker variety is S. pilosicollis of my
catalogue of Lake Superior Coleoptera in Agassiz’ Lake Superior. The head is
smaller in this than in the preceding species, oval, and glabrous ; the elongate
slender antennae will also easily distinguish it ; their four last joints are nearly
one half thicker than those which precede, and are also longer than wide. The
female has broader elytra than the male, and somewhat shorter antennae.

19. S. consobrinus, nigro-piceus, capite glabro, thorace longiusculo,
piloso antrorsum angustato et rotundato, basi transversim impresso, elytris parce
pilosis basi foveatis, antennis articulis penultimis rotundatis, femoribus clavatis.
Long. -05.

One specimen, New York. In form this species is precisely similar to the
preceding, but the difference in the antennae seems sufficient to separate it. These
organs are here somewhat longer than the head and thorax ; the joints 3 — 6 are
equal, closely connected, and not longer than wide ; the seventh is a little larger
and slightly conical ; 8th, 9th and 10th are rounded, not longer than wide ; the
11th one half longer and subacute.

20. S. b i c ol o r , elongatus, piceus, capite glabro, thorace piloso elongato»
subcampanulato, basi transversim impresso, elytris parce piloso, non foveatis-
palpis pedibus antennisque testaceis, his articulis rotundatis, penultimus subtrans-
versis. Long. *06.

One specimen, Georgia, with Formica pensylvanica. More narrow than S.
clavipes, piceous, very shining. Head elliptical, smooth, glabrous ; antennae a
little longer than the head and thorax, testaceous, joints 3 — 6 equal rounded ; 7th
one third larger, globular ; 8 — 10 one half wider than the 7th, rounded, slightly
transverse, 11th not transverse, obtuse. Thorax covered with erect hair; one
half longer than wide, sides posteriorly straight, anteriorly much rounded; base
strongly impressed and subfoveate. Elytra twice as long as wide, nearly twice
as wide as the thorax, regularly narrowed each way from the middle, smooth,
not foveate at the base, with a few fine long hairs, especially towards the margin.
Feet yellow testaceous, thighs strongly clavate.

B— b.

21. S. sal in a tor, nigro-piceus, thorace piloso, longiusculo, lateribus antice
rotundatis, basi 4-foveato, elytris cum thorace angulum formantibus, glabris,
antennis articulis elongatis, tribus ultimis maioribus. Long. *06.

Cambridge, Mass., in salt marshes. Very similar in form to S. clavipes, but
at once known by the antennae having only three enlarged joints. Entirely black¬
ish piceous; head oval, smooth, glabrous ; antennae half as long as the body,
slender, joints 3 — 7 equal, a little longer than wide ; 8th one half longer and a
little thicker, somewhat conical ; 9th and 10th equal, a little longer, and nearly
twice as thick as the 8th ; 11th subacute. Thorax covered with erect black hair,
a little wider than the head, longer than wide, narrowed in front, convex, slightly
rounded on the sides anteriorly ; base with four punctures. Elytra one half wider
than the thorax, and forming a very obtuse angle with it ; entirely glabrous,
slightly foveate at base. Thighs moderately clavate.

1852.]

155

22. S. fa t nu s, nigro-piceus, parce pubescens, thorace trapezoideo, antrorsum
augustato, basi transversim impresso, elytris cum thorace angulum formantibus,
convexis, basi valde foveatis, pedibus antennisque testaceis, his articulis tribus
ultimis abrupte maioribus. Long. *03.

One specimen, New York. I am unable to discover the acicular joint of the
maxillary palpi in this species, but it is so similar to the other species of this
division, that I am convinced that it properly belongs here and not in divi¬
sion (C.)

Blackish brown, finely and sparsely pubescent. Head rounded ; palpi and base
of antennae testaceous ; joints of the latter 3 — 8 rounded, subequal ; 9th and 10th
nearly twice as wide, transverse, 11th obtuse. Thorax not longer than wide,
narrowed in front, slightly rounded on the sides, transversely impressed at the
base. Elytra one half wider than the thorax, and forming with it a very obtuse
angle, oval convex, deeply foveate at base, sparsely pubescent. Feet yellowish
testaceous, thighs clavate.

23. S. m i s e 1 1 u s , testaceous, minus convexus, pubescens, thorax quadrato,
lateribus antice rotundatis, basi medio transversim impresso, elytris basi im-
pressis, antennis brevibus, articulis tribus ultimis rotundatis multa maioribus.
Long. -025.

Two specimens, from the upper part of Georgia, under pine bark. This species
seems very similar to the European S. nanus (Schaum, Germ. Zeitschr. 5,471),
but diners in color. Entirely pale rufo-testaceous, shining, finely pubescent.
Head slightly transverse, rounded. Antennae as long as the head and thorax,
joints 3 — 8 equal, small, rounded; 9 — 11 twice as wide as the preceding, round¬
ed, scarcely transverse. Thorax wider than the head, quadrate, rounded on the
sides anteriorly, disc flattened, with a small transverse impression at the middle
of the base, formed by the confluence of two punctures. Elytra flattened on the
disc, wider than the thorax, ovate, very slightly punctulate, impressed at the
base. Thighs a little thickened.

24. S. gravidus, piceus, pubescens, thorace antrorsum angustato, basi
transversim impresso, elytris brevioribus rufescentibus, ovatis, basi foveatis,
antennis gracilibus, articulis tribus ultimis rotundatis abrupte maioribus.
Long. *04.

Louisiana, Schaum, one specimen. Broader than the neighboring species,
piceous pubescent. Head rounded ; antennae a little longer than the head and
thorax, slender, joints 3 — 8 equal, not elongated, 9 and 10 more than twice as
thick, globular, 11th a little longer, obtuse. Thorax wider than the head, trape¬
zoidal, narrowed anteriorly, sides almost straight, base with a strong transverse
impression. Elytra somewhat rufous, ovate, twice as wide as the base of the
thorax and forming with it a very indistinct angle ; moderately convex, base
strongly foveate ; thighs slightly clavate, tarsi testaceous.

25. S. fulvuSj fusiformis, testaceo-rufus, pubescens, thorace longiusculo,
trapezoideo, elytris basi vix impressis, antennis brevibus, articulis tribus ultimis
rotundatis, abrupte maioribus. Long. *03.

Upper part of Georgia, under pine bark. This species has very nearly the
form of S. analis, but the thorax is longer.

Bright rufo-testaceous, covered with fine yellow hair. Head strongly pilose
posteriorly. Antenn® as long as the head and thorax, three last joints equal,
globular, twice as thick as the preceding ones, which are small and rounded.
Thorax longer than wide, scarcely wider than the head, narrowed in front, sides
straight, base not impressed. Elytra one half wider than the thorax, continuous
in outline with it, regularly narrowed behind the middle, sparsely punctulate,
slightly depressed on the disc, scarcely foveate at the base, thighs but slightly
clavate.

B-c.

26. S. g r a c i 1 i s , elongatus rufo-testaceus, pebescens, capite angusto, thorace
elongato, antrorsum subangustato, basi impresso, elytris elongato-ovalibus, con-
vexis basi impressis, antennis articulis 5 ultimis sensim Grassioribus. Long. -06.

25

156

[September,

San Jose, California, near water, abundant. Reddish testaceous, finely pubes¬
cent. Head one half longer than wide, sides almost parallel ; last joint of the
palpi very distinct; antennae as long as the head and thorax; in the female with
the joints 3 — 6 subequal slightly rounded, 7 — 10 gradually larger, rounded, not
transverse, 11th larger obtuse ; in the male the 4th joint is twice as thick as the
3d and globular ; the 5th narrow, the 6th triangular, strongly produced internally
at the apex, 7 — 11 as in the female. Thorax a little wider than the head, one
half longer than wide, gradually slightly narrowed in front, transversely im¬
pressed at the base. Elytra twice as wide as the thorax and forming an angle
with it, elongate elliptical, convex, impunctured, foveate at the base. Legs
slender, thighs subclavate.

2 rt C*

^4. S. Zimmermani, testaceo-rufus, pubescens, thorace elongato, sub-cor-
dato, elytris elongato-ovatis, punctatis, convexis, antennis articulis tribus ulti-
mis abrupte maioribus. Long. *06.

Schaum, Anal. Entom. 26.

One specimen, Habersham Co., Georgia ; a slender yellowish red species,
easily known by its slightly cordate elongate thorax and strongly punctured
elytra.

The following species is unknown to me, and the description does not permit it
to be referred with probability to any particular group. It is perhaps allied to
S. subpunctatus Lee.

S. californicus,“ piceus nitidus, subpubescens, capite triangulari, ver-
tice excavato, thorace quadrato, lateribus subsinuatis, basi subimpresso, utrin-
que foveolato, elytris rufo-testaceis, apice subtruncatis, ore antennis pedibusque
testaceis. Long. % lin.”

Motschulsky. Bull. Mosc. 1845, 1, 48.

California.

Brathinus Lee.

Palpi maxillares filiformes, articulo ultimo longiore ; labrum antice membra-
neum, late emarginatum ; mandibulae apice acuminatm ; antennae elongatae fili¬
formes ; tarsi posteriores articulis gradatim, brevioribus, indistinctis.

A remarkable apterous and glabrous genus, which except in the presence of
eyes and in the form of the head and thorax bears a strong resemblance to Lep-
todirus, (Schmidt.)

The head is oval, strongly constricted behind, with the eyes moderately pro¬
minent; the front between the antennae is concave ; the vertex marked with two
impressed lines converging behind ; the labrum is transverse, hairy, apparently
membranous anteriorly and broadly emarginate ; the mandibles are acute at the
apex; the ligula is emarginate, the labial palpi moderately short, three-jointed,
the last joint a little longer ; the mentum is transverse, scarcely trapezoidal ; the
head behind the mentum is deeply channeled, and bilobate. The maxillary palpi
are long and slender ; the first joint is small, the second long, slightly conical, the
third one half as long as the second, cylindrical ; the fourth a little longer than the
second, very slightly fusiform, almost acute at the tip. Antennae inserted under
the margin of the front, two thirds as long as the body, almost filiform, first three
joints shining, the others opaque ; 2nd joint a little shorter than the 3rd, which
is equal to the fourth and following ones. Mesosternum entirely simple ; legs
very long and slender, thighs not at all clavate; tibial spurs obsolete, tarsi short,
the four first joints of the anterior and intermediate tarsi distinct, short, almost
equal, the first a little longer ; the four first joints of the posterior feet gradually
shorter, very indistinct, the fourth so closely united to the third and so short as
to be scarcely visible. Thorax ovate, convex, not wider and scarcely larger
than the head, narrowed behind, truncate at base and apex. Elytra not connate,
ovate, large, convex, gradually dilated from the base for two thirds their length,
then broadly rounded to the apex.

1852.]

157

1. B. n i ti du s, piceus, nitidis3imus, thorace pallidiore, antennis pedibusque
testaceis, elytris glaberrimis, stria suturali, obsoleta notatis. Long. ’18.

Four specimens, Nova Scotia, Dr. Leidy. I am unable to discover any sexual
character, one specimen appears to have the penultimate ventral segment of the
abdomen a little produced over the anal segment in the middle.

2. B. varicornis, nigro-piceus, nitidissimus, elytris parce pilosis, pedibus
testaceis, genubus nigris, antennis basi testaceis, medio nigris, articulis 3 ultimis
albis. Long. *15.

One specimen, Utica, J. C. Brevoort. The elytra are testaceous at the extreme
apex ; there is no sutural stria, but the suture is slightly elevated behind the
middle, the setae are very few and fine, they appear to be arranged in three or
four lines. The antennae are a little less slender than in the preceding species ;
the first four joints are dark testaceous, the four next are black ; the three last
are white, the extreme apex of the last joint is piceous.

Mr. Brevoort found this insect at the roots of some grass growing near water.

An Attempt at a Synopsis of the Genus Geomys Raf.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

Having discovered in the museum of the Academy two nondescript species
belonging to this curious genus of pouched rats, I thought that it might be use¬
ful, in making them known, to attempt also to bring together in a concise man¬
ner the characteristics of the species heretofore described.

The collection of the Academy is fortunately so rich in this genus that I have
had an opportunity of inspecting more species than any author since Richardson
first made known his numerous species.

I would further observe, that on account of the great rarity of specimens in the
museums of continental Europe, the attempts in systematic works to reduce this
genus to order have been by no means successful.

Rightly has Richardson preferred the older name of Rafinesque to the more re¬
cent ones of Kuhl, Lichtenstein and Say; Pseudostoma, the name proposed by the
latter, and unfortunately employed in the superb work of Audubon and Bachman
on North American mammalia, can in no case be adopted, because, as will be
seen below, even if the early name of Rafinesque should be dismissed on account
of any mental obliquity displayed in other matters, the name Saccophorus, pro¬
posed by Kuhl, has fully three years priority. For the same reason Ascomys.
proposed by Lichtenstein, and adopted by Wagner in his supplement to Schreber.
must also be rejected, although it antedates Say’s name by one year.

There is among many scientific men a tendency to disregard every thing written
by Rafinesque, on the plea that many of his names are hastily proposed, and
founded upon false or imaginary characters. But surely his scientific zeal and
laborious research deserve more attention, where their results are not obscured
by his mental peculiarities. This view has induced me to coincide with Rich¬
ardson in restoring to this group the generic name of Geomys.

Some persons disposed to be hypercritical might object, that as Rafinesque in
reality established two genera, Geomys and Diplostoma, both referring to the
same things, it is a matter of doubt which name should be adopted, and would
therefore reject both. A simple reference to the original text will at once re¬
move this objection. The imperfection of the specimens will account for the
“ no tail ” of Diplostoma, but no stretch of imagination can excuse the “ four
toes to all the feet,” and “ two long jutting and furrowed front teeth above and
beneath.”

The characters of Geomys, on the contrary, are correct in every particular,
and quite sufficient to separate the genus from all others known.

Misled by accounts of travellers, Richardson at first divided this group into
those with external and those with internal cheek-pouches, reserving to the for¬
mer the untenable name of Diplostoma. In his recent writings he has reviewed
his former opinion, and now considers them as forming but one genus.

158

[September,

Mach of the confusion in the species has arisen from a laudable desire to iden¬
tify and retain the names of the older authors, even when unsupported by suffi¬
cient descriptions. Science has now, however, advanced so far, that it is time to
get rid of all hypothetical synonyms by excluding definitely all that is too im¬
perfect for use, even when sanctioned by great age or character. I have accord-
ingly placed at the end of this paper, references to all such descriptions as seem
to be unfit for quotations under any individual species, and would recommend
that these having now been collected together, should be hereafter passed over
in respectful silence.

The synonyms of this genus are as follows Geomys Raf. (1817):
[Diplostoma Raf. (1817) ; Sacchophorus Kuhl , (1820) ; Ascomys Lichtenstein ,
(1822) ; Pseudostoma Say , (1823); Oryctomys, Eydoux, (1827); Thomomys
Wied. (1839).

The two last names belong only to the second division of the genus, or those
with smooth incisors, that character having been assumed as of generic value.

The following analytical table expresses the relation between all the species
which I have bad an opportunity of examining. Four species of Richardson be¬
longing to group B. and G. castanops, the place of which is uncertain, have not
been included, as I have not seen them, and can only take what has been writ¬
ten by others upon them.

A. Dentes primores superiores profunde sulcati.
a. Cauda-fere nuda.

1. Rufo-fuscus fere hispidus

2. Supra rufus : primores superiores bicaniculati

3. Supra plumbeus : primores superiores unisulcati

b. Cauda pilosa.

4. Supra nigricans, primores superiores unisulcati

5. Supra fuscescens, primores superiores bicanaliculati

G. hispidus Lee.

G. canadensis Lee.
G. pineti Raf.

G. mexicanus Rich.
G. oregonensis Lee.

B. Dentes primores non sulcati.

*3. Supra rufescens, infra albicans, auribus brevibus G. rufescens Lee.

A. Dentibus primoribus sulco profundo exaratis.
a. Cauda fere nuda.

1. G. hispidus, pilis concoloribus rufo-fuscis minus subtilibus tectus, cauda

brevi nuda, auribus obsoletis.

Length from nose to root of tail, ----- 11-5

Tail, . - 3

Anterior foot to end of claw of third toe, - - - 1-7

Posterior foot to end of claw of third toe, - 1-9

One specimen, Mexico, Mr. Pease’s collection. This species differs from all
the others in having the fur very coarse and harsh, and entirely of a reddish
brown color. Beneath it is slightly grayish, but the difference in color is by no
means obvious. The ears are not at all prominent, being merely openings in the
skin. The whiskers are as long as the head. The upper incisors are broken off,
but enough remains to show that they were deeply grooved near the middle of
the anterior surface ; it is impossible to determine if there is a second submar¬
ginal groove. The tail is completely naked except at the root. The feet are
precisely as in the other species of this division of the genus.

2. G. c a n a d e n s i s , supra rufus, infra flavicans, pilis subtilibus, basi satu¬
rate plumbeis, genis pedibusque albidis, cauda mediocri nuda, auribus brevibus,

primoribus superioribus bisulcatis.

Length from nose to foot of tail, - - - - - 6-7

“ Tail, . 3-2

Anterior foot to end of third claw, - - - - 1*3

Posterior foot to end of third claw, 1-3

159

1852.]

Ascomys canadensis Lichtenstein, Abhandl. Bed. Akad. 1822, p. 20, tab.;
Brantz, Muiz. 24 ; Wagner, Schreb. Saiigeth. Suppl. 3, 383 ; Schinz, Syn. Mam.

2, 132.

Pseudostoma bursarius Say, Long’s Exped. 1, 406, Godman, Nat. Hist. 2,
90, fig. 2 ; Harlan, Fauna, 153 ; Audubon and Bachman, Quadrupeds of Ame¬
rica, 1, 332, pi. 44.

? Mus saccatus Mitchell, Med. Repos. 1821 ; 5, 89.

Saccophorus bursarius Kuhl, Beitrage, 66 ; Fischer, Syn. Mam. 304 ; Eydoux,
Yoy. Favorite, 1, 23.

One small specimen from the Bonaparte collection, locality not stated. Ac¬
cording to Lichtenstein and Bachman it is found in Canada and in the upper and
middle portion of the valley of the Mississippi.

The fur is fine and dense, not very lustrous ; it is deep plumbeous for two-
thirds of its length ; above it is tipped with rufous, beneath with ochreous yel¬
low ; the margin of the cheek pouches, the feet, and the posterior part of the fore
legs are covered with whitish hair. The margin of the ears is short but very
distinct ; the tail is almost entirely naked. The superior incisors have two
grooves, the outer one broad and deep, nearer the external than the internal mar¬
gin ; the inner one fine and deep, contiguous to the margin. The anterior claws
are comparatively larger than in G. hispidus.

This species agrees accurately with the description and figure of Lichtenstein.
Mus bursarius ( Shaw ,) which is referred to this species, is altogether doubtful,
and ought to be omitted ; his description reads “ cauda subnuda,” while the figure
represents it as decidedly hairy for its whole length ; the references to it as well
as to other notices too imperfect for determination will be found at the end of
this essay. Godman’s figure is worthless, and both his account and Harlan’s are
copied from Say. Mitchell’s account is extremely imperfect, and nothing but
the locality (Lake Superior) induces me to refer it to this species. Wagner has
misquoted Lichtenstein ; the citations from Brantz and Kuhl I have copied, as I
have not had access to their original memoirs. Eydoux’ remarks relate only to
the teeth, and are applicable to other species.

3. G. p i n e t i , mollipilosus, plumbeus, pilis inferioribus apice albidis, mento
pedibusque albopilosis, cauda brevi nuda, auribus obseletis, primoribus, superi-
oribus extra medium sulcatis.

Length from nose to root of tail, - - - - - 11*

“ Tail, - . 2-5

Anterior foot to end of third claw, - - - - 1*4

Posterior foot to end of third claw, - 1*5

Rafinesque, Am. Monthly Magazine, 1817, 2, 45.

Saccophorus? pineti Fischer, Syn. Mam. 305.

Pseudostoma floridana Aud. and Bachm. Quadrup. Am. 3 pi. 150, fig. 1.

One specimen from Florida in the Academy, and two from Alabama, from V.
G. Audubon, Esq. ; also inhabits the lower part of Georgia, but suddenly dis¬
appears at the Savannah river, not extending into South Garolina. The fur is
fine, dense and shining, dark plumbeous, on the back tipped with blackish brown,
fading gradually on the sides into brown, and on the belly into whitish gray ;
the upper lip is white; the ears are scarcely perceptibly elevated; the tail is
naked, with only a few distant, short, grayish hairs. The upper incisors are
deeply grooved just outside of the middle of the anterior face : the inner margin
is not grooved. The smaller of the specimens sent me by the kindness of Mr.
Audubon is more decidedly brown, so that the dark color is assumed only by
the adult animal, or is dependent on season.

Rafinesque’s description <£ murine color, tail entirely naked, shorter than the
body,” although short, is characteristic, and coupled with the locality, leaves no
doubt whatever of the identify of the present species. There is a notice in
Bewick’s History of Quadrupeds, (New York ed., 1804, p. 525,) of a species from
Georgia, by Dr. S. L. Mitchill, which from the locality may be identical with
the one here described, but the description is worthless, and is moreover unac¬
companied by any systematic name.

160

[September,

b. Cauda pilosa.

4. G. mexicanus, mollipilosus, saturate cinereus, supra nigro-tinctus,
naao brunneo, cauda mediocri, pilosa, versus, apicem subnuda, auribus brevibus,
primoribus superioribus medio profunde sulcatis.

Length from nose to foot of tail, - - - - - 11*

“ Tail, - -- -- -- - 5.

Fore foot to end of middle claw, - - - - - 1*7

Hind foot to end of middle claw, ----- 1-7

Ascomys mexicanus Lichtenstein, Abhandl. Berl. Akad. 1825, 113 ; Brantz,
Muiz. 27 ; Wagner, Schreb. Saugth. Suppl. 3, 384 ; Schinz, Syn. Mam. 2, 133.

Saccophorus mexicanus Fischer, Richardson, Rep. Brit. Ass. 6, 156; Syn. Mam.
305 : Eydoux, Yoy. Favorite, 23, tab. 8.

One specimen, Mexico, Mr. J. Speakman. Fur very fine, shining, very dark
cinereous, above tipped with black, beneath entirely cinereous ; nose and whis¬
kers brownish ; breast and fore legs slightly tinted with brown. Ears short.
Upper incisors with a very deep groove on the middle of the anterior surface.
Feet thinly clothed with brownish hair. Tail covered with hair, which is very
dense and long at the base, gradually becoming shorter and more scanty, leav¬
ing the tip almost naked.

This specimen agrees with Lichtenstein’s and Wagner’s descriptions, except
that the tail is not “ very thinly haired ; ” a lighter colored specimen mentioned
in a marginal note by Wagner, had the “ root of the tail surrounded by a very
short band of hair ; the remaining part naked, with verticillate scales.” So that
this species must vary considerably in the structure of the tail, or there are
several closely allied species confounded under the same name. The extraordi¬
nary variations mentioned by Brantz, but not seen by any other author, would
3eem to give weight to the latter opinion ; the varieties are thus described : —
Castaneus, infra canescens, maculis gastraei duabus nigro-fuscis.

uy. Saturate nigro-fuscus, maculis gastraei duabus irregularibus albis, canal-
iculo dent. prim. sup. magis laterali et externo.”

I have omitted the citations from Hernandez and other old and unsystematic
authors, because I see no utility in repeating continually barbarous names, which
were in use before natural history assumed the form of a science.

5. G. oregonensis, mollipilosus, cinereus, castaneo-tinctus, dorso fusces-
cente, mento, cauda brevi, pedibusque albo-pilosis, auribus brevissimus, primo¬
ribus superioribus bisulcatis.

Large. Small.

Length from nose to root of tail,
“ Tail, -

Fore foot to end of third claw,
Hind foot to end of third claw,

-

„

-

10*8

7.7

-

-

-

2-3

2-3

-

-

-

1*5

1*2

-

-

-

1-2

1-

Two specimens marked “Pseudostoma bursarius, Columbia river, J. K.
Townsend.” Another from Mr. Audubon without locality, under the same
name. Fur fine, shining, very dark cinereous, tipped with chestnut brown,
becoming paler beneath ; hair on the middle of the back tipped with fuscous ;
whiskers shorter than the head, whitish ; chin with a large spot of whitish hair ;
feet densely clothed with white hair. Ears with a very short elevated margin.
Upper incisors with a very deep groove at the middle, and a narrow but distinct
one at the inner margin of the anterior face. Tail short, covered with whitish
hair, becoming scanty at the tip. Claws of the posterior feet rather obtuse, and
moderately flattened.

The hairy tail and white chin at once distinguish this species from G. cana¬
densis. The color is much less red, and the middle of the back darker. It agrees
very closely with the figure and description of Diplostoma? bulbivorum, Rich¬
ardson, Fauna Bor. Am. 206, pi. 18B, (the latter marked by mistake D. Dougla-
sii,) but that species has no grooves on the upper incisors.

1852.]

161

B. Dentes primores sulco medio nullo.

6. G. rufescens, mollipilosus, saturate cinereus, supra rufo-tinctus,lateribus
et infra albo-tinctus, oribus brevibus, cauda mediocri albo-pilosa, primoribus

superioribus intus marginatis.

Large. Small.

Length from nose to root of tail, ... 8- 5-4

“ Tail, . 1*9 2-

Fore foot to end of third claw, ... 1. *8

Hind foot to end of third claw, . . . 1-15 *9

Thomomys rufescens Weid, Nov. Act. Leop. Car. Akad. (1839) 19, 377 ;
Schinz, Syn. Mam. 2, 134.

Geomys borealis Bachman, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. (1839) 8, 103 ; Richardson,
Report British Ass. 2, 150 ; Schinz, Syn. Mam. 2, 136.

Geomys Toivnsendi Bachman, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 8, 105 ; Richardson, Zool.
of Beechey’s Yoy. 12; Schinz, Syn. Mam. 2, 137.

?Oryctomys ( Saccophorus ) Bottce Eydoux, Yoy. Favorite, (1837) 1, 2, 23.

Ascomys rufescens Wagner, Schreber Saiigeth. Suppl. 3, 387.

Ascomys borealis Wagner, ibid. 391.

Ascomys Townsendi Wagner Wagner, ibid. 391.

Pseudostoma borealis , Aud. & Bachm. Quadr. Am. 3, pi. 142.

Saccophorus borealis Gray, Cat. Brit. Museum, 142.

“ Geomys bursarius Richardson.” Gray, ibid.

Two specimens from Columbia river, J. K. Townsend; the larger one labelled
“ Pseudostoma Townsendi (Rich.),” the smaller one “Pseudostoma borealis.”

The fur is very fine and shining, dark cinereous, tipped on the back with ru¬
fous, on the sides and beneath with white; on the chin and feet the hair is almost
entirely white. The whiskers are gray, and nearly as long as the head. Th^
ears are short but distinct. The tail is covered with whitish hair ; the upper in¬
cisors are slender, and marked with a very fine line at the inner margin of the
anterior face.

This species (and probably all the others of this division,) has the inferior
incisors much more slender than those above described ; the fossorial claws of the
anterior feet are also much smaller, so that even if the teeth were wanting no
difficulty would ensue in the determination of the species.

The specimen of the Prince de Weid was found on the plains of the Missouri,
but his description agrees so accurately with our specimens, that there can be no
doubt of their identity. Dr. Bachman mentions his want of faith in the specific
difference of the two specimens described by him, and gives them as distinct on
the authority of Richardson. The latter remarks in Beechey’s Voyage, that 4,G.
Townsendi is distinguished from G. borealis by its longer tail.” It must be ob¬
served, however, that in Dr. Bachman’s measurements, the small specimen of G.
borealis, five inches and a half in length, has the same length of tail as the large
one, which is two inches longer. The specimen of G. Townsendi of the same
size as the large G. borealis, had a tail nine lines longer, which is in exact pro¬
portion to the small specimen of G. borealis. The large specimen now before
me, (which is labelled G. Townsendi,) has the precise proportions of the G.
borealis described by Bachman, and is probably the identical one examined by
him. On careful examination, I find that the tail does not taper regularly as in
the other specimen, and, moreover, at its apex a distinct cicatrix is visible. I
think we are therefore warranted in concluding that Geomys borealis is founded
in a mistake.

I do not know what Mr. J. E. Gray means by quoting <£ Geomys bursarius
Richardson, Report of British Association, 1836, 156,” as a synonym of this
species. Sir John Richardson, on page 9 of the Zoology of Beechey’s Voyage,
mentions that Mus bursarius of Shaw is a Geomys, and on page 12 describes G.
borealis, thereby implying that he considers them as distinct species.

There is a third specimen in the museum of the Academy labelled “ Pseudos¬
toma Richardsonii, Columbia river, J, K. Townsend,” which only differs from

162

[September,

those above described in being darker colored, and brown above, rather than
rufous ; the head is darker, the breast is slightly tinged with brown, the chin and
inside of the cheek pouches more distinctly white, and the sides of the mouth
dark fuscous. As, however, I can find no specific characters of importance, I
am obliged to consider it as a variety. Its dimensions are as follows :

Length from nose to root of tail, . 7*5

“ Tail, . . . 2*9

Fore foot to end of third claw,
Hind foot to end of third claw,

1-1

1-25

7. G. Douglasii, “supra fuliginosus, subtus pallidior, capite nigricante ;
sacculis buccalibus,pedibus caudaque albidis ; dentibus primoribus omnibus sulco
subtili submarginali signatis.”

Length from nose to root of tail,
“ Tail,

Fore foot with longest claw,
Hind foot with longest claw,

Inches. Lines.

6 6 '

2 10

1

1 2

Richardson Fauna Bor. Am. 200, pi. 18, C. 1 — 6, (Skull.); Aud. and Bachm
pi. 105.

Ascomys Douglasii Wagner, Schreber Saugeth. Suppl. 3, 392.

Geomys fuliginosus Schinz, Syn. Mam. 2, 136.

Columbia River. Richardson in his generic description mentions that the ears
have an elevated margin ; the species is cited in the Zoology of Beechev’s Voyage,
page 22, but as no further account is given of it, I have of course omitted that
reference. Schinz has created an unnecessary synonym by neglecting to observe
that plate 18B, of Fauna Boreali- Americana, represents in reality Geomys bulbi-
vorus, and is lettered by mistake Diplostoma Douglasii.

8. G. t alp oides, “supra subtusque cano-niger, gula caudaque brevi albi3,
pedibus posticis subtetradactylis ; dentibus primoribus superioribus sulco sub-

marginali.”

Inches.

Lines.

Length from nose to root of tail,

7

4

“ Tail, .

1

10

Fore foot with middle claw,

10J

Hind foot with longest claw,

•

11

Richardson, Fauna Bor. Am. 204 ; Schinz, Syn. Mam. 137.

Cricetus ?talpoides Richardson, Zool. Journal, 2, 518.

Ascomys talpoides Wagner, Schreber Saugeth. 1. c. 390.

F seudo stoma talpoides Aud. and Bach. Quadr. Am. 3, 43, pi. 110.

Hudson Bay ; Saskatchewan? “ Ears slightly margined.”

9. G. umbrinus, “ supra umbrinus, subtus griseus, gula pedibusque albidis,
dentibus primoribus laevigatis.”

Length from nose to root of tail,
“ Tail,

Fore foot to end of third claw,
Hind foot to end of third claw,

Inches.

7

1

Lines.

9

10

Richardson, Fauna Bor. Am. 202 ; Schinz, Syn. Mam. 137.

Ascomys umbrinus Wagner, 1. c. 389.

“ Cadadaguios, Louisiana.” This species has been seen by no one but Rich¬
ardson ; it seems by description very similar to the next, but by the generic de¬
scription of Richardson it ought to have a distinct margin to the ears.

10. G. bulbivorus, ‘ ‘supra inter castaneo et flavido-fuscum intermedius, infra
griseo-fu3Cus,labiis, maxilla inferiori sacculisque albidis, cauda pallide brunnea.

1852.]

163

Length from nose to root of tail,
“ tail,

Fore foot to end of third claw,
Hind foot to end of third claw,

Inches. Lines.

11 0

2 6

1 0

1 6

Richardson, Zool. Beechey’s Voy. 13 ; Schinz, Syn. Mam. 2, 135.

Diplostoma ? bulbivorum Richardson, Fauna Bor. Am. 1, 206.

Diplostoma Douglassii Richardson, ibid. pi. 13, B.

Geomys Douglassii Schinz, Syn. Mam. 2, 135.

Ascomgs bulbivorus Wagner, 1. c. 387.

Columbia river ; ears obsolete. No one since Richardson appears to have ob¬
served this animal. Schinz has made ODe species of the description, and another
of the figure of this animal : his description of the latter seems concocted from
the text under Diplostoma? bulbivorum.

11. G. castanops, pallide flavo-brunneus, capite utrinque macula laterali
magna castanea notato.

Inches.

Length to base of tail, (approximate,) ... 8

“ tail, . 2f

Hand, (along the palm,) . 13-12ths

Length of exposed part of middle anterior claw, . £

Hind foot (along sole) from heel, .... 1 4-12ths

Middle claw, . 19-60ths

Pseudostoma castanops Baird, Stansbury’s Exped. to Great Salt Lake, 313.

Found near Bent’s Fort. Dr. Baird does not mention whether the tail is naked
or hairy ; the incisors are not described, probably because they were wanting,
and we have therefore no data to determine the position of this species. Judging
by the length of the exposed part of the anterior middle claw, it should belong to
the first division.

A species with bisulcate superior incisors is mentioned by Richardson (Report
British Ass. 5, 157,) under the name Geomys Drummondi, and by Wagner as
Ascomys Drummondi, but as no description has yet been published, the species
must of course be dropped from the books.

The following descriptions are too imperfect, or too faulty for reference.

Mus bur3arius Shaw, Lin. Trans. 5, 227, pi. 8 ; Shaw, Gen. Zool. 2, 1, 100,
pi. 138.

Mus bursarius Mitchill, Silliman’s Journ. 4, 183.

Cricetus bursarius Desmarest, Mammalogie, 312, (copied from Mitchill and
from Shaw.)

Cricetus bursarius F. Cuvier, Diet. Sc. Nat. 20, 257, (copied.)

Diplostoma fusca Rafinesque, Am. Month. Mag. 1817, 45.

Diplostoma alba Rafinesque, ibid.

Saccophorus? albus Fischer, Syn. Mam. 305.

Geomys cinerea Rafinesque, Am. Monthly Mag. 1817, 45.

Geomys bursarius Richardson, Fauna Bor. Am. 203 ; Zool. of Beechey’s
Yoy. 9.

Catalogue of the Melyrides of the United States , with Descriptions of New

Species.

By Jo^n L. Le Conte, M. D.

Div. 1. Mu/nrh.i,

Collops Er.

1. C. b i p u n ct a t u s Er. Entomographien, 55; Malachius bipunctatus
Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. 3, T85 ; Am. Entom. 3, pi. 48.

Missouri Territory and Northern Mexico.

26

164

[September,

2. C. marginicollis, niger cinereo-pubescens, supra nigro-pilosellus,
capite vix punctulato, thorace laevi transverso, rufo-margiDato, elytris cyaneis,
confertissime subtiliter punctatis, abdomine sanguineo. Long. -2.

San Diego, California ; one female, with the antennae piceous, except the
three basal joints, which are rufous. The thorax is more transverse and less
rounded on the sides than the next species, and the discoidal black spot is so
large as to leave only a narrow red margin.

3. C. nigriceps Er. Entom. 56; Malachius nigriceps Say, Journ. Ac.
3, 183; Am. Ent. 3, pi. 48.

Middle and Southern States.

4. 0. eximius Er. Entom. 56.

New York. Very similar to the preceding, but the anterior femora are yel¬
low, and the abdomen sanguineous, without black spots.

5. C. tricolor Er. Entom. 57 ; Malachius tricolor Say, Journ. Ac. 3, 182 ;
Am. Ent. 3, pi. 48.

New York and Lake Superior ; a variety with the lateral margin of the elytra
more distinctly rufous, is found in Missouri Territory.

6. C. punctatus, niger subtiliter cinereo-pubescens, supra dense nigro-
pilosellus, capite confertim subtiliter punctato, thorace laevi rufo, transverso,
lateribus et basi valde rotandatis, elytris alutaceis, confertim punctatis.
Long. *17.

Two females from Missouri Territory; the antennse are black, with the
two basal joints rufous ; the body beneath is black, with the coxae inclining to
rufous.

7. C. cribrosus, aeneo-niger, cinereo-pubescens, supra nigro-pilosellus,
thorace laevi, rufo, transverso, lateribus valde rotundato, macula magna discoi-
dali nigro notato, elytris convexis viridibus grosse punctatis, pedibu3 anticis
testaceis. Long. *15 — -17.

San Diego, California, under sea weed. The male has the antennae entirely
rufous ; in the female the external joints are piceous, with their outer angles
rufous.

8. C. q u a drim ac ul at us Er. Entom. 58. Malachius 4- niaculatus Fabr.
Syst. El. 1, 308.

Common in the Middle and Southern States.

9. C. confluens; niger, cinereo-pubescens, supra nigro-pilosellus, capite
subtilissime punctulato, thorace rufo transverso, ad latera punctulato, elytris
confertissime punctatis rufis macula basali alteraque majore postica fere con-
fluente viridibus, abdomine sanguino. Long. -17.

Missouri Territory, two females ; the antennae are piceous, with the four
basal joints pale ; the spots on the elytra are so large as to leave only the suture
and margin red ; the red is wider at the middle, both on the suture and margin,
while in the next species, the external margin alone is dilated. From both C.
4-maculatus and C. vittatus it is easily distinguished by the finely punctured
Bides of the thorax.

10. C. vittatus Er. Entom. 60; Malachius vittatus Say, Journ. Ac. 3,

184; Am. Ent. 3, pi. 48. ( <$ ) Megadeuterus Haworthi Westwood, Tr. Ent-

Middle States, rare.

11. C. marginellus, niger, densius cinereo-pubescens, supra nigro-
pilosellus, capite thoraceque subtiliter punctulatis, hoc tenuiter rufo marginato,
transverso, elytris cyaneis confertim punctatis margine ad medium latiore sutu-
raque rufis, abdomine pedibusque rufis. Long. -17.

River Colorado, California; the red margin of the elytra is dilated as in C.
vittatus. The antenna; of the male are entirely rufous, those of the female are
piceous, with three or four basal joints rufous.

1852.]

165

12. C. punctulatus, niger subtilins pubescens, et parcius nigro pilosel-
lus, capite confertim sabtilius punctato, thorace parcius punctulato margine
laterali tenui testaceo, elytris alutaceis, subtilins punctatis, margine ad medium
latiore, sutura antice dilatata apiceque flavis, tibiis tarsisque testaceis, femori-
bus nigris. Long. *12.

One female, Missouri Territory; the first joint of the antennae and half of the
second are pale, the others are black.

14. C. hi 8 trio Er. Entom. 59 ; Mannerheim, Bull. Mosc. 1843, 247.

California, unknown to me. This species fs very similar to 4-maculatus, but
the thorax is densely punctulate, and the posterior spot of the elytra reaches
the margin near the apex.

Malachius Fabr. (emend. Er.)

1. M. aen e u s Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 306 ; Er. Entom. 66.

Cambridge, Mass., Dr. Harris. Undoubtedly introduced, but apparently
naturalized, as one or two specimens occur every year. For the synonyms see
Erichson as cited above. The references relate only to the occurrence of the
insect in Europe, and therefore should have no place in our fauna.

2. M. a u r i t u s , cyaneo-niger, vix cinereo-pubescens, labri margine
clypeoque flavis, thorace vix transverso, angulis omnibus rotundatis, lateribus
anguste rubris, elytris subtiliter scabris, linea vix elevata notatis. Long. -23.

San Francisco and San Jose, California. The male has the tips of the elytra
obliquely truncate and split, the inner part rising over the outer; in the female
the tip is not distorted, and is of a brilliant red color. The maxillary palpi are
short and subacute; the abdomen is entirely horny beneath.

3. M. 1 o n g ic e p s , niger nitidus, breviter nigro-pilosellus, parce subtiliter
pubescens, capite elongato, thorace lateribus sanguineis rectis antice rotundatis,
elytris vix rugosis sutura apiceque sanguineis. LoDg. *15.

A very singular species from San Diego, California. The head is twice as
long as wide, the antennae are inserted in front of the eyes, but not at the tip ;
they are strongly serrate in the male, and but moderately so in the female, the
last joint of the maxillary palpi is longer than the preceding, and acute. The
thorax is not wider than long. The elytra are dilated behind, and the tip is
entire in both sexes. The basal joints of the abdomen are membranous in the
middle of their ventral surface. The anterior tarsi of the male have the two
basal joints slightly dilated. In this species the clypeus has a small mem¬
branous spot anteriorly, similar to the 1 rhinarium ’ of some species of
Necrophorus.

Anthocomus Er.

1. A. Erichsonii. “ A. otiosus Say.” Er. Entom. 99.

This species is unknown to me, it differs from the next species by having the
apex of the elytra of the male compressed ; the anterior tarsi are not dilated.

2. A. otiosus. Malachius nigripenvis\fifij, Journ. Ac. 3, 184; Mala¬
chius otioszcs Say, Am. Ent. 3, pi. 48. Anthocomus atripennis Er. 108 (var.
with immaculate thorax.)

Middle and Southern States. The male of this, as of all the following species
has the second joint of the anterior tarsi enlarged and produced above the
third and fourth joints ; the tip of the elytra is not compressed or distorted. The
anterior feet are usually yellow.

3. A. rufifrons. Malachius rvfifrons\ Dej. Cat.

Georgia ; from a specimen too mutilated for description this species seems
very similar to the last mentioned, but differs in the head being entirely rufous.

4. A. lateralis, niger, subtilissime cinereo-pubescens, clypeo rufo,

166 [September,

thorace transverso, lateribus et angulia yalde rotundatia 8ubtiliter punctulato,
rufo, vitta lata nigra notato, elytris vix rugosia. Long. *10.

Pennsylvania. Very similar to A. otiosus, but the thorax, besides being
finely punctulate, has the posterior angles more broadly margined.

5. A. flavilabris. Malachius flavilabris Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5,
169. Mai. cceruleus Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 16.

One specimen, Vermont. Prof. C. B. Adams.

6. A.circumscriptua Er. Entom. 107. Malachius drcumscriptus Say,
Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 185.

SoutLern States, not rare.

7. A c i n c t u a , testaceus, supra niger, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens, parce
nigro-pilosellus, ore thoracis margine tenui, elytrorum basi margineque omni
flaxis, postpectore nigr®. Long. -12.

Colorado River, California. The antennse are piceous, with the -base pale;
the thorax is transverse aud rounded on the sides as in the other species. The
pygidium is black, margined with testaceous; the abdomen has two rows of
piceous spots, the posterior tibiae are piceous.

8. A. difficilis, niger, ore flavo, thorace lateribus tenuiter flavis, elytris
margine suturali et externo usque ad medium, apiceque flavis, pedibus basi
flavis. Long. -13.

Colorado River. This species ia so similar to the last, in every respect,
except color, that I hesitate to consider it distinct ; the pubescence if it ever
had any has been entirely removed. Only a single specimen was found.

9. A. lobatus, flavus, parce cinereo-pubescens, capite postice piceo’
thorace maculis 3 nigris confluentibus notato, scutello nigro, elytris nigris
margine omni, basi suturaque late flavis, subtus niger pedibus abdominisque
apice flavis. Long. -07.

A very pretty little species from the Colorado River, California. The
antennm are piceous, with the under part of the basal joints pale. A variety
has the head black, with only the clypeus pale ; the spots of the thorax so large
as to leave only a narrow yellow margin ; the sutural yellow margin of the
elytra not reaching the scutel, and the posterior feet dusky. It was found at
Vailecitas, on the western edge of the desert of the Colorado.

10. A.terminalis Er. Entom. 108. Malachius terviinalis Say, Journ.
Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 71.

Middle and Southern States.

11. A.scincetus Er. Entom. 109. Malachius scincetus Say, Journ.
Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 170.

Southern States. Inasmuch as Erichson has adopted this specific name, I
do not venture to change it. I fear, however, that the German philosopher has
been as much at a loss as myself to give any meaning to it. It certainly can¬
not be considered as a ‘vox euphonia,’ such as are frequently invented by those
who rejoice in a limited amount of classic lore. The name given by Dejean
(Malachius lividus') is certainly infinitely better.

This species varies in the color of the thorax, which is sometimes entirely
black ; usually it is yellow with a broad black vitta.

12. A. granularis Er. Entom. 112.

South Carolina, Dr. Zimmerman.

13. A. basalis, niger, glaber, nitidus, clypeo pedibusque flavis, thorace
subtilissime punctulato, basi, flavo-marginato, elytris postice latioribus, vix
rugosis. Long. 06.

One specimen, Colorado Jliver, California.

14. A. melanopterus Er. Entom. 110.

This species is unknown to me.

1852.]

167

Eb.eus Er.

1. E. m or ulus, niger nitidus, parce pubescens, thorace subtransverso,
lateribus et basi rotundato, elytris impunctatis, abdomine brevioribus, abdo¬
minis segmentis flavo-marginatis, clypeo pedibusque anterioribus testaceis.
Long. *12.

One specimen, Missouri Territory. The antennae are piceous, with the infe¬
rior margin pale.

2. E. apicalis Er. Entom. 119. Malachius apicialis Say, Journ. Ac. Nat.
Sc. 5, 170.

Southern States, very abundant ; the elytra of the female are entirely black.
It is the Malachius meUnopterus of Dejean’s Catalogue.

3. E. bicolor, niger, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, capite, thorace antenna-
rum basi pedibusque flavis, elytris subtiliter alutaceis. Long. -07.

One male-, from Georgia, with the tip of the elytra yellow and hamate as in
the preceding species, from which it differs principally by its yellow head.

4. E. pusillus, Malachius pusLllus Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 170.

Southern States; the male has the tip of the elytra yellow and hamate ; the

female resembles very much Anthocomus granularis Er., but is distinguished at
once by its bluish color and densely alutaceous elytra.

5. E. o b 1 i t u s , niger, vix cyanescens, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, thorace
convexo, subtilissime punctulato, subtransverso, lateribus et basi rotundato,
postice subangustato, elytris convexis subtilissime punctatis, antennarum basi,
pedibusque flavis. Long. *07.

Middle and Southern States. Differs from the preceding by its less transverse
more convex, and finely punctured thorax; the male, as usual, has the tip of
the elytra pale colored and hamate ; in the female the elytra are much dilated
behind.

6. E. submarginatus, longiusculus, seneo-niger, tenuiter pubescens,
thorace subtiliter alutaceo non transverso, versus basin angustato, basi refun-
data obsolete rufescente, elytris vix dilatatis depressiusculis, obsolete rugosis,
abdomine brevioribus. Long. *06.

One specimen, Colorado River, California. The antennae and tibiae are testa¬
ceous at base.

7. E. minutus, Malachius minulus Mel3. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 305.

Pennsylvania. Tbis species is unknown to me. It is described as being

black, with the feet antepectus, head and thorax rufous, the latter with a
dusky vitta. It may be an Anthocomus, but from its small size, the reference
to this genus is probably correct.

Acletus Lee.

Antennae 11-articulatae, maris pectinatae. Clypeus brevissimus, indistinctus.
Labrurn parvum transversum, breve. Palpi maxillares breves, articulo 4to apice
acurainato. Tarsi antici maris articulo 1“° inferno, 2ndo obliquo.

I have only males of this genus, which differ from Ebaeus by the first joint
of the anterior tarsi being inferior, and almost indistinct; the tip of the elytra
is not impressed ; the ventral segments of the abdomen are entirely corneons.
The iflsect has somewhat the appearance of Malthinus, but with longer elytra.

1. A. nigrellus, niger, nitidus, vix pubescens, thorace valde transverso,
capite vix latiore, angulis omnibus rotundatis, posticis, explanatis, elytris thorace
paulo latioribus, subtilissime vix rugosis. Long. *11.

Two male from Eagle Harbor, Lake Superior. The posterior tibiae are slight¬
ly bent inwards, and the joints of the antennae after the 4th, are triangular,
with the internal angle much prolonged, so that the organs become tolerably
strongly pectinate.

168

Microlipus Lee.

[September,

Antennae 11-articulatae, elongatae, subserratae. Palpi maxillares, breves,
crassi, articulo 4to conico. Labrum quadratum, apice subrotundatum. Clypeus
brevis, coriaceus. Tarsi antici articulis 4-subtus breviter lobatis.

The body is elongate and linear, the head as broad as the thorax, very much
narrowed in front of the eyes, which are prominent ; the tip of the elytra is
simple in both sexes ; the head of the male is slightly trifoveate ; the ventral
segments of the abdomen are entirely corneous.

1. M. la ti ceps, elongatus, aeneo-niger, tenuissime cinereo-pubescens
clypeo flavo, thorace vix transverso, angulis rotundatis, margine tennui flavo,
elytris vix rugosis, apice rotundatis anguste flavis. Long. *13.

San Diego, California ; the palpi and antennae are black, the under part of
the three basal joints of the latter pale. The pale margin of the thorax is inter¬
rupted at the apex in a specimen from San Francisco, which also has the thorax
a little narrowed behind, and the posterior angles less rounded than in the San
Diego specimens. It may perhaps be a different species, but a greater number
of specimens will be wanted to determine the question.

Atelestus Er.

1. A. basalis, opacus, sanguineus, brevissime pubescens, capite fusco,
thorace latitudine longiore, postice angustato basi producto et emarginato,
elytris depressis, thorace loagioribus, atris basi sanguineo-marginatis.
Long. ’12.

San Diego, California, under sea weeds. The red of the base of the elytra
extends on the outer margin almost to the middle. The male of this species,
as well as of both the following, has the 2d joint of the anterior tarsi obliquely
produced above (as in our species of Anthocomus) as far as the end of the 3rd
joint, which is also elongated. In this character it differs remarkably from
Erichson’3 Atelestus hemipterus, the male of which has the first joint of the
anterior tarsi produced obliquely under the second. According to Erichson’s
principles of division, our species should form a separate genus, but as 1 have
been able, by this description, to find no difference except this sexual one, I do
not feel justified in giving a new generic name to the species here described.

2. A. abdominalis, sanguineus, opacus, brevissime pubescens, thorace
latitudine longiore, postice angustato, basi producto vix emarginato, elytris
depressis, thorace longioribus, atris, abdomine toto atro. Long. -12.

San Diego, with the preceding ; the scutellum is red, but the elytra are
immaculate.

3 A. collaris, niger, opacus, brevissime pubescens, thorace latitudine
vix breviore, rotundato, sanguineo basi medio late emarginato, elytris thorace
brevioribus, scabris. Long. *12.

San Francisco ? One male sent by Mr. Pease. In the two preceding species
the elytra are gradually widened from the base, and lie together at the suture
for the greater part of their length. In this species they are not widened on
the sides, and commence to separate immediately behind the scutellum, which
is black.

Div. 2. Dasytini.

Dasytes Fabr.

Although differing much in the form of the body, there appears to be no natu¬
ral mode of separating the following species into genera; the two last species,
which are the only ones from the eastern part of the continent, do recede
remarkably from the others in the absence of the appendages between the claws
of the tarsi. There are however European species similar to them, which are
retained by Redtenbacher, in the genus Dasytes. We have not in North Ame¬
rica the intermediate forms having one claw simple and the other with an

1852.]

169

appendage. The following scheme may aid the student in determining the
species, which in the western part of the continent will become quite nnmerous
and very difficult.

A. Ungues omnes appendiculati.

a. Thorace transverso, marginibus integris, Sp. 1 — 8.

b. Thorace elongato, marginibus integris, Sp. 9.

c. Thorace lateribus serruiatis, Sp. 10 — 17.

B. Ungues non appendiculati, Sp. 18 — 19.

A — a.

1. D. fuse us, fusco-subaeoeus, dense fusco-pubescens, obesus, thorace
longitudine duplo latiore, lateribus valde rotundatis, elytra convexis, subtilius
sat dense punctulatis, pedibus rufo-piceis. Long. ’14.

Yallecitas, California, May. The male has the thorax wider than the elytra,
which are a little narrowed posteriorly.

2. D. suturalis, oblongus nigro-aeneus, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens,
deuse nigro-pilosellus, thorace latitudine paulo breviore, lateribus paulo rotun¬
datis, angulis posticis obtusis, elytri3 confertim punctulatis et subrugosis,
sutura lateribusque densius cinereo pubescentibus. Long. *13 — ’15.

San Diego, California. In the male the elytra are narrower than the thorax,
and narrowed posteriorly.

3. D. conformis, nigro-aeneus, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens, dense nigro-
pilosellus, oblongus, thorace latitudine breviore, lateribus et angulis posticis
valde rotundatis, elytris confertim punctulatis et subrugosis, sutura saepius
densius cinereo-pubescente. Long. *12- — 14.

San Diego. Very similar to the last, and only differing in the form of the
thorax; the male has the elytra slightly narrowed posteriorly.

4. D. sordidus, oblongus, convexus, aeneo-piceus, longius sordide
pubescens, et nigro-pilosellus, thorace latitudine breviore, parce subtiliter
puntulato, lateribus rotundatis, elytris sat dense minus subtiliter punctatis.
Long. *14.

S*n Diego abundant; distinguished by the equally distributed coarse pubes¬
cence and longer more numerous erect black hairs. The male is a little nar¬
rower than the female.

5. D. griseus, oblongus, convexus, aeneo-piceus, densius longe sordide
pubescens, non pilosellus, thorace latitudine breviore, punctulato, lateribus
rotundatis, elytris sat dense grossius punctatis, pedibus antennisque rufis.
Long. *1.

One specimen, California, (San Diego?). The joints of the antennae are not
transverse, and from the 4th — 10th are equal in size. The preceding species
have the antennae serrate only from the 5 h joint.

6. D. brevicornis, oblongo-cylindricus, aeneo-piceus, dense subtiliter
longe cinereo-pubescens, non pilosellus, thorace latitudine breviore, punctulato,
lateribus valde rotundatis, elytris sat dense grossius punctatis, pedibus anten¬
nisque rufis, his articulis a 4*° subtransversis. Long. *1.

San Diego. A little narrower than D. griseus, and with more rounded thorax.
The antennae are shorter, the joints from the 4th are transverse, and the 7th and
8th are a little narrower than those which precede them.

7. D. squalidus, oblongo-elongatus, aeneo-piceus, subtiliter longe’cinereo-
pubescens, nigro-pilosellus, thorace transverso parce punctulato, lateribus paulo
rotundatus, angulis posticis obtusis, elytris sat dense grossius pucctatis, dorso
leviter depressis. Long. 09.

San Diego, two specimens. Resembles most nearly D. suturalis, but is
smaller ; the posterior angles of the thorax are less distinct, and the elytra less
finely punctured. As in D. suturalis, the 4th joint of the antennae is scarcely
dilated.

170

[September,

8. D. sen e seen s, subelongatis. cylindricus, nigro-pilosellus, vix subtilis-
sime cinereo-pubescens, thorace subtransverso, parce punctulato, lateribus et
angulis posticis valde rotundatis, elytris dorBO subdepressis sat dense grosse
punctatis. Long. -10.

San Diego ; the male is a little narrower than the female.

A— b.

9. D. co n s t ric tu s , elongatus, a?neo-fuscus, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens,
non pilosellus, thorace latitudine fere longiore, capite vix latiore ante medium
angustato et paulo constricto, elytris subtilliter punctatis, antennis pedibusque
rufis. Long. 09.

San Diego, rare. The sides of thorax are almost straight, and parallel,
with the exception of the sinuosity produced by the anterior constriction.

A — c.

10. D. canescens,' subelongatus subcylindricus, aeneo-niger, irregulariter
longius cinereo-pubescens, thorace transverso, lateribus valde rotundatis, serru-
latis, confertim punctulato, vittis denudatis notato, elytris sat dense punctatis
maculis denudatis pluribus ornatis. Long. *15.

Mannerheim, Bull. Mosc. 1842, 248.

San Jose and San Francisco, very abundant. The description of Mannerheim
is not at all characteristic. The male is narrower than the female ; the inferior
segment of the abdomen is short, and articulates with an anal segment.

11. D. r o t u n d i col 1 i s , elongatns, subcylindricus, aeneo-niger, subirregu-
lariter cinereo-pubescens, thorace rotundato, lateribus serrulatis, elytris dorso
subdepressis, sat dense grossius punctatis, maculis subdenudatis vix conspicuis
notatis. Long. 'll.

San Jose, abundant ; the male has the last ventral segment deeply excavated.

12. D. difficilis, elongatus, subcylindricus, aeneo-niger, irregulariter
cinereo-pubescens, thorace subtransverso, antrorsum angustato, lateribus serru¬
latis valde rotundatis, sat dense punctato, elytris sat dense punctatis, maculis
indistinctis subdenutatis notatis. Long. *11.

San Jose. Very similar to D. canescens, but the thorax is less transverse,
and less thickly punctured ; the spots on the elytra are less distinct ; they form
three transverse bands and a mark at the base. The male has the last ventral
segment small and canaliculate ; it articulates with an anal segment.

13. D. s e n i 1 i s , elongatus, dense cinereo-pubescens, seneo-piceus, thorace
opaco punctulato, subquadrato, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus serrulatis vix
rotundatis, elytris confertim subtilius punctatis. Long. -13.

Fort Laramie, Nebraska Territory.

14. D. obscurellus, subelongatus, niger vix aenescens, subtilissime vix
conspicue cinereo-pubescens, capite thoraceque alutaceis, parce punctatis, hoc
rotundato, serrulato, convexo, elytris thorace latioribus, dorso vix depressis, sat
dense grossius punctatis. Lon. -09.

San Diego, one specimen. Resembles in form D. rotundicollis, but is smaller,
and with the pubescens scarcely visible.

15. D. 1 u t ei p e s , seneus, elongatus, subcylindricus, longe inaequaliter
cinereo-pubescens, thorace non transverso, coDvexo punctato, lateribus serrulatis
rotundatis, antrorsum subangustato, elytris grossius distincte punctatis, dorso
non depressis, maculis subdenudatis atris notatis, antennarum basi pedibusque
rufo-flavis. Long. *1.

One specimen, San Diego.

16. D. pusillus, aeneo-niger, oblongo-elongatus, parcius longe cinereo-
pubescens, thorace opaco, confertissime ruguloso, transverso, lateribus eubser-

1852.]

171

rulatis rotundatis, eljtris dorso convexis sat dense punctatis antennarum basi
pedibusque rufis. Long. *07.

One specimen, San Diego.

17. D. erythropus, niger, vix seneus, oblongo-elongatis, parcius cinereo-
pubescens, thorace opaco, confertissime ruguloso, latitudine fere duplo breviore,
lateribus vix serrulatis rotundatis, elytris dorso subdepressis, subtilius punctatis,
antennarum basi pedibusque rufis. Long. 09

New Mexico ; brought also from the boundary of Mexico, by Col. Graham.
This species is extremely similar to D. pusillus ; the color is however less
bronzed, the elytra are less convex and less coarsely punctured. The male has
the last ventral segment slightly foveate and emarginate ; the anal segment
broad and short.

B.

' 18. D. basal is, oblongo-elongatus, ater vix pubescens, capite thoraceque
opacis valde punctatis, hoc transverso, lateribus subrotundatis marginatis
serratis, elytris cribratim punctatis, valde marginatis, basi maculaque ante
apicem rufis. Long. -13.

Georgia, very rare, I have adopted the name under which this species appears
in Dejean’s Catalogue.

19. D. cribratus, seneo-niger subtilissime parce pubescens, oblongo-
elongatus, capite thoraceque valde punctatis hoc transverso, lateribus subrotun¬
datis marginatis serratis, elytris valde marginatis cribratim punctatis.
Long. *10.

South Carolina and Pennsylvania, Dr. Zimmerman.

I have not been able to identify the two following California species :

D. laticollis Mannerheira, Bull. Mosc. 1843, 247.

D. parvicollis Mannerheim, ibid, 248.

Dr. Fisher offered his resignation as a member of the Committee on
the proposed enlargement of the Hall of the Academy, which was ac¬
cepted, and on motion Dr. Zantzinger was appointed to fill the vacancy.

ELECTIONS.

Dr. Francis V. Greene, Mr. R. E. Griffith, Prof. James C. Booth,
and Dr. Mark W- Collet, all of this city, were elected Members of the
Academy,

And Thomas Antisell, M. D., of New York, M. H. Perlcy, Esq., of
St. Johns, N. B., and the Bight Rev. Alonzo Potter, D. D., of Penn¬
sylvania, were elected Correspondents,

October 6 th.

Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

Dr. Leidy presented a paper from Prof. S. F. Baird and Mr. Charles
Girard, intended for publication in the Proceedings, entitled “ Descrip¬
tions of new species of Reptiles, collected by the U. S. Exploring Ex¬
pedition, Captain Wilkes: Part I., including the species from the West
coast of America.” Referred to Dr. Hallowell, Dr. LeConte and Dr.
Leidy.

27

172

[October,

October 12 th.

Major John Le Conte in the Chair.

Letters were read

From Dr. Martyn Paine, dated New York, Oct. 5th, 1852, present¬
ing the works announced this evening.

From the Librarian of the Manchester (England) Free Library and
Museum, dated Sept. 6, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of copies of
the late “ Notice of the Academy by Dr. Ruschenberger.”

From the Secretary of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society,
dated Sept. 6, containing a similar acknowledgment.

October 19 th.

Major John Le Conte in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Secretary of the Trustees of the New York State Library,
acknowledging the receipt of No. 5, Yol. 6, of the Proceedings.

From the Secretary of the Theological Society, of London, dated
Oct. 17th, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings and
Journal of the Academy.

From the Secretary of the “Naturwissenschaftliche Yerein in Ham¬
burg, ’’ dated May 28th, 1852, transmitting the volumes announced
this evening, and requesting an exchange of publications.

From M. Lacordaire, Secretary of the Societe Royale des Sci. de
Liege,” dated 9th July, 1852, transmitting the memoirs of that Society,
and also requesting an exchange of publications.

From Dr. T. I. Kirkbride, Superintendent of the Pennsylvania Hos¬
pital for the Insane, dated Oct. 15, 1852, requesting the loan or gift
of duplicate objects of Natural History for the Museum of that Insti¬
tution. Referred to the Curators with power to act.

Dr. Ilallowell presented a paper designed for publication in the Pro¬
ceedings, describing some new Reptiles inhabiting North America.
Referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Le Conte and Dr. Woodhouse.

Dr. Hallowell presented a second paper, also for publication, entitled,
“ Descriptions of new species of Reptiles from Oregon Territory.”
Referred to the same Committee.

Mr. Cassin presented a “ Catalogue of the Halcyonidse in the Col¬
lection of the Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,” which being intended for
publication in the Proceedings, was referred to the following Committee :
Dr. Wilson, Dr. Bridges and Dr. Woodhouse.

Mr. Cassin presented another paper intended for publication, de¬
scribing new species of Birds, specimens of which are in the Collec¬
tion of the Acad. Nat. Sci. of Philadelphia. Referred to same Com¬
mittee.

1852.]

173

October 2 6$.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee to which was referred the following papers by Prof.
Baird and Mr. Charles Girard, reported in favor of publication in the
Proceedings :

Characteristics of some new Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Insti¬
tution.

By Spencer F. Baird and Charles Girard.

Third part. Containing the Batrachians in the collection made by J. H.

Clark, Esq., under Col. J. D. Graham, on the United States and Mexican

Boundary.

Amblystoma proserpine, B. and G. Head oval, longer than broad. Limbs
and toes well developed. Posterior legs a little shorter than the anterior ones.
Tail somewhat compressed, tapering; shorter than the body and head together.
Five inches in length from the end of the mouth to the tip of the tail : head one-
eighth of this length. Body nearly cylindrical, more so in the male than in the
female.

This Bpecies is related to A. mavortium , which it resembles in coloring, but
it differs from the latter in having a proportionally longer head, and longer limbs
and toes. The tail, however, is shorter.

Six immature specimens were obtained at Salado, four miles from San Antonio,
Texas. Specimens nearly full grown were collected by R. H. Kern, Esq., of
Philadelphia, on the route from Montgomery, Mexico.

Rana areolata, B. and G. Head very large, sub-elliptical ; snout prominent,
nostrils situated half way between its tips and the anterior rim of the eyes, which
are proportionally large. The tympanum is spherical, and of medium size ; its
central portion is yellowish-white, whilst its periphery is black. The body is
rather short and stout ; the limbs well developed ; the fingers and toes very
long without being slender. The ground color of the body and head is yellowish-
green, marked with dark brown. Besides there are from thirty to fifty brown
areolae, margined with a yellowish line. The upper part of the limbs is of the
same color as the body, but instead of areolae, transverse bands of brown are
seen on the hind ones. The lower part of the head and body is yellowish, with
small dusky spots along the margin of the lower jaw, and under the neck.

A specimen three inches and a half long was found at Indianola, and a small
one on the Rio San Pedro of the Gila.

Bufo punctatus, B. and G. Head short, sub-triangular ; upper surface even.
Two inches in total length. Body and upper portion of the limbs covered with
minute red tubercles. Color of a uniform yellowish-green or yellowish-browD,
punctured with red on the head, on the upper part of the body and limbs. Be¬
neath yellowish, with occasional minute dots under the head and on the breast.
Caught on the Rio San Pedro of the Rio Grande Del Norte.

Bufo granulosus, B. and G. This species i3 closely related to the preceding,
from which it can be distinguished by a larger and more triangular head, whose
upper surface presents a widely open groove, extending from the occiput to the
snout, where it terminates in a very narrow channel. The upper periphery of
the orbits is thus surrounded with a carina which extends from the eyes to the
nostrils below. The body is covered with very conspicuous tubercles. The
limbs are rather slender. The ground color is brown, maculated or marbled
above with black patches and dots. Unicolor beneath.

One specimen was collected on the route between Indianola and San Antonio,
Texas.

174

[October,

Descriptions of new species of Reptiles , collected by the U. S. Exploring Expedi¬
tion under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U. S. N.

First part. — Including the species from the Western coast of America.

By Spencer F. Baird and Charles Girard.

Amblystoma tenebrosum, B. and G. The single specimen of this species
brought home by the Expedition is five inches and a half in length, of which
the tapering and most compressed tail occupies two and a quarter. The head
is subelliptical, and longer than broad. The limbs are proportionally stout; the
third finger is the longest. The color (as preserved in alcohol) is uniformly
chesnut brown, marbled with a much deeper (nearly black) brown.

This species is related to A. macrodactylum, Baird, but differs from it in the
structure of the hind feet, in which the fourth finger is the longest; also in the
vomerine band of teeth, which, in A. macrodactylum form9 a curve convex for¬
wards, on the middle region of the palate, while in A. tenebrosum , the convexity
of the same curve is directed backwards.

From Oregon.

Rana aurora, B. and G. The general aspect of this species differs greatly
from that of all its congeners in North America. The length of the body and
head together is three inches and a half, the head forming nearly one third of
this length. The head itselfis pyramidal, pointed, the nostrils situated midway
between the anterior rim of the eye and the tip of the snout. Eyes of medium
size, anterior limbs short; fingers ratfier long and slender. The body is orange
red, with here and there black irregular patches.

From Puget Sound.

Rana Draytonii, B. and G. This species resembles* very much the preceding
in its external appearance. It differs, however, in having a truncated snout, the
nostrils consequently nearer to its tip than to the eyes. The eyes themselves
and tympanum are proportionally larger than in R. auroray the limbs more de¬
veloped and the tongue much narrower. The ground color is olivaceous green,
maculated with black on the upper region of the body and limbs, whilst under¬
neath the hue is unicolor, except sometimes under the head, breast and hind
legs, where the brown and white mingle in circular dots.

Specimens were collected at San Francisco, California, and on Columbia River
by Mr. Drayton himself, to whom we take pleasure in dedicating this species.

Hyla resilla, B. and G. This is a species of medium size; the largest indi¬
vidual observed measuring one inch and a half from the nose to the posterior
extremity of the body, the head itself occupying about half of this length. The
hind legs are long and slender, the web extending only to half the length of the
longest toe; fingers comparatively long. The general color is green above,
turning to orange yellow along the sides of the bead, abdomen and legs. Two
oblong, brownish black spots exist on the occiput, from which two vittae (one
pair) of the same black color extend along the dorsal region; a similar band
passes from the tip of the nose, across the eye and tympanum, and along the
abdomen, when it is interrupted and forms a series of black and irregular small
spots. In the immature state, green is the prevailing color; a few black spots
being present along the whitish abdomen.

Specimens of this species were collected on Sacramento River, in Oregon and
Puget Souud. Drawings from life were made on the spot by Mr. Drayton.

Bufo boreas, B. and G. Upper surface of head flat, nearly even, the orbits
alone being raised above it. Snout truncated. Parotids of medium size and
oblong. Tympanum comparatively small. Body tuberculous or warty. Hind
feet webbed to nearly the tip of the toes. The color is brownish green above,
dirty white helow, with blackish brown patches spread all over. There is a
dorsal, narrow and yellowish st ripe, extending posteriorly from behind the eyes
along the whole length of the body.

175

1852.]

Specimens were obtained on Columbia River and Puget Sound. The body of
the largest one measures a little over four inches.

Sceloporus gracilis, B. and G. A pretty little species, calling to mind Sc.
graciosus described and figured in Stausbury’s Report on the great Salt Lake of
Utah. It is slenderer, however, and possesses more elongated limbs and tail.
The fingers and toes are likewise very slender. The head is gently conical in
front; the plates which cover its upper surface resemble somewhat those in Sc.
graciosus , although presenting good specific differences as will be shown by the
figures. The scales are proportionally small and slightly carinated ; larger on
the tail. There are from twelve to fourteen distinct femoral pores right and
left.

Above, the color is brown with a lateral and narrow yellowish stripe extend¬
ing on either side from the eye to the tail, and margined by a series of elongated
black dashes. On the sides of the body there is a double series of black cres¬
cents, convex backwards. The inferior part of the body is light and unicolor in
the female, whilst the male is provided on the sides of the abdomen with a deep
blue elongated area.

Inhabits Oregon.

Sceloporus occidentalis, B. and G. This species has the general appearance
and shape of Sc. undulatus , from which we distinguish it by marked differences
in the cephalic plates. The dorsal scales are more strongly carinated and their
posterior point more acute, thus giving to the animal a rougher aspect. The
posterior margin of the scales on the lower surface of the head and sides is on
the other hand much less indented, especially in advance of the hind legs.

Inhabits California, and probably Oregon, although less numerous in the
latter country where it is replaced by Sc. gracilis and the following species.

Sceloporus frontalis, B. and G. The most striking character of this species
consists in the rounded shape of the snout, a feature attracting immediate notice.

The occipital, vertical and frontal plates resemble more those in Sc. undulatus ,
than in Sc. occidentals, but the arrangement of the supraciliaries is more like
that in Sc. occidentalis than iu Sc. undulatus. The scales are slightly carinated ;
hence a general smooth appearance which contrasts somewhat strikingly with
that of Sc. occidentalis. The dorsal scales are nearly of the same size as in Sc.
occidentalis , but at the origin of the tail are sensibly larger. The tail of the
unique specimen before us, is broken off at about an inch from the vent.

Caught in going up Puget Sound.

Elgaria prixcipis, B. and G. Twelve longitudinal rows of smooth abdominal
scales, trapezoidal on the belly. Fourteen similar rows of carinated scales on
the upper part of the body, forming forty-five transversal series from immedi¬
ately behind the meatus to the origin of the tail. On the tail itself the scales are
the largest, smooth underneath and slightly carinated above. The body and
limbs are of slender appearance. The species appears not to attain a very large
size ; the largest individual seen measures about nine inches from the nose to
the tip of the tail.

Of the cephalic plates the vertical one is the most prominent; the shape of
the frontal plates readily distinguishes this species from E. scincicauda.

Color uniform olivaceous brown above and below ; three series (either double
or single) of black spots all along the upper region from the head to the tail.

From Oregon and Puget Sound.

Edgaria Formosa, B. and G. Sixteen longitudinal rows of strongly carinated
scales on the upper part of the body, forming about fifty transversal series from
the meatus to the origin of the tail. Abdominal scales twelve rowed. Tail
very long, conical, and tapering. Color yellowish green, with numerous irregu¬
lar, narrow, transverse bands of brownish black tipped posteriorly with white.

This species resembles Gerrhonotus multicarinatus of Blainville, (. Elgaria
multicarinala) in the slender appearance of its body and limb3; the latter how-

176 [October,

ever assume still more this character in E. multicar inata, the scales of which
are considerably larger than the species here described.

From California.

Elgaria grandis, B. and 6. Fourteen longitudinal rows of carinated scales
on the upper part of the body; the carina on the sides is but slightly apparent.
Fifty transversal series from the meatus to tqe origin of the tail. Tail itself
one and a half times as large as the body, conidal and tapering. Twelve rows
of abdominal scales, subquandrangular in shape. Color olivaceous brown, with
irregular, transverse and narrow bands of brownish black tipped posteriorly
with white.

This species is intimately related to the preceding, from which it differs in the
structure of the fronto-nasal plates and the shape of the scales generally. The
limbs are also shorter.

Inhabits Oregon.

Tropidonotus ordinoides, B. and G. Is distinguished from T. inftrnalis ,
( Coluber infernalis , Bl.), to which it bears the closest resemblance, by a
smaller and more slender head and likewise a smaller eye. There are two an¬
terior orbitals, whilst T. infernalis has but one. The scales constituting the
lateral row on either side of the abdomen are larger and not keeled. The scales
on the upper part of the tail are likewise smooth. The general color is yellow¬
ish green with a dorsal yellow line ; sometimes also there exists a lateral band
of yellowish or whitish yellow, between which and the dorsal line, are two lon¬
gitudinal rows of polymorphic black spots recalling to mind T. ordinatus.

From Puget Sound.

WENONA (Nov. gen.) Head conical, rather small and continuous with the
body. Vertical plate about as broad as it is long ; between it and the rostral
plate are two or three pairs of frontals. Occipitals and supraorbitals rather
small and nearly of equal size. Eyes very small, no loral plate; one anterior
orbital, large ; the post orbitals are not to be distinguished from the temporal
scales. Body cylindrical, covered with small lozenge-shaped and smooth scales.
Abdominal shields narrow, one rowed under the tail behind the vent, as well as
on the abdomen. Tail very short, slightly tapering towards the tip.

This genus is related to Tortrix, and will probably include the T. Bottoe of
Blainville.

Wenona Isabella, B. and G. Vertical plates broader than long. Two pairs
of frontal ones. A small plate between the post-frontal pair and the vertical.
Length about sixteen inches, of which about two belong to the 'tail. Of a uni¬
form deep isabel color, lighter on the belly.

From Puget Sound.

Wenona plumbea, B. and G. Vertical plate broader than long. Three pairs
of frontal plates; the anterior pair extending on the side of the snout in advance
of the nostrils as in the preceding species. The second pair extends likewise
down and occupies the place of the loral, which may sometimes appear as an
independent plate. Lower jaw much shorter than the upper one. A double
row of plates along the upper jaw ; length about eighteen inches. The tail two
and a half inches and slightly tapering. Shield under the tail narrower and
more elongated than in the preceding species. Of a uniform bluish lead color
above, whitish beneath.

From Puget Sound.

Calamaria tenuis, B. and G. General form slender; about eight inches in
length from the tip of the snout to the end of the tail. Head somewhat detached
from the body. Tail short and conical, one inch and a quarter in length. Occi¬
pital plates elongated, elliptical in form ; vertical one subpentagonal. Two pairs
of frontals, an odd and elliptical small plate in advance of the vertical, between
the posterior frontals. Eyes proportionally large. Scales smooth and subellip-
tical in form. Color of a uniform brown, lighter beneath.

From Puget Sound.

177

1852.]

Crotalus lucifer, B. and G. Head subcircular or elliptical, nearly on© inch
and a quarter in length, covered on the vertex with very small and polygonal
scales, elliptical and slightly carinated on the occipital region. One large supra
orbital scutella obliquely striated. Eyes proportionally small, ten large anterior
orbital plates ; the upper one, which is the longest, is polygonal, whilst the lower
one is triangular. The rostral plate is rather small, pointed above, higher than
broad and pentagonal in form. The general color is reddish brown above,
deeper along the dorsal line than on the sides, yellowish beneath. For two-
thirds of the length there exists on the back a series of subcircular white rings
lined internally with a narrow, black line. There are on the sides a series of
irregular blotches which extend to the belly. The posterior third of the body
is alternately semi-annulated above with black and yellow, the yellow, however,
being much narrower than the black.

From Oregon and California.

Emys marmorata, B. and G. The shape of the shell seen from above is regu¬
larly elliptical, slightly concave anteriorly, with a small notch behind. It is
rather depressed and provided with a slight dorsal keel. Ventral shield rounded
in front, openly concave behind. The tail is very slender and tapering. The
posterior nails are stouter than the anterior ones and very much arched. The
color is yellowish brown marbled with black.

The largest specimen under examination measures four inches in length from
the tip of the snout to the end of the tail ; the shell itself being only two inches
and three-eighths in length and a little over two inches in width.

From Puget Sound.

The Committee on Dr. Hallowell’s descriptions of new Reptiles, re¬
ported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Descriptidns of neio Species of Reptiles inhabiting North America .

By Edward Hallowell, M. D.

Tropidonotus rhombifer.

Sp. Char. Head elongated, depressed, slightly swollen at the temples ; a
series of dark colored rhomboid spots upon the back, presenting the form of
triangles, their apices posteriorly and anteriorly touching each other; a row of
dark colored transverse bars upon the sides, uniting with the lateral inferior
extremities of the rhomboid spots upon the back ; a series of dark colored bands
upon the tail ; abdomen and under part of tail more or less maculated ; scuta
very strongly carinated: 25 rows of carinated scales; abdominal scuta 142;
sub-caudal 70.

Dimensions. Length of head 1| inches (Fr.) ; greatest breadth posteriorly
10 lines; length of body 2 ft. ; of tail 6£ inches ; total length 2 ft. 8 inches.

Habitat. Arkansas river and its tributaries, near the northern boundary of
the Creek Nation ; found abundantly on the borders of streams. Dr. Wood-
house observed one with many young on one of the sand banks of the Arkansas
river.

Tropidonotus transversus.

Sp. Char. Head large, swollen at the temples, convex posteriorly, flattened
between the orbits, depressed in front ; a series of subquadrate dark colored
blotches, thirty-six or thirty-seven in number, along the back ; a transverse
row of oblong bars along the sides, their upper margins alternating with the
inferior margins of the dorsal blotches ; scales strongly carinated, 23 rows ;
abdominal scuta 144; sub-caudal 78.

Dimensions. Length of head 12 lines; greatest breadth 7; length of body
1 ft. (Fr.) 5 inches 7 lines ; length of tail 6 inches; total length 2 ft.

Habitat. Creek boundary, found near the banks of the Arkansas and its tri¬
butaries.

178

[October,

Remarks. In Tropidinotus taxis pilotus the bars upon the back are much wider
apart than in the above species, and it has but two posterior ocular plates ; the
arrangement of the temporal plates is also different ; the frontal plate is much
larger, and it has thirty-one rows of scales. Tropidonotus taxis pilotus is remark¬
able for its great size, being perhaps larger than any of our known water serpents ;
transversus is a much smaller animal. The markings upon the back and sides
correspond in some degree with Say’s description of Coluber calligaster, but
the scales in C. calligaster are smooth. The latter animal is most probably the
one well know as Col. eximius.

Phrynosoma planiceps.

Sp. Char. Head more compressed, longer and broader than in P. cornutum ;
nostrils within the supraciliary ridge; upper jaw bordered posteriorly by a row
of pointed spines ; central spine of the crown separated from the two adjacent
spines by a wide interval ; front part of head furrowed in the centre ; scales of
chin of nearly equal size ; abdominal scales smooth or indistinctly carinated ;
tail longer than in cornutum, and less suddenly tapering to a point; ground
color of animal light yellow or ash color ; (brown mingled with yellow in
cornutum.)

Dimensions. Length of head 9 lines ; greatest vertical measurement 7 lines j
breadth posteriorly, including spines, 1 inch 2 lines ; length of body to vent
3 inches ; length of tail 1 inch 7 lines; length of humerus 7 lines ; of fore arm
6J ; of hand to extremity of longest finger, including nail, 7J lines; length of
thigh 9 lines ; of tibia 9 lines ; of foot to extremity of longest toe nail 9£ lines ;
total length 5 inches 4 lines.

Habitat. Western Texas, near the Rio Grande.

SCELOPORUS MARMORATUS.

Sp. Char. Four plates behind the rostral and between the nostrils, the two
first more or less linear ; six plates upon the frontal region ; behind these, five
plates surrounding one which is pentagonal; posterior to these, midway between
the supraciliary ridges, a single large hexagonal plate (intraorbital ;) snout
rather pointed, more narrow than in delicatissimus ; body slender ; scales bi-
punctate posteriorly.

Dimensions. Length of head 6J lines ; greatest breadth 4 lines ; length of
neck and body to vent 1 inch 5 lines ; length of tail 2 inches 10 J lines ; length
of humerus 3 lines ; of fore arm 3 lines ; length of hand to extremity of longest
finger 4 lines ; length of thigh 5 lines ; of tibia 5 lines ; of foot to extremity of
longest toe 7 lines : circumference of body 14 lines ; total length 4 inches 10
lines.

Habitat. San Antonio, Texas.

SCELOPORUS DELICATISSIMUS.

Sp. Char. Four plates behind the rostral and between the nostrils ; the two
first much smaller than the latter; nine plates upon the frontal region, in two
rows (four in front and five posteriorly ;) behind these five plates without the
central pentagonal one above described; snout somewhat obtuse; body more
slender than that of marmoratus ; scales bipunctate posteriorly.

Dimensions. Length of head 6 lines; greatest breadth 4 lines; length of neck
and body to vent 1 inch 5 lines ; length of tail 3 inches 2 lines ; length of hu¬
merus 3 lines ; of fore arm 3 lines ; of hand to extremity of longest finger 4
lines ; of thigh 4 lines ; of tibia 5 lines ; of foot to extremity of longest toe
7£ lines ; total length 5 inches 1 line.

Habitat. San Antonio, Texas.

PSAMMOPHIS FLAVI-GULA.RIS.

Sp, Char. Head long, superior and inferior marginal outline of cranial portion
slightly convex; temples depressed; body robust ; color light brown or fuscous
above ; chin, throat, abdomen, and under part of tail yellow; 17 rows of scales ;
abdominal scuta 130; sub-caudal 97.

179

1852.]

Dimensions of largest specimen. Length of head 1 inch 6£ lines ; greatest
breadth 9 lines ; length of body 3 ft. 5 in. 1 lines ; of tail 9 inches (mutilated;)
greatest circumference 3 inches 2 lines.

Remarks. The animal above described differs from the Psammophis flagelli¬
formis, in being more robust, and in its coloration ; all the specimens brought
by Dr. Woodhouse being of a light brown or olive color above, and of a yellow
straw color beneath. The specimen of flagelliformis in the collection of the
Academy corresponds with the description of Prof. Holbrook, who makes the
following observations in regard to its color ; “ The superior surface of the head
and neck and nearly one half of the body, is raven black, gradually becoming
green on approaching the tail, which is of a very light brown or tawny color ;
the scales on the tail are rendered conspicuous by their dark margins. The
inferior surface of the neck and anterior part of the abdomen is bluish slate
color, the posterior part white clouded with brown ; some parts of the abdomen
white and shining, as well as the inferior surface of the tail. This snake, how¬
ever, varies in color or rather in shade. Bartram has seen them of a cream
color, clay colored, and sometimes almost white, but always raven black near
the head.” The Psammophis flagelliformis appears to be rare, Prof. Holbrook
having seen but one specimen during a seven years’ search ; and Major Le Conte,
who resided a long time in Georgia, informs me that he also has seen but one.
The present species, according to Dr. Woodhouse, is very abundant where he
discovered it — namely, in the sandy region reaching from the frontiers of Texas
to the Creek Territory, and designated by a strip of timber extending across it.
The specimen under consideration appears also to differ from flagelliformis in
the form of the scales, the number of rows of which is the same in both species.
In flagelliformis they are more narrow and elongated, resembling the scales of
Dendrophis ; in flavi-gularis they are broader, and many of them distinctly
hexagonal. The tail is two and a half inches shorter than in flagelliformis,
but the body of flagelliformis is eight inches longer. Scblegel observes that
the serpents belonging to this genus may be considered as holding a middle place
between the terrestrial serpents and those which inhabit trees ; he describes
eight species, none of which belong to the United States. The present species,
however, is known to ascend trees with great agility, reaching their summits
with ease when attacked.

ELGARIA, Gray.

Elgaria marginata.

Sp. Char. — Head and upper part of body and tail olive colored; a few minute
points along the middle line of the back; nine or ten transverse bars of black
along the sides ; the posterior margin bordered with white ; under surface
greenish olive, immaculate.

Dimensions. Length of head 4| lines ; greatest breadth 2 lines ; length of
neck and body to vent 1 inch ; length of tail 1 inch (mutilated :) length of an¬
terior extremities to end of the longest of the five lingers 4J lines ; length of
posterior extremities to end of the longest of the five toe3 lines.

Habitat. New Mexico.

HOMALOSAURUS, Hallowell.

Gen. Char. Head depressed, covered above with polygonal scales ; nostrils
superior; occipital plate distinct; temples not swollen ; marginal plates of the
upper jaw imbricate; upper surface of neck, body, and tail covered with granu¬
lations ; abdomen and under surface of the tail with smooth quadrangular scales ;
external openings to the ears ; throat folded ; femoral pores ; tail but little
longer than the body ; body and entremities slender;

Homalosaurus ventralis.

Sp. Char. Head silvery white, with a tinge of yellow ; body above ash-
colored, thickly maculated with small white spot3 irregularly disposed ; trans¬
verse dark colored bars upon the posterior extremities and base of tail ; abdo-

28

180

[October,

men silvery white, with two longitudinal blue colored blotches having two ob¬
lique bars of black running across them ; two small blue spots upon the under
surface of tail.

Dimensions. — Length of head 7£ lines ; length of neck and body to anus 2
inches 2£ lines; of tail in the specimen examined, which appears to have been
mutilated and restored, 2 inches 3 lines ; body 1 inch 5 lines in circumference ;
length of arm 6 lines ; of fore arm lines ; of hand to extremity of longest
nail 7f lines ; of feet to extremity of longest toe 1 inch 2 lines ; total length of
body 5 inches 1 line.

Habitat. New Mexico.

Remarks. This animal approaches Crotaphytus, Holbrook, but the nostrils
are superior instead of being lateral as in the latter genus. The head of Crota¬
phytus is covered with tubercles, and the occipital plate does not exist, or is
small and ill-defined. The forearm is also shorter and much more robust,
and the longest fingers are of nearly equal length ; in Homalosaurus the
fourth finger is considerably longer than the third. The temples are much
less swollen than in Crotaphytus, which has but a single row of plates along the
border of the lower jaw. The nostrils in Holbrookia are situated as in Homa¬
losaurus ; and the plates along the margin of both the upper and under jaw
have the same configuration and arrangement ; the occipital plate also is
very distinct, which, as well as most of tbe plates upon the upper part of the
head, is smooth ; a considerable number of granulations, however, are observed
above the supraciliary ridge at its anterior and posterior part, chiefly in the
former position ; but in Holbrookia there are no external ears, the ear lying im¬
mediately beneath the skin, which covers it. Both Holbrookia and Crotaphytus
have femoral pores, bat no anal ones, of which also Crotaphytus is destitute.

Crotalus Lecontei.

Sp. Char. Head quadrangular, broader behind than in front, much flattened
above ; a few small plates in front ; the rest of the upper surface of the head,
except over the orbit, covered with scales ; a series of about thirty subquad¬
rate brownish blotches along the back, and ten or twelve transverse bands of
the same color ; brownish bands upon the tail ; subquadrate blotches along the
back, margined with light yellow ; ground color light yellow or straw-color ;
scales strongly carinated ; abdominal scuta 174 ; sub-caudal 27.

Dimensions. Length of head 14 lines ; greatest breadth 11 lines; length of
body 2 ft. 9 in. 9 lines ; length of tail, exclusive of rattles, 2 inches 6 lines ;
length 2 ft. 6 inches 5 lines.

Habitat. Cross Timbers.

Remarks. My friend Dr. Le Conte informs me that he found near the
Colorado, about seven hundred miles from the last mentioned locality, a species
of Crotalus which was very abundant in that region, over four feet in length,
and which appears to be the same as the one above described. He took the
following notes of it upon the spot: “ Crotalus — cinereous ; black with a series
of subrhomboidal spots margined with dark brown, and exterior to this a line
of white scales ; sides with a few darker cinereous spots; beneath pale ochra-
ceous ; neck and under part of head white ; tail white, with four black rings,*
becoming irregular beneath. Length 4£ feet ; greatest circumference 5J inches ;
185 transverse scales beneath the body, 28 caudal ; fourteen scales in the ob¬
lique rows from spine to side in middle and on neck ; nine posteriorly and on
tail. Colorado, March, 1851.” The dorsal spots become indistinct behind.
Sandy deserts.

* In a young specimen brought by Dr. Woodhouse these four black rings are
very distinct.

1852.]

181

PITYOPHIS * Holbrook.

PlTYOPHIS AFFINIS.

Sp. Char. Scales much larger upon the sides than upon the back, where they
are comparatively small ; a series of brownish or black subquadrate blotches
upon the back ; a row of much smaller blotches on eyh side ; transverse bands
of jet black upon the tail ; tail short; abdomen and tail thickly maculated with
black ; thirty-one rows of carinated scales ; abdominal scuta 221 ; sub-caudal 64.

Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch 2 lines ; greatest breadth 8 lines ; length
of body 2 ft. 5 inches ; of tail 5 inches 5 lines ; greatest circumference 2 inches
2J lines.

Another specimen was received of the same species as the above, but which
presents a remarkable deviation in the form and arrangement of the plates upon
the head, which is no doubt abnormal. Thus there are seven plates upon the
head, instead of six, as in Pityophis; these are arranged in three rows two
plates in the front, two in the middle and three in the posterior ; on each side
of the middle row is a small quadrangular plate lying immediately above the
loral, constituting as it were a superior loral ; there is but one large ant-orbitar
and four posterior orbitar on the right side, and three on the left; there are
nine superior labials; abdominal scuta 227 ; sub-caudal 71.

Habitat. New Mexico.

LEPTOPHIS T/ENITA.

Sp. Char. Head much flattened, olive colored with yellow markings ; ground
color of body above olive, with two lateral longitudinal yellowish vittae, extend¬
ing from the occiput to the tail, each middle scale marked with a longitudinal
line of black ; two lines of black on each side, passing through the middle of
two inferior rows of scales from the occiput to a short distance beyond the tail ;
abdomen immaculate, except toward the neck, where there are a number of
small black spots; abdominal scuta 199; sub-caudal 130; 14 rows of longitu¬
dinal smooth scales.

Dimensions. Length of head 9J lines; greatest breadth 5 lines; length of
body 1 ft. 7 in. 5 lines ; of tail 9 inches ; circumference 1 inch 1 line ; total
length 2 ft. 5 inches lines ; abdominal scuta 199 ; sub-caudal 140.

Habitat. New Mexico.

Bufo dorsalis.

Sp. Char. Above dark brown, with numerous irregular lines of yellow ; a
vertical line of yellow continuous with one which is less distinct upon the head ;
transverse blotches of black upon the thighs and fore arms ; under surface of
the animal ochraceous.

Dimensions. Length of head 8 lines ; greatest breadth 9 lines ; length of head
and body 3 inches ; length of arm 8£ lines ; of fore arm 7 lines; of hand to ex¬
tremity of longest finger 10 lines; of leg 14 lines; of tarsus 9 lines; of foot
1 inch four lines to extremity of longest toe.

Habitat. New Mexico.

Remarks. This animal differs widely from the Bufo cognatus and Americanus,
but resembles the lentiginosus, which Prof. Holbrook observes is found, without
doubt, all along the shores of the Gulf of Mexico. It differs from it, however,
in the elevation of the ridges upon the head, which in lentiginosus are highly
developed, giving to the upper part of the head a canaliculated appearance, a
condition that does not exist in this species.

The reptiles above described were collected by my friend Dr. Woodhouse,
who was attached to the expedition under command of Capt. L. Sitgreaves,
of the corps of Topographical Engineers, for the purpose of exploring the

*The genus Pityophis is characterized by its projecting snout and the pre¬
sence of four posterior frontal plates in a transverse row, instead of two, as in
the ordinary Colubers and Tropidonotes. These characters, with its peculiar
physiognomy, cause it to be readily recognised by one familiar with our reptiles.

182

[October,

rivers Zuni and Great and Little Colorado of the West. Too much praise
could not be awarded to Dr. Woodhouse, for the zeal and intelligent industry
he has manifested in the performance of his arduous duties as physician and
naturalist to the Expedition.

When the reptiles brought from Oregon and California by Mr. Townsend, and
those of the Exploring Expedition, shall have been carefully studied, much
Will have been done toward the attainment of a knowledge of the geographical
distribution of our reptiles, to which the admirable work of Prof. Holbrook has
so greatly contributed. To him we owe nearly all the knowledge we possess
with certainty of North American Herpetology, having brought into order and
system what was before uncertain and confused, and in clear and classical
language determined their characters with precision ; thus greatly facilitating
the labors of all future inquirers.

ANOTA, Hallowell.

Gen. Char. Head small, covered above with polygonal plates ; a row of pointed
spines posteriorly ; nostrils within the supraciliary ridge : supraciliary ridge
but slightly developed, terminating posteriorly in a small pointed spine ; chin
covered with smooth granulations of unequal size ; a row of pointed scales on
each side; two gular folds; no external openings for the ears; extremities
slender; upper surface of body smooth, the numerous pointed species of the
ordinary Phrynosomas not existing; no fringe along the lateral margins of the
abdomen ; body compressed, oval, tail nearly as long as the body ; femoral
pores very distinct.

Anota M’Callii.

Sp. Char. Margin of upper jaw denticulated posteriorly; the two posterior
of the rows of spines along the margin of the under jaw small ; the two anterior
to these quite large; the two middle spines of thie row upon the occiput much
longer than the rest, and incurvated; intermediate spine very small; body light
ash color above, with a narrow dorsal line of black extending from the occiput
to the root of the tail; two oblong dark colored blotches upon each side of the
neck ; two rows on each side of the dorsal line, of dark colored subcircular
spots, two in a row, the external larger than the internal ; ground color of upper
surface of tail and extremities same as that of the upper surface of the body;
under surface of body and extremities silvery white, immaculate ; twenty dis¬
tinct femoral pores on each side.

Dimensions. Length of head 7 lines; greatest breadth, exclusive of spines,
8 lines ; length of longest spine 5^ lines; of the next to it 2£; length of arm
7 lines; of fore arm 5 lines; of hand, to extremity of longest finger, 6 lines ;
length of thigh 7 lines ; of tibia 7 lines ; of foot to extremity of longest toe,
7£ lines; length of neck and body to vent 2 inches 4£ lines ; length of tail 1
inch 8£ lines ; total length 4 inches 5 lines.

Habitat. Great Desert of the Colorado, between Yallicita and Camp Yuma,
about 160 miles east of San Diego.

Remarks. The animal above described is a Phrynosoma, the ears of which
are concealed by the integument. It was caught by Col. George A. M’Call, of
the United States Army, during a recent journey through California and Oregon,
and presented by him to the Academy, with two young specimens of Phrynoso¬
ma coronatum. The great length of its middle posterior spines, its contracted
neck and singularly shaped body and tail, give to it a very odd appearance,
differing remarkably from that of any of the known Phrynosomata.

Descriptions of New Species of Reptiles from Oregon.

By Edward Hallowell, M. D.

Tropidonotus concinnus.

Sp. Char. Head slightly swollen at the temples, depressed ; canthus rostra-
lis grooved ; a longitudinal yellow line running along the median line of the
hack, including one entire row and one half of each of the adjoining rows of

1852.]

188

scales; about sixty oblong transverse golden colored spots on each side ; ground
color raven black. Abdominal scuta 156 ; sub-caudal 78.

Description. The head is of moderate size, depressed above ; the temples
are somewhat swollen; the plates upon the upper part of the head, nine
in number, do not differ materially from the plates of the Tropidonoti in gene¬
ral ; the canthus rostralis, or that portion of the side of the head situated between
the eye and the extremity of the snout, is distinctly, but not so deeply grooved
as in Psammophis ; the nostril is situated between two nasal plates, the anterior
larger than the posterior ; there is a small quadrilateral frenal plate ; there is
one ant-ocular, and three posterior oculars ; a very small part of the ant-ocular
plate is seen upon the surface of thehead ; the eye is of moderate size, projecting;
there is a large temporal plate immediately behind the oculars, and posterior to
it are four others ; seven plates margin the upper jaw, of which the fifth and
the sixth are the largest ; neck contracted ; body of moderate length, thicker
in the middle ; tail about one-fourth the length of the body. There are seven¬
teen rows of carinated scales.

Color. Head light chesnut above, deeper in front ; margin of upper jaw,
for two thirds of its extent, light olive ; ground color of the body and tail above
and upon the sides, raven black ; a yellow band, including one row and the
half of each adjoining row of scales, extends from the occiput to the tail,
along the middle line of the back ; it is continued upon the tail, but there
becomes more narrow ; upon each side of the body, just above the inferior row
of scales, is a row of about sixty transverse oblong golden colored spots ; one
and sometimes two of the intermediate scales is perfectly black ; the spots
themselves cover about three rows of scales. Abdominal scuta 156 ; sub-cau¬
dal 78.

Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch ; greatest breadth 6 lines: length of body
2 ft. 3 inches length of tail 5 inches 10 lines; greatest circumference 2 inches
five lines ; total length 2 ft. 9 inches 10 lines.

Habitat. Oregon Territory. A specimen in the Museum of the Academy, pre¬
sented by Dr. Shumard. The most beautiful of the North American serpents
hitherto discovered.

Hyla scapularis.

Sp. Char. Head small ; body small and slender, olive green above, with nu¬
merous irregular bluish blotches ; a bluish vitta running from the eye over the
shoulder ; total length one and a half inches (Fr.)

Description. The head is short and small, depressed ; the snout some¬
what rounded ; the nostrils are small and circular, looking upward and out¬
ward, about a line apart, situated immediately below the ridge running from
the extremity of the snout to the anterior canthus of the eye ; they are nearer
the extremity of the snout than the eye ; mouth quite large ; the tongue is
heart-shaped, quite free behind, notched upon its posterior border; there are
two series of palatine teeth between the nostrils, and separated from each other
by a narrow intermediate space; the eyes are round and project considerably;
the tympanum is small and circular; the body is flattened, rather slender, much
contracted posteriorly ; extremities slender ; the upper surface of the body and
extremities present numerous small granulations ; abdomen and under surface
of extremities much granulated ; the granulations upon the abdomen vary in
size, and are closely in juxtaposition ; chin and throat granulated.

Color. Ground color above greenish olive, presenting numerous irregular
bluish blotches upon the surface ; several deeper colored blotches upon the
sides ; a bluish vitta, about two-thirds of a line in breadth, extends from the
posterior part of the eye along the sides of the neck over the shoulder, a short
distance beyond which it terminates ; upper surface of extremities marked
with bluish spots.

Dimensions. Length of head 5 lines ; greatest breadth 5 lines ; length of body
1 inch ; length of humerus 4 lines ; of fore arm lines ; of hand to extremity
of longest finger 5 lines ; length of thigh 7 lines ; of leg 8 lines ; of foot to ex¬
tremity of longest toe 7| lines ; total length 1 inch 5 lines.

Habitat. Oregon Territory. Presented to the Academy by Dr. Shumard.

184 [October,

The Committee on the following paper by Mr. Cassin, reported in
favor of publication in the Proceedings :

Descriptions of new species of Birds, specimens of which are in the collec¬
tion of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

By John Cassin.

1. Ammodromus ruficeps , nobis.

Form. Rather slender ; wings short, with the third, fourth and fifth quills
nearly equal and longest ; tail rather long, with the feathers narrow ; legs long.

Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail about 5|
inches, wing 2\, tail 2f inches.

Colors. A conspicuous black line on each side of the throat from the base of
the lower mandible. Head above bright reddish chestnut which is also the pre¬
vailing color of the back, but with the feathers of the latter broadly edged with
ashy. Rump and upper tail coverts ash-gray, tinged with the chestnut color of
the back.

Spot on the nares white, running into an ashy superciliary line, ear coverts
and below ashy, succeeded by a white line from the lower mandible, which is
again succeeded by the black line from its base.

Throat white tinged with dull brownish ashy, running into deeper shades of
the same colors on the other inferior parts, deepest on the breast and with yel¬
lowish on the flanks and under tail coverts. Wings edged with pale yellow at
the flexure, wing coverts and quills fuscous edged with cinereous and reddish.
Tail fuscous, tinged and edged with reddish, the two middle feathers reddish
brown.

Bill and tarsi light colored.

jS Tab. Calaveras river, California, discovered by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

Obs. Four specimens of this bird were brought by Dr. Heermann in the fine
collection made by him in California. It does not resemble any other species
sufficiently to render necessary any designation of comparative characters,
and may be easily recognized by its distinct narrow lines of black on the
sides of the neck, running from the base of the lower mandible.

2. Emberiza rostrata , nobis.

Form. Short and rather heavy, somewhat resembling Peuccea Bachmanii
(Aud.) but with the bill and wings longer, the tail shorter, and hardly of the
same genus. Somewhat resembles and is generically allied to Emberiza Bairdii ,
(Aud.), and is about the same size, but has the bill much longer, the tarsi and
feet stouter, and the claws stronger and much less curved. Bill lengthened and
strong. Wings, with the first, second and third quills longest and nearly equal.
Tail rather short, emarginate.

Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail about 5£
inohes, wing 2$, tail 2 inches.

Colors. Entire plumage above dull brownish and cinereous, every feather
longitudinally marked with the former and tipped and edged with the latter,
the brown stripes being most strongly marked on the head and back. Nar¬
row, superciliary lines nearly uniting in front. Threat and entire under parts,
white, with longitudinal stripes and arrow heads of brown on the breast and
flanks ; these stripes forming two lines on each side from the lower mandible
and enclosing a stripe of white. Abdomen and under tail coverts dull white.

Wings and tail brown, edged with paler shades of the same color, nearly white
on the outer webs of the external tail feathers, deeper and tinged with rufous on
the wing coverts and exposed edges of the secondaries. Bill and feet light
colored, the former brownish above, (in skin.)

JIab. Sea shore at San Diego, California, discovered by A. L. Heermann,
M. D.

Obs. A plain plumaged bird, of which there are several specimens in Dr.
Heermann’s collection. It is unlike any other finch that I have ever seeD, and

1852.]

185

may be recognized by its lengthened and strong bill, which is even stronger than
that of Peuccea Bachmanii. In the general character of its form it approaches
E. Bairdii , but is colored differently, is more robust and has the bill much larger.

3. Spermestes nigriceps , nobis.

Form. Small, with the bill rather large ; wing with the second quill slightly
longest ; tail short, but wide and with the feathers broad.

Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail about 31
inches, wing If, tail inches.

Colors. 5 • Head entirely black, which color is extended to the breast and
sides of the body, on the latter (the sides) the black plumage is tipped with
white. Middle of the abdominal region and under tail coverts white.

Back and wing coverts bright reddish chestnut, primary quills black with
regularly disposed minute spots of white on their outer webs, exposed portion
of secondaries reddish chestnut, rump black with minute white spots, tail black.

Bill and feet light colored (in skin.)

% , or $ juv. Entire plumage above brownish tinged with chestnut on the
back, below soiled yellowish or pale whitish brown, with a few black feathers
on the throat ; primaries black edged with white ; tail brownish black.

Hab. Zanzibar.

Obs. Three specimens of this pretty species belong to the Rivoli collection,
and are marked as from Zanzibar. It is similar to no other species of Spermestes
with which I am acquainted, but is marked with white spots on the wings like
S. poensis , (Frazer).

4. Spermestes fuscans, nobis.

Form. Small but robust, and with the bill very strong, wing with the first,
second and third quills nearly equal, tail rather long, with the central feathers
longest.

Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail about 3f inches,
wing 2, tail 2 inches.

Colors. Entire plumage dark chocolate brown, deeper on the throat and around
the base of the bill. Inner webs of quills paler and nearly white. Bill horn
color. ,

Hab. Borneo.

Obs. I have not succeeded in finding a description of this little bird, though
specimens in the collection of the Academy have been labelled in Europe, “ F.
nigerrima ,” and others “ F. aterrima .” It is not nearly related to any species
known to me, and may be distinguished from all others by its plain uniform
plumage.

5. Ephialtes elegans , nobis.

Form. A typical species, bill rather small, wings with the third and fourth
quills longest and nearly equal, tail rather short.

Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail about 8} to 9
inches, wing 6f, tail 3J inches.

Colors. Feathers of the ear tufts bright yellowish rufous, every feather mark¬
ed longitudinally and with irregular transverse bands, and minute points of black,
which color is almost confined to the outer webs. Face whitish, every feather
with irregular lines and points of brown.

Entire plumage above pale umber brown, every feather with an obscure longi¬
tudinal stripe of brownish black and with very numerous irregular narrow lines
and points of the same color. Plumage of the neck behind with white spots ob¬
scurely indicating a collar.

Inferior surface of the body handsomely mottled with white, light fulvous and
brownish black ; the former being the ground color and every feather longitudi¬
nally striped, and with numerous narrow transverse lines and points of the latter,
these stripes most strongly marked on the breast, and least distinct on the
abdomen and inferior tail-coverts. Flanks light fulvous ; tarsi reddish, with ir¬
regular lines and spots of brown. Wings and tail umber brown, the former with

186 [October,

square spots of reddish -white on their outer webs, and the latter with numerous
irregular lines, and narrow bands of reddish and brown.

Hab. Northern Asia, Japan ? “ En Mer, cotes du Japon, lat. 29° 41?' N. long.
126° 13' 30" E.”

Obs. This is one of the handsomest of the small species of owls, and bears some
resemblance, rather remote, however, and on a small scale, to the large Horned
Owls. It is somewhat like E. semitorques , (Temm.) but wants the white on the
throat and breast, and is smaller and differently colored, and has the toes bare.
It resembles also to some extent both L. lettia, (Hodg.) and E. lempiji , (Horsf.,)
but is larger than either, and otherwise different. The brown stripes and lines
on all parts of the plumage are unusually delicate.

Two specimens are in the collection of the Academy, the more adult of which
was obtained by Dr. Wilson from Mr. J. P. Yerreaux, of Paris, by whom it was
designated as probably an undescribed species. It bears a label indicating the
locality as above.

6. Ephialtes Hendersonii , nobis.

Form. Resembling E. capensis (Smith) and E. senegalensis ( Sw.) but smaller
than either, and has the bill shorter and weaker ; wing with the third quill
longest, but only slightly exceeding the fourth : tail short.

Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail inches,
wing 5, tail inches.

Colors. Generally very similar to those of E. capensis (Smith) and E. sene -
galensis (Sw.), but darker and with the fine lines and points of brown through¬
out the plumage much more numerous and distinct. Entire plumage above
cinereous, mixed on the neck, back and rump with bright fulvous, every feather
longitudinally striped and with numerous very irregular transverse lines and
points of brownish black most distinct on the head and back. Frontal feathers
nearly white, tufts and face very pale cinereous, striped longitudinally, and
minutely lined with dark brown. Plumage below variegated with white and
brown, with a tinge of fulvous, every feather having stripes and minute lines
and points, as on the back, but less numerous, with the white predominating
and nearly pure on the lower abdomen and under tail coverts.

Quills brown with quadrangular spots of white on the outer webs. Tail pale
cinereous with irregular transverse bars of brown and exhibiting a different
style of coloring from either of the species above mentioned. Tarsi nearly
white, obscurely spotted with brown.

Sexes similar.

Hab. Angola. “ Came on board U. S. brig Perry off Novo Redondo.” — Dr.
Henderson's label.

Obs. It is not without some feeling of reluctance that I add another to the
several nearly allied and little understood species resembling E. scops, (Linn.)
Of these there are several which are clearly distinct and well marked, and the
bird at present described is one of this character. My reluctance has arisen
from the knowledge, that from the descriptions heretofore published, it is quite
impossible for naturalists to identify them, or to ascertain in what manner one
differs from another ; and nothing short of actually examining the original spe¬
cimens in European collections, which was done by Dr. Wilson in 1851, can
afford the necessary information. From his notes and from specimens which he
procured during his visit to Europe, and from others previously in the collection
of the Academy, I have the gratification of entirely coinciding with him in the
opinion that the following are distinct, but some of them nearly related species ;
Ephialtes scops , (Linn.) from which E. pennata, (Hodg.) cannot be distinguished;
E. capensis, (Smith,) E. scncgalensis , (Sw.,) E. sunia , (Hodg.,) of which I am
acquainted with both young and adult, and E. Hendersonii , Cassin : and of ano¬
ther group also resembling E. scops to some extent, the following appear to be
different : E. lempiji (Horsf.) which is J. noctula , Temm., E. javanicus (Less.)
E. lettia (Hodg.,) E. spilocephalus (Blyth,) and E. mantis (Temm.,) which is
S. rufescens, (Horsf.) Of all these species, specimens and mostly suites are
now in the collection of this Academy, and I hope to give, at an early day, the

1852.]

187

result of an attempt to arrange them, and to reconcile their synoBymes, in a
second edition of my catalogue of Strigidice in our collection.

Of the interesting little bird at present described, two specimens, male and
female, are in a collection made principally on the coasts of Angola and Ben-
guela, during a recent voyage of the U. S. brig Perry, and presented to the
Academy by A. A. Henderson, M. D., Surgeon U. S. Navv, who was attached
to that vessel as a medical officer. I have taken the liberty of dedicating it to
Dr. Henderson as a slight testimonial to his profound and varied scientific ac¬
quirements, and as a memento of our long-continued and pleasant friendship.

7. Larus Heermanni , nobis.

Form. Bill rather long and slender, wings very long, extending beyond the
tail, first primary slightly longest ; tail truncate or slightly emarginate.

Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail about 17£
inches, wing 13£, tail 5£, bill from the aDgle of the mouth to the tip inches.

Colors. Bill red, both mandibles tipped with black ; feet and legs dark ; head
white, which color gradually fades into an ashy lead color, enveloping the entire
body above and below ; darker above and on the wings, and paler beneath.
Secondaries tipped with white, which forms an oblique bar of white on the wing.

Superior coverts of the tail pale cinereous, nearly white. Quills and tail
brownish black, the latter tipped with white. Shafts of the two first primaries
white on the inferior surface of the wing.

Young. Rather smaller, total length about 16 inches, wing 13, tail 5, bill
from the angle of the mouth 2 inches. Entire plumage brown, dark on the
head and paler on the under surface of the body, quills and tail feathers brownish
black, the latter narrowly edged at the tip with white.

Dab. Coast of California at San Diego, discovered by A. L. Heermann, M.D.

06s. This beautiful gull appears to belong to a group of species comprising
Larus Belcheri, Vigors, L. erythrorynchus, Gould, and others, all of which in¬
habit the shores of the Pacific ocean. It is most nearly related to L. Belcheri,
but is not so large, and has the head pure white, which is not the case in that
species. In the description of the latter (in Zool. Jour. iv. p. 328,) the rump
is described as white ; in the present bird the rump i3 dark ashy, but the su¬
perior coverts of the tail nearly white, and in the young bird they are dark
brown.

I have dedicated this handsome species to my friend Dr. Heermann, as a token
of acknowledgment due to his accomplishment as a naturalist, and his great
perseverance and success as a scientific traveller.

8. Mergus americanus, nobis. WilsoQ’s Am. Orn. viii. pi. 68. Aud. B. of Am.

pi. 331.

Obs. I propose this name for the common bird which has hitherto been re¬
garded as identical with the European species well known as Mergus mergan¬
ser, Linn. It is, however, specifically quite distinct. In the American bird the
prolonged feathers of the head are almost restricted to the occiput and neck be¬
hind, but in that of Europe they commence almost at the base of the bill, and
are erectile and crest-like. On the large wing coverts in the American species
there is always an exposed and conspicuous bar of black, which, in the Euro¬
pean species, is entirely concealed by the lesser coverts. This character is suffi¬
cient for the purpose of the practical recognition of the two species in all the
specimens that I have ever examined, and may be observed on comparing any
plates of the two species that I have seen, but especially Wilson Am. Orn. viii.
pi. 68 ; Aud. B. of Am. pi. 331 ; Selby, Ill. pi. 57 ; Gould B. of Eur. v. pi. 39 ;
and Korner Skandinaviska Foglar pi. 57.

9. Anser joarvipes , nobis.

Form. Generally resembling A. canadensis , Linn., but not so large, and with
the bill and feet much smaller, the latter being not much more than half the
size of that species. Upper mandible not so strongly serrated on its edges,
tarsi slender, tail rather fully developed. Possibly a Bernicla.

29

188 [October,

Dimension*. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail about 28
inches, wing 15, tail 6 inches.

Colors. Much like those of Anser canadensis , Bemicla Hutchitisii and B. leu -
copariea. Large space on the throat and sides of the head white, head above
and neck black, back and wings ashy brown, with the feathers having paler tips
and edges, rump and tail black, upper tail coverts white; plumage beneath ashy
white, with a silky yellowish tinge, and many feathers having darker subtermi¬
nal stripes ; ventral region and under tails coverts white.

Hab. Vera Cruz, Mexico.

Obs. One specimen of this singular bird has been several years in the collec¬
tion of the Academy, having been presented by its eminent member Marma-
duke Burrough, M. D., and collected by him during his residence at Vera Cruz.
It resembles the common Anser canadensis in general appearance, but may at
once be distinguished by the smaller size of the tarsi and feet, as well as its
comparatively small and weaker bill. It is much larger than either Bemicla
Hufchinsii or Bemicla leucopariea both of which are in the collection of the
Academy.

The Committee to which was referred Mr. Cassin's u Catalogue of the
Halcyonidae in the collection of the Academy/' reported in favor of
publication. ( go331 See end of the present No.)

ELECTION.

Dr. Dinwiddie B. Phillips, U. S. Navy, was elected a Member of the
Academy.

1852.]

189

November 2 d) 1852.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Asiatic Society of Bengal, dated July 9th, 1852, acknow¬
ledging the receipt of the Journal of the Academy, vol. 2, part 2, and
of the Proceedings vol, 6, part 1.

From the Chief Commissioners of H. M. Works and Public Buildings,
dated London, Sept. 15, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of copies of the
u Notice of the Academy by Dr. Ruschenberger,” which have been de¬
posited in the Museum of Practical Geology.

From M. Haidinger, dated Vienna, 20th April, 1852, transmitting
the volumes acknowledged this evening.

From the Academy of Sciences of Vienna, dated October 3d, 1852,
transmitting its works announced this evening.

November 9th.

Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Librarian of the British Museum, dated
London, 21st Oct., 1852, acknowledging the receipt of recent Nos. of the
Academy's Proceedings, &c.

Dr. Owen, in presenting to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
a copy of the Geological Map of Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota, just published,
made the following remarks : —

The region of country embraced in this geological map extends from latitude
38° to 49°, and from longitude 89° 30' to 96° 30'. It has a length, from north
to south, of 750 miles, and its greatest width 270 miles, the area being 200,000
square miles. Embracing the Mississippi river and all its tributaries, from its
source to its junction with the Missouri ; the Missouri river, as high as Council
Bluff ; the Red river of the north, from its source to the northern boundary of
the United States ; together with the northern and southern shores of Lake
Superior, from Fond du Lac north to the British dominions, and east to the
Michigan line.

All the calcareous rocks are represented on this map by tints of blue ; the
pure calcareous rocks being of pure blue tints, while the magnesio-calcareous
or dolomitic rocks are of shades of purple blue; the sandstones, of yellow; the
coal measures, of sepia; the metamorpbic schists, of purple; the metamor¬
phosed rocks, of Silurian date, of orange; while all the igneous rocks are of
bright red colors.

A very large tract of the northern regions of this district, being more than
one half of the country, is overspread with extensive drift deposites, penetrated
only at a few limited and distant points, (these chiefly in the deep cuts of the
streams,) by igneous rocks and metamorphic schists ; except along the height
of land dividing the waters of Lake Superior and the Mississippi ; on the north
west shore of Lake Superior and the region bordering on the British dominions,
where the exposure of granite, gneiss, and metamorphic schists and trappose
rock3, are rather more extensive.

The drift consists of deposites of sand, gravel clays of great thickness, of
marls, and, locally, of erratic blocks. The summit levels of this region are
from 500 to 1100 feet and more above Lake Superior.

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OP PHILADELPHIA. — VOL. VI. NO. VI.

30

190

[November,

A considerable portion of the southern and eastern part of this drift is
based on the lowest protozoic sandstones of lower Silurian date; which forma¬
tion is best explored in a semicircular belt east of the Mississippi and up the
Valley of the Wisconsin as high as Point Boss ; and bearing northeast to the
Michigan boundary line.

These lower Protozoic Sandstones have proved themselves far more fossili-
ferous than the corresponding strata in the State of New York — the Potsdam
sandstone ; having yielded, besides the two small Lingulas, L. antiqua and prima ,
of New York, four new genera of trilobites and at least nine or ten new species ;
which is the more remarkable since no remains of crustaceans had previously
been found lower than the Trenton, Black river and Chazy limestones.

In the ascending order succeeds the Lower Magnesian Limestone, reaching
the surface to the southwest of the Protozoic sandstones; characterized chiefly
by gasteropodous mollusca, allied to Pleurotomaria , Ophileta and Strappa -
rolus. They are represented by the deeper purple blue tints, and correspond in
age to the calciferous sandrock of New York.

With the intervention of non-fossiliferous sandstones, from forty to eighty
feet in thickness, often composed of limpid grains of quartz, there is superim¬
posed on this formation, beds of shell-limestone of the age of the Trenton and
Black river limestone of New York, and the blue limestones of Ohio and In¬
diana, containing Lcptcena alternata , sericea , deltoidea, Orthis testudenarca ,
occidentalism subcequata , Atrypa capax , modcsta , Isotelus gig as, Calymena
senaria , besides a great variety of other fossils found in the corresponding
strata in Ohio, Indiana and New York, besides many new species. Though
somewhat magnesian, these beds are the purest limestone of Silurian date iu
the district.

Next succeeds, on the south, the lead-bearing beds of the upper magnesian
limestone, colored Prussian blue, and containing Spirifer lynx , biforatus , Lin¬
gula quidrata and a few other fossils of the Trenton limestone, Utica slate and
Hudson river group. This formation is represented of a lighter shade of purple
blue. This part of the Upper Magnesian Limestone of Wisconsin has yielded
latterly upwards of 50,000,000 of pounds of lead annually, and is about three
hundred feet thick.

The upper 200 feet of upper magnesian limestone of Wisconsin, form what
we have designated the Coralline and Pentamerus beds, from the abundance of
Catenepora esckaroides and Pentamerus oblongus , formed towards the top of this
formation, which corresponds to the Niagara and Clinton groups of New York.

To the southwest of this, crossing the Mississippi, near its upper or Rock-
island rapids, is a very pure calcareous formation, containing Atrypa reticularis ,
aspera , Orthis resupinata , Phocops macropthalma , and a variety of Spirifers,
most of which are new species, allied to those of the Hamilton and Corniferous
groups of New York, with extended hinge, and often with wide cardinal areas,
and mostly smooth on the bourrelet or mesial fold. Also many of the corals
found in the Onondaga limestone of New York and the limestones of the Eifel
in Germany.

Much of the limestone of this formation has a close texture, smooth surface
and conchoidal fracture, approaching to lithographic limestones.

The valley of the Mississippi, below Muscatine, is occupied by a zone of
carboniferous limestone, which we divide into the upper and lower series, the
former characterized by Lithostrotion basaltiforme , several species of Produc-
tus, the Spirifer s and Terebralulce ; the latter by the Archimedes, a great variety
of Pentramites and Crinoidea, Productus punctatus , Spirifer cuspida'us, Spirifer
striatus , and remains of Psammodus and other fossil fishes ; besides a variety
of other species of organic remains. These beds of limestones encircle the
Iowa and Missouri coal-field, and separate it from the Illinois coal-field, with
which it may have been once in connection, before the denudation of the Mis¬
sissippi Valley; but they are now separated by a belt of from 25 to 50 miles
of this subcarboniferous limestone, now encroached upon only by a few outliers
of the coal measures near the Keokuk rapids of the Mississippi.

The Iowa and Missouri coal-field, now for the first time laid down on a geo-

191

1852.]

logical map, comprises in all about 50,000 square miles, nearly one half of
which lies in Iowa, and the other half in Missouri. From north to south this
coal-field is about 300 miles, and from east to west about 200.

This coal-field is shallow, hardly exceeding fifty fathoms, and the coal-bear¬
ing strata proper hardly 100 feet, It seems to be the attenuated part of the
great coal-field east of the Mississippi. It contains from four to six workable
beds of coal, which, in Iowa, vary from two to five or five and a half feet.
Towards the southern margin of this coal-field, in Missouri, there are beds of
great thickness — 20 feet or more — of a character intermediate between cannel
coal and asphaltum.

The coal of this coal-field is all highly bituminous and most slaty in its struc¬
ture ; very frequently presenting the woody fibre on the surface of the natural
joints as distinctly displayed as on charcoal.

On the extreme south of this map will be observed, close to the southern
margin of this coal-field, an uplift of magnesian limestone and sandstone of
lower Silurian date, bordering on the lead region of Missouri, and to be found on
both sides of the Missouri river, between Tavern Rock and Marion ; here the
carboniferous and lower Silurian rocks, are in close proximity and much
blended together.

To the extreme west of the map, on the Missouri river, opposite the mouth of
Floyd’s river, the green represents the cretaceous formation which extends
west of the Missouri river towards the heads of the Cheynne, Moreau and
White rivers, where it is succeeded by that remarkable Eocene tertiary basin
in the Mauvaise Terres of Nebraska, containing those interesting extinct races
of fossil mammalia described by Dr. Leidy in the Memoir forming part of the
geological report.

Many important additions will be found to our geographical knowledge of the
country, derived partly from drafts and astronomical observatious made by the
geological corps, and partly from the most recent linial surveys.

For further particulars I beg to refer the members to the forthcoming geolo¬
gical report of the surveys of the region of country represented by this geolo¬
gical map.

November 16 th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A note was read from Mr. Elias Durand, dated Nov. 15, 1852, accom¬
panying his donation, acknowledged this evening, of 109 autographs of
Scientific and Literary men.

Dr. B. H. Coates stated that he had been referred by a friend to a passage in
page 136, of a work entitled “The Unity of the Human Races, proved to be the
doctrine of Scripture, Reason and Science ; by the Rev. Thomas Smyth, D. D.
New York, 1850” — in which his name is cited, with those of several others, as
that of an “opponent” of the doctrine or dogma of the Unity of the Human
Species ; and this on the authority of the late Dr. Morton. Dr. Coates had no re¬
collection of the passage in any of the writings of his late honored friend just named,
or of any other, in which such a statement had been made for him ; and could only
presume that Dr. Smyth has either misapprehended some expression in Dr.
Morton’s books, or has quoted from memory without referring to the text. Dr.
Coates hoped to be allowed to have placed upon record in the Proceedings of the
Academy an explicit denial of the above allegation, having never held the opinion
there implied as his. He acquiesces in what he believes to be the general
judgment of the most scientific men — the unity of the human species — without
claiming to have formed an independent opinion; but he is not ignorant that
some strangely marked varieties, as the Ethiopian, are of a very high antiquity.

The proposition frequently combined with the above, that the origin of the

192

[November,

whole human race is from a single couple, and that such is the legitimate con¬
struction of the biblical passages mentioning Adam and Eve, did not appear to
him to be a question in Natural History ; that is, he conceives it to be impossible,
from any natural evidence now existing upon the surface of the earth, either to
prove or disprove this proposition, or to render it more probable or improbable,
and that it must, therefore, rest for its certainty upon revelation, records and the
grammatical construction and just verbal meaning of an ancient language.

November 23 d.

The President, Mr. Ord, in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the Acad. C. L. C. Naturae
Curiosorum, dated Breslau, 28th Aug. 1852, presenting the volume
of its Transactions acknowledged this evening.

Dr. Leidy presented a paper from M. Tuomey, entitled “ Description
of some fossil shells from the Tertiary of the Southern States,” which,
being intended for publication, was referred to a committee, consisting of
Dr. Leidy, Mr. Conrad, and Mr. Charles E. Smith.

Dr. Woodhouse presented a paper for publication, describing a new
species of Numenius ; which was referred to Mr. Cassin, Dr. Wilson
and Dr. Heermann.

Dr. Owen presented for inspection by the members, a copy of his Re¬
port of the Geological Survey of Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota, and
called attention to some of the illustrations, which were produced by an
entirely new method ; the copy of the fossil being medal-ruled on the
steel plate from the object itself.

November 30 th.

Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair.

The committee on Mr. Tuomey’s paper, offered at last meeting, re¬
ported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Description of some Fossil Shells from the Tertiary of the Southern States.

By M. Tuomey, Prof, of Geology, Univ. of Alabama.

The fossils described iu this paper are from a well known locality at Wil¬
mington, N. C. The bed in which they were found is a coarse calcareous con¬
glomerate resembling, iu mineral composition, the compact white limestone of
the Santee.

Sir Charles Lyell described this structure in the fir3t volume of the Quar¬
terly Journal of the Geological Society of London, and referred it to the Eocene.
In a report on the geology of South Carolina I pointed out the existence of one
or two Cretaceous forms — Ammonites placenta, Morton, and a Trigonia related
to T. thoracica, Morton, in the same bed, together with Eocene fossils.

Some of the fossils described are much larger than any occurring in the
Eocene, yet as a group, no one acquainted with our Cretaceous and Eocene
fossils could hesitate in referring them to the latter. Besides, Sir Charles
Lyell has given a list, from this locality, of several species found elsewhere in
the Eocene.

1852.]

193

As the deposit is a conglomerate and in the vicinity of cretaceous beds, it
would occur to any one that the presence of a few cretaceous forms could be
easily explained by supposing the breaking up of a cretaceous bed, and the
transportation of its debris and included fossils into the eocene sea, where they
were entombed with the molluscous remains of that period. Nevertheless it is
evident that the cretaceous shells were filled at the same time, and with the
same mineral matter as those of the eocene found with them, for the casts of
both are composed of compact white limestone. Now, excepting the stratum
on Timber Creek, New Jersey, none of our cretaceous deposits could furnish
the mineral matter of either the casts of these shells or the rock in which they
are enclosed. Between the Delaware and Chattahoochee the cretaceous rocks
are made up of loose, grey, loamy and silicious strata, without white creta¬
ceous beds ; and in Alabama, the rotten limestone, which is the prevailing rock,
is entirely different from the Wilmington bed ; even the cretaceous deposit in
the vicinity, from which it might be supposed these remains were derived, is
composed of the usual dark-colored silicious stratum of green sand. It would
be equally difficult to account for the presence of these fossils, by supposing
that they remained empty and were subsequently drifted into the eocene sea,
and there filled with sedimentary matter and buried with the forms of that
period. At all events, after a careful examination of the locality, as well as
the fossils, I could satisfy myself only by supposing the inhabitants of these
shells to have lived and died during the eocene period, to have been cotempora-
neous with the forms with the remains of which they are buried.

The fossils to be described are for the most part in the form of casts : fre¬
quently, however, casts of both the interior and exterior of the shells occur,
and they are generally so characteristic that there can be but little danger of
mistake, if even hereafter the shells themselves should be found.

1. Trochus nixtjs : large ; axis very oblique ; whorls 5 or 6, flat or slightly
concave, marked by revolving lines obsoletely cancellated ; suture of the cast
deep, of the shell basely impressed ; umbilicus open, deep.

Dimen. Spiral angle 75°; hr. 4; br. 5 in.

2. Pyrula ampla : ventricose, ovate ; spire depressed ; whorls 4, last one
very large.

Dimen. Spiral angle 100° ; ht. 6 in.; br. 4*5 in.

This fossil is also found in the white limestone of the Santee.

4. Fusus abruptus : ovoid ; whorls rounded, ventricose, the last one termi¬
nating abruptly in the canal.

Dimen. Spiral angle 70° ; ht. 6 in. ; br. 4 in.

4. Conus mutilatcs : spire depressed ; whorls flattened ; sides longitudinally
convex.

Dimen. Spiral angle 101°; ht. 2-5 in. ; br. 1-5 in.

Casts of shell are abundant at Wilmington, N. C., and in the white limestone
of Alabama. It is also found in the eocene beds on the Santee. They are
easily distinguished from the other eocene species. In C. gyratus , Morton, the
spire is more produced ; whilst in C. eauridens , Don., it is more depressed.
Casts of the latter have the spiral whorls in nearly the same plane.

5. Voluta conoides: conical; spire short; whorls 4, columcllar plaits nu¬
merous. Resembles Conus gyratus.

Dimen. Spiral angle 87°; ht. 2 in. ; br. 1 in.

6. Trigonia divaricata: cast of left valve, ribs 15, somewhat acute, con¬
verging towards the posterior margin, arched on the umbones, divaricating be¬
low. After the sixth rib there is a half rib intercalated.

Dimen. Length 2 in.; br. 1*5 in. ; ht. 1 in.

7. T. lcnata : ribs 14, rounded, slightly ventricose ; posterior margin cre-
nulated.

Dimen. Length 1-75 in. ; br. 125 in.; ht. 1 25 in.

194

[November,

This and the preceding are distinguished from T. thoracica, Morton, by their
greater length compared with their breadth, as well as by the more round ribs.

8. Cardita trapezium : shell rhomboidal, cordate ventricose, ribs acute,
crossed by coarse incremental lines.

Dimen. Length 2-25 in.; br. 2 in. ; ht. 2 in.

This shell differs from C. alticosta, Con., in outline, as well as in being more
yentricose, and having less prominent ribs.

9. Cucull^e LiEVis : shell smooth or marked by increment lines, ribs none ;
umbones ventricose; beaks nearly central; hinge area wide; plate of anterior
muscular impression extending from the beaks to the margin, wide.

Dimen. Length 4-25 in. ; br. 3 5 in.

This fossil can be distinguished from C. vulgaris, which it resembles, by the
smooth exterior, and deep and long muscular impression.

10. Arca cancellata: shell thin, very inequilateral, cancellated by radiating
lines and approximating transverse lines ; umbones prominent ; beaks close ;
hinge-line slightly curved; posterior margin rounded, compressed; anterior
margin much contracted.

Dimen . Length 2 5 in.; br. 3*5 in.

The Committee on the following paper by Dr. Woodhonse, reported
in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Description of a new species of Numineus (Moehr.)
By S. W. Woodhouse, M. D.

Numineus occidentalis.

Form. In general form and color, this bird is much like N. longirostris,
Wilson. The color, however, is much lighter and more rufous, the bill short
and very slender, the primaries are more pointed ; their inner web is not so
broad. Wings extend about half an inch beyond the tail. Toes short and
slender.

Dimensions. Total length of skin

Length of bill along the ridge
Wing from flexure -
Length of tarsus
“ middle toe

“ naked space of tibia

Inches.

16 3-10ths.

4 2-10ths.
11 5-10ths.

2 8-10th8.

1 3^-lOths.
1 6-lOths.

Color. Feathers of the top of the head have a broad central line of blackish
brown, terminating on their side by whitish brown ; neck light reddish brown,
the shaft of each feather being black and terminating by a broad blackish-brown
spot. Those of the hind part of the neck have the central line of black much
broader. Chin white. Back black with irregular markings of reddish brown, form¬
ing spots ; these, as they approach the rump, become more reddish and are broader,
having much the appearance of bands. Upper tail coverts reddish brown ;
shafts black, with transverse black bands. The tail is slightly rounded, and
consists of twelve feathers of a reddish brown color, with ten transverse black
bands. Under coverts reddish brown. Belly and thighs light reddish brown.
Sides reddish brown, with irregular blackish brown zigzag lines. The shaft of
the first primary is white ; the outer webs of the first three are black ; of the
fourth slightly mottled with reddish brown ; on their inner webs reddish,
mixed with irregular lines of brown ; the remainder of the primaries are reddish
brown, with zigzag transverse bars of black. The secondaries and tertials are
more black, the bands being confluent in the middle. Under plumage long

195

1852.]

axillaries, inner wing coverts, bright reddish brown. Bill blackish brown.
Legs and feet flesh color. A pale supraciliary line extends from the base of
the bill.

Habitat. Rio Grande, New Mexico.

Obs . This remarkable species is closely allied to the N. longirostris and N.
Hudsonicus, but from both of them it differs very materially. I procured it near
Albuquerque, on the Rio Grande, whilst attached to the Expedition, as Surgeon
and Naturalist, under the command of Captain L. Sitgreaves, Topographical
engineer U. S. army, exploring the Zuni and the Great and Little Colorado
rivers of the west. There were but few of them there at the time. They
were on the sandbars of the river, feeding upon worms and insects.

ELECTIONS.

Dr. James M. Corse, of Philadelphia, was elected a Member ; and
Dr. H. W. Kennedy, of Buenos Ayres, and Mr. James Broome Smith,
of California, were elected Correspondents of the Academy.

December *Uh.

Yice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From Mr. Dexter Marsh, dated Greenfield, Mass. Dec. 3d, 1852,
acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election, as a Correspondent.

From the Librarian of the Advocates’ Library, Edinburgh, dated 1st
Nov., 1852, acknowleding the receipt of a copy of Dr. Ruschenberger’s
Notice of the Academy.

From the President of the “ Naturwissenchaftlichen Yerien in Halle”
dated 18th Oct. 1852, presenting the volumes of its Proceedings an¬
nounced this evening, and asking an exchange of publications.

Dr. Heermann presented a paper intended for publication in the Jour¬
nal, entitled “ Notes on the Birds of California, collected during a three
years residence in that country which was referred to Mr. Cassin, Dr.
Woodhouse and Dr. Wilson.

Dr. Charles M. Wetherill read a paper, intended for publication in the
Proceedings, entitled “ Analyses of the Cotton Plant and Seed, with
suggestions as to manures, by the late Thomas J. Sumner, of South
Carolina ; communicated by Chas. M. Wetherill ;” which was referred to
Dr. Genth, Dr. Le Conte and Mr. Yaux.

Dr. Hallowell presented a paper, intended for publication in the Pro¬
ceedings, entitled “ On a new genus, and two new species of Reptiles in¬
habiting North America;” referred to Dr. Le Conte, Dr. Woodhouse
and Dr. Leidy.

Dr. Woodhouse presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings
describing two new species of pouched Rats of the genera Geomys, Raf.
and Perognathus, Wied, which was referred to a Committee consisting
of Dr. Ruschenberger, Dr. Le Conte and Dr. Leidy.

196

[December,

Dr. E. K. Kane announced that a new American Expedition was
about to proceed to the Arctic Regions in search of Sir John Franklin.
Dr. Kane made some remarks explanatory of the geography of the
region, and the plan of the proposed search.

The Secretary then read a letter from the Secretary of the Navy,
addressed to Dr. Kane, assigning to him the conduct of the Expedition.

The following Resolutions were then offered and unanimously adopted.

Resolved , That a Committee be appointed to confer with Dr. E. K.
Kane Commander of the projected Arctic Exploring Expedition, and
communicate whatever information there may be in the possession of the
Academy, relating to the collection and preservation of objects of Natural
History and to procure such instruments and apparatus as may be neces¬
sary for this purpose, and for his use.

Committee : — Dr. Ruschenberger, Dr. Fisher, Mr. W. S. Vaux, Dr.
Bridges and Mr. Cassin.

December 14 th.

Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Secretary of the Trustees of the New York State Library,
dated Albany, Dec. 6th, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of the Pro¬
ceedings, vol. 6, No. 5.

From Dr. H. W. Kennedy, of Buenos Ayres, dated Dec. 4th, 1852,
acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as a correspondent.

From the Right Rev. Alonzo Potter, dated Dec. 7th, 1852, acknow¬
ledging the receipt of his notice of election as a Correspondent.

Mr. Conrad presented a paper intended for publication in the Journal,
entitled “ Descriptions of New Fossil Shells of the United States
which was referred to Dr. Ruschenberger, Dr. Leidy and Mr. Phillips.

Mr. Conrad presented a second paper intended for publication in the
Proceedings, entitled “ Remarks on the Tertiary Strata of St. Domingo,
and of Vicksburg, Miss.” Referred to the above Committee.

Dr. Woodhouse presented a paper, intended for publication in the
Proceedings, describing a new bird, of the genus Struthus (Boib.)
Referred to Dr. Heermann, Mr. Cassin and Dr. Wilson.

On leave granted, Dr. Ruschenberger, on behalf of the Committee
appointed at the last meeting, on the subject of the proposed American
Arctic Expedition, presented the following Preamble and Resolutions,
which were adopted :

Every manifestation of disposition in the officers of the National and State
governments to encourage the pursuit of truth, by affording facilities to men
devoted to scientific investigations, is pleasing to the members of the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Aware of the important influence of sci¬
entific researches on the prosperity and happiness of the people, they are gra¬
tified to observe that the recent report of the Hon. John P. Kennedy, on the
condition of the navy, is in tone and spirit cheering to tho.e who are seeking to

1852.]

197

expand the limits of human knowledge in any of its branches. While asking
Congress to augment the means of instructing young men for different depart¬
ments of the naval service, he pleads the cause of science in a manner worthy
of that enlightened judgment which should characterise all who participate in
the direction of nautical affairs. He announces that expeditions to Japan, to
the China Seas, to Africa, to the interior of South America, to the Pacific
Ocean, and to the Arctic regions, are in progress, or about departing to seek
and peacefully open new fields of enterprise ; and while he incites the spirit of
hardy adventure, he encourages, to the extent of the means in his power, care¬
ful observation and scientific investigation of natural phenomena. He advocates
explorations which promise results beneficial to the agricultural, commercial
and manufacturing industries of the country ; and for motives apparently ana¬
logous to those which animate the members of this institution. Therefore,

Resolved , That the Corresponding Secretary be directed to address a letter to
the Hon. John P. Kennedy, Secretary of the Navy, expressive of the gratifica¬
tion the Society derives from the disposition he manifests to encourage men
engaged in the cultivation of science ; a disposition more especially exhibited
in the permission given to our fellow member, Dr. E. K. Kane, of the Navy, to
undertake the direction and management of an expedition to the north polar
regions, to ascertain the fate of Sir John Franklin ; an enterprise sustained by
the intelligent munificence of Henry Grinnell, Esq., and a few other American
gentlemen.

Resolved , That science does not limit its benefits and influence to any class
or caste of men ; being open and free to all alike, it is republican and democratic
in its tendency ; and therefore, the members of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia may hope that the National Legislature will foster the
several expeditions embracing scientific research, by granting such seasonable
supplies and substantial encouragement as may be worthy of the most powerful
and wealthy republic on the face of the earth.

Resolved , That the Corresponding Secretary is hereby instructed to furnish a
copy of these resolutions to the President of the Senate of the United States,
and to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, for the information of
Congress, and also to the Secretary of the Navy.

On leave, granted, Mr. Cassin, from the Committee on Dr. Heer-
mann’s paper, entitled u Notices of Birds observed in California,"
reported in favor of publication in the J ournal of the Academy, which
was adopted.

December 21 st.

Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

Mr. Cassin presented a paper by P. R. Hoy, M. D., of Racine, Wis¬
consin, intended for publication in the Proceedings, describing two
species of Owls, presumed to be new, inhabiting the State of Wisconsin
during the winter season. Referred to Mr. Cassin, Prof. Haldeman
and Dr. Heermann.

Mr. Conrad presented a paper intended for publication in the Pro¬
ceedings, entitled, “ Notes on Shells, and descriptions of new species."
Referred to Dr. Ruschenberger, Dr. Le Conte and Prof. Haldeman.

Dr. Hallowell presented a paper, intended for publication in the
Proceedings, “ On a new genus and two new species of African

31

198 [December,

Serpents which was referred to a Committee consisting of Major
Le Conte, Prof. Haldeman and Dr. Leidy.

Dr. G-enth presented a paper, intended for publication in the Pro¬
ceedings, entitled, “ On a probably new Element , with Iridosmene and
Platinum, from California.” Referred to Prof. Frazer, Dr. Le Conte
and Dr. Bridges.

Prof. Haldeman stated that he had seen, at the recent agricultural exhibition
at Lancaster, Pa., a pair of albino specimens of Tamias lysteri (or striata) ; also
a black specimen of the same species; which would throw light upon the varieties
of the grey squirrels, since it is more likely that these should have black varie¬
ties than the uniform species of Tamias. The specimen was black throughout,
and there were no indications of the lateral stripes. A few scattered hairs of
white might be observed on a close inspection. Prof H. stated further that he
had had an idiotic specimen of Sciurus Hudsonius, which had the actions of
a human idiot. It was thus affected when caught, and was merely able to take
its food, but incapable of running or leaping. Its principal actions were turning
in a circle and moving the head up and down continually.

December 28th.

Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committe on Mr. Conrad’s papers, containing u Remarks on the
Tertiary Strata of St. Domingo and Vicksburg,” and “ Notes on Shells,
with descriptions of new species,” reported in favor of publication in
the Proceedings.

Remarks on the Tertiary Strata of St. Domingo and Vicksburg , (Miss.)

By T. A. Conrad.

The remarkable group of fossils which I discovered at Vicksburg, Miss., in
1845, derives a new interest for the geologist since the discovery of an analogous
deposit in St. Domingo, in which are some few of the species of the Vicksburg
strata. Whether all the forms of this group in St. Domingo are synchronous
remains to be proved, but the probability is that they are. They have been
referred to the Miocene period, whilst I had supposed that the Vicksburg
strata were more intimately related to those of the Eocene period. I founded
this supposition on the following data, viz :

1. No recent species was known, or is yet ascertained to occur in this
locality.

2. Two or three fossil shells of the Older Eocene of Alabama are common.

3. No species is identical with, and only two or three analogous to, fossil
shells of the American Miocene, even as the group occurs in South Carolina, but
little north of the latitude of Vicksburg.

4. The forms have a closer analogy with those of the European Eocene than
with any other group of fossils.

It might be supposed that a more southern latitude would vary the Miocene
species, but not that the percentage of recent shells would be reduced to zero,
nor would an utterly dissimilar group be introduced. The only condition which
would seem likely to produce such a result would be a great depth of water, in
which the shells had lived and died on the bed of a profounder sea than we have
elsewhere eny evidence of ; but this is not probable, because the presence of so

1852.]

199

many littoral genera as Pleurotoma , the species of which are very abundant in
specimens, Turritella , Natica, Terebra , Oliva , and various others, indicate shallow
water, and the abundance of comminuted shells and waterworn specimens attest
the vicinity of a sea beach.

The well known Miocene deposits are remarkably unlike that of Yicksburg,
in the abundance of large species of Venus , Fulgur, Perna, and Ponopcea , some of
which genera, with their peculiar species in every latitude, render the Miocene
period recognizable at a glance. Indeed it is singular that the distinctive cha¬
racter of this formation should be so strongly marked over an extent of 400
miles north and south. Even the Venus alveata , a common Maryland fossil,
seems to be abundant beneath the level of the sea, on Sullivan’s Island, near
Charleston, and another Maryland fossil, which I have named Ecphora 4 -costata,
(Fusus 4-costatus of Say,) was found on the beach of St. Simon’s Island, Georgia.
Both localities are south of the latitude of Yicksburg, the Georgia one nearly a
degree farther south. The researches of Mr. Tuomey, in South Carolina, have
brought to light at least 26 species, which are known to occur as far north as
St. Mary’s river, Maryland. From this comparison of groups it seems obvious
that the Yicksburg deposit must be of earlier origin than the fossiliferous Ter¬
tiary strata of Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, which seem all
to be of one geological era, though Mr. Tuomey refers those of South Carolina
to the Older Pliocene period. Whether the Mississippi formation should be
termed an Older Miocene or a Newer Eocene, may yet be doubtful, but that it
is intermediate between the Lower and Middle Tertiary, and differing widely
from either in the period of its deposition, is obvious.

A careful exploration of the St. Domingo locality will probably clear up all
doubts on the subject.

In conclusion, I may observe, that besides the Turbinella Wilsoni and Onisda
harpula , the Cassidaria laevigata , Forbes, is identical with my C. lintea , thu3
giving three species common to the Yicksburg and St. Domingo groups.

Notes on Shells , with Descriptions of new Species.

By T. A. Conrad.

Cryptodon, Con.

The name of this genus, founded on Mya cancellata , having been previously
applied by Turton to another group of bivalves, and now adopted by some
conchologists, it is necessary to change it, and I therefore propose

SCHIZOTH^ERUS,

in allusion to the profound channel which indents the hinge of both sides of
the cardinal teeth.

SCHIZOTH-SBRUS Nuttallii.

Cryptodon Nuttallii , Con., Journ. A. N. S. vol. 7, p. 325, pi. 18, fig. 1.

Unio.

Unio Mortoni, Con., Dec. 1835.

U. turgidus1 Lea, 1837.

Mr. Lea’s description of this species was read at a meeting of the Philosophi¬
cal Society in Dec. 1834, but not published before 1837.

Miocene species ?

OSTREA.

Ostrea Titan. Elliptical or oblong ; extremity thick and ponderous, contracted
towards the hinge ; ligament cavity profound ; upper valve slightly arched ;
surface coarsely marked. Length 10i inches.

200

[December,

Locality. San Luis Obispo, California.

This huge species is imbedded in friable limestone which contains abundance
of silicious sand rounded by attrition. No other fossil can be detected in the
portions of limestone which accompany the specimens.

Cretaceous Species.

Pholas.

Pholas pectorosa. Ovate-cuneate ; anteriorly inflated, contracted in the
middle ; posterior side cuneiform ; disk with radiating ribs, largest anteriorly,
and interrupted by concentric furrows ; anterior side very short, margin ob¬
tusely rounded or subtruncated ; basal margin rounded anteriorly, contracted
medially, straight posteriorly.

Locality. Tinton Falls, Monmouth Co., N. J.

This rare species was found by the late Lardner Vanuxem. It is a cast, on
the right valve of which an impressed line runs obliquely from the apex, while
on the opposite valve there is a corresponding furrow, and the three ribs nearest
the posterior end are more remote from each other, than in the right valve.

Inoceramus, Sow.

Inoceramus Senseni.

Rounded; both valves profoundly curved; beaks involute, the volutions of
the larger valve, 3, contiguous in both valves. Length If inches ; width If in.

Locality. Missouri river, Nebraska. Mr. Senseny.

Inoceramus perovalis. Oval, convex, slightly oblique ; beaks medial, both
dorsal margins equally declining; basal margin acutely rounded: surface
with obsolete concentric undulations. Height about If inches; length less
than the height.

Locality. Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. Mr. Vanuxem.

The Committee on papers by Dr. Woodhouse — namely, “ Descrip¬
tion of two new species of Pouched Rats,” and “ Description of a new
species of Struthus,” reported in favor of publication in the Pro¬
ceedings.

Description of a New Species of Pouched Rat , of the Genus Perogna-

thus, Wied.

By S. W. W. Woodhouse, M. D.

Perognathus penecillatus.

Characters. Above yellowish brown, beneath white, tail longer than the
head and body, penecillate, with bright brown hair.

Form. Head of moderate size, not easily distinguished from the neck ;
incisors small and partially exposed, upper ones sulcate in the middle. Nose
small and rather pointed, extending some distance beyond the incisors ; whiskers
light brown, irregularly mixed with black; eyes dark brown, and of moderate
size; ears nearly round and moderate, almost naked anteriorly and covered
posteriorly with fine brown fur; the tragus and antitragus are quite prominent.
The external meatus is protected by a tuft of short black bristles extending
across the ear. Tail about one and a quarter inches longer than the head and
body, round, gradually tapering, and covered with hair; on the superior and
middle portion commences a row of long silky hairs, which gradually increase
in width until they form a tuft at the end. Fore legs short, feet small, with
four well developed toes and a short thumb, which is armed with a nail ;
palms naked. Hind legs and feet long, having five toes, terminated by nails.
Feet and toes covered with short fine fur ; soles naked. The fur longer on the
back than on the belly; it is thick, soft and silky.

201

1852.]

Color. Incisors yellow, top of head and back dark yellowish brown, lighter
on the sides ; fur at base light ash color. Throat, belly, vent, fore legs and
inner portions of thighs white. The white commences at the nostrils, and
forms a well marked line to the thighs, and extending down to the heel, leaving
the front of thigh white, the remainder and outer portion light yellowish brown ;
feet white. Under portion of tail white, above dark brown ; the long hair of
the tail is a rich brown.

Dimensions.

Total length from tip of nose to root of tail
“ “ of tail vertebra -

“ “ of ear anterior -

“ “ of whiskers -

“ “ os calcis, middle toe nail

Distance from anterior angle of orbit to tip of

Inches.

- 3 5-10tbs.

- 3 7-lOths.

3-10ths.

- 1 7-10ths.

- 1.

nose 6^-10ths.

Habitat. New Mexico, west of Rio Grande.

Obs. Of the habits of this animal I know but little. The specimen in my
possession is a male, and was procured in the San Francisco Mountain, New
Mexico.

Description of a New Species of Pouched Rat of the Genus Geomys, Raf.

By S. W. Woodhouse, M. D.

Geomys fulyus.

Characters. Light reddish brown above, beneath whitish. Ears small,
round, and covered with thick short black fur. Tail long in proportion when
compared with others of this genus.

Description. Head large, nose broad, covered with short thick fur, with the
exception of a small space at tip and the margins of the nostrils, which are
naked. The nose extends a short distance beyond the plane of the incisors.
The incisors are exserted, with three convex smooth sides, the exterior broadest,
and of a yellowish color ; their cutting edges are teven. The upper incisors
extend downwards and inwards ; the under ones are one-third longer than the
upper, and slightly narrower. Ears small and round, covered with short thick
black fur externally. Eyes larger than is common in this genus. Tail round,
thick at base, and gradually tapering. The fore claws are long, compressed,
slightly curved and pointed. The claw on the middle toe is the longest, the
fifth is the shortest, and that of the thamb resembles much the claw of the
fourth toe of the hind foot, both as regards size and shape. The toes on the
hind feet are a little longer and more slender than those of the fore feet ; the
nails short, somewhat conical and excavated underneath.

Color. Head, cheeks, back and sides bright reddish brown, being darker on
the top of the head and back. The breast, vent, feet, inner portion of legs and
thighs white, slightly inclining to ash ; abdomen very light reddish brown ; for at
base dark ash color above, beneath light ash. Edges of cheek pouches encircled
with rufous ; the long hair of the back extends about one third the length of the
tail. The tail is covered with short white silky hairs, terminating in a small
tuft. The fore feet above are covered with short white hair ; the toes on their
inner side have a row of long white hairs ; palms naked. Claws are opaque,
white for half their extent, the other half transparent; there is a small oblong
reddish brown spot in the centre of each. The hind feet are covered above with
white hairs, soles naked. The lips, on their inner side, are covered with short
fine white hair, with a band of short fine black fur encircling the mouth.
Whiskers silvery white.

202

[December,

Inches.

j Dimensions. Total length from tip of nose to root of tail

5.

tt

«

of tail vertebra -

1

3-10ths.

n

n

from anterior angle of eye to tip of nose

7-10ths.

u

ti

from tip of nose to auditory opening

1

lJ-lOths.

u

u

of os calcis including middle toe and

claw -

1

l-10th.

it

ii

from elbow to end of middle hind

claw - - -

1

8-10ths.

u

ti

of middle fore claw -

4-10ths.

ll

it

of hind claw -

2t-10ths.

ll

ii

of fur on back -

2|-I0ths.

ll

n

of whiskers, about -

1

in.

Habitat. New Mexico, west of Rio Grande.

Obs. The specimen in my collection was procured near the San Francisco
Mountain, New Mexico, where they were quite abundant.

These Pouched Rats of the genus Perognathus and Geomys I procured whilst
attached as Surgeon and Naturalist to the party under command of Capt. Sit -
greaves, U. S. Army, exploring at Zuni, and Little and Great Colorado Rivers
of the west.

Description of a new Snow Finch of the genus Struthus, Boie.

By S. W. Woodhouse, M. D.
Struthus caniceps.

Form. Bill longer and more gradually tapering than in S. oregonus. Wings
rounded ; first quill shortest ; second, third and fourth nearly equal ; third
slightly longest. Tail long and slightly emarginate. Tarsus long and slender.

Colors. Head above, back of neck, and cheeks dark gray; throat, breast,
and sides lighter grey; abdomen, vent, and under tail coverts inclining to white.
Upper mandible dark brown, almost black; space between the eye and base of
bill black. Back bright reddish brown ; rump and upper tail coverts dark grey.
Tail dark brownish black, with the lateral feathers in some specimens entirely
white, and with others having large spots of white on their inner webs. In one
of the specimens which I have seen, all of the three lateral feathers are mottled.
Wings, with the primaries dark brown, aud their outer margin narrowly edged
with yellowish white. The secondaries with their inner webs dark brown, and
their outer light reddish brown ; scapular and lesser wing coverts light reddish
brown. Tarsi and feet flesh color ; nails brownish.

Dimensions.

Total length of skin from the tip of bill to end of tail,
“ of bill along the ridge -

“ of wing from flexure -

“ of tarsus ------

“ of tail .

Inches.

6 2-lOtbs.

4f-10ths.
3 H-lOths.

8j-10lhs.
3 l-10th.

The female has the feet and bill colored like the male ; the general plumage
is darker and not so bright. The head is ashy brown, back dark reddish brown ;
secondaries dark brown, with a slight reddish brown margin on the outer webs.
Scapular feathers and^lesser wing coverts greyish brown ; the measurements
differ but little from those of the male, being slightly smaller.

Habitat. Western Texas and New Mexico.

Obs. My attention was first called to this bird by my friend Mr. John Cassin,
who very kindly suggested an examination of several specimens of mine in the
collection of the Academy in connection with another in his possession, and a
female in the collection, made by me when attached to the Exploring party under
the command of Capt. Sitgreaves, Topographical Engineer. U. S. Army, in the

1852.]

203

San Francisco Mountain, New Mexico. One of the specimens in the collection
of the Academy is from Mexico, the others are from Texas. My specimen is
from New Mexico. When obtained it was feeding in company with S. oregonus
and various species of Parus, and it appeared very similar to the former and
the common snow bird (S. hyemalis) in its habits.

The Committee on the following papers by Dr. Hallowell — namely,
“Oa a new Genus and two new Species of African Serpents/' and
“ On a new Genus and new Species of Reptiles, inhabiting North
America/' reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings :

On a new Genus and two new species of African Serpents .

By Edward Hallowell, M. D.

Dinophis Hallowell.

Gen. Char. — Form, that of a tree snake ; perforated fangs in the anterior part
of the upper jaw, immovable; several of the anterior teeth of the lower jaw
longer than the others ; but two rows of teeth in the upper jaw, the exterior row
not existing; two rows in the lower jaw, quite short; no loral plate; 4 poste¬
rior,* 3 anterior orbital plates ; tail long, sub-caudal scales bifid.

Dinophis Hammondii.

Sp. Char. — Head olive color above, superior labials bordered with black ;
body above and upon sides green ; total length about six feet ; thirteen rows of
long and smooth scales. Abdom. scuta 127. Sub-caud. 116.

Description. — The head is long, rounded and narrow in front, covered above
with nine plates ; the upper surface in front of the orbit is flattened ; between
the orbit it is convex, and also, but to a less extent, upon the occiput ; the ros¬
tral is large, heptagonal, much broader below than above, excavated inferiorly,
rounded in front ; the anterior frontal are much smaller than the posterior, and
are more or less quadrilateral in shape ; the posterior frontal are very large,
irregularly quadrilateral ; they are prolonged externally upon the sides of the
head, passing downward between the posterior nasal and the two superior ant-
ocular plates ; the vertical plate is short, very broad anteriorly ; the supra¬
orbital are also short, projecting very slightly over the eye, narrow in front,
broad behind ; the occipital are very large and pentangular, much larger than
broad ; there are two nasal plates of nearly equal size, the anterior somewhat
larger, with the nostrals between them ; the external openings for the latter are
quite large ; there is no loral plate ; there are three antocular and four poste¬
rior-oculars ; the superior antocular is the largest of the three ; it is prolonged
superiorly, so as to form a part of the upper surface of the head, entering in be¬
tween the posterior frontal and the vertical and supra-orbital plates ; the inferior
antocular is small and quadrilateral, the middle long and slender ; there are eight
plates upon the margin of the upper jaw ; of these the seventh is the largest, and
is remarkable for its unusual form ; its superior margin is nearly straight, its pos¬
terior and inferior very much curved ; the plate on the leftside in the specimen
examined differs considerably from that on the right, being more prolonged, and
also truncated posteriorly ; the fourth labial plate forms part of the inferior
margin of the orbit, the remainder being completed by the inferior, anterior,
and posterior oculars ; there is a long, triangular, temporal plate occupying
the space between the occipital and the seventh superior labial ; the eyes are
of moderate size, slightly projecting ; there are but two rows of teeth in the
upper jaw, one on each side, and two in the lower ; in the front part of the

* In one of the specimens there are but three posterior oculars.

204

[December,

upper jaw, immediately below the nostril, on each side of the head, is a curved
and perforated immovable fang about three lines in length ; there is no pit be¬
tween the eye and the nostril, and this space is not channelled as in L. gracilis
and Kirtlandii ; several of the anterior teeth in the lower jaw are much larger
than the others ; the longest is slender and deeply fissured anteriorly. The neck
is contracted, the body long, thicker about the middle, covered above with long
and smooth quadrangular scales, arranged in thirteen rows ; the scales nearest
the abdomen are shorter than the others ; the tail is quite long, covered above
with four rows of short hexagonal scales, with margins more or less rounded
posteriorly ; the plates upon the under part of the tail are bifid.

Color. — Head olive colored above, lighter upon the sides ; the posterior margins
of the labial plates black; posterior margin of inferior labials also black; neck,
upper part and side of body green, the scales upon the posterior part of the
body bordered with black ; abdomen greenish, without spots or blotches ; tail
greenish olive, many of the scales bordered with black.

Dimensions. — Length of head 1 inch 4 lines ; greatest breadth 9 lines ; length
of the body 3 ft. 11 inch. lines; length of tail 1 ft. 5 inch. 7 lines; total
lenth 5 ft. 7 inch. 2 lines ; greatest circumference 2 inch. 8 lines.

I have named this serpent after my friend Ogden Hammond, Esq., of Charles¬
ton, S. Carolina.

Dimensions of a larger specimen. — Length of head 1 inch 6 lines ; greatest
breadth 11 lines; breadth between the orbits posteriorly 9 lines; length of
body 4 ft. 6£ inches ; of tail 1 ft. 5 inch. 9 lines ; total length 6 ft. 1 in. 9^ lines ;
greatest circumference 3 inches. Abdom. scuta 225; 112 pairs of subcaudal
plates.

Habitat. — Liberia, W. Africa : Two specimens in the Museum of the Academy,
presented by Dr. Goheen.

Remarks. — The dentition of this animal is very remarkable, no serpent with
which I am acquainted having a single immovable perforated fang on each side
of the anterior portion of the upper jaw. It is well known to Herpetologists
that, although in Yipera, Naja, and other genera of venomous snakes, the exte¬
rior row of teeth is wanting ; the poisonous fangs in certain serpents have behind
them a number of smaller grooved teeth. This condition exists, according to
Prof. Owen, in all the family of marine serpents, four such being found in Hy-
drophis striata, and five in Hydrophis schistosa. This is the case also in Bun-
garus, a land serpent, and in Hamadryas, a genus of poisonous tree snakes* in
India, established by Dr. Cantor.f In our own venomous serpents, Elaps, Tri-
gonocephalus and Crotalus, the exterior row of teeth is wanting. In this re¬
spect they resemble Dinophis, but the fang in the latter genus is, as above
stated, quite immovable. In one of the specimens a movable perforated fang
was observed on the right side behind the other immovable one.

Dr. Edward Whitaker Gray, in the Philosophical Transactions of London for
1789, makes some interesting observations on the “class of animals called by
Linnaeus, amphibia ; particularly on the means of distinguishing those serpents
which are venomous from those which are not so.” He arrives at the conclusion
that the only mode of distinguishing a venomous from a non- venomous serpent
is by an examination of their teeth ; the tail, which is usually short in the
venomous species, being sometimes short in the innocuous. This is the case
in Pityophis affinis, and melanoleucus, both harmless serpents, with very
short tails. Serpents whose appearance indicates inoffensiveness are notunfre-
quently very dangerous, as in the instance above cited, and in that of the genus
Sepedon of Merrem, and Distichurus maculatus, which is quite small, and resem¬
bles in its general appearance an ordinary Coluber, but is provided with a small
isolated fang on each side of the upper jaw. One of these, I have been informed,

* These poisonous tree snakes are probably more numerous in the East than
is generally supposed. Dr. Ruschenberger informs me that in Siam he observed
a large green tree snake, which was said by the natives to be very venomous,
f Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1838, p. 72.

1852.]

205

killed a black -woman in Western Africa, death ensuing a short time after the
bite ; so that, as a general rule, it is best for travellers to avoid all serpents, un¬
less they be naturalists and well acquainted with their structure and habits. In
Bucephalus, a genus established by Dr. Andrew Smith, found in S. Africa, the
posterior teeth are larger than the rest, and grooved upon their anterior and
convex surface, as is the case also in Dryophis and Dipsas. Bucephalus, accord¬
ing to Dr. Smith, has six rows of teeth in the upper jaw, which is very re¬
markable, most serpents having but four. In vol. iv. p. 39 of the Proceed¬
ings of the Academy, mention is made by Dr. Savage of a wood sawyer having
been bitten by a green serpent, while in the act of preparing a log for the saw —
probably one of the species above described. The wound was in the foot, which
was swollen, as was also the leg as high as the knee. Strong rum and Sulph. of
Morphia were administered, and a free incision was made over the wound. Pas¬
sive hemorrhage ensuing, the vessels were taken up and tied; the whole limb
up to the groin became enormously swollen ; a bad sore followed the incision,
and the cuticle of the limb to a great extent came off. He recovered at the end
of three weeks.

DENDROPHIS, Boie.

Dendrophis flavigularis.

Sp. Char. Head dark brown above, lighter upon the sides ; body and tail jet
black; thirteen rows of scales; total length 6 ft. 3 in. 10 lines. Abdominal
scuta 207 ; sub-caudal 146.

Description. The head presents the form of a triangle truncated anteriorly,
depressed above posteriorly ; rostral plate pentangular, broader below than
above, rounded in front ; there are two nasal plates with the nostrils between
them ; the anterior nasal is very large ; there is a loral plate, also
large and more or less quadrangular in shape ; there is but one ant-ocular,
which is broad above, its upper surface extending inward between the posterior
frontal and the supra-ocular ; there are three post-oculars, the two upper
of nearly equal size, the inferior long and slender ; there are two anterior and
two posterior frontals, the posterior rather larger than the anterior ; the
vertical is pentagonal, much broader anteriorly; the supra-oculars are
large, broad behind, narrow in front; the occipitals are broad and short,
their transverse diameter being equal to their length ; there are two temporal
plates behind the posterior ocular, the posterior much larger than the anterior;
there are eight superior labials, the fourth and fifth forming part of the orbit,
the sixth and seventh are the largest ; the eyes are very large ; there are four
rows of teeth in the upper jaw ; nine plates margin the lower jaw on each side ;
the neck is contracted ; the body long and slender, thicker in the middle, covered
above with long andliarrow carinated scales ; those nearest the abdomen are
shorter and broader than the rest ; tail covered with smooth imbricated scales,
broader than long.

Color. Dark brown upon the upper part of the head, and upon the temples ;
lighter upon the sides ; chin and throat yellowish white ; neck yellowish white,
spotted with black ; body and tail jet black ; lighter upon the abdomen.

Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch 4 lines ; greatest breadth 6J lines ; length
of body 3 ft. 5 in. 21 lines ; length of tail 1 ft. 6 in. 8 lines; greatest circum¬
ference 2f inches.

Habitat. Liberia, Western Africa.

A specimen in the Museum of the Academy, presented by Dr. Henry A. Ford.

Remarks. The animal above described has a general resemblance to the
Bucephalus capensis of Dr. Andrew Smith, and is of about the same length,
but differs in color. Bucephalus capensis, according to Dr. Smith, has six rows
of teeth.

82

206 [December,

On a New Genus and three New Species of Reptiles inhabiting North America.

By Edward Hallowell, M. D.

LAMPROSAURUS, Hallowell.

Gen. Char. Head conical, pointed, rostral vertical, the supra-nasals on each
side contiguous ; internasal large ; nostrils between two nasal plates ; two
fronto-parietals ; tympanum depressed ; a few small scales in front of the ear ;
no gular fold; body and extremities slender; toes 5-5; scales smooth and
shining, similar upon back and abdomen, rounded posteriorly ; preanal scales
large ; no femoral pores ; no palatine or sphenoidal teeth ; body and extremities
slender.

Lamprosaurus guttulatus.

Sp. Char. Body and upper surface of extremities black ; a row of seven or
eight white spots along the margin of the upper jaw ; a row of white spots
along the inferior margin of the supra-orbitar plates, continuous with which
is a white spot upon the fronto-nasal, and another upon the parietal plates ;
the rest of the upper surface, sides and front part of the head, are jet black,
with the exception of a small white spot along the upper margin of the third
supra-orbitar, and one which is indistinct upon the freno-nasal plate ; chin black ;
throat, abdomen and under surface of extremities iron grey, with a shining
lustre. Total length 2 inches 6 lines.

Description. The head is elongated, conical and pointed, rounded above and
in front ; the rostral plate is vertical, pentangular, not grooved inferiorly, a little
larger, apparently, in the vertical direction than transversely ; there are two
nasal plates, with the nostril between them ; there are two supero-nasals, one on
each side, contiguous, rhomboidal ; the internasal is large, in contact laterally
with the supero-nasal and the freno-nasal plate; in front with the supero-nasal,
posteriorly with the fronto-nasal ; the fronto-nasal are pentagonal, larger than
the supero-nasal, their internal angle prolonged ; they are in contact anteriorly
with the inter-nasal and the freno-nasal ; laterally with the freno-orbitar and the
anterior supra-orbitar ; posteriorly with the frontal ; the frontal plate is long
and hexagonal, broader in front, excavated laterally ; the fronto-parietal are
large and quadrilateral, larger than the fronto-nasal ; the inner-parietal is broad
and rather short, rounded posteriorly, the anterior angle passing in between the
fronto-parietals ; the parietals are large ; there are five supra-orbitar plates, the
third the largest ; there are seven superior labials on one side and eight on the
other, the last the largest; body and extremities slender; tail, according to Dr.
Hammond, nearly as long as the body (mutilated in the specimen ;) fourth toe
much longer than the third, and stouter ; third and fourth fingers of nearly equal
length ; body covered above with smooth imbricated scales, broad and rounded
posteriorly ; the scales upon the abdomen are similar to those upon the back :
no femoral or anal pores ; chin, throat and extremities covered with smooth
imbricated scales.

Color. Body and upper surface of extremities black ; a row of seven or eight
white spots along the margin of the upper jaw ; a row of white spots along the
superior margin of the supra-orbitar plates, continuous with which is a
white spot upon the fronto-nasal, and another upon the parietal ; the rest
of the upper surface, sides and front part of the head is jet black, with the
exception of a small white spot along the upper margin of the third supra-
orbitar, and one, which is indistinct, upon the freno-nasal; chin black;
throat, abdomen and under surface of extremities iron grey, with a shining
lustre.

Dimensions. Length of head 4 lines ; greatest breadth 2\ lines ; length of
neck and body 1 inch; of anterior extremity 7 lines; of posterior the same:
of tail about 1 inch 2 lines.

Habitat. New Mexico, Fort Fillmore, below the Jornada del Muerte ; found,
also, at El Paso : rare, Dr. Hammond having seen but two specimens.

1852.] 207

The specimen above described was found by Dr. G. F. Hammond, and pre¬
sented by him to the Academy.

CROTAPHYTUS, Holbrook.

Crotaphytus fasciatus.

Sp. Char. Head of moderate size, triangular, slightly swollen at the temples ;
body slender ; anterior extremities idem ; tail nearly three times as long as the
body (including neck and extending to vent ;) body covered with small granu¬
lations, ash colored, with seven or eight narrow transverse bands upon the back
of the color of vermilion ; bands of a similar color upon the tail ; legs banded ;
abdomen covered with quadrangular scales : flesh-colored ; femoral pores in the
male very distinct.

Description. The head is subtriangular, rounded in front, slightly swollen at
the temples, covered above with polygonal tubercles, larger anteriorly ; a row
considerably larger than the rest runs along the middle line of the front part of
the head, midway between the nostrils ; these tubercles are much smaller and
of more uniform size upon the temples ; they are also small over the orbits ; the
occipital plate is of moderate size, and rather indistinct ; the supraciliary ridges
are well developed ; the external margin of the eyelid is bordered with a row
of quadrangular scales, external to which is another row upon the lower lid,
with pointed extremities, presenting a well-marked denticulation ; the lids are
covered with minute granulations ; the nostrils are large, oval, lateral, looking
outward and slightly backward, situated in a single scale; the rostral plate is
narrow, quadrangular, much more extended transversely than in the vertical
direction ; the upper jaw is bordered with a row of seventeen plates ; the exter¬
nal opening of the ear is very apparent, oval, its anterior border presenting a few
small denticulations ; neck folded ; body slender, covered above with small
granulations, rather larger upon the back than upon the sides ; anterior extre¬
mities slender ; posterior well developed ; both covered above with granulations,
rather larger in front than posteriorly ; several rows of small plates along the
margin of the lower jaw ; chin and throat covered with small granulations ; abdo¬
men covered with smooth hexagonal and quadrangular scales ; anterior surface of
arms and forearms covered with small granulations ; of thighs and legs with
scales similar to those upon the abdomen ; femoral pores very distinct ; no anal
ones ; tail very long and slender posteriorly, covered with smooth quadrangular
scales near its root, hexagonal posteriorly ; these scales are distinctly verticil-
late throughout the greater part of the length of the tail, less so anteriorly, and
carinated both anteriorly and posteriorly, except within about two inches of its
root ; femoral pores very distinct.

Color. Head of the specimen examined of a light yellow color, with numer¬
ous small brown spots disseminated upon its surface ; a dark colored bar upon
the temples, between the orbit and ear ; chin and throat marked with dark
colored lines and blotches ; body ash color above, presenting numerous small
points upon its surface, and marked with transverse bars of a vermilion color
during life ; upper surface of its extremities resembling in color that of the
abdomen, the thighs and more especially the legs marked with transverse bands
of vermilion ; abdomen flesh color ; tail ash, beautifully banded with trans¬
verse bars of vermilion.

Dimensions. Length of head 10^ lines; greatest breadth 7 lines; length of
neck and body 2J inches ; length of tail 6J inches ; of arm 5 lines ; of anterior
extremity 1 inch 7 lines ; length of foot to extremity of longest toe 13 lines.

Habitat. Sand hills, at the lower end of the Jornada del Muerte, New
Mexico.

Remarks. This animal, of which there are two specimens, a male and a fe¬
male, forming part of Dr. Woodhouse’s collection, differs from the Crotaphytus
Wislizenii of Baird and Girard, in the size and shape of the head : that of
Wislizenii beiDg about a quarter of an inch longer ; the latter is also broader and

208

[December,

the snout less pointed ; the neck also in fasciatus is much more contracted, and
the body and both anterior and posterior extremities are much less robust. In
addition to these distinguishing characteristics, sufficient of themselves to sepa¬
rate the two animals, there exist in fasciatus seven or eight narrow transverse
bands of a bright vermilion color upon the back, which are not observed in the
other species.

TROPIDONOTUS, Kuhl.

Tropidonotus Woodhousii.

Sp. Char. Head long, depressed, rounded in front; eyes projecting; neck
much contracted ; body thicker in the middle ; tail of moderate length ; scales
strongly carinated ; a series of transverse rhomboidal dark colored blotches
upon the back, less distinct near the tail, obsolete upon the anterior half of the
body; which is of an olive green color ; interstices between the blotches white ;
23 rows of scales. Abdominal scuta 150 ; sub-caudal

Description. The head is quite large and much depressed, covered above with
nine plates ; of these the anterior frontal are pentangular, their posterior and
external angle being somewhat prolonged ; the posterior frontal are much
larger and irregularly quadrilateral ; the vertical is pentagonal, much
broader in front than posteriorly, its lateral margins being slightly hollowed ;
the supra-orbitar are oblong, pentagonal, broader behind than in front; the
occipital are very large, pentagonal : the rostral is broad and quadrilateral,
rounded above, excavated below ; the nostrils look upward and outward, and
are situated between two nasal plates ; there is one loral on each side which is
quadrilateral ; there are one anterior ocular and three posterior ocular plates ;
the former is quite large, and excavated anteriorly, so as to receive the
posterior margin of the loral ; there are two large temporal plates on each side
of the occipital ; there are eight labials upon the margin of the upper jaw on
each side ; of these the sixth and seventh are the largest ; the eyes are large and
projecting, the supraorbitars extending but slightly over the eye ; the
mental plate is small and triangular ; the anterior and posterior geneials are
quite long, the posterior somewhat more slender and larger than the anterior ;
the body is long, much thicker in the middle than at the extremities, covered
with twenty-three rows of strongly carinated scales ; the rows upon the sides
are much less strongly carinated than those upon the back ; the row nearest the
abdomen is the broadest.

Color. Dusky olive upon the upper part of the head and back, becoming
darker upon the middle of the body, and toward the tail, presenting numerous
transverse dark colored bands, most distinct upon the posterior half of the body ;
these bands do not, as in Tropidonotus sipedon, extend as far as the abdomen;
they are bordered anteriorly and posteriorly with a strip of white ; chin, thorax
and neck straw color ; the abdominal scales are bordered anteriorly with black ;
tail, straw color, with indistinct bands of black along the borders of the scales.

Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch 6 lines ; greatest breadth 9 lines ; length ;
of body 2 ft. 2 inches; of tail inches. Abdominal scuta 150; sub-caudal 44,
(tail broken off at extremity.)

Habitat. Prairies near the Arkansas river.

Remarks. The reptile above described resembles the Tropidonotus erythro-
gaster, in having the same number of rows of scales, there being 23 in each ;
and nearly the same number of abdominal plates, there being 148 in the erythro-
gaster and 149 in Woodhousii. The tail in the specimen of the latter species
having been mutilated, their number could not be accurately determined. The
coloration of the two animals, however, is very different, the white transverse
bands upon the back being very apparent in Woodhousii, but do not exist in
erythrogaster. They differ also greatly in size, Woodhousii being a much
smaller animal. Tropidonotus fasciatus has 140 abdominal plates and 42 pairs
of sub-caudal scales. The “ body has singular oblong or triangular purplish
red spots on the flanks, which are insensibly lost about midway between the
abdomen and vertebral line.” “In old animals the whole superior and lateral
surface becomes of a brownish color.” Its circumference is five inches.

1852.]

209

Ambystoma nebulosum.

Sp. Char. Head as broad as long, rounded in front; palatine teeth in the form
of a triangle, the apex directed forward ; body brown with numerous yellow
spots ; tail longer than neck and body ; total length 5 inches 9 lines.

Description. The head is large, depressed above, about as broad as it is long ;
snout rounded; nostrils small, about three lines apart; eyes large and promi¬
nent ; mouth very large ; tongue broad and flattened, free at its edges, attached
at its anterior border ; palatine teeth shaped, the angle presenting for¬

ward, the extremities of the row being placed a 9hort distance behind the inter¬
nal nares ; neck contracted ; posterior extremities stouter than the anterior ;
body sub-cylindrical, flattened inferiorlv; tail longer than the head and body,
much more compressed, the posterior half especially, quite thin and rounded at
its extremity.

Color. Head brownish above, with numerous indistinct yellowish spots pos¬
teriorly : body blackish, presenting many yellowish spots upon the surface, the
largest about a line in diameter; extremities blackish, mingled with yellow;
tail of some dark hue, with mimerous yellow spots and markings ; chin, throat
and abdomen yellowish.

Habitat. New Mexico.

Dimensions. Length of head 8 lines ; greatest breadth 8 lines ; length of neck
and body 2 inches 2 lines ; of tail 2 inches 9 lines ; of anterior extremities 1
inch 6 lines ; of posterior the same ; total length 5 inches 9 lines.

Another specimen from the same locality is more uniformly blackish upon the
upper surface, the yellowish spots being absent ; the chin, throat and abdomen
are also more distinctly marked with black and yellow.

Remarks. The above species differs from the Proserpine of Baird and Girard
in the shape of the head and in the coloring ; and from Mavortia of Baird in
the same particulars. The Mavortia, according to Prof. Baird, has “ about
nine broad transverse bands of yellowish on the sides of the body, confluent to
a certain extent with that of the belly.” He describes similar markings upon
the tail, forming nearly complete ellipses, about twelve in number. The Ma¬
vortia is eight inches in length.

The Committee on the following paper by Dr. Genth, reported in
favor of publication in the Proceedings ;

On a probably new element with hiaosmine and Platinum , from California.

By Dr. F. A. Genth.

I received from Dr. Charles M. Wetherill a small quantity of white grains,
which were collected in 1849-50 from California gold by the late Jos. R. Rey¬
nolds, Esq. An examination of these grains furnished me results which are,
perhaps, worth noticing.

I. When treated with boiling hydrochloric acid, two grains began to dissolve
with disengagement of hydrogen. As soon as I observed this reaction I picked
them out and washed them off with water. With a good magnifying glass I
found that they were mechanically mixed with gold. Their color was between
a tin-white and steel color ; they were malleable, but harder than tin ; they dis¬
solved in nitric acid, yielding a crystalline salt, the native gold which was mixed
with them remaining undissolved. They precipitated copper from solutions, but
slowly. Hydro-sulphuric acid precipitated the solution in nitric acid brown. A
pure piece of metal before the blowpipe on charcoal fused readily. It was
soon covered with a black oxide and gave no incrustations. Borax in the 0.
F. dissolved it and gave a colorless bead, which on cooling became opalescent ;
the same reaction took place more readily in R. F.

The quantity of this metal was too small for further experiment, but these re-

210

[December,

actions show that it is neither tin nor any other known element, although it has
some relations to tin, but it is distinguished from it

1. By its solubility in nitric acid.

2. By its brown precipitate with hydrosulphuric acid.

3. By not being regularly oxydized before the blowpipe into a white

Oxide, and by its other blowpipe-reactions.

May not the grains of native tin observed by Hermann in the auriferous sands
from Siberia be the same substance ?

II. An examination of the white grains which were insoluble in hydrochloric
acid, gave (after a few scales of native gold had been extracted by quite diluted
aqua regia) the following results.

Of 0*9366 grms. were 0*4625 grms. or 49*4 p. c. Sisserskite (Ir Os4 ) in
brilliant lead colored scales, some of which were imperfect six-sided prisms.

The remaining grains and scales (0*4T41 grms.) had a tin-white color, and
were treated with aqua regia, as long as it acted upon them. Three rounded
grains remained undissolved in aqua regia, which, I suppose, were Platin-Iridium.
They weighed 0*0202 grs.=2*2 p. c.

The balance of 0*4539 grms. or 48*4 p. c. were native Platinum.

The composition of the sample received by Dr. Chas. M. Wetherill was there¬
fore New Element and gold not estimated.

Sisserskite = 49*4 p. c.

Platin-Iridium = 2*2 p. c.

Native Platinum = 48*4 p. c.

This native Platinum is not pure, but contains, like that from other localities,
other substances, both alloyed and mechanically mixed with it.

When the 0.4539 grms. were dissolved in aqua regia, 0*0031 grms. or 0.68 p. c.
of Sisserskite remained undissolved in minute and fine scales.

The solution was evaporated to dryness in a water-bath, dissolved in alcohol and
precipitated with chloride of ammonium. The brick-red double salt thus formed
was washed out with alcohol, then dried and powerfully healed. The ignited
residue weighed 0*4206 grms. It was treated with weak aqua regia, which left
undissolved 0*0110 grms. of Iridium and Rhodium = 2*42 p. c. (This is of
course only an approximate estimation of Iridium, etc.) This presence of
Rhodium and Palladium was also ascertained, but I did not make any quantita¬
tive estimations, because the quantity I had to dispose of was entirely too small
for the estimation of substances which can be separated only with the greatest
difficulty.

The filtrate from the double salts of Platinum, etc., precipitated by ammonia
gave 0*0432 grms. of sexqui-oxide of iron = 6*66 p. c. of iron.

The composition of this native Platinum is therefore

Platinum, (with Palladium) = 90*24

Iridium, (with Rhodium) = 2*42

Iron, = 6*66

Sisserskite, = 0*68

100*00

The Committee on a paper by Dr. P. R. Hoy, “ On new Species of
Owls/' reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Description of two species of Owls , presumed to be new , which inhabit the State of

Wisconsin.

By Philo R. Hoy, M. D., Racine, Wisconsin.

1. Nyctale Kirtlandii , nobis.

The smallest described species of this genus.

Male. Length 6j, ext. 16, tail extends to the tip of the folded wing. Head
and entire upper parts brown with a reddish gloss. Plumage around the base
of the tail and eyebrows white, immediately in front of the eye, intermingled

211

1852.]

with black bristles ; from the base of the lower mandible two short stripes of
white run downwards and backwards. Lores pitch black. Wings brown, infe¬
rior wing coverts, and edge of wing at flexure, white ; primaries with three or four
narrow spots of silky white on their outer margins, and all the quills with circu¬
lar spots of white on their inner webs. Tail brown, narrowly tipped with white
and crossed with two bands composed of spots of white, which are wanting on
the outer webs of the two lateral feathers. Throat and upper part of the breast
dark chesnut ; all the under parts bright reddish yellow, tarsi and toes thickly
covered with plumage of the same reddish yellow as the under parts. Bill and
claws black, irides golden yellow.

But two specimens of this bird have been taken to my knowledge ; the first was
captured Oct., 1821, and kept until winter when it made its escape; the second,
and the one from which the above description was taken, flew into an open shop,
July, 1852. It is strictly nocturnal, utters a low tremulous note, and is an active
and efficient mouser. It is different from any other species yet known to inhabit
North America, and appears to have some general resemblance in color to -ZV.
Harrisii , Cassin, but not sufficient to render it necessary to state their difference.

I have named this species as a slight tribute of respect to that zealous Natu¬
ralist, Prof. Jared P. Kirtland, of Cleveland, Ohio.

2. Bubo subarcticus , nobis.

A large light colored species. Tail crossed by five bands, wings with the third
primary longest, second shorter than the fourth, tooth or lobe of the upper man¬
dible remarkably developed.

Total length 24 inches, wing from flexure 17, tail 9^, and extends 3J beyond
the folded wings, tarsus 2J, bill over its convexity 1 5-12ths, egrets 3 inches.

Above white and fawn color, zig-zagged and barred with brown, scapulars
broadly marked on their outer webs with white. Tail bright fawn, crossed by
five bars of brown, outer webs of the exterior and tips white, two central feathers
colored similar to the back. Quills with seven bars of brown.

Beneath white ; on the breast, sides, and flanks, each feather crossed with bars
and narrow stripes of deep brown, forming on the breast a wide irregular band
of the latter color. Lower tail coverts white, each feather with a single narrow
band of brown.

Face greyish white, lores tipped with black, egrets with their outer webs and
tips black, inner webs white, bill dark horn color, lighter at the point, claws
black, irides yellow.

The specimen now described was shot in January, 1851, near this city, and
proved to be a female. I have seen two others which were precisely similar in
their markings to the present. This species does not agree in many essential
points with Richardson’s description of the Arctic horned Owl, nor dees it agree
either in color or anatomically with the common great horned owl, which is
very abundant here, and of which I have kept living specimens for more than a
year. Of the latter species I have seen some very dark colored specimens, which
are mostly, but not invariably, male birds.

Some of my reasons for considering the bird just described as distinct from the
common species, are as follows : It differs, 1. In color and markings. 2. In
measurements ; it has comparatively greater length of tail, and of wings. Ana¬
tomically ; the cranium of a specimen in my possession, shows a greater devel¬
opment of the posterior lobes of the brain and other differences, and a more dis¬
tinct tooth-like lobe of the upper mandible. 4. I have seen three specimens all
corresponding in every particular, and all occurring only in the depth of winter,
when the great Cinereous Owl, ( Syrnium cinereum,') the Hawk Owl, ( Surnia
funereal) and the Snowy Owl, (o'. nyctea,) were with us. My conclusion is,
therefore, that it is like these species, an inhabitant of the Arctic regions of this
continent, and one of the rarest of the winter visitants in the northern parts of
the United States, and in Wisconsin is much less common than either of the
three species mentioned.

The Committee to which had been referred Dr. WetherilFs paper
entitled “ An Analysis of the Cotton Plant and Seed,” &c., reported in

212

[December,

favor of the publication of the following abstract of the same in the
proceedings :

Analysis of the Cotton Plant and Seed.

By the late Thomas J. Summer, Esq. of South Carolina. Communicated by Dr*
Charles M. Wetherill.

In a communication on the analysis of the ash of a cotton stalk by Mr. Judd,
in the Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,
p. 219, surprise is expressed at the absence of published analyses of the
cotton plant, with the exception of one of the wood and another of the seed,
by Prof. Shepard. I owe it to the memory of my friend and classmate in
Giessen, the late Thomas J. Summer, Esq., to communicate the following analy¬
tical results arrived at by him while in the Giessen laboratory, and which have
not been published, that I am aware of, except in pamphlet form for circulation
among his friends :

Analysis of the Ash of the Cotton Plant.

The analysis was carried on in the usual manner — 6.181 grammes were di¬
gested with muriatic acid, and evaporated to dryness by the water bath. After
moistening with acid and adding water, the insoluble portion was separated,
which consisted of 0-621 sand and coal, and 0-403 silicia. The filtrate was di¬
vided into three equal parts. In the first, the iron, in combination with phos¬
phoric acid, lime and magnesia, was determined. In the second, sulphuric and
phosphoric acids. In the third, the alkalies.

The following are

the per centage results :

6-181 grammes

Percentage.

Potassa

_

1-365

-

22.08

Soda,

_

006

-

0.97

Lime,

Magnesia,

_

1-082

-

17.50

-

0-324

-

5-24

Oxide of iron,

_

0-444

-

7.18

Phosphoric acid,

-

0-849

-

13.73

Sulphuric acid,

-

0-081

-

1.31

Chloride of Sodium,

-

0-037

-

0.59

Silicia,

-

-

0.403

-

6.52

Carbonic acid, 1-066

, ash

gave

0-168

-

15.76

Sand and coal,

'

0-621

10.04

100.92

The Ash of the Seed.

The seeds were burned in a muffle ; only a slight red heat was necessary to
burn them perfectly white.

For estimating the amount of water 6.406 grammes of seed, dried at 212°,
lost 0-646, or ten per cent, water ; 6.587 of the dried seed left by incineration
in a platinum crucible, 0.237, or 3-6 per cent. ash. The qualitative analysis
showed the same constituents as in the ash of the plant, with the exception of
carbonic acid. The following are the analytical results :

Potassa, -

Soda, -------

Lime, -------

Magnesia, ------

Oxide of iron, ------

Phosphoric acid, -

Sulphuric acid, -

Coal, -------

Traces of Silica,

Loss and Cholorine, 5

Percentage.

27.82

2.75

10.88

10.61

3.43

35.43

3.19

1.05

4.84

100.00

1852.]

213

An inspection of the above analysis of the cotton seed shows that it abounds
in the phosphates and alkalies. Drs. Will and Fresenius, in their analysis of
the cereal grains, show that wheat also abounds largely in these constituents.
The following analysis, as above quoted, will enable the comparison to be

Red Wheat.

White Wheat.

Potassa,

20.80

30.17

Soda,

15.01

Lime,

Magnesia,

1.83

2.76

9.12

12.08

Oxide of iron, .

1.29

. 0.28

Phosphoric acid,

46.91

43.89

Silica,

0.15

Coal and sand,

4.89

9.03

100.00

100.00

These constituents being derived directly from the soil, plainfy indicate the
reasons why the land in the South is so readily exhausted. The crops extensively
cultivated there, all require, in a great measure, the same food from the soil ;
and hence, soils which will not produce cotton are alike incapable of producing
the cereal crops. The great benefit derived from the application of cotton seed
as a manure, to these crops, is accounted for from the same causes, in their
abundance of alkalies and phosphates. In connection with the assimilation of
alkaline phosphates by plants, the experiments of Dumas on the solution of
bones by water charged with carbonic acid, as detailed in a memoir “ on the
manner in which phosphate of lime enters organized beings,” (Comptes Rendus,
Nov. 30, 1846,) are interesting. He remarks that the phosphate of lime, though
insoluble in water, nevertheless penetrates through bones, and is deposited in
their structure, and that, on the other hand, bones are slowly disaggregated by
the soil and disappear after a time. This is owing, according to Dumas, to two
causes, the one, sal-ammoniac acting rarely and feebly, the other, carbonic acid,
acting constantly and rapidly. Plates of ivory introduced by Dumas into bot¬
tles of Seltzer water, were as much softened after twenty-four hours as if they
had been acted on by dilute muriatic acid ; and the Seltzer water was found
loaded with phosphate of lime. I would call attention to this property of car¬
bonic acid as satisfactorily explaining the assimilation of the phosphate of lime
by plants. The carbonic acid given off in the fermentation of the manure
greatly facilitates the solution of phosphate of lime when present as
bone ash.

It was a matter of surprise to Prof. Liebig that soils not furnished artifi¬
cially with the preponderating constituents of the cotton plant and seed, should
produce a crop abounding in the phosphates. This leads me to further investi¬
gation, and a rich field of research lies still unexplored in the analytical exam¬
ination of the cotton soils of the South and West.

Thomas J. Summer.

South Carolina , 1848.

It is indeed a matter of surprise that an article of such world-wide necessity
should have been hitherto so neglected by agricultural chemists, and indeed I
am not aware that we have even now an analysis in full of the ash of the whole
plant. The two best analyses are those of the stalk by Summer and Judd. The
analysis of the seed by Summer contains an error of loss and Chlorine = 4.84
p. c. The same analysis (of seed) by Shepard, gives an error of 1.68 p. c. of
loss, Carbonate of potassa, Sulphates of Lime and Magnesia, Alumina and
Sesquioxide of Iron ; and Shepard’s analyses are calculated with regard to the
composition of the ash itself, instead of giving the constituents separately,
which alone renders a comparison between different analyses possible, the com¬
position of ash varying according to the nature and quantity of its constituents,
and the degree of heat at which it is prepared. I have recalculated Summer’s

33

214

[December,

analysis of the stalk by Weber’s new analytical Tables ; want of data in the
seed analysis rendered its recalculation impossible. I have also recalculated
Summer’s analysis to the hundred parts, neglecting Sand, Coal and Silica ; and
having separated the salts in Shepard’s analysis, I recalculated the constituents
in the same manner. The following table will show the comparative nature of
the constituents of the ash of the plant, seed and wool, as analysed by Shepard,
Summer and Judd ; the defective analyses above mentioned considered as
approximative :

Constituents of the Ash of the
Cotton Plant.

Stalk.

Seed.

Wool.

Summer.

Judd.

Summer.

Shepard.

Shepard.

Potassa .

29*40

29*58

29*56

20*04

44*00

Soda

1*29

_

2*92

—

—

Zinc

23*30

24*34

11*56

27*84

22*43

Magnesia

6*97

3*73

11*27

0*13

4*45

Oxide of Iron .

9*56

_

_

_

—

Alumina .

_

__

_

—

1*94

Phos. Acid

18*28

34*92

37*65

48*92

19*63

Sulph. Acid .

1*74

3*54

3*39

1*24

1*84

Chloride Sodium

0*79

_

_

—

—

Silica

8*65

3*24

_

1*71

5.71

Chlorine

—

0*65

—

0*12

—

100.00

100*00

100*00

100*00

100*00

The Report of the Corresponding Secretary was read and adopted.
The Recording Secretary then read the following

ANNUAL REPORT.

From the 1st of January to the 1st of December, 1852, there have been elected
thirty-three Members and eight Correspondents ; four Members have died.

Besides numerous interesting minor and verbal communications, the following
have been presented, during the past year, and reported on for publication in the
Journal and Proceedings of the Academy.

By Audubon and Bachman. Description of a new North American Fox.

By Spencer F. Baird and Charles Girard, four, to wit: Characteristics of some
new Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, three papers ; Descrip¬
tions of a new species of Reptiles, collected by the United States Exploring Expe¬
dition.

By John L. Burtt, M. D. On the Influence of Sulphuretted Hydrogen, arising
from the bottom of the bay of Callao, on the fishes inhabiting its waters.

By Mr. John Ca^sin, two, to wit : Catalogue of the Halcyonidae in the Collection
of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia ; Descriptions of new species
of Birds, specimens of which are in the Collection of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia.

By Mr. T- Conrad, three, to wit : Description of the new Fossil shells of the
United States, (published in the Journal.) Remarks on the Tertiary Strata of
St. Domingo, and of Vicksburg, Miss.; Notes on shells with Descriptions of new
species.

By Mr. James D. Dana, three, to wit : Conspectus Crustaceorum quae in Orbis
Terrarum Circumnavigatione, Carolo Wilkes e Classe Reipublicae Faederatae
duce, lexit et descripsit J. D. Dana, three papers.

1852.]

215

By James C. Fisher, M. D. On the Aurora of February 19th, 1852.

By Henry A. Ford, M. D. Characteristics of the Troglodytes gorilla.

By Fiederick A. Genth, Ph. D., four, to wit : On some Minerals which accom¬
pany gold in California ; On Strontiano-Calcite, a new Mineral ; On Rodophyllite,
a new Mineral ; On a probably new Element with Irido.smine and Platinum,
from California.

By Mr. Charles Girard. Additions to a former paper on the North American
Astaci.

By Edward Hallowell, M. D., five, to wit: Descriptions of new species of
Reptiles from Western Africa ; Descriptions of new species of Reptiles inhabit¬
ing North America ; Descriptions of new species of Reptiles from Oregon Ter¬
ritory ; On a new genus and three new species of Reptiles, inhabiting North
America ; On a new genus and two new species of African Serpents.

By Adolphus L. Heermann, M. D. : Notes on the birds of California, (published
in the Journal.)

By P. R. Hoy, M. D. Descriptions of two species of Owls, presumed to be
new, inhabiting the State of Wisconsin during the winter season.

By the Rev. Lorenzo L. Langstroth. On the Impregnation of the eggs of the
Queen Bee.

By Mr. Isaac Lea, four, to wit: Description of a new species of Symphynote
Unio ; Description of a Fossil Saurian of the new Red Sandstone of Pennsyl¬
vania, with some account of the formation ; On some new Fossil Molluscs in the
Carboniferous slates of the Anthracite seams of the Wilkesbarre Coal Forma¬
tion ; Description of a new species of Eschara from the Eocene of Alabama.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D., fifteen, to wit: Notice of Fossil Dicotyles from
Missouri ; Notes on some Fossil Suiline Pachyderms from Illinois ; Hints towards
a natural classification of the Family Histrini of Coleopterous Insects ; Synopsis
of the Parnidae of the United States ; Synopsis of the Eucnemidae of temperate
North America ; On the difference between Primordial Races and Introduced
Races ; Remarks on some Coleopterous Insects collected by S. W. Woodhouse,
M. D., in Arkansas and New Mexico ; Synopsis of the Anthracites of the United
States ; Synopsis of the species of Pterosticus Bon. and allied genera, inhabiting
temperate North America, (published in the Journal.) Remarks on the Coccinel-
lidae of the United States ; Description of a new species of Trombidium ; Descrip¬
tion of a new species of Sciurus; Catalogue of the Melyrides of the United
States, with descriptions of a new species ; Synopsis of the Scydmenidae of the
United States ; An attempt at a synopsis of the genus Geomys, Raf.

By Joseph Leidy, M. D. On the Osteology of the Head of the Hippopotamus,
with a description of the Osteological Characters of a new Genus of Hippopota-
midse, (published in the Journal.)

By Col. George A. McCall, U. S. A. Description of a new species of Car-
podacus.

By David Dale Owen, M. D. Notice of a Mineral from California, probably
new.

By Mr. M. Tuomev. Description of some Fossil shells from the Tertiary of
the Southern States.

By Charles M. Wetherill, Ph, D., five, to wit : Examination of the Molybdate
of Lead from the Wheatley Mine, near Phoenixville, Pennsylvania ; Chemical in¬
vestigation of the Mexican Honey Ant ; Further examination of the Phoenixville
Molybdate of Lead ; Chemical examination of the Food of the Queen Bee ; An¬
alysis of the Cotton Plant and Seed, &c., by the late Thomas J. Summer, with
additions, by Charles M. Wetherill.

By S. W. Woodhouse, M. D., six, to wit : Descriptions of new species of Birds
of the Genera Yireo, Vieill., and Zonotrichia, Swainson; Description of a
new species of Ectopistes ; Description of a new species of Sciurus ; Descrip¬
tion of a new species of Numenius ; Descriptions of two new species of pouched
Rats ; Description of a new species of Struthus.

In all sixty-two papers.

216

[December,

In addition to the above, in accordance with a Resolution, adopted September
30th, 1851, Dr. Ruschenberger read on the evenings of February 3d and 10th,
an exceedingly interesting, accurate and elaborate “ Notice of the Origin, Pro¬
gress and present condition of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel¬
phia,” which was subsequently published by the Society.

In conclusion, the Recording Secretary congratulates his fellow members
upon the continued harmony, activity and prosperity of the Society. In no
former year has so large a number of communications been presented, the
number of members has been greatly increased, and the attendance at the
meetings full, while there has been displayed by those present, every evidence
of zealous desire to forward the cause of science, cherish the interests and
sustain the reputation of the Academy.

All of which is respectfully submitted by

B. Howard Rand, Recording Secretary.

Philadelphia , Dec. 28 th, 1852.

The Librarian presented the following

REPORT FOR 1852.

Since the 1st of January last, 1706 volumes, 889 periodicals, and 291 pam¬
phlets have been added to the Library. The character and variety of the ad¬
ditions, with the number of each under their respective heads, are shown in the
annexed table :

Subject.

Volumes.

Periodicals.

Pamphlets.

Subject.

j Volumes.

Periodicals.

Pamphlets.

Gen. Nat. History and Mam¬

Brought over ....

1380

887

344

malogy .

346

84

38

Voyages and Travels

104

3

3

Ornithology ....

41

51

15

History and Geography .

51

1

Herpetology ....

14

4

Phys. Science and Chemistry .

72

11

Ichthylogy .

33

13

Agriculture ....

15

4

Entomology and Helminthology

167

154

31

Medicine .

16

5

Conchology ....

29

33

16

Languages and Bibliography .

20

Botany .

46

25

6

Biography .

9

3

Geology and Mineralogy

169

46

73

Dictionaries of Arts and Sci¬

Anatomy and Physiology .

158

24

48

ences .

10

Proceedings, Journals, Annals,

Miscellaneous ....

29

20

Memoirs, &c. of Societies

377

470

—

—

—

—

Total

1706

889

291

Carried over .

1380

887

244

Charts .

11

Of the above, 57 have been received from Authors, 34 from Editors, 90 from
Societies, Corporations, &c., 834 from D. T. B. Wilson, 1767 from Edward
Wilson, Esq., 98 from other Members and Correspondents, and from miscella¬
neous sources, and 6 from the U. S. Government ; making a total of 2886 addi¬
tions to the Library in 1852.

From our fellow-member, Mr. Elias Durand, we have also received 109 auto¬
graphs of distinguished scientific and literary men.

The excess in the increase of volumes this year over that of the last is 631.
In 1851, the Library was increased 1075 volumes; in 1850, 1719 volumes; in
1849, 789 volumes ; in 1848, 652 volumes ; and in 1847, 630 volumes ; making a
total increase in six years of 6571. Many periodicals, also, in course of publi-
tion during these years, and recorded as such in our lists of donations to the
Library, have since been bound into volumes, the number of which may be esti¬
mated at about 700 ; and added to the above give a total of nearly 7300 volumes
contributed to the Society’s Library in that short period.

In the report submitted to the Academy in December, 1850, the number ot
volumes in the Library at that time, as ascertained by actual enumeration, was
12,057. If to these be added those since received, with the proportion of

1852.] 217

volumes of periodicals bound in that time, the number on our shelves at present
exceeds 15,000.

Nearly all the additions in the six years above referred to, have been gifts
from individuals or Societies, or in exchange for our own publications, very
little money having been expended.

The rich and costly collection which surrounds us, like that in our noble
Museum, affording instruction and delight not to ourselves alone, but to nume¬
rous inquirers after knowledge beyond our own limits, is therefore made up
almost entirely of spontaneous offerings, prompted by disinterested generosity
or a love for science. Let us not lose sight of this fact ; it cannot be too often
referred to, or too strongly impressed upon us. Every means in our power should
be employed to protect such valuable trusts from abuse and loss. The plausible
pretender to science, the inconsiderate idler and the pilferer, should find no
encouragement within these walls.

The present accommodations for the books have become too limited to admit
of their proper arrangement, or of easy access to them. For the last few
months inconvenience has been experienced to an annoying extent from some
of the cases being crowded to excess. Many plans have been suggested with
a view to remedy this evil, all of which, however, were of too temporary a
character to admit of adoption.

It is now, however, proposed to remove to the Hall above, as soon as appro¬
priate places can be prepared for them, the entire collections in Mineralogy,
Conchologv, Herpetology, &c., at present contained in the basement apartment
adjoining the Library, and to convert the latter into a library room. The area
of this apartment is nearly equal to that now occupied for library purposes, and
may be estimated to be sufficient to accommodate at least 10,000 additional
volumes. The basement of the building would then, with the exception of one
room, (which must be retained for the reception and unpacking of parcels, boxes,
&c.,) be occupied by the library, and the great advantage gained, which has
been so long desired, of keeping it isolated or distinct from the Museum.

The statement above presented is in every respect gratifying, and the Society
may be congratulated, as on every occasion like the present for the last few
years, on the rapid and steady advancement in this department — the most
important, perhaps, in the Institution — affording the best evidence of the favor
in which the latter is everywhere held, and the unceasing liberality of its
friends and supporters. The Academy of Natural Sciences may justly boast
that in this age of progress it has not been left behind. It is, and has been,
since its origin, with few exceptions, progressive ; partly owing, doubtless, to
its intrinsic merit, but mainly to a succession of advantageous circumstances
operating in its favor. Its benefactors have been open-handed to an extent
heretofore unknown in institutions of this nature in our country. The names
of Maclure and Wilson, especially, will never be mentioned without regard and
admiration. Through their instrumentality, in a great measure, the Institution
now rests upon a firm and solid basis ; its endurance will depend not merely
upon the intelligence, zeal and industry of those who succeed us here, but also
upon a proper appreciation by them of the true and legitimate objects of its
founders. No misgivings, however, need be entertained on this head. At no
period in its history have the prospects been more encouraging than at present,
of its high scientific reputation being fully maintained, and of its utility and
advantages to the community being generally recognised as a great centre for
the increase of knowledge.

Wm. S. Zantzinger, Librarian.

Hall of the Academy , Dec. 28, 1852.

The Annual Report of the Treasurer was read and referred to the
Auditors.

218

[December,

The report of the Curators was then read, as follows :

REPORT OF THE CURATORS FOR 1852.

Since the last annual report of the Curators was presented to the Academy,
very considerable additions have been made to its Museum, which, we are happy
to state, continues in a good state of preservation. Latterly the Cabinet has
sustained several losses by the abstraction of valuable specimens, but the circum¬
stance having excited the attention of the Curators, means have been resorted
to, which we hope will prevent further depredation.

During the year, the different departments of the Museum have received the
following donations :

Mammalia. — Of this class there have been presented the skins of 35 specimens
of 25 species, principally from Dr. D. Leasure, Drs. A. L. Heermann, E. K. Kane,
J. L. Le Conte, S. W. Woodhouse, Mr. J. D. Sergeant and Col. G. A. McCall.

Aves. — Of bird-skins 94 specimens of about 60 species have been received.
The principal donors are Drs. H. G. Dalton, E. K. Kane, A. A. Henderson, T.
Carlton Henry, W. S. W. Ruschenberger, Messrs. E. H. Kern, J. D. Sergeant, G,
N. Lawrence, J. Lambert, G. A. McCall. Part of the number formed the collec¬
tion made in Lieut. Lynch’s Expedition to the Dead Sea, and was presented by
order of the Secretary of the Navy.

Besides the above, numerous species have been deposited by Dr. Wilson, of
which no official record has been given to the Curators.

Of birds’ eggs, a large number of specimens of about 40 species, have been
presented by Messrs. John Krider, E. Wilson, and A. L. Heermann.

Reptilia. — Of this class 100 specimens have been presented, chiefly by Messrs.
H. A. Ford, A. L. Heermann, G. Watson, B. F. Shumard, J. Le Conte, G. W.
Fahnestock, G. A. McCall, J. Krider and E. Harris. The species are from
different parts of the world, and a number of them from Africa and the
western part of Nerth America, are new, and have been recently described in
the Proceedings of the Academy by Dr. Hallowell.

risces. — Of fishes 58 specimens of 35 species have been presented by Messrs.
G. W. Fahnestock, Edw. Wilson, A. A. Henderson, E. Harris, J. Le Conte and
T. Conrad. Among the number are several specimens of the curious Branchi-
ostoma.

Mollusca. — In this department the Cabinet has received an addition of
numerous specimens of 80 species of shells, chiefly from Messrs. Edw. Wilson.

S. Handy, J. Krider and J. L. Burtt.

Crustacea. — In this department we have reaped a rich harvest.

190 specimens of 54 species of British Crustacea were presented by Edward
Wilson, Esq.

282 species of 136 genera, from the collection of M. Guerin Meneville, have
been received from Dr. T. B. Wilson. This collection is particularly valuable,
on account of the great number of minute and rare species from all parts of the
globe, which it contains.

Besides the above, M. J. Yerreaux, of Paris, has presented 36 specimens
of 14 species, and 112 specimens of about 50 species were received from
Messrs. Edw. Wilson, S. Ashmead, J. Le Conte, and others.

Insecta. — 600 specimens of the various orders of insects have been presented
principally by Messrs. A. L. Heermann, H. G. Dalton, S. S. Haldeman.

Arachnida , Annelida and Myriapoda. — Of these 49 species have been received
from Messrs. Edward Wilson, R. H. Kern, R. E. Peterson, and others.

Zoophyta. — 178 specimens have been presented by Messrs. Edward Wilson,

T. B. Wilson, W. S. W. Ruschenberger, F. S. Holmes, and others.

Comparative Anatomy. — A magnificent skeleton of the Troglodytes gorilla.

Savage , was presented by Dr. Henry A. Ford, of Liberia, and a specimen

1852.]

219

believed to be unique, of the skeleton of Choerodes Liberiensis, Leidy , has been
received from Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Besides the foregoing, 49 crania of mammals, birds and reptiles, 17 skeletons
of birds, and 58 miscellaneous specimens have been presented by Messrs. J. Ver-
reaux, De la Berge, A. L. Heermann, G. P. Oliver, B. H. Coates, Amory Edwards,
W. Wood, A. Janney, and others.

Botany. — The herbarium has been increased by the addition of a number of
valuable specimens.

Major J. Le Conte presented his entire collection of North American plants,
made through the course of many years.

Other collections of Phaenerogamous plants have been presented by the Rev.
M. A. Curtis, of South Carolina, Dr. A. L. Heermann, Mr. R. H. Kern, and
Dr. Engelmann, of St. Louis.

Of fruits, lichens, marine algae, &c. we have received 96 specimens from
Messrs. S. Ashmead, G. W. Fahnestock, J. C. Trautwine, E. K. Kane, and
others.

Palaeontology. — An interesting collection of minute crag fossils of England ,
consisting of 41 species, was presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Dr. J. L. LeConte has presented the unique fossils upon which were esta¬
blished the Dicotyles depressifrons, D. cristatus, Procyon priscus, Protochcerus
prismaticus, and Anomodon Snyderi.

Dr. Isaac Hays presented an interesting specimen, upon which has been pro¬
posed the Tapirus Haysii.

Besides the above, 219 specimens of organic remains have been presented by
Messrs. D. D. Owen, Thomas Fisher, A. Jessup, R. Kilvington, C. Wistar, C.
H. Budd, J. L. Burtt, Leidy, Wetherill, H. W. Kennedy, Spackman, and others.

Mineralogy. — 83 specimens of minerals have been presented by Messrs. W.
D. Hartmann, S. Ashmead, W. S. Yaux, T. Fisher, C. M. Wheatley and J. L.
Burtt. Among the specimens is a beautiful piece of crystalline native copper,
one and a half feet in length, from Lake Superior, the donor of which is Mr.
B. A. Hoopes.

In conclusion, the Curators respectfully call upon the members to co-operate
in the endeavors now being made to raise a fund sufficient to increase the capa¬
city of the Museum to an extent demanded by its collections ; and they hope,
at the next annual meeting, to be able to report that ample space has been pro¬
vided for the accommodation of any future additions to the Cabinet.

Joseph Leidy, Chairman of the Curators.

The Committee on Proceedings presented the following
REPORT:

The “ Proceedings” of the Academy, the publication of which was commencec
more than ten years since, has increased gradually in importance, and now
commands respect abroad, from the value and diversity of its contents. It is
quoted by kindred journals, and seems to be regarded as authority.

The members of the Academy are respectfully invited to consider the value
of this publication.

To make widely known the labors of the members of the Academy is, in its
influence on the prosperity of the Institution, and on the increase of knowledge,
second only to those labors themselves. Discoveries in natural history are
valuable in proportion to the number of persons to whom they may be made
known. While a knowledge of new facts is limited to the discoverer and his
companions, science gains little and society is scarcely benefited by the toils of
research. It is not necessary to enlarge on this point ; every one is aware that

320 [December,

while sight and hearing' place external things in relation with ns, it is voice
which places us in relation with external things.

The Journal of the Proceedings, and the Journal of the Academy, are the
vocal organs, the voice of the Institution, through the medium of which all the
facts it acquires, and all the opinions it forms, are promulgated. These publi¬
cations are a sure means of making known the results of our investigations and
studies, and, consequently, our existence as a corporate body. Through them
alone the Academy is placed in communication with analogous Institutions at
distant points of our own country and in foreign lands. To these publications
the Academy is indebted for its reputation, a wide-spread appreciation of its
importance, and also for much of what is contained in the Library and in the
Museum.

While we refer with satisfaction to the quantity and quality of information
placed on record and printed in the Proceedings, and may be excused, perhaps,
for believing that this journal is not surpassed, if equalled, by any similar
publication in the United States, it may be well to disclose the fact that it does
not receive^ even from members of the Academy, all the substantial support
and encouragement which are necessary to its prosperity.

When it is known that the subscription price of a copy of the Proceedings
for one year is only one dollar, it is hoped this statement will be sufficient to
cause every member to contribute towards diminishing the charge upon the
Treasury, by becoming a subscriber himself, and by inducing others to subscribe
whenever proper opportunity offers.

The whole is submitted on behalf of the Committee on Proceedings,

W. S. W. Ruschenbergeb,

Hall of the Academy , Dec. 28, 1852.

Dr. Fisher, from the Committee on Mammalogy, reported that 123
skins of mammalia had been mounted and added to the collection,
at an expense of $289, which had been defrayed by the following
named members : Edward Harris, J. Price Wetherill, Charles D.
Meigs, John K. Mitchell, George W. Carpenter, William S. Yaux,
Joseph Carson, Jos. Pancoast, P. B. Goddard, Robert Pearsall, Wm. E.
Horner, Isaac Lea, Thomas D. Miitter, George B. Wood, Wm. Parker
Foulke, Charles Lennig, Thos. B. Wilson, W. S. W. Ruschenberger,
B. H. Coates, Samuel Ashmead, R. E. Peterson, R. Bridges, Jas. C.
Fisher.

Dr. Woodhouse requested that the following correction be published
in the Proceedings :

Having discovered that the specific name dorsalis , which I applied to
the squirrel brought by me from New Mexico, and which I described in
the Proceedings of the Academy for June last (page 110,) has already
been applied by J. E. Gray to one of the same genus, I propose now
to call it Sciurus Aberti, after Colonel J. J. Abert, chief of the corps
of Topographical Engineers, U. S. Army, to whose exertions science is
much indebted.

1852.]

221

The Academy then went into

an election for Officers for 1853 ; a

note from Mr. John Cassin having; been first read, declining a re-elec-

tion as Corresponding Secretary,
by the Chairman :

The following result was announced

President , -

George Ord.

Vice Presidents ,

J. Price Wetherill,

Robert Bridges, M.D.

Corresponding Secretary ,

John L. LeConte, M. D.

Recording Secretary,

- B. Howard Rand, M.D.

Librarian , -

Wm. S. Zantzinger,

Treasurer ,

* - George W. Carpenter.

Curators , -

Joseph Leidy, M.D.

William S. Yaux,

John Cassin,

Samuel Ashmead,

Auditors , -

Robert Pearsall,

A. L. Elwyn,

James C. Fisher.

Publication Committee , -

William S. Vaux,

Robert Bridges,

Thomas B. Wilson,

Isaac Lea,

W. S. W. Ruschenberger.

ELECTION.

John D. White, M. D., of Philadelphia, was elected a Member of the
Academy.

34

1853.]

January 4 th, 1853.

Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Hon. J. P. Kennedy, Secretary of the
Navy, dated Navy Department, Washington, Dec. 25th, 1852, acknow¬
ledging the receipt of a copy of the Preamble and Resolutions adopted
by the Academy on the 14th of that mouth, approving the recom¬
mendations and suggestions contained in his recent report to the Presi¬
dent, and his efforts for “the encouragement of missions tending to pro¬
mote scientific researches in our own and other countries.”

The Secretary also expresses to the Academy “ his peculiar pleasure
in taking advantage of the opportunity to signalize, by an official com¬
mendation, the meritorious labors of their fellow member Dr. Kane, and
to enable him, with such aid as he could bestow, once more to embark
upon a sea of adventure, in which his philanthropy and love of science
have already won him equal and imperishable honor : and also trusted,
that with the support of the Academy, and the countenance of the Go¬
vernment, he would return, after his second Expedition to the Arctic
Circle, with new claims to the congratulations of his friends, and the
applause of his country.”

. A letter was read from Mr. J. P. Lapham, dated Milwaukee, Wis¬
consin, Dec. 16, 1852, offering to exchange specimens of objects of
Natural History for copies of the Journal and Proceedings. Referred
to the Publication Committee and the Curators, with power to act.

January 1 1th.

Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair.

A communication was read from the Geological Society of London,
dated Nov. 4th, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of late numbers of the
Proceedings.

A communication was also read from Prof. Frazer, Chairman of a
Committee appointed by the American Philosophical Society, “ to act
in concert with Dr. Kane, and such societies as have determined to act
in concert with him, in carrying out the scientific objects of the pro¬
jected Arctic Expedition,” dated 30th Dec., 1852, expressing the desire
of the Committee to give their assistance in any plan for forwarding the
objects of the Expedition, which the Academy might think proper to
suggest. Referred to the Committee previously appointed on this sub¬
ject.

Dr. Le Conte read a paper intended for publication in the Proceedings
of the Academy, entitled “ Descriptions of twenty new species of Cole-
optera inhabiting the United States;” which was referred to Dr. Zant-
zinger, Dr. Pickering and Dr. Leidy.

Dr. Woodhouse presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,

PUOCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA. - VOL. VI. NO. VII. 36

224

[January,

describing a new species of pouched Rat, of the genus Dipodomys, Gray;
which was referred to Dr. Bridges, Dr. Le Conte and Mr. Cassin.

Dr. Le Conte offered some remarks on the genus Dipodomys, and stated that
he had recently been investigating the specimens of that interesting genus in
the Collection of the Academy, and had come to the conclusion that it contained
several species besides those already known. The fortunate arrival of an un¬
doubted specimen of D. Phillipii (Gray) from California, and which, by the
liberality of Dr. Heermann, is now in the possession of the Academy, has
enabled him to complete the study of this genus, and the results will soon be
made known to the Academy in a monograph, now in preparation by himself,
on the North American Myoxina.

He exhibited to the members five species of Dipodomys, and pointed out their
specific characters, which are to be found in the length and color of the tail, and
in the form of the antitragus of the ears. In other respects, both in form and
color, the species resemble each other very closely. These differences, he
stated, could not be the result of age, as .the specimens, with one exception,
were full grown ; he stated, moreover, that the specific differences were similar
to those found in the genus Myoxus, to. which, by the form of the scull, and by
the absence of the postorbital process, the genera Dipodomys and Perognathus
show the closest resemblance. With the group of Dipoda, in which the former
genus is placed by European systematists, these genera have no relation. The
five species known to him may be thus grouped.

A. Tail much longer than the head and body, furnished towards the tip with
a brush of long hairs ; antitragus short, broad and very distinct.

1. D. Phillipii Gray, Anri, and Mag. Nat. Hist. 7, 522: Audubon,
Quadr. of America, pi. 130: Wagner, Schreber’s Saugeth: Suppl. 3, 295. Schintz,
Syn. Mam. 2, 93.

Tail brown, with a whitish vitta each side ; outer third dark blackish brown ;
tip pure white. Sacramento Valley; Dr. Heermann.

2. D. agilis Gambel, Proceedings Acad. Nat. Sc., 4, 77.

Tail brownish, with an indistinct whitish vitta each side; outer third to tip
nearly uniform pale brown. San Diego ; Dr. John L. Le Conte.

B. Tail as long as the head and body ; hair at the tip scarcely longer ; anti¬
tragus very short, indistinct.

3. D. H e e r m a n n i . Tail brown, becoming black towards the extremity,
with a broad white vitta each side ; tip pure black. Sierra Nevada; Dr. Heer¬
mann. (Specimen not quite adult.)

C. Tail shorter than the body; hairs on the outer third very long ; ears mode¬
rately small ; antitragus obsolete.

4. D. Ordii Woodhouse. Tail brownish, with a broad white vitta each
side ; long terminal hairs pale brown, white at the base. El Paso, Texas ; Dr.
Woodhouse.

Of the fifth species there is a single specimen labelled “ James Read, South
Carolina ;” this locality seems doubtful, as all the other species are from the
western part of the continent. It seems to belong to the first division, although,
as the outer portion of the tail is wanting, we cannot be certain of that fact.
The length, however, of the individual caudal vertebrae, indicates a tail similar
to that of D. agilis, with which it agrees in color. The ears are somewhat
larger than in that species, and the antitragus is large, broad and obtusely
rounded at its summit. For this species the name D. Wagneriis proposed.

Of Perognathus there are now three species known.

1. P. fasciatus Wied, Nova Act. Leopold Car. Acad. 19, 369, tab. 34 ;
Wagner, Schreber’s Saugeth. Suppl., 3,612; Schintz, Syn. Mam., 2, 259. Mis¬
souri Territory.

1853 ]

225

2. P. penicillatus Woodhouse. Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc., 6, 200. New
Mexico.

3. P. parvus Lee. Cricetodipus parvus Peale. U. S. Exp. Exp. Mam.,
p. 53, pi. 13, fig. 2.

A specimen procured by me in the Desert of the Colorado of Southern Cali¬
fornia, differs only from Peale’s original specimen from Oregon in having the
whiskers partly black ; it is apparently a more adult specimen, though not
larger than the one in the Exp. Exp. Collection. An error occurs in Peale’s
description and measurement, where the tail is stated to be longer than the body;
it is in reality a little shorter than the head and body, reaching just in front of
the ears, when laid along the back.

Dr. Charles M. Wetherill presented to the notice of the Society speci¬
mens of fused Asphalte from Hillsboro', New Brunswick, which variety
of Asphalte he had characterized as Melan- Asphalt, in a paper read be¬
fore the American Philosophical Society in July last. Dr. W. remarked
that Chemists, who had pronounced this variety of Asphalt infusible,
had not properly experimented with it. He had recently fused it in a
Herman flask; it flowed with a level surface and was poured out, after
which it hardened. It is remarkably electric both before and after
fusion.

January 18 th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution,
dated Washington, Dec. 20, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of late
numbers of the Proceedings.

Dr. Hallowell read a paper intended for publication in the Proceed¬
ings, u On some new Reptiles from California which was referred to
Dr. Ruschenberger, Dr. Heermann and Dr. Woodhouse.

Dr. Le Conte called the attention of the members to a description,
with a plate, by Wesmael, of the Mexican Ant, in the Bulletin de
l’Acad. Royale de Bruxelles. Wesmael considers the characteristics
sufficiently well marked to form a new sub-genus, Myrmecocystis.

Dr. Bridges, on behalf of the Publication Committee, announced the
publication of Part 3, Vol. 2, New Series of the Journal.

Dr. Kane asked that an estimate be made of the expense, &c. of ma¬
terials necessary for the preservation of objects of Natural History in
the proposed Arctic Expedition. Referred to the Committee previously
appointed to confer with Dr. Kane.

January 25 th .

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee on Dr. Le Conte’s paper, describing new Coleoptera
of the United States, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

226

[January,

Descriptions of Twenty new species of Coleoptera inhabiting the United States.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

The following are a few remarkable species of families which are so small as
not to be of sufficient importance for a special essay, or else they belong to
groups which, having already furnished material for synopses or monographs,
are not sufficiently increased to need revision. Some new genera are proposed,
the affinities of which, so far as made out, will be detailed below ; the names of
the families to which the new genera belong are appended to each. Species in¬
dicated from the Mexican Boundary, were collected by Mr. J. H. Clark, under
Col. J. D. Graham, and were kindly communicated to me by my friend Dr. S. F.
Baird.

Anisomera Brulle. (Dytiscidre.)

Palpi cylindrici, labiales articulo penultimo longiore ; prosternum non eom-
presso carinatum, postice productum ; tarsi anteriores filiformes articulo ultimo
elongato, postici parce ciliati, articulis lmo 5toque elongatis, unguiculis binis
aequalibus mobilibus.

Having several specimens of a species of this interesting genus from New
Mexico, I am able to complete the description of Brulle and Aube, which were
taken from a specimen deprived of its posterior feet. These organs are slender;
the tibiae are slightly ciliated internally with long hairs, and armed at the tip
with two slender, subequal spurs ; the posterior tarsi are not longer than the
tibiae, slightly compressed and sparsely ciliated ; the first joint is as long as the
second and third ; the 2d, 3d and 4th are nearly equal ; the 5th is a little shorter
than the 3d and 4th, not narrowed towards the extremity ; the claws are equal
and moveable In the male, the first three joints of the anterior and middle
tarsi are sl'ghtly dilated, and furnished beneath with feathery papillae, very
much as in Platynus. The posterior tibiae of the female are scarcely ciliate.

This genus appears quite as closely allied to Agabus and Copelatus as they
are to each other. The form of the thorax would indicate, however, that it
must be received as a distinct genus, but the characters, on close examination,
appear to be of little value ; the best differences are found in the elongation of
the last joint of the anterior and middle tarsi, the smaller size of the spurs of
the posterior tibiae, and the more regular form of the posterior tarsi, which are
not attenuated at the apex. The middle lobe of the mentum in the species here
described is broad, short, and very obsoletely sinuated, while the mentum of
Anisomera is described as having the middle lobe slightly prominent in the
middle; this character must be re-examined with other specimens, as, if it be
correctly described, the present species cannot be associated with the type of
the genus; the prosternum is less compressed than in Copelatus. Agabus is
described as having the prosternum strongly compressed and carinate; this
structure is found in A. tan iatus Aube , and many others, but is hardly to be
observed in A. s t r i a t u s Aube. I would also observe that Agabus a n-
gustus Lee. (Agassiz. Lake Sup., 213) by having the thorax much rounded
before, and nearly parallel behind the middle, shows a tendency towards the
peculiar form seen in Anisomera.

A. cordata, supra aeneo-picea, elongato-ovalis, depressa, subtilissime re¬
ticulata, thorace brevi, postice angustato, et lateribus sinuato, elytris thorace
vix latioribus, postice non dilatatis ; subtus nigra, ore antennis pedibusque ru-
bro-piceis. Long *45.

Santa Fe, New Mexico. Mr. Fendler. Varies, with black feet ; the sides of the
thorax are strongly rounded in front, and subsinuate behind ; the base is as
wide as the ap?x, the anterior dilatation being produced by the curvature of the
sides ; the anterior angles are acute, the posterior angles rectangular. The
elytra are very little wider than the widest part of the thorax, regularly elongate,
elliptical, with the usual series of punctures becoming irregular towards the tip.

18^.]

Amphizoa Lee. (Fam. nova?)

Pedes ambulatorii, tarsi pentameri, articulo ultimo valde elongato ; antennae
11-articulatae, liliforrnes, glabrae; palpi breves cylindrici; maxillae lobo interiore
arcuato acuto, exteriore biarticulato, palpiformi ; prosternum postiee productum,
obtusum; coxae antic® et intermediae parvae, globosae, p-tsticae transversae ad mar-
ginem corporis extensae ; abdomen (j-articulatum, articulis 3 primis connatis.

After repeated comparisons with genera of all the families to which this in¬
sect seems allied, it has been found impossible to place it in any of the pre¬
viously established groups. A full discussion of the comparative value of the
characters offered by it, would involve an examination of the fundamental prin¬
ciples of classification of the terrestrial and aquatic predacious beetles ; the ma¬
terial for such a discussion is not yet available in this country, and it must
therefore be postponed to a future occasion. For the present, a few observations,
on some heretofore neglected relations existing between those families, will be
sufficient to indicate the position of Amphizoa.

A large series of pentamerous, carniverous Coleoptera, may be characterized
as having the antennae neither clavate nor lamellate, but usually filiform, and
the prothorax with distinct epimera and episterna; the anterior coxae small, not
prominent, usually globular; the trochanters always simple; the anterior seg¬
ments of the abdomen connate. This series may be divided into two great groups.

I. In the first the anterior coxa? are contained in the prosternum alone ; the
posterior coxae do not extend to the margin of the body, so that the first ventral
segment of the abdomen reaches the parapleurae, and articulates with them.
(The antennae are always regular, the basal joints glabrous, the outer ones
pubescent; the anterior coxae always globular.) This group consists of the
Cicindelid® and Carabidae.

II. In the second, the anterior coxae are received between the pro and mesos-
ternum, the posterior portion of the acetabulum being composed of the latter;
the posterior coxae extend to the margin of the body, so that the connection
between the parapleurae and first ventral segment of the abdomen is entirely
cut off. This group is composed of the aquatic families Haliplid®, Dytiscidae,
and Gyrinidae.

Recurring now to the second group, it will be found that Amphizoa agrees
with it in the glabrous antennae, and in the form of the head, labrum, maxillae
and m^ntum ; the latter is large, deeply emarginate, with the lateral lobes
rounded; in the middle of the emargination is a broad, short, blunt tooth. The
ligula is large, filling the emargination of the chin, truncate at tip, and promi¬
nent along the middle and apex, so as to present a form like the letter T. The
maxill® are of the ordinary form seen in Carabidae, but the inner lobe is not
ciliated. The prosternum is not elevated, it is not lobed in front, but poste¬
riorly is produced in an obtuse spatula-like process, fitting into the mesoster-
iium, which is excavated through its entire length ; the anterior coxae are mode¬
rately distant, small and round. The episterna are divided by an oblique suture
from the hurnerus to the middle coxae. The parapleurae are slightly triangular,
not appendiculate, and entirely separated from the ventral portion of the abdo¬
men by the posterior coxae, "which are transverse, flat externally, slightly
elevated and diverging at the insertion of the leg, as in Carabidae ; the diverg¬
ing lobes are obtusely rounded, but not so much elevated as to allow the freedom
of motion observed in Dytiscidae. The legs are not at all compressed ; the femora
and tibiae are slender and finely scabrous, with elevated points, the terminal
spurs of the tibiae are small ; the tarsi are three-fourths as long as the tibiae,
filiform, glabrous, scarcely rouuh or pubescent beneath ; the first four joints are
equal, the last joint is equal to the three preceding united ; the claws are mode¬
rate, equal and simple.

It will be found in comparing these characters with those of Dytiscus, that
the only important differences are in the form of the feet, and in the smaller
size of the posterior coxae. Now, although the Dytiscidae and Haliplidae, which
are certainly closely related, agree in having natatorial feet, they differ greatly
in the modification of form, those of Haliplus being much nearer the terrestrial,

228

[January,

or ambulatorial type. The posterior coxae also differ greatly in the two fami¬
lies, those of Haliplus being dilated into a broad plate, under which the poste¬
rior legs can be withdrawn. We must, therefore, conclude that the differences
between Amphizoa and the two families just mentioned, are not of greater
value than the differences between those two families themselves.

The other relations of this insect from the form of the tarsi, wrould appear to
be slightly towards Parnus. The roughness of the surface above and below is
of a peculiar nature, and resembles very much what is found in certain Bupres-
tidae ; in fact, from the general appearance of the insect, it would at first sight
be supposed to have some affinity to the broad Madagascar Buprestidae forming
the genus Polybothris. Of its habits nothing is known.

I would therefore divide the group now under consideration into four families,
thus :

A. Mesosternum parvum; (antennae filiformes, oculi duo, coxae intermediae
globosae.)

1. Pedes ambulatorii, tenues, coxae posticae transversae, mediocres. Amphizoidje.

2. Pedes subnatatorii, tenues, coxae posticae magnae laminatae. Haliplid.e.

3. Pedes postici natatorii, compressi, coxae posticae magnae, sim-

plices. Dytiscid,e.

B. Mesosternum maximum ; (antennae breves, perfoliatae, oculi quatuor.)

4. Pedes posteriores natatorii, valde compressi, coxce intermediae

triangulares planae. GyrinidvE.

Having now ascertained as far as practicable the position of Amphizoa, we
may proceed to the specific description of the only species yet obtained.

A. in s ol e n s, atra, opaca, subvirescens, glabra, thorace scabro, canalieu-
lato, antrorsum angustato, lateribus subserratis, ad medium subangulatis,
postice subangustato, angulis posticis acutis, elytris ovalibus, substriatis,
scabro-punctatis, thorace duplo latioribus. Long. *52.

Sacramento, California, collected by Mr. J. Childs, and given me by Mr.
Rathvon. Color dull black, slightly tinged with greenish, without lustre. Head
irregularly rugous and punctulate, with two- shallow impressions between the
antennae. Labrum covering the obtuse mandibles, slightly and broadly emar-
ginate in front. Thorax twice as wide as the head, flat, scabrous ; sides sub-
serrate, strongly narrowed from the middle to the apex, slightly narrowed and
subsinuate posteriorly ; base very broadly bisinuate, posterior angles acute ;
disc channeled, with a shallow impression each side at the base, and a broad
transverse one before the middle. Elytra broadly oval, slightly convex, nearly
twice as wide as the thorax, scarcely one half longer than wide, scabrous with
shallow punctures, striate with nine slightly impressed grooves, which appear
coarsely and indistinctly punctured. Scutellum flat, broad, acute at apex.
Under surface of the body covered with shallow confluent punctures and
wrinkles. Legs scabrous writh fine elevated punctures. No sexual difference
observed in five specimens examined.

Stenocolus Lee. (Atopidce.)

Tarsi elongati tenues, unguibus simplicibus, paranychio bisetoso ; caput
clypeo distincto, antice membranaceo ; mandibulae apice integra; ; antennae
elongatae, serratae, articulo 2ndo minuto ; palpi maxillares breviusculi cylindrici.

This genus resembles in its characters Anchytarsus Guerin , but differs in
having a distinct transverse suture each side between the antennae ; in the
middle this suture is not obvious, but the front is slightly elevated, so that the
suture appears slightly sinuous ; the anterior part of the clypeus is membra¬
neous; the labrum is transverse and rounded ; the eyes are round, the proster¬
num projects posteriorly, and the mesosternum is concave ; the tarsi are long
and slender, the first four joints are very slightly pubescent beneath, and
the first joint is a little elongated ; the last joint is as long as the three pre¬
ceding united. The claws are moderate and simple ; the intermediate appen¬
dage is small and terminates in two bristles.

1853.]

229

The Atopidae seem by this genus and Anchytarsus to show a slight affinity
towards the Parnidae, through the anomalous genus Eurypalpus Lee. (Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 41.)

S. scutellaris, elongato-oblongus, piceus, fusco pruinosus, thorace punc-
tato, antrorsum angustato, basi bisinuato, angulis posticis acutis, elytris scabro-
punctatis, scutello albo pubescente. Long. *55 — 87.

One pair, Sacramento, California, from Mr. Rathvon. Body elongate, nar¬
rowed at each end, sides parallel at the middle, piceous, covered with very short
depressed, dirt colored pubescence. Antennae black, strongly serrate in the
male, slightly serrate in the female. Thorax nearly three times as wide as the
head, nearly twice as wide as long, strongly narrowed in front, sides at the
middle almost angulated, then slightly concave to the posterior angles, which
are acute ; base Insinuate ; surface finely punctured, broadly concave along the
margin behind the middle, and broadly transversely impressed at the base.
Scutellum round, covered with dense white hair. Elytra scabrous with shallow,
punctures, spaces between the punctures finely punctulate ; the elevated lines,
which may be traced in allied genera are slightly visible. Body beneath more
densely pruinose with short cinereous hair.

The other species of this family known to inhabit the United States are :

1. Anchytarsus b i c o 1 © r. Atopa bicolor ! Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2,
221. Anehytursux ater Guerin Icon. Anim. Artie., No. 15, (Jan. 1849.) Penn¬
sylvania, S. S. Haldeman.

2. Odontonyx o r n a t a Guerin, loc. cit. No. 14. Atopa ornata ! Mels. Pr.
Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 220. Pennsylvania, not rare.

3. Dascillus melanophthalmus Guerin, loc. cit. No. 13, p. 6. I
have not seen this species, but learn from my father that it occurs in Georgia.
Atopa fusca Mds. (Proc. Acad. 2, 221) is, as Guerin has already observed, a
Ptilodactyla, and therefore cannot be placed in this family.

The singular genus Zenoa Say (Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 153,) differs from
the genera above cited, by its immarginate thorax, prominent mandibles, sub-
pectinate antennae, and elongate densely hairy paranychia ; these characters
approximate it to Sandalus (female) ; from the Rhipiceridae, however, it differs
in having the anterior coxae more deeply imbedded between the pro- and meso-
sternum, and also in the absence of lobes on the under surface of the tarsi ; in the
Atopidae we know already that the latter is a variable character, and there
appears to me no good reason why the two families, Atopidae and Rhipiciderae
should not be merged together. The synonymy of the only species of Zenoa
known to me is :

Z. p i c e a Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. New Ser. 1, 89. Melasis picea Beau-
vois, Ins. 7, tab. 7, fig. 1. Sandalus {Zenoa) picea Say, Bost. Journ. Nat.
Hist. 1, 152. Zenoa vulnerata Lee. loc. cit.

Middle and Western States : the last synonym belongs to a variety with the
thorax partly red.

Cerophytum is usually placed in the vicinity of these genera, and has been
bandied about between Eucnemides, Rhipiceridae and Cebrionidae; it must,
however, belong to the latter family. The great development of the trochanters
entirely separates the femora from the coxae ; the same structure is to be found
in Cebrio bicolor, although the trochanters are not so long ; the indistinct
labrum and globular anterior coxae also place it with Cebrio, while the whole
form of the head, as well as the general appearance, would separate it from the
Eucnemides, which, as I have already observed,* should be considered as a
group of Elateridae. The small mandibles and lobed tarsi are certainly very
different from those of Cebrio, but we know that the latter character is merely
of generic value in both Elateridae and Atopidae. The description of Haldeman
is incorrect as regards the posterior feet, in which the coxa are said to be very

Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 6, 45.

230 [January,

long, while in reality the trochanter is meant. The bibliography of our species
is as follows :

C. pulsator Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 348. Chorda pnlsator Hald.
ibid. 3, 150.

For the typical female I am indebted to the liberality of Mr. Ilaldeman ; and
for a fine male, found in Ohio, to Dr. Schaum.

Chauliognathus Hentz .

1. C. discus, luteus, antennis pedibus pectoreque medio nigris, thorace
elliptico longiusculo, lateribus reflexis. Long. *6.

Several specimens, from the Mexican Boundary, Prof. Baird ; collected by
Mr. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham. Body elongate, parallel, very finely
pubescent, luteous yellow ; antennae black, 3d joint nearly equal to the 4th ;
head elongate, palpi and mandibles black ; occiput sometimes fuscous ; thorax
nearly twice as wide as the head, longer than wide, apex very much rounded,
slightly reflexed, base less rounded, margined, sides strongly reflexed, disc
scarcely uneven, shining, sometimes with a black spot on the little protuberance
each side of the middle; elytra opaque, coarsely punctured with two faint ele¬
vated lines ; sometimes each is marked with a black dot at the posterior third.
Beneath luteous, middle of the pectus and feet black ; trochanters testaceous ;
anal segment of the male fuscous.

2. C. s c ut e 1 1 a r i s, elongatus, niger, thorace luteo maculis 2 nigris conflu-
entibus notato, apice rotundato, lateribus reflexo, elytris luteis macula com-
muni scutellari posticaque utrinque nigris, abdomine luteo. Long. *48.

Several males from the same locality as the preceding. Body slender, black,
finely pubescent ; head moderately elongated, third joint of the antennae one
half as long as the 4th; thorax a little longer than wide, rounded at the apex,
reflexed at the sides, margined and slightly sinuate at base, disc uneven, with¬
out lustre, yellow, with two large confluent black spots. Elytra without lustre,
coarsely punctured, yellow, with a large common triangular spot at the base,
and another elongate one on each behind the middle, black. Abdomen yellow.

Collops Erickson.

C. balteatus, niger, breviter nigro-pilosellus, brevissime argenteo pu-
bescens, capite antice, thoracis subtiliter punctulati limbo loto, antennarumque
basi rufis, elytris punctatissimis rufis basi maculaque postica maxima cyaneis.
Long. *31

Two specimens from Tampico (Mexico), Lieut. H. Haldeman ; and one from
the Mexican Boundary, collected by Mr. Clark. This is the largest species I
have seen. Head black, front mouth and base of antennae rufous. Thorax very
finely punctured, one half wider than long, rounded, rufous, with a large hexa¬
gonal black spot, which/is a little emarginate before and behind. Elytra wider
than the thorax, very densely punctured, rufous with four blue spots, which are
so large that only a narrow sutural lateral and apical margin and a transverse
band before the middle remain reddish yellow. Beneath black, with the ante-
pectus, and margins of the abdominal segments testaceous. Feet black; knees
obsoletely rufous.

The outer joints of the antennae of the male are dark colored, though not
black as in the female.

Clerus Geoffr.

C. Spinolae, niger, pilosus, elytris convexiusculis, rugose punctulatis, coc-
cineis macula humerali fasciaque ad trientem secundum nigris, abdomine san-
guineo. Long *38 — *52.

Several specimens from the Mexican Boundary. Body black, hairy. Head
finely but not densely punctured, first joint of antenna? red beneath. Thorax
wider than the head, punctulate, moderately convex, broadly and deeply im¬
pressed anteriorly. Elytra more than one half wider than the head, moderately
convex, densely rugosely punctulate, pubescent with fine yellow hairs, with a

1853.]

231

few black bristles intermixed ; color bright scarlet, with a black humeral spot,
and a black band at the second third of their length, which almost reaches the
side and the suture, leaving only the extreme bead of the margins red. Beneath
black, abdomen sanguineous.

The posterior band of the elytra is sometimes narrow and more widely inter¬
rupted at the suture ; the elytra are sometimes orange-colored, rather than
scarlet.

This very beautiful species is dedicated to the Marquis Max. de Spinola,
author of the finely illustrated “ Essai Monographique sur les Clerites.”

TosTEGorTERA Edwards.

T. cribrosa, brevis, inflata, purpureo-picea, supra glabra (?), thorace vario-
loso, antice medio paulo deplanato, elytris subreticulatis, longitudinaliter
obsolete sulcatis. Long. .’6:3.

Two females from the Mexican Boundary, collected as above. The genus
was founded by M. Milne-Edwards in the “ Catalogue de la Collection Entomo-
logique du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris,” p. 149, upon Melolontha
lanceolate Say, (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3,242), with which this species agrees
in form and structure, but differs remarkably by the coarse sculpture of the
upper surface, and by the absence of all pubescence or scaly appendages. The
latter may have been removed by the alcohol in which the specimens were pre¬
served, but on very careful examination no trace of them could be found. The
body beneath is shining, sparsely and finely punctured, with a short hair pro¬
ceeding from each puncture.

(A male seen in the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, differed in having
the body more regularly oval, less convex, and not inflated posteriorly.)

Cremastochilus Knock.

1. C. Schaumii, ater, opacus, breviter setosus, thorace confertim punctato,
lateribus rotundato, angulis anticis foveatis, posticis acutis subelevatis, elytris
punctis ellipticis minus profundis, mento modice concavo, postice subacuto.
Long. *6.

San Diego and Sta Isabel, California. Black, almost without lustre. Head
finely scabrous ; mentum shallow, moderately concave, rounded in front, ob¬
liquely narrowed behind, so as to be slightly angulated posteriorly. Thorax
one half wider than long, narrowed in front, rounded on the sides ; disc tolerably
densely, not deeply punctured, with short bristles from the punctures; anterior
angles foveate internally, posterior angles acute, scarcely elevated ; base
bisinuate, faintly impressed each side. Elytra flattened, not uneven, sparsely
punctured with large elliptical shallow foveae, from which proceed short
bristles.

This species is larger than C. canaliculatus Kirby , and is very different
in the form of the mentum and thorax, and in the less distinct punctuation of
the head. There is not a trace of emargination at the posterior part of the
mentum ; the anterior angles of the thorax appear to be more deeply foveate in
the male than in the female. The excellent labors of Dr. Schaum in the pre¬
sent tribe are well known to every entomologist.

2. C. K n o ch ii, ater, subnitidus, glaber, thorace parce varioloso canalicu-
lato, lateribus rotundatis, angulis anticis foveatis, posticis elevatis nitidis, basi
utrinque impresso, elytris inaequalibus, punctis ellipticis minus profundis, mento
modice concavo, postice acuto. Long. *45.

Missouri Territory. Black, with but little lustre. Head densely punctured,
mentum shallow, moderately concave, rounded in front, obliquely narrowed
behind, so as to form an angle posteriorly. Thorax almost one half wider than
long, channelled, narrowed in front, rounded on the sides ; disc sparsely punc¬
tured, punctures large and shallow ; anterior angles with a small fovea, pos¬
terior acute, shining, moderately elevated, base scarcely sinuate, with a broad
moderately deep impression each side. Elytra flattened, with indications of
two broad grooves on each side ; surface somewhat irregular, impressed with

37

232

[January,

large shallow elliptical punctures. This and the preceding seem related to C.
mexicanus Schaum (Germ. Zeitschr. 3, 256 ; Am. Ent. Fr. 2d ser. 2, pi. 11,
fig. 8), but the posterior angles are not tuberculate.

Two specimens of this species were found by me on the Arkansas River, near
the Rocky Mountains ; one of them is now in the collection of Dr. Schaum.
Descriptions of this and the next species were furnished by me four years ago
to Mr. Westwood, for an anticipated monograph of Cremastochilus, which, how¬
ever, although quoted in Schaum’s Catalogue of Cetoniae, appears not to have
been published ; and therefore considering them as interesting additions to our
fauna, I take the present opportunity of making them known.

3. C. n i t e n s, nigro-castaneus, nitidus, breviter setosus, thorace parce vario-
loso, antrorsum valde angustato, basi subito constricto, angulis posticis auricu-
latis, anticis foveatis, elytris inaequalibus sat dense punctatis, mento valde
concavo, rhomboideo. Long. *43.

Missouri Territory. Brownish black, shining. Head strongly scabrous ;
mentum deeply concave, subrhomboidal, anteriorly broadly rounded, lateral and
posterior angles distinct. Thorax one half wider than long, strongly narrowed
in front, rounded on the sides, very strongly constricted near the base, so that
the base is not wider than the apex; surface sparsely and deeply punctured,
with very short yellow bristles proceeding from the punctures ; anterior angles
not acute, deeply foveate, posterior angles forming a round shining tubercle,
separated by a deep cut from the body of the thorax ; base very much depressed,
smooth. Elytra deep red towards the middle, flattened, slightly uneven, covered
with moderately close rounded shallow punctures, from which proceed short
yellow hairs.

These three species seem to belong to Burmeister’s genus Psilocnemis, by
the form of the lower lip, but as there is not a complete resemblance among
them in this respect, I follow Schaum’s example in merging the two genera
together.

Among our previously described Cremastochilus, may also be observed con¬
siderable difference in the form of the lower lip. That organ is only slightly
emarginate posteriorly in C. variolosus, while it is deeply cleft in C. Harrisii,
canaliculatus and castaneas. C. junior (Westw.), quoted in Schaum’s Catalogue
of Lamellicornia melitophila, is unknown to me, nor have I in my collection
any specimens from the Atlantic States, which cannot be referred to the four
species just mentioned.

C. p o 1 i t u s Schaum {Psilocnemis leucostica Burm.) is considered as North
American on the authority of a single specimen communicated by Mr. Gory to
Burmeister. The fact that the Western species above described agree in the
absence of the emargination of the lower lip, induces me to believe that the
species in question is really Mexican. The distinction of locality in regard to
North America is very frequently not attended to wi^h sufficient care by Euro¬
pean Naturalists, who possibly have a prophetic eye towards the extension of
ihe republic ; which event, however desirable for the increase of our fauna,
cannot alter the preordained laws of distribution of species.

Alloeocnemis Lee. (Nitidularias, Peltides.)

Oculi duo laterales prominuli; antennae 11-articulatae, articulis tribus ultimis
maioribus, distantibus ; frons concava, apice emarginata; tibiae posteriores mu-
tic® ; anticae extus serratae, spina apicali uncata.

1 have merely given the characters to distinguish this curious genus from the
genera described by Erichson (Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 445, &c.) ; the only two allied
to it by the form of the eyes are Egolia and Acalantha, from which it is very
distinct by having three enlarged antennal joints. Its form is nearly that of
Nemosoma, but its greater size renders its appearance very singular. The
pectus and tibiae are very hairy ; the two posterior pairs of tibiae not spinous,
with two terminal spurs, of which one is so small as to be indistinct; the
anterior tibiae are slightly compressed, the outer margin serrate, with small
distant teeth, of which the lowest is most distinct; the apex is obliquely trun-

1853.]

233

cate ; the terminal spur is tolerably large and curved. The tarsi are filiform,
the first joint very small, inferior, the 2d equal to the rest united. The antenna?
are slender and not much longer than the head ; the first joint is a little longer
than the 4th, the 3d is a little shorter than the 2d, which is about one half as
long as the first ; the 4th — 8th are nearly equal, and cylindrical ; the 9th and
10th triangular, a little longer than wide; the 11th oval, about equal to the
10th ; these last three are compressed, and about twice as wide as those which
precede.

A. Stoutii, nigro-picea, capite magno, scabro, fronte concava, thorace
punctulato trapezoideo, postice angustato, antice vage impresso, elytris cylin-
dricis, subtiliter rugosis. Long. *83.

San Francisco, California, given me by my friend Dr. A. B. Stout, to whom
1 take pleasure in dedicating it. Body dull black ; head large, obtuse, covered
with coarse granulations, with a few erect black hairs ; front deeply concave ;
mandibles thick and prominent, apex acute. Thorax narrower than the head
with the eyes, not wider than long, truncate at base and apex, narrowed behind,
sides almost straight, deflexed sides scabrous, with erect black hairs ;
disc finely punctulate, broadly transversely impressed before the middle ;
with a very obsolete longitudinal line extending from base to apex. Elytra as
wide as the head and eyes, elongate, cylindrical, finely punctulate and rugous,
with small confluent wrinkles, which are less dense and more distinct towards
the base. Scutellum very small, impressed. Beneath finely and densely punc¬
tulate, pectus covered with long yellow hair.

Derobrachus Serv.

D. geminatus, piceus, nitidus, thorace valde transverso, antice non angus¬
tato, parce punctulato, lateribus quadrispinoso, spina antica minore, elytris
laevigatis, margine angustiore reflexo. Long. 2*9.

This very large species was collected by Dr. Henry, U. S. A., at Albu¬
querque, New Mexico, and kindly sent to me. It is easily distinguished from
all the other species, by having in addition to the three usual large spines, a
smaller one formed by the anterior angle being produced outwards. The elytra
are entirely smooth, except at the base, where a few indistinct rugae are visible;
the lateral reflexed margin is much narrower than in the other species ; the
suture presents scarcely a trace of the spine at the apex ; the abdomen is smooth,
the pectus is covered with short yellow hair. The antennae (of the female) are
scarcely half as long as the body, slender, with the three first joints polished
and sparsely punctured ; the third joint; is feebly sulcate longitudinally. The
legs are precisely as in the other species.

Callichroma Latr.

C. plicatum, viridi-aeneum, sericeum, thorace inaequali transversim plicato,
abdomine rufo, antennis pedibusque nigris, femoribus rufis apice nigris. Long.
1-25.

Mexican Boundary, collected by Mr. Clark; another specimen found in
Texas by Lieut. Haldeman. In size and form exactly resembles C. splendidum
Lee., but differs very much in the sculpture of the thorax and uniform green
color of the upper surface.

Eburia Serv.

E. mu ti c a, picea, fusco pubescens, thorace subcylindrico, lateribus paulo
rotundatis, ad medium vix spinosis, tuberculis 4 atris nitidis ante medium
ornato (exterioribus in latere sitis), elytris sat dense punctatis, callo basali
exteriore, posticoque interiore minoribus, apice truncatis. Long. *67 — 85.

This interesting species was first found by Lieut. Haldeman at Tampico, and
I have recently obtained a specimen collected at New Braunfels in Texas, by
Mr. Lindheimer. The thorax is scarcely longer than wide, and slightly rounded
on the sides ; the lateral spine is represented by a mere elevated point ; the disc
is sparsely punctured, but the hair obscures the punctures ; before the middle
there are two shining black tubercles, and on each side, nearer the ante-

234

[J ANUARY,

rior angle is another similar tubercle. The elytra are coarsely punctured,
slightly truncate, but not armed at tip ; theyhc.'Ve each four small polished lines
associated by pairs, but not united, the outer basal one is very small ; the inner
one of the posterior pair, which is placed about the middle, is smaller than the
outer.

Physocnemuai Hold.

P. amethystinum, nigrum, thorace transverso, lateribus valde rotun-
datis, basi brevissime tubulato, disco confluenter punctato, irregulariter calloso,
elytris laete violaceis, nitidis, confertim punctatis, femoribus non clavatis.
Long. *75.

This species has a general resemblance in appearance to P. Proteus, but differs
from all the species known to me in having the anterior as well as the posterior
thighs simple ; the thorax is narrowed in front, rounded on the sides, suddenly
narrowed towards the base, which is slightly tubulate; the sides are very
densely and confluently punctured, the disc less densely so, with three indistinct
smooth longitudinal elevations. The elytra are shining violet blue, finely and
densely punctured, the punctures becoming larger and less dense towards the
base.

One specimen was found at Sacramento, California, by Mr. J. Childs, and
given me by Mr. Rathvon.

A Callidium from the same collection is very similar to the female of C. an-
tennatum, but the thorax is more densely punctured; I can otherwise discover
no difference.

Cacoplia Lee .

Having, since the publication of my essay on Longicornia, obtained, through
the kindness of Mr. Haldeman, the original specimen of his Saperda pullata , I
have convinced myself that it must be referred to this genus, proposed by me in
the Journal of the Academy (New Ser. 2, 149.) The following diagnoses will
enable the two species at once to be distinguished :

1. C. pullata, fusco-testacea, brevissime densius sordide pubescens, thorace
parce punctato, linea dorsali postice glabra, elytris thorace latioribus cylin-
dricis parce minus distincte punctatis. Long. *68.

Saperda pullata Hald., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, 55; Lee. Journ. Acad. Sc.
2, 163. Alabama, Haldeman. One specimen.

2. C. p ruin os a, testacea, brevissime cinereo pubescens, thorace obscu-
riore, sat dense punctato, linea dorsali postica glabra, elytris thorace latioribus,
cylindricis, distinctius parce punctatis. Long. *47.

Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 149.

Hebestola nebulosa\ Haldeman, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, 54.

New York. One specimen.

Monilema Say.

1. M. armatum, elongatum, nigrum, thorace laevi, lateribus acute spinosis,
apice et basi punctis marginato, elytris subrugosis, parce grosse punctatis, apice
laevibus, dorso convexis, lateribus subito declivibus. Long. 1*25.

Mexican Boundary, collected as before mentioned. This species is similar to
M. semipunctatum Lee. (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 2, 167,) but the form is
more elongate, the thorax is smooth on the disc, and the elytra are more punc¬
tured and rugous.

2. M. c r a s s u m, breviusculum, nigrum, thorace lateribus subtuberculato,
disco opaco parce punctato, margine postico punctato, elytris convexis, subru¬
gosis minus dense variolosis, apice laevibus. Long. *8.

With the preceding. This species is similar to M. annulatum Say , but is
stouter in its form. The elytra are much more coarsely punctured, the punc¬
tures extend further along the epipleurae and suture, than along the disc ; the
elytra are very convex, the sides descend more abruptly than in M. annulatum,
but less so than in M. armatum.

1853.]

235

There are now five species 'of this genus known to me; they appear to be
quite limited in their distribution, and are by no means common in the locality
where they occur. It is very probable that further investigation in the interior
of the continent will show that the Dorcadidae of North America are quite
numerous, although thus far they exhibit a lamentable uniformity of color,
which will render the determination of species somewhat difficult, without
actual comparison of specimens.

Nosoderma Solier.

N. porcatum, depressum, sordide fuscum, thorace latitudine non longiore,
postice angustato, valde inaequali, elytris sutura costisque 3 elevatis, intermedia
utrinque abbreviata, interstitiis irregulariter biseriatim punctatis ; apice tuber-
culatis. Long. *57.

Sacramento, Mr. Rathvon. Bears a strong resemblance to N. obcordatum,
but is darker colored, the inequalities of the thorax are smaller and more nume¬
rous, and the punctures and elevations of the elytra much more regular ; the
outer and inner costae end about one sixth of the length of the elytra from the
tip, in moderate dilatations ; the intermediate costa commences about one fifth
from the base, and ends about one fourth from the tip ; near the tip on each
elytron is a large rough tubercle. The under surface of the body appears black,
and is more distinctly punctured than in N. obcordatum.

There are now three species of this genus known to me as inhabiting the
United States, viz. N. di abo 1 i c u m Lee. (Ann. Lyc. 5, 130) ; N. obcor¬
datum Lee. (IV. incequale[ Dej. Cat. ; Boletophag7is obcordaUis Kirby, Faun.
Bor. Am. 236) ; and N. porcatum Lee., just described.

Mycterus Oliv.

M. concolor, fusco-niger, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens, capite thoraceque
confertissime subtilius punctatis, elytris alutaceis minus dense subtiliter punc¬
tatis, subtus argenteo-pubescens, tibiis tarsisque vix rufescentibus. Long. *3.

Sta Fe, New Mexico, Mr. Fendler. The antennae are entirely black, and a
little longer than the head and thorax. The following diagnosis will distinguish
the previously described North American species :

M. s caber, fusco-niger, luteo-pubescens, capite thoraceque confertissime
punctulatis. elytris grosse sat dense punctatis, antennis pedibusque rufo-testa-
ceis. Long. *15 — 23.

Haldeman, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, 303.

Southern States, abundant ; Pennsylvania, rare. The pubescence of the under
surface is somewhat silvery ; the antennae are a little darker externally than
at base.

The only other member of this group of insects yet known from our coun¬
try is, Sphaeriestes virescens Lee. (Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 232.)

The Committee on Dr. Woodhouse’s description of a new species
of Dipodomys, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings :

Description of a new species of Douched Rat, of the Genus Dipodomys , Gray.

By S. W. Woodhouse.

Dipodomys Ordii.

Charact. Essent. — Light reddish brown above, beneath white ; tail short, and
penecillate at the end.

Description. A little smaller than the D. Phillipii, Gray; head and tail
shorter, nose long and pointed, extending some distance beyond the incisors ;
ears somewhat round, the anterior portion almost naked, posteriorly covered
with short fine hair.

23G

[January,

Color . Dark reddish brown above ; sides light reddish brown ; fur ash color
at base ; side of the nose, half of the cheek, spot behind the ear, band across
the thigh and beneath pure white ; a black spot at the base of the long whiskers ;
a superciliary ridge of white on either side; the penecillated portion of the
tail is formed of long white hairs, with bright brown tips.

Dimensions .

Total length from tip of nose to root of tail,

“ “ of vertebra of tail, .

i( “ of tail, including hair at tip,

“ “ of os calcis, including middle toe and tail,

“ “ of ear, .

Inches.

. 5

. 4 3-10ths.

. 5 5-10ths.

. 1 5-10ths.

. 4i-10ths.

Habitat. Western Texas.

Obs. This animal I procured at El Paso on the Rio Grande, on my way to
Santa Fe, whilst attached to the party under the command of Captain L.
Sitgreaves, U. S. Army. I have named it in honor of Mr. Ord, President of this
Society.

The Committee on Dr. HallowelTs descriptions of new Reptiles from
California, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings :

On some New Reptiles from California.

By Edward Hallowell, M. D.

PITYOPHIS, Holbrook.

PlTYOPHIS HEERMANNI.

Specific characters. — Head small, the two middle of the four posterior frontals
much broader in front than behind ; yellow above, a narrow black band between
the orbits ; occipital plates marked with black ; a narrow oblique band of black
passing from the posterior margin of the orbit, to the angle of the jaw; body
yellowish, with about fifty distinct subquadrate black spots, emarginate in front
and posteriorly ; emarginations less distinct toward tail ; interspaces between
these large spots, presenting smaller ones, forming a continuous row on each
side of the back ; about sixteen transverse black spots upon the tail ; intermediate
spaces yellowish ; chin and throat straw color, the lateral extremities of many
of the scuta with black spots ; thirty rows of scales, those upon the back small,
and distinctly carinated; the four or five inferior rows on each side much larger
than the others, and smooth ; tail short.

Dimensions. — Length of head, 8 lines ; greatest breadth, 5 lines ; length of
body 1 foot, of tail 2 inches 3 lines ; total length, 1 foot 2 inches 11 lines ; cir¬
cumference 14 lines.

Remarks. — Abundant in California ; grows to a much larger size. The spe¬
cimen in the Museum of the Academy came from the mines, in the vicinity of
the Cosumnes river ; one specimen was found under a log, and Dr. Heermann
found several basking in the sun, during the middle of the day, on the banks of
streams, in sandy and gravelly places.

CORONELLA, Daiirenti.

CORONELLA BALTEATA.

Specific, characters. — Head small and stout, outline oval, depressed above,
covered with nine plates ; eyes projecting, anterior frontals smaller than poste¬
rior, nostrils between two plates ; a very small frenal ; one large antocular, two
posterior oculars, seven superior labials on each side ; neck contracted, body
slender, cylindrical, somewhat thicker near the middle ; tail rather short and
tapering gradually to a point ; twenty-three rows of smooth hexagonal scales ;
a series of about thirty narrow yellowish-white fasciae, alternating with as

1853.]

237

many dark colored blotches, which are continuous with similarly colored mark¬
ings upon the abdomen ; the markings of the tail resemble those upon the body,
but have the form of bands, the black spots being somewhat more regularly
disposed. Abdom. scut. 234 ; subcaud. 51.

Dimensions . — Length of head, 9 lines ; greatest breadth, 5£ ; length of
body 1 foot 7 inches 3 lines ; length of tail, 2 inches 9 lines ; total length 1
foot 10 inches 9 lines ; greatest circumference, 1 inch 6 lines.

Dimensions of a larger specimen. — Length of head, 8 lines ; greatest breadth,
6£ ; length of body, 2 feet 4 inches ; of tail, 4 inches 4^ lines ; total length,
feet 9 inches 4i lines ; circumference, 2 inches 3 lines. Abdom. scut. 225 ; sub¬
caud. 57.

Remarks. — Found in the valleys in the open prairies ; grows to a much larger
size than either of the specimens, 4 feet in length ; very abundant, often killed
by travellers, and found lying on the road side ; disposition timid, always
endeavoring to escape its pursuers.

Tropidonotus tri-vittatus.

Specific characters. — Head rather small, outline above triangular ; de¬
pressed posteriorly, cheeks tumid, eyes slightly projecting, nostrils between
two plates ; a quadrilateral frenal plate ; one large antorbitar, two pos¬
terior orbitars ; eight superior labials on each side, the sixth the largest ;
neck slightly contracted, abdomen flattened, body of moderate size, covered
above with nineteen rows of carinated scales ; tail of moderate length, tapering
to a point ; body jet black above, with three narrow vittae extending from
the head to the extremity of the tail ; the lateral ones become indistinct
the dorsal vitta is orange colored, and occupies one row’, and a half of each
pf the adjoining row’s of scales ; abdomen and under part of tail olive colored,
immaculate ; upper surface of head black. Abdom. scuta 146 ; subcaud. 72.

Dimensions. — Length of head 9 lines ; greatest breadth 6 lines ; length of
body about 1 foot 7 inches; of tail 5 inches 7 lines, (body broken.)

Remarks. — Resembles Tropidonotus concinnus, but wants the orange colored
spots, and the lateral vittae. Very abundant about ponds and on the banks of
the Cosumnes and other rivers in California. On being approached quickly dives
to the bottom of the stream, or makes its appearance on the opposite side,
keeping its head above water. One of the most common snakes in California.

LEPTOPHIS, Bell.

Leptophis lateralis.

Specif c characters. — Head small, rather long and slender, covered above with
nine plates ; the posterior frontals are larger than the anterior, passing dow’n
upon the sides of the head ; vertical very long and narrow’, broader in front ;
nostrils between two nasal plates ; a small quadrilateral frenal ; a large antocu-
lar, its upper portion forming part of the lateral surface of the head ; below it a
minute supplementary plate intercalated betw’een the third and fourth labials ;
two posterior oculars ; eye large and projecting, space between it and the nostril
grooved ; eight superior labials, the fourth and fifth forming the inferior margin
of the orbit ; body long and slender ; tail rather long ; color brown above, with
tw’o narrow yellow vittae, one on each side, extending from the head to the root
of the tail ; abdomen and under surface of tail straw color, immaculate ; a con¬
siderable number of very minute black points upon the chin and throat.
Abdom. scuta. 196 ; sub-caud. 122.

Dimensions. — Length of head 8 lines ; greatest breadth 3 lines ; length of
body 1 foot 5 lines ; of tail 5 inches 1 line ; total length 1 foot 6 inches 2 lines ;
circumference 9 lines. 17 row’s of smooth scales.

Remarks. — Abundant in the neighborhood of ponds, lakes and banks of rivers ;
very timid, escaping to the water for protection the moment it is approached.
Grows somewhat larger.

The following are from the same locality, viz. :

238 [Jantjari,

Gerrhonotus multicarixatus, Blainville. Nouv. Annal. du Mus., tome iv.,
1835, pi. 25, fig. 2.

Tropidonotus ordinatus, Linn. Length of head and body 1 foot 8 inches ;
tail 7 inches. Abdom. scuta, 170; sub-caud. 85. 19 — 21 rows of carinated scales.

Coluber pungtatus,! Linn. The abdomen and under parts of the tail
are immaculate, the back and upper part of the tail are light brown ;
resembling the Coluber atratus, Hall., found in South America, but the latter
has carinated scales. Length of head and body 8£ inches : of tail 3 inches.
Abdominal scuta 156; sub-caudal 60. 15 rows of smooth scales.

Crotalus Lecontei, Hall. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. vi. p. 180.

Rana - — , Young. Green, with blackish spots.

Salamandra lugubris, Hall. Proceedings Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iv. p. 126.
Found in the spring season under logs.

Five specimens of Triton torosus, Eschscholtz,^ (Triton granulosa, Skillton, —
Sill. Journ. v. vii.) These amphibians are very abundant on the edges of rivers
toward the spring ; those found by Dr. Heermann were in a mountainous coun¬
try. The river Calaveres having overflowed its banks, had left small basins of
water in the rocks, in one of which about thirty were seen together. Their
habits appeared to be indolent ; when disturbed, they swam away in a sluggish
manner, moving the tail chiefly, the anterior extremities lying closely in con¬
tact with the body. A hundred might be seen in the course of a day, after a
slight rain, the ground being moist, disappearing slowly when approached.
Belly of a deep bright Vermillion saffron, as well as the under part of tail and
extremities ; above very dark brown, appearing almost black during life.

The reptiles above described were presented to the Academy by Adolphus
L. Heermann, M. D., who has recently returned to Philadelphia, after a journey
of three years’ duration, spent, for the most part, in Natural History pursuits, in
California and in various parts of S. America. Through his zeal and liberality^
the Museum of our Institution has been greatly enriched in the departments of Or¬
nithology, Mammalogy, Mineralogy and Herpetology, thus presenting a useful
and honorable example of leisure and wealth devoted to the noblest of human
pursuits, the study of the phenomena and laws of the material universe.

The Committee appointed under a Resolution of the Academy,
adopted Dec. 30, 1851, to collect subscriptions for the purpose of
enlarging and improving the Hall,

Reported , That the condition of the Resolution had been complied
with, and that six thousand five hundred dollars, the amount required
to carry out the plan of enlargement then approved of by the Academy,
had been secured.

Further improvements had, however, since the above date, been found
necessary by the Committee, and the plan had been extended, the addi¬
tional estimated cost of which would be about $2000. Part of this
additional sum had already been subscribed.

The Report was adopted, and the Committee continued.

The following members were appointed a Building Committee : viz.
Dr. T. B. Wilson, Dr. Robert Bridges and Mr. W. S. Yaux.

The Report of the Publication Committee for 1852 was read and
adopted.

Dr. Leidy offered the following Preamble and Resolutions, which
were adopted :

* Zoologische Atlas, Berlin, 1829.
f Holbrook, Herpetol., vol. iii. p. 81.

1853.] 239

The Academy being informed that the Commissioners of the General Land
Office, in Washington, in their estimates for the land surveys of the coming season,
have inserted an item for the geological survey of Oregon and the Mauvaises
Terres of Nebraska, in which previous surveys have shown there exists the
most remarkable and interesting fresh water tertiary geological formation yet
discovered iu this country, therefore it is

Resolved , That the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia earnestly
recommends the prosecution of these surveys, believing as it does that the
district proposed to be surveyed embraces a portion of the most interesting
geological region in this country, and that the result must be of the highest
importance to science, and is destined to throw a new light upon the natural
history of this continent previous to the period when the mammoth and mas¬
todon lived.

Resolved , That the Academy would respectfully urge and request Congress
not to permit the opportunity to pass to make the necessary appropriation to
accomplish the desirable objects above stated, and have the surveys carried out
according to the recommendation of the Commissioners of the General Land
Office.

Resolved , That this preamble and series of resolutions be signed by the officers
of the Academy, and sent by the Corresponding Secretary to the Commissioners
of the Land Office at Washington.

On motion of Dr. Elwyn, copies of the foregoing were directed to be
sent to the Senators from Pennsylvania, and the Representatives from
the city and county of Philadelphia.

The Society then proceeded to an election for Standing Committees
for 1853, with the subjoined result :

Ethnology , John S. Phillips, S. S. Haldeman, Robert Pearsall;
Comparative Anatomy and General Zoology , Joseph Leidy, Edward
Hallowell, John Neill; Mammalogy , John L. LeConte, James C.
Fisher, S. W. Woodhouse; Ornithology , John Cassin, Edward Harris,
A. L. Heermann ; Herpetology and Ichthyology , Edward Hallowell,
John Cassin, Gavin Watson; Conchology , Isaac Lea, Thomas B. Wil¬
son, W. S. W. Ruschenberger ; Entomology and Crustacea , S. S. Hal¬
deman, R. Bridges, Wm. S. Zantzinger; Botany , R. Bridges, Wm.
S. Zantzinger, Elias Durand; Palaeontology, T. A. Conrad, Joseph
Leidy, T. B. Wilson; Geology , J. Price Wetherill, Aubrey H. Smith,
Charles E. Smith; Mineralogy , Wm. S. Vaux, Samuel Ashmead, F.
A. Genth ; Physics , James C. Fisher, B. H. Coates, B. Howard Rand;
Library , Thomas B. Wilson, R. Bridges, R. E. Peterson ; Proceedings}
Wm. S. Zantzinger, Joseph Leidy, W. S. W. Ruschenberger.

ELECTION OF MEMBERS AND CORRESPONDENT.

Prof. Robley Dunglison, Dr.Wm. V. Keating, and Dr. Addinell Hew-
son, of Philadelphia, were elected Members ; and Lieut. M. F. Maury,
U. S. Navy, Superintendent of the National Observatory at Washington,
was elected a Correspondent.

38

240

[February,

February lsY.

Professor Frazer in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Secretary of the Royal Asiatic Society, dated 20th Nov.
1852, acknowledging the receipt of a copy of Dr. Ruschenberger’s
t( Notice of the Academy/'

From the Corresponding Secretary of the Albany Institute, dated
January 11, 1853, transmitting Yol. 2 of the Transactions of the
Institute; and also acknowledging the receipt of late Nos. of the
Proceedings.

Dr. Woodhouse presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled u Description of a new species of Hesperomys." Referred to
Dr. Leidy, Dr. Le Conte and Mr. Cassin.

Mr. Cassin presented a paper from Dr. P. R. Hoy, of Wisconsin, en¬
titled, “ Notes on the Ornithology of Wisconsin.” Referred to Mr.
Cassin, Dr. Heermann and Dr. Wilson.

A letter was read from Dr. William Blanding, addressed to Dr. Hal-
lowell, on the habits of the Kinixis denticulata.

February 8 th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Secretary of the Trustees of the New York State Library,
dated Albany, Feb. 2, 1853, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceed¬
ings, Yol. 6, No. 6.

From M. Nees Von Esenbeck, President of the Acad. C. L. C. Na-
turas Curiosorum, dated Breslau, 10th Nov. 1852, acknowledging the re¬
ceipt of the Journal and Proceedings, and also of copies of Dr. Ruschen¬
berger’s “ Notice of the Academy," and Dr. Meigs’ Memoir of Dr.
Morton.

From the Secretary of the American Philosophical Society, dated
Philadelphia, Feb. 7, 1853, acknowledging the receipt of the Journal,
Yol. 2, N. S., part 3, and of the Proceedings, Vol. 6, Nos. 5 and 6.

From Prof. Dunglison, dated Jan. 28, 1853, acknowledging the re¬
ceipt of his notice of election as a member of the Academy.

Major Le Conte presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled, u An enumeration of the Vines of North America," which
was referred to Dr. Zantzinger, Dr. Bridges and Dr. Pickering.

Dr. Le Conte presented a paper intended for publication in the Pro¬
ceedings, entitled u Synopsis of the Silphales of America, North of
Mexico,’* and a second paper entitled “ Synopsis of the Scaphidilia of
the United States ;" both of which were referred to Dr. Ruschenberger,
Dr. Heermann and Dr. Zantzinger.

Mr. Conrad presented the following for publication in the Proceedings :
u Synopsis of the North American Naiades, by T. A. Conrad." Refer¬
red to the following Committee: Dr. Wilson, Dr. Pickering and Dr.
Ruschenberger.

241

1853.]

Dr. Leidy called the attention of the members to several fossil teeth, as
follow :

1. Two superior molar teeth of Equus Americanus ; one from Texas, the other
from Ashley River, South Carolina, both sent by Prof. Holmes, of Charleston.

2. Two superior molar teeth of a species of Hipparion , discovered by Prof.
Holmes, on Ashley River, South Carolina. It is the first time this genus has
been found in America. For the species the name H. venustum was proposed.

3. A fragment of an incisor of a large Rodent animal, probably, from its ap¬
pearance, allied to Hydrochoerus capybara. It belonged to an animal interme¬
diate in size to the latter and the Casteroides Okioensis. The specimen was
found by Prof. Holmes on the Ashley River. For the species the name of Oromys
JEsopi was proposed.

4. A fragment of a molar tooth of a giant sloth, differing from any of the
known genera, found by Prof. Holmes on the Ashley River. To the species
supposed to be indicated by the specimen, Enbradys antiqxius was given.

5. A molar of a giant sloth, differing from the last and other known genera,
found near Natchez, Mississippi. For the animal the name Ereptodon priscus was
proposed.

February 15 th.

The President, Mr. Ord, in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the Royal Geographical So¬
ciety, dated London, Oct. 14, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of a
copy of the “ Notice of the Academy ,” by Dr. Ruschenberger.

Also a letter from Dr. R. C. Chambers, dated Redgrove, Elk Co.,
Penn., Feb. 6, 1853, offering to the Academy crania of Mammalia,
found in that portion of the State. Referred to the Curators.

Dr. Francis Greene read a communication entitled, u Chemical
investigation of the remains of fossil Mammalia,” which was referred to
Dr. Genth, Dr. Bridges and Dr. Camac.

Dr. Genth presented two papers, for publication in the Proceedings,
viz. “ On a new variety of Grey Copper, perhaps a new mineral,” and
u On Owenite, a new Mineral both of which were referred to Dr.
Bridges, Dr. Rand and Dr. Wetherill.

Dr. Le Conte presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled, “ Synopsis of the species of the Histeroid genus Abrseus, in¬
habiting the United States,” which was referred to Dr. Zantzinger, Mr.
Cassin and Dr. Rand.

Prof. Baird presented a list of Reptiles collected in California by Dr.
John L. LeConte, with descriptions of new species. Referred to Dr.
Bridges, Dr. Hallowell and Dr. Leidy.

Dr. Heermann presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled, “ A Catalogue of the Oological collection of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia;” which was referred to Mr. Cassin,
Col. M’Call and Dr. Le Conte.

Mr. Cassin presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
describing a new species of the genus Scalops, from Oregon, from the
collection of the U. S. Exploring Expedition. Referred to Dr. Bridges,
Dr. Leidy and Dr. Le Conte.

A communication intended for publication in the Journal, from the

242

[February,

Rev. M. J. Berkeley, F. L. S., and the Rev. M. A. Curtis, “ On the
Exotic Fungi from the Schweinitzian Herbarium in the Acad. Nat. Sci.
of Philadelphia,” was presented and referred to Dr. Zantzinger, Mr.
E. Durand and Dr. Bridges.

Mr. Cassin exhibited the specimen of Scalops, described by him,
under the name of Scalops metattescens , in the paper presented this
evening. This specimen was collected in Oregon by the Naturalists
attached to the Exploring Expedition under the command of Capt.
Wilkes, U. S N., and is one of the most remarkable species of the
family to which it belongs.

February 22 d.

Vice President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee to which was referred the following paper by Dr.
Woodhouse, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings :

Description of a new species of Mouse , of the genus Hesperomys, Waterhouse.

By S. W. Woodhouse, M. D.

Hesperomys Texana.

Char. Essent. — Smaller than the H. leucopus, head shorter and more blunt,
ears smaller and more round, brown above, and white, inclining to yellowish,
beneath.

Description. — Head large, blunt. Eyes prominent, and dark brown. Ears
large, erect, roundish, oval, blunt, sparsely covered outwardly with short ap-
pressed brown hairs, inwardly with grey. Thumb of fore feet a tubercle, fur¬
nished with a long blunt nail, two middle toes the longest, subequal. Hind feet
furred, with the exception of the sole. Whiskers long.

Color. — Hair dark cinereous, above tipped with pale brown, and dusky, so as
to have rather a mottled appearance ; beneath white inclining to yellowish ; the
two colors, that is to say above and beneath, tolerably distinctly separated
from each other in a straight line. Tail above brown, beneath white ; nose
mixed brown and grey, or pale browm. Whiskers black and grey ; legs white on
their inner surface only, feet white, the hairs projecting over the nails.

Habitat. — Western Texas.

Dimensions.

Total length from tip of nose to root of tail, . . 2 1-10 inches.

“ « of tail, . 2 1-10 “

“ “ of head, . 1 1-10 “

Height of ear, . 4-10 «<

Breadth of ear, . 3-10 “

Fore legs, . . 1 “

Hind legs, . . . . . . . . 16-10“

Observations. — I procured this little animal on the Rio Grande near El Paso,
whilst attached to the party under the command of Captain L. Sitgreaves, U. S.
Topographical Engineers, on our way to explore the Zuni and Colorado rivers.
Of its habits I know nothing. My attention was called to this animal by Major
Le Conte, who has been for some time engaged in the study of the mice of our
country.

The Committee on Mr. Conrad’s “ Synopsis of the North American
Naiades,” reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings :

1853.]

243

A Synopsis of the Family of Naiades of North America , with Notes , and a Table
of some of the genera and sub-gmera of the Family , according to their geogra¬
phical distribution, and descriptions of genera and sub-genera.

By T. A. Conrad.

The present attempt to give a synonymy of the North American Naiades,
has originated from the absence of dates and references in Mr. Lea’s memoirs.
To render strict justice to every authoraccording to date of publication, is not
only the duty of the naturalist, but a necessity of science. The difficulty in
the attempt is to ascertain with precision the date of publication of each species,
and when this cannot otherwise be obtained, perhaps it would be right to refer
to the date on the title-page of the volume wherein the species maybe described.
Mr. Lea never refers to the date of publication, but says, “ my memoir bears
date,” &c., which means, the day it was read before a meeting of a Society,
though not published in some instances until two years afterwards. In adopting
the names given by Rafinesque, the rule will be observed to quote no species
without a mark of doubt, which is not clearly borne out by the description,
assisted by reference to Rafinesque’s shells marked by his own hand, and now
placed in the noble collection of Charles A. Poulson, Esq.

It is true Rafinesque’s descriptions are brief and many of them obscure, and
his figures rude. Others again are better characterized than some of Lamarck’s.
Mr. Lea complains that Say has not left him one species in his very short and
incomplete « Synonymy of Western Unios but on the other hand, Mr. Lea
credits Rafinesque with only two species of the sixty or seventy he has named
and described.

Every man must work according to his means and his abilities. Rafinesque,
in his day, was destitute of the advantages many naturalists now enjoy, and
could not publish expensive plates ; and, unfortunately, he had the examples of
Linne and Lamarck for short and indefinite descriptions. If Rafinesque’s
names should be rejected, there seems no reason why Lamarck’s should not
share the same fate.

Of late years, Comparative Anatomy has shown that genera can readily be
founded on differences in organisation of the animal inhabitants of shells vary¬
ing little in external character, whilst among the Naiades there are divisions so
well marked by the external character as well as the hinge, that generic differ¬
ences can be safely predicted to exist among the animals which inhabit them.
These various genera are moreover not indiscriminately placed in every quarter
of the globe, but some are peculiar to one country and some to another, asPAXY-
odon and Prisodon to tropical South America ; Pleiodon to tropical Africa, &c.,
and yet an author, even in the present day, is content to arrange the Naiades in
a singularly artificial system, embracing one genus and seven subgenera. Mr.
Gray’s arrangement is far more natural and useful, but he does not subdivide
to the extent that Mr. Swainson did, who was the first to give a philosophical
view of the subject, and to have an idea of geographical distribution of genera.
Mr. Swrainson, speaking of the tuberculated Unios of North America, observes,
“Where we find a character, however trivial it may appear, pervading a whole
group, we may be perfectly assured that it is a natural character, although it may
not be the only one.” And if this is true of the exterior, a similar uniformity of
character in the hinge is still more important ; and how strongly marked it is
in Paxyodon, Pleiodon and others !

It is supposed that this family existed at as early a period as the Carboni¬
ferous, but it is doubtful if the shells usually referred to Unio were members of
this group. Certainly none of the existing genera are represented in the bivalves
of that era, nor is there any even in the Lower Tertiary ; but in the Crag or
Middle Tertiary, the two genera, Unio and Anodonta make their first
appearance.

It is worthy of remark that a genus so nearly related to Unio as Trigonia,
abounded in numerous species in the Oolitic and Cretaceous eras, and then
ceasing to exist during the long Tertiary periods, reappeared in a solitary species
of the present day. Is not this long interval between the fossil and recent

244

[February,

species, presumptive evidence that the animal of the living shell is generically
different from that of the extinct species ? The hinge of a bivalve shell will
not always serve to determine a genus, else Platyodon, would be a Mya, and
Mycetopus an Anodonta ; but when a material difference exists in the hinge,
some important variation may be expected to exist in the animal organization!
By means of Comparative Anatomy, Agassiz has discovered differences in the
animals of the North American Unios, which he considers sufficient to warrant
the construction of several genera, and when thpse are fully determined and
compared with those of Asia, Africa, &c., it will very likely be found that the
various genera are restricted to narrower geographical limits than the mere
external characters of the shells would lead us to suppose.

I have at present not ventured to do more than indicate subgenera, except
among a few distinct groups. In Complanaria, Swains ., the hinge is so pecu¬
liar and different from the other genera, that it is fully as well entitled to a
generic distinction as Alasmodonta or Barbala. There is another small group
which is somewhat isolated, the plicated shells, having bold and distinctive
characters. This has been separated from Unio under the name of Pleotomerus.
The only aberrant form in the genus is U. crassidens , Lam., which, however,
has no affinity with any other group. U. infucatus , though somewhat plicated,
has a very different character, and belongs to a distinct group. The U. rotun-
datus , Lam., is an isolated shell, with the cardinal teeth more like those of Naia,
Swainson , an Asian subgenus, than the other North American Unios.

REFERENCES.

Lba.— Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Second Series.

Synopsis of the Family of Naiades, 1852.

Con.— Monography of the Family Unionidae.

Proceedings and Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Second Series.
New Fresh Water Shells, May, 1834.

Chenit.— Illustrations Conchologiques, &c.

Chemn. — Chemnitz (Martini) Neues Syet. Conchyl.

Barnes. — American Journal of Sciences and Arts, vol. vi. 18.

Hildreth.— Ib. ib. ib. xiv. 18.

Desh. — Deshayes, New Ed. of Lamarck’s Anim. sans Vertebres.

FERUS8AC, in Guerin’s Mag. de Zoologie, 1835.

Lam — Lamarck, Hist. Nat. des Animaux sans Vertebres.

Raf — Rafinesque, Les Annales general des Sciences Physiques, 1820.

SaY. — Nicholson’s Encyclopedia, American edition, article Conchology, vol. 4, 1819.
American Conchology, with a Synonymy of Western Unios. ’

Transylvania Journal of Medicine.

New Harmony Disseminator.

Swains. — Swainson, Exotic Conchology ; Zoological Illustrations*, Malacology.

Note. The Roman numerals refer to the volume, and the figures following indicate the page,
plate and figure. An asterisk {*) indicates the doubtful species.

Unio.

Unio abacus, Hald ., Journ. A. N. S. viii. 202.

Lea, Synopsis, 24.

Aberti, Con., Proceed. A. N. S., March, 1850, v. 10.

U. Lamarckianus, Lea, 1852, x. 22, 17, 20.
acu^issimus, Lea , Aug. 1834, iv. 89, 10, 18.

Con. Monog. 86,47, 2.

Ckenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 8, fig. 3.
affinis, Lea, 1852, x. 271, 19, 26, Synopsis 27.
amcenus, Lea, 1S41, viii. 200, 10, 12, Synopsis 29.

Ckenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 33, fig. 5.
amygdalum, Lea , 1846, ix. 275, 39, 1. Synopsis 39,
altilis, Con., New F. W. Shells, 43, 2, 1.

Lea, Synopsis, 27.

245

1853.]

Unio angustatus, Lea, 1832, v. 114, 17 , 43. Synopsis 23.

Con. Monog. 98, 54, 2.

Chenu , pi. 14, fig. 1.

apiculatus, Say, New Harm. Dissem., 1829, Amer. Conch, pi. 22.
Con. Monog. 78, 44, 1.

Lea, Synopsis, 22.

U. asper, Jay , not Lea, Jay’s Catalogue, 55.
approximus, Lea, 1845, x. 74, 5, 13. Synopsis 28.

•arctior, Lea, 1838, vi. 10, 4, 10, Synopsis, 38.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, 21, 2.
arctatus, Con., Sill. Jour., xxv. 340, 1, 9; New F. W. Shells, 36, 5, 4.
Lea , Synopsis, 38.

arcus, Con. , Sillim. Jour. 1834, xxv. 340 1, 8.

Lea, Synopsis, 38.

argenteus, Lea, 1841, viii. 242, 25, 57, Synopsis, 26.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 33, fig. 2.
asper, Lea, (a) 1832, iv. 85, 9, 15, Synopsis, 22.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 15, fig. 4.

U. apiculatus, var. Jay, Catalogue, No. 1496, 55.

Barrattii, Lea, 1852, x. 256, 13, Synopsis, 37.

Barnesianus, Lea, 1838, vi. 31, 10, 26, Synopsis, 24.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 19, fig. 2.

•biangulatus, Lea, 1841, viii. 197, 9, 8, Synopsis 38.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 30, fig. 7.

Bigbyensis, Lea, 1841, viii. 237, 22, 51, Synopsis 24.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 26, fig. 5.

Binneyi, Lea, 1845, x. 77, 6, 18, Synopsis 29.

Blandinijianus, Lea, Aug. 18&, v. 101, 15, 44, Synopsis 33.

Con. Monog. 46, 23, 3.

Kust., Chemn. Unio, 36, 6, 2.

Bournianus, Lea, 1841, Synopsis 25, viii. 213, 15, 28.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 28, fig. 2.

Brumbyanus, Lea, 1841, viii. 245, 26, 62, Synopsis 31.

Boydianus, Lea, 1841, viii. 216, 16, 32, Synopsis 38.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 32, fig. 2.

Buckleyi, Lea , 1846, ix. 276, 39, 2, Synopsis 30.

Buddianus, Lea, 1846, ix. 277, 40, 4, Synopsis 32.
buxeus, Lea, 1852, x. 261, 15, 13, Synopsis 29.
bullatus,* Raf. Ann., Sept. 1820, v. 41. Poulson’s Trans., 23.
Con., Monog. 82, 45, 2.

Ferussac , Guerin’s Mag. 28.

U. verrucosus albus, Hildreth, Sillim. Journ. xiv. 289.

U. pustulosus, Lea, 1832, iv. 76, 7, 7. Synopsis, 22.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 18, fig. 2.
capax, Green , Cab. of Nat. Hist. 1832, ii. 290.

Con., Monog. 75, 42.

Ferussac, Guerin’s Mag. 1835, 26.

Symphynota globosa, Lea, 1834, iv. 153, 4, 12.

U. capax, Rust . Chemn. Unio, 21, 15, 3.

Lea, Synopsis, 27.

ceelatus, Con., Sillim. Journ. 1834, xxv. 338, 1, 2.

Lea, Synopsis, 20.

* Say makes this species the same as Mya modulosa. Wood, which is very
different, and evidently not an American species.

246

[February,

Unio caliginosus, Lea, 1845, x. 79, 7, 21, Synopsis 29.
callosus, Lea , 1841, viii. 239, 23, 54, Synopsis 33.
camptodon, Say , Amer. Conch, pi. 42.

Fernssac , Guerin’s Mag. 26.

U. Sayi, Lea , (not Tappan), Synopsis, 32.
capsaeformis, Lea , 1834, iv. 143, 2, 4, Synopsis 33.

Con. Monog. 72, 40, 2, 3.
cardium, .Ra/. Ann. 1820, 32, Poulson’s Trans. 27.

Say , Amer. Conch. 32, Synonym, of LTnio, No. 11.

U. ventricosus, Barnes , Sillim. Journ. vi. 267, 13, 14.

U. occidens, Lea , 1832 (?) iii. 435, 10, 16.

Synopsis, 26.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 13, fig. 5.

U. subovatus, Lea , 1832, iv. 118, 18, 46.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 12, fig. 6.

U. ovata, var. b. ? Lam. An. vi. 75.
cariosus, <Say, (6) Nicholson’s Ency., article Conch., pi. 3, fig. 2.

Law. Desh. An. sans Vert. vi. 545.

U. ovata, Valen.

U. cariosus, Kust ., Chem. Unio, 24, 1, 2, 3.

Barnes , Sillim. Journ. vi. 271.

Con., Monog., 40,19.

Gould, Invertebrata of Mass., 107.

Defray, Zool. of New York, 193.

Lea, Synopsis, 27.

Lampsilis cariosa, Agas. MSS. Stimpson’s Shells of New Eng. 14.
Carolinanus, Boise. Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 26.

U. obesus, Lea , 1832, iv. 96, 13, 26, Synopsis, 32.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio; pi. 18, fig. 4^
castaneus, Lea, 1832, iv. 91, 11, 21, Synopsis 26.

Ferussac, Guerin’s Mag. 28.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 11, fig. 5.
catillus, Con., Monog. 1836, 30, 13, 2.

Kust., Chemn. Unio, pi. 10, fig. 2.
cerinus, Con., (c) Monog. 1838, 95, 52.

U. flavus, Lea, (not Raf.) Synopsis, 24.
cicatricosus, Say, Disseminator, 1829.

Con., Monog., 115,64.

Ferr., Guerin’s Mag., 28.

U. varicosus, Lea, 1832, iv. 100, 11, 20, Synopsis, 23.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 2, fig. 6.

Cincinnatiensis, Lea , 1841, viii. 194, 8, 4, Synopsis, 22.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 30, fig. 3.

Claibornensis, Lea, 1838, (young shell,) vi. 105, 24, 115, Synopsis, 28.
Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 23, fig. 3.

U. obtusus (?) Lea, viii. 201, 11, 13.

Clarkianus, Lea, 1852, x. 273, 21, 30, Synopsis, 28.
clava, Lam,. An. sans Vert, vi.74. Desh. ed. of Lam. vi. 537.
Ferussac, Guerin’s Mag. 28.

Con., Monog. 5, 3.

U. mytiloides, Raf. v.47, Poulson’s Trans., 47.

U. scalenia, Raf. Ann. v.43, Poulson’s Trans. 47.

U. cuneatus, Raf. Ann. v. 47, Poulson’s Trans. 53.

Say, Amer. Conch. Syn. No. 35.

U. modioliformis, Say , (not Lea.)

IT. clavus, Lea, Synopsis, 26.

Kust. Chemn. Unio, 39, 7, 2.

247

1853.]

Unio coccineus, Hildreth , MSS.

Con., Monog., 1836, 29, 13, 1.

Lea , 1838, Synopsis, 35, vi. 12, 5, 12.
collinus, Con., Monog., 65, 36, 2, and 159, 60, 3.

Lea, Synopsis, 23.
complanatus, Soland. Lea, ( e )

Mya complanata, Soland. Portland Catalogue, 100.

Dillwyn, Catalogue, i. 51.

IT. complanatus, Lea, Synopsis, 32.

violaceus, Speng., Ferrus, Guerin’s Mag. 26.
coarctata, Lam., Anim. vi. 75.

Desk. ed. of Lam. vi. 535.

Enc. Method, ii. 581.
purpurascens, Lam., Desh. ed. vi. 536.
rhombula, “ var. b. “ fi “

carinifera, “ u (S ts

Georgina, “ « « «

sulcideris, “ tc “ 540.

glabrata, « «« « 537.

rarisulcata ? C( cs t( 534.

aurata, Raf., Ann. Poulson’s trans. 27.
jejunus ? Lea, vi. 9, 4, 9.

Chenu, pi. 20, fig. 1.

Roanokensis ? Lea, vi. 27, 8, 21, Synopsis, 32.
Delassert, Recueil. de Conchyl. pi. 12, fig. 3.

Chenu, pi. 12, fig. 5.

complanatus, Gould, Invert, of Mass. 107, 68, 69, 70.
Dekay , Zool. of New York, 188, 22, 246.

Agas., Stimpson’s Shells of N. Eng. 13.
purpureus, Say, Nicholson’s Enc. fig. 3.

Barnes, Sillim. Journ. vi. 264.
concavus, Lea, 1852, x. 260, 15, 1,1, Synopsis 29.
Congaraeus, Lea, 1832, iv. 62, 6, 4, Synopsis, 27.

Con., Monog., pi. 12, fig. 1.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 8, fig. 5.

compressissimus, Lea, 1845, x. 81, 8, 23. Synopsis, 24.

Conradicus, Lea, 1834, Synopsis, 21, v. 63, 9, 2.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, 87, 47, 3.
contrarius, Con., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc., i. 276, 37, 7.
constrictus, Con., Monog., pi. 49, fig. 4.

Lea, Synopsis, 29.

Cooperianus, Lea, 1834, v. 61, 8, 21, Synopsis 22.
cor, Con., New F. W. Shells, 28, 3, 3.

Lea, Synopsis, 26.

cordatus, Raf. (Obovaria,) Ann., v. 46, Poulson’s trans. 52.
Con., Monog., 48, 25.

Rust., Chemn. Unio, pi. 13, fig. 1.
creperus, Lea, vi. 33, 10, 28, Synopsis, 31.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 23, fig. 5.
crocatus, Lea, 1841, Synopsis 27, viii. 238, 22, 52.

, Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 33, fig. 1.

Cumberlandianus, Lea, 1S38, vi. 25, 7, 19, Synopsis 30.

U. Cumberlandicus, Chenu, pi. 24, fig. 1.

U. glaber 1 Lea.

cuneolus, Lea, 1842, viii. 193, 7, 3, Synopsis 24.

Chenu. Conchyl. Unio, pi. 30, fig. 2.

39

248

[February,

Unio Cuvierianus, Lea , 1852, x. 263, 16, 16, Synopsis 32.
cyphius, Raf., Poulson’s Trans. 39, v. 59.

Con. Monog. 113, 63.

U. gEsopus, Green , Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, i. 46, 3.

Lea3 Synopsis, 23.

Cylindricus, Say , Nicholson’s Enc. pi. 4, fig. 3.

U. naviformis, Lam., An. vi. 75, Desk. ed. 537.

El liptio solenoides, Ka/., Ann. v. 32, Poulson’s trans. 26.
Theliderma cylindrica, Swains ., Malac. pi. 271, fig. 54.

U. cylindricus, Hildreth , Silliman’s Journ. xiv. 283, fig. 13.

Lea , Synopsis, 23.

Cyrenoijdes, Phillipi , Conchyl. 1848, 11, 5, 1.

Lea , Synopsis, 25.

dactylus, Lea , 1841, viii. 196, 7, 7, Synopsis 36.

Chenn , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 30, fig. 5.

Dariensis, Lm, 1841, viii. 246, 26, 61, Synopsis 33.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 33, fig. 6.
decisus, Lea , 1832, iv. 92, 12, 23, Synopsis 26.

Cow. Monog. 3, 2, 6.

Kust. Chem. Unio pi. 7, fig. 3.

Chenu. Conch. Unio pi. 18, fig. 3.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 28.

declivis, Say., Transylvania Journ., Dec. 1831, iv. 527.

American Conch, pi. 35.

U. geometricus, Lea, 1834, v. 38, 4, 10, Synopsis 33.

JDesh. Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. 556.
delumbis, Con., New Fresh Water Shells, May, 1834, 35, 5, 3.

U. modioliformis, Lea, Aug. 1834, v. 97, 13, 40.
decoratus, Lea, 1852, x. 257, 13, 6, Synopsis 19.
dilatatus, Raf ., (Elliptio) Ann., v. 31, Poulson’s Trans. 25.

Con. Monog. 42,21.

U. cuprea, Raf., (young) Ann. 38, 81, 8, 9.

U. atroviolacea, Raf., (obliquaria) Ann. v. 55. Poulson’s trans. 69.
U. nasutus, Lam. not Say, An. sans Yert. vi. 538.

Ulustraled ed. Cuvier’s Regne Animal. Moll. 92, 2.

U. gibbosus, Barnes, Sillim. Journ. 1823, vi. 262.

U. arctior ? Lea, (young) Synopsis, 38, vi. 10, 4, 10.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, 33, 2.
discus, Lea, 1838, vi. 74, 18, 57. Synopsis 31,

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 19, fig. 6.
dolabraelormis, Lea, 1838, vi. 103, 24, 113, Synopsis 27.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 23, fig. 6.

•dolabelloides, Lea, 1842, viii. 215, 15, 31, Synopsis 35.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 29, fig. 4.

Dorfeuillianus, Lea, 1838, vi. 73, 17, 54, Synopsis 22.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 25, fig. 5.
dromas, Lea, 1834, v. 70, 10, 29, Synopsis 23.

Con. Monog. 84, 46, 2.

U. caperatus, Lea, 1845, x. 75, 5, 14.

Duttonianus, Lea, 1841, viii. 236, 22, 50, Synopsis 35.

Chenn. Conchyl. Unio, pi. 32, fig. 4.

Edgarianus, Lea, 1841, viii. 214,15, 30, Synopsis 25.

Chenn. Conchyl. Unio, pi. 29, fig. 5.

Eastbrookianus, Lea, 1845, x. 77, 6, 17. Synopsis 40.
exiguus, Lea, 1842, viii. 191, 7, 1, Synopsis 27.

Chenu. Conchyl. Unio, pi. 30, fig. 1.

1853.]

249

Unio excultus, Con., Monog. 99, 55,1.

U. declivis. Lea, (not Say,) Synopsis 33.
famelicus, Gould., Lea, Synopsis 31.
fasciolaris, Raf., Ann. v. 37, Poulson’s Trans. 36.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835, 27.

Say. Amer. Conch. Syn. No. 20.

U. phaseolus, Hildreth, Sillim. Journ, xiv. 283.

Lea. Synopsis, 38.

U. sinuatus, Raf., (very old) Ann. v. 55.

U. mucronatus, Barnes, Sillim. Journ. vi. 266, 13, 13.

U. pianulatus, Lea. iii. 431, 9, 13.

Chenu. Conchy 1. tJnio, pi. 13, fig. 1.

U. cuneatus, Barnes, (white var.) Fresh Water Shells, Sillim.

Journ. note to Hildreth, xiv. 283.

U. phaseolus, Say., Amer. Conch, pi. 22.

17. planulata, Desk., Lam. vi. 549.

U. camelus, Lea, (old) 1834, v. 102, 15, 45.
fasciatus, Ann., Poulson’s Trans 28.

Say. Amer. Conch. Syn. of Unio, No. 6.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835, 27.

Con. Monog. 3, 1.

U. Crassus ? Say, Nicholson’s Encyc. pi. 1, fig. 3.

U. carinatus, Barnes, Silliman’s Journ. vi. 126.

U. ellipticus, (( tc 259, 13, 19.

Hildreth , “ xiv. 278.

fasciolus, Raf., Ann. v. 33, Poulson’s Trans. 28.

U. subangulatiis, Lea, x. 209, 13, 23.
fatuus, Lea, viii. 201, 11, 14, Synopsis, 38.

Chenu. Conchyl. Unio, pi. 31, fig. 4.

Fisherianus, Lea, 1838, vi. 8, 4, 8, Synopsis 37.

Chenu. Conchyl. Unio, pi. 20, fig. 4.

U. nasutus, var. Con., not Say, Monog. 38, 18, 1.
flavescens, Lea , 1845, x. 72, 3,9, Synopsis 27.
flavus, Raf., Ann. v. 39, Poulson’s Trans. 38.

Con. Monog. 74, 41, 2.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835, 27.

Say. Amer. Conch. Syn., No. 22.

U. rubiginosus, Lea, 1832, iii. 427, 8, 10, Synopsis 24.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 13, fig. 4.
flexuosus, Raf. Ann. v. 40, Poulson’s Trans. 41.

Con. Monog. 8, 4, 2.

Say. Amer. Conch. Syn., No. 27.

U. foliatus, Hildreth, Sillim. Journ. xiv. 284, 16.

Lea. Synopsis, 20.

Floridensis, Lea, 1852, x. 274, 21, 31, Synopsis 39.
folliculatus, Lea, 1838, vi. 38, 11, 33, Synopsis 35.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 23, fig. 4.

Forbesianus, Lea, 1852, x. 264, 16, 17, Synopsis 24.

U. congaraeus ? Lea.

Foremanianus, Lea, 1841, viii. 247, 27, 64, Synopsis, 23.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 26, fig. 1.
fragosus, Con., Monog. 12, 6, 2.

Lea, Synopsis, 22.

fraternus, Lea, 1852, x. 263, 16, 15, Synopsis, 32.
fulgidus, Lea, 1845, x. 73, 4, 10, Synopsis, 25.

250

[February^

Unio furvus, Con., New F. W. Shells, 39, 6, 3.

Lea, Synopsis, 40.

U. Hanleyanus ? x. 279, 23, 37.

U. Troschelianus ? x. 286, 23, 39.
fuliginosus, Lea , 1845, x. 280, 23, 37, Synopsis, 33.
fuscatus, Lea, 1846, ix. 277, 40, 4, Synopsis, 30.
Geddingsianus, Lea, 1841, viii. 202, 11, 15, Synopsis 33.

Chenu,. Conchyl. Unio, pi. 31, fig. 3.

Georgianus, Lea, 1841, viii. 235, 21, 49. Synopsis 27.

Chenu . Conchyl. Unio, pi. 32, fig. 3.

♦gibber, Lea, vi. 35, 10, 30. Synopsis, 24.

Chenu . Conchyl. Unio, pi. 23, fig. 2.

Gibbesianus, Lea, 1852, x. 254, 12, 2, Synopsis 33.

♦glaber, Lea, 1838, vi. 34, 10,29, Synopsis 31.

Chenu . Conchyl. Unio, pi. 24, fig. 3.
glans, Lea, 1832, iv. 82, 8, 12, Synopsis 31.

Chenu. Conchyl. Unio, pi. 8. fig. 9.

U. Brumbyanus, Lea, 1841, viii. 245,26. 62.

Gouldii, Lea, 1845, x. 76, 6, 16, Synopsis 29.

•graniferus, Lea, vi. 69, 19, 60, Synopsis 22.

Chenu. Conchyl. Unio, pi. 25, fig. 3.

Greenii, Con., New Fresh Water Shells, 1834. 32, 4, 1.

Monog. 69, 38, 2.

Lea, Synopsis, 27.

U. simplex, Lea , 1845, x. 76, 5, 15, Synopsis 27.
Griffithianus, Lea, 1834, v. 103, 15, 46, Synopsis 33.
Haleianus, Lea, 1842, viii. 247, 27, 63, Synopsis 31.

Chenu. Conchyl. Unio, pi. 26, fig. 6.

Hayesianus, Lea, 1834, v. 35, 3, 7, Synopsis 26.
hebes, Lea, 1852, x. 267, 18, 21, Synopsis 26.
heterodon, Lea, 1833, iii. 428, 8, 11, Synopsis 24 .

Con. Monog. 90, 49, 3.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag., 1835, 26.

Chenu. Conchyl. Unio, pi. 16, fig. 2.

Holstonensis, Lea, 1841, viii. 212, 15, 27, Synopsis 25.

Chenu,. Conchyl. Unio, pi. 32, fig. 1.
hyalinus, Lea, 1845, x. 69, 2, 4, Synopsis 39.

Hydianus, Lea, 1838, vi. 14, 6, 14, Synopsis, 28.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 17, fig. 3.

U. Claibornensis ? Lea.

icterinus, Con. New Fresh Water Shells, May 1834, 41, 6, 5.
Monog. 39, 18, 2.

U. fulvus, Lea, Aug. 1834, v. 96, 13,39.
ineptus, Lea, 1852, x. 261, 15, 12, Synopsis, 31.

♦infucatus, Con . New Fresh Water Shells, 45, 3, 2.

Lea , Synopsis, 20.

U. securiformis ? Con.
intermedius, Con. Monog. 63, 35, 1.

Lea, Synopsis, 22.

interrupts, Raf. Ann. v. 36, Poulson’s trans. 33.

Con. Monog. 88, 48.

Fer. Guerin, Mag. 28.

Say, Amer. Conch, syn. No. 26.

U. brevidens,*iea, vi. 15, 6, 15, Synopsis, 32.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 8, fig. 6.

\

251

1853.]

Unio Jayensis, Lea , 1838, vi. 28, 9, 23, Synopsis, 37.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 22, 4.

•jejunus, Lea, 1838, vi. 9, 4, 9, Synopsis, 32.

Keinerianus, Lea , (Kienerianus ?) 1852, x. 281, 23,40, Synopsis, 22.
Kirtlandianus, Lea , 1834, v. 98, 14, 41, Synopsis, 35.

Kleinianus, Lea , 1852, x. 265, 17, 18, Synopsis, 20.
lanceolatus, Lea , 1832, iii. 266, 3, 2. Synopsis, 36.

Con. Monog. 32, 14, 2.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 8, fig. 1.
lapillus, Say, Trans. Journ. 1831, iv. 528, Amer. Conch. 41.

Con. Monog. 54, 29, 2.

U. fabalis, Lea, 1832, iv. 96, 10, 16, Synopsis, 31.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 8, fig. 4.

laevigatus, Raf. Ann. (Elliptio) v. 50,80, 11, 12,13, Poulson’s trans. 24.
U. lens, Lea, 1832, iv. 80, 8, 10. Synopsis, 34.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 30, fig. 4.
latiradiatus, Con., Monog. 96, 53.

U. interruptus, Lea, 1838. vi. 15. 6, 15. Synopsis, 27.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 17, fig. 4.
lazarus, Lea, 1852, x. 259, 14, 9, Synopsis, 39.

Lecontianus, Lea, 1838, vi. 40, 12, 35. Synopsis, 26.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 24, fig. 6.
lenior, Lea, 1841, viii. 204, 12, 18. Synopsis, 38.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 27, fig. 4.

Leseurianus, Lea, 1842, viii. 195, 8, 6. Synopsis, 35.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 30, fig. 4.
lineatus, Lea, 1841, viii. 206, 12, 20, Synopsis, 27.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 28, fig. 1.
lienosus, Con., Sillim. Journ.lxxv. 339, 1, 4; Monog. 91, 49, 4.

Lea, Synopsis, 29.

U. obscurus, Lea, vi. 7, 3, 7.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 17, fig. 1.
ligamentinus, Lam. Ann. sans Vert Desh. ed. vi. 533.

U. fasciolus, Con. (not Raf.) Monog. 26, 11, 2.

U. multiradiatus, Lea , 1832, iii. 48, 9, 15, Synopsis, 27.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 13, fig. 2.
limatulus, Con. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1849, i. 276, 37, 9-
Lea, Synopsis, 32.

U. Tuomeyi, Lea, 1852, x. 256, 13, 4. Synopsis, 33.

lineolatus, Raf. (obliquaria) Ann. 37, Poulson’s trans. 35.

Say, American Conch, pi. 68.

Synonym, of Unio, No. 18.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835, 28.

U. depressa, Raf. (not Lam.) Ann. v.

U. securis, Lea, 1832, iii. 437, 11, 17. Synopsis, 24.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 16, fig. 4.
luridus, Lea, x. 273, 20, 29. Synopsis, 30.
luteolus, Lam. Desh. An. sans Vert. vi. 544.

Delcay, Zool. of New York, 190, 20, 241.

Lea, Synopsis, 28.

U. siliquoideus, Con. Monog. 22, 10, 1.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835, 27.

U. siliquoideus, Barnes, Sillim. Journ. vi. 267.

U. inflatus, ib. ib. 267.

Lampsilis siliquoideus, Stimpson, Shells of New England, 14.

*252

[February,

Unio lugubris, Lea , vi. 30, 9, 25, Synopsis, 38.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 20, fig. 3.
maculatus, Con. New Fresh Water Shells, May, 1834, 30, 4, 4.

Lea, Synopsis, 24.

U. Ravenelianus, Lea, Aug. 1834, v. 32, 3, 5.

Masoni, Con. Monog. 28, 12, 2.

Lea, Synopsis, 34.

Kust. Chem. Unio, pi. 5, fig. 6.
mcestus, Lea, 1841, viii. 244, 26, 60. Synopsis, 31.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 28, fig. 3.
merus, Lea, 1852, x. 260, 15, 10. Synopsis, 33.

Menkianus, Lea, 1838, vi. 76, 19, 59, Synopsis, 27.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 19, fig. 4.

Metallicus. Say, Dissem. 1830.

Amer. Conch. Synonym, of Unio, No. 51.

U. cuprinus, Lea, 1834, iv. 94, 12, 24. Synopsis, 38.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 11, fig. 3.

metanever, Raf. Ann. v. 39. Poulson’s Trans. 39.

Fer., Guerin’s Mag. 1835, 27.

U. metanevrus, Say , Amer. Conch. Synonym, of Unio, 24.
Con-, Monog. 10, 5, 2.

Kust. Chemn. Unio, pi. 10, fig. 4.

U. nodosus, Barnes, Sillim. Journ. vi. 124, 6, 7.

U. rugosus, (?) ib. ib. vi. 126, 8, 9.

U. metanever, Lea, Synopsis, 22.

minor, Lea, 1846, ix. 276, 39, 2. Synopsis, 31.

Mississipiensis, Con., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. ii. 277, 38, 11.
Lea, Synopsis, 29.

Mortoni, Con., Monog. Dec. 1835, 11, 6, 1.

Kust. Chemn. Conchyl. Unio, pi. 11. fig. 1.

U. turgidus, Lea, 1837, vi. 11, 5, 11.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 25, fig. 1.

Miihlfeldianus, Lea , 1838, vi. 41, 12, 36. Synopsis, 30.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 17, fig. 5.

Monroensis, Lea, 1841, ix. 279, 41, 8. Synopsis, 29.
Moussianus, Lea , 1852, x. 268, 18, 22. Synopsis, 29.
Nashvillianus, Lea, 1834, v. 100, 14, 43. Synopsis, 29.
nasutus, Say, Nicholson’s Ency. article Conch, pi. 4, fig. 1.
Lister’s Conch., t. 151, fig. 6.

Con. Monog. 38,18,1.

Gould, Invert, of Mass. 109.

Dehay, Zool. of New York, 191, 20, 239.

Lea, Synopsis, 37.

Mya nasuta, Wood., Index Test. Sup. pi. 1, fig. 4.

U. rostratus, Valenc. Humb. and Bonpl., ii. 223, 53, 3.
Eurinea nasuta, Agas. St imps on’s Shells of New England, 13.
•nebulosus, Con. New Fresh Water Shells, 28, 3, 7.
neglectus, Lea , 1846, ix. 280,42, 10. Synopsis, 33.
nexus, Say, Transyl. Journ. 1831, fv. 527.

Amer. Conch, pi. 51.

Con. Monog. 68, 38, 1.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835, 28.

U. arcaeformis, Lea, 1832, iv. 116, 17,44. Synopsis, 13.
Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 12, fig. 3.

253

1853.]

Unio nervosus, Raf. Ann. v. 30. Poulson’s Trans. 22.

Say , Amer. Conch. Synonym, of Unio, No. 6.

U. zigzag, Lea, iii. 440, 12, 19. Synopsis, 24.

U. Donaciformis, iii. 267, 4, 3. Synopsis, 24.
nigellus, Lea , x. 283, 24, 42. Synopsis, 30.
niger, Raf. Ann. v. 25. (Elliptio,) Poulson’s Trans. 15.

Con. Monog. 49, 26.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835, 27.

Lister’s Conch, pi. 150, fig. 5.

U. incrassatus, Lea, 1842, viii. 217, 16, 34. Synopsis, 24.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 31, fig. 5.

U. gibber, (?) Lea.

nigerrimus, Lea, 1852, x. 268, 18, 23. Synopsis, 31.
nigrinus, Lea, x. 284, 24, 44, Synopsis, 39.
nitens, Lea, viii. 205, 12, 19. Synopsis, 29.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 28, fig. 5.
nodiferus, Con., ( g ) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. second ser. i. 277, 38, 4, 8.

U. prasinus, Lea, (not Con.) Synopsis, 22.
nodulatus, Raf. Ann. v. 41,81, 17, 18. Poulson’s Trans. 42.

Say, Amer. Conch. Synonym, of Unio, No. 6.

Fer., Guerin’s Mag. 1835,28.

U. pustulatus, Lea, 1832, iv. 79,7, 9. Synopsis, 22.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 15, fig. 8.
notatus, Lea, 1838, vi. 28, 8, 22, Synopsis, 29.

Novi-'Eboraci, Lea, 1838, vi. 104, 24, 114, Synopsis, 27.

Dehay, Zool. of New York, 194, 20, 240.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 19, fig. 5.
nucleopsis, Con., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. i. 276, 37, 8.

Lea, Synopsis, 35.

nexus. Say, Transylvania Journ. 1831, iv. 527. Amer. Conch. 51.
Cora. Monog. 68, 38, 1.

Ferussac, Guerin’s p. Mag. 28.

U. arcaeformis, Lea, 1832, iv. 116, 17,44, Synopsis, 23.
notatus, Lea, 1838, vi. 28, 8, 22, Synopsis, 29.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 21, fig. 3.

U. simus, Lea, vi. 26, 8,20.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 21, fig. 4.
obliquus, Lam. An. sans Yert. vi. 72.

Con. Monog. 77, 43, 2.

U. obliquus, Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835.

U. ebenus, Lea, 1832, iv. 84, 9, 14. Synopsis, 35
Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 15, fig. 7.

U. undatus, Desh. (not Barnes) Desh. «d. of Lam. vi. 534.

U. mytiloides, (?) Swain, (not.Ra/.) 43, Malac. 270, fig. 53.
obliquatus, Raf. (obliquaria) Ann. v. Poulson’s Trans. 46.

Say, Amer. Conch. Synonym of Unio, No. 33.

U. ridibundus, Say, Disseminator.

U. sulcatus. Lea, iii. 430, 8, 12, Synopsis, 26.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 13, fig. 3.
obovalis, Raf. v. 45, Poulson’s Trans. 49.

U. solidus, Lea, vi. 13, 5, 13, Synopsis, 25.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 25, fig. 2.

♦obtusus, Lea, viii. 201, 11, 13, Synopsis, 39.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 31, fig. 2.
occidentalis, Con. Monog. 64, 36, 1.

Lea, Synopsis, 33.

254

[February,

Unio ochraceus, Say , (A) Nicholson’s Encyclopedia, iv. 4, 2, 8.

Pectunculus fluviatilus, List. Conch, pi. 157, fig. 12.

Mytilus fluviatilus, Gmel. Dillwyn Cat. 316.

Symphynota ochracea, Lea , iii. 69.

U. ochraceus, Con . Monog. 37, 17, 2.

Gould,. Invert, of Mates. 112, 71.

Delcay , Zool. of New York, 193, 19, 137, 138.

U. rosaceus, (?) Con. (not Del-ay) Jour. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 275, 37, 5.
Olivarius, Raf. Ann. v. Poulson’s Trans. 28.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835, 28.

U. ellipsis, Lea , iii. 268, 4, 4. Synopsis, 26.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 18, fig. 1.

Ogeecheensis, Con. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. i. 275, 37, 3.
oratus, Con. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 276, 37, 6.
orbiculatus, Hild. 1828, Sillirn. Journ. xiv. 284, fig. 15.

Lea, Synopsis, 28.

U. abruptus, Say, Amer. Conch, pi. 17.

U. crassus, Con. Monog. 34, 16.
ovatus, Say, Nicholson’s Encyclopedia, iv. 7,2.

Lam. Anim. sans Vert. vi. 75.

Con. Monog. 4, 2.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835, 26:

Kust. Chemn. Unio, 22, 3, 2.

Lea, Synopsis, 24.

U. ventricosus, Desk, (not Barnes), Desh. ed. of Lam. vi. 538.

U. subovatus, ib. (not Am.)

U. occidens, (?) ib. ib. 528.

oviformis, Con., New Fresh Water Shells, 46, 3, 6.

Lea, Synopsis, 26.

pallescens, Lea, 1845, x. 79, 7, 20, Synopsis, 27.
paliatus, Lea, 1845, x. 79, 7, 20, Synopsis, 33.
paludicolor, Gculd, Proceed. Bost. S. N. H. ii. 63.

Lea, Synopsis, 33.

papyraceus, Gould, Proceed. Bost. S. N. H. ii. 53.

Lea, Syuopsis, 38.

parvus, Barnes, Sillim. Journ. vi. 174.

Con. Monog. 20, 9, 1.

Philippi , Conchyl. 19, 1, 2.

Lea, Synopsis, 31.

paulus, Lea, viii. 213, 15, 29, Synopsis, 31.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 27, fig. 5.
pectorosus, Con. New Fresh Water Shells, May, 1834, 37, 6, I.

Monog. 25, 11, 1.

Kust. Chemn. Unio, pi. 4, fig. 2.

U. perdix, Lea, Aug. 1834, v. 72, 11, 31, Synopsis, 26.

U. biangulatus, Lea, viii. 197, 9, 8.
pellucidus, Lea, 1845, x. 70, 2, 6, Synopsis, 39.
penitus, Con. New FreshWater Shells, 33, 5, 1.

Lea, Synopsis, 24.

perovatus, Sillim. Journ. xxv. 338, 1, 3.

Con. New Fresh Water Shells, 47,2, 3.

Lea, Synopsis, 27.

U. nux, Lea, x. 283, 24, 43.
perovalis,1 r Con. New Fresh Water Shells, 43, 2, 2.

Lea, Synopsis, 27.

pernodosus, Lea, 1845, x. 71, 3, 8, Synopsis,

1853.]

255

Unio pectitus, Con., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. iii. 2d series,
personatus, Say , (female) Disseminator, 1829, 309.

Con. Monog. 47, 24.

Kust. Chemn. Unio, pi. 10, fig. 1.

U. capillaris, Lea , 1834, v. 29, 2, 2, Synopsis, 35.

U. pileus, Lea , (male) 1832, iv. 119, 18, 47, Synopsis, 24.

Chenn , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 15, fig. 2.
perstriatus, Lea, 1852, x. 255, 12, 3, Synopsis, 36.

Phillipsii, Con. Monog. 9, 5, 1.

Lea, Synopsis, 22.

Kust. Chemn. Unio, pi. 10, fig. 3.
pictus, Lea, 1834, v. 73, 11, 32, Synopsis, 27.
pilaris, Lea, viii. 209, 14, 24, Synopsis, 35.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 29, fig. 3.
placitus, Lea, 1852, x. 279,23, 38, Synopsis, 29.
planilateris, Con. Monog. 103, 57, 1.
plenus, Lea, 1842, viii. 211, 14, 26, Synopsis, 25.
plexus, Con. ( j ) Monog. 1836, 89, 49, 1.

U. pliciferus, Lea, 1838, vi. 61, 17, 53, Synopsis, 20.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 22, fig. 5.

U. subtrapezius, Philippi, Conchyl. 1847, 12, 5, 2.

U. carbonarius, Lea, (old shell) vi. 37, 11, 32, Synopsis, 20.
Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 23, fig. 1.

Powellii, Lea, 1852, x. 270, 19, 25, Synopsis, 28.

politus, Say, Amer. Conch. Synonym, of Unio, No. 6.

U. brevialis, ? Lam. An. sans Vert. 1819, vi. 73.

TJ. olivarius, var. 2, Raf.

U. brevialis, Crouch, Illustrated Lamarck, 1827, 16, 9, 3.

U. subrotundus, Lea, (not Raf.) 1832, iv. 117, 18,45, Synopsis, 26.
Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 15, fig. 1.

U. politus, Con. Monog. 67,37, 2.

Pretfostianus, Lea, 1852, x. 269, 19,24, Synopsis, 29.
prasinus, Con. (£) New Fresh Water Shells, May, 1834, 44.

Monog. 79, 44, 2.

U. Schoolcraftensis, Lea, Aug. 1834, v. 37, 3, 9.

U. nodiferus, Lea, (not Con.) Synopsis, 22.

productus, Con., Monog. 44.

Kust. Chemn. Unio, pi. 16, fig. 2.

Lea, Synopsis, 37.

proximus, Lea, 1852, x. 271, 20, 27, Synopsis, 29.
pullus, Con. Monog. 100, 55, 2.

Lea, Synopsis, 31.

•pulvinulus, Lea, 1845, x. 81, 8, 24, Synopsis, 26.
pumilis, Lea, 1838, vi. 23, 7, 17, Synopsis, 24.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 19, fig. 1.
puniceus, Haldeman, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. viii. 201.
purpuratus, Lam. (/) Desh. An. sans Vert. vi. 533.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835, 26.

U. ater, Lea, iii. 426, 7, 9.

U. lugubris, Say, Amer. Conch, pi. 43.

U. atra, Desh. Enc. Method. Vers. ii. 528.

U. purpuratus, Lea , Synopsis, 38.

Mya ventricosa, Soland. Humph. Catalogue, No. 1084, 59.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 10, fig. 1.

40

[February,

256

Unio purpuriatus, Say , Disseminator, 1829.

U. Medellinus, Lea, 1838, vi. 39, 12, 34, Synopsis, 29.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 17, fig. 6.
pusillus, Lea, viii. 220, 18, 36, Synopsis, 31.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 32, fig. 5.
pygmceus, Lea, x. 262, 15, 14, Synopsis, 31.
quadrulus, (m) Raf. Ann. v. 41, Poulson’s Translation, 42.

Say, Amer. Conch, pi. 53.

Con. Monog. 112, 62.

U. asperrimus, Lea, iv. 71, 5, 3, Synopsis, 21.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 9, fig. 2.

U. lachrymosus, Lea, iii. 272, 6, 8, (young) pi. 15, fig. 6, Synop. 21.
Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 15, fig. 6.
radiatus, Lam. Desk. An. sans Vert. vi. 535.

Mya radiata, Gmel. vide Lam.

Mya, Schrot. Eil. 614.

Mya radiata, Dillwyn , Cat. i. 51.

Mya pictorum tenuis, Chemn. vi. 23, 2, 7.

U. Virginiana, Lam. Desh. An. sans Vert. vi. 544.

Delassert, Recueil de Coquilles, pi. 13, fig. 4.

Mya oblongata, Wood. Supplement to Index Test. pi. 5, fig. 2.
Conchyl. pi. 12, fig. 4.

U. ochraceus, Desh. (not Say,) ed. Lam. vi. 536.

U. radiatus, Con. Monog. 24, 10, 2.

Lea, Synopsis, 29.

DeJcay, Zool. of New York, 189, 18, 236.

Gould, Invert, of Mass. 110.

Lampsilis radiata, Ag-as.MSS. Stimpson’s Shells of New Eng. 13.
•Rangianus, Lea, 1838, vi. 85, 18, 56, Synopsis, 2 Z.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 24, fig. 5.

Raveneli, Con. New Fresh Water Shells, May, 1834, 39, 6, 4.

U. confertus, Lea, Aug. 1834, v. 103, 16, 47, Synopsis, 30.

U. Watereensis, Lea, Aug. 1838, v. i. 130, note, Synopsis, 33.
rectus, Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. 74, Desh. ed. 537.

Con. Monog. 33, 15.

U. latissima, (Elliptio,) Raj. Ann. v. 31, Poulson’s Trans. 25.

U. praelongus, Barnes, Sillim. Journ. vi. 261.

U. rectus, Kust. Chemn. Conchyl. 35, 6, 1.

Lea, Synopsis, 35.

Eurinea praelonga, Agas. MSS. Stimpson’s Shells of New Eng. 13.
Reevianus, Lea, 1852, x. 272, 20, 28, Synopsis, 28.
reflexus, Raf. Ann. v. 40, Poulson’s Trans. 40.

Con. Monog. 7, 4, 1.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835, 28.

Say, Synonym, of Unio, No. 25.

Kust. Chemn. Unio, pi. 11, fig. 2.

U. cornutus, Barnes , Sillim. Journ. vi. 122.

Lea, Synopsis, 22.

regularis, Lea, 1841, viii. 243, 25, 59, Synopsis, 29.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 33, fig. 3.
retusus, Lam. Desh. An. sans Vert. vi. 534.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835, 28.

Say, Amer. Conch. Synonym, of Unio, No. 26.

Con. Monog. 1, 19, 8.

Lea, Synopsis, 35.

U. torsa, Raf. Ann. v. 45, 82, 1, 2, 3, Poulson’s Trans. 40.

Kust. Chemn. Conchyl. Unio, pi. 13, fig. 2.

U. obtusa, Cuv. Regne Animal, illust. edit. pi. 92, fig. 1.

257

1853.]

Unio rivularis, Con. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1853, iii. 2d series.

U. declivis, Con. (not Say ) Monog. 45, 23, 1.

Kust. Chemn. Unio, pi. 14, fig. 1.

Lea , Synopsis, 33.

•Roanokensis, Lea, 1838, vi. 27, 8, 21, Synopsis, 32.
rosaceus, Dekay , Zool. of New York, 192, 39, 355, 356, and pi. 40, fig.357.

rotundatus, Lam. An..sans Yert. Desh. ed. vi. 538.

U. suborbiculata, Lam. Desh. ib. 546.

decorticata, Raf. Ann. v. 36, Poulson’s Trans. 33.
glebulus, Say, Amer. Conch, pi. 34.
subglobosus, Lea, v. 30, 2, 3.
rotundatus, Lea, Synopsis, 34.

rubellus, Con. New Fresh Water Shells, 38, 6, 2.

Lea, Synopsis, 34.

Ruber, Raf. v. 48, Poulson’s Trans. 55.

U. pyramidatus, Lea, iv. 109, 16, 39, Synopsis, 25.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 16, fig. 5.

U. coccineus, Jay, (not Hildreth,) Catalogue, 66.
rudis, Con. Monog. 76, 43, 1.

U. Ravenelianus, Lea, v. 32, 3, 5, Synopsis, 26.
rufusculus, Lea, 1852, x. 258, 14, 7, Synopsis, 33.

Rumphianus, Lea, 1852, x. 276, 22, 34.
sagittiformis, Lea, 1852, x. 277, 22,35, Synopsis, 37.

Sapotalensis, Lea, viii. 233, 21, 47, Synopsis, 29.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 33, fig. 4.
saxeus, Con. Monography of North American Unionidae, 109, 60, 1.
satur, Lea , 1852, x. 265, 17, 19, Synopsis, 24.

Lea, Synopsis, 27.

•seeuriformis, Con. Journ. A. N. S. i. 275, 37, 1.

semigranosus, V. d. Busch.

Phillippi , Conchyl. Unio, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3.

Lea, Synopsis, 20.

Shepardianus, Lea, 1834, v. 95, 13, 38, Synopsis, 35.

Con. Monog. 70, 39.

simus, Lea, 1838, vi. 26, 8, 20, Synopsis, 31.
sintoxia,* Raf. v. 44, Poulson’s Trans, v. 48.
sordidus, Lea, 1852, x. 254, 12, 1. Synopsis, 33.

Sowerbianus, Lea, 1834, v. 68, 10, 28, Synopsis, 25.

Con. Monog. 66, 37, 1.

sparsus, Lea, 1841, viii. 242, 25, 58, Synopsis, 22.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 26, fig. 2.
spatulatus, Lea, 1845, x. 80, 8, 22.
spinosus, Lea, vi. 57, 16, 50, Synopsis, 23.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 22, fig. 6.
splendidus, Lea, vi. 70, 19, 61, Synopsis, 27.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 17, fig. 7.
stagnalis, Con. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. i. 275, 37, 2.

Lea, Synopsis, 27.

* The specimen in Mr. Poulson’s cabinet labelled sintoxia by Rafinesque is
a large compressed shell, similar in outline to TJ. coceineics. Length 3| inches $
height 3 inches.

258

[February,

Unio stapes, Lea, 1832, iv. 77, 7, 8, Synopsis, 22.

Con. Monog. 83, 46, 1.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835, 28.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 15, fig. 5.

stegarius, Raf. Ann. v. 46, Poulson’s Trans. 51.

Con. Monog. 83, 46, 1.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835, 28.

U. irroratus, Lea, 1852, iii. 269, 5, 5, Synopsis, 22.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 10, fig. 3.

Stewardsonii, Lea, 1852, x. 278, 23, 36, Synopsis, 20.

Stonensis, Lea, viii. 195, 8, 5, Synopsis, 27.

8tramineus, Con. Sillim. Journ. xxv.339, 1, 6.

Monog. 91, 50, 1.

Lea, Synopsis, 28.

striatus, Lea, 1841, viii. 203, 12, 16, Synopsis, 26.
strigosus, Lea, 1841, viii. 198, 9, 9, Synopsis, 36.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 30, fig. 6.
subinflatus, Con. New Fresh Water Shells, Appendix, 1835, 5.
Monog. 97, 54, 1.

U. Hopetonensis ? Lea, 1838, vi. 29, 9, 24, Synopsis, 32.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 20, 5.
subplanus, Con. Monog. 73, 41, 1.

Lea, Synopsis, 33.

subrotundus, Raf. (young) Ann. 42, Poulson’s Trans. 44.

Say , Amer. Conch. Synonym, of Unio, No. 32.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. p. 28.

U. striatus, Raf. (old) Ann. v. 45, Poulson’s Trans. 50.

circulus, Lea, iii. 433, 9, 14, Synopsis, 34.

Chenu. Conchyl. Unio, pi. 16, fig. 1.

subtentus, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. v. 130, Amer. Conch, pi. 15.
Con. Sillim. Jour. xxv. 339, 1, 4, Monog. 85, 47, 1.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835.

Lea, Synopsis, 21.

subrostratus, Say, Disseminator, 1830.

U. iris, Lea, iii. 439, 11, 18, Synopsis, 38.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 8, fig. 7.

symmetricus, Lea, 1845, x. 73, 4, 11, Synopsis, 32.

Tampicoensis, Lea, vi. 24, 7, 18, Synopsis, 26.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 21, fig. 5.
taeniatus, Con. New Fresh Water Shells, 26, 4, 2.

U. pulcher, Lea , vi. 6, 3, 6, Synopsis, 28.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 17, fig. 2.

Taitianus,^Xea, 39,4,11, Synopsis, 25.

Tecomatensis, Lea, 1841, viii. 234, 21, 48, Synopsis, 27.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 31, fig. 6.

Tennesseensis, Lea , 1842, viii. 199, 10, 11, Synopsis, 27.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 27, fig. 1.
tener, Lea, 1842, 'viii. 198, 10, 10. Synopsis, 28.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 31, fig. 1.

tenerus, Ravenel , Lea, 1834, v. 63, 9,2. Synopsis, 39.

U. tenebrosus, Con. New Fresh Water Shells, 42, 7, 1.

tetralasmus, Say, Amer. Conch, pi. 23.

Lea, Synopsis, 32.

259

1853.]

Unio teres, Raf. Ann., v. 55, Poulson’s trans. 68.

Con . Monog. 52, 28.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835, 27.

Say , Synonym, of Unio, No. 42.

U. Anodontoides, Lea , iv. 86, 8, 11, Synopsis, 36.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 14, 3.

trabalis, Con. New Fresh Water Shells, Mav, 1834, 27, 3, 5.

Monog., 110,60,2.

U. Troostensis, Lea , Aug. 1834, v. 71, 10, 30, Synopsis, 25.
trigonus, Lea , 1832, iv. 110, 16, 40, Synopsis 25.
tortivus, Lea, 1842, viii. 204, 12, 17, Synopsi- 24.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 29, fig. 6.

torulosus, Raf. (obliquaria) Ann. v. 48, Poulson’s Trans. 56.
Fer., Guerin’s Mag. 1835, p. 28.

Kast.f Chemn. Unio, 28, 4, 3,4.

Say , Amer. Conch. Synonym, of Unio, No. 40.

(J. gibbosus, Raf., Con. Monog. 50, 27.

Kust. Chemn. Unio, 28, 4, 3, 4.

U. perplexus, Lea , iv. 122, 17, 42, Synopsis, 23.

Chenu , pi. 18, fig. 5.

triqueter, Raf. Ann. v. 34, Poulson’s Trans. 31.

U. triangularis, Barnes , vi. 272, fig. 17.

U. formosus, Lea, iv. Ill, 16,41.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 8, fig. 12.

U. triangularis. Lea , Synopsis, 22.

truncatus, Raf. Ann. v. 35, Poulson’s Trans. 31.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835,

Say , Amer. Conch. Synonym, of Unio, No.

U. elegans, Lea , iv. 83, 9, 13, Synopsis, 23.

Cherniy Conchyl. Unio, pi. 15, fig. 3.

trossulus, Lea, ix. 278, 40, 6, Synopsis, 25.

tuberosus, Lea, 1842, viii. 210, 14, 25, Synopsis, 22.

Chenu , pi. 28, fig. 7.

tumescens, Lea, 1845, x. 71, 3, 7. Synopsis, 25.
undatus, ( n ) Barnes, Sillim. Journ. vi. 121, 4, 4.
unicolor. Lea, 1845, x. 74, 4, 12, Synopsis, 34.
utriculus, Lea, 1845, x. 69, 1, 3, Synopsis,

Vanuxemiensis, Lea, 1838, vi. 36, 11, 31, Synopsis, 29.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 19, fig. 3.

Vaughnianus, Lea , vi. 5, 3, 5, Synopsis, 38.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 21, fig. 1.
velatus, Con., 1853, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. iii. 2d series,
venustus, Lea, 1838, vi. 4, 2, 4, Synopsis, 27.

Chenu. Conchyl. Unio, pi. 22, fig. 1.
verrucosus, Raf. Ann. v. 42, Poulson’s Trans. 44.

U. tuberculatus, Barnes, Sillim. Journ. vi.

Hildreth , Sillim. Jour. xiv. 281, fig. 8. Lea, Synopsis, 23.
viridis, (o) Raf. Ann. v. 27, Poulson’s Trans. 19.

Con., Monog., 36, 17, 1.

U. Tappanianus, Lea, vi. 62, 17, 55, Synopsis, 39.

Dekay, Zool. of New York, part i. 194, 20, 242.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 20, fig. 2.

260

[February,

Unio vibex, Con. New FreshWater Shells, 31, 4, 3.

Lea , Synopsis, 30.

Whiteanus, Lea , 1852, x. 258, 14, 8, Synopsis 33.

Zeiglerianus, Lea , 1838 (Zieglerianus ?) vi. 32, 10,27. Synopsis, 29.
Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 24, fig. 2.

Metaptera, Raf., Agas.

Metap. alata.

U. alata, Say , Nicholson’s Encyclopedia, iv. pi. 4, fig. 2.

Lam. Anim. sans Vert. 1819, vi. 76. Desk. ed. of Lam. vi. 539.
Symphynota alata, Lea, iii. 448. U. alatus, Synopsis, 19.

Barnes, Sillim. Journ. vi. 260.

Con., Monog., 56, 31.

Metaptera megaptera, Raf., Ann. v. 34, 80, 20, Poulson’s Trans. 29.
Symphynota alata, Lea, iii. 448. U. alatus, Synopsis, 19.

Lymnadia alata, Swains. Malac. 265, 48.

U. alatus, Rust. Chemn. Unio. 15, 1, 1.
fragilis.*

Elliptio fragilis, Raf. Ann. v. 29. Poulson’s Trans. 22.

U. fragilis, Swains ., Zool. Illust. 1st ser. pi. 171.

U. fragilis, Say, Amer. Conch. Syn. No. 6.

Rust. Chemn. Unio, 19, 3, 1.

U. gracilis, Barnes, Sillim. Journ. vi. 174.

Symphynota gracilis, Lea, iii. 452. U. gracilis, Synopsis, 19.
inflata.

Symphynota inflata, Lea, iv. 99, 14, 28.

U. inflatus, Monog. 57,32.

Lea, Synopsis, 19.

Rust. Chem. TTnio, 17, 2, 1.

U. Alabamensis, Con., New Fresh Water Shells, p. 67.

Ohiensis.

Lastena Ohiensis, Raf. Ann. v. 50, Poulson’s Trans. 60.

U. laevissimus, Lea , iii. 444, 13, 23, Synopsis, 19.

Plectomerus, Con.

Shell subalated, obliquely plicated; cardinal teeth very thick, sulcated, the
posterior lobe directed towards the posterior extremity of the shell ; posterior
muscular impressions scarcely impressed, confluent.

Plect. atromarginatus.

U. atromarginatus, Lea, viii. 207, 13, 21, Synopsis, 19.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 28, fig. 6.

Boykianus.

U. Boykianus, Lea, viii. 208, 13, 22, Synopsis, 19.

Chenu, Conchyl. Unio, pi. 27, fig. 2.
costal us.

U. costatus, Raf. Ann. v. 49, Poulson’s Trans. 57.

Con. Monog. 17, 7.

U. undulatus, Barnes, Sillim. Journ. vi. 120, pi. 2.

Lea, Synopsis, 20.

U. latecostatus, Lea, 1845, x. 68, 1, 2.

* I have not quoted Stimpson for this species, because he says that the Ohio
species is different from the shell usually regarded as the same, which inhabits
Lake Champlain, and he refers only to the latter. Rafinesque described the
Western shell. As Say’s U. alatus was found in Lake Erie, I do not know
whether Agassiz considers it the same as the Ohio river species, or as that of
Lake Champlain.

261

1853.]

Plect. crassidens.

U. crassidens,* (a) Lam., An. sans Vert. vi. 71.

interruptus, Say., Transylvania Journ., 1831, iv. 525.
Amer. Conch, pi. 33.

trapezoides. Lea, 1838, vi. 69, 3, 1, Synopsis, 21.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 28, fig. 6.

Nicklinianus.

U. Niekiinianus, Lea, v. 28, 1, 1, Synopsis, 19.

perplicatus, Con. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. i. 19.

Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. ii. 276, 38, 2.

U. atrocostatus, Lea, Aug. 1845, x. 70, 2, 15, Synopsis, 20.

*plectophorus, Con. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. i. 2d ser. 277, 38, 7.
plicatus.

U. plicatus, Say , Nicholson’s Enc., article Conch, iv.

Barnes , Sillim. Journ. vi. 120, 3, 3.

Lea, Synopsis, 20.

[J. Peruviana, Lam., An. sans Vert. vi. 71.

Enc. Method, pi. 248, fig. 7.

U. rariplicata, Lam., vi. 71. Desk. ed. of Lana. v. 533.
Dombeyanus, Valenc.

undulatus. Desk, (not Barnes) ed. of Lam. vi. 533.
multiplicatus, Desk, (not Lea) ib. vi. 533.

crassus, Barnes, Sillim. Journ. vi. 118, 1, 1.
plicata, Swains., Malac. 271, 54, e.

Hippopaeus, Lea, 1845, x. 68, 1, 1.

Sloatianus.

U. Sloatianus, Lea, viii. 217, 16, 33, Synopsis, 21.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 32, fig. 7.

U. plectophorus ? Con.

Complanaria, Swains., Agas.

Comp, complanata.

Alas, complanata, Barnes, Sillim. Journ. vi. 278, 13, 22.

Hild. ibid. xiv. 289.

Symphynota complanata, Lea, iii. 448.

U. complanata, Desk. ed. of Lam. vi. 559.

Katherina, Lea, Synopsis, 42.

costata.

Alasmidonta costata, Raf., Ann. v. 52, 82, 15, Poulson’s Trans. 63.
Alasmodonta rugosa, Lames, Sillim. Journ. vi. 278, 13, 21.
Complanaria rugosa, Agas. Stimpson’s Shells of New Eng. 14.

compressa.

Symphynota compressa, Lea, 1832, iii. 450, 12, 22.

U. compressus, Con. Monog. 71, 40, 1.

Delcay, Zool. of New York, 191, 21, 245.

Lea, Synopsis, 19.

Complanaria alasmodontina, Stimpson, Shells of New Eng. 14.

* This species is identical with the interrupts of Say and trapezoides of Lea.
The description “ antice binis ternisve subsinuosa,” can apply to no other
species which could be compared with Say’s interruptus. This description
applies to (a) of Lam., which Mr. Lea acknowledges to be his trapezoides ,
and is the type of crassidens . How, then, can he set it aside, and take up h
as the type of that species, especially as it does not agree with the description?

262

[February,

Margaritana, Schumacher .

Marg. arcuata.

Alasmodonta arcuata, Barnes , Sillim. Journ. vi. 277, 12, 20.
Gould , Invert, of Mass. 114, fig. 75.

Dehay , Zool. of New York, 197, 14, 224.

Margaritana margaritifera, Lea , (not Lin.) Synopsis, 43.

M. arcuata, Stimpson , Shells of New England, 15.
falcata, Gould .
monodonta.

Unio monodontus, Amer. Conch, pi. 6.

Desk. ed. of Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. 553.

Alas, monodonta, Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1S35, note 8, 31.

U. Soleniformis, Lea , iv. 86, 10, 16, Synopsis, 39.

Chenu , Conchyl. Unio, pi. 14, fig. 4.

Alasmodonta, Say.

arcula, Leaf 1838, vi. 71,22, 69, Synopsis, 42.
confragosa, Say. Amer. Conch, pi. 21.

U. confragosa, Desk. ed. of Lam. vi. 553.

Marg. confragosa, Lea, Synopsis, 42.
marginata, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. i. 459.

BarneSf Sillim. Journ. vi. 279.

U. varicosa, Lam. An. sans. Vert. vi. 78, Desh. ed. 543.

Mya rugulosa, Wood. Index, Sup. pi. 1, fig. 7.

Margaritana marginata, Lea, Synopsis, 42.

Alas, marginata, Dehay , Zool. of New York, 196, 14, 226.
truncata, Say, MSS. Gould, Invert. 117.

Alas, marginata, Auc. (Western var.)

Leptodea, Raf..

Lept. lata, Raf., Ann. v. 51, 82, 17, Poulson’s Trans. 61.

U. dehiscens, Say, Disseminator, ii. 308.

Amer. Conch, pi. 24.

Desh. ed. of Lam. 554.

U. oriens, Lea, v. 4, 6, 5, Synopsis, 43.

U. dehiscens, Lea, Synopsis, 43.

Chenu. Conchyl. Unio, pi. 14, fig. 2.

Anodonta lata, Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 1835, 25.

U. latus, Say, Amer. Conch. Syn. of Unio, No. 44.
leptodon, Raf., Ann. v. Poulson’s Trans. 21.

U. leptodon, Say. Amer. Conch. Syn. of Unio, No. 6.

Fer. Guerin’s Mag. 25.

Con., Monog. 59, 33.

U. planus, Barnes , Sillim. Journ. vi. 272.

Anodonta purpurascens, Swain., Zool. Illust. 1st ser. iii. pi. 160.
Symphynota tenuissima, Lea, iii. 453, 11, 21.

Unio tenuissima, Lea, Synopsis, 38.

Strophitus, Raf. Hemiodon, Swains.

argenteus.

Anod. argentea, Lea, 223, 19, 41.

Arkansensis.

Anod. Arkansensis, Lea, x. 293, 29, 56.
calceolus.

U. calceola, Lea, iii. 265, 3, 1.

Desh. ed. of Lam. An. sans Vert. 546.

Margaritana calceola, Lea, Synopsis, 43.

263

1853.]

Stroph. Curreyanus.

Margaritana Curreyana, Lea , viii. 223, 18, 40, Synopsis, 42.
deltoideus.

Marg. deltoidea, Lea , vi. 43, 13, 38, Synopsis, 42.
edentulus.

Alas, edentula, Say, Disseminator.

Anodonta edentula, Defray , Zool. of New York, 201, 15, 231.
A. edentula, Lea , Synopsis, 49.

A. areolata, Swains., Zool. Illust. 2d ser. i. pi. 1.

Etowaosis, Con. Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc.#849, iv. 154.
fabula.

Marg. fabula, Lea, vi. 44, 13, 39, Synopsis, 44.
Hildrethianus.

Marg. Hildrethiana, Lea, v. 36, 3, 8. Synopsis, 43.

Holstonia ?

Marg. Holstonia, Lea, vi. 42, 13, 37, Synopsis, 44.
minor.

Marg. minor, Lea, x. 82, 8, 26, Synopsis, 42.

Tadiatus, Con.

Alas, radiata, Sillim. Journ. xxv. 34, 1, 10.

Marg. radiata, Lea, Synopsis, 43.

Ravenelianus.

Marg. Ravenelianus, Lea, v. 106, 17, 50, Synopsis, 42.
Shaefferiana.

Anod. Shaefferiana, Lea, x. pi. 26, fig. 50.
tetragona.

Anod. tetragona, Lea, 1846, x. 82, 8, 25.

•unadilla, Defray, Zool. of New York, part i. 199, 15, 228.
undulatus.

Anod. undulata, Say, Nicholson’s Ency. iv. pi. 3, fig. 6.
Gould, Invert, of Mass. 120.

Anod. rugosa, Swains ., Zool. Illust. 1st series, ii. 96.

A. Pennsylvanica, Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. 86.

Strophitus undulatus, Stimp. Shells of New England, 1 5.
virgatus, Con. Monog. cover of No. 6, June, 1836.

Anod. Wardiana, Lea, 1838, vi. 46, 14, 42.

Anodonta, Cuvier, Lam.

Anod. angulata, Lea, vi. 97, 16, 52.

Benedictensis, Lea , vi. 104, 16, 48.

Buchanensis, Lea, vi. 47, 16, 43.

Californiensis, Lea, x. 286, 25, 47.

cataracta, ( a ) Say , Nicholson’s Encyc. iv. pi. 3, fig. 4.

Lam. An. sans Vert. vi. 85.

A. fiuviatilis. Lea, vi. 138, Synopsis,

Gould, Invert, of Mass. 117.

Defray , Zool. of New York, 203, 18, 234.

Kust. Chemn. Unio, 33, 7, 2.
cognata, Gould.

Couperiana, Lea, viii. 227, 20, 46.
cylindracea, Lea, vi. 45, 13, 40.
decora, Lea, vi. 64, 20, 63.

declivis, Con. Sillim. Journ., July, 1834, xxv. 341, 1, 11,

A. plana, Lea , Aug. 1834, v. 48, 7, 18.

41

264

[February,

Anod. denigrata, Lea , 1852, x. 285, 25, 45.

excurvata, LeJcay , Zool. of New York, 202, 17, 233.
fragilis, Lam. An. sans Yert. vi. 85.
ferruginea, Lea, viii. 225, 19, 43.

Ferussaciana, v. 45, 6, 15.

Footiana, Lea, viii. 226, 20, 44.

gibbosa, Say, Long’s Ex. to St. Peter’s, 1824, ii. 26‘5. Lea, Synopsis, 50.
gigantea, Lea. vi. 1, 1, 1.
glauca, Valen. Lea, Synopsis, 50.

Delassert , Recueil de Coquilles, pi. 13, fig. 3.

grandis, Say , Dissem. 1829, 341.

Lea, Synopsis, 51.
corpulenta, Cooper , MSS.

Harpenthis, Lea, viii. 224, 19, 42.

imbecilis. Say, Dissem. 1829.
incerta, Lea, 1834, v. 46, 6, 16.

implicata, Say, Dissem. 350.

Gould, Invert, of Mass. 118, 78.

A. Newtonensis, Lea, vi. 79. 21, 66.

impura, Say, Dissem. 1829. Lea, Synopsis, 53.

Linneana, Lea, x. 289, 27, 51.
lugubris, Say , Disseminator, 1829, 340.

Marryattana, Lea , viii. 226, 20, 45.

marginata, ( b ) Say, Nicholson’s Encyclop. iv. pi. 3. fig. 1.

Nuttalliana, Lea, vi. 77, 20, 62.
oblita, Lea, 1852, x. 290, 28, 52.
opaca, Lea, 1852, x. 285, 25, 46.

Oregonensis, Lea, vi. 80, 21, 67.
ovata, Lea, vi. 2, 2, 2.
pavonia. Lea, vi. 78, 21, 45.

Pepiniana, Lea, vi. 96, 16, 51.

plicata, Hald. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. viii. 202.

salmonia, Lea, vi. 45, 14, 41.

Stewartiana, Lea, v. 47, 6, 17.
suborbiculata, Say, Amer. Conch, pi. 11.
subcylindracea, Lea, vi. 106, 24, 117.
subvexa, Con., Sillim. Journ. xxv. 341, 1, 12.
teres, Con. New Fresh Water Shells, 47, 7, 2.
virens, Lea, x. pi. 28. fig. 53.

Wahlamatensis, Lea, vi. 68, 20, 64.

NOTES.

(a.) JJnio asper. Ferussac considered this species and Say’s apiculatus the
same; but there is a strongly marked difference in the arrangement of the
tubercles and in the form of the shells posteriorly. (Guerin’s Mag. 1835.)

(6.) U. cariosus. In my Monograph I followed Ferussac in referring U.
luteola, Lam., to this species, but his description does not apply. It very well
describes U. siliquoideus, Barnes, in an early stage of growth.

1853.]

265

( c .) TJ. cerinus. This species cannot be confounded with flavus ; it has much
less prominent beaks, more compressed disks, is proportionally longer, with the
hinge and basal margins more nearly parallel, while the color of the epidermis
and of nacre are very different. Mr. Lea seems to have hastily made them one
species, probably without having time or inclination to compare them.

(e.) TJ. complanatus , Soland. There has been some controversy respecting
the original name of this species, but it seems clear that Solander had Say’s
purpureas in view when he described his species. He not only remarks that it
inhabits rivers in Maryland and New Jersey, but his description, “ ovate, com¬
pressed, with the front (posterior) margin straight, obliquely truncated towards
the cardinal slope, hinge with the primary teeth three-sided and striated,” applies
very well to a common variety of Say’s purpureas. If Solander’s name had
been founded alone on the figure in Lister, t. 150, fig. 5, it could not be retained,
because the species intended to be represented by that figure will probably ever
be disputed; and it represents TJ. niger, Raf., much better than the shell in
question. Lamarck even quotes it for erassidens , (Lea’s trapezoides ,) w'hich it
certainly does not resemble. The words <£ admodum crassus,” engraved on
Lister’s plate, prove that it was an exceedingly thick shell, and a Western
species.

(/.) TJ. clava. Kuster has quoted Rafinesque’s figures 23 and 24 for his gibbosa,
which is a nodulosus species not figured on any of his plates. Those figures
represent TJ. scalenia.

(g.) TJ. nodiferus , Con. Mr. Lea considers this identical wTith prasinus.
Since I have compared several specimens with a fine series of the latter species,
I see little resemblance between them. The nodiferus is a smaller, more ven-
tricose and inequilateral shell, and the large tubercles grouped together about
the middle of the disc, are never seen in prasinus. The latter has the slightly
prominent tear-shaped tubercles like the young quadrulus , very dissimilar in
number, shape and prominence to those of the nodiferus. Three specimens of
the latter, from Alabama, are in the collection of the Academy.

(A.) TJ. ochraceus , Say. T. 157, fig. 12, in Lister’s Conch., is usually referred to
Anodonta cataracta of Say, but it much better agrees with the Southern variety
of TJ. ochraceus. The color, “ subruber,” does not agree with any of our Ano-
dontas, and, moreover, Lister names it Pectunculus, under which general term
he includes Galathea , Paxyodon and Cyclas , which is sufficient evidence that
his Pectunculus fluviatilis had well defined teeth. The cardinal teeth of the
Southern ochraceus being distinctly striated, would account for the name of
Pectunculus being applied to it. Besides, it will be observed that Lister com¬
mences the Anodontas with the heading of “ Section 2d, De musculis cardine
laevi,” which includes three species. His Section 3d then commences under
the heading of (i Pectunculus.” This is proof positive that his t. 157, fig. 12,
is not an Anodonta.

(t.) TJ. obliquus, Lam. Mr. Lea has referred Barnes’ undatus to this species,
but Lamarck’s description is wholly inapplicable to undatus , wrhich is not
oblique, and certainly not “ ovate-rotundate.” The error probably originated
in Barnes’ citation of Lamarck’s species with a mark of doubt, as synonymous
with undatus.

(j.) TJ. plexus , Con. There is a variety of this species, more elliptical, and
with the umbo and upper part of the disc covered with clo3ely-arranged granu¬
lations. It is possible that this may prove to be a distinct species. TJ. semi-
granosus , some conchologists think the same species with TJ. plexus , but it
certainly cannot be, if von dem Busch’s species is represented in Phillippi’s
Conchyl. pi. 1, fig. 1. That is a far larger shell, and of a totally different
character.

(£.) TJ. prasinus , Con. Mr. Lea observes that Prof. Kirtland thinks this
may prove to be a variety of pustulosus , ( bullatus , Raf.) They are, however,

266

[jbEBKUAKl,

very distinct species, the prasinus being much longer comparatively, with
fewer and less-prominent tubercles, and arranged in a very different manner.
The cardinal plate under the beaks is not dilated ; in the nodulatus , it is pro-
f mndl y dilated, a very important difference, which' it is strange should have
b -en overlooked. Young shells of prasinus and bullatus , when compared, are
strikingly dissimilar.

(7.) 77. purpuratus , Lam. There is no doubt that Solander named this species
ventricosa , as Humphreys terms it “ La Ventrue rouge,” and gives the habitat
of “Mississippi river,” where it abounds, and where no other species has beer
found which agrees with the description.

(w.) 77. quadruhis is not 77. rugosvis, Barnes. Mr. Lea remarks that some of
our best Western conchologists think 77. rugosus identical with 77. fragosus.
Barnes’ figure certainly has little resemblance to the latter, and the “ broad
nodulous, somewhat double ridge,” wholly inapplicable to quadrrilus. Mr. Lea
says, “two specimens referred to by Mr. B. as rugosus, were under my inspec¬
tion, and proved to be, the one a flat metanever , and the other a plicatus .” Now
the rugosus may be the metaneurus, Raf., but Barnes’ figure was never intended
for any variety of the 77. plicatus .

Mr. Say has unfortunately copied Barnes’ description of 77. rugosus , and
applied it to 77. quadrulus , Raf.

(n.) 77. undatus. It has been supposed that this was the shell described by
Mr. Lea as trigonus , but it is distinct. There is a fine specimen of undatus in
the collection of the Academy, which agrees perfectly with Barnes’ figure, and
is much more ventricose anteriorly and over the umbo, than trigonus ; has more
elevated beaks, and is very inequilateral, whilst the latter is nearly equila¬
teral. The undatus is equally^distinct from cordatus , Raf., which is compara¬
tively compressed.

Compare Barnes* description, “ subtriangular, very tumid, waved,” with La¬
marck’s description of 77. obliqua , “ ovato-ro{undate, oblique,” and the discre¬
pancy must strike every one ; yet both Lea and Deshayes make them one
species.

77. undulaUis , Barnes. The old specimens of this species have so much
resemblance to Say’s heros, as even to have deceived Say himself, who aban¬
doned his species, and referred it to Barnes’s undulatus ; but it is a very
distinct species, the young shell having little resemblance to that of the latter.
There can be no doubt that Barnes figured the species now known as the
costatus of Raf.

(o.) 77. viridis , Raf. Mr. Lea gives another name to this shell, because he
says it is not Rafinesque’s species, which it certainly is ; yet he does not
acknowledge Rafinesque as authority, for he applies his specific names, as in
the case of 77. interruptus, to a species of his own ; consequently the shell in
question should have been quoted by him as U. viridis , Con., unless he has one
rule applicable to himself and another referable to other authors. The shell
labelled viridis by Rafinesque himself in Mr. Poulson’s cabinet, is the same as
Lea’s Tappianus.

Anodonta.

(a.) A. cataracta , Say. The Mytilus fluviatilis of Gmel. and Dillwyn, and
the M. illitus of Solander, appear to be merely names given to the TJnio ockra-
ceus in Lister’s work, t. 157, fig. 12. The two Anodontas figured by Lister, t.
154, 155, and having Virg. inscribed upon the plates, I cannot refer to any of
our species.

(b.) A. marginata, Say. Dekay regarded this shell as the young of implicata ,
and it is not unlikely his opinion was correct. It certainly is not Say’s
cataracta .

1853.]

267

Supplementary Notes.

TJ. cuneatns , "Raf. Having examined several specimens of this shell, it is
found to be a form between TJ. pati^lus and TJ. clavus , and may be a distinct
species.

TJ. faseiolus, Raf. Mr. Poulson’s specimen labelled by Rafinesque, is not TJ.
multiradiatus , but certainly U. subangulatus, Lea.

U. simplex , Lea. It is strange that Mr. Lea should compare this shell with
TJ. Hydianus, to which it bears no resemblance, and at the same time overlook
TJ. Greenii, Con. His figure might almost answer for a copy of mine.

TJ. triangularis , Raf. Mr. Poulson’s cabinet contains no authentic specimen
of this species, which is one I have never identified. Pachostea, Clijfordiana
and lateralis are also uncertain species. Lampsilis rosea and pallida are pro¬
bably varieties of TJ. ochraceus.

L

>

Table showing the geographical range of the Families Unionim:, Muteladce and
Mycetopodiile, and some of the genera and sub-genera.

Asia.

Family TJnionidce.
Sub- gen era.

Naia, Swains.

Lanceolaria,* Con.
Monodontina, Con.

Genera.

Barbala, Humph.

Hyriopsis,f Con.

Nodularia,t Con.

Europe.
Sub-genera .
Mysca, Turton.

Potamida, Swains.

Africa^

Family Muteladce.
Mutela, Scojjoli.

Iridella, Con.

Pleiodon, Con., Gray.
Calliscapha, Swains.

Spatha , Lea.

Family TJnionidce.
Sub-genus'.
Caelatura,§ Con.

Australia.

Family TJnionidce.
Hyridella, Swaitis.

Parreysia, Con.

TJ. multidentatus , Parreyss.
Cucumaria,|| Con.

North America.
Family TJnionidce.
Sub-genera.
Eurinea, Raf., Agas.
Lampsilis, Raf. Agas.
Canthyria, Swains.
Theliderma, Swains.
Cunicula, Swains.

Genera .

Metaptera, Raf., Agas.
Strophitus, Raf.

Lastena, Raf.

Complanaria, Stoains., Agas.
Alasmodonta, Say, Agas.

South America.
Family Muteladce.
Genera .

Leila, Gray.

Paxyodon, Schum.

Prisodon, ib.

Sub-genus.
Iridea, Swains .

Family Mycetopodidce.
Mycetopus, D’Orb.

Family TJnionidce.
Genera.

Lamproscapha, Swains.
Monocondylaea, D’Orb.
Byssodonta, ib.

Sub-genus .
Corrugaria, Con.

* U. Grayanus, Lea. f U Delphinus, Gruner. t U. Douglasiae, Gray.
§ 17. Egyptiacus. j| U. cucumoides, Lea.

268

[February,

Sub-genera of TJnio.

Nodularia, Con .

Shell nodose ; cardinal teeth robust, single in the right valve ; in each valve
the principal cardinal tooth is parallel with the lateral teeth, or directed towards
the posterior extremity of the shell.

TJnio Douglasice, Gray.

Iridea, Swains. South America.

Shell with corrugated radiating folds on the beak or umbo ; cardinal teeth
granulated, senerally curved, elongated. Third muscular impression distinct,
not confluent, situated under the anterior portion of the cardinal tooth.

TJnio granosus , Lam. To this subgenus I would refer U. solisiana, D’Orb.,
77. Paranensis, Lea, 77. rhuacoica , D’Orb., 77. Fontainiana , D’Orb., 77. hylcea ,
D’Orb., 77. Guaraniana , D’Orb., 77. Matoniana , D’Orb., 77. Psammoicu, , D’Orb.,
77. charriiana , D’Orb.

This sub-genus is very distinct from any of those existing in North America,
nor, indeed, does there appear to be any sub-genus in South America identical
with a Northern group.

Mysca, Ttirton. Europe.

The type of this sub-genus, 77. pictorum, has the third anterior muscular im¬
pression deep, and more distinct from the large one, than occurs in any American
species of Unio.

Lanceolaria, Con. China.

Shell elongated ; cardinal teeth widely bifid ; third muscular impression
situated at the base of the anterior lobe of the cardinal tooth, not confluent,
and very profoundly impressed; accessory impression small and confluent with
the superior margin of the large impression ; pallial impression slightly
deflected anteriorly.

77. Gray anus, Lea.

Ccelatura, Con. Africa.

Shell thin, not elongated ; beaks corrugated or subnodular ; cardinal teeth
laminar, greatly elongated, parallel with the anterior hinge margin ; anterior
accessory muscular impressions confluent with the lower part of the larger one j
pallial impression slightly deflected.

77. JEgyptiacus , Caill.

Cunicula, Swains. North America.

Shell compressed, thick, lateral teeth robust and receding from the dorsal
margin, posterior accessory muscular impression not confluent, and placed at
the extremity of the lateral teeth.

77. fasciolaris , lineolatus , FastbrooJciamis , subtentus , ccelatus , arcus , &c.

I have founded this subgenus on other characters than those given by
Swainson.

Glebula, Con. Lousiana.

Shell with the cardinal teeth granulated and profoundly sulcated or divided
into 4 or 5 lobes, irregular, diverging, somewhat resembling those of Paxyodon;
posterior muscular impression very large and confluent with the accessory,
which is obsolete.

77. rotundatus , Lam.

Uniomerus, Con.

Shell elongated, not thick, with parallel dorsal and basal margins ; beaks
with obliquely concentric plicae.

U. declivis, camptodon, subcroceus, Sayii, rivularis, perrectus, symmetricus,
and excultus.

The members of this group inhabit almost exclusively the small streams and
ponds in the Southern States.

1853.]

269

Theliderma, Swains 4

This embraces all the tuberculated species, as U. Phillipsea, fragosus, nobilis,
quadrulus, apiculatus, &c. The animal appears to agree with that of the my-
tiloid species, as U. ruber, coccineus, obliquus, cordatus, &c.

Lampsilis, Raf.

This includes U. ochraceus, ovatus, cardium, capax, dolabreeformis, &c.
Eurinea, Raf.

This includes U. nasutus, rectus, productus, Jayensis, lanceolatus, &c.

Proposed New Genera.

Cucumaria, Ccn. Australia.

Shell elongated, plicate ; cardinal teeth robust, little prominent, obtuse,
slightly lobed, transversely sulcated ; lateral teeth compressed, not prominent ;
third anterior muscular impression profound, not confluent, situated immediately
under, and near the extremity of the cardinal teeth.

U. ciicumoides, Lea.

Hyriopsis, Con. Asia.

Shell elongated, posteriorly winged ; cardinal teeth elongated, very oblique,
not prominent, and marked with transverse granulated lines ; lateral teeth gra¬
nulated on the margins ; third anterior muscular impression large, not confluent,
situated remote from the extremity of the cardinal teeth ; anterior accessory
muscular impression rather small and more distant from the large impression
than in any other sub-genus.

We know only one species, U. delphinus , Gruner.

Monodontina, Con.

Hinge with an obtuse rounded tooth immediately under the beak.

Margaritana Vondenbuschiana, Lea. (ilf. Buschiana, Con.)

CORRIGENDA.

U. angustatus, Lea, 1832, vi. &c.

U. capax, Green, (Symphynota globosa,) Lea, 1834, v. 41, &c.
U. capsaeformis, Lea, 1834, v. 31, &c.

U. metanever, read U. metaneurus.

The Committee on Major Le Conte’s paper on the Vines of North
America, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

An enumeration of the Vines of North America .

By John Le Conte, F. L. S.

In attempting to give some account of the vines of our country, a very con¬
siderable difficulty arises, even at the outset, from the great similarity of the
different species. A family resemblance almost amounting to identity runs
through the whole of them. Hence, characters which are taken as distinctive,
may appear too slight to w'arrant us in separating as distinct species what at
first sight might appear to be mere varieties. But setting aside the shape and
appearance of the leaves, the nature of the fruit and the method of its growth,
in most cases, furnish a good criterion for distinguishing closely allied species
from each other, which might in vain be sought for elsewhere.

Some years ago, when there existed a mania for the cultivation of the vine,

270

[February,

there was much written about our native grapes, which only tended to involve
in obscurity a rather plain and easily developed subject. Men unacquainted
with botany, gardeners and others, remarkable only for their ignorance, folly
and bad faith, gave names to various kinds of grapes, and frequently made a
dozen species out of one. These names, barbarous and unmeaning as
they are, were never bestowed on the same variety by any two writers ; they
saw differences where none existed, and endeavored to account for them by
supposing impossibilities. Thus, a variety of V. labrusca, which has been called
the Isabella and Catawba grape, and received several other as ridiculous appel¬
lations, has been considered as a hybrid between a European and one of our
native species. This variety has always been said to have been first found in
South Carolina, a country where the Y. vinifera had at that time seldom or never
been cultivated, and where it by no means flourishes, and where likewise the
labrusca is not found. Although among some families of plants hybrids occur
naturally or may be formed artificially, yet it is difficult to understand how this
ever can be the case in the genus Yitis. In forming a hybrid, it is necessary
to emasculate the flower which we wish to produce fruit, and to impregnate
its pistil with the pollen of some other species; this is impossible in the
present instance, on account of the minuteness of the flower and the parts of
fructification. If the hybrid be supposed to be formed naturally, how could the
anther dust of a cultivated plant be carried in a sufficient quantity from a garden
to produce any effect in the thick woods of the Southern States ?

Botanists have hitherto been able to detect but few species of Vitis in the
United States. Michaux, Elliot and others, reckon but four or five in the whole
extent of our country. Rafinesque, by believing in the various follies of the day,
and led aside by writings which fell into his hands and by the false statements
which he collected from different quarters, made forty-one species of this genus,
the most of which he had never seen. Although able to investigate and
describe as well as any naturalist of his day, he was led astray by an in¬
satiable desire of making new species, and appropriating to himself every thing
that he saw or even heard of in Natural Science, he gave names to many things
which never existed, and furnished accounts of them as if he had had them in
his possession. Although his lucubrations are little worthy of notice, I have
endeavored to identify as many of these numerous species as possible, and to
reduce them to some degree of certainty ; guided as well by what I remember
to have seen in his possession, as by the short, and, in many instances, very im¬
perfect descriptions found in his American Manual of Grape Yines ; some I have
not been able to determine, but scarcely think them different from others already
well known. The number of species now recognized in systematic works is
not more than five or six. I have increased this number considerably ; with
what propriety is for others to judge.

In my wanderings through our country, I have, I think, seen two more species,
but have no memoranda of their characteristics which allow me to say more
than that one was observed in the middle regions of Georgia, which bore grapes
of a tolerably large size, in clusters of such density that the berries were pressed
into a cubic form. The other was a small grape, of which the inhabitants of
the upper part of North Carolina made a considerable quantity of pale red wine.
This may be the V. cordifolia of Michaux, which species I have not been able
to determine. The description of the last species, V. palmata, is taken in a
great measure from recollection, and not from a late examination.

By the word racemus or raceme, I wish to be always understood to mean the
bunches of mature fruit, the true and legitimate meaning of the Latin word.

1. Vitis labrusca. Foliis lato-cordatis, sublobato-angulatis, aut quinque-
lobatis acuminatis, irregulariter eroso-dentatis, supra glabris, subtus irregulari-
ter reticulatis, dense tomentosis aut velutinis, pube incana aut rufescente,
baccis magnis rotundis aut ovalibus.

Hub. — In the Northern and Middle States. V. sylvestris, occidentalis, et vul-
pina, Bartram, in New York Medical Repository, Hexade II, vol. I. V. lati-
folia, canina, luteola, rugosa, ferruginea, labruscoides, blanda, prolifera and obo-

271

1853.J

vata, Rafinesque’s American Manual of Grape Vines. Vulg. Fox grape, Isa¬
bella and Catawba grape.

Stem large and tall. Leaves widely cordate, sublobately-angled or distinctly
three or five lobed ; acuminate, irregularly eroso-dentate, above smooth, beneath
irregularly reticulate, beneath densely tomentose or velvety ; the pubescence
of various length, hoary or rufescent. Berries large, *7 of an inch in diameter,
round or oval.

The commonest form of this species has thick leaves, with a rather long
pubescence beneath ; the racemes are small, rarely with more than five or six
berries on each; these are round, often oblate, black or red colored, acid and
austere, frequently occasioning soreness of the lips and fauces of those who eat
them. Another variety much cultivated under the names of Isabella, Catawba,
and twenty other unmeaning names, has the leaves thinner, the pubescence un¬
derneath much shorter and more velvety, the racemes large, long and dense, the
berries more or less oval, red or black, very sweet and agreeable to the taste,
with a peculiar flavor, by some called musky. This is much cultivated in some
parts of the Union, and wine of a fine quality is made from it. But like all the
grapes of America the fruit is so watery that it is thought necessary to add sugar
to the must, not considering that the must before fermentation can be made of
any strength with regard to the sugar contained in it, by boiling, as is done in
some parts of the country with apple and pear juice.

The best of all the varieties of this species is the white fruited, which does
not differ in its leaf from that first described ; the racemes are, however, large,
long and dense, the berries white or green with a slight coppery tinge on the
side exposed to the sun. It is, perhaps, the best grape indigenous to America
which has been found in the Northern States. It is very sweet, and has but
little of the peculiar flavor which almost all the others have, and is entirely free
from all acridity.

2. V. tenuifolia. Foliis tenuibus, lato-cordatis simplicibus, trilobis aut
quinquelobis acuminatis irregulariter dentatis, glabris interdum subtus arach-
noideo-villosis, nervis rufo-pubescentibus. Racemis parvis, baccis magnis, rotun-
dis, viridibus paulo glaucescentibus, ingratis acidis.

Hah. — In New Jersey, formerly very common in the vicinity of Trenton, but
now not to be found.

Stem tolerably large and tall ; leaves thin, widely cordate, simple or three or
five lobed: acuminate, irregularly dentate, smooth, sometimes arachnoideo-
villous beneath ; the nerves and veins always furnished with a rufous pubescence.
Racemes small, berries large, *8 of an inch in diameter, green, a little glaucous,
disagreeably acid.

3. V. jestivalis. Foliis lato-cordatis sublobato-angulatis, tri vel quinquelobis,
acuminatis irregulariter serratis aut dentatis, dentibus mucronatis, supra glabris
aut paulo arachnoideis, subtus arachnoideo-villosis plus minus fuscis, interdum
subglabris, junioribus densius villosis. Racemis parvis, baccis parvulis nigris
acidis.

Hub. — In Carolina and Georgia. V. aestivalis, Michaux and Rafinesque. V.
labrusca, Walter and Elliot. Vulg. Fox grape.

Stem large and lofty; leaves widely cordate, sublobately angled, sometimes
distinctly and deeply three and five lobed; acuminate irregularly dentate or ser¬
rate, with the teeth mucronate, above smooth or a little arachnoidal, especially
in the younger state, beneath more or less fuscous, arachnoideo-villous, some¬
times subglabrous, the youngest one more densely villous. Racemes rather small;
berries rather small, *4 of an inch in diameter, black, generally very acid.

These three species have a general resemblance to each other, but, as appears
from the descriptions, are sufficiently distinct.

4. V. bracteata. Foliis cordatis, acuminatis, quinquelobis, sinubis latis
profundis, irregulariter dentatis dentibus acutis muticis, supra glabris, subtus
nervis rufo-pubescentibus. Florum fasciculis bracteatis. Racemis longis com-
positis laxis, baccis parvis nigris.

42

272 [February,

Hab. — In Carolina and Georgia in swamps. V. bracteata, Raf. V. aestivalis,
Elliot. Vulg. Duck shot or Swamp grape.

StenTvery large, climbing to the tops of the loftiest trees ; leaves broad-cor¬
date, acuminate, five-lobed, sinuses wide and deep, the lobes irregularly dentate ;
the teeth without any mucronate point, above smooth, beneath with the nerves
rufo-pubescent. Fascicles of the flowers with a short leaf or bract at the base
of each; racemes long, loose, and compound; berries very small, *15 of an inch
in diameter, very acid.

5. V. vulpina. Foliis glabris, cordatis acuminatis, simplicibus, trilobis aut
interdum profunde quinquelobis, dentatis, dentibus subabrupte-acuminatis, sub-
tus plus minus sparse villosiusculis aut etiam glabris. Racemis densis baccis
parvis.

Hab. — In the Northern and Middle States. V. vulpina, Willd. V. aestivalis,
Emerson’s Report on the Trees, &c., of Massachusetts. V. cordifolia of many
authors, but not of Michaux. V. callosa, hyemalis, cordifolia, Raf. Vulg. Winter
grape.

Stem moderately large, very branching, the younger shoots for the most part
purplish. Leaves always smooth above, and generally so on both sides; be¬
neath sometimes, particularly in the younger ones, a little villous ; cordate
acuminate dentate, the teeth abruptly acuminate, always more or less tri-lobate,
sometimes profoundly so, and often five-lobed. Racemes tolerably large, very
dense, so as even to change the form of the berries ; berries *35 of an inch in
diameter, black, acid.

The name of cordifolia is occasionally given improperly to another species,
the V. rotundifolia Mx. Willdenow’s description is not very full, but suffi¬
ciently so to remove all doubt of his meaning this species ; there is no other
so well deserving the name of Vulpina, as the grapes have a strong smell much
resembling that of a fox.

The older leaves are without any villosity beneath except on the nerves,
which with the veins are very prominent. They frequently become glaucous
beneath.

6. V. araneosus. Foliis lato-cordatis, sublobato-angulatis, integris, trilobis aut
quinquelobis, lobis acuminatis, dentatis, dentibus submucronatis, supra glabris,
subtus arachnoideo-villosis, villositate plus minus ferruginea. Racemis subden-
sis, baccis majoribus nigris.

Hab. — In the upper parts of Georgia. Vulg. Fox grape.

Stem moderately large and high. Leaves broad, cordate, sublobately angled,
entire and three or five lobed, acuminate dentate ; the teeth submucronate, above
glabrous, beneath arachnoideo-villous, more or less ferruginous ; in the older
leaves this villosity forms into small tufts or knots, and in the very oldest
almost entirely vanishes, although in the youngest it is very thick and close.
Racemes dense ; berries of a middling size, *5 of an inch in diameter, black, often
very sweet and agreeable. The leaves are sometimes 8 inches long and as
many wide.

This species is well worth cultivating.

7. V. bico'Lor. Foliis lato-cordatis sublobato-angulatis acuminatis subintegris
et tri aut quinquelobis irregulariter dentatis, dentibus acuminatis aut mucronatis
supra glabris subtus paliidioribus, in junioribus sparse arachnoideo-villosis.
Racemis laxis, baccis parvis nigris.

Hab.— From Pennsylvania to Virginia. V. aestivalis Darlington, Florula
Cestrica.

Stem moderately large and high. Leaves broad-cordate, sublobately angled
acuminate, subentire, and three or five-lobed, irregularly dentate ; the teeth
acuminate or mucronate, above smooth ; beneath paler in the younger leaves,
sparsely arachnoideo-villous, the villosity entirely vanishing with age. Ra¬
cemes long, loose and compound ; berries small, black, *3 of an inch in diameter,
sweet and agreeable.

1853.]

273

8. V. pullaria. Foliis glabris, ovatis cordatis acuminatis, ut plurimum
versus apicem obscure aut profunde trilobatis rarius quinque lobatis saepe inte-
gris, inaequaliter gross dentatis, dentibus acuminatis. Racemis longis ramosis
laxis.

Hab. — In Virginia and Maryland. Vulg. Chicken grape.

Stem moderately large and tall. Leaves thin, smooth on both sides, polished,
ovate cordate abruptly acuminate, beyond the middle more or less tri-lobed,
sometimes five-lobed, often entire, unequally dentate ; teeth large, acuminate ;
petioles and nerves beneath conspicuouslypubescent. Racemes long, compound
and loose; berries small, *3 of an inch in diameter.

9. V. rip aria. Foliis glabris ovatis cordatis acuminatis ante medium plus
minus trilobis, saepe integrls dentatis, dentibus latis depressis, brevi-mucronatis.
Racemis laxis baccis parvis.

Hab. — In Georgia and Mississippi on the banks of rivers in overflowed places.
V. riparia Mx. V. dimidiata Rafinesque.

Stem large and tall. Leaves thin, smooth on both sides, polished ovate, cor¬
date, acuminate, more or less tri-lobed beyond the middle, often entire, sub-
crenato-dentate ; teeth broad, flat, with a short point ; the youngest leaves with
a slight arachnoid pubescence beneath, petioles, nerves and margin pubescent.
The leaves are sometimes five-lobed, the upper lobes with deep spathuliform
sinuses, the margin but little dentate. Racemes loose; berries small, *3 of an
inch in diameter, black and acid.

This species, confounded by most authors with the next (if it has ever been
seen by them,) is found only in the southernmost States on the margins of
rivers, in places frequently subject to inundation, whence its name among the
inhabitants of the banks of the Mississippi, Vigne de batttires ; it very much re¬
sembles the next, but is easily distinguished by its thinner leaves and the
arachnoid pubescence on the under side of them in their younger state.

10. V. odorat issima. Foliis glabris ovatis cordatis acuminatis inaequaliter
crenato-dentatis dentibus'mucronatis,ut plurimum versus apicem obscure trilobis.
Racemis laxis, baccis parvis.

Hab. In the Northern States, in dry situations, generally on the sides of rocky
hills. V. odoratissima Donn. V. riparia Pursh, Torrey and Gray, &c. V.
serotina Bartram, 1. c. seems to be V. cordifolia of Emerson, &c. V. montana,
concolor, columbina, populifoka, odoratissima and amara Rafinesque.

Stem large and high. Leaves smooth on both sides, broad-ovate, cordate,
acuminate, unequally crenato-dentate, teeth mucronate ; generally obscurely trilo¬
bate beyond the middle, nerves beneath very prominent, margin, nerves beneath
and petioles pubescent ; a small pubescent tuft on the axillae of the nerves of. the
under side of the leaves. Racemes long and loose, berries small, *2 of an inch
in diameter, black, very acid and austere, ripening in November.

This species is much cultivated in gardens on account of its fragrant flowers,
the perfume of which is exactly that of Reseda odorata. It very rarely pro¬
duces fruit. I have found fertile individuals only on the rocky hills north of
Hoboken, New Jersey. I have been informed that the Indians formerly used
the juice of this grape for dyeing blue.

11. V. rotundifolia. Foliis glabris nitidis rotundo-cordatis, acuminatis
nunquam lobatis grosse dentatis, dentibus acutis subaequalibus, racemis parvis
baccis magnis nigris, rubescentibus vel albis.

Hab. From Virginia to Florida. V. rotundifolia Mx. V. vulpina Walter.
V. acerifolia, vulpina, angulata, and veruccosa Rafinesque. Yulgo, Bullaee
grape, from its resemblance to the bullaee or wild plum of Europe, corrupted into
Bull grape. In Virginia and North Carolina, it is called Muscadine and
Scuppernon grape.

Stem moderately large, unlike every other species perfectly smooth even in
the oldest vines. Leaves thin, smooth on both sides, polished, shining, most so
beneath, round cordate, never lobed, acuminate dentate ; teeth large, subequal,
acute, axillae of the nerves beneath sometimes furnished with a small tuft of

274 [February,

pubescence. Racemes small, simple ; berries large, *2 of an inch in diameter,
round, black, reddish or white.

This vine most frequently produces fruit of a delicious flavor and very sweet.
In North Carolina much wine is made from the grapes, but generally it is spoilt by
mixing it with peach brandy or whiskey to increase its strength. Among the
ignorant it is commonly thought that no fermented juice of fruit can be kept for
any length of time, unless it is adulterated with alcoholic spirit.

In the pine forests of Georgia the V. rotundifolia is found prostrate, with stems
scarcely three feet long.

12. Y. pai.mata. Foliis ovato-cordatis utrinque glabris, profunde quinque
lobatis palmatis, laciniis sublanceolatis, inaequaliter lateque crenatis vel incisis.
Racemis subdensis subsimplicibus baccis magnis albis gena cupraea.

Hah. In North Carolina and on the banks of the Ohio. Y. palmata Vahl.
V. virginiana Poiret.

This grape, which is the true Bland’s grape of former years, was once (30
years ago,) extensively cultivated in the gardens of this city, but has since been
utterly lost. I cannot now find a single plant of it. It was perfectly hardy,
bore profusely and ripened before the frosts.

The above description is made from memory assisted by Vahl’s and Poiret’s
descriptions. I have seen it growing wild in the mountains of North Carolina
and have been informed that it was once common on the banks of the Ohio
river. There is certainly no grape found in America that can be compared
with it ; in every respect it is equal to any variety of the V. vinifera, being
very sweet and peffectly free from pulp, and without that peculiar flavor which
is more or less common to all other American species.

The V. cordifolia Mx. I have never met with, at least a species correspond¬
ing with his description has never fallen in my way either in the North or South.
It is said to extend from Pennsylvania to Florida. There is another small and
sweet grape called the Orwigsburg which I have omitted, although said to be
native ; I could never satisfy myself that it was so. It has much the appearance
of foreign varieties.

Of the foregoing species, those most worthy of cultivation are of No. 1, the
white variety, and the Isabella or Catawba, which would probably flourish in the
coldest parts of Europe; No. 6 and No. 11 and No. 12, all of which are sweet and
agreeable and furnish good wine.

The Committee on Dr. Le Conte's “Synopsis of the N. Ameri¬
can Siphales," and “ Synopsis of the Scaphidilia of the United States,"
reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Synopsis of the Silthales of America , North of Mexico.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

In the following synopsis, I have included also the Coleoptera which form
Erichson’s family Anisotomini, as the characters of that group appear to be by
no means sufficient to entitle it to rank as a distinct family. Schiodte has al¬
ready* made similar remarks, detailing at the same time, strong reasons in sup¬
port of his opinion.

The genus Silpha presents among its species peculiarities w'hich would furnish
abundant material for reflection to the philosophic naturalist; the species found
in this country, differ among themselves, by such variations of structure that
each becomes the type of a separate group. Several authors have already
designated many of these groups by generic names, yet the differences between
them appear in value so much less than those which distinguish the genera,

* Specimen Faunae Subterraneae : translated in the Transactions of the Ento¬
mological Society of London, New Series, vol. 1, p. 134, et seq.

275

1853.]

which have an appearance of being truly natural, that I hav^ nftt considered it
prudent to adopt their views. .

Among some of these groups, (e. g. S. lapponica, S. americanaand S. ramosa,)
appear several forms, which are undeniably distinct in their origin and distribu¬
tion and yet do not present characters sufficiently definite for their perfect
separation. Many genera among more highly organized animals presenting
this same peculiar specific relation will occur to the mind of every naturalist,
but this is, I believe, the first example distinctly noticed among Articulata ;
nor can 1 find in scientific memoirs any allusion to a doctrine, which flows very
naturally from such observations, viz : There are in nature genera so constituted
that their division can naturally be made only so as to exhibit assemblages of
individuals, which are multiple and distinct in their origin, but which are so
closely related that any attempt to define and isolate them must result in con¬
fusion. The interpretation of so called geographical varieties, is obviously a
portion of this doctrine ; but for the present, I must merely content myself with
this brief notice of a view, which, whether it be eventually proved correct or
erroneous, might ere this have exerted a beneficial influence upon certain por¬
tions of Natural History, where the zeal for creating irrecognisable species has
been pushed to a prodigious extent.

Div. 1. Silphales genuini.

Trochanteres postici filler antes ; coxce posticce approximates.*
Necrophorus Fabr.

A. Thorace convexo, tenuiter marginato, antice non impresso.

1. N. mediatus, niger, thorace obovato, antice dense punctulato, lateribus
et basi punctato, elytris macula humerali, altera transversa ante medium,
tertiaque lunata versus apicem rubris ; antennarum clava ferruginea ; pectore
abdominisque basi ad latera auropilosis. Long. *87 — *95.

Fabricius, Syst. El. 1, 334 : Latreille, Gen. Ins. 2, 5.

Southern States, Missouri Territory and Texas. This very distinct species
differs from all the succeeding ones by the epipleurae being narrower, less in-
flexed, and less distinctly margined above. The posterior tibiae are very much
dilated at their extremity. In the male, the anterior tarsi are only moderately
dilated, and the yellow hair at the base of the abdomen is more abundant. In
both sexes the rhinarium is triangular.

Among the specimens from Nebraska are varieties in which the anterior
transverse spot is divided ; in some the outer part of this divided spot is effaced j
in such individuals the posterior lunate spot is much reduced in size.

B. Thorace antice transversim impresso, margine laterali anguste depress©.

2. N. m a r g i n a t u s, niger, thorace obovato, marginibus parce punetulatis,
lateribus vix sinuatis, elytris lateribus, fascia communi ante medium, alteraque
utrinque subapicali rubris ; antennarum clava ferruginea ; pectore aurapiloso.
Long. -57 — 88.

Fabricius, Syst. El. 1, 334.

New York, Georgia, Texas, Nebraska and California. The rhinarium is red
and triangular ; the posterior fascia does not entirely reach the suture, and its
outer portion is contiguous to the apical margin. The anterior band is some¬
times interrupted towards the side, and sometimes one of its posterior dentations
is prolonged so as to reach the inner part of the posterior band. The anus and
margins of the abdominal segments are ciliate with black hairs. The anterior
tarsi of the male are moderately dilated.

3. N. Melsheimeri, niger, thorace obovato, lateribus subsinuatis marginibus
punctatis, epipleuris elytrorumque faciis utrinque duabus dentatis rubris ; anten¬
narum clava ferruginea, basi nigra, pectore anoque flavo-pilosis. Long. *92.

* This last is a character found in the whole group ; it is merely added here
for the convenience of those who may desire to consider Scydmaenidse as a
division of this, and not a distinct family.

276

[February,

? Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 97.

One female from Nebraska and another from Utah. Very similar in appear¬
ance to the preceding, but the anterior band does not reach the suture, and the
posterior band is less close to the apex; the rhinarium in both specimens is
black and triangular.

Kirby describes his species as having a red trapezoidal rhinarium, but as I
find great differences in this respect between individuals of other species, I am
not inclined to consider this character as of any importance. Kirby's descrip¬
tions are moreover very faulty and difficult to use, as he has laid undue stress
on variable or on universal characters, while the differences in form of the
thorax and the extent of its depressed portion are hardly mentioned.

The description ofN. obscurus Kirby (1. c. 97,) also applies to this
species, except that the epipleurae are not “ narrower than usual that char¬
acter would assimilate it with my division (A), but from the want of a descrip¬
tion of the thorax, it is impossible to place it accurately.

4. N. gut tula, niger, thorace obovato, punctulato, lateribus sinuato, dorso
subtiliter canaliculato, elytris gutta humerali rufa ; antennarum clava obscure
ferruginea, basi nigra, pectore auripiloso, abdomine nigro-pubescente. Long.
•48 — 70.

Motschulsky, Bull. Mosc. 1845, part 1, 53.

California, abundant at San Diego, rare at San Francisco; also found at Sitka,
according to Motschulsky, whose localities are, however, by no means accurate.
The transverse impression of the thorax is very deep; the elytral spot is entirely
on the base of the epipleurae, and is sometimes very indistinct. The anterior
tarsi of the male are dilated, and the rhinarium is black and trapezoidal ; in the
female the rhinarium is much smaller and triangular ; the anus of both sexes is
ciliate with j'ellow hairs.

C. Thorace subcanaliculato, antice transversim impresso, margine laterali
iatius depresso.

a. Thorace glabro.

5. N. a m e r i c a n u s, niger, fronte, thoracis disco, epipleuris elytrorumque
fasciis utrinque duabus rubris, antennarum clava ferruginea, pectore flavo-
piloso. Long. 1*00 — 1-35.

Nicrophorus americanus Oliv. Ins. 10, 6; pi. 1, 3, (1790) ; Enc. Meth. 8, 154.

Necrophorus grandis Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1, 247, (1792,); Syst. El. 1, 334;
Herbst, Kafer, 5, 152, tab. 50, 1.

Middle and Southern States, abundant. Fabricius quotes Olivier, but for some
unknown reason does not adopt his specific name.

The rhinarium in this species is red, and very variable in form ; sometimes it
is small and triangular, sometimes very large and trapezoidal. This difference
at first appeared to be sexual, but with a larger series of specimens I found
that both forms were to be found among the males ; although the variation is
very great, yet after a diligent comparison, nothing was found to indicate spe¬
cific difference.

6. N. pustulatus, niger, thorace subovali, subtrans verso, marginibus
punctatis, elytris distinctus punctatis, gutta laterali ad medium, alterisque
utrinque duabus versus apicem saturate rubris ; antennarum clava ferruginea,
basi picea, pectore flavo-piloso, abdomine griseo-pubescente. Long. *62 — 85.

Herschel, Illiger’s Magazin, 6, 271, (note.)

N. bicolon Newman, Ent. Mag. 5, 385.

Middle, Southern and Western States, not common. The rhinarium is red,
triangular and moderately large ; the anterior tarsi of the male are strongly
dilated. I have one specimen in which the lateral elytral spot is hardly distinct,
and the two apical spots entirely wanting.

7. N. n i g r i t a, niger, thorace ovali, lateribus subsinuatis, marginibus punc¬
tatis, elytris subtilius punctatis, punctis maioribus 3-seriatis impressis ; anten¬
narum clava ferruginea basi nigra, pectore nigro-piloso. Long. *75.

Mannerheirn, Bull. Mosc., 1843, p. 251.

277

1853.]

California, at San Francisco and San Diego; only two males secured. The
impressions of the thorax are very deep, the transverse undulated line is not
interrupted at the middle ; the rhinarium is red and trapezoidal ; the anterior
tarsi are strongly dilated.

8. N. py gmaeus, niger, thorace ovali, lateribus vix sinuatis, parce punctu-
lato, marginibus punctatis, elytris distinctius punctatis, fascia utrinque dentata
in epipleuras extensa, maculaque postica dentata rubris, pectore anoque flavo-
villosis antennarum clava nigra. Long *4 — 6.

Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 98, tab. 2, fig. 3.

New York*»nd Lake Superior. I have only males of this species ; of three
from Lake Superior, the smallest has the rhinarium large, trapezoidal and
black ; in the other two no rhinarium is visible. The impressions of the thorax
are very deep, the longitudinal line is more distinct than usual; the red band of
the elytra, although reaching the lower margin of the epipleura, is not dilated
there.

The specimen from New York differs from the other three in having the
elytra more finely punctured, and the red bands much more bright colored; the
rhinarium is large and trapezoidal, as in the first mentioned specimen.

I formerly considered the large specimens as N. hebes Kirby, (1. c. 96,)
which by description seems closely allied, but is placed in a different division
of the genus, with the “prothorax dilated anteriorly. ”

9. N. 1 u n atu s, niger, thorace subovali, latitudine vix breviore, marginibus
punctatis, elytris subtilius punctatis punctisque maioribus 3-seriafim impressis,
epipleuris, fascia utrinque angusta dentata, maculaque lunata postica rubris;
antennarum clava ferruginea basi nigra, pectore flavo-piloso, abdomine nigro-
ciliato, ano flavo-pubescente. Long. *75 — *79.

New York and Georgia. This species is named in Dejean’s Catalogue, but I
cannot find that any description has yet been published. The posterior tibiae are
curved. The rhinarium is red and trapezoidal in two specimens; in another it
is scarcely to be seen.

10. N. o rb i colli s, niger thorace rotundato, marginibus punctatis, elytris
distinctius punctatis, parcius pilosis, utrinque fascia dentata maculaque postica
lunata rubris, antennarum clava ferruginea basi nigra, pectore flavo-villoso, ab¬
domine nigro ciliato, ano griseo-pubescente. Long. *73 — *90.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 177.

-ZV. Hallii Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 98.

Middle and Southern States, abundant. The rhinarium is short, triangular and
reddish; the punctures of the elytra are furnished with tolerably long erect
yellowish hairs ; the tibiae are nearly straight ; the posterior ones of the male
are gradually broadly dilated towards the tip.

One male from the Sault de Sainte Marie, Michigan, differs in having glabrous
elytra, and much more dilated posterior tibiae ; the rhinarium in it is piceous,
broad and trapezoidal. The hairs of the elytra may have been removed by
accident, and the other characters seem scarcely sufficient for the definition of a
new species.

b. Thorace villoso.

12. N. v e 1 u t i n u s, niger, thorace, pectore, epipleurisque basi flavo-villosis,
illo ovali subtransverso, lateribus sinuatis, elytris distinctius punctatis, fasciis
utrinque duabus, dentatis rubris, epipleuris flavis. Long. *53 — 85.

Fabricius, Syst. El. 2,234, (1801); Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 96.

iV. tomentosus Weber, Observ. 47, (1801.)

Common throughout the Atlantic States and Missouri Territory. The anterior
tarsi of the males are strongly dilated ; the rhinarinm is red, sometimes large
and trapezoidal, sometimes small and triangular; the latter form occurs in both
sexes; the former 1 have observed only in males. The club of the antennae
is black.

As the two names applied to this species appear to be equal in date, I have
followed other authors in adopting that of Fabricius, as his work is of a more
systematic nature, and much more easily accessible.

278

[February,

The following species are unknown to me :

N. obscurus Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 97.

N. he bes Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 96. Nova Scotia.

N. maritimus Man. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 251; Chevrolat, Guerin’s Icon.
Regne An. 60, pi. 17, fig. 8 ; Sitka.

N. auripilosus[ Esch. (teste Motschulsky, ibid. 1815, part i. p. 52.)

N. defodiens Man. Bull. Mosc. 1846, 13 ; Sitka and Unalaschka.

In Illiger’s Magazin (6, 271 note,) Herschel mentions N. carolinus Linn.,
but after a very careful search, I cannot find any such specie*- in Linnaeus’
wrorks, nor is it mentioned by any other author.

Silpha Linn.

The following arrangement of the species is the most natural that I have been
able to form ; it must be remembered at the same time, that the intermediate
coxae in all our species are moderately distant :

A. Antennae articulis tribus ultimis longioribus.

a. Antennae laxe articulatae ; oculi prominuli.

1. S. surinamensis Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1, 248; Syst. El. 1, 336 ; Linn.
Syst. Nat. (ed. Gm.) 4, 1620: ibid. (ed. Turton,) 2, 99; Olivier, 11, tab. 2, fig.
11 ; Herbst, Kafer, 5, 173.

Necrodes szirinamensis Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. 1, 498.

Common in the Middle, Southern and Western States. Varies in having a
small lateral spot at the middle of the elytra, and sometimes a small discoidal
one between the 2d and 3d costa. The posterior thighs of the male are very
much incrassated, and armed beneath with a sharp tooth ; the posterior tibiae are
also much curved, and dilated internally towards the apex into an obtuse angle.

I have excluded the synonym of Kirby, (Fauna Bor. Am. 99,) because the
males of his Nova Scotia species are stated to have the posterior thighs very
slightly enlarged. This needs confirmation by a re-examination of the original
specimens now in the British Museum.

b. Antennae minus laxe articulatae.

et. Thorace subinaequali piloso ; antennae articulo 3io longiore.

2. S. lapponica Herbst, Kafer, 5, 209, pi. 52, fig. 4.

S. caudata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 192.

S. tuberculata Germar, Ins. Nov. 81.

•8. calif ornica Mannerheim, Bull. Mosc. 1843, 253.

Oiceoptoma ( Thanatophilus ) lapponicum Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 100.

Oiceoptoma granigera Chevrolat, Col. Mex. fasc. lma.

Found in every part of the northern portion of the continent, not extending
south of Albany (New York) in the Atlantic States, but in the central region
extending into New Mexico, and even into Mexico ; found also in Oregon and at
San Diego in Southern California.

I have only referred to the original description of Herbst, leaving out all the
rest of the European synonymy, as it should have no place in a local fauna.

The elytra of the males vary slightly in form, being sometimes truncate, and
sometimes slightly sinuate ; those of the female are more deeply sinuate at the
extremity, and are more or less prolonged at the suture ; the anterior tarsi are
slightly dilated in the males.

The differences upon which are founded the various synonyms above quoted,
are entirely individual : they are all found intermixed together wherever the
species occurs.

0. Thorace glabro; antennae art. 2 et 3 subaequalibus.

* Thorace aequali, elytris truncatis.

3. S. truncata Say, Journ Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 193.

Forks of Nebraska River.

** Thorace inaequali, elytris integris.

4. S. marginalis Fabr. Ent. Syst. Mantissa, 215; Syst. El. 1, 338;

279

1853.]

Herbst, Kafer, 5, 180; Oliv. Ins. 11, tab. 1, fig. 5; Linn. Syst. Nat. (ed. Gmel.)
4, 1621; ibid. (ed. Turton) 2, 100.

S. noveboracensis Forster, Cent. Ins. 17.

Oiceoptoma ( Thdndtophilus ) marginatum Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 100.
Southern and Middle States; according to Kirby found at lat. 54°. Kirby
observes that in this case, at least, it would be very inexpedient to restore the
older name, and this view I trust every entomologist will adopt.

5. S. i n ae q u a 1 i s Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1, 251 : Syst. El. 1, 340 ; Olivier, 11, tab.
2, fig. 20 ; Herbst, Kafer, 5, 185, tab. 41, fig. 2; Linn. Syst. Nat. (ed. Gmel.)
4, 1620; ibid. (ed. Turton,) 2, 100.

Oiceoptoma ( Thanatophilus) incequale Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 102.

Common through all the Atlantic district.

B. Antennae articulo ultimo solo longiore, tribus proecedentibus aequalibus ;
articulo 2do 3io longiore.

a. Antennae breves, crassiusculae.

6. S. peltata Lee.

Scarabceus pelt at us Catesby, Carol. 3, tab. 10, fig. 7, (1731.)

Silpha Americana Linn. Syst. Nat. (ed. 12) ; 2, 570; (ed. Gmel.) 4, 1619.
(ed. Turton) 2, 99 ; Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1,249; Syst. El. 1, 337; Olivier,
11, tab. 1, fig. 9 ; Herbst, Kafer, 5, 176.

Blatta Americana Catesby, Linn, et auct. al.

Oiceoptoma ( Necrophila ) Americanum Kirby, Fauna Bjr. Am. 102.

O. (iV.) terminatum Kirby, ibid. 103.

O. (N.) affine Kirby, ibid. 103.

O. (iV.) Canadense Kirby, ibid. 104.

Northern, Middle and Southern States; the differences between Kirby’s species
appear to be partly individual and partly sexual ; specimens presenting the cha¬
racters of all his species occur together.

There is, however, a particular form which appears to be confined to the
Southern States, which perhaps is sufficiently distinct to rank as a species; from
the proportions of Catesby’s figure, it is probably his typical insect; in which
case the name Americana may be retained for the ordinary form, by those who
wish to consider them as distinct.

The variety in question is larger and much broader than those found at the
North ; the sides of the thorax are less rounded, and the surface more densely
and coarsely punctured. The suture of the female is armed with a more distinct
spine ; the horizontal portion of the epipleurae is broader and not so much
deflexed.

In regard to the change of name proposed above, I will merely observe that
Catesby appears to have been the first describer of this species, and that his
specific name has fallen into disuse, on account of the error committed by Lin¬
naeus in quoting Catesby’s work; as this error has remained uncorrected so long,
we are at liberty to infer that subsequent authors have merely quoted Linnaeus,
without verifying his assertion.

Although by the change here proposed, a well known name is sacrificed to one
completely unknown, it seems to me that there could be no good reason for re¬
fusing to replace the earlier name, which has been lost, not by forgetfulness nor
by ignorance, but simply by a perpetuated misquotation.

b. Antennae elongatae, tenues, sensim paulo incrassatae.

7. S. r a m o s a Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 193.

£. cervaria Mannerheim, Bull. Mosc. 1843,252.

Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri Territory, New Mexico, Oregon and Cali¬
fornia. In this widely distributed species, I have been able to distinguish three
forms, which though differing by more decided characters than are usually to be
found in varieties, can scarcely be considered in the light of ordinary species.

«. The color is dull black; the thorax is very much narrowed in front, and
more strongly rounded on the sides than in the others ; the margin of the elytra
is broader and less reflexed ; in the male, the elytra are broadly rounded poste-

43

280

[February,

riorly ; in the female they are prolonged and obliquely narrowed, so that the
body appears somewhat ovate. Of this form I have one female, from Fort
Snelling (Minnesota) and another from Wisconsin ; one male from Nebraska and
one from Oregon.

(i. Of this form I have only a single female specimen from California; the
body is elliptical, narrower than (at), the thorax riot so short; the margin of the
elytra broad and strongly reflexed, the apex obliquely narrowed as in the pre¬
ceding, but not longer than the abdomen ; the slight tubercle on each elytron be¬
hind the middle is more apparent. Color greenish black.

y. Color greenish black. Form regularly elliptical, narrower than the males
referred to (at) ; thorax not so short, less narrowed in front ; elytra broadly
rounded behind in both sexes, margin narrower than in the others, and strongly
reflexed. Very abundant in California.

Besides these, I have two specimens which cannot be classed with any of the
above, and perhaps indicate other forms, which, however, cannot at present be
distinctly separated.

The first is from Nebraska. It is a dull black male, having the thorax less
narrowed in front than (*), and the margins of the elytra narrower, as in (^),
but less reflexed. The proportions of the body are as in the male of («).

The second was found at San Diego, with ( y ) ; it is a greenish black female of
more dilated form, having the proportions of the male of («t), and having the
elytra broadly rounded, as in ( y ), the margin, however, appears less strongly
reflexed than in that form ; the tubercle of the elytra behind the middle, is more
obvious than in (at) or ( y ).

These forms appear to be subject also to considerable variation in the sculp¬
ture of the elytra; the punctures between the branching elevated lines are
sometimes very distinct, and sometimes almost obsolete.

The following is unknown to me :

Oiceoptoma ( Thanatophihcs ) trituberculatum Kirby, Fauna Bor.
Am. 101.

Found in lat. 54°. With this is probably identical the { Silpha opaca Auct .’ of
White, in Richardson’s Arctic Expedition (p.474). Whether Kirby’s insect is
in reality distinct from the European S. opaca Linn., or is related to it as the
forms of S. r a m o s a are to each other, must be left for future investigation.

Necrophilus Latr.

1. N. hydrophiloides Man. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 253 ; Chevrolat, Guerin’s
Icon. Regne An. 61, pi. 17, fig. 12.

San Francisco, in decomposing human excrements. Nothing in Mannerheim’s
description, or Chevrolat’s figure and description, indicates any difference be¬
tween Sitka specimens and those found by me, although a direct comparison
ought to be made in order to establish their identity.

Motschulsky, (Bull. Mosc. 1845, p. 363,) states that what is considered as a
black variety of this species, is distinct, and thereupon names it N. at e r; with
his accustomed haste, he leaves the distinctive characters to be determined by
any individual who is so lucky as to possess such rarities ; as few have had access
to species from Russian America, an expression of opinion upon this matter
might be dangerous ; for those, however, who would prefer adopting the belief
that there is but one species, until a second is demonstrated, I may mention
that the species found by me varies from piceous to black, and that there is no
other difference between differently colored individuals.

Catops Fabr.

A. Thorax angulis posticis obtusis.

1 . C.opacus, ater, punctulatus, subtiliter pubescens, thorace semi-elliptico,
basi late rotundato, elytris obsolete striatis, tibiis calcaribus magnis armatis,
Long. *23.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 184.

New York and Ohio, rare. The male has three joints of the anterior tarsi

1853.]

281

strongly dilated ; the middle tarsi are not dilated. The sutural stria of the
elytra is deeper than the others.

2. C. simplex, piceus, fulvo-sericeus, dense punctulatus, thorace antrorsum
subangustato, lateribus rotundatis- basi late rotundato, elytris obsoletissime
striatis, stria suturali profundiore, antennis basi testaceis ; tibiis calcaribus me-
diocribus armatis. Long. -14.

? Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 184.

New York. I am not positively certain that this is Say's species, which was
found in Arkansas. The thorax is more narrowed in front than described by
him; although the legs are in reality black, the lustre of the fulvous hair is
such, that one might readily be tempted to describe them as testaceous at base.

The anterior tarsi and first joint of the middle tarsi of the male are moder¬
ately dilated ; the antennae are as long as the head and thorax, moderately
thickened, the 7th joint is a little larger than the 6th and equal to the 9th ; the
8th is about one half smaller.

3. C. c 1 a v i c o r n is, oblongo-ovatus, ater, subtiliter pubescens, dense punc¬
tulatus, thorace antrorsum valde angustato, lateribus rotundatis, basi late rotun¬
dato, elytris versus apicem obsolete striatis, stria suturali profundae, antennis
thorace brevioribus magis clavatis. Long. *11.

One female, New York. This species is readily distinguished from the pre¬
ceding by the shorter, more clavate antennae, which are only indistinctly testa¬
ceous at bas£ the 7th joint is about twice as large as the 6th ; the 8th is
smaller than the 6th, and appears only about one third as large as its neighbors.
The spurs of the tibiae are somewhat smaller than in the preceding species.

B. Thorax angulis posticis rectis vel acutis.

4. C. c a 1 i f o r n i c u s, oblongus, subovalis, piceus, sericeus, subtilissime
punctulatus et transversim strigosus, antennarum basi, pedibus, elytrisque pal-
lidoribus, his stria suturali profunda, thorace antrorsum valde angustato, angu¬
lis posticis paulo productis. Long. *12.

Abundant at San Jose and San Diego, California. The antennae are slightly
clavate, and as long as the head and thorax. The thorax is strongly narrowed
in front, truncate at base, and slightly sinuate near the posterior angles, which
are subacute ; the sides are broadly rounded ; the disc is sometimes blackish,
and the sides dark rufous. The punctures of the upper surface in this species
are very indistinct, and the transverse striae very fine ; the pubescence is seri¬
ceous, but not dense. The anterior tarsi of the male are strongly dilated, the
intermediate pair simple, the posterior pair longer than the tibiae.

One female from San Diego appears more elongated than the others, and
much more narrowed posteriorly ; I cannot, however, find any other difference.

5. C. strigosus, oblongo-ovalis, subelongatus, piceo-rtifus, sericeus, dis-
tinctius strigosus, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, antrorsum modice angns-
tato, angulis posticis vix productis, elytris stria suturali profunda, antennis
magis incrassatis piceis basi testaceis. Long. *11.

One female, South Carolina, Dr. Zimmerman. This species resembles the
preceding, but the thorax is less narrowed in front, and less rounded on the
sides; the transverse lines on the thorax and elytra are more distinct; the
punctures are very indistinct ; the first four or five joints of the antennae are
testaceous, the rest are piceous, the apex is indistinctly paler.

6. C. consobrinus, oblongo-ovalis, subelongatus, ater, subsericeus, vix
punctulatus, subtiliter transversim strigosus, antennis basi rufo-piceis, elytris
stria suturali profunda, thorace antrorsum modice angustato, angulis posticis
leviter productis. Long. *12.

Georgia. This species resembles the two preceding, but is a little more
elongated, and more oval ; it is entirely black, excepting the base of the an¬
tennae and the tarsi, which are rufo-piceous. The thorax is more than one half
wider than long, moderately narrowed in front, broadly truncate at apex, very
slightly rounded on the sides, truncate at base and faintly sinuate at the pos-

282 [February

tenor angles, which are slightly acute. The punctures are very indistinct, the
transverse scratches are as fine as in C. californicus.

7. C.terminans, oblongo-ovalis, minus convexus, nigro-piceus, subtiliter
pubescens, elytris distinctius rugose punctulatis, stria suturali profunda, thorace
breviore, antrorsum valde angustato, angulis posticis vix productis ; pedibus
fuscis, antennis apice flavis, basi testaceis. Long. *12.

Le Conte, Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 218.

Very abundant at the mouth of the Pic River, on the north side of Lake
Superior, under dried animal matter. This species is broader and less convex
than the preceding, and is easily known by the more distinct punctuation, and
by the absence of the transverse lines. The thorax is densely and finely punc-
tulate, it is about twice as wide as its length, strongly narrowed in front,
rounded on the sides, especially anteriorly, slightly emarginate at apex, trun¬
cate at base, and very slightly sinuate at the posterior angles, which are scarcely
perceptibly acute. The anterior tarsi of the male, and the first joint of the
middle tarsi, are dilated.

By a misprint, the length in the description cited from Agassiz’ Lake Supe¬
rior, is made *15 instead of *12.

8. C. oblitus, subellipticus minus convexus, rufo-fuscus, pubescens,
thorace punctulato antrorsum subangustato, basi truncato, angulis posticis fere
obtusis, elytris transversim minus dense strigosis, stria suturali distincta, an¬
tennis flavis art. 4 — 10 fuscis. Long. *07 — *08.

Three specimens, Georgia. Easily distinguished by its sub-elliptical and less
convex form. I cannot discover any punctures on the elytra ; if they exist,
they are concealed by the dense pubescence, which is, however, scarcely seri¬
ceous. The male has three joints of the anterior tarsi dilated ; the middle
tarsi are simple in both sexes.

9. C. para situs, breviter ovatus, piceo-rufus, sericeus, thorace disco ob-
scuriore, brevi, antrorsum valde angustato, angulis posticis non productis,
elytris transversim strigosis, stria suturali profunda, antennis basi apieeque
flavis. Long. *08.

New York, in ants’ nests, with Hetaerius brunnipennis, March and April.
This species is much broader and more suddenly narrowed posteriorly than the
others. The thorax is fully twice as wide as its length, punctulate, notstrigose,
strongly narrowed in front, broadly rounded on the sides, truncate at base, with
the posterior angles simply rectangular and not produced. The elytra are
punctulate and distinctly striate transversely. The antennae are as long as the
head and thorax, very slightly incrassated, rufo-piceous, -with the first 4 joints
and the apical one yellowish ; the 7th joint is more than twice the size of the
6th ; the 8th joint is much shorter, but scarcely thinner than the following ones.
The anterior tarsi of the male are broadly dilated ; the first joint of the middle
tarsi is less dilated than in C. terminans.

The following species are unknown to me :

C. basillaris Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 194, Missouri.

C. cadavcrinus Man. Bull. Mosc. 1843,254. Sitka.

C h o 1 e v a ( Catops ) Spenciana Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 108.

Colon Herbst.

Mylcechus Latr.

1. C. den tat us, fuseus, oblongus, fulvo-sericeus, valde punctulatus, tho¬
race latitudine vix breviore, antrorsum magis angustato, angulis posticis vix
rotundatis, elytris stria suturali postice profundiore, antennarum clava magna
picea, pedibus rufo-piceis, femoribus posticis dente acuto armatis. Long. *09.

This, the first species of the genus found on this continent, was discovered by
the Rev. D. Ziegler, at York, Pennsylvania. The characters above given will
at once distinguish it from any European species. The thorax is scarcely wider
than long, strongly narrowed in front, broadly rounded on the sides, truncate at

283

1853.]

base, and not sinuate at the posterior angles, which are rectangular and very
slightly rounded ; the punctures are dense, very distinct. The elytra are dis¬
tinctly punctured ; the sutural stria may be traced to the base, but is deeper
behind the middle ; there are traces of other striae near the apex. The pos¬
terior thighs are compressed, and at the middle of the inferior margin are armed
with a small sharp tooth.

Div. 2. Anisotomini.

Trochanteres postici simplices; coxce postice approximate.

This division is considered by Erichson as a distinct family, which he divides
into two groups : Anisotomini, with strongly spinous tibiae, and Agathidiini, With
the tibiae slightly spinous, or merely pubescent. This arrangement does not ap¬
pear altogether natural, as some of the species of Liodes have the spines of the
tibiae very distinct, while others have the same organs nearly smooth. Possibly
a more natural division might be into three groups, thus :

A. Clypeus parvus capite connatus, vel vix distinctus; caput subtus non
insculptum.

B. Clypeus valde distinctus : caput subtus non insculptum.

C. Clypeus nullus : caput subtus sulcis profundis insculptum.

The first group corresponds to Erichson’s Anisotomini : the second contains
Liodes, and probably Amphicyllis : the third contains Agathidium only. The
first division is said by Erichson (Ins. Deutschl. 44) to be almost peculiar to
Europe : it will be seen, however, that it is quite respectably represented in this
country.

Anisotoma Illiger.

1. A. alternata, oblonga, ferruginea, nitida, thorace subtiliter punctato,
elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis subtilissime punctulatis, alternatim pluri-
punctatis. Long. *18.

Leiodes alternata Mels., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., 2, 103.

One male from Alabama, Haldeman : Dr. Melsheimer’s specimen was found in
Pennsylvania. The anterior tibiae are gradually and slightly dilated : the pos¬
terior tibiae are elongated, curved inwards, and slightly thickened at the tip.

2. A. a s s i m i 1 i s , ovalis nigro-picea, thorace subtiliter punctato, lateribus
rotundatis, basi late rotundata utrinque punctis maioribus marginata, elytris sub-
tiliter punctato-striatis, interstitiis obsolete punctulatis, alternatim pluripuncta-
tis. Long. *16.

Le Conte, Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 221.

One male, Eagle Harbor, Lake Superior. The anterior tibiae are slightly di¬
lated, the posterior ones elongated and curved inwards.

3. A.indistincta, rotundata, convexa, piceo-rufa, thorace obsolete punc-
tulato lateribus minus rotundatis, basi vix sinuata, utrinque punctis paucis mar¬
ginata, elytris minus subtiliter punctato-striatis, interstitiis subtiliter parce
punctulatis, alternatim 3 vel 4 punctatis. Long. *11.

Le Conte, Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 221.

? Leiodes puncto-striatus Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 110.

One specimen, found on the north shore of Lake Superior. The anterior tibiae
are as in the preceding, the posterior ones are straight and not longer than the
others. Kirby says that the interstices of the elytra are smooth, and they really
appear so, except under a powerful lens : a new examination of Kirby’s type
must, however, be made before they can be considered as identical.

4. A. collar is, ovalis, convexa, rufo-testacea, antennarum clava, capite
thoraceque piceis, hoc sat dense punctato, lateribus valde rotundatis, rufescenti-
bus, basi truncata, utrinque punctis magnis marginata, elytris profundius punc¬
tato-striatis, interstitiis subtilissime parce punctulatis, alternatim 5 vel 6 punc¬
tatis. Long. *12.

Le Conte, Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 221.

One male, Eagle Harbor, with the posterior tibiae slightly curved.

284 [February

5. A. strigata, rotundata, convexa, ferruginea, thorace lateribus rotundato,
basi truncato, vix obsoletissime punctulato, elytris seriatim punctatis, interstitiis
parce transversim strigosis, et subtilissime punctulatis. Long. *08.

Le Conte, Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 221.

One specimen from Eagle Harbor. This species is remarkable for the sculp¬
ture of the elytra; the punctures of the interstitial spaces are almost invisible,,
and are usually placed in the transverse scratches ; the sutural stria is deeply im¬
pressed posteriorly. By its sculpture this species is nearly related to A.
h y b r i da Er., (Ins. Deutschl. 75) but that is an elongated species with a dis¬
tinctly punctured thorax.

6. A.obsoleta, rotundata, convexa, rufa, thorace lateribus rotundatis, basi
truncata vix sinuata, subtilissime parce punctulato, elytris subtiliter punctato-
striatis, interstitiis obsoletissime punctulatis, 3'° parce punctato. Long. *075.

Pallodes obsoletus Mels., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., 2, 107.

Pennsylvania : for a typical specimen I am indebted to Dr. Melsheimer. His
description differs somewhat from the one here given, as the power of the lens
used by him was not sufficient to enable the specific characters to be clearly
perceived.

Cyrtusa. Er.

1. C. egena, subglobosa, testacea nitida, parce subtilissime punctulata,
elytris subtiliter striato-punctatis, tibiis posticis valde dilatatis. Long. *05.

Two specimens from Habersham county, Georgia. This species agrees in
every particular with the description of C.latipes Er., (Deutschl. Ins. 80)
except that the thorax is more distinctly punctured at the sides ; the sutural stria
is impressed from the middle of the elytra to the tip. The posterior femora of
the male are armed beneath, at the extremity, with a very large, slightly re¬
curved tooth, as in C. latipes.

The insect described by me in Agassiz’ Lake Superior, as Cyrtusa
g 1 o b o s a, on more close examination proves to belong to Liodes.

Colenis Er.

1. C. impunctata, subglobosa, testacea, nitida, thorace laevissimo, elytris
impunctatis, transversim obsoletissime strigosis, stria suturali pone medium dis-
tjneta. Long. *03 — 05.

Two specimens, found in Pennsylvania, were given me by Mr. Ziegler, a
much smaller one was found by me in upper Georgia ; as the posterior thighs aie
alike in all, they are probably females. This species will be easily distinguished
from the European C. dentipes Er., (Deutschl. Ins. 83) by the thorax being
smooth and shining, even when viewed with a Stanhope lens, and by the entire
absence of punctures on the elytra.

The genus will be easily distinguished by the seventh joint of the antennae
being but little larger than the 8th, so that the club appears 3-jointed, the third
joint is as long as the second ; the middle and posterior tarsi are four-jointed.

2. C ? 1 ae vi s, globosa, nigra, nitida laevis, thorace margine omni diap’nano,
elytris stria suturali nulla, ore antennarum basi corporeque subtus rufis, metas-
terno medio nigro. Long. -04.

Georgia. I considered this little insect as a non-globatile Agathidium, but on
relaxing a specimen and examining the antennae it appears to belong to this genus ;
the club of the antennae is, however, more slender than in the preceding, so that
the seventh joint really appears to enter into the club. The third to the sixth
joints are equal in length. The anterior margin of the front is broadly rounded,
as in the preceding genus. The mesosternum is strongly carinate. I cannot be
absolutely certain that the posterior tarsi are not 3-jointed, in which case it
would be necessary to place it in Agaricophagus ; the tibiae are apparently with¬
out spines.

The head is fully one-half as wide as the base of the thorax, and black, with
the mouth yellowish. The thorax is very short, deeply emarginate in front,
slightly rounded on the sides, broadly rounded at the base; the sides and basal
margin are diaphanous and yellowish. The elytra are entirely without striae or

1853.]

285

punctures, their tip is rufescent. The under side of the body and the feet are
rufous ; the inetasternum has a large central black spot.

It is very probable that the relation between the second joint of the antennae
and the following- ones should be considered as a generic character, and the ab¬
sence of all sculpture on the upper surface would seem to indicate a genus dis¬
tinct both from Colenis and Agaricophagus. Until more specimens occur, so
that a dissection can be made, it would be better to allow the species to rest in
the present genus.

Lioues Latr . (emend. Schmidt.)

1. L. globosa, hemispherica, nigro-picea, nitida, thorace subtilissime
punctulato, lateribus rotundatis, diaphanis, elytris punctulatis, punctis vix mai-
oribus seriatim positis, stria suturali postice profunda, antennarum basi tibiis
tarsisque piceis. Long. *13.

Cyrtusa globosa Le Conte, Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 222.

Sault St. Marie, Michigan, under bark.

2. L. po li t a, hemispherica, nigra nitida, thorace impunctato, lateribus ro-
tundato, elytris subtiliter punctato-striatis, interstitiis alternatim obsolete parce-
punctalis, abdomine, ore antennarifm basi pedibusque piceo-rufis. Long. *11.

One specimen, South Carolina, Dr. Zimmerman. Still more globose than the
preceding. The anterior tarsi are not dilated; the sutural stria as in all is deeply
impressed posteriorly.

3. L. d i s c o 1 o r, hemispherica, nigra, nitida, thorace impunctato, lateribus
rotundatis, diaphanis, elytris profundius punctato-striatis, interstitiis alternatim
parce punctatis, antennarum basi pedibusque piceo-rufis. Long. *11.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 103.

One specimen, Pennsylvania, Dr. Melsheimer. This species resembled very
much the preceding, but the rows of punctures on the elytra are larger ; the in¬
terstitial punctures are very distinct, and the abdomen is browm only at the sides.
The head appears reddish in some lights ; the first joint of the anterior tarsi is
slightly dilated. This species seems subject to variation in color, Dr. Melshei-
mer’s specimen is described as being ‘rufo-testaceous beneath.’

4. L. b a s a 1 i s , rotundata, convexa, nigra, nitida, thorace versus latera vix
punctulato, elytris basi rufis, parce punctulatis, punctis maioribus confusis
striatis, interstitiis alternatim 6- vel 7-punctatis, abdomine antennarumque basi
rufo-piceis. Long. *10.

Pennsylvania, Dr. Melsheimer ; New Jersey, Mr. Guex. The red color of the
base of the elytra extends from the epipleurae almost to the suture, its outline is
quite distinctly defined.

5. L.dichroa, rotundato-ovalis, convexa nigra, nitida, ore antennarum basi
pedibus anticis, ventre elytrisque testaceis, his punctis confusis striatis, intersti¬
tiis vix subtilissime punctulatis, alternatim 6- vel 7-punctatis, sutura margineque
nigricante ; thorace laevigato. Long. *09 — *10.

One pair, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; the anterior tarsi of the female are 5-jointed.

Agathidium Illiger.

A. Corpus globatile ; humeri rotundati.

1. A. o n i s c o i d e s , piceum, valde convexum, nitidum laeve, elytris stria
suturali nulla, antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis. Long. *13.

Beauvois, Ins. d’Afrique et d’Am. 160, pi. 6, fig. 2.

A. piceum, Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., 2, 103, (1844.)

Pennsylvania, Dr. Melsheimer. The margins of the thorax are frequently ru¬
fescent. There is an A. p i c e u m described by Erichson in 1845, the name of
which may be changed by any one who does not wish to adopt the synonymy of
this species as given above.

2. A. exiguum, nigro-piceum, valde convexum, nitidum, thorace lsevi,
limbo diaphano, elytris obsolete parce punctulatis, stria suturali antice obsolete,
postice profunda ; antennis pedibusque rufis. Long. *95— -*08.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., 2, 103.

286

[February,

A. rtijicorne, Le Conte, Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 222.

Found from Lake Superior to Louisiana. The tip of the elytra sometimes be¬
comes rufescent; the abdomen is usually ferruginous, but is sometimes dark co¬
lored ; I can find no difference between large and small individuals sufficient to
warrant their separation ; by actual measurement, however, Dr. Melsheimer’s
type is two-thirds of a line long instead of one-third as stated by him.

3. A. revolve ns, piceum, nitidum, modice convexum, elytris subtiliter
punctatis, obsolete striatis, stria suturali postice profunda. Long. *14.

Le Conte, Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 222.

One specimen from the north shore of Lake Superior. This species has the
power of contracting itself into a ball as perfectly as the preceding, and the late¬
ral outline of the elytra is precisely similar; it is very distinct by its less convex
form, and distinctly punctured elytra.

B, Corpus subglobatile ; humeri obtusi.

4. A. pule hr um , nigrum nitidum, valde convexum, capite macula frontali
rufa, thorace laevi margine omni flavo, elytris subtilissime punctulatis, maculis
utrinque duabus magnis obliquis flavis, antennarum basi pedibusque rufis. Long.
•09.

San Jose, California, under oak bark. The elytra are finely punctulate ; the
sutural stria is deep and does not extend before the middle; the anterior spot
commences at the humerus, and becoming narrower, runs obliquely backwards,
nearly reaching the suture about the middle; the second spot commences below
the humerus, and forms a broad vitta parallel with the margin, and not reaching
the suture ; the thorax is sometimes black margined with yellow, sometimes yel¬
low with a round discoidal black spot ; the club of the antennae is piceous, be¬
coming rufous at its extremity.

The left mandible of the male is armed with a long curved horn.

5. A. difforme, piceum, nitidum, convexum, thorace vix subtilissime
punctulato, Iateribus rufescente, elytris distincte punctatis, stria suturali antice
abbreviata. Long. *08.

Phalacrus difformis Le Conte, Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 222.

Two males from the north side of Lake Superior. The left mandible is armed
with a long curved horn. The head is distinctly punctured ; the base of the an¬
tennae, and the anterior feet are rufo-piceous ; the margins of the elytra are
rufescent.

I have nothing to say in extenuation of my error in placing this species in the
genus Phalacrus, the form of the anterior coxae, and the filiform tarsi, if looked
at, would have taught me better.

The genus Sternuchus Lee., (Agass. Lake Sup. 222) must be suppressed,
as, on careful examination, I find the club of the antennae to be two-jointed ; the
part described by me as the antennae of Sternuchus, appears to be an accidentally
adhering fragment of another insect. There, therefore, remains no character to
separate Sternuchus from Clambus, and the typical species must be called
Clambus gibbulus; it is the analogue of the European C. armadillo ; a
slightly pubescent species found in Pennsylvania was given me by Mr. Ziegler.
The genus Clambus, from the appearance of the under surface, may probably
enter the family Trichopterygia, but as yet its place seems uncertain.

As an appendix to the present family, it may be proper to describe an insect
which is placed in many American cabinets under the name f Sphaerites america-
nus.’ It is, however, by no means a Sphaerites, nor does it belong to the present
family, but from its transverse anterior coxae, entire prosternum, & c., &c., must
be placed in the family Nitidulariae, where it forms a new genus.

Psilopyga Lee.

Sulci antennales recti divergentes ; labrum bilobum ; mandibulae diktat*,
apice inflexa, acuminata, utrinque serrulata; palpi breves articulis ultimis ovali-
bus; mentum parvum breve subpentagonum ; tibiae compress* modice dilatatae;
tarsi anteriores dilatati, postici simplices; pygidium nudum.

1853.]

287

The form of the body is very similar to that of Hister ; it is glabrous, elliptical,
and moderately convex ; the elytra are truncate, so as to expose the last dorsal
segment ; the male has an additional small anal segment. The anterior tibiae are
more dilated than the others ; their outer margin is finely serrulate, and the outer
angle somewhat produced ; the terminal spurs are unequal, the larger ones
slightly bent; the prosternum is dilated and rounded posteriorly ; the middle coxae
are distant. The first ventral segment is larger than the others.

By this detail of the characters, this genus will appear obviously different
from any described by Erichson in his systematic arjangement of Nitidulariae,
(Germar’s Zeitschr. 4, 267 et seq.) ; it seems to approach most closely Ischaena,
(p. 287,) and Ipidia (p. 289.)

P. histrina, elliptica, modice convexa, nigro-picea, nitida, capite thorace-
que parce punctulatis, punctis maioribus intermixtis, elytris striis 9 punctatis
impressis, interstitiis parce subtilissime punctulatis, pygidio punctato.
Long. *21.

Pennsylvania, in fungi, Dr. Melsheimer and Mr. Ziegler. The thorax is nar¬
rowed in front, emarginate at the apex, with the anterior angles not rounded ;
the sides are broadly rounded, finely and strongly margined; tbe base is broadly
rounded, with a broad, short and truncate lobe in front of the scutel ; the latter
is large, triangular and sparsely punctured. The striae of the elytra are entire,
and the 9th is slightly sinuous ; the apex is truncate and has a fewT confused
punctures at the termination of the striae ; the punctures of the pygidium are
moderately large and shallow. The under surface is punctured ; the epipleurae
are concave and punctured. The base of the antennae is feebly rufo-piceous.

[Note. The manuscript of the u Synopsis of Scaphidilia y by Dr.
Le Conte, having been mislaid, its publication must be deferred.]

The Committee on the following paper by Dr. Le Conte, reported
in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Synopsis of the species of the Histeroid genus Abraeus (Leach,) inhabiting the
United States , with descriptions of two nearly allied new genera .

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

The number of species of Abraeus found within our territory, renders the
genus quite worthy of a special notice ; as they are all very small and uniform
in appearance, they present at first a moderate degree of difficulty in determin¬
ing their characters. This difficulty, however, vanishes under a closer inspec¬
tion, which shows the species to be as well defined as in other genera of the same
family. For the more complete illustration of the genus, I have added descrip¬
tions of two species from Cuba ; these being foreign to our present limits, are
not numbered in the following list.

Two species, which I considered as belonging to this genus, on close examin¬
ation present characters altogether different. 1 have accordingly constructed a
new genus for them, which must be placed in a different division of the family,
near Dendrophilus. To avoid confusion, however, as the species will undoubt¬
edly be mistaken by others for Abraeus, I have thought it better to append the
generic and specific description to the present essay.

Erichson has divided the six species knowm to him, into two groups. The
first contains globular species, wTith very short estriate prosternum, with no
lateral stria on the elytra, and with the pygidium indexed, so as to form part of
the ventral surface of the abdomen. Of this group there is but one species
known to me in this country.

The second group has the prosternum bistriate, the elytra with a lateral stria

44

288 [February ,

and the pygidium perpendicular. The species are numerous and vary in form
from almost globular to tolerably strongly depressed.

A synoptic table may be thus constructed :

A. Corpus globosum, pygidio inflexo. Abraeus.

1. rufus, elytris valde aciculatis, linea basali hamata insculptis punctiformis.

B. Pygidium perpendiculariter deflexum. Acritus.
a. Thorax basi marginatus.

* Pygidium laeve, (corpore rotundato.)

1. minus convexus, niger, elytris subtilius punctulatis et acicu¬

latis, . . . . • • • . .

2. valde convexus, niger, elytris punctatis, postice subtiliter

aciculatis, .........

3. valde convexus, piceus, elytris subtilius punctatis, postice

densius aciculatis, ........

4. rufo-piceus, elytris punctatis et aciculatis, lateribus laevibus,

postpectore punctato, . . .

(Corpore subovali.)

5. rufo-piceus, elytris subtilius punctatis et aciculatis, lateribus

laevibus, postpectore laevi, .

** Pygidium punctulatum, (corpore subovali.)

6. piceus parcius punctulatus, elytris lateribus laevibus, stria

laterali subtili . .

(nigro-piceus, punctulatus, elytris lateribus laevibus, stria

laterali profunda .

b. Thorax basi non marginatus.

7. ovalis, rufo-piceus, impunctatus, .

8. oblongus, subdepressus niger, punctatus, pygidio laevi,

9. oblongus, subdepressus, niger, grossius punctatus, pygidio

punctulato . .

(rotundatus, subdepressus, rufus, aciculatus,' pygidio vix

punctulato .

Abr.eus Leach.

1. A. p u n c t i fo r m i s, subglobosus, rufus, thorace punctato, elytris valde
aciculatis, linea basali hamata notatis, pygidio inflexo, punctato. Long. *02.

Common in the Southern States, under pine bark. I have adopted the name
under which it has been sent me by Dr. Zimmerman. Body subglobose, very
little longer than wide, rufous, somewhat shining ; head and thorax finely punc¬
tured, the latter not margined at the base. Elytra strongly aciculate, marked
on each side with a basal curved line, of a parabolic form ; the outer leg of this
curve may be traced quite to the apex, forming a fine marginal line ; the epi-
pleurae and under surface of the body are very coarsely punctured. Pygidium
strongly indexed, punctured. Anterior tibiae strongly dilated.

The prosternum is punctured, slightly emarginate behind, and not striate.

Acritus Lee.

Prosternum utrinque truncatum, bistriatum ; mandibuke retractae ; scrobiculi
antennales maximi profundi, in thoracis parte inflexa antice siti ; antennae funi-
culo tenui, capitulo ovali; maxillae mala interiore unco apicali armata; tarsi
postici quadriarticulati ; pygidium perpendiculare.

Although by Erichson considered as a portion of Abrceus, I have ventured to
separate these species as a distinct genus, since the characters already pointed
out by Redtenbacher (Fauna Austr. 210) in the form of the posterior tarsi and
the inner lobe of the maxillae seem to indicate the necessity of removing these
species from Abraeus.

In the form of the antennae and the cavities for their reception, this genus
agrees perfectly with Abraeus ; the prosternum is, however, less flat, and is
truncate posteriorly as well as in front ; it is marked with a distinct stria on

discus.

fimetarius.

strigosus.

conformis.

simplex.

basalis.

analis.)

politus.

maritimus.

exiguus.

atomus.)

289

1853.]

each side. The elytra are destitute of a marginal stria; the epipleurae have a
single entire lateral stria, and occasionally a rudiment of a -second at the base.
The pygidium is perpendicular, not indexed, as in Abrams. The anterior tibiae
are more or less dilated, but always gradually so. The middle and posterior
tibiae are slender. The posterior tarsi are only four-jointed, the portion usually
composing the basal joint being firmly anchylosed to the second joint.

To this genus will also belong Hister minutus Fabr., and Iiister nigricornis
Ent. Heft.) both placed in Abraeus by Erichson.

1. A. d i s c u s, rotundatus, minus convexus, nigro-piceus, thorace subtilis-
sime, elytris subtiliter sat dense punctatis, illo basi marginato, pygidio laevi.
Long. *04.

Two specimens found in upper Georgia, under bark. Body round, less convex
than usual, piceous-black, shining. Head very obsoletely punctulate. Thorax
extremely finely punctulate, with a distinct transverse line at the middle of the
base. Elytra finely and tolerably densely punctured, very slightly aciculate ;
epipleurae broad, finely punctulate, lateral stria deep. Pygidium impunctured ;
under surface finely punctured; legs rufous, anterior tibiae gradually very
slightly dilated.

2. A. f i m e t a r i u s, rotundatus, convexus, piceus vel niger, thorace punctu-
lato, basi medio marginato, elytris minus subtiliter punctatis postice subtiliter
aciculatis, pygidio impunctato, alutaceo. Long. *04.

Abrceus fimetarius Lee., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5, 54.

A pretty large species, found in the Southern and Middle States, in dung and
under stones. Head very finely punctulate. Thorax not densely, very finely
punctured, with a transverse marginal line at the middle of the base. Elytra
not densely, somewhat coarsely punctured, punctures becoming small poste¬
riorly and intermixed with dense fine scratches ; towards the base there are
usually one or two oblique abbreviated striae visible, which, however, are some¬
times entirely obsolete ; epipleurae inferiorly smooth, lateral stria deep. Pygi¬
dium impunctured, slightly chagrined. Under surface sparsely punctured;
anterior tibiae scarcely dilated.

A specimen found by Dr. Schaum at New Orleans, has the basal elytral striae
very deep, and between them about the middle, is a shorter, also oblique stria.
I can find no other difference between it and the others.

From the difficulty of perceiving the characters of such minute species, the
descriptions of my father are by no means as accurate in this genus as in the
others contained in his Monograph. Under this species he says that the thorax
is not margined posteriorly, but has a row of larger punctures. Now in all the
species which have the posterior line discernible, it is formed by the limit of a
series of basal punctures or aciculations, and is not an engraved distinctly de¬
fined line.

3. A. strigosus, rotundatus, convexus, vix ovalis, piceus, thorace densius
punctulato, basi medio marginato, elytris confertim punctatis postice subtiliter
dense aciculatis, pygidio impunctato. Long. *03.

Two specimens from Georgia. This species resembles very much A. fime¬
tarius, but is smaller, and the punctures of the thorax are denser and more
distinct; the punctures of the elytra are smaller. Body rounded, convex,
scarcely oval, shining piceous. Thorax densely, distinctly punctulate, strongly
margined at the middle of the base. Elytra moderately punctured, punctures
becoming small posteriorly, where they are mingled with fine dense scratches;
epipleurae almost smooth, lateral stria deep. Pygidium impunctured, obsoletely
chagrined. Postpectus and abdomen sparsely punctured, anterior tibiae very
slightly dilated.

4. A. conformis, rotundatus, convexus, vix ovalis, piceus vel rufo-
piceus, thorace subtiliter punctulato, basi medio marginato, elytris punctatis
postice subrugosis, lateribus laevibus stria laterali profunda, pygidio impunctato.
Long. *023.

Georgia, under bark. Similar in form to A. fimetarius, but only half as

290

[February,

large, and a little less globose ; varies in color from piceous to brownish-re,d.
Thorax very finely punctured ; middle of the base distinctly margined. Elytra
more finely not densely punctured, punctures posteriorly smaller and mixed with
scratches; the sides and epipleurae are smooth, the lateral stria deep. Pygidium
impunctured ; postpectus sparsely distinctly punctured ; anterior tibiae slightly
dilated.

5. A. simplex, oblongo-ovalis, convexus, rufus vel rufo-piceus, thorace
subtiliter punctulato, basi medio marginato, elytris subtilius punctatis et postice
rugosis, lateribus laevibus, stria laterali subtili, pygidio impunctato. Long. -025.

Abrams simplex Lee., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5, 54, tab. 10, fig. 11.

Abundant in Georgia, under bark. This species is more oval than A. con-,
formis, which it resembles very closely, so that the upper surface presents
hardly any difference ; the punctures of the elytra are, however, finer, and the
posterior rugae more numerous. The lateral stria is very fine. The postpectus
is smooth ; with a very powerful lens, and in a particular light, may be seen a
few very minute indistinct punctures. Anterior tibiae scarcely dilated.

6. A. b a s al i s, oblongo-ovalis, modice convexus, piceus, parcius subtiliter
punctatus, thorace basi medio marginato, elytris lateribus laevibus, stria laterali
subtili, pygidio punctulato. Long. *025.

Ahrceus bxsalis Lee., Annals of Lyceum of New York, 5, 170.

Gila and Colorado Rivers, California, under the bark of Cottonwood. This
species is very similar in form to A. simplex, but is a little less convex. The
more distinct punctuation of the thorax and the finely punctulate pygidium
will at once distinguish it. The punctures of the elytra are less mixed with
rugae posteriorly; the sides and epipleurae are smooth; the lateral stria is fine,
and the postpectus is sparsely punctured; the anterior tibiae are scarcely
dilated.

From A. analis it differs by the less dense and more distinct punctuation, as
well as by the less deep lateral stria.

(A. analis, piceus, modice convexus, leviter ovalis, thorace punctulato,
basi medio marginato, elytris punctatis et postice subrugosis, lateribus laevibus,
stria laterali profunda, pygidio subtiliter punctulato. Long. *027.

One specimen from Cuba, kindly sent by Don Felipe Poey. The distinctive
characters are already pointed out under the preceding species.)

7. A. p ol itu s, rufo-piceus, subovalis, modice convexus, laevissimus, stria
laterali subtili. Long. *025.

Middle, Southern and Western States, abundant under stones. This species
has entirely the form of A. simplex, but is destitute of punctures both above
and beneath. The lateral stria is fine but distinct, the anterior tibiae are
scarcely dilated. I have distributed this insect under the name A. Icevigatvs ;
on account of Hister laevigatus Payh. I have thought it better to change this
name. Paykull’s species is not an Abraeus, as conjectured by my father, but is
evidently a species of Caerosternus Lee., and only differs from the Cuban
C. laevissimus Lee. (Proceed. Acad. 6, 40,) in having the pectus slightly punc¬
tured. It has not been seen since PaykulPs time, and is probably a West Indian
species. Further comparison is necessary to determine whether Caerosternus
should not be reunited to Tribalus; the rounded margin of the prosternum
might be called a short broad lobe, while the lateral extension, although not
lobed in its outline, might be but a very slight variation of the form described
by Erichson.

8. A. maritimus, oblongus fere depressus, niger, thorace subtilius, ely¬
tris sat dense punctatis, pygidio laevi. Long. \045.

Ahrceus maritimus Le Conte, Ann. Lyc. of New York, 5,170.

San Diego, California, under decomposing kelp on the shores of the ocean.
This species, in form and size, equals our common Plegaderus transversus, but
has all the characters of the present genus. The thorax is finely punctured, the
sides are scarcely rounded ; the elytra are distinctly punctured, the punctures

1853.]

291

becoming slightly aciculate posteriorly ; there is a slight vestige of an oblique
stria at the base ; the epipleurae are almost smooth, the lateral stria deep ; the
pectus and abdomen are scarcely punctured ; the pygidium is impunctured ; the
anterior tibice are gradually and broadly dilated.

9. A. exiguus, oblongus, fere depressus, niger, thorace densius, elytris
distinctius punctatis, pygidio punctulato. Long. *03.

Abrceus exiguus Erichson, Klug’s Jahrb., 208.

Abrceus aciculatus Le Conte, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5, 54 ; tab. vi. fig. 10.

Abrceus obliquus Le Conte, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5,54; tab. vi. fig. 12.

Abundant in the Southern States, and found also at Fort Laramie, Nebraska.
Body oblong, subdepressed. Thorax densely, distinctly punctured, sometimes
slightly rugous. Elytra more coarsely punctured, posteriorly more or less '
aciculate ; lateral stria deep. Postpectus and abdomen coarsely punctured. Py¬
gidium finely but distinctly punctulate. Feet rufous, anterior tibiae very
slightly dilated.

There is frequently a trace of an oblique stria at the base of the elytra ; the
concavity of the epipleurae in this, as in some other species, causes the lateral
Stria in some lights to appear double.

Two specimens, which appear somewhat broader and more depressed than
ordinary, form Abrceus obliquus Lee., but after a very close examination, I can¬
not find any sufficient distinction. By the thorax in the one described being
dislocated, so as to show the posterior edge, it was incorrectly described by my
father as margined at the base.

A. a t o m u s , rotundatus, fere depressus, rufus, thorace elytrisque aciculato-
punctatis, pygidio vix punctulato. Long. ’03.

One specimen from Cuba, kindly sent by Don Felipe Poey. Body circular,
depressed, shining rufous. Head finely punctulate. Thorax and elytra coarsely
and densely punctured, punctures somewhat aciculate ; epipleurae / Pygidium
finely and obsoletely punctulate ; anterior tibiae not dilated.

I am not able to make a satisfactory examination of the under surface, bat the
form, color and punctuation are sufficient to separate it at once from the pre¬
ceding species, to which alone it is allied.

Bacanius Lee.

Prosternum latum, postice truncatum, antice breviter lobatum, et late rotun^
datum, non striatum ; mandibulae subretractae ; scrobiculi antennales magni,
diffusi, ad medium thoracis partis inflexae siti ; antennae funiculo tenui, articulis
penultimis rotundatis, capitulo ovali modice compresso ; pygidium inflexum ;
tibiae anticae dilatatae, posteriores angustae; tarsi omnes 5-articulati.

Although from the want of specimens for dissection, 1 am able to give but a
meagre description of this genus, the characters above stated will show the ne¬
cessity of separating it from Abraeus, with which, from the size and form of the
body, the species might be confounded. The distinction between this genus and
Dendrophilus is however not so well defined ; for the present it can be said, that
the prosternum in Dendrophilus is rounded posteriorly and elevated in the middle
and bistriate ; the mesosternum is emarginate ; the middle and posterior tibiae
are broadly dilated, and the pygidium is perpendicular.

Paromalus has the prosternum similar to Dendrophilus. In both the mesos¬
ternum is emarginate, while in Bacanius it is truncate.

The species constituting the second division below, ought probably to form a
new genus, but the specimen has lost the antennae, and I therefore postpone the
farther consideration of the subject till new specimens were obtained.

1. B. t ant ill us, rotundatus, convexus, rufus, nitidus, minus subtiliter
punctatus, elytris stria marginali antice abbreviata, pygidio punctulato. Long.
•035.

Middle and Southern States, under bark and in fungi. Body convex round,
almost globose, brownish red, shining. Head finely sparsely punctulate. Thorax
not densely, distinctly punctured. Elytra more coarsely punctured than the

292

[February,

thorax, with traces of oblique striae, near the base ; marginal stria distinct, but
not extending in front of the middle ; epipleurae sparsely punctured, with indis¬
tinct traces of a lateral line. Pygidium strongly indexed, finely punctured.
Body beneath coarsely punctured; anterior tibiae somewhat suddenly and broadly
dilated.

2. B. misellus , rotundatus, convexus, rufus, nitidus, tliorace parce punc-
tulato, elytris punctatis, stria marginali integra, pygidio laevi. Long. *03.

Two specimens from New York, under bark. Similar in form to the pre¬
ceding, but much smaller ; the thorax is more finely punctured ; the marginal
stria of the elytra is entire, anteriorly receding from the margin; the lateral
stria appears more distinct than in B. tantillus ; the pygidium is smooth ; under
surface and feet as in the preceding.

§2. Pygidium perpendiculare ; elytra acute marginata.

3. B? marginatus, rotundatus, modice convexus, niger, subnitidus, dense
grosse punctatus, elytris margme laterali acuto, pygidio punctulato. Long. *06.

One specimen from Illinois; Mr. Willcox. Body rounded, slightly and regu¬
larly convex, forming a small segment of a sphere, black, somewhat shining.
Head densely punctulate. Thorax densely punctured, lateral margin longitudi¬
nally impressed. Elytra coarsely punctured, with slight vestiges of external
oblique striae at the base ; exterior margin sharply defined; marginal stria obso¬
lete ; epipleurae broad, flat, bistriate. Pygidium perpendicular, finely punctured.
Under surface punctured, feet rufous, anterior tibiae curved inwards, slightly
dilated; posterior tibiae very slender.

The Committee on the following paper by Dr. Greene, reported in
favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Chemical Investigation of Remains o f Fossil Mammalia.

By Francis Y. Greene, M. D.

At the request of Dr. F. A. Genth, I have made in his laboratory a chemical
investigation of several fossil remains, collected by D. D. Owen, M. D., in his
late survey of Nebraska Territory. The specimens, which consisted of a brown
portion of bone from a Titanotherium, the enamel and dentine of a tooth of the
same animal, and a portion of the tibia of an Archaeotherium, were kindly fur¬
nished me by Dr. Joseph Leidy from the collection of the Academy of Natural
Sciences.

The general outline of the methods pursued in determining the constituents of
these specimens is as follows :

The finely-powdered substance, being always dried over sulphuric acid, was
dissolved (according to H. Rose’s method for the determination of phosphoric
acid) in nitric acid, and after adding mercury in sufficient quantity to combine
with the phosphoric acid, it was evaporated to dryness in a water bath. Afterwards
it was moistened with water and again evaporated to dryness; this operation being
repeated until no odor of nitric acid could be observed at the temperature of the
water bath. To this dried mass water was now added. The insoluble portion
consisted only of phosphate and basic nitrate of mercury, (except in one analysis,
in which iron existed irr determinable quantity ;) the solution contained fluoride
of mercury and the other constituents as nitrates. This was filtered off, and
the insoluble- phosphate, after being washed and thoroughly dried, was fused
with carbonate of soda, with all the precautions mentioned by Rose. The fused
mass, consisting only of phosphate of soda and the excess of carbonate of soda,
dissolved therefore completely in water, except in one analysis, in which a por¬
tion of the iron remaining undissolved, was filtered off and determined in the
usual manner. This watery solution was then acidulated with hydrochloric

1853.1

293

acid, and the phosphoric acid precipitated in the ordinary way by sulphate of
magnesia.

From the solution containing the soluble nitrates and fluoride of mercury, the
mercury was precipitated by chloride of ammonium, and the filtrate from the
calomel precipitated by carbonate of ammonia. As carbonate of lime and
fluoride of calcium are both slightly soluble in ammoniacal salts, a small quan¬
tity of each was always deposited on evaporation of the filtrate ; this was sepa¬
rated by filtration and added to the other portion of carbonate of lime and fluoride
of calcium. This precipitate was ignited, and an excess of acetic acid added,
which dissolved the carbonate of lime, leaving the greater portion of the fluoride
of calcium ; but, as fluoride of calcium is soluble to a certain extent in acetic
acid, the whole was evaporated to dryness to get rid of the free acetic acid, and
the dry acetate of lime dissolved in boiling water, and filtered from the insoluble
fluoride of calcium. It being found that it always contained a small quantity of
silicic acid, the mixture, after being weighed, was treated with hydrochloric
acid, which left the silicic acid undissolved, the quantity of which was deter¬
mined and subtracted from the previous weight, thus leaving the exact weight
of the fluoride of calcium.

The solution from the carbonate of lime containing magnesia and the alkalies,
was evaporated to dryness to drive off the ammoniacal salts, and the residue
dissolved in sulphuric acid, the excess of which was also driven off by heat.
The dry mass was dissolved in water, and acetate of baryta added to convert
the sulphates into acetates. The filtrate from the insoluble sulphate of baryta
was then evaporated to dryness in a platinum crucible and heated, in order to
convert the acetates of baryta, magnesia and the alkalies into carbonates, which
were treated with boiling water, and the soluble alkaline carbonates thus sepa¬
rated from the insoluble carbonates of magnesia and baryta. This latter mix¬
ture was then treated with diluted sulphuric acid, and the magnesia afterwards
separated from the filtrate as phosphate of magnesia and ammonia. The car¬
bonates of the alkalies were converted into and weighed as chlorides, and after¬
wards separated by bichloride of platinum.

A new portion was taken for the remaining determinations. This was dried
at 220° until the weight became constant, the loss giving the quantity of water.
The anhydrous substance was then heated in an open crucible until all the or¬
ganic matter was burned off, and then moistened with carbonate of ammonia, as
it was supposed that the high heat might have expelled a portion of the carbonic
acid. The difference of weight gave the quantity of organic matter. The car¬
bonic acid was determined in the usual manner from the loss of weight after
treating with nitric acid. The nitric acid did not dissolve a small quantity of
silicic acid, the weight of which was ascertained and added to the other portion.
From the filtrate sulphuric acid was precipitated as sulphate of baryta.

The following are the characteristics of the specimens and the data of the
analysis :

Specimen 1. — Bone of Titanotherium. Compact, with subconchoidal fracture.
Tough. Hardness=4.5. Sp. gr.=2.87 (at 20° C.) Lustre, resinous. Color,
brown. Opaque. On heating in a tube gives off ammoniacal water together
with the odor of burned horn.

I. 1.9136 grms. gave :

1.0200 grms. of Pyrophosphate of magnesia, (for P05).

0.0018

Silicic acid.

0.0340

iC

Sesquioxide of iron.

0.0137

(C

Fluoride of calcium.

0.0175

ee

Pyrophosphate of magnesia, (for MgO).

1.6995

tc

Carbonate of lime.

©.0504

tt

Chlorides of potassium and sodium.

0.0127

<c

Platinum=0. 0096 chloride of potassium.

294

[February^

II.

1.5776 grms. gave :
0.0090 grms. of
0.0086 “

0.0004 ££

0.0404 «

0.0645 ££

0.0323 ££

0.0896 ££

Sulphate of baryta and silicic acid, which contained
Sulphate of baryta, and
Silicic acid.

Sulphate of baryta (for S03).

Carbonic acid.

Water.

Organic matter.

Specimen 2. — Tooth of Titanotherium.

a. Enamel. Fibrous, with uneven fracture. Very tough. Hardness=4.7.
Sp. gr.=3.03 (at 20°C.) Lustre, surface vitreous, fibres pearly. Color bluish
gray.

I.

II.

1.6226 grms. gave :
0.9966 grms. of
0.0079 “

0.0016 ££

0.0099 “

1.4999 “

0.0454 “

0.0081 “

Pyrophosphate of magnesia (for P05).
Silicic acid.

Fluoride of calcium.

Pyrophosphate of magnesia (for MgO.)
Carbonate of lime.

Chlorides of potassium and sodium.
Platinum=0.0061 chloride of potassium.

.8518 grms. gave :

0.0545 grms. of Sulphate of baryta (for S03).
0.0023 ££ Silicic acid.

0.0586

0.0116

0.0470

Carbonic acid.
Water.

Organic matter.

Specimen 3. — Tooth of Titanotherium.

b. Dentine. Compact. Fracture uneven, somewhat subconchoidal. Hard-
ness=2.5. Sp. gr.=2.93 (at 20°C.) Lustre dull. Opaque. Color white, with
gray spots and black streaks. Assumes a greenish tint when heated in presence
of air, owing to the formation of manganic acid.

I. 2.0083 grms. gave:
1.1318 grms. of
0.0129 ££

0.0582 “

0.0297 «

1.7829 “

0.0356 “

0.0095

Pyrophosphate of magnesia (for P05).
Silicic acid.

Fluoride of calcium.

Pyrophosphate of magnesia (for MgO.)
Carbonate of lime.

Chlorides of potassium and sodium.
Platinum=0.0072 chloride of potassium.

II. 1.1643 grms. gave:

0.0509 grms. of Sulphate of baryta (for SO3)
0.0018 ££ Silicic acid.

0.0330 ££ Carbonic acid.

0.0245 ££ Water.

0.0310 ££ Organic matter.

Specimen 4. — Tibia of Archaeotherium.

Compact. Fracture uneven, somewhat splintery. Hardness = 4. Sp. gr.
= 2*82 (at 20® C.) Lustre pearly. Opaque. Color, pinkish white. Assumes
a greenish tint when heated in the presence of air. The cavities contain crys¬
tallizations of quartz, and sometimes of sulphate of baryta.

I. 2T037 grms. gave :

1*0243 grms. of Pyrophosphate of magnesia, (for P05.)
0*1070 ££ Fluoride of calcium.

0*0668 ££ Pyrophosphate of magnesia (for MgO.)

1*7639 ££ Carbonate of lime.

0*0714 ££ Chlorides of potassium and sodium.

0*0122 ££ Platinum, = 0 0092 chloride of potassium.

1853.]

295

II. 1-7400 grms. gave:

0-0345 grms. of Sulphate of baryta and Sil. acid, which contained

0-0300 “ Sulphate of baryta, and

0-0045 (i Silicic acid.

0-0814 <e Sulphate of baryta, (for S03.)

0-0395 <£ Carbonic acid.

0-0343 “ Water.

0-0711 “ Organic matter.

The analyses gave the following composition :

Spec. 1.

Spec. 2.

Spec. 3.

Spec. 4.

Fe2 03 .

. 1-777

trace

trace

trace.

MnO .

. trace

trace

trace

trace.

MgO .

. 0-348

0-219

0-53

1-140

CaO .

. 49-837

51-872

49-82

47-052

CaFl .

. 0-716

0-099

2-90

5-086

BaO .

. 0-359

—

—

1-131

NaO

. 1-134

1 .288

0-75

1-572

KO

. 0-317

0-239

0-23

0-276

Si03

. 0-135

0-611

0-79

0-259

SO3 .

. 1-067

1-011

1*51

2-200

P05 .

. 34-148

39-348

36-10

*32-957

co2 .

. 4-088

3-165

2-83

2-270

Cl

. trace

trace

trace

trace.

HO

. 2-048

0-626

2-10

1-971

Org. Mat.

5-682

2-538

2-66

4-086

101-656

which may be considered as

101-016

100-22

100-00,

Spec. 1.

Spec. 2.

Spec. 3.

Spec. 4.

2 Fe2 03, 3P05

2-821

—

—

—

3 MgO, P05

. 0-770

0-403

0-98

2-099

3 CaO, P05

. 69-685

83-835

77-81

68-582

2 NaO,P05

. 1-415

1-413

—

1-079

BaO, S03

. 0-547

—

—

1.723

NaO, S03 .

. 1-083

1-437

1-71

2-443

KO, S03 a

. 0-587

0-442

0-43

0-510

CaO, S03 .

. -

—

0-60

—

3 CaO, Si03

. 0-382

1-727

2-23

0-732

CaO, C02 *

. 9-315

7-212

6-45

5-172

CaO a . .

. 6-605

1-284

2-35

6-517

CaFl . . .

. 0-716

0 099

2-90

5-086

HO . . .

. 2-04S

0-626

2-10

1-971

Org. Matter

. 5-682

2-538

2-66

4-086

101-656

101-016

100-22

100-000

The analyses which have already been made show a great similarity of com¬
position as far as regards the inorganic constituents of fossil and recent bones
of mammalia, a fact which receives still farther confirmation from the above
analyses. In some few points it will be noticed that the inorganic constitution
of these specimens differs from that of analyses already published. This dif¬
ference may be accounted for by the effects of infiltration, by which a portion
of the original substances may have been washed out, wThilst its place was sup¬
plied by extraneous matter. All the analyses show an excess of lime, which

* As a small quantity of phosphoric acid was lost in its determination, the
loss in the analysis was calculated as phosphoric acid.

45

296 [February,

very probably exists in the form of a basic lime salt, similar to compounds well
known in mineralogy.

In order to test the correctness of the opinion that fossil bones contain fluoride
of calcium in larger proportion than recent ones, the fluoride of calcium was
determined with the greatest care. In no instance, however, was so large a
quantity found as in the analyses of fossil reptiles by Baumert,* where the
quantity of fluoride of calcium in the Zeuglodon macrospondylus amounts to
9-54 per cent, and in the Hydrarchos even to 16*67 per cent. By direct deter¬
mination, Heintzf found the quantity of fluoride of calcium in two human bones
to be 2*97 and 2-05 per cent ; the former of which corresponds almost exactly
with the quantity found in the dentine of Titanotherium. In the tibia of the
Archaeotherium, a portion of the fluoride of calcium may have been introduced
in the same manner as the quartz and sulphate of baryta.

The Committee on the following papers by Dr. Grenth, reported in
favor of Publication.

On a new variety of Gray Copper , perhaps a neio mineral •

By Dn. F. A. Genth.

Massive, apparently without any crystalline structure. H=4-5 ; Sp. Gr. ? ;
color nearly iron-black, when in very thin splinters subtranslucent with cherry-
red color ; streak brownish red ; lustre sub-metallic ; fracture sub-conchoidal ;
brittle.

B. B. fuses readily =1 ; gives off the odor of arsenic and sulphurous acid,
leaving incrustations of antimony and zinc ; with carbonate of soda on charcoal
yields a globule of silver and copper. Soluble in nitro-hydrochloric acid with
separation of chloride of silver.

The analysis gave the following composition :

Silver = 10.53 p. c. requires 1.57 S for Ag

Copper — 30-73

Zinc = 2.53

Iron = 1.42

Arsenic = 11.55

Antimony = 17.76
Sulphur = 25.48

100.00

7.80 S
1.25 S
0.81 S
7.42 S
6.63 S

25.48

“ Cu2
“ Zn
“ Fe
“ As
« Sb

s"l

If

sj

11.43

14.05

It is found at McMackin’s Mine, Cabarras County, N. C., but rarely, and is
associated with Iron Pyrites, Galena, Blende, Talc and Carbonate of Magnesia.

The sulphur ratio of the sulpho-bases and sulpho-acids is =11.43 : 14.05

= 1: 1.23

corresponding with the formula 5 (Ag, Cu2, Zn Fe) S-f-2 (As, Sb) S3.

I had, as the data of the analysis will show, but a very small quantity of the
mineral, and, therefore, although this formula is that of a new mineral, I am un¬
willing to give it a new name, until more of it will be found, and the analysis
repeated ; at present it is preferable to consider it as a variety of gray copper,
whose composition is expressed by the formula 4RS-4-RS3.

The following are the methods and data of the analysis: 0.1330 grs. were
dissolved in nitro-hydrochloric acid, and the chloride of silver filtered after di¬
luting with a large quantity of water. It gave 0.0140 grs. metallic silver. The
filtrate was evaporated almost to dryness, and heated with sulphite of soda ; and,
after in this manner the arsenic acid had been reduced to arsenious acid, the ex¬
cess of this reagent decomposed by hydrochloric acid. A current of hydro-

* Liebig und Kopp, Jahresbericht fur 1851, p. 594.
j Pogg. Ann. V. 77, p. 267.

1853.]

297

sulphuric acid was then passed through the solutions which precipitated sul¬
phides of copper, of arsenic and of antimony. This precipitate was filtered and
treated with sulphide of ammonium. The remaining sulphide of copper was
oxydized by nitric acid, and the oxide precipitated by caustic potash. It gave
0.0512 grs.

The solution containing antimony and arsenic was boiled with hydrochloric
acid and chlorate of potash, then tartaric acid, an excess of chloride of ammo¬
nium and ammonia added, and the arsenic acid precipitated by sulphate of mag¬
nesia as arseniate of magnesia and ammonia. From the quantity of magnesia in
this double salt the arsenic was found by calculation. The weight of magnesia
was 0.0082 grs. The filtrate from the sulphides of copper, arsenic and antimony
was oxydized by nitric acid, and the sesquioxide of iron precipitated by ammo¬
nia; it was 0.0027 grs.; the zinc was thrown down from the filtrate of iron by
sulphide of ammonium, and gave 0.0042 grs. oxide of zinc.

Sulphur and antimony were determined from the loss, and by calculation.

On Owenite , a new Mineral.
By Dr. F. A. Genth.

Formula — 2(3RO, Si03 )+(3R203, Si03)+6H0.

Massive ; aggregate of minute scales ; cleavage distinct in one direction.

H. = 2-5; Sp. Gr. (at 20° C.) = 3*197 ; lustre pearly; color olive green;
streak paler ; very tough ; fracture subconchoidal ; the powder greasy to the
touch ; odor argillaceous.

B.B. fuses easily = 3; and gives an iron-black magnetic globule; with borax
gives the reactions of iron, and with soda slightly those of manganese. Yields
water in the matrass. Dissolves in hydrochloric acid.

Mr. Peter Keyser has analysed it in my laboratory, and found the following
composition :

Silicic Acid
Sesquioxide of Iron
Alumina
Oxide of Iron
Oxide of Manganese
Magnesia .

Lime

Soda

Potash

Water . .

I. II.

23-101 23-317

13-895 13-881

15-532 15-642

34-578
trace.

1-159 1-371

0-286 0-431

0-410
0-076

10-835 10-354

Mean.

23-21

13-89

15-59

34-58

Contains Oxygen.
12-05

7-68]

1-26

0-36

0-41

0-08

10-59

0-49 I
0-10 f
0-11

8-39

0-01 J

9-42

99-872 100-060

Found at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, in metamorphic rocks with quartz. It
has impressions of Dolomite.

The name is given in honor of D. D. Owen, M. D., U. S. Geologist.

The ratio of the oxygen of RO -. R203 : Si03 : HO, is :

8-39 : 11-45 : 12-05 : 9-42

•1 : 1-36 : 1-43 : 1-12, or very near

•1 : 1-50 : 1-50 : 1-00, corresponding with the formula

2 (3 RO, Si03) -f. (3 R203, Si03) -4-6 HO.

The Owenite is closely allied to some other minerals, viz. Aphrosiderite and
Thuringite. All three resemble each other very much, and only by chemical
examination their difference can be detected.

Aphrosiderite is a mineral not generally known ; found at several localities
in Nassau, and first distinguished from earthy chlorite by Fridolin Sandberger,

‘298

[February,

who gave an analysis of it in his “ Uebersicht der geol. Verhiiltnisse des Herzog-
thums Nassau but without calculating its formula. He found that it contains :

Silicic Acid =

26*45 contains

Oxygen =

13*73

2*00

Alumina

21*25

tt

it

9*93

1*44

Oxide of iron
Magnesia

44*24

1*06

tt

tt

tt

tt

o^}10'23

1*49

Water

7*74

it

tt

6*88

1*00

100*74

This ratio leads to the formula : 3(3RO, SiC^-HS A1203, Si03)+6 HO.
Breithaupt’s Thuringite is, according to an analysis of Rammelsberg, 3(3RO,
Si03)+ (2 F e203, Si03)+9 HO.*

These three minerals are therefore :

Owenite 2(3RO, Si03)+(3R203) Si03)-f6 HO.

Aphrosiderite 3(3RO, Si03) (3 Al2 03, Si03)-}-6 HO.
Thuringite 3(3RO, Si03)-f(2 Fe2 03, Si03) -f 9 HO.

The following are the data of Mr. Keysets analyses, and the methods used
for the determination of the different constituents :

I.

II.

III.

IV.
V.

2.0770

0.4798

1.0865

0.3226

0.0670

0.0106

0.0185

0.0033

1.2898

0.4056

1.8920

0.2050

1.1542

0.1195

1.3668

0.3187

0.7148

0.2138

0.0495

0.0105

Grammes of the mineral gave :

££ Silicic acid.

££ Sesquioxide of iron.

££ Alumina.

££ Pyrophosphate of magnesia.

££ Carbonate of lime.

“ Chloride of potassium and sodium.

ee Platinum = 0.0025 chloride of potassium.

££ gave :

££ Gold.

££ gave :

Water.

gave :

Water.

gave :

Silicic acid.

Sesquioxide of iron.

Alumina.

Pyrophosphate of magnesia.

Carbonate of lime.

I. The finely powdered mineral was dissolved in hydrochloric acid, and silica
separated in the usual way, with the necessary precautions. In the filtrate the
oxide of iron was higher oxydized by nitric acid, and sesquioxide of iron and
alumina precipitated by ammonia; an excess of acetic acid was added to the pre¬
cipitate and repeatedly evaporated to dryness in a water bath. In this manner
the acetates of iron and alumina were decomposed, and sesquioxide of iron
and alumina separated from the soluble acetates by filtration. Alumina
and iron were separated by caustic potash. Lime precipitated from the acetates
by oxalate of ammonia. The filtrate containing magnesia and alkalies was
evaporated to dryness, and heated until the ammoniacal salts were expelled ; from
the residue the magnesia was separated from the alkalies by oxide of mercury ;
the chlorides of alkalies were weighed together and afterwards separated by
bichloride of platinum.

II. The mineral was dissolved in hydrochloric acid and cooled, while a
constant current of carbonic acid passed over it, in order to prevent the oxi¬
dation of oxide of iron by atmospheric air ; then a sufficient quantity of ter-
chloride of gold and sodium was added, and the reduced gold filtered after 24

Rammelsberg Handworterbuch, etc., Supplement III.

299

1853.]

hours5 standing. From the weight of gold the quantity of oxide of iron was
found by calculation.

III. and IV. For the determination of water, the mineral was exposed to a
bright red heat in a well covered platinum crucible. The loss in weight gave
the quantity of water; but this wras always a little too low, because a small
quantity of oxide of iron was found to have higher oxydized;

V. In analysis V the silica was separated as above, then the filtrate oxydized
by nitric acid and alumina, with, sesquioxide of iron precipitated by ammonia.
The precipitate was boiled with caustic potash in a silver vessel, and thus ses¬
quioxide of iron was separated from alumina. The precipitate of sesquioxide of
iron was dissolved in hydrochloric acid and precipitated by ammonia. The
filtrate of it containing still a small quantity of magnesia was added to the
liquid containing lime and magnesia. The lime was precipitated by oxalate of
ammonia, and from the filtrate of oxalate of lime, the magnesia by phosphate of
soda.

The Committee on Mr. Cassin’s description of a new Scalops, reported
in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Description of a, new Mole of the genus Scalops , from Oregon ; a specimen of
which is in the collection of the 'Exploring Expedition made by the 77. jS. Ships
Vincennes and Peacock , under the command of Captain Charles Wilkes , of the
United States Navy.

By John Cassin.

Scalops ;eneus, nobis.

Dentition. — Upper jaw, after the two incisors, having on each side seven
false molars, which are pointed and nearly equal, except the last, which is
double the size of either of the others, and has a small exterior basal lobe.
Molars three, the first with four external lobes, the anterior being very small,
the second large and pointed, the third short, blunt and deeply emarginate, the
fourth lobe also blunt and short ; besides these the first molar has one interior
and one posterior lobe, second molar with three short external lobes, the in¬
termediate one emarginate; also two interior large and pointed, and one posterior
similar to the interior lobe ; third molar with two short external lobes, the pos¬
terior one emarginate, and two interior lobes and one posterior lobe.

Lower jaw with two incisors on each side, the anterior of which is the
shorter ; these are followed by six false molars, which are pointed and nearly
equal in size, except the last, which is much larger and furnished with a minute
posterior lobe at the base. Molars three, each deeply sulcate on the external
surface and composed of two large external lobes and three smaller and shorter
internal lobes.

Dimensions. — Total length (of specimen in spirits) about 5 inches ; head 2,
fore feet 1.15, hind feet 1.40, tail 1.25 inches ; first and fifth toes of fore feet
equal, second shorter, first and fifth toes of the hind feet equal, other three
nearly so.

Colors. — Entirely shining, brassy brown, very glossy, and in some lights ap¬
pearing to be almost metallic ; darker on the top of the head, and lighter and
more obscure on the chin and throat ; nose dusky ; feet brownish ; nails and first
joint of the toes black ; palms dusky ; soles of the hind feet dark brown ; tail
light brown, thinly furnished with scattering bristles.

Obs. — This is the most beautiful species of mole yet discovered in America,
and exhibits almost the brilliancy of color which distinguishes the remarkable
South African animals which form the genus Chrysochloris, of this family.

A single specimen, apparently fully adult, is in the collection of the Exploring
Expedition, labelled as having been obtained in Oregon. In its dentition and
otherwise it is a strict congener of Scalops Townsendii, but is much smaller and
of a different color. Its black claws are especially remarkable, and distinguish
it from all other species of the genus.

300

[February,

The Committee on the following paper by Prof. Baird and Mr.
Girard reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

List of Reptiles collected in California by Dr. John L. Le Conte3 with description

of new Species.

By S. F. Baird and Charles Girard.

The following species of reptiles were collected by Dr. Le Conte, during a
scientific exploration of California made in 1830-51. As in his previous travels
through various parts of North America, Dr. Le Conte, in addition to the Co-
leoptera which attracted his especial attention, collected in other departments of
Natural History, making additions of greater or less extent in all.

The present enumeration, although containing all the species brought home
by Dr. Le Conte, gives no idea of the numbers actually collected. Owing to
the breaking of several jars and the difficulty of transportation, many valuable
species were lost, especially from the Colorado and from San Diego.

The Batrachians from San Francisco were collected in February, 1850 ; the
specimens from San Jose in April, and those from San Diego in May to Septem¬
ber of the same year. Bufo halophila was found at Benicia in August, and
Rena humilis at Yallecitas in October. The Colorado specimens were mostly
collected in November, 1850, and October, 1851.*

OPHIDIANS.

1. Crotalus lttcifer?? B. and G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phila., xi. 1852.

Dab. — San Diego, Cal. Owing to the imperfect condition of the specimen,

(a dried skin,) it has been impossible to state to what species this belongs. We
have, however, provisionally referred it to the above, as the one to which it
bears the closest resemblance.

2. Eutainia ordinotdes, B. and G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phila., vi., 1852,

176, and Cat. N. Amer. Rept., I, 1853.

From San Francisco.

3. Bascanion vetustus, B. and G. Cat. N. Amer. Rept., I, 1853.

From San Jose.

4. Pituophis annectens, B. and G. Cat. N. Amer. Rept., I, 1853.

San Diego.

5. Rhinocheilus Lecontei, B and G. Cat. N. Amer. Rept., I, 1853.

San Diego.

6. Contea mitis, B. and G. Cat. N. Amer. Rept., I, 1853.

From San Jose.

7. Diadophis amabilis, B. and G. Cat. N. Amer. Rept., I, 1853.

From San Jose.

8. Rena humilis, B. and G. Cat. N. Amer. Rept., I, 1853.

From Yallecitas, Cal.

* It is proper to remark, that besides the strong friendship manifested towards
me and towards the objects of my journey, by all the officers stationed at the
military posts which I visited, especial facilities were afforded by Major W. H.
Emory, then in charge of the American Boundary Commission, whose valuable
explorations in those desert regions have already contributed so much to science,
and whose labors, I am happy to say, are still further illustrated by the collec¬
tions made by me. — J. L. Lee.

1853.]

301

SAURIANS.

1. Crotaphytus dorsalis, B. and G., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Philad. vi.,
1852, 126.

F rom the desert of Colorado.

2. Sceloporus Occident alis, B. and G., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vi.,
1852, 175.

From San Francisco.

3. Uta Stansburiana, B. and G., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Philad., vi., 1852,
69, and Stansbury’s Expl. of Valley of Great Salt Lake, 1852, 345, pi. 5,
fig. 4 — 6.

4. LTta ornata, B. and G., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Philad., vi., 1852, 126.

From San Diego and San Francisco.

5. Piirynosoma coronatum, Blainv. — Girard in Stansbury’s Expl. of Valley
of Great Salt Lake, 1852, Append. C. 360, pi. 8, fig. 7 — 12.

From San Diego.

6. Cnemidophorus gracilis, B. and G., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Philad., vi.,
1852, 128.

From the Desert of Colorado.

7. Elgaria scincicauda, B. and G., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Philad., vi., 1852,
69 ; and in Stansbury’s Expl. Valley of Great Salt Lake, 1852, 348, pi. 4, figs.
1—3.

From California.

8. Plestiodon Skiltonianum, B. and G., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Philad., vi.,
1852, 69 ; and in Stansbury’s Expl. of Valley of Great Salt Lake, 1852, 349,
pi. 4, figs. 4 — 6.

From San Diego.

9. Anniella pulchra, Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. No. 60, 1852, 440.

San Diego.

BATRACHIANS.

1. Bufo halophila, B. and G. — Above dark brown, beneath reddish brown,
minutely blotched with black. A narrow pale ventral line from snout to
coccyx. A broad patch of dull reddish extending a little obliquely from the
eye to the edge of the mouth, narrowing below.

Hab. Benicia. Frequenting the edges of the sea, and jumping into the water
when pursued.*

2. Hyla regilla, B. and G., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Philad., vi. 1852, 174.

Syn. Hyla scapularis, Hallow., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Philad. vi., 1852, 183.

Hab. San Francisa or San Francisco.

3. Litoria occidentalis, B. and G. — Throat smooth. Abdomen, sides of
body and lower surface of thighs granulated. Tympanum very small. Fingers
almost or entirely free ; toes slightly webbed at the base ; extremities of both
not dilated. Color above pale chestnut, with obscure or obsolete blotches of
darker. Beneath white. A few cross bands on the outside of the legs. A
dark chestnut line beginning at the nostril, passes back through the eye, behind
which it widens so as to include the tympanum, stopping just above the insertion
of the arm. One or two oblique blotches of dark chestnut on each side.

Body 1 l-16th inches long ; hind leg extended 1£ inch.

Hab. San Francisco.

4. Rana Lecontii, B. and G. — Snout moderately pointed. Tympanum very
small, scarcely more than half the width of the eye. Skin quite smooth. A

♦Compare the habits of Leiuperus salarius Bell, Voy. of Beagle, Zool. Rept.
39, (Lee.)

302 [February,

broad fold of skin on each side from head to hind legs. Longest toe scarcely
webbed beyond the penultimate joint.

Above dark olive, with rather large circular black blotches distributed pretty
uniformly, though smaller on the sides. Each spot is lighter in the centre.
Beneath yellow, marbled with dark brown, thickly crowded except about the
groins. A pale greenish line extends from just below the eye to the shoulder.
Hind limbs broadly barred with dark brown. Lateral cuticular fold paler, a
black blotch at the base of the arm in front.

Darker above and below, smoother, and with the snout more acute than in
Hana Daytonii.

Length 2k inches. Hind limbs 3J.

Ilab. San Francisco.

5. Aneides lugubris Baird. Iconographic Encyclopaedia, II, 1859, (1st ed.)
256. Salamandra lugubris , Hallow., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phila., IV., 1848,
12G.

Hah. — San Francisco.

6. Batrachoseps attenuata Bon. Fauna ital., 1841. Baird, Journ. Acad.
Nat. Sc., Phila., I, 1849, 2S8. Salamandra attenuata , Eschsch. Zool. atl., 1853,
pi. xxi. fig. 1 — 14.

Ilab. — San Francisco.

7. Taricha l^ivis B. and G. Allied to T. torosa Gray, but smoother, having
but slight indications of granulations. Tail very much compressed, with a
fringe along the whole upper edge and the posterior half of the lower. Color
above dark purplish brown, beneath bright yellow, the line of demarcation very
distinct. Body 3 inches long ; tail 4£.

Hab . — San Francisco.

The Committee on a paper by the Key. Mr. Berkley and the Key.
M. A. Curtis, on the 11 Exotic Fungi from the Schweinitzian Herbarium,
&e.,” reported in favor of publication in the Journal.

The Report of the Corresponding Secretary was read and adopted.

ELECTION.

Mr. H. Cooper Hanson, of Philadelphia, was elected a Member of the
Academy.

1853.]

303

March ls£, 1853. «

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read —

From the Royal Society of Sciences of Stockholm, dated 20th Oct.,
1852, transmitting recent Nos. of its publications acknowledged this
evening.

From the same, of same date, acknowledging the receipt of late Nos.
of the Proceedings of the Academy, and requesting others deficient in
it ^ series.

From the Royal Academy of Sciences at Amsterdam, dated 5th Nov.

1852, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings, &c.

From the “ Acad. C. L. C. Natur® Curiosorum,” dated Breslau, Nov.
20, 1852, transmitting the volume of its “Nova Acta,” announced
this evening.

From “L’Ecole des Mines,” Paris, dated 6th Jan. 1852, requesting
certain Nos. of the Journal and Proceedings of the Academy deficient
in its series.

From the Smithsonian Institution, dated "Washington, Feb. 16,

1853, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings Vol. 6, No. 6, and
Journal Vol. 2, Part 3.

From the Secretary of the Troy (N. Y.) Young Men's Associa¬
tion, dated Feb. 21, 1853, requesting, for that Institution, the publica¬
tions of the Academy.

March 8th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Dr. Leidy called the attention of the members to several fossil fragments
found in association with the remains of Megalonyx, &c. in the neighborhood
of Natchez, Mississippi.

One of the specimens is half of a lower jaw containing several teeth, of which
the bone is enveloped in a thick layer of peroxide of iron. It belonged to a
species of CJrsus, and presents no difference in size or otherwise from that of
the common Black Bear.

Two others, consisting of a penultimate superior molar, and a fragment of a
lower jaw containing the last molar, "were referred to a new species of Bear,
under the name of Ursus amplidens. The fragment of lower jaw is even less
in size than the corresponding portion in the Black Bear, while the twro teeth
mentioned are very nearly as large as the corresponding ones in the Grizzly
Bear. The comparative dimensions are as follows :

U. americanus. U. ferox.

1

U. amplidens.

Depth of lower jaw belowr the last molar
Antero-posterior diameter of last lower

39 m. m. 50 m. m.

34 m. m.

molar .

15 m. m. !20 m. m.

19 m. m.

Transverse ditto .

Antero-posterior diameter of supra-

12 m. m. J 14 m. m.

14 m. m.

penultimate molar ....

19 m. m. 21 m. m.

1 1

21 m. m.

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA. — VOL. VI. NO. VIII. 47

304

[March,

March 15 th.

Vice-President Wetherill in the Chair.

A letter was read from Mr. Jacob S. Miller, of Philadelphia, dated
March 1, 1858, offering to present to the Academy the Gun of the late
Alexander Wilson, the Ornithologist. Referred to the Curator.-.

Also a letter from Lieut. M. F. Maury, dated National Observatory,
Washington, March 10, 1853, acknowledging the receipt of his notice
of election as a Correspondent.

And a communication from the same, containing observations on
Atmospheric Pressure, which was read and referred to a Committee
consisting of Dr. Ruschenberger, Dr. Elwyn and Dr. Bridges.

A letter was read from Dr. H. Gibbons, dated San Francisco, Dec.
31, 1852, transmitting the specimens of fruit and leaves of Podocarpus,
the donation of which was acknowledged at a previous meeting.

On motion of Mr Vaux, it was Resolved, That a Committee be ap¬
pointed to ascertain at what price the Collection of Crania belonging to
the Estate of the late Dr. Morton could be purchased for the Academy,
and also whether that amount could be raised by subscription. Com¬
mittee — Mr. Vaux, Dr. C. D. Meigs and Mr. John Cooke.

March 29 th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee on Dr. Iloy’s “ Notes on the Ornithology of Wis¬
consin,” reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Notes on the Ornithology of Wisconsin*

By P. R. Hoy, M. D., of Ricine, Wisconsin.

With few exceptions, the facts contained in the following brief Notes were
obtained from personal observations made within 15 miles of Racine, Wisconsin,
lat. N. 42° 42'; long. W. 88°. This city is situated on the western shore of
Lake Michigan, at the extreme southern point of the heavy timbered district
where the great prairies approach near the lake from the west, and is a remark¬
ably favorable position for ornithological investigations. It would appear that
this is a grand point, a kind of rendezvous, that birds make during their migra¬
tions. Here, within the last seven years, I have noticed 283 species of birds,
about one-twentieth of all known to naturalists, many of which, considered
rare in other sections, are found here in the greatest abundance. It will be seen
that a striking peculiarity of the ornithological fauna of this section is, fhat
southern birds go further north in summer, while northern species go further
south in winter than they do east of the great lakes.

[* Indicates those known to nest within ihe State.]

VULTURIN-'E, (1 species.)

*Cathartes aura, Linn.

Found occasionally as far north as Lake Winnebago, lat. 44°. More
numerous near the Mississippi River.

FALCONID.E, (i9 species.)

*Aqujlv curys^tos, Linn.

I have a fine specimen, shot near Racine, Dec. 1S03.

1853.]

30-5

It is a fact worthy of note that this noble eagle, in the absence of rocky cliffs
for its eyrie, does occasionally nest on trees-. One instance occurred between
Racine and Milwaukee, in 1851. The nest was fixed in the triple forks of a
a large oak.

Halijstcs Washingtonii, And.

I procured, in 1850, a living bird that had been slightly wounded, which
answered to Audubon’s description of this doubtful species. I kept it in an
ample cage upwards of two years, but before its death it underwent changes in
plumage which led me to believe that, had it lived, it would have proved to be
the white-headed species. I put several species of hawks and owls into the
same apartment, several of which the. eagle killed and devoured without cere¬
mony. When a fowl was introduced, he pounced upon it, and without attempting
to kill, proceeded to pluck it with the greatest unconcern, notwithstanding its
piteous screams and struggles.

It is my opinion that the Bird of Washington will prove to be only an unusually
marked large and fine immature white-headed eagle. My specimen, a female,
measured 7£ ft. in alar extent.

*Halletus leucoceph alus, Linn.

Numerous throughout the State. I have seen one of these fine birds pounce
upon and capture a fish in the lake. The eagle did not disappear wholly under
the water, which led me to suspect that the fish was in some way disabled.
*Pandion haluetus, Linn.

Not uncommon.

*Falco PEREGRim s, Gmel.

This noble falcon is frequently met with, although not so numerous as many
other hawks. A pair nested for several years within ten miles of this city;
constructing their nest on the top of a large red beech-tree.

I have seen one of these daring hawks make a swoop into a flock of blue¬
winged teal, killing two on the spot.

*Falco columbarius, Linn.

This active little falcon is numerous, especially in spring and fall, during the
migration of the smaller birds. A few nest with us, many more in the pine
forests of the northern part of the State. Those that nest in this vicinity regu¬
larly morning and evening visit the lake shore, in quest of bank swallows,
which they seize with great dexterity while on the wring.

Fauco jERALOX, Gmel.

1 have met with three individuals of this small species, Nov. loth, 1819,
Dec. 25th, 1850, and Dec. 12th, 1852.

*Faeco srARVEBius, Linn.

Common.

*AsrUR ATRICAPILLUS, Wilson.

This daring and powerful hawk is to be found at all seasons ; the old birds
only remain during winter, the young retiring further south. The young are so-
different in their plumage from the old birds, that few would suspect their
identity ; they are more bold and daring, much more destructive to the poultry
yards than the more sly and cautious old ones — a peculiarity not, however, con¬
fined to this species.

*Astur Cooperii, Bonap.

Not uncommon. They destroy many quails and young grouse, which, toge¬
ther with poultry, constitute their principal fare. They construct their nests
on the top of large trees, in the most secluded situations, and leave us at the
approach of winter.

*Astuk fuscos, Gmel.

Common. Nest here about the middle of April.

IcTINEA PLUM BE A, Gmel.

I saw a single specimen of this southern kite on Rock River in this State,
in July, 1846. It is occasionally met with on the Mississippi River.

306

[March,

*Nauclerus furcates, Linn.

This kite was numerous within ten miles of Racine, where they nested up to
the year 1848, since which time they have abandoned this region. I have not
seen one since 1850. They nested on tall elm trees about the 10th of June,
and left us about the 1st of September.

*Buteo lagopus, Wilson.

Not numerous. I have repeatedly seen this buzzard soar to great heights,
notwithstanding the testimony of some ornithologists to the contrary. They
are in the habit, wrhile in pursuit of mice, frogs, &c., of balancing themselves
over marshy situations on the prairies. If not successful, they sail off’ to other
more suitable grounds, and renew the same motion. When they espy the
quarry, they dart directly upon it4in the manner of the true falcon. Where there
are trees, they may adopt a different mode of hunting. My observations apply
to the prairies.

*Boteo borealis, Gmel.

Common. They do not remain with us during severe winters. I have a fine
albino specimen of this species. Although pure white, the irides were yellow.
This individual was known to inhabit a particular district in Huron Co., Ohio,
for ten years. Although I had offered a liberal reward for the capture of the
“ white hawk,” it was several years before I succeeded in getting him.

Buteo vulgaris, Willoughby .

Not numerous. One of our winter residents.

*Buteo penns ylvanicus, Wilson.

Common.

*Buteo lineatus, Gmel.

This noisy species is extremely numerous. The great number of hawks, of
this and other species, that are often seen soaring in company during fine wea¬
ther, about the 20th of September, at which time they are migrating south, is
almost incredible.

*Cincus cyaneus, Linn.

Common. They build their nests entirely of grasses (carex,) placed on the
ground in the middle of swampy marshes. Nest about the 1st of June.

STRIGINiE, (14 species.)

Surnia funerea, Gmel.

A few visit us every winter.

Surnia nyctea, Linn.

Numerous on the prairies fropi November to March.

*Scops asio, Linn.

Common. In the month of June I caught four young ones just as they were
about leaving the nest. They were a deep reddish brown, in all respects
similar to the old female which I shot at the time, and have preserved.

*Scofs NiEviA, Gmel.

Common. I am not yet satisfied that the mottled and red owls are specifically
the same.

*Bubo virginianus, Gmel.

One of our most numerous species. I once put a remarkably large and fine
owl of this species into the same cage with the “ Washington Eagle,” pre¬
viously mentioned, which soon resulted in a contest. The moment a°bird was
given to the owl, the eagle demanded it in his usual peremptory manner, which
was promptly resisted with so much spirit and determination that for a time I
was in doubt as to the result; but finally the eagle had to stand aside, and wit¬
ness the owl devour the coveted morsel. After several similar contests, it was
mutually settled that possession gave an undisputed right, the owl not being

disposed to act on the offensive. I had a fine red-shouldered* hawk in the same
aviary, which the owl killed and ate the second night.

Bubo subarcticus, Hoy.

This winter vistor I consider closely allied, yet distinct fr6m the common
horned owl, and as such it is described in the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. vi.
page 211. I have as yet examined but three specimens. The specimen in the
collection of the Academy was known to carry off from one farm, in the space
of a month, not less than twenty-seven individuals of various kinds of poultry,
before it was shot.

Syrxitjm cinereum, Linn.

Not numerous. 1 have a fine male specimen, shot near Racine, Jan. 4, 1848.

A remarkable peculiarity of this specimen was, that the irides wrere brilliant
blood-red. I saw one sieze and carry off a duck on Lake Superior, near the
mouth of Cerf river, Sept. 1st, 1845.

*Svrnii: M nebulosum, Linn.

Common in the heavy timbered districts.

*Otus vulgaris, And.

More numerous in the vicinity than any other owl. The young leave the nest
about the middle of June.

*Otus brachyotus, Linn.

Common on the prairies, where they nest on the ground, in the tall grass. The
young are fully fledged by the second week in June.

*Nyctale acadica, Gmel.

Common.

Nyctale Tengmalmi, Gmel.

I procured a single specimen near Racine, Nov. 30th, 1850. Not uncommon
on the head waters of the Wisconsin river.

Nyctale Kirtlandii, Hoy.

A third species of this genus, found here, and described in the Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. vol. vi. page 210.

Only two specimens have yet been observed.

Strix flam me a, Linn.

A fine specimen of this handsome owl was obtained this spring by my friend
the Rev. A. C. Barry, of this city. It was shot near this city, and is the only
specimen which has come under my observation.

C APRIMU LGIDiE, (2 species.)

*Antrostomus vociferus, Wilson.

Common. Arrives about the 1st of May, departs middle of September.
*Chordeiles virginianus, Briss.

Numerous. They leave us by the 15th of September. On the 10th of this
month, 1850, for two hours before dark, these birds formed one continuous flock,
moving south. They reminded me, by their vast numbers, of passenger
pigeons, more than night hawks. Next day not one was to be seen.

HIRUNDINID^E, (6 species.)

*Progne purpurea, Linn.

Common.

*HlRUNDO AMERICANA, Wilson.

Numerous.

*Hirundo fulva, Vieill.

A few nested for the first time at Racine in 1852. Numerous in many parts
of the State.

308

[Marcit,

•HiRUNDO bicolor, Vie.Ul,

Not a numerous species with us. Arrives from the 1st to the middle of April.
•Cotyle riparia, Linn.

This numerous species perforates the banks of the lake, wherever the soil is
sandy.

*CH/ETURA PELASGIA, TeVlVl .

Common.

HALCYONIDJE, (1 species.)

•Ceryle alcyon, Linn.

Common.

LANIAD^E, (3 species.)

*L A NIL’S BOREALIS, Vieill.

This large shrike is most numerous during fall and winter. A few, however,
spend the summer in the middle and northern parts of this State. During
winter they subsist on field mice (arvicola,) and small birds.

*LiANinS LUDOV1CIANUS, Linn. ?

I much doubt whether the north-wrestern and southern loggerhead are the
same. Our bird is smaller than the southern, as described in the ornithological
w'orks, the adult male measuring 8.^ to 121 ; female 81 to 10f. The nest and
eggs, too, differ materially from Bachman’s description, as quoted by Nuttall, of
those of the southern species. The Wisconsin bird constructs a compact nest,
placed on the lower branches of a small tree. It is composed externally of
small sticks and roots, filled in with strips of bark and the iint of various species
of plants, and is amply lined with feathers, which almost conceal the six
spotted eggs.

The male assists in incubation, which is completed in fourteen days.

I once shot a female just as the pair had commenced building. The male
w'ent on and completed the nest, even to the soft, lining of feathers, then took
his stand on the topmost branch of the same tree, and continued watching
almost constantly for three days, apparently awaiting the return of his mate.
At the end of that time I missed him, and supposed he had abandoned the spot ;
but the second day afterwards, he returned writh a newr bride, w’ho appeared
W’ell satisfied with the waiting nest, and commenced laying immediately.

They return to a particular tree to nest every year. This attachment is so
great, that when the nest is destroyed, even after they commence incubation,
they not unfrequently construct another on the same tree. Mice, young birds
and large insects compose their fare.

Numerous on the border of the prairies. Arrive 1st of April ; depart in
October.

Lanius excubitoro ides. Strains.

I shota pair of birds of this species in March last ( 1 S-W.) The female is faintly
marked on the breast with pale brown undulating lines. This is undoubtedly a
distinc t species.

MTJSCICAPID/E, (14 species.)

*Tyrannt;s intrepidus, Vieill.

Common.

•Tyrannus crinitus, Linn.

Not so common as the preceding. Inhabits the dark swampy wroods, where
the harsh squeak of this species is frequently heard.

•Tyrannula fusca, Gmtl.

This familiar pewee is met with everywhere.

•Tyrannula virens, Linn *,

Common in the deep solitary woods.

1853.]

309

Tyrannula thcebe, Lath.

I shot two individuals of this species May 10th, 1848. Probably not very
rare, but impossible to distinguish it from the T. fusca without carefully com¬
paring the two.

•Tyrannula a~adica, Gmel.

The most numerous of the fly-catchers in Wisconsin.

Tyrannula pusilla, Swains. •

This species, so closely allied to the preceding, is not unfrequently met with
about the 10th of May, on its passage north.

Tyrannus Coopf.ru, Nutt.

I have occasionally met with this bird during the latter part of May.

•Sf.tophaga ruticilla, Linn.

Numerous. Arrive 5th of May; commence constructing their nests 1st of
June.

•Setophaga mitrata, Bona p.

Not numerous near Racine, which maybe considered the northern limit of this
bird’s summer migration.

•Setophaga canadensis, Linn .

This interesting species is not uncommon with us.

Setophaga Wilsonii, Bonajt.

Common from the 10th to the 25th of May.

Setophaga miwuta, Wilson.

Rarely met with. The only specimens I have were shot 1st of June, 1850.
*CuLIClVORA CERULEA, Li 11)1.

Not uncommon. Arrives first of May.

VIREONINyE, (6 species.)

* VlREO FLAVIFRONS, Vieill.

Not uncommon. First appearance from 10th to 15th of May.

* VlREO SOLITARIES, Vie.Hl.

This is by no means a rare bird in Wisconsin ; it frequents the most secluded
thickets. Arrives about 15th of May.

* VlREO NOVEBORACENSIS, Gmel.

I have noticed but few specimens of this species. Not common.

•Vtreo gilvus, Vieill.

This cheerful songster is rather scarce with us, perhaps the least numerous of
the Vireos.

* VlREO OLIVACKUS, Li.llil.

By tar the most abundant of the birds of this genus; its sprightly and melo¬
dious song is heard almost constantly during the summer.

•Peteria VIRIDIS, Gmel.

A few only are to be found in the tangled thickets during the summer months.
MERULTDJE, (10 species.)

Mimus polyglottus, Lath.

Occasionally a straggler of this charming songster finds its way as far north
as Wisconsin. I saw one between Racine and Kenosha July 16th, 1851, and a se¬
cond near the State line on Rock river, July 26th, 1846.

*Mimus rufus, Linn .

Very abundant.

*M'MUS felivqx, Bon ay.

Common.

310

[March,

•Turdis migratorius, Linn.

Abundant. Arrives middle of March, leaves first of November.

•Turdus mustelinus, Gmel .

Common. Wishing to add to my collection a pair of this species, together
with their nest and eggs, I shot the female, and was about to secure the nest,
when the male, which had been watching me in the vicinity, commenced sing¬
ing ; and as I approached the spot he glided off still further from the nest, all the
time pouring fourth the most mellow and plaintive strains I ever before heard
uttered by this most melodious of songsters. After I had been enticed to a con¬
siderable di'tance, he returned to the vicinity of the nest; three or four times I
followed this bird in the same manner before I suceeded in shooting him. This
movement, and the effect of his tender song, so far enlisted my sympathies that
I regretted exceedingly my cruelty in destroying his nest and mate. It is
common for birds to resort to various stiatagems for the purpose of attracting
intruders from their nests, but this is the only instance with w'hich I am ac¬
quainted where the charms of their music were employed for this object.

Turdus solitarius, Wilson. (?)

Numerous during spring and fall.

Is our bird, which retires further north to breed, the same that nests in the
Southein States ?

* Turd us wilsonii, Bonap.

Common. Nests 1st of June.

•Seiurus noveboracensis, Gmel.

Abundant in spring and fall. A few nest in dark and gloomy swamps. Their
song is sweet, a mixture between the Warbler’s merry ditty and the more mellow
strains of the Thrush.

•Seiurus aurocafillus, Wilson.

Common.

AnTHUS LUDOVICTANUS, Lickst.

Abundant on the prairies in spring and fall.

SYLVIADrE, (35 species.)

Sylvicola coronata, Wilson.

Numerous. The first w'arbler that arrives in the spring — 1st of April; they
all go north by the third of May ; in the fall they linger with us until November.

Sylvicola petechia, Lath.

Very numerous, especially in the fall, when thousands may be seen any day
on the prairies, — running along the fences, — flitting from stalk to stalk in the
corn-field, — all the time wagging their tails in the manner of the Titlark and
Aquatic-Thrush, which they closely resemble in habits.

•Sylvicola jESTiva, Gmel.

Abundant.

Sylvicola maculosa, Lath.

Numerous from the 5th to 27th of May.

Sylvicola flavicollis, Wilson.

I shot a single individual of this species near Racine, June 20th, ISIS.
•Sylvicola virexs, Lath.

Common. A few nest with us. The old males arrive 5th of May, young males
and females about the 10th of the same month.

•Sylvicola Blackburnle, Lath .

One of the most numerous warblers from the 5th to the 20th of May. The
old males precede the females about a week. The first arrivals of this species,
as well as all others, are in the finest plumage. A few nest with us.

1853.]

311

•Sylvicola icterocephala, Lath.

This beautiful little warbler is extremely abundant. It prefers localities with
a dense under-brush, especially hazel, thinly covered with trees. In such situa¬
tions it is not uncommon to hear the songs of a dozen males at the same time.
They construct a nest of blades of grass and thin strips of bark intermingled
with caterpillars’ web, fixed in a low bush, (generally hazel,) seldom more than
two or three feet from the ground ; the eggs, 4 or 5 in number, closely resemble
those of the S. cestiva. But one brood is raised in a season — nest from the 10th
to 15th of June. If the nest be approached when the female is in it, she will drop
to the ground and hobble along with one wing dragging, uttering at the same
time a peeping note of distress.

I once caught a young bird of this species that had just left the nest ; the
parent birds, in their alarm for its safety, approached so near to me that I caught
the male in my hand. I let them both go, upon which, the joy of the old bird
appeared to be greater for the escape of the young fledgling than for his own
release.

Sylvicola castanea, Wilson.

Arrives in large numbers about the 10th of May; all gone north by the 25th.
Sylvicola striata. Lath.

Equally numerous with the preceding ; the twro species arrive and depart in
company.

•Sylvicola pinus, Lath.

Not a numerous species with us. Nest in the northern pine forests.
Sylvicola discolor, Vieill.

A few are occasionally seen about the middle of May. Rare in Wisconsin.
•Sylvicola Americana, Lath.

Common. The beautiful pensile nest of this bird has never, to my knowledge,
been described. Audubon undoubtedly erred in attributing the nest described
by him to this species. That presented by me to the Collection of the Academy is
formed by interlacing and sewing together, with a few blades of grass, the pen¬
dant lichen (Usnea barbata) which grew'upon a dead horizontal branch of an
oak, fifty or sixty feet from the ground. A hole, just large enough for the bird to
enter, is left in the angle immediately under the branch, which forms a complete
roof for the nest ; it is finished with a slight lining of hair. The whole forms a
beautiful basket of moss, which is so admirably adapted to the purpose intended,
so effectually concealed, so light and airy, that it would be almost impossible
to suggest an improvement, and is certainly one of the most interesting speci¬
mens of ornithological architecture. The eggs, four or five in number, are white,
with a band of light brown spots near the greater end ; they measure 5 by 7 j
lines in diameter. The young leave the nest about the first week in July.

Sylvicola canadensis, Linn.

Abundant from the 5th to 25th of May, and again from the 1st to 20th of
October.

Sylvicola Formosa, Bonap.

Rare. Shot one near Racine, May 10, 1851.

•Sylvicola ccerdlea, Wilson.

Not common. A few nest with us.

Sylvicola maritima, Wilson.

By no means a rare bird during the month of May. It frequents the vicinity
of streams and swamps that abound with tall willows, in the tops of which this
interesting warbler is commonly seen flitting about, busily searching for insects
and their larvae. It is probable that a few nest in this vicinity.

•Trichas marylandica, Wilson .

Common.

48

312

[March,

Trichas agilis, Wilson.

Not uncommon. I shot a pair on the 29th of May ; they had mated, and were
about to nest.

Trichas Philadelphia, Wilson.

Rarely seen. Shot one May 10, 18.51.

’Vermivora pennsylvanica, Swain.

A few nest in this section. Rare.

Vermivora chrysoptera, Linn.

Not uncommon for a few days in May. Go north.

Vermivora rubricapilla,' Wilson.

Common for two weeks in May on their passage north : they return in Octo¬
ber, at which time the male is without the chestnut crown.

’"Vermivora celata, Say.

Not an uncommon species. Frequent the most secluded swamps, where they
nest.

Vermivora peregrina, Wilson.

Some seasons, about the middle of May, this plain bird is met with in great
abundance v This was particularly the case May 14, 15 and 16, 1849, when I
could have procured any desired number ; they literally thronged on the tops of
the bush oaks in an adjoining grove. For the last two years I have not pro¬
cured a single specimen.

’Mniotilta varia, Vieill.

Common.

Mniotilta borealis, Nutt.?

I have met with specimens that answered to NuttalPs description, yet I am
inclined to consider it a variety of the preceding.

In order to give some idea of the abundance and great variety of the warblers
which visit us, I append a list shot in the forenoon of May 5th, 1852, by Rev.
A. C. Barry and myself:

6 Sylvicola americana,

1 “ pinus,

1 <c striata,

5 “ icterocephala,

4 <c virens,

6 “ Blackburnia,

5 <e maculosa,

1 <e coronata,

All, except three, males in unusually
arrived.

We could thave obtained many n
desirable.

1 Sylvicola aestiva,

4 £e canadensis,

1 <f petechia,

4 “ maritima,

1 Setophagia canadensis,

2 Vermivora rubricapilla,

2 Trichas marylandica,

3 Mniotilta varia,

47.

e plumage, the females not having yet
e of most of the species, had it been

’Troglodytes aidon, Vieill.

Common. First appearance 15th of April.

♦Troglodytes hyemalis, Vieill.

Common. Nest in abundance on the shores of Lake Superior.

’Troglodytes brevirostris, Nutt.

A few nest in the vicinity of Racine. Not abundant.

’Troglodytes palustris, Wilson.

Abundant on all our reedy flats.

1853.]

313

Troglodytes ludovicianus, Bonap.

I met a single wren of this species, July 5th, 1852. Undoubtedly nests
sparingly in the southern part of the State. Rare.

Regulus calendula, Linn.

Abundant spring and fall.

Regulus satrapa, Lichst.

Abundant. Arrives 1st of April, and remains until May 10th.

Sialia Wilson ii, Swains.

The first arrival of this harbinger of spring at Racine, was —

In 1846,

. March 25th.

“ 1847,

iC

20th.

« 1848,

(C

17th.

“ 1849,

(C

11th.

« 1850,

iC

21st.

“ 1851,

u

15th.

“ 1852,

cc

12 th.

^(To be continued.)

The Committee on Dr. Heermann’s “ Catalogue of the Oological
Collection in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,”
reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings. See end of

this number.)

The Committee on Lieut. Maury’s communication, containing his
observations on atmospheric pressure, reported as follows :

Lieut. M. F. Maury, through Dr. Le Conte, the Corresponding Secretary,
presented an engraved diagram, representing a “ vertical section of the basin
of the Atlantic,’’ about the parallels of 39° and 40° north latitude, the data for
which drawing are furnished by the deep sea soundings, taken by officers of the
U. S. Navy, in obedience to an order Jrom the Navy Department. Lieut.
Maury says, t( These data are not very abundant, but such as they are they
give a proximate idea as to the submarine depression.”

The diagram exhibits a striking contrast between the profile of the earth’s
crust above and below the sea level.

The same plate represents a vertical section across the continent of South
America from Lima, on the Pacific, to the mouth of the Amazon under the
equator, on the Atlantic.

The object of this part of the engraving is to illustrate certain anomalies in
the pressure of the atmosphere, as inferred from the experiments of Lieut.
Herndon, U. S. Navy, on the boiling point of water, during his recent journey
across that section of the continent. The following extract from a table
shows the boiling points at several places on the route, and their eleva¬
tions above the sea respectively :

314

[March,

Heights of Places determined by Lieut. Herndon, U. S. N.

Names of Places.

Distance in
Statute Miles
from Lima.

Boiling

Point.

Heights above
the level
of the sea.

Brought forward

352

La Cueva .

20

206-5

2595

feet.

Lingo Maria

10

207-8

1923

Land Travel

382

Focache

174

209.1

1253

tt

Sion ....

58

209-7

944

tt

Lupuna . . ,

58

210-

791

te

Chasuta

87

210-5

585

«

Santa Cruz

220

211-2

177

te

Nanta

353

211-3

126

tt

Petras

197

211-1

228

te

Egas (904)

707

208-2

1715

te

River Bank

131

208-4

1611

tt

a

60

208-5

1560

eg

«

168

208-6

1507

te

iC

50

208-8

1406

te

Barra ...

14

209.3

1150

«c

Mouth of the Maderia

104

209-8

893

te

Villa Nova

209

210-3

638

tt

Santarem .

220

210-5

535

te

Para ....

759

211-5

25

tt

Sea . •

93

Direct water travel . .

•

3652

A dotted line on the diagram represents Lieut. Herndon’s track above the
level of the sea, according to the above experiments. “ By this track it will be
perceived,” says Lieut. Maury, “that after ascending the Andes, and coming
down the Amazon to a considerable distance, he ascended or went up hill. Now
wre kr.ow that this wras not the case, because he was all the time drifting down
the stream in a canoe. To reconcile this apparent paradox between the inclina¬
tion of this slope of the continent, as shown on the one hand by the running
water of the rivers, and on the other by the pressure of tbe air, it is necessary
to suppose, that when be boiled his water at the eastern base of the Andes, he
was in fact under a bank of atmosphere, and that the pressure under this bank
■was so great as to force the boiling point up very nearly to the sea level.

“ Let us now proceed to account as best we may, for this bank, or increased
atmospheric pressure.

“ These experiments were made in south latitude, and in the trade wind region
of that hemisphere. These winds strike nearly perpendicularly against the
Andes, the tops of which range extend in many places nearly, if not quite as
high, as do the trade winds themselves. Now, then, what is the effect of such
an obstruction as the Andes afford to the passage of the southeast trade winds!
If we may judge by the effect of similar obstructions to running water, we have
no hesitation in saying that the effect is to bank up.

“ Pot Rock and other obstructions to the rapid current of Hurlgate — taking
small things to represent great — may serve us with an illustration that will
assist me in making myself clear. Any one who witnessed the water running
over that rock, could not fail to be struck with the fact, and the extent to which
the water was piled up, not over the rock, but up stream from it ; not only was

1853.]

315

there this banking up of the water before it reached the rock, but there was
also a depression above — that is, up stream from this bank of water on the one
hand, and below or down stream from the rock on the other.

“ In like manner it appears to me, that Herndon’s observations have revealed
the fact that there is, at times at least, in the intertropical atmosphere of South
America, an air-cast mould of the Andes.

“ It is remarkable how clearly these observations indicate a piling up of the
atmosphere to the windward of the Andes, and a depression in the general at¬
mospherical level to the windward again of this air bank. If this conjecture
afford the real explanation of the phenomena, we should look on the lea side of
the Andes for a low barometer, or a depression in the atmosphere, corresponding
to the hollow in the water below Pot Rock.

“The mean height of the Bar in Lima, as far as I have been able to ascertain
it, indicates that such a depression is felt there.

“If subsequent observations should confirm these indications and establish them
as realities, we should then be put in possession of important physical facts.
We should be led to infer that the height of mountains, and of mountain slopes
above the sea level, as determined by the barometer, would depend somewhat
upon which way the wind blows, and the only safe rule of admeasurement in such
cases, would be to establish a standard barometer at the foot of the mountains,
both in the windward and the lea side.

“ Another of the physical facts besides that of establishing the direction of the
wind, as a function in barometric determination is, that if this increased pressure
of the atmosphere at the eastern foot of the Andes be caused by the obstruction
which that range of mountains affords to the passage of the trade winds, then do
those mountains in the trade wind region become a natural anamometer, which
will give us in terms of the barometer an expression for the whole amount of
force employed in giving motion and velocity to the trade winds of the earth.”

ELECTION.

J. Dickinson Logan, M. D., and Mr.Trederick Schafhirt, of Philadel¬
phia, and Mr. P. W. Sheafer, of Pottsville, were elected Members of
the Academy, and

Dr. H. Schaum, of Berlin, Dr. G. Hartlaub, of Bremen, and Prof. A.
Wagner, of Munich, were elected Correspondents.

April 12th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A communication was read from the Historical Society of Pennsyl¬
vania, dated March 17th, 1853, acknowledging the receipt of the last
number of the Journal, and of a collection of Indian antiquities pre¬
sented by the Academy.

Mr. Conrad presented a paper for publication in the Journal, describ¬
ing new species of Unio; which was referred to Dr. Ruschenberger,
Dr Wilson and Dr. Zantzinger.

A second paper from Mr. Conrad was also presented, intended for
publication in the Proceedings, entitled, “ Monograph of the genus
FulgurV Referred to same Committee.

316

[April,

April 19 th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the New York Lyceum of
Natural History, dated April 12th, 1853‘, acknowledging the receipt of
the Proceedings of the Academy, vol. 6, No. 7.

Dr. Wetherill exhibited an improved apparatus for the analysis of the
Carbonates, on the plan of W ills.

Dr. Meigs, referring to his former communication to the Academy upon the
structure of the uterus of the Porpoise, remarked that since that time, until
recently, he had been unable to obtain a second specimen. On last Saturday
he received from Capt. Bennett, of the steamer Osprey, a fine specimen, about
six feet long, of Delphinus delphis, which he had dissected. The uterus, in
this specimen, was not, as in the former, gravid ; the cervix was more fusiform,
but still the peculiar double arrangement, noticed in the first specimen, was well
marked. Dr. Meigs remarked that it was an interesting question, whether the
cervix uteri of all plunging animals is similarly formed, and referred to the
suggestion in his former paper, of the use of the double cervix in resisting the
pressure of the sea at great depths, which pressure upon the body and fundus
would tend to produce abortion.

April 2 Qth.

Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair.

The Committee on Mr. Conrad’s paper, describing new species of
Unio, reported in favor of publication in the Journal.

The Committee on Mr. Conrad’s “ Monograph of the genus Fulgur,”
reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Monograph of the genus Fulgur .

By T. A. Conrad.

FULGUR Montfort ;

Pyrula Lam.

Shell pyriform ; spire short ; varices none ; body whorl very large ; aperture
large, oval, extended towards the base into an elongate-conic, open canal, entire
at base : umbilicus none ; epidermis deciduous ; labium concave, with a single
fold or oblique groove near the origin of the canal, and a slight calcareous depo¬
sition above ; labrum simple, many of the species having elevated striae which
do not revolve far within the shell, nor do they reach the edge of the labrum,
but leave a smooth border ; operculum horny.

Remarks. — The striae on the interior of the labrum are given by Say and
Montfort in the generic character of Fulgur ; but Say does not allude to them in
his description cd F. pyruloides , which, I believe, never has them. This is the
case with a few other species, agreeing in every other respect, generically, with
the undoubted species.

This genus is usually confounded with Melongena, Rapana and others, but
the group is very distinct, and the animal widely different from its congeners,
though it does not appear to have been figured or described. Living specimens
are abundant on the coast of New Jersey, and could easily be obtained, whilst
an anatomical description of the animal is still a desideratum. The manner in
which the young are excluded in spiral series of cells, was noticed and figured
by Lister. This peculiarity is common to F. canaliculatiim and F. perversum ,
and is doubtless persistent throughout the group.

1853.]

317

The earliest fossil that I can recognize among American species is Fulgur
trabeatum , Con., from the Older Eocene of Alabama. The Lower Tertiary
species are comparatively small, whilst in the Miocene and later deposits they
are far larger and more numerous, and very characteristic of those Tertiary
divisions.

Fossil Species.

Eocene.

1. Fulgur trabeatum. Subfusiform, thin, ventricose, with elevated re¬
volving striae at base and more obscure ones above ; body whorl, with two dis¬
tinct series of compressed tubercles : the humoral series continued on the spire;
whorls angular; beak produced, slightly sinuous; aperture patulous.

Fusus trabevtus, Con. Foss. Shells of Tert. Form, 2d ed. p. 53, t. 18, fig. 1.
August, 1833. 1st ed. p. 29, No 3.

F.bicarinatus, Lea. Cont. p. 146, pi. v., fig. 147. Oct., 1833.

Locality. — Claiborne. Ala. Older Eocene.

2. F. SPINIGERUM.

Fusus spiniger , Con. Proceed. A. N. S. 1847, Journ. A. N. S. vol. 1, 2d
series, p. 117, pi. xi., fig. 32.

Locality. — Vicksburg, Miss. Newer Eocene.

3. F. nodulatum. Pyriform, thick, with strong rugose, revolving lines, with
a very fine intermediate line between most of the large striae ; on the inferior
part of the body whorl is a space without lines, below’ which the w’horl has a
slightly concave slope towards the beak ; angle tuberculated, the series con¬
tinued on the spire near the suture ; in some specimens the tubercles margin
both sides of the suture ; spire short ; sides of volutions concave ; labrum with
rather distant, prominent, acute lines within ; beak straight.

F. nodulatum , Con. Journ. A. N, S., vol. 1, 2d series, p. 207 and vol. ii.
p. 41, pi. 1, fig. 6, 7.

Locality. — Vicksburg, Miss. Newrer Eocene.

Miocene.

4. F. coronatum. Fusiform, ventricose, with fine, closely-arranged, revolv¬
ing, wrinkled lines ; spire short ; whorls flattened above, and having elevated,
compressed tubercles or short spires on the angle, which is somew’hat carinated;
suture channelled and margined by an obtuse carinated line.

F. coronatus, Con. Miocene Shells, cover of No. 2, 1839.

F. canaliculatus , Lyell (not Lin.) Manual, p. 172, fig. 151.

Locality. — St. Mary’s Co., Maryland.

This fine species is very distinct from the recent canaliculatum , being’less ven¬
tricose and having prominent tubercles in all stages of growth. It is abundant.
The largest specimen measures six inches in length.

5. F. canaliculatum. This recent species has been found in a fossil state,
but is rare. It agrees perfectly in form and character wdth the living shell.

Localities. — St. Mary’s river, Md. Natural Well, Duplin Co., N. C."

6. F. rugosum. Pyriform, with numerous, rather coarse revolving lines, dis¬
posed to alternate in size, and very distinct lines of grow’th ; whorls scalariform,
w’ith a tuberculated carina, the margin of which presents a waved outline, the
tubercles being obtuse ; spire prominent, profoundly channelled at the suture ;
margin of the channel carinated in young shells. Length 3 inches.

F. rugosus , Con. Proceed. A. N. S. vol. 1, p. 307.

Compared with F. coronatum , this species, when adult, is comparatively
shorter and more inflated, w’ith a shorter spire, much coarser revolving lines,
which, with the more numerous, more obtuse tubercles, give the shell a very
different appearance from F. coronatum.

Locality. — St. Mary’s river, Maryland.

7. F. tuberculatum. Fusiform, w’ith revolving striae ; spire elevated; angle
of the w’horl carinated and crow’ned with prominent tubercles ; body whorl ven¬
tricose.

318

[April,

F. tuber culatus , Con. Miocene Shells, cover of No. 2, 1839.

Locality. — Patuxent river, St. Mary’s Co. Maryland.

Allied to F. fusiformis, but is more ventricose, proportionally shorter. It
may readily be distinguished by the carina of the volutions, which is very
strongly marked towards the apex.

8. Fulgur carica. ( Pyrula carica Lam.)

Locality . — North Carolina. Prof. E. Mitchell.

A large specimen of the variety with short spines, is in the collection of the
Academy of Natural Sciences.

9. F. fusiforme. Fusiform, with revolving striae; obsolete, except on the
inferior half of the body whorl, where they are prominent, wrinkled and alter¬
nated in size ; spire elevated ; whorls with obtuse little prominent tubercles on
the angle which is situated near the suture and is obtuse.

F. fusiformis, Con. Miocene Shells, cover of No. 2, 1839.

Locality. — Patuxent river, St. Mary’s Co., Maryland.

10. F. maximum. Pyriform, ventricose, moderately thick, with coarse distant
subimbricated lines of growth ; spire short, with revolving striae; whorls con¬
cave above, rounded inferiorly ; beak long and sinuous; columella very concave;
aperture patulous. Length 7i inches.

F. maximus , Con., Miocene Shells, cover of No. 2, 1839.

Locality. Yorktown, Virginia.

There is a variety of this shell thick and ponderous ; angle of penultimate and
body whorls with short distant arched or foliated spines, each of which is con¬
nected with a longitudinal line or fold ; lines most prominent towards the base
where the beak is somewhat tumid.

This is the largest fossil species known to me, and resembles F.'aruanum , but
the rounded volutions of the spire is a striking point of difference.

11. F. incile. Fusiform, with distant coarse, prominent and fine impressed
revolving lines ; body whorl profoundly ventricose, shoulder rounded, summit
with a broad concave furrow margined by a profound carinated line, between
which and the suture is a wide profound channel; spire conical, elevated, whorls
ventricose; aperture dilated. Length 61 inches.

F.iiicilis , Con., Sillim. Journ. vol. xxiii. p. 343.

Locality. Yorktown, Virginia.

This large species distantly resembles F. canaliculatum. It is much thicker
and more ponderous, with a more elevated spire, and with rounded volutions
destitute of tubercles.

12. F. contrarium. Pyriform, sinistral, with wrinkled revolving lines, obso¬
lete on the middle of the large whorl; shoulder obtusely angulated, without
tubercles; summit of the whorls concave; whorls of the spire angulated in the
middle, and slightly tuberculated on the angle ; beak very long, sinuous ; labrum
with distant prominent lines within.

F. contrarias , Con., Silliman’s Journ. vol. xxxix. p. 387.

Locality. Natural Well, Duplin Co., N. C.

A much smaller species than F. perversnm, differing in its want of tubercles
on the shoulder when adult, (for young shells have small tubercles, not com¬
pressed as in the kindred species.) The shell is proportionally thicker, the
columella more concave and„the angle more prominent.

13. F. excavatum. Pyriform, with revolving lines, very prominent on the
inferior half of the large whorl; shoulder with a wide concave depression;
spire widely and profoundly channelled, the whorls bicarinated and slightly
tuberculated on the carinae.

F. excavatus , Con., Sillim. Journ. xxxix. p. 387.

Locality. Natural Well, Duplin Co. N. C.

14. F. Oregonense. Fusiform with unequal prominent revolving lines, a few
of which are considerably larger than the others, on the upper portion of the
body whorl : they are also coarser towards the base, and attenuated in size ;

1853.]

319

shoulder with a series of tubercles ; one of the larger lines on the body whorl
somewhat tuberculated ; a prominent line margins the suture ; spire conical, the
volutions reticulated and tuberculated.

Fusus Oregonensis , Con., Sillim. Journ. vol. v. p. 433, fig. 13.

Locality. Columbia river, near Astoria, Oregon. J. K. Townsend.

Recent Species.

F. carica, (Murex carica, Gmel.)

Lister, Conch, t. 880.

Martini, iii. t. 67, fig. 744, and t. 69, fig. 756, 757.

Pyrula carica , Lam. Desh. ed. An. sans Vert. ix. p. 505.

Pyrula aruana , Reeve, (not Linn.) Conch. Icon. pi. 5, fig. 16.

This species inhabits the Atlantic coast from Georgia to Massachusetts.
Reeve, when he published his monograph of Pyrula, in 1847, was unacquainted
with the habitat of this common and long known shell. There is a distinct
variety of this species on the southern coast, with much shorter and thinner
spines, and it is also longer and thinner than the typical form.

F. Canaliculatum. ( Pyrula , Lam.)

Buccinum ampullaceum , Lister, Conch, t. 878, fig. 2.

Murex canaliculatus , Linn. Martini, iii. p. 29, t. 67, fig. 742, 743-

Pyrula canaliculata , Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 8, fig. 26.

Inhabits the coasts of New Jersey, Rhode Island and Massachusetts.

F. perversum. {Murex, Linn.)

Buccinum ampullaceis ad sinistram convolutis , Lister, Conch., t. 907, 908.

Chemnitz, ix. part 1, p. 67, t. 106, fig. 900 to 903.

Pyrula perversa, Lam. Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 3, fig. 13.

Inhabits the southern coast. In Tampa Bay, Florida, it is abundant, and
living specimens may be obtained 12 inches in length.

F. pyrum. {Bulla pyrurn, Dillwyn, 1817.)

Buccinis ampullaceis tenuibus , Lister, Conch, t. 877.

Martini, iii. p. 27, t. 66, fig. 736, 737.

Bulla ficus , var. b. Gmel. Dillwyn’s Catalogue, p. 485.

Pyrula spirata , Lam., 1822, An. sans Yert. vii. p. 142.

F ulgur pyruloides. Say, 1822, Amer. Conch, pi. 19.

Pyrula spirata , Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 8, fig. 27.

Common on the southern coast of Florida.

F. candelabrum. {Pyrula, Lam.)

Kiener, pi. 8, fig. 2.

Kiener and Reeve suggest that this shell is a variety of F ulgur perver sum. It
does not appear that more than one specimen has been discovered.

F. gibbosum. Pyriform, ventricose, thick, armed with broad prominent
foliated thick spines; shoulder carinated ; spire short, the four upper whorls
tuberculated on the upper margin of the suture ; ^olumella sinuous ; middle of
the beak profoundly tumid, on which elevation are robust alternated wrinkled
striae; labrum channelled below, corresponding to the external hump; margin of
labrum very sinuous towards the base, the interior with slightly raised lines,
and of a yellowish orange color ; color white, with long purplish lines and a
broad indistinct revolving white band on the body whorl.

Pyrula perversa , var. Kiener, pi. 9, fig. 2.

The revolving lines are obsolete on the upper part of the body whorl, and
there are revolving wrinkled slightly raised lines on the spire.

A specimen of this species is in the collection of the Academy, and Kieners
figure has a close resemblance to it. It is not known to inhabit the coast of the
United States, and is probably from Campeachy Bay.

This shell is not a variety of F. perversum , as Kiener supposes, but if not a
distinct species, must be a sinistral variety of F. carica. That shell, however,
is common on the coast of the United States, but a sinistral specimen is there
unknown.

49

320

[April,

Notes on Shells.

By T. A. Conrad.

Dreissena, Van Beneden.

There is but one species of this genus known to inhabit the waters of North
America. It is a small shtll, very abundant in Virginia, attached by its
byssus to the Ostrea virginiana. I described it in the Journal of the Academy
of Natural Sciences, vol. vi. p. 263, pi. 11, fig. 13, under the name of Mytilus
leucophceatus.

Artemis, Poli.

There are three species of this genus on the Atlantic coast of the United
States, one of which occurs fossil in the Miocene of Virginia, (A. concentrica.)
As they do not appear to be correctly named in Reeve’s monograph, the follow¬
ing corrections are submitted:

1. A. CONCENTRICA.

A. acetabulum , Con.} Miocene Shells, p. 29, pi. 16, fig. 1.

Gualt. t. 76, fig. F.

Favanne, t. 48, fig. 3.

Venus concentrica , Born. t. 5, fig. 5.

Inhabits the coast of Florida.

2. A. elegans ,'Con., Miocene Shells, p. 67, pi. 38, fig. 1.

Encyc. Method, t. 279, fig. 2.

Lister, t. 288.

Chemn. vii. pi. 37, fig. 392.

A. concentrica , Reeve, (not Born) Conch. Icon. pi. 11, fig. 8.

Inhabits the southern coast of Florida. Common in Tampa Bay. Fossil in
Post-Pliocene on the Neuse river, North Carolina.

3. A. discos, Reeve, Conch. Icon. pi. 11, fig. 9.

Cytherea concentrica , Chenu, (not Born,) pi. 10, fig. 5.

Inhabits the coasts of the Middle and Southern States. It has been found as
far north as Cape May, and is commoi} in Tampa Bay, Florida.

Fossil Species.

A. LENTICULARIS.

Cytherea lenticvlaris , Rodgers, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., 2d series, vi., p.
372, pi. 28, fig. 1.

Locality. Eastern Virginia, in the Eocene.

A. EXCAVATA.

Cytherea excavata , Morton, Cretaceous Group of the United States, p. 67,
pi. 5, fig. 1.

Locality. Arneytown, N. J., in cretaceous green sand.

ACANTHINA, Fischer.

Monoceros, Lam.

This genus, very nearly connected with Purpura , does not abound in species
either recent or fossil. It makes its first appearance in the Eocene, and I have
not met with it anywhere in this country, except in the older Eocene of Ala¬
bama. Three species referred to Buccinum by Deshayes in his Coq. Foss,
viz. obtusum , semicostatum and patulum , must either be arranged in the present
genus or in Sowerby’s genus Gastridium , which does not materially differ from
Acanthina , the only variation consisting in its small or obsolete tooth. In the
Claiborne species the tooth, though small, is never obsolete in perfect spe¬
cimens.

Sub-Genus Gastridium, Sowerby.

A. vetusta, Con.

Monoceros vetustrtsy Con., Foss. Shells, p. 37, pi. 15, fig. 3.

M. pyruloides, Lea, Contributions, p. 161, pi. 5, fig. 166.

M. fusiformisy ib. ib. p. 162, pi. 5, fig. 167.

1853.]

321

CoRNULINA, Con .

Shell short-fusiform, spinous ; columella rounded; labrum with three teeth>
two of them very small.

This genus embraces three Eocene species, which differ from Monoceros in
having a rounded columella and three teeth on the labrum.

1. C. MINAX.

Murex minax , Brander, Desh. Coq. Foss. pi. 77, fig. 1, 2.

2. C. ARAIIGERA, Co7l .

Short-fusiform, ventricose, ponderous, with two remote series of distant,
prominent thick spines, the one on the shoulder, the other below, commencing
near the columella and rather below the middle of the large volution ; base
carinated ; labrum with a short conical tooth and two small teeth situated
below it.

Monoceros armigerus , Con., Foss. 'Shells of Tert. Form. p. 37, pi. 15, fig. 1,
Oct. 1833 ; Bronn. Index Pal. p. 471.

Melongena armigera , Con., Foss. Shells, 1st ed. Aug. 1833.

Fusus Taitii, Lea, Cont. to Geol. p. 152, pi. 5, fig. 159, Dec. 1833.

Locality. Claiborne, Alabama. Not uncommon.

The labrum of this shell is generally broken, but when entire, it shows two
very small teeth in addition to the one situated at the termination of the re¬
volving groove.

3. C. CRASSICORNUTA, Con:

Melongena crassicornuta, Con., Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d series, pi. 11, fig. 31.
The labrum of the only specimen found is broken, but the shell so nearly
resembles C. minax , that it is confidently arranged in the same genus.

On motion of Dr. Elvvyn, it was Resolved , that the Secretary be
directed to call a special meeting of the Academy, on Tuesday evening
next, for the purpose of considering the expediency of erecting a new
Hall.

Mr. Vaux presented the following Report :

The Committee appointed to procure funds for the purchase of the
Anatomical collection belonging to the estate of the late Dr. Samuel
George Morton, and now in the Museum of the Academy, report that
they have procured the sum of $4000, which is the price agreed for,,
and they at the same time submit the following list of names, being
those of gentlemen, to whose liberality the Academy is indebted for the
advantage of possessing the collection in question in its own right.

(Signed) Wm. S. Vaux,

Charles D. Meigs,

John Cooke.

Subscribers to Dr. Morton’s Anatomical Collection.

Charles Henry Fisher, Thomas Biddle, Henry J. Williams, Charles
D. Meigs, Thomas T. Lea, John Farnum, John A. Brown, William
Welsh, Richard Price, Morris L. Hallowell, Joseph D. Brown, William
Platt, Joseph Swift, Singleton A. Mercer, A. J. Lewis, George W.
Carpenter, George B. Wood, J. Francis Fisher, David S. Brown, John
B. Meyers, Lewis R. Ashhurst, Caleb Cope, Richard D. Wood, Samuel
V. Merrick, James Dundas, J. Pemberton Hutchinson, Henry Pepper,
John Cooke, John Lambert, Robert Pearsall, Joseph S. Lovering,

S22

[April,

J. G. Fell, Caspar W. Pennock, John Grigg, Joseph Jeanes, Thomas
P. Remington, John Price Wetherill, Henry Seybert, (each of the
above $100.) Thomas MeEwen, Robert Swift, Jacob G. Morris,
Wm. S. Vaux, (each $50.)

On motion, the Committee was authorized to receive the amount sub¬
scribed, and to consummate the purchase.

ELECTION.

Prof. John C. Cresson, Wm. Byrd Page, M. D., Edmund Lang,
M. D., Wm. Hembel Taggart, M. D., all of Philadelphia, and Dr.
Charles C. Benton, of Antwerp, N. Y., were elected Members of the
Academy.

1853.]

323

May 3<7, 1853.

Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair.

Letters were read —

From H. W. Ravenel, dated Aiken, S. C., April 18, 1853, trans¬
mitting a copy of his recent work entitled “ Fungi Exsiccati Caro-
liniani," aunounc jd this evening.

From the American Philosophical Society, dated April 20, 1853 ; from
the Secretary of the Trustees of the New York State Library, dated
Albany, April 4th, 1853 ; from the Smithsonian Institution; and from
the Royal Academy of Sciences of Vienna, dated 7th Oct., 1852, seve¬
rally acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings.

From the Secretary of the Royal Imperial Geological Institution at
Vienna, dated 2d Jan., 1853, transmitting the” volumes of its Trans¬
actions announced this evening.

From Mr. P. W. Sheafer, dated Pottsville, Pa., April 21, 1853, and
from Prof. John C. Crosson, dated April 28, 1853, severally acknow¬
ledging the receipt of their notices of election as Members of the Aca¬
demy.

Dr. Wetherill gave a verbal statement of the results of an analysis,
by himself, of Fusel Oil, from Indian Corn. He had found, among its
other constituents, Caprylic acid.

Immediately upon the adjournment of the above meeting, a Special
Meeting of the Society was held, in pursuance of a Resolution adopted
April 26, 1853.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The object of the meeting being to consider the expediency of erect¬
ing a new Hall, a discussion took place among the Members, which
resulted in the unanimous adoption of the following resolution, offered
by Dr. Rand :

Resolved. That it is inexpedient for the Academy to take any steps
towards changing its location at the present time.

Also Resolved , That the Building Committee be requested to obtain
the professional opinion of the Counsel of the Academy upon the pro¬
posed plan for the enlargement of the Hall.

May 10th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Dr. Le Conte presented the following papers for publication in the
Proceedings: 1, “Synopsis of the Meloides of the United States/'
2, “ Synopsis of the Endomychidse of the United States;" and 3, “ Sy¬
nopsis of the Atopidae, Ilhipiceridae and Cyphonidae of the United
States," all of which were referred to the following Committee : Prof.
Ilaldeman, Dr. Ruschenberger and Dr. Zantzinger.

Dr. Ruschenberger stated that he had received a letter from Lieut.

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VI., NO. IX. 51

i

S24

[May,

Maury, enclosing one from Signor Juan Espinoza, dated Lima, 10th
March, 185B, addressed to J. Randolph Clay, Esq., TJ. S. Charge at
Lima, containing some observations on Aerolites and Earthquakes.

Sig. Espinoza stated that he had, on several occasions, observed the
phenomenon of the detachment of the armature of a suspended magnet
just before an earthquake.

The following resolutions were unanimously adopted :

Resolved , That the thanks of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia be presented to Charles Henry Fisher, Esq., and Thomas
Riddle, Esq., for the valuable aid rendered by them to the Committee
appointed by the Society to obtain subscriptions for the purchase of the
Anatomical Collection of the late Dr. Samuel George Morton.

Resolved , That the thanks of the Society be presented to Mr. Wm.
S. Yaux, Dr. Charles D. Meigs and Mr. John Cooke, Committee ap¬
pointed to procure the subscription for the purchase of Dr. Morton’s
Anatomical Collection.

May 24th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Royal Academy of Sciences of Brussels,
dated 16th June, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of the Journal of the
Academy, vol. 2, part 2, new series.

Also a letter from the Academy of Sciences of Wurtemburg, dated
Stuttgart, March 8th, 1853, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceed¬
ings for 1850 and 1851, and Nos. 1 and 2 of vol. 6th.

On motion of Dr. Leidy, it was

Resolved , That the Secretary be instructed to invite the Conventions,
General Assemblies and other respectable Bodies, nowin session in this
city, to visit the Museum on specified afternoons.

May 31 st.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Prof. Alphonse De Candolle, of Geneva, was elected a Correspondent ,
and the following were elected Members of the Academy :

Messrs. Frederick Graff, Edmund Draper, Wm. G. E. Agnew, Dr. E.
B. Gardette, Messrs. Chas. Henry Fisher, Thomas T. Lea, Thos. Biddle,
John Farnum, John A. Brown, William Welsh, J. Francis Fisher,
David S. Brown, Lewis R. Ashhurst, John B. Meyers, Richard D. Wood,
Samuel V. Merrick, Henry Pepper, J. Pemberton Hutchinson, Richard
Price, Morris L. Hallowed, Joseph D. Brown, William Platt, Joseph
Swift, Singleton A. Mercer, A. J. Lewis, John Grigg, Joseph Jeanes,
and Thomas P. Remington, all of Philadelphia.

1853.]

325

June 7 th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read —

From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Naples, dated 25th August,
1852, accompanying donations of its Transactions, &c., announced this
evening.

From Sig. Achille Costa, dated Naples, 20th Nov., 1852, trans¬
mitting the copies of his works announced this evening.

A paper by Prof. Haldeman, describing new species of Insects, with
observations on described species, was presented, and referred to the
following Committee : Dr. Le Conte, Dr. Leidy and Dr. Ruschen-
berger.

A paper was also presented from Mr. Chas. Girard, of Washington,
entitled 4< Descriptions of new Nemerteans and Planarians from the
Coast of the Carolinas.” Referred to the same Committee,

Mr. Cassin presented a continuation of Dr. P. R. Hoy’s paper on the
Ornithology of Wisconsin, which was referred to the Committee on the
previous portions of the paper.

June 14 th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read —

From Dr. G. Hartlaub, dated Bremen, 14th May, 1853, acknow¬
ledging the receipt of his notice of election as a Correspondent.

From J. W. Dawson, Esq., of Pictou, Nova Scotia, dated April 23d,
1853, accompanying the specimens of coal fossils from that country,
presented this evening.

From the Corresponding Secretary of the American Academy of Arts
and Sciences, dated Boston, June 7th, 1853, transmitting part 1, vol. 5,
of the Memoirs of that Institution, and requesting certain Nos. of the
Proceedings of this Society.

From Dr. T. R. Beck, Secretary of the Trustees of the New York
State Library, dated Albany, June 9th, 1853, acknowledging the receipt
of the last No. of the Proceedings.

Dr. Leidy read an interesting letter from Mr. Isaac Lea, dated Vienna,
May, 1853, and enclosing a communication, designed for publication
in the Proceedings, entitled, “ Notice of the Mya nodulosa, Wood, by
Isaac Lea.” The latter was referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Pickering and
Major Le Conte.

June 21st.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read —

From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Brussels, dated 16th June,
1852, acknowledging the receipt of the Journal, part 2, vol. 2, new
series.

326

[June,

From the Wurtemberg Society of Natural Sciences, dated March 8th,
1853, acknowledging the receipt of late Nos. of the Proceedings.

From the American Philosophical Society, dated June 21, 1853, also
acknowledging the receipt of the last No. of the Proceedings.

A paper was presented from Prof. Baird and Mr. Chas. Girard,
intended for publication in the Proceedings, entitled “ Descriptions of
some new Fishes from the River Zuni.” Referred to Mr. Cassin, Dr.
Henderson and Dr. Le Conte.

Mr. Cassin presented a “ Catalogue of the Hirundinidae in the Col¬
lection of the Academy of Natural Sciences/’ intended for publication,
which was referred to Dr. Wilson, Dr. Le Conte and Mr. Phillips.

Mr. Cassin presented a second paper for publication in the Proceed¬
ings, describing new species of Swallows and Parrots in the Collection
of the Academy. Referred to same Committee.

Major Le Conte exhibited a single valve of Dipsas plicatus, in which
the shell had been opened, and small images of lead inserted, which the
animal had covered with nacre, forming artificial pearls.

Dr. Le Conte made some remarks on the specimens of Scalops in the Col¬
lection of the Academy, and pointed out the want of uniformity in the generic
characters separating that genus from Talpa.

In many of our species the number of teeth is the same as in Talpa europaea,
the only differences being in the size of the first and fourth teeth ; the latter of
which is much elongated in the European mole, while in ours it is either of the
same size or scarcely perceptibly larger than the adjacent teeth.

In Scalops aquaticus alone does the dentition show any decided modification ;
the teeth are here only 36 in number ; their form and situation are already well
known, and are described in all systematic works ; the anterior upper tooth
is enlarged, as in the other American moles, hut to a still greater extent.
The hind feet are also webbed, almost to the root of the nail, while in the others
the toes are separated as in Talpa.

The form of the snout is also mentioned among the generic differences. In
Talpa the snout is broad and depressed and the nostrils are terminal. In Scalops
aquaticus, the snout is moderately depressed and the nostrils superior. In S.
Townsendii and aeneus, the snout is much elongated, slender, and the nostrils are
superior. In S. Breweri, the snout has the same slender form as in the two last
mentioned, but the nostrils are entirely lateral.

In view of the unsatisfactory nature of these differences, Dr. Le Conte be¬
lieves that it is better to suppress the genus Scalops, and place all the species
under Talpa, than still farther to subdivide the group into genera. Talpa may
then be divided into three groups :

1. Dentes 44, 4to superiore et 5to inferioribus maiore; rostrum latum depres-
sum, naribus terminalibus ; pedes postici non palmati.

To this group belong Talpa europaea and T. cceca, both European; and dif¬
fering in the size of the incisor teeth, the middle of which are larger than the
lateral ones in T. cceca, while all are equal in T. europaea.

There is in the Academy a specimen labelled “ Scalops Breweri, ’’ which
belongs to this division, and by description approaches to Talpa cceca, in the
increased size of the middle incisors. In comparison with T. europaea, besides
the difference in the incisors, the four small teeth following the long canine-like
teeth of the upper jaw, show great differences. In the one under consideration,
the three anterior ones are equal ami very small, and the fourth is larger and
simply compressed, not lobed, though declivous posteriorly. In the lower jaw,
the enlarged canine-like 5th tooth is followed by four small simple and equal
teeth; then followr the ordinary cuspidate teeth, which present no appreciable

1853.]

327

differences. In color the specimen precisely resembles Talpa europaea ; the hair
of the tail is, however, entirely black.

Nose to root of tail . 4*8 inches.

Tail . -8 «

Locality unknown. For this new species the name T. reposta is pro¬
posed.

2. Dentes 44, incisivis mediis superioribus magnis, dente 4to superiore vix
elongato : rostrum elongatum, gracile naribus vel lateralibus, vel supernis ; pedes
postici non palmati.

Of the seven teeth following the enlarged incisors of the upper jaw, the three
first are pointed, conical, and increase gradually in size ; the three next are
small, very slightly compressed, and also increase, a little in size; the 7th is
triangular, moderately large, and has a small antero-internal cusp, which is
larger in T. Breweri than in the other species, which seem to differ principally
in color. The following table will express the relations :

Nares laterales.

Cinereo-nigra, cauda longa, valde pilosa

Nares superni, cauda brevi parce pilosa.
jEneo brunea ungues antici nigri .

Concolor, (fusco-nigra) pedibus solis pallidioribus
Cinereo-nigra, pedibus pallidis, fronte vittaque inferna
albis .

Breweri.
ae n e a.*

To wnsendii.
t ae n i a t a.

The singularly marked specimens referred by Dr. Bachman (Jour. Acad. 8,
58, and Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 4, 31,) as varieties of Scalops Town=endii, and
afterwards (Quadr. of America, pi. 145,) erroneously figured by Mr. Audu¬
bon as the type, seem to present sufficient characters to rank as a distinct
species. The third tooth of the upper jaw following the large incisor is
more elongated than in the true Talpa Townsendii : the posterior cusps of the
7th and 8th lower teeth, although distinct, are smaller than in T. Townsendii,
and there is no distinct internal basal margin connected with the cusp. I have,
therefore, separated it as distinct under the name Talpa 1 ae n i a t a.

3. Dentes 36, primo superiore, 2do inferiore magnis, rostrum subdepressum,
naribus supernis ; pedes postici palmati.

This group contains the typical Scalops aquaticus, and probably also S.lati-
tnanus Bachman, (Bost. Journ. 4, 34), which differs by its coarser and slightly
curled hair, and larger anterior feet. A specimen in the Academy differs from

S. aquaticus in being much larger (equal in size to Talpa Europaea,) and in
having much larger anterior feet : the hair is, however, soft and lustrous, as in

T. a q u a t ic a ; the color is uniform yellowish brown at tip, dark cinereous at
base; feet and tail pale; the latter is short and naked. This appears to be the
yellow mole of Pennant, (Synops. Quadrupeds, p. 312,) described from a speci¬
men without teeth, and referred, on account of its size, to T. europaea. The
dentition of our specimen show’s no difference worthy of notice. This species
should be called Talpa Pennant i‘i.

Unknown in recent times is Talpa cupreata Raf. (Precis des decouvertes
et travaux Somiologiques, Palerme, 1814, page 14.) The description is as
follows :

e( Queue le septieme de la longueur, totale brun luisant argente, a reflets
cuivres et pourpres, gorge legerement roussatre, museau couleur de chair et nu,
pieds concolors. — Obs. De I’Amer. septentrionale.”

Probably identical with this species is the black and shining purple mole from
Virginia described by Seba, p. 51, plate 32, and the purple species described by
Dr. T. W. Harris, in the New England Farmer.

Scalops cenezts Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 299.

328

[J UNE,

June 28 tli.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee to which was referred the following papers by Dr.
Le Conte, reported in favor of publication :

Synopsis of the JMeloides of the United States.
Bv John L. Le Conte, M. D.

The species of this family are very numerous ; those found in our territory
may he divided into the following genera :

A. Ungues non serrati.

Elytra abbreviata, imbricata, unguibus fissis
Elytra non imbricata, unguibus dentatis
Elytra connata, unguibus fissis .....
Elytris integris non connatis, unguibus fissis :

Tarsi articulo penultimo non emarginato .

Tarsi articulo penultimo emarginato ....

B. Ungues serrati, appendice instructi.

Maxillae elongatae .

Maxillae breves.

Ungues appendicibus filiformibus.

Antennae filiformes .

Antennae moniliatae .

Ungues appendicibus latis obtusis ....

Meloe Lin.
Cysteodemus Lee.
Henous Hald.

Lytta Fabr.
Tetraonyx Latr.

Nemognatha III.

Zonitis Fabr.

Horia Fabr.
Cephaloon Newman.

Meloe Lin.

a. Antennae maris medio dilatatae.

1. M. rus;i pen n i s, cyaneus, capite grosse punctato, thorace angustiore,
latitudine sublongiore basi emarginato, irregulariter grosse punctato, elytris
valde intricato-rugosis. Long. *45 — 1*05.

Middle States, not rare. The elytra are stouter than in the two next species.
The abdomen of the female is black and membranous each side: the middle
part is more uniformly chagrined than in the male. Very similar to M. viola-
ceusy but less shining, and with much rougher elytra. *

2. M. mcerens, niger, vix purpurascens, capite parcius punctato, thorace
angustiore subelongato, basi valde emarginato, lateribus sinuato, parce punctato,
medio impresso, elytris subtilissime rugosis, punctis parcis minus profundis im-
pressis. Long. *8.

New York. This is a rare species, of which I possess only females, although
from its resemblance in form to the preceding, we may be almost confident that
the antennae of the male are irregular. The abdomen is densely rugous, the
rugae towards the middle are almost longitudinal. The antennae are longer than
the head and thorax, and slander.

3. M. angusticollis, obscure violaceus, capite thoraceque punctis paucis
parvis impressis, hoc multo angustiore, elongato, basi emarginato, elytris sub-
tilius intricato-rugosis. Long. *3 — *8.

Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 280.

Middle States. The thorax is more than one-half narrower than the head, and
is nearly one half longer than wide.

4. M. impressus, obscure nigro-violaceus, capite thoraceque sat dense
punctalis, hoc paulo angustiore, latitudine vix longiore, postice gradatim angus-
tato, pone medium subcanaliculato, elytris minus profunde imbricato-rugosis.
Long. -5 — *6.

Meloe impressa Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 241.

Var. ? Meloe nigra Kirby, ibid. 241.

Meloe a.mericanusl Brandt and Erichson, Nov. Act. Leopold-Car. 16, 118.

1853.]

329

Middle States, abundant. Differs from M. viol actus in the thorax being
shorter, less shining, and more densely punctured. The antennae are shorter
and stouter than in the two preceding species. The rugae of the elytra
are broad, but not deep; the rugae of the abdomen are fine and irregular.
M. nigra Kirby seems to be merely a faded specimen; at least the very short
description points out no distinctive character. The color in my series varies
from greenish black to blackish purple.

5. M. per plexus, nigro-virescens, opacus, capite thoraceque minus dense
punctatis, hoc vix angustiore, latitudine non breviore, lateribus subsinuatis basi
subemarginato, elytris subtiliter intricato-rugosis apice obtusioribus. Long *7.

One male specimen, Pennsylvania. This species is so similar in characters
to the preceding, that I hesitate to consider it distinct. On close comparison,
however, the differences are absolutely irreconcileable. The antennae are longer
and more slender, so that the four last joints are equal in length to the four that
precede them. The punctures of the head and thorax are less dense and more
equally distributed ; the thorax, instead of being ovoid, is rather bell shaped,
from the concavity of the sides ; it is somewhat narrowed behind, and the base
is scarcely emarginate. The elytra are broader and much more obtuse at the
apex ; the basal impression is altogether transverse, and not at all longitudinal.
The color is greenish black, becoming distinctly green on the elytra.

b. Antennae sexus utriusque conformes.

6. M. parvus, niger, oparus, capite thoraceque confertim punctatis, hoc vix
angustiore, transverso, subtiliter canaliculato, basi truncato, elytris longioribus,
granulis distinetis minus elevatis asperatis. Long. *33 — 43.

Haldeman. Stansbury’s Report of Exploration of Salt Lake, 377.

StaFe; collected by Mr. Fern, and given me by Haldeman. The antennae
are as long as the head and thorax, the third joint equal to the two next; the
dorsal surface of the abdomen is indistinctly rugous.

Species dubia.

M. ame ric anus, Leach , Lin. Tr., 11, 251, pi. 18, figs. 5 and 6.

“ Caput violascens, punctis miuutis impressum. Thorax violascens, punctis
minutis vage impressus, postice emarginatus et marginatus. Elytra nigra, sub-
nitentia, minime rugulosa. Abdomen nigrum subnitens, rugulosum, coriaceum.
Pedes nigri, pilis brevissimis obtecti. Ungues interni ferruginei, externi nigri.”

The antennae in the figure are represented slender, as in M. angusticollis Say,
and M. mcerens Lee. In color it resembles the latter, but no mention is made
of the elytral punctures, which form a very conspicuous character of that spe¬
cies. From the small size of the punctures of the head and thorax it would
appear probable that Leach had M. angusticollis Say in view, but as the re¬
markably small size of the thorax is not alluded to, I do not feel justified in
sacrificing Say’s good description to Leach’s very poor one, until it shall be ren¬
dered necessary by the examination of Leach’s typical specimens, if they should
still exist.

Cysteodemus Lee.

Although possessing a species of this curious genus, Brandt and Erichson
seem to have been misled by its external resemblance to Meloe, and have there¬
fore failed to recognise its generic value. There is a radical difference in the
elytra, which, instead of being coriaceous and imbricate, are here of a strong
and firm structure, with the suture regular. In certain species the elytra are
very large, so as to extend far beyond the abdomen; they are then connate at the
suture; in other species (the first division) the elytra are small, although con¬
vex and inflated ; they are then entirely separated, and commence diverging
from the very base, on account of the large size of the abdomen. The antennae
are short and filiform, 11-jointed, the 2d joint short, the 3d scarcely longer than
the 4th. The palpi are much shorter than in Meloe. The legs are long and
slender, the spurs are small, slender and acute; the claws of the tarsi are
toothed near the base.

330

[June,

Meloe cancellatus ' Br. £ Er ., (1. c. 141, tab. 8, fig. 9,) belongs to the first
division of this genus, but is distinguished by having the interstices of the large
punctures of the elytra red.

a. Elytra divergentia, abdomine multo breviora.

1. C. v i 1 1 a t u s, niger, capite thoraceque opacis vage grosse punctatis, illo
basi fere truncato, hoc subquadrato, subtiliter canaliculato, basi valde emargi-
nato, elytris brevibus, inflatis, obtusis cribrato-punctatis vitta angusta rubra
utrinque abbreviata ; abdomine amplissimo laevigato. Long .5-*7.

New Mexico. Dr. Wislizenus.

b. Elytra amplissima, connata.

2. C. W i s 1 i z e n i, supra cyanescens, nitidus, capite thoraceque grosse punc¬
tatis, illo postice rotundato, hoc pentagono, canaliculato, angulis lateralibus
acutis, elytris splendide cyaneis sphericis, foveis profundis confertis cancellatis.
Long. *65.

Le Conte, Ann. Lye. 5, 158.

New Mexico, Dr. Wislizenus. The body beneath is black ; the legs are steel
blue.

3. C. a r mat us, obscure aeneo-olivaceus, opacus, capite punctato, postice
canaliculato, occipite conico, thorace punctato, utrinque spina acuta armato,
elytris antrorsum angustatis, dorso antice late depressis, spatiis impressis irre-
gularibus reticulatis. Long. -4 — *65.

Le Conte, Ann. Lyc. 5, 158.

On the desert near the Colorado river of California, usually on Larrea mexi-
cana. 1 can find no sexual characters. The body beneath is black, the legs are
steel-blue.

Henous llald.

Though the characters of this genus approach very closely to Meloe, yet there
is again a difference in the elytra, which are connate, and not at all imbricate.
The form of the body is nearly that of some species of Lytta ; the elytra are oblong-
elongate, convex, a little shorter than the abdomen and obtusely obliquely truncate
at tip. The antennae are filiform, or rather setaceous, the 2d joint short, the 3d
joint as long as the two following united ; the 3d to the 6th slightly dilated in the
male ; the labrum is slightly emarginate ; the palpi, as in Lytta, moderately Jong
and slightly dilated. The legs are slender, one of the spurs of the posterior
tibiae is concave and obtuse : the ungues are cleft to the base, with the parts
nearly equal. When the abdomen of the female is distended, the upper segments
are separated from the central segments by a wide membraneous space.

1. H. confertus, ater opacus, subtiliter dense nigro-pubescens, capite tho¬
raceque confertissime punctatis, hoc non angustiore, antice rotundato, basi
emarginato, latitudine non breviore, elytris plus duplo latioribus confertissime
subtilius scabro-punctatis. Long. *37 — 75.

Meloe conferta Say, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 281.

Henous techanus Haldeman, Stansbury’s Expedition to Great Salt Lake, 377,
pi. 9, fig. 12 — 14.

Missouri Territory and Texas, not rare. The thorax is finely canaliculate,
but sometimes this character is scarcely apparent.

Lytta Fahr.

Cantharis\\ Geof.

After a very careful study of the numerous species of this genus inhabiting
the United States, I have concluded that the groups separated under the names
Pyrota Dej., Epicauta Redt. ( IDej .) and Tegrodera Lee., are unnecessary. The
only characters of the two first consist in the form of the antennae, and in look¬
ing over a number of species, one will readily perceive that there is a legular
transition from one group to another ; other forms of antennae (such as appear

1853.]

331

in division C.,) although equally common, and less intimately related to the
other groups, have not, however, been commemorated by a generic name.

Tegrodera Lee. was established on a single Californian species, differing
remarkably in appearance from all the other species known to me, and having
the claws of the tarsi apparently toothed instead of bifid. On close examination
I find that this apparent tooth is not a protuberance on the claw, as in Cysteo-
demus, but merely the ordinary inferior division of the claw, which is here
shorter and more intimately connected with the claw itself, the line of junction
being visible quite to the base of the claw.

In consequence of the changes in classification, which are here proposed, I
give the following as the diagnosis of Lytta :

Corpus praecipue alatum, elytris integris non imbricatis ; antennis ll-articu-
latis ; unguiculis tarsorum non serratis, fissis, parte inferiore plerumque supe-
riori aequali; tarsorum articulo 4to non emarginato.

A. Antennas apicem versus incrassato, articulo 2do breviore.

A. Labrum subemarginatum.

a. Tibiae posticae calcaribus duobus obtusis armatae .

b. Tibiae posticae calcare altero cylindrico truncato, altero

acuto ..........

c. Tibiae posticae calcare altero concavo, altero acuto

d. Tibiae posticae calcaribus duobus tenuibus subacutis

B. Labrum valde emarginatum .

B. Antennae filiformes vel setaceae, articulo 2do breviore.

e. Corpus glabrum, antennae laxae articulatae ; tib. post.

calcare externo obtuso ......

f. Corpus parce pilosum, calcaribus posticis subaequalibus .

g. Corpus pubescens, antennis laxe articulatis .

h. Antennae articulatis arete coniunctis :

* Ungues aequaliter fissi ......

** Ungues parte inferiore minore . . . . .

C. Antennae setaceae, articulo lmo valde elongato.

i. Corpus apterum .

k. Corpus alatum ........

Sp. 1.

Sp. 2- 6.
So. 7 — 16.
Sp. 17—18.
Sp. 19—33.

Sp. 24—27.
Sp. 28—30.
Sp. 31—39.

Sp. 40—41.
Sp. 42—43.

Sp. 44—45.
Sp. 45—52.

A. — a.

1. L. vulnerata, nigra nitida, capite postice, thoracisque angulis lateralibus
acutis rubris, illo basi subemarginato macula occipitali nigro, elytris subtiliter
rugosis. Long *4 — 1*0.

Cautharis vulnerata Le Conte, Ann. Lyc. 5, 159.

San Diego, September, abundant on a species of Baccharis. Black shining,
above glabrous. Head sparsely punctured in front, scarcely so behind, slightly
dilated behind the eyes, which are oblique ; base subemarginate, posterior angles
rounded, with a large rufous spot reaching almost to the eyes, and rxtending
obliquely forwards meeting the opposite spot, so as to enclose a large occipital
black spot, which is slightly channeled; clypeus and labrum punctured and pu¬
bescent with erect black hairs. Antennae about as long as the head and thorax,
moderately thickened, with the external joints subglobular. Thorax scarcely
wider than the head, pentagonal, sparsely punctured, disc flattened, lateral angles
acute, marked with a large rufous spot. Elytra finely scabrous. Legs black,
intermediate tibiae curved; posterior tibiae armed with two broad spurs, which
are concave and obtuse at their apex.

A.— b.

2. L. fulvipennis, nigra, nigro-pubescens, capite thoraceque rotundato
subtilius punctatis, illo puncto verticali rubro, elytris glabris opacis, fulvis dense
scabro-punctatis. Long. *70.

Texas and Mexican Boundary Commission ; Col. J. D. Graham and Dr.
Woodhouse. The antennae are incrassated externally, a little wider than the
head and thorax, with the outer joints subglobular; the thorax is somewhat

832

[June,

flattened on the disc, not wider than the head and almost'round ; the scutellum
is black ; the elytra are nearly twice as wide as the thorax, glabrous, fulvous or
luteo-rufous, densely punctured and entirely without lustre. The intermediate
tibiae are curved; the external spur of the posterior tibiae is very broad and
stout, obliquely truncate at tip.

3. C. d i c hr oa, nigra, supra glabra lutea, capite antice antennisque nigris,
thorace subrotundato minus convexo, parce punctato, nigro biguttato, elytris
sesqui latioribus subtilins scabro-punctatis. Long. *75.

One specimen, Mexican Boundary; collected by Mr. Clark, under Col. J. D.
Graham. Head sparsely punctured black behind the eyes luteous, sides parallel,
base broadly rounded. Antennae scarcely as long as the head and thorax, joints
from the 4th subglobular, increasing in size, last joint oval, acute. Thorax as
broad as the head, rounded, very slightly transverse, base broadly rounded,
slightly margined, disc not convex, obsoletely channeled, sparsely punctured,
marked with two black dots before the middle. Scutel black. Elytra one half
wider than the thorax, scabrous with punctures which are somewhat smaller
than in C. fulvipennis. Beneath black, middle tibiae curved; outer spur of the
posterior tibiae very thick, and cylindrical, obliquely truncate.

4. L. biguttata, nigra, parce pallide pubescens, capite parce punctato,
puncto verticali tlavo, thorace convexo luteo, nigro-bipunctato, elytris luteis
scabro-punctatis macula utrinque pone medium nigra. Long. *4.

Santa Fe, New Mexico; Fendler. Body black, above and below thinly pubes¬
cent with pale hair. Head black, sparsely and coarsely punctured, base almost
truncate ; vertex with a yellow spot, eyes moderately large. Antennae scarcely
longer than the head and thorax, thickened externally, outer joints subglobular,
in the male the 4th, 5th and 6th joints are a little swollen, so that the 3d joint is
smaller than the 4th. Thorax convex, rounded, impressed and subemarginate at
base, luteous shining, sparsely punctured, with two small black spots on the disc,
and occasionally another one each side on the edge of the disc. Scutel black.
Elytra twice as wide as the thorax, scabrous-punctured dull yellow, with a black
spot on each behind the middle ; the extreme margin of the suture is black ante¬
riorly. The feet vary from luteous to black; when they are luteous, the knees
and tarsi are fuscous : the intermediate tibiae are curved; the outer spur of the
posterior tibiae is thick, cylindrical and obliquely truncate at the tip; the inner
one is shorter and acute. The body beneath is black, the last joints of the ab¬
domen more or less yellow on the sides.

5. L. nitidicollis, nigra, capite thoraceque luteo-flavis nitidis parce punc-
tatis, hoc longiusculo, elytris subopacis luteis scabris. Long. *65.

Cantharis nitidicollis Le Conte, Ann. Lyc. 5, 160.

San Diego, California, June, not common. Head above and below shining
reddish yellow, very sparsely punctured, sides behind the eyes parallel, base
broadly rounded ; eyes moderately large ; mouth black ; antennae longer than the
head and thorax, slightly thickened externally, outer joints oblong, slightly
rounded. Thorax a little narrower than the head, longer than wide, narrowed
in front, shining reddish yellow, very sparsely punctured, with a shallow trans¬
verse concavity before the middle. Scutel black or dusky. Elytra twice as
wide as the thorax, luteous, scabrous-punctate, almost without lustre, with two
slight lines more distinct lhan usual. Body and feet black, the intermediate
tibiae slightly bent, posterior tibiae with the external spur cylindrical, thick and
obliquely truncate, the inner one small, slender, subacute.

6. L. m ce r e n s, atra, subopaca, capite thoraceque parce punctatis, hoc sub-
quadrato, antice rotundato ad medium breviter canalicuiato, elytris thorace sesqui
latioribus scabris. Long. .7.

Cantharis mcsrens Le Conte, Ann. Lyc. 5, 216.

One specimen, Sacramento, California, collected by Mr. J. Child, and given
me by Mr. S. S. Rathvon. Body entirely dull black. Head a little dilated be¬
hind the eyes, which are oblique and moderate, base truncate, surface thinly and
coarsely punctured, vertex subcanaliculate ; front before the antennae transversely

1353.]

333

sulcate. Antennae scarcely longer than the head and thorax, moderately thick¬
ened, external joints rounded, a little longer than wide, slightly conical. Thorax
nearly as wide as the head, subquadrate, rounded on the sides anteriorly, disc not
convex, sparsely punctured, with a short impressed line at the middle. Elytra
one half wider than the thorax, parallel, densely and tolerably finely scabrous.
Middle tibiae curved; posterior tibiae with the outer spur more slender than
usual, cylindrical, obliquely truncate at tip; inner one half as long, subacute.

A. — c.

7. L. tenebrosa, nigra fere opaca, capite punctato, gutta verticali rubra
notato thoraceque alutaceis, hoc subquadrato, antice angustato, parce punctato,
obsolete canaiiculato, elytris duplo latioribus subtiliter scabro-punctatis.
Long. *6 — *8.

Cantharis tenebrosa Le Conte, Ann. Lyc. 5, 160.

San Diego, California, two specimens. Body dull black, more robust than
usual. Head opaque with fine rugosities, coarsely punctured, dilated behind the
eyes, and almost emarginate at base; vertex impressed, with a small red spot.
Antennae shorter than the head and thorax, stouter than usual, incrassated exter¬
nally, with the outer joints subglobular. Thorax not narrower than the head,
finely rugous like it, but very sparsely punctured, subquadrate, rounded in front,
slightly narrowed behind, very obsoletely channeled. Elytra twice as wide as
the thorax at base, a little dilated behind, very finely, not densely scabrous with
punctures. Middle tibiae scarcely curved ; posterior tibiae with the outer spur
broad, concave, somewhat spatulate, and subobtuse at tip; inner spur slender, as
long as the outer one ; trochanters unarmed.

8. L. salic is, purpureo-cyanea, capite thoraceque parce pilosis, vage punc-
tatis, illo puncto verticali rubro, hoc quadrato transverso, elytris scabris, brevis-
sime pilosis. Long. *65 — 75.

Great Salt Lake City, on willows ; collected by Capt. H. Stansbury ; (Lytta
salicisf Hald.) Body above purplish blue, beneath steel blue. Head dilated
behind the eyes, truncate at base; surface coarsely punctured, pilose with erect
black hairs; vertex channeled, with a small red dot. Antennae a little longer
than the head and thorax, incrassated externally, outer joints subglobular.
Thorax transverse, rounded on the sides anteriorly, slightly narrowed at base,
very sparsely punctured, with a few short black hairs ; disc flattened, channeled,
transversely impressed before the middle, basal margin reflexed. Elytra one
half wider than the thorax, parallel, scabrous, with a few distant very' short
black hairs. Legs blackish; middle tibiae, slightly curved; posterior tibiae with
the outer spur slender, concave and slightly obtuse ; inner spur subacute, as
long as the outer one. Posterior trochanters of the male with a sharp spine
inferiorly'.

9. L. cyanipennis, cyanea, capite thoraceque viridi-aureis nitidis, parce
punctatis, illo gutta verticali rubra, hoc subpentagonali, canaiiculato, basi reflexo,
elytris scabris breviter parce nigro-pilosis. Long. -55.

Cantharis cyanipennis Le Conte, Ann. Lyc. 5,160.

Oregon. Head shining, golden green, sparsely' punctured, scarcely pilose,
slightly dilated behind the eyes, truncate, and almost emarginate at base ;
vertex slightly channelled, marked with a cupreous red dot. Antennae as long
as the head and thorax, moderately incrassated, outer joints subglobular. Thorax
golden green, subpentagonal, lateral angles rounded, sides anteriorly pilose, disc
sparsely punctured, flattened, channeled, foveate each side behind the middle;
basal margin strongly reflexed. Elytra metallic blue, more than one half wider
than the thorax, parallel, scabrous, with a few erect black hairs. Body beneath
blue, feet black ; middle tibiaa curved ; posterior tibiae with the outer spur mode¬
rately broad, concave, and subobtuse at the apex; inner spur slender, as long as
the outer one. The posterior trochanters of the male are armed with a sharp
spine near the base. The outer spur of the posterior tibiae, when seen laterally
in this species, appears as slender and sharp as the inner one, and accounts for
the erroneous position given this species in my memoir in the Annals of the Ly-

334

[June,

ceum ; I also failed to discover the spine of the posterior trochanters, but the
limbs were drawn up tightly, and the specimen was so bad that any relaxation
with hot water was attended with great risk. By breaking off the posterior ex¬
tremity, I have, however, completed my examination in a satisfactory manner.

10. L. N u t a 1 1 i, capite piloso thoraceque viridi-aureis, nitidis, parce punc-
tatis, illo puncto verticali rubro, hoc pentagono, canaliculato, basi reflexo, elytris
purpureo-cupreis, confertissime scabris breviter parce nigro-pilosis. Long. •!.

Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc., 3, 300: Am. Ent. 1, pi. 3.

Nebraska Territory, near Missouri River; J. J. Audubon, Esq. Head
pilose, with erect hair, shining golden green, dilated behind the eyes, truncate
at base; surface coarsely punctured, vertex slightly channeled, marked with a
small, cupreous spot. Antennae black, longer than the head and thorax, slightly
thickened externally, outer joints rounded, sub-conical. Thorax golden green,
pentagonal, lateral angles distinct, disc sparsely punctured and pilose, flattened,
channeled, transversely impressed before the middle, foveate each side, strongly
reflexed at the base. Elytra one half wider than the thorax, parallel, densely
scabrous and sparsely pilose with short black hair; they are coppery purple,
with the base, suture and extreme margin green. Beneath bluish green ; feet
blue; middle tibiae curved, posterior tibiae with the outer spur broad, concave,
somewhat pointed, inner spur slender, acute. Posterior trochanters of the male
armed with a sharp spine at the middle ; the antennae of the male are a little
longer than those of the female.

11. L. fulgifer, capite thoraceque aureo-cupreis nitidis, parce punctatis
vix brevissime pilosis, illo gutta verticali flavescente, hoc pentagono, inaequali,
basi reflexo, elytris olivaceis, scabris, sutura margineque cuprascentibus.
Long. *9.

Cantharis fulgifer Le Conte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. New Ser. 1, 90.

One specimen from the Arkansas near Bent’s Fort. Head shining, cupreous,
sparsely punctured, scarcely pilose, dilated behind the eyes, sub-emarginate at
base, occiput slightly channeled, vertex with a small, yellowish green dot ;
mouth and antennae black, the latter scarcely longer than the head and thorax,
moderately thickened externally, outer joints rounded. Thorax cupreous, pen¬
tagonal, with the lateral angles almost acute, disc flattened, sparsely punctured,
obsoletely channeled, transversely impressed anteriorly, broadly foveate each
side at the middle ; base strongly reflexed. Elytra scarcely one half wider than
the thorax, strongly scabrous, olivaceous, slightly brassy, suture and margin
somewhat cupreous. Beneath, pectus greenish, abdomen cupreous brassy; feet
bluish; middle tibiae strongly curved, posterior tibiae with the outer spur broad,
concave and sub-acute, inner spur slender, acute. Posterior trochanters obtusely
toothed at the middle.

12. L. aeneipennis, capite thoraceque parce pilosis vage punctatis, rufis,
illo antice nigro, hoc sub-quadrato, transverso, basi subreflexo, elytris olivaceo-
aeneis, scabris, brevissime parce pilosis. Long. •26--4.

Cantharis ceneipennis Le Conte, Ann. Lyc. 5,160.

Santa Isabel, Southern Colifornia. Head black, behind the eyes rufous, nearly
truncate at base, sparsely punctured, pilose, with erect hair. Antennae black,
as long as the head and thorax, slightly incrassated externally, third joint longer
than in the preceding species, outer joints oblong, slightly rounded; last joint
oval, not acuminate as in most species. Thorax rufous, a little narrower than
the head, transverse quadrate, sparsely punctured and pilose, obsoletely chan¬
neled, base with a subreflexed margin. Elytra more than one half wider than
the thorax, parallel, scabrous, olive colored, somewhat brassy, sparsely pubes¬
cent, with excessively short gray hair. Beneath greenish black ; middle tibiae
slender slightly curved ; outer spur of posterior tibiae slightly dilated, concave
and sub-acute ; inner spur slender.

13. L. smaragdula, nigro-viridis, vel cyaneo-viridis, capite thoraceque
vage punctatis, sub-pilosis, illo gutta verticali rubra, hoc subquadrato, basi sub¬
reflexo, elytris scabris, antennis nigris elongatis. Long. •37-,40.

1853.]

335

Two specimens from Santa Isabel, California; another brighter colored one
from Sacramento, from Mr. Rathvon. Greenish black, or bright blue-green ;
head sparsely punctured and pilose, truncate at base, vertex with a red spot.
Antennae black, more than half as long as the body, very slightly thickened,
outer joints elongate, oval, last joint acuminate. Thorax as wide as the head,
subquadrate, rounded anteriorly, sparsely punctured, base moderately reflexed,
disc sometimes channeled and impressed. Elytra one half wider than the thorax,
parallel, scabrous, sprinkled with extremely short, indistinct hairs ; middle tibiae
slender, slightly bent ; posterior tibiae as in the last, but the outer spur is less
dilated.

14. L. s t y g ic a, atra, opaca, capite nitidiusculo, parce punctato, gutta ver-
ticali testacea, thorace sub-quadrato, vage punctato, basi reflexo, elytris scabris.
Long. •48--55.

Canthari-s stygica Le Conte, Ann. Lyc. 5, 161.

Oregon. Entirely dull black, without lustre, except on the head. Head
parallel on the sides, almost truncate behind, occiput slightly channeled, vertex
with a testaceous spot. Antennae longer than the head and thorax, slightly
thickened externally, outer joints rounded oval. Thorax quadrate, rounded in
front, sparsely punctured, scarcely channeled, basal margin reflexed. Elytra
nearly twice as wide as the thorax, parallel, very scabrous. Legs as in the pre¬
ceding species.

15. L. Rathvon i, capite thoraceque parce punctatis, viridi-aureis, illo
puncto verticali rubro, hoc ovali, latitudine longiore, elytris purpureis scabris,
antennis nigris elongatis. Long. *35.

A beautiful little species found near Sacramento, California, by Mr. Child,
and given me by Mr. S. S. Rathvon. Head bright golden green, sparsely punctured,
w'ith a few fine gray hairs ; occiput rounded; vertex broadly impressed, with a
small red spot. Antennae black, joints 3—9, slender, scarcely increasing in thick¬
ness, longer than the head and thorax, (remainder wanting.) Thorax shining
golden green, longer than wide, oval, sparsely punctured, base slightly reflexed.
Elytra a little wider than the head, coppery purple, scabrous, obsoletely
sprinkled -with short hair. Beneath blackish green, with cinereous pubescence :
middle tibiae slender, slightly curved; (posterior tibiae wanting.)

16. L. luge ns, atra, parce pilosa, capite thoraceque nitidiusculis, parce
punctatis, hoc elongato antice angustato, elytris scabris. Long. *4‘2-*5.

Cantharis In gens Le Conte, Ann. Lyc. 5, 161.

Abundant at San Diego, California. A long, slender, black species, resem¬
bling some in Division (B.), but with the antennae of the present division. Head
moderately punctured and pilose, base broadly rounded, vertex slightly im¬
pressed, not spotted. Antennae as long as the head and thorax, moderately
thickened externally, outer joints rounded, very little longer than wide. Thorax
narrower than the head, one half longer than wide, narrowed at tip, base scarcely
at all margined, disc sparsely punctured and pilose, scarcely impressed. Elytra
long, parallel, a little wider than the thorax, scabrous, sparsely pilose. Middle
tibiae slightly curved; posterior tibiae with the outer spur a little thicker than
the inner one, concave and slightly obtuse at apex.

The difference between the spurs of the posterior tibiae is not obvious, except
on very close inspection, but the appearance of the species refers it to this divi¬
sion rather than to those with two acute spurs on the posterior tibiae.

A-d.

17. L. chalybea, cyanescens, capite thoraceque nitidis convexis, parce
punctatis, hoc subcampanulato, antice impresso, elytris convexis postice latiori-
bus, scabris, antennis subserratis. Long. *42. •

Cantharis chalybea Le Conte, Ann. Lyc. 5, 160.

Oregon, one specimen. Above dark blue; head shining, rounded, convex,
sparsely and coarsely punctured, finely channelled. Antennae as long as the head
and thorax, black, subserrate, the joints from the fourth being quadrate and

335

[June,

slightly compressed, last joint oval, not acuminate. Thorax subeampanulate,
sparsely punctured, shining, broadly impressed before the middle, obsoletely
channelled, deeply foveate at the middle of the base. Elytra wider than usual,
dilated behind and convex, scabrous, with close set punctures. Beneath green¬
ish black ; middle tibiae slender, scarcely curved ; posterior tibiae with two small
equal acute spurs.

18. L. conve x a, minus elongata, nigra, capite thoraceque parce punctatis,
convexis, hoc ovali, subcanaliculato, basi medio foveato, elytris cyanescentibus
postice dilatatis, scabro-punctatis, antennis subserratis. Long. *41.

Mexican Boundary Commission; collected by Mr. Clark, under Col. J. D.
Graham. Very similar to the preceding, but the head and thorax are black ;
the latter is less companulate, more convex, and not impressed anteriorly; the
elytra are more dilated posteriorly, and diverge at the suture. The Jeet and an¬
tennae precisely as in C. chalybea.

C. sphaericollis ( Lytta spk. Say. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 299,) must be
closely related to these two species, but will be distinguished by its more slender
form, and by the second joint of the antennae being rufous.

B.

19. L. femoralis, aenea, subnitida, supra fere glabra, thorace lateribus
parce punctato versus basin angustato, basi subrefiexo, elytris subtiliter pune-
tulatis, pedibus cyaneis, femoribus (apice excepta) rufis, antennis nigris gracili-
bus. Long. *7.

One male specimen. Louisiana ; Mr. Guex. Body slender, brassy somewhat
dull. Head sparsely punctured, truncate at base, a little narrowed behind the
eyes, which are large and prominent ; labrum green, deeply emarginate, strongly
punctured. Antennae, from the 5th to the 10th joints, gradually decreasing in
length, increasing very slightly in thickness, slender, oblong, scarcely rounded ;
eleventh joint subconstricted, external part conical. Thorax as wide as the
head; slightly pentagonal, narrowed towards the base ; disc slightly flattened,
with several shallow impressions, sides sparsely punctured, scarcely pilose ; base
slightly reflexed. Elytra a little wider than the thorax, finely and indistinctly
punctulate, with a scattered, scarcely perceptible pubescence. Legs blackish
blue, femora bright rufous, black at the apex ; the middle of the posterior tibiae
is slightly rufous inferiorlv ; middle tibiae short, slightly curved ; outer spur of
the posterior tibiae broad and concave.

This species is very similar to the next, but the black tarsi, and finely punc¬
tulate elytra will distinguish it ; the head is less quadrate and is not wider than
the thorax : the anterior tibiae are emarginate at the apex internally, which is
probably a sexual character.

20. L. pol it a, aenea, subnitida, supra fere glabra, thorace capite angustiore,
lateribus parce punctatis versus basin angustato, bifoveato, basi subrefiexo, ely¬
tris subtilissime rugosis pedibus rufis, genubus tibiisque anterioribus nigris,
tarsis fuscis, antennis nigris gracilibus. Long. *65.

Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 302.

One female; Georgia. Body slender, brassy, somewhat dull. Head sparsely
punctured, a little dilated behind the eyes, which are prominent, squarely trun¬
cate at base ; labrum blue, punctured, deeply emarginate. Antennae black, a
little longer than the head and thorax, scarcely thickened externally, joints ob¬
long, equal in length, last joint longer, constricted, conical at tip. Thorax nar¬
rower than the head, longer than wide, slightly narrowed towards the base;
sparsely punctured and slightly pilose towards the sides, disc somewhat flattened,
deeply bifoveate, basal margin reflexed at the middle. Elytra scarcely wider
than the head, parallel, very finely rugous, and obsoletely punctulate. Thighs
rufous, coxae, trochanters and knees black, anterior and middle tibia? black,
slightly rufous in the middle; posterior tibiae rufous, black at tip: tarsi dark
fuscous; outer spur of the posterior feet broad, concave and obtuse.

21. L. Sayi, olivacea fere opaca, capite thoraceque parce pilosis, subtiliter

.age punctatis, hoc subcampanulato, basi medio impresso, elytris fortiter punc-
tulatis, pedibus flavo-rufls, genubus, tibiis apice tarsisque cceruleo-nigris, anten-
nis nigris extus incrassatis. Long. *7.

Lytta cenea var. Say, Long’s Exped. St. Peter’s R:ver, 2, 28S.

One specimen, Illinois. Mr. Rathvon. Brassy olive colored, without lustre ;
head finely and sparsely punctured, pilose, with short, gray hair, slightly dilated
behind the eyes, which are moderate, truncate at base, obsoletely emarginate.
Labrum blue, deeply emarginate. Antennae black, about as long as the head
and thorax, moderately thickened externally, outer joints conical, rounded , last
joint less constricted than in the two preceding. Thorax scarcely narrower than
the head, obsoletely sparsely punctured, slightly pilose, campanulate, sides pa¬
rallel, disc slightly flattened, obsoletely channelled, middle of the base slightly
reflexed. Elytra nearly twice as wide as the thorax, parallel, finely and densely
punctured. Legs bright orange colored, coxae, trochanters, knees, apex of the
tibiae and tarsi blackish blue; outer spur of posterior tibiae subrhomboidal, con¬
cave.

22. L. filiform is, elongata, purpurascens, cinereo parce piloso, thorace
lateribus parallelis parce punctulato, basi medio reflexo, elytris subtiliter scabris,
pedibus flavis, genubus tarsisque fuscis, antennis nigris extus incrassatis,
Long. *.‘*3.

Cantharis filiformis Le Conte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc., New Ser., 1, 91.

One specimen; Texas. Mr. Lindheimer, and given me by Dr. Engelman.
Body slender, purplish, brassy, moderately pilose, with gray hair. Head not
dilated behind the eyes, truncate at base, sparsely and coarsely punctured : mouth
black, labrum deeply emarginate. Antennae longer than the head and thorax,
thickened externally, outer joints subglobular, last joint not constricted. Thorax
subquadrate, sides parallel, rounded in front, obsoletely punctulate : base re¬
flexed in the middle ; elytra a little wider than the thorax, parallel, finely sca¬
brous. Feet rufo-testaceous, knees and tarsi darker; coxae and trochanters
black ; outer spur of the posterior tibiae broad and concave.

23. L. asnea, minus elongata, obscure aenea, capite parce punctato thorace-
que cinereo-pilosis, hoc subquadrato, lateribus parce punctato, basi vix reflexo,
elytris scabris, pedibus rufo-testaceis, antennis extus incrassatis. Long. *57.

Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 301.

Cantharis nigricornis Lee, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc., New Ser., 1, 90.

Pennsylvania and Missouri. The head is obsoletely emarginate at the base;
the outer joints of the antennae are subglobular, the last joint not constricted.
C. nigricornis Lee. is a variety with more punctures on the side of the thorax.

B— e.

24. L. m y 1 a b r i n a, supra flava glaberrima, capite convexo, parce punctato
postice valde rotundato, labro palpis antennisque nigris, thorace elongato, apice
angustato, nigro 4-guttato, elytris subtiliter punctulatis, maculis duabus ulrinque
pone basin, altera ad medium apieeque nigris ; pedibus flavis, genubus tibiarum
apice tarsisque nigris. Long. *58.

Pyrota mylabrina Chevrolat, Ins. de Mexique, No. 3 (Nov. 1834.)

Mexican Boundary; collected by Mr. Clark. This species is extremely simi¬
lar to the next, but differs in the form of the head, which is here much rounded
behind, and not at all quadrate : the neck is marked with a black spot each side.
The body beneath is variegated with black and yellow, the margin of the abdo¬
minal segments being always yellow. The outer spur of the posterior tibiae is
cylindrical and obliquely truncate.

25. L. Engelmanni, supra flava, glabra, capite convexo, parce punctato,
nigro maculato postice latius rotundato, labro palpis antennisque nigris, thorace
elongato nigro 4-guttato, apice angustata utrinque nigromaculata, elytris confer-
tissime punctulatis, maculis duabus pone basin, altera magna ad medium, apiee¬
que nigris, pedibus niaris, femoribus basi testaceis. Lon^. *7.

Pyrota Engelmanni Le Conte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc., New Ser., 1, 91.

338

[June,

Missouri. Dr. Engelmann ; two specimens. From the difference between these
specimens, the variations in this species must be very great. One has the pos¬
terior angles of the head entirely black, while in the other there are merely in¬
distinct black dots : there are also two black dots between the antennae. The
neck has a single spot on the middle, instead of two lateral spots as in C. myla-
brina ; the thorax, besides the four spots arranged transversely, has an apical
spot each side ; the disc is transversely concave before the middle; the basal
spots of the elytra are sometimes confluent ; the medial spot is much larger than
in C. mylabrina. The under surface is variegated with black and yellow ; ihe
margin of the segments of the abdomen, and usually the whole of the last seg¬
ment being yellow. Outer spur of the posterior tibiae cylindrical and obliquely
truncate.

A specimen from the Creek Boundary, given me by Dr. S. W. Woodhouse,
differs from the two original specimens in having the head unspotted ; the elytra
more finely and less densely punctured, the postpectus entirely rufous, and the
feet colored as in C. mylabrina ; the head, however, is somewhat quadrate pos¬
teriorly, and the spot on the neck is medial ; the middle spot of the elytra is large.
I have therefore placed the specimen under C. Engelmanni, though it may pos¬
sibly be a distinct species ; a much larger series of specimens will be necessary
to determine the value of the characters above mentioned.

26. L. Germari, capite parce punctato nigro, macula vertical! magna flava,
thorace elongato, flavo nigro biguttato, elytris confertim punctulatis, sutura vit-
taque lata nec humerum nec apicem attingente nigris; scutello nigro, pedibus
flavis, genubus tibiarum apice tarsisque nigris. Long. *32 — *47.

Haldeman, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1, 303.

Pyrota Germari Le Conte, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc., New Ser., 1, 91.

Baltimore and North Carolina ; Mr. Haldeman. The black sutural margin is
dilated anteriorly, and frequently separated from the other portion, forming an
elongate spot ; the vitta is narrowest towards the base ; the body beneath is
black ; the outer spur of the posterior tibiae is more obliquely truncate than in
the two preceding species, so as to become flattened and concave.

27. E. d i s c oi d e a, flava, capite punctato, thorace elongato, nigro biguttato,
apice angustato, elytris subtiliter scabris macula subbasali, vitta utririque ab-
breviata, suturaque angustissima nigris, pectore, genubus, tibiarum apice, tarsis
palpis antennisque nigris. Long. *27 — *45.

One specimen, found on the Platte river by Wm. Tappan, and given to me by
Prof. Agassiz ; several found in Texas by Lieut. Haldeman. Head yellow, con¬
vex, broadly rounded behind, not densely punctured, pilose, with short, erect
hairs: palpi black. Antennae black, base testaceous ; longer than the head and
thorax, tilil’orm, less slender than in the preceding species, joints loosely articu¬
lated, 11th not constricted. Thorax narrower than the head, one half longer
than wide, narrowed at the apex, transversely impressed before the middle,
basal margin impressed at the middle, with a few scattered hairs, punctured,
bright yellowish testaceous, with discoidal round black spots at the middle.
Scutellum yellow. Elytra yellow, with a small, oblong, black spot near the
scutel, and a moderately wide, black vitta reaching neither the base nor the
apex; the extreme sutural margin is also black; the surface is rough, with fine
wrinkles, scarcely punctured. Postpectus black, abdomen yellow; feet yellow,
knees, tips of the tibiae and tarsi black; posterior tibiae with the outer spur
cylindrical and obliquely truncate.

B— f.

28. L. puncticollis, nigra, minus dense nigro-pilosa, capite thoraceque
.confertim punctatis, hoc elongato, subcanaliculato, apice angustato, elytris sca-
bro-punctatis. Long. *36 — 45.

Epicatcta puncticollis Mannerheim, Bull. Mosc. 1843, 288: Le Conte, Ann.
Lyc. 5, 162.

San Diego and San Francisco, California ; abundant. This species differs from
the next in having the thorax more densely and less coarsely punctured; the an-

1853.]

339

tpnnne are a little more slender, but as there is a slight difference in the antenna;
depending on sex, this is not an obvious character ; they are scarcely longer than
the head and thorax, and the outer joints are closely connected. T.he spurs of
the posterior tibiae are equal and slender.

29. L. obi it a, nigra, minus dense nigro-pilosa, capite fhoraceque parcius
grossius punctatis, hoc longiusculo, antice angustato., subcanaliculato, elytris
scabro-punctatis. Long. *36 — *4.

Epieauta oblita LeConte, Ann. Lyc. 5, 162.

San Francisco and Oregon. The outer joints of •the antennae are closed y ‘tin ited :
the posterior spurs as in the preceding.

30. L. maur a, nigra vix nigro-pilosa, capite minus dense punctato, thorace
•subquad rato, longiusculo, parcius punctate, subcanaliculato, elytris scabre-punc-
talD, antennis elongatis, laxe articulatis. Long. *4.

Epieauta manra. Le Conte, Ann. Lye. 5, 162.

San Francisco, California. Easily distinguished from the two preceding by
the longer and more slender antennae., and the more quadrate and much less
punctured thorax. The spurs of the posterior tibiae are slender and acute-

E— g.

31. L. pensyl va n ica, atra, immaculata, confertissime subtiliter punc¬
tata, brevissime pubescens, thorace quadrato, angulis anticis rotundartis, labro
leviter emarginato. Long. -4 — -5.

Cantharis pensylvanica De Geer, Mem. Tns. 3, 13, pi. 13, fig. 1, (1775.)

Lytta atrata Fabr. Ent. Syst. (1775) 250..; Ent. Syst. emend- ^2, 86, (1792.)
Syst. El. 2, 79.

Cantharis atrata Olivier, Ins. 46, 17, ta'b. 2, fig. 19, (1795£: Harris, Ins. In¬
jurious to Vegetation, 123.

Meloe atra Pallas, Icon. Insect. Ross. p. 99.

Lytta coracina Uliger, Mag. 3, 171. (1804.)

Meloe, nigra Woodhouse, Medical Repository. 3, 213.

Abundantthroughout the Atlantic States and Missouri Territory. The antenna?
are slender.; the outer spur of the posterior tibiae is a little wider than the inner
one, and slightly obtuse.

32. L. convolvuli, atra, confertissime punctata, breviter pubescens,
capite postice obscure sanguineo, thorace longiusculo, elytrorum margine ex-
terno cinerascente. Long. -26.

Cantharis atrata (var. convolvuli) Mels- Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 53.

Pennsylvania : Dr. Melsheimer. This species resembles closely the preceding,
but differs in the gray pubescence and in the form of the thorax, which is here
longer than wide : the antenme are less slender; the spurs of the posterior tibiae
appear to be more slender. The head in my specimen is dull black, very ob¬
scurely sanguineous at the base and on the vertex.

33. L. fissilabris, atra, subtiliter nigro-pubescens, subtiliter punctata,
thorace quadrato, canaliculato, angulis anticis rotundatis, labro profunde emar¬
ginato. Long. *68.

Epieauta fissilabris Le Conte, Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 232.

One specimen : Kakabeka Falls, Lake Superior. This species differs from
C. pensylvanica in being larger and more finely punctured; the antenna? are at¬
tenuated towards the apex, and the spurs of the posterior tibiae are slender, equal
and slightly obtuse. In the form of the body, which is more robust than C. pen-
sylvanica, as well as in the deep emargination of the labrum, it resembles the
next species.

31. L. c i n e r e a, atra, dense cinereo-pubescens, capite postice dilatato, ver'
tice nigro, thorace angustiore subcampanulato, nigro, lateribus vittaque cinereis;
elvtris vix rugosis, subtiliter cinereo-pubescentibus, margine suturaque cinereis,
labro modice emarginato. Long. *4 — *7.

52

840 [June,

Meloe cinereus Forster, Cent. Ins. 62, (1771); Pallas, Tcon. Ins. Ross. 98, tab.
E, fig. 30.

Lytta marginata Fabr. Syst. Ent. (1775), 260 : Syst. Ent. emend. (1792,) 1,
2, 85 : Syst. El. 2, 79.

Cantharis marginata Olivier, 179. Ins. 46, 15, lab. 1, fig. 2 : Harris, Ins. In¬
jurious to Veg. Ill; (ed. 2nda) 121.

Meloe cl ematidis Woodhouse, Medical Repository, 3. 2 13.

Atlantic States; abundant; feeds chiefly upon Clematis. The head of the
female is less dilated behind the eyes, and the antennae are much shorter. The
spurs of the posterior tibiae are as in the preceding species.

I was at first inclined to retain for this species the name under which it is
usually known, though it is not properly the earliest. By the kindness of my
friend Prof. Lacordaire, I have received a transcript of the portion of Pallas’
work which relates to North American Coleoptera, and I there find that the
earlier name was in reality the one current among entomologists of that time.
I therefore must regard the substitution of Fabricius’ later name as an accident,
arising from the wide circulation of his works, and the comparative scarcity of
Forster’s small pamphlet. I do not understand how Fabricius, in his Syst. Ent.
emend., quotes Olivier, whose work bears date on the title page, 1795, and whose
first volume of plates is dated 1808.

35. L. nigritarsis, atra, dense fusco-pubescens, thorace subtransverso,
antice rotundato, subtiliter canaliculato, labro profunde emarginato, pedibus
rufis, genubus tarsisque nigris. Lone;. *6.

Mexican Boundary; collected by Mr. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham. The
body is a little more robust than in the preceding, black, finely and densely
punctured, covered with dense, yellowish brown hair. Head rounded behind,
not dilated behind the eyes ; antennae black, setaceous, joints not closely articu¬
lated; labrum deeply emarginate. Thorax not narrower than the head, a little
wider than long, moderately convex, rounded in front, and finely channeled.
Elytra a little wider than the thorax, convex. Legs rufous, pubescent, like the
"body, knees, tip of the tibiae and tarsi black. Spurs of the posterior tibiae slen¬
der, subacute.

36. L. maculata, atra, dense cinereo-pubescens, elytris guttis rotundatis
denudatis saepe confluentibus conspersis, thorace subquadrato, antennis brevi-
usculis. Long. *27 — *5.

Sav, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 298: Am. Ent. 1,3.

Missouri Territory ; tolerably abundant. The labrum is scarcely emarginate ;
the spurs of the posterior tibiae are very slender and acute. The antennae of the
female are scarcely longer than the head and thorax, and are filiform ; the 2d
and 3d joints are rufous at base ; the maxillary palpi of the male are strongly di¬
lated and compressed.

37. L. conspersa, atra, dense flavo-cinereo-pubescens, elytris punctis
paucis minutis denudatis conspersis, thorace convexiore, antennis elongatis.
Long. *47.

Missouri Territory. This species is so similar to the preceding, that were it
not for the difference in the length of the antennae, they could only be considered
as varieties. The pubescence is slightly tinged with yellow, and is more coarse;
the thorax is a little more convex and more bell-shaped; the antennae in both
sexes are half as long as the body : the black spots are punctiform and much
less numerous. The male, as in the preceding species, has the palpi strongly di¬
lated and compressed.

38. L. v i 1 1 a t a, atra, punctulata subtilius pubescens, capite rufo, nigro bi-
maculato, thorace longiusculo flavo pubescente, nigro bivittato, elytris vix ru-
*.osis luteis vittis duabus latis nigris. Long. *45 — *65.

Kabr. Ent. Syst. 260 ; Ent. Syst. emend. 2, 86 ; Syst. El. 2, 79.

Cantharis vittata Olivier, Ins. 46, 13, tab. 1, fig. 3.

Meloe Chapmavi Woodhouse, Medical Repository 3, 214.

Middle and Western States ; abundant. The thorax is sometimes nearly black;

341

1853 ]

the antennae are slender and setaceous ; the spurs of the posterior tibiae are equal,
narrow and obtuse. The mouth and its organs are black ; the labrum moderately
emarginate ; the feet are black, the thighs rufous at base. Pallas, Icon. Ins.
Ross. tab. E. f. 33, is cited by Olivier under this species, but the reference does
not appear in my manuscript.

39. L. 1 e m n i s c a t a, atra, punctulata, pubescens, capite rufo, nigro bima-
culato, thorace longiusculo, rufo nigro-bivittato, elytris luteis vittis utrinque
tribus nigris, pedibus rufis marginibus nigris. Long. *6 — *7.

Fabr. Sysr. El. 2, 79.

This species replaces the preceding in the Southern States; inform and struc¬
ture it is precisely similar; the antennae are a little shorter, the first joint and
the base of the 2d and 3d are rufous ; the labrum and palpi are rufous ; the outer
margin of the thighs, tibiae and tarsi is black ; the coxae are rufous; the two ex¬
ternal vittae of the elytra are confluent at the humerus.

B— h.*

40. L. strigosa, atra, dense luteo-pubescens, vertice nigro, thorace longi¬
usculo, antice subangustato vittis duabus obsoletis, elytris atris, margine sutura
vittaque luteo pubescentibus, tarsis antennisque atris, his filiformibus, oculis
rotundatis. Long. *37.

Schonherr, Syn. Ins. Appendix, 18.

Middle and Southern States. The outer joints of the antennae are closely ar¬
ticulated ; the eyes are oval, very slightly emarginate, and not transverse, as in
the species of the preceding division. The spurs of the posterior tibiae in the
species of this division are very slender and very acute. The vitta of the elytra
is occasionally obsolete, and sometimes entirely wanting; in the latter case the
pubescence of the thorax is more scanty, so that the specimens have entirely
the appearance of small individuals of L. cinerea Lee. ( Lytta marginata Fabr.)

41. L. ferruginea, atra, densissime luteo-pubescens, thorace longiusculo
antice subangustato, tarsis antennisque nigris, his filiformibus, oculis rotundatis.
Long. *36.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 29S.

Cantharis nigricornis Melsheimer, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 53.

Southern and South-western States; rare. This species is exactly similar in
form and stiucture to the preceding, and only differs in the pubescence being
denser and uniform in color.

B — h.**

42. L. elegans, atra, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, capite thoraceque punc-
tatis, illo puncto verticali rubro, elytris rugosis, vifta utrinque fuiva antice et
postice dilatata, macula laterali pone medium includente, unguiculis parte infe-
riore breviore. Long. -45.

Epicauta elegans Le Conte, Ann. Lyc. 5, 1GJ.

Two specimens; San Diego, California. Body black, thinly covered above
and below with fine cinereous pubescence. Head rounded behind the eyes,
which are oval, convex and scarcely emarginate; punctured, vertex with a small
red spot, front with three faint impressions between the antennae ; antennae
shorter than the head and thorax, very slightly thicker externally, joints closely
articulated, not at all rounded, 3d longer than the 4th. Thorax narrower than
the head, somewhat bell-shap id, narrowed in front, rounded on the sides, disc
punctured, middl-; of the base transversely impressed. Elytra more than twice
as wide as the thorax, convex, sides parallel; rugosely punctured, with a broad
fulvous vitta, covering the whole humerus, and reaching the external margin at
the base, contracted at one third the length of the elytra, then dilated again, and
extending nearly to the tip, and including a lateral black spot at the posterior
fourth ; this spot is connected with the black margin. Tarsi b'ack, claws testa¬
ceous, with the i tferior portion one third shorter than the superior. Spurs of the
posterior tibiae very fine and acute.

The careful study of this species has convinced me that the genus founded by

342 [J une,

rne on the next species is not natural, as the present shews in all its characters
the gradual transition.

43. L. erosa, nigra, supra glabra, capite rufo trisulcato, sulco intermedio
interrupto, thorace nigro inaequali canaliculato, elytris flavin, reticulatis, mar*
gine postice apice fasciaque angusta ad medium nigris, unguiculis parte inferiore
breviore. Long. *8 — *11-

Tegrod?.ra erosa Le Conte, Ann. Lyc. 5, 1-59.

San Diego; in July, abundant. Above entirely glabrous, head rufous, rounded,
flattened on the disc, sparsely punctured at the sides, deeply excavated with
three large furrows, the lateral ones commencing near the antennae, and con¬
verging backwards, the middle one interrupted so as to form two oblong l'oveae.
Labrum slightly emarginate, black, with two large red spots, palpi black. An¬
tennae as long as the head and thorax, cylindrical, third joint not longer than the
fourth; eyes transverse, deeply emarginate. Thorax somewhat oval, narrowed
in front, obsoletely angled on the sides, disc flattened, marked with a few’ larue
punctures, channeled, broadly impressed anteriorly, foveate each side, broadly
excavated at the middle of the base. Scutel black. Elytra broad, sloping ob¬
liquely, so that the sqture is much higher than usual, dull yellow’, coarsely re¬
ticulate; the intervals betw’een the elevated lines are fuscous behind the middle,
where there is a narrow’, transverse, black band, the lateral margin behind this
band is black, W’hich color becomes broader at the apex, and is gradually nar¬
rowed again at the suture* Legs black, tibiae entirely straight, spurs of the
posterior tibiae very slender and acute. Claws of the torsi, with the inferior
part one half as long as the upper part, and closely united w’ith it at the base.

C— i.

44. L. s e g m e n t a t a, nigra, aptera, punctulata, subtil iter dense pubescens,
thorace subcam.panulato, latitudine vix longiore, subcanaliculato, apice et basi
cinereo-ciliato, abdominis segmentis postice coxisque cinereo-marginatis, anten-
narum articulo 2ndo 3io sesqui breviore. Long. *71.

Irytta segment a -Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 303.

Missouri Territory; abundant. The female is more robust than the male,
and has the elytra gradually moderately dilated posteriorly, but the antennae do
not differ perceptibly from those of the male. The spurs of the tibiae are slender
and acute. I have made a. slight alteration in the name given by Say, to render
it grammatical.

This species seems to connect with the genus Henous Halil . The only differ¬
ence to be found is in the elytra not being connate. I am therefore in doubt
about the propriety of continuing Henous as distinct from Lytta.

Several very large specimens (-95 long) were brought from Texas by Lieut.
Haldeman ; at first sight they appear different, the dorsal channel being deeper
posteriorly than in ordinary specimens. The thorax seems to be rather broader
and more quadrate, but 1 cannot find any character upon which to separate them
as a distinct species.

C-4c.

45. L. ochrea, elongata, flavo-testacea, dense luteo-pubescens, thorace
subcampanulato, subtiliter canaliculato, latitudine longiore, antennis nigro-piceis,
articulis subconicis, 2ndo 3io vix breviore, palpis piceis. Long. *65.

One male; New Braunfels, Texas ; collected by Mr. Lindheimer. This species
is similar in form to the next, but its color is not black but testaceous. The
antennae are shorter, being only one third the length of the body ; the joints are
conical, not elongate : the first joint is curved and reaches behind the eyes,
w’hich are more convex and prominent than in the allied species.

4G. L. immaculata, nigra, pumctulata, dense cinereo vel fulvo-pubescens,
thorace subcampanulato, convexo, subcanaliculato, latitudine non longiore,
tarsis antennisque nigris, his articulo 2ndo 3io ajquali. Long. *G1 — ’85.

Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 304.

Lyfita, articularis Say, ibid. 3,304.

1853.]

343

Missouri Territory, Creek Boundary and Texas. Say has given no character
for separating his two species, but suggests that they may be varieties. If he had
possessed the next species, he would immediately have observed the difference in
the form of the thorax. In the female the antennae are but little longer than the
head and thorax, very slender and setaceous, the first joint reaching to the pos¬
terior margin of the eyes. In the male the same organs are half as long as the
body and much stouter, though setaceous ; their first joint reaches beyond the
eye.

47. L. Ion gi coll is, nigra punctulata, dense cinereo, vel luteo-griseo pu-
bescens, thorace subcampanulato, po-tice canaliculato, latitudine sesqui longiore,
elytris macula humerali parva denudata, genubus tarsis antennisque nigris, his
articulo 2ndo 3io subbreviore. Long. *9.

Missouri Territory and Santa Fe. This species is a little more slender than
the last, which it closely resembles; the elongate form of the thorax and the
small denuded humeral spot at once distinguish it. The antennae in the female
are one third the length of the body and setaceous, the first joint reaching a little
behind the eyes which are much narrower than in the preceding. In the male
the antennae are more than half the length of the body and stouter than in the
female ; the first joint extends beyond the base of the head.

48. L. tenuis, valde elongata, nigra, dense einereo-pubesccns, thorace sub-
campanulato, canaliculato, latitudine fere sesqui longiore, tarsis antennisque ni¬
gris, his articulo 2ndo sequentibus tribus aequali, palpis pallidis. Long. *62.

One male; Georgia. This species is easily distinguished from the next by the
pale palpi and the very long second joint of the antennae; these organs are two
thirds the length of the bo;ly ; the first joint extends to the base of the head.
This would be C. unicolor Kirby , were it not for the pale palpi.

49. L. Fabricii, valde elongata, nigra, dense cinereo-pubescens, thorace
subcampanulato, canaliculato, latitudine longiore, tarsis palpis antennisque nigris,
his articulo 2ndo 3io longiore. Long. *45 — .55.

? Lytta cinerea || Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. 119 ; Syst. El. 2, 80.

Cantharis cinerea Harris, Ins. Injurious to Vegetation, 122 : Bost. Journ. Nat.
Hist. 1, 497.

Atlantic States and Missouri Territory ; abundant. The antennae in both sexes
are half the length of the body ; in the female the first joint reaches behind the
eye, and the second joint is one half longer than the third, in the male they are
thicker, the first joint reaching to the base of the head, and the second joint is
twice as long as the third. Fabricius’ description is worthless, and his name
pre-occupied by Forster. C. sericea Olivier, quoted by Fabricius as synonymous,
is described as having the antenna? short, and as being found in Barbary.

One small male (’3 unc. long) from Missouri Territory, differs in having
shorter and stouter antennae, the intermediate joints being scarcely one half
longer than wide, the first only reaches half the distance between the eye and
the back of the head ; a female from the same locality also differs from the type
in having less slender antennae ; these may probably belong to a different species,
but as these characters seems light, I forbear naming it for the present.

50. L. tors a, valde elongata, sat dense tenuiter cinereo pubescens, thorace
subcampanulato latitudine non longiore, canaliculato, tarsis palpis antennisque
nigris, his articulo 2ndo longiore, sequentibus subobconicis. Long. *45.

One male from Texas ; Lieut. Haldeman. In specific characters this comes
very near to the next species, but the pubescence is more abundant, and the
punctuation of the elytra much finer. The sexual characters are very remark¬
able; the first joint of the antennae is as long as the head, thickened,' and sud¬
denly bent at an obtuse angle about the middle, and then slightly curved out¬
ward towards the tip ; the second joint is nearly as long as the three following,
which are triangular; the following joints are gradually narrower to the ex¬
tremity.

From the differences noted under the other allied species, it is probable that
many closely related species are found in different parts of the country, the spe

344 [June,

cifir characters of which cannot be made clear until the sexual variations are
known.

51. L. murina, nigra, distinctius punctata, parcius cinereo-pubescens, tho-
race convexinsculo, campanulato, subcanaliculato, latitudine non longiore,palpis
antennisque nigris, his articu)o2ndo longiore. Long. *4 — *45.

Lake Superior ; two males. Easily distinguished by its more sparse pubes¬
cence ; the thorax is shorter, more convex, and move narrowed anteriorly, and
the upper surface is more distinctly punctured; the antennae are half the length
of the body, the first joint reaching the occiput, the second joint equal to the
two following. With this species I doubtfully associate a female from Mis¬
souri Territory, agreeing in form and punctuation, in which the antennae are a
little stouter than in C. Fabricii, with the second joint about one-third
longer than the chird.

52. C. d e b i 1 i s, valde elongata, atra, punctulata, cinereo-pubescens, thorace
subcampanulato, latitudine longiore, canaliculato, basi profunde foveato, palpis
antennisque nigris, his (feminae) tenuibus, articulo 2ndo 3io longiore. Long. -35.

Two females; New York. This species resembles closely C. Fabricii, but
the thorax is less rounded in front, aud the dorsal channel is deeply transversely
excavated at the base; the antennae are half the length of the body and formed
exactly as in C. Fabricii. The pubescence is less dense than in C. Fabricii,
but more dense than in the last species.

The following species are unknown to me :

53. Cantharis lineata Olivier, Ins. 46, 14, tab. 2, fig.21 , (apparently
resembles C. German).

54. Lytta Afzeliana Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 78. (1S01).

Cantharis sinnata Oliv. Ins. 46, 9, tab. 2, fig. 14. (1795).

55. Ly tta sphse ri c o 1 li s Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 299; Am. Ent.
1,3. A fragment in Dr. Melsheimer’s Collection, belongs to L. filiformis Lee.,
but the disc of the thorax is destroyed, and in other respects it does not agree
with Say’s description.

56. Lytta albida Say, ibid. 3, 305 ; Am. Ent. 1, 3.

57. Lytta reticulata Say, ibid. 3, 305.

58. L y 1 1 a s a n g u i n ic o 1 1 i s, atra, pubescens, capite thoraceque loete
rufis, elytris nigris sutura margine vittaque angusta einereis- Long. *27.

Georgia ; rare. The description is made from a drawing. It is the Epicauta
sanguinicollis of Dejean’s Catalogue.

59. Cantharis unicolor Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 241. Allied lo L.
Fabricii.

60. Meloe trichrus Pallas, Icon. Ins. Ross. 100. tab. E. fig. 32.

Tetraonyx Latr.

1. T. quadrimaculata, laete flava, confertim punctata subtiliter dense
pubescens, capite nigro, elytris confertissime punctulatis, triente postico macu-
Iaque utrinque magna basali quadrata nigris, antennis pedibusque nigris, femo-
ribus flavis apice nigris. Long. ’4.

Latreille, in Cuv. Regne Animal.

Apalas quadrimaculatus Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 50; Syst. El. 2, 25.

Southern States ; rare. The male is distinguished by having the anterior tarsi
dilated, and the first joint prolonged internally.

2. T. fulva, fnlva, nitidiuscula, longius pubescens, minus confertim punc¬
tata, corpore antennisque nigris, pedibus fulvis, genubus tibiarum apice tarsis-
que nigris. Long. *3 — .4.

New Mexico; collected by Fendler. This species is similar to T. frontalis
Chevr. (Col. Mexique,) but is much smaller; the head is entirely fulvous, and
the feet are not black ; the pubescence is less dense, and the punctures of the

1853.]

345

elytra are more distinct and not very dense. The anterior tarsi of the male are
dilated as in the preceding.

Nemognatha III.

Our species are much more numerous than commonly supposed, and from the
strong resemblance in appearance one might be tempted at first to consider
many as mere variations in color. As will be seen in the sequel, however, the
differences are organic, and the species may be grouped in a manner very simi¬
lar to that employed under Lytta. Division (B) seems to correspond with
Kirby’s genus Gnathium , but I can find no character sufficiently important to
entitle it to rank with the other genera of the family.

A. Maxillae valde elongatae.

a. Tibiae posticae calcaribus duobus latis obtusis

b. Tibiae posticae calcari altero crasso obtuso, altero tenui .

c. Tibiae posticae calcaribus duobus tenuibus :

* Calcari externo latiore apice rotundato

** Calcaribus duobus acutis . . . . .

B. Maxillae corpore multo breviores ; ore valde attenuato.

d. Elytra nitida, parce punctata .

e. Elytra scabro-punctata .

Sp. 1.

Sp. 2—5.

Sp. 6—10.
Sp. 11—15.

Sp. 16—17.
Sp. 18—21.

A. — a.

1. N. bicolor, nigra, breviter nigro-villosa, capite thoraceque rufis confer-
tim punctatis, hoc transverso, elytris subtiliter confertim punctatis. Long. *45.

Missouri Territory. Head triangular, rufous, densely and strongly punctured,
villous with short black hair ; clypeus, labrum and organs of the mouth black.
Antennae black, 2d joint two-thirds as long as the 3d. Thorax rufous, wider
than the head, one half wider than long, slightly narrowed in front, sides
straight, angles rounded, disc villous and densely punctured like the head. Seu-
tellum black. Elytra black, more densely and finely punctured than the head
and thorax, and in like manner villous with black hair. Beneath black; spurs
of the posterior tibiae flat and obtuse, the outer one a little broader.

A.— b.

2. N. lurida, luteo-testacea, parce flavo villosa, thorace transverso, confer¬
tim punctato, subcanaliculato, lateribus antice rotundatis, elytris subtilius con¬
fertim punctatis, antennis palpis tibiis tarsisque nigris. Long. *55.

Missouri Territory, on Platte River. Brownish yellow, sparsely clothed with
fine yellow hair. Head triangular, closely punctured, maxillae, palpi and tip of
the mandibles black; antennae black, 2d joint half as long as the 3d. Thorax
one half wider than long, slightly narrowed anteriorly, and rounded on the sides;
closely punctured, obsoletely channeled behind the middle. Scutellum finely
punctured, impressed. Elytra finely and tolerably densely punctured. Beneath
yellow, femora slightly fuscous at tip; tibiae and tarsi almost black; posterior
tibiae with the outer spur thick, cylindrical and concavely truncate at tip ; inner
one very small, flat, rounded at tip.

A specimen from Texas agrees in form with those from Missouri Territory,
but the body is darker beneath, and the hairs of the upper surface are appa¬
rently black; it very evidently does not belong to the next species, from which
it differs both by the form of the thorax and the yellow femora ; the specimen is
so imperfect that I cannot point out any other differences.

3. N. a p i c a 1 i s, luteo-testacea, nigro-villosa, thorace punctato, transverso,
lateribus antice rotundatis, elytris subtilius confertim punctatis, apice nigri-
cantibus, scutello, antennis, palpis, pectore abdominis basi, pedibusque nigris.
Long. -4 — 5.

Two specimens from Benicia, California, and one from Texas, collected by
Mr. Lindheimer. Differs from N- lurida by the black villosity, as well as by
the arrangement of colors ; the thorax is scarcely wider than long, and is more

346 [June,

coarsely punctured ; the elytra are Blackish towards the apex. The spurs of
the posterior tibiae are as in the last species.

Ohe of the California specimens has the abdomen entirely black.

4. N. pall en s, pallide flava, antennis tarsisque nigris, thorace transverso,
parce punctato, lateribus antice rotundatis, elytris minus dense subtilius punc-
tatis breviter fiavo-pubescentibus. Long.- *36.

One specimen from Yallecitas, in the southern part of California. This spe¬
cies is sufficiently distinct by the diagnosis given. I will merely add that the
head is slightly fuscous; the apex of the mandibles and palpi is black; the first
joint of the antennac is yellow*, the rest are black, the 2d is one half the length
of the third: the spurs of the' posterior tibiae* are as in the two preceding.

5. N. 1 u t e a, luteo-testacea; thorace transverso, lateribus antrce rotundatis,
parce punctato; elytris confertim punctatls flavo pubescentibus ; subtus plus
minusve infuscata; antennis tarsisque nigris.- Long. *4 —

Missouri Territory, common. Head triangular, moderately punctured, sparsely
pubescent with yellow hair ; mandibles, palpi and maxillae black ; antennae black,
2d joint two-thirds as long as the third- Thorax transverse, rounded on the
sides anteriorly;' disc polished, very sparsely punctured. Seutellum sometimes
dusky. Elytra densely somewhat rugoseiy punctured, pubescent with short
yellow hair. Body beneath fuscous, anterior and middle Thighs, and tip of the
abdomen yellow ; tarsi black; posterior tibiae with the outer spur less thick
than in the preceding species ; inner spur nearly as long as the outer one, slender,
flattened, rounded at tip.

A: - C*".

6. N. dichroa, supra luteo-testacea, thorace transverso, lateribus antice
rotundatis, parce punctato,- elytris minus subtiliter sat dense punctatis, scutello
antennis corpore subtusy pedibusque nigris, ano luteo. Long. -38.

One specimen from Oregon, Col. M’CaU'. The pubescence has been entirely
removed by alcohol. This species very much resembles the preceding, but the
punctuation of the elytra is coarser, and the legs are entirely black. It forms,
with the next species, a transition between the two groups;; the outer spur of
the posterior tibiae, though cylindrical and obliquely truncate, is very little
thicker than the inner spur.

7. N. dubia, nigra, nigro-pubescens, thorace modice transverso, antice vix
angustato et lateribus rotundato, p&roe punctato, elytris rugose punctatis.
Long. *4.

Variat thorace capiteque laete fulvis.- Long- *35.

Benicia,, two specimens. This species closely resembles the preceding, but
the color is very different, the elytra are more finely punctured, and distinctly
rugous. The specimen having red head and thorax, may eventually prove to be
a distinct species;: the1 thorax is not narrowed anteriorly in it, and therefore ap¬
pears more quadrate. The outer spur of the posterior tibiae is slender, cylin¬
drical, and truncate obliquely-

8. N. pall i at a, nigra,nigro-villosa, supra fulvo-testacea, thorace transverso,
sat dense punctato, antice subangustato-, lateribua rectis, elytris subtilius punc¬
tatis, vitta utrinque lata scutelloque nigris. Long. *5.

One specimen from the upper Mississippi. In the form of the thorax this
species resembles of the preceding only N. bicolor; the apex is, however,
more oblique each side. Body and all the appendages black: above reddish
testaceous, with short black hair: head triangular, not elongated, tolerably
densely punctured ; thorax one half wider than Tong, slightly narrowed anteriorly,
sides not rounded; apex oblique each side, so that the anterior angles although
obtuse and rounded, are distinct : disc moderately punctured, slightly channeled
behind the middle. Seutellum black, punctured. Elytra finely punctured, with
a broad discoidal black vitta reaching from near the base to the apex. Antennae
with the 2d joint three fourths the length of the 3d ; posterior tibiae with the
outer spur flat, a little broader than the inner one, and obtuse.

1853.]

347

9. N. piezata, nigra, nigro-villosa, capitis basi thoracisque lateribus piceo-
testaceis, hoc sat dense punctato, transverse, lateribus rectis, elytris dense sub-
tilius punctatis, vitta utrinque lata nijrra notatis. Long. *4.

Zonitis piezata Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. 104 ; Weber, Obs. Ent. 60, (1801 ;)
Coquebert, lllustr. tab. 29, f. 5.

One specimen, Georgia. The black on the head and thorax fades insensibly
into piceous and testaceous; the anterior portion of the thorax also is testa¬
ceous; the apex is obliquely rounded, so that the anterior angles are very much
less distinct than in the last species; the outer spur of the posterior tibiae is
very little thicker than the inner one, flattened and slightly obtuse.

Without any apparent cause, the name of this species is suppressed in the
Syst. Eleuth. (2, 24,) and Zovitis vittata substituted. Of course under these
circumstances, the latter name is inadmissible.

10. N. t ex an a, luteo-testaeear nrgro-villosa, thorace subtransverso, lateribus
rectis, sat dense punctato, elytris subtilius dense punctatis, antennis tarsisque
nigris, tibiis infuscatis. Long. -4.

One specimen, Texas, Lieut. Hal'deman. This species resembles very much
in appearance those of the preceding- division, but the outer spur of the posterior
ribi* is very little thicker than the' inner ones, flat and slightly obtuse. The
apex of the thorax is rounded, so that the anterior angles are not decidedly
marked ; the apex of the mandibles, the palpi and maxillae are piceous; the 2d
joint of the antennae is three-fourths as long as the third.

A — c**.

11. N. decipiensy supra luteo-testacea, parce nigro-pubescens, thorace
subtransverso, lateribus antice rotundatis, sat dense punctato, elytris confertim
punctatis, scu^ella, antennis, pedibus corporeque subtus nigris; ano testaceo.
Long. *5.

One specimen, Oregon, Col. M’Call. In form and sculpture this species
exactly resembles N. lu r id a, but the color of the scntellum and under surface is
different. The spurs of the posterior tibiae are equal and slender.

12. N. punctulata-, supra luteo-testacea, eapite dense subtiliter punctato,
occipite tumido, thorace transverso, lateribus rectis, parce punctato, elytris sub¬
tilius confertissime punctulatis vitta utrinque lata nigra,' subtus picea, pedibus
flavis, genubus, tarsis, antennisoue nigris. Long. *45 — -55-

Three specimens, Georgia. Very distinct by its densely punctured head, flat¬
tened front, swelled occiput, and finely punctulate elytra. The spurs of the
posterior tibiae are equal, slender and acute.

13. N. nigripennis, laete rufo-testacea,. nigro-villosa, antennis pedibus
elytrisque confertim punctulatis nigris, thorace subtransverso, lateribus antice
rotundatis, sat dense punctato. Long. *3 — *42.

Variat femoribus flavis, apice r.igris.

Santa Fe, Mew Mexico, Mr. Fendler. Body rufo-testaceous, villous with
black hair. Head convex, triangular, densely punctured. Thorax a little wider
than long, sides parallel, rounded in front, disc convex, moderately punctured.
Elytra densely and finely punctured, somewhat rugous, black. Scutellum rufous
or piceous. Antennae black, second joint scarcely one half as long as the third ; tip
of mandibles, palpi and maxillae piceous. Legs piceous black, in one specimen
the femora are yellow with the apex black; spurs of the posterior tibiae slender,
acute and equal.

14. N. s c u t el 1 ar i s, nigra, parce nigro-pilosa, supia lutea, eapite thorace-
que minus dense grosse punctatis, hoc transverso, lateribus non rotundato, elytris
rugosis vix obsolete punctatis, margin-e postice scutelloque nigris. Long. -28.

One specimen, collected at Sacramento, California, by Mr. J. Child, and given
me by Mr. S. S. Rathvon. Body black, above luteous, thinly clothed with black
hair. Head triangular, piceous, with a large luteous occipital spot; coarsely
punctured; antennas with the 2d joint only one third as long as the 3d; thorax
luteous, nearly twice as wide as long, sides parallel, disc coarsely punctured;

348

[J UNE,

scutellum black; elytra luteous, irregularly rugose, with scarcely any appear¬
ance of punctures; margin posteriorly and at the apex blackish. Spurs of the
posterior tibiae very slender and acute. Maxillae about half the length of the
body.

15. N. nemorensis, nigra, villosa, capite medio, mandibularumque basi
testaceis, thorace transverso, postice subangustato, confertim punctato, flavo,
fusco bi- vel tri-guttato ; elytris subtiliter punctulatis. Long. *25.

Hentz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 3, 258.

JY. bimaculata, Mels. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 54.

Alabama and New York, rare. For a variety from the Hentz collection, with¬
out thoracic spots, I am indebted to S. S. Haldeman. This species establishes a
passage to the next division of the genus. The maxillae are only half as long as
the body, as in the preceding species, and the head is shorter than usual, as in
N. p a 1 1 i a t a ; the 2d joint of the antennae is half as long as the 3d.

B — d.

16. N. cribraria, nigra nitida, parce nigro-villosa, capite parce punctato,
gutta frontali testacea, thorace transverso, lateribus antice rotundatis, parce
punctato, flavo, fusco binotato, elytris flavis, parce grosse punctatis, macula
apicali scutelloque nigris, abdomine testaceo. Long. *27.

One specimen, ISta. Fe, Mr. Fendler. Head elongated, with the mouth
strongly produced; fuscous or blackish, strongly punctured, vertex testaceous;
antennae with the 2d joist very small; maxillae about half the length of the
body. Thorax yellow, one half wider than long, sides parallel, anteriorly
rounded, disc sparsely punctured, with two fuscous spots towards the base.
Scutellum black. Elytra shining yellow, sparsely and coarsely punctured,
punctures becoming smaller towards the apex ; bright yellow7, with a large apical
bjack spot; thinly clothed with short black hair. Beneath black, abdomen tes¬
taceous, with the base fuscous. Posterior tibiae with both spurs very slender
and acute.

17. N. imraaculata, virescenti-flava, nitida, glabra, thorace quadrato, non
transverso, angulis anticis rotundatis, vix punctato, elytris parce cribroso-punc-
tatis, antennis genubus tarsisque nigris. Long. *4.

Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 22. Am. Ent. pi. 3.

Two specimens, Sta. Fe. Mr. Fendler. The maxillae in this species are only
one fourth as long as the body; the second joint of the antennae is more than
half as long as the third; the first is indistinctly testaceous. The spurs of the
posterior tibiae are small and acute.

B.— e.

IS. N. vittigera, testacea, parce flavo-pubescens, thorace vix transverso,
confertim punctato, lateribus parallelis antice rotundatis, elytris eonfluenter
punctatis, vitta utrinque dilatata infuscata, antennis, palpis, genubus, tibiis
tarsisque nigris. Long. *4.

One specimen, Georgia. Body testaceous, wdth a few yellow hairs. Head
densely punctured, triangular, mouth elongated, palpi and maxillae blackish, the
latter about one fourth as long as the body ; last joint of the palpi nearly twice
as long as the penultimate. Antennae black, second joint about half as long as
the third. Thorax scarcely w-ider than long, sides almost straight, apex rounded,
so as to include a small portion of the sides; disc densely punctured. Elytra
scabrous with confluent punctures, each with a broad browmish vitta extending
from near the base to the apex. Beneath testaceous, knees, tibiae and tarsi
black ; spurs of the posterior tibiae short, the outer one broad, obtuse and
rounded, the inner one narrower, but also obtuse.

19. N. c r i b r i c o 1 1 i s, testacea, vix pubescens, thorace subtransverso,
lateribus rotundatis, confertim eribroso, elytris eonfluenter punctatis, antennis
tarsisque nigris, tibiis versus apicem infuscatis. Long. *28.

One specimen, Texas, Lieut. Haldeman. Sufficiently distinct by the strongly
and densely punctured thorax. The antennae and tibial spurs as in the last spe-

1853.]

349'

cies ; the maxillce are not longer than the head ; the mouth is very much pro¬
longed, and the last joint of the maxillary palpi longer than the preceding.

20. N. porosa, testacea, vix pubescens, thorace subtransverso, lateribus
rotundatis, parce grosse punctato, elytris confluenter punctatis, antennis nigris,
tibiis tarsisque fuscis. Long. *24 — *29.

Two specimens, Georgia ; in one of them the elytra are brownish, leaving
only a narrow marginal suture and base testaceous. In structure and color
resembles exactly the last species, but differs in the sparse punctuation of the
thorax.

21. N. f u s c i pe n n i s, fusca, capite thoraceque testaceis, dense minus subtili-
ter punctatis, hoc rotundato, elytris confluenter punctatis, antennis nigris, femori-
bus plus minusve testaceis. Long. *19 — *27.

St. Louis, Missouri, Dr. Engelman. This species also, in the form of an¬
tennae, palpi, maxillae and tibial spurs resembles the two preceding, but differs
in the form of the thorax, which is nearly round ; the abdomen and thighs vary
in color, being sometimes testaceous and sometimes fuscous.

The following species are unknown to me :

22. N. minima Say , Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 3, 306.

23. N. calceolata Guerin, Icon. Regne An. 136. “ Reddish, finely granu¬
late, antennae, eyes, palpi, tip of mandibles, maxillae, base of femora, tibiae and
tarsi black. Long. 10 mill.; lat. 3£ mill.” This may probably be allied to N.
1 u r i d a Lee ., but as no essential character is expressed in the description, it is
impossible to recognise the species.

24. Gnathium Francilloni Kirby, Linn. Tr. 12, 424, tab. 22, fig. 6.
The genus is said to have the mandibles elongated, and the antennae thickened ex¬
ternally ; the first character is possessed by all the species of Nemognatha in
(B — e) ; the second character I have not observed in any species.

Zonitjs Fabr .

1. Z. atripennis, laete flavo-testacea nitida, thorace non transverso, late¬
ribus antice rotundatis, minus dense punctato, elytris nigris brevissime pubes-
centibus grosse parce punctatis, pectore tibiisque infuscatis, antennis tarsisque
nigris. Long. *25 — ’43.

JVemognatha atripennis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 306.

Missouri Territory and Santa Fe. The mouth is more prolonged than in the
other species, but the maxillae are destitute of the thread-like extension found in
Nemognatha. The second joint of the antennae is equal to the first, and shorter
than the third. The spurs of the posterior tibiae are slender, the outer one a
little longer and obtuse.

2. Z. fl a vi da, flava, nitida, thorace non transverso, lateribus antice rotun¬
dato, minus dense punctato, elytris brevissime pubescentibus parcius grosse
punctatis, tibiarum apice, genubus tarsisque fuscis, antennis nigris. Long. *4.

Santa Fe, New Mexico. Mr. Fendler. In form and sculpture resembles the
preceding. One specimen has a large black blotch at the apex of the elytra. It
is possible that a larger series of specimens may prove the necessity of uniting
this with the preceding species.

3. Z. biline at a, testacea, thorace subtransverso, quadrato, angulis rotun¬
datis, parce punctato, elytris rugose punctatis, pallidis, vitta utrinque fusca, saepe
obsoleta, pectore, tibiis, scutelloque plus minusve infuscatis, antennis nigris.
Long. *3 — *35,

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1,22.

Z. lineata Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 53.

Z . mandibularis Mels. ib.

Middle and Western States, rare. I procured a fine series of this species at
Fort Snelling, Minnesota. The elytral vitta is slightly abbreviated at base and
apex ; it is sometimes very broad. The under surface is sometimes uniform tes-

350

[June,

taceous; the pectus, the knees and the tips of the tibiae are usually fuscous; the
tarsi are always testaceous ; the scutellum is occasionally nearly black. The
tips of the mandibles and the antennae are black ; the second joint of the latter
is half as long as the third.

Horia Fabr.

H. sanguinipennis, elongato-oblonga, aptera, atra, nigro-pubescens, sca-
bro-punctata, antennis capite thoraceque plus sesqui longioribus, elytris pallide
sanguineis, humeris obsoletis. Long. *3 — *35.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 279.

Massachusetts; Dr. Harris. Found in sandy places in early spring. The
ventral segments of one sex (female ?) are furnished in the middle with a broad
black velvety patch of hair ; in the other sex this is wanting.

2. H. Stansburii, elongata, atra, alata, nigro-pubescens, scabro-punctata,
antennis capite thoraceque vix longioribus, versus apicem attenuatis, elytris san-
guineis, fortius punctatis, humeris distinctis. Long. *39 — *5

Haldeman, Stansbury’s Expedition to Great Salt Lake, 377.

Two specimens brought from Utah by Capt. Stansbury. For an opportunity
of examining them I am indebted to Prof. Haldeman.

Although so different in form from the preceding, this species exhibits a re¬
markable parallelism of structure. In the head and thorax there is absolutely
no difference to be perceived. The antennas are shorter and much more attenu¬
ated externally ; the body being provided with wings, the humeri become pro¬
minent, while in the preceding apterous species they are obsolete, or very
broadly rounded. The larger specimen has a round patch of black velvety hair
on the middle of each ventral segment of the abdomen.

Cephaloon Newman.

I. C. lepturides, valde elongatum, utrinque attenuatum, subtiliter punctu-
latum et pubescens, testaceum vel fuscum, thoraee plus minus fusco variegato,
lateribus subsinuatim rotundatis, angulis posticis prominulis, antennis pedibusque
testaceis, psdibus posticis plus minus infuscatis. Long. -36 — -4.

Newman, Erit. Mag. 5, 377 ; Hald. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser., 1, 95.

Lake Superior, no-t rare. This species varies very much, some of the speci¬
mens being very dark fuscous ; the head and thorax are, however, always varied
with testaceous ; the sides of the thorax are slightly sinuous from the prominence
of the posterior angles.

Although considered by Newman as belonging to the CEdemeridae, this
singular genus seems to me better placed as an anomalous genus of the Cantha-
r id-je. The appendages between the claws of the tarsi are not found in (Edeme-
ridae, while in this tribe they have their analogues in Zonitis, Horia and Nemog-
natha, though in the present genus they are much larger and obtuse; the
mandibles are slender and acute at the apex, as in the genera just mentioned.

2. C. v a r i a n s, valde elongatum, utrinque attenuatum, subtiliter punctulatum,
et pubescens, fuscum, antennis pedibusque testaceis, thoraee lateribus late rotun¬
datis, angulis posticis non prominulis. Long. *35.

Haldeman, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d, 1, 95.

One specimen from Maine, Mr. Brevoort. This species only differs from
the dark colored varieties of the preceding by having the posterior angles of the
t-.orax less prominent, so that the sides are not sinuate; the head and thorax are
entirely fuscous above, and testaceous beneath.

Synopsis of the Atopida. Rhipiceridce and Cyplionidce of the Uni ted States.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

A large mass of pentarnerous serricorn Coleoptera may be distinguished by
having the anterior coxas inserted in deep acetabula between the pro- and meso-
stemum, and the prosternum although sometimes very narrow, entirely cor¬
neous. The abdomen has live visible ventral segments, except in Cebrionidas,

1853.]

Sol

where the 5th is truncate and the Gth exserted. This portion may be divided
as follows :

A. Coxae anticae globosoe.

Abdomen articulis 2 primis connatis ..... Buprestidoe.

Abdomen articulis omnibus liberis, 5to rotundato . . Elateridne.

Abdomen articulis omnibus liberis, 5to truncato . . . Cebrionidae.

B. Coxae anticae magnae transversoe.

Coxae anticae transversoe, trochantino magno . • . Atopidae.

Coxae anticae conicae, prosterno brevi, mesosterno protenso . Rhipicei idae.

Coxae anticae conicae, prosterno integro, mesosterno simplici . Cyphonida*.

The first two families under (A.) are very extensive, and must form the sub¬
ject of special essays. In the Elateridoe I include both Eucnemides and Thros-
cites, as those groups do not appear sufficiently distinct to rank as families.
There are also strong reasons for considering the Cebrionidae as a group of the
same value. In them the anterior acetabula are more confined to the prothorax _
than in the remaining three families, which are small in extent, and will be now
considered.

Atopid/e.

Coleoptera pentamera^ antennis s^rratis, 11-artieulatis, artvculo 2do brevi ;
ligula quadrifida ; coxis anticis transversis non prominulis, troehantino magno,
consp cuo, in acetabulis e prosterno et mesosterno cornpositis pro unde insertis ;
prosterno corneo, postice prolongato ; mesosterno concave; abdomine segmentis
5 ventrallbus liberis; tarsis articulo lmo 5toque eiongatis, hoc paranychio
parvo bisetoso.

1. Tarsi elongati simplices, ungues integri..

Antennae approximatae, fronte elongata angusta, clypeo

nullo .......... Ectopria Lee.

Antennae distantes ; palpi maxillares cylindrici . . Stenocolus Ler.

Antenn e distantes ; palpi maxillares dilatati . Anchytaisus Gtttr.

2. Tarsi elongati, ungues serrati . Odontonyx Guer.

3. Tarsi aiticulis intermediis dilatatis, ungues integri.

Antennae distantes, art. tarsorum 1 — 4 subtus lobatis . Dascillus Latr.

Antennae approximatae, art. tarsorum 2 — 4breviter lobatis Eurea Lee.

Stenocolus, Anchytarsus, Dascillus and Odontonyx are sufficiently explained

at p. 229 of the present volume. I must add, however,

1. To the synonyms of Anchytarsus bicolor, must be placed Eiortes dehilis
Ziegler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 269.

2. To Odontonyx ornata G/eer., Schaum refers Dasytes trivittis Germar,
Ins. Nov. 76. The species must therefore be called Odontonyx trivittis
Srhawm , (Bericht. Entom. 1849.)

Ectopria Lee.

Antennae basi approximatae, elongatae, articulo lmo crasso, 2 et 3 minutis,
4 — 10 triangularibus, gradatim subangustioribus, llmo ovali. Frons angusta,
elongata; labrum rotundatum, mandibulas obtegens ; palpi filiformes, maxillares
elongati, labiales breviusculi. Pedes tenues, tarsi filiformes, articulis lmo et 5to
eiongatis, intermediis coniunctis aequalibus, his gradatim paulo brevioribus,
ungues parvi simplices; tibiae calcaribus apicalibus obmletis.

The body is shoit, convex, narrowed in front; the thorax is transverse and
trapezoidal, with all the angles acute ; the prosternum is produced posteriorly,
and the mesosternum is concave. The species live on bushes near water.

1. E. thoracic a, atra, subtiliter pubescens, thoracis lateribus tarsisque
fin vis. Long. *15.

Eubria thoracira Ziegler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 269.

Georgia and Pennsylvania, on plants near water. This very pretty little
insect continues still farther the affinity between Atopidae and Parnidae, referred
ta under Stenocolus (p. 2'29.) To the genus Eurypalpus Lee. it shows strong

352

[June,

resemblance in general form, and to some extent in details of structure, but
differs in the number of abdominal segments, and in the form of the head, as
well as in the elongation of the first tarsal joint.

In the male the antennae are larger and almost pectinate, and the sides of the
thorax are sinuate ; in the female the antennae are strongly serrate, and the sides
of the thorax are broadly rounded.

2. E. t i b i al is, atro-fusca, subtiliter pubescens, thoracis lateribus obsolete
piceo-testaceis, tibiis tarsisque flavis. Long. *15.

Pennsylvania, Dr. Melsheimer. This species is very similar to the preceding ;
it is, however, more dilated posteriorly, and the depression each side at the base
of the thorax is less deep. The sides of the thorax above and beneath, and the
tip of the abdomen, are indistinctly testaceous ; the tibiae and tarsi are pale
yellow, while in the preceding, as in the next species, the tibiae are black. The
sides of the thorax in the male are nearly straight, in the female they are broadly
rounded.

3. E. tarsal is, atra subtiliter pubescens postice minus dilatata, thorace
postice utrinque latius profunde impresso, margine tenui antico, tibiarum basi
tarsisque testaceis. Long. *15.

One specimen, Georgia. This species is more oblong than either of the others.
The sides of the thorax are slightly rounded towards the base, and not at all
testaceous ; the anterior margin is narrowly bordered with testaceous ; the basal
impressions are large and deep, so that the whole region of the anterior angles
appears depressed ; the elytra, as in the two preceding species, are coarsely, not
deeply punctured ; at the base they are a little wider than the base of the thorax ;
posteriorly they are about one fifth wider than at the base ; the legs are black,
the base of the tibiae and the tarsi testaceous ; the prosternum is pale tes¬
taceous.

Eurea Lee.

Antennae basi approximatae, articulo Imo cylindrico 2do (2 et 3 ?) parvo ro-
tuudato, sequentibus longioribus triangularibus. Frons angusta deflexa, apice
emarginata. Labrum rotundatum, mandibulas obtegens; palpi filiformes, maxil-
lares elongati. Pedes tenues, tibiarum calcaribus obsoletis ; tarsi articulo lmo
elongato, 2—4 brevibus, subtus breviter lobatis, unguiculari praecedentibus
tribus aequali, unguibus parvis, integris.

The body is very broad, subquadrate and moderately convex; the thorax
very short, strongly narrowed in front, with the angles acute, and the sides
broadly rounded. The head is small and deflexed, the eyes entire ; the proster¬
num is posteriorly produced, and rounded at the extremity, the mesosternum is
scarcely concave.

E. nervosa, atra, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens, scutello, elytrorumque lineis
paucis subreticulatis distinctius cinereis, prosterno testaceo, tarsis flavis. Long.
•17; lat. *11.

Eubria? nervosa, Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc» 2,222.

Pennsylvania ; a typical specimen of this very rare insect was given me by
Dr. Melsheimer. The antennee are, unfortunately, broken, so that, not know¬
ing the number of long joints, I cannot determine whether the small round mass
following the basal joint should be considered as a single joint, or two joints
closely united.

RiIIPICERIDjE.

Coleoptera pentamera, antennis flabellatis, rarius serratis, sub frontis margine
ante oculos insertis, coxis anticis conicis, prominulis, acetabulis inter pro- et meso¬
sternum receptis, prosterno corneo, inter coxas angusto, abbreviato, ad meso¬
sternum antice extensum applicatum ; abdomine segmentis ventralibus 5 liberis;
larsis articulo ultimo elongato, paranychio magno, dense setoso.

Of this little family we have but two genera within our limits; in both of
them the antennaj are 11-jointed. In Sandalus- the joints of the tarsi are lobed

1853.]

353

beneath, in Zenoa they are without lobes. Zenoa is also remarkable for its pro¬
tuberant front, and less exserted mandibles.

Cyphonidje.

Coleoptera pentamera, antennis 11-articulatis, rarius biramosis, minus approxi- *
matis ; ligula emarginata coxis anticis conicis prominulis, acetabulis inter pro- et
mesosternum receptis ; prosterno corneo, inter coxas angustissimo, non abbre¬
viate; mesosterno nec concavo, nec protenso ; abdomine segmentis ventralibus
.5 liberis; coxis posticis plus minusve larr inatis ; tarsi articulo 4to praecipue
bilobato, ultimo brevi, unguibus parvis integ’is.

A. Tarsi articulo 4to bilobo :

Tarsi omnes articulo 3io distincto ; (thorax non clypeatus.)

Tibiae calcaribus obsoletis ..... Helodes Latr.

Tibiae calcaribus elongatis armatoe .... Scirtes Illiger .

Tarsi postici articulo 3io vix distincto; (thorax cly¬
peatus) . Sacodes Lee.

B. Tarsi filiiormes, tibiae calcaratae .... Eucinetus Sckupp .

Helodes Latr. (Elodes,) 1796.

Cyphon Fabr. 1798.

From the genus as defined by Guerin in his very beautiful monograph, con¬
tained in the “ Species et lconographie generique des Animaux Articules,” I
have removed certain species having the thorax extended over the head, to form
a new genus Sacodes. The remaining species may be grouped in the following
manner : i

a. Antennae articulo lmo dilatato, 2 et 3io parvis, hoc minu-

tissimo . . Sp. 1.

b. Antennae articulis 2 et 3 parvis, illo maiore . . . Sp. 2 — 4.

c. Antennae articulis 2 et 3 sequentibus paulo brevioribus . Sp. 5 — 12.

1. H. disco idea, oblongo-ovalis, modice convexa, rufo-flava, pubescens,
elytris dense punctatis macula maxima nigra communi notatis. Long. *16 — *18.

Guerin, Spec, et Icon. An. Art. No. 9, p. 9.

Cyphon discoidus Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 161.

Georgia, Pennsylvania and Missouri. The antennae of the male are biramose,
the third and following joints being furnished with two long cylindrical basal
processes. The suture of the elytra is frequently yellow, so as to divide the
large black spot. The male is very rare; the only specimen seen by me was
kindly given me by Dr. Melsheimer.

b.

2. H. cone inn a, elongato-ovalis, minus convexa, nigra, tenuiter griseo-
pubescens, thorace punctulato, elytris dense punctatis, laete rufis, basi trienteque
postico nigris. Long. 16.

San Francisco, California, June. Body oblong, very distinctly convex,
rounded at each end, black, sparsely pubescent. Head scarcely punctured ;
antennae half as long as the body, entirely black, 2d and 3d joints nearly equal,
together scarcely two thirds the length of the 4th joint. Thorax nearly three
times wider than long, emarginate in front, very slightly rounded on the sides,
broadly rounded at the base, surface finely punctulate. Elytra one third wider
than the thorax, almost parallel, tolerably densely punctured, with very faint
traces of two lines; black, with a very broad transverse red band, extending
from near the ba«e to within. one third of the apex, and being a little dilated
towards the suture ; epipleurae, under surface and feet black.

3. H. ruficollis, oblongo-elongata, atra pubescens, thorace subtilissime
punctulato, rufo saepe nigro notato, vel nigro elytris densius punctatis, obsoletis-
sime tricostatis, tibiis tarsisque testaceis, antennis basi plus minusve testaceis,
articulis 2 et 3io coniunctis 4to duplo brevioribus. Long. *15.

354

[Ju.\E,

Limpyri * rvfiro ?h'<t Say, Tourn. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 1C2.

Elodes fragilis Ziegler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 2U9.

Elodes murgiuicollis Guerin, Spec, et Icon. An. Art. No. 9, p. 3.

Middle and Southern States : two specimens from Missouri Territory have the
fee" entirely rufous, but otherwise do not differ. One specimen with entirely
black thorax was found by me in Georgia; lam strongly inclined to believe
that this Icfsl variety is H. oblonga Guerin, which, however, is said to have the
3d joint of the antennae less than half the size of the secund. Where both the
second and third joints are small, it is difficult to determine their relative pro¬
portions, and on this account too great reliance should not be placed on the cha¬
racters given by Guerin in his division of the genus into groups.

It is certain that this insect must bj Say’s Lump. rv.Jicollis , as we have no
other that will agree with his description ; from H. collaris and bicolor it differs
in having the thorax always slightly dusky in front ; Say’s observation that the
species has not the power of giving light, added to the fact that the thorax is not
produced over the head, point conclusively to the present genus.

4. H. p a 1 1 i p e s, oblongo-ovalis, atra nitida fere hispido-pubescens, thorace
parvo, vix punctulato, elytris minus dense punctatis, obsolete sat distincfe tri-
costatis, pedibus, antennisque flavis, his articulis 2 et 3 coniunctis 4to vix bre-
vioribus. Long. *11.

Common in the Southern States, and occasionally found at New York. This
species is very distinct from those of the following division, which it resembles
in form ; I cannot, therefore, consider it as II. c o a r c t a t a Guerin. The third
joint of the antennas is thinner, but not shorter than the second.; the sides ot the
thorax are rounded and very finely margined.

c.

5. LI. fuse keeps, oblongo-ovalis, nigro-picea, dense ‘hispide pubescens,
antennarum basi, pedibus, thorace elytrisque pallidioribus, his dense punctatis,
minime costatis, thorace subtiliter punctulato, lateribus subtiliter marginato,
antennarum articulis 2 et 3 coniunctis 4to longioribus. Long. -12.

Guerin, Spec, et Icon. An. Art. No. 9, p. 15.

Cyphou fusciceps Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 245.

One specimen from Lake Superior and another from New York. Body above
luteo-testaceous, tcflerably densely clothed with subereet grayish hair. Head
nearly black, densely punctulato; antennre black, four basal joints testaceous,
2d joint equal in length but thicker than the 3d ; together tlhey are a little longer
than the 4th. Thorax short, very transverse, very finely punctulate, sides
rounded very finely margined, not concave. Klytra densely, tolerably finely
punctulate, without any trace of raised lines. Body beneath blackish, subseri-
ceous with brown hair ; feet testaceous.

On examining a series of specimens, which I considered as belonging to LI.
variabilis Guer ., I find differences which appear to have been heretofore
overlooked, and which seem sufficient for the definition of several species. As
these characters, which are derived from the thorax and from the nature of the
pubescence, are not alluded to in previous descriptions, 'I cannot be certain of the
identity of any of our native species with those of Europe.

0. H. p i c e a, oblongo-ovalis picea, bre viter griseo-pubescens, thorace punc-
tulato, lateribus rotundato, subtiliter marginato, leviter concavo, elytris dense
punctatis, minime costatis, antennis basi testaceis, articulis 2 et3 coniunctis 4to
longioribus, pedibus testaceis femoribus obscuris. Long. *10.

One specimen, Lake Superior. This species is similar to the preceding, but
the pubescence is shorter and scarcely er^et. The thorax is more densely
punctulate, and the sides are reflexed, so as to cause a slight concavity along the
margin. The antennae are as in the preceding, but the second joint appears
somewhat thicker.

7. H. punctata, oblongo-ovalis, picea, degse subhispide griseo-pubescen“,
capite thoraceque valde punctulatis, hoc lateribus distincte punctulatis, elytris

1853.]

355

dense punctatis, vix obsoletissime tricostatis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus
infuscatis, antennis basi testaceis, articulis 2 et 3 coniunctis 4to longioribus.
Long. *11.

South Carolina and New York. Dr. Zimmerman. Piceous, densely covered
with moderately long, slightly erect yellowish hair. Head densely punetulate ;
antennae with the basal joints testaceous, the 2d and 3d nearly equal in length
and thickness, together they are longer than the fourth. Thorax very short,
densely punetulate, sides margined, scarcely rounded except at the angles.
Elytra densely punctured, with very faint traces of three elevated lines. Be¬
neath piceous, with the legs paler and femora somewhat obscure.

8. H. nebulosa, oblongo-ovalis, nigro-picea, parcius griseo-pubescens,
capite punctulato, thorace obsolete punctulato, lateribus vix rotundatis, subcon-
cavis, elytris dense punctatis, testaceis, macula scutellari, sutura postice, mar-
gineque late infuscatis, antennis fuscis basi pallidis, 2 et 3 aequalibus, coniunctis
4to longioribus, pedibus testaceis, femoribus infuscatis. Long. *10 — *11.

Abundant in the Northern and Middle States. This species is readily distin¬
guished by the punctuation of the thorax being less obvious than that of the
head, and by the peculiar marking of the elytra, which are punctured as in the
three preceding species, and entirely destitute of raised lines. It cannot be H.
pa d i of Europe, as the 3d joint of the antennae is equal in size and thickness
to the 2d. If Guerin did not describe the head of II. o b s c u ra as smooth, I
should refer my specimens to that species.

9. H. modest a, oblongo-ovalis, rufo-testacea, dense pubescens, thorace
capiteque subtilius punctulatis, illo lateribus distincte marginatis, elytris dense
punctatis, antennarum articulis 2 et 3 aequalibus, 4fo coniunctis longioribus.
Long. *09.

South Carolina, Dr. Zimmerman. This species resembles the two preceding,
but is smaller; the head and thorax are equally finely punetulate; the antenna;
have the 3d joint as long and as thick as the 2d. The side margin of the thorax
is distinct and slightly reflexed.

10. H. p u s i 1 1 a, ovalis, nigro-picea, griseo-pubescens, capite thoraceque
punctulatis, hoc lateribus fere rectis, distincte marginatis, elytris sat dense
punctatis, macula apicali laete flava, pedibus testaceis, femoribus infuscatis,
antennarum basi flava, articulis 2 et 3 coniunctis 4to longioribus, illo crassiore.
Long. *08.

Two specimens, Indiana, near Evansville. This species is more regularly
oval than any of those above described ; the antennae are as in H. fusciceps and
picea — that is, the 2d joint is evidently thicker than the 3d.

11. H. collaris, elongato-oblonga, atra nitida, parce pubescens, thorace
rufo, vix punctulato, lateribus subrotundatis, reflexis, elytris minus dense punc¬
tatis, minime costatis, antennarum articulis 2 et 3 testaceis, aequalibus, 4to
coniunctis longioribus, tibiis tarsisque piceis. Long. ‘16.

Guerin, Spec, et Icon. An. Art. No. 9, p. 4.

Georgia, three specimens. Very distinct from H. ruficollis, not only by the
form of the antennae and thorax, but by the coarser punctuation of the elytra.
The thorax is entirely bright yellow, without any tendency to become dark in
the middie. The third joint of the antennae is not thinner than the second.

12. H. bi color, elongato-oblonga, atra nitida, parce pubescens, thorace
rufo, parce punctulato, lateribus subrotundatis, latius reflexis, elytris minus

‘ dense punctatis, minime costatis, antennis basi flavis, articulis 2 et 3 aequalibus,
4to coniunctis longioribus, pedibus flavis. Long. ‘1.5.

Two specimens, from Georgia. Resembles the preceding, but at first sight
distinguished by the yellow feet.

The two following I cannot identify:

H. obscura Guerin, Spec, et Icon. An. Art. No. 9, p. 4, and H. o b 1 o n ga
Guer. ib. 13. Fresh evidence is required before the European H. variabilis and

53

356 [June,

H. coarctata can be admitted into our fauna, into which they have been intro¬
duced by Guerin.

SciRTES III .

1. S. t ibi a 1 is, late ovalis, niger, subtilitev pubescens, capite thoraceque vix
punctulatis, elytris dense punctulatis, antennis, tibiis tarsisque testaceis, illis
versus apicem fuscis. Long. *13.

Guerin, Spec, et Icon. An. Art. No. 3, p. 3.

jS. sohtitialis Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 223.

Georgia, New York, Lake Superior.

2. S. lateralis, late ovalis niger nitidus, subtilissime pubescens, thorace
subtil iter punctulato, lateribus late flavis, elytris sat dense punctatis, sutura ad
medium rufa, antennis tibiis tarsisque testaceis. Long. *13 — ’10.

S. autvralis || Ziegler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 44.

Pennsylvania, Georgia and Missouri Territory. This insect is most probably
S. orbiculatus Guer. ( Cyphon orbiculatus Fabr. Syst. El. 1,503), but as the
description of that species gives the feet as ferruginous, a new examination of
the typical specimens is required before the synonymy can be established.

S. suturalis Guer. (p. 3,) is unknown to me ; it corresponds with S.
lateralis, except the thorax is entirely black.

S. californicus Motsch. (Bull. Mosc. 1844, part 1, p. 35) is unknown to
me. His classical description reads as follows :

“ Snbovatus, convexus, nigro-castaneus slaber, ore, antennis, pedibusque
anteriores testaceis, pedibus posteriores nigro-fuscis ; femoribus incrassatis.”
Long. 11 lin.

Sacodes Lee.

Palpi maxillares longiusculi, articulo ultimo acuto ; labiales breves articulo
pennltimo maiore ovali, ultimo laterali, parvo. Antennae subserratae, aiticulis
2 !o et 3io parvis (hoc minore), 4to reliquis longiore ; tibiae calcaribus obsoletis ;
pedes postici non saltatorii, tarsi postici articulo 3io minuto vix conspicuo.

The body in this genus is regularly elliptical, and moderately convex ; the
thorax is semicircular, produced over the head, and strongly reflexed at the
margin.

1. S. pu 1 che 1 1 a, longius elliptica, flava, tenuiter pubescens, elytris sat
dense punctatis, macula utrinque basali, alteraque maxima posteriore nigris,
.capite antennisque fuscis, his basi flavis. Long. T2 — 15.

E tod's pulckella Guerin, Spec, et Icon. An. Art. No. 9, p. 13.

Middle, Southern and Western States. The posterior spots are very large,
extending in front of the middle of the elytra; varieties occur in w’hich they are
*o much extended as to become confluent on each elytron with the basal spot.

2. S. fuscipenni s, testaceo-flava, tenuiter pubescens, thorace medio sub-
infuscato; elytris dense subtilius punctatis, fusco piceis. Long. ’18.

Elodes fuscipennis Guerin, Sp. et Icon. An. Art. No. 9, p. 9.

Nyrteus ? thoracicus Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 222.

Pennsylvania: a typical specimen from Dr. Melsheimer.

3. S. t h o r a c i c a, latius elliptica, niera, parce tenuiter pubescens, thorac •
fiavo, scutello elytrisque nigris, minus subtil iter punctatis, antennis pedibusqui
flavis, femoribus plus minusve infuscatis. Long. T1 — 13.

Elodes thoracica Guerin, Spec, et Icon. An. Art. No. 9, p. 14.

Pennsylvania and Georgia.

F.ucinetus Scknppel .

1. E. i n f u-m a t u s, piceus, fusco-pubescens, elongato-ovalis, utrinque rot :n-
datus, elytris dense scabro-punctatis, vix obsoletissime striatis, ore elonga'o,
pedibus antennisque basi testaceis, his articulo 3io brevi. Long. *16.

San Francisco, California, February, under bark. This is the largest species

1853.]

357

of the genus yet discovered. It is more regularly and obtusely rounded poste¬
riorly than the other species. The head is more prolonged, and the third jo.nt
of the antennae is only half as long as the fourth. The thorax is half as wide as
the m:ddle part of the elytra. In recently developed specimens, the sides of the
thorax, and the under surface of the body are pale.

A number of pupae found with the insects have the thorax, the dorsal abdo¬
minal line, and the margin fringed with long spines. The specimens have dried
so much that no examination of the mouth can be made.

2. E. - , niger ovatus, postice acutus, tenuiter pubescens, elytris obso¬

lete striatis, transversim dense strigosis, apice feriugineis, antennis pedibusque
piceo-rufis, illis articulo 3io sequente vix breviore. Long. *11.

One specimen, Vermont ; collected by the late Prof. C. B. Adams. I can find
no character to separate this species from E. haemorrhoidalis of Europe ;
with the figures and description given by various authors it accords perfectly,
but I have not yet had an opportunity of comparing it with European specimens,
and therefore do not propose a name.

3. E. morio, longiusculus, ovatus, niger, postice acutus, tenuiter dense
pubescens, elytris obsoletissime striatis, transversim strigosis, tarsis anticis,
antennarumque basi testaceo-rufis, his articulo 3io sequente vix breviore.
Long *11.

Alabama, collected by Hentz, and given me by Prof. S. S. Haldeman. This
species is narrower than the preceding, and more acutely attenuated pos¬
teriorly, otherwise the differences appear to be entirely in color.

Synopsis of the Endomychidce of the United States.

By John L. Le Conte, M.D.

Although I have not been able to refer to the scheme of classification of this
family, proposed by Germar in the Encyclopedia of Ersch. and Gruber, it ha6
seemed to me that our native species present sufficient interest for a synopsis.
The necessity of referring to a general treatise, is the less felt, as our species
seem to enter a small number of genera, most of which are already fully de¬
scribed in local European Fauna, such as Mulsant’s Coleopteres de France, and
Redtenba cher’s Kafer Oesterreichs.

The following arrangement of the genera differs, however, in many respects,
from that given by Mulsant,as well as from the portion of Germar’s table cited
by him. By considering specific characters as of generic value, the genera in
this group seem to have been unnaturally increased, and closely allied species
widely separated. For our genera, the following seems to be more suitable:

A. Prosternum inter coxas distinctum.

Antennae gradatim incrassatae, articulo ultimo trun-

cato . Epipocus Germ.

Antennae articulis ultimus tribus obliquis, maioribus ;

palpi maxillares dilatati . Endomychus Weber.

palpi maxillares tenues . Mycetina Muls.

Antennae articulis ultimis tribus perfoliatis . . Pnymaphora JVezoman.

B. Prosternum inter coxas non productum.

Femora clavata ; antennae art lOmo obi iquo . . L yco perdi na Latr.

Femora non clavata ; antennae art. ultimis perfoliatis Rhanis.

Epipocus Germ.

Antennae articulo 3io longiore, articulis tribus ultimis gradatim maioribus,
ultimo subtruncato, et saepe inferno acuminato ; prosternum inter coxas anticas
angustum, distinctum ; mesosternum postice truncatum ; palpi maxillares arti-
culo ultimo cylindrico.

358

[June,

a. Corpus pubescens; anten. art. ult. subtruncato; abdom. art. 6to
plerumque exserto.

1. E. cinctus, obscure ferrugineus, pubescens, thorace guttis discoidalibus
nigris, elytris punctatis, nigris, limbo omni late ferrugineo, corpore subtus,
tibiis basi, antennisque nigris, his basi apiceque ferrugineis. Long. *4.

One specimen, New Braunfels, Texas; Mr. Lindheimer. Head and thorax
dark ferruginous, the latter twice as wide as its length, sides reflexed and
rounded anteriorly as in the others, with the basal impression extending in front
of the middle; disc very sparsely punctured, marked with some ill-defined black
spots, and two dots near the lateral margin. Elytra tolerably finely punctured,
pubescent, black, with the suture, lateral margin, base and tip ferruginous ; tip
truncate obliquely, as in the others. Under surface piceous black ; anus and
feet ferruginous, base of tibiae black. Antennae black, first joint and tip of last
joint ferruginous. Anterior tibiae with an interior prominence below the
middle.

2. E. p u n c t a t u s, obscure ferrugineus, pubescens, thorace disco nigro-gut->
tato, parce grosse punctato, elytris grosse punctatis, nigro-piceis, limbo omni
ferrugineo, antennis nigris, basi apiceque ferrugineis, articulo 3io sequentibus
duobus breviore. Long. *25.

Georgia. Narrower than the preceding, and with much coarser punctures.
This is mentioned in Dejean’s Catalogue under the name adopted. There is a
very slight sinus at the inner margin of the anterior tibiae near the middle.

3. E. d is co id a 1 is, obscure ferrugineus, pubescens, thorace parce punc¬
tato, obsolete nigro-guttato, elytris grosse punctatis, nigro-piceis, limbo omni
ferrugineo, antennis nigris basi apiceque ferrugineis, articulo tertio sequentibus
duobus aequalis. Long. *25.

Texas, Lieut. Haldeman. Resembles the preceding very closely ; the third
joint of the antennae is, however, longer, and the punctuation perceptibly less
coarse. The anterior tibiae of both sexes are slightly mucronate internally at
the middle. The antennae of the male are more slender than those of the
female, the thorax is narrower and the posterior angles more acute.

b. Corpus glabrum ; antennae art. ult. truncato ; abdom. art. 6to
plerumque retracto.

4. E. laetu s, elongatus, ferrugineus, nitidus, thorace parce punctulato, linea
transversa basali valde impressa, disco nigro-notato, antice transversim im-
presso, elytris subtilius punctatis, nigro-cyaneis, basi apice epipleurisque flavis,
femoribus clavatis, antennis nigris. Long. *32.

Two specimens, San Francisco, Cal., under bark. The body is narrower than
in the others, the thorax is one third wider than its length, the sides are more
strongly reflexed ; the basal impressions are deep, reaching beyond the middle,
and are connected by a very deeply impressed line near the margin; the disc is
deeply transversely impressed before the middle, and is finely not densely punc-
tulate ; an indistinct black spot marks the junction of the transverse impres¬
sion with the prolongation of the basal lines. The elytra are shining blackish
blue, densely and finely punctured, with the base, the epipleurae, the bead of the
lateral margin and the apex, reddish yellow ; tip rounded. Beneath bright
ferruginous, thighs moderately clavate ; anterior tibiae strongly mucronate
int-rnqlly at the middle. Antennae black, third joint nearly as long as the two
following.

5. E. 1 in eat us, oblongo-elongatus, obscure ferrugineus, nitidus, thorace
linea basali transversa, disco piceo-binotato, elytris obsolete punctulatis, sutura
plagaque lateral! oblonga late nigris, femoribus clavatis, tibiis basi antennisque
nigris, his articulo ultimo rufo-piceo. Long. *25.

Endomychus liiieatus Oliv. Ent. 100, fig. 2.

Lycoperdina vittata Germ. Ins. Nov. 621.

Eumorphus distinctus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 303.

1858.]

359

Middle and Southern States, not rare. The anterior tibiae are regular in all
my specimens.

In Dejean’s Catalogue this species is placed under Lycoperdina, but the pro-
sternum between the anterior coxae although narrow is very distinct.

Endomychus Weber.

Antennae articulo 3io vix longiore, tribus ultimis abrupte maioribus, distanti-
bus obliquis, ultimo ovali ; palpi maxillares dilatati, truncati ; prosterrium inter
coxas anticas latiusculum, postice productum et rotundatum ; mesosternum
postice truncatum.

1. E. biguttatus, oblongo-ovalis, coccineus, nitidus, capite thorace obso¬
lete punctulato, scutello antennis pedibusque nigris, elytris subtiliter punctatis,
guttis utrinque duabus nigris, posteriore maiore. Long. *16. \

Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 96.

Middle, Southern and Western States, rare.

Mycetina Muls.

Antennae articulo 3io longiore, articulis ultimis maioribus, distantibus obliquis,
ultimo truncato; palpi maxillares tenues, fere acuminati; prosternum inter
coxas anticas latiusculum, mesosternum postice truncatum.

a. Corpus glabrum ; thorax basi marginatus ; prosternum spatulatum.

1. M. perpulchra, oblonga, nigra nitida, thorace rufo, medio nigro, im-
pressionibus basalibus brevibus linea basali coniunctis, elytris subtiliter punc-
tulatis maculis utrinque duabus laete rufis, tarsis piceis. Long. *16.

Endomychus perpulcher Newman, Ent. Mag. 5, 390.

Lycoperdina 4- guttata Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc., 3, 176.

Middle, Southern and Western States. Varies with the thorax immaculate ;
the mesosternum is sharply margined between the coxae ; the anterior tibiae of
the male are flattened, and slightly angulated internally.

b. Corpus parce subtiliter pubescens ; prosternum spatulatum.

2. M. testacea, elongata, sordide ferrugihea, parce fulvo-pubescens, tho¬
race linea laterali distincta, impression ibus basalibus brevibus, linea basali
coniunctis, elytris parce punctatis, antennis piceis, basi pallidioribus. Long. *15.

Lycoperdina testacea Ziegler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 272.

Lycoperdina pilosa Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 176.

Middle and Southern States. The anterior tibiae appear alike in all my spe¬
cimens.

Lycoperdina lutea (Mels. loc. cit.) as far as I can judge from the badly pre¬
served specimen which served as the type, is merely an immature specimen
of this species. This insect is Epipocns ferrugineus Dej. Cat., but not Lyco¬
perdina ferruginea Lee. Ann. Lyc. 1, 172.

c. Corpus hispidum ; prosternum dilatatum, non spatulatum.

3. M. hispida, ovalis, obscure ferruginea, pilis erectis dense hispida, tho¬
race linea laterali a margine remota, impressionibus basalibus brevibus, linea
basali transversa nulla, elytris punctatis nigris, margine usque ad apicem late
ferrugineo, antennis nigro-piceis, basi ferrugineis. Long. *15 — *18.

Erotylus hispidus Herbst. Kitfer, 8, 374, tab. 137, fig. 13.

Lycoperdina vestita Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 304.

Middle and Southern States. Varies with the elytra entirely ferruginous. The
prosternum is here much wider than in the preceding species, is not prolonged
over the mesosternum, but articulated closely with it ; the mesosternum is
therefore flat, not concave, as in the two above described. This difference
seems to have been considered as generic by Chevrolat, and the species occurs
in Dejean’s Catalogue as Ephebus limbatus.

360

[June,

Phymaphora Newman.

Antennae articulo 3io non maiore, tribus ultimis abrupte maioribus (maris
maximis) clavam perfoliatam formantibus ; palpi maxillares articulo ultimo
cylindrico ; prosternum inter coxas anticas angustum, distinctum ; mesosternum
elongatum, bicarinatum.

1. P. pulchella, elongata convexa, nitida, ferruginea, fronte nigra, thorace
quadrato, parce punctulato, medio nigro, impressionibus basalibus brevibus linea
basali coniunctis, elytris parce punctatis, basi, fascia postica obliqua apiceque
ferrugineis ; stria suturali distincta. Long. *15.

Newman, Ent. Mag. 5, 389.

Lycoperdina puncticollis Ziegler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 271.

Lycoperdina crassicornis Mels. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 176.

Found in every part of the Atlantic States. In the male the club of the an¬
tennae is larger than the head, and the middle tibiae are slightly dilated internally
near the tip. This species is Rhanis pulchella Dej. Cat.

Lycoperdina La.tr.

Antennae articulis 2 et 3 longioribus ultimis vix abrupte maioribus, lOmo obli-
quo ultimo truncato ; palpi maxillares articulo ultimo cylindrico; prosternum
inter coxas anticas obsoletum ; mesosternum fere triangulare ; femora clavata.

1. L. ferrruginea, picea, antennis pedibusque rufo-piceis, thorace quad¬
rato, impressionibus basalibus longis, linea basali coniunctis, elytris convexis,
thorace latioribus, subtiliter punctulatis. Long. *19 — 21.

Le Conte, Ann. Lyc. 1, 172, tab. 11, fig. 14, (1824.)

Rumorplms angulatus Say, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 304.

Middle and Southern States. The femora are tolerably strongly clavate ; the
anterior tibiae of the male are strongly mucronate internally at the middle. This
species is S. glabrata Dej. Cat.

Rhanis.

Antennae articulis 2 et 3 paulo longioribus, tribus ultimis subabrupte maiori¬
bus, perfoliatis, ultimo ovali ; palpi maxillares articulo ultimo cylindrico ; pro¬
sternum inter coxas anticas obsoletum; femora non clavata.

1. R. unicolor, elongata, ru fa nitida, thorace convexo quadrato, postice
subangustato, basi marginato, versus angulos posticos profunde foveato, disco
subtilius punctulato, striis 2 antice abbreviatis insculpto, elytris convexis,
thorace non latioribus, punctulatis, nigris, apice late testaceis, vel totis testa-
ceis. Long. *14.

Lycoperdina unicolor Ziegler, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. 2, 272.

Lycoperdina apicalis Mels. ibid. 3, 177.

Middle and Southern States, not rare. The anterior tibiae of the male are
armed internally at the middle with a short sharp tooth.

It is unfortunate that this pretty little species should have been first described
from an unusual variety, as the specific name proposed is not applicable to well
colored specimens.

1 cannot find the genus Rhanis described in any work, and therefore do not
cite any authority for it. As here defined it is intermediate between Phyma¬
phora and Lycoperdina. The name first appears in Dejean’s Catalogue, for two
species from the United States, one of which (R. hremorrhoidalis) is the type
here described, while the other is Phymaphora pulchella Newman.

The Committee on the following paper by Prof. Haldeman, reported
in favor of publication in the Proceedings :

1853.]

361

Descriptions of some new species of Insects, vrith observations on described species .

By S. S. Hardeman.

Cecindela lecontei Hold. Dull cupreous, beneath green, with cupreous
reflexions; white pubescent ; head ruguloseflongitudinally upon the front, and
transversely behind ; labrum white, anterior margin blackish, short, transverse,
strongly tridentate in the middle; palpi blackish green. Prothorax minutely
wrinkled, narrowed posteriorly, disc convex, transverse impressions and dorsal
line profound. Elytra convex, nearly double the width of the base of the pro¬
thorax, finely and obsoletely punctured, with an irregular stria of large punc¬
tures, base greenish; lunules submarginal, distinct, and yellowish white, the
humeral one rectilinear, and extending to one-fourth the length of the elytra,
where it is incras:-ated on the inner side, touching the medial fascia, which is
triangular, with the apex extending one third of the distance towards the suture;
the apical lunule is bent at a right angle, and reaches the suture.

Allied to C. rugifrons and C. scutellaris, resembling the latter in the charac¬
ter of the prothorax, and differing from the former in having the humeral lunule
entire.

Wisconsin, Guex. Cab. Le Conte.

C. ancocisconensis Harris. “ Upper lip 3-toothed, thorax narrowed behind.
Bronzed blackish brown above, with w’hite humeral and terminal lunule, and
intermediate angular band enlarged on the margin; body beneath green, tail
purple.” Harris.

Form rather slender, head tinged with metallic green, longitudinally rugulose,
especially upon the orbits; front with distant impressed shallow punctures ;
labrum white or discolored, the margin obscure, strongly 3-toothed, with an
obsolete tooth on each side ; mandibles black, with the base white ; antennae
and palpi metallic green and blue, with white hairs. Prothorax as wide as the
eyes, and with the scutel, minutely scabrous, anterior, posterior and dorsal lines
well impressed with metallic green, lateral margins punctate. Elytra minutely
punctate with blue or green impressed microscopic points, with an indistinct
subsutural irregular line of larger distinct punctures, and one or two very short
similar lines on the humerus. Humeral lunule curving slightly inwards poste¬
riorly, terminal lunule abruptly enlarged anteriorly, sometimes continuous w ith
the marginal portion of the middle fascia, which is behind the middle of the
elytron, extending transversely less than half the distance towards the suture,
and bent backward and inwTard, terminating in an enlargement near the suture.
Beneath and feet green, with w’hite hairs. In the male the base of the maxil¬
lary palpi is yellow'.

New Hampshire, Dr. Harris ; Philadelphia, Schafhirt ; Cab. Le Conte.

Evarthrus gravidus. Black, somewhat shinin?, robust and depressed, pro¬
thorax transverse, lateral margins reflexed, broadly rounded, slightly sinuate
posteriorly, dorsal and anterior line impressed, basal angles square, writh two
well impressed longitudinal striae, the surface of this part and the posterior part
of the dorsal line being marked with irregular waved transverse striae. Elytral
striae well impressed, finely punctured toward the basp, except the submarginal
ocellate row, interstices slightly convex. Length 10£, breadth (elytra) 4 lines.

Var. a. Interstices of the elytra smoo h, with the punctures more distinct.

Var. Q. Elytra smooth, the striae and punctures indistinct.

This species adds a group (2f,) to the five of Le Conte, given in the Journ.
Acad. Nat. Sci. 2d ser. 2, 227, and establishes a complete parallelism between
the twro divisions of the genus Evarthrus formed by him, the relations between
the sections 2e and 2f, being equivalent to those between la and lb. The cha¬
racters of iiroup f. are : Elytrorum striis non approximate, thorace qvadrato,
postice utrinqve bi-impresso.

Evarthrus heros Say , (Feronia) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 145. Since Dr.
Le Conte alluded to this species, Journ. Acad. 2d ser., 2, 223, specimens have

302 [June,

been obtained which show that E. colossus Lee. is a distinct species^and that
the former belongs to the section of the latter.

Bolbocerus fossatus, $ Bright pals ferruginous ; clipeus prominent, con-
fluer.tly punctured, its disc concave at the end by the elevation of the margin,
sides parallel, anterior margin with three teeth, one medial, bounded by an ob¬
tuse emargination which forms the lateral teeth at the anterior angles ; anterior
canthus of the eye prominent. Pronotum with two horns above directed late¬
rally, and slightly forwards, their posterior margin curving in a sharply defined
semicircle, and forming an additional obtuse tooth on each side, which bounds a
deep fossa anterior to it. Surface confluently punctured, particularly in the
depressed portions, the prominent part above and posteriorly being smooth and
shining. Lateral margin finely crenulate, with a slight emargination over
the anterior angles ; dorsal line distinctly impressed. Scutpl sparsely punc¬
tured. Elytra paler posteriorly, and finely striate, the striae with fine punctures.
Inferior parts of the body paler than above; clypeus, mandibles, maxillae and
serrations of the anterior feet margined with black. Length lines.

Texas, Lt. H. Haldeman.

B. laportii. I propose to give this name to Bolbocerus ferrugineus\ Laporte,
An. Art. Col. 2, 104, Westwood, Lin. Trans, vol. 21, p. 21. It is an East In¬
dian species, and not the true American Scarab, fe.rntgine.us of Beauvois, 1805,
Ins. 90, tab. 20, fig. 3. Scarab, fe.rrugineus Oliv. 1789, Ins. 1, 9, 3, p. 184, tab.
23, fig. 202, belongs to a different genus.

B. vestvudii. This name is proposed for Bolbocerus furcicollis\ Westwood,
an East Indian species, confounded with the North American B. fttrcicollis Lap.,
itself a synonym of B. ferruginous Bpauv., and B. lecontei[ Dej. Cat., as Dr.
Le Conte has informed me.

Geotrupes opacus llald. Purple black with scarcely any lustre. Head
scabrous, except a small spot on the vertex, with scattered punctures ; clypeus
regularly rounded, front with three straight radiating lines starting from one
impression, the posterior one short and medial, the anterior ones running to the
margin, and enclosing a small central tubercle in the angle which they form ;
pronotum w7ith irregularly scattered impressed punctures, less sparse in the
dorsal line, which is slightly impressed posteriorly ; punctures becoming less
sparse toward the lateral margins, where they are subconfluent ; lateral fovea
present, scutel punctate. Elytra smooth, scarcely striate, but marked by 16
Bomewhat irregular rows of fine punctures. Pygidium scabrous, 8 lines long.

Western Texas. Distinguished from G. blackhnrnii Fabr. by the want of
lustre, and the striae which connect the elytral punctures' being evanescent, and
in some parts wanting.

Enoplium quadrinotatum Haiti Rufous, with four elytral spots arranged
in a square ; surface scabrous, hirsute with black hairs. Head and prothorax
rufous above and below’. Front with a transverse impression between the
anterior angle of the eyes ; palpi, antennae, a spot on the vertex, feet, pectus and
abdomen shining black. Prothorax longer than wide, the sides convex, project¬
ing most behind the middle ; an evanescent black spot in front of the scutel.
Elytra each with two conspicuous round black spots, one a little anterior to the
middle, the other more than midw’ay betw'een the former and the apex. The
size of the spots exceeds one third the width of the elytron. 3 lines long.

Texas. Bears some resemblance to E. A-punclalum Say ; but that species
has a black head and prothorax. As in that species the antennae are 10-arti-
culate.

Genus Sandales Knocky 1801.

S. niger Knock , 1801. N. Beitrage, 140, 9 . S. Knochii Guerin, 1843,
Species et Icon, des An. Art. No. 4, p. 4, tig. 1 ; fig. 2 9* <Sf. ntbidns Mels.

1815, Proc. Acad. 2, 220, £ . Rhipictra ntfipennis | Dej. Cat. Guerin wras the
first to point out the male of this species in certain specimens with fusco-rufous

1853.]

363

elytra, described as S. rnbidus by Dr. Melsheimer, who, however, suspected
that they might be the male of S. niger. Both sexes vary in size, the dorsal
line is sometimes impressed in both, and the distinctness of the raised lines of
the elytra differs in each.

S. petrophya Knock , 1801. N. Beitr. 131. Guer. Sp. No. 4. Rhipicera
fulva Lap. 1834, Ann. Ent. France, 3, 326. Eh. proserpina Newman, 1838,
Ent. Mag. 5, 383. Male considerably smaller than the female, and with the
elytra slightly narrowing posteriorly instead of being widest behind the middle,
as in the female. Black, with an indistinct yellowish pubescence. Mandibles
black, antennae dark rufous, base black ; head and pronotum finely scabrous, the
width of the latter about double its length, sides convex, subangular behind the
middle, dorsal line impressed or wanting. Scutel circular, minutely scabrous.
Elytra but little wider than the prothorax, slightly tapering posteriorly, surface
deeply and coarsely punctured in irregular longitudinal series, leaving intersti¬
tial raised lines, which are most regular between each pair of the punctured
lines. Tarsi with fulvous hair beneath, ungues reddish. Length 5i lines, elytra
4, pronotum 1 in length and II in breadth. In case S. hrevicollis Mels., 1845,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 220, is a distinct species, it will be difficult to deter¬
mine whether the male here described appertains to it or to <S. petrophya. I
think, however, that S. brevicollis has no sufficient character to separate it from
*8. petrophya .

Sandalus scabricollis Hald. £ Black, sides of the prothorax punctate
scabrous, convex before the middle and concave behind it, so as to be slightly
sinuous. Length 4i lines, elytra 31. Cab. Le Conte.

The prothorax is more coarsely punctured than in <S. niger , (which has it
finely punctulate) and the single specimen observed, besides its small size, has
the apex of the elytra slightly compressed externally in a sloping direction.

Genus Cryptopleura Lee. Journ. Acad. 2d ser. 2, 6.

Head small, mandibles acute, palpi with the last joint somewhat enlarging
towards the end, eyes subreniform, antennae short and slender, 1st and 5th arti¬
culations rather longer than any of the rest. Prothorax subglobular, mesoster-
num protuberant. Scutel rounded posteriorly. Elytra rather slender, wider
than the prothorax, narrowung gradually towards the apex; humeri prominent,
sides sinuate near the base. Feet weak, femora slightly incrassated towards
the apex.

C. grata Hald. Shining black; head, mandibles, thorax and scutel slightly
sericeous with yellowish hair ; labrum and palpi rufous, front flat, medial line
slightly raised. Thorax finely and sparsely punctured. Elytra with fine and
sparse piliferous punctures, apex truncate, marked each with 4 orange spots ;
the 1st longitudinal, basal and medial ; the 2d before the middle, and marginal ;
the 3d medial and subsutural ; and the 4th immediately behind the 3d. The 3
latter are irregular and confluent. Tibiae, tarsi and base of the femora rufous.
8 lines long, humeri 4 wide.

Tampico, Mexico, Lieut. H. Haldeman.

Timarcha intricata. Oblong convex, black, shining, scabrous with conflu¬
ent impressed punctures, which are coarsest upon the elytra. Head irregularly
and densely punctate, front concave, with an indistinct fovea on each side; an¬
tennae with the penult articulation extending to the base of the pronotum,
exterior articulations clothed with short brown hairs. Pronotum transverse,
apex broadly emarginate, medial portion rectilinear; base sub-sinuate; sides
very convex, narrowed posteriorly, basal angles acute; surface varied with irre¬
gular shallow impressions, and densely and irregularly punctate. Scutel with a
few punctures. Elytra scabrous with large confluent punctures, the interstices
irregular and finely punctate, humeral angle rectilinear and obtuse. Inferior
surface less densely punctate, punctures of the feet fine. Less than 5 lines long.

Oregon, J. K. Townsend.

I have adopted the name applied in Dr. Le Conte’s Cabinet.

364

[June,

T. intertexta. General characters of T. intrirata. Frontal base obtusely
impressed, basal angles of the pronotum rectangular; humeral angles obtusely
rounded ; abdomen sub-opaque, punctures indistinct. 5 lines long.

California, Joshua Child.

Distinguished from T. intricate i by being more slender, by having the protho¬
rax more transverse, with the sides more sinuous, the antennas a little longer, a
deeper emargination at the base of the elytra and prothorax, the punctures of the
elytra more ru. ose, and the opacity of the abdomen, and less distinctness of its
punctures.

Belostoma impressum Hald. Variegated dark and pale brown, neurations of
the elytra varied with black, with a black stigma at the medial point where they
cross. Head short, pronotum sinuous at base, sides sub-sinuous, transverse line
rectilinear and obtusely impressed, a fovea in front of it on each side. Two
foveae forming conjointly a V-shaped medial mark at the apex of the pronotum.
Scutel with two quadrangles of raised lines, one on each side, the raised dorsal
line being common to the two. Inferior surface flavous, mottled with pale
brown. Medial and posterior femora and tibiae with three dark bands ; anterior
femora robust, simple, the down confined to the anterior margin; caudal appen¬
dages not protruded. 23 lines long, 9 wide.

California, Joshua Child.

Allied to B. hald * man nm Leidy, but distinguished by the dorsal impressions,
the lighter color of the inferior surface, and the comparative narrowness of the
posterior tibiae and tarsi.

Zaitha indentata Hald. Broadly oval, depressed, dark brown, finely sca¬
brous. Head, pronotum and scutel with indistinct patches of very short prostrate
flavous hair. Pronotum pyramidal, lateral and anterior margin with an im¬
pressed line; apex sinuous, apical angle obtusely rounded, sides rectilinear,
base sub-rectilinear, dorsal line raised posteriorly, and impressed anteriorly,
transverse posterior line distinctly impressed, portion posterior to it, and ante¬
rior portion of the scutel, transversely rugulose ; a well impressed fovea (having
a raised margin) on each side equidistant between the dorsal line and exterior
and anterior margins, a second shallow fovea on each side of the dorsal line
anteriorly, conjointly forming a V-shaped figure. Disc of the scutel with irre¬
gular rug® radiating backwards and outwards, medial line impressed. Elytra
with distinct cupreous reflexions, neurations very distinct. Feet with lines of
silky hair, their surface and the inferior parts of the body covered with short
prostrate hair. Length 15, width 8 lines.

California, Dr. Le Conte.

A second specimen has two longitudinal flavous lines on each side of the base.
The latter is a female, and the posterior part of the body above is covered
with ova.

Distinguished from Z. bifoveata Hald. Stansbury’s Expedition, 370, tab. 10,
fig. 1, bv its darker color, broader form, and the greater distinctness of the foveae
on the pronoturn.

Phalangopsis scabripes Hald. Flavous mottled with black, especially upon
the posterior margin of all the segments, knee joints of all the feet and base of
the antennae, brown. Upper extremity of the femora strongly curved in wants
toward the base ; externally and above regularly reticulate with blackish, and
scabrous with raised points, which are mostly confined to the dark portions;
under margin with a row of small spines enlarging posteriorly. Length J 11
lines, antennae 48, posterior femora 1 1, tibiae 12.j, tarsi 4£. One specimen taken
at Selma, Alabama, by Dr. Hendree.

Resembles Ph. lap/dicola Burmeister, and gracilipes Hald. (Am. Assoc. 1849,
p. 336,) in size, but differs from the former by the smaller femoral spines, and
from the latter by the scabrous femora.

Xya mixta Hald., Shining flavous variegated with brown. Antennae brown,
head flavous punctatp, more sparsely above, labrum and a large frontal macula
black. Prothorax small and transverse. Elytra flavous, base and apex brown.

1853.]

365

less than half the length of the wings, which are pale, with the apex slightly
fuliginous, and extending 1 line beyond the abdomen. Anterior feet flavous,
tibial palm hirsute, with three terminal spines, internal angle with a slender
tarsus (apparently bi-articulate) armed with two slender curved ungues. Me¬
dial feet and posterior femora variegated ; posterior tibiae with lamellar appen¬
dages as in X. apicalis. Abdomen flavous beneath and at the lateral margin,
sides and apex brown. 5 lines long to the end of the wings.

Fort Gates, Western Texas, Lt. H. Haldeman.

Resembles X. apicalis Say, (which occurs on the Susquehanna) in general
appearance, but it is smaller, and the prothorax is much less inflated.

Termes nigriceps Hold. Body, feet, trophi and antennae flavous. Head
glossy black, sparsely hairy, globose pyriform, projecting anteriorly and ending
in a long horn; antennae 12-articulate ; feet slender and hairy. Length 1£ line.

Soldier? with the head larger, sub-globular, unarmed, pale polished brown,
front and medial line impressed; antennae 14-articulate. Length H line.

Western Mexico.

This small species constructs nests apparently of cow’s dung, which are
attached to the trunks of trees. Dr. Le Conte has seen this or an allied species
in Central America. The specimens with the larger head are presumed to be
the soldiers.

Eumenes pensilvanica Ilald. Black, with dilated impressed punctures.
Hypostoma transversely truncate, with a marginal band of white ; a white point
at the posterior base of the antennae, basal articulation of the antennae with a
narrow line of white. Abdominal peduncle small, with a narrow white hand
near its apex. Segments of the abdomen with a very narrow margin of white.
Wings pale fuliginous. Length lines.

Pennsylvania.

The smallest of our species known to me, and having the mesonotum more
coarsely punctate, and the white of the face forming a transverse band ante¬
riorly.

The Committee on Mr. Girard’s descriptions of new Nemerteans and
Planarians, reported in favor of publication.

Descriptions of new Nemerteans and Planarians from the coast of the Carolinas.

By Charles Girard.

The species here described are all marine, and were mostly collected by my
friend Wm. Stimpson, on the coast of South Carolina. Aware that I was en¬
gaged in researches concerning the natural hi tory of these animals, he very
kindly placed them in my hands for description.

The number of species thus added to the American fauna amounts to nine,
four of which are new to science and two new to America.

Many of the following descriptions were prepared with the assistance of notes
made on the spot by Mr. Stimpson himself, and while the animals were still
alive. The coloration and general form are thus more correctly given than if
these characters had been derived from the specimens as preserved in alcohol.

There are two forms to which I would direct the attention of naturalists, as
they must have an immediate bearing upon the question of the natural affinities
of these families either with annelids or with molluscs. I allude to the genus
Imagine amongst Planarians, and to the genus Stimpsonia amongst Nemerteans.
The former represents those gastropods which are provided with eyes at the top
of their cephalic tentacles, and the latter the nudibranchiated acteons, with an
expanded back.

366

[June,

NEMERTIDiE.

1. Borlasia Xurtzif, Girard. Body elongated, three or four inches long,
subcylindrical, somewhat depressed, continuous from head to tail. Anterior
region rounded, elliptical in a retracted state, conical when protruded. Color
uniform brownish red, lighter beneath.

From Charleston Harbor, east of Fort Johnson ; found on muddy sandy flats
on the third littoral region.

Genus RENIERIA, Girard. Body elongated and subcylindrical. Head coni¬
cal and continuous with the body without any contraction of the neck. A
longitudinal and lateral fissure on each side, as in Meckelias. Mouth nearly ter¬
minal, on the upper surface, as in Valencinias. Eyes specks wanting.

2. Renieria rubra, Girard. Body subcylindrical, a little broader than deep,
four or five inches long when in a live state. Head conical, subtriangular,
tapering forwards, split or furrowed on the sides. Mouth narrow and elongated,
approximating the tip of the snout. Color uniform brick red, paler beneath.

Dredged on muddy sandy flats east of Fort Johnson, Charleston Harbor.

Genus LEODES, Girard. Body elongated, depressed, posteriorly tapering.
Head separated from the body by a contracted neck, which is provided with a
longitudinal fissure on either side. Mouth terminal. Eyes wanting. Habits
not fossorial.

This genus is closely allied to Meckelia , from which it however differs in the
continuity of the head and body, and also in the shape of the mouth, to which
may be added the mode of coloration as described below.

3. Leodes striolenta, Girard. Body when extended, six inches in length and
two tenths of an inch in width ; somewhat convex anteriorly, broader and flat¬
tened posteriorly. Head a little smaller than the body, somewhat elongated,
bluntly pointed, tapering, and separated from the body by a broad or very shal¬
low constriction. Mouth slit, conspicuously long. Clefts on the sides of the
neck very deep. Posterior extremity sharp and pointed. Eody thickest ante¬
riorly, with a rounded margin, compressed posteriorly with a sharp margin.
Color of the body above dark pink, with a narrow line of deeper pink near the
margin on each side, and covered with crowded, narrow, dark grayish or black
longitudinal lines, darkest anteriorly. Body margined for the posterior two
thirds with light yellowish gray. Head light gray with longitudinal black
blotches, fewest towards the margin. Beneath dark red, with anteriorly dark
gray blotches, mostly towards the margin, and a white medial line; and pos¬
teriorly without dark spots and with a red medial line and yellowish margin.
Tail pale, with very few small scattered spots. In the young the colors are
all pale except at the head, so that the dark branching intestine, occupying the
posterior thr«e fifths of the animal, is easily seen.

Found at Fort Johnson, under stones on hard clay, at low water.

4. Amphiporus sanguineus, Girard. Body elongated, depressed, anteriorly
broad, posteriorly tapering, sides parallel, undulating when the animal is in
motion. Head continuous with the body, and pointed forwards. Mouth termi¬
nal, minute. Generative opening very much elongated, approximating the end
of the snout. Anus not quite terminal. Color uniform blood red.

From the fourth littoral region, near Fort Johnston, S. C.

5. Meckelia Pocohontas, Girard. Body very much depressed, flattened with
a sharp margin, attaining sometimes a length of three feet. When immersed in
alcohol it contracts to nearly half of that length ; the anterior third of the body
then becomes subcircular, with blunt edges contrasting considerably with the
remaining portion, which preserves its flattened shape and sharp edges. The
head is conical, tapering forwards and continuous with the body. Snout split
vertically, dividing the upper and lower lip. The vertical split, however, affect¬
ing only the tip of the snout, whilst the horizontal split extends to the whole
length of the head. Generative aperture narrow and elongated, situated near

367

1853.]

the anterior portion of the body. Color uniform yellowish white, reddish
anteriorly.

Found on the third and fourth subregions of the littoral zone, along the coast
of North and South Carolina.

6. Meckelia Lizzi/e, Girard. Body six or eight inches long, flattened. Head
rather short and rounded, without any vertical splitting of the snout. Genera¬
tive aperture oval, pointed anteriorly. Color uniform dull yellowish white.
When immersed in alcohol, the body assumes the same shape as in the preced¬
ing species.

Inhabits the sandy flats near Fort Johnston, Charleston Harbor.

Genus STIMPSONIA, Girard. Body elongated, subcylindrical or compressed,
provided with an expanded back, on the surface of which blood-vessels are ob¬
served, as in Acteons. Cephalic region marked with an annular and smooth
membrane, overlapping the anterior part of the body. A broad, terminal and
subcircular opening communicating with the general cavity of the body, and
through which the products of the general apparatus find their way outwards.
At the upper margin of the cephalic ring there is a funnel-shaped or rather
corolliform organ somewhat like the corolla of the dragon root {Arum) in the
centre of which a cylindrical proboscis may be seen, at the inferior part of
which the mouth opens. The animal sucks its food through this proboscis, and
the surrounding disc assists in adhering to its prey. There are no eye specks.

7. Stimpsonia aurantiaca, Girard. Body compressed laterally: transverse
diameter about a quarter of an inch; depth greater than the horizontal diame¬
ter. Periphery of the anterior opening undulating. Length of the body about
six inches, and probably attaining a larger size. Ground color of a bright
purplish or greenish hue with numerous irregular transverse bands of bright
golden.

Found at low water mark in holes descending perpendicularly into the sand.
Fort Johnston, S. C.

PLANARID.E.

8. Planocera nebulosa, Girard. Body about half an inch in length, and a
quarter of an inch wide, elliptical, provided witt two whitish, protractile and
retractile tentacles, a tenth of an inch in height when protruded. Ground color
dark hyaline, with dark crowded motrlings, giving to the whole a dark grayish
appearance. From the tentacles a medial dark brownish red line extends to the
posterior margin. Beneath gray, except two whitish convolutions, the genital
apparatus seen by transparency, anteriorly tinged with pink. The periphery is
whitish hyaline.

Dredged just below low' wrater mark on a soft muddy sand, east of Fort John¬
ston, S. C., by Lieut. Kurtz and Wm. Slimpson.

Genus IMOGiNE, Girard. General form elliptical, discoid, periphery con¬
tinuous, provided all around with a crowded series of minute black specks. Two
tentacles on the anterior third of the body, and terminated by an oculiform
organ.

9. Imogine oculifera, Girard. About an inch and a half in length and an
inch wide. Upper surface fuscous, clouded with dark red spots; unicolor
beneath. Tentacles cylindrical, swelling towards the top, and terminated by a
rounded black eye.

Found by myself at Sullivan’s Island, S. C., in May, 1800, under stones at
low water mark.

The Committee on a “ Notice of the Mya Nodulosa Wood/' by Mr.
Lea; reported in favor of publication.

368

[June,

Notice of the Mya nodulosa, Wood.

By Isaac Lea.

In the examination of the Molluscs of the Imperial Cabinet of Vienna, I ob¬
served a specimen of the family Naiades, which I immediately recognized to be
the Mya nodulosa, described and figured by Wood, (General Conchology and
Index Testaceorum), and which was placed by me among the nodulous Uniones
in my Synopsis.

The form, thickness and nodulous character of this shell, is so much like that
of Ujiio pustulosus, nobis, that it has been thought to be the same. I gave it a
distinct place in my Synopsis (Ed. 3d, p. 22) with a note doubting it to be an
<e American species,” meaning North American. The locality was unknown To
Mr. Wood ; and Mr. Traiinfeld, the able zoologist, under whose charge this de¬
partment of the Museum is placed, is entirely ignorant from whence the speci¬
men was received, it having been in the establishment during the period of the
late Mr. Muhlfeld’s administration and without locality. Unhappily, therefore,
neither of the two known specimens can be traced to their habitat.* The in¬
spection of the specimen, however, enabled me at once to place the species in
its proper position in the system, the teeth, particularly the lateral ones, having
equal and parallel striae as in the genus Prisodon , Schum,= Castalia , Lam. The
cardinal and lateral teeth are both robust, and of the form of the ponderous sub¬
rotund Uniojies, but the deeply impressed striae separate it from that genus and
place it in Prisodon. When Schumaker proposed his genus Prisodon, and La¬
marck that of Castalia for the same shell afterwards, there was but one species
known. It is true that D’Orbigny proposed two others, quadrilatera and inflata ,
but I recognize these only as variations. The genus Prisodon will now, if I be
correct in my inductions, consist of three distinct species, each one belonging
to a well characterized group, viz. : the plicate, nodulous and smooth divisions,
and they will stand in the following order.

(Plicate.) Prisodon truncates, Schum.=Castalia ambigua, Lam.

^Smooth.) Prisodon Duprei, Lea=Castalia Duprei, Recluz.

(Nodulous.) Prisodon nodulosus, Lea=Mya nodulosa, Wood.

The Committee on Prof. Baird and Mr. G-irard’s descriptions of new
Fishes from the river Zuni, reported in favor of publication.

Descriptions of some new Fishes from the Fiver Zuni.

By S. F. Baird and Charles Girard.

The species of fishes here described as new, were caught in the Zuni River,
New Mexico, by I)r. S. W. Woodhouse, while attached as Surgeon and Natu¬
ralist to the expedition of Capt. Seetgreaves, for the exploration of Zuni and its
tributaries. Full descriptions with figures will be shortly published in the of¬
ficial report of Capt. Sitgreaves.

They belong to the Cyprinoid family, and constitute a new genus which we
propose to call

GILA.

Characterized by its subfusifornr: and compressed body, its more or less arched
back, especially in large individuals, anil by its extreme attenuation posteriorly.
The peduncle of the tail is rather slender. The head is much depressed, pro¬
portionally small, its upper outline concave, and its snout elongated. Eyes cir¬
cular or elliptical. The mouth is small or of medium size, the upper jaw gene¬
rally overlapping the lower, so as to conceal its cleft from above. No barbels
or rudiments of barbels at the angle of the mouth. Pharyngeal teeth oblique,
compressed, disposed on two rows with their tip slightly hooked. Branchial

* The specimen has the fine nacre of the South American Naiades , and I have
little doubt but that it inhabits the same country with the other two species.

369

1853.]

arches four on each side. Branchiostegal rays six in number, three on either
side. Scales varying in size according to the regions; small and not imbricated
on the back, large and imbricated on the flanks, and of medium size on the belly
and tail. Lateral line well marked, forming an open curve on the abdomen and
straight on the tail. Caudal fin forked or crescentic, generally unicolor ; the
tints of the back, flanks and abdomen merely varying in intensity.

1. Gila robusta, B. and G. — Body very much swollen anteriorly, and taper¬
ing very suddenly from the dorsal fin to the insertion of the caudal. Head very
much depressed above, sloping very rapidly from the nape to the snout, and
forming one fourth of the entire length. Eyes proportionally small and subcir¬
cular. Mouth tolerably large ; the posterior branch of the maxillary does not
reach the vertical line of the pupil. Dorsal fin situated on the middle of the
back, and a little higher than long. Caudal crescentic. Anal situated behind
the dorsal. Insertion of ventrals in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal.
The posterior tip of the pectorals does not reach the insertion of the ventrals.
All the soft rays are bifurcated. Lateral line composed of about ninety scales.
Color greyish brown above, lighter beneath.

Formula of the fins : D I. 9. C 8. 1. 8. S. I. 7. A I. 9. V I. 9. P 15.

2. Gila elegans, B. and G. — Closely allied to the preceding species. Its
body, however, is more slender, and its tail proportionally more elongatad. The
caudal fin is more deeply emarginate and more developed, as indeed are all the
fins. The head is very much depressed and flattened on the snout. Eyes ellip¬
tical. The scales are proportionally more elongated than in the preceding spe¬
cies and are broadpr anteriorly than posteriorly; the lateral line has about
ninety of them. The number of rays in the fins affords also a distinctive mark
between both species. The ventrals have no rudiment of spiny ray. Color
light brown.

Fin rays : D III. 9. C 9. I. 9. 9. I. 10. A III. 10. V 9. P 16.

3. Gila gracilis, B. and G. — This species is proportionally shorter, deeper,
and more compressed than its congeners. It reminds us, in shape and general
appearance, of the (( Shiner }i ( Dead sens americanus') . Both the dorsal and anal
fins are provided anteriorly, as in G. elegans , with three rudimentary spiny rays.
The scales arp rather small, very thin: there are from 80 to 90 of them in the
lateral line. The relative position of the fins is the same as in the other species
of this genus. Color yellowish brown.

Fin raj's : D III. 8. C 8. I. 11. I. 7. A III. 8. Y I. 8. P 16.

The Committee on Mr. Cassin’s “ Catalogue of the Hirundinidse in
the Collection of the Academy,” reported in favor of publication in the
Proceedings. (0 tT See end of this Number.)

The Committee on Mr. Cassin’s descriptions of new Swallows and
Parrots in the Collection of the Academy, reported in favor of publi¬
cation.

Descriptions of new species of Hir and ini dee and Psitt adder , specimens of which
are in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,

By John Ca^sin.

I. HIRUNDINIDiE.

1. Cypselus squamatus, nobis.

Form. About the size and general form of C. ambrosiacus and C. parvus.
Bill rather broad at base, curved, wings and tail long, the latter forked, toes and
claws strong.

Dimensions. Total length (of skin) from tip of bill to end of tail about 5
inches, wing 41, tail 3 inches.

Colors. Entire plumage of upper parts greenish black with a slight greenish

370

[June,

lustre, every feather of the head above, back, rump, wing coverts and upper
tail coverts narrowly edged and tipped with grayish w’hite, nearly obsolete on
the head in some specimens and on the back in others, but generally so distinct
as to present a mottled and scaly character.

Under parts with the sides and flanks brownish black with a green lustre,
feathers edged with gray as in the plumage of the upper parts. Wide medial
portion of the entire under parts from tr.e base of the lower mandible to the tail
coverts white, in some specimens mixed with brown, especially on the breast.
Under coverts same as the flanks, and largely marked with white, in some
specimens with the latter color predominating. Plumage of the tibiae and tarsi
dark brown, claws pale horn color.

Hab. British Guiana.

Obs. Specimens of this little species have been presented to the collection of
the Academy by Henry G. Dalton, M. D., an accomplished and eminent physi¬
cian and naturalist, resident in Georgetown, British Guiana. He represented it
as a common bird in that country, and known by the name of Sand Martin, on
account of its living in holes in the ground in sandy situations.

We have been rather disappointed in not finding a description of this bird, hut
our impression is that it has been confounded with the Hirnndo nigra, Gm., and
it seems to be the third variety of that species as given in Syst. Nat. 1, p. 1025.
The true H. nigra , which has been found in Jamaica by Mr. Gosse (B. of Jam.
p. 63, pi. 10,) is much larger, and is so described by Gmelin. Though resem¬
bling in some measure the species mentioned above, it is easily recognized by
the scaly character of its plumage, more or less apparent in all the specimens
that we have seen, and is distinguished from any of its American relatives by
its very long tail and wings, and small size.

2. Petrochelidon murina, volis.

Form. Size of P. leucorrhoa (Vieill.) which is H. frontalis, Gould, and slightly
larger than Chelidon urbica, (Linn.) Bill, tarsi, and feet small and weak, wings
rather long, broad, with the second quill slightly longest, tertiaries emarginate,
tail rather wide, forked.

Dimensions. Total length (of skin) from tip of bill to end of tail about 5f
inches, wing 4 i , tail 2-S inches.

Colors. Entire under parts from the base of the lower mandible, (except the
inferior tail coverts,) dark cinereous or mouse color with a silky lustre, uni¬
form and unspotted. Under tail coverts brownish black with a green lustre.

Head above, back, rump, wing coverts and upper tail coverts black with a
green lustre slightly tinged with violet. Wings and tail brownish black with a
very slight green lustre.

Hab. Republic of Ecuador, South America.

Obs. This bird appears to be allied to Hirnndo patagonica and H. andecola ,
D'Orbigny, Guerin’s Magasin, 1837, p. 69, and is about the size of the latter.
It has, however, no white on any part of the plumage, and the tail is strongly
forked.

The only specimen in the museum of the Academy was received in one of the
very interesting collections presented by its constant friend Edward Wilson,
Esq., of Pembrokeshire, England, and was obtained by him in Paris.

3. Petrochelidon ? tibialis, nobis.

, Form. Small, size of Cotyle riparia , (Linn.)

Bill curved, rather strong, wing moderate with the first quill longest, tail
rather short only slightly forked.

Dimensions. Total length (of skin) from tip of bill to end of tail about 4J
inches, wing 3 6-10ths, tail 21 inches.

Colors. Plumage of the tibiae white, other inferior parts entirely smoky
brown, darkest and nearly black at the ends of the inferior tail coverts. Entire
upper parts brownish black with a greenish lustre on the head and back, and
palest on the rump. Wings and tail brownish black.

Hab. Unknown.

Obs. This species, of which the specimen described is from the Rivoli collec-

1853.]

371

tion, does not appear to us to belong to either of the genera of swallows here¬
tofore established. It has somewhat the bill of Collocalia , with the wings and
tail of Petrochelidon , and very small and weak tarsi and feet. It may readily
be distinguished by its pure white thighs, and is probably South American,
though we have no reliable indication of locality. An obscurely marked speci¬
men in the collection, but which we regard as possibly the young of this species,
is labelled as coming from Brazil.

4. Cecropis badius, nobis.

Form. About the size of C. striolata (Temm.) and rather larger than Hirundo
rufa or H. rustica . Not so large as C. senegalensis , but strictly congeneric
with it and other species of this group as given by Bonap. in Cons. Av. p. 339.

Bill rather strong, wings moderate with the first quill slightly longest, some
of the secondaries irregularly indented at their tips, tertiaries emarginate. Tail
deeply forked, two outer feathers narrow and acuminated to their tips, tarsi and
feet strong.

Dimensions. Total length (of skin) from tip of bill to end of tail about 7 in.,
wing , tail 4 inches.

Colors. Rump and entire under parts from the base of the lower mandible to
the tail coverts, deep chesnut brown, on the under parts of the body, every
feather having a minute central line of black, not observable on the rump.
Under tail coverts widely tipped with black. No white spots in the tail nor on
any other parts of the plumage.

Neck behind with a collar, not well defined, of same chesnut brown as the
under parts of the body. Head above, back, wing coverts, upper tail coverts,
wings and tail black, with a bluish violet lustre inclining to green on the wings.
Inferior wing coverts chesnut.

Hah. Malacca ?

Obs. Two specimens of this fine swallow were selected by the writer from a
large collection of Indian birds which had just been received by the eminent
naturalist and taxidermist, Mr. John G. Bell, of New York. He wras informed
that the collection had been imported from Malacca.

This species agrees very nearly in size with the Javanese species of this diffi¬
cult genus, C. striolata (Temm. and Schl.) but can readily be distinguished from
that or from any other species by the deep chesnut color of the under parts of
the body, which is almost immaculate, and much darker than in any other spe¬
cies known to me, or which I have found described.

II. PSITTACIDiE.

1. ChRYSOTIS V1RIDIGENALIS, nobis.

Form. Large, about the size of C . autumnalis (Linn.) Bill strong, culmen
curved from the base and slightly grooved. Wing with the second, third and
fourth quills longest and nearly equal, quills broad, tail of twelve feathers, mo¬
derate, rather broad, tarsi short, robust. Small space around the eye, bare.

Dimensions. Total length (of skin) from tip of bill to end of tail about 12
inches, wing 8, tail 4£ inches.

Color. Top of the head from the base of the bill, fine crimson, varying in
extent in different specimens, other plumage of the head above green at the
base of the feathers, many of them having subterminal transverse bands of
bluish cinereous, and all narrowly tipped with black. Cheeks fine pale green
(with no yellow or red.)

Entire plumage above and below green, darker on the back and tinged with
yellow on the under parts, every feather of the back, rump, neck, breast and
abdomen narrowly tipped or edged with black. First primary black, others
green for the greater part of their length, but bluish black at their tips. A
large spot of fine crimson occupying about the middle third of the first five
or six secondaries, which are tipped with fine blue. Tail above and below dark
green at the base, terminal portion greenish yellow, central feathers darkest,
some of the outer feathers edged with reddish chesnut at their bases. Under
tail coverts yellowish green, shafts of the feathers black.

54

372

[June,

Bill (in skin) pale yellowish white.

Hab. South America. Brazil ?

Obs. Several specimens of this bird are in the Collection of the Academy,
variously labelled “ Psittacus vernans ?” and (t Amazona lilacina Less.” It is
not the latter species, and I have found no such name as the former. The ex¬
tent of the space on the head occupied by both the crimson and bluish ash,
varies much in different specimens, and in one the latter is nearly obliterated.

This species appears to have generally been con'ounded with C. auUimnalis ,
(Linn.) which it very considerably resembles. It is, however, invariably
smaller, and has no yellow markings whatever on the face. The bill is clear
yellowish white, with no tinge of brown or horn color, as in that species.

2. PsiTTACULA LINEOLA, nobis.

Form. Small ; size of P. passerina (Linn.) Wings with the first and second
quills longest and nearly equal ; tail feathers pointed, the two central feathers
longest, acuminated; bill tumid ; tarsi and feet strong.

Dimensions. Total length (of skin) from tip of bill to end of tail about 6
inches ; wing 4 ; tail 2a inches.

Colors. Shoulders black. Entire plumage above and below green, slightly
tinged with brownish on the back, and with yellow7 on the under parts, rump,
upper and under tail coverts, most obvious on the latter. Every feather of the
entire plumage except the quills and tail narrowly tipped with black, nearly ob¬
solete on the middle of the breast and abdomen, but very conspicuous on the
head, neck, back, rump, coverts of the wing and tail, sides and flanks, and as¬
suming the character of rounded terminal spots on the upper and under coverts
of the tail.

Quills green on their outer webs, brownish black on their inner webs, tinged
with green and paler on their inner margins ; tail feathers green, the two central
feathers with a line of brownish black along their shafts and tipped with the
same color ; other tail feathers also brownish black along their shafts and on
their inner margins. Bill, tarsi and feet light colored.

Hab. Mexico, National bridge.

Obs. This little Parrot does not appear to be nearly related to any other spe¬
cies, and at first sight bears a greater resemblance to some of the small Austra¬
lian species than to any which are American. Two specimens are in the collec¬
tion, one brought by Mr. Pease from the vicinity of the National bridge, and the
other collected by Mr. Bruzin, also in Mexico.

3. Ara auricollis, nobis.

Form. Rather smaller than Ara severa (Linn.) Bill abruptly curved ; culmen
flattened, bare space commencing at the nostril, including the eye and com¬
pletely enclosing the under mandible. Wing rather long, second and third quills
longest and nearly equal ; tail graduated, containing twrelve feathers.

Dimensions. Total length (of skin) from tip of bill to end of tail about 15
inches ; wing 81 ; tail 81 inches.

Colors. A large spot of yellow on the back of the neck, somewhat rectangu¬
lar in shape, and extending slightly on to the sides of the neck at its lower edge.

Head above, from the base of the bill to the crown, black, which is also the
color of the cheeks immediately next to the bare space. Occiput, and all other
parts of the plumage, except the wings and tail, green, tinged with yellowish on
the back and wing coverts, and very slightly with bluish on the occiput. Pri¬
maries and secondaries light blue ; tertiaries same yellowish green as other
plumage.

Tail, with the two central feathers above, reddish chesnut or maroon for the
greater part of their length, yellowish green at base, and towards the end sub-
terminally light blue and narrowly tipped with yellow ! other feathers of the tail
much the same, but with the light blue predominating on their outer webs and
yellowish green on the inner webs. Under surfaces of wings and tail pale silky
yellow.

Hab. South America, Bolivia.

Obs. Peculiarly characterized by the large yellow space on the back of the

1853.]

373

neck. Three specimens, much alike in plumage, are in the collection ; two of
them have been labelled in Europe as natives of Bolivia, the other without label.

4. PaLjEOrnis viridicollis, nobis.

Form L. Similar to and about the size of P. columboides (Vig.) Wing with the
second primary longest, secondaries short ; tail long, graduated, with the two
central feathers longest ; tarsi short and with the feet moderate. A bare space
at the base of the under mandible.

Dimensio?is. Total length, (of skin) from tip of bill to end of tail, about 10}
to 11 inches; wing Of ; tail 6 inches.

Colors. Entire under parts and collar around the neck fine glossy green. Front,
cheeks, wings and wing coverts green, darkest on the quills ; head above, sides
of the neck, back and rump bluish cinereous, darkest and with the blue predo¬
minating on the rump and upper tail coverts. Tail above dark blue tipped with
yellow, some of the outer feathers having their inner webs of the same color and
greenish ; tail beneath yellow, under tail coverts yellowish green. Collar on
the neck in front black. Bill red, under mandible paler.

Hab. India, Himalaya mountains.

Obs. At first sight the present bird resembles P. cohimboides , but can at once
be distinguished by the green color of the under parts, which in that species are
light cinereous. It has no black collar around the back of the neck as in P. co¬
lumboides , and the color of the tail above is entirely different.

Two specimens have been sent from Europe by Mr. Edward Wilson.

5. Prioniturus flavicans, nobis.

Form. Similar to that of P. platurus (Vieill.) and P. discurus (Vieill.) but
larger than either. Bill strong, rather tumid ; wings long, second and third
quills longest and nearly equal ; tail moderate, rather wide, the two central
feathers with their shafts exserted and with spatula formed tips ; tarsi and toes
robust. A small bare space at the base of the under mandible.

Dimensions. Total length, (of skin) from tip of bill to end of tail, about 11
inches ; wing 7} ; tail 5 inches.

Colors. Entire under parts greenish yellow, extending upwards and forming
a wide collar around the neck, — the yellow most clear and distinct on the breast
and collar, — greener on the abdomen and inferior coverts of the tail.

Head fine green, tinged with light blue on the vertex. Upper parts of the
body, wings and tail dark green, first primary light blue on its outer edge ; all
the quills margined with brownish black on their inner webs ; tail tipped with
black and with its inferior surface greenish blue. Bill (in dried specimen) nearly
white, tinged with horn color at the base.

Hab. Celebes.

Obs. The only specimen of this species is another of the valuable contribu¬
tions of Edward Wilson, Esq., to the collections of this Society. It is quite dif¬
ferent from either P. platurus or P. discurus , both of which species are in
the collection, and is peculiarly marked by its yellow breast and wide cervical
collar of the same color. It is labelled as a native of the island of Celebes.

ELECTIONS.

Mr. Joshua B. Lippincott, Mr. Edward S. Whelan, and Mr. Peter
Lesley, of Philadelphia, were elected Members ; and Win. D. Hartman,
M. D., of West Chester, Penn., was elected a Correspondent.

1853.]

375

July 5th, 1853.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The following communication from Prof. Agassiz was read :

“The specimen of Cambarus Gambelii liberally lent to me by the Academy
for comparison, has afforded most unexpected information. Why that species
should have been referred to the genus Cambarus by Mr. Girard, who first de¬
scribed it, I am at a loss to ascertain, unless it be because it inhabits the United
States , Erichson having ascertained that there are Crawfishes with six, and
others with five pairs of gills, and that the species with five pairs of gills, for
which he proposes the name of Cambarus, live in the United States. As soon as
I learned that our zealous and lamented friend, Dr. Gambel, had left specimens
of Crawfishes from the far West, my interest was aroused to the utmost, as I
wanted to know whether the western range of this continent would present among
these animals the same difference from those of the eastern, and the same agree¬
ment with those of the western parts of the old world, as have already been ob¬
served in their physical features, and in the geographical distribution of other
beings. My anticipation was fully justified. Cambarus Gambelii Grir ., is no
Cambarus, though it lives in America. It has six pairs of gills, as the Craw¬
fishes of Europe, adding another instance of the remarkable correspondence of
the eastern and western tracts of different countries, when compared with their
homonyms, and of their striking difference when opposite shores are contrasted.”

July 12th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read —

From the Linnean Society of Lyons, dated 22d April, 1853; from
the Academy of Sciences, Belles Lettres, &c., of Lyons, of same date;
and from the Agricultural Society of Lyons, of same date ; severally
transmitting the volumes of their publications announced this evening.

July 19th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from Henry A. Ford, M. D., dated Glasstown,
Gaboon River, Africa, March 18, 1853, acknowledging the receipt of
his notice of election as a Correspondent, and transmitting an additional
collection of objects of Natural History for the Museum.

A letter was read from Mr. Richard D. Wood, of Philadelphia, dated
July 12, 1853, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as a
Member.

July 26th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

An amendment to Chapter 3, Art. 3, of the By-Laws, was adopted,
changing the amount of a life membership from fifty dollars to one hun¬
dred dollars.

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VI., NO. X.

55

376

[ August,

Also a resolution that the amendment should not take effect on the
present members of the Institution until after January 1, 1854.

Dr. McEwen announced the decease of John Price Wetherill, late
Vice-President of the Academy, and moved the appointment of a Com¬
mittee to draft resolutions expressive of the sense of the Academy of the
loss which it has sustained.

The Committee, consisting of Dr. McEwen, Dr. Hays and Mr. Vaux,
after having retired for a short time, reported the following Resolutions,
which were unanimously adopted :

Resolved , That the Academy profoundly regrets the loss which it has sustained
by the death of its late Vice President, John Price Wetherill, who for thirty
years has been an active and useful member, contributing liberally to its Libra¬
ry and Cabinet, and, where occasion required, to its funds ; and who, by his
zealous and untiring efforts for the promotion of the objects of the Academy,
has largely contributed to its present prosperous condition.

Resolved , That the members of the Academy, individually, have lost a warm
friend ; one whose advice and sympathy were always ready in those peculiar
circumstances requiring a sound, discriminating judgment.

Resolved , That in testimony of respect for his memory, the members of the
Academy will attend his funeral in a body, and that the President’s chair be
dressed in mourning for three months.

ELECTION.

John C. Bullitt, Esq., of Philadelphia, was elected a Member.

August 2d.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The following letter from Mr. Isaac Lea, dated Langen Schwalback,
Duchy of Nassau, June 21, 1853, addressed to Dr. Leidy, was read :

“My kind friend, Professor Dunker, of Cassel, most generously gave me his
only specimen of a rare species of the family Naiades of Lamarck, under the name
of Castalia sulcata , Krauss. On examining it, I found that while it had some
of the general characters of this genus, (Prisidon, Schum .,= Castalia, Lam.,) it
had not that of the striate teeth. It therefore properly belongs to the TJniones ,
and must be placed in the triangular group of that genus. In this translation it
loses its specific name, as that has long since been applied by me to a species of
TJnio from the Ohio river. I therefore propose to name it after the able natural¬
ist, Prof. Krauss, of Stuttgart, who has been the first to describe it, and it will
follow in my systematic arrangement after TJnio triangularis , Barnes, under the
name of TJnio Kraussii Lea, with the synonym of Castalia sulcata , Krauss.

In Prof. Dunker’s interesting collection, I observed a nearly perfect valve of
a Naiad , from Liberia, under the name of Anodonta Herculea , Middendorf.
This, I have no doubt, is the Dipsas plicatus, Leach. The dimensions of this
specimen are greater than any I have ever seen of the family of Naiades. Its
breadth is 12 $ inches, and its length 71 inches, which is greater than the speci¬
men in the collection of our Academy.

I also observed in Prof. Dunker’s collection his TJnio macropterus * which is
the same as my TJnio superbus, and therefore is a synonym to the latter. His

Its habitat is found to be Danu-Luar River, Island of Sumatra.

1853.]

377

TJnio Cumingii is the same with my JJnio cucnmoides — is therefore a synonym to
the latter. Prof. Dunker had not had access to my descriptions of the above
species when he described in the Zeitschrift fur Malakozoolgie, 1846 and 1852. ”

Mr. Girard read two papers, entitled severally 11 Observations upon
the American species of the genus Esox,” and u Note upon a nest con¬
structed by Catfishes both of which were referred to the following
Committee : Major Le Conte, Dr. Zantzinger and Dr. Ruschenberger.
Dr. Leidy offered the following observations :

In the Proceedings of the Academy for 1851, page 326, some remains of extinct
Cetacea are indicated as having been obtained from the green sand of New Jer¬
sey. At the request of Sir Charles Lyell, I have directed more particular atten¬
tion to the specimens with a view to determining whether they are true cretace¬
ous fossils.

The species named Priscodelphinus Harlani was proposed upon a single verte¬
bra which had been previously described by Dr. Harlan, as having belonged to
the saurian genus Plesiosaurus . In regard to the cetacean character of the bone
there is no doubt. The specimen was obtained from the marl of Mullica Hill,
which certainly belongs to the green sand formation of the cretaceous series.
But as we know that remains of recent animals occasionally find their way into
the marl,* the vertebra under consideration may also be accidental in its posi¬
tion. In texture the specimen has more the appearance of most of the Miocene
Cetacean fossils, than it has the bones of the saurians belonging to the marl,
although there is no miocene formation at Mullica Hill.

The species Priscodelphinus grandcevus was proposed on two vertebrae, which
were found by Dr. J. Thomas, in the Shiloh marl pits near Jericho, Cumberland
Co., and this Mr. T. A. Conrad, who recently visited the locality, informs me
is a miocene formation.

Mr. Conrad has presented me with an outline drawing (of which the accom¬
panying wood engraving is a copy,) of a tooth, discovered by Mr.

Samuel A. Wetherill in the green sand, of the cretaceous series,
near Burlington, New Jersey. The specimen was given to Mri
Conrad, who made the drawing indicated, and afterwards
loaned it to an acquaintance, from whom he has not been able to
obtain it again. The figure representi^T double-fanged tooth,
with a crown divided into five prominent lobes. It is, without
doubt, the tooth of a mammal, and resembles very much one of
the posterior molars of Stenorhynchus serridens , Owen, an ani¬
mal of the seal tribe. It may have belonged to a cetacean allied
to Basilosaurus, but until further evidence is obtained, I propose
to call the species indicated by the tooth Stenorhynchus vetus.

Prof. Francis S. Holmes, of Charleston, S. C., has sent for my inspection a
collection of mammalian fossils, among which are the remains of several cetace¬
ans as follows :

1. A nearly entire tooth, with fragments of five others, from the sands of Ash¬
ley River, S. C. These teeth may be saurian in character, but I suspect them
to belong to a cetaceous genus of the family Delphinidae. The nearly entire spe¬
cimen resembles in general form the teeth of the dolphins. It is about three
inches long, and is curved ; and it has a conical crown capped with enamel, which
forms a salient ridge on two sides. The fans is long and conoidal ; and just be¬
yond the crown is gibbous. On several of the specimens the enamel is smooth,
but on the others is longitudinally corrugated. For the animal to which these-
teeth belonged the name of Colophonodon Holmesii is proposed.

2. Twelve imperfect teeth, averaging an inch in length, from the same locality
as the former, belonging to the genus Phocodon? Agassiz.

•See Proceedings, vol. v, 333.

378

[August,

3. Portions of three teeth, and fragments of two tympanic bones of a species
of spermaceti whale, from the sands of Ashley River. The best preserved por¬
tion of a tooth in its perfect condition appears to have been about five inches in
length, and at its middle it measures four and three-quarter inches in circumfer¬
ence. For the species the name Physeter antiquus is proposed.

4. Quite lately I received from Prof. Holmes fragments of both sides of a lower
jaw, two teeth, and a portion of a rib of a cetacean, from the miocene formation
of Virginia. The species belonged to the family Delphinidae, and probably ap¬
pertains to a new genus. The more perfect of the two teeth appears to have
been about five inches in length, and it is curved conical. The fang is quadrate
and hollowed, and the surface of the tooth, nearly to the end of the crown, which
appears not to have been covered with enamel, is annularly and longitudinally
corrugated. The greatest circumference of this tooth is three inches in length,
and nearly straight. For the animal I propose the name of Orycterocetus qtiadra-
tidens.

August 9tb.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from Samuel V. Merrick, Esq., acknowledging the
receipt of his notice of election as a Member.

Also a letter from James M. Hamilton, Esq., dated New York, Aug.
6, 1853, addressed to Mr. R. E. Peterson, in relation to the Hamilton
Lands. Referred to the Committee on the subject.

Mr. Charles Girard made a communication, on behalf of Prof. Baird and
himself, upon a species of frog, and another of toad, which they had recently de¬
scribed from specimens in the Herpetological Collections of the U. S. Explor¬
ing Expedition. Both of the species were obtained in Oregon, the frog on Puget
Sound, and the toad on Columbia River. He characterised them as follows :

Rana pretiosa, B. and G. — Ground color above reddish-brown, blotched with
black. A deep brown vitta extending from the eye to the shoulder in passing over
the tympanum, and below which is a yellowish one passing over the angle of
the mouth. Beneath dull greenish-yellow. Vomerine teeth disposed in two
roundish groups, between the inner nostrils. Tympanum very distinct, rather
small. Feet underneath granulated. Fingers slender and tapering. Toes webbed
to their tip. A small and flattened horny processus at the base of the inner toe,
and a minute conical metatarsal tubercle situated between the fourth and fifth
toes. Skin finely granular on the anterior portion of the back, more coarsely
posteriorly, and also on the sides of the abdomen. Two dorsal series of pores,
one on each side of the back, but not very conspicuous.

Obs. — Is distinguished from R. aurora, in having proportionally much shorter
legs, especially the hind ones ; also by the palmation of the toes, the membrane
of which extends to their very tip, whilst in R. aurora the tip of the toes extends
beyond their membrane. The granulation of the body and inferior surface of the
feet is another feature by which both species differ.

Bufo columbtensis, B. and G. — Ground color light greenish, with large and
irregular black blotches and reddish dots: a dorsal white vitta; an oblique black
patch under the eye. Beneath of a soiled yellow, maculated. First finger equal
to the second in length. Upper surface of head without elevated ridges and
grooves ; skin in this region rather thin, and firmly adhering to the skull. Pa¬
rotids oblong, quite small. Tympanum small, very distinct. Toes webbed to
nearly their tip. Two large metatarsal tubercles. A membranous ridge along
the inner edge of the tarsus. Skin glandulous.

Obs. — May be distinguished from B. boreas by the relative size of the first

1853.]

379

and second fingers, which, in the present species are equal in length, whilst in
B. boreas the first is longer than the second. The membranes uniting the toes
are more deeply emarginate in B. columbiensis , and in which also the sole of the
foot is granular instead of being smooth.

August 16th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A communication was read from the Royal Bavarian Academy, dated
Munich, 6th Nov., 1853, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings,
vol. 5, Nos. 9 — 12 ; vol. 6, Nos. 1 and 2 ; and Journal, new series,
part 2 of vol. 2 ; and requesting certain Nos. of the Proceedings defi¬
cient in their series; also transmitting their publications announced this
evening.

Mr. Girard presented two communications by Prof. Baird and him¬
self, intended for publication in the Proceedings, entitled u Descriptions
of Fishes collected by Captains K. B. Marcy and George Mc’Clellan, in
Arkansas/’ and u Descriptions of new species of Fishes, collected by
Mr. John H. Clarke, on the United States and Mexican Boundary
Survey, under Lieut.-Col. James D. Graham /’ both of which were re¬
ferred to Mr. Cassin, Dr. Ruschenberger and Dr. Hallo well.

The following communication was read from Dr. D. D. Owen, dated
New Harmony, Ind., August 1, 1852 :

s( After submitting my paper read before the Academy of Natural Sciences,
and printed in the Journal, 2d series, vol. 2, pi. 2, Jan. 1853, on a supposed
new earth, or a modification of a new one, 1 supplied Dr. Genth with a portion of
the mineral, with a request that he would examine it, and let me know the
result.

Dr. Genth had no time during my stay in Philadelphia to enter fully into the
investigation, but since my return to the wTest he addressed a letter to me on the
subject, which reached this place during my absence from home, which I left on
the 15th of June last, and did not return until lately, when the letter was re¬
ceived.

I beg leave now to submit the result of his conclusions in regard to it, which
are very likely correct, though some of the reactions which I obtained require
further investigation, which I propose to undertake when the work I am now en¬
gaged on shall have been completed.

Extract of a letter from Dr. Genth to Dr. D. D. Owen :

“I have just completed the experiments with your thalia,and have come to the
conclusion that it is nothing but magnesia. Magnesia shows sometimes such a
strange behaviour with reagents, that one is inclined to think it a new earth. I
had the same case with my analysis of Kammerite (Rhodophyllite.) It is possi¬
ble that the relations which exist in the mineral had not been destroyed, and that
you have a solution of the mineral, for instance, a solution of aluminate of mag¬
nesia. I separated both w.th acet. of potash, and free acet. acid and carb. of baryta.
The only strange reaction was, that it fell down with NH40,0 in presence of
NH4C1, but I find it now in all the magnesian minerals which I examine in a
similar manner.

From the oxalate of your thalia I prepared the pure earth. With cobalt solu¬
tion before the blowpipe gave it a flesh-colored mass. Dissolved readily in very
dilute acid, and gave no precipitate with ammonia, in presence of chloride-
of ammonium, and all the reactions of magnesia. The sulphate gave with*
sulphate of ammonia the well known double salt in oblique rhombic prisms. The*

380

[August,

pure sulphate with seven equivalents of water crystallized right rhombic, and
had the form, appearance, taste, and gave all the reactions of epsom salt. It
gave me 50.8 per cent, of water, and 35.5 per cent, of sulphuric acid, which also
prove that I had sulphate of magnesia. The analysis of the mineral is, accord¬
ing to J. L. Smith :

H

Si

Al

Fe

Ca

Mg

K.

J. L. Smith, .

. 20.66

45.66

4.87

2 09

3.07

22.10

0.15 - 98.45

E. Reakirt, .

. 19.96

44.07

4.72

1.70*

3.75 21.49

not det.

K Na

P. Keyser,

44.66

7.79

26.60

0.12 0.16

According to these analyses the mineral is Saponite.

As the original communication appeared in your Journal, I think it proper to
forward the above. ”

Mr. Girard exhibited colored drawings of two species of the genus
Salmo, referring one to S. erythroy aster ) De Kay, and the other he con¬
siders as undescribed.

“Its large scales and fusiform body would undoubtedly recall to mind the
salmon, hut on a more close examination the general shape and outline
are far more elegant than in the salmon, preserving altogether better pro¬
portions between the different regions of the body. The head forms about
a fourth of the entire length, whilst in the salmon it is about the sixth only.
The eyes are of medium size, and subcircular in shape, their diameter being con¬
tained about seven times in the length of the head. The posterior half of the
max.llary which is regularly and most decidedly curved downwards, gives to
the shape of the mouth quite a peculiar aspect. The anterior margin of the dor¬
sal fin is equidistant between the tip of the snout and the base of the caudal. The
posterior margin of the latter is regularly crescent-shaped. The adipose is
c-longated, club-shaped, and situated opposite the posterior half of the anal. The
ventrals are inserted under the middle of the dorsal, somewhat nearer the anal
than the pectorals. The scales are remarkably large, contrasting greatly when
compared to those of S. erythrogaster , S. fontinalis^ and S. namaynisk , or amethys-
tus . There are about a hundred and fifteen of them in the lateral line.

The color in the female is uniform silvery grey, darker on the back and head.
Subquadrangular or subcircular black spots are observed upon the sides of the
head, behind the eyes, along the tack, and the half of the flanks, also on the dor¬
sal and caudal fins, to nearly their edge. In the male these same colors exi>t,
but spread all over with a reddish tint, more intense on the flanks and beneath
than upon the head, back, and dorsal and caudal fins, where the red is sometimes
but faintly indicated. The name of Salmo selaga is proposed for this species,
which inhabits the southern part of the State oi Maine.

Mr. Girard, referring to a communication made to the Academy some
weeks since by Prof. Agassiz, on the subject of Crawfishes, remarked :

Previous to the publication of his “ Revision of the North American Astaci,”
&c.,he was wrell acquainted with the fact that the genus Astacvs proper, as now'
understood by Prof. A., w'as represented in North America. He further knew'
that this fact was demonstrated by Prof. J. 1). Dana, in a paper published pp.
10 — 28, of vol. vi. (Jan. 1852), of the Proceedings of the Academy, and that con¬
sequently Prof. Agassiz had no claim upon that discovery.

As to the circumstance that Cambarus Gavibdii may be referred to Astacus on
the ground of having eighteen branchiae instead of seventeen, Mr. G. said he was

• The sesquioxide of iron and alumina contain a trace of Silica, w'hich was not
separated.

1853.]

381

not satisfied that this fact wa3 of a generic value, and consequently described the
species as a Cambams with the same propriety as he might have placed it in the
genus Astacus.

August 23d.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Librarian of the Royal Academy of
Sciences of Amsterdam, dated 27th July, 1853, asking for certain
volumes and numbers of the Proceedings, to complete their series.

August 30th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee on Dr. Hoy’s continuation of his paper on the Orni¬
thology of Wisconsin, reported in favor of publication in the Pro¬
ceedings.

Notes on the Ornithology jyf Wisconsin.

By P. R. Hoy, M. D., of Racine, Wisconsin.

[Continued from page 313.]

CERTHIADJE, (5 species.)

*Certhia Americana, Bonap.

Common throughout the year.

* Sitta Carolinensis, Luiti.

Common, remains during the winter.

* Sitta Canadensis, Linn.

This species does not remain with us during winter. A few nest near Racine,
a greater number in the pine regions in the northern part of the State.

* Parus atricapillus, Linn.

Abundant, remain during winter.

Parus Hudsonicus, Lath.

A small party of this northern species visited Racine during the unusually cold
January of 1852.

AMPELIDiE, (2 species.)

Bombycilla garrula, Vieill.

Arrives in large parties from the first to the last of November, and leaves by
the 15t.i April. The first arrivals are all young birds, destitute of the yellow
markings on the wing, and with less of the wax-like appendages. These young
birds generally proceed further south to winter, while the old birds, in perfect
plumage, arrive later, and seldom, if ever, go further. I never have seen an
individual entirely destitute of the wax ornaments. The only perceptible differ¬
ence between the sexes is in size, the females being slightly the larger. In
fifty specimens accurately measured, the average was :

Females, . 8 5-12— 141.

Males, . 8 2-12—13!.

They are unsuspicious, permitting a near approach. Their fare consists of a
variety of berries, but those of the mountain ash, ( Pyrus Americana ,) appear to
be preferred to all others. They are frequently seen to eat snow as a substitute
for drink.

382

[August,

* Bombyctlla Americana, Swain,

Common, does not remain during winter.

ALAUDIN^E, (2 species.)

* Otocoris alpestris, Linn.

Abundant on the prairies. A few remain during the entire winter.

* Otocoris rufa, Attd.

Not an abundant species with us; becomes more numerous as you go west.

FRINGILLID^E, (33 species.)

Plectrophanes nivalis, Linn.

Abundant from November to April.

Plectrophanes Lapponica, Linn.

Met with in great abundance on the prairies, from the middle of October to
the middle of May. Before they leave us in the spring they are in full song and
perfect plumage. They sing in concert like blackbirds, either while on the wing
or settled on fences.

Plectrophanes Smithii, Aud.

Occasionally met with in considerable numbers on the prairies.

* Zonotrichia iliaca, Bonap. ^

Common during October and Ajml.

* Zonotrichia melodia, Wilson.

Common.

Zonotrichia Pennsylvanica, Lath.

Abundant during spring and fall.

* Zonotrichia leucophrys, Gmel.

Met with in great abundance in company with the preceding. A few nest in
the vicinity.

Zonotrichia graminea, Gmel.

Occasionally seen, but is rare.

•Zonotrichia passerina, Wilson.

Not uncommon in the reedy slews on the .prairies.

•Zonotrichia pusilla, Wilson.

Not an abundant species with us.

* Zonotrichia socialis, Wilson.

Common, arrive 1st of May.

Zonotrichia palltda, Swains.

Not unfrequently met with about the middle of May.

Zonotrichia Canadensis, Lath.

Very numerous autumn and spring, but few remain through the winter.

•Zonotrichia savana, Bonap.

Common on the high prairies.

•Zonotrichia Lincolnii, Aud.

Not uncommon spring and fall, A few remain during summer, and undoubt¬
edly nest with us.

•Niphea hyemalis, Linn.

Common spring and autumn. Do not remain through the winter. Nest on
Lake Superior.

•Ammodromus paltjstris, Wilson.

Common.

1853.]

383

Linaria minor, And.

Abnndant every winter.

Linaria borealis, Temm.

The only time I ever met with this bird was in December, 1850.

* Chrysomttris tristis, Linn .

Common.

* Chrysomitris pinus, Wilson.

Abundant.

* Chondestes gramaca, Say.

Common. Frequently met with in the roads, expanding and closing their fan¬
like tails at every hop. One of the most agreeable singing birds. Their song
is a singular combination of the Thrush, Finch, and Tohe-Bunting.

*Euspiza Americana, Gmel.

Not uncommon.

* Spiza cyanea, Wilson.

Common.

* PlPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMA, Wilson.

Abundant.

•Carpodacus purptjreos, Gmel. *

Common during spring and fall. A few nest with us, many more on the shores
of Lake Superior.

Corythijs enucleator, Wilson.

Numerous during severe winters.

* Loxia curvirostra, Linn.

Abundant in the pine forests. Large flocks occasionally visit our vicinity
during fall and winter, feeding on the seed of the sunflower ( Helianthus annuas )

Loxia leucoptera, Gmel.

Occasionally visit us — not common.

* Pitylus cardinalis, Linn.

A few stragglers nest with us — rare.

* Cocobortts LUDOviciANUs, Wilson.

Common. Arrive 1st of May.

Cocoborus vespertintjs. Cooper.

Not an uncommon bird. During winter and spring they frequent the maple
woods, feeding on the seeds of the sugar maple ( Acer sacchariimn,) in quest of
which they spend much time on the ground. I have noticed this bird as late as
the 15th of May. In all probability they nest within the State. Unsuspicious,
easily approached. Their song lacks the melody of our other species of Gros¬
beaks.

* Pyranga rubra, Wilson.

Common.

STURXIDiE, (9 species.)

* Sturnella Ludovtciana, Linn.

Common, but does not remain during winter.

•Yphantes Baltimore, Linn.

Abundant.

* Yphantes spurius, Gmel.

Common.

384

[August,

•Dolichonyx oryzivora, Linn.

Abundant.

Molothrus pecoris, Wilson.

Common. I found the egg of this bird, in one instance, in the nest of the
Red-winged Blackbird.

* Agelaius xanthocephalus, Bonap.

A few nest within fifteen miles of Racine, in an extensive marsh. Seldom
visit the lake shore.

* Agelaius ph(eniceus, Linn.

Abundant every where.

* Scolecophagus fekrugineus, Lath.

Common fall and spring. Arrive 15th of March. A few remain during
summer.

•Quiscalus versicolor, Vieill.

Common.

CORVIDS, (5 species.)

*Cyanocorax cristatus, Linn.

Common through the year.

Cyanocorax Canadensis, Linn.

Occasionally during severe winters visit the vicinity of Racine.

Pica melanoleuca, And.

Occasionally a straggler visits us. Two were shot in Caledonia, ten miles
from Racine, December, 1848. A gentleman of this city obtained one at Balier
Harbor, on Lake Michigan, November 15, 1849.

* Corvus Americanus, Aud.

A singular fact in relation to the Crow is, that it never takes up its quarters
within fifteen or twenty miles of Lake Michigan, within this State. At Racine
it may be considered one of the rarest birds .

* Corvus corax, Linn.

More numerous than the preceding. Remain through the winter.

TROCHILIDiE (1 species.)

* Trochilus colubris, Linn.

Common.

PICIDiE, (1 species.)

* Picus pileatus, Linn.

Common in heavy timber districts.

Dendrocopus Canadensis, Gmel.

Occasionally met with during winter — rare.

•Dendrocopus villosus, Linn.

Abundant through the year.

• Dendrocopus pubescens, Linn.

Common — remain during winter.

•Dendrocopus varius, Linn.

Common. Leave us 1st of November, arrive 15th April. This Woodpecker
visits the orchards during September and October, to feed upon the inner bark
of the peach and cherry, girdling the stems so effectually as not unfrequently to
kill the trees. I have watched them while thus engaged in my own garden, and
and have carefully examined, under a microscope, the contents of the stomachs
of numerous specimens.

1853.]

385

♦Melanerpes erythrocephalus, Linn.

Common, migratory.

Apternus Arcticus, Swains.

I have specimens of this Woodpecker shot near Racine in the month of No¬
vember.

* Colaptes auratus, Linn.

Common.

•Centurus Carolines, Linn.

Not an abundant species with us. They remain during winter.

CUCULID^E, (2 species.)

* Coccyzus Americanus, Linn .

Not so numerous as the following.

* Coccyzus erythrophthalmus, Wilson.

Abundant.

PSITTACIDAE, (1 species.)

Conurus Carolinensis, Linn.

Formerly Paroquets were common on the Mississippi, within this State — lat¬
terly they are seldom met with.

COLUMBIDiE, (2 species.)

* Ectopistes migratoria, Linn.

Abundant.

* Ectopistes Carolinensis, Linn.

Common. Remain during winter.

PAVONIDiE, (1 species.)

* Meleagris gallopavo, Linn.

Formerly Turkeys were common in this section, but now none are to be found.
The last noticed near Racine was in November, 1846. Abundant in the south¬
western counties.

TETRAONIDiE, (6 species.)

* Ortyx Virginiana, Linn.

Within a few years this Partridge has become remarkably numerous.

*Bonasa umbellus, Linn.

Common in all the timber districts.

* Tetrao Canadensis, Linn.

Common on the head waters of Wolf River and vicinity of Lake Superior.

* Tetrao Cupido, Linn.

Greatly abundant. Two sportsmen, with one dog, generally bag from fifty to
eighty in a day. We challenge the world for finer sporting grounds than the
prairies of Wisconsin furnish during August, September, and October.

* Tetrao phasianellis, Linn.

Formerly quite common near Racine — now seldom met with. Abundant in
all the northwestern counties.

* Lagopus Saliceti, Swains.

In December, 1846, tw'o specimens were caught in a trap ten miles from Ra¬
cine. W est, in the tangle or evergreen swramps of the northwestern parts of the
State. Not numerous.

[To be continued.]

386 [August,

The Committee on the following papers by Mr. Girard, reported in
favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Observations upon the American species of the genus Esox.

By Charles Girard.

The genus Esox is represented in North America by quite a large number
of species, commonly called “ pikes ” or u pickerels,” without any discrimi¬
nation. The same species of Esox may be called here “ pike,55 and elsewhere
ft pickerel.”

When we first undertook the study of these fish, we were at a loss to know to
which species might be strictly applied either of these vernacular names. We
asked fishermen, some of them very intelligent, what the difference in their
mind was, when calling a certain Esox a pike, and another a pickerel ? They
knew of no difference, but that when a pike was spoken of they understood
the very large individuals, whilst the small ones were the pickerels, the young
of the preceding.

In examining comparatively Esox estor and Esox reticrilatus , of Lesueur,
amongst other differences, it will be perceived that in one ( E . estor,) the cheeks
and opercular apparatus exhibit a perfectly smooth and naked skm, whilst in the
other ( E . reticulatus) these same parts are scaly all over.

In tracing the character throughout the range of the species we find naked
cheeks and opercular apparatus in the maskallonge (E. vobilior, Thomps.) in
the pike of Lake Superior, ( E . boreus , Ag.) and in several others still confounded
with Esox estor of Lesueur. On the other hand, Esox americanus, Lacep. ( E.niger
Lesu.) E.fasciatus , Dekay. E . clathratus , Bd., MS., resemble Esox reticulatus
in having the cheeks and opercular apparatus covered with scales.

Consequently there are two groups of species in the genus Esox, based upon an
organic difference, and for which we have two distinct names. The maskallonge
and allied species we ought henceforth to call Pikes , retaining the name of Pickerels
for Esox reticulatus and allied species.

The pikes, when full grown, are the largest of the genus ; amongst pickerels,
we find the smallest species. Esox reticulatus is the largest pickerel known, and
it is as large as any of the specimens of Esox boreus which we have seen.
We would nevertheless be inclined to think that the latter reaches a much larger
size.

The organic difference which we have pointed out between the pikes and
pickerels, corresponds to a curious fact in their geographical distribution in
North America ; the Pikes being confined to the great lakes and western waters
generally, whilst the Pickerels occur in such ponds and rivers whose waters
empty into the Atlantic.

A pike has been introduced into the Connecticut river, and the fact that it has
multiplied there, is no objection to this general law of their distribution.

A Pickerel is said to occur in the Ohio river. We have not seen any specimen
of this fish, the history of which ought to be carefully investigated. If a pickerel
was originally an inhabitant of that body of water, then we shall have one ex¬
ception to the general rule.

Lesueur has indicated under the names of Esox vermiculatus , E. lineatus and
E. depraudus, three species of the genus Esox from the Wabash river. As no
specimens are preserved any where, it will be difficult to identify them, even
upon visiting the place where they occur. But one feature can be easily deter¬
mined, that is whether their cheeks and opercular apparatus are or are not
covered with scales. Any traveller will be prepared to make this observation.

Lesueur’s Esox lugubrosus, from the eastern states, and Esox phalerutus, of
Say, from Eastern Florida, are likewise undetermined in this respect.

Note upon a nest constructed by Catfishs
By Charles Girard.

A few days since, in visiting a small pond, situated above Schuylkill Falls vil¬
lage, an innumerable quantity of small fish were seen along shore, near
the surface of the water. On approaching them they all suddenly disappeared,
and the water being muddy, we could not tell where they went. A scoop net
brought to light a subspherical mass, composed exclusively of green confervae,
and which after examination proved to be a regular nest, constructed, as we sup¬
pose, by the parent fish, whose progeny it contained ; for in it. the small fishes
seen a moment before near the surface had gone to seek shelter. In all proba¬
bility, the eggs were deposited in it, and when hatched, the young, instead of
dispersing themselves, remain for some time congregated, under the care of the
parent who provides food for them.

The number of young fish gathered around the nest, was at least from three to
four hundred, and of different sizes. The largest were about li inch long, and
the smallest about f of an inch. This difference in size seems to us, as indicating
that eggs had been deposited and fecundated at different periods in the nest.

They all had the abdomen distended like full grown individuals before spawn¬
ing. But this was owing to the stomach gorged with food. The skin of the
belly was so tender that soon after death it was entirely decomposed, the intes¬
tine and stomach then appearing outside of the abdominal cavity.

The structure of the nest was very simple, confervae in strings were disposed
circularly all around. The size of the entire structure was about eight inches
in its longest, and six inches in its shortest diameter. There was at least one
opening to get in and out, but this portion of the nest we could not examine
thoroughly from the want of clear water ; and after having been kept for some
time out of the water, it was entirely deformed.

The nest laid at the bottom of the pond, one foot and a half deep in that place,
and protected by aquatic plants growing along shore. The water here is never
subjected to any violent motion, and thus the soft materials of which it was con¬
structed, were resistant enough for that particular locality.

We should think that under other circumstances, as, for instance, a current of
water, catfish would construct their nests of a substance more capable of resisting
a chance of destruction.

Further observations will tell us more about this interesting subject, and it is
with the hope that some one, more favorably situated than we are, will devote
some attention to it, that we have brought before the Academy the very little
it was our good fortune to observe on this occasion.

The Committee on the following papers by Prof. Baird and Mr.
Girard, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Descriptions of New Species of Fishes collected by Mr. John H. ClarZ-, on the
TJ . S. and Mexican Boundary Survey , under Lt. Col . Jas. _D. Graham .

By Spencer F. Baird and Charles Girard.

Pileoma carbonaria, B. and G. — Body elongated, subfusiform, compressed ;
peduncles of the tail slightly detached from the outline of the body. Head
forming about the fifth of the entire length. First dorsal lower than the second,
composed of fifteen rays; second dorsal containing thirteen rays, the extremity
of the posterior ones extending farther back than those of the anal. The latter
have eleven rays, the two anterior of which are short spines. The posterior
margin of the caudal is very slightly emarginate and composed of seventeen
well developed rays and several rudimentary ones above and below. The ven-
trals are lanceolated and composed of one spiny ray and five soft ones; their
tip extends beyond that of the ventrals, and their insertion is a little in advance
of the anterior margin of the first dorsal. Their pectorals are broad and com¬
posed of thirteen rays.

388

[August,

D XV. 13. A II. 9. C 3. I. 8. 7. I. 2. V I. 5. P 13.

Ground color reddish yellow with transverse bars of black. A black spot at
the base of the caudal; latter barred. Base of dorsals, anal and ventrals black.
Pectorals unicolor.

Rio Salado, Texas.

2. Boleosoma lepida, B. and G. — Body compressed, rather thick in the
middle and attenuated towards the extremities. The head is continuous with
the body, and forms one-fourth of the entire length. The first dorsal, the ven¬
trals and the anal are quite small compared with the pectorals and second dorsal.

D IX. 11. A II. 6. C 3. I. 6. 5. I. 2. Y I. 5. P 14.

Ground color reddish, with indistinct transverse blackish bars ; base of the
scales black ; belly and fins unicolor. A vertical black spot beneath the eye.

Upper tributaries of the Rio Nueces, Texas.

3. Pomotis AQUiLENSis, B . and G. — Resembles P. longulus in the shape of
its body which, however, is proportionally less elongated. The flap of its oper¬
culum is much more developed, and directed obliquely downwards. The
mouth is smaller ; the posterior extremity of the maxillary not extending
beyond the vertical line of the anterior rim of the eye. The first dorsal is
higher than the second, just the reverse being observable in P. longulus. The
tips of the ventrals reach the anterior margin of the anal fin. The caudal is
slightly emarginate.

D X. 11. A III. 10. C 3. I. 8. 7. I. 2. V I. 6. P 12.

There are twenty-four rows of scales on the deepest portion of the body.

The ground color as preserved in alcohol, is uniform reddish brown. The
bases of ventrals, anal and dorsal exhibit a large black patch.

Eagle Pass, Texas.

4. CatostOxUus latipinnis, B. and G. — General shape subfusiform; head pro¬
portionally small, contained five times and a half in the total length. Eyes
small, situated near the upper surface of the head; the mouth is small, the
lips large and fleshy. All the fins are very much developed and constitute a
very prominent feature. The upper margin of the dorsal is slightly concave ;
the posterior margin of the caudal, crescent shaped; the anal, ventrals and
pectorals are posteriorly rounded or subconical.

D I. 14. A II. 8. C 5. I. 8. 8. I. 6. Y 10. P 18.

The scales are of medium size, considerably smaller on the back than on the
sides and belly. The lateral line runs through the middle of the sides from
head to tail.

The upper part of the body is reddish brown ; the upper part of tail and
sides, greenish brown: the belly, yellowish orange; the caudal is olive; the
anal, ventrals, and pectorals, show traces of deep orange, especially on their
outer margin.

Rio San Pedro, of the Rio Gila.

5. Gila Emoryi, B. and G. — Body elongated, compressed. Head continuous
with the body, gradually tapering from the nape to the snout. Head forming
the fifth of the entire length. Mouth almost terminal, though inferior; the up¬
per jaw overlappping the lower one of the thickness of the lip. Eyes circular,
of medium size. Anterior margin of the dorsal a little nearer to the snout than
to the base of the caudal ; anterior margin of the anal nearly opposite to the
posterior margin of the dorsal. The caudal fin is deeply forked and slender.
The insertion of the ventrals is in advance of the dorsal, but does not extend to
the anterior margin of the anal. The pectorals are lanceolated, and do not
reach with their extremity to the insertion of ventrals.

D III. 9. A II. 10. C 8. I. 9. 9. I. 7. V 9. P 14.

The lateral line makes a slight curve on the sides, being a little nearer to the
belly than to the back.

Collected by Dr. John L. Leconte, near the mouth of the Gila.

I

1853.] 389

6. Gila Grahamii, B. and G. — Body subfusiform, compressed. Head forming a
little less than the fourth of the entire length. General disposition of the fins
as in the preceding species, they differ in their structure as follow.

D II. 10. A II. 10. C 10. I. 9. 8. I. 10. VI. 10. P 17.

The disposition of the scales presents likewise differences which will be better
understood by figures.

Head above and back, reddish brown ; upper half of sides greyish brown ;
inferior half of sides, greyish yellow. Abdomen, dull yellow, the whole with a
metallic reflection. Fins unicolor, of the hue of the region to which they be¬
long.

Rio San Pedro, of the Gila.

7. Fundulus grandis, B. and G. — Body stout and very much compressed,
five inches lohg ; the head forming the fourth of that length. Back bluish
black, sides greyish, with yellow spots. Beneath dull yellow. Dorsal and
caudal deep bluish black, margined with yellow ; other fins yellow ; the base
of anal spotted. Body and fins of the female unicolor.

Formula of fins : D 11. A 12. C 2. I. 9. 9. I. 2.V7.P 18.

Brackish waters in the vicinity of Indianola, Texas.

8. Fundulus tenellus, B. and G. — Body regularly fusiform, compressed, the
head forming two-ninths of the entire length. Eyes large. The back greyish
yellow, with small black dots irregularly dispersed. A black vitta extends
from the snout, across the eye, down through the sides, to the base of the caudal
fin. Beneath light yellow. Dorsal, anal and caudal greyish with minute black
dots ; ventrals and pectorals yellow, without dots. Anterior margin of anal in
advance of the dorsal. Tip of ventrals almost reaching the anal.

D 8. A 10. C 2. I. 8. 7. I. 1.V6.P 12.

Prairie Mer Rouge, La. (James Fairie, Esq.,) and Russellville, Ky.

9. Hydrargyra similis, B. and G. — Back, bluish grey; sides and abdomen,
yellowish. Transverse narrow black bands in both sexes. Fins yellow, uni¬
color in the female, dorsal, caudal and anal bluish grey. In the male the pos¬
terior margin of the dorsal being provided with one blaek spot arid two yellow
ones, one above, the other below the black. The caudal fin is posteriorly trun¬
cated.

D II. A 8. C 3. 1. 8. 7. I. 2. V 5. P 18.

Brackish waters in the vicinity of Indianola.

10. Cyprinodon elegans, B. and G. — The general form varies according to
the sexes ; the back in the male is very much arched, the body consequently is
deeper than in the female. The largest individuals are two inches and three-
eighths in total length. The head forms two-sevenths of the length. Back deep
bluish black ; sides variegated with bluish black and greenish yellow. The
posterior edge of the caudal is margined with black in the male. A black
spot, more conspicuous in the female, is observed on the posterior margin of the
dorsal.

D 11. A 10. C 3. I. 8. 8. I. 2. V 6. P 14.

Rio Grande del Norte.

11. Cyprinodon macularuts, B. and G. — Body elliptical ly elongated, an inch
and six-eighths long; head short and rounded forming one fourth of the entire
length. Above reddish brown, yellowish beneath, maculated with black ; spots
on the sides with an irregular tendency to arrange in vertical bands. Dorsal
blackish; other fins dull yellow, with a greyish base.

1) 8. A 10. C 3. I. 7. 6. I. 2. V 7. P 12.

From the Rio Gila.

12. Cyprinodon bovinus, B. and G. — Has a general resemblance in shape to
C. elegans; the head, however, is more truncated. The color in the male is
uniform blackish brown above; yellowish green beneath. The fins are unicolor
except the caudal which has a blackish margin. The coloration of the female
differs from that of the male in having the lower portion of the flanks irregularly

890 [August,

maculated ; the fins are unicolor except the dorsal which has a black spot at
its posterior margin.

D9.A8.C6. I. 7. 6. I. 5. V 6. P 14.

Leon’s Springs, Rio Grande del Norte.

13. Cyprinodon gibbosus, B. and G. — The back forms a very prominent arch
in the individuals of both sexes. The nape is often depressed and subconcave.
The head is proportionally small, and the eyes large. The back, upper part of
sides, head, and dorsal fins, are uniformly bluish black in the male ; beneath
golden yellow, and the caudal margined with black ; the anal, ventrals and pec¬
torals, yellow. The female exhibits vertical bars of black on the sides from
the head to the caudal fin which is unicolor like the anal, ventrals and pectorals.
The dorsal is provided posteriorly with a black spot.

D 10. A 11. C 4. I. 8. 7. I. 3. V 5. P 15.

Brackish waters of Indianola.

14. Heterandria affinis, B. and G. — Body elongated, subfusiform and com¬
pressed. Head forming about one-fifth of the entire length. Body yellowish
brown above, orange beneath. Fins unicolor, except the caudal which has two
narrow bands of black.

D 6. A 8. C 3. I. 7. 6. I. 2. V 5. P 12.

Rio Medina and Rio Salado.

15. Heterandria nobilis, B. and G. — General form much stouter than in the
preceding species ; back arched. Head forming the fourth of the entire length.
Ground color reddish ; margin of scales black.

D 8. A 7. C 4. I. 7. 7. 1. 3. V 6. P 10.

From Leona and Camanche springs, valley of the Rio Grande del Norte.

16. Heterandria patrueeis, B. and G. — Body rather elongated, compressed.
Head stouter than in H. affinis , though forming the fifth of the entire length.
Reddish brown above, yellowish beneath.

D 5. A 8 C 3. I. 7. 6. I. 2. V 6. P 11.

Inhabits the Hydrographic basin of the Rio Nueces ; specimens were collected
in the Rio Sabinal, Rio Leona and Rio Nueces, and Elm creek.

17. Heterandria occidentalis, B. and G. — Body, slender 5 back slightly
arched ; head small and conical, forming the fifth of the entire length. Reddish
brown above ; reddish yellow beneath. Fins unicolor, of a light yellowish
white. The ventral line is marked by a black stripe. A black and heavier
line may be observed under the tail, between the posterior margin of the anal
fin and the base of the caudal.

1) 6. A 7. C 4. I. 7. 6. I. 3. V 6. P 10.

Collected in the Rio Santa Crux of the Rio Gila.

Description of Next) Species of Fishes , collected by Captains JR% B. Marcy, and
Geo. B. M’Clellan, in Arkansas .

By Spencer F. Baird, and Charles Girard.

1. Pomotis breviceps, B. and G. — Body subelliptical, rather short; head very
short, fore part convex and elevated; peduncle of tail of medium size. The
greatest depth is more than half of the length, the caudal fin excluded. The
origin of the dorsal fin is in advance of the opercular flap, and is composed of
eleven spiny rays and ten soft ones. The origin of the anal is under the first
soft ray of the dorsal, and contains nine soft and three spiny rays. The pos¬
terior extremities of these two fins extend a little beyond the middle of the pe¬
duncle of the tail. The caudal is slightly emarginated posteriorly, and its
angles rounded ; it is composed of seventeen fully developed rays and a few ru¬
dimentary ones. The ventrals inserted behind the base of pectorals, extend by
their tips to the anus. The pectorals, composed of thirteen rays, do not reach
tjuite so far.

D XI. 10. A III. 9. C 2. I. 8. 7. I. 2. V T 5. P 13.

1853.]

391

The scales are large, higher than long, and disposed in twenty rows on the
line of the greatest depth, and about eight rows on the peduncle of the tail.
The lateral line is very conspicuous, from head to tail, and very much arched
on the body.

The opercular flap is very large, broad and posteriorly rounded, and margined
with whitish. Irregular light lines are observed on the cheeks and opercular
apparatus. The color of the body appears to have been uniform reddish brown.

Otter Creek, Arkansas.

2. Pomotis eongulus, B. and G. — Body rather elongated, subfusiform ; the
head conical and continuous with the body, save a little depression on the snout.
The elongated appearance of this species is owing to the head and peduncle of
the tail being longer than usual in this genus. The posterior tip of both dorsal
and anal fins do not reach the ba?e of the caudal. The origin of the dorsal is
immediately above the membranous flap of the operculum ; it is composed of
ten spiny, or nine or ten soft rays. The anal is situated very far back, its an¬
terior margin begins opposite to the fourth soft rays of the dorsal ; it has eight
soft rays and three spiny ones. rJ he caudal is slightly emarginate posteriorly,
and its angles rounded. It is composed of seventeen fully developed rays and a
few rudimentary ones. The ventrals are placed under the pectorals; their tips
when bent backwards do not reach the anus. The pectorals are subelliptical,
and extend as far back posteriorly as the ventrals.

D X. 9 or 10. A III. 8. C 2. I. 8. 7 I. 1. V I 5. P 13.

The scales are of medium size, longer than high. Twenty seven rows may
be counted across the line of greatest depth of the body, and about thirteen rows
on the tail. The lateral line is regularly arched on the body, and almost
straight on the tail.

Color uniformly dark brown, probably considerably altered by the alcohol.
The membranous opercular flap is comparatively small and entirely black. Ir¬
regular lighter lines are observed on the cheeks and opercular apparatus.

Otter Creek, Arkansas.

3 Leuciscus lutrensis, B. and G. — Body elongated, fusiform, compressed,
largest specimen examined, two inches and three-eights ; head forming a little
less than the fourth of the entire length. Eyes proportionally large. Anterior
margin of the dorsal fin at an equal distance from the snout and base of caudal.
Caudal forked. Anal fin entirely behind the dorsal. Insertion of ventrals in
advance of the dorsal ; their tip not reaching the anterior margin of the anal.
Tip of pectorals almost contiguous to the base of the ventrals. Scales large.
Lateral line forming a very open curve convex towards the abdomen, and nearer
to it than to the back.

D I 8. A I 9. C 2. I. 9. 8. I 1. V 8. P 11 .

Ground color bluish brown; back blue; dorsal fin yellowish brown; caudal,
pectorals and ventrals, reddish.

Specimens of this species were caught in the Otter Creek, Arkansas.

4. Leuciscus bubalinus, B. and G. — Body very much compressed, back con¬
siderably arched, and peduncle of tail quite narrow. Head two-ninths of the total
length, which is two inches and one-eighth. The dorsal and anal fins are very
much developed, while the pectorals and ventrals are comparatively small. The
caudal is forked. The base of ventrals is under or a little behind the an¬
terior margin of the dorsal, and their tip? reach the anterior margin of the anal.
The tips of pectorals are contiguous to the base of ventrals.

D 8. A I 9. C 4. I. 9. 9. I. 3. V 8. P 11.

The scales are large and the lateral line forms a very open curve convex
towards the abdomen and nearer to it than to the back. Differ from the pre¬
ceding by the structure and position of the fins and scales.

Caught with the preceding in Otter Creek, Arkansas.

5. Ceraticthys vigilax, B. and G. — Body fusiform, compressed ; specimens
before us two inches long, probably immature. The head forms the fifth of the

56

392

[August,

length. The eyes are rather small. The dorsal fin is longer than high; its
anterior margin situated almost at the same distance from the snout and the base
of the caudal fin. Caudal fin forked. Anal back of the dorsal. Base of ven-
trals behind the anterior margin of the dorsal; tip not reaching the anal fin.
Pectorals not reaching the base of ventrals. The pectorals, ventrals and anal
are proportionally small compared to the dorsal.

D 9. A 8. C 3. I 8. 8. I 3. V 8. P 14.

Scales large; lateral line running through the middle of the sides, slightly
bent downwards on the abdomen.

Back brownish yellow ; a greenish grey stripe down each side covering the
lateral line.

Caught in Otter creek, Arkansas.

On leave granted, Dr. Leidy made the following communication :

Dr. John Evans, who is now engaged under the United States government to
survey part of Oregon, recently sent to the Academy for examination, ten boxes,
containing alarge quantity of mammalian and chelonian fossils, from the Mauvaises
Terres of Nebraska. In this large collection, it is worthy of remark, there is
not to be found a single fragment of a bird or a fish bone. JMost of the animals
indicated by the remains, have already been described in Dr. D. D. Owen’s
Geological Report, and in the “ Ancient Fauna of Nebraska” of the author. The
collection contains several new genera and species of mammalia, besides frag¬
ments of important parts not before obtained of those species described.

A very large proportion of the collection consists of remains of Oreodon , of
which there are fragments of about two hundred individuals. The species O.
Culbertftonii predominates, and then follows O. gracilis ; while of O. major
there are very few fragments. This enormous quantity of remains of Oreodon ,
would indicate that the animal was gregarious, and existed in immense herds like
the recent Peccary or Bison.

Only a few small fragments of Poebrotherium Wilsonii and Agriochoerus
antiquus are contained in the collection.

Of the two species of Rhinoceros , R. occidental is and R. Nebrascensis , there
are remains of numerous individuals.

Of Entelodon Mortoni the collection contains portions of several crania.

Of Anchitherium Bairdii there are four crania and numerous small fragments
of others.

Of the huge Titan otherium Prontii there are numerous small fragments of
bones and teeth ; and also several entire superior molars, w hich have served
to remove some of the obscurity in regard to the characters of the animal. From
the last mentioned specimens it appears that those, which have been described
as probably indicating a new species of Palceotherinm , under the name P. gigan-
teum , (Ancient Fauna of Nebraska, pi. XVII, figs. 11-13,) belong to Titan othe¬
rium Proutii, while several superior molars (lb. figs. 1-7), attributed to the latter,
belong to a new genifs associating characters of Rhinoceros and Palceotherinm.
For this genus and species, represented by figures 1-7, plate XVII, in the Ancient
Fauna of Nebraska. I propose the name of Eotherium American liu.

Of Machairodus primaevus there are preserved several crania and some qther
bones.

Of the new mammalia above referred to, there are four carnivora and one rumi¬
nant. The carnivora consist of three species of Hycenodon and a new genus.
The ruminant is a new genus closely allied to the recent Moschus. These
interesting animals I propose to name as follows :

1. Hyasnodon horridus, Leidy . — This is the largest of the three species above
referred to. It is founded upon a much fractured skull and lower jaw ; but on
both sides of the specimen the teeth are preserved nearly perfect. The formula
of the dentition is as follows:

3 17

in. — c. — mol. —

3 1 7

1853.]

393

This is the largest species of Hyanodon which has yet been discovered, the
skull measuring one foot in length, whilst the length of the anterior cusp of the
last upper molar or carnassial tooth is one inch in length: and the inferior car-
nassial tooth measures fifteen lines antero-posteriorly. The series of lower molars
closely resemble those represented in the upper left figure of plate XVII of
Blainville’s “ Subursi antiqui” (Ost. Gen.) and the superior carnassial tooth is
like that represented in figures 3 — 3b. pi. XI. of Gervais’ Zoologie Frangaise.

Measurements.

Length from occipital condyle to incisive teeth
Breadth of face at superior carnassial teeth
“ “ “ canines

“ forehead at supra orbital processes

Depth of lower jaw at inferior carnassial tooth
Length of crown of upper canine anteriorly

a a lower “ “

“ series of upper molars

(t tt lower “

2. Hy.enodon cruentus, Leidy. — The second species is about the size of the
Hycenodon /eptorhy fichus , Laizer and Parieu.* It is founded upon a portion of
the left side of a lower jaw, containing the root of the canine, and the third and
fourth molars and the carnassial tooth.

12 in.
4 “
2 «

4 “

3 lines.
3 “

8 “

1 “

3 “

2 “

9 “

Measurements.

Length of the lower molar series 4 in. 6 1.

Antero-posterior diameter of inferior carnassial tooth 10£ 1.

3. IIy.enodon crucians, Leidy. — The head of this species was almost the
size of that of the Prairie Wolf. The specimen upon which the species is founded
consists of the greater portion of a scull, containing on one side the posterior five
molar', and on the other the anterior three molars, and of a lower jaw containing
all the molars on both sides except one.

Measurements.

Length of head from post glenoid tubercle to anterior part
of the upper canine

Length of series of upper molars

5 in.

3 “

2 lines.

Length of anterior cusp of superior carnassial tooth
Antero-posterior diameter of inferior carnassial tooth

5i “

6a “

Djpth of lower jaw below the <£ (( •«

Length of crown of an upper canine anteriorly

1 “

11 «

1. Daphoenus vetus, Leidy. — This new genus and species is proposed upon
a specimen of a cranium without the face, a fragment of a left upper maxilla con¬
taining the posterior three molars, the posterior portion of the left side of the
lower jaw containing the last two molars, and a lower ante-penultimate molar of
the right side.

The cranium is elongated and narrow and possesses very much the form of that
of the recent Paradoxums. The glenoid articulation is transversely concave
as in the weasels, etc. The auditory bullae are comparatively small. Of the
superior posterior three molars, the last is the smallest, and has a simple oval
crown ; the penultimate is second in size and resembles that of the wolf, but is
broader in relation to its antero-posterior diameter ; and the ante-penultimate is
the largest, and also resembles that of the wolf, but is more trilateral, relatively
broader compared with its antero-posterior diameter, and has less elevated
tubercles.

Of the inferior posterior three molars, the last is smallest and very like that
of the wolf ; the penultimate is next in size, and has an oval crown as in the wolf,
but has much less elevated tubercles; and the ante-penultimate, which is the
largest, in relation to the size of the animal, is much smaller than in the wolf,
but it has the same general form ; presenting a broad heel behind, wTorn off flat
in the specimen, and three lobes anteriorly, having the same relation to one an-

* An. des Sc. Nat., 2 ser. xi, 1839.

394

[August,

3 in.

1 “

1 “

5 lines.
11 “
10 «

2* -£

4 «

7 ££

2| “
5* “

7i- ££

other, as in the wolf, but more nearly equal in size and forming together more
of a triangle.

Measurements .

Length of cranium from occipital condyle to the narrowest
portion of the former, which is just in advance of the
bifurcation of the sagittal crest
Breadth of cranium at most prominent part
££ ££ where narrowest

Depth of lower jaw below last molar
Antero- posterior diameter of last lower molar

££ ££ penultimate lower molar

££ ££ ante-penultimate <£

Transverse diameter of last upper molar
££ ££ penultimate ££

££ ££ ante-penultimate molar

1. Leptomeryx Evansi, Leidy. — This is established upon a craninm which
has lost the nose, and is broken at the parietal region. The specimen contains
upon one side all the molars, six in number, and upon the other side the posterior
four molars ; and it is accompanied by a portion of the lower jaw containing the
true molars and the last premolar.

The genus is closely allied to the existing Moschus, and the species was about
the size of the M. Javaniciis. The six superior molars form a closed
row, in advance of which a hiatus exists. The true molars are composed
of four lobes resembling those of recent musks, but they possess a peculiar
generic distinction, which is a tubercle rising out of the base antero-inter-
nally of the postero-internal lobe, about one-third the size of the lobes themselves,
and appearing as if it was a rudimentary fifth lobe. The third premolar consists
of two lobes as in the musks, and the anterior two premolars in section are tri¬
lateral and consist of a broad external and a narrow internal lobe.

The lower true molars are like those of the musks, but in the last of the series
the ordinary fifth lobe of ruminants is notched so that there are actually six lobes
to the tooth. The last premolar is worn in the specimen into a surface, resem¬
bling in some degree the figure 3 in shape. In comparison with Moschus Javanicus
the forehead of Leptomeryx Evansi has about the same inclination forward and
is almost as broad ; but the sagittal crest is longer and the temporal fossae are
more horizontal and more capacious ; the orbits are smaller and more directed
upward; the zygoma is deeper; the post orbital arch is more vertical, and, if
the specimen is a correct representative of the species, it isopen for about aline ;
the glenoid articulation is more deeply concave, and it possesses a strong post
glenoid tubercle; the auditory bullae are much smaller; and finally the inion is
broader.

Measurements .

Length from occipital condyles to first molar
Breadth at zygomata
Length of upper molar series

££ series of lower true molars
Transverse diameter of orbit
Vertical «£ ££

The species I have named in honor of its discoverer, Dr. John Evans.

Of turtles the collection contains numerous carapaces, which present such a
gradation of form, size and growth to the fivt species described in the ££ Ancient
Eauna of Nebraska,” that I feel doubtful whether there is more than one species
among them, for all appear to me to be only different ages of Testudo lata, the
only one which was represented as full grown, as indicated by the sutural con¬
nexion of the costal with the marginal plates.

(The specimens upon which were established the new species and genera in this
communication were exhibited by Dr. Leidy to the members.)

2 in.
2 ££
1 ££

10 lines.

4

11

10

9

ELECTIONS.

Dr. G. Emerson, of Philadelphia, was elected a Member , and the Rev.
Thomas G. Porter, of Lancaster, Pa., was elected a Correspondent.

1853.]

395

September Qth , 1853.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A communication was presented from Dr. M. C. Bead, of Hudson,
Ohio, entitled “ Notes on the Birds of Northern Ohio,” which was re¬
ferred to Mr. Cassin, Dr. Wilson, and Dr. Leidy.

Major Le Conte presented a paper intended for publication, describing
a new species of Pacane Nut ; which was referred to Dr. Zantzinger, Dr.
Bridges, and Mr. Durand.

A communication was read from the American Philosophical Society,
dated September 5th, 1853, acknowledging the receipt of No. 9, Vol. 6,
of the Proceedings.

September 20 th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Major Le Conte read a letter from Mr. J. Barnard Davis, dated
Shelton, Staffordshire, England, August 20th, 1853, relative to the
proposed issue by subscription of a new work, “ Crania Britannica.”

A letter was read from the Secretary of the Trustees of the New
York State Library, dated September 16th, 1853, acknowledging the
receipt of the Proceedings, No. 9, Vol. 6.

September 27th.

The President, Mr. Ord, in the Chair.

The Committee on Mr. Bead’s communication on the Birds of Northern
Ohio, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Catalogue of the Birds of Northern Ohio.

By M. C. Read, of Hudson, Ohio.

1. Falco columbarius, Linn.

Frequently seen in autumn and the early part of winter, though not very-
abundant.

2. Falco sparverius, Linn.

Very common from early spring to late in the fall.

3. Falco peregrinus, Gmel.

Rarely seen.

4. Falco Cooperii, Bonap.

Rarely seen.

5. Falco fuscus, Gmel.

Common.

6. Falco furcatus, Linn.

Occasionally visits the southern counties of the Reserve.

7. Falco hyemalis, Wil.

Abundant during the whole year.

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VI., NO. XI.

57

308

[September,

48. Vireo flavifrons, Vieill.

Abundant through the summer.

49. Vireo Noveboracensis, Eon.

Abundant through the summer.

50. Vireo gilvus, Bon.

Vireo olivaceus, Bon.

Abundant through the summer.

51. Mimus polyglottus, Boie. ,

Rarely seen. Single pairs nest in particular localities nearly every season.

52- Mimus rufus, Bon.

Common.

53. Mimus felivox, Bon.

Very abundant.

54. Turdus migratorius, Lin.

Abundant in summer, and remains in small numbers through the year.

55. Turdus mustelinus, Gmel.

Common.

56. Turdus solitarius, Wilson.

Not so common as the preceding, but frequently seen.

57. Turdus Wilsonii, Bon.

Very abundant.

5S. Turdus Noveboracencis, Lath.

Common.

59. Turdus aurocapillus.

Not abundant.

60. Sylvicola coronata, Swains.

Abundant for a few days in the spring.

61. Sylvicola ruficapilla, Bon.

In smaller numbers in spring.

62. Sylvicoea estiva, Swains. %

Abundant throughout the summer.

63. Syevtcola maculosa, Swains. .

Abundant in spring ; have also seen them in midsummer, apparently carrying

food to their young.

64. Sylvicola pardalina.

A transitory visitor, but not rare.

65. Sylvicola maritima, Swains.

Occasionally seen in the spring.

65. Sylvicola pensilis, Bon.

Seen occasionally in summer, and probably nests here.

67. Sylvicola virens, Swains.

Visits us in company with the other warblers, a part remaining through the
season.

68. Sylvicola Blackburni.e, Jard.

Rare.

69. Sylvicola icterocepiialus, Swains.

Undoubtedly nests here in considerable numbers.

70. Sylvicola castanea, Swains.

Abundant in the spring, have noticed it as late as the last of June.

399

1853.]

71. Sylvicola striata, Swains.

A spring visitant, a few probably nest here.

72. Sylvicola discolor, Bon.

Occasionally nests here.

73. Sylvicola Americana, Aud.

Common in the spring, a few spend the summer.

74. Sylvicola canadensis.

Have obtained many specimens, but in the spring only.

75. Sylvicola Formosa, Wil.

Rare, but a summer resident.

76. Trichas Marylandica, Bon.

Very abundant.

77. Trichas agilis, Nutt. .

Described as a rare bird. In the summers of 1850 and 1851 it was one of the
most common birds, in a dry field overgrown with brambles, in Andover, Ashta¬
bula county. It doubtless nested there in large numbers.

78. Vermivora Pennsylvania, Swains.

Occasionally seen in the spring.

79. Vermivora solitaria, Swains.

Most frequently seen in the spring, at no time abundant.

80. Vermivora chrysoptera, Swains.
Rarely seen in the spring.

81. Vermivora peregrina, Bon.
Rare.

82. Vermivora rubricapilla, Swains.
The most abundant of the Vermivoras.

83. Troglodytes aedon, Vieill.

Abundant.

84. Troglodytes hyemalis, Vieill.

Mainly a winter resident, a few spend the summer.

85. Troglodytes ludovicianus, Bon.

Occasionally seen.

86. Troglodytes brevirostris, Nutt.

Not abundant.

87. Troglodytes palustris, Bon.

Common.

88. Regulus calendula, Licht.

Common. Have shot them in pairs in the middle of summer, one answering
the description of the male, the other plainer and without the ruby crown.

89. Regulus tricolor, Aud.

Common, and like the preceding remains in pairs throughout the summer.

90. Sialia Wilsonii, Swains.

Common.

91. Anthus ludovicianus, Licht.

A transient visiter. Rare.

92. Alauda alpestris, Linn.

Occasionally seen on'the lake shore in the spring and fall.

93. Emberiza nivalis, Linn. .

Appears suddenly in large flocks during long continued cold weather, some¬
times remaining many weeks in the same neighborhood, and again only for a
single day.

398

[SEPTEMBER;

48. Vireo flavifrons, Vieill -
Abundant through the summer.

49. Vireo Noveboracensis, Eon.

Abundant through the summer.

50. Vireo gilvus, Bon.

Vireo olivaceus, Bon.

Abundant through the summer.

51. Mimus polyglottus, Boie.

Rarely seen. Single pairs nest in particular localities nearly every season.

52. Mimus rufus, Bon.

Common.

53. Mimus felivox, Bon.

Very abundant.

54. Turdus migratorius, Lin.

Abundant in summer, and remains in small numbers through the year.

55. Turdus mustelinus, Gmel.

Common.

56. Turdus solitarius, Wilson.

Not so common as the preceding, but frequently seen.

57. Turdus Wilsonii, Bon.

Very abundant.

5S. Turdus Noveboracencis, Lath.

Common.

59. Turdus attrocapillus.

Not abundant.

60. Sylvicola coronata, Swains.

Abundant for a few days in the spring.

61. Sylvicola ruficapilla, Bon.

In smaller numbers in spring.

62. Sylvicola estiva, Swains.

Abundant throughout the summer.

63. Sylvicola maculosa, Swains.

Abundant in spring ; have also seen them in midsummer, apparently carrying
food to their young.

64. Sylvicola pardalina.

A transitory visitor, but not rare.

65. Sylvicola maritima, Swains.

Occasionally seen in the spring.

66. Sylvicola pensilis, Bon.

Seen occasionally in summer, and probably nests here.

67. Sylvicola virens, Swains.

Visits us in company with the other warblers, a part remaining through the
season.

68. Sylvicola Blackburni;e, Jard.

Rare.

69. Sylvicola icterocephalus, Swains.

Undoubtedly nests here in considerable numbers.

70. Sylvicola castanea, Swains.

Abundant in the spring, have noticed it as late as the last of June.

399

1853.]

71. Sylvicola striata, Swains.

A spring visitant, a few probably nest here.

72. Sylvicola discolor, Bon.

Occasionally nests here.

73. Sylvicola Americana, Aud.

Common in the spring, a few spend the summer.

74. Sylvicola canadensis.

Have obtained many specimens, but in the spring only.

75. Sylvicola Formosa, Wil.

Rare, but a summer resident.

76. Trichas Marylandica, Bon.

Very abundant.

77. Trichas agilis, Nutt.

Described as a rare bird. In the summers of 1850 and 1851 it was one of the

most common birds, in a dry field overgrown with brambles, in Andover, Ashta¬
bula county. It doubtless nested there in large numbers.

78. Vermivora Pennsylvanica, Swains.

Occasionally seen in the spring.

79. Vermivora solitaria, Swains.

Most frequently seen in the spring, at no time abundant.

80. Vermivora chrysoptera, Swains.

Rarely seen in the spring.

81. Vermivora peregrina, Bon.

Rare.

82. Vermivora rubricapilla, Swains.

The most abundant of the Vermivoras.

83. Troglodytes aedon, Vieill.

Abundant.

84. Troglodytes hyemalis, Vieill.

Mainly a winter resident, a few spend the summer.

85. Troglodytes ludovicianus, Bon.

Occasionally seen.

86. Troglodytes brevirostris, Nutt.

Not abundant.

87. Troglodytes palustris, Bon.

Common.

88. Regulus calendula, Licht.

Common. Have shot them in pairs in the middle of summer, one answering
the description of the male, the other plainer and without the ruby crown.

89. Regulus tricolor, Aud.

Common, and like the preceding remains in pairs throughout the summer.

90. Sialia Wilsonii, Swains.

Common.

91. Anthus ludovicianus, Licht.

A transient visiter. Rare.

92. Alauda alpestris, Linn.

Occasionally seen on'the lake shore in the spring and fall.

93. Emberiza nivalis, Linn.

Appears suddenly in large flocks during long continued cold weather, some¬
times remaining many weeks in the same neighborhood, and again only for a
single day.

400

[September,

94. Tanagra rubra, Linn.

Common during the whole summer.

95. Tanagra estiva, Gmel.

Not so abundant as above — not uncommon.

96. Fringilla cyanea, Wil.

Common in dry bushy fields.

97. Fringilla leucophrys, Wil.

Abundant for a few weeks in the spring.

98. Fringilla Pennsylvanica, Aud.

As the preceding.

99. Fringilla graminea, Gmel.

A common summer bird.

100. Fringilla fasciata, Gmel.

A common summer bird.

101. Fringilla canadensis, Lath.

Abundant in the winter, a few remain the entire year and nest with us; have
raised them from the nests.

102. Fringilla socialis, Wil.

Very abundant.

103. Fringilla juncorum, Nut.

Common about the bushy holders of streams.

104. Fringilla iliaca. Lath.

Common in the spring and fall.

105. Fringilla hyemalis, Linn.

Most abundant during the winter, yet common throughout the year.

106. Fringilla palustris, Wil.

Rather common.

107. Fringilla tristis, Linn.

Abundant.

108. Fringilla linaria, Linn.

Abundant during extremely cold weather.

109. Fringilla erythropthalma, Linn.

Common.

110. Fringilla purpurea, Gmel.

Stops a few days in the spring in large numbers. Have obtained a single spe¬
cimen in Ashtabula county, in the month of August.

111. Cardinalis Virginianus, Bon.

Ha< become quite numerous, and remains during the entire year ; have shot
them in January, thermometer at 0°.

112. Coccothraustes ludovicianus, Nut.

Nests in large numbers on the borders of streams, and in the neighborhood of
cranberry marshes.

113. Corythus enucleator, Bon.

Rare, though occasionally seen during most of the year.

114. Loxia curvirostra, Linn.

Occasionally visits us in winter.

1 15. Conurus Cauolinensis, Bon.

A few years ago a flock of these birds appeared in Tallmadge, Summit county,
as I was informed by my friend Rev. Samuel Wright. Have myself never seen
them in the Reserve.

1853.]

401

116. Coccyzus Americanus, Bon.

Not uncommon.

117. Coccyzus dominicus, Nut.

Rather more abundant than the preceding.

118. Cot.aptes acratus, Swains. i

Common.

119. Picus pileatus, Linn.

Still frequently seen, though not as abundant as heretofore.

120. Picus erythrocephalus, Linn.

One of the most common species.

121. Picus Carglinus, Linn.

A common resident of the forest, rarely seen in cultivated fields.

122. Picus varius, Wil.

Not uncommon.

123. Picus viulosus, Linn.

Very abundant.

124. Picus rubricapillus, Nut.

Have obtained four or five well marked specimens only.

125. Picus pubescens, Bon.

Very abundant.

126. Picus medianus, Nutt. ?

A small woodpecker answering to the description of this bird, as given in the
later edition of Nuttall, is one of our most abundant species.

127. SlTTA CAROiilNENSIS, Brls.

Very abundant.

328. Sitta canadensis, Linn.

Not so abundant as the preceding.

129. Certhia Americana, Bon.

A common bird at all seasons.

130. Mniotilta varia, Vieill.

Rather common during the summer.

131. Trochilus colubris, Linn.

Common.

132. Alcedo aucyon, Linn.

Common.

133. Hirundo purpurea, Linn.

A village resident, though not as abundant as heretofore.

134. Hirundo rufa, Gmel.

Abundant. Have noticed a few albinos .

135. Hirundo fulva, Vieill.

Prof. Kirtland first noticed the appearance of this bird in Northern Ohio, in
1838. They had then appeared in Columbiana county. They are now abun¬
dant, and in some townships almost every barn is lined under the eaves with
their nests.

136. Hirundo bicolor, Vieill.

Not very abundant, though by no means rare.

137. Hirundo riparia, Linn.

Abundant in favorable localities.

138. Chaetura pelasgia, Steph.

Common.

402

[September,

139. Caprimulgus vociferus, Bon.

Common upon our dry oak lands, rarely seen or heard elsewhere.

140. Caprimulgus Virginianus, Briss.

Common.

141. Columba Carolinensis, Linn.

Common.

142. Columba migratoria, Linn.

Two years ago last spring I noticed the pigeons in vast numbers, in the fields,
feeding upon the dead grasshoppers, the remains of the countless horde which
well nigh devoured “ every green thing during the preceding summer and fall.

143. Meleagris GALLOPAVO,JLinn.

Still common.

144. Ortyx Yirginiana, Steph.

Abundant.

145. Tetrao umbellus, Linn.

Common in particular localities of limited extent.

( To be continued.')

The Committee on Major Le Conte’s description of a new Pacane
Nut, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Description of a new species of the Fdcane Nut.

By John Le Conte.

This species of Hickorea, which I found cultivated in Georgia, is a native of
the State of Texas. The small altitude which it attains, the later period of its
foliation, and the very different form of the nut, readily distinguish it from every
other hitherto described. I have adopted Mr. Rafinesque’s name, Hickorea, for
the genus, in preference to Mr. Nuttall’s Carya, on the ground of priority. What¬
ever may have been the errors or aberrations of Rafinesque, Nuttall was not
justified in changing a name proposed by the former, years before any publication
of his own.

Hickorea texana. — Tree about ten feet high. Leaves 13 inches long, fre¬
quently rather over than under this measurement, composed of 6 or 7 pairs of
leaflets, scarcely petiolated, with a terminal odd one on a rather long petiole ;
leaflets lanceolate acuminate, the lower ones more convex on the upper than the
lower edge, dentate on the uppsfr edge from about one third the distance from
the base ; the lower edge is always most entire, except a few small teeth near
the point. The terminal leaflet is dentate on both edges, but not near the base ;
nut somewhat ovate, pointed at the upper extremity, less so at the lower, flat¬
tened, somewhat rough, and slightly angled ; 1*4 inch long, 1 inch broad.

Differs from H. olivaeformis or common
Pacane nut, in being a much smaller tree,
seldom being more than 10 or 12 feet high,
whilst the other frequently reaches to 80 or
90 feet ; in the smaller size of the leaves,
which rarely exceed 14 inches in length, the
leaflets being 4 or 5 inches long, whilst the
H. olivaeformis has the leaves from 19 to 20
inches long and the leaflets 7 inches ; but
most peculiarly in the shape of the nut ; this,
in our species, is ovate, flattened, although
protuberant on the sides and rough ; in the
other very smooth, cylindrical, pointed at
each end. The leaves of the H. olivaeformis

,T TT are fully formed before this species shows

H. OI.IVSKOM.IS. H. TEX AHA. ^ sjgn Qf fo,iation.

1853.]

403

The Beport of the Corresponding Secretary was read and adopted.

The following amendment to Article I, Chapter 8, of the By-Laws
was adopted :

“ Any Specimen belonging to the Academy and not presented under
restrictions, may be loaned to Members and Correspondents, for purposes
of scientific investigation, by consent of three-fourths of the Curators, and
for a period not exceeding three months : any person to whom specimens
may be loaned, shall first deposit with the Curators a sum, in cash, not
less than fifty dollars, which they may deem necessary to ensure the safe
return of the specimens ; and he shall also be subject to a fine, equal in
amount to one-third of the security given, for each month that the speci¬
mens may be retained beyond the time specified for their return. The
specimens loaned, together with the date at which their return may be
due, shall be reported to the Academy by the Curators, at the meetings
for business in March, June, September and December.”

ELECTIONS.

Mr. Percival Collins, and Dr. S. Wier Mitchell, both of Philadelphia,
and Edward F. Sanderson, Esq., of New York, were elected Members ;

And the Bev. Charles Fox, of Michigan, Philo B. Hoy, M. D., of
Bacine, Wisconsin; J. S. Newberry, M. I)., of Cleveland, Ohio, and the
Bev. A. C. Barry, of Bacine, Wisconsin, were elected Correspondents.

October kih.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From Dr. B. W. Gibbes, dated Columbia, S. C., September 16, 1853,
transmitting a cranium and other Indian remains.

From the New York Lyceum of Natural History, dated Sept. 27,
1853, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings, No. IX, Vol. 6.

From the Boyal Mineralogical Society of St. Petersburg, dated Dec.
3, 1852, acknowledging the receipt of a late number of the Journal, and
transmitting the volumes of their Transactions announced this evening.

October 11th.

Dr. Buschenberger in the Chair.

Major Le Conte presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled “ Descriptions of three new species of Arvicola, with re¬
marks upon other North American Rodents,” which was referred to Dr.
Hallowell, Dr. Leidy, and Dr. B. H. Coates.

A letter was read from the Secretary of the Geological Society of
Germany, dated Berlin, 10th July, 1853, accompanying volumes of their
publications, and desiring those of the Academy in exchange.

Also a letter from the Secretary of the Trustees of the New York
Lyceum, dated Albany, October 4th, 1853, acknowledging the receipt of
No. X, Vol. 6, of Proceedings.

404

[October,

October 18th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, dated
October 7th, 1858, acknowledging the receipt of Proceedings, and also
presenting the volumes of their Memoirs announced this evening.

Also a letter from Philo It. Hoy, M. D., dated Bacine, Wisconsin,
October 7th, 1853, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as
a Correspondent.

Major Le Conte presented a paper for publication, entitled “ Obser¬
vations on Crotalus durissusand C. adamanteus, of Authors/’ which was
referred to Dr. Hallowell, Professor Haldeman and Dr. Leidy.

Mr. C. Grirard presented a paper for publication, entitled ‘‘Descriptions
of new species of Reptiles collected by the U. S. Exploring Expedition,
under Captain Wilkes — part 2nd.” Referred to Dr. Hallowell, Dr. Le
Conte and Dr. Leidy.

A continuation of Dr. Hoy’s u Notes on the Ornithology of Wiscon¬
sin,” was presented by Mr. Cassin, and referred to the Committee on
the previous portions of the paper.

Dr. Leidy called the attention of the Society to the fragment of a jaw
of an extinct Saurian animal, discovered by Mr. M’Leod in the New
Red Sandstone of Prince Edward’s Island. The specimen indicates a
new and remarkable genus, for which Dr. Leidy proposed the name
Bathygnathus borealis.

The portion of the jaw is the anterior part of the right lower half, and
measures five inches in depth. It contains eight teeth, of which the long¬
est when perfect has been two inches. They are compressed conoidal and
curved, with the borders finely serrulated.

Professor Haldeman proposed to change the pre-occupied name of his
Meloe parvus, in the report of Captain Stansbury’s Expedition, to M.
parvulus.

October 25th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee on Major Le Conte’s descriptions of new Arvicolae,
reported in favor of publication.

Description of three new species of American Arvicolcey with remarks upon some
other American Rodents.

By John Le Conte.

From amongst the smaller mammals of this country I select out the genus
Arvicola as a proper subject for a few remarks. Notwithstanding the researches
of those who have preceded me, I have, within the last year, detected three
species which have not yet been described. The object of my observations is
not so much to bring these before the world, as to settle the synonomy of those
which are already found in the books. The confusion among them is very great,
and apparently every day increasing. What may be the result of my endeavors
to enlighten this darkness, it is not for me to say. I can only hope that my con-

1853.]

405

elusions may not in any instance prove erroneous. I do not think that the short
and defective descriptions of others have misled me; although such might well
have been the case. The following descriptions are made as full as possible,
for the time has past when short descriptions of half a dozen words can be of any
use ; the unusual number of objects claiming our attention at the present day in
the three kingdoms of nature, require them to be so dravrn up that they never
can be too minute, nor their details too extended.

The most inconceivable confusion has been introduced into Natural History
by the publication, a few years ago, of a Fauna of the United States. An author
who was scarcely capable of forming a scientific idea, introduced himself into a
place, which a more modest man would have hesitated to occupy, and by as¬
suming discoveries to which he had no right, and imposing names of his own
upon animals which had long been known under other names, has dishonestly
attempted to rob the real discoverers of the credit to winch they were entitled.

Thus, the rubbish of synonomy has been increased, and doubt and uncertainty
introduced where all might have been plain and distinct. I beg leave to offer
a few instances of this author’s conduct in this place ; others will be produced
hereafter. Harlen, in his Fauna Americana, states that the Arvicola amphibius
of Europe is common in this country. Now, there is no proof that he ever sawr
this animal living or dead. He gives a description wrhich is translated verbatim
from Demarest, and shows a woful ignorance of the French language by trans¬
lating “ plus clair ” clearer, instead of paler. Again, he tells us that the Mus
sylvaticus is a native of the United States ; and here again he makes free with
the Frenchman’s words, and again mistranslates. This animal was never seen
living on this side of the Atlantic.

In the following descriptions I have admitted nothing which could be con¬
sidered common to all the species of any genus, such as the color of the teeth,
the hairiness of the posterior inner angle of the mouth, the squamosity of the
under side of the toes, or the color of the eyes ; all those matters merely fill up
space, and ought from the first to be known as unvarying generic, not specific
characteristics. Comparisons with other species mixed with the genuine cha¬
racters, “ notae collatitiae,” so much reprobated by Linnaeus, have likewise been
studiously avoided.

1. Arvicola apella. Auribus brevissimis, sub pilis occultis, intus et extus
pilosis. Pedibus gracilibus, brevibus. Cauda brevi, supra obscure badia, subtus
cinereo-plumbea.

Hab. In Pennsylvania in agris cultis. ("Dr. Woodhouse.)

Hair dark lead color, above tipt with brown, redder on the sides ; beneath
with gray, inclining to brownish on the chin and throat. Head short, blunt ;
ears very short, rounded, slightly hairy both within and without, entirely con¬
cealed under the fur, antitragus short, semicircular. Legs very short; feet pale
browmish, covered with short, shining hair; thumb tubercle, furnished with a
short blunt nail. Tail very short, above brown, beneath grayish. Length, in¬
cluding the tail, in. 4*7 ; head 1* ; ears *2 ; foreleg *5 ; hind leg 1-1 ; tail '7.

2. Arvicola edax. Brevis et robustus, supra spadiceo et nigro permixfus.
Auribus extra pilos exstantibus. Cauda mediocri, supra nigra, subtus cinerea.

Hab . In California.

Body short and thick. Hair plumbeous black, above and on the sides tipt
with shining browm mixed with black, beneath tipt with grey. Head short,
blunt, ears round, not entirely concealed under the fur, hairy within and without,
antitragus large, semicircular. Feet covered with short, shining gray hair,
thumb, tubercle, with a short, very blunt nail. Tail moderate, hairy, above,
dusky beneath, grey, with a slight tinge of brownish

Length as before, in. 5*5 ; head 1*4 ; ears *5 ; foreleg 1*3 ; hind leg 1*5 ; tail 1.5.

3. Arvicola austerus. Supra fusco et nigro permixtus, subtus obscure
schistosus. Auribus extra pilos exstantibus, extus pilosis. Cauda gracili, dense
pilosa.

Hab . In Wisconsin. (Prof. Baird )

405

[October,

Hair above dark plumbeous tipt with brown and black, beneath dark slate-
colored mixed with brown, particularly on the breast, the upper and under sides
of the body being nearly alike. Head large and blunt ; ears rounded, longer than
the fur, outwardly hairy, inwardly only so on the upper margin ; antitragus large,
semicircular; whiskers black and grey, shorter than the head. Feet covered with
shining grey hair; thumb tubercle with a compressed, sharp, hooked nail. Tail
slender, thinly covered with short hair, above mixed brown and black, beneath
brownish grey.

Length in. 5-5 ; head 1-3 ; ears *8; fore leg 1*1 ; hind leg 1-5 ; tail 1*4.

4. Arvicola rifarius. Brevis et robustus, antice quam postice latior. Supra
fuscus, per dorsum subnigricans, subtus cinereus. Capite obtuso, auribus sub
pilis occultis, antitrago magno. Cauda pilis brevibus bene vestita, supra nigra,
subtus pallidissime fusca.

Hab. In paludibus provinciarum borealium. (Phila., Mr. Ord.) A. riparius
Ord., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iv. p. 305. A. pennsylv^nica. Richardson,
Fauna boreali americana, vol. i. p. 120. Idem Audubon and Bachman Quad¬
rupeds of N. America, vol. i. p. 341. Id. Wagner’s Suppl., vol. iii. p. 588. Id.
Schinz, vol ii. p. 247. A. hirsutus Dekay, Zoology of New York, vol. i. p. 86.

Body short and robust, broader before than behind. Hair dark lead color,
above tipt with brown, darker along the back, beneath with grey. Head short,
larger and blunter than in any other species ; ears short, rounded, hairy both
within and without, entirely concealed under the fur ; antitragus large, semicir¬
cular, nearly closing the auditory aperture ; legs and feet brown, the latter
covered with short, shining hair; thumb tubercle, with a short compressed sharp
nail. Tail well covered with hair, above dusky, beneath very pale brown.

Length 6 inches; head 1*4; breadth of head 1*8; ears .4; fore leg 1 in.; hind
leg 1-8 ; tail 1-3.

Swirns and dives well ; is found peculiarly on the marshes of those rivers
where the Zizania aquatica grows. As there is a considerable difference in the
teeth of some of these animals, I have, whenever it was in my power, pointed
out their peculiarities. With the exception of one species which will be men¬
tioned hereafter, they differ much from those of Europe. Unfortunately I have
not been able to obtain crania of many of those here described, otherwise certain
distinctive marks might have been obtained, which would have rendered their
determination much more easy.

System of Dentition. — In the upper jaw the first molar is composed of 5 tri¬
angles, 1 anterior, 2 exterior and 2 interior ; the second of 4 triangles, 1 anterior,
2 exterior and 1 interior, with a small posterior, rounded lobe ; the third of 5 tri¬
angles, 1 anterior, 2 exterior very small, 2 interior, and ends in a trcffle, the ex¬
terior lobe of which is nearly obliterated, leaving a plane space from the end of
the tooth to the posterior triangle.

From this arrangement it results, that the line of teeth in the upper jaw con¬
sists externally of 9 salient and 9 re-entering angles, the two last of each small,
and internally of 10 salient and 8 re-entering angles, exclusive of the interior
emargination of the treffle.

In the lower jaw the first molar commences with a treffle, then follow 6 tri¬
angles^ exterior, 3 interior and 1 posterior; the second of 5 triangles, 2 exterior,
2 interior and 1 posterior ; the third of 3 triangles, 1 anterior, 1 intermediate
and 1 posterior; and the line of teeth is formed externally of 11 salient angles,
including the exterior lobe of the treffle, and 9 re-entering angles, including the
concavity of the side of the treffle, and internally of 11 salient and 11 re-entering
angles, including the lobe and the emargination of the treffle.

5. Arvicola Oneida. Supra niger, pilis sparsis fuscis intermixtus, pluribus
super caput et ad genas, lateribus et abdomine saturate plumbeis, hujus pi-
lorum extremitatibus fuscis, illorum pallidioribus et cinereis. Auribus subpilis
occultis. Cauda supra nigra, subtus nigrante.

Hab. A Noveboraco ad Pennsylvaniam. Arv. Oneida Dekay, Zoology of
New York, 1. c. p. 88.

Hair short and close, not shining; on the back black, with scattering brown

407

1853.]

hairs, more numerous on the head and cheeks; dark plumbeous on the sides and
belly, the hairs of the first tipt with brown, of the other with grey and light
brown. Head very moderately blunt ; lips white ; ears small, rounded, hairy
both within and without, and concealed under the fur ; antitragus large, semicir¬
cular. Feet dusky, covered with short hair ; thumb with a compressed, rounded
nail. Tail above black, beneath dusky, very slightly covered with hair.

Length 5-2* ; head 1.1. ; ears *125 ; fore leg *9 ; hind leg 1-4 ; tail 1*4.

Said by Bachman to be the Arv. pinetorum, to which it bears very little re¬
semblance.

6. Arvicola nasutus. Capite satis magno, magis quam in caeteris producto.
Auribus ovalibus extra pilos exstantibus. Cauda bene vestita, supra fusca,
subtus cinerascente.

Hob. Cum priore. A. nasuta Bach., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. viii. p. 296.
A. nasutus Wiegroan, Arch, for 1843, part 2 p. 53. A. noveboracensis Rich.,

1. c. p. 84. A. palustris Harlan, Fauna Americana, p. 136; Schinz. 1. c. p.
251.

Hair dark plumbeous, above about equally tipt with dark and light brown,
having somewhat of a hirsute appearance, of a uniform mixed color over all the
upper parts, beneath dark cinereous tipt with grey. Head moderately large,
more elongated than in others. Ears oval, projecting beyond the fur, hairy both
within and without; antitragus moderate, semicircular. Feet covered with
shining, pale brown hair ; thumb tubercle, w’ith a compressed, curved, blunt
nail. Tail well covered with hair, above dark brown, beneath greyish.

Length 6-5 ; head 1-8 ; ears *35 ; fore leg *8 ; hind leg 1*4 ; tail 1-2.

I have not, myself, met with this species any where but in Pennsylvania, but
I have heard of it in almost all the Northern States. It has been confounded by
Richardson with the A. noveboracensis of Rafinesque, which it very much re¬
sembles, but is easily told by the longer and narrower head, and by a difference
in the upper incisors. Dr. Harlan, in his Fauna Americana, wishing to deprive
Mr. Ord of the merit of having first described the A. riparius, published this
species under the name of A. palustris, and quoted A. riparius as a synonym.
His own ignorance defeated him in this project, and made his ill faith more ap¬
parent. Had he only been honest, he would have consulted Mr. Ord on the
identity of the two animals, and then might have justly claimed this species as
his own.

7. Arvicola Pennsylvanicus. Capite satis magno et obtuso, dentibus primo-
ribus superioribus margine interiore le\ iter subsulcatis. Auribus brevibus sub-
pilis occultis, antitrago magno, auris aperturam omnino occludente.

Hab. In provinces borealibus. (Phila., Mr. Ord.) Arv. pennsylvanicus Ord.
A. riparius Rich., 1. c. p. 120. A. xanthognathus Dekay, 1. c. p. 90. Lem-
mus noveboracensis Raf. A. pennsylvanicus Wagner, 1. c- p. 589 ; Schinz., 1.
c. p. 247.

Hair long, soft and glossy, dark lead color, above tipt with brown intermixed
with longer black hairs, beneath tipt with shining grey. Head moderately blunt
and large, upper incisors very slightly sulcate on the inner edge ; lips white ;
ears oval, projecting a little beyond the fur, hairy both within and without; an¬
titragus large, semicircular, entirely closing the auditory passage; feet dark
brown, covered with short shining hair; thumb tubercle with a short, com¬
pressed, blunt nail. Tail depressed, w’ell covered with hair, black, beneath a litile
paler.

Length 7 in. ; head 1*4 ; ears *25 ; fore leg -9 ; hind leg 1*7 ; tail 1-8.

The dentition is nearly the same as of the A. riparius. In the upper jaw’ the
posterior interior angle is furnished w’ith a small, sharp, posterior lobe, and the
third molar of the low’er jaw terminates in a roundish piece, wThich is so cut by
the last re-eritering angle on its inner side as to form another interior salient
angle, w’hence the interior line of teeth in the low’er jaw is composed of 12 salient
and 11 re-entering angles.

This species, first described by Mr. Ord, is probably the one confounded by

403

[October,

Pennant with the Arv. agrestis of Europe. It is very easily distinguished from
any other of the genus that I have seen in America, by the furrow on the inner
margin of the superior incisors, and by the large antitragus of the ear, which
completely closes up the auditory passage as with a valve, the last character
showing that it is peculiarly fitted for an aquatic life. It is generally pointed
out by American naturalists as the A. xanthognathus of Leach, a species which
I have never had the good fortune to see, and which I scarcely believe has ever
been found fhr from the Arctic regions. As for its habits, it delights in marshy
places, and swims and dives with much dexterity. It leaves the lower grounds,
however, and is often found in upland meadows. Formerly it was very common
in the vicinity of New York. This was before the advance of population on that
favored spot had destroyed everything connected with nature, except the vices
of man.

There is generally quoted in connection with this species of Arvicola, a figure
in Wilson’s Ornithology, vol. vi., pi. 50, which has nothing characteristic about
it, and may as well be said to represent anything else.

8. Arvicola borealis. Capite magno et obtuso, auribus brevibus, sub pilis
occultis. Tarso subtus dense piloso. Cauda sparse pilosa, supra nigrante, sub-
tus fusco cinerea.

Hab. In provinciis borealibus. (R. Island, Mr. Powel.) A. borealis Rich.,
1. c. p. 127. Wiegman’s Archiv., 1843, part 2, p. 53. Schinz., 1. c., p. 251.
Wagner, 1. c. 593.

Hair very shining, dark plumbeous, above and on the sides tipt with bright
brown and black, so as to have a somewhat variegated appearance, beneath with
gray very slightly tinged with brown. Head large, short and blunt ; ears round,
entirely concealed under the fur, hairy both within and without; antitragus large,
semicircular. Feet light cinereous brown, covered w'ith short shining hair, the
tarsi beneath densely hairy ; thumb tubercle, with a short, straight blunt nail.
Tail thinly covered with hair, above- dusky, beneath brownish grey.

Length in. 6 2 ; head 1*3 ; ears *25 ; foreleg *9 ; hind leg 1*7 ; tail 2.

9. Arvtcola californicus. Subvariegatus rufescenti-fusco et nigro. Corpore
brevi et robusto, pilis speciem hirsutiei habentibus, revera tamen mollibus et
levibus. Auribus submagnis, pene sub pilis occultis. Cauda supra fusca, sub¬
tus fusco-cinerea.

Hab. In California. A. Californica Peale, Zool. Expl. Ex. Quadrupeds, 46.
Body short and thick. Hair rather long, very shining, at the roots plumbeous
black, above and on the sides tipt with reddish brow'n and black in such a man¬
ner as to give it a hirsute appearance, wThich in reality it does not possess, be¬
neath with grey. Head blunt; ears rather large, almost concealed under the fur,
hairy both within and without. Feet covered with short shining, greyish brown
hair; thumb tubercle, with a compressed blunt nail. Tail above brown, beneath
cinereous brown.

Length 5*7 ; head 1-3 ; ears *46 ; fore leg 1 ; hind leg 1*5 ; tail 1*5 ; fur *45.

The dentition differs from that of A. riparius as follows : In the upper jaw the
second interior triangle of the first tooth is furnished with a small, sharp poste¬
rior lobe, and the interior triangle of the second has likewise a sharp posterior
lobe, fn the lower jaw’ the first tooth is formed of 8 triangles, 1 anterior, which
may rather be called an oval, 1 posterior, 3 exterior and 3 interior. The line of
teeth in the upper jaw differs in having internally 9 salient and 9 re-entering
angles, and in the lower jaw in having externally 10 salient and 9 re-entering
angles, and internally 12 salient and. 11 re-entering angles.

10. Arvicola occidentalis. Pilis mollissim’s et tenuissimis, extremitatibus
superioribus rufis sine ulla nigri adrnistione. Auribus sub pilis occultis. Cauda
sub compressa, supra et subtus concolore rufa.

Hab. In territorio Oregonensi. A. occidentalis Peale, 1. c., 45.

Hair dark plumbeous, very soft and fine, above tipt with bright rufous without
any admixture of black, beneath with grey. Head blunt ; cars round, entirely
concealed under the fur, hairy only on the outside ; antitragus rather shorter than
usual. Feet covered with short shining, ru ous hair; thumb tubercle, with a

1853.]

409

compressed sharp nail. Tail slightly compressed, rufous, of the same color
both above and below.

The dentition is the same in every respect as in Arv. riparius.

We are indebted for this pretty animal, as well as for the preceding species,
to the researches of Mr. Titian Peale, who was one of the Naturalists of the
United States Exploring Expedition, under the command of Capt. Wilkes.

11. Arvicola pinetorum. Pilis plumbeo-nigris, supra extremitatibus fuscis,
subtus argenteo-cinereis. Oculis minimis, vix evidentibus. Auribus sub pilis
occultis. Pedibus brevibus. Cauda brevi, obtusa,;pilo3a.

Hab. In Carolina et Georgia in cultis. Vulg. Mole Rat or Ground Mouse.
Psammomys pinetorum Leconte, Ann. Lyc. 2, 133, tab. 2. Arv. pinetorum Aud.
and Bach. Quadr. N. A., Yol. ii. p.,216. Wagner, 1. c. p. 591. Schinz., 1. c. p.
249.

Body cylindrical. Hair short, shining, plumbeous black, above tipt with brown,
beneath with silvery grey. Head large, short and blunt ; eyes very small, scarcely
visible; ears small, roundish, hairy within and without, entirely concealed under
the fur; antitragus short, flat, semicircular. Legs short, brown, covered with
short shining hair; thumb tubercle, with a compressed, curved nail ; nails of the
toes long and slender, naked (no hairs projecting over them as in every other
species.) Tail very short, blunt and hairy.

Length 3-8 ; head 1*1 ; ears *15 ; fore leg *7 ; hind leg -8 ; tail *7.

The dentition of this species, and of the following, differs very much from that
of any others which I have examined. The molars in the upper jaw are precisely
like those of the common European species ; while in the lower jaw they are
widely different. Upper jaw: the first molar is composed of 5 triangles, 1 an¬
terior, 2 exterior and 2 interior ; the second of 4 triangles, 1 anterior, 2 exterior
and 1 interior ; the impressed spaces on the crowns of the teeth, in the posterior
interior triangle of the first and second teeth, are rectangularly oblong ; the third
molar is formed of three triangles, 1 anterior, 1 exterior and 1 interior, and ends
in a three-sided piece, which is rounded at its apex, and deeply cut into on the
interior side by the last re-entering angle. The upper line of dentition consists
externally, of 9 salient and 8 re-entering angles, and internally, of 8 salient and
7 re-entering angles. In the lower jaw the first tooth begins with a treffle, then
follow 6 triangles, 2 exterior, 3 interior and 1 posterior ; the second of 5 triangles,
2 exterior, 2 interior and 1 posterior ; the third is narrowed anteriorly, and formed
of 3 triangles, 1 anterior, 1 intermediate and 1 posterior.

The lower line of teeth consists, externally, of 7 salient and 6 re-entering
angles, with two emarginations on the external face of the last tooth, internally,
of 11 salient and 10 re-entering angles.

Previous to the year 1810, this little animal, although well known in the pine
region of lower Georgia for its depredations in the cultivated fields of the inhabit¬
ants, had not made its appearance in the oak lands. The first one that I ever saw'
was at that time brought to me as a great curiosity ; since then they have become
extremely common, and very destructive to sweet potatoes and ground nuts.
How long they have been known in South Carolina I have no means of ascer¬
taining.

Its life is wholly subterranean ; it is therefore never seen except when acci¬
dentally or designedly turned up from beneath the surface.

12. Arvicola scalopsoides. Capite magno et obtuso ,* auribus parvis margine
solo exteriore piloso, sub pilis occultis, tarso subpiloso. Supra castaneus subtus
cinereus.

Hab. In Pennsylvania. A. scalopsoides Bachm. Journ. Acad. Sci., Phil.,vol*
viii. p. 299.

Hair shining, plumbeous, above tipt with chesnut slightly mixed w-ith blackish,
beneath cinereous tipt wTith g?ey, the latter color tolerably distinctly separated
on the sides from the former. Head large and blunt ; ears rounded, hairy in¬
wardly on the upper edge only, concealed under the fur ; antitragus small, semi-
siicular; w'hiskers grey, longer than the head ; feet covered writh short shining,

110 [October,

pale brown hair ; carpus and tarsus hairy beneath. Tail well clothed with short
hair above and tipt with dark brown, beneath pale brown.

Length 4-7 ; tail *8 ; head 1*2 ; ears *17 ; fore leg *8 ; hind leg 1*4.

The dentition is precisely like that of the preceding, the A. pinetorum.

I know nothing of the habits of this animal, but Conclude from its large eyes,
that its life is not subterranean.

The next genus which I shall examine is Hesperomys ; of this I have two new
species to describe, one from the North and one from the South, and as an ap¬
pendage, shall add the Mus Leconteiof Bachman, which is a Reithrodon, and
neither a Mus nor a Hesperomys.

Those American animals which were formerly arranged in the genus Mus,
have, from a more attentive examination, been removed to this. For a long time
naturalists hesitated where to place them; hence, we sometimes find them called
Arvicolae. Mr. Waterhouse finally gave them the name which they now bear.
Whether the illustrious author intended by this name to indicate their nocturnal
habits, or their western habitat, in either case it is perfectly appropriate. It
may well be doubted whether there is a single species of Mus really indigenous
to America. There is but one instance which makes me hesitate to assert this
positively. In Georgia there is a rat, inhabiting the middle parts of the State,
which Dr. Bachman considers as a variety of the Mus Rattus, from which, how¬
ever, it appears to me to differ very considerably. How it could be imported
from abroad and only found in the interior of the country, and there not in cities
and among human habitations, I cannot conceive. Why has it not extended
everywhere as well as in the more southern States ? and why has nothing re¬
sembling iteverbe«n described in Europe, whence we have undoubtedly received
the Mus Rattus? It may have been brought from Africa or some tropical region,
and therefore not able to bear any colder climate than that of Georgia or South
Carolina.

The molars of Hesperomys vary from those of Mus in the following particulars :
They are proportionally longer and smaller. In Mus they have each three trans¬
verse striae-tubercles ; in Hesperomys, the series of teeth present a double row of
tubercles not standing perfectly opposite each other, but more or less alternating,
and separated in the middle by a deep longitudinal furrow meandering among
them ; the inner ones of these tubercles in the upper jaw and the outer ones in
the lower, seeming to be formed by a reduplication in the sides of the teeth. All
the molars have some alternating indentations or folds of the enamel. The first
has 2 internally and 1 externally, the rest having one on each side, except H.
leucopus, which in the second superior molar has 2 on each side, one of the exte¬
rior being smaller. On the two first teeth of the upper jaw there is a small false
tubercle at the mouth of each of the indentations. The indentations and the tu¬
bercles of the hindmost tooth, both above and below, become early obliterated.
In the lower jaw the number of tubercles are similar to what We find in the
upper, that is to say the first tooth has 5 tubercles, the second 4, and the third 3.
This is the structure of the dentition when the teeth are not altered by age and
long use ; when, however, the tubercles become ground down, the plicated figures,
which formerly were of a determinate and invariable form, become changed, and
finally vanish entirely, and the surface of the tooth becomes plain. When the
teeth of a Mus are abraded, there are formed on the surface simple oblique fur¬
rows across their crowns. I begin with the largest of the genus.

1. Hesperomys palustris. Pilis cinereis, supra saturatioribus, extremitati-
bus supernis fuscis et nigris, abdominalibus cinereo-albis. Auribus parvis intus
et extus pilosis.

Hab. In Georgiae et Carolina oryzaceis. Mus palustris Harlan, Silliman’s
Journ., xxxi., 385. Wagner, 1. c. p. 543. Arvicola oryzivora Aud. and Bach.,
Quadrupeds of N. A., vol. iii. p. 214.

Hair cinereous, above darker, tipt with brown and mixed with longer and
blacker hairs, wrhich are more numerous on the back, so as to make that part of
the body much darker, beneath tipt w'ith grey. Nose rather pointed ; ears small,
nearly round, clothed both inwardly and outwardly with short hair. Feet

1853.]

411

covered with short, silvery brown hair, not projecting over the nails. Tail scaly,
thinly covered with short hair, more densely on the under side.

Length of the head and body in. 5*5; tail 4*8; head 1*6; ears *45: fore leg 1*1;
hind leg 2* ; foot 1’35.

In the short synonomy attached to this species there is more to be found than
at first sight meets the eye. It is with much regret that I find myself compelled
to adopt Harlan’s name, and to consider the very appropriate one proposed by
Dr. Bachman as a synonym. The following explanation of the circumstances
which force me to this will, I hope, be satisfactory. May it produce an effect
quite contrary to what was calculated upon by the author of the name. Dr.
Harlan was certainly the first describer of this animal. In natural science the
law of priority is inflexible ; and a fact made known by a vain and ignorant pre¬
tender, or procured, as in the present instance, by dishonorable means,
is entitled to the same record as one discovered by the patient and sincere
searcher after truth. Dr. Bachman’s observations on this subject, in the third
volume of the Quadrupeds of North America, seem to imply that, as the name
of Arvicola palustris is pre-occupied by Harlan himself, in Fauna Americana,
p. 136, the specific name could not be given to the animal before us ; but as it is
by no .means an Arvicola, and as Harlan called it a Mus, (as in his day it would
have been called by every one,) the objection is of no avail, and the name must
stand. Besides, the A. palustris of Harlan is itself, with him, a synonym of A.
riparius, but truly a synonym of A. nasutus ; the man’s ignorance defeating his
dishonest intention to deprive Mr. Ord of the name.

This rat inhabits the inland rice plantations of Georgia and South Carolina ;
dives and swims with the most perfect ease. It makes its nest among the rice
about two feet from the ground, but in the winter burrows in the dams; is
very carnivorous, and so nearly resembles the Mus decumanus, or house rat, as
at first sight to be taken for it. It is readily distinguished by the shortness and
hairiness of the ears.

2. Hesp. gossypinus. Supra fuscente-badius, lateribus dilutioribus, subtus
cinerascente-albidus. Capite magno, naso elongato, auribus magnis, erectis, ro-
tundis, nigrantibus, extus subnudis.

Hab. In Georgia. Vulg. Cotton Mouse.

Hair dark plumbeous, above on the top of the head and back tipt with brown
and dusky, on the other parts with brownish tawny, lightest on the sides, be¬
neath slightly with whitish and cinereous, so that the under side of the body
appears greyish, which color is rather abruptly separated from the tawny of
the sides, upon which it rises in a curve a little behind the fore legs. Head very
large ; nose long, projecting, dusky ; cheeks tawny ; lips white ; eyes large and
prominent ; ears large, round, erect, dusky, almost naked, with a few short,
brown, appressed hairs at the base. Nails covered by the hair of the toes. Tail
hairy, above dusky, beneath brown.

Length of head and body 4-5 ; tail 3 inches ; head 1*5 ; ear length *67, breadth
•66 ; fore leg 1*1 ; hind leg 1*9 ; tarsus *8.

Younger individuals are not so tawny on the sides as the older. This species
is considered by Dr. Bachman as a variety of the next. It is, however, three
times as large, and lives in a different manner. It forms its nest under logs and
under the bark of decaying trees, generally of cotton, frequently using more than
a pound of this material for the purpose.

Fifty years ago this mouse was scarcely knowTn 'to the inhabitants of the
southern parts of Georgia. Since then they have become extremely common,
have left the fields and woods, and taken up their abode in barns and dwelling
houses. In the year 1809 I first saw and; for my private satisfaction, made a
description of this animal. The specimen was a female ; and when caught, had
two young ones attached to her tail, with which she was endeavoring to escape.
I never saw but one other for several years after, I then found, probably in the
year 1822, that no animal of this kind was more numerous over the whole
of that part of the country.

It differs from the next, H. leucopus, more obviously, in the nose being more

58

412

[October }

prominent, the head larger, and the fore feet not being so different in length from
the hind as to cause its usual mode of progression to be by leaps. The propor¬
tion between the fore and hind feet in this species being as 1 to 1*75, whereas
in H. leucopus it is as 1 to 2.

3. Hesp. leucopus. Supra laete badius interdum prope aurantiacus, subtus
niveus, coloribus a se abrupte disjunctis. Capite subobtuso, auribus magnis,
erectis, ovalibus, subnu^is, margine angustissimo sub-albido.

Hab. In provinces borealibus. Hesp. leucopus Wagner, Schreber, Suppl. vol.
iii. p. 528. Musculus leucopus Rafinesque, Am. Month. Mag., vol. iii. p. 444.
Mus leucopus Richardson, 1. c. p. 142. Id. Dekay, Zoolog. New York, vol. i.
p. 82. Id. Schinz., vol. ii. p. 176. Mus agrarius, var. 2, Turton’s Linnaeus,
vol. i. p. Id. Godman’s Fauna, vol. ii. p. 88. Mus sylvaticus Harlan, Fauna,
p. 149. (Description translated from Demarest and not applicable.) Arvicola
Emmonsii Emmons, Mass. Report, p. 61. Cricetus myoides Gapper, Zool. Jour.,
vol. v. p. 204. Cricetomys myoides Schinz., 1. c. p. 204. Field Mouse, Pen¬
nant, Arc. Zool., vol. i. p. 131. Vulg. Jumping Mouse.

Hair dark plumbeous, above tipt with tawny or dark orange, on the top of the
head and back with brown and tawny, beneath, for at. least two-thirds of the
length of the hair with snowy white ; the tawny color of the sides very bright,
and abruptly separated from the snowy color of the belly, the line of separation
very distinct and well defined, and curved upward on the sides both before and
behind the forelegs. Head moderately blunt ; eyes prominent, black and very
lively ; nose and lips white ; cheeks bright tawny ; ears large, erect, oval, blunt,
nearly naked, being furnished with short, closely appressed hairs, not in very
great quantity, and narrowly margined with whitish. Fore legs generally white on
all sides ; hind legs outwardly tawny, inwardly white ; feet pale flesh color, with
closely appressed white hairs projecting beyond the nails. Tail above brownish
dusky, beneath cinereous brown. In winter the fur frequently becomes darker
colored, being over almost all the upper parts dark cinereous mixed with tawny.

Length in. 3-9 ; head 1*2 ; ears height -55, width *35 ; fore leg -9 ; hind leg -18 ;
tail 2-9 ; tibia and tarsus 1*8.

Specimens are brought from California and from Oregon that are above much
darker colored ; the plumbeous color of the lower portion of the hair appearing
more distinctly among the tawny tips, which are thus rendered but here and
there visible ; the upper color is separated from that of the belly as distinctly as
in others ; the outer side of the fore legs, however, is not white, but of the color
of the back. In other specimens, the upper parts are more uniformly brownish
tawny, and the belly not so white; the fore legs also are of a dull white. In
none of them are the white parts so beautifully snowy. All of them that I have
seen had been preserved in alcohol, and were, therefore, more or less unfit for
description. There may be really distinct species among them.

This animal burrow’s in the ground, forming long galleries, and proves very
destructive in gardens. It becomes, in some places, impossible to cultivate
certain species of bulbous roots, as hyacinths, tulips, &c., without some contrivance
by w'hich they may be protected from their depredations. The best method
which I have seen used was, surrounding each root with a flow’er pot, the bottom
of w'hich was knocked out. The robber does not penetrate very deep into the
earth, he is thus quickly stopped in his progress, and forced to look elsewhere
for food. Their usual mode of progression when on the surface is by leaping,
hence their name of Jumping Mouse. The name of Deer Mouse is given in Ca¬
nada to the two species of Jaculus ; it is only used in that country, as the Jaculi
are so seldom seen in the United States as to be only known to naturalists. In
the winter they enter houses, particularly cellars, and support themselves in the
same manner as the Mus musculus. In green houses they are extremely de¬
structive to cacti and other succulent plants. I have never known them to form
their nests in trees, or 1o occupy deserted birds’ nests ; it is another species of
this genus which has this habit. This species I have found it impossible to obtain,
although formerly quite numerous in the vicinity of New York. M. de Selys
Longchamps, in his Micro-mammalogia, pp. 66 and 67, makes some observations

1853.1

413

on this mouse, and proves that it cannot be the same as the Mus sylvaticus of
Europe ; he calls it Mus noveboracensis. I cannot find whence he got this name,
but should rejoice much to find that it had been proposed by some naturalist
before Rafinesque, that we might get rid of the Greek name which is now indis¬
solubly attached to it.

4. Hesp. campestris. Supra fuscus, subtus cinereo-fuscus. Capite magno,
auribus rnagnis, ovalibus, obtusis, pilis brevibus sparse vestitis.

Hab. In Nova Cassarea.

Hair plumbeous black, above tipt with brown, beneath with cinereous brown,
darker about the mouth. Head large.; ears large, oval, blunt, thinly covered
both within and without, with very short, closely appressed hair. Legs and feet
brown. Tail well clothed with tolerably long hair.

Length in. 3-4 ; head 1-2; ears 55-; width *4; fore leg *45 ; hind leg 1-6;
tail 2;7.

This species was found in the collection of the Academy, and labelled Mus
campestris, from New Jersey. The specimens were preserved in alcohol, and
therefore scarcely fit to be described ; there was, however, enough to show that
they were different from any hitherto described animal.

5. Hesp. sonoriensis. Supra saturate cinereus fuscescente-eano leviter inter-
mixtus, subtus albescens. Capite elongato, auribus rnagnis. Cauda modica.

Hab. In provincia Sonorae.

Hair above dark cinereous or slate color, slightly mixed with brownish grey,
more thickly on the head, nose, and behind the ears, and with grey on the sides;
beneath whitish, except on the throat, which is mixed slate-color and whitish.
Head elongated, pointed ; ears large, oval, hairy both within and without, and
with a distinct narrow grey margin. Feet covered with short, whitish brown
hair. Tail moderate, above dark brown, beneath paler.

Length in. 3*3; head T2 ; ears *4; fore leg 1* ; hind leg 1*8 ; tail 1*9.

Resembles in some degree the H. leucopus. Collected by the Boundary Com¬
mission, under Major Graham.

These are all the species of this genus of which I have specimens at present.
Messrs. Audubon and Bachman describe in addition, H. humilis, H. aureolus, H.
caroliniensis and H. michiganensis under the genus Mus. With all of these, ex¬
cept the last, I was well acquainted forty years ago.

I cannot omit saying something here of an animal described by Dr. Dekay in
the Zoology of the State of New York, vol. i. p. 31, under the name of Mus
Americanus. This is certainly a Hesperomys, or a species of one of the allied
genera, and not a Mus rattus, as Dr. Bachman supposes. It is some years ago
since it was found in the city of New York, and handed to me for examination
by Mr. John G. Bell. I took the following notes of it at the time, and had it
passed to Dr. Dekay, who was then engaged in writing the Zoology of the State.

The animal was above and beneath of a uniform dark plumbeous black in¬
clining to dusky ; head rather blunt ; eyes prominent ; ears oval, blunt, externally
naked, internally sparsely hairy. Feet small, covered with short shining hair ;
toes wdiite. Tail short ; terete, annulosely scaly.

Length of head and body 9'3 ; tail 5-6 ; head 2‘4 ; ears *75 ; w'idth *45.

Reithrodon Lecontei. Supra rufo, fusco et nigrante mixtus, subtus albidus ;
naribus carunculatis, labris tumidis. Auribus rnagnis.

Hab . In Georgia. Mus Le Contii Bachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc., vol. viii.
p. 307.

Hair plumbeous, above tipt with rufous, dark brown and dusky, the latter color
prevailing more on the back. Forehead much arched ; eyes large; lips tumid ;
nostrils each furnished beneath with a small caruncle pointing dowTnwards ; ears
oval, large, hairy both within and without. Feet very pale flesh color, covered
with short cinereous brown hairs. Tail long, nearly naked, above brown, be¬
neath paler.

Length in. 2*5; head *8 ; ears *2 ; fore leg *5 ; hind leg *8 ; tail 2 inches.

414

[October^

Very much resembles the common mouse. Burrows in the earth and comes
out at night to eat. Its food appears to consist chiefly of green vegetables.

In the preliminary remarks to this memoir, I alluded to a species of Mus in¬
habiting the Southern States, which might be considered as native and not im¬
ported, which was mentioned in Audubon and Bachman’s Quadrupeds as a variety
of Mus rattus. This animal was known many years ago to Seba, Klein and
Brisson, and figured or described by them. The following description of it
made many years ago, although some what imperfect, may help to point it out.

Mus Americanus. Hair dark cinereous, above tipped with reddish brown,
and dusky with many long scattering hairs of the latter color, beneath with
white, having a tinge of yellow particularly towards the sides. Ears rather
large, oval, blunt, naked. Feet whitish, covered with short hairs. Thumb tu¬
bercle furnished with a short blunt nail. Tail terete, long, annulosely scaly,
furnished with short hair.

Hab. In Georgia and Carolina. Mus Americanus Turton’s Linnaeus, Vol. I.
p. 50. Rattus Americanus Brisson, Regne Animale, p. 172. Mus Americanus
Klein, Quad. p. 53. Seba, Vol. II. tab. 29, fig. 2.

This rat was formerly very common in the midland counties of Georgia. I,
however, know nothing of its habits. The following measurements were taken
from many different specimens. Length of head and body 7.74 ; tail 7.8 ; head
2.05 ; ears .9.

Mus Virginianus. Color entirely white. Ears, feet and tail flesh color.
Eyes brown. Ears moderate, blunt, naked. Feet thinly covered with short
hair; thumb-tubercle with a short blunt nail. Tail thick, rather blunt, quad¬
rangular, the upper side convex, the others plane, annulosely scaley, with short
hairs proceeding from the base of the rings.

Hab. In Texas.

Length h. and b. 7.3 ; tail 6.2; diameter at root .3, at point .2.

Mus Virginianus Turton, 1. c., p. 82. Mus albus virginianus Brisson, 1. c.,
p. 173. M. agrestis virginianus Klein, 1. c., p. 57. Seba, Vol. I., tab. 49, fig. 4.
Virginian rat Pennant. Art. Zool., Vol. I., p. 32.

In the year 1840, a ship arrived at New York, from Tampico, which was over¬
run with rats of this species ; a number of them were given to Mr. J. J. Audubon,
who made a drawing of the animal and kindly gave me one, from which the
above description was made ; it is not as full and perfect as it might be, as I had
no thought at the time of ever publishing it. The cranium differed in many respects
from that of the M. decumanus, to which it appeared evidently allied, althoug'h
the tail was so different. I shall close these observations with a few remarks
on some other Rodentia.

Neotoma floridanum. Is by no means confined to the southern states, three
individuals having been taken by Mr. Bell, of New York, near Nyack, on the
western bank of the Hudson river, about twenty miles above the city. One of
these was considerably larger than any I had ever seen, the head and body mea¬
sured 11 inches, the tail 7.5.

This animal was first described by Mr. Ord, in the Bulletin of the Societe
Philomathique de Paris, in the year 1818, under the name of Mus floridanus, and
afterwards in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of this city, as
Neotoma floridana. Harlan arranged it under the genus Arvicola, from which it
differs very much in its dentition, as well as in other respects. It is the Ameri¬
can rat of Pennant, Arct. Zool., vol. i., p. 130, where he confounds it with a
Siberian animal described by Pallas.

Sigmodon hispidus. This animal is subject to considerable variation in the
middle molar of both jaws, which has usually but one external and one internal
enamel fold on each side, sometimes, however, there are two external folds, the
additional one being anterior and smaller.

We are indebted to Mr. Ord for the first published notice of this rat, which

1853.]

415

appeared in the Journ. A. N. S., voL iv. p. 352. It is described by Harlan in bis
Fauna as Arvicola hortensis, and afterwards in Silliman’s Journal, vol. x. p. 285,
under a different name, Arvicola ferrugineus. When Mr. Ord first brought this
animal from Florida, he deposited his specimen in the Philadelphia Museum, in
care of Mr. Peale, with a particular injunction against its getting into the hands
of any one else. Dr. Harlan, who had free admission to this institution at all
times, went there when he knew no one would be present, took the specimen
away, and afterwards described it under the very inappropriate name of Arvicola
hortensis. The consequence of this, to say the least of it, unfair conduct, was a
positive banishment from the Museum for the future. Somewhat of a similar
manoeuvre caused him, sometime after, to be banished by the police from the city
of Paris.

In the plates to the voyage of the French ship Venus there is figured a rat,
which is called Neotoma Floridana, which probably belongs to this genus, and
may be considered as a new species. The teeth have no resemblance to those
of a Neotoma, which, like those of Arvicola, are formed of triangles. Not being
able to refer to the text of this work, it is impossible to say of what country it
is a native. It may have been found on the western coast of our continent, in
California or Oregon.

The name by which the Sigmodon is known in Georgia is the Small Wood Rat,
the Neotoma being called simply Wood Rat. They both keep at a distance from
houses, concealed in the woods or hedge rows.

I conclude this rambling part of my paper by stating that, of the two Jaculi
found in this country, the Labradore Rat of Pennant, Arct. Zool., vol. i. p. 132,
since called Dipus, and Meriones, but now Jaculus, has very large ears, and is
the same as the Gerbillus leonurus of Rafinesque. The Jaculus Canadensis has
very small ears, and may thus be easily distinguished ; they are both called Deer
Mouse by the inhabitants of Canada.

The Committee on Major Le Conte’s paper on Crotalus durissus and
C. adamanteusj reported in favor of publication.

Observations on the so-called Crotalus durisstis and C. adamanteus of modern

authors.

By John Le Conte.

Cuvier, in ,his “ Regne Animal,” in a note on' the genus Crotalus, observes,
that the Linnean specific names of horridus and durissus have been in different
ways changed between these two species. He was perfectly correct in this ;
and any one consulting the authors who have written on reptiles, will, in my
opinion, be at no loss to determine what the illustrious Swede meant by these
two specific names. In the Southern States we have but two species of Crotalus,
as the genus is now restricted. They are familiarly known as the Pine Barren
and the Oak Ridge rattlesnakes. Until it is possible to determine how either of
these was named by Linnaeus, and I cannot doubt that he had seen them both, I
hope I may be pardoned if I use these popular names to distinguish them from
each other. The first has, by English authors of the last century and by Cuvier,
been considered the horridus , and the other by Shaw and Pennant, as the duris¬
sus ; in the last case manifestly improperly, as will appear hereafter. In order,
however, to elucidate this matter, I will commence with the descriptions given
by Linnaeus in the twelfth edition of his Systema Naturae, the publication of
which he superintended himself in the year 1766, and by Gmelin in his edition
of the year 1798.

Crotalus horridus. Scutis 167, scutellis 23.

. Mus. Ad. Frid., p. 39. Brad. Natur., tab. ix. fig. 1. Seba, Mus., vol. ii. tab.
xcv. fig. 1.

416 [October,

This we may say is no description at all. But referring to the Museum regis
Adolphi Friderici, we find the following :

Crotalus horridus. — Caput ad latera postice gibbum. Frons tecta squammis
obtusissimis, quarum elevatus margo. Palpebrae superiores planae, magnae. He
refers to Catesby for an account of its habits, who has described and figured a
serpent with transverse bands on the back ; and also to a figure in Seba’s Mu¬
seum, vol ii. tab. xcv., which represents one with rhombic spots. This shows
how incorrectly references to figures can be made: “ Quando que bonus dor-
mitat Homerus.”

Gmelin, in his edition, adds to Linnaeus — Bodaert, Nov. Act. Acad. Caesar.,
vol. vii. p. 16 — Crotalus ’‘maculis trigonis fuscis. Caudisona terrifica Laurenti,
p. 93. Michael. Gott. Mag. iv. 1, p. 90.

This only tends to make the confusion greater. The animal which Bodaert
described could not be one with diamond shaped spots on the back ; there is no
difficulty in distinguishing a triangle from a quadrilateral figure, it therefore
could not have been a species with rhombic spots. In all the individuals of the
species with transverse fasciae, which I have ever examined, these bands were
more or less broken up, especially in front, in which the marks formed more or
less perfect chevrons, and might easily be called triangles.

The Caudisona terrifica of Laurenti is our North American species with rhom-
boidal spots, and is thus described by the illustrious Italian : <£ Corpore carinis

squammarum exasperato (mari) cinereo-flavo (feminae) spadiceo, maculis dorsi
rhomboidalibus, magnis, ex nigro fuscis, albo limbo cinctis, apicibus subcon-
tiguis, per summum dorsi caudamque concatenatis. Hab. In America infra
gradum, elev. 45.

The other species durissus is thus described by Linnaeus :

Crotalus durissos. Scuta 172, Scutellis 23.

Amcenitat. Acad., i. p. 500. Seba Mus., ii. tab. xcv. fig. 2. Gronov. Mus.,
ii. p. 70.

Albo flavoque varius, maculis rhombeis nigris disco albis. Gmelin adds to
these references, Bodaert, 1. c. No. 2, Crotalus albus maculis rhombeis. Laurenti,
p. 93, Caudisona durissus. Weigel, Act. Soc. Hal., i. p. 7. Catesby, Carolina,
ii. tab. xli., who figures a species with transverse bands, and not with rhom-
boidal marks. Vosmaer Monog. Crotalus fasciis collique duabus nigris. Now,
from all this we may collect that there are three species described, very distinct
from each other, but strongly mixed together ; one with rhombic spots, the discs
of which are white ; one with rhombic spots, the limb or margins of which are
white ; and one with triangular spots. I proceed now to show what the three
species are, and shall commence with the first, of which we have a fair speci¬
men in our collection, which is named C. horridus, because it agrees with Seba’s
figure as misquoted in the description of that species, but which agrees so well
with the description of another, that one would think it never could have been
mistaken.

Crotalus durissus, Linn.

Fusco et flavo varius maculis per dorsum magnis rhombeis nigris, disco flaves-
centibus, non-coricatenatis. Capite parte priore fascia-inter oculos transversa,
summo et cervice lineis duabus longitudinalibus alteraque laterali nigris, spatiis
intermediis flavescentibus. Scuta abdominalia 167, subcaudalia 21, primo bifido,
scutellorumque ad basin crepitaculi paria tria.

Hab. In America meridionali. Crotalus durissus Lin. Laurenti, p. 93. Id.
Cuvier Regne animal ii., p. 67.” Id. Lacepede, ii. p. 423. Shaw, vol. iii. p. 333.
C. horridus Daudin, vol. v. p. 311. Id. Latreille, vol. iii. p. 186.

A very good figure of this species is found in Vosmaer, which has been copied
by Shaw.

Varied with dark brown and yellowish, with a row of large black rhombic
spots, the discs of which are yellowish, down the back, and which are not joined
together or concatenated ; these rhombs towards the tail gradually become less
distinct, until at last they vanish, so that the hinder part of the body may be
aid to be only varied with black and yellowish. The tail is perfectly black on

1853.]

417

all sides; the body beneath is yellowish, varied and blotched with dusky more
distinctly and closely on the hinder part and on the sides. Head very large, with
a black stripe from the eye to the corner of the mouth, and a transverse bar of
the same color across the head just in front of the eyes, and joining the former
stripe at the eye. Top of the head and neck with two longitudinal, black stripes,
and another likewise on the side of the neck, the intervening spaces being yel¬
lowish. Rostral plate triangular, the apex sharp, pale brown or yellowish ; there
are two roundish yellow plates on each side of this, and two likewise between
them on the top of the head, which are brownish and triangular, the apices point¬
ing forward ; behind them there is a narrow transverse bar of yellowish, and
another of black, which is succeeded by a third one of yellow formed'of four
roundish scales, those near the eyes very large, the other rather smaller ; the
head is otherwise covered with tolerably large scales.

Length 4 feet 4 inches, with three rattles. Circumference of the body 8 inches.

In the description of Crotalus durissus, both Linnaeus and Laurenti agree that
the rhombs on the back have their discs white; and the former, in the Amceni-
tates Academicae, says, that the area between the eyes is blackish, and has a
broad transverse white line. We ought not to hesitate one moment in declaring
that this species is not the horridus. The ground color of all the specimens
which have been examined in Europe appears to have faded, therefore, the parts
of the descriptions relating to this are of little value. It may be observed of
reptiles in general, that parts of the body which when living were black, fre¬
quently change to grey or even white, when kept for any length of time in al¬
cohol. The specimen from which the preceding description was taken, in parts
which were originally black or dark brown, had become cinereous by the peeling
off of the epidermis, and if this process had been carried on for the whole length
of the body, scarcely any of the distinguishing characteristics would have been
apparent.

Having thus determined what the Crotalus durissus of Linnaeus is, I proceed
to describe the two species which we have in the Atlantic States, calling them
by their vulgar names, and leaving it to each naturalist to determine by what
names they ought to be distinguished.

The pine barren rattle snake.

Pallide rufescente fuscus ad nigrum tendens. Dorso fasciis transversis, ir-
regularibus, serratis, nigris. Cauda nigra. Corpore subtus albescens maculis
minimis nigrascentibus.

Hub. Per totum Americam borealem, provinciis atlanticis. Crot. horridus
Cuvier, Regne Animale. Id. Shaw, vol. iii. p. 317. Id. Pennant, Arct. Zool.
Suppl., p. 87. Id. Bodaert, Nov. Act. Acad. Caes., vol. vii p. 16. C. atricau-
datus Daudin, vol. v. p. 316. Id. Latreille, vol. iii. p.209. C. durissus Daudin,
1. c. p. 304. Id. Latreille, vol. iv. p. 322. Id. Holbrook, Herp. iii. p. 9. Id.
Dekay, Zool. N. Y. vol. ii. p. 55 and 56. C. boiquira and horridus, Palisot de
Beauvois, ^Trans. Am. Phil. Society, vol. iv. p. 368. Catesby, ii. tab. 41.
A very excellent figure, shewing the animal in its highest state of perfection.
Above pale reddish brown, somewhat duskyish, frequently with a yellowish or
reddish vertebral line. Body with numerous transverse, irregular, serrate fasciae
of dusky or black, more or less interruptedly bordered with whitish. These
fasciae gradually diminish in distinctness towards the tail ; as the color becomes
darker or more dusky the bands become entire. Tail black on all sides, barred
with paler. Body beneath whitish, thinly speckled with dusky. Head with a
broad, dark brown line extending from the eye along the cheek to the corner of
the mouth; often, however, it is almost entirely black ; eyes red; neck very
slender, most frequently with two short longitudinal black lines on the top.
Rostral plate triangular ; supernasals, one on each side, externally rounded; or¬
bital and antocular plates large. Scales of the head small, resembling coarse
shagreen. Body beneath whitish, thinly speckled with dusky. Abdominal scuta
170 to 178; subcaudal 18 to 25, with two pair of scales at the base of the rattle.
The male is generally to be distinguished by a black spot behind the occiput.

418 [October,

The transverse bars are frequently broken up, particularly in front, and the
larger portions form perfect chevrons.

The young are yellowish, with irregular dusky marks on the back and sides,
the larger ones being transverse ; none of them, however, are serrate, as in the
older animals ; instead of a rattle there is a small button at the end of the tail.

Grows to the length of 8 feet ; one of this size had 9 rattles, whilst another of
5 feet had 14. Specimens of the rattles of these snakes have been shown con¬
sisting of thirty joints ; these are fictitious, and made by taking the separate
« grelots” from different rattles and joining them together, for they may be fitted
in such a manner that the deception cannot be perceived. Had I not seen this
artificial junction made in my presence, I should have considered these long
<c crepitacula” as really natural.

The oak ridge rattle snake.

Supra niger vel fuscus, serie dorsal i regulari rhomboidum magnorum, concate-
natorum, limbo albo, disco fusco, variegato ; subtus flavescens, nigro variegatus
et maculatus.

Hub. In provinciis australioribus Caudisona terrifica Laurenti, p. 93. Cro-
talus rhombifer Daudin, vol. v. p. 325. Id. Latreille, vol. iii. p. 197. C. ada-
manteus, Palisot de Beauvois, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. iv. p. 368. Id. Hol¬
brook, vol. iii. p. 17. C. durissus Pennant, Arct. Zool. Suppl., p. 90. Id. Shaw,
vol. iii. p. 333, who confounds it with the C. durissus ; of both species furnish¬
ing very good figures. Lacepede, vol. ii. p. 396.

Above black or brown, with a row of large black or dusky rhomboidal spots
on the back, which on the limb or margin are whitish or yellowish, and on the
disc mixed with brown ; these rhomboids are connected together, so that the
animal appears to have two yellowish lines running down the back and mutually
crossing each other from right to left at certain intervals ; they gradually become
less distinct towards the tail until they vanish, some of the posterior ones
changing into transverse bands. The sides of those which are brown are marked
with two rows of dusky spots ; those which are black, of course, must want these
spots. Tail with alternate bars of black and yellowish, or black and dusky.
Body beneath yellowish, mixed and spotted with dusky. Head very large, spot¬
ted with paler, with two yellowish and three black or dusky stripe.s on each side,
sometimes entirely black, the top covered with small scales resembling coarse
shagreen. Rostral plate pen! angular, wider and rounded at the base; supernasal
plates two, small, a larger quadrangular space between the rostral and nasal ;
behind the rostral is a large plate on each side, immediately behind these are
two others ; the palpebras are large, transversely striate ; antocular plate large.
Abdominal scuta 170 to 178 ; subcaudal 23 to 32, and 4 pair of scales at the base
of the rattle.

Length 6 feet with 6 rattles.

I come now to the conclusions which are to be drawn from the preceding re¬
marks and first, the so-called horridus , the Boiquira and Cascarella of many
authors, is the durissus of Linnaeus. I place little reliance on references to en¬
graved figures, as in many instances they are made in a very careless manner.
Thus, we find Linnaeus quoting a figure in Seba’s Museum, which does not tally with
descriptions of other authors quoted by himself ; and Laurenti, an author in other
respects very cautious and accurate, refers to a figure in Catesby, of a serpent
with transverse bars, as representing one with rhombic spots. We are driven^
it appears to me, into this dilemma; either the name of horridus must be stricken
out from acknowledged species, or given to that onef which is called by so many
durissus , or, we must call this last one horridus , and thus have the species with
two distinct names. For, as I have observed elsewhere, there can be no doubt
of the animal, so well described by both Liunaeus and Laurenti, being durissus.
Secondly, as for the other species, which Palisot de Beauvois called adamanteus ,
and which others have named rhombifer , &c., whether it was known to Linnaeus
cannot now be proven, although, for my own part, I have no doubt but that he
confounded it with the South American species, or it may be the dryinas which
had lost its color. See Amcenitatis Academicae, vol. i. p. 501, where he says

1853.]

419

that many names and synonyms which have been given to C. dryinas will also
be common to C. durissus. The name of adamanteus must be changed to
that of terrifieus , as this last has the priority in date by thirty years. Others
may think otherwise but

Rumpat et serpens iter institutum,

Si per obliquum similis sagitta

Terruit mannos. %

A few words concerning the habits of these serpents. Their vaunted gene¬
rosity in giving warning to those who approach them, is a ridiculous fable ; in
most cases they inflict their deadly wounds without sounding an alarm, and show
themselves extremely vicious by making unprovoked attacks upon every thing
that comes within their reach. With regard to their venom and the many anti¬
dotes which at different times have been pronounced infallible, I can safely de¬
clare that, in no instance where the fang has entered the body so as to penetrate
one of the larger veins, has a recovery been known. Inevitable death is the
consequence. They tell us that they cannot hurt deer or swine ; the reason
is obvious ; the first has long legs with scarcely any muscular substance on them,
and therefore no veins of any size ; and in the case of the other, no snake’s fang
is long enough to pass through the skin and fat so as to meet a part obnoxious to
the poison. I should have observed before, that a complete solution of the blood
in the whole body is the immediate cause of death from the bite of a Crotalus.

Palisot de Beauvois, in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society,
has said, that these snakes have no fetid odor emanating from them ; that in the
presence of any number of them, no disagreeable smell is perceptible. On the
contrary, I know from repeated experience, that their vicinity may generally be
discovered by the fetor which they exhale, and that it is so strong when proceed¬
ing from one that is enraged, as to occasion a considerable degree of sickness of
some hours duration. Most snakes emit a smell by no means pleasant ; this has
always been known, and is stronger and more deleterious in those which are
venomous than in those which are not. Martial, in one of his epigrams, says :
Quod vulpes fuga, viperae cubile
Mallemquam quod oles olere Bassa.

There is another fact connected with these snakes as well as many others,
which has been the subject of much discussion. I allude to what has been called
the power of charming smaller animals upon which they prey. This has been
attributed to some secret fascinating powder in the serpent. It has also been
attributed to the fright experienced at the sight of so formidable an enemy. If
it be said that the bird or the squirrel, in this predicament, fixedly gazed upon by
the terrible eyes of the serpent, could easily make its escape, the answer is, that
the unaccountable behaviour of the poor victim arises from its anxiety for its
young. The only instances in which I have seen snakes endeavoring to get pos¬
session of birds, wTas at a time of the year when they had no young to take care of.
Squirrels generally have their nests on such lofty trees in our forests, that it is
very doubtful wrhether a snake’s range of vision could reach so far, therefore, it
must be something more than fear which can bring a squirrel dowrn from his se¬
cure habitation, one hundred or one hundred and fifty feet from the ground, to
become the easy and unresisting prey of a serpent. If he should be surprised on
the ground, what prevents him from ascending the next tree and soon losing him¬
self among the foliage of those which are in the neighborhood. I do not attempt
to explain the thing, but call the attention of the reader of these observations to
the behaviour of cats to birds, and of cats and dogs to men when they wish to
obtain any thing from them. If there is any fascination in the steadfast gaze of
the eyes, they attempt to employ it upon us.

It may not be out of the way at the end of these lines, to correct an error
which is now current among naruralists, which is, that the fangs in the genus
Elaps are always and permanently perpendicular, and not laid back as in other
venomous serpents. This is not the case. Upon examining fresh killed speci¬
mens, I find them placed exactly as they are in a rattlesnake, and erected in the
same way when they wish to bite, that is by throwing back a part of the upper

420

[October

jaw; for notwithstanding all that has been said of their harmless nature, they will
strike as any other venomous snake will, as I experienced last spring with
one of the largest I have ever seen. Moreover, in some foreign specimens of this
genus, if the fangs were always perpendicular in the jaw, the mouth would not
be closed without their piercing entirely through the lower lip.

The Committee on Mr. Girard’s descriptions of new Reptiles, reported
in favor of publication.

Descriptions of neiu species of Reptiles, collected by the 77. <S. Exploring Expedi¬
tion , under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes , U. S. N.

Second Part. — Including the species of Batrachians , exotic to North America .

By Charles Gir«ard.

Taking for our guidance the structure of the vomerine or palatine teeth, that
of the tympanum and tongue, we have been led to subdivide the genus Cystigna-
thus as understood byDumeril and Bibron, in the t( Erpetologie generale.” The
structure of the fingers and toes have afforded accessory characters which are
not to be neglected, although comparatively less important.

Leptodactylus, Fitz _ Vomerine teeth disposed in two transverse series, each

constituting either an angular arch or a regular curve, and situated behind the
inner nostrils. Tongue slightly notched posteriorly. Tympanum very distinct.
Toes either provided with a rudimentary membrane or entirely free.

Obs. — Leptodactylus ocellatus, Fitz. (C. ocellatus, Dum. and B.), L. la-
byrinthicus ( Rana labyrinthica, Spix ; C . labyrinthicus , Dum. and B.), and L.
typhonius, Fitz. (C. typhonius , Dum. and B.), belong to this genus.

Cystjgnathus, Wagl. — Vomerine teeth disposed upon a transverse or oblique
row, more or less interrupted in the middle, arid situated either between the
inner nostrils or behind them. Tongue circular, subcircular or subcordiform,
posteriorly entire, and either attached by its whole surface, or very slightly free
behind. Tympanum distinct. Toes either bordered by a membranous fold or
slightly webbed at their base.

Obs. — Cystignathus macroglossus, C. gracilis and C. roseus of Dumeril and
Bibron will remain in this genus.

Pleurodema, Tsch. — Vomerine teeth disposed in two oblong groups situated
between the inner nostrils. Tongue subcircular, either slightly emarginated or
entire posteriorly. Tympanum indistinct. Toes either entirely free, or else
provided with a rudimentary membrane at their base or along their margin. Skin
pustulous or granular ; sometimes a large lumbar gland on each side.

Obs. — Pleurodema arunco ( B/tfo arunco , Schn.) ; P. bibroni, Tsch. (C.
bibroni, Dum. and B.) ; P. btjfonium, Bell ; P. darwinii, Bell ; P. elegans, Bell,
and P. nodosa (C. nodosus , Dum and B.), constitute another generic group.

Crinia, Tsch. — Vomerine teeth either absent or else existing in a rudimentary
state. Tongue elongated, subelliptical, posteriorly entire, or very slightly
emarginate. Tympanum indistinct or hidden under the skin. Eustachian tubes
very small. Fingers and toes subcylindrical, tapering to a point and perfectly
free.

Obs. — This genus as characterized above, may not meet with the approba¬
tion of Erpetologists, as combining species deprived of vomerine teeth and
others possessing but very few of them. Indeed, if we had more than one
species differing from the others in similar characters, we should not hesitate
to make two genera in the following manner :

Crinia, Tsch. — Vomerine teeth few, constituting two groups at the posterior
margin of the inner nostrils. Tongue entire, oblong. Tympanum not very dis¬
tinct. Eustachian tubes quite small. Fingers and toes without membrane. —
Crinia georgiana, Tsch.]

1853.]

421

Ranidella, Girard. — Palate without teeth. Tongue elongated, subelliptica ,
posteriorly slightly emarginated and free upon one-third of its length. Tym¬
panum not visible. Eustachian tubes minute. Fingers and toes subcylindrical,
tapering into a point and perfectly free. — Ranidella signifera, Girard.

With no specimen of Crinia georgiana at our command, we have been unable
to compare critically the characters of Crinias as just subdivided. For this
reason we do not raise Ranidella to the rank of a genus for the present. If fu¬
ture investigations do not bring to light other species of each of these subdi¬
visions, we shall not hesitate to consider Crinia georgiana and Ranidella sig¬
nifera as congeneric species, in which the character of the vomerine teeth loses
that importance which it has elsewhere.

Ranidella , as circumscribed above, is related to Oxyglossus and Leiuperus in
the absence of teeth on the palate, differing from both, however, in having its
tympanum entirely hidden and its toes perfectly free.

Crinia georgiana is an analogue, in Australia, of the South American Pleuro-
demas.

WAGLERIA, Girard. — Vomerine teeth disposed on a single and very long trans
verse row, situated behind the inner nostrils. Tympanum small and not very
distinct. Toes bordered by a membranous fold in the male. Tongue but slightly
notched posteriorly.

Obs. — Wagleria feronii ( C . peronii , D. and B.), and W. dorsalis (C. dor¬
salis , Gray, should the latter prove specifically distinct from the first), are the
tvro species which constitute this genus. Both species are natives of New Hol¬
land, and of the first, specimens were collected by the Exploring Expedition
in the south-eastern part of Australia. The latter we only know through the
brief description of J. E. Gray.

KASSINA, Girard. — Vomerine teeth disposed in two V-shaped groups, situ¬
ated behind the inner nostrils. Tympanum not distinct. Tongue cordiform,
emarginated behind. Fingers free, the first shorter than the second. Toes entirely
deprived of membrane. Skin perfectly smooth.

Obs. — Kassina senegalensis ( Cystign . senegalensis , Dam. and B.) is the only
species hitherto known of this genus, the diagnosis of which may hereafter re¬
quire some slight modifications, upon the reception of other species presenting
the same disposition of the vomerine teeth.

Thus, the genera Leptodactylns> Cystignathus and Pleurodema are American ;
the genera Wagleria , Crinia and Ranidella are Australian, and the genus Kassina
is African.

From want of specimens, and accuracy in their descriptions, we have not been
able to determine, generically, Cystignathus aeneus , Guich., C. schomburghii,
Trosch., and C. sylvestris, Tsch., all three from South America. The latter,
apparently, belongs to the genus Cystignathus proper, but seems to be provided
with a much smaller number of teeth, and likewise situated more anteriorly than
is usually the case in that group. The visibility of the tympanum and the pre¬
sence of a partial membrane to the toes are strongly suggestive of that genus.

RaNHX2E.

1 . Leptodactylus serialis, G. — Greenish browm on the head and back ; yel"
lowish brown on the sides and legs, with series of black maculae. A post-orbital
vitta tapering into a point tovrards the shoulder. Margin of the jaws maculated
with black and white. Vomerine teeth disposed upon angular arches. Tongue
cordiform, posteriorly free upon one third of its length, slightly emarginated at
both extremities. Toes with a rudimentary membrane at their base and along
their margin. Skin with indistinct longitudinal dorsal folds, otherwise smooth.

Obs. — Allied to L. typhonius} but distinguished from the latter by the struc¬
ture of the toes.

Locality. — Rio de Janeiro, 1S39.

422

[October,

2. Leptodactylijs caliginosus, G. — Reddish brown, with indistinct blackish
maculae on the back, more conspicuous on the hind legs ; a large subcordiform
occipital macula. A post-ocular vitta extending a little behind the tympanum.
Vomerine teeth in regular curves. Tongue subelliptical, elongated, slightly
notched at both extremities. Toes provided with a rudimentary membrane at
their base and margined by a membranous fold. Skin smooth in the adult, traces
of longitudinal folds in the young.

Obs. — Differs from the preceding species chiefly in the disposition of the
vomerine teeth.

Locality. — Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

3. C ystign athus PARvuLus, G. — Yellowish brown above, with a deep chest¬
nut narrow band extending from the tip of the snout to beyond the middle of the
length of the body. Beneath unicolor. Head subtriangular, W’edge-shaped. An¬
terior part of the snout depressed and regularly inclined towards the margin of
the upper jaw. Legs quite slender.

Locality . — Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

4. Cystignathus nebulosus, G. — Above, light brown, white and clouded
with reddish brown ; a large subtriangular, occipital, deep brown patch. A
post-ocular vitta of the same color. Hind legs barred with reddish brown. Be¬
neath unicolor, whitish anteriorly, reddish posteriorly. Vomerine teeth in two
elongated groups, obliquely situated bet ween the inner nostrils ; latter propor¬
tionally large. Tympanum not visible exteriorly. Eustachian tubes very minute.
No lumbar glands. Fingers and toes depressed, latter margined with a mem¬
branous fold, otherwise smooth. Two metatarsal tubercles. Tarsus with a
ridge along its inner margin. Skin minutely granular.

Locality. — Valparaiso, Chili.

5. Crinia (Ranidella) signifera, G. — Skin above subtuberculous, beneath
glandulous. A spear-shaped blotch on the head. A broad dorsal, deep brown
band, forked anteriorly to receive the point of the cephalic spear-shaped blotch.
On each side of the latter a greyish or yellowish grey narrow band, beneath
which is another, still narrower, blackish brown band. Sides of abdomen and
belly marmorated.

Locality. — New Holland.

Hyl;e.

Ranoidea, Tsch. — Vomerine teeth disposed in two groups situated between the
inner nostrils. Tongue large, subcircular or elliptical, slightly notched poste¬
riorly, and free for about one-third or less of its length. Tympanum distinct.
Eustachian tubes of considerable development. Fingers and toes depressed,
terminated by subelliptical disks, comparatively small. Fingers perfectly free ;
toes webbed to a considerable degree. A vocal subgular bladder in the male.

Obs. — The characters of this genus when compared to those of Hyla , may appear
negative. The general physiognomy, which is more ranoid than hyloid, and
the smallness of the subdigital disks, are the two most prominent features of this
group. The addition of two species partaking of the characters of the one, unique
when the genus was made, will add to the importance of retaining it in the erpe-
tological system. If habits go for any thing in the distinction of genera,
the fact that Ranoidea, are more frequently seen about the waters than on the
trees, would certainly have a weight upon the question.

6. Ranoiuea resplendens, G. — Deep green above, maculated and streaked
with gold. Head depressed, elongated. Tongue of medium size, notched and
free posteriorly. Vomerine teeth in two transversely elongated groups, situated
between the inner nostrils ; latter semicircular, large. Openings of the Eustachian
tubes as large as the inner nostrils. Tympanum very distinct, large, elliptical.
Fingers free. Toes webbed up to the digital disks ; membrane emarginate.

Locality. — Wollongong Illawara, near the coast.

7. IIanoidea flavoviridis, G. — Above green, with a black line along the can-

1853.]

423

thus rostralis, and a black band behind the eye. Posterior parts of thighs purplish,
with white dots. Head flat, discoid. Tongue large, elliptical, slightly notched
and free posteriorly. Vomerine teeth in two oblong groups between the inner
nostrils, the latter being very large. Tympanum of medium size, circular.
Fingers free. Toes webbed to the middle of the last phalanx ; membrane slightly
emarginated.

Locality. — Wollongong Illawara; about fresh water streams.

Hylarana, Tsch. — Tongue elongated, narrower in front, broad and forked
posteriorly. Two groups of vomerine teeth, between and sometimes a little
behind the inner nostrils. Tympanum very distinct. Eustachian tubes of medium
size. Four fingers entirely free; toes united by a membrane to almost their
whole length ; subdigital disks of medium size.

Obs. — Hylarana has the priority over Lymnodytes , therefore it is here adopted.
Hylarana erythrsa ( Hyla erythrcea , Schleg.) ; H. chalconota ( Hyla chal¬
conota, Schleg.), and H. waigiensis ( Lymnodytes waigiensis , Dum. and B.)

8. Hylarana mindanensis, G. — Uniform greenish brown, lighter beneath;
upper jaw provided with several darker spots. Vomerine teeth disposed in two
elongated groups or series, situated between and behind the inner nostrils. Skin
provided with small pustules, but showing no traces of a lateral glandulous chain.

Locality. — Caldera, on Mindanoo.

HALOPHILA, Girard. — Vomerine teeth forming two oblong groups, situated
between and’ somewhat behind the inner nostrils. Tongue elongated, lanceolated,
narrow anteriorly, forked posteriorly, and free for about half its length. Tym¬
panum very distinct. Eustachian tubes of medium size. Four fingers entirely
destitute of membrane. Toes united at their base only by a rudimentary mem¬
brane. Subdigital and terminal disks either but little or much developed.

9. Halophtla heros, G. — Greenish brown, with a dorsal light and narrow line.
Sides of abdomen and legs with blackish spots ; beneath dull brown. Rudimentary
membrane of the base of the toes almost obliterated. Subdigital disks small in
both pairs of limbs.

Locality. — Sebukea, Fiji Islands.

10. Halophila vitiensis, G. — Uniform yellowish orange when adult ; the
young yellowish purple, with golden reflections on the head and back, a whitish
line on the middle of the back, flanked with black maculae ; legs transversely
barred with black. Rudimentary membrane of the base of the toes very distinct.
Subdigital disks large in both pairs of limbs.

Locality. — Sebuka, Fiji Islands.

11. Hylqdes parvus, G. — Uniform blackish brown. Vomerine teeth disposed
upon two elongated groups obliquely situated behind the inner nostrils. Tongue
cordiform, posteriorly entire. Fingers and toes subcylindrical and slender.
Digital disk small.

Locality. — Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

12. Elosia bufonium, G. — Vomerine teeth in two small oblong groups, situated
obliquely between the inner nostrils, in advance of the posterior margin of these
openings. Tongue discoid, large. Tympanum of medium size. Eyes large
and prominent. Legs comparatively small. Two very small metatarsal tubercles,
and a membranous ridge along the inside of the tarsus. Skin quite smooth, -with¬
out any pustules at all.

Locality. — Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

13. Elosia vomerina, G. — Head and back dusky brown ; posterior part of
back and legs maculated. A deep brown band extending from the side of the
head over the eye to the side of the back. Beneath unicolor. Vomerine teeth
disposed on a transverse line, interrupted in its middle, and placed on a level
with the anterior margin of the inner nostrils. Tongue subcircular, discoid.
Tympanum of medium size. Eyes well developed. Legs long and slender. Two

424 [October*

metatarsal tubercles, and a cutaneous fold on the inside of the tarsus. Skin
smooth.

Locality . — Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Bufonide.

14. Rhinoderma signifera, G. — Head and body above reddish, dotted with
white. A few transverse, narrow black bars on the hind legs ; an elongated
whitish spot behind the occiput; an elliptical, greyish, lumbar ocellus, black-
spotted posteriorly. Abdomen maculated with white and black. Toes elongated,
webbed at their base only. Tubercles under the articulations of the fingers and
the toes.

Locality. — Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

15. Bufo lugubrosus,jG. — Head and dorsal region blueish black ; sides reddish
grey with black patches. Tympanum black; limbs black spotted. Beneath
dull yellowish white. First finger longer than the second, and almost as long as
the third. Upper surface of head grooved from occiput to the snout. Eyes pro¬
tected anteriorly and posteriorly by an elevated ridge. Tympanum quite small.
Parotids of medium size, not very conspicuous. Toes webbed at their base only.
Two metatarsal tubercles, and another at the base of the inner toe. A mem¬
branous ridge along the inner side of the tarsus. Skin glandulous and granulated.

Locality — Valparaiso, Chili.

16. Bufo' gracilis, G. — Upper parts yellowish brown : a yellow dorsal vitta,
on each side of which are black angular and irregular spots. Limbs marked with
blackish blotches. Sides light yellow. Beneath dull yellow. First finger longer
than the second, and almost as long as the third. Upper surface of head, between
and behind the eyes, concave. Snout even above, and obliquely truncated in¬
wardly. Tympanum comparatively large. Parotids very small and exiguous ;
a lateral glandulous fold of the skin from the parotids to the groins. Toes
webbed only at their base. Metatarsal tubercles inconspicuous. A membranous
fold along the inner side of the tarsus. Skin granular.

Locality. — Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

BUFONELLA, Girard. — Tongue elongated, broadest posteriorly and free to a
certain extent, slightly emarginated behind. No teeth on the palate. Tympanum
distinct. No parotid glands. Four fingers, free and subcylindrical. Five toes,
of the same form as the fingers, neither wTebbed nor provided with any rudi¬
mentary membrane.

Obs. — Allied to Bufo , Engy stoma and Breviceps.

17. Bufonella crucifera, G. — Deep brown above ; back dotted with yellow ;
a yellow spot at the origin of the arms ; a yellow band across the head, over the
eyelid, sending olf a medial branch to the snout ; a yellow dorsal vitta on the pos¬
terior half of the body. Beneath blackish brown, with large yellowish maculee
under the head, belly and legs. Tip of fingers and toes yellow. Head and body
elongated; former depressed; latter subcylindrical. First finger shorter than the
second. Toes free. Metatarsal tubercles indistinct.

Locality. — New Holland.

METAEUS, Girard. — Tongue subelliptical, entire, free posteriorly for about
half of its length. Palate without teeth. Tympanum hidden under the skin.
No parotid glands. Four fingers and five toes completely free. Two metatarsal
tubercles.

Obs. — Related to Engystoma.

IS. Metaeus timidus, G. — Greenish brown above, maculated with brownish
black. A vitta extends from the snout, across the eye, to the shoulder. Head
large, rounded on the snout. Fingers and toes subcylindrical. Skin provided
with small pustules.

Locality. — Valparaiso, Chili.

425

1853.]

The Committee on Dr. Hoy’s continuation of his “ Notes on the
Ornithology of Wisconsin,” reported in favor of publication.

Notes on the Ornithology of Wisconsin. — Water Birds.

[Concluded.]

RALLIDiE, (6 species.)

*Gallinula galeata, Lick.

Abundant as far north as Lake Winnebago, latitude 44®*

*Fulica Americana, Gmel.

Common in all large marshes/

*Rallus elegans, Aud.

Abundant, nest in the prairie slews.

•Rallus Virginianus, Linn .

Common. *

*Ortygometra Carolina, Linn.

Greatly abundant spring and fall, a few remain during summer to nest.
*Ortygometra noveboracensts, Lath.

By no means uncommon. The young of this and the preceding three species
of Rail are fully fledged by the 15th of August.

GRUIDiE, (10 species.)

Grus Americana, Forster.

A few white sandhill cranes are occasionally seen in the western part of jthe
State, near the Mississippi, but never approach the Lake shores, where the fol¬
lowing species is common. It would appear that the white is a more southern
species than the brown.

*Grus Canadensis, Temm.

Found on all our large prairies. Although we have seen large flights of these
birds, we never saw, or heard of, a white individual within one hundred miles
of Lake Michigan. A pair has nested regularly for fifteen years in a swamp
nine miles from Racine, (we have noticed them ourselves regularly for the last
seven years,) and they still continue in color unchanged. The locality of this
nest is in a few tussocks of grass, in the midst of an almost impenetrable swamp,
the nest is composed of coarse grass, built up in a conical form eighteen inches
or two feet high, so situated that when the parent bird sits upon, or rather astride
of this pyramidal nest, her feet hang down on either side into the water. The
old nest is regularly repaired every spring.

Tantalus loculator, Linn.

There is a fine specimen of this southern bird in the museum .of the Wisconsin
State Historical Society, at Madison, which was shot near Milwaukie, September,
1852.

*Ardea Herodias, Linn .

A common species.

*Ardea virescens, Linn.

Not uncommon in the wooded swamps of the timbered districts, never met
with in the prairie marshes.

*Botaurus lentiginoses, Swains.

Abundant in the marshes and sleios of the prairies. The young are fully
fledged by the 20th of July. We have witnessed the bittern emit his peculiar
call — “ pump-au-gah the head is drawn up to the'breast, the neck being much
dilated, when the first syllable pump is uttered in a heavy low tone, the second
syllable au is emitted with a partial extension of the neck, and the final gah is
accompanied with a violent darting forward of the head to the full extent of his

426 [October,

long neck. This ludicrous performance is repeated three or four times in
succession.

*Ardeot.a exilis, Bonap.

Abundant on the reedy marshes, never found in the dark, shaded, woody
swamps.

Egretta leuce, Jardine.

A single individual shot near Racine, June, 1851.

•Egretta candidissima, Gntel.

Not an uncommon species along the borders of small lakes. Nest in commu¬
nities, on trees in Tamarack swamps.

Egretta caerulea, Jard.

Shot one August 28th, 1848, on Root river.

CHARADRIADiE, (6 species.)

Charadrius marmoratus, Wagler.

Visit us in great numbers spring and fall.

Charadrius melodius, Ord.

Occasionally met with in the fall, not numerous.

•Charadrius vociferus, Linn.

Common, arrive from 18th to 25th of March.

Charadrius semipalmatus, Bonap.

A few only met in May and October. Rare.

Charadrius Helveticus, Linn.

Not abundant, April and October.

Strepsilas interpres, Linn.

Common, spring and autumn.

SCOLOPACIDJE, (27 species.)

Trtnga alpinus, Linn.

Only met with sparingly, April and October.

Tringa shinzii, Brehm.

A rare species with us. Spring and fall.

Tringa pectoralis, Bonap.

We have only noticed this species in autumn.

Tringa rufescens, Vieill .

Quite common from September 15th to October 10th. Never met in the
spring.

Trtnga maritima, Bntnnich.

Greatly abundant from 15th of April to 20th of May.

Tringa minuta(?), Leister.

Not common. A few found on the borders of small lakes.

•Tringa pusilla, Wils.

Common. Nest in the reedy marshes.

Tringa cinerea, Wils.

We have only met this bird in October. Rare.

Tringa semipalmata, Wils .

Shot several October 1st, 1850. Rare.

Tringa Douglasii, Swains.

Shot two April 10th, 1848. Rare.

Calidris arenaria, Illiger.

Common on the lake shore spring and fall.

1853.]

427

Tot an us semipalmatus, Lath.

We have met this species as late as the 10th of June. Not numerous.

*Totanus vociferus, Wils.

Abundant. Nest in all large marshes.

•Totanus flavipes, Lath.

Common.

•Totanus solitarius, Wilson.

Not uncommon.

•Totanus macularius, Wilson.

Common.

•Totanus Bartramius, Wilson.

Abundant. Nest on the high rolling prairies.

Limosa fedoa, Linn.

Not an uncommon bird. We saw a pair on a marshy slew near Wisconsin
river, June 15th, 1848, where they were probably nesting.

Limosa Hudsonica, Lath.

We shot a single bird of this well marked species November 1st, 1850.

Macrorhampus grjseus, Leach.

Found sparingly spring and fall.

•Scolopax Wilsonii, Temm.

Common. Nest abundantly with us.

•Rusticola minor, Vieill.

The first woodcock noticed in this section was in 1847, since which time they
have been rapidly on the increase.

Rectjrvirostra Americana, Linn.

We saw a pair on a marsh near Fox river, July 26th, 1846, where they had
probably nested ; we also met with a small party on the Des Piaine, May, 1847.

Himantopus nigricollis, Vieill.

Met a small flock of these singular birds near Racine, April, 1847.

•Numenius longirostris, Wilson.

Common on the large thinly settled prairies. We found them nesting in abun¬
dance on Sun Prairie, Columbia county ; also within six miles of Ceresco.

•Numenius Hudsonicus, Lath.

Common spring and fall. We found a few nesting near Fox Lake, June 15th,
1848.

Numenius borealis, Lath.

Met with in company with the preceding in early spring and fall. Rare.
PINNATIPEDES, (2 species.)

Phalaropus fulicarius, Bonap.

Met with a small flock first of November, 1847. Rare.

♦Lobipes Wilsonii, Jar dine.

Not an abundant species. Prof. S. F. Baird shot one near Racine July 15th,
1853. Nests sparingly in marshes.

ANATIDAE, (29 species.)

•Anser Canadensis, Linn ,

Greatly abundant spring and fall, and not a few remain during the summer to
nest.

Anser hyperboreus, Gmel.

This species is seen late in the fall in large flocks, numbering sometimes not
less than two hundred.

59

428

[October,

Anser albifrons, Beckst.

Met in large numbers spring and fall.

Anser leucopsis, Bechst.

In December, 1850, there was a single barnacle-goose kept about the harbor
for two weeks.

Anser bernicla, Linn.

Occasionally met on the lake shore. Rare.

Anser Hutchinsti, Rich.

Large flocks of this species occasionally visit us in the fall, rarely seen in the
spring.

Cygnus Americanus, Sharpless.

Visit us regularly spring and fall.

Cygnus buccinator, Rich.

This larger swan is frequently seen, and occasionally shot in our vicinity.
*Anas clypeata, Linn.

Not uncommon. A few nest in the prairie slews.

*Anas boschas, Linn.

Common.

•Anas obscurus, Gmel.

Numerous in the interior — seldom visit the lake.

Anas strepera, Linn.

Shot 2d March, 1848, the only specimens we ever met with.

Dafila acuta, Linn.

Common only early in spring and late in the fall,

Mareca Americana, Gmel.

Abundant.

•Querquedula discors, Linn.

Very abundant. Nest in all the large slews.

•Querquedula Caroliensis, Steph.

Common.

•Dendronessa sponsa, Linn.

Common.

Fuligula rubida, Wilson.

Met occasionally fall and spring. Not abundant.

Fuligula valisneria, Wilson.

Rarely met. March and October.

Fuligula ferina, Linn.

Not uncommon.

•Fuligula marila, Linn
Common.

•Fuligula rufitorques, Bonap.

Common. Nests on the borders of grassy lakes.

Clangula vulgaris, Fleming.

Common on the lake in winter and early spring.

Clangula albeola, Linn.

Common.

Clangula histrionica, Linn.

One shot in Racine harbor December 15th, 1851. Rare.

1853.]

429

Harelda glacialis, Linn.

Common on the lake during winter and early spring.

•Merges merganser, Linn.

Common. Remain during winter.

•Mergus serrator, Linn.

Common. A few nest with us.

•Mergus cucculatus, Linn.

Abundant. Nest on the reedy flats.

PELACANIDiE, (2 species.)

Phalacrocorax dilofhus, Swain.

Occasionally visit our rivers and small lakes. Rare.

Pelecanus onocrotaltts, Linn.

About the 10th of March the pelicans arrive, and after spending a few days in
the small lakes, go further north.

LARIDiE, (9 species.)

Sterna cay an a, Lath .

Rarely visit us.

•Sterna nigra, Linn.

Abundant about lakelets and marshes. Never found on Lake Michigan.
Sterna anglica, Montague-

We have but seldom met the marsh Tern in this vicinity.

•Sterna hirundo, Linn.

Abundant. Nest on a small rocky island in the northern part of Lake
Michigan.

Larus Franklinii, Rich.

Visit us only in severe winters. Rare.

Larus Bonapartii, Rich.

Associate with the common Tern fall and spring in great numbers.

Larus glaucus, Brunnich.

Another rare winter visiter.

•Larus argentatus, Brunnich.

The common gull of the lakes. Nest on a rocky island in company with the
common Tern.

Larus zonorhynchus, Rich.

A rare species with us. Mr. Samuel Circum has a specimen shot at Milwaukie.

COLYMBIDiE, (5 species.)

•Colymbus glacialis, Linn.

Common.

Colymbus septentrionalis, Linn.

Not uncommon during winter.

PODICEPS RUBRICOLLIS, Lath.

Only found in winter. Rare.

Podiceps cornutus, Linn.

Common spring and fall.

•Podiceps Caroliensis.

Common. Nest in marsht *

430

[October,

On leave granted, Dr. Le Conte presented Tor publication a paper by
Profs. W. H. Harvey and J. W. Bailey, on new species of Diatomacese,
collected by the U. S. Exploring Expedition; which was referred to
Drs. Leidy, Le Conte, and Zantzinger.

The Committee stated that the paper had already been examined and
was approved by them, and they accordingly reported in favor of its
publication in the Proceedings.

New species of Diatomacetz, collected by the United States Exploring Expedition,
under the command of Capt. Wilkes , U. S. N.

By Professor W. H. Harvey and Professor J. W. Bailey.

The species of Diatomaceae here described as new, together with the other
species included in the list on page 431, were detected either as parasites upon
Algae, or entangled in mud adhering to shells, algae, &c., brought home by the
Exploring Expedition under the command of Capt. Wilkes.

1. Amphitetras favosa, -Harvey et Bailey. Loricis tabularibus ; lateribus
vix concavis, primario ; secundario quadrangulo, angulis fere rectis vix productis,
superfice cellulis magnis hexagonis tessellata. Hob. Mindanao.

2. Amphitetras Wilkesii, H. et B. ; loricis 'prismatico-tabularibus, lateri¬
bus concavis, primario longitudinaliter striato-punctato medio transversim zo-
nato ; secundario quadrangulo, angulis productis rotundatis, superficie cellulis
minutis in lineas simplices furcatasque dispositis notata, prominentiis jugalibus
punctulatis. Hab. Puget’s Sound.

3. Aulacodjscus OregaNus, H. et B. ; lorica prominentiis tredecim intra-
marginalibus instructa, a quibus tot radii fere ad umbonem procurrent; super¬
ficie prreter umbonem glaberrimum, minute punctata iridescente. Hab. Puget’s
Sound.

4. Campylodiscus Kutzingii, H. et B. ; sellaeformis late marginata sulcis sub-
quinquaginta transversis continuis curvatis impressa. Hab. Mindanao.

5. Cocconeis Parmula, H. et B. ; late elliptica, linea media longitudinali
notata, utroque latere costis (vel sulcis) transversis magnis 10-12 irregularibus
impressa; superficie transversim striuto-granulata. Hab. Tahiti.

6. Cocconeis rhombifera, H. et B. ; late elliptica vel suborbicularis linea
media oblique-longitudinali sigmoidea areolam glabratam percurrente quae apice
et basi attenuata est, et versus umbonem in rhombi formam ampliata ; superficie
decussatim et transversim punctata. Hab. Puget’s Sound.

7. Cocconeis sulcata, H. et B. ; late elliptica vel suborbicularis transversim
sulcata, subcis 30-40 arcuatis. Hab. Puget’s Sound.

8. Hyalosira punctata, H. et B. ; loricis magnis in catenas longas co-ordi-
natis rectangulis subquadratis transversim interrupts vittatis ; vittis medio loricne
alternantibus granulatis, alternis serie punctarum insignium ornatis. Hab.
Tahiti.

9. Isthmia minima, H. et B. ; zona transversali subtilissime decussatim punc¬
tata, lateribus (secundariis) cellulis magnis granulata. Hab. Rio Janeiro and
Sooloo Sea.

10. Triceratium concavum, H. et B. ; lorica lateribus valde concavis angulis
rotundatis, superficie triquetra cellulis minutis in lineas radiantes simplices fur¬
catasque co-ordinatis notata ; prominentiis jugalibus punctulatis. Hab. Tahiti.

11. Triceratium gibbosum, II. et B. ; parvum, fere inflato-globosum, lateribus
valde convexis, angulis prominentibus, superficie ut in T. concavum notata.
Ilab. Tahiti.

12. Triceratium orientale, H. et B. ; magnum; lateribus convexis angulis

1853.]

431

productis obtusis, superficie triquetra "ellulis magnis hexagonis favosa. Hab.
Mindanao.

13. Triceratium Wilkesii, H. et B. ; lorica lateribus convexiusculis angulis
rotundatis, superficie ut in T. concavum notata. Hab. Puget’s Sound.

Appendix.

14. Lagena Williamson i, H. et B. ; testa bicellulosa, cellulis diversis, infe-
riore ellipsoidealongitudinaliter costata in isthmum infundibuliformem attenuata,
et ad cellulam superiorem glabram semi-lagenaeformem (vel inverse infundi¬
buliformem) ferruminata ; collo breviusculo rGcto,ore subampliato. Hab. Min¬
danao.

List of Diatomacece, collected by the. United States Exploring Expedition render
Capt. WilJccs, U. S. N.

By Prof. J. W. Bailey.

Although no collection of the Diatomaceae was purposely made by the Ex¬
ploring Expedition, a careful examination of various specimens of marine mud,
&c. adhering to the algae, shells, &c., which were brought home by Capt. WBkes,
was rewarded by the discovery of many interesting forms, a list of which is here
given in the order of their geographical distribution.

Puget’s Sound, Oregon.
Diatomaceae.

Actinoptychus senarius, Ehr.
•Aulacodiscus Oreganus, H. et B.
•Amphitetras Wilkesii, H. et B.
Arachnoidiscus Ehrenbergii, Bailey.
♦Cocconeis rhombifera, H. et B.

* ££ sulcata, H. et B.

Coscinodiscus oeulus-iridis, Ehr.

££ radiatus ££

“ excentricus ££

Epithemia gibberula, Kiitz.
Grammatophora angulosa, Ehr.

“ stricta, <e

Grammatophora undulosa, Ehr.

Isthmia obliquata

Rhabdonema arcuatum, Kiitz.

Surirella fastuosa, Ehr.

^Triceratium Wilkesii, H. et B.

Spongiolites , fyc.

Spongiolites Agaricus, Ehr.

Dictyocba splendens, Ehr. This is now
known to be a calcareous plate from a
species of Synapta. It dissolves in
acids, and polarizes light.

San Francisco , California,.
Arachnoidiscus Ehrenbergii, Bail.

Cocconeis scutellum, Ehr.

Gomphonema minutissima, Ehr.

Terra del Fnego.

Entopyla australis, Ehr.

Grammatophora serpentina, Ehr.

«e stricta “

Climacosphaenia australis, Kiitz.
Grammatophora oceanica, Ehr.
•Isthmia minima, H. et B.

Rio Janeiro.

Dictyocha splendens, Ehr.

Spongiolites anchora, <£

Both of these come from the calcareous
particles of an Echinoderm (Synapta).

Stauroptera aspera, Ehr.
Cocconeis scutellum, ££
Actinoptychus senarius, Ehr.

Valparaiso .

Gallionella sulcata, Ehr.
Grammatophora hamata, Ehr
Dictyocha speculum, ££

432

[October,

Phillipine Islands .

*Amphitetras favosa, H. et B.
Amphora libyca, Ehr.
♦Campylodiscus kutzinsii, H. et B.
Coscinodiscus linearis, Ehr.
Denticella Biddulphia, “

Gallionella sulcata, “

Grammatophora oceanica, Ehr.

Navicula elongata, Ehr.

££ Lyra, “
Pinnularia didyma, £C
Surirella fastuosa ££
Tetragramma asiatica, Ehr.
♦Triceratium orientate, H. et B.
Dictyocha splendens.
Spongiolites Agaricus.

Sooloo Sea.

Coscinodiscus excentricus, Ehr.

(< marginatus ££

Gallionella sulcata, ££

Grammatophora oceanica, u
♦Isthmia minima, H. et B-.

Surirella fastuosa, Ehr.

Triceratium Favus, Q. acuminatus, Bail.
Spongiolites Agaricus, Ehr. In situ,
forming bunches in the tissue of a
sponge.

Wilson’s Island.
Poumouta Group.

Climacosphaenia australis, Kiitz.
Podoeystis adriatica, Kiitz.

Climacosphaenia australis, Kiitz.
♦Cocconeis Parmula, H. et B.
Denticella Biddulphia ? Ehr.
Grammatophora oceanica, Ehr.
Gallionella sulcata, ££

♦Hyalosira punctata, H. et B.

Stauroptera aspera, Ehr.
Pinnularia didyma, £t

Tahiti.

Navicula Sigma, Ehr.

Podoeystis adriatica, Kiitz.
Stauroptera aspera, Ehr.
Triceratium concavum, H. et B.
Epithemia musculus, Kiitz.

Tongataboo.

Denticella Biddulphia ? Ehr. Grammatophora oceanica, Ehr.

Epithemia musculus, Kiitz. Synedra superba, Kiitz.

New Zealand .

A large collection of marine Algae from New Zealand was examined, but no
Diatomaceae could be detected adhering to them.

Those marked thus (*) are believed to be new, and are described on page 430.

1853.]

433

November 1, 1853.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Communications were read

From the American Philosophical Society, dated Oct. 7th, 1853 ; from
the Institute of France, dated Paris 22d Sept., 1853 ; from the Royal
Academy of Sciences of Amsterdam, dated 4th Oct., 1853, severally ac¬
knowledging the receipt of the Proceedings of the Academy.

From the Royal Bavarian Academy, dated Munich, 4th June, 1853 \
from the Wurtemburg Society of Natural History ; from the Imperial
Academy of Sciences of Vienna, dated 14th Feb. 1853 ; from the Acad-
C. L. C. Nat. Curiosorum, dated Breslau, 20th April, 1853 ; from
Prof. E. G-rube, of Dorpat, through Prof. Fliigel, of Leipsic, dated July
8th, 1853, severally transmitting donations to the Library announced
this evening.

From Commander Marston, U. S. Navy, dated Philadelphia, Oct. 19,
1853, accompanying specimens of colored clay dredged from the bottom
of the Delaware River near the Navy Yard.

From Dr. Samuel Webber, of Charlestown, New Hampshire, dated
Oct. 12th, 1853, addressed to Dr. Elwyn, transmitting specimens of
fishes infested with a species of Distoma.

From the Rev. Charles Fox, dated Detroit, Michigan, Oct. 14, 1853,
acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as a Correspondent.

From Mr. Wm. E. Moore, dated Fort des Moines, Iowa, Oct. 15th,
1853, desiring exchanges. Referred to the Curators.

Dr. Leidy stated that the nodular bodies imbedded in the tails and fins
of the fishes presented by Dr. Webber of Charlestown, N. H., were most
probably indurated entozoon sacs. Many ponds and lakes contain a mi¬
nute worm, resembling in general form a tadpole, belonging to the genus
Cercaria. The species, after living for some time in the water, attach
themselves to fishes and other living animals, and after losing the tail,
form for themselves cysts in the integuments, and subsequently become
transformed into a parasitic worm of the genus Distoma.

November 8th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Rev. A. Constantine Barry, dated Racine,
Wisconsin, Oct. 28th, 1853, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of
election as a Correspondent.

Also a letter from Dr. Wagner, dated Munich, October 18, 1853, ac¬
knowledging the receipt of his notice of election as a Correspondent.

Dr. Leidy read the following letter from Dr. Robt. W. Gibbes, of
Columbia, S. C. —

“ For many years I endeavored to procure for my friend Dr. Morton, skulls
from the ancient mounds of South Carolina, but the bones were always found
decayed. I have opened many of them in different parts of the state, and found
stone relics in good preservation, but the bones usually in fragments. The long
bones are sometimes perfect, but the crania are generally in a crumbling state.

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VI., NO. XII. 60

484 [November.

In 1847, I procured from a mound in the Wateree Swamp in Richland District
part of a cranium, which I forwarded to Dr. Morton, and of which he wrote me :

(( The skull is valuable in my series, as it is the only adult with the teeth that
I have ever possessed.”

During a heavy freshet in the Congaree River in August, 1852, several In¬
dian cemetries on its banks were exposed, and many explorations were made
with a view to the collection of their remains. Numerous hones were found,
with many stone implements, but no crania, except the subject of this notice.
For it I am indebted to my friend Col. F rank Hampton, who found it on the wood¬
lands Estate of his father a few miles below Columbia. A high, dry sandy
bluff was undermined by the current and fell, exposing an ancient burial place
in which bones and stone relics with earthen burial urns were abundant. This
single skull was found in good preservation, in a dry spot, and next *lay fortu¬
nately the lower maxilla was discovered a few feet off. It belonged to an aged
man, and the hole in the right parietal bone indicates that it was caused by vio¬
lence. A portion of the upper maxilla on each side is broken, as is the lower
part of the occipital bone, but the cranium is sufficiently perfect to present an ad¬
mirable specimen of the aboriginal American, of the Toltecan variety of Dr.
Morton. In its dimensions, in some of them, it is larger than the fine cranium
(1512, Morton’s Catalogue,) from Ohio. The elevation is about the same, but
the longitudinal and interparietal diameters, the intermastoid line, and the inter-
mastoid arch are greater. The frontal bone is more flattened, and the occiput
equally so — the facial bones are well developed, and an important value is given
to the specimen by the ponderous lower jaw, which is wanting in that from Ohio.
A number of stone specimens were found at the same time — mostly such as are
figured in the work of Sqtjier and Davis, pp. 217 — 18 and 237. Several of these
are forwarded with the cranium — as well as some long bones.

1 take great pleasure in adding this skull to the Morton Collection of the Aca¬
demy, and to congratulate our members on the possession of that noble monument
of its late lamented President — his life-labor of love. It is a fortunate privilege
that I have in being able to make a contribution to it, in memory of one whoie
loss has been so deeply felt by the scientific world.”

Dr. Wetherill exhibited two specimens of iron crystallized from
slags obtained from furnaces in this State : one of these presented a
decided octahedral form, and the other was dendritic.

Dr. Wetherill also referred to a peculiar deposit which he had noticed
on pigs of iron. This deposit was in needle-shaped crystals with their
points next the metal, and their bases outwards, presenting a velvety ap¬
pearance. It was evidently an aluminous mineral.

Dr. Wetherill had also found at Allentown, Pennsylvania, the copper-
colored cubes of the so-called Titanium, consisting of the Cyanuret and
Nitruret of Titanium.

November 15 th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read —

From Prof. Joseph Henry, dated Smithsonian Institution, Nov. 10th,
1853, acknowledging the receipt of late Nos. of the Proceedings.

From Dr. J. J. Von Tschudi, dated Vienna, 20th April 1853, trans¬
mitting a copy of his Memoir on the Peruvian Language.

Mr. C. Girard presented a paper entitled “ Researches upon Nemer-
tians and Planarians,” intended for publication in the Journal. Referred
to Dr. Ruschenberger, Dr. Goddard, and Dr. Brinton.

1853.]

435

November 22 d.

Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair.

Letters were read —

From the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, dated Nov. 15, 1853 ;
from the Royal Geographical Institute of Vienna, dated August 21,
1853 ; and from the Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm, dated
July 7, 1853, severally acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings.

From the Royal Geological Institute of Vienna, dated August 21,
1853 ; from the Imperial Academy of Sciences of Vienna, dated August
24, 1853, and from Dr. M. Roue, addressed to Mr. Isaac Lea, severally
accompanyingMonations to the Library announced this evening.

Dr. S. Weir Mitchell read a paper entitled i( On the effect of some
states of Respiration upon the Pulse which was referred to Dr. Leidy,
Dr. Hallowell and Dr. Ruschenberger.

Mr. Lea remarked that, when recently in Paris, he had found the
original specimen of Mulleria , described by Ferussac in 1823, and again
described by D’Orbigny as Acostsea , which identity Mr. Lea had pointed
out in a paper read before the Academy in 1851, and published in Part
2, Vol. 2, New Series of the Journal. The specimen alluded to pos¬
sessed the appended bivalve shell which belonged to D’Orbigny’s spe¬
cimen.

Mr. Lea also stated that the Reptiles referred to by Dr. Mantel], as
occurring in the Old Red Sandstone of the North of Scotland, were now
believed to be of a much later date.

November 29th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee on Mr. Girard's paper — “ Researches upon Nemer-
teaus and Planarians — reported in favor of publication in the Journal.

The Committee on the following paper by Dr. Mitchell, reported in
favor of publication.

On the influence of some states of Respiration upon the Pulse .

By S. Weir Mitchell, M. D.

I desire to offer to the Academy an abstract of a paper upon the influence of
some states of respiration on the pulse. As the original paper will shortly ap¬
pear at length in the American Journal of Medical Science, I shall be as brief as
possible.

Laborious respiration may be studied under four heads.

1. The movement of inspiration, thorax in motion.

2. Complete and full inspiration, thorax at rest.

3. The movement of expiration, thorax moving.

4. Complete expiration, thorax at rest.

The dynamical relations of the blood to the heart and lungs will vary in each
of these cases.

During inspiratory movement the lung is expanded, and, while air passes into
its cells, the blood of the greater vessels and of the two hearts tends to enter its
sponge-like tissue, under the influence of atmospheric pressure. A reverse pro¬
cess occurs in expiration, and some blood, as well as most of the air is driven out
of the lung.

436

[November,

Daring prolonged inspiration, therefore, the left heart receives but little blood.
In the state of expiration, on the contrary, it receives a larger share. But the
heart’s movements are to some extent regulated by the amount of blood which
enters its cavities, and hence we have in inspiratory movements a slow pulse, and
in expiratory action a quick pulse. Such are, to a certain extent, the explanations
of Dr. J. Reid, who noticed the phenomena in question, during his vivisections.
I have found no occasion to contradict his conclusions, and my own explanations
go to prove what that great physiologist merely inferred. I have also made cer¬
tain novel applications of this knowledge, such as will be found in my paper, de¬
tailed at some length.

I have observed the above mentioned phenomena on animals, and even in the
unusually prolonged respiratory movements of a few human subjects.

During fixed inspiration the pulse lowers, in a large proportion of men. In
fixed expiration, on the contrary, the pulse rises. Thus, an average of 40 cases
gave the following results : —

Normal pulse 80, inspiratory pulse 70, difference 10 ; expiratory pulse 93 ; ex¬
cess over normal pulse, 13 beats ; extreme of numeral difference between the in¬
duced pulses, 23.

Of the 40 pulses thus recorded, during fixed inspiration, 6 fell, over 20 beats,
8 fell, over 12 and 18, 5 or over 5 beats, per minute.

Some of the most extreme cases are yet more remarkable. Thus pulses of
108, 96 and 92, fell respectively, 49, 28 and 26, per minute. The largest rise in
fixed expiration was 36 pulsations per minute; the normal pulse being 83. In a
case of hypertrophy of the heart, with a pulse of 80, it fell so much in fixed in¬
spiration and rose so much in a like expiratory condition, as to make a total dif¬
ference of fifty pulsations between the two states.

For more minute information, I refer to the paper above mentioned.

I offer the following explanation of the facts thus recorded.

It is possible that nerve power may in some way assist in producing the re¬
sults : of this, I have no direct evidence. In asphyxia, the heart beats rapidly at
first, becoming slow, as the circulation is cheeked in the capillaries of the lungs.
In this stage of asphyxia, the right heart is congested and the left heart has too
little blood. That slow pulsation of the heart which then ensues has usually
been ascribed by physiologists, in part at least, to this double irregularity in the
distribution of the blood.

During profound and retained inspiration, we dilate the air cells at the expense
of the neighboring capillaries. As a consequence their circulation is somewhat
impeded, blood accumulates in the right heart, is deficient in the left heart, and
the whole organ beats slowly. Dilation of the pulmonary vesicles may be pro¬
duced by direct distension, as when we blow into the trachea, or by forces acting
from without, as occurs during life, in the thoracic movements. In the first case,
we have the additional element of pressure, which, however, does not very ma¬
terially alter the conditions, as I have shown elsewhere. The following experi¬
ments illustrate the propositions above stated.

Owing to difficulties almost insurmountable, the dilatation of the air cells was
made by insufflation, and not by expansible forces acting from without. A tube
wras placed in the trachea of a pair of dead lungs taken from a sheep, a glass tube
i inch in diameter and three feet long, was tied in the mouth of the pulmonary
artery. A similar tube was in like manner adjusted to the left auricle, so as to
receivd all fluids coming from the lungs. A column of fluid was placed in the
tube of the pulmonary artery. It ran into the lungs, and at last rose slowly in
the tube which I had tied in the mouth of the left auricle. The lung was now
filled with air by gently inflating through the tracheal tube. As the lung ex¬
panded, the fluid usually fell a little in both tubes, and most in that of the pulmo¬
nary artery. The water still passed through the vessels until a state of extreme
tension was attained, when the tide was checked. To do this completely, re¬
quired a fuller inflation than could occur in health. In fact, I have sometimes
been able to force both columns of liquid in a reverse direction, 2 or 3 inches up
the tubes. As the lung was allowed to contract in expiration, the fluid ran
through the vessels with a facility which seemed greatest during complete ex¬
piration. When the bloody fluid stood at a level in both tubes, inspiratory

1853.]

437

movement lowered it in both tubes. Expiratory movement caused it to rise in
both.

During; numerous vivisections, I noted the following corroborative facts : —

The lung grows pallid in extreme inspiration, it flushes to a deep red in expi¬
ration. That this change of color is not due to a mere aggregation of the capil¬
laries, is clear from the following fact. During complete inspiration the lung
was scratched so as to open some capillary vessels. No bleeding occurred until
the lung was allowed to contract, when the wound began to ooze. The flow of
blood was greatest in complete expiration. Care must be taken not to wound
any large vessel. The illustrative bearing of these facts upon my preceding re¬
marks is too plain for further comment.

At the moment of complete inspiration, the capillary circulation is retarded
or checked. As a consequence there is an accumulation of blood in the pulmo¬
nary artery and right heart, and a deficiency of blood in the pulmonary vein and
left heart.

Owing to this double disturbance, the heart beats slowly. The same set of
causes, produced in another way, lessen the heart beats in one of the stages of
asphyxia. This view is also supported in other ways, and by certain facts too
numerous for mention here.

In expiratory fixation the heart quickens as I have very amply proved.

This is due to several causes : —

l.In expiration, however complete, the lung still contains enough of air to keep
its vesicles moderately open. Therefore the blood traverses its tissue with ease,
until asphyxia ensues.

2. The muscular exertion requisite for a complete expiration is one-third
greater than that which a full inspiration demands, and as we w?ell know mus¬
cular exertion quickens the pulse.

3. Owing to this excess of expiratory force, and to the firm pressure ex¬
erted by the condensed lungs upon the heart, that organ is mechanically stimu¬
lated. If the heart of an animal be grasped during life it will flutter under the
hand with a quick beat, and as if shuddering beneath the compressing agency.
If the lung itself is firmly and equally pressed against the heart the same result
occurs.

To the combined influence of the three causes above enumerated, I ascribe the
rapid pulse of fixed expiration. I have therefore shown that in the movements
of respiration, as well as in states of extreme inspiratory and expiratory fixation,
the pulmonary circulation is subjected to singular and interesting modifications.
I shall close my remarks w7ith a single application.

During inspiration the lungs contain a maximum amount of blood which is to
some degree retarded in the capillaries at the moment of inspiratory fulness. It
is precisely at this moment that the lungs contain most oxygen. On the other
hand, during expiration, and during expiratory fixation, the aerated blood, leaves
the lung with the utmost facility. A regulation so beautiful as this should not
be allowed to escape attention. For other and equally curious deductions I re¬
fer to the essay itself.

The Report of the Corresponding Secretary was read and adopted.

ELECTION.

The Rev. Joseph H. Wythes was elected a Member of the Academy.
December 6 th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read —

From the Zoological and Botanical Society of Vienna, dated 21st
Aug., 1853, transmitting vols. 1 and 2 of their Transactions.

From the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, dated Nov. 6, 1853,

438

[December,

acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings, Yol. 5, Nos. 9 — L2, Vol.
6, Nos. 1 and 2, and of the Journal, new series, Yol. 2, Part 2; also
transmitting their Bulletin and Transactions.

From Prof. Baird, dated Washington, Nov. 26, 1853, transmitting
the collection of Serpents and Crawfishes acknowledged this evening.

From Mr. Charles Gillman of Brunswick, Maine, dated Nov. 29,
1853, in relation to obtaining a specimen of Moose (Cervus alecs) for the
Museum, an opportunity of which was now offered him. Deferred to
the Curators.

Dr. Le Conte presented a paper intended for publication in the Pro¬
ceedings, entitled “ Descriptions of new Coleoptera, from Texas, chiefly
collected by the U. S. Boundary Expedition.” Deferred to Dr. Leidy,
Dr. Hays and Dr. Ilallowell.

Dr. Leidy presented a paper for publication in the Journal, entitled
11 On Bathygnathus borealis, an extinct Saurian from the new Red
Sandstone of Prince Edward’s Island.” Referred to Mr. Lea, Dr.
Buschenberger and Dr. Coates.

On leave granted, Mr. Foulke offered a Desolution, instructing the
Curators to enquire into the expediency of keeping the Museum open
on more than two days in the week, and of granting the privilege of
giving tickets of admission to subscribers to a fund for meeting the ex¬
penses of so doing.

December 13 th.

Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Hon. J. K. Kane, dated Philada., Dec.
11, 1853, transmitting a copy of Dr. Kane’s new work on the Grinnell
Arctic Expedition.

Mr. Lea called the attention of the members to the specimen of Gneiss
bored by Pholas dactylus, and containing the shell. The specimen is
from the coast of France, and was procured by M. Cuyot, who had first
noticed the fact of Gneiss Dock being bored by this animal. The spe¬
cimen proves that the boring action must have been of a mechanical
character and not chemical, as had been supposed by Deshayes. M.
Cuyot was satisfied that it resulted from the animal twisting itself
around in the rock.

December 20th.

The President, Mr. Ord, in the Chair.

Mr. Conrad presented a paper for publication in the Journal, entitled
“ Monograph of the genus Argonauta, with descriptions of five new spe¬
cies,” which was referred to Mr. Phillips, Dr. Leidy, and Dr. Le Conte.

Mr. Conrad also presented two other papers for publication in the
Proceedings, entitled “ Synopsis of the genus Cassidula, and description
of a proposed new genus, Athlcta,” and “ Omissions and corrections to
a Synopsis of the North American Naiades,” both of which were re¬
ferred to the Committee on the first paper.

1853.]

439

Mr. Cassin presented a paper entitled “ Synopsis of the Falconidae
which inhabit America north of Mexico, and descriptions of new species.”
Referred to Dr. Wilson, Mr. Ord and Col. McCall.

A note was read from Mrs. C. M. G-ambel, accompanying the Journal
of her late husband, Dr. Wm. Gambel, of an overland expedition to
California in 1849, and giving permission to the Academy to examine
and make selections from the manuscript. Referred to the Curators.

December 27th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee on Dr. Le Conte’s “ Descriptions of new Coleoptera
from Texas, chiefly collected by the U. S. Boundary Commission,” re¬
ported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Descriptions of some new Coleoptera, from Texas , chiefly collected by the Mexican
Boundary Commission.

Most of the new species described in the following pages, were collected
by Mr. Arthur Schott, of the Mexican Boundary Commission under Major
Emory ; they were procured in the vicinity of Eagle Pass, on the lower portion of
the Rio Grande. With them were several other species, belonging to genera of less
interest, and which are here omitted, because numerous species from other parts
,of the country yet remain to be described. Those herein contained belong to
groups which are particularly interesting, or which have been made the subject
of special essays. In the genus Ophryastes, I have added descriptions of several
contained in my collection from Missouri and California, and added new descrip¬
tions of the two species already described by Say and Schonherr, so that the
student who may have occasion to refer to the genus, may find in a small space,
the distinctive characters ol all the species yet known within our territory.

To indicate the importance of accurate collections in distant parts of the
country, I may add that, while the collection contained about 110 species of
Coleoptera, 40 were new to our fauna. A much greater portion would have
been added, had not the very active researches of Lieut. H. Haldeman already
discovered a large number of those not included in the forty above mentioned.

Besides the species below described, I have added in the Revision of the Ela-
teridae of the United States, just published in the* 10th volume of the Transac¬
tions of the American Philosophical Society, descuptions of two very large spe¬
cies of Agryppus, a genus not before fully enrolled in our fauna.

Cicindela Linn.

Among the species belonging to our fauna must be placed C. curvata
Chevr., and C. decostigma Chevr. (Col. Mex. fasc. 2d,) Mexican species
wrhich have been found in Texas. The former was collected by the Commission,
the latter by Lieut. Haldeman.

C. vulturina, supra sericeo-nigra, capite thoraceque virescentibus, labro
albo, medio producto, 3-dentato, thorace paulo convexo, postice angustiore, late-
ribus late rotundatis breviter albo-pilosis, antice posticeque profundissime im-
presso, tenuiter canaliculato, elytris thorace sesqui latioribus minus convexis,
apice late rotundatis non serratis, margine tenui cyanescente, versus basin vage
punctatis ; subtus purpureo-cyanea ; fronte plana, utrinque subtiliter rugosa,
glabra. Long. *63-*74.

Eagle Pass. The first joint of the labial palpi of the male is testaceous. This
species seems to be most commonly without white marks on the elytra ; the
color in one specimen is greenish black, in the others it is pure black, at least
on the elytra. One specimen has a faint rudiment of an apical lunule ; in an-

440 [December,

other the lunule is narrow and divided, and the humerus has a distinct round
white spot ; in a third there is no humeral spot, but there is a narrow transverse
line about the middle, and one-third way from the margin to the suture ; a small
spot below and inside of this is obsoletely connected with it ; the line joining
these spots, and which represents the medial band of the elytra, makes an angle
of about 45° with the suture. This species is very closely allied to C. obsoleta
Say , and differs from it principally by the thorax being more convex and dis¬
tinctly rounded on the sides.

Tostegoptera Blanch.

1. T. ventricosa, atra convexa (glabra?) thorace lateribus rotundatis
serratis medio subangulatis confertim grosse punctato, callo pone medium dor-
sali laevi, disco antice rix obsolete impresso, elytris subsulcatis, confluenter
minus profunde punctatis, punctis granulo elevaio munitis, costis fere laevibus.
Long. *9, lat. *57.

Two females. This species is very different from S. cribosa Lee. (Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sc. 6,23), by the punctures of the thorax being smaller and more regular, and
by the absence of the distinct flattened surface before the middle; the elytra are
also more distinctly sulcate. I am inclined to believe that these species are in
reality furnished with hairs or scales when living, and that the little granule ob¬
served in each of the large punctures of the elytra is the attachment of such
scales. The fine scattered punctures of the under surface are furnished with
short hairs, but those of the upper surface are entirely glabrous.

2. T. aequalis, atra, convexa, thorace lateribus rotundatis vix serratis*
medio subangulatis, sat dense minus grosse punctato, pilis albidis consperso*
elytris aequaliter sat grosse punctatis, lineis duabus sub-laevibus vix distinctis*
sutura elevata punctis paucis notata. Long. *8, lat. *45.

One female. Easily distinguished by the absence of any distinct grooves and
the smaller ' punctures of the elytra. The punctures of the thorax still retain
some elongated flattened white hairs, which may originally have been dense ;
the punctures of the elytra furnish excessively short, almost invisible white
hairs.

I have adopted this genus, because it has been recently proposed, and because
I have had no leisure yet to examine critically the group to which it belongs ;
still, after a comparison between the different species, and some of our common
species of Phyllophaga Harris , (Ancylonycha Blanch.) I have failed to discover
any reason why they should be separated.

A new species from Texas completes the connection, by possessing with the
thick convex body of Tostegoptera, the exact sculpture of Phyllophaga quercina.

Erirhipis Burm.

1. E. Kernii, nigra, subtus nitida, longe pallide pilosa, supra'subnitida,
antennis rufescentibus, clypeo tenuiter marginato, vix emarginato, thorace lati-
tudine breviore, lateribus rotundatis basique luteis, disco punctato, breviter
piloso, linea dorsali sublaevi subelevata, calloque utrinque vix distincto, elytris
plus minusve flavo variegatis, sutura costisque duabus elevatis, interstitiis stri-
gosis et punctatis. Long. *39 — *54.

Euphoria cernii Haldeman, Stansbury’s Exped. to Salt Lake. 374, tab. 9, fig 10.

Large numbers of this species have been collected by Lieut. Haldeman in
Texas, and by the Boundary Commission at Eagle Pass ; the original specimen
was obtained by the late Mr. R. Kern near Santa Fe.

The male has the club of the antennae as long as the remaining portion, and
the anterior tibiae armed with two moderate teeth, the third or upper tooth being
hardly visible.

In the female the club of the antennae is shorter than the rest ; the anterior
tibiae are armed with three teeth, of which the two inferior are longer than in
the male.

In most specimens the elytra are yellow, with the suture, and some spots es¬
pecially near the suture, black; the black spots gradually enlarge until the elytra

1853.]

441

become entirely black ; at the same time the yellow at the sides and base of the
thorax becomes reduced and gradually disappears.

2. E. C la rki i, rufa, nitida, subtus longe pallide pilosa, clypeo nigro tenu-
iter marginato, antice subemarginato, thorace latitudine breviore, lateribus
rotundatis, disco utrinque vitta abbreviata punctoque laterali nigris, punctato,
linea dorsali calloque utrinque paulo elevatis laevibus, (breviter piloso ?) elytris
sutura costisque duabus elevatis, interstitiis punctatis et strigosis, rufo-luteis
sutura maculisque pluribus nigris, scutello, pectore, genubus tarsisque nigris, illo
gutta rufa ornato. Long. *42 — -5.

Several females collected by Messrs. Clark and Schott. This species seems
very closely related to the preceding, but the pale color on the thorax extends
also along the middle, and the abdomen and feet are rufous ; the antennae and
anterior tibiae are precisely as in E. Kernii.

3. E. Schottii, nigra, subtus nitida, longe pallide pilosa, supra opaca, cly¬
peo antice truncato, fortius marginato, lateribus tenuiter marginato, vertice
piloso subcarinato, thorace latitudine non breviore, lateribus vix rotundatis, basi
media late emarginata rufescente, disco parce punctato, breviter pubescente,
elytris striolis obscure luteis transversis plus minusve variegatis, sutura costis¬
que duabus elevatis, interstitiis bistriatis vage punctatis. Long. *45 — *55.

Several specimens collected at Eagle Pass by Mr. Schott, to whom I take
great pleasure in dedicating this species. The club of the antennae in the male
is very long, and the anterior tibiae have two short teeth at the apex; in the
female the club of the antennae is shorter than the remainder, and the anterior
tibiae are tridentate; the inferior tooth is not, however, elongated as in the two pre-
ceding species. It belongs to the same division of the genus as E. inda, but
the hair on the thorax is not long as in that species. The yellow markings of
the elytra are sometimes very abundant and confluent, at other times they are
hardly visible ; besides the little yellowish red line of the middle of the thorax
at the base, a vitta each side of the middle abbreviated at each end can some¬
times be seen ; the angle each side of the medial emargination is very distinct,
while in the two species above described the emargination hardly exists, and
the base is almost uniformly broadly rounded.

The beautiful Dendrobias 4-maculatus Dupont( Mag. Zool. 1836,) and Tylosis
oculatus Lee. (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc., 2d ser.2, 9) have been added to our fauna.
Both have been previously known from Mexico. A remarkable variety of Tra-
gidion coquus was also found, in which the yellow spots of the elytra are very
small and hardly visible.

Stenaspis Dup.

With this genus must be united Smileceras Lee ., founded upon Cerainbyx
solitarius Say. The female of this rare species was procured by the Expedition,
and differs from the male in having the antennae two-thirds the length of the
body. The 11th joint is not longer than the 10th, and is distinctly transversely
impressed; the joints from the fourth, outwards, have the external edge com¬
pressed ; the third also has a compressed edge beyond the middle.

S. splendens, nigra, thorace latitudine plus sesqui breviore, subinaequali,
irregulariter modice punctato, plagis laevibus relictis, postice constricto lateribus
dilatato tubercula laterali obtuso, elytris viridi-aeneis nitidis subparallelis rugis
profundis parcis intricatis, interstitiis elevatis convexis, parce punctulatis,femori-
bus laete auranciacis basi apieeque nigris, antennis nigris extrorsum rufescentibus.
Long. 1*37.

Texas, and from Dr. Berlandiere’s collection. This species must evidently be
referred to the present genus, although the prosternum is much less prominent
between the coxae than in the other species, and the lateral tubercle of the
thorax is not very distinct. The anterior lateral tubercle observed in S. solitaria
is entirely wanting, the sides being almost regularly rounded ; the posterior con¬
striction is very deep, and the base is more sinuate than in the other species.
The head is precisely as in the preceding. The antennae are black, with the
joints growing brownish red from the fourth, outwards ; the articulations are

442

[December,

black. The tibiae are black, pubescent with yellow hair. The very deep and
angular confluent rugosities of the elytra and their shining golden green color
will readily distinguish this species.

Mannophorus.

Mesosternum simplex, haud protuberans; mandibulae subacutae ; palpi breves,
subaequales, articulo ultimo subcylindrico longiore ; thorax rotundatus, non ar-
matus ad apicem transversim constrictus et margine prominulo munitus, basi
marginatus ; elytra costa eburnea ornata, mutica ; pedes tenues, femora mutica
non clavata, tarsi postici articulo lmo paulo elongato ; antennae 11-articulatae
tenues elongatae, maris articulo ultimo fere diviso.

This genus belongs to the Elaphidion group, but is sufficiently distinct from
all the others of that group found in our territory. It will probably fall eventu¬
ally into some of those invented by Mr. Serville, but from the very artificial
nature of the arrangement made by him, it is impossible to determine where it
may be found.

It differs from Elaphidion by the less dilated palpi, as well as by the 11th
joint of the antennae of the male being somewhat divided as in Eburia and Pur-
puricenus, approaching most nearly to the latter, but differing from both by the
more cylindrical palpi and by the very curious acute collar which surrounds the
apex of the thorax, and which projects very conspicuously at the sides. In the
form of body it resembles closely Crossidius testaceus Lee ., and I was at first
inclined to lefer it to that genus. The mandibles, however, are not at all bifid>
and the body, though slightly pubescent, is much less hairy than in Crossidius.

M. 1 as t u s , niger, subtus parce pubescens, capite thoraceque confertim grosse
punctatis, hoc rotundato, transverso, laete coccineo, basi apieeque nigro-marginato,
disco utrinque paulo elevato, elytris dense punctatis, vittis utrinque duabus an-
gustis flavis, (quarum interior laevigata et elevata,) postice abbreviate, apice
subtruncata. Long. *5 — .6.

Several specimens. The antennae of the male are longer, those of the female
shorter than the body. The thorax has a faint rudiment of a dorsal line near
the base. The inner vitta of the elytra is one fourth from the suture, the outer
one is near the margin; they are both abbreviated about one seventh from the
tip. Varieties occur with the vittae shorter, and with a black dorsal spot on
the thorax near the base.

Elaphidion Serv.

1. E. moestum, modice robustum, piceum, subnitidum tenuiter cinereo-
pubescens, thorace latitudine vix breviore, confertim punctato, lateribus paulo
rotundatis, elytris grossius modice punctatis, punctis postice minoribus, apice
truncatis, antennis femoribusque muticis. Long. *45 — ’56.

Specimens procured by the expedition at Eagle Pass, and by Dr. Berlandiere
in Northern Mexico. Related to E. pubescens, but the punctures of the elytra
are larger, the color is darker, and the pubescence shorter and more sparse.
The thorax of the female is coarsely, that of the male finely punctured.

2. E. spurcum, modice elongatum, piceum, parce cinereo-pubescens, pilis-
que sordide albis irregulariter maculatum, thorace latitudine vix longiore confer¬
tim punctato, lateribus rotundatis, elytris sat grosse modice punctatis, punctis
postice subtilioribus, apice truncatis, femoribus muticis, antennis articulis 3 et
4 apice spina brevissima armatis. Long. *45.

One specimen. In form and size is very similar to E. neglectum, but the
thorax has no callosities, and the elytra are slightly truncate and entirely un¬
armed at the apex. The affinities of this species seem to be with E. muticum
Newm ., but it is much smaller.

3. E. deb il e , elongatum, parce cinereo-pubescens, pilisque sordidis irregu¬
lariter conspersum, thorace dense punctato, latitudine paulo longiore, lateribus
late rotundatis, linea dorsali fere integra laevi, elytris sat grosse modice puncta-

1853.]

443

tis, punctis postis subtilioribus, apice subtruncatis, spina minuta suturali
armatis, femoribus muticis, antennis articulis 3 — 5 spina apicali minuta armatis.
Long. ’56.

Texas and Northern Mexico. Lieut. Haldeman and Dr. Berlandiere. This
species resembles in appearance E. villosum, but the glabrous line of the thorax
and the absence of the long apical spines of the elytra will at once distinguish it ;
the spots of yellowish hair on the thorax are inclined to form four vittae.

The scutellum in the species here described is densely pubescent, but as this
seems to be a character in all the species of the genus, I have not mentioned it
in the individual descriptions.

Ophryastes Sch.

A. Thorax lateribus tuberculato-dilatatis, postice subito valde angustatus.

1. 0. latirostris, niger, dense albido-squamosus, rostro crasso, basi im-
presso trisulcato, sulcis lateralibus divergentibus, obliquis, profundis, thorace
valde transverso, inaequali, grosse parce profundissime punctato, lateribus bitu-*
berosis, elytris thorace paulo latioribus, ovalibus, fusco subvariegatis, striis pro¬
fundis punctatis, interstitiis valde convexis. 'Long. *5.

One specimen found on the Arkansas River, near the mountains. This species
differs from all the following by the obliquity of the lateral grooves of the ros¬
trum, which is also thicker than in the other species.

2. O.ligatus, niger, dense sordide albo-squamtfsus, rostro basi impresso,
trisulcato, sulcis lateralibus brevibus obliquis profundis, thorace inaequali, latitu-
dine fere duplo breviore, lateribus dilatatis ad medium subangulatis, parce pro¬
fundissime punctato, profunde canaliculato, elytris thorace paulo latioribus,
striis tenuibus vage punctatis, interstitiis paulo convexis, 2,4 et 6to irregulariter
fusco-nigris. Long. *38.

One specimen, Nebraska. This species most resembles O. sulcirostris, but
the obliquity of the lateral grooves of the rostrum and the difference of the color
will distinguish it. The thorax is more deeply channelled, and is less constricted
posteriorly.

3. O. sulcirostris, niger, dense albido-squamosus, fusco subvariegatus,
rostro basi impresso, trisulcato, sulcis lateralibus brevibus modice profundis,
thorace latitudine duplo breviore, canaliculato inaequali, rugoso et grosse parce
profundissime punctato, lateribus valde dilatatis, postice subangulatis, elytris
thorace paulo latioribus tenuiter striatis striis grosse minus profunde punctatis,
interstitiis modice convexis. Long. *34.

Schonherr, Cure. 1, 509 (1833;) 5,819.

IAparus sulcirostris Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 316.

One specimen found on the Arkansas River, near the mountains. The thorax
is gradually dilated from the anterior constriction to the widest portion, w'hile
in 0. latirostris it is suddenly dilated behind the anterior constriction, and then
sinuate, so as to form two lateral prominences, of which the posterior one is
larger and less rounded.

4. O. tuberosus, niger, albido-squamosus, rostro trisulcato, sulcis latera¬
libus rectis profundis, thorace latitudine plus duplo breviore valde inaequali
grosse profunde punctato, lateribus bituberosis, elytris thorace non latioribus
striis vix impressis grosse profunde punctatis, interstitiis 2, 4 et 6to atris.
Long, *41.

One specimen, Santa Fe, New Mexico, collected by Mr. Fendler. This spe¬
cies differs from tbe three preceding, by the rostrum not being transversely im¬
pressed at the base, and from the next by the lateral grooves of the rostrum
extending between the eyes, by the middle groove being less deep, and by the
lateral dilatations of the thorax being much more prominent, as wrell as by the
difference in the arrangement of the dark vittae of the elytra, and the deeper
punctures of the striae. The scales of the thorax have been removed, in great
part, so that I do not know if the color was variegated on that part of the body.

5. 0. vittatus, niger, albido-squamosus, rostro trisulcato, sulco medio

444

[December,

profundissimo, lateralibus rectis profundis, mox ante oculos abbreviate, thorace
latitudine plus duplo breviore inaequali, parce profunde punctato, lateribus sub-
bituberosis, canaliculato saepe fusco trivittato, elytris striis vix impresses pro¬
funde punctatis, sutura cuprascente, fusca-interstitiis 3, 5 et 7mo fusco-vittatis.
Long. *41 — 48.

Schonherr, Cure. 1, 509 ; 5, 819.

Liparus vittatus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 316.

Platte and Arkansas Rivers ; not rare ; found also by the Commission at Eagle
Pass. The elytra of the male are but little wider than the thorax, those of the
female are more rounded, a little flattened on the back, and about one half wider
than the thorax ; the dark vittae of the thorax and elytra appear to be produced,
in part, by abrasion, as specimens occur in which they are hardly to be seen.
The suture, as far as the first stria, is covered with brown scales, having a slight
coppery reflexion.

B. Thorax lateribus late regulariter rotundatis.

6. O. speciosus, niger supra cupreo-fusco-squamosus, capite albo-squa-
moso vitta frontali alteraque pone oculos utrinque fuscis, rostro 5-sulcato, sulcis
intermediis brevibus haud profundis, thorace latitudine breviore lateribus rotun-
dato parce subtiliter punctato, subtiliter canaliculato, vitta utrinque dorsali
alteraque in latere niveis, elytris elongato-ellipticis striis profundis punctatis,
interstitiis vix convexis, parce punctulatis, 2, 4,7mo niveis, lateribus et subtus
albo-squamosus. Long. »8.

Eagle Pass, several specimens. This fine species is certainly the most beau¬
tiful of this family yet found in the United States : the lateral grooves of the
rostrum are situated in the side and converge a little posteriorly ; the inter¬
mediate grooves occupy the position of the lateral grooves in the species of
division (A.) and are very short, not by any means obvious ; the vittae of the
thorax are made up of spots placed close together and separated by narrow lines;
two or three small spots are scattered between the dorsal vitta and the lateral
one ; the anterior and posterior constriction, with their rows of punctures are as
in the species of the first division, but are hardly apparent in the lateral outline
of the thorax, which is regularly curved, only a little indented at base and apex ;
the elytra of the male are about one-fourth, those of the female about one-third
wider than the thorax ; the snowy white vittae are a little irregular in their out¬
line, the elytra beyond the 7th stria are covered with grayish white scales, simi¬
lar* to those of the under surface, and contrasting with the snowy whiteness of
the vittae ; the legs are speckled with dark fuscous, but the usual femoral band
is not seen.

7. O. argentatus, niger, aequaliter argenteo-albo-squamosus,vix variegatus,
rostro basi impresso, trisulcato, sulcis angustis profundis, lateralibus postice
paulo incurvis, thorace latitudine paulo breviore, inaequali canaliculato, pro¬
funde grosse punctato, lateribus late rotundatis, elytris ovalibus, striis vix im¬
pressis punctatis, interstitiis paulo convexis. Long. *69.

One female, with the elytra nearly twice as wide as the thorax, found at Val-
lecitas, California ; the anterior and posterior marginal impressions of the tho¬
rax are entire and very distinct, uniting with the dorsal line ; the color is more
uniform than in the other species, nevertheless the elytra are slightly mottled ;
an occipital line, the sides of the rostrum, and a space behind the eyes are covered
with fuscous metallic scales ; the dark band of the femora existing in many of
the species is more conspicuous in this, on account of the denser white scales of
the legs.

8. 0. v a r i u s, niger, albo-squamosus, capite fusco- variegato, rostro bisul-
cato, basi impresso, versus apicem medio foveato, thorace latitudine non breviore,
subinaequali, subcanaliculo, grosse parce punctato, fusco trivittato, lateribus late
rotundatis, elytris striis tenuibus minus profunde at grosse punctatis, interstitiis
non convexis, 3io 5toque plus minusve fuscis. Long. #35 — *44.

Desert of the Colorado, California ; chiefly on Larrea Mexicana. The elytra
of the male are not wider, those of the female are twice as wide as the thorax.

445

1853.]

This species is remarkably different from all those above described by the medial
groove of the rostrum being obsolete, except towards the tip, where it appears
as an oblong fovea ; the lateral grooves are not deep, and end at the transverse
impression at the base of the rostrum. Over the body and legs the wThite scales
are intermixed with pale fuscous, giving a dullness to the color ; the fuscous
stripes of the elytra are very variable, sometimes they are well defined ; in other
specimens they are confused by fuscous spots on the adjoining interstitial spaces ;
the dark fascia of the femora is moderately distinct.

9. 0. sordid us, niger, griseo-fuscoque squamosus, rostro trisulcato, sulci3
profundis, lateralibus rectis brevibus, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, antice
subangustato, lateribus late rotundatis parce punctato, subcanaliculato, elytris
convexis thorace latioribus, striis vix impressis punctatis, interstitiis planis.
Long. *37.

One female specimen, Platte River. The posterior marginal impression of the
thorax is indistinct ; the anterior one is entire, broad but not deep ; the brown
and gray scales are intermixed and do not form any well defined spaces ; the
latter color predominates on the head, and the former on the elytra.

10. O. d e c i p i e n s, piceus (dense ?) griseo-squamosus (elytris fusco variega-
tis ?) rostro sulco medio minus profundo antice lato, lateralibus brevibus indis-
tinctis, thorace latitudine non breviore, lateribus antice posticeque paulo rotun¬
datis, disperse profunde punctato, canaliculato, elytris convexis, thorace paulo
latioribus, striis modice impressis profunde punctatis, interstitiis paulo convexis.
Long. *3.

One male found by the Commission at Eagle Pass. The scales are unfortunately
removed in great part, but the elytra at the apex show some appearance of having
been variegated with darker marks. Beneath, the body is uniformly and densely
covered with grayish scales. The sides of the thorax are nearly straight at the
middle, narrowed and rounded slightly at each end ; tne transverse marginal im¬
pressions are visible only in the sides. The rostrum is more flattened above
than in any other species, and the middle groove is very indistinct, and so di¬
lated anteriorly that the surface becomes broadly concave ; the lateral grooves
are very short and not deep. The appearance is very similar to Epicaerus, but
the ciliate thoracic postocular lobes require it to be placed in this genus.

Although but two new species of this interesting genus were procured by the
Boundary Commission, I have thought that a short account of all the species
known to me, would be useful.

Pelecyphortjs Sol.

P. e 1 a t us, niger, capite profunde impresso, thorace latitudine paulo bre\ iore,
lateribus antice latissime reflexis medio angulatis, angulis anticis et posticis dis-
tinctis, elytris oblongo-ovalibus, postice acutiusculis, convexis, thorace plus
duplo latioribus punctis rugosis minus profundis impressis, lineis tribus sutura-
que lasvibus, epipleuris subito inflexis, humeris minutis porrectis. Long. 1*3.

A large species, remarkable for the form of the thorax, which is tolerably re¬
gularly hexagonal, with all the angles well defined ; the sides are very strongly
reflexed anteriorly, but become gradually narrower from the lateral angle to the
base. This species agrees with P. confluens Lee. and the next species, as well
as wflth all the others referred by me to the genus,except Asida anastomosis, in hav¬
ing elongate palpi with the last joint strongly securiform, and a large lateral open¬
ing between the mentum and the base of the mandibles. The species referred
by me to Euschides (Stenomorpha Solier, ) have the same form of mouth, but ap¬
pear to have the last joint of the palpi broader and more regularly triangular. I
am doubtful about the generic value of that character, but at present all is con¬
fusion in regard to genera of Tenebrionidae ; the prosternum is longitudinally
deeply concave between the anterior coxae, and is not produced posteriorly ; the
sides of the elytra are not margined, although the epipleurae are suddenly indexed.

P. s o r d i d u s, piceo-niger, capite modice impresso, punctato, thorace latitu¬
dine fere sesqui breviore, ante medium angustato, lateribus rotundatis subserra-
tis, deplanatis, subreflexis,confertim grosse inaequaliter punctato, elytris oblongo-

446

[December,

ovalibus, convexis postice subacutis, sutura, margine. costisque utrinque dua-
bus elevatis lineis transversis sinuatis inter se irregulariter convexis. Long.
•75 — 85.

Arkansas River, near the mountains. The female has the elytra twice as wide
as the thorax, and more rounded on the sides than in the other sex. The antepectus
is sulcate between the coxae, but the groove is narrower than in the preceding
species. The specimens are covered with an earthy matter, which adheres very
strongly.

Another species was found by the Commission, of which only the elytra are
preserved ; they are obovate, dilated gradually for three-fourths of their length
somewhat flattened anteriorly, very declivous, and subacute posteriorly, trun¬
cate at base with a well defined margin ; lateral margin acute, extending within
one-fifth of the apex ; the disc is sparsely punctured, and each elytron is marked
with three faint elevated ridges obsolete at both ends, and of which the exter¬
nal one is the most distinct. The sculpture of the under surface and the pro¬
portions of the legs are exactly those of P. s o r d i d u s, which it will probably
resemble in the form of the thorax. As the characters drawn from the form and
sculpture of the elytra are very distinct in this genus, I venture to name this
species P. subcostatus.

Microschatia Sol.

M. contorta, sordide fusca, longiuscula, capite profunde excavato, thorace
hexagonali, latitudine vix breviore, angulis lateralibus apice rotundatis, lateri-
bus postice paulo emarginatis, disco canaliculato, inaequali, elytris postice dila-
tatis, lateribus serrato-tuberculatis, costa discoidali alte tuberculata irregu¬
lariter fracta, cum sutura elevata lineis transversis. connexa ornatis. Long. *37.

From the collection of the late Dr,. Berlandiere ; this very ugly insect
bears a certain analogy to Asida anastomosis Say , in appearance, but is
very distinct by the hexagonal thorax, and more rough elytra ; the discoidal
costa ends about one-fourth from the apex in a high tubercle ; the marginal series
of tubercles ends by bending inwards to the suture about one-sixth from the apex.

The maxillary palpi are small, and can be almost entirely concealed behind
the mentum, which not only fills up the progenial cavity, but abuts against the
mandibles, entirely covering the mouth beneath ; this is also the case in Asida
anastomosis, and in the two species of Microschatia described by me (Ann. Lye.
5, 129,) which are properly congeneric with that species ; it remains still to be
determined whether they should enter Solier’s genus, of which only one species
was known to the inventor.

The present species differs from all the others mentioned in having the third joint
of the antennae not longer than the fourth ; the prosternum is broadly produced
posteriorly, as in M. inaequalis.

Asida anastomosis, incorrectly referred by me to Pelecyphorus, has the pros¬
ternum regularly rounded and not produced posteriorly.

Triorophus Lee.

T. nodiceps, ater, minus nitidus, capite subtilius postice densius punctato,
lateribus margine tenui reflexo, fronte tuberculo magno obtuso ornata, thorace
transverso punctato, basi marginato, lateribus rotundato, angulis anticis porrec-
tis, elytris ventricosis rotundatis thorace plus duplo latioribus, 9-seriatim punc-
tatis. Long. *33.

One specimen : Eagle Pass. Differs from the three species described by me
(Ann. Lyc. 5, 141) in theless punctured head, the much larger frontal tubercleand
by the wider and more inflated elytra.

Embaphion Say.

1. E. concavum, elongato-ellipticum, nigrum, thoracis et elytrorum late¬
ribus altissime reflexis, illo antrorsum angustato disco parce punctulato, lateribus
parcius subtilius muricatis, elytris subtiliter muricato-punctatis, brevissime his-
pidis. Long. *78, lat. *4.

1853.]

447

One specimen. Resembles E. muricatum Say , but is longer and narrower,
with the broad margin of the elytra more suddenly reflexed and almost perpen¬
dicular. Although so different in form, this genus is only distinguished from
Eleodes by the inferior plane of the mentum being more rounded and more deeply
impressed; its anterior margin is slightly incised; the lateral angles are so much
indexed as to be invisible ; the tarsi are sulcate beneath, and fringed at the
apex and sides with short spines; the middle joints of the posterior tarsi appear
more elongated than in Eleodes. I have great doubt of the generic value of any
of these differences, and several nondescript species from New Mexico seem to
be intermediate, both by the form of the body and by the differences in the
mentum.

Lytta Linn.

1. L. fulvipennis Lee., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 33, though smaller, does not
appear sufficiently different from L. c ar din alis C/iev ., Col. Mex. cent. 1.

2. L- cribrata, atra, capite thoraceque nitidis, punctis paucis impressis,
illo macula frontali magna sanguinea, hoc lateribus sanguineis, rotundato, disco
bifoveato, vix canaliculato, elytris opacis lineis elevatis irregulariter reticulatis,
thorace fere duplo latioribus. Long. *77.

One specimen. This species having the joints of the antennae oval, and the
labrum slightly emarginate, and the outer spur of the posterior tibiae obtuse,
belongs to division A — c of my essay on this genus, (Proc. Acad. 6, 331 ;) the
outer joints of the antennae are hardly thicker than those near the base ; they
extend to about the anterior third of the elytra. L. reticulata Say (Journ. Acad.
Nat. Sc. 3, 305) must resemble this species, but is said to be entirely black,
tinged slightly with green. The antennae are said to be thickened towards the
tip, and the punctures of the thorax confluent posteriorly.

3. L. morio, alra immaculata, confertim subtiliter punctata, brevissime
pubescens, thorace latitudine paulo breviore, subcanaliculato, angulis anticis ro-
tundatis, labro vix emarginato, tibiis posticis calcare externo paulo latiore.
Long. -4 — 53.

This species resembles L. pensylvanica, but is larger and more robust, and
the thorax is wider; in form it precisely resembles L. fissilabris Lee., but the
labrum is very slightly emarginate, and the spurs of the posterior tibiae are not
equal. The head, as in L. pensylvanica, has a fine glabrous, longitudinal line.

4. L. sublineata, elongata, nigra subtiliter dense punctulata, dense luteo-
griseo pubescens, thorace capite sesqui angustiore, latitudine paulo longiore,
lateribus parallelis antice rotundatis, disco late canaliculato, macula utrinque
denudata ad medium ornato, elytris minus dense pubescentibus, sutura, margine,
apice vittaque lata postice abbreviata densius griseo pubescentibus, lineis tribus
tenuissimis denudatis atris, tarsis palpis antennisque nigris, his articulo 2ndo 3io
paulo breviore. Long. 1*05.

One female, with the first joint of the antennae extending to the posterior mar¬
gin of the eyes. This fine species resembles L. immaculata and longicollis, but
the thorax is less convex, and the unequal distribution of the pubescence will
distinguish it. The posterior tibiae appear black, but I do not think that this
will be found to be a constant character.

5. L. fulvescens, nigra elongata dense subtiliter pubescens, densissime
luteo-fulvo-pubescens, thorace capite paulo angustiore, latitudine longiore, late¬
ribus parallelis antice rotundatis, canaliculato, elytris thorace paulo latioribus
immaculatis, antennis tarsisque nigris, illis articulo 2do 3io fere aequali, palpis
testaceis, apice nigris. Long. *59 — 68.

Several specimens; found also by Lieut. H. Haldeman in Texas. Resembles
L. longicollis, but is smaller and without any denuded humeral spot. By the
color of the palpi it also differs from all the allied species. The first joint of the
antennae extends a little beyond the posterior margin of the eyes in the male ; in
the female it is a little shorter.

L. ferruginea Say , L. conspersa Lee. and L. immaculata Say , besides L. my-

4 18 [December,

labrina Chevr. and L. convexa Lee., already known from that region, are also
contained in the collection.

The Committee on Dr. Leidy’s paper on 11 Bathygnathus borealis, an
extinct Saurian of the new Red Sandstone of Prince Edwards Island,”
reported in favor of publication in the Journal.

The Committee on a paper by Mr. Conrad, “ Monograph of the genus
Argonauta, with descriptions of five new species,” reported in favor of
publication in the Journal.

The Committee on the two following papers by Mr. Conrad, reported
in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Synopsis of the Genera Cassidula, Humph., and of a proposed new genus Athleta.
By T. A. Conrad.

Cassidula, Humph., Melongena, Schum.

The genus Cassidula was founded by Humphreys on Buccinum calcaratum
(Solander,) who included Murex melongena , Lin. and a Florida shell which he
terms M. cornuta , and cites Buccinum trames, Solander. This may be Murex
corona, Gmel.

I know of but one fossil species of this genus, if indeed it really belongs to it,
in the Eocene formation. I propose it at present as the type of a subgenus, to
which I can refer no other species.

Subgenus Lacinia, Con.

Globose ; pillar lip widely reflected, callous ; basal emargination profound ;
base dilated.

I have given a name to this subgenus which Humphreys applied to some un¬
known shell without describing it.

Fossil species , (Eocene.)

C. (Lacinia) Alveata.

Melongena alveata, Silliman’s Journ. Jan. 1833, xxiii, p. 344 : Con. Tert.
Foss. p. 37, pi. 15, fig. 2.

Fyrula Smithii, Lea. Cont. to Geol. p. 153 ; pi. 5, fig. 162. Dec. 1833.
Locality. Claiborne, Alab.

Miocene species.

C. Lainei,

Fyrula Lanei, Bast. Grateloup. Conch. Foss, des Terr. Tert. PI. 1,
fig. 2, 3, 8.

C. stromboides. Fyrula stromboides, Bast. Grat. ib. 2, 3.

Recent Species.

C. H1PPOCASTANUM.

Murex hippo castanilm. Born. Mus. 1780, p. 309. Dillwyn. Cat. p. 710.
Buccinum calcaratum , Soland.

Cassidula calcarata , Humph. Cat. 1797, p. 32.

Murex calcaratus, Dillwyn. Cat. p. 710.

Fyrula galeodes , Lam. An. sans vert. (Desh. ed.) ix. p. 517. Reeve. Mon.
Pyrula, No. 22.

Inhabits Island of Samar, Philippines.

C. MELONGENA.

Murex melongena, Lin. Martini, ii. p. 74. t. 39, fig. 389. Dillwyn, Cat.
p. 710.

Fyrula melongena, Lam. An. sans Vert. ix. p. 509.

Inhabits the West Indies.

C. BISPINOSA,

Fyrula bispinosa, Philippt, Abb. und Besch. Conch. Pyrula, pi. 1, fig. 7, 8.

Reeve. Pyrula, No. 18.

Inhabits

1853.]

449

C. PATULA.

Inhabits Bay of Caraccas (on mud banks,) Cuming.

C. corona.

Pyrula patula, Brod. and Low. Zool. Journ.iv, p. 377. Reeve, Pyrula, No. 20.
Murex corona , Gmel.

Fusus corona , Lam. An. sans Vent. (ed. of Desh.) ix, p. 453.

Buccinum omatum , Say. Journ. A. N. S. ii, p. 229.

Melongena corona. Silliman’s Journ. (new series) ii, p. 297.

Inhabits Florida.

C. ? PARADISIACA.

Pyrum paradisiacum , Martini, iii, pi. 94, fig. 909, 910.

Pyrula nodosa , Lam. An. sans Vert. (ed. of Desh.) ix, p. 518.

Inhabits Ceylon, Mozambique, &c.

ATHLETA, Con.

Ovate, voluta-shaped ; spire short, acute; columella with plaits as in Voluta.
A callous projecting on the shoulder, and covering a portion of the spire.

A. RARISPINA.

Voluta rarispina , Lam. An. sans Vert. (Desh. ed.) x, p. 426. Enc. Method,
pi. 384, fig 2.

Locality , Dax, in Miocene.

A. AFFINIS.

Voluta affinis, Brong. Grateloup. Tert. Foss. pi. 1, fig. 16, 20. V. rarispina ,
jun9 Desh.

A. Tuomeyi, Con.

Ovato-turbinate, with revolving lines distinct on the lower half and obsolete
above on the body whorl ; shoulder with distant prominent acute spines ;
between the spines and suture the side is flattened, swelling a little near the
suture, and has a few revolving raised unequal lines; penultimate whorl con-'
cealed by the callous, above which the whorls are finely tuberculated and
somewhat turrited ; columella with 2 prominent plaits and 3 obsolete ones.
Length 11 inch.

Locality. Bashia creek, Clarke co., Alab.

I have given Mr. Tuomey’s name to this interesting shell which was originally
referred by him to V. Sayana with doubt. Mr. Tuomey says the group of fossils
in this locality are very distinct from those of Claiborne, and I have no doubt the
deposit will prove to be an upper bed of the Eocene which may, when the fossils
are all collected, be found to contain some of the species of the Older Miocene as
it occurs at Vicksburg, Miss. The Athleta Tuomeyi , though a very distinct
shell, is related to a Miocene fossil of Dax, (A. rarispina ,) which is an abundant
species. The genus appears to have no living representative.

Omissions and Corrections to the Synopsis of the North American Naiades.
By T. A. Conrad.

U. perobliquus, Conrad. Monog. p. 51, pi. 27, fig. 2.

U. Rangianus, (female,) Lea. 1838, vi, 95, 18, 56.

U. Sageri, Conrad. Monog. p. 53, pi. 29, fig. 1.

Stroph. Etowaensis, instead of Etowaosist see Proceed. A. N. S. vi. p. 263.
Monodontina Buschiana, Conrad. (Marg. Vondenbuschiana, Lea.) ib. p. 269.
U. pectitus belongs to Agassiz’s proposed genus Scalenaria.

U. Aberti Cyprogenia.

U. fragosus, nobilis, apiculatus . . Quadrula.

Note on Requienia? Senseni.

I propose, in the uncertainty of the reference of this shell, to institut sub¬
genus, under the name of Arietina.

Inequivalved ; both valves deep, with involute beaks.

61

I

450

[December,

The Committee on Mr. Cassin' s u Synopsis of the Falconidae, &c./'
reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Synopsis of the Species of Falconidae which inhabit America north of Mexico ;
with descriptions of new species.

By John Cassin.

1. Subfamily FALCONING.

1. Genus Falco, Linn.

1. Falco anatum, Bonaparte. Comp. List., p. 4, (1838). Wilson. Am. Orn.,
ix. pi. 76. Aud. B. of Am., pi. 16.

Hab. Eastern North America, Cuba.

2. Falco nigriceps, Cassin. Birds of California and Texas, i. p. 87, (1853).
Hab. Western North America, Chili.

3. Falco polyagrus, Cassin. Birds of California and Texas, i. p. 88, (1853.)
Hab. Oregon, California.

2. Genus Hierofalco, Cuvier.

1. Hierofalco sacer, (Forster.) Aud. B. of Am., pi. 196.

Falco sacer, Forster. Philos. Trans. London, LXII. p. 423, (1772.)

“ Falco islandicus,” Aud. Orn. Biog., ii., p. 552.

Hab. Northern regions, Greenland, Labrador.

3. Genus Hypotriorchis, Boie.

1. Hypotriorchis columbarius, (Linn.) Wilson. Am. Orn., ii., pi. 15, fig. 3.
Aud. B. of Am., pi. 75, 92.

Falco columbarius, Linn. Syst. Nat., i., p. 128, (1766).

Hab. Throughout North America.

4. Genus Tinnunculus.

1. Tinnunculus sparverius, (Linn.)

Falco sparverius, Linn. Syst. Nat., i., p. 128, (1766).

Hab. The entire continent of America.

II. Subfamily ACCIPITRIN^E.

1. Genus Astur, Lacepede.

1. Astur atricapillus, (Wilson.) Wilson Am. Orn., vi., pi. 52, fig. 3. Aud.
B. of Am., pi. 141.

Falco atricapillus, Wilson. Am. Orn., vi., p. 80, (1812).

Hab. Northern and Eastern North America.

2. Genus Accipiter, Brisson.

1. Accipiter Cooperii, (Bonaparte.) Bonap. Am. Orn., ii., pi. 1. Aud. B-
of Am., pi. 36, 141.

Falco Cooperii, Bonap. Am. Orn. ii., p. 1, (1828).

Hab. Throughout North America.

2. Accipiter mexicanus, Swainson. Faun. Bor. Am. Birds, p. 45, (1831).
Hab. California, Mexico.

3. Accipiter fuscus, (Gmelin.) Wilson. Am. Orn., v., pi. 45, fig. 1. Aud. B.
of Am., pi. 374.

Falco fuscus, Gm. Syst. Nat., i., p. 280, (1788).

Hab. Throughout North America.

1853.]

451

III. Subfamily BUTEONINiE.

1. Genus Buteo, Cuvier.

1. Buteo borealis, (Gmelin.) Wilson Am. Orn., vi.,pl. 52. Aud. B. of Am-
pi. 51.

Falco borealis, Gmelin. Syst. Nat., i., p. 266, (1788).

Hab. Eastern North America, Fur countries, Wisconsin, Florida, Cuba,
Jamaica.

2. Buteo Swainsoni, Bonaparte. Comp. List, p. 3, (1838). Rich, and Sw.
Fauna Boreali Americana, Birds, pi. 27. Aud. B. of Am., pi. 372.

“ Buteo vulgaris.” Rich, and Sw. and Aud.

Hab. Western North America, Oregon, California.

3. Buteo lineatus, (Gmelin.) Wilson. Am. Orn., pi. 53, fig. 3. Aud. B.
of Am., pi. 56, 71.

Falco lineatus, Gmelin. Syst. Nat., i., p. 268, (1788).

Ilab. Throughout North America.

4. Buteo Bairdii, Hoy. (New species.)

Size smaller than B. lineatus , wings long and pointed, with the third primary
longest, second rather longer than the fifth, first about the same length as the
sixth. Entire plumage of the upper parts dark brownish with a purplish lustre,
especially obvious on the primaries. Plumage of the head and neck behind and
some feathers on the back edged and tipped with yellowish white, upper tail
coverts yellowish white with transverse bars of brown. Tail above dark ashy
brown, with about ten bands of dark brown and tipped with white. Entire
under parts and under wing coverts fine pale yellowish white with a few sagit¬
tate spots of brown on the sides, and a distinct stripe of brown running down¬
wards from the corner of the mouth. Front at the base of the upper mandible
white. Cere, legs and irides yellow.

Younger ? Entire upper parts very dark brown or nearly black with purplish
lustre, and entire under parts with almost every feather having a large longitu¬
dinal stripe or spot of the same, this color (brownish black) predominating on
the breast, and on the throat assuming the form of narrow longitudinal stripes.
Flanks and under wing coverts with rounded spots of white. Tibiae dark brown
with transverse bars and rounded and oval spots of pale reddish white. Upper
tail coverts reddish white with their outer edges brown, and with transverse
stripes of brown. Under tail coverts yellowish -white with transverse stripes of
brown. Stripes from the corners of the mouth wide and conspicuous. Front
white, cheeks yellowish white. Sex unknown.

Dimensions. — Female. Total length 19| inches, wing 14, tail S, extent of
wings 48 inches, tail about an inch longer than the folded wings.

Hab. State of Wisconsin.

Ohs — Two specimens of this remarkable Buteo are now in the collection of
the Academy, for which it is indebted to Mr. William Dudley, Secretary of the
Wisconsin Natural History Association, and to P. R. Hoy, M. D., of Racine,
Wisconsin. It bears a general resemblance to the European B. vulgaris , and
also to B. pennsylvanicus , but is quite different from either and from any other
species known to me.

Accompanying Dr. Hoy’s specimen were some interesting notes of the manners
of this species, with measurements of the recent bird. It is named by him in
honor of our mutual and highly esteemed friend Professor Spencer F. Baird, of the
Smithsonian Institution, one of the most eminent of American naturalists, and
whose exertions have contributed in a most important manner to the development
of the natural history of the United States.

5. Buteo pennsylvanicus, (Wilson.) Wilson. Am. Orn., vi., pi. 54, fig. 1.
Aud. B. of Am., pi. 91.

Falco pennsylvanicus, Wilson. Am. Orn , vi., p. 92, (1812).

Hab. Eastern North America.

6. Buteo Harlani, (Aud.) Aud. B. of Am., pi. 86

Falco Harlani, Audubon. Orn. Biog., i., p. 441, (1831).

Hab. Louisiana, Mexico.

452

[December;

2. Genus Archibutbo, Brehm.

«. of Am^ p°? «2.,°Cti’JOh*",,“’ <°”eliD-) Wil“"- Am- Vi. pi. 53. Aud.
Fako sanclijohannis, Gm. Syst. Nat., i., p. 273, (1788).

Hob. Eastern North America. 1

Am., pL IS160 laS°PU8’ (G“elin° Wilson‘ Am* Om., pi- 33. And. B. of

xt x Fa’l0 lag°Pus> Gm. Syst. Nat., i., p. 260, (1788).

Hah. Throughout North America.

3* AF»KbUfte° feFrnPneTa.8’ (Lichtenstein.) Gray. Genera of Birds, i., pi. 6.
xr Fal^° f®rru.glneus> Licht. Trans. Berlin Acad., 1832, p. 429.
tlab* California.

IV. Subfamily MILVIN^E.

1. Genus Nauclerus, Vigors.

pi ENauderus furcatus, (Linn.) Wilson. Am. Orn., vi., p. 51. Aud. B. of Am.

_ Faj5° 1'itcatus, Linnaeus. Syst. Nat., i., p. 129, (1766).

Hal. Southern and Central North America. V '

2. Genus Elancs, Savigny.

pL leUCUrUS- <Vieillot-> Bonap. Am. Orn., ii., pi. 11. Aud. B. of Am-

Milvus leucurus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. d’Hist. Nat., *x., p. 563,(1819).
Hah. Southern North America, California, South America. * '

3. Genus Ictinia, Vieill.

AaIi^L“iAmU,‘pl,'!T,i’,<WU“”-) Wil,on- Am- On,., iii., pi. 25, fig. 1-

Falco mississippjensis, Wilson. Am. Orn., iii., p. SO, (1811).

Han. {Southern North America. v

4. Genus Rostrhamus, Lesson.

1. Rostrhamus sociabilis, (Vieillot.) Spix. Av. Bras., i.,pl. 2.

Ency- Meth- •- »• im8> <•*>

5. Genus Circus, Lacepede.

Am*. 8in“i“;fif i""0 Wn~ Am- *.*«• 5‘. ««• A Bonap.

w .'itaSSSSJSSA u&"‘U’ i> p- 128> <1766>-

V. Subfamily AQUILINA2.

1. Genus Aquila, Mcehring.

of Am qplIa81hry8aet08’ <LinD') WilsOD- Am* 0rn*> vii*» P>- 55, fig. 1. Aud. B.
Falco chrysaetos, Linn. Syst. Nat., i., p. 125, (1766).

Hal. Throughout North America. 1

2. Genus Haliaetus, Savigny.

1. Haliaetuspelagicus, (Pallas.) Cassin, Birds of California and Texas, i.,pl. 6.

Hat. *•> P' 343> C3'1)'

2. HaliaStus Washington!!, (Audubon.) Aud. B. of Am., pi. n.

ta Ico Washingtonii, Aud. Orn. Biog., i., p. 58, (1831).

Hob. Kentucky. Western? * 1 ;

453

1853.]

3. Haliaetus albicilla, (Linn.) Gould. B. of Eur., i., pi. 10.

Vultur albicilla, Linn. Syst. Nat. i., p. 123, (1766).

Hab. Northern North America, Greenland.

4. Haliaetus leucocephalus, (Linn.) Wilson. Am. Orn., iv., pi. 36. Aud. B.
of Am., pi. 31, 126.

Falco leucocephalus, Linn. Syst. Nat., i., p. 124, (1766).

Hab. Throughout North America.

3. Genus Pandion, Savigny.

1. Pandion carolinensis, (Gmelin.) Wilson Am. Orn., v., pi. 37, fig. 1. Aud.
B. of Am., pi. 81 .

Falco carolinensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i., p. 371, (1788).

Hab. Throughout North America.

4. Genus Polyborus, Vieillot.

1. Polyborus brasiliensis, (Gmelin.) Aud. B. of Am., pi. 161.

Falco brasiliensis, Gm. Syst. Nat., i., p. 262, (1788).

Hab. Southern North America, Texas, Mexico.

5. Genus Morphnus, Cuvier.

1. Morphnus unicinctus, (Temminck.) Aud. B. of Am., pi. 392.

Falco unicinctus, Temm. PI. Col., i., p. (liv. 53, about 1827.)

Falco Harrisii, And. Orn. Biog., v., p. 30, (1839).

Hab. Southern North America, Texas, Mexico.

Obs. — The above comprise all the species which have been well established
as occurring within that portion of North America which is north of Mexico. Of
these species several are of exceedingly rare occurrence, but the greater part are
of sufficient abundance to be readily studied by the ornithologist or obtained by
the collector, and of all of them there are specimens in the collection of the
Academy. Of Buteo Harlani there is oue specimen which, when in the Rivoli
collection, was pronounced to be that species by Mr. Audubon, Jnit which does
not correspond with his plate and description so well as other specimens of a
different species from Mexico, now in the collection, and of this species alone
have I doubts about the correct name. It is in all probability a common Mexi¬
can bird, though whether previously described or not I am not at present pre¬
pared to say. , . _

The object of this synopsis being mainly to give the correct nomenclature and
date of original description, the numerous synonymes of North American
Falconidae have been omitted, though they will- be carefully inserted in my

Synopsis in Birds of California and Texas, parts 3 and 4.

In addition to the above species, there are in the collection of the Academy
several specimens, principally western and northern, which have been referred
with doubt to known species, but which I hope to further examine with - the ad¬
vantage of other collections from the same localities.

The Recording Secretary read his Annual Report, as follows : —

REPORT

OF THE RECORDING SECRETARY
For 1853.

During the past year, from Dec. 1, 1852, to Dec. 1, 1853, there have been
elected fifty-one Members and eleven Correspondents.

Four members have died, to wit: Prof. W. E. Horner, M. D., Mr. Francis
Lennig, John Price Wetherill, late Vice-President of the Acadeiny, and Mr.
Richard H. Kern, who was killed a few months since by the Indians, at the
time of the massacre of Captain Gunnison’s party, on the Sevier river.

454

[December,

During the past year, from January 1, to December 1, 1853, the following
papers have been read before the Academy, referred to Committees, and upon
their report, published in the Journal and Proceedings of the Academy.

By John Cassin, three, to wit : 1. Description of a new species of the genus
Scalops, from Oregon, in the collection of the United States Exploring Expe¬
dition. 2. Catalogue of the Hirundinidae, in the collection of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, July 1, 1853. 3. Descriptions of new species

of Hirundinidae and Psittacidae, specimens of which are in the Collection of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

By Mr. T. A. Conrad, three, to wit : 1. Synopsis of the North American
Naiades. 2. On new species of Unio — published in the Journal. 3. Monograph
of the genus Fulgur.

By Frederick A. Genth, Ph. D., two, to wit: 1. On a variety of gray Copper,
perhaps a new mineral. 2. On Ovvenite, a new mineral.

By Charles Girard, five, to wit : 1. Descriptions of new Nemertians and Pla-
narians, from the coast of the Carolinas. 2. Observations upon the American
species of the genus Esox. 3. Note upon a nest constructed by Catfishes.
4. Descriptions of some new Fishes, from the liver Zuni. 5. List of Reptiles,
collected in California by J. L. Le Conte, with descriptions of New Species.

By the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, M. A., F.L.S., and Rev. M. A. Curtis. — Exotic
Fungi, from the Schweinitz Herbarium, in the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia.

By Spencer F. Baird and Charles Girard, four, to wit: 1. Descriptions of new
species of Fishes, collected by Captains R. B. Marcy and George B. McClellan,
in Arkansas. 2. Descriptions of new species of Fishes, collected by Mr. John
W. Clarke, in the United States and Mexican boundary survey, under Lieut.
Col. James D. Graham. 3. Descriptions of new species of Reptiles, col¬
lected by the United States Exploring Expedition. 4. Researches upon Ne¬
mertians and Planarians.

By Francis N. Green, M. D. — Chemical investigation of remains of Fossil
Mammalia.

By S. S. Haldeman. — Descriptions of some new species of Insects, with
observations on described species.

By Edward Hallowell, M. D. — On some new Reptiles from California.

By Adolphus L. Heermann, M. D. — Catalogue of the Oological Collection in
the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

By Pliny R. Hoy, M. D. — Three, to wit : Notes on the Ornithology of Wis¬
consin, three papers.

By Prof. W. G. Harvey and Prof. J. W. Bailey. — New species of Diatomaceae
collected by the United States Exploring Expedition.

By Isaac Lea. — 1. Notice of the Mya nodulosa, Wood. 2. On the Castalia sul¬
cata, Krauss.

By Major John Le Conte, F.L.S. — 1. Description of a new species of Pacane
Nut. 2. Descriptions of three new species of Arvicola, with remarks upon
other North American Rodents. 3. Observations on Crotalus horridus and
C. durissus.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D., seven, to wit : 1. Descriptions of twenty new
species of Coleoptera, inhabiting the United States. 2. Synopsis of the Sil-
phales of America, North of Mexico. 3. Synopsis of tne Scaphidilia of the
United States. 4. Synopsis of the species of the Histeroid genus Abraeus, in¬
habiting the United States. 5. Synopsis of the Meloides of the United States.
6. Synopsis of the Endomochydae of the United States. 7. Synopsis of the
Atopidas, Rhipiceridae and Cyphonidae of the United States.

By Lieut. Maury, U. S. N. — Observations on Atmospheric Pressure.

By Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. — On the influence of certain states of Respiration on
the Pulse.

By M. C. Read. — Notes on the birds of Northern Ohio.

By S. W. Woodhouse, M. D — 1. Description of a new species of pouched
Rat, of the genus Dipodomys, Gray. 2. Description of a new species of Mouse,
of the genus Hesperomys. In all 44.

455

1853.]

During the past year the By-laws have been altered as follows :

Art. III. of Chapter III., strike out the word fifty and insert one hundred ,
making the clause to read as follows :

Art. III. But any member who shall pay into the hands of the Treasurer the
sum of one hundred dollars shall be exempt from all future semi-annual contribu¬
tions.

Art. I. of Chapter VIII, altered to read as follows :

Any Specimen belonging to the Academy and not presented under restrictions,
may be loaned to members or correspondents for purposes of scientific investiga¬
tion by the consent of three-fourths of the Curators, and for a period not exceed¬
ing three months ; any person to whom specimens may be loaned shall first
deposit with the Curators a sum, not less than Fifty Dollars, in cash, which they
may deem necessary to ensure the safe return of the specimen, and he shall be
subject to a fine equal in amount to one-third of the security given, for each
month that the specimen may be retained beyond the time specified for its re¬
turn. The specimen loaned, together with the date at which its return may be
due, shall be reported to the Academy by the Curators at the meetings for Busi¬
ness in March, June, September and December.

All of which is respectfully submitted by

B. Howard Rand,

Recording Secretary.

The Librarian read the following :

REPORT FOR 1853.

The entire additions to the Library for the present year amount to 1011 ; of
which 436 are in volumes, 432 in parts or numbers, and the remaining 143 in
pamphlet form. They may be classified as follows :

Volumes.

Parts or Nos.

P amphlets

Natural Sciences, .

248

120

75

Anatomy and Physiology,

25

16

23

Physical Science and Chemistry,
Journals, Transactions, Proceed- i

19

91

295

13

8

ings, &c. of Societies, . . J

Voyages and Travels,

16

1

Geography, ....

5

1

Biography, ....

1

3

Languages, ....
Agriculture, ....

2

4

1

Miscellaneous, «

25

19

Totals,

436

432

143

Of the whole number, we have received from Authors 68, from Editors 39 ;
from Societies and Corporations 170; from Dr. Wilson 266; from Edward
Wilson, Esq. 407 ; from other Members, Correspondents, &c. 56 ; and from the
United States Government 5. Total 1011.

The number of volumes now in the Library may be estimated at nearly 16,000,
including tracts bound in volumes, or arranged for binding. Of these about 5000
are on subjects of Natural Science, nearly 3000 volumes of Transactions, and about
1500 volumes of Voyages and Travels, and Anatomy and Physiology.

An opportunity for a correct enumeration will be afforded, it is hoped, during
the coming year, when the contemplated enlargement of the accommodations for
the Library will be completed.

The increase in the number of additions this year from Foreign Societies is very
gratifying, most of them having been obtained by exchange of publications.

456 [December,

Further effort might, however, secure many other important acquisitions to the
list, which are much needed, and frequently inquired for.

The necessity for a Library Fund, for binding and incidental expenses is be¬
coming every year more urgent. For a long period the Society has been unable
to make any provision of this kind from the Treasury, in consequence of which
large collections of Tracts, Periodicals, and volumes bound in paper, have ac¬
cumulated, and are with difficulty preserved from loss or injury.

We have now many hundred such volumes, and certainly not less than 2500
Tracts, the binding of which, however plainly and economically done, would
require a considerable expenditure. The improved condition of the Treasury of
late will perhaps authorise an appropriation to this objectfat present, and when¬
ever hereafter a surplus fund at the end of each year would admit of it, subject
to the approbation of the Treasurer. The attention of the Society to this matter
is earnestly requested.

We hope, however, that the day is not distant, when a permanent Library
Fund will be established, not simply for meeting the ordinary expenses of a
large Library, but sufficient for a regular annual outlay for new scientific publi¬
cations.

Respectfully submitted by Wm. S. Zantzinger,

Librarian.

Hall of the Academy of Natural Sciences , December 27, 1853.

The following Report was read by Dr. Leidy : —

REPORT OF THE CURATORS FOR 1853.

The great increase of the Cabinet of the Academy has rendered an enlarge¬
ment of its building absolutely necessary, not only to accommodate new collec¬
tions which may be received, but also to arrange those already in our possession.
The means through which this much desired object has nearly been accomplished,
were obtained from members of the Society and liberal citizens of Philadelphia ;
and we shall soon have almost double the space previously occupied by the mu¬
seum. The alterations and enlargement of the building, now in progress of
completion, mainly consist of an additional story, the floor of which rests upon
the upper gallery of the former hall. The new hall has three ranges of galleries,
while the former, in its present condition, has but two.

The natural history collections are to be removed from the east basement room
to the upper halls, and this is to be appropriated to the library, which then will
occupy the entire basement of the building, except a room for unpacking, &c.,
and a small office for the Committee of Publication.

Another important arrangement to be made is the construction of small
rooms for the different committees, which will afford increased facilities in the
transaction of business and the arrangement of the museum. Four of these will
be made in the upper hall, and three in the lower one.

During the year just about closing, the donations to the museum, except in one
department, that of comparative anatomy, have been unusually small, which,
however, in part arises from the approaching completeness of several of its col¬
lections. The donations in the different classes of natural history are as follows:

Mammalia. — Of this class 32 species have been presented, principally by Dr*
Heermann, Dr. Watson, Col. McCall, and Mr. J. Krider.

Aves. — Of mounted specimens of birds, and of bird-skins, there have been re¬
ceived 107 of 73 species, of which one collection of 23 species of birds of Cali¬
fornia was presented by Dr. Heermann, and 32 species collected in the westein
territories were presented by Col. McCall.

457

1858 .]

Of nests, those of 2 species of birds, and of eggs, those of 4 species have been
presented.

Reptilia. — Of this class 57 specimens of 35 species have been presented, prin¬
cipally by the Smithsonian Institution. Besides these Dr. Ford, of the Gaboon
mission, presented a valuable collection from Western Africa.

Pisces. — 6 species of fishes have been presented.

Mollusca. — A large collection of marine shells from Lower California were
presented by Dr. Heermann, and a small collection from Texas by Dr. Engel-
mann, besides which Mr. Lea presented an interesting specimen of P kolas dac¬
tylics, piercing gneiss.

Crustacea. — Of this class 9 species have been presented, principally by the
Smithsonian Institution.

Insecta , Myriapoda and Zoophyta. — A collection of insects and myriapods of
Western Africa was presented by Dr. Ford, and several species of insects from
the same locality by Dr. Hays. A few insects and echinoderms from Texas
were presented by Dr. Engelmann.

Comparative Anatomy. — To this department, during the past year, the cabinet
has received the richest accessions.

The entire anatomical collection of our late lamented president, Dr. Morton,
consisting of 867 human crania, 601 crania of inferior animals, and other osteo-
logical specimens, was purchased by a number of members and liberal citizens
and presented to the Academy. ♦

Mr. Fahnestock presented a collection of 33 crania of birds and mammals.
Besides these 10 other, anatomical specimens have been received, among which
are a fine cranium of Phoca leptonyx , presented by Lieut. M. G. Watson,
U. S. N., one of Auchenia Lama , presented by Dr. James M. Greene, 17. S. N.,
and one of an aboriginal American by Dr. R. W. Gibbes.

Botany. — Our herbarium has been enriched by a collection of Arctic plants,
presented by Dr. E. K. Kane, U. S. N-, and one of 61 species of woods from Dr.
Engelmann, of St. Louis. Besides the above, 59 botanical specimens were pre¬
sented, among which is a collection of marine algae from Mr. Ashmead, and 16
species of fruits from Mr. Ellis Yarnall, Jr.

Palaeontology . — 112 specimens of organic remains have been presented, prin"
cipally from Dr. A. T. King, Mr. L. J. Germain, and Mr. T. Conrad. Among
them is the unique specimen of the Bathygnathus borealis , of the New Red Sand¬
stone of Prince Edward’s Island, presented by Messrs. Lea, Yaux and Dr. Leidy.

Mineralogy. — Of minerals 31 specimens have been presented, principally by
Mr. C. M. Wheatley and Dr. Rand.

The above report is respectfully submitted by

Joseph Leidy,

December 21th, 1853. Chairman of the Curators.

The Annual Report of the Treasurer was read and referred to the
Auditors.

Mr. Yaux offered a Resolution which was adopted, (C that the privilege
of endorsing tickets of admission to the Museum on public days be
granted to Mrs. Wetherill, widow of our late' esteemed ;Vice Presi¬
dent, John Price Wetherill, and that she be authorised and invited to
visit at all times the Museum and Library of the Academy/’

458

[December,

to elect Officers and a Publication Com-
The following members were announced

The Society then proceeded
mittee for the ensuing year,
duly elected :

President , -

Vice Presidents ,

Corresponding Secretary ,
Recording Secretary ,
Librarian, -
Treasurer , -

Curators , -

Auditors ,

Publication Committee ,

George Ord.

Robert Bridges, M. D.,

Isaac Lea.

John L. LeConte, M. D.

B. Howard Band, M. D.

Wm. S. Zantzinger, M. D.

George W. Carpenter.

Joseph Leidy, M. D.,

William S. Yaux,

Samuel Ashmead,

John Cassin.

Bobert Pearsall,

Samuel Ashmead,

James C. Fisher, M. D.

Wm. S. Yaux,

Bobert Bridges,

Isaac Lea,

W. S. W. Buschenberger, M. D.,
H. C. Hanson.

election of member and correspondent.

John B. Biddle, M. D., of Philadelphia, was elected a Member , and
Prof. John LeConte, of Athens, Georgia, was elected a Correspondent.

CATALOGUE

OP THE

OOLOGICAL COLLECTION

IN

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

0? PHILADELPHIA:

BT

JL L. HEEKMANN, M, D

"March 1, 1853.

1st Order ACCIPITRES.

I. Family VULTURIDiE.

Gypaetus barbatus (Linn.) Greece. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.
Neophron percnopterus (Linn.) France. From the same.

Cathartes iota (Molina.) Buenos Ayres. From the same.

££ Brasiltensis (Lath.) Brazil. From the same.

“ aura (Linn.) Maryland. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M.D.
“ atratus (Bartr.) S. Carolina. From the same.

Vultur monachus Linn. Greece. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.
Otogyps auricularis (Daiid.) Africa. From the same.

Gyps fulvus (Gmel.) France. From the same.

“ “ Greece. From the same.

“ Bengalensis (Gmel.) Asia. From the same.

“ jackal (Daud.) Africa.

“ erythronotus (King.) Chili.

“ rutilans (Lichst.) Paraguay.

££ borealis (Gmel.) N. America.

II. Family FALCONID^.

Milvago chimango (Vieill.) Paraguay. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.

Polyborus vulgaris Vieill. Paraguay. From the same.

“ “ Cuba. From Mons. La Sagra’s Collection.

Bdteo vulgaris Bechst. France. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

lineatus (Gmel.) Pennsylvania. Presented by Mr. John Krider.
Archibuteo lagopus (Briin.) France. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.

Aquila fulva (Linn.) France, Pyrenees. From the same.

££ ££ Switzerland. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

££ heliaca Sav. Algeria. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ n^via (Gmel.) Island of Rugen. From the same.

££ BoneLlii (Temm.) Greece. From the same.

“ morphuoides Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

“ audax (Lath.) Africa. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

Circaetus gallicus (Gmel.) France. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.

(( thoracicus Cuvier. Africa. From the same.

Pandion halijetus (Linn.) France. From the same.

“ Carolinensis (Gmel.) New Jersey. Presented by Mr. S. Ashmead,
{( “ N. Jersey. Presented by Wm. Gambel, M.D.

“ “ Maryland. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M.D

<£ leucocephalus Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Hali.etus albicillus Linn. Europe. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ leucocephalus (Linn.) N. Jersey. Presented by Mr. S. A shmead.
££ Macei (Temm.) India. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ vocifer (Daud.) South Africa. From the same.

Helotarsus ecaudatus (Shaw.) South Africa. From the same.

4'

Haliasttjr leucostemus (Gould.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection*-
££ sphenurus (Vieill.) Australia. Ditto.

££ indus (Bodd.) India. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M.D.

Falco gyrfalco Linn. Iceland. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ peregrinus Linn. France. From the same.

££ ££ Saxony. From the same.

££ ££ Great Britain. From the same.

££ melanogenys Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Mypotriorchis subbuteo (Linn.) France. From Mons Des Murs’ Collection.
£<- ££- Germany. From the same.

££ ®salon (Gmel.) France. From the same.

££ Eleanor® (Gene.) Italy. From the same.

££ ££ Algiers. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

££ FRONTATUS (Gould.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Jeracidea kerigora (Vigs. and Horsf.) Australia. From the same.

££ Occident alis Gould. Australia.

Tinnunculus alaudarius (Briss.) West Africa.

Collection.

££ ££ Hungary.

££ ££ France.

££ ££ Great Britain.

££ tinnuncueoides (Natt.) Spain.

££ ££ Greece.

££ rupicolits (Daud.) S. Africa.

££ rupicoloides (Smith.) S. Africa.

££ vespertinus (Linn.) Greece.

From the same.

From Mons. Des Murs’’

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

££ cenchroides (Vig. and Horsf.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s
Collection.

££' sparverius (Linn.) Cuba. From Mons. La Sagra’s Collection,
Pernis apivorus (Linn.) France. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.

Milvus regalis Briss. France. From the same.

££ ater (Gmel.) Greece. From the same'.

££ ££ W. Africa. From the same.

££ isurus Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££- cheela (Lath.) India. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

Elanus melanopterus (Daud.) Egypt. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.- ^
Astur falumbarius (Linn.) France. From the same.

££- Nov® Hollandi® (Gmel.) Australia. From the same.

££ atricapillus (Wilson.) Mass. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.
Accipiter nistjs (Linn.) France. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ rufiventris Smith. S. Africa. From the same.

£t fuscus (Gmel.) N. Jersey. Presented by Mr. J. Krider.

££ Cooperii (Pr. Bonap.) Penn. Presented by C. Pickering, M. D.

££ gruentus (Gould.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection. JH

££ approximans (Vig. and Horsf.) Australia. From the same.

Melierax canorus (Thunb.) S. Africa. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.-
Serpentarius REPTiLivoRiis Daud. S» Africa. From the same.

Circus cyaneus (Linn.) France. From the same.

££ ®ruginosus (Linn.) France. From the same.

££ cinerascens (Mont.) France. From the same.

££ uliginosus (Gmel.) Missouri. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D-
i: assimilis Jard. and Selby. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
££ J'ardinii Gould. Australia. From the same.

££ ranivorus (Daud.) S. Africa. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

maurus (Temm.) Tangier. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection-

5

III. Family STRIGID.E.

From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection
From the same.

Strix flammea Linn. France.

“ c< Algiers,

Otus vulgaris Fleming. France.

“ brachyotos (Gmel.) Labrador.

Syrnium aluco (Linn.) France.

<c nebulosum (Gmel.) U. States.

Nyctale funerea (Linn.) France.

Bubo maximus Sibb. France.

“ virginianus Briss. Maryland.
u ascalaphus Savigny. Africa.

“ maculosus (Vieill.) Africa.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

, From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.
From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.
From the same.

Ephialtes scops (Linn.) France. From the same.

“ asio (Linn.) Pennsylvania. Presented by S. W. Woodhouse, M. D.

Nyctea nivea (Daud.) Arctic America. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.

Athene noctua (Retzius.) France. From the same.

“ nana (Yigs.) S. America. From the same.

“ suit D’Orb. Cuba. From Mons. La Sagra’s Collection.
tc cuculoides (Vig.) India. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

“ Brodiei (Burt.) India. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

ce boobook (Lath.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Surnia ulula (Linn.) Arctic America. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection..

Steatornis caripensis Humboldt.
Collection.

2d Order PASSERES.

I. Tribe FISSIROSTRES.

I. Family CAPRIMULGHLE.

New Grenada. From Mons. Des Mursr

From the same.

From Mr. J. Gould’s Col-

From the same.

From the same.

(( “ S. America.

Pon argus Cuvieri Vig. and Horsf. Australia,
lection.

“ brachypterus Gould. Australia.
cc humeralis Vig. and Horsf. Australia.

A£gotheles Novje Hollandle (Lath.) Australia. From the same.

Caprimulgus Europ^us Linn. France. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ affinis Horsf. Sumatra. From the same.

Nyctibius leucopterus (De Wied.) S. America. From the same.
Chordeiles virginianus (Briss.) Virginia and Pa. From the same.

Lurocalis leucopygius (Spfx.) Paraguay. From the same.

Eurostopodus albogularis (Vig. and Horsf.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s
Collection.

ce guttatus (Vig. and Horsf.) Australia. From the same.

Stenopsis hirundinaceus (Spix.) Paraguay. From. Mons. Des Murs’ Col¬
lection.

Antrostomus vociferus (Wilson.) N. Jersey. Presented by Mr. S. Ashmead^

6

II. Family HIRUNDINIDJE.

Hirundo rustica Linn. France. From M. Des Mars’ Collection.

<e rufa Vieill. Pennsylvania. From the same.

ee frontalis Quoy and Gaim. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s
Collection.

“ nigricans Vieill. Australia. From the same.

ariel (Gould.) Australia. From the same.

<f lunifrons Say. Rocky Mountains. Presented by A. L. Heer-

mann, M. D.

“ bicolor Vieill. Maryland. From the same.

4C albiventer Bodd. Paraguay. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ cyanoleuca Vieill. Chili. From the same.

Cypselus melba (Linn.) France. From the same.

te apus (Linn.) France. From the same.

“ Cayennensis (Gmel.) Paraguay. From the same.

Macropteryx Klecho (Rafil.) Java. From the same.

Collocalia nidifica (Lath.) Java. From the same.

(s fuciphaga (Thunb.) Java. From the same.

Acanthylis pelasgia (Linn.) Pennsylvania. Presented by Professor Baird.
Atticora leucosternon Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
Progne purpurea (Linn.) Pennsylvania. Presented by Professor Baird.

Cotyle riparia (Linn.) France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ (C Pennsylvania. Presented by Wm. Gambel, M. D.

<c serripennis (Aud.) Pennsylvania. Presented by Professor Baird.

Chelidon urbioa (Linn.) France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

III. Family CORACIDJE.

Coracias garrula Linn. Hungary. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
Eurystomus facificus (Lath.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

V. Family ALCEDINID.E.

Dacelo gigas (Bodd.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Alcedo ispida Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

<c beryllina Vieill. Java. From the same.

Ceryle alcyon (Linn.) Maryland. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.
Corythornis cristata (Linn.) Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
Alcyone pulchra Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Halcyon sancta Vig. and Horsf. Australia. From the same.

“ Macleayii Jard. and Selby. Australia. From the same.

cyanoventris (Vieill.) Java. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

VI. Family MEROPIDiE.

Merops apiaster Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ ornatus Lath. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

7

II. Tribe TENUIROSTRES.

I. Family UPUPID^E.

Upupa epops Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

II. Family PROMEROPID.E.

Nectarina famosa (Linn.) Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ minima (Sykes.) Africa. From the same.

Dictum hirundinaceum (Lath.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Col¬
lection.

Certhiola flaveola (Linn.) Guadeloupe. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

III. Family TROCHILIDiE.

Phjetornis superciliosus (Linn.) Brazil. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Polytmus jugularis (Linn.) Martinique. Presented by T. B. Wilson,
M. D.

“ simplex (Less.) Brazil. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
tc brevirostris (Less.) Brazil. From the same.

££ corallirostris (Bourc. and Muls.) Brazil. From the same.

Topaza pella (Linn.) Brazil. From the same.
Calothorax lucifer (Swains.) Brazil. From the same.

Mellisuga Alexandri (Bourc. and Muls.) California. Presented by A. L.
Heermann, M. D.

“ minima (Swains.) Jamaica. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ moschita (Linn.) Guiana. From the same*

££ cristata (Linn.) Brazil. From the same.

“ D elalandii (Vieill.) Brazil. From the same.

££ amethystina (Gmel.) Brazil. From the same.

Hylocharis ccerulea (Vieill.) N. Grenada. From the same.

££ sapphirina (Gmel.) Brazil. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.
4£ cyanogenys (Pr. Max.) Brazil. From the same.

“ prasina (Less.) Guiana. From M. Des Murs5 Collection.

IV. Family MELIPHAGIDJE.

Entomophila albigularis Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
££ rufigularis Gould. Australia. From the same.

Glyciphila albifrons Gould. Australia.

££ ocularis Gould. Australia.

££ melanops (Lath.) Australia.

Acanthorynchus tenuirostris (Lath.) Australia.
££ superciliosus Gould. Australia.

From the same.
From the same.
From the same.

From the same.
From the same.

Meliphaga phrygia (Lath.) Australia.

££ ornata Gould. Australia.

££ plumula Gould. Australia.

‘£ sonora Gould. Australia.

££ flavigula Gould. Australia.

££ Nov^ Hollandi^: (Lath.) Australia.

“ Australasiana (Shaw.) Australia.

<£ mysticalis Gould. Australia.

“ longirostris Gould. Australia.

From the same.
From the same.
From the same.
From the same.
From the same.
From the same.
From the same.
From the same.
From the same.

8

Anthocilera. mellivora (Lath.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
‘£ lunula ta Gould. Australia. From the same.

££ carunculata (Lath.) Australia. From the same.

‘e Lewinii Vigs. and Horsf. Australia. From M. Des Murs’ Col¬
lection.

Phyllornts aurifrons Temm. India. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

Tropidorhynchus corniculatus (Lath.) Australia. Presented by T. B.
Wilson, M. D.

££ cyanotis (Lath.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Col¬

lection.

Manorhina garrttla (Lath.) Australia. From the same.

££ obscura Gould. Australia. From the same.

Melithreptus lunulatus (Shaw.) Australia. From Mons. Des Murs’ Col¬
lection.

££ atricapillus (Lath.) Australia. From the same.

££ virescens (Wagler.) Australia. From the same.

u chloropsis Gould. Australia. From the same.

Y. Family CERTHIDiE.

Furnarius rufus (Gmel.) Paraguay. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
Cinclodes nigrofumosus (D’Orb. and Lafr.) Chili. From the same.

Syn allaxis humicola Kittl. Chili. From the same.

Annumbius acuticaudatus (Less.) Paraguay. From the same.

££ ruber (Vieill.) Paraguay. From the same.

Anabates striatus Spix. Paraguay. From the same.

Picolaptes brunneicapillus (Lafr.) Mexico. Presented by A. L. Heermann,
M.D.

Certhia familiaris Linn.. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ costa Bailly. Italy. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

££ Americana Pr. Bonap. Vermont. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.
Tichidroma muraria (Linn.) Switzerland. Presented by A. L. Heermann,
M.D.

Climacteris scandens Temm. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££ rufa Gould. Australia. From the same.

Sitta Europjea Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

■*( Syriaca Ehrenb. Dalmatia. From the same.

££ Carolinensis Lath. Virginia. From the same.

Troglodytes parvulus Koch. France. From the same.

a ££ England. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

££ hyemalis Vieill. Canada. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

££ jEDON Vieill. Maryland. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

<£ brevirostris Aud. Massachusetts. From Mons. Des Murs’

Collection.

££ tlatensis (Lath.) Paraguay. From the same.

££ LiUdovicianus (Lath.) South Carolina. Presented by T. B.

Wilson, M. D.

« arundinaceus Vieill. Pennsylvania. Presented by A. L. Heer¬

mann, M.D.

•£i Bewickii Aud. Maryland. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ chilensis Less. Brazil. From the same.

siortensis Less. Chili. From the same.

9

Campylorhyncus pallescens (Lafr.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Col¬
lection.

From Mr. J. Gould’s
From the same.

III. Tribe D EXTIE OS TRES.

I. Family LUSCINIDiE.

Orthotomus sepium Horsf. India. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ longicaudus (Gmel.) India. From the same.

Prixia familiaris Horsf. India. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

Drymoica cisticola (Temm.) Sicily. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ tetrix (Yieill.) Africa. From the same.

“ maculosa (Bodd.) Africa. From the same.

“ ruficeps (Gould.) Africa. From the same.

Calamanthus fuliginosus (Vig. and Horsf.) Australia
Collection.

“ campestris Gould. Australia.

Malurus cyaneus (Gmel.) Australia. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ <( India. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

“ longicattdus Gould. Van Diemen’s Land. From Mons. Des Murs’
Collection.

“ elegans Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

“ splendens (Quoy and Gaim.) Australia. From the same.

“ melanocephalus (Lath.) Australia. From the same.
e£ Lambertii Vig. and Horsf. Australia. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

Stipiturus malachurus (Lath.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
Amytis macroura Gould. Australia. From the same.

Cinclorhamphus cruralis (Vig. and Horsf.) Australia. From M. Des Murs’
Collection.

“ cantillans Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Col¬

lection.

(( strigatus (Lath.) Australia. From the same.

Megalurus rufescens (Vig. and Horsf.) Australia. From M. Des Murs’
Collection.

“ palustris Horsf. Java. From the same.

“ gramineus (Gould.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Calamodyta locustella (Penn.) France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ N melanopogon (Temm.) France. From the same.

“ phragmitis (Bechst.) France. From the same.

“ cetti (Marm.) France. From the same.

“ aquatica (Lath.) Germany. From the same.

“ luscinoides (Sav.) Piedmont. From the same.

“ arundinacea (Linn.) France. From the same.

“ olivetorum (Strickl.) Greece. From the same.

“ elaica (Linderm.) Greece. From the same.

“ palustris (Bechst.) Switzerland. From the same.

“ longirostris (Gould.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Col¬

lection.

<c australis (Gould.) Australia. From the same.

« affinis (Hodgs.) India. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

Luscinia major Briss. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

« t{ Algiers. From the same.

(t Philomela Pr. Bonap. France. From the same.

2

10

.Edon galactodes (Teram.) Greece. From the same.

Sylvia melanocephala (Gmel.) France. From the same.
conspicillata Marm. Sardinia. From the same.
subalpina Bonn. Dalmatia. From the same.

undata (Bodd.) Europe. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

Ruppellii Temm. Algiers. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
curruca Lath. France. From the same.
atricapilla (Briss.) France. From the same.

cjnerea (Briss.) France. From the same.

noRTExsis (Penn.) France. From the same.

orphea Temm. France. From the same.

44 Algiers. From the same.

nisoria Bechst. France. From the same.

iiippolais (Linn.) France. From the same.

44 Tangier. From the same.

trochilus (Linn.) France. From the same.

sibilatrix (Bechst.) France. From the same.

rufa (Lath.) France. From the same.

Bonellii (Vieill.) France. From the same.

Regulus cristatus Ray. France. From the same.

44 ignicapillus Brehm. France. From the same.

Culicivora ccerulea (Gmel.) Pennsylv. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M.D.

Saxicola jenanthe (Linn.) France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

44 stapazina (Linn.) France. From the same.

44 aurita Temm. France. From the same.

44 leucomela (Pall.) Dalmatia. From the same.

44 leucura (Gmel.) France. From the same.

44 pileata (Gmel.) Africa. From the same.

44 caprata (Linn.) Africa. From the same.

44 explorator (Vieill.) Africa. From the same.

Pratincola rubetra (Linn.) France. From the same.

44 rubicola (Linn.) France. From the same.

44 44 Africa. From the same.

Ruticilla ph<enicurus (Linn.) France. From the same.

44 tithys (Scop.) France. From the same.

Erytiiacus rubecula (Linn.) France. From the same.

44 44 deformed egg. France. From the same.

44 44 Africa. From the same.

Cyanecula suecica (Linn.) Germany. From the same.

Petr.oica fusca Gould. Australia. From the same.

44 multicolor (Gmel.) Australia. From the same.

44 cucullata (Lath.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

44 Goodenovii (Vig. and Horsf.) Australia. From the same.

44 rn (enicea Gould. Australia. From the same.

44 riiodinogastra (Drapiez.) Australia. From Mons. Des Murs’ Col¬
lection.

Sialia Wilsonii Swains. Pennsylvania. Presented by Wm. Gambel, M. D.

44 arctica Swains. N. W. Coast. Presented b*y T. B. Wilson, M. D.

Accentor alpinus (Gmel.) Switzerland. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

44 modularis (Linn.) France. From the same.

Enicocichla aurocapillus (VVils.) N. Jersey. Presented by A. L. Heer¬
mann, M. D.

44 novajboracensis (Gmel.) Massachusetts. Presented by T. B.
Wilson, M. D.

11

Serricornis frontalis (Vig. and Horsf.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s
Collection.

“ humilis Gould. Australia. From the same.

“ citreogularis Gould. Australia. From the same.

££ osculans Gould. Australia. From the same.

££ maculatus Gould. Australia. From the same.

Acanthiza pusilla (Lath.) Australia. From the same.

£C chrysorrhoa (Quoy and Gaim.) Australia. From the same.
ce Diemenensis Gould. Australia. From the same.

£< apicalis Gould. Australia. From the same.

£C Ewingii Gould. Australia. From the same.

££ culicivora (Gould.) Java. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ fusca (Gould.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££ brevirostris (Gould.) Australia. From the same.

Pares major Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

£* cceruleus Linn. France. From the same.

££ ater Linn. France. From the same.

“ palustris Linn. France. From the same.

“ borealis Selys. Longch. Europe. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

££ caudatus Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ atricapillus Linn. Pennsylvania. From the same.

££ carolinensis Aud. Pennsylvania. Presented by A. L. Heermann,

M. D.

“ atriceps Horsf. Java. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

LomoPHANES cristatus (Linn.) France. From the same.

“ bicolor (Linn.) Pennsylvania. Presented by A* L. Heermann,

M. D.

Psaltria minima (Towns.) California. From the same.

Paroid^es pendulinus (Linn.) France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ BiARMicus (Linn.) Germany. From the same.

Conirostrum ornatum. California. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.
Sphenostoma leucopsis (Gould.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
Mniotilta varia (Lath.) N. York. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

Sylvicola .estiva (Gmel.) Pennsylv. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

££ discolor (Yieill.) N. Jersey. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ striata (Gmel.) BayofFundy. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M.D.

££ Blackburnia2 (Gmel.) Massachusetts. From the same.

“ americana (Linn.) Massachusetts. From the same.

“ chrysoptera (Linn.) Virginia. From the same.

“ Pennsylvanica (Linn.) Vermont. From the same.

(e virens (Gmel.) Massachusetts. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Helenaia rubricapilla (Gmel.) Nova Scotia. Presented by T. B. Wilson,
M. D.

“ Swainsonii (Aud.) S. Carolina. From the same.

Trichas marilandicus (Briss.) Penn. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.
Zosterops lateralis (Lath.) Van Diemen’s Land. From Mons. Des Murs’

Collection.
ALBOGULARIS Gould.
chloronotus Vieill.

Australia.

Australia.

From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
From the same.

Motacilla alba Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
£{ LUGUBRis Temm. France. From the same.

££ boarula Penn. France. From the same.

££ citreola Pall. France. From the same.

12

Motacilla flava Linn. France. From M. Des Mars5 Collection.

“ Yarrellii Gould. England. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

“ luzoniensis Scop. India. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

<f capensis Linn. Africa. From M. Des Murs5 Collection.

Enicurus Leschenaultii (Yieill.) Java. From the same.
u ruficapillus Temm. Java. From the same.

Grallina cyanoleuca (Lath.)

Anthus spinoletta (Linn.) France.

<c pratensis (Linn.) France.

u arboreus Bechst. France.

(i “ Algiers.

t: campestris Bechst. France.

(i ludovicianus (Gmel.) Labrador
“ obscura (Gmel.) Island of Feroe. From the same.

“ Richardii (Yieill.) France. From the same.

Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
From M. Des Murs5 Collection.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

chii Vieill. Buenos Ayres.
capensis (Linn.) Africa.
cervinus (Pall.) Tangier.
rupus (Gmel.) Paraguay.
australis Vig. and Horsf.
lection.

flavigaster Swains. Africa.

From the same.
From the same.
From the same.
From the same.
Australia. From Mr.

J. Gould’s Col

From M. Des Murs5 Collection.

II. Family TURDID.E.

Macronus cafistratus (Temm.) Java. From M. Des Murs5 Collection.
tc melanothorax (Temm.) Java. From the same.
e{ pyrrhogenys (Temm.) Java. From the same.

Formicivora cantator (Bodd.) Africa. From the same.

Pitta cyanura (Gmel.) Java. From the same.

ee strepitans Temm. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
Myiophonus cyaneus (Horsf.) Java.

Cinclus aquaticus Bechst. France.

Tukdus viscivorus Linn. France.

From M. Des Murs5 Collection.
From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

pilaris Linn. Germany.
musicus Linn. France.
iliacus Linn. France.
merula Linn. France.

“ Tangier.

torquatus Linn. Switzerland.
cyanea Linn. France.
sax atilis Linn. Switzerland.
mustelinus Gmel. Pennsylvania. From the same.
solitarius Wils. Massachusetts. From the same.
migratorius Linn. Pennsylvania. From the same.
nanus Aud. Nova Scotia. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.
magellanicus King. Chili. From M. Des Murs5 Collection.
chochi Vieill. Brazil. From the same.
crotopezus Ill. Rio Janeiro. From the same.
carbonari us Ill. Rio Janeiro. From the same.
rubripes Temm. Cuba. From M. La Sagra’s Collection.
flavipes Vieill. Rio Janeiro. From M. Des Murs5 Collection.
cinereus Gmel. Buenos Ayres. From the same.
fuscatus Pall. Bahia. From the same.
citrinus Lath. India. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.
micropus Hodgs. India. From the same.

poliocephalus Lath. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

13

Mimus folyglottus (Linn.) Maryland. FromM. Des Murs’ Collection.

<c carolinensis (Linn.) Pennsylvania. From the same.

<c thenka (Mol.) Buenos Ayres. From the same.

(< calandria (D’Orb. and Lafr.) New Grenada. From the same.

“ Paraguay. From the same.

«•' dorsalis (D’Orb. and Lafr.) Chili. From the same.

Toxostomus rufus (Linn.) Pennsylvania. From the same.

CiNCLOsoaiA punctatum (Lath.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
(( castanotum Gould. Australia. From the same.

Timalia pileata Horsf. Java. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Pomatorhinus superciliaris (Bl.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Col¬
lection.

« temporalis Yig. and Horsf. Australia. From the same.

Icteria viridis (Gmel.) Pennsylvania. Presented by S. W. Woodhouse, M.D.

Oriolus galbulus Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ chixexsis Linn. Java. From the same.

Andropadus importuxus (Yieill.) Africa. From the same.

Pycnonotus aurigaster (Vieill.) Africa. From the same.

“ capensis (Gmel.) Africa. From the same.

iC crocorrhous Strickl. Java. From the same.

“ go i a vie r (Scop.) Java. From the same.

<c jocosus (Linn.) India. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

“ leucogenys (Gray.) India. From the same.

III. Family MUSCICAPID.E.

Lipangus plumbeus (Licht.) Rio Janeiro. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

t.enioptera nexgeta (Linn.) Buenos Ayres. From the same.

« variegata (D’Orb. and Lafr.) Buenos Ayres. From the same.

Fluvicola climazura (Vieill.) Brazil. From the same.

<e pica (Bodd.) Paraguay. From the same.

“ nigerrima D’Orb. and Lafr. Rio Janeiro. From the same.

Lichenops perspicillata (Gmel.) Buenos Ayres. From the same.

Copurus filicauda (Spix.) Rio Janeiro. From the same.

Machetornis rixosa (Vieill.) Paraguay. From the same.

Scaphorhynchus pitangua (Linn.) Brazil. From the same.

Saurophagus sulphuratus (Linn.) Brazil. From the same.

Tyrannus intrepidus Vieill. Pennsylvania. From the same.
t( “ Brazil. From the same.

“ verticalis (Say.) California. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

“ magxirostris D’Orb. Cuba. From M. La Sagra’s Collection.

(( melancholicus Vieill. Buenos Ayres. From M. Des Murs’ Col¬
lection.

ee rusticus (Licht.) Paraguay. From the same.

Milvulus tyrannus (Linn.) Buenos Ayres. From the same.

Tyrannula crinita (Linn.) Pennsylvania. From the same.

te ei New Jersey. Presented by Wm. Gambel, M. D.

ec audax (Gmel.) Buenos Ayres. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ ferox (Gmel.) Brazil. From the same.

“ Cooperii (Nutt.) Vermont. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

14

Tyrannula nunciola (VVils.) Penn. Presented by S. W. Woodhouse, M. D.
44 phcebe (Lath.) N. Hampshire. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

44 acadica (Gmel.) Pennsylvania. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
44 Traillii (Aud.) Vermont. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

44 virens (Linn.) Pennsylvania. Presented by Professor Baird.

44 44 Cuba. From M. La Sagra’s Collection.

44 rnAvivENTRis'Baird. Vermont. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.
44 kigricaxs Swains. California. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M.D.
44 cayennexsis (Linn.) Brazil. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

44 albicpllis (Vieill.) Brazil. From the same.

Elania pagana (Licht.) Brazil. From the same.

44 icterophrys (Vieill.) Paraguay. From the same.

Epscarthmus parulus (Kittl.) Chili. From the same.

Tityra Cuvieri (Swains.) Rio Janeiro. From the same.

Muse iVor a rupestris (Pr. Max.) Rio Janeiro. From the same.

Rhipidura albiscapa Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

44 motacilloides Vig. and Horsf. Australia. From the same.

Tchitrea torquata (Gmel.) Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
Monarcha nigra (Sparr.) Brazil. From the same.

Seisura inquieta (Lath.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

(C NixiBA (Gould.) Australia. From the same.

Hemiciielidon latirostris (Raffl.) Java. From the same.

Muscicapa grisola Linn. England. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

“ albicollis Temm. Germany. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

<4 atricapilla Linn. France. From the same.

44 parva Bechst. Saxony. From the same.

Setopiiaga mitrata (Lath.) Missouri. From the same.

44 ruticilla (Gmel.) Pennsylvania. Presented by Mr. S. Ashmead.

Vireo noyeboracensis (Gmel.) Massachusetts. Presented by T. B. Wilson,
M. D.

44 solitaries (Wils.) N. York. From the same.

44 flavifrons (Gmel.) Massachusetts. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

44 olivaceus (Linn.) N. Jersey. Presented by Mr. S. Ashmead.

44 gilvus (Vieill.) Pennsylvania. Presented by Professor Baird.

IV. Family AMPELIDiE.

Pardalotus punctatus (Lath.) Van Diemen’s Land. From Mr. J. Gould’s
Collection.

44 striatus (Lath.) Van Diemen’s Land. From the same.

44 QifADRAGiNTus Gould. Van Diemen’s Land. From the same.

44 brevirostris (Gould.) Australia. From the same.

Pachycepiiala gutturalis (Lath.) Australia. From the same.

44 RUFivENTRis (Lath.) Australia. From the same.

44 inornata Gould. Australia. From the same.

Eopsaltria australis (Lath.) Australia. From the same.

44 griseogularis Gould. Australia. From the same.

Pipra caudata Shaw. Bahia. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

44 militaris Shaw. Bahia. From the same.

44 rubrocapilla Briss. Bahia. From the same.

44 leucocilla Linn. Bahia. From the same.

15

Rupicola peruviana (Lath.) New Grenada. From the same.

Ampelis cedrorum (Vieill.) Pennsylvania. From the same.

Procnias variegata (Linn.) Brazil. From the same.

Campefhaga Macei (Less.) India. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

££ melanops (Lath.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££ parvirostris Gould. Australia. From the same.

« mentalis (Vig. and Horsf.) Australia. From the same.

££ humeralis (Gould.) Australia. From the same.

Artamus cinereus Yieill. Australia. From the same.

“ sordidus (Lath.) Australia. From the same.

££ leucopygialis Gould. Australia. From the same.

££ personates Gould. Australia. From the same.

££ superciliosus Gould. Australia. From the same.

Dicrurus balicassius (Linn.) Java. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ macrocercus Vieill. Java. From the same.

V. Family LANIIDJE.

Lanius excubitor Linn. France. From M. Des Murs' Collection.

“ meridionalis Temm. France. From the same.

££ ludovicianus Linn. S. Carolina. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.
££ minor Gmel. France. From M. Des Murs5 Collection.

££ collaris Linn. Africa. From the same.

££ borealis Vieill. Labrador. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

Enneoctonus collurio (Linn.) France. From M. Des Murs5 Collection.

(l rufus (Briss.) France. From the same.

Telophorus zeylonus (Linn.) Africa. From the same.

Oreoica cristata (Lewin.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Colluriocincla harmonica (Lath.) Australia. From the same.

£« brunnea Gould. Australia. From the same.

<£ rufiventris Gould. Australia. From the same.

££ parvula Gould. Australia. From the same.

££ Selbyi Gould. Australia. From M. Des Murs5 Collection.

Laniarius boulboul (Lath.) Africa. From the same.

Cracticus cinereus (Gould.) Australia. From the same.

££ torquatus (Lath.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
££ nigrogularis (Gould.) Australia. From the same.

££ leucopterus Gould. Australia. From the same.

IV. Tribe CONIROSTRES.

I. Family CORVID.E.

Gymnorhina tibicen (Lath.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££ organicum Gould. Australia. From the same.

££ anaphonensis (Temm.) Australia. From the same.

Strepera graculina (Shaw.) Australia. From M. Des Murs5 Collection.

‘£ arguta Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Garrulus glandarius (Linn.) France. From M. Des Murs5 Collection.

££ atricapillus Geoffr. Spain. From the same.

Cyanocorax cristatus (Linn.) Virginia. From the same.

££ Stelleri (Gmel.) California. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

16

Cyaxocorax cyanoleucus (Pr. Max.) Paraguay. From M. Des Murs’ Col¬
lection.

44 AZUREus (Temm.) Paraguay. From the same.

44 Californicus (Vig.) California. Presented by A. L. Heermann,
M.D. J ’

Struthidea cixerea Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
Nucifraga caryocatactes (Linn.) Germany. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Corvus corax Linn.

it a

a «

a a

From the same.
From the same.

From the same.
From the same.
From the same.
From the same.

Pica caudata Hay. France.

44 ts England.

France.

England.

Africa.

Greenland

££ leucophjEus Yieill. Greece. From the same.

££ corone Linn. France. From the same.

££ ££ Great Britain. From the same.

££ americanus Aud. Pennsylvania. Presented by Wm. Gambel, M. D.

££ “ Delaware. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

££ coroneoides Vig. and Horsf. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Col¬
lection.

££ ossifragus Wils. N. Jersey. Presented by Mr. S. Ashmead.

££ frugeligus Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ ££ Egypt. From the same.

ce ({ Syria in Asia. From the same.

(e CArExsis Licht. Africa. From the same.

(( moxedula Linn. France. From the same.

“ cornix Linn. France. From the same.

<e scapulatus Daud. Africa. From the same.

cc jamaicensis Gmel. Cuba. From M. La Sagra’s Collection.

“ splendens Vieill. India. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

<c macrorhynchus Temm. India. From the same:

Pyrrhocorax melanorhyxchus (Vieill.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s
Collection.

Corcorax alpinus Vieill. Switzerland. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.
Coracia gracula (Linn.) Italy. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

III. Family STURNID.E.

Astrapia carunculata (Less.) Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
Juida nabouroup (Daud.) Africa. From the same.

Gracula religiosa Linn. Sumatra. From the same.

« « India. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

Acridotheres tristis (Linn.) Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
HETiERORNis cristatella (Linn.) Java. From the same.

Sturnopastor jalla Horsf. Java. From the same.

Sturnus vulgaris Linn. France. From the same.

‘£ uxicolor Marm. Italy. From the same.
a a Africa. From the same.

Sturnella Ludovicianus (Linn.) N. York. From the same.

a « Penna. Presented by Wm. Gambel, M. D.

«« neglecta Aud. California. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.
££ hippocrepis Wagler. Cuba. From M. La Sagra’s Collection.
l( militaris (Linn.) Chili. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

17

Scolecophagus ferrugineus (Wils.) Nova Scotia. Presented by T. B. Wil¬
son, M. D.

Quiscalus purpureus (Licht.) Maryland. Presented by A. L. Heertnann,
M.I).

“ major Vieill. S. Carolina. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
i: purpuratus Swains. Mexico. From the same.

“ barita Gmel. Brazil. From the same.

“ “ Cuba. From M. La Sagra’s Collection.

Scaphidurus atroviolaceus D’Orb. Cuba. From the same.

Cacicus persicus (Linn.) Para. Presented by Mr. W. H. Edwards.

“ HjEmorrhous (Linn.) Para. From the same.

<c solitarius (Vieill.) Paraguay. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Icterus vulgaris Daud. Paraguay. From the same.

“ “ Buenos Ayres. From the same.

“ jamaicaii (Gmel.) Rio Janeiro. From the same.

Xanthornus varius (Gmel.) Pennsylvania. From the same.

“ dominicensis (Linn.) Cuba. From M. La Sagra’s Collection.

“ aurajVtitjs (Valenc.) Paraguay. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

iC flavus Daud. Buenos Ayres. From the same.

(i viridis (Gmel.) Buenos Ayres. From the same.

Yphantes Baltimore (Linn.) Pennsylvania. Presented by Mr. S. Ashmead.

(i Bullockii Swains. California. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M.D.
Molothrus pecoris (Gmel.) Pennsylvania. Presented by Wm. Gambel, M.D.
<e Bonariensis (Gmel.) Chili. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Agelaius phceniceus (Linn.) N. Jersey. From the same.

“ tricolor Aud. California. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.
“ gubernator (Wagl.) California. From the same.

<c XANTHocErHALUs (Pr. Bonap.) California. From the same.

(t crurjEus (Mol.) Chili. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ pyrrhopterus (Vieill.) Brazil. From the same.

“ aterrimus (Kittl.) Chili. From the same.
te brevirostris (D’Orb. and Lafr.) Paraguay. From the same.

“ thilius (Mol.) Chili. From the same.

Chrysomus frontalis (Vieill.) Buenos Ayres. From the same.
Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linn.) Massachusetts. From the same.

IV. Family FRINGILLID^E.

Hyphantornis capensis (A. Smith.) Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
et aurantia (Vieill.) Africa. From the same.

Ploceus manyar (Horsf.) India. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

“ nelicourvi (Scop.) Bengal. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
ct aureus (Gmel.) Africa. From the same.

“ oryx (Linn.) Africa. From the same.

i( madagascariensis (Linn.) Island of Bourbon. From the same.

(( jonquillaceus Vieill. Java. From the same.

Guiraca ccerulea (Linn.) Pennsylvania. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M.

“ Ludoviciana (Linn.) Vermont. From the same.

Calamospiza bicolor (Towns.) Missouri. Presented by A. L. Heermann,
M.D.

Cardinalis virginianus Pr. Bonap. Maryland. From the same.

£*' Carlsonii (Daud.) Brazil. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

« “ Laid at Paris. From the same.

3

18

Coccotiiraustes vijlgaris Briss. France. From the same.

Pifilo erytiiropthalma (Linn.) N. Jersey. From the same.

“ arctica Swains. California. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.
cc fusca S-wains. California. From the same.

Pitylus melanocephalus (Swains.) California. From the same.

Saltator cierulescens Vieill. Buenos Ayres. From M. DesMurs’ Collection.
“ aurantiarostris Vieill. Buenos Ayres. From the same.

Riiamphopis Brasilia (Linn.) Para. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

“ jacapa (Linn.) Bahia. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Pyranga rubra (Linn.) Pennsylvania. Presented by Mr. S. Ashmead.

“ ./estiva (Gmel.) Brazil. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Tanagra episcopus Linn. Bahia. From the same.

“ ornata Sparr. Paraguay. From the same.

“ zena (Linn.) Brazil. From the same.
i( olivascens Licht. Rio Janeiro. From the same.

Tachythonus leucopterus (Gmel.) Paraguay. From the same.
<£ cristatus (Linn.) Brazil. From the same.

Calliste festiva (Shaw.) Brazil. From the same.

“ thoracica (Temm.) Rio Janeiro. From the same.

({ braziliensis (Linn.) Bahia. From the same.

“ cayanna (Linn.) Brazil. From the same.

Euphonia violacea (Linn.) Bahia. From the same.

Euplectes capensis (Linn.) Africa. From the same.

Muni a oryzivora (Linn.) Java. From the same.

(S functularia (Linn.) Java. From the same.

“ maja (Linn.) Java. From the same.
ce striata (Linn.) Java. From the same.

(t cantans (Gmel.) Africa. From the same.

<c Malacca Linn. Africa. From the same.

Amadina fasciata (Gmel.) Africa. From the same.

Peophila cincta (Gould.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Sporothlastes castanotis (Gould.) Australia. From the same.

“ temporalis (Lath.) Australia. From the same.

t: nitida (Lath.) Australia. From the same.

“ guttata (Shaw.) Australia. From the same.

Steganopleura modesta (Gould.) Australia. From the same.

“ ruficauda (Gould.) Australia. From the same.

{C Bichenovii (Vigors.) Australia. From the same.

Estrelda amandava (Linn.) Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
i( astrild (Linn.) Africa. From the same.

Plectrophanes nivalis (Linn.) Iceland. From the same.

“ lapponica (Linn.) Greenland. From the same.

“ ornatus (Towns.) Rocky Mts. Presented by A. L. Heer¬

mann, M. D.

Cynchramus miliaria (Linn.) France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
SchjEnicola scriiEN iculus (Linn.) France. From the same.

Emberiza citrinella Linn. France. From the same.

(( “ Africa. From the same.

“ hortulana Linn. France. From the same.
i( cirla Linn. France; From the same.

19

Emberiza cea Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ diuca (Molina.) Chili. From the same.

Fringillaria flaviventris (Vieill.) Africa. From the same.

Euspiza melanocepiiae/v (Scop.) Greece. From the same.

££ americana (Gmel.) Pennsylva. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

Gubernatrix cristatelea (Vieill.) Buenos Ayres. From M. Des Murs’
Collection.

Paroaria cucullata (Lath.) S. America. From the same.

Volatinia splexdens (Vieill.) S. America. From the same.

££ jacarina (Linn.) S. America. From the same.

Spiza ciris (Linn.) S. Carolina. From the same.

££ cyanea (Linn.) Pennsylvania. Presented by Professor Baird.

££ AMiENA (Say.) California. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

Struthus hyemalis (Linn.) Alleghany Mts. Presented by Mr. S. Ashmead.
Phrygilus alaudina (Kittl.) Brazil. From M. Des Murs* Collection.

Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmel.) Halifax. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.
££ melodia (Wils.) Pennsylvania. From M. Des Murs* Collection.

££ graminea (Gmel.) Pennsylvania. From the same.

“ atricapilla (Aud.) California. Presented by A. L. Heermann,

M. D.

££ matutina (Licht.) Rio Janeiro. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Choxdestes grammaca (Say.) Missouri. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

Spizelea shattuckii (Aud.) Missouri. From the same.

££ canadensis (Lath.) Nova Scotia. From the same.

££ socialis (Wils.) Pennsylvania. Presented by Wm. Gambel, M. D.

££ pusilla (Wils.) Pennsylvania. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Passerculus palustris (Wils.) Vermont. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.
Pel’oea Bachmanii (Aud.) S. Carolina. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

Coturniculus Henslowii (Aud.) N. Jersey. From the same.

(e passerina (Wils.) Penna. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ manimbe (Licht.) Brazil. From the same.

Ammodramus maritimus (Wils.) N. Jersey. Presented by A. L. Heermann,

M.D.

££ caudacutus (Gmel.) N. Jersey. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Phonipara lepidus (Linn.) Cuba. From M. La Sagra’s Collection.
Spermophila mysia (Vieill.) Bahia. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
Fringilla CiELEBs Linn. France. From the same.

Passer Montana (Linn.) France.

££ domestica (Linn.) France.
‘£ ££ Africa.

<£ Italite (Vieill.) Greece.

££ salicicola (Vieill.) Spain.

££ arcuata (Gmel.) Africa.

Petronia stulta (Gmel.) France.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

Presented by Professor Baird.
Presented by A. L. Heer-

Chlorospiza chloris (Linn.) France.

Chrysomitris tristis (Linn.) Pennsylvania.

££ Lawrencii (Cassin.) California,

mann, M. D.

Chrysomitris pinus (Wils.) Labrador. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

20

Carduelis elegans Steph. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
Alario atjrantia (Gmel.) Africa. From the same.

Citrinella nigriceps (Rupp.) Africa. From the same.

Crithagra brasiliensis (Gmel.) Brazil. From the same.
e( luteocephala (D’Orb.) Bahia. From the same.

“ flaveola (Linn.) Paraguay. From the same.

Buserinus sulpiitjratus (Linn.) Africa. From the same.

Serinus butyracetts (Linn.) Africa. From the same.

“ CANARIA (Linn.) Canary Islands. From the same.
meridionalis Bonap. France. From the same.

Pyrrhuea cocoinea (Sandh.) Europe. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.
ie rubicilla Pall. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Loxia pityopsittacus Bechst. Germany. From the same.

“ curvirostra Linn. Germany. From the same.

“ americana Wils. Vermont. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M.D.

Carpodacus familiaris M’Call. California. Presented by A. L. Heermann,

M.D.

“ purpureus (Gmel.) Mass. From M. Des Mars’ Collection.

i( frontalis (Say.) California. Presented by Col. M’Call.

Montifringilla nivalis (Linn.) Switzerland. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Linota cannabina (Linn.) France. From the same.

(( montium (Gmel.) France. From the same.

“ “ Europe. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

Acanthis linaria (Linn.) Scotland. From the same.

“ “ Labrador. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

<c borealis (Temm.) Greenland. From the same.

Alauda arvensis Linn. France.

<£ brachydactyla Temm. France.
<c cristata Linn. France.

“ arborea Linn. France.

“ crassirostris (Vieill.) Africa.
il ruficeps Rupp. Africa.

From the same.
From the same.
From the same.
From the same.
From the same.
From the same.

Melanocorypha calandra (Linn.) France. From the same.

Otocoris alpestris (Linn.) Labrador. From the same.

£e rufa (Aud.) California. Presented by Wm. Gambel, M. D.

Megalophonus rufipileus (Vieill.) Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
Phytotoma rara Moll. Chili. From the same.

V. Family COLID^E.

Colius striatus Gmel. Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

VI. Family MUSOPHAGID^l.

Turacus erythrolopiius (Vieill.) Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
Opisthocomus cristatus (Lath.) Paraguay. From the same.

21

3d Order SCANSORES.

II. Family PSITTACID^E.

Nymfhicus Novje Hollandle (Gmel.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Col¬
lection.

Platycercus Brownii (Kuhl.) Australia. From the same.

££ semitorquatus Quoy and Gaim. Australia. From the same.

££ icterotis (Temm.) Australia. From the same.

££ pileatus Vig. Australia. From the same.

££ eximius (Shaw.) Australia. From the same.

££ Barnardii (Lath.) Australia. From the same.

“ zonarius (Shaw.) Australia. From the same.

Psephotus HiEMATONOxus Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Aprosmictus scapulatus (Bechst.) Australia. From the same.

Poi.ytej.is melanura (Yig.) Australia. From the same.

Pal^eornis rufirostris (Linn.) Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ Alexandri (Linn.) Asia. From the same.

££ cubic ularius (Linn.) Asia. From the same.

££ Bengalensis Briss. India. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

Melopsittacus undulatus Shaw. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Lathamus Nov;e Zealandi® (Sparr.) New Zealand. Presented by T. B.

Wilson, M. D.

Euphema elegans Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££ aurantia Gould. Australia. From the same.

“ chrysostoma (Kuhl.) Australia. From the same.

<c pulcheula (Shaw.) Australia. From the same.

Trichoglossus porphy'roecephalus Diet. Australia. From the same.

“ pusillus (Shaw.) Australia. From the same.

“ concinnus (Shaw.) Australia. From the same.

Ara ararauna (Linn.) Brazil. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Conurus jendaya (Gmel.) From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

monachus (Bodd.)

Eos rubra (Gmel.) Molucca.

Eclectus Ceylonensis (Bodd.) E. Indies.
Psittacus erythacus Linn. Senegal.
Chrysotis ^stivus (Linn.) Brazil.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From the same.

From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

festivus (Linn.) Brazil.

<£ ochrocephalus (Gmel.) Brazil.
u amazonicus (Briss.) Brazil.

Pullaria guineensis (Briss.) Africa.

Cacatua sulphurea (Gmel.) N. S. Wales.

<c moluccensis (Gmel.) Molucca Isl. From M. Des Murs’ Collection
£f cristata (Linn.) Molucca Isl. From the same.

Licmetis pastinator Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££ tenuirostris (Kuhl.) Australia. From the same.

Calyptorhynchus naso Gould. Australia. From the same.

£< Baudinii Lear. Australia. From the same.

99

III. Family PIC ID.®.

Laimodon nigrothorax (Cuv.) Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

<s leucomelas (Bodd.) Africa. From the same.

Pices major Linn. France. From the same.
ct medius Linn. France. From the same.

“ minor Linn. France. From the same.

<c leuconotus Bechst. Germany. From the same.

“ pubescens Linn. Maryland. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

<£ martin.® Aud. Vermont. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M.D.

u analis Temm. Java. From M. Des Murs* Collection.

Drycopfs martius (Linn.) Europe. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

Dendrobates percusses (Temm.) Cuba. From M. La Sagra’s Collection.

Gecinus viridis (Linn.) France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

<c canus (Gmel.) Germany. From the same.

Melanerpes erythrocephalus (Linn.) Pennsylvania. Presented by Wm.

Gambei, M. D.

Colaptes auratus (Linn.) Pennsylvania. From the same.

<c superciliosus Vig. Cuba. From M. La Sagra’s Collection.

Yunx torquilua Linn. France. From M. Des Murs* Collection.

IV. Family CDCULID^.

Saurothera Merlini D’Orb. Cuba. From M. La Sagra’s Collection.

Centropus affinis Horsf. Java. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ phasi anus (Lath.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Diplopterus guira (Gmel.) Buenos Ayres. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
“ c’Hochi (Vieill.) Paraguay. From the same.

Piaya cayana (Linn.) Brazil. From the same.

Coccyzus americanus (Linn.) Pennsylvania. Presented by Professor Baird.
i{ erythropthalmus (Wils.) Maryland. Presented by A. L. Heer¬
mann, M. D.

Crotophaga ani Linn. Paraguay. FromM. Des Murs’ Collection.
t; “ Cuba. From M. La Sagra’s Collection.

(( major Linn. Brazil. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
t{ “ Para. Presented by Mr. Wm. H. Edwards.

sulcirostra Swains. Peru. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Sc ythrops Nov® Hollandi® Lath. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Col¬
lection.

Cuculus canorus Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

<c inornatus Vigs. and Horsf. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Col¬
lection.

(i cinerascens Vig. and Horsf. Australia. From the same.

Ciialcites lucidus (Gmel.) Australia. From the same.

<( osculus Gould. Australia. From the same.

4th Order COLUMILE.

I. Family COLIJMB1D.E.

Ptilonopus pulcherrimus (Scop.) Java. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Treron aromatica (Gmel.) Java. From the same.

(i vernans (Linn.) Java. From the same.

23

Carpophaga myristicivora (Scop.) Australia. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
“ luctuosa (Temm.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

<( norfolciensis (Lath.) Australia. From the same.

« magnifica (Temm.) Australia. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

Columba aenas Linn. England. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
ft palumbus Linn. France. From the same.
ct livia Briss. France. From the same.

“ (( England. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

«« guinea Linn. Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ araucana Less. Chili. From the same.
i{ ccerulea Temm. Brazil. From the same.
te Fitzroyt King. Chili. From the same.

<£ gymnopthalmos Temm. Brazil. From the same.
ce corensis Gmel. Brazil. From the same.

(C rufina Temm. Cayenne. From the same.

Eotopistes migratorius (Linn.) Ohio. Presented by Wm. Gambel, M. D.

“ carolinensis (Linn.) Pennsylvania. From the same.

« « Cuba. From M. La Sagra’s Collection.

«• “ California. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

Geopelia humeralis (Temm.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
te cuneata (Lath.) Australia. From the same.
ct tranquilla Gould. Australia. From the same.

“ striata (Linn.) Java. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Macropygia amboinensis (Linn.) Java. From the same.

Aena capensis (Linn.) Island of Lucon. From the same.

Turtur auritus Ray. France. From the same.

<e bitorquatus (Temm.) Java. From the same.
ce <( Africa. From the same.

“ risorius (Linn.) France. From the same.

“ chinensis (Scop.) Java. From the same.

Columbina picui (Temm.) Chili. From the same.

“ strepitans Spix. Brazil. From the same.

<c campestris Spix. Brazil. -From the same.

Zenaida amabilis Pr. Bonap. Brazil. From the same.

“ aurita (Temm.) Chili. From the same.

C iiaMjEpeli a passerina (Linn.) Georgia. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M.D.

“ talpacoli (Temm.) Brazil. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ minuta (Linn.) Brazil. From the same.

Peristera Montana (Linn.) Florida. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

Ocyphaps lophotes (Temm.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Phaps chalcoptera (Lath.) Australia. From the same.

“ histrionic a Gould. Australia. From the same.

“ elegans (Temm.) Australia. Presented by Mons. J. Verreaux.

Geopiiaps Smithii (Jard. and Selby.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Col¬
lection.

u scripta (Temm.) Australia. From the same.

Calsnas luzonica (Scop.) Java. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

24

5th Order GALLING.

I. Family CRACIDAl.

Ortalida katraca (Bodd.) Brazil. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Penelope pipile (Jacq.) Paraguay. From the same*.

“ cristata (Linn.) Mexico. From the same.

££ mar ail Gmel. Brazil. From the same.

££ obscura Illig. Brazil. From the same.

££ riLEATA Licht. Paraguay. From the same.

££ aburri Goudot. New Grenada. From the same.

Crax globicera Linn. S. America. From the same.

Pauxt galeata (Lath.) Mexico. From the same.

*

II. Family MEGAPODIDiE.

Tallegallus Lathamii (Gray.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Mkgacephalon rubripes (Quoy & Gaim.) Celebes Islands. Presented by
T. B. Wilson, M. D.

Megapodius tumulus Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££ rubripes Temm. Timor Asia. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.
££ Reinwardtii Wagl. Celebes. From the same.

Leipoa ocellata Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

III. Family PHASIANID.E.

Pavo cristatus Linn. India. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.
££ Yar. alba. France. From the same.

£* muticus (Linn.) Japan. From the same.

Argus giganteus Temm. Japan. From the same.

Phasianus colchicus Linn.

££ torquatus Gmel.

France. From the same.
France. 'From the same.

Thaumalia picta (Linn.) Asia. From the same.

Gallophasisnyctemerus (Linn.) Asia. From the same.

££ leucomelanos (Lath.) Bengal. From the same.

Gallus Bankiva Temm. India. From the same.

££ domesticus. France. From the same.

Callus domesticus Yar. russicus. France. From the same.

££ ££ ££ nanus. France. From the same.

££ ££ ££ greenlandicus. France. From the same.

££ ££ ££ lagopus. France. From the same.

££ ££ ££ pomeranus. France. From the same.

££ lanatus (Linn.) Java. From the same.

££ varius (Shaw.) Java. From the same.

££ sonneratii Temm. Asia. From the same.

££ ecaudatus (Linn.) France. From the same.

££ giganteus Temm. Java. From the same.

Meleagris gallopavo Linn. United States. From the same.
££ ££ France. From the same.

Numida meleagris Linn. Africa. From the same.

££ ££ France. From the same.

Tetraogallus caucasicus (Pall.)
Wilson.

)

Asia. Presented by Mr. Edward

IV. Family TETRAONID^E.

Francolinus Le Vaillantii (Valenc). Africa. FromM. Des Murs’ Collection.
“ afer (Lath). Africa. From the same.

££ capensis (Gmel.) Africa. From the same.

££ nudicollis (Gmel.) Africa. From the same.

“ clamator (Temm.) Africa. From the same.

PerdrijC cinerea (Linn.) France. From the same.

Coturnix communis Bonn. France. From the same.

“ “ Africa. From the same.

“ australis (Lath.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection-

“ pectoralis Gould. Australia. From the same.

t£ Diemenensis (Gould.) Australia. From the same.

££ chinensis (Linn.) Java. Presented by Mons. J. Verreaux.
c‘ coromandelica (Gmel.) India. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

Caccabis rufa (Linn.) ' France. From Mons. Des. Murs’ Collection.

«£ “ Spain. From the same.

££ graeca (Briss.) Switzerland. From the same.

££ petrosa (Lath.) France. From the same. •

££ ££ Africa. From the same.

££ CHUKAR (Gray.) India. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

Turnix pugnax (Temm.) Java. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ varius (Lath.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££ velox Gould. Australia. From the same.

££ pyrrhothorax Gould. Australia. From the same.

££ castanotus Gould. Australia. From the same.

££ scintillans (Gould.) Australia. Trom the same.

Odontophorus dentatus (Temm.) Brazil. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.

Ortyx virginianus (Linn.) Pennsylvania. From the same.

££ nigrogularis Gould. Yucatan. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

Callipepla californica (Lath.) California. Presented by A. L. Heermann,

M. D.

Tetrao urogalltjs Linn. Spanish Pyrenees. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collec¬
tion.

“ hybridus Linn. Switzerland. From the same.

££ tetrix Linn. Switzerland. From the same.

££ obscurus Say. Rocky Mountains. From the same.

££ canadensis Linn. Nova Scotia. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

££ phasianellus Linn. Missouri. From the same.

££ cupido Linn. Illinois. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

Bonasa umbellus (Linn.) Pennsylvania. Presented by Mr. S. Ashmead.

££ sylvestris Brehm. Switzerland. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.

Lagopus scoticus (Lath.) Scotland. From the same.

££ albus (Gmel.) Russia. From the same.

££ mutus Leach. Switzerland. From the same. 3

£< islandorum Faber. Iceland. From the same.

Pterocles alchata (Linn.) French Pyrenees. From the same.

££ arenarius (Pall.) Spain. From the same.

££ fasciatus (Scop.) Africa. From the same.

££ exustus Temm. Syria in Asia. From the same.

26

VI. Family TINAMIDiE.

Tinamus tao (Temm.) Brazil. From Mons. Des Murs’ Collection.
£f major (Linn.) Brazil. From the same.

“ vermiculatus (Temm.) Mexico. From the same.

££ cinereus (Gmel.) Brazil. From the same.

££ noctivagus Pr. Max. Brazil. From the same.

“ variegates (Gmel.) Brazil. From the same.

££ undulatus Temm. Peru. From the same.

££ sovi (Gmel.) Brazil. From the same.

££" tatapau Temm. Chili. From the same.

Nothura Boraquira (Spix.) Rio Janiero. From the same.

“ minor (Spix.) Brazil. From the same.

££ nana (Temm.) Paraguay. From the same.

££ maculosa (Temm.) Brazil. From the same.

Rhynchotus rufescens (Temm.) Buenos Ayres. From the same.

6th Order STRUTHIONES.

I. Family STRUTHIONID^E.

Struthio camelus Linn. Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Rhea americana Lath. Brazil. From the same.

£< Darwinii Gould. Brazil. From the same.

Dromaius Nov;e Hollands (Lath.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
Casarius emu Lath. Ind. Archipelago. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
Apteryx australis Shaw. Australia. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

Otis tarda Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ tetrax Linn. France. From the same.

Eupodotis Edwardsii (Gray.) India. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

££ australis (Gray.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££ Denhami (Childr.) Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ caffra (Licht.) Africa. From the same.

££ Ludwigii (Rupp.) Africa. From the same.

££ Vigorsii (A. Smith.) Africa. From the same.

££ undulata (Jacq.) Africa. From the same.

££ aurita (Lath.) Bombay. From the same.

7th Order GRALLyE.

I. Family CHARADRIDiE.

CEdicnemus crepitans Temm. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ ££ Africa. From the same.

££ maculosus Temm. Africa. From the same.

££ bistriatus (Wagl.) From the same.

££ grallarius (Lath.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Esacus magnirostris (Geoff.) Australia. From the same.

Pluvianus ^Egyptius (Linn.) Egypt. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Cursorius coromandelicus (Gmel.) Asia. From the same.

££ bicinctus Temm. Africa. / From the same.

Glareola pratincola (Linn.) France. From the same.

27

Vanellus cristatus Meyer. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

44 44 Laponia. From the same.

“ 64 England. From the same.

44 cayennensis (Gmel.) Paraguay. From the same.

Lobivanellus personata Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Hoplopterus spinosus (Linn.) Asia. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

44 persicus (Bonn.) Africa. From the same.

44 coronates (Bodd.) Africa. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

Charadrius

ee

ee

Sf

ee

ee

ee

ee

ee

ee

ee

ee

ee

ee

pluvialis Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

mortnellus Linn. France. From the same.

vociferus Linn. Maryland. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M.D.

44 Cuba. From M. La Sagra’s Collection.

hiatactla Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
curonicus Beseke. France. From the same.
cantianus Lath. France. From th^e same.
bicinctus Jard. and Selby. Australia. From the same.
rtxfic 4pillus Temm. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
collaris Vieill. Buenos Ayres. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
Wilsonius Ord. N. Jersey. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.
melodus Ord. N. Jersey. From the same.

semipalmatus Kaup. Labrador. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
xanthocheilus Wagl. N. S. Wales. Presented by M. J. Ver-
reaux.

H.ematopus ostralegus Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

44 falliatus Temm. N. Jersey. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M.D.
44 Niger Cuv. Australia. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

44 capensis Licht. Africa. From the same.

44 fuliginostjs Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
44 longirostris Vieill. Australia. From the same.

Cinclus interpres (Linn.) Germany. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

II. Family ARDEIDiE.

Psopiiia crepitans Linn. Amazon River. Presented by Mr. W. H. Edwards.

Grus cinerea Bechst. Germany. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ carunculata (Gmel.) Africa. From the same.

“ antigone (Linn.) Asia. From the same.

{i canadensis (Linn.) Wisconsin. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

“ australiana Gould.' Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Scops virgo (Linn.) Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ paradisea (Licht.) Africa. From the same.

Eurypyga helias (Pall.) Paraguay. From the same.

Ardea cinerea Linn. France. From the same.

“ melanocephala Childr. and Vig. Africa. From the same.

<e herodias Linn. Pennsylvania. From the same.

44 44 Amazon River. Presented by Mr. W. H. Edwards.

“ purpurea Linn. England. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

“ pacifica Lath. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

(t alba Gmel. Europe. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

iC egretta Gmel. N. Jersey. Presented by S. W. Woodhouse, M. D.

44 44 Amazon River. Presented by Mr. W. H. Edwards.

44 44 France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

44 garzetta Linn. France. From the same.

28

Ardea candidissima Gmel. N. Jersey. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

(i rufa Bodd. Florida. Presented by Mr. J. J. Audubon.
t( Pealii Pr. Bonap. Florida. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

<f leucog aster Gmel. Florida. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

(( ccerulea Linn. Florida. From the same.

“ . Novas hollandlk Lath. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

“ jugularis Forst. Australia. From the same.

“ comata Pall. Hungary. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ mi nut a Linn. France. From the same.

<c exilis Gmel. Pennsylvania. Presented by Professor Baird.

<c virescens Linn. Pennsylvania. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ grisea Bodd. Chili. From the same.

“ flavicollis Lath. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

“ picata Gould. Australia. From the same.

<c leucoptera Bodd. Australia. From the same.

“ coromanda Bodd. Europe. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Botaurus stellaris (Linn.) France. From the same.

“ lentiginosus Mont. California. Presented by A. L. Heermann,
M.D.

“ “ Missouri. Presented by G. C. Leib, M. D.

Nycticorax njevius (Bodd.) Florida. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M.D.
te caledonicus (Gmel.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
“ violaceus (Linn.) Florida. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

“ griseus (Linn.) Europe. From the same.

Platalea lpucorodia Linn. Germany. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ ajaja Linn. Amazon River. Presented by Mr. W. H. Edwards.

Ciconia alba Briss. Germany. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ nigra Bechst. Russia. From the same.

Tantalus loculator Linn. Amazon River. Presented by Mr. W. H. Edwards.

Ibis rubra (Linn.) Brazil. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ falcinellus (Linn.) Hungary. From the same.

“ alba (Linn.) Florida. Presented by Mr. J. J. Audubon.

III. Family SCOLOPACID^E.

Numenius arcuatus (Linn.) Germany. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

4< piiiEOPUS (Linn.) Germany. From the same.

Limosa asgocephala (Linn.) England. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

“ lapponica (Linn.) Holland. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Totanus calidris (Linn.) France. From the same.

“ ochropus (Linn.) Savoy. From the same.

« flavipes (Gmel.) Pennsylvania. Presented by Mr. S. Ashmead.

“ semipalm atus (Gmel.) France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ “ N. Jersey. Presented by Mr. John Krider.

<£ chloropygius Vieill. Pennsylvania. Presented by A. L. Heermann,
M.D.

Tringoides hypoleuca (Linn.) France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ macularia (Linn.) Maryland. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M.D.
“ Bartramius (Wils.) Missouri. Presented by Wm. Gambel, M. D.

Recurvirostra avocetta Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

C{ americana Gmel. Rocky Mts. Presented by A. L. Heer¬

mann, M. D.

Himantopus candidus Bonn. N. Africa. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

29

Philomaciius pugnax (Linn.) Germany. From M. Des Mars’ Collection.

Tringa maritima Briin. Iceland. From the same.

“ rufescens Vieill. Labrador. From the same.

“ cinclus Linn. Sweden. From the same.
e< schinzii Brehm. Labrador. From the same.
cc canutus Linn. Iceland. From the same.

Caudris arekaria (Linn.) Norway. From the same.

Gallinago major (Gmel.) Africa. From the same.

“ media Steph. France. From the same.

“ gallinula (Linn.) France. From the same.

“ Wilsonii (Temm.) Nova Scotia. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M.D.
<e undulata (Bodd.) Brazil. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Scolopax rusticola Linn. France. From the same.

Philohela minor (Gmel.) Pennsylvania. From the same.

Rhynch^ea capensis (Linn.) Africa. From the same.

Phaearopus fulicarius (Linn.) Iceland. From the same.

“ hyperboreus (Linn.) Iceland. From the same.

IV. Family PAL AMEDEIDiE.

Para jacana Linn. Brazil. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
Palamedea cornuta Linn. Brazil. From the same.

Chauna chavaria (Linn.) Paraguay. From the same.

V. Family RALLIDyE.

Rallus aquaticus Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

(l virginianus Linn. N. Jersey. Presented by Mr. J. Krider.

“ crepitans Gmel. N. Jersey. From the same.

<l eeegans Aud. S. Carolina. Presented bv T. B. Wilson, M.D.

“ super ci liosijs Swains. Sumatra. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ phieippensis Linn. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

“ pectoralis Cuv. Australia. From the same.

Aramus scolopaceus (Gmel.) Paraguay. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Ortygometra crex (Gmel.) France. From the same.

“ Carolina (Linn.) Massachusetts. Presented by T. B. Wilson,

M.D.

“ porzana (Linn.) France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ jamaicensis (Gmel.) N. Jersey. Presented by Mr. S. Ashmead.

“ affinis G. R. Gray. Australia. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

minuta (Pall.) Spain. From the same.

Aramides gigas (Spix.) Brazil. From the same.

« maculatus (Bodd.) Paraguay. From the same.

“ C/Esius (Spix.) Paraguay. From the same.

<e cayennensis (Gmel.) Cayenne. From the same.

Eulabeornis castaneoventris Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Col¬
lection.

Corethrura rubiginosa (Temm.) Sumatra. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
<c f asci at a (Raffl.) Java. From the same.

“ fusca (Linn.) Sumatra. From the same.

P orphy’rio martinica (Linn.) Louisiana. From the same.

30

Porphyrio melanocephalus (Gmel.) Cayana. From M. Des Murs’ Col
lection.

££ purpureus (Gmel.) Brazil. From the same.

Tribonyx Mortieri Dubus. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££ ventralis (Gould.) Australia. From the same.

Gallinula chloropus (Linn.) France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ pilenicura (Penn.) Java. From the same.

“ crassirostris (Gray.) Brazil. From the same.

££ galeata Pr. Max. Florida. Presented hy J. J. Audubon.

Fulica atra Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ cristata Gmel. Africa. From the same.

“ arm i elat a Yieill. Chili. From the same.

££ gigantea Eyd. et Souley. Peru. From the same.

££ americana Gmel. California. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

8th Order ANSERES.

I. Family ANATIDiE.

Phcenicopterus antiquorum Temm. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
££ ££ Barbary. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

Plectr-opterus gambensis (Linn.) Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
Chenalopex jegyptiacus (Linn.) Egypt. From the same.

Cereopsis nov^e hollandle Lath. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Anser ferus Gesn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ segetum (Gmel.) Norway. From the same.

££ brachyrynchus Baill. Europe. From the same.

££ erythropus (Linn.) Russia. From the same.

££ cygnoides (Linn.) China. From the same.

Bernicla canadensis (Linn.) Missouri. From the same.

Nettapus fulchellus Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Cygnus olor (Gmel.) France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ ££ England. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

££ ferus Ray. Northern Europe. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
££ nigricollis (Gmel.) Chili. From the same.

££ atrata (Lath.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Dendrocygna arcuata (Cuv.) Australia. From the same.

££ ££ JVepaul, India. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

££ viduata (Linn.) S. America. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Tadorna vulpanser Flem. England. From the same.

££ ££ France. From the same.

££ n^vosa (Gould.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Aix sponsa (Linn.) Virginia. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ ££ Cuba. From M. La Sagra’s Collection.

££ galericulata (Linn.) China. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

Mareca penelope (Linn.) Northern Europe. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
Dafila acuta (Linn.) Iceland. From the same.

Anas boschas Linn. France. From the same.

££ ££ Nova Scotia. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

££ ££ California. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

££ superciliosa Gmel. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

31

Anas obscura Gmel. N. Jersey. Presented by Mr. S. Ashmead.

« punctata Burch. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Querquedula crecca (Linn.) Holland. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ Ipecuturi (Vieill.) Rio de la Plata. From the same.

Pterocyanea circia (Linn.) Hungary. From the same.

££ discors (Linn.) Missouri. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

(i cceruleata (Licht.) California. From the same.

Chaulelasmus strepera (Linn.) Holland. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Spatula clypeata (Linn.) Rocky Mts. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M.D.
l£ £‘ Holland. From M. Dee Murs’ Collection.

Cairina moschata (Linn.) Brazil. From the same.

Branta rufina (Pall.) Sicily. From the same.

££ ££ Lucknow. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

Fuligula cristata (Ray.) Iceland. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ marila (Linn.) Iceland. From the same.

Nyroca ferina (Linn.) Saxony. From the same.

££ leucopthalma (Bechst.) Saxony. From the same.

Hybridus N. Yalesneria (Wils.) et Anas boschas Linn. Pennsylvania. Pre¬
sented by Professor Baird.

Clangula glaucion (Linn.) Northern Europe. From M. Des Murs’ Col¬
lection.

££ islandica (Gmel.) Iceland. From the same.

££ histrionic a (Linn.) Iceland. From the same.

Harelda glacialis (Linn.) Sweden. From the same.

Somateria molissima (Linn.) Spitzberg. From the same.

Oidemia nigra (Linn.) Iceland. From the same.

££ velvetina Cassin. Labrador. From the same.

££ perspicillata (Linn.) Labrador. From the same.

Biziura lobata (Shaw.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Erismatura leucocephala (Scops.) Europe. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
££ australis (Gould.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Mergus castor Linn. Norway. From M. Des Murs3 Collection.

££ serrator Ltnn. Sweden; From the same.

££ ££ Bay of Fundy. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

££ cucullatus Linn. Labrador. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

II. Family COLYMBIDJE.

Colymbus glacialis Linn. Northern Europe. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
<£ arcticus Linn. Northern Europe. Presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

££ septentrionalis Linn. Iceland. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Podiceps cristatus (Linn.) Northern Europe. From the same.

££ arcticus Boie. Iceland. From the same.

££ grisegena (Bodd.) Northern Europe. From the same.

££ ££ Africa. From the same.

££ auritus (Linn.) Europe. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

££ minor (Gmel.) Europe. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ cornutus (Gmel.) Germany. From the same.

££ Philippensis (Bonn.) Java. From the same.

££ nov,e HOLLANDiiE Steph. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

PoDlLYMBUS CAROL1NENSIS (Lath.)

M.D.

K (i

Missouri. Presented by A. L. Heermann,
From M. La Sagra’s Collection.

III. Family ALCIDJE.

Alca impennis Linn. Arctic Europe. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
££ torda Linn. Iceland. From the same.

£C “ Labrador. From the same.

Fratercula glacialis (Leach.) Northern Europe. From the same.

“ “ Labrador. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

“ arctica (Linn.) Normandy. From M. Des Murs* Collection.

££ cirrhata (Gmel.) California. Presented by A. L. Heermann,

M.D.

Spheniscus demersus (Linn.) Cape Good Hope. From M. Des Murs’ Col¬
lection.

“ Magellan i cus (Forst.) Cape Good Hope. Presented by Mr. E.

Wilson.

Eudyptes Antarctica (Forst.) Antarctic Ocean. From M. Des Murs’ Col¬
lection.

££ chrysocome (Forst.) S. African Coast. From the same.

££ torquata (Forst.) Antarctic Ocean. From the same.

££ minor (Forst.) S. African Coast. From the same.

le ££ Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Aptenodytes Forsteri G. R. Gray. Southern Ocean. From M. Des Murs’
Collection.

Uria grylle (Linn.) Arctic Europe. From the same.

“ ‘£ Labrador. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

£t ££ California. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

££ Mandtii Licht. Arctic Europe. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ troile (Linn.) N. Europe. From the same.

££ ££ Newfoundland. From the same.

£< Brunichii Sabine. Iceland. From the same.

££ ££ California. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

££ ringvia Briinn. Iceland. From M. Des Murs* Collection.

1Y. Family PROCELL ARID JE.

Puff intis major Faber. Sardinia. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ sphenurus Gould. Australia. From the same.

££ anglorum Ray. England. From the same.

££ obscurus (Gmel.) Europe. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

££ chlororhynchus Less. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££ ca-rnipes Gould. Australia. From the same.

££ brevicaudus Gould. Australia. From the same.

;£ iequinoctialis (Linn.) Island of Bourbon. From M. Des Murs’
Collection.

Thalassidroma pelagica (Linn.) Sardinia. From the same.

(l Leachi (Temm.) France. From the same.

££ ££ Bay of Fundy. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

££ Bulwerii (Jard. and Selby.) Madeira. From the same.

££ Marina (Linn.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Procellaria gigantea Gmel.

lection.

“ glacialis Linn.

<(

££ solandri Gould.

Antarctic Circle. From M. Des Murs’ Col-

Northern Europe. From the same.

Malouine Islands. From the same.

Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

33

Prion vittata (Gmel.) Antarctic Ocean. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

Diomedea exulans Linn. Van Diemen’s Land. From the same.

££ “ S. African Coast. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ cauta Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££ chlororhyncha Gmel. CapeHorn. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
££ fuliginosa Gmel. Gape Horn. From the same.

V. Family LARIDzE.

Stercorarius parasiticus (Briin.) Labrador. From M. Des Murs’ Col¬
lection.

££ cephus (Briin.) England. From the same.

££ catarrua tes (Linn.) Iceland. From the same.

££ ££ Great Britain. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

Rhodostethia Rossi (Sabine.) Arctic Circle. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Larus glaucus Briinn. Spitzberg. From the same.

££ ££ Greenland. From the same.

££ marinus Linn. Europe. From the same.

££ ££ Labrador. From the same.

££ leucopterus Faber. France. From the same.

££ ££ Labrador. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

££ argentatos Briinn. Erance. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

{t ££ Labrador. From the same.

££ occidentalis And. California. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

££ fuscus Linn. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ pacificus Lath. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££ novas hollandias Steph. Australia. From the same.

“ crassirostris Vieill. Van Diemen’s Land. From Mons. Des Murs’
Collection.

££ ichthjEtus Pall. Eastern Europe. From the same.

<c canus Linn. Europe. From the same.

<e zonorhynchus Rich, and Swains. Labrador. Presented by T. B. Wil¬
son, M. D.

££ Audouinii Payr. Poland. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ ridibundus Linn. France. From the same.

“ capistratus Pr. Bonap. Europe. From the same.

(e atricielus Linn. N. Jersey. Presented by Wm. Gambel, M. D.

u i( Europe. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

c< leucopthalmus Licht. Southern France. From the same.
ii gelastes Licht. Southern France. From the same.

<e cirrocephalus Vieill. Buenos Ayres. From the same.

Xema Sabinei Leach. Europe. From the same.

Rissa tridactyla (Lath.) England. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.

“ te Labrador. From the same.

Rhyncops nigra Linn. N. Jersey. Presented by Mr. J. Krider.

<4 melanura Swains. S. America. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

<£ albirostris Licht. Africa. From the same.

Sterna caspia Pall. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ peeicanoides Vig. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££ poliocercus Gould. Australia. From the same.

££ affinis Rupp. Java. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ cayennensis Gmel. Florida. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

££ ‘£ Amazon River. Presented by Mr. W. H. Edwards.

££ anglica Mont. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ ££ New Jersey. Presented by Mr. J. Krider.

5

34

Sterna

u

a

CC

CC

cc

cc

CC

cc

cc

cc

cc

cc

cc

strenuus Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
fuliginosa Gmel. Australia. From the same.

“ Tortugas Islands. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M.D.

p anaya Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.
acutiflavida Cabot. Florida. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.
cantiaca Gmel. France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
hirundo Linn. France. From the same.

££ Africa. From the same.

macroura Naum. Iceland. From the same.

££ N. Jersey. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

Wilsonii Pr. Bonap. N. Jersey. From the same.
taradisea Brim. Europe. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
minuta Linn. France. From the same.

argentea Pr. Max. New Jersey. Presented by Mr. J. Krider.
melanauchen Temm. Timor, Asia. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
speculifera Temm. Paraguay. From the same.
nereis Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

H^drochelidon hybrida (Pall.) France. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.
“ nigra (Linn.) France. From the same.

££ leucoptera (Temm.) Greece. From the same.

Anous stolidus (Linn.) Portugal. From the same.

££ ££ Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££ ££ Tortugas Islands. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M. D.

££ melanops Gould. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££ gracilis Gould. Australia. From the same.

<£ leucocapillus Gould. Australia. From the same.

££ tereticollis (Lafr.) Australia. From the same.

VI. Family PELICANID.E.

PiiffiTON ^thereus Linn. Island of Bourbon. From M. Des Murs’ Col¬
lection.

££ RUBRicAUDA Bodd. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

£C candidus (Briss.) Brazil. From M.’Des Murs’ Collection.

Plotus anhinga Linn. Florida. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M.D.

££ melanogaster Gmel. Brazil. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ congensis Leach. Africa. From the same.

Sula bassana (Linn.) Holland. From the same.

£‘ ££ Labrador. Presented by E. Harris, M. D.

££ capensis Licht. Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ cyanops Sunder. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££ personata Gould. Australia. From the same.

£t piscator (Linn.) Australia. From the same. »

££ fusca Yieill. Australian Coast. From the same.

Graculus carbo (Linn.) Holland. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

££ Sinensis (Shaw.) Antarctic America. From the same.

££ carboides (Gould.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Collection.

££ cristatus (Fabr.) France. From M. Des Murs* Collection.

££ Linn^i Gray. Africa. From the same.

££ Desmarestii (Payr.) Corsica. From the same.

(( dilophus (Yieill.) Labrador. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M. D.
te floridianus (Aud.) Florida. Presented by A. L. Heermann,
M. D,.

35

Graculus Townsendii (Aud.) California. Presented by A. L. Heermann,
M.D.

{e violaceus (Gmel.) California. From the same.

(( Gaimardii (Garn.) Chili. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ letjcog aster (Gould.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Col¬

lection.

(i PYGMiEus (Pall.) Europe. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

“ melanoleucus (Vieill.) Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Col¬
lection.

ei africanus (Gmel.) Afriaa. Presented by T. B. Wilson, M.D.

Pelecanus onocrotalus (Linn.) Africa. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

<c conspicillatus Temm. Australia. From Mr. J. Gould’s Col¬
lection.

Si fuscus Linn. Florida. Presented by A. L. Heermann, M.D.

il “ Texas. From M. Des Murs’ Collection.

Atagen aquila (Linn.) Island of Ascension. From the same.

The foregoing catalogue of birds’ eggs embraces 1323 determined species of
493 genera. Of these, 835 species, derived from all parts of the world, formed
the celebrated and valuable collection of Mons. O. Des Murs, of Paris. The
Australian species, numbering 246, accompanied the splendid collection of birds
from that country, made by the distinguished ornithologist Mr. John Gould, of
London, and which is now in the Museum of the Academy. The Cuba species
belonged to the collection of the well known naturalist M. Ramon de la Sagra,
and were presented by Mr. E. Wilson.

The whole of the two first collections were purchased by Dr. T. B. Wilson,
and, with his usual liberality, presented to the Academy. The remainder con¬
sists of species presented by several individuals whose names are attached to
their donations throughout the catalogue. Of undetermined eggs in the collec¬
tions of M. Des Murs and Mr. Gould, there are 197 species.

CORRECTIONS.

Page 4. For leucostemus read leucosternus.

Page 11. Add Laturence after Conirostum ornatum.

INDEX FAMILIARUM.

AlCEDINIDE

'

Page.

. 6

Meropide

Alcide

32

Muscicapide

Ampelide

14

Musophagide

Ana.tid.e .

30

Ardeide .

27

Palamedeide

Pelicanide

Caprimulgide

5

Phasianide

CeRTHIDE .

8

PlCIDE

Charadride

26

Procellaride

CoLIDE

20

Promeropide

CoLUMBIDE

22

PsiTTACIDE

CoLYMBIDE

31

CoRACIDE

6

Rallide .

CoRVIDE .

15

Cracide .

24

ScOLOPACIPE

CuCULIDE

22

Strigide .

Struthionide

FaLCONIDE

3

Sturnide

Fringilljde

17

Tetraonide

Hirundinide

6

Tin amide

TrOCH ILIDE

LaNIIDE .

15

T URDIDE .

Laride

33

Luscinide

9

Upupide .

Megapodide

.

.

24

VlJLTURIDE

Meliphagide

.

.

.

7

CATALOGUE

OF THE-

HIRUNDINIDJE

IN THE COLLECTION OF

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF PHILADELPHIA.

BY

JOHN CASS IN-

July 1, 1853.

Family HIRUNDINID.E.

I. Subfamily II IR UNDININjE.

1. Genus HIRUNDO, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 343, (1766.)

1. Hirundo kustica, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 343, (1766.) Gould ,

B. of Bur. ii. pi. 54.

Hirundo doniestica, Auct. Antiq. et Pallas Zoog. i. p. 528.
Oecropis rustica et pagorum, Brehm. Yog. Deut. i. p 137, 138.

“ Hirundo albifrons, Rupp. Mus. Francof.” Bonap. Consp. Av.
p. 338.

1, 2, 3, 4. Adult males, England. Presented by Edward Wil¬
son, Esq.

5. Female, England. Presented by the same.

6. Adult male, Switzerland. Presented by A. L. Heer-

man, M. D.

7. Adult, France, from the Rivoli collection.

8, 9, Albinoes, France, from the same.

10. Nearly adult, India, fr m Capt. Boys’ collection.

11. Adult, Japan. Presented by Lieut. Edward Brinley, Jr.,

U. S. Navy.

2. Hirundo domicola, Jerdon. Madras Journal f

Hirundo dimidiata, Sundeval. Ofversigt Kongl. Jihad., April,
1850 ?

Hirundo rusticoides. Catalogue of Rivoli collection , p. 18.
u Hirundo rusticoides, Cuv.” Label on specimens in Rivoli collec¬
tion.

11 Hirundo rusticoides, Kuhl.” Boie in Isis, 1841, p. 174?

1. Nearly adult, Java, from the Rivoli collection.

2. Younger, Java, from the same.

3. This species? Abyssinia, from the Rivoli collection.

3. Hirundo gutturalis, Scopoli. Flor. et Faun. Insub. pt. ii. p.

96, (1786,) PL Col . 83, fig. 2.

Hirundo panayana, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1018, (1788.)

Hirundo javanica, Sparrman. Mus. Carls, pi. 100. (1789.)
Hirundo jewnn, Sykes. Proc. Zool. Soc., London , 1832, pt. ii. p.83.
“ Hirundo rustica, Linn.” Meyen Nova Acta. xvi. Suppl. p, 72,
pi. 10, fig. 1.

u Hirundo rusticoides, Kuhl.” Bonap. Cons. Av. p. 338.

1. Adult m?de, Java, from the Rivoli collection.

2. Adult, Java, from the same.

4. Hirundo Riocourii, Audouin. Desc. de V Egypt i. pt. iv. p. 270,

Ois. pi. 4 fig. 4, (1809.)

Hirundo Savignii, Stephens. Gen. Zool. x. p. 90, (1817.)

Hirundo cahirica, Licht. Verz. p. 58, (1823.) Werner, Adas Ois.
d' Eur. pi. 32.

Hirundo Boissoneauii, Temm. Man. pt. iv. p. 652.

Hirundo casfcanea, Less. Traite, i. p. 268.

1. Adult, Africa, from the Rivoli collection.

2, 3. Nearly adult, Africa, from the same.

4. Adult, Monrovia, Western Africa, from Mr. Cassin’s
collection.

5. Hirundo rufa, Gm, Syst. Nat. i. p. 1018. And. B. of Am. pi. 173.

Hirundo americana, Wilson. Am. Orn. v. p. 34, pi. 38, fig. 1, 2.
“Hirundo rustica, Linn.” Aud. Orn. Biog. ii. p. 413.

Hirundo erythrogaster, Bodd. Tab. PI. End. p. 45 ? Buff. PI. Enl.
724, fig. 1 ?

Hirundo cyanopyrrha, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 510 ?

Hirundo horreorum, Barton. Fragments Nat. Hist. Penna. p. 17,
(1799.)

1. Adult male, Pennsylvania, from Mr. Krider’s collection.

2. Adult female, Pennsylvania. Presented by George C.

Leib, M. D.

3. Young, Pennsylvania, from Mr. Krider’s collection.

4, 5. Albinoes, Pennsylvania, from the same.

6. Adult male, North America, from the Rivoli collection.

7. Adult male, Bolivia, from the same.

8, 9. Adults, Cayenne, from the same.

10. Adult, Para, Brazil, from the same.

6. Hirundo frontalis, Qioy et Gaim. Voy. de VAstr. pi. 12, fig. 1.

(1833.)

Hirundo neoxena, Gould. Proc. Zool. Soc. London , 1842, p. 131.
B. of Aust. ii. pi. 13.

“ Hirundo javanica, Sparm.” Ilorsf. and Vig. Trans . Linn. Soc.
London , xv. p. 191.

Hirundo pacifica, Lalli. Ind. Orn. Supp. p. 58 ?

“ Hirundo frontalis, Quoy et Gaim. nec Say.” Bonap. Consp . Av.
p. 338 (uhi Say ?)

1, 2. Adult males, Australia, from Mr Gould’s collection.

3. Adult male, Van Diemen’s land, from the same.

4. Adult female, Van Diemen’s land, from the same.

7. Hirundo albigularis, Strickland. Jard. Cont. 1849, pi. 15.

“ Hirundo rufifrons, Vieill.” Less. Traite , i. p. 248.

“ Hirundo rufifrons, Less, nec Shaw nec Vieill.” Bonap. Cons.
Av. p. 338.

1, 2. Adults, South Africa, from the Rivoli collection.

8. Hirundo scapularis, Cassin. Proc. Acad. Philada. v. pi. 12, fig. 1.

1. Adult, Southern Africa, from the Rivoli collection.

9. Hirundo nigrita, G. R. Gray. Gen. of Birds , pi. 20.

1. Adult, Asliantee country, from M. Verreaux’s collection.

2. Adult, Western Africa, from Mr. Cassin’s collection.

10. Hirundo ruficeps, Licht. Verz. p. 58, (1823.) Lath. Gen. Hist.

vii. pi. 113.

Hirundo filifera, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiii. pi. ii. p. 78, (1826.)
Hirundo filicaudata, Franklin. Froc. Zool. Soc. London , 1831,
p. 115.

Hirundo indica, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1025. Lath. Gen. Hist. vii.
pi. 111?

1. Adult male, India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.

2. Adult female, India, from the same.

3. Adult male, India.

4. Adult female, India.

5. Adult, Madras, from the Rivoli collection.

6, 7. Nearly adult, Abyssinia, from the same.

8, 9. Young? Abyssinia, from the same.

2. Genus CECROPIS, Boie. Isis, 1826, p. 971.

1. Cecropis senegalensis, (Linn.) Swains . B. of W. Af. ii. pi. 6.

Hirundo senegalensis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 345.

“ Hirundo rufula, Temm.” Gould. B. of Eur. ii. pi. 55.

“ Hirundo russata ?” Label on specimen from Europe .

1, 2. Adults, Senegal, from the Bivoli collection.

3. Adult, Abyssinia.

2. Cecropis cucullata, (Bodd.) Le Vaill. Ois. d' Af. pi. 245, fig. I

Hirundo cucullata, Bodd. Tab. PL Enl. p. 45. Buff. PI. Enl.
723, fig. 2.

Hirundo capensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1019.

1. Adult male, Cape of Good Hope, from the Rivoli collec¬

tion.

2. Younger, Cape of Good Hope, from the same.

3. Very young, Cape of Good Hope, from the same.

3. Cecropis abyssinica, (Guerin.) Ferr. and Gall. Voy. Abys. Ois.

pi. 10.

Hirundo abyssinica, Guerin. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 322.

Cecropis striolata, Rupp. Syst. Uebers. p. 18, pi. 6.

<£ Hirundo puella.” Label on specimens received from M. Ver-
reaux, Paris.

1. Adult male, Port Natal.

2. Adult female, Ashantee country, from M. Yerreaux’s

collection.

4. Cecropis striolata, Temm. Schlegel , Rev. Crit. p. 42. Faun.

Japon. Aves , p. 33.

1, 2. Adults, Java, from the Rivoli collection.

5. Cecropis japonica, Bonap. Consp. Av. p 340.

Hirundo alpestris japonica, Tamm, and Schl. Faun. Japon. Aves ,
p, 33, pi. 11.

1. Adult male, China.

6. Cecropis daurica, (Linr.)

“ Hirundo daurica, Linn. Mantiss. p. 528.” Gm. Syst. JVat. i.
p. 1024.

Hirundo erythropygia , Sykes. Proc. Zool. Soc. London , 1832, p. 83.
Hirundo nipalensis, Ilodg. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. v. p. 780, (1836.)
1, 2. Adults, India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.

7. Cecropis rufula, (Teram.) Werner’s Adas, Ois. d’Eur. pi. 27.

1. Adult, Ural mountains.

8. Cecropis badia, Cassin. Proc. Acad. Philada. June 1853.

1, 2. Adults, Malacca.

3. Genus PETROCHELIDON, Cabanis. Cat. Heine’s coll. p. 47.

1. PETROCHELIDON lunifrons, (Say.) Aud. B. of Am. pi. 68.

Hirundo lunifrons, Say. Long’s Exp. to Rocky Mts. p. 47. Bo¬
nap. Am. Orn. i. pi. 7, fig. 1.

11 Hirundo fulva, Vieill.” Bonap. Am. Orn. i. p. 63. Aud. Orn.
Biog. v. p. 415.

u Hirundo melanogaster, Swainson ?” Aud. Orn. Biog. v. p. 416.
Hirundo respublicana, Aud. Ann. N. Y. Lyceum , i. p. 164, (1824.)
Hirundo opifex, Clinton. Ann. N. Y. Lyceum, i. p. 161.

1. Adult, Fort Union. Presented by Mr. Edward Harris.

2. Adult, Columbia river, from Dr. Townsend’s collection.
3, 4. Adults, near Philadelphia, from Mr. Krider’s collection.
5, 6. Adults, Mexico from the Rivoli collection.

2. PETROCHELIDON FULYA, (Vieill.)

H irundo fulva, Vieill. Ois. d' Am. Sept, p 62, pi. 32.

Hirundo paeciloma, Gosse . B. of Jamaica, p. 64.

1. Adult, Jamaica. Presented by C. W. Pennock, M. D.

3. Petrochelidon bicolor, (Vieill.) Aud. B. of Am. pi. 98.

Hirundo bicolor, Vieill. Ois. d Am. Sept. p. 61, pi. 31.

Hirundo viridis, Wilson. Am. Orn. v. p. 44, pi. 38, fig. 3.
Hirundo leucogaster, Stephens. Gen. Zoo. x. p. 106.

1. Adult male, Pennsylvania, from Mr. Krider’s collection.

2. Adult male, Pennsylvania. Presented by Mr. Penrose.

3. Adult female, North America, from the Rivoli collection.

4. Adult, California, from Mr. Bell’s collection.

5. Adult, Bolivia.

4. Petrochelidon thalassina, (Sw.) Aud. B. of Am. pi. 385,

fig. 4, 5.

Hirundo thalassina, Swains. Philos. Mag. 1827, p. 366.

“ Hirundo viridis ? Licht.” Bonap. Consp. Av. p. 341.

“Hirundo sericea.” Label on specimens from Messrs. Verreaux , oj
Paris.

1. Adult male, Oregon, from Dr. Townsend’s collection.

2. Adult female, Oregon, from the same.

3. Adult male, California, from Dr. Gambel’s collection.

4. Adult, Mexico, from the Rivoli collection.

5, 6. Adults, Mexico.

5. Petrochelidon" albiventer, (Bodd.) Buff. PI. Enl. 546, fig. 2.

Hirundo albiventer, Bodd. Tab. PI. Enl. p. 32.

Hirundo leucoptera, Gm. Syst. Mat. i. p. 1022.

1. Adult, Surinam. Presented by C. Ilering, M. D.

2. Adult, Cayenne, from the Rivoli collection.

3. Adult, Brazil, from the same.

4. Adult, Bolivia, from the same.

6. Petrochelidon leucorrhoa, (Vieill.)

Hirundo leucorrhoa, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 519.

Hirundo frontalis, Gould. Voy. Beagle , Birds , p. 40.

Hirundo Gouldii, Cassin. Proceed. Acad. Phil., v. p. 69.

“ Hirundo leucopyga, Licht. Mus. Berol.” Cabanis. Cat. Heine's
Coll. p. 48.

1, 2. Adults, South America, from the Rivoli Collection.

7. Petrochelidon Meyeni, Cabanis. Cat. Heine's Coil. p. 48. Nova

Acta Leop. xvi. Sup. pi. 10, fig. 2.

“ Hirundo leucopyga, Licht.” Meyen, Nova Acta , ut sup.

1. Adult, Chili, from Dr. Townsend’s collection.

2. Young, South America, from the Rivoli collection.

8. Petrochelidon tahitica, (Gm.) Lath . Gen. Hist. pi. 112.

Hirundo tahitica, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1016.

Hirundo pyrrholaima, Forst. Desc. An. p. 241, (1844.)

Hirundo taitensis, Lesson. Voy. Coquille , i. p. 648.

1. Adult, Tahiti, from Dr. Townsend’s collection.

2. Adult, Sandwich Islands, from the Rivoli collection.

9. Petrochelidon nigricans, (Vieill.) Gould , B.ofAust. ii. pi. 14.

Hirundo nigricans, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 523.

“ Hirundo pyrrhonota, Lath. MSS.” Vig. and Horsf. Linn.
Trans. London , xv. p. 190.

Collocalia arborea. Gould. Birds of Aust. ii. p. lntrod. p. 29.
“ Hirundo pygialis, Ternm.’5 Bonap. Cons. Av. p. 341.

1, 2. Adult males, Australia, from Mr. Gould’s collection.

3. Adult female, Australia, from the same.

4. Adult male, Van Diemen’s Land, from the same.

5. Adult, Australia, from the Rivoli collection.

10. Petrochelidon Ariel, (Gould.) B. of Aust. ii. pi. 15.

Collocalia Ariel, Gould. Proc . Zool. Soc. London , 1842, p. 132.

1, 2. Adult males, Australia, from Mr. Gould’s collection.

3. Adult female, Australia, from the same.

4. Adult, Australia, from the Rivoli collection.

11. Petrochelidon cyanoleuca, (Vieill.) PL col. 209, fig. 1.
Hirundo cyanoleuca, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 509.

Hirundo minuta, De Wied. Beitr. ii. p. 369.

Hirundo melampyga, Licht. Verz. p. 57.

Hirundo melanoleuca, De Wied. Beitr. p. 371?

1, 2, 3. Adults, Brazil, from the Rivoli collection.

4, 5. Younger, Brazil, from the same.

6, 7. Adults, South America.

8, 9, 10. H. melanoleuca? South America.

12. Petrochelidon murina, Cassin. Proc. Acad. Phil. June , 1853.

1. Adult, Ecuador. Presented by Edward Wilson, Esq.

13. Petrochelidon tibialis, Cassin. Proc. Acad. Phil. June, 1853.

1. Adult, South America, from the Rivoli collection.

2. Young? Brazil, from the same.

4. Genus CHELIDON, Boie. Isis, 1822, p. 550.

1. Chelidon urbica, (Linn.) Gould , B. of Eur. ii. pi. 57. Selby,

111. pi. 42, fig. 2.

Hirundo urbica, Dinn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 344.

Hirundo lagopoda, Pallas. Zong . i. p. 532.

Chelidon rupestris et fenestrarum, Brehm. Vog. Dents, i. p. 140.

1, 2. Adults, Europe, frem the Rivoli collection.

5. Genus ATTICORA, Boie. Isis, 1849, p. 172.

1. Atticora leucosternon, (Gould.) B. of Aust. ii. pi. 12.

Hirundo leucosternus, Gould. Proc. Zool. Soc. Bond. 1840, p. 172.
1. Adult male, Swan River, Australia.

2, 3, 4. Adult males, Australia, from Mr. Gould’s collection.

5. Adult female, Australia, from the same.

2. Atticora holomelas, (Sund.) Proc. Acad. Phil. v. pi. 12, fig. 2.

Hirundo holomelas, Sundeval. Ofversigt Kongl. Alcad. (April,
1850.)

Atticora hamigera, Cassin. Proc. Acad. Phil.v. p. 57, (June, 1850.)
Psalidoproene cypselina, Cabanis. Cat. Heine , p. 48, (1852.)

1. Adult, Port Natal.

2. Adult female, Cape of Good Hope.

3, 4. Adults, Cape of Good Hope, from the Rivoli collection.

3. Atticora melbina, Verreaux. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1851, p. 310,

(Paris.)

1. Adult, Gaboon, Africa, from Mr. Yerreaux’ collection.

4. Atticora fasciata, (Gm.) Swains. Zool. 111. i. pi. IT.

Hirundo fasciata, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1022. PI. enl. 724, fig. 2.
1, 2, 3. Adults, South America, from the Rivoli collection.

1. Adult, Cayenne.

II. Subfamily CYPSELINJS.

1. Genus CYPSELUS, Illiger. Prod. p. 229, (1811.)

1. Cypselus melba, (Linn.) Gould, B. of Eur. ii. pi. 53.

Hirundo Melba, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 345.

Hirundo alpina, Scop. Annus, i. p. 166.

Hirundo gularis, Steph. Gen. Zool. x. p. 99 ?

Cypselus gutturalis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xix. p. 422 ?

1, 2. Adults, Europe, from the Rivoli collection.

3. Younger, Europe, from the same.

4. Adult, India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.

2. Cypselus ^equatorialis, Muller. Naumannia, pt. 4, p. 27, (1851.)

“ Cypselus fuliginosus, Verr. MSS.” Label on Spec, in Acad. coll.
1. Adult, Abyssinia, from Mr. Verreaux’ collection.

3. Cypselus apus, (Linn.) Gould , B. of Eur. ii. pi. 53. Selby's III.

pl..j4/ , fig. 4.

Hirundo apus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 344.

Cypselus vulgaris, Steph. Gen. Zool . x. p. 72.

Cypselus murarius, Temm. Man. i. p. 434.

1. Adult, France. Presented by R. Harlan, M. D.

2. Adult, France, from the Rivoli collection.

3. Adult male, Cape of Good Hope.

4. Adult female, Cape of Good Hope.

4. Cypselus gaffer, Licht. Verz. p. 58, (1823.) Temm. PI. col.

460, fig. 1.

Cypselus pygargus, Temm. PI. col. iv. p. (Liv. 77, about 1828.)
“Cypselus leucothea, Smith?” Label on Spec. from Paris.

1, 2. Adults, Cape of Good Hope, from the Rivoli collection.

3. Adult, Cape of Good Hope.

5. Cypselus affinis, Gray. 111. hid. Zool. pi. 35, fig. 2.

Cypselus nipalensis, Hodg. Jour. Ac. Soc. Bengal, 1836, p. 780.
“Cypselus montanus, Jerdon.” Gray. Gen. App. p. 4.

1. Adult, India, from the Rivoli collection.

2. Adult, India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.

3, 4. Adults, Africa ?

6. Cypselus leucopygialis, Cassin. Proc. Acad. Phil. v. p. 58, pi.

13, fig. 1.

1. Adult, Sumatra.

7. Cypselus unicolor, Jard. Journ. Nat. and Geog. Science, Edin¬

burg, i. p. 242. Jard. and Selby 111. ii. pi. 83.

1,2. Adults, Madagascar ? from the Rivoli collection.

8. Cypselus ambrosiacus, (Gm.) Temm . PI. Col. 460, fig. 2.

Hirundo ambrosiaca, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1021.

“Hirundo americana, Lath, nec Wils. fide Temm.” Streubely Isis,
1848, p. 356.

1, 2. Adults, Fazogloa, Eastern Africa, from the Rivoli col¬
lection.

9. Cypselus balassiensis, Gray. Griff. Cuv. vii. p. 60, (1829.)

Cypselus palmarum, Gray. 111. lnd. Zool. pi. 35 fig. 1, (1832.)

1. Adult, India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.

10. Cypselus parvus, Licht. Verz. p. 58 ?

1. Adult, Western Africa, from Mr. Cassin’s collection.

2. Adult, Congo river. Presented by A. A. Henderson,

M. D., U. S. Navy.

3. Younger? Madagascar, from the Rivoli collection.

11. Cypselus australis, Gould. B. of Amt. ii. pi. 11.

Cypselus vittatus, Jard. and Selby. 111. Orn. n. s. pi. 39 ?
Hirundo pacifica, Lath. Ind. Orn. Supp. p. 58 ?

1. Adult male, Australia, from Mr. Gould’s collection.

2. Adult female, Australia, from the same.

12. Cypselus cayennensis, (Gm.) Bvff. PI. Enl. 725, fig. 2.
Hirundo cayennensis, Gm. Syst . Nat. i. p. 1024.

1. Adult, Brazil, from the Rivoli collection.

2. Adult, Brazil.

13. Cypselus squamatus, Cassin. Proc. Acad. Philada. June, 1853.

1. Adult, Guiana. Presented by H. G. Dalton, M. D.

2. Adult, Cayenne.

3. Younger, South America.

2. Genus ACANTHYLIS, Boie. Isis, 1826, p. 971.

1. Acanthylis pelasgia, (Linn.) Wilson , Am. Orn. pi. 39, fig. 1.

Hirundo pelasgia, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 345.

Hirundo cerdo, Bartram. Trav. p. 292, (1791.)

“ Cypselus acutus, Temm. Mus. Lugd.” Bonap. Cons. Av. p. 64,
(PI. col. vi. p. 78.)

1. Adult male, Philadelphia. Presented by J. K. Town"

send, M. D.

2. Adult female, Carlisle, Penna. Presented by Prof. S. F.

Baird.

3. Adult, North America, from the Rivoli collection.

2. Acanthylis Vauxii, (Townsend.)

Cypselus Vauxii, Townsend. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada.
viii. p. 148, (1839.)

1. Adult, Oregon, from Dr. Townsend’s collection.

3. Acanthylis brunneitorques, (Lafres.)

Chaetura brunneitorques, Lafresnaye. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 81.
Chaetura ruficollis, Johnson. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. viii. p.
351, (184 )?

Ilirundo Robiui. Less. Traiti i. p. 270 ? (1831.)

1. Adult, Columbia. Presented by Edward Wilson, Esq.

1. Adult, Columbia, from the Rivoli collection.

4. Acanthylis spinicauda, (Temm.) PI. Enl. 726, fig. 1.

Cypselus spinicaudus, Tern. Pl. Col. vi. p. 78.

1. Adult male, Cayenne.

2. Adult female, Cayenne.

3. Young female, Cayenne,

4, 5. Adults, Cayenne, from the Rivoli collection.

6. This species? Guiana. Presented by Henry G. Dal¬
ton, M. D.

5. Acanthylis cinereocauda, Cassin. Proc. Acad. Philada. y. p.

58, pl. 13, fig. 2, (1850.)

Ilirundo poliourus, Temm. Pl. Col. vi. p. 78. Pl. Enl. 126, fig. 2 ?

1. Adult, South America, from the Rivoli collection.

2. Adult, South America.

6. Acanthylis coracinus, (Bonap.)

11 Cypselus coracinus, Mull. Mus. Lugd.” Bonap. Consp. Av. p. 64.

1. Adult male, Sumatra.

2. Adult female, Sumatra.

7. Acanthylis nudipes, (Hodg.) De Lessert , Voy . India, Ois. pl. 9.

Chaetura nudipes, Hodgson. Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1836, p. 779.
Cypselus leuconotus, De Lessert. Guerin's Mag. 1840 p. pl. 20.
1. Adult, India, from the Rivoli collection.

8. Acanthylis caudacuta, (Lath.) Gould , B. of Aust. ii. pl. 10.

Ilirundo caudacuta, Lath. Ind. Orn. Supp. p. 57.

Ilirundo fusc-a, Steph. Gen. Zool. x. p. 133?

Chaetura australis, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiii. p. 76.

Chaetura macroptera, Swains. Zool. III. n. s. pl. 42.

1,2. Adults, Australia, from Mr. Gould’s collection.

3. Adult female, Australia.

9. Acanthylis zonaris, (Shaw.) Temm. Pl. Col. 195.

Hirundo zonaris, Shaw. Cim. Phys. pl. 55, (1796.)

Hirundo albicollis, Viei.ll. Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 524, (1817.)
Ilirundo collaris, De Wied. Reise Bras. i. p. 75.
u Cypselus torquatus, Lie-lit.” Bonap. Consp. Av. p. 64.

Cypselus senex, Temm. Pl. Col. 397 ?

1, 2. Adults, Brazil, from the Rivoli collection*

3. Adult male, Brazil.

4. Adult female, Brazil.

III. Subfamily PR0GNIN2E.
t. Genus PROGNE, Boie. Isis, 1826, p. 971.

1. Progne purpurea, (Linn.) And. B. of Am. pi. 22.

Hirundo purpurea et subis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 344.

Hirundo violacea, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1026.

Hirundo cserulea, Vieill. Ois. d' Am. Sept. i. p. 57, pi. 26, 27.
Hirundo versicolor, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 509.

Hirundo ludoviciana, Cnv. Reg. An. i. p. 374, (1817.)

1. Adult male, Philadelphia. Presented by Thos. Mc-

Euen, M. D.

2. Adult female, Washington. Presented by J. K. Town¬

send, M. D.

3. Young male, Washington. Presented by the same.

4. Adult male, North America, from the Rivoli collection.

5. Adult male, S >uth America, from the same.

C. Young male, South America, from the same.

2. Progne dominicensis, (Gm.) Vieill. Ois. d’Am. Sept. pi. 28, 29.

Hirundo dominieensis, Gm Syst . Nat. i. p. 1025.

Hirundo albiventris, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 533.

Hirundo domestica, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 520.

1. Adult, St. i Domingo, from the Rivoli collection.

2. Adult, Brazil, from the same.

3. Adult, Cayenne, from the same.

4. Younger, Cayenne, from the same.

5, 6, 7, South America, from the same.

8. Nearly adult, Surinam. Presented by C. Hering, M. D.

3. Progne chalybea, (Gm.) Buff. PI. Enl. 545, fg. 2.

Hirundo chalybea, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1026.

1. Adult male, Panama, from Mr. Bell’s collection.

2, 3. Adult females, Panama, from the same.

4. Progne fusca, (Vieill.)

Ilirundo fusca, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 510.

1 . Adult ? Brazil.

2, 3, 4. Adults? South America, from the Rivoli collection.

5. Progne tapera, (Linn.)

Hirundo tapera, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 345.

Hirundo pascuum, De Wied. Beitr. iii. p. 360.

1. Adult ? Bolivia.

2, 3. Adults? South America, from the Rivoli collection.

6. Progne borbonica, (Gm.) Buff. PI. Enl. 544, fig. 2.

Hirundo borbonica, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1017.

1. ‘Adult male, Madagascar, from the Rivoli collection.

2. Female? Madagascar, from the same.

IV. Subfamily C0TYL1N JE.

1. Genus COTYLE, Boie. Isis, 1822, p. 350.

1. Cotyle riparia, (Linn.) Gould , B. of Fur. ii. pi. 58. Aud. B. of

Am. pi. 385.

Hirundo riparia, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 344.

“ Hirundo cinerea, Lath.” Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 526.

Cotyle fluviatilis et microrhynchos, Brehm. Vog. Dents, i. p.
142, 143.

Cotyle minor, Cabanis. Cat. Heine's Coll. p. 49 ?

1, 2. Adults, Europe, from the Rivoli collection.

3. Adults, France. Presented by A. L. Heercrann, M. D.

4. Adults, New Jersey, from Mr. Krider’s collection.

5. Adults, New Jersey, from the same.
t>. Adults, Pennsylvania.

7. C. minor, Cab. ? Abyssinia, from the Rivoli collection.

2. Cotyle serripennis, (Aud.) B. of Amer. pi. 385.

Hirundo serripennis, Audubon. Orn. Biog. iv. p. 593.

1. Adult male, Pennsylvania. Presented by J. K. Town¬

send, M. D.

2. Adult male, Carlisle, Pcnna. Presented by Prof. S. F.

Baird.

3. Adult female, Carlisle, Penna. Presented by the same.

3. Cotyle palustris, (Steph.) Le Vaill. Ois. d'Af. pi. 246, f. 2.

Hirundo palustris, Stephens. Gen. Zool. x. p. 1 01, (1817.)
Hirundo paludicola, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 511, (1817.)

“ Cotyle bita, Mus. Par.” Boie. Isis , 1844, p. 170 ?

Cotyle paludibula, Rupp. Syst. Uebers. p. 22.

1, 2, 3. Adults, Cape of Good Hope, from the Rivoli collection.

4. Younger, Cape of Good Hope, from the same.

5. Adult, Africa, from the same.

4. Cotyle flavigastra, (Vieill.) PL col. 161, fig. 2.

Hirundo flavigastra, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 534, (1817.)
Hirundo hortensis, Liclit. Verz. p. 57, (1823.)

Hirundo jugularis, De Wied. Beitr. iii. p. 3G5.

1. Adult, Surinam. Presented by C. Hering, M. D.

2, 3, 4. Adults, Brazil, from the Rivoli collection.

5. Cotyle ruficollis, (Vieill.)

Hirundo ruficollis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xiv. p. 523.

1. Adult ? South America.

6. Cotyle fucata, (Temm.) PI. col. 161, fig. 1.

H i undo fucata, Temm. PL col., iv. (liv. 27.)

Hirundo phenicephala, Rafinesque. Annals of Nature, 1820, p. 4?
1, 2. Adults, South America, from the Rivoli collection.

7. Cotyle rupestris, (Scop.) Gould, B. of Eur. ii. pi. 56.

Hirundo rupestris, Scopoli. Ann. i. p. 167.

Hirundo montana, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1020..

Hirundo rupicola, Hodgs. Jour. As. Soc. Bengal , 1836, p. 781.
Hirundo inornata, Jerdon. Madras Jour. 1841, p. 201.

1, 2. Adults, France, from the Rivoli collection.

3. Adult, India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.

$. Cotyle fultgula, (Licht.) Le Vaill. Ois. d'Jlf pi. 246, fig. 1.
Hirundo fuligula, Licht. Forst. Besc. An. p. 55;

“ Hirundo rupestris.’’ Temm. Man. p. 431.

“Hirundo fulva, Mus. Lugd.” Bonap. Cons. Av. p. 342.

“ Hirundo torquata, Gm.’’ Boie. Isis, 1828, p. 316.

Hirundo rufogularis, Catalogue of the Rivoli collection, p. 18.

1. Adult, Cape of Good Hope, fr >m the Rivoli collection.

2. This species? Angola. Presented by A. A. Henderson,

M. D., U. S. Navy.

0. Cotyle cincta, (Bodd.) Buff. PI. Enl. 723, fisr. 1.

Hirundo cincta, Bodd. Tabl. dez PI. Enl. d'Aub. p. 45.

Hirundo torquata, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1022.

1. Adult, Cape of Good Hope, from the Rivoli collection.

10. Cotyle concolor, (Sykes.)

Hirundo concolor, Sykes. Proc. Zool. Soc. London , 1832, p. 83.
1. Adult, India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.

11. Cotyle sinensis, (Gray.)

Hirundo sinensis, Gray. III. Ind. Zool. pi. 35, fig. 3, (not Gm .)
Hirundo brevicaudata, McGlell. and Ilorsf. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon¬
don , 1839, p. 15b.

Hirundo subsoccata et minuta, Hodgs. Gray , Zool. Mis. p. 82 ,fide
Gray , Cat. Brit. Mus. Fissirostres , p. 30.

Adult, India, from the Rivoli collection.

2. Genus COLLOCAL1A, G. R. Gray. List Gen. of Birds, p. 8, (1840.)

1. Collocalia esculenta, (Linn.)

Hirundo esculenta, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 343.

Hemiprocne salangana, Streuhcl. Isis , 1848, p. 368 ?

1, 2. Adults, Timor, from the Rivoli collection.

3. Adults, Philippines? from the same.

4. Adult, Timor.

2. Collocalia fucipiiacia, (Thunb.) Lath. Gen. Sun. Supp. ii.

pi. 135.

Hirundo fuciphaga, Thunburg. Acta Holm, xxxiii. p. 151.
“Hirundo esculenta, Linn.” Lath. hid. Orn. ii. p. 580.

“ Hirundo nidifica, Lath.” Bonap. Cons. Av. p. 343.

Hemiprocne fucivora, Streubcl. Isis, 1848, p. 369.

1. Adult, Java, from the Rivoli collection.

2. Adult, Sumatra, from the same.

3, 4. Adults, from the Rivoli collection.

S. COLLOCALIA FRANCICA, (Gm.)

Hirundo franeica, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1017.

Macropteryx spodiopygius, Peale. Voy Vincennes , Birds, p. 176.
1, 2. Adults, from the Rivoli collection.

4. COLLOCALIA CINEREA, (Gm.)

Hirundo cinerea, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 1026.

Macropteryx leucophaeus, Peale. Voy. Vincennes , Birds, p. 178.

1. Adult, Tahiti, from Dr. Towusend’s collection.

2. Adult. Marquesas Islands, from Dr. Gambel’s collection.

V. Subfamily MACROPTERIN jE.

1. Genus MACROPTERYX, Swainson. Zool. Ill. ii. p. (1832.)

1. Macropteryx mystaceus, (Lesson.) Voyage de la Coquille , Ois.

pi. 22.

Cypselus mystaceus, Lesson. Voy. Cog. i. p. 647.

1. Adult male, New Guinea.

2. Adult female, New Guinea.

3. YouDg, Celebes?

2. Macropteryx comatus, (Temm.) PI. col. 268.

Cypselus comatus, Temm. PL col. iv. (liv. 45.)

1. Adult, Sumatra, from the Rivoli collection.

2. Adult, Timor, from the same.

3. Adult male, Celebes.

3. Macropteryx klecho, (Horsf.) Temm. PL col. 83, fig. 1.

Hirundo Klecho, Horsf. Linn. Trans. London , xiii. p. 143, (1820.)
Cypselus longipennis, Temm. Pl. col. iv. (liv. 14.)

1. Male, Java, from the Rivoli collection.

2. Female, Java, from the same.

3. Male, Java.

4. Young, Sumatra.

4. Macropteryx coronatus, (Tickell.)

Hirundo coronata, Tick. Jour. As. Soc. Benga1, ii. p. 580, (1833.)
Dendrochelidon velatus, Less. Echo du mon le Savant, 1844,
p. 1190.

1 . Adult male, India, from Capt. Boys’ collection.

1

.

■

1.

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM,

In Jan. and Feb., 1852.

January §th.

A small collection of Fishes, Insects, &c., from the West Coast of, Africa.
Presented by Dr. Henderson, U. S. N.

Vespertilio noveboracencis, from N. Carolina. From Mr. John Cassin.

Pteropus Leachii, West Coast of Africa, and Scarabaeus - , from do. From

Dr. Isaac Hays.

Noctilio leporinus Lin. from Nicaragua. From Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Fossil Spatangus, from Georgia. From Dr. Ruschenberger.

Fruit of the Doum Palm, from Thebes. From Dr. Sharpless.

Specimens from which have have been characterised the following by Dr.
Le Conte, viz : Dicotyles depressifrons, D. cristatus, Procyon priscus, Protochce-
rus prismaticus ; from Clinton Co., Missouri. Presented by Dr. J. L. Le Conte.

Anomodon Snyderi Le Conte , from Galena, Illinois, and Galeodes - , from

Guatemala. From the same.

Bicarbonate of Ammonia, in masses; from Patagonia. From Dr. Burtt,
U. S. N.

Fossil Gnathodon, from the Desert of the Colorado. From Dr. Le Conte.

January 13 th.

Phosphate of Lime, from Sussex Co., New Jersey, and a specimen of Adi-
pocire. From J. Price Wetherill, Esq.

Skin of Ursus Americanus, (American Black Bear). From Dr. D. Leasure,
of Lawrence Co., Penn.

Antlers of Cervus virginianus. From John Cuttle, Esq., of Clearfield Co.,
Pennsylvania.

February 3d.

Skin, and entire skeleton of Hippopotamus Liberiensis, Morton , from the
River St. Paul’s, West Africa. Presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Very beautiful and perfect specimen of Troglodytes gorilla, Savage , and a
specimen of the hair of the same, several Serpents, Lizards and Insects ; from
the Gaboon River, Western Africa. From Dr. Henry A. Ford of Glasstown,
W. Africa.

Fossil Zoophyte. From Mrs. Dr. Morton.

A collection of Fossils and recent Shells. From Dr. Caspar Wister.

February 10 th.

A collection of Shells, Sharks’ Teeth, Coprolites, a fragment of bone from
the Reg Crag, Suffolk, England, and specimens of Corundum, from Hindostan.
From Mr. Thomas Fisher.

Several specimens of Clinochlore, from Chester Co., Penn. From Dr. W.
D. Hartman, of Westchester.

Tooth of Ptychodus, and two do. of Lanma elegans, from the Cretaceous of
Alabama. Presented by Mr. Joseph Jones.

Twelve specimens of Coal Fossils, Carbonate of Iron with Blende, Carbonate
of Iron with Quartz ; from the vicinity of Blairsville, Penn. From Edward
Miller, Esq.

Acicular Sulphate of Barytes, a very beautiful specimen, from Perkiomen,
Penn. From R. P. Remington, Esq.

February 19 th.

Nidus of Natica heros, from New Jersey. From Mr. Isaac Lea.

A collection of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from the vicinity of Westchester,
Pa. From Dr. W. D. Hartman, of Westchester.

Numerous specimens of Ampullaria Cornu Arietis. From Mr. John Krider.

Cranium phrenologically marked, according to Dr. Spurzheim. From Dr.
Ruschenberger.

11.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY,

In Jan. and Feb., 1852.

January 6tk.

Elementi di Fisica generate e sperimentale ad uso delle Regie Scuole di Filo-
sofia di G. D. Botto, 4th ed. 8vo. From the Author.

Pennsylvania Farm Journal. Edited by S. S. Haldeman. No. 10, Jan. 1852.
From the Editor.

Catechismo Agrologico ossia principii di Scienzia applicata alP Agricoltura.
Di G. D. Botto. From the Author.

American Journal of Science and Arts, Jan. 1852. From the Editors.

Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol. 7, No. 28. From
the Society.

Proceedings of the Boston Soc. of Natural History, vol. 9, pp. 81 — 96. From
the Society.

On the progress of recent Science ; an introductory lecture by J. K. Mitchell,
M.D., Nov. 13, 1851. From the Author.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson on the usual condition :

Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1851, No. 10.

Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, von Dr. F. H. Troschel, 1850, No. 5, 1851 , Nos. 2, 3.

Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 3me serie. Zoologie, Tome 13, Nos. 1 — 6;
Tome 14, Nos. 1 — 6.

Species generales et iconographie des Coquilles vivants. Par. L. C. Kiener.
Liv. 135.

London Athenaeum for Nov. 1851.

Comptes rendus. Tome 33, Nos. 19, 20.

Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie : von Menke und Pfeiffer, 1850 No. 7.

Systemes de diverses classes d’animaux, tome lme, 3me. partie ; Systeme des
Annelides, par Jules-Caesar Savigny.

The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson on the usual condition :

Histoire de la Louisiane. Par M. Le Page du Pratz. 3 vols. 12mo.

J. G. D. Richter’s Ichthyotheologie, 12mo.

Nouveau Traite des Serins de Canarie. Par M. J. C. Hervieux de Chante-
loup. Nouv. ed. 12mo.

Amusemens des dames dans les Oiseaux de Voliere. Par M. Buchoz, 12mo.

Le Pecheur Frangais. Par Kresz aine, 12mo.

Sur la formation du Cceur dans le Poulet. Par M. de Haller. 2 vols. 12mo.

Naturhistorische Reise durch einen Theil Schwedens. Yon Dr.F. Weber und
Dr. M. H. Mohr. 12mo.

Pisciceptologie : ou Part de la Peche alaligne. Par L. C***. 3me. ed. 12mo.

Pinax Rerum Naturalium Britannicarum. Authore Christ. Merrett, 12mo.

Traite de la Sangsue Medicinale. Par Louis Vitet, 8vo.

An account of some German Volcanoes, &c. By R. E. Raspe, 8vo.

Natural History of Nevis and the rest of the English Leeward Charibee
Islands in America. By the Rev. Mr. Smith, 8vo.

Philosophie Physiologique, &c. 8vo. Par M. de Buzareingues.

Rapports generaux des Travaux de la Societe Philomathique de Paris, 1788 —
92, 2 vols. 8vo.

Traite elementaire de Geologie. ParM. Rozet, 2 vols. 8vo.

Ignatii a Born Index Rerum Naturalium Musei Caesari Yindebonensis, 8vo.

Ancient Sea-Margins. By Robert Chambers, Esq., 8vo.

An Essay towards a History of Hexham, in three parts. By A. B. Wright, 8vo.

Monographia Chalciditum. By Francis Walker, 8vo.

Essai de Zoologie. Par B. Faujas St. Fond, 3 vols. 8vo.

Physico-Theology. By the Rev. Wm. Derham, 2 vols. 8vo.

Observations, experiences ft memoires sur l’Agriculture, &c. Par M. Va-
renne de Fenille, 8vo.

Nouveau voyage aux lies de l’Amerique, 6 vols. 12mo. (Labat).

Linnaea Entomologica, vol. 5, 8vo.

111.

Histoire naturelle et medicale des Sangsues. Par J. L. Derheims, 8vo.

La Palingenesie philosophique. Par C. Bonnet, 2 vols. 8vo.

A Companion to the Liverpool Museum. By William Bullock, 5th ed. 8vo.

Considerations sur l’etablissement d’une nouvelle Voliere au Jardin du Roi.
Par A. Declemy, 8vo.

Tables nosologiques et meteorologiques tres etendues. Par M. Razoux, 8vo.

Companion to the Botanical Magazine. By W. J. Hooker, 2 vols. 8vo.

Transactions of the Plymouth Institution, 1830.

Dissertatio inaug. sistens historiam metamorphoseos quas ovum incubatum
prioribus quinque diebus subit. Auctore Ch. Pander, M. D., 8vo.

Francisci L. A. W. Sorg. Disquisitiones physiologicae circa respirationem
insectorum et vermium, 8vo.

Storia naturale di un nuovo insetto di Ranieri Gerbi, 8vo.

Scientific Memoirs. Edited by Richard Taylor, Esq., 3 vols. 8vo. and vol. 4,
pts. 1 to 7.

Memorie sopra il Lago Naftia nella Sicilia Meridionale, &c. Dell’ Abate
Francesco Ferrara, 8vo.

The Zoologist : conducted by Edw. Newman, 7 vols. 8vo.

Disputatio Med. inaug. de dentium formatione et structura in homine et in
variis animalibus. Auctore Robertus Blake, 8vo.

The Royal Charter of the Royal Dublin Society, and By-Laws and Ordi¬
nances, 8vo.

Juliae et Montium subterranea, quae servantur in Museo Francisci Benth, 8vo.

An account of some new microscopical discoveries founded on examination of
the Calamary and its wonderful milt-vessels, 8vo.

Naturgeschichte der Insekten-Deutschlands. Yon Dr. W. F. Erichson. Nos.

1—6.

Melanges historiques, critiques de Physique, &c. Par M.le Marques D’Orbes-
san, 3 vols. 8vo.

Observations periodiques sur la Physique, l’histoire naturelle, et les Arts.
Par MM. Toussaint et Gautier, 7 vols. 4to. and 1 part.

Memoires sur difFerentes parties des Sciences et Arts. Par M. Guettard.

History and antiquities of Lewes and its vicinity. By the Rev. T. Horsfield.
Outlines of Nat. Hist, of the Environs of Lewes. By Gideon Mantell, (in one
vol. 4to.)

History and antiquities of Harwich and Dovecourt. By Samuel Dale, 4to.

A general view of the writings of Linnaeus. By Richard Pulteney, M. D.,
2d ed. 4to.

The Sea : a conference between Aristus and Eugenius ; translated from the
French of M. Bonhours by Thomas Podmore.

Ichthyologiae Lipsiensis specimen. Auctore N. G. Leske.

De Belemnitis Suecicis. Auctore Balthasar Ehrhart.

De respiratione Sepiae officinalis L. Auctor Gulielmus T. Tilesius.

De Vermibus et praecipue de specie ilia Vermium intestinalium quam Tceniam
vocamus. Auctor J. H. Jaemisch.

De Bysso Acephalorum. Ab August. Mueller.

Naturgeschichte des Neiderdeutschlandes und Anderer Gegenden nebst haiifi-
gen neuen Entdeckungen und Beobachtungen, &c. Yon J. W. von Hupsch.

January 13 th.

Reports on the geological relations, chemical analysis, &c. of the Coal of the
Albert Mining Co., New Brunswick. By Charles T. Jackson, M. D. From
the Author.

Dr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition :

Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, vol. 4, part 2.

The London, Dublin and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, Nov. 1851.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Dec. 1851.

Philosophical Transactions, part 1 for 1851, 4to.

Illustrations of British Mycology, 2d series, part 12. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey.

IV.

The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera. By E. Doubleday, continued by J. 0.
Westwood. Part 50.

The Mammals of Australia- By John Gould. Part 3.

Illustrations of Zoology. The Engravings by Lowry and Landseer, from
Drawings by Sowerby, Darley, Holmes, &c., with a systematic view of the
animal kingdom by Cuvier, 4to.

Description anatomique d’un Cameleon, d’un Castor, &c. (Perrault), 4to.

Ueber die Geognostische Beschaffenheit der Liparischen Inseln. Von Leo¬
pold Yon Buch.

Akten der Urwelt, oder Osteologie der urweltlichen Saugethiere und Amphi-
bien. Yon Dr. J. J. Kaup.

The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson, on the usual condition :

Histoire Naturelle des Poissons du Department de la Cote d’Or. Par J. N.
Vallot, 8vo.

A History of British Birds. By the Rev. T. 0. Morris, Nos. 12 and 13.

The Naturalist; conducted by Beverly R. Morris, Esq., Nos. 3 and 4.

Erster und zweiter Bericht der Oberhessischen Gesellschaft fur Natur-und
Heilkunde.

Methodisk ofversight af Idislande djuren Linne’s Pecora : af Carl J. Sund-
evall. Nos. 1 and 2.

Om Foglarnes vingar : af C. J. Sundevall.

Bericht liber meine Privatschule Buch.

A brief account of microscopical observations made in June, July and
August, 1827, on the particles contained in the Pollen of Plants. By Robert
Brown.

Sur le Parc aux Huitres du Havre. Par MM. Vauquelin et Chaussier.

Fundamenta Ornithologica. Auctore Dr. C . von Linne.

Remonstrance addressed to the Duke of Northumberland upon the evils pro¬
duced by the British Association of peripatetic philosophers. By Wm. Cock-
burn, D. D., 2d ed.

Verzeichniss der im Zoologischen Museum der Universitat Halle-Wittenberg
aufgestellten Saugethiere, Vogel und Amphibien.

On the achromatism of the Eye. By the Rev. Baden Powell.

Observations for determining the refractive indices. By the Rev. B. Powell.

Nouvelles observations sur la conservation et la reproduction des Sangsues
med. et offic. Par M. Chattelain.

Das Thierreich. Von Dr. Ludwig F. Froriep, 5e Abtheilung. Classe der
Mollusken.

Catalogus Conchyliorum Regni Neapolitani quae usque adhuc reperit A. Sacchi.

Deuxieme Memoire sur le courant electrique propre de la Grenouille et sur
celui des animaux a sang chaud. ParM. Ch. Matteucci.

Instructions pour les Voyageurs et les employes dans les Colonies sur le
maniere de recueillir, &c. les objets d’hist. nat. 4me ed.

Sur deux nouvelles especes de Crocodile. Par M. L. Graves.

Nouvelles experiences sur les animalcules spermatiques, & c. Par le Dr.

Paulet.

Recherches sur les Poissons toxicophores des Indes Occidentales. Par Alex.
Moreau des Jonnes.

Species et iconographie generique des Animaux articules. Par M. Guerin-
Meneville. lme partie. Insectes Coleopteres, 9 livs.

Catalogue des Mollusques terestres et fluviatiles dans les Possessions Fran-
qaises du Nord de l’Afrique. Publie par M. Terver.

Verhandlungen der Naturhistorischen Vereins fur das Grossherzogthum Hessen
und Umgebung, Nos. 1, 2.

Liste des Fautes d’impression et de traduction de l’edition Franqaise de la
description du voyage dans l’interieur du Nord de PAmerique, par le Prince
Max. de Wied.

Elenco deglP Uccelli che trovansi nelPIsola di Sardegna od Ornitologia Sarda
di Gaetano Cara, 8vo.

The New South Wales Magazine, Nos. 1 to 7.

V.

Verhandeling over den Link- worm. Door***, M.D.

Essai d’une Lithographie Mlocin (J. Ph. de Carosi).

Ofversigt af slagtet Erinaceus af Carl J. Sun de vail.

Directions for collectors, (issued by the Zoological Society).

The Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea explained. By Samuel Bennett.

Reflections on Geology. By the Rev. J. Mellor Brown.

Aper$u sur le Yer Dragonneau observe en Egypte. Par Clot.

Three popular Lectures. By John F. M. Dovaston.

Elements of Fossilogy. By George Edwards, Esq.

A Letter to the President and Members of the Geological Society. By Mrs.
Calcott.

A treatise on the diseases and breeding of Camels. By J. A. Ayton.

A few observations on the natural history of the Sperm Whale. By Thomas
Beale.

An account of a new Zoophyte from Greenland. By Chrystopher Mylius,
(translation).

Hints respecting the motion produced by Magnetism, &c. By William
Brown, M. D.

De teretibus Intestinorum Lumbricis. Auctore Carolus Hale.

A popular description and history of the Giraffe or Cameleopard.

Letter to the Rev. John Cumming, D. D., on the subject of his lecture, “ God
in Science. ”

Memoires sur le rapport qu’a l’etendue des surfaces de la retine et du nerf
optique des Oiseaux avec Penergie et lapartee de leur vue. Par M. Desmoulins.

Delle Yallee Vulcanico-marina di Ronca nel Territorio Veronese. Del Sig.
Abate Fortis.

Memoria Aug. Gottlieb Richter : commendata ab J. F. Blumenbach.

De lingua et osse hyoideo Pici viridis. Ab V. A. Huber.

Abstract of Reports from the Commissioner of the Southern Whale Fishery
Compaay to the Directors.

Rapport sur M. Deshayes’ Tableaux comparatifs de Coquilles vivants avec les
Coquilles fossiles des Terrains Tertiaires de PEurope, Nov. 1831. (Baron Cuvier).

Sur le Commerce des Sangsues, &c. Par M. Souberain.

Histoire naturelle des Poissons par Bloch : avec les caracteres generiques par
Rene-R. Castel, 10 vols. 12mo.

Kurze Beschreibung versteinerter Gryphiten, &c.

Der Koenig. Schwed. Akad. der Wissen. Abhandlungen, &c. Von
Kastner, 41 vols. 8vo., Register 2 vols.

January 20 th.

Beschreibung der Glyptothek Sr. Mag. Konigs Ludwigii von Bayern,

From Dr. Joseph Leidy.

Musee des Thermes et de Photel de Cluny. Catalogue et description des
d’Art, & c. From the same.

Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum, 52d edition, 12mo.
the same.

Contributions to the Mycology of North America. By M. A. Curtis,
the Author.

Comptes rendus. Tome 33, Nos. 21, 22, 23.

Mr. Edward Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition :

The Ichnology of Annandale. By Sir Wm. Jardine. Part 1, folio.

Fauna Boica. Yon Franz von P. Schank. 3 vols. Svo.

Traite des Pierres precieuses. Par C. Prosper Brard, 8vo.

Mollusques vivants et fossiles. Par Alcide D’orbigny, vol. 1 and Atlas, 8vo.

Handbuch der Entomologie von H. Burmeister, vols. 1, 2, 3; No. 1, vol. 4;
Atlas 4to.

An inquiry into the changes induced on Atmospheric Air by the germination
of Seeds, the vegetation of Plants, and the respiration of Animals. By Daniel
Ellis, 8vo.

Fauna Belgii Septentrionalis. Auctore R. T. Maitland. Part 1, 8vo.

A. G.

12 mo.
objets
From
From

1

VI.

/

Elemens de Zoologie. Par,M. Milne Edwards, 2d ed., 2 vols. 8vo.

Histoiredes Insectes. Par Emile Blanchard, 2 vols. 12mo.

Cours elementaire d’histoire naturelle. Zoologie, par M. Milne Edwards ; Bo-
tanique par A. de Jussieu ; Mineralogie, Geologie, par M. F. S. Beudant, 3 vols.
12mo.

Tracts on the nature of animals and vegetables. By L. Spallanzani, 8vo.

An account of the Basalts of Saxony. By J. F. Daubuisson, 8vo.

The Philosophy of Mineralogy. By Robert Townson, M. D., 8vo.

Observations on Mineralogical systems. By Richard Chenevix, Esq., 8vo.

An inquiry into the legislation, control and improvement of the Salmon aud
Sea Fisheries of Ireland. By H. F. Hore, 8vo.

Bulletin de la Societe Philomatique de Paris, 3 vols. 4to.

C. N. Langii Historia Lapidum figuratorum Helvetiae ejusque viciniae : Trac-
tatus de origine Lap. fig : Appendix ad Hist. Lap. fig : Methodus novus et faci-
lis Testacea marina pleraque quae hue usque nobis nota sunt in suas classes, &c.
distribuendi, (in one vol. 4to.)

De Cartilaginibus, musculis, nervis Auri externae ; atque de nexu Nervi Vagi
et Nervi facialis. Auctore A. Hanover, 4to.

Concordance Systematique. Par J. N. Vallot, M. D., 4to.

Etudes Zoologiques, Physiolog. et Patholog. de l’CEuf dans l’espece humain.
Par G. Breschet, 4to.

Recherches sur les Echinocoques chez l’homme et chez les animaux. Par
Eugene Livois, M. D.

Bildungsgeschichte der Genitalien aus anatomischen Untersuchungen von Em-
bryonen des Menscheu und der Thiere. Von J. Muller.

A systematic and stratigraphic al Catalogue of the fossil Fish in the Cabinets
of Lord Cole and Sir Philip Egerton. By Sir Philip Egerton.

Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias de Madrid. 3d ser. vol. 1, part 1.

Beitrage zur Kenntniss Wirbelloser Thiere, &c. Von Dr. H. Frey und Dr.
R. Leuckart.

Traite de Venerie et de Chasses, lme partie, 4to.

De Ovi Mammal ium et Hominis generi Epistolam ad Acad. Imp. Sci. Petro-
poli dedit Carolus Ernestus a Baer, 4to.

N February 3d.

Journal of the Academy of Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia, 2d series, vol. 2,
part 2, 4to. From the Publication Committee.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 4, pp. 97 — 128.
From the Society.

Kongl. Vetenskaps Akad. Handlingar, 1849. From the Academy.

Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps Akad. Forhandlingar 7de Aug. 1850. From
the same. «

Spectacle de la Nature ; or Nature displayed, &c. Translated from the ori¬
ginal French, by Mr. Humphreys, 3 vols. Svo. From Mr. Isaac Lea.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the usual condition:

Journal of the Franklin Institute, for January 1852.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1851, No. 11.

London Athenaeum foi December, 1851.

February 10 th.

A pronouncing Gazeteer. By Thomas Baldwin, 9th edition with a Supple¬
ment, 8vo. From Dr. James C. Fisher.

Contributions to the Natural History of the Fresh water Fishes of North
America. By Charles Girard. 1. Monograph of the Cottoids. From the Author.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol. 3, Nos. 40, 41, and
index and title page of vol. 2. From the Society.

Symbolae ad Monographiam generis Chrysopae Leach : illustratae a Gulielmo
F. Schneider, 8vo. From Dr. Wilson.

Oken’s Naturgeschichte fur Schulen, 8vo. From Mr. Lea.

%

Vll.

Felruary Yith.

Journal d’Agriculture et Transactions de la Societe d’Agriculture du Bas-
Canada. Vol. 5. No. J. From the Society.

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Vol. 5. Nos. 8 and 9.
From the Editors.

Charleston Medical Journal and Review for Jan., 1852. From the Editors.
Report of the Commissioners appointed to superintend the completion of the
publication of the Natural History of New York. Jan. 13, 1852.

Hr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition :

Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophic Society of Manchester. 2d series,
Vol. 9. 8vo.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 33. Nos. 24, 25, 26.

Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. No. 103.

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. 2d series. Part 13.
The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By E. Doubleday : continued by J. O.
Westwood. Part 51.

Cours elementaire de Paleontologie et de Geologie Stratigraphiques. Par
Alcide D’Orbigny. Tome 2d. Fascic. 1. 12mo. Atlas, 4to.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 2d series. No. 49. Jan., 1852.
Journal of the Franklin Institute. February, 1852.

History of the British Mollusca and their Shells. By Prof. Forbes and S.
Hanley. Part 43.

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM
In March and April, 1852.

March 2d.

A collection of Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Myriapoda, Scorpions, &c., from New
Mexico; and a cranium of Coyote, from the same. Presented by Mr. Richard
H. Kern.

Cranium of a Hindoo, found on the margin of the Ganges by Dr. C. B. Mat¬
thews. Presented by Dr. B. H. Coates.

March 9 th.

Two prepared heads of Gentoo Indians, from the Purus river, a tributary of
the Amazon. Presented by Mr. Amory Edwards.

Eight specimens of Fossilized Wood, from - . From Dr. J. L. Le Conte.

Fragments of Rock with adhering Terebratula, from New Zealand. From
Mr. Robert Pearsall.

March 16 th. *

An incisor tooth, two molars and two ossa petrosa of Casteroides Ohioensis,
from near Shawneetown, Illinois. From Dr. Le Conte.

Molar of a fossil Tapir, from North Carolina; and mould in plaster, with
several casts of the same. Presented by Dr. Isaac Hays.

March 23 d.

Fossil Shells from Georgia and Alabama ; an Echinus and Corals from the
latter; and Lignite from North Carolina. From Mr. Jessup.

Entire specimen of Asaphus caudatus, from Montgomery Co., Pa. Presented
by Dr. J. J. Updegraff.

Three Teeth of the Spermaceti Whale. From Mr. Samuel Powel.

Nodule of Sulphuret of Iron, from the Chalk of Sussex, England; Helix Cun-
ninghamii, from New South Wales; H. lapicida, from Portugal?; 190 specimens,
54 species of British Crustacea; Palaemon ornatus, from Africa; P. carcinus,
from the Philippines ; 41 specimens of British Echinodermata ; Fry of Buccinum
undatum ; seven species of British Shells : seven Skeletons of Birds from Mo¬
zambique, Gaboon and New Zealand ; five specimens of Branchiostoma lubricum,
Salmo sembla, and Gasterosteus spinachia. Presented by Dr, T. B. Wilson.

Vlll.

Thirty-six specimens, fourteen species, Crustacea, from the Mediterranean.
Presented by M. Jules Verreaux.

Forty-one specimens minute fossils, from the Coralline Crag, England; and
twelve specimens of Fossils, from the Bennett Collection. Presented by Dr. T.
B. Wilson.

Fifty-three specimens, eleven species of Shells from Cochin China and Mala¬
bar. From Mr. Hanley, of England.

Two specimens of Pavonaria quadrangularis. From Mr. McAndrew.

Four canines of Hippopotamus. From Mr. H. Gilliams.

Saturnia atlas, from China. From Mr. Phillips.

Fossil Fruits from the Coal Formation, (No. 13 of Rogers,) Beaver Co., Pa.
From Mr. Percival Roberts.

April 6th.

Five Teeth of Hippopotamus Capensis. Presented by Mr. Gilliams.

Bitumen, Amber, and a fragment of an Antler of Cervus, from a Marl pit.
New Jersey. From Dr. C. H. Budd.

Mounted specimens of Dipodomys Phillipsii, and of Mus - ? from Cali¬

fornia. From Dr. LeConte.

Numerous specimens of Shark’s Teeth, from the Marl, New Jersey. From
Mr. R. Kilvington.

Emerylite and Euphyllite, from Chester Co., Pa. Presented by Dr. Wm. D.
Hartman, of West Chester.

Limaces, from California; fragment of fossil Cetacean; two fragments of
Conglomerate, St. Mary’s River, Michigan; and Fossil Wood, from Georgia.
From Dr. J. L. LeConte.

Specimens of semi-bituminous Coal, and Coke from do., from Dauphin Co.,
Pennsylvania. From Mr. Isaac Lea.

April 13th.

Two Teeth of the Spermaceti Whale. From Mr. Gilliams.

Fragment of Fossil Wood, from the Desert of Colorado, California; several

specimens of Crustacea, and Spermophilus - ? from California. Presented

by Dr. LeConte.

Tellina lateralis, from the Drift, California. From Dr. Woodhouse.

The entire Herbarium of North American Plants of Major J. Le Conte. Pre¬
sented by Major LeConte.

April 20 th.

A collection of Birds from Angola and Benguela, containing several species
new to the collection of the A«ademy. Presented by Dr. A. A. Henderson,
U. S. N.

Specimens of Conirostrum ornatum Lawrence ; Picolaptes brunneicapillus
Lafres. ; Emberiza bilineata Cassin. From Mr. Geo. N. Lawrence, of New
York.

A fine specimen of Grus americanus. From John Lambert, Esq.

Pelecanus - ; Grus canadensis. From J. Dickinson Sergeant, Esq.

A collection of Birds from New Mexico and California, containing specimens
of species new to the collection of the Academy. From E. L. Kern, Esq.

Specimens of Gasterosteus quadracus, from the vicinity of Utica; Lota com-
pressa, from Syracuse ; Corythus enucleator, and Loxia leucoptera. Presented
by T. Charlton Henry, M. D., U. S. N.

Strataegus Antaeus, from New Jersey. From Mr. Isaac W. Moore.

Terebratula and Area, from the Marl of New Jersey. From Mr. Harris.

Cone of Pinus - ?, from California. From Dr. Burtt, U. S. N.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY
In March and April, 1852.

March 2 d.

Description of a new genus of the family Melaniana, and of many new species
of the genus Melania, by Isaac Lea and H. C. Lea ; and of five new species of
Anadonta, by Isaac Lea, (the above collected by H. Cumming, Esq., in the
East Indies.) From Mr. Isaac Lea.

Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, July, 1851 to Feb., 1852.
From the Society.

A Cabinet of Quadrupeds. By John Church. 2 vols. 4to. From Mr. George
Ord.

Pennsylvania Farm Journal for February, 1852. From the Editor.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the usual condition: —
Travels in Africa in the years 1785, ’86 and ’87. By S. M. H. Golberry.
Translated by Wm. Mudford. 2 vols. 8vo.

Physical Geography. By Mary Somerville. 2 vols. 8vo. 3d edition.

The History of Greenland. By David Crantz. 2 vols. 8vo.

Hooker’s Journal of Botany, and Kew Garden Miscellany. Vols. 1, 2 and 3.
The relation between the Holy Scriptures and some parts of Geological
Science. By John Pye Smith, D. D. 4th ed. 8vo.

The Works of John Hunter. Edited by James F. Palmer. 4 vols. 8vo. and
Atlas, 4to.

A Critical and Experimental Essay on the Circulation of the Blood. By Mar¬
shall Hall, M. D. 8vo.

Voyages and Travels in the Levant in the years 1749, ”50, ’51 and ’ 52 . By
the Rev. F. Hasselquist, M. D. Published by Charles Linnaeus. 8vo.

Travels in Chili and La Plata. By John Miers. 2 vols. 8vo.

The Columbia River; or Scenes and Adventures during a residence of six
years on the Western side of the Rocky Mountains. By Ross Cox. 2 vols. 8vo.

Narrative of a Voyage to Hudson’s Bay in H. M. S. Rosamond. By Lieut.
Edward Chappell, R. N. 8vo.

Nineveh and its Remains. By Austin H. Layard. 3d ed. 2 vols. 8vo.
Researches into the Physical History of Man. By J. Cowles Prichard, M. D.
8vo. 1st ed.

The same. 3d edition. Vols. 1 and 2. 8vo.

Sketches of the History of Man. (Kaimes.) 4 vols. 8vo.

A System of Phrenology. By George Combe. 5th ed. 2 vols. 8vo.

A Dictionary, Geographical, Statistical and Historical. By J. R. McCulloch.
New edition, with a Supplement. 2 vols. 8vo.

The Natural History of the varieties of Man. By R. G. Latham, M. D. 8vo.
Elements of the General and Minute Anatomy of Man and the Mammalia. By
F. Gerber. With notes, &c., by George Gulliver. 2 vols. 8vo.

History of the Indian Archipelago. By John Crawford. 3 vols. Svo.

Travels in Peru during the years 1838 — 42. By Dr. J. J. Von Tschudi.

Translated from the German by Thomasina Ross. 8vo.

A Tour through some of the Northern parts of Europe. By N. Wraxhall, Jr.
3d edition.

British Zoology. By Thomas Pennant, Esq. New edition. 4 vols. 8vo.

The Oregon Territory. By the Rev. C. G. Nicolay. 12mo.

The Book of Nature laid open. By the Rev. Wm. Hutton. 4th ed. l2mo;

March 9th .

American Journal of Science and Arts. March, 1852. From the Editors.
Annales des Mines. Quatrieme Serie. Liv. 5 de 1851. From L’Ecole des
Mines.

Journal d’ Agriculture et Transactions de la Soc. d’ Agriculture du Bas- Canada.
Vol. 5. No. 2. From the Society.

X.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the usual condition : —

Nederlandsche Tijdschrift von Jagtkunde Von Dr. H. Schlegel. lste. Jahr-
gang, le- u. 2e- Af.

Paleontologie Franqaise. Par Alcide D’Orbigny. Terrains cretaces, livs.
169 — 174 ; Terrains Jurassiques livs. 67 — 69.

London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, Feb., 1852.

Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie von C, T. von Siebold und A. Kol-
liker. Vols 1 and 2.

Journal de Conchyliologie. An. 1851, pt. 2.

History of British Mollusca and their Shells. By Prof. Forbes and S. Hanley.
No. 44.

Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Part 104.

London Athenaeum. Jan., 1852.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Feb., 1852.

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. 2d series, part 4.

History of British Fossil Reptiles. By Richard Owen. Parts 4 and 5.

Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Zoologie und Vergleichenden Anatomie.
Von H. Schlegel. No. 4.

Histoire Naturelle des lies Canaries. Par MM. Webb et Berthollet. Nos.
100—103.

Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde door het Genootschap Natura Artis Magistra te
Amsterdam. 1851. Parts 1 and 2.

Novitiae ad Synopsin Avium. Natatores. 48 plates.

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Vol. 12, No. 1. Vol. 14, No. 1.

Madras Journal. No. 19. April, 1838.

Elementi der Mineralogie. Von Dr. Carl F. Naumann. 8vo.

List of specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the British Museum. Part 1 : of
Fish, part 1; of Homopterous Insects, parts 2 and 3; of British Animals, in¬
cluding Mollusca acephala and Brachiopoda, part 7 ; Hymenoptera aculeata, part 6.

Voyage en Islande et au Groenland ; publie sous la direction de M. Paul
Gaimard ; Histoire du Voyage. Livs. 10 — 14.

Voyage en Abyssinie. Tome 5. 8vo. Atlas, liv. 34; et Chart.

Voyage en Abyssinie. Par MM. Ferrett et Galinier. Vol. 3, pp. 1 — 144.

Lachesis Lapponica : or a Tour in Lapland: from the original MSS. of Lin¬
naeus. By J. Ed. Smith, M. D. 2 vols. 8vo.

Mineralogy according to the Natural System. By Robert Jamieson. 8vo.

The History, Civil and Commercial, of the British Colonies in the West Indies.
By Bryan Edwards, Esq. 3 vols. 4to.

Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. Vols. 1 to 7 ; Vol. 8,
part 3; Vol. 9, pt. 1. 4to.

Vergleichend-anatomische Beschreibung des Kehlkopfs mit besonderer Beriick-
sichtigung des Kehlkopfs der Reptilien. Von D. J. Henle. 4to.

The History of Jamaica. (Long.) 3 vols. 4to.

The History of Java. By T. Stamford Raffles. 2 vols. 4to.

Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Histological Series in the Museum
of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Vol. 1. 4to.

Ueber die Kawi-Sprache aufder Insel Java. Von W. von Humboldt. 3 vols. 4to.

The Natural History of Norway, in two Parts. Translated from the Danish
original of the Right Rev. Erich Pontoppidan. Folio.

A Journal of Transactions and Events during a residence of nearly 16 years
on the Coast of Labrador. By George Cartwright. 3 vols. 4to.

The History of the American Indians. By James Adair, Esq. 4to.

An account of an Embassy to the Kingdom of Ava in 1775. By Michael
Symes, Esq. 4to.

Geographical Distribution of Animals. (L. Agassiz.)

The Phrenological Journal and Magazine of Moral Science. 20 vols.

A continuation of the Alphabetical Index to the Philosophical Transactions of
the Royal Society of London. 4to. (From 1781 to 1820.)

XI.

March 1 6th. ♦

Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France. 1851. No. 4. From Dr.
Wilson.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. 1851, No. 12, 1852, No. 1. From the same.

Journal of the Franklin Institute for March, 1852. From the same.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 34, Nos. 1 — 5. From the same.

Pennsylvania Farm Journal. Edited by S. S. Haldeman. No. 12, March,
1852. From the Editor.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 4, pp. 129 — 144.
From the Society.

Histoire Physique, Politique et Naturelle de Pile de Cuba. Par M. Ramon de
la Sagra. Nos. 57 — 61. Folio. From Messrs. Vaux, Elwyn, Phillips and
Carpenter.

Foot-Prints of the Creator, or the Asterolepis of Stromness. By Hugh Miller.
8vo. From Mr. John Merrick.

Mr. Edward Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition : —

Memoires de la Societe Ethnologique. Tome 2. 8vo.

Memoires de la Societe Medicale d’Emulation. 9 vols. 8vo.

Das Thierreich geordnet nach seiner Organisation, von Baron von Cuvier. Von
F. S. Voight. 6 vols. 8vo.

Fr. v. P. Gruithuisens Beytrage zur Physiognosie und Gantognosie. 8vo.

Histoire naturelle du Genre humain. Nouvelle ed. Par J. J. Virey. 3 vols. 8vo.

Danielis Clerici, M. D., Historia naturalis et medica Latorum Lumbricorum
intra hominem et alia animalia nascentium. 4to.

Nachricht von dem Versteinerungen des Groszfurst-enthums Siebenburgen,
&c. Von J. E. von Fichtel. 4to.

Beobachtungen auf Naturhistorischen Reisen von A. F. Schweigger. 4to.

Dr. Bremser fiber Lebende Wiirmen im lebender: Menschen. 4to.

Observations made during a Voyage round the World. By J. R. Foster,
LL. D. 4to.

Recherches sur les Ossemens Fossiles du Department du Puy de Dome. Par
l’Abbe Croizet et Jobert aine. 4to.

Vierzehn kupfertafeln nebst deren Erflarung zur Gebentschulfe der landwirth-
schaftlichen Thiere. Von Dr. J. C. G. Joerg. Folio.

Delle malattie del grano in Erba. Di Conte Francisco Ginanni. 4to.

J. M. Lancisci de motu cordis et aneurysmatibus ; opus posthumum. Folio.

De Halyotidum structura dissertatio inauguralis. Auctore B. J. Feider.

J. G. Schneider’s erster Beytrag zur Naturgeschichte der Schildkroten.

Memoria sobra la influenza de una temperatura baja en las metamorfosis de
los insectos y por consiquiente en su aparicion. Por Mariano de la Paz Graells.

Dissertation sur les affections vermineuses en general. Par J. M. Tailleferie,
D. M.

Vergleichende Betrachtungen fiber die Mannigfaltigkeit in der organischen
und unorganischen Natur. Von Dr. Franz von Kobell.

Essai sur l’histoire medicale des Cantharides. Par Mathieu Guilbert.

Dissert, inaug. zootomica de Insectorum genitalibus. Auctor Dr. J. J.
Hegetschweiler.

Disquisitiones circa nonnullarum avium systema arteriosum. Auctor Frede-
ricus Bauer.

Synopsis Hymenopterologi® Scandinavic® af G. Dahlbom.

Memoire sur des Bois des Cerfs Fossiles (Faujas de St. Fond.)

Dissert, inaug. med. sistens ovi avium historiae et incubationis prodromum.
Auctor L. S. Comes ab Tredern.

Observationes anatomic® circa fabricam Ran® Pip®. Auctor F. G. Breyer.

Monographie de la famille des Hirundinees. Par Alfred Moquin-Tendon.

De structura lumbrici terrestris. Auctore Julius Leo.

Abhandlung uber das Vermeintliche Barentige Faulthier. Von Fr. Tiede-
mann.

Observationes chemico-medic® de Lacte humano. Auctor F. J. Voltelen.

Pauli Josephi Barthez oratio academica de principio vitali hominis.

11

Symbolae ad Ovi Avium historiam ante incubationem. Auctore J. E. Pur-
kinje.

J. T. Klein Mantissa Ichthyologica de sono et auditu Piscium. 4to.
Anatomisk Beskrivelse over et ved Nogle Dyr-arters Uterus undersogt glan-
dulost organ. Af. H. Gartner. 4to.

Abbildung und Beschreibung einiger neuen oder wenig gekannten Versteine-
rungen aus der Kalkschieferformation von Solenhofen. Yon Dr. Edward Rup-
pell.

Systematische Uebersicht der Trilobiten und Beschreibung einiger neuen
Arten derselben. Yon Hrn. Prof. Dr. Goldfuss.

Observations anatomiques sur l’lvoire. Par J. R. Duval.

Sur un ordre de Mammiferes qui nourissent leurs petits nouveau nes sans
allaitement.

Memoires sur la structura et les usages des glandes monotremiques. ParM.
Geoffrey St. Hilaire.

Catalogue des Mollusques vivants de la Champagne Meridionale. Par MM.
J. Ray et H. Drouet.

Fecondation artificielle des Poissons. Rapport de M. Aymar Bression.

Dela Cochinella der Nopal.

Memoires sur divers insectes nuisibles a PAgriculture. Par J. Ch. Herpin de
Metz.

Recherches sur la destruction de l’Alucite ou Teigne des Graines. Par J. C.
Herpin.

Catalogue of British Marine recent shells.

Om Cranchia megalops Prosch af O. Morch.

Notice topographique et medicale sur la Ville d’Hyeres. Par le Dr. Barth.
2e. ed.

Catalogue methodique des Echinides du Departement de PYonne. Par M.
Gustave Cotteau, 1850.

Concours d’animaux reproducteurs males, d’instruments, &c. de l’agriculture.
8vo.

Considerations anatomiques, physiolog. et patholog. sur les Mamelles. Par
Joseph Fred. Landes.

Faune Entomologique de Madagascar, Bourbon et Maurice. Lepidopteres.
Par le Dr. Boisduval ; livs. 1 — 8.

J. C. Schaeffer Piscium Bavarico-Ratisbonensium Pentas. 4to.

J. C. Schaeffer’s fernere Zweifel und Schwierigkeiten welche in der Insecten-
lehre auroch vorwalten.

Annotationes quaedam de sensu ac significatione ossium capitis, speciatim de
capite Testudinis. Ab. Aug. Leop. Ulrich.

De l’influence des climats sur l’homme. Par E. D. Sauveur Viader.

Notice sur le Chimpanzee.

Versuch liber die beste Einrichtung zur Aufstellung Behandlung und Aufbe-
warung der Verscheidenen.

Naturkorper und Gegenstande der kunst, vorzuglich der Conchylien-Samm-
lungen. Von F. C. Schmidt. 8vo.

Iconographie Conchyliologique. Par Polydore Roux.

Dissertation sur la preeminence des Chats dans la Societe sur les autres
animaux d’Egipte, &c.

Plantae per Galliam Hispaniam et Italiam observatae a R. P. Jac. Barreliero.
Opus posthumum. Folio.

Stirpium sciagraphia et icones ex Musaeo Dom. Chabraei, M. D. Folio.
Histoire des Plantes qui naissant aux environs d’Aix, &c. Par M. Garidel.
Folio.

Historia Botanica practica. Opus Eq. Jno. Baptiste Morandi Mediolanensis.
Folio.

Atlas to the t: Amboinische Rariteitkammer ” of Rumphius. Folio.

xiii.

March 23 d.

Introduction to Algology : with a Catalogue of American Algae or Sea-weeds.
By John Hooper. From the Author.

Notice of the origin, progress and present condition of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. By W. S. Ruschenberger, M. D.

Mr. Edward Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition : —

The Microscopic Cabinet of select animated objects. By Andrew Prichard.
8 vo.

Geologie appliquee aux Arts et a PAgriculture. Par MM. C. D’Orbigny et
A. Gente. 8vo.

Das Orientalische Pferd und das Privat-Gestute Sr. Majestat-des Konigs von
Wurtemberg. Von Dr. A. Jaeger. 8vo.

Nouvelles observations sur les Abeilles. Par Francis Huber. 8vo.

Letters, Literary and Political, on Poland. 8vo.

The Natural History of Animalcules. By Andrew Prichard. 8vo.
Microscopic Illustrations of Living Objects, &c. By A. Prichard. 3d ed. 8vo.
Petrifactions and their Teachings. By G. A. Mantell. 8vo.

A Manual of Ornithology of the United States and of Canada. By Thomas
Nuttall. 2 vols. 8vo.

Lettres a Julie sur l’Entomologie. Par M. E. Mulsant. 2 vols. 8vo.
Lehrbuch der Yergleichenden Anatomie von v. Siebold und Stannius, Vols.
1 and 2. 8vo.

A Manual of Entomology, from the German of Dr. H. Burmeister. By W. E.
Shuckard. Nos. 1 — 12. 8vo.

Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Turbellarien. Von Dr. Max. Sigmund
Shultze. 4to.

Analecta Entomologica. Auctore J. W. Dalman. 4to.

The Papilios of Great Britain. By W. Lewin. 4to.

Adolphi Ed. Grube de Pleione carunculata dissert-Zootomica.
Untersuchungen fiber die Entwickelungsgeschichte der Fische nebst einem
Anhange fiber die Schwimblase. Von Dr. Karl Ernst von Baer.

Thesaurus Literaturae Botanicae omnium Gentium. Curavit G. A. Pritzel.
Fascic. 1 — 6. 4to.

Mittheilungen aus dem Gebiete der Geologie und Palaeontologie von Dr. A. v.
Klipstein. le. Band. 4to.

Disquisitiones de structura et textura canalium aeriferorum. Scripsit
Ernestus Shultz.

Atlas of Dinotherium giganteum (Klipstein und Kaup. )

Ueber das Gabaerorgan des Menschen und der Saugethiere im Schwangern
und Nicht-Schwangern Zustande. Von D. J. C. G. Joerg. Folio.

Note sur un cas de communication entre Partere pulmonaire et l’aorte des-
cendente. Par M. le Dr. Ch. Poelmann.

Essai sur les Lamellicornes des Environs d’ Amiens. ParM. Gamier.
Museum Adolphi Frederici Regis, in quo animalia rariora imprimis et exotica
describuntur et determinuntur a C. Linnaeo. Folio.

Dominici Cyrilli, M. D. Entomologiae Neapolitanae specimen primum. Folio.
Deliciae Naturae selectae. Von Georg. Wolfgang Knorr. 2 vols. Folio.

April 6th.

Sitzungsberichte der k. Akad. der Wissen, Mathemat-Naturwissen. Classe.
Vol. 6, Vol. 7, parts 1 and 2. 8vo. From the Academy.

Denkschriften ?der k. Akad. der Wissen., Mathemat-Naturwissen. Classe.
Vol. 2, pt. 1. Folio. From the same.

Remarks on Entomology, chiefly in reference to an Agricultural benefit. By
Wm. D. Brinckle, M. D. From Dr. Elwyn.

Report of the Mines and Lands of St. Lawrence Mining Company. From the
same.

Annals of the Minnesota Historical Society for 1852. From the Society.
Ueber die fossilen Saugethiere Wurtembergs von Dr. Georg. Jager. From
the Prince de Wied.

xiv.

Nova Acta Acad. C. L. C. Nat. Curiosorum. Vol. 23, part 1. 4to. From
the Academy.

leones Filicum: Figures and descriptions of Ferns, principally such as have
been unnoticed by Botanists, or incorrectly figured. By Wm. J. Hooker and
R. K. Greville. Nos. 1 to 10. Folio. From Dr. Joseph Carson.

Archiv fur Naturgeschichte. Yon Dr. F. H. Troschel. 1849, No. 6; 1850,
Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5 ; 1851, Nos. 1, 2, 3. From the Editor.

Journal d’Agriculture, ou Transactions de la Soc. d’Agriculture du Bas-
Canada. Yol. 5, No. 3. From the Society.

Charleston Medical Journal and Review for March, 1852. From the Editor.
Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. Vol. 8, pt. 1 From
the Society.

Pennsylvania Farm Journal. Edited by S. S. Haldeman. April, 1852.
From the Editor.

Dr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition : —

Annals and Magazine of Natural History, March, 1852.

Archiv fur Naturgeschichte. Von Dr. F. H. Troschel. 1850, No. 5.

London Athenaeum for Feb., 1852.

Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. No. 105.

Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie. Yon Dr. Menke und Dr. Pfeiffer. 1851.
Nos. 6 — 11.

London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, March, 1852.

April 13 th.

Elements of Chemistry. By Thomas Graham. Second American edition,
with notes by Robert Bridges, M. D. 8vo. From Dr. Bridges.

Registro trimestre, 6 colleccion de Memorias de Historia, Literatura, Ciencias
y Artes. Por una Sociedad de Literatos. Tome 1. 8vo. From Wm. H.
Prescott, Esq., Boston.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 4, pp. 145 — 160.
From the Society.

Review of “ Reports on the Coal of the Albert Coal Mining Co., New Bruns¬
wick, by C. T. Jackson, M. D.” By a Fellow of the Geological Society of
London, &c. From Mr. E. Le Gal, N. Y.

Dr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition : —

Journal of the Franklin Institute, April, 1852.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 34, Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9.

Species general et Iconographie des Coquilles vivantes. Par L. C. Kiener.
136e* Liv.

The following were presented by Edward Wilson, Esq. :

A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts. By William
Nicholson. 18 vols. 8vo.

Die Familien der Anneliden mit Augabe ihrer Gattungen und Arten. Von
Dr. Adolph Edward Grube.

Elements de Geologie mis a la portee de tout le monde. Par L. A. Chaubard.
2e- ed.

Histoire des Travaux et des Idees de Buffon. Par P. Flourens. 2e • ed. 12mo.
Moeurs, Instinct et singularites de la vie des Animaux Mammiferes. Par R.
P. Lesson. 12mo.

A new and accurate system of Natural History, in six volumes. By R.
Brookes, M. D. 2e- ed. 12mo.

L’Exercise du Microscope. Par Francois Watkins. 12mo.

Les agremens des Campagnards dans la chasse des Oiseaux, &c. Par M.
Buchoz. 12mo.

Storia naturale e medica dell’Isola di Corfu Di Carlo Botta. 12mo.

New Experiments on the Viper. By M. Charras. 12mo.

Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles observes dans le Departement de Maine
et Loire. Par P. A. Millet. 12mo.

Nouveaux elements d’Histoire naturelle. Par A. Salacroux. 2 vols. 8vo.
Memoires ,pour servir a une description geologique de la France. Par MM.
Dufrenoy et El ie de Beaumont. 4 vols. 8vo.

XV.

De Porganisation des Animaux. Par M. H. Ducrotay de Blainville. Tome
lme Svo.

Traite des Vaches laitieres et de Pespece bovine en general. Par F. Guenon.
8vo.

Memoire sur les Sables Tertiaires inferieures du Bassin' de Paris. Par M.
Melleville. 8vo.

Histoire naturelle des Races Humaines. Par A. Desmoulins. 8vo.

Joannis de Laet Antverpiani de Gemmis et Lapidibus libri duo. Gfcmmarum
et Lapidum Historia. Auctore A. Boetius de Boot, (in one vol. 8vo.)
Dictionnaire universel des Fossiles propres. Par M. E. Bertrand. 8vo.

Essai sur la Bibliotheque et. le Cabinet de l’Acad. des Sci. de St. Petersbourg.
Par J. Bacmeister.

Catalogue of the collection of Antiquities formed by M. Hertz. 4to.

Das Thierreich von Cuvier: aus dem Franzosischen frey uebersezt von H. R.
Schinz, M. D. 5 vols. 8vo.

Bulletin Universel : par M. le Baron de Ferussac. 78 vols. 8vo.

April 2 Oth.

Naturkundige Verhandelungen von de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetens-
chappen te Haarlem. 2e. verz. 7e. Deel. 4tb.

Memoires de l’Academie Royale de Belgique. Vols. 24 and 25. 4to. From
the Academy.

Memoires couronnes et Memoires des Savants etrangers, publies par PAcad.
Royale de Belgique. Vol. 23. 1848 — 1850. 4to. From the same.

Bulletins de PAcad. Royale de Belgique. Vol. 16, pt. 2 ; vol. 17, pts. 1 and 2 ;
vol. 18, pt. 1. From the same.

Annuaire de PAcad. Royale de Belgique. 1850 and 1851. From the same.
Sur la Statisque Criminelle du Royaume-uni de la Grande-Bretagne. Par M.
A. Quetelet. From the Author.

Experimental Researches on Electricity, (28th series.) By Michael Faraday.
From the Author.

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Vol. 5, No. 10. From
the Editor.

Handbuch der Petrefaktenkunde. Von Dr. Aug. Duenstedt. No. 2. From
Dr. Wilson.

Zoologisch-anatomisch-physiologische Untersuchungen fiber die Nordischen
Walthiere. Von Dan. Fr. Eschricht. Vol. 1. Folio. From the same.

The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson on the usual condition : —
Manual of the Land and Fresh Water Shells of the British Islands. By Wm.
Turton, M. D. 12mo.

Memoire sur les yeux composes et les yeux lisses des Insectes. Par M.
Manuel de Serres. 8vo.

The Natural History of Insects, compiled from Swammerdam, &c. 8vo.
Catalogue de la collection Entomologique du Mus. d’Hist. Nat. de Paris.
Coleopteres, Vol. 1. Par M. Milne Edwards.

Coup d’ceil de la Geologie de la Belgique. Par J. J. d’Omalius d’Halloy.

The History, Ancient and Modern, of the Sheriffdoms of Fife and Kinross. By
Sir Robert Sibbald, M. D. New edition. /8vo.

Memoires de Physique et d’Hist. Naturelle. Par J. B. Lamarck. 8vo.
Voyages made in the years 1788 and ’89 from China to the N. W. Coast of
America. By John Meares, Esq. 2 vols. 8vo.

Syllabus of Lectures on Mineralogy. By C. Schmeisser; Observations on the
Fossils of Cornwall, by M. H. Klaproth; Elements of Fossilogy, by George
Edwards ; Account of some German Volcanoes, by R. E. Raspi. (In one vol. 8vo.)
Embryogenie Comparee. Par M. Coste. Tome lme- et Atlas.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 38 pts.

The British Warblers. By Robert Sweet. 8vo.

Thoughts on Physical Astronomy. By Frances Burton. Quarterly Journal
of Meteorology and Pnys. Science; Vol. 1. Proceedings of Meteorological Soc.
for 1838 and ’39. (In one vol. 8vo.)

%

XVI.

Zoological Recreations. By W. J. Broderip. 8vo.

Des Microscopes et de leur usage. Par Chas. Chevalier. 8vo.

Encyclopedic d’Histoire Naturelle. Par le Dr. Chenu. Coleopteres, Nos. 5
et 6 ; PapillonS, Nos. 1 et 2 ; Oiseaux, Nos. 1, 2 et 3; Quadrumanes, No. G.

J)u System e Nerveux, &c. Par A. Bazin. 4to.

Anatomie Comparee de Pappariel respiratoire dans les animaux vertebres.
Par A. Leteboullet. 4to.

Inscriptions from the Ruins of JPersepolis.

Recherches sur PAppareil Respiratoire des Oiseaux. Par Ph. C. Sappey.
Recherches sur les organes de la circulation de la digestion et de la respiration
des Animaux^infusoires. Par M. F. Pouohet.

Cocfuilles et Echinodermes fossiles de Colombie, recueillis de 1821 — 1833
par M. Boussingault et decrits par Alcide d’Orbigny.

Observationes anatomic® de Distornate hepatico et lanceolato. Auctore D.
Ed Meblis. Folio.

Reptilia Musei Zoojogici Vratislaviensis recensita et descripta. Auctore J. L.
G. Gravenhorst. Fascic. lmus. Chelonios et Batrachia. Folio.

Ascension a FEtna. Par Alfred Malherbe.

Catalogue des Oiseaux observes en Europe, principallement en France. Par
C. B. Degland.

Description of the Skeleton of the Fossil Deer of Ireland. By John Hart. 2d ed.
Essai sur la theorie generale de Squelette des Vertebres. Par M. Laurent.

On a New Acid and its combinations; presented June, 1829. By Edmund
Davy.

Rapport sur les Poissons Fossiles. Par L. Agassiz.

Catalogue des Oiseaux comprenant la collection du feu le Dr. Abeilie.

Joannis Severini Tentamen Zoologic® Hungaric®.

Description of the Missourium. By Albert Koch.

► DONATIONS TO MUSEUM

In May and June, 185,2.

May 4th.

Specimens of Dendritic, Octahedral, and Capillary native Copper, from Lake
Superior. From Mr. S. Ashmead.

Six fragments of Chelonian and Saurian Bones, and toolh of Dendrodus obliques,
from the Marl of New Jersey; and Quartz Crystal, from Thibet. From Dr. J.
L. Burtt, U. S. N.

One Asterias, and three Chitons, from the Bay of San Francisco. From Mr.
J. G. Watson, through Dr. Ruschenberger.

Tooth of a Ganoid Fish, from the Marl of New Jersey. From Dr. C. H. Budd.

Several specimens of Bats, from near Reading, Pa. From Dr. Heister, of
Reading.

May 1 \th.

Buccinum pristis, from San Bias; NerLtina pulchella, from Manilla; Conus
miles, from Loo Choo; Area and Saxicava, from Monterey; and Lithodonus,
from Callao. From Dr. J. L. Burtt, U. S. N.

Several crania'of Chelonia and Mammalia, several skeletons of Birds, and two
of Apes. From Mr. William Wood.

Several specimens of sun-dried Cracks, from Lake Superior. From Dr. Le
Conte.

May 18 th.

Cranium of a Seminole. Presented by Dr. C. D. Meigs.

Indian Cranium, from the banks of the River Susquehanna, and fragment of
Indian Pottery, from Northumberland Co., Pa. From Dr. Alexander Janney.

XVII.

June Is*.

A collection of phanerogamous plants made in Egypt, Syria, &c., by M.
Boissier. Presented by Rev. M. A. Curtis, of S. Carolina.

Two specimens of Minerals, from Montgomery Co., Pa., and two of calcareous
conglomerate. From Mr. Wm. Struthers.

Fragments of jaw and teeth of a Crocodile, Sharks’ teeth, and Mosasaurus
tooth, from the Green Sand of New Jersey. From Dr. J. L. Burtt.

Extremity of Snout of a fossil Sword Fish, from the Green Sand of New Jersey.
From Dr. C. H. Budd.

Several specimens of fossil Shells, from the Drift near Philadelphia. From
Mr. Kilvington.

Unio Stewardsonii and Melania solida, from Tennessee. From Dr. Stewardson.
Several specimens of Fishes and Salamanders. From Mr. Edward Harris.

A collection of Crustacea, Fishes and Serpents, from New Jersey. From
Major LeConte.

Two Minerals. From Mr. Thomas Fisher.

Very fine cast in colored plaster of Sauropus primaevus, Lea, natural size.
From Mr. Isaac Lea.

Slab of Stone containing sculptured human footprints, from Alton, Illinois.
Deposited by Mr. Isaac Lea.

Fossilized Guano, from the Coast of Chili, lat. 23° S. From Mr. Aubrey H.
Smith.

June 1 5tk.

i

Numerous specimens of Rocks and Fossils from Baffin’s Bay and Melville’s
Bay ; Lichens, from Cape Riley ; skin of Canis lagopus, four crania of Esquimaux,
and the following Bird skins from Baffin’s Bay: Uria grylle, Mergulus alba,
Larus eburneus, L. argentatus, Bernicla brenta, and Oidemia molissima. Pre¬
sented by Dr. E. K. Kane, U. S. N.

Several specimens of Palaeoniscus - ? from New Brunswick. From Mr.

William Grant, through Mr. Sergeant.

Panotis Catesbei from the Delaware River. From Mr. T. R. Conrad.

June 22 d.

Skins of Piaya rutila, Tityra Cayana, Phcenicircus carnifex, Conophago nigro-

genys, Thamnophylus stellaris, Thamnophilus - ? Totanus hypoleucus,

Larus argentatus, young, Acanthylus pelasgicus, Cypselus - ? Formivorus

- ? and Lipangus lateralis; from Demarara. Presented by Dr. H. G.

Dalton, of Demarara.

Collection of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera ; from Demarara.
Presented by the same.

Three specimens of fossil infusorial Earth, from Germany. From Dr. F. A.
Genth.

A large collection of American Birds’ Eggs. From Mr. John Krider.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY
In May and June, 1852.

May 4th.

Annual of Scientific Discovery, or Year Book of facts in Science and Art, for
1852. Edited by David A. Wells. 12mo. From the Editor.

Journal d’Agriculture, ou Transactions de la Societe d’ Agriculture du Bas-
Canada. Vol. 5, No. 4. From the Society.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 4, pp. 161 — 176.
From the Society.

American Journal of Science and Arts, May, 1852. From the Editor.

18

xvm.

History of the Indian Tribes of the United States. By H. R. Schoolcraft,
LL.D. Part 2, 4to. From Mr. L. Lea, U. S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs.
Iconographie des Oiseaux. ParM. Drapiez. 18mo.

Geological Essays : or geological phenomena found in various parts of the
United States. By Horace H. Hayden. 8vo. From Mr. Charles E. Smith.

Recherches exp erimentales sur Faction convulsivante des principaux poisons.
From Dr. Leidy.

Sketches of the medical topography and native diseases of the Gulf of Guinea,
Western Africa. By ffm. F. Daniel, M. D. 8vo. From the Author.

Dr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition :

Annals and Magazine of Natural History for April, 1852.

London, Dublin and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, April, 1852.

History of the British Mollusca. By Forbes and Hanley, No. 45.

Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1852, No. 2.

Conchologia Iconica. By Lovell Reeve. No. 106.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 34, Nos. 10, 11, 12.

The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson, on the usual condition :
Coquilles fluviatiles et terrestres dans le Department de l’Aisne, et aux envi¬
rons de Paris. Par M. Poiret.

Gemmarum et Lapidum historia quam olim edidit Ansel. Boetius de Boot.
12mo.

C. F. Paullini de Lumbrico Terrestre Schediasma. 12mo.

Anecdotes of Birds. 12mo.

I tre libri de gli Uccelli da Rapina di M. Francisco Sforzino. 12mo.

Antonii Felicis de Ovis Cochlearum epistola ad M. Malpighium. 12mo.

Pauli Jovii Commensis medici de Romanis Piscibus. 12mo.

J. L. Gansii Coralliorum historia. 12mo.

Moyens de conserver le Gibier par la destruction des Oiseaux de Rapine.
12mo.

Lettere medico-pratiche dell’febbre maligne e de loro principali remedie, &c.
12mo.

Atlas de Mammalogie (Lesson). 12mo.

Aviceptologie Francaise, 10me ed. Par C. Kresz, aine. 12mo.

Historische und physiologische Beschreibung einer art-hochst-schadlicher
Zee-Wurmer. Von Putoneo. 12mo.

Hrn. D. und Prof. Hacquet Nachricht von Yersteinerungen von Schalthieren.
Von J. S. Schraeter. 8vo.

Ophiographia physica-chymico-medica. Von L. H. Lutzen. 12mo.

Hadriani Relandi oratio de Galli cautu Hierosolymis audito. 12mo.
Iconographie des Poissons. Par M. de Gransagne. 18mo.

Iconographie des Reptiles. Par M. Bory de St. Vincent. 18mo.

Traite elementaire d’Erpetologie. Par M. de St. Vincent. 18mo.

Traite elementaire d’Ichthyologie. Par M. de Gransagne. 12mo.

Le vieux Pecheur. Par Th. Deyeux. 12mo.

El Fenix usu historia natural escrita. Por don de Salas y Tobar. l2mo.

C. F. Paullini disquisitio curiosa an mors naturalis plerumque sit substantia
verminosa? 12mo.

Essai sur l’hist. nat. de la France Equinoxiale. Par Pierre Barrere. 12mo.
Bufo juxta methodum et leges Acad. Nat. Cur. breviter descripta a C. F.
Paullini. 12mo.

The Art of Angling. By Charles Bowlker. 12mo.

Das Reich der Conchjlien. Von J. C. W. Kuhnau. 8vo.

Del Maraviglioso specifico delle lucertole. Da Carlo M. Toscanelli. 8vo.
Nachricht von Seltenen Versteinerungen, vornemlich des Thier-Reiches. Von
C. F. Wilckens. 8vo.

Precis des Caracteres generiques des Insectes. Par le Cit. Latreille. 8vo.
Etudes sur les Terraines Secondaires des Alpes dans les environs de Grenoble.
Par Charles Lory.

Osservazioni microscopiche sulla Tremella, &c., dell’ Abate Eonaventura
Corte. 8vo.

XIX.

Principes de Physiologie comparee. Par Isid. Bourdon. 8vo.

Considerations sur les corps organises. Par C. Bonnet. 2 vols. 8vo. 2« ed.

Species general des Hydrocanthares et Gyriniens. Par le Dr. Ch. Aube. 8vo.

Salaraandrologia. J. P. Wurffbainii D.M. 4to.

The History of Rutherglen and East Kilbride. By David Ure, A. M. 8vo.

Legons de Geologie pratique. Par L. Elie de Beaumont. Vol. 1, 8vo.

Martini Lister Exercitatio anatomica altera. 8vo.

Insecto-Theology. By M. Lesser, with notes by M. Lyonet. 8vo.

Monographic de la Montagne de Perrier pres d’Issoire (Puy de Dome.) Par
M. Aug. Bravard. 8vo.

Dissert inaug. de differentia et nexu intra nervos vitae animalis et vitae orga-
nicae. Auctore J. Van Deen. 8vo.

Recherches sur les Mceurs de fourmies indigenes. Par M. Huber. 8vo.

Baldi Angeli Abbatii medici de Admirabili Viperae Natura, &c. 4to.

Delle Caccie di Eugenio Raimondi Bresciano libri quatuor. 4to.

Description des Terr'aines Yolcaniques de la France Centrale. Par M. Amedire
Burat. 8vo.

Der Bau des Knochernen Kopfes in den vierklassen der Wirbelthiere. Yon
Dr. Otto Kostlin. Svo.

La Fauconnerie de Charles d’Arcissia. 4to.

Neue Untersuchungen iiber den Bau und die Endinung der Nerven und die
struktur der Ganglien. Supplement zu den leones physiologicae von Rudolph
Wagner. 4to.

Recueil des Planches 49 (Quadrupeds). Par Broussonet.

Der Plauische Grund bei Dresden, mit hinsicht auf Naturgeschichte und
Schone Gartenkunst. Von W. G. Becker. 4to.

May 11 th.

Report on the Ichthyology of the Seas of China and Japan. By John Richard¬
son, M. D. From the Author.

leones Piscium. By J. Richardson, M. D. From the Author.

Histoire du Ciel. Par Noel Plauche. 2 vols., 12mo. From Mr. George Ord.

Insecta Caffrariae annis 1838 — 1845 a J. A. Wahlberg collects, descripsit C.
H. Boheman. Part 1, fascic. 2. Coleoptera. 8vo. From Prof. A. Retzius.

Nye Sydamerikanske Ferskvandsfiske Beskrevne af J. Reinhardt. From the
same.

Ueber die richtige Deutung der Seitenfortziitze an den Rucken-und Leuden-
wirbeln beim Menschenund bei den Saugethieren. Von A. Retzius, M. D. From
the same.

Bidrag till Blodkiirlsystemets Jemforande anatomic af E. J. Bonsdorff. From
the same.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the usual condition : —

Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, and British and Russian Ame¬
rica: designed as a supplement to the 8vo. edition of Audubon’s Birds of Ame¬
rica. By John Cassin. No. 1.

Journal of the Franklin Institute, May, 1852.

The Naturalist’s Miscellany. By George Shaw and E. Nodder. Vols. 19 to
24 inclusive, (completing the copy in the Library A. N. S.)

The Birds of Australia. By John Gould. Parts 1 and 2, folio. (Original edi¬
tion subsequently cancelled by the author.)

The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson, on the usual condi¬
tion : —

Catalogue methodique de la collection des Reptiles du Museum d’Histoire
Naturelle de Paris. Par M. Dumeril.

Catalogue des Coleopteres de la collection de J. B. Gehin. Cicindeliens—
5me fascic.

Anatomisch-physiologische Uebersicht des Thierreichs. Von E. Bergmann
und R. Leuckart. 8vo.

Comptes rendus des Seances et Memoires de la Societe de Biologie. lme
An. 1849.

XX.

Traite pratique sur les Abeilles. Par V. Rendu. 12mo.

Die Etrusker. Von Karl 0. Muller. 2 vols. 8vo.

Traite de l’age du Cheval, par feu N. F. Girard. 3me ed. par J. Girard. 8vo.
Grundriss der Geognosie und Geologie. Von Dr. Bernhard Cotta. 8vo.

The Honey Bee. By Edward Bevan, M. D. 8vo.

An Introduction to Conchology. By Geo. Johnston, M. D. 8vo.

The History of the Island of Minorca. By John Armstrong. 2d ed. 8vo.
History and description of the skeleton of a new Sperm Whale in the Austra¬
lian Museum. By Wm. S. Wall. 8vo.

Melisselogia. By John Thornley, of Oxon. 8vo.

Die Arachniden. Von Dr. Carl W. Hahn. 8vo.

View of the origin and migrations of the Polynesian Nations. By J. D. Lang,
D. D. 8vo.

Popular Conchology. By Agnes Catlow. 12mo.

A popular history of Mammalia. By Adam White.

Moral inquiries on the situation of Man and of Brutes. By Lewis Gompertz.
8vo.

Oligaeri Jacobaei de Ranis et Lacertis observationes. 12mo.

Polynesian Researches. By William Ellis. 4 vols. 12mo.

C. A. Linne Amaenitates Academicae. lOvols. 8vo. Ed. tertiaab D. J. C. D.
Schreibero.

Nouveau Museum d’Histoire Naturelle, par MM. Lacepede, Desfontaines, &c.
Tome l^e. 8vo.

Principles of Geology. By Sir Charles Lyell. 8th ed. 8vo.

Arctic Searching Expedition. By Sir J. Richardson. 2 vols. 8vo.

Index Entomologicus. By W. Wood. 8vo.

A Treatise on Hydrostatics and Pneumatics. By Dionysius Lardner. 12mo.
Manual of Electricity, Magnetism and Meteorology. By D. Lardner. 2 vols.
12mo. '

A Treatise on Heat. By D. Lardner. 12mo.

History of Natural Philosophy. By Baden Powell. l2mo.

Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy. By Sir John
Herschel. 12mo.

A Treatise on Astronomy. By Sir J. Herschel. 12mo.

A Treatise on Chemistry. By Michael Donovan. 4th ed. 12mo.

A Treatise on Mechanics. By Capt. H. Kater and D. Lardner. 12mo.

A Treatise on Optics. By Sir David Brewster. New edition. 12mo.

The Grammar of Entomology. By Edward Newman. 12mo.

Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Par F. M. G. de Tigny. 3me. ed. 10 vols.
12mo.

Essai Monographique et Iconographique de la tribu des Cossyphides. Par le
Mis- F. de Breme. Pts. 1 and 2. 8vo.

Description of a singular aboriginal race inhabiting the summit of the Neil-
gherry Hills in the Southern Peninsula of India. By Capt. Henry Harkness. 8vo.
Catalogue of the Portland Museum. 4to.

History of the Discovery and Conquest of the Canary Islands. By George
Glas. 4to.

Treatise on Insects. By James Wilson. 4to.

Martini Lister Historia Conchyliorum. Folio.

Aquitilium Animalium Historia, Hippolyte Salviano auctore. Folio.

May 18 th.

Gammarologia : a Philippo I. Sachs. 12mo.

De vivipera generatione scepsis. Auctore J. H. Sbaragli P. et M. D. J2mo.
Wilhelm .Tosephi Anatome der Saugethiere. 12mo.

Dissertationes Academicae. A Carolo P. Thunberg. 2 vols. 12mo.

Johannis Busthamentini Camaerensis de Animantibus Sacrae Scripturae. 4to.
J. G. Liebknecht Hassiae Subterranae specimen. 4to.

Verzeichniss bbmischer Insekten von J. D. Preyskler. 4to.

Jobi Ludolphi dissertatio de Locustis. Folio.

XXI.

Anthropologisch Onderzoek. Von C. Pruys Van der Hceven. 8vo.
leones et descriptiones rariorum plantarum Siciliae, Meletae, Galliae et Italiac.
Auctore Paulo-Boccone. 4to.

Diverses Oyseaux dessignees et gravees d’apres le natural, par M. Robert.
Folio.

J. Nicolai Pechlini, M. D., de habitu et colore iEthiopum qui vulgo Nigritae
liber. 12mo.

C. Francisci Paullini de Asino liber. 12mo.

Venus physique. 7me. ed. Par M. de Maupertuis. 12mo.

D. P. B. Ch. Graumann brevis introductio in Historiam Naturalem Animalium
Mammalium in usum auditorum. 12mo.

Nouveau traite des Abeilles et nouvelles Ruches de Paille. Par M. de Bois-
jugan. 12mo.

Anatomie humaine et canine. Par Rene-Jacques Croissant de Garengeot. 12mo.
Johann H. Zorns Petino-Theologie. 12mo.

Histoire naturelle des Abeilles. 2 vols. 12mo. (Bazin.)

Abrege de PHistoire des Insectes pour servir de suite a Phist. nat. des Abeilles.
6 vols. 12mo. (Bazin.)

Opuscules ou Traites divers et curieux en Medecine. Par M. Francis Rankin.
12mo.

Castorologia, explicans Castoris Animalis naturarn et usum medico-chemicum.
A. Johanne Marid. 12mo.

Grundliche Anweisung alle Arten Vogel Von Joseph M. Jagdlust. 12mo.
Fisica animale e vegetabile del Sig. Abati Spallanzani. 3 vols. 12mo.

Des Maladies occasionnes par les promptes et frequentes variations de l’air.
Par M. Jos. Rankin. 12mo.

Lapis Lydius philosophico-pyrotechnicus ad Ossium Fossilium Docimasiam.
Ab. J. Samuel Carl. 12mo.

J. Ant. Scopoli Dissertationes ad Scientiam naturalem pertinentes. 12mo.

De Vermibus in Lepra obviis, &c. Auctore J. A. Murray. 12mo.
Lepidopterologische Anfangsgrunde zum Gebrauch angebender Schmetterling-
sammler. Von C. P. Pezold. 12mo.

Observationes physico-medicales sur les Vers qui se formant dans les Intes¬
tines, &c. Par M. Van Dceveren. 12mo.

Recherches philosophiques sur les Americaines. Par M. de P***. 12mo.

2 vols.

Versuch einer Naturgeschichte des Hamsters. Von F. G. Sulzer. 12mo.
Joannis Caii Britanni de Canibus Britannicis, de rariorum animalium et stir-
pium historia. Svo.

Nouvelle histoire de PAfrique Franqoise. Par M. PAbbe Demanet, 2 vols.
12mo.

Histoire des Metamorphoses humaines et des Monstruosites. Par A. Debay.
12mo.

Tossicologia pratica del Prof. Orfila. Ultima ed. Napolitana, dal Dr. Perrone.
2 vols. 12mo.

La Scienza Selvana ad uso de Forestale di M. Tondi. 3 vols. 8vo.

Ueber einige Insektenarten. Von E. H. von Gierstorpff. 8vo.

De la Phrenologie humaine appliquee a la Philosophic, aux mceurs et au So-
cialisme. Par A. Pierre Beraud. 8vo.

Lexicon Entomologicum. Von Christian H. Moller. 8vo.

Grundriss der Zoologie. Von August Goldfuss. 8vo.

Thom* Bartholini Anatome quartum renovata. 8vo.

Geognostiche Versuche von M. von Englehardt und Karl von Raumer. 8vo.
Viaggio da Gerusalemme per le Coste della Soria. (P. G. Mariti.) Svo.
Francisci de Paula Schrank Enumeratio Insectorum Austrioe indigenorum. Svo.
Melittotheologia. Von Adam Gott. Schirach. 8vo.

Observations on the Natural History, Climate and Diseases of Madeira. By
Wm. Gourlay, M. D. 8vo.

Gattungen der Fliegen. Von J. R. Schellenberg. 8vo.

XXII.

Grundriss einer Zootomischen Beschreibung der landwirthschaftlichen Thiere.
Von Dr. J. D. Busch. 8vo.

J. P. Eberhard’s Abhandlung von dem Urspung der Perle. l2mo.

The Cottager’s Manual for the Management of Bees. By Robert Huish. 2d
ed. 12mo.

J. B. F. Blumenbachs uber die Naturlichen Verschiedenbeiten im Menschen-
geschichte. Von J. G. Gruber. 12mo.

Peter Camper over den Naturlichen Unterschied der Gesichtsziige in Men-
schen. 4to.

Der Herren Perrault, Charras und Dodarts Abhandlungen zur Naturgeschichte
der Thiere und Pflanzen. 3 vols. 4to.

Tableau synoptique des Races Humaines.

June 1st.

Maps of Hell Gate ; South side of Long Island, No. 1 ; Entrance to Mobile
Bay ; Hart and City Island and Sachem’s Head Harbors ; and Richmond Island.
From the U. S. Treasury Department, through Professor A. D. Bache.

The Classification of Mankind by the hair and wool of their heads ; with the
nomenclature of human hybrids. By Peter A. Browne, LL.D. From the
Author.

Journal d’Agriculture ou Transactions de la Soc. d’Agriculture du Bas-Canada.
Vol. 5, No. 5. From the Society.

A Synopsis of the Family of Naiades. By Isaac Lea. 3d edition, 4to. From
the Author.

Observations on the Genus Unio. By Isaac Lea. Vol. 5, 4to. From the
Author.

On the fossil footmarks of the Red Sandstone of Pottsville, Pennsylvania. By
Isaac Lea. From the Author.

On a Fossil Saurian of the New Red Sandstone Formation of Pennsylvania.
By Isaac Lea. From the Author.

The Philosophical History and Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences of
Paris. 5 vols. 8vo. By J. Martyn and E. Chambers. From Mr. George Ord.

The Chinese Repository. Vols. 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, 16, 8vo. From Dr. J. L.
Burtt.

Dr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition :

History of British Mollusca and their Shells. By Forbes and Hanley.
Part 46.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History, May, 1852.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1852, No. 3.

London, Dublin and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, May, 1852.

Neuste schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig. Vols. 1, 2, 3,
and part 2 vol. 4,4to.

Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. Vol. 9, part 2, 4to.
Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Part 107.

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. 2d series part 15.
The London Athenaeum for April, 1852.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 34, Nos. 13 to 17.

Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. Von C. H.
Kiister. Nos. 101 — 105.

Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 3me serie. Botanique, Vol. 13 Nos. 7 — 12 ;
vol. 14 Nos. 1 — 6.

Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie. Von Menke und Pfeiffer. 1851 No. 12,
1852 Nos. 1 and 2.

Palaeontologie Frangaise, Par Alcide d’Orbigny, No. 168.

Contributions to Ornithology. By Sir Wm. Jardine. 1851, pts. 5 and 6.
Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie. Von C. T. V. Siebold und A.
Kolliker. 3d vol. Nos. 1 — 4.

Handbuch der bestimmenden Mineralogie. Von W. Haidinger. 8vo.
Handbuch der Mineralogie. Von J. F. L. Hausman. 2 vols. 8vo.
Volstandigen Handbuch der Mineralogie. Von August Breithaupt. 2 vols. 8vo.

xxm.

Die Deutschen und die Nachbarstammer. Von Kaspar Zeuss. 8vo.

Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Conti¬
nent in 1799 — 1804. By Alex, de Humboldt and Aime Bonpland. Translated
by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. Svo.

System der Vergleichenden Anatomie. Von J. F. Meckel. 6 vols. 8vo.
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 13,
part 1, 8vo.

A history of New South Wales, from its settlement to the close of 1S44. By
Thos. H. Braim, Esq. 2 vols., 8vo.

Sammlung ausserlesener Vogel und Schmetterlinge. Von J. Hubner. 8vo.
Beytriige zur Anthropologie und allgemeinen Naturgeschichte von D. Karl
Rudolphi. 8vo.

Handworterbuch des Chemischen Thiels der Mineralogie. Von C. F. Ram-
melsberg. 2 vols., 8vo.

Erstes, 2s., 3s. und 4s. supplement zu dem Handworterbuch der Mineralogie.
Von C. F. Rammelsburg. 8vo.

Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge. Von Jacob Hubner. 8vo.

The present state of the Cape of Good Hope, written originally in high Ger¬
man by Peter Kolben ; translated by Mr. Medley. 2 vols., 8vo.

Nomenclator Entomologicus : Verzeichniss der Europaischen Insecten. Von
Dr. Herrich-SchafFer. Nos. 1 and 2. 12mo.

Gemeinitzige Naturgeschichte Deutschlands nach alien drey Reichen. 4
vols. 8vo.

Knight’s Monthly Volumes. 12mo. 18 vols.

Die Saugethiere in Albildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen von J. C.
D. Von Schreber; Fortgesetzt von Dr. J. A. Wagner. 7 vols., 4to. and 4 Sup¬
plements.

June 8 th.

Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. Vol. 7, No. 27. From
the Society.

Annual Report of the Trustees of the New York State Library, (1852.) From
the Trustees.

Handbuch der Botanischen Terminologie und Systemkunde. Von Dr. G. W.
BischofF. 4to. From Mr. Wm. Gries, of Reading, Penn.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the usual condition : —
Handbuch der allgemeinen Anatomie des Menschen und der Haussaugethiere.
Von Fr. Gerber. 8vo.

Exotic Butterflies ; illustrations of new species from the collections of Messrs.
Saunders and Hewitson. By W. C. Hewitson. 4to.

Memoires de l’Acad. Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersburg. Vol. 6. Nos.
4, 5, 6.

Beobachtungen fiber die electrischen Wirkungen des Zitter-Aales. Von C.
F. Schonbein.

Systema Helminthum. Auctore C. M. Diesing. Vol. 2. 8vo.

Musci Exotici. By William Hooker. 2 vols. 8vo.

System der Histologie. Von Carl F. Heusinger. Vol. 1. Nos. 1 and 2. 4to.
Beitrage zur kenntniss dei Naturgeschichte der Vogel mit besonderer
beziehung auf Skeletbau und Vergleichende Zoologie. Von Dr. J. F. Brandt. 4to.

Lepidosiren paradoxa. Anatomisch Untersucht und beschreiben durch Dr. T.
L. W. BischofF. 4to.

Die Lehre von den Ur-und Racen-formen der Schadel und Becken des Menschen.
Von Dr. M. J. Weber. 4to.

Phycologia generalis. Von F. T. Kiitzing. 4to.

The Sportsman’s Cabinet, (by Reinagle.) 4to.

Arctic Zoology. By Thos. Pennant. 3 vols. 4to.

Morsels of Criticism. By Edward King. 3 vols. 8vo.

Samuelis Bocharti Geographia Sacra. Ed. 3ta. 3 vols. 4to.

xxiv.

Voyages dans la Basse et la Haute Egy.pte pendant les campagnes de Bonaparte
en 1798 et 1799. Par Vivant Denon. 2 vols. 4to. and Atlas folio.

De Glandularum Secernentium structura. Ab J. Mueller. Folio.

De Oculorum Hominis Animaliumque sectione horizontali commentatio. Ab
D. W. Soemmering. Folio.

Das Saugadersystem der Wirbelthiere. Von Vincenz Fohmann. lste heft.
Folio.

Tabulae Anatomiam Comparativam illustrantes quas exhibuit C. G. Carus.
Parts 1 to 7. Folio.

Ichthyotomische Tafeln, von Dr. F. Rosenthal. Folio.

B. Gottlob Schreger de Bursis mucosis subcutaneis. Folio.

Geschichte europaischer Schmetterlinge gesammelt von Jacob Hubner. 3 vols.
4to. ; Sammlung europaischer Schmetterlinge, 5 vols. 4to. ; Sammlung
exotischer Schmetterlinge, 3 vols. 4to. ; Zutrage zur Sammlung exotischer
Schmetterlinge, 2 vols. 4to.

Systematische Bearbitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa, zuglich als Text,
Revision und Supplement zu J. Hubner’s Sammlung europaischer Schmetterlinge;
von Dr. G. A. W. Herrick-Schaffer. 8 vols. 4to.

C. Cornelius Tacitus de Moribus Germanorum et de Vita Agricolae. Ex. edit.
G. Brotier. 8vo.

Die Menschenrassen von Dr. G. F. Eberhard.

De vesica aerea Piscium. Ab. H. S. R. Jacobi.

De Capitis ossei Esocis Lucii structiira singulari. Ab E. Arendt.

List of Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 1.

June 15th.

Contributions to Ornithology. By Sir Wm. Jardine. Part 4 for 1851. From
Mr. Wm. Strickland.

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Nos. 5, 6, 7, 11 and 12,
of vol. 5 ; No. 1, vol. 6. From the Editor. •

Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. No. 30. From the
Society.

Annual Address before the Geological Society of London, 20th Feb., 1852.
By W. Hopkins. From the author.

Causes which have produced changes in the earth’s superficial temperature.
By Wm. Hopkins; From the Author.

Memoire sur les Depots Metalliferes de la Swede et de la Norvege ; Memoire
sur la distribution dans la plaine du Rhin et sur l’extraction de ce metal ; Sur le
gisement, la constitution et l’origine des amas de Minerai de Fer ; Sur la forma¬
tion journaliere du Minerai de Fer des Marais et des Lacs; Sur le phenomene
erratique du Nord de l’Europe. Par M. A. Daubree. From the Author.

Dr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition : —

Cours elementaire de Paleontologie et de Geologie Stratigraphiques. Par M.
Alcide D’Orbigny. Tome 2, fascic. 2. 12mo.

Prodrome de Paleontologie Stratigraphique Universelle' des animaux Mol-
lusques et rayonnes. Par M. D’Orbigny. Vol. 3. 12mo.

Etudes sur les Echinides fossiles du Departement de 1’Yonne. Par M. Cotteau.
Nos. 9 and 10.

Journal of the Franklin Institute, June, 1852.*

Histoire naturelle des Mollusques Pteropodes. Par MM. Rang et Souleyet.
Folio.

The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson, on the usual con¬
dition : —

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Nos. 77 and 78.

Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. New series. Vol. 1,
parts 4, 5, 6.

The Zoologist. Nos. 103, 104, 105.

The Naturalist. Nos. 5, 6, 7.

Transactions of the Microscopical Society of London. Vol. 1, part 1 ; vol. 3,
part 2.

XXV.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Nos. 1 and 2.

Transactions of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius. Vol. lj
pts. 1 and 2; Vol. 2, pt. 1.

Bulletin de la Soc. a’hist. nat. du Department de la Moselle. No. 6.
Monographiae Zootomicae. Auctore J. G. H. Kinberg. No. 1. Tragulus
Javanicus.

Handbuch der Petrefactenkunde. Von F. A. Quenstedt. late. Lief. 8vo.
Conspectus of the Ornithology of India, Burmah and the Malayan Peninsula,
&c. By E. Blyth, Esq.

Report on the Mammalia and more remarkable species of Birds inhabiting
Ceylon. By E. Blyth.

Narratives written by Sea-Commanders. No. 1.

Synopsis of the contents of the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of
England.

Anatomie des animaux domestiques. Par J. Girard. 2 vols. 8vo.

Travels in Switzerland, in a series of letters to Wm. Melmoth from William
Coxe. 3 vols. 8vo.

Recreations in Agriculture, Natural History, &c. By James Anderson.
6 vols. 8vo.

The Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, conducted by Robert Jamison. No. 26.
Histoire naturelle des Insectes et des Mollusques. Par A. Antelme. 12mo.
Storia dei Bachi da Seta governati cor nuovi metodi nel 1818 nel Regno Lom-
bardo-Veneto. Del Conte Dandolo. 2 vols. 8vo.

Allgemeine deutsche Naturhistorische Zeitung. Von C. T. Sachse. l8te- u.
2r- Jahrgung.

Caloric; its mechanical, chemical and vital agencies in the phenomena of
Nature. By S. L. Metcalf, M. D. 2 vols. 8vo.

Deutsche Fauna. Von Dr. M. B. Borkhausen. lr. thiel. 8vo.

Geological Travels. By J. A. De Luc. 3 vols. 8vo.

A Tour through Sicily and Malta in a series of letters from P. Brydone to W.
Beckford, Esq. New ed. 2 vols. 8vo.

Deutschlands Insecten : herausg. von Dr. Panzer ; fortgesetzt von Dr. Herrich-
Schaffer. 80 parts.

Palaeontologia Suecica. Auctore N. P. Angelini. Pt. 1, fascic. 1. 4to.
Catalogue of the Menagerie and Aviary at Knowsley.

Museum of Practical Geology. Third Report on Coals suited to the Steam
Navy. By Sir Henry de la Beche and Dr. L. Playfair.

Catalogue des Oiseaux qui ont ete trouves dans le Departement des Pyrenees-
orientales. Par M. Campanyo, D. M.

Catalogue des Oiseaux de la Normandie. Par C. G. Chesnon.

The Bibliographer’s Manual of English Literature. By Wm. T. Lowndes.
2 vols.

Principles of Geology. By Charles Lyell. 3 vols. 8vo. 2d edition.

Cenni di Statistica Mineralogica degli Stati di Sardegni. Par Di Vincenzo
Barrelli. 8vo.

Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle in 1826 — 1836.
4 vols. 8vo.

Histoire du Chien. Par Elzear Blaze. 8vo.

Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. Vol. 12, pt. 1.
Vincentii Petagnse Institutiones Entomologicae. 2 vols. 8vo.

The Farrier and Naturalist. 2 vols. 8vo.

History of British Birds. By the Rev. F. 0. Morris. Nos. 14, 15 and 16.

June 22 d»

Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 10, pt. 3, new
series, 4to. From the Society.

The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson, on the usual condition :
Peter Camper’s Naturgeschichte des Orang-Utang, &c. 4to.

Spicilegium observationum anatomicarum de Hyena. Auctore C. G. E.
Reimann. 4to.

xxvi.

Betrachtung der Wunder Gottes in den am Wenigsten geachteten Geschopfen,
oder Neiderlandische Insekten, &c. Yon Christian Sepp. 4to.

Remarkable ruins and romantic prospects of North Britain, &,c. By Rev.
Charles Cordiner of Banff. 2 vols. 4to.

History and Delineations of the Horse in all its varieties. By John Laurence.
4to.

Malocostraca podophthalmata Britanniae. By William Leach, M. D. Pts. 1
to 17. 4to.

Treatise on the management of Fresh- water Fish. By Gottleib Boccius. 8vo.

Grundzuge der Naturlehre des Menschen von seinem Werden bis zum Tode.
Von Dr. J. R. Bischoff. 8vo.

Manuel sur les moyens de calmer la soif et de prevenir la fievre. Par M.
Quatremere Disjoinval. 8vo.

La Chasse du Loup necessaire a la Maison Rustique. Par Jean Clamorgan.
4to. 1653.

Nicolai Baerii Ornithophonia. 4to. 1695.

A descriptive catalogue of a collection of Minerals in the Museum of the Royal
Dublin Society. By Sir Charles L. Giesecke. 8vo.

Doctrine nouvelle de la production de l’Homme, &c. Par M. Tinchant. 8vo.

Abeilles. Traite sur les Ruches a Pair libre. Par MM. Martin. Svo.

Traite complet theorique et pratique sur les Abeilles. Par M. Feburier. 8vo.

A succinct account of the Lime Rocks of Plymouth. By the Rev. Richard
Hennah. 8vo.

De Partus causis. Auctore C. F. R. Reuter. 4to.

Essai sur le vol des Insectes et observations sur quelques parties de la meca-
nique des mouvements progressifs de Phomme et des animaux vertebres. Par
le Chev. J. Chabrier. 4to.

Gisberti Cuperi de Elephantis in nummis obviis exercitationes duae. Folio.

Catalogues of the Birds, Shells, and some of the more rare plants of Dorset¬
shire. By Richard Pulteney, M. D. Folio.

Tableaux synoptiques des Lepidopteres d’Europe. Par MM. de Yilliers et
Guenee. Tome 1. 4to.

Essais geologiques et mineralogiques sur les Environs d’Issoire. Par MM. de
Chabriol et Bouillet. Folio.

Practical Mineralogy. By Edward J. Chapman. 8vo.

Reports on the Coal and Mineral Resources of India : and observations on the
Neilgherries. By R. Baikie, Esq., M. D. (In one vol. 8vo.)

Travels through the Alps of Savoy and other parts of the Pennine Chain. By
J. D. Forbes. 8vo. and Atlas.

A Naturalist’s sojourn in Jamaica. By Philip Henry Gosse. 8vo.

The Natural History of Ants. By M. P. Huber. Translated from the French
by J. R. Johnson, M. D. 8vo.

A system of Crystallography. By J. J. Griffin. 8vo.

Notes on the Cathedral Libraries of England. By Beriah Botfield. Svo.

Catalogue of the London Library, No. 12 St. James’ Square. By J. G. Coch¬
rane. 2d ed. 8vo.

De Phomme animal. Par le Dr. Felix Voisin. 8vo.

Oryktographia Hildesheimensis. Ab D. F. Lachmund. 4to.

Thoughts on Animalcules. By G. A. Mantell. 4to.

Sur P Homme et le develloppement de ses facultes. Par A. Quetelet. Svo.

The Natural History of Hartz Forest. By H. Behrens, M. D. 8vo.

Alphabetisches Yerzeichniss der bischer bekannten Schmetterlinge, &c. Von
Conrad C. Jung. 2 vols. 8vo.

Geo. Anton Volkmann’s P. und M. D., Silesia Subterranea oder Schlecten. 4to.

Journal of a residence at the Cape of Good Hope. By C. J. F. Bunbury. 8vo.

Bartholomaei Eustachii Opuscula Anatomica. 8vo.

Catalogue de la collection Mineralogique, Geognostique, &c., du Departement
de la Loire Inferieure. Par F. R. A. Dubuisson. 8vo.

Essai sur l’anatomie et la physiologie des Dents, &c. Par A. Serres. 8vo.

Historia Moschi ad normam Acad. Nat. Cur. conscriptaa L. S. Schrockio. 4to.

xxvn.

Insecta Saundersoniana. By Francis Walk«r, Esq. Diptera. Part 2. 8vo.
Elephas; das ist historischer und philosophischer Discours von dem grossen
Wunderthierdem Elephantem. Durch Casparum Hornium. 4to. 1629.
Memoires de l’Acad. Nationale de Metz. 31e- Annee.

Lord’s entire new system of Ornithology or oecumenical history of British
Birds. Folio.

Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. 43d, 44th and 58th editions ;
and list of specimens of Dipterous Insects in the same. Parts 1 to 4.

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM
In July and August, 1852.

July 6th .

Unio cariosus (young) with the byssus, from Cleveland, Ohio ; Crystals of
Sulphate of Lime, from Mahoning, Ohio ; Papilio ajax; and Sylvia peregrina,
male and female, from Cleveland. Presented by Dr. J. P. Kirtland, of Cleveland.
Anatifa - , from Cienfugos. From Dr. Rand.

Two specimens of Serpula; Gold Ore from North Carolina; Carbonate of
Copper, from Japan. From Dr. J. L. Burtt, U. S. N.

A collection of Fishes, Reptiles and Crustacea, from New Jersey. Presented
by Mr. J. Le Conte.

Three Reptiles and two Millipedes, from Demerara. Presented by Mr. J.
Krider.

A Lithographic Portrait of Mr. Thomas Say. Presented by Mrs. Lucy W.
Say.

July 13th.

Specimen of Sciurus dorsalis, Woodhouse, from New Mexico. From Mr. R.
H. Kern.

Trombidium magnificum Le Conte, from Texas. From Dr. Woodhouse.
Twelve specimens of Algae, from New York Bay. From Dr. Burtt, U. S. N.
Tutenmergel, from Keith’s Rapids, Iowa; and Fusilina cylindrica, from Mis¬
souri. From Dr. D. D. Owen.

Atigust 10 th.

Fossils from the Drift in the vicinity of Philadelphia. Presented by Mr. R.
Kilvington.

Twenty-two specimens of fossil fishes and coprolites; Albert Co., New Bruns¬
wick. Presented by Drs. Chas. Wetherill and Jos. Leidy.

An entire specimen of a fossil fish, new genus ? Albert Co., New Brunswick.
Presented by Ludlow Robinson, Esq.

Fossil fish; Albert Co., N. B. Presented by Mr. John Robinson.

Two specimens of fossil wood, three calamites, elastic bitumen, maltha, and
bituminous shale ; Albert Co., N. B. Presented by Dr. Joseph Leidy.

Two bottles containing a Heterodon and a number of insects. From Mrs.
Say.

Selenite, and three specimens of Aragonite, Creek Boundary ; Cannel coal, near
Jefferson City; and Bituminous Coal, from Verdigris River. Presented by Dr.
S. W. Woodhouse.

Three hundred and nine specimens of European Lepidoptera. Presented by
Prof. S. S. Haldeman.

Cyanite ; Chester Co., Pa. Presented by W. D. Hartmann.

Specimens of the Army Worm, from Huntingdon Co., N. J. Presented by Dr.
Rand.

Rhodophyllite ; Texas. Presented by Dr. Le Conte.

August 11th.

Twenty-nine specimens of Ophiocoma ; thirteen do. of Solaster ; twenty-six do.
of Ophiura; fourteen do. of Asterias ; three do. of Cribella; five do. of Uraster ;

23

xxviii.

two do. of Lygia ; seven do. of Echinus : from the British Coast. Presented by
Mr. E. Wilson.

Three specimens of Inachus ; two of Galathea; four of Stenorhynchus ; three
of Amphidotus ; six of Pinnotheres ; Crangon, Idotaea, Hyas, Porcellana ; from
the British Coast. From the same.

Philyra, Porcellana, from Australia; four Crustacea, (gen. nov.,) from the
Upper Amazon; Amphytrite, Portumnus, Charybdis, Liagonus, Gelasimus, Ma-
cropthalmus, Pachysoma, Dorippes, Eriochis, Matula, Platynista, and Hela;
from Japan. Presented by the same.

Fossil Unio, from Virginia. Presented by Prof. Haldeman.

Three Lizards and two Scorpions, from Cienfuegos. From Mr. R. E. Peterson.

Augiist 2^tk.

Twenty-six specimens of Crania of Birds, from California; a specimen of

Sciurus - , two of an Arvicola, one of a Pteromys, and one of Hesperomys,

from California. From Dr. A. L. Heerman.

Several specimens of Reptiles, from Cuba. Presented by Dr. Watson.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY
In July and August, 1852.

July 6tk.

Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. Vols. 3 and 4. 4to. From the
Smithsonian Institution.

The Economy of Nature. By G. Gregory, D. D. 2d ed. 3 vols. 8vo. From
Mr. George Ord.

Catalogue of the Mammalia in the Museum of the East India Co. 8vo. From
Dr. Thomas Horsfield.

American Journal of Science and Arts, July, 1852. From the Editors.
Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 4. pp. 177 — 192.
From the Society.

On the Osteology of the Head of Hippopotamus, and a description of the Osteo-
logical characters of a new genus of Hippopotamidae. By Joseph Leidy, M. D.
From the Author.

Journal d’Agriculture, ou Transactions de la Soc. d’Agriculture du Bas-Canada.
Vol. 5, No. 6. From the Society.

Map of the Territory of New Mexico. From the U. S. Topograph. Bureau
thro’gh Col. J. J. Abert.

Dr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition : —

London Athenaeum for May, 1852.

C-'mptes Rendus. Tome 34. Nos. 18 — 21, et index du tome 33.

Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. No. 108.

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. 2d series, part 16.
London, Dublin and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine for June, 1852.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History for June, 1852.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. 1852. No. 4.

The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson, on the usual condition:
A Manual of the Mollusca, or a rudimentary treatise on recent and fossil shells.
By S. P. Woodward. 12mo.

Anatom isch-physiologische Untersuchungen fiber den Blutegel. Von D. J.
Kuntzmann. 8vo.

Versuch einer Zoophysiologie des Pferdes und der ubrigen Haussaugethiere.
Von M. v. Erdelgi. 8vo.

A treat ise on the causes and principles of Meteorological Phenomena. By
Graham Hutchison. 8vo.

Traite de la couleur de la peau humaine en general et de celle des negres en
particular. Par M. Lecat. 8vo.

XXIX.

Tableaux comparatifs de l’anatomie des animaux domestiques les plus essentiels
a l’Agriculture. Par J. Girard. 8vo.

Essais mineralogiques sur la Solfatare de Pouzzole. Par Scipion Breislak, &c.
Philological proofs of the original unity and recent origin of the Human Race.
By Arthur J. Johnes. 8vo.

The Ethnology of the British Colonies and dependencies. By R. G. Latham,
M. D. 12roo. ,

Catalogue of Willan’s Public Library, Liverpool. 8vo.

A disquisition on the nature and properties of Living Animals. By George
Warren. 8vo.

Pithecologia : sive de Simiarum natura Carminum libri duo. 8vo.

An introduction to the Atomic Theory. By Charles Daubeny, M. D. 8vo.
The British species of Angiocarpous Lichens. By the Rev. W. A. Leighton.
Svo.

J. F. Gmelin’s Abhandlung uber die Wurmtroknis. 8vo.

Die Basalt-Gebilde in ihren Beziehungen zu normalen und abnormen Felsmas-
sen. Von Karl C. von Leonhard. 2 vols. 8vo.

Traite du Pied considere dans les animaux domestiques. Par J. Girard. Svo.
Commentatio de Mure domestico, sylvatico atque arvali. Auctore Constant
Nicate. 8vo.

Sulle formazione delle Rocce del Vincentino saggio geologico di Pietro Maras-
chini. 8vo.

Dello stato fisico del Suolo di Roma. Di G. Brocchi. 8vo.

History of the extinct volcanoes of the Basin of Neuwied on the Lower Rhine.
By Samuel Hibbert, M. D. 8vo.

Lectures on Natural and Experimental Philosophy. By George Adams. 5
vols. 8vo.

Gabinetto Vesuviano del Duca Della Torre. Ed. 3za. Saggio di Litilogia
Vesuviano, dal Cav. Guiseppe Gioeni. (In one vol. 8vo.)

Caroli Clusii Atrebatis Rariorum Plantarum historia. Folio.

C. F. Wolff fiber die Bildung des Darmkanals im bebrieteten Huhnchen. 8vo.
A Treatise on the Deluge. By Alexander Catcott. 8vo.

Lehrbuch der Vergleichenden Physiologie der Haus-Saugethiere. Von Dr.
E. F. Gurlt. 8vo.

Handbuch der Zoologie. Von Prof. Wiegmann und F. Ruthe. 8vo.

Rambles of a Geologist. (Hugh Miller.)

A Manual of Mineralogy. 8vo.

A geological classification of Rocks, & c. By John Macculloch, M. D. 8vo.
Traite des Maladies Vermineuses. Par V. L. Brera. 8vo.

Das Glozgebirge Wiirtembergs. Von Fr. Aug. Quenstedt. 8vo.

Trattato delle Razze de Cavalli, di Gioanni Brognone. 8vo.

J. T. Klein Classification und Kurze Geschichte der Vierfussigen Thiere. 8vo.
The nerve attractive: showing the nature, properties, &c., of the Loadstone.
By Robert Norman. 8vo.

A Manual of Scientific Enquiry. Edited by Sir J. F. W. Herschel. 8vo.
Storia di fenomeni del Vesuvio. Di F. Monticelli. 8vo.

An account of the Diseases, Natural History, &c., of the East Indies. Trans¬
lated from the Latin of James Bontius. 8vo.

Lehrbuch der Pharmaceutischen Zoologie. Von Dr. T. W. C. Martius. Svo.
Physiologie Intellectuelle, ou develloppement de la doctrine du Prof. Gall.
Par J. B. Demangeon. 2d ed. 8vo.

The Geology of the Island of Arran, from original survey. By A. C. Ramsay.
Svo.

Philosophical observations on the analogy between the propagation of Animals
and that of Vegetables. By James Parsons, M. D. 8vo.

Traite zoologique et physiologique sur les Vers Intestinaux de l’Homme. Par
M. Bremier, D. M. Traduit de PAllemand par M. Grundler, D. M. P. 8vo.

A Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures and Mines. By Andrew Ure, M.D. 8vo.

July 13 th.

Charleston Medical Journal and Review for July, 1852. From the Editors.
On the classihcation of Mammalia. By Charles Girard. From the Author.
Contributions to Experimental Philosophy. By Bennett Bowler, M. D.
From the Author.

Zeitschrift fur Zoologie und Vergleichende Anatomie. Yon Dr. J. Gistl. From
the Author.

Beschreibung des Skelets des dreistrufigen Nachtaffers. Von Dr. Gistl. From
the same.

Dr. J. Gistl Systema Insectorum. 8vo. From the same.

Zeitschrift fur Naturgeschichte, Physiologie, &c. Von Dr. J. Gistl. No. 1.
1837. From the same.

Neustes und Vollstandigistes Handbuch der Naturgeschichte. No. 1. From
the same.

Namen der Mitgleider des Munchenen Vereins fur Naturkunde. Von G.
Tilesius. From the same.

Isis. Encyclopadische Zeitschrift. Von G. Tilesius. 1850. Nos. 1, 2, 4, 6.
From the same.

Mr. Edward Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition : —
Letters on the Natural History of the Insects mentioned in Shakspeare’s Plays.
By Robert Patterson. 12mo.

Elaphographia sive Cervi descriptio a Johanne A. Graba. 12mo.

Myographiae comparatae specimen. By James Douglass, M. D. 12mo.

Essay on the natural history, origin, &c., of Mineral and Thermal Springs. By
Meredith Gairdner, M. D. 12mo.

A. G. Schirach’s Naturliche Geschichte der Erd-Feld-oder Ackerschneckten.
8vo.

F. A. Cartheuser Rudimenta Oryctographiae. 8vo.

An Essay on Generation. By J. F. Blumenbach, M. D. 8vo.

Kurze Anleitung Insecten zu sammlen entworfen von A. C. Kuhn. 8vo.
Prodromi Monographiae Cheloniorum sectio prima et secunda. Auctore A. F.
Schweigger.

Lectures on Animal Physiology. By B. T. Lowne. 8vo.

Prodromus Faunae Rossicae. 1. Mammalia. Auctore J. Dwdgubski. 8vo.
Systematische Beschrijving van einige Insekten van Noord-Nederland. Door
J. Van der Hooven. 8vo.

Recherches sur le mecanisme de la voix humaine. Par F. Bennati. 8vo.
Compendio di Elmintografia umana compilato da S. Delle Chiaje. 8vo.
liber den eigenthumlichen Bau des Gehorganges bei einigen Saugethieren.
Von Dr. E. Miram. 8vo.

Entomologische Versuche. Von Christian Creutzer. 8vo.

Nouveau Traite des Robes : ou nuances chez le Cheval, l’Ane, et le Mulet.
Par V. Brivet. 8vo.

Naumannia. Archiv fur die Ornithologie vorzugsweise Europa’s. Von E.
Baldanus. Heft. 4.

Le conservation des Abeilles. Par J. D. Gelieu. 8vo.

A. De Haen, &c. Tractatus de Vermibus Intestinorum et Ictero. Edidit F.
de Wasserburg. 8vo.

G. T. Soemmering iiber die korperliche Verscheidenheit des Negres von Eu-
ropaer. 8vo.

Caroli Clusii Atrebatis Curae Posteriores. 4to- 1611.

Museo di Fisica e di Esperienze di osservazione naturali, &c., di Don Paulo
Boccone. 4to.

P. F. Gmelin Otia Botanica. 4to.

Georgii Baglivi Opera Omnia. 4to.

D. G. C. Petri ab Hartenfels Elephantographia curiosa. 4to.

Traite de ^education economique des Abeilles. Par M. Ducarne-Blangy.
Nouv. ed. 12mo.

J. S. Elsholtii Anthropometria. 12mo.

xxxi.

De Antennis Insectorum dissertatio prior. Ab M. C. G. Lehman. 12mo.
Entomographie. Histoire nat. des Lepidopteres. Par M. Lebreux. 12mo.
Seven Lectures on Meteorology. By Luke Howard. 12mo.

Ueber das bisher bezweifelte Daseyn des Rattenkbniges. Von J. J. Beller-
mann. 12mo.

Pinax Rerum Naturalium Britannicarum. Authore Chr. Merrett. 12mo. 1666.
Memoirs for the Natural History of the Humane Blood. Ey Hon. Robert
Boyle. 12mo. 1634.

Relation du Voyage de M. Isbrand a PEmpereur de la Chine en 1692, *3, J4.
Par le Sieur Adam Brand. 12mo.

Esquisses Jmtomologiques. Par M. PAbbe J. J. Bourasse. 2d ed. 8vo.

Man and his Migrations. By R. G. Latham, M. D. 12mo.

Rudimentary treatise on Mineralogy for the use of beginners. By D. Varley.
12mo.

The Natural History of the Year. By A rthur Aiken. 8vo.

N. D. RiegePs Philosophiae Animalium fascic. lmus de Erinaceo.
Naturgeschichte des Hamsters. Von Dr. C. A. Buhle. 8vo.

Versuche iiber die Herkunst des Borken-Kafers. Von T. F. R. Steiner. 12mo.
De la Taupe et des moyens de la detruire. Par A. Alexis Cadet de Vaux.
2d ed. 8vo.

Ueber den Menschen und seine Hoffnung einer Fortdauer vom Standpunkte des
Naturforschers. Von Dr. T. H. T. v. Autenreith. 8vo.

L’Entomologie ; ou Phistoire naturelle des Insectes. 8vo.

Miscellanies. By the Hon. D. Barrington. 4to.

Observations on Fossil Vegetables. By Henry Witham, Esq. 4to.

A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean in 1795 — ’98. By Wm.R.
Broughton. 4to.

Amaenitatum Exoticarum politico-physico-medicarum fascic. 5. Auctore
Engelberti Kaempfero. 4to.

De Thermis Andreas Bacci Elpidiani Libri septem. Folio.

D. J. Davidis Schcepff Historia Testudinum. Pts. 1 — 3. Folio.

Travels through Spain. By J. Talbot Dillon. 4to.

Des Vier-Larmands Eq. Olassens und des Landphysici Bi. Powelson’s Reise
durch Island. 2 vols. 4to.

The Creation of the World. By William Cockburn, D. D.

July 20 tk.

Annales des Mines. 5me- serie, tome 1. lme- liv. de 1852. From l’Ecole des
Mines.

Briefe aus Aegypten, Aethiopien und der Halbinsel des Sinai. Von Richard
Lepsius. 8vo. From the Author.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson on the usual condition :

Voyage a la Martinique contenant observations faitesen 1752 et an. suivantes.
Par T. de Charvallon. 4to.

Traite de Phrenologie humaine et comparee par J. Vimont. 2 vols 4to. and
atlas, folio.

Memoire geologique sur l’Allemagne. Par A. Boue. 4to.

Illustrations Conchyliologiques. Par M. Chenu. Liv. 84, folio.

La Turquie d’Europe. Par Ame Boue. 4 vols. 8vo.

Anatomie comparee du systeme nerveux. Par F. Leuret. Vol. 1, and atlas
Nos. 1 and 2.

Anatomie microscopique. Par le Dr. Louis Mandl. Vol. 1, and Nos. 1—5
vol 2, folio.

Histoire naturelle des Quinquinas. Par M. H. A. Weddell, folio.

Traite de Mineralogie. Par A Dufrenoy, 4 vols. 8vo.

Essai sur les mceurs et l’esprit des nations. Par Voltaire, 4 vols. 8vo.
Introduction a PAtlas Ethnographique du Globe. Par Adrien Balbi. Svo. and
Atlas, folio.

Histoire gen. et partic. des Anomalies de l’Organization chez Phomme et les
animaux. 3 vols. and atlas, 8vo.

xxxii.

Archiv fur die Physiologie. Von D. J. Christ. Reil. 12 vols. 8vo.

Archiv fur Anatomie, Physiologie, &c. Yon D. Johann Muller, 1848, 1849,
1850. 8vo.

Traite de Physiologie. Par F. A. Longet. Yol. 2, 8vo.

Memoires de la Societe Nationale des Sciences, &c. de Lille, 1850. 8vo.
Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. Von H. C.
Kiister. 1 Band, heft 41.

Journal of the Franklin Institute, July 1852.

London Athenaeum for June 1852.

Revue Entomologique. Vols. 3, 4, 5.

Tableau Phrenologique du Crane (Dr. Debout.)

De Pinstinct et de Pintelligence des animaux. Par P. Flourens. 3me.
ed. 8vo.

Histoire naturelle des Vers. Par L. A. G. Bose. 2d ed. 3 vols. 18mo.
Annales de Chimie et de Physique. 1st and 2nd series complete, and 3d series
to 1852. 126 vols. 8vo.

August 3d.

Narrative of the voyages and services of the Nemesis from 1840 to 1843.
From notes by Com. W. H. Hall, R.N., with additional observations by Wm.
D. Bernard. 2d ed. 8vo. From Dr. J. L. Burtt, U. S. N.

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, vol. 6, No. 2. From
the Editor.

On the fossil remains of Reptiles and of Chelonian foot-tracks from the De¬
vonian strata of Morayshire. By Capt. L. Brickenden and Gideon A. Mantell.
From the Authors.

Journal d’Agriculture, ou Transactions de la Societe d’Agriculture du Bas-
Canada, vol. 5, No. 7. From the Society.

Catalogus Florae Ludovicianae. Auctore J. L.;Riddell, M.D. From the Author.
Introductory Lecture delivered Nov. 18, 1851, before the medical class of the
University of New Orleans. By J. L. Riddell, M.D. From the same.

Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History, vol. 5, Nos. 7 and 8.
From the Lyceum.

Memoires de la Societe Nationale des Sciences, &c. de Lille. Annee 1850.
From the Society.

Exploration and Survey of the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah. By
Cept. Howard Stansbury, U. S. Top. Eng. 8vo. and map. From the author.

A second copy of the same. From Col. J. J. Abert, U. S. A.

Official Report of the U. S. Expedition to explore the Dead Sea and the River
Jordan. By Lieut. Wm. F. Lynch, U. S. N. 4to. From the author.

A complete course of Meteorology. By L. F. Kaemtz, with notes by C. B.
Walker. 8vo. From Dr. Burtt, U. S. N.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson on the usual condition :

Annals and Magazine of Natural History for July, 1852.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 34, Nos. 22 — 26.

Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. No. 101.

Illustrations of British Mycology, By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. 2d series, parts 15
and 16.

Zur Geschichte der K. Leopold, Carolin. Akad. der Naturforscher. Von Dr.
D. G. Keiser.

Abhandlung fiber die Beschaffenheit und Verhiiltnisse der Fossilen Flora in
den verscheidenen Steinkohlen Ablagerungen eines und desselben Reviers. Von
Dr. C. C. Beinert und Dr. H. R. Goeppert. 4to.

Monographic der Fossilen Coniferen mit beriicksichtigung der Lebenden. Von
H. R. Goeppert. 4 to.

Die Mastodonsaurier im Griinen Keupersandsteine Wiirtemberg’s sind Batra-
chier. Von F. A. Quenstedt. 4to.

A history of British Mollusca and their Shells. By Prof. Forbes and S. Han¬
ley. Part 47.

XXX111.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1852, No. 5.

Annulatorum Danicorum Conspectus. Auctore A. S. Orsted. Fascic 1,
Maricolae. 8vo.

August 10 th.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 4, pp. 193 — 208.
From the Society.

Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, vol. 21, part 1 ; Proceedings
of the same, Nos. 45, 46, 47 ; and List of the Society for 1851. From the
Society.

An account of six years’ residence in Hudson’s Bay, from 1733 — ’36, and
1744 — ’47. By Joseph Robson. Svo. From Prof. Haldeman, in exchange.

Travels in the interior of Africa from the Cape of Good Hope to Morocco
from the year 1781 to ’97. Translated from the German of C. F. Damberger.
8vo. From the same.

Chourtka ; genre nouveau de Gallinacees decouvert et decrit par Victor Mot-
schoulski. From the same.

Report on the Agricultural capabilities of the Province of New Brunswick.
By J. F. W. Johnston, F. R. S. 2d ed. From M. H. Perley, Esq.

Reports on the Sea and River Fisheries of New Brunswick. By M. H. Per¬
ley, Esq. 2d ed. 8vo. From the author.

The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson, on the usual condition :

Notice of a collection of Mammalia, Birds and Reptiles, procured at or near
the station of Cherra Punje in the Khasin Hills north of Sylhet. By E.
Blyth, Esq.

Catechismo sulla piu utile educazione delle Api nel Gran-Ducato di Toscana
dal Padre Gaetano H. Da Buda. 8vo.

Insecta Britannica. Diptera, vol. 1. By Francis Walker. 8vo.

Systema Reptilium. Auctore Leopoldo Fitzinger. Fas. 1. Amblyglossae. 8vo.

Anatomisch-physiolog. uebersicht des Thierreichs Vergleichende Anat. und
Physiol. Von E. Bergn^mn und R. Leuckart. 2e lief. 8vo.

A general history of Animalcules. By Andrew Pritchard. 2d ed.

Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. New series, vol. 1,
part 7, and Proceedings of the same. pp. 97 — 112.

Catalog, der Kaefer-Sammlung. Von Jacob Sturm. 8vo.

Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. 3d. edit. 8vo.

Le Fenix, ou l’oiseau de Soleil. Par Antoine Metral. 12mo.

Notice sur les collections dont se compose le Musee de Troyes. 12mo.

Der Vogelfanger und Vogelwarter. Von D. J. Tscheiner. 8vo.

Reisen in verschiedne Provinzen des Konigreichs Neapel. Von C. M. von
Salis Marschlins. Vol. 1. 8vo.

Allgemeine Naturgeschichte fur alle Stande. Von Prof. Oken. 13 vols., and
Atlas. 8vo.

Travels in South America, during the years 1819, ’20, ’21. By Alexander
Caldcleugh. 2 vols. 8vo.

Venerie Normandie. Par M. le Verrier de la Conterie. 8vo.

Die Schmetterlinge Sachsens. Von F. Ochsenheimer. lerthiel. 8vo.

Des Ritters Carl von Linne Vollstandigen Natursystems fortsetzung von Dr.
Johann Wolf. 2 vols. 8vo.

Bibliosraphia palaeontologica Animalium systematica. Auctore G. Fischer
de Waldheim. 8vo.

Phalainologia nova. Auctore R. Sibbald. 8vo.

Handbuch der Naturgeschichte. Von Hermann Burmeister. 8vo.

Ueber den Generationwecbsel. Von Joh. J. Sm. Steenstrup. 8vo.

Linnaea Entomologica. 6 band. 8vo.

L’Art d’empailler les Oiseaux. Par M. Mouton-Fontenille. 8vo.

Saggio di fenomeni antropologici relativi al tremuoto. Dali’ Ab*** S***. 8vo.

An enquiry into the natural history, medical properties, &c., of the Rock Oil,
or green mineral Naphtha of Barbadoes. By C. H. Wilkinson, M. D. 8vo.

XXXIV.

Observations on the Zoonomia of Erasmus Darwin, M. D. By Thomas Brown,
Esq. 8vo.

Memoires de l’Academie des Sciences, &c., de Dijon. 1819, ’20, ’24, ’25, ’27,
’29, ’38 and ’41.

Wurtembergische naturwissenschaftliche Jahreshefte. 1845, 1851.

Maria Syhilla Meriaen over de voortteeling en Wonderbaerlyke Veranderingen
der Surinamsche Iusecten. De Europische Insecten door M. S. Meiian, (in one
vol. folio.)

Histoire des Insectes de l’Europe par Marie Sibille Merian. Traduite du Hol-
landois en Francois par Jean Marrett. Folio.

Planches coloriees des Oiseaux de la Belgique et de leurs oeufs. Par Ch. F.
Dubois. Nos. 1 — 10. 8vo.

August 2\th.

Naturgeschichte der Insekten. Von P. Fr. Bouche. l8te lief. 8vo.

Die Gebirge des Konigreichs Wurtemberg in besonderer Beziehung und
Halurgie. Von Friedrich von Alberti. 8vo.

Grundziige der philosophischen Botanik von F. T. Kiitzing. 1 band. 8vo.

An account of animal secretion, the quantity of blood in the humane body, and
muscular motion. By James Keill, M. D. Svo. 1708.

Zoologia Medicinalis Hibernica. By James Keogh. 8vo.

Abrege de Geologie. Par J. Andre de Luc. 8vo.

Helvetische Zoologie. Von George L. Hartmann. 8vo.

Nouveau manuel complet de l’observateur du Microscope. Par M. Dujardin.
8vo., and Atlas.

Monographic des Hundes. Von Theodore Getz. 8vo.

Fish in rivers and streams. By G. Boccius. Svo.

Untersuchungen fiber den Flug der Vogel. Von J. J. Prechtl. 8vo.

De Balaena et Calamosyringe. Additamenta ad Saxoniae Palaeologiam dua
scripsit Dr. A. Petzholdt.

Godofredi Bidloo observatio de animalculis in ovi^io aliorumque animan-
tium hepate detectis. 4to.

Outlines of the natural history of Ireland and Great Britain. By John Berken-
horst, M. D. 3 vols. 8vo.

Taxidermie. Von J. Fr. Naumann. 8vo.

The natural history of the Silk-worm. 2d edition. By John Murray. 8vo.

Description des Microscopes achromatiques simplifies. Par N. P. Lerebours.
2d ed. 8vo.

J. Karl Wm. Illiger’s versuch einer systematischen vollstandigen Termino-
logie fur die Thierreich und Pflanzenreich. 8vo.

Graptolites de Boheme. Par Joachim Barrande.

On the ventilation of mines. By Benjamin Gibbons. 8vo.

Human longevity. By James Easton. Svo.

Relazioni d’alcuni viazzi fatti in diversa parti della Toscana dal Dr. Gio. Tar-
gioni Tozzetti. Ed. 2da. 12 vols. 8vo.

Leonharti Rauwolfen des Arzney Doctorn und bestelten Medici zu Augspuig.
4to.

Die Kafer der Mark Brandenberg beschreiben von W. F. Erichson. 1 band.
4to.

Handbog i Physiologien. Af D. F. Eschricht. 8vo.

A Theatre of political Flying-Insects, wherein especially the nature, w'orth,
&c., of the Bee is discovered and described. By Samuel Purchas. 4to.

Anleitung zum Gebranche des Mikroskops fur Aerzte, Naturforscher und
Freunde der Natur. Von Dr. A. Moser. 8vo.

Joyfull newes out of the newe found worlde. By J. Frampton. 4to. 1577.

M. D. S. Buttner’s Rudera Diluvii Testes. 4to.

De Myriapodum partibus genitalibus. Auctore Dr. F. Stein. Folio.

Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Turbellarien. Von Dr. Max. Sig. Shultze.
late, abtheilung. 4to.

Beytrage zur Geschichte der Vogel. Von J. F. von Jacquin. 4to.

XXXV.

Specimina Zoologica Mozambrica cura J. Jos. Bianconi. Nos. 1 — 3. 4to.
Ueber den Raupenfraup und Bindbruck in den K. Preuss. Forsten in den
Jahren 1791 — 1794. Von C. W. Hennert. 4to.

Zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Kiemenwiirmer. Von Dr. Adolph Ed.
Grube. 4to.

Anatomische Untersuchungen fiber die Edentaten. Von Win. Von Rapp.
2d ed. 4to.

D. C. Christ. Schmeidel descriptio Itineris per Helvetiam, Galliam et Germa¬
nise partem, an. 1773, 1774. 4to.

Narrative of a Journey into Khorasan in the years 1821, 1822. By Jas. B.
Fraser. 4to.

De fabrica et usu Antennarum in Insectis. Auctore W. F, Erichson.

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM
In September and October, 1852.

September 1th.

Fifty-eight specimens, comprising thirty-four species of Crustacea, from
Moreton Bay, Australia ; Boltonia Australis from New Zealand ; two species of
Hippocampus from the Mediterranean and coast of Africa ; three specimens of
Dipsas nodosus, from China ; twenty-four specimens of 17 species of Shells
from various localities ; Rostellaria ampla, and 18 fossils from the Bennett col¬
lection. Presented by Mr. Edward Wilson.

Thirty-one Sterna of Birds. Presented by M. Verreaux, of Paris.

Five Sterna of Birds. Presented by M. de la Berge, of Paris.

Two Eggs of Faldo Eleanorae, from Algiers. From Gen. Levaillant, of Paris.

Several British Zoophytes. From Mr. M’Andrew, of England.

Two specimens of Ardea minuta, one of Cuculus glandularius, one of Otus
brachyotus, one of Circus aeruginosus, two of Gallinula crex, one of Falco sub-
buteo, and one of Circaetus gallicus. Collected by Commander Lynch, U. S.
N., during the late U. S. Expedition to the Dead Sea, and presented by the Se¬
cretary of the Navy through him.

Two Eggs of Haematopus - , eight Crustacea, several fishes from Great

Egg Harbor, N. J.; also several coleopterous insects. Presented by Mr.
Charles C. Ashmead.

Dipodomys Phillipsii ? Hesperomys Heermanni Le Conte ; Pica Nuttalli ; and
three crania ; all from California. Presented by Dr. A. L. Heermann.

September 14 th.

Ninety specimens of 48 species of Shells, (many of them new,) of the genera
Helix, Planorbis, Cyclostoma, Cylindrella and Helecina, from St. Domingo; 20
specimens of the genera Cyclostoma, Bulimus, Achatina, from Ceylon ; two
species of Helix, from Porto Cabello. Presented by Edward Wilson, Esq.

Two specimens of Mytilus, from California. From Dr. A. L. Heermann.

Productus scabriculus, from Tioga County, Penn. F rom Mr. Charles E. Smith.

Forty specimens of Marine Algae, from Beesley’s Point, N. J. From Mr.
Samuel Ashmead.

September 21 st.

Mustela - , and Eggs of 19 species of Birds from California. From Dr.

Heermann.

Tooth of Cbarcharcdon megalodon, from the Marl of New Jersey. From
Dr. George Spackman.

A large collection, in 'spirits, of British Holothuridae and Annelida? ; Crusta¬
cea from the coast of Guinea; from the Arctic Sea (several new;) from Japan

xxxvi.

and from Ceylon ; also, British Shells, Eggs of European Birds ; Egg of Mega-
cephalon maleo, from the Celebes ; Aphrodita and Asterias from the Arctic
Sea ; Asterias from the British coast; Dipsas plicatus and D. discoideus, from
China, Presented by Edward Wilson, Esq.

October 5th.

Luidia Holmesii, and Comatula scabra, from the coast of South Carolina.
Presented by Prof. S. F. Holmes,

A large and fine collection of California Plants, 170 specimens of Lepi-
doptera from California, and 35 specimens of American Reptiles. From Dr. A.
L. Heermann.

Esquimaux Skin Cloak, from the North West coast of America. Presented
by Mr. James H. Watmougb, [J. S. N.

A singularly folded slab of Gneiss. Presented by Aubrey H. Smith, Esq.

October \2th.

Fossil wood, Shell limestone and Shark’s teeth from Parana R., S. A. Pre¬
sented by Dr. H. W. Kennedy.

Ostrea - , From Mr. J. Gilliams.

A collection, in spirits, of Fishes and Reptiles, principally American. Pre¬
sented by Mr. Fahnestock.

Squilla empusa Say, from Rhode Island. From Mr. S. Powel.

October 19 th.

Agate Pebbles, from Buenos Ayres, and Fossil Ostrea from the Parana, South
America. Presented by Dr. H. W. Kennedy.

Two hundred and eighty-two species, including 136 genera of Crustacea;
being the remainder of the collection of M. Guerin-Meneville. Presented by
Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Tropidonotus concinnus, and Hyla scapularis. Presented by Dr. Shumard, of
St. Louis.

Twelve specimens of Minerals from Central Europe, viz., Molybdate of Lead,
Tourmaline in Chlorite Gypsum, Sphene in Hornblende, Anhydrite Anthra-
conite, Epidote, Tripyline, Perikline, Braunite, Pink Apophyllite, Beryl. Pre¬
sented by Mr. William S. Vaux.

A splendid specimen of the new Red Molybdate of Lead with Phosphate of
Lead, from Wheatley Mine, Chester Co., Penn. Presented by Mr. Charles M.
Wheatley.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY
In September and October, 1852.

September 1th .

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, vol. 6, No. 3. From
the Editor.

American Journal of Science and Arts, Sept., 1852. From the Editors.

Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,
5th Meeting, May, 1852. 8vo. Dep. by Dr. Elwyn.

Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,
6th Meeting, Aug., 1S52. 8vo. From the Association.

Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, vol. 5, Nos. 9 — 14.
8vo. From the Lyceum.

Catalogue of Shells collected at Panama, with Notes on their Synonymy and
geographical distribution. By C. B. Adams. 8vo. From the Author.

Another copy of same in 4to. From the same.

Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual condition : —

London, Dublin and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, August, 1852.

xxx vii.

Journal of the Franklin Institute, August, 1852.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1852. No. 6.

Zeitschrift fur Malakazoologie. Von K. T. Menke, M. D., und Dr. L. Pfeif¬
fer. 1852, Nos. 4, 5, 6.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History, April, 1852.

< omptes Rendus, Tome 35, Nos. 1 — 4.

London Athenaum for July, 1852.

Die Tertiiirflora der Neidersheidnischen Braun-Kohlenformation. Von Dr.
Med.C. Otto Weber. 4to.

Palaeontographica. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Vorwelt. Von W. Dunker
und A. von Meyer. 2 band, 5 lief. 4to.

Die Bryozoen der Maestrichter Kreidebildung von Dr. Fr. von Hagenow. 4to.
The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson:

Ueber den Bau des Wasserkalbes (Gordius aquaticus.) Von A. A. Bertbold.
System der Urweltlichen Pflanzenthiere. Von Heinrich G. Bronn. Folio.

Die Labyrinthodonten aus dem bunten Sandstein von Bernburg. Von Dr. H.
Burmeister. lste. abth. Folio.

Descriptive Catalogue of the Pathological specimens in the Royal College of
Surgeons of England, vols. 1 — 5. 4to.

List of Specimens of Skeletons in the Royal College of Surgeons of London,
by John Queckett ; of Osteological Specimens, by the same ; of Reptiles and
Fishes, by W. Crozier ; of specimens of Natural Structures, by the same ; of
Mammalia and Birds, by W. A. Hillman; of Invertebrata, by the same; 5
parts 4to.

Dissertatio Zoologica inauguralis de Tardigradis. Auctore Antonius Brants.
4to.

Die Land-Siisswasser-und See-C©nchylien. Von Dr. A. B. Reichenbach.
Royal 8vo.

The Narrative of a Voyage of Discovery performed in H. M. S. Lady Nelson,
in 1800 — 1802, to New South Wales. By James Grant. 4to.

Oriental Field Sports. By Capt. Thos. Williamson. 2 vols. 4to.

Lettres sur les Revolutions du Globe. Par M. Alex- Bertrand. 5th ed. 12mo.
Catalogo ragionato di una raccolta di Rocce per servire alia Geognosia deli’
Italia. Di G. Brocchi. 8vo.

Narrative of the Voyage of H. M. S. Rattlesnake during the years 1846 —
1850. By John Macgillivray. 2 vols. 8vo.

Beitrag zu einer Monographie des Bunten-Sandsteins, Muschelkalks und Keu-
pers. Von F. von Alberti. 8vo.

Natuigeschichte fur Volkschulen. Von F. Baumann. 8vo.

Monographie der Gattung Pezomachus. Von A. Foerster. 8vo.

A Mechanical account of Poisons. By Richard Mead, M. D. 8vo.

Das Mikroskop und seine Anwendung insbesondere fur Pflanzen. — Anat. u.
Physiol. Von H. Scnacht. 8vo.

Die Versteinerungen der Mark Brandenburg. Von K. F. Kloden. 8vo.
Ornithologia Danica. Af N* Kjcerbolling. Atlas folio.

Proceedings of the Liverpool Literary and Philosophical Society. No. 6, 8vo.
Gulielmi Rondeletii D. M. Libri de Piscibus Marinis, &c. Folio.

Edoardi Wottoni Oxon. de differentiis Animalium libri decern. Folio.

Atti della Sesta Reunione degli Scienziati ltaliani tenuta in Milano. 4to.
Museum Geversianum. Auctore Abrahamus Gevers. 8vo.

Zoologia ; or the History of Animals as they are used in Physick and Surgery.
By John Schroder, M. D. Svo. 1659.

Researches in Natural History. 2d edition. By John Murray. 12mo.

The Natural History of Mankind. By Stephen H. Ward, M. D. 12mo.

A Memoir on the Diamond. By John Murray. 2d ed. 12mo.

Dresdnisches Magazin. Vols. 1 and 2. l2mo. 1759 — 1765.

Naturgeschichte der Saugthiere von Paraguay. Von Dr. J. R. Rengger. 8vo.
Synopsis methodica Animalium Quadrupedum et Serpenti generis. Auctore
Joanne Raio. 8vo.

Traite sur le gouvernement des Abeilles. Par F. Desormes. l2mo.

xxxviii.

H. G. Langs Yerzeichniss seiner Schmetterlinge. 12mo.

Naturbeschreibung der Feldmause und des Hamsters. Von Christian Quix.
l2mo.

Herpetologia Mexicana. Pars prima. Edidit Dr. Arend. F. A. Weigmann.
Folio.

September 14 th»

Handbuch der botanischen Terminologie und Systemkunde. Yon Dr. G. W.
Bischoff. 3 vols. in 2. 4to. From Dr. G. G. BischofF, of Reading, Pa.
Charleston Medical Journal and Review, Sept., 1852. From the Editors.
Journal of the Franklin Institute, Sept., 1852. From Dr. Wilson.

The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson on the usual condition :
Naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen. Herausgeg. von einer Gesellschaft in
Wurtemberg. 3 vols. 8vo.

Zusatze und Berichtigurigen zu Meyers und Wolff’s Taschenbuch der Deut-
schen Vogelkunde. Von Hof. Dr. Bernhard Meyer. 8vo.

Julius Bernhard’s von Rohr Physikalische Bibliothek. 8vo.

Naturgeschichte der Stubenvogel Deutschlands. Von Dr. Carl. Seidhoff. 12mo.
Systematisches Verzeichniss alier derjenigen Schriften welche die Naturges¬
chichte. 8vo.

Repetitorium der Naturwissenschaften. Von Dr. W. Bernhard. 8vo.
Forstnaturwissenschaftliche Reisen durch verschiedene Gegenden Deutschlands.
Von Dr. J. T. C. Ratzeburg. 8vo.

Dissertatio inaug. med. de Torpedine Veterum genere Raia. Auctore J. S.
F.Frenzel. 4to.

Neue Sammlung von Versuchen und Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Ge¬
sellschaft in Danzig, ler Band. 4to.

Onomasticon Zooicon. Auctore Gaultero Charletono, M. D. 4to.

Geology in 1835. By John Laurance. 8vo.

A Treatise on the Microscope. By Sir David Brewster. 8vo.

Commentatio de Psarolithis, ligni fossilis genere. Auctore A. Sprengel. l2mo.
A Treatise of the Animal QSconomy. 2d ed. By Bryan Robinson, M. D. 8vo.
1734.

Die Wunder des Mikroscops. 8vo.

Observations on the Earths, Rocks, &c., for some miles about Bristol, &c. By
Mr. Owen. 12mo. 1754.

Die Fische Mecklenbergs. Von M. Siemssen. 12mo.

Bibliothek des gesamten Naturgeschichte. Von F. Fibig und B. Nau.
2 vols. in 8 parts. 12mo.

Der Mensch in alien Zonen der Erde. Von J. G. Hoffbauer. l2mo.

Der Auerhahn. Von E. Tegner und J. C. F. Mohnike. 12mo.

Micromys agilis. Beschreiben von M. Dehne. 12mo.

Naturgeschichte der in der Schweiz einheimischen Saiigethiere. Von D. Ro-
mer und D. Schinz. 2 vols. 12mo.

J. D. Majoris dissertatio de Cancris et Serpentibus petrefactis. 12mo.
Handbuch zur systematischen Kenntniss der Mecklenburgischen Land-und
Wasservogel. Von M. Adolph. Chr. Siemssen. 8vo.

Conradi Gesneri Med. Tigurini Historiae Animalium. 4 vols. folio.

Kleine Beitrage zur Anatomie der Haussaugthiere. Von Karl B. Briihl.
Observata quaedam de osse epactali sive Goethiano Palmigradorum. A.Got-
helf Fischer.

Horae Ichthyologicae. Von Dr. J. Muller und Dr. F. H. Troschel. Nos. 1, 2,
3, folio. t

L’organisation du Regne Animal. Par Emile Blanchard.

De Ichthyosauri sive Proteosauri fossilis speciminibus in Agro Bollensi in
Wurtembergia repertis commentatur Georgius Fr. Jaeger.

September 21sf.

Contributions to Ornithology for 1852. By Sir Wm. Jardine. Text. Pts. 1,
2, 3. From Wm. Strickland, Esq.

xxxix.

Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual condition:

Dr. Heinrich Berghaus' Physikalischer Atlas oder Sammlung von Karten.
Folio.

Abbildungen zur Berichtigung und Erganzung der Schmetterlingskunde, &c.
Herausgeg. von J. E. Fisher. 2 vols. 4to.

List of British Animals in the British Museum. Part. 9. Eggs of British
Birds.

Museum of Practical Geology, &c. Records of the School of Mines. Yol. 1,
part 1. Royal 8vo.

Journal de Conchyliologie. Nos. 3 and 4, for 1851.

Naturgeschichte des Menschen. Yon F. J. P. R. Wagner. 2 vols. 8vo.
Considerations sur la diversite des Bassins de differentes races humaines.
Yon G. Vrolik. 8vo. and atlas folio.

De l’origine de l’homme et de l’unite de l’espece humaine. Par l’Abbe Fori-
chon et par M. 1 Abbe Maupied. 8vo.

Lehrbuch der Krystallkunde. Von C. F. Rammelsberg. 8vo.

Systema Helminthum. Auctore C. M. Diesing. Vol. 1. 8vo.

Fauna Etrusca ; sistens Insecta quae in Provinces Florentina et Pisana prae-
sertim collegit Petrus Rossius. 2 vols. 8vo.

Beitrage zur Geschichte der Schmetterlinge von Jacob Hubner. 2 vols. 8vo.
Handbuch einer Geschichte der Natur von Heinrich G. Bronn. 3 vols. 8vo.
and Atlas.

Muscologia Britannica. By Wm. J. Hooker and T. Taylor. M. D. 8vo.

Neuste Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig. 4 band. 4 heft.
Exotic Butterflies. By Wm. C. Hewitson. Part 2.

Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indien. Door Francois Valentyn. 8 vols. 4to.

Nouvelles Suites a Buffon. Histoire des Insectes Lepidopteres. Texte. Yols.
5, 6, 7 ; Planches livs. 6, 7.

Monograph of the Rhamphastidae. By John Gould. 2d ed. part 1, folio.

The Natural History of Animals. By T. Rymer Jones. Vol. 2, 8vo.

Twelve Lectures on the connexion between Science and revealed Religion.
By Cardinal Wiseman. 2 vols. 8vo.

Hist. Nat. des lies Canaries. Par MM. Webb et Bertholet. Nos. 104,
105, 106.

Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Por Claudio Gay. Historia, Nos. 19, 20 ;
Zoologia Nos. 12 — 21; Botanica Nos. 17, 18; B. C. Nos. 1, 2,3; Atlas Nos.
22—35.

Traite elementaire de Conchyliologie. Par G. Deshayes. No. 14.

October 5 th.

On the Tertiary Strata of Belgium and French Flanders. By Sir Charles
Lyell. 8vo. From the Author.

Journal d’ Agriculture, ou Trans, de la Societe d’ Agriculture du bas-Canada.
Yol. 5, No. 8. From the Society.

Dr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition :

Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1852, No. 7.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Sept. 1852.

London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, Sept. 1852.
Thesaurus Conchyliorum. By G. B. Sowerby, Jun. Part 13.

London, Athenaeum, for August 1852.

Conchologia Iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Parts 110, 111.

Illustrations of British Mycology. By Mrs. T. J. Hussey. 2d series, part 16.
Comptes Rendus. Tome 35, Nos. 5 — 8.

Archiv fur Naturgeschichte. Yon Dr. F. H. Troschel. 1850, No. 6.

Exotic Butterflies. By W. C. Hewitson. Part 3.

Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie, 1852, Nos. 7 and 8.

Kaschmir und das Reich der Siek. Von Carl. F. von Hiigel. 4 vols. 8vo.
Considerations on the vital principle. By John Murray, 3d edition.

The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson :

Observations on the “ Voyages of Discovery and Research within the Arctic
Regions,” by Sir John Barrow. By Sir John Ross.

On the Garruline Birds or Jays. By Charles L. Bonaparte.

Museum ’Hist. Nat. de Paris. Catalogue de la Collection des Mammiferes ;
Cat. des Coleopteres ; Cat. des Reptiles. 8vo.

History of British Birds. By Rev. F. 0. Morris. Vol. 2, Nos. 17 — 22.

Ichnology of Annandale. By Sir Wm. Jardine. Part 2, folio.

A popular History of Mollusca. By Mary Roberts. 4to.

A Voyage to Spitzbergen. By John Laing. 12mo.

Insect Life. By David Badham, M. D. 12 mo.

The Conchologist’s Text Book. By Wm. Macgillivray. 12mo.

The Highlands of Ethiopia. By Major Wm. C. Harris. 3 vols. 8vo.

A Voyage of Discovery and Research in the Southern Atlantic Regions in
1839 — 43. By Capt. Sir James C. Ross, R. N. 2 vols. 8vo.

New and conclusive physical demonstrations both in the fact and period of
the Mosaic Deluge. By George Fairholme, Esq. 8vo.

Observations on some interesting phenomena in animal physiology, exhibited
by several species of Planariae. By J. Graham Dalyell. 8vo.

A Journal of a Voyage of Discovery to the Arctic Regions in H. M. S. Hecla
and Clipper in 1819 — 29. By Alexander Fisher. 2d ed.

Faunae Suecicae a Carolo a Linne inchoatae pars prima sistens, Mammalia,
Aves, &c. Suecicae quas recognovit, &c. A Retzius. 8vo.

The British Cyclopaedia. By Charles F. Partington. 10 vols. 8vo.

Entomographien. Von Dr. W. F. Erichson. Part 1, 8vo.

Zeitschrift fur die Entomologie. Herausg. von Ernst F. Germar. Vols. 1 — 5,
8vo.

A Journal from Madras through the countries of Mysore, Canara and Malabar.
By Francis Buchanan, M. M. 2 vols. 4to.

Index to the General History of Birds. By John Latham, M. D. 4to.

An account of the Countries adjoining to Hudson’s Bay in the Northwest part
of America. By Arthur Dobbs, Esq. 4to.

Popular Lectures on Zoonomia. By Thomas Garrett. M. D. 4to.

A descriptive Catalogue of Diamonds in the Cabinet of Sir A. Hume. By
the Count de Bournon. Translated from the French. 4to.

Journal of a Tour through part of the snowy range of the Himalaya Moun¬
tains, and to the source of the rivers Jumna and Ganges 4to.

The Zoologist. Nos. 106 — 111.

The Naturalist. Nos. 8 — 13, and vols. 1 — 4, first series.

Nova Plantarum, Animalium et Mineralium Mexicanorum historia a Francisco
Hernandez medico. Folio.

Proceedings of the Royal Society, Nos. 76, 79 — 85.

Descrizione della Sardegna (Cetti.) 3 vols, 8vo.

Fauna Boica. Von J. E. von Reider und Dr. Carl W. Hahn. Vols. 1—5,
8vo.

Encyclopedic d’Histoire Naturelle. Par le Dr. Chenu. Oiseux, lme series,
Nos. 4, 5, 6 ; 2e serie, Nos. 1 — 4 ; Coleopteres, 2e serie, No. 2 ; Reptiles No. 2 ;
Mammiferae No. 2.

October 12 th.

Ontleedkundige Tafeln, door J. A. Kultnus ; in het |Neederduitsch gebragt
door Gerardus Dieten. 8vo. From Mrs. Maria Whitall, through Dr. Leidy.

A discourse on the Soul and Instinct physiologically distinguished from Ma¬
terialism. By Martyn Haine, M. D. 3 vols. 8vo. From the author.

Memoir of Robert Troup Paine. By his Parents. 4to. From Dr. Martyn
Paine.

Map of the Rivers Parana and Paraguay, from a British Government Survey
in 1841. From Dr. H. W. Kennedy.

xli.

Grfinlands Annulata Dorsibranchiata beskreane af A. S. Orsted. 4to. Prom
Dr. Wilson, on the usual condition.

Species generale et iconographie des Coquilles Yivants. Par L. Keiner. 137
liv. From the same.

Mr. Edward Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition :

Schriften der Gesellschaft zur Befdrderung der gesamten Naturwissenschaf-
ten zu Marburg. Yols. 1, 2 and 4, 8vo.

Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesqllschaft in Zorich. 3 vols. 8vo.
Theoria generationis. Auctore D. Casparo F. Wolff. Ed. nova. 8vo.
Bulletin de la Societe Linneenne du Nord de la France. Yol. 1, 8vo.

Annales des Sciences d’Observation. Par MM. Saigey et Raspail. Yols.
1—4.

Kurze Beschreibung der Yflgel Liv-und Esthlands. Yon Dr. Bernhard Meyer.
8vo.

Chasse au Chien d’arret Gibier & Plumes. Par M. Chenu, M. D. 8vo.

Notice of the Silver Mines of Tresnillo, in the States of Zacatecas, Mexico.

A Yoyage to St. Kilda. By M. Martin. 4th ed. 8vo.

Geological Tour through England and Wales, and a brief geological sketch of
the Isle of Wight. By L. 0. Wittwor. 12mo.

On the stratification of alluvial deposits. In a letter to J. Macculloch, M. D.,
by H. R. Oswald. 8vo.

Observations on the Islands of Shetland and their Inhabitants.

An easy method of assaying and classifying mineral substances. By J. Rein¬
hold Forster.

A synonymic list of British Lepidoptera. By Henry Doubleday.

Introduction a l’histoire des Mammifereset des Oiseaux du Nord del’Afrique.
Par Levaillant.

J. T. Klein Berbesserte und Yolstandigere Histoire der Y6gel. Herausgeg,
von Gott. Reyger. 4to.

A narrative of a nine months' residence in New Zealand in 1827. By Augus¬
tus Earle. 8vo.

Genera et species Staphylinorum, Insectornm Coleopterorum familise. Auc¬
tore G. F. Erichson. 8vo.

Naturgeschichte der Yogel Mecklenbergs. Yon H. D. F. Zander. Nos. 1 — 5.
Hand buch der Petrefactenkunde. Yon Fr. Aug. Quenstedt. 2e lief. 8vo.

On the connexion of Geology with Terrestrial Magnetism. By Evan Hopkins.
8vo.

Description exacte des Isles de l’Archipel et de quelques autres adjacentes.
Traduite du Flamand d’O. Dapper, M. I). Folio. 1703.

Hist. Nat. des Mollusques terrestres et d’eau douce qui vivent en France.
Par l’Abbe D. Dupuy. 5cae fascic. 4to.

A system of comparative anatomy and physiology. By A. Harwood, M. D.
4to.

The Natural History of Quadrupeds and Whales. By James Wilson. 4to.
Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili di Gio. Ignazio Molina. 2a. ediz. 4to.
Descrizione di un nuovo Falcone di Sardegpa (Falco Eleonoras,) del Prof.
Giuseppe Gene.

Descriptiones Animalium, Avium, &c. quae in itinere orientali observavit
Petrus Forskal. 4to.

The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. By Edward Topsell. Folio. 1607.
Atti della Terza Riunione della Soienzati Italiani tenuta in Firenze nel Sept
del 1841. 4to.

Ausfiihrliche Beschreibung und Abbildung der beiden sogenannten Scachels-
chweinmenschen, oder The Porcupine Man. Von U. G. Tilesius. Folio.

De Helminthibus acanthocephalis. Auctore A. H. L. Westrumb.

Anatomie der Roehren-Holothurie des Pomeranzfarbigen Seesterns und Stein-
Seeigels. Yon Dr. F. Tiedemann. Folio and Atlas.

The Aureiian, or natural history of English Insects, &c. By Moses Harris.
Folio.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. No. 11.

30

xlii.

October 19th.

Monograph of the Rhamphaetid®, or Toucans. By John Gould. Part 1. Folio.
From Dr. Wilson.

Monographia Cassididarum. Auctore C. H. Boheman. Tomus 1. 8vo. In
exchange.

An account of the Abipones, an equeetrian people of Paraguay; from the
Latin of Martin DobrizhofFer. 3 vols. 8vo. From Dr. H. W. Kennedy.

Geographical Map of the Rivers La Plata, Parana, Paraguay, Sec. From the
same.

Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege. Y vols. 8vo. From
the Society.

Abhandlungen ans dem Gebiete der Naturwissenscbaften ; herausg. von dem
Naturwis. Yereln in Hamburg. Yols. 1 and 2. 4to. From the Association.
Geological Map of Schuylkill Co., Pa. By P. W. Sheafer. From the Author.
Mr. Edward Wilson presented, on the usual condition, the following :

Of the Art of Metals, from the Spanish of Alonzo Barba. Translated in 1669
by the Earl of Sandwich. 12tno.

Leitfaden zum Unterricht in der Naturbeschreibung und Naturgesehichte. Yon
C. F. Nitsch. 8vo.

Yollstiindige Characteristek des Mineral-Systems. Yon August Breithnupt.
8 ve.

De la Nutrition dans le eerie des Animaux. Par Charles Dhere. 8vo.
Naturgesehichte der Siiugethiere. Yon Dr. H. 0. Lenz. 8vo.

Grundzuge der Systematischen Naturgesehichte. Yon J. L. G. Gravenhorst.
8vo.

A brief survey of Physical and Fossil Geology. By F. J. Francis. 8vo.
Catalogue raisonne des differents effects curieux et rares contenus dans le Cabi¬
net de feu M. de la Roque. Par E. F. Gersaint. 8vo.

Zoologische Annalen. ler band. Herausg. von F. A. A. Meyer. 8vo.
Systematische Abhandlung fiber die Erd-und Flussconchylien. Yon J. von
Aiten. 8vo.

L’histoire naturelle des etrangers poissons marines, observees par Pierre Belon
du Mans. 4to.

Amphibiorum Physiologi® specimen primum, et specimen secundum. Scrip-
sit J. G. Schneider.

Esploraeione delle regions Equatoriali lungcril Napo ed il Fiume deUe Am?z-
rone frammento di un viaggio fatto nelle due Americke negli anni 1846 — 48,
da Gaetano Osculati. 8vo.

Abhandlung, eingesandt als antwort auf die preisfrage. Yon H. E. Goeppert.
4to.

Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Corallineen und Zoophyten der Siidsee. Yon C.

F. Krauss.

Naturgesehichte der Fische Islands. Yon F. Faber. 4to.

Beschreibung u. Abbildung moehrerer neuer Fische im Nil entdeckt von Dr.
Ed. Riippell.

Fortseteung der Beschreib. u. Abbildung mcehrerer neuer Fische, &c. Dr. E.
Rtippell.

Beschreibung und Abbildungen von dem in Rbeinhessen aufgefundenen colos-
ealen Schedel des Dinotherii Gigantei. Yon Dr. Y. Klipstein u. Dr. J. J. Kaup.
Same in French.

Anleitung zu dem studium der Conchylienlehre. (Samuel Brookes.) Yon Dr.

G. G. Cams. 4to.

Memoire sur l’anatomie et la physiologie du Gastrus Equi. Par J. L. C.
Schrader van der Kold. 4to.

Eotwiekelungsgeschiohte des Hunde-Eies. Yon Th. Lud. W. Bischoff. 4to.
System der Asteriden von Dr. Johann Miiller und Dr. Troschel. 4to.
Actinien, Echinodermen und Wiirmer des Adriatischen-und Mittelmeers nach
eigenen Sammlungen be3chreiben von Dr. A. E. Grube.

Thesaurus Literalur® Botanic®. Auctore G. A. Pretzel. Fa, eric. T.

xliii.

Die Versteinerungen von Kieslingswalde und Nachtrag zur Characteristik
des Sachsisch-bohmischen Kreidegebirges. Von H. B. Geinitz.

Notice sur les Travaux Zoologiques de M. Ch. L. Bonaparte.

Uebergangsordnung bei der Kristallization der Fossilien. Von Carl J. Loscher.

J. Campi Flegrei della Sicilia e della Isole che le sono intorno o descrizioni
fisica e mineralog. di queste Isole. Dell* Abati Francisco Ferrara. 4to.

Memoires de la Facultede Medecine de Paris. 4to.

Naturgeschichte der Hausthiere. Von G. A. Manski.

Ornithologisches Handbuch. Von M. Orphal. 8vo.

Grundliche Anweisung Kustenthiere, Vielfuske, &c. Von Dr. G. W. Hahn.
8vo.

Ueber das Gift der Fische. Von Hrn. Fr. Autenreith. 8vo.

Ichthyologia, cum amphibiis Regni Borussici disposita a J. Chr. Wolff, M.D.
Naturgeschichte des Eperlings teutscher nation. Von J. P Breidenstein. 8vo.

Justus Arnemann Versuche fiber die Regeneration an lebenden Thiere. Svo.

The Entomologist’s Companion. By H. T Stainton.

Schlesien’s Land-und Wasser-Mollusken. Von H. Scholtz.

Legons sur Embryologie. Par M. Bach, M. D.

Schlesien’s Wirbelthiere-Fauna. Von Dr. Constantin L. Gloger.

Synopsis Terrestrium et Fluviatilium Molluscorum. Ab. A. D’Orbigny.

Fauna Insectorum Fridrichsdalina.

Beitrage zur Anatomie u. Physiologie der Wirbelthiere. Von Dr. Keber.

Systematic catalogue of the British Tineidae and Ptorophoridae. By H. T.
Stainton.

Die Kleinen Schmetterlingsfreunde. Von Karl von Tischer. 8vo.

Abhandlungen einer privatgesellschaft von Naturforsch. und Oefonomen in
Oberdeutschland. Herausgeg. von F. von Paula Schrank. 8vo.

Cours d’Histoire Nat. pharmaceutique. Par A. L. Fee. 2 vols. 8vo.

Neue Einrichtung der k. k. naturalien Sammlung zu Wien. Herausgeg. von
A. Stutz. 8vo.

Denmarks Fiske, beskrevne af Henrich Kroyer. Vols. 1 — 3. 8vo.

Naturhistorische Abhandlungen der Batavischen Gesellschaft der Wissen. zu
Haarlemm. Von D. von Halem. ler. band. 8vo.

Descrizione dell’ Etna, dell’ Abate Fr. Ferrara. 8vo.

Elementi di Geologie e di Mineralogia di Octavio Degli Albizzi. Vol. 1, 8vo.

Vollstandige Naturgeschichte der Ackerschnecke. Von J. Carl Leuchs. 12mo.

Grundriss der Geschichte der Menschheit. Von G. Meiners. 8vo.

Elementi di Storia naturali degli Animali-di Ermenegildo Pino B. 8vo.

Bibliotheca med. chirurg. et pharmaceut. chemica. Von T. C. Fr. Enslin und
W. Engelmann. 8vo.

Descriptive Catalogue of the Anatomical Museum of the University of Edin¬
burgh. Svo.

Beitrage zur Mikrop. Anatomie und Entwickelungsgeschichte der Rochen und
Haie. Von Dr. Franz Ludwig. 8vo.

Hydrologia philosophica. By S. Derham. 12mo.

Zoologisches Archiv., herausg. von Er. Anton Meyer. Pts. 1 and 2. 8vo-

Memoria dell’ Abate Dom. Tata sul’Acque di Modena. 8vo.

Archiv. der Naturgeschichte von G. A. B. Thienemann und Dr. Theo. Thou,
ler. band. 8vo.

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM

In November and December, 1852.

November 2 d.

Achatina marginata, 15 specimens ; A. balteata, 3 specimens ; Bulimus
numidica, 6 specimens; Purpura n. s. ? 4 specimens ; Ampullaria n. s. 6 spe¬
cimens; Melania n. s. ? 9 specimens; Littorina - , 6 specimens. From

Western Africa.

xliv.

Egg and teeth of Alligator - , Buenos Ayres. From Dr. H. W. Kennedy,

Ophiura, from Callao ; Echinus, from the Gulf of Siam ; and same from Bonin
Isles ; Limulus - . From Dr. Ruschenberger.

November §th.

Remarkably fine specimen, feet in length, of Crystalline native Copper,
from Isle Royal, Lake Superior. Presented by B. H. Hoopes, Esq.

Twenty-nine specimens of American Marine Algae. From Mr Fahnestock.

Fossil shell, from Cumberland Co., New Jersey. From Mr. Thomas Fisher.

November 9 th.

Scull of Dycoteles torquatus ; a Testudo ; labial and palatine teeth of a large
fish, from South America. Presented by J. C. Trautwine.

Vanellus lampronotus, from Chili. Presented by Dr. Ruschenberger.

Two Crania of Delaware Indians, dug up in excavating a street in Philadel¬
phia. Presented by Geo. P. Oliver, M.D.

Sciurus Hudsonicus, from Pennsylvania; two nodules of clay iron-stone with
coprolites as nuclei, from the coal formation near Edinburgh. Presented by
Dr. Samuel Lewis.

Two Sharks’ Teeth, eight Fossil Shells, from Barbadoes. From the same.

Vertebra of Mosasaurus, from New Jersey. From Mr. T. A. Conrad.

Arvicola hirsutus, from Philadelphia ; Hemidactylium scutatum and Ophio-
saurus ventralis, from Georgia. Presented by Dr. John Le Conte.

Spondylus zonalis, Spondylus - (?) Chama lazarus, and group of Spondylus

and Chama, from the Sooloo Islands. Presented by Mr. Edw. Wilson.

December 1th .

A collection of casts and original specimens of Silurian and Cretaceous
Fossils, collected during the survey of Iowa, Wisconsin, &c. Presented by
Dr. D. D. Owen.

Sciurus cinereus, from Pennsylvania (mounted). Presented by Dr. Woodhouse.

Mustela lutreola, from Delaware. From Dr. Wilson.

Two specimens of Sorex parvus. Say , from New Jersey. From Mr. Ashmead.

Mustela putorius, var ., from Illinois. Presented by Mr. J. D. Sergeant.

Didelphis virginiana (mounted). From Dr. Heermann.

Ramphastos culminatus, Gould , Trachyphonus serrirostris, Strick ., Cassicus
yuracares, D’Orb., Ardea agami, from Peru. Presented by Jos. A. Clay, Esq.

Collection of Quadrupeds, Birds and Reptiles, in spirits, and a collection of
Bird Skins from California and Oregon. Presented by Col. Geo. A. M’Call.
U. S. Army.

Calliste calliparaea, from Bogota. Presented by Mr. Benj. Blagge, New York,
through Mr. John G. Bell.

Specimens of Ptilogonys nitens, Siv ., Embernagra Blandingiana, Garni.,
Loxia Americana, Lmi.,Ammodromus ruficeps, Caj5i»,Emberiza rostrata, Cas-
sin , Trochilus Alexandri, Bourcier , Larus Heermanni, Cassin , from California.
Presented by Dr. Heermann.

Spermophilus tridecimlineatus, Felis canadensis, Pteromys volucella, Grus
canadensis, Anas acuta, Numenius longirostris, from Illinois. Presented by
J. D. Sergeant, Esq.

December 21 st.

A collection of Plants from Texas, New Mexico and the neighborhood of St.
Louis. Presented by Dr. Geo. Engelmann, of St. Louis.

Fossil Coral, Shells, two Trilobites and two other fossils. Presented by Dr.
Senseny, through Dr. John M’Clellan.

Cranium of Ardea Herodias. From Dr. S. W. Woodhouse.

xlv.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY
In November and December, 1852.

November 2 d.

Denkschriften der k. Acad, der Wissenchaft. Mathemat-Naturwissen. Classe.
3 Band, lief 1—3, folio. From the Academy.

Sitzungsberichte der k. Akad. der Wissen. Mathemat-Naturwissem Classe.
7 Band, Heft 3, 4, 5, 8 Band, Heft 1, 2, 3, 8vo; From the same.

Naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen gesammelt und durch subscription
herausg. von W. Haidinger. From M. Haidinger.

Species, genera et ordines Algarum. Auctore J. G. Agardh. Yols. 1 and 2.
Svo. From the Author.

Lectures on the electro-magnetic Telegraph. By Lawrence Turnbull, M.D.
Svo. From the Author.

American Journal of Science and Arts, Nov., 1852. From the Editors.
Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, vol. 6, Nos. 4 and 5.
From the Editor.

Recensio specierum generis Pteridis. Auctore J. G. Agardh. From the
Author.

Kalander der Flora des Horizontes von Prag. Yon Karl Fritsch. 8vo. From
the Author.

Facts and principles relating to the origin and geographical distribution of
Mollusca. By Thomas Bland. From the Author.

Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual condition : —

Zoologie et Paleontologie Frangaises (Animaux Yertebres). Par M. Paul
Gervais. Nos. 1 — 14. Folio.

History of British Mollusca and their Shells. By Prof. Forbes and S. Han¬
ley. No. 48.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History for October, 1852.

London, Dublin and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine for October, 1852.
Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1852. No. 8.

London Athenseum for September, 1852.

Comptes Rendus, Tome 35, Nos. 9 — 12.

Exotic butterflies : being illustrations of new species. By Wm. C. Hewitson.
Part 4.

A Chart, giving an ideal section of the successive geological formations, with
an actual geological section from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans. By James
Hall.

Mr. Edward Wilson presented the following on the usual condition :
Catalogue methodique et descriptif des corps organises fossiles du Department
des Bouches du Rhine. Par M. Philippe Matheron. 8vo.

Zoologie classique, ou histoire naturelle du Regne animal. Par F. A. Pou-
chet. 2e ed. 2 vols and Atlas. 8vo.

Principles of Scientific Botany. By Dr. J. M. Schleiden. Translated by
Edward Lankester, M.D. 8vo.

Histoire des Sciences Naturelles. Par Georges Cuvier. 5 vols. 8vo.

The Plant: a Biography, by M. J. Schleiden, M. D. Translated by Arthur
Henfrey. Svo.

Elements of Catholic Philosophy. 8vo.

A selection of the Geological Memoirs contained in the Annales des Mines.
Translated, with Notes, by H. T. de la Beche, Esq. Svo.

Comptes Rendus des Seances et Memoires de la Societe de Biologie. Tome
3. 8vo.

A Manual of Metallurgy. By J. A. Phillips. 8vo.

A rudimentary treatise on Geology. By Lieut. Col. Portlock. 2d ed. 8vo.
Natural History. Reptiles. By P. H. Gosse. 12mo.

Patria. La France Ancienne et Moderne. 2 vols. 8vo.

xlvi.

A Natural History. By Sir T. Pope Blount. 12mo.

A Discourse concerning the Origin and Properties of Wind. By R. Bohun.
12mo. 1671.

L'Optique des Couleurs. Par le L. R. P. Castel. 12mo.

A List of the Genera of Birds. By Geo. K. Gray. 1st edition.

Illustrations of Instinct, deduced from the habits of British Animals. By Jona¬
than Couch. 8vo.

Great Artists and Great Anatomists. By R. Knox, M. D. 8vo.

Histoire des progres de la Geologie de 1834 a 1845. Par le Yicompte d’Archiac.
Vols. 1, 2,' 3, and part 1, vol. 4. 8yo.

Insecta Fennica : enumerata a C. R. Shalberg. 2 vols. 8vo.

Insecta Caffraria annis 1838-1845, a J. A. Wahlberg collecta. Descripsit C.
H. Boheman. 2 parts.

Monographia Cassididarum. Auctore C. H. Boheman. Tome 1. 8vo.
Monographic des Antljicus et genres voisins. Par M. F. de la Ferte-Senee-
tere. 8vo.

SulF origine delle Montagne e deiVulcane studio sperimentale di Paolo Gorini.
Vol. 1. 8vo.

Enumeration des Carabiques et Hodrocanthares du Caucase. Parle Baron de
Chaudoir et M. H. Hockhuth. 8vo.

Lectures on the results of the Great Exhibition, in 12 parts. 8vo.

H. R. Schaum Analecta Entomologica. 1. Symbolae ad Monographiam Scyd-
moenorum. 8vo.

Annales des Sciences Geologiques (parts 1-15.) 8vo. Par M. Riviere.

Gaa von Sachsen Einleitung in die Flora von Sachsen von Dr. u. Prof. L.
Reichenbach, R. G. Hofreth, &c. Herausg. von Dr. H. B. Geinitz. 8vo.
Catalogue of British Marine Recent Shells.

Memoria sopra alcune Conchiglie fossile rinvenute nella Contrada d Alta villa
dal Dr. Pietro Calcara.

Synoptical table of the British Ferns. By Edward Newman.
Naturgeschichte der Infusionsthierchen. Von Dr. T. L. G. Gravenhorst.
Abbildung aller bis jetzt bekannten europaischen zweifliigeligen Insekten.
(Meigen.)

A Catalogue of British Lepidoptera, compiled chiefly from Stephens’ British
Entomology.

Ueber einen fossilen Farrenstamm Caulopteris Freislebeni aus dem Zwickauer
Schwarzkohlengebirge. Von August von Gutbier.

Description of a new Species of Helix belonging to the Carocollae of La-
mark. By G. B. Sowerby.

Ueber die Ziege von Thibet. Von H. M. Freudberg.

Ornithologische Hefte oder Sammlung getreuer nach der Natur copertea Vogel,
ler heft.

List of the Land and Fresh water Shells found in the environs of London.
By Daniel Cooper.

Alphabet of Insects. By James Rennie. 12mo.

Die Wartung und Pflege der Singvogel.

Systematised Uebersichte der Vogel Pommerus, &c. Von Eugen F. von
Homeyer.

November 9th.

Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d’Hist. Nat. de Geneve. Tome 13,
Lme partie. 4to. From the Society.

Message of the President of the United States, communicating the Report of
M. Balestier on the subject of his mission to Eastern Asia. From Mr. Charles
E. Smith.

Memoir on the European Colonization of America in ante-historic times.
By Dr. C. A. Zesterman, of Leipsic, with observations by E. G. Squier, Esq.
From Mr. Squier.

Bericht iiber die Mittheilungen von Freunden der Naturwissenschaften in
Wien. Herausg. von Wm. Haidinger. 8vo. From the Editor.

xlvii.

Tafeln zur Reduction der in Millemetern abgelesenen Barometerstande auf die
Normal-temperatur von 0. Celsius. Yon J. J. Pohl und J. Shaber. From the
Authors.

Tafeln aus Vergleichung und Reduction der in verscheidenen Langenmassen
abgelesenen Barometerstande. Von J. J. Pohl und J. Schaber. From the
Authors.

Archiv fur Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medecin. Yon Dr.
Johannes Muller. 1851, Nos. 1 — 6; 1852, Nos. 1 — 4. From Dr. Wilson.

Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie. Herausg. von C. Theo. von Siebold
und A. Kolliker. 4 band, heft 1, 2. From the same.

The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson, on the usual condition :

Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. 4th edition.

Untersuchungen der Schadelformen. Von Dr. Joseph Engel.

Palaeontologische Collectaneen. Yon Dr. H. G. Bronn.

Sylloge Jungermannidearum Europae indigenarum. Auctore B. C. Dumortier.

On various genera of Ruminants. By B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

On the cat-toed Subplantigrades of the Sub-Himalayas. By B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

Thibetan Type of Mankind. By B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

Conspectus Cyclostomaceorum emendatus et auctus. Auctore Dr. L. Pfeiffer.

The Naturalist. Nos. 14 and 15.

The Zoologist. Nos. 112 and 113.

A History of British Birds. By the Rev. F. 0. Morris. Nos. 23 and 24.

Martini Lister exercitatio anatomica. 8vo.

Elements de Morphologie humaine. Par J. E. Cornay (de Rochefort). 8vo.

A Treatise on the Medicinal Leech. By Jas. R. Johnson, M. D. 8vo.

Essai sur l’education des Animaux, le chien pais pour type. Par M. Leonard.
8vo.

Recherches sur Porganisation des corps vivans. Par J. B. Lamarck. 8vo.

Seances publiques de la Societe des Amateurs des Sci. et Arts de la ville de
Lille. 1806—1819. 8vo.

Voyage Metallurgique en Angleterre. Par MM. Dufrenoy et Elie de Beau¬
mont. 8vo.

Zoologie Geographique. L’Homme. Par E. A. G-. Zimmermann. 8vo.

C. J. Schoenherr. Genera et Species Curculionidum. 12mo.

A description of 300 Animals. 8vo. 1730.

A description of a great variety of Animals and Vegetables : (being a supple¬
ment to the above.) 8vo. 1736.

W. Schimper’s Reise nach Algierin den Jahren 1831-32. 8vo.

Martini Lister de Cochleis liber. 8vo.

Art de faire eclorce et d’elver en toute saison des Oiseaux domestiques de
toutes especes. Par M. de Reaumer. 2 vols. 12mo.

The ordering of Bees, or the true history of managing them. By John Le-
vett. 4to.

Essai sur l’histoire de la Nature. Par MM. Gavoty et Toulouzan. 3 vols. 8vo.

De formis Plantarum Leguminisorum primitivis et derivatis. Auctore H.
G. Bronn. 8vo.

Der wohlerfahrene Fischermeister. Von D. J. Tscheiner. 8vo.

The Vegetation of Europe. By A. Henfrey. 12mo.

Essai sur Paction therapeutique des eaux ferrugineuses de Passy. Par M.
Chenu. 3me. ed. 12mo.

Naturgeschichte des Elchwildes oder Glens. Von J. G. Bukack. 12mo.

Kurze Beschriebung der Schlesichen Saiigethiere. Von August Kaluza. 12mo.

Histoire des Membres de l’Academie Royale de Medecine. Par E. Pariset.
2 vols. 12mo.

Gaea Heidelbergensis. Von Dr. H. G. Bronn. 12mo.

A Treatise of Buggs. By John Southall, Esq. 1730.

Relatio brevis physica de curiosissimis duabus Conchis marinis, Vulva marina
et Concha venerea. A. F. E. Bruckmanno. 4to. 1722.

Dissert. Academ. novas Coleopterorum Fennicorum species sistens. Auctor
R. F. Sahlberg.

xlviii.

Description d’une nouvelle espece de Mesange de la Savoie. (J. B. Bailly.)
Annual report of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, Feb. 1852.

Notes des quelques especes de Picinees. Par M. Alfred Malherbe.

Yerzeichniss der Gypsabgiisse. Yon J. J. Kaup und J. B. Scholl.

Monographic de quelques genres de Coleopteres heteromeres de la tribe des
Blapsides. Par F. de Breme.

Quelques materiaux pour servir a l’histoire des Filaires et des Strangles. Par
Charles Leblond. 8vo.

Verzeichniss der in der Schweiz einheimischen Rhynchoten, (Hemiptera, Lin.)
Yon L. R. Meyer.

Synopsis der Lepidopteren-Fauna Bohmens. Yon F. A. Nickerl.

Studi Entomologici di F. Baudi und E. Truqui. Tom. 1, fascic. 1, 2.

November 1 Gth.

Journal of the Franklin Institute for November, 1852. From Dr. Wilson.
Nature in Disease ; an address delivered before the Norfolk Dist. Med. Society
of Massachusetts. By B. E. Cotting, M. D. From the Author.

Contributions to Conchology. No. 11. By C. B. Adams. From the Author.
The following were presented by Edward Wilson, Esq. :

Illustrations of the Fossil Conchology of Great Britain and Ireland. By Capt.
Thomas Brown. 4to.

Disputatio prima topographica de Aurifodinis Europse et Asiae. A Johanne '
Bircheradio Jani Fil. 4to.

A Companion to the Museum, (late Sir Arthur Lever’s). 4to.

Yoyage Scientifique a Naples avec M. Magendie en 1843. Par le Dr. C.
James.

Intorno al sistema Idraulico del Po. Dell' Inq. Elia Lombardini.

Orthoptera Berolinensia. Auctor R. A. Philippi.

Extraits textuels du recueil de documents relatifs a l’exploration des Mines
Metalliferes du Departement de 1’ Avignon. 8vo.

Systematisches Yerzeichniss der Seesterne, Seeigel, Conchylien und Pflan-
zenthiere.

Praktische Bemerkungen uber die kleine Jagd. Yon J. A. Heink. 4to.

Vier und zwanzig Abbildungen verscheidener Hunde nach dem Leben ge-
zeichnet von Magnus Brasch. 4to.

Note Malacologiche d’una gita in Valbrembana nel Bergamasco, di Pelegrino
Strobel.

Notice sur le systeme Apophysaire. Par G. Fischer de Waldheim.

Beitrage zur kenntniss der Amerikanischen Manatis von Heerman Stannius.
Ausfiihrliche Berg-Information. Yon Abraham von Schonberg. Folio.
Ragionamento Istorico intorno all’ Eruzione del Vesuvius de 29 Luglio dell’
anno 1779. Di G. Gaetano de Bottis. 4to.

Memoire Geologique sur les Terrains du Bas-Boulonnais, &c. Par F. Gamier.
4to.

Catalogue des Oiseaux de la Collection de M. le Baron Laugier de Char-
trouse.

Description des Mollusques Fossiles que se trouvent dans les Gres Yerts des
Environs de Geneve. Par F. J. Pictet et W. Roux. Livs. 1, 2. 4to.

C. R. W. Wiedemann’s Uebersicht der Mineralogisch einfaehen Fossilien.

Die fossilien Mollusken des Tertiar-Beckens von Wien. Von Paul Partsch.
Ausfiihrliche Abhandlung von dem Linkschnecken. von J. H. Chemnitz. 4to.
Camilli Ranzani de Naturali historia dissertationes. 4to.

Notice sur la Pierre Asphaltique du Val de Travers. Par Henri Fournel.

J. T. Klein ulterior lucubratio subterranea de Ferris et Mineralibus.

Bedeutung und Stand der Mineralogie. Von Karl Casar von Leonhard.
Preisschrift der genaue Messung der Winkel an Krystallen. Yon Dr. A. T.
Kupffer.

Memoires d’un Americain. lme. partie. 12mo.

La Platine, l’Or blanc, ou l’huitieme metal. 12mo.

xlix.

D. H. Hoppe, M. D. Enumeratio Insectorum Elytratorum circa Erlangam.
8vo.

Hernn Peter Osbeck Reise nach Ostindien und China. 8vo.

Augustule et Belloni, ou entretiens sur l’Entomologie. Par l’Abbe J.
Lalanne. 8vo.

RecherchesExperimentales et Pathologiques sur les proprietes et les fonctions
des Faisceaux de la Moelle Epiniere et les racines des Nerfs Rachidiens. Par
F. A. Longet. 8vo.

Manuel du Proprietaire d’Abeilles. Par M. Lombard. 8vo.

De Gigantibus nova disquisitio historica et critica. Auctore A. Sangutille ;
edidit G. Schutze. 8vo.

J. D. Geyeri Thargellus, continens Trigam Medicam, ex Regno Animali,
Minerali et Vegetabili. 4to.

Lyell’s Manual of Elementary Geology. Postscript to the 3d edition.

On Geology, in relation to the studies of the University of Oxford. By H. E.
Strickland.

Recherches sur les Glaciers. Par Jules Grange.

Erasmi Bartholini Experimenta Crystalli Islandici. 4to.

Notice sur les Mines d’Asphalte, Bitume et Lignites de Lobsann. Par M.
Hericart de Thury.

Etudes Geologiques sur le Department de l’Orne. Par M. Blavier.
Renseignements sur l’Afrique Centrale et sur une nation d’hommes a queue
qui s’y trouverait. Par F. de Castelnau.

A Treatise on the Bath Waters. By Rice Charleton, of Bath. 8vo.

Essai d’Ichthyologie des cotes oceaniques et de l'interieur de la France. Par
M. Desvaux.

Nouvelle Cosmologie raisonnee. Par M. J. Lavezzari.

On the structure of the Iguanodon, and on the Fauna and Flora of the Wealden
Formation. By G. A. Man tell.

Systeme Analytique des connaissances positives de l’homme. Par M. le Chev.
de Lamarck. 8vo.

Olavi Rudbeckii Fil. Ichthyologise Biblicae. 4to.

La Science du Plomb Sacre des Sages, ou de l’Antimoine. 4to.
Disquisitiones de Avibus ab Aristotle. Auctore M. Gloger.

November 23 d.

One hundred and nine Autographs of distinguished literary and scientific men.
Presented by Mr. E. Durand.

Novorum Actorum Acad. C. L. C. Nat. Curiosorum Yol. 23, pars posterior.
4to. From the Academy.

Transactions of the Second Session of the American Pomological Society, held
at Philadelphia, Sept. 1852. 8vo. From the Society.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Yol. 4. pp. 209-224.
From the Society.

Contributions to Ornithology. By Sir Wm. Jardine, 1852. Nos. 4 and 5.
From Mr. H. E. Strickland.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the usual condition :

Neuste Schriften der Naturforsch Gesellsch. in Danzig. 4 band 3 heft.

List of the specimens of Hemipterous insects in the British Museum, part 2 :
list of British Animals in the same, part 10. Lepidoptera continued.

Journal de Conchyliologie. An. 1852. Nos. 1 et 2.

London Athenaeum for October, 1852.

De craniis Estonum Commentatio anthropologica. Auctore Dr. Alex. Hueck.
Geographische Geschichte des Menschen. Yon G. A. B. Zimmermann. 3
vols. 8 vo.

An elementary introduction to Mineralogy, by the late Wm. Phillips. New
edition by H. J. Brooke and W. H. Miller. 8vo.

On the origin and progress of Language. (By Montboddo.) 6 vols. 8vo.

A History of British Birds indigenous and migratory. By Wm. Macgillivray.
2 vols. 8vo.

35

1.

Beytrage zur vergleichenden Anatomie. Von J. F. Meckel. 2 vols. 8vo.
Handbuck der vergleichenden Anatomie der Haus-Saugethiere. Von Dr. G.
F. Gurlt. 2 vols. 8vo.

Mr. Edward Wilson presented the following on the usual condition :

The Naturalist, conducted by Beverly R. Morris. Nos. 16, 17, 18.

The Zoologist. Nos. 114, 115, 116.

A History of British Birds. By the Rev. F. 0. Morris. Nos. 25, 26, 27.
Proceedings of the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club. Vol. 3, No. 3.

Some inquiries in the Province of Kemaon, relative to Geology, &c. By As¬
sistant Surgeon Jas. McClelland. 8vo.

A Treatise on British Song Birds. By Patrick Syme. 8vo.

Animal Biography. By the Rev. Wm. Bingley. 3 vols.

Chemistry of Animal Bodies. By Thomas Thomson, M. D. 8vo.

Memoirs of Baron Cuvier. By Mrs. R. Lee. 8vo.

Life of Rev. William Kirby. By John Freeman. 8vo.

Bibliographia Zoologiae et Geologise. By Prof. L. Agassiz. Edited by H. E..
Strickland. Vol. 3. 8vo.

Naturgeschichte aller deutschen Zimmer Haus-und Jagdvogel. Von C. G
Friderich. 8vo.

Mittheilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern. 1848, '49, ’50, ’51.
8vo.

Scientific Memoirs. Edited by Richard Taylor. Vol. 5, No. 20.

Insecta Saundersiana, Diptera, part 3. By Francis Walker, Esq. 8vo.
Ornitologia Siciliana. Di Luigi Benoit. 8vo.

Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. 56th edition.

Handbuch der Petrefactenkunde. Von F. A. Quenstedt. No. 3. 8vo.

A discourse on Natural Theology. By Henry Lord Brougham. 2d edit. 8vo.
Narrative of an expedition into Central Australia in 1844, ’5 and ’6. By
Capt. Charles Sturt. 2 vols. 8vo.

Elements of the Economy of Nature. By J. G. Macvicar. 8vo.

Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa. By Nathaniel Isaacs. 2 vols.
Hvo.

The Chronology of Creation, or Geology and Scripture reconciled. By Thomas
Hutton. 8vo.

A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia. By Charles Darwin. 8vo.
Naturgeschichte der Stubenvogel. Von Dr. J. M. Bechstein. 8vo.

The Unity of the Human Races proved to be the doctrine of Scripture, Reason
and Science. By Thomas Smyth, D. D. 8vo.

The Earth : its physical condition, and most remarkable phenomena. By W.
M. Higgins. 2d edition, 8vo.

Bees. Their Natural History and general management. By Robert Huish.
8vo.

Falcony of the Valley of the Indus. By Richard E. Burton. 8vo.

Irish Ethnology, socially and politically considered. By George Ellis, M. D.

1 2mo.

The Ethnology of the British Islands. By B. G. Latham, M. D. 12mo.

The Ethnology of Europe. By R. G. Latham, M. D. 12mo.

Encyclopedic d’Histoire Naturelle. Par M. Chenu. Oiseaux, part 3, serie 1 — 1.

December 7 th.

Report of the Geology of the Lake Superior Land District. By J. W. Foster
k J. D. Whitney. Parts 1 and 2. 8vo. and Maps. From the Authors.

Jahresbericht des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Halle. (1850, 1851, and
2 parts 1852.) From the Association.

Charleston Medical Journal and Review for Nov. 1852. From the Editors.
Congressional Report of the Hon. Edward Stanley and Hon. Alexander Evans,
on the Ether Discovery. From Dr. C. T. Jackson.

A Memoir on the Life and Character of James B. Rogers, M. D. By Joseph
Carson, M. D. From the Author.

li.

Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual condition :

Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1852. No. 9.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 35. Nos. 13 — 17, et index to tome 34.
Palseontograpbica — Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Vorwelt. Yon Dr. W.
Dunker und H. Yon Meyer. 2d band, 6 lief.

The Birds of Asia. By John Gould. Part 4. Folio.

Monograph of the Trochilid® or Humming Birds. By John Gould. Parts 3
and 4. Folio.

Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science. No. 1. 8vo*

The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, Nov. 1852.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Nov. 1852.

Conchologia Iconica. By Lovel Reeve. Part 112.

Mr. Edward Wilson presented the following on the usual condition :

Die Fasanen, Papagien und Affen fur Liebhaber dieser Thiere.

J. H. Degneri dissertatio physica de Turfis. 12mo.

L’Etna aep. Cornelius Severus, et les sentences de Publius Syrus, traduits en
Frangais. 12mo.

Le secret decouvert du flux et reflux de la mer, et des Longitudes. Par M.
Cesar D’Argons. 12mo. 1656.

A discourse on Bath, and the Hot Waters there. By Thomas Guidott. 12mo.
1676.

Dissertationum Marinarum decas. Autore Nic. ab Amana. 12mo. 1651.

La nature et diversity des Poissons. Par Pierre Belon du Mans. 8vo. 1555.
Le Jeu du mond, &c. Par Le Sieur Javgeon. 12mo. 1684.

Spadacrene, ou dissertation physique sur les eaux de Spa. Par Henri de Heers.
12mo.

La Geologie dans ses rapports avec l’agriculture. Par M. Neree Boubee. 8vo.
Mikroskopish-anotomische Darstellung der Central organe des Nervensystems
bei den Batrachiern. Yon Dr. Blattmann.

Del Pesce come simbolo di Cristo e Dei Cristiani articoli tre dell’ Abate Luigi
Polidori. 8vo.

Analyse des families des Plantes. Par B. C. Dumortier. 8vo.

Catalogue de livres provenant des Bibliotheques du fen Roi Louis Phillipe.
8vo.

Yon Enstebung, Bildung, Umbildung und Bestimmung des Erdkorpers aus
dem Archiv der Natur und Physik durch W. F. Freihernn von Gleichern. 8vo.
Tableau Mineralogique des Roches des Yosges. Par Henri Hogard.
Observationes Anatomic® de Pelvi Reptilium. Auctore L. E. Fr. Lorenz.
Additions et corrections a la Flore du Bassin Sous-Pyreneen. Par l’auteur J.
B. Noulet.

Recherches sur le Titane, &c. Par Peschier.

Essai sur l’Electricite naturelle et artificielle. Par M. le Conte de La Cepede.
2 vols. 8vo.

Guide du Yoyageur a la Grotte de la Balme. Par M. Bourritt aine. 2d ed.
8vo.

De Gemmis Plinii, imprimis de Topazio. Scripsit E. F. Glocker.

Lux magica physica. Pars lma et 2da. Auctore P. Bonavent Angeli. 12mo.
Histoire et Phenomenes du Yesuve. ParlePere Dom. Jean Marie Della Torre.
Traduction de l’ltalien par M. l’abbe Peton. 12mo.

Histoire des premiers temps du monde, d’accord avec le physique et l’histoire
de Moise. 12mo.

A collection of scarce and valuable treatises upon Metals, Mines and Minerals.
12mo.

Discours philosophique sur la creation et l’arrangement du monde. Par M.
Yallade. 12mo.

Memoirs Metallurgiques sur le traitement des minerals dc Fer, d’Etain et de
Plomb en Angleterre. Par MM. Coste et Perdonnet. 8vo.

Commentatio de Entozois, auctore G. J. Mulder, 8vo.

Recherches sur les causes des principaux faites physiques. Par J. B. Lamarck.
2 vols. 8vo.

lii.

Mineralogie Synoptique. Par MM. Hericart de Thury et Houry. 8vo.

La Scandinavie et les Alpes. Par Ch. Victor de Bonstettin. 8vo.

Legons sur les phenomenes physiques des corps vivants. Par G. Matteucci.
12mo.

La France. Puy de Dome. Par M. B. Gonod. 8vo.

Guide du jeune amateur de Coleopteres et de Lepidopteres.

L’antica Ercolano : overo la Torre del Greco, tolta all’obblio da Francesco
Balzano, descritta in libri tre. 4to.

De Vesuviano Incendio, &c. Auctore Julio Caesars Recupito Neapol. 4to.
Vom Leben der Erde. Von G. M. 12mo.

Jo. Chrysippi Faniani de arte metallica metamorposeos liber singularis. 12mo.
Denombrement, facultez et origine des Pierres precienses ; fait par M. L,
M. D. S. D. 12mo.

Relations des experiences physiques et geologiques, faites au Lac d’Or en
1851. Par M. Neree Boubee. 12mo.

' Ossements et coquilles fossiles. Par MM. Huot et Deshaves. Parts 1 and 2.
12mo.

Antonii Galatei de Situ Elementorum et de Situ Japygiae. 12mo.

Nouveau discours sur les Revolutions du Globe. Par A. de Grundzuge. 12mo.
El Regno Mineral. Par Don Santiago de Alvarado y de la Pena. 12mo.
Relation historique du Tremblement de Terre servenu a Lisbonne le ler Nov.
1755. 8vo.

Grundzuge der Crystallographie. Von J. A. Linhart.

Naturgeschichte des Fasans. 8vo.

Observations philosophiques sur les systemes de Newton, le mouvement dela
Terre, &c. Par M. l’Abbe Flexier de Reval. 8vo.

Geognostische Beobachtungen und Eriehhrungen vorziiglich in Hinsicht des
Basaltes. Von George Christ Sartorius.

Nachtrag zu den Geognostischen Beobachtungen und Eriehrungen. Von G.
C. Sartorius.

Systematische Darstellung der Mineral-korper. Von F. Anton.

Practische Mineralogie zum Selbststudium. Von J. H. G. Rieth.
Considerations sur la Nitrification. Par A. Durand.

Geognostiches Studien am Mitterlheine. Von Johann Steininger. 8vo.
Neue Beitrag zur Geschichte der Rheinischen Vulcane. Von Joh. Steininger.
Die erloschen Volcane in Sudfrunkreich. Von J. Steininger.

Histoire des Tremblements de Terre arrives a Lima. Traduite a l’Anglois.
Par M. Hales, D.D. 12mo.

Enumeratio systematica Conchyliorum beat. J. H. Chemnitzii. 12mo.
Speculum Lapidum Camilli Leonhardi. 12mo.

Historisch Bergmannische Brief ueber verschiedene Gegenstande der Frey-
bergischen Berghaues. Von Carl J. Loschen. 12mo.

Mineralogische Bemerkungen uber die Schillern de Fossil. Von J. Carl
Freiesleben.

Mineralogisches Taschenbuch. Von J. George Lenz. 2 vols. 12mo.

De omni Rerum Fossilium genere, &c. Opera Conradi Gesner. 12mo.
Theoretical table of the most general European succession and disposition of
the Strata and Rocks composing the Crust of the Earth. By M. Alex. Brong-
niart.

December 14 th.

A Treatise on the Insects of New England, which are injurious to vegetation-
By T. W. Harris, M. D. 2d edition, 8vo.

Biographical notice of J. Kearney Rodgers, M. D. By Edward Delafield, M.D.
From the Author.

The following were presented by Mr. E. Wilson on the usual condition :
Palaeontographical Society. Fossil Corals of Great Britain, part 3 ; Fossil
Brachiopoda of Great Britain, parts 1 and 2 ; Fossil Shells of the London Clay,
part 2 ; Fossil Radiata of the Crag and London Clay Formations. 4to.

An Epitome of the Nat. History of the Insects of China. By E. Donovan. 4to.
An Epitome of the Nat. History of the Insects of India. By E. Donovan. 4to.
Fauna del Regno di Napoli. Di Oronzio Gabriele Costa. 16 parts, 4to.

Flora Egyptiaco-Arabica; Descriptiones Animalium ; leones Rerum Natura-
lium. AR. Forskal. 4to.

Versuch fiber das vierfussige Siugthier Reem der heiligen Schrift. Yon D.
Fried. Ant. Meyer. 8vo.

Svenska Foglarna. Af J. Ad. af Strom. l'2mo.

December 2 1 .

Transactions de la Societe d’Agriculture du Bas Canada. Vol. 5, Nos. 10 and
11. From M. Latour.

Wisconsin: its Geography and Topography. ByR. T. Latham. 8vo. From
the author.

Journal of the Franklin Institute, Dec. 1852. From Dr. Wilson.

London Athenaeum for November, 1852. From the same.

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM

In January and February, 1853.

January 4th.

A collection of plants, and a fine specimen of Yaranus - . From Dr.

E. K. Kane, U. S. N.

Sciurus migratorius, from Pennsylvania. From Dr. A. L. Heermann.
January 11 th.

Skins of the following Birds, viz : Ceriornis occidentalis, Parus montanus,
Athene fuscata, from California ; Thalassidroma melanogaster, from Cape Horn.
Also, five crania of birds ; nest of Psaltria minima ; skins of Dipodomys Phil-

lipsii, Bassaris astuta, Lepus - ? , Spermophilus Douglasii, Canis cinereo-

argentatus, Mus musculus (albino), from California. Presented by Dr. Heer¬
mann.

Cercopithecus cephus. From Dr. Ruschenberger.

Procyon lotor ; horn of Antilope oryx, from South Africa. From Dr. G.
Watson.

Lepidodendron - ? From Pierce Butler, Esq,

February lsf.

Three fine specimens of Phosphate of Lead, from the Wheatley mine, near
Phcenixville, Penn. From Mr. Charles M. Wheatley.

Thirty-one crania of Birds, and two of Mammals. From Mr. G. W. Fahne¬
stock.

Meandrina - ? From Bermuda. From J. Taylor.

February 1 5th.

Two large slabs of millstone grit (carboniferous) with fossil impressions,
from a quarry near Pictou, N. S. From Constant Gillou, Esq.

Galena, from the Wheatley Mine, Chester co., Penn. From Mr. C. M.
Wheatley.

Arvicola riparius, Ord. From Major LeConte.

Anota JVTcCallii, Hallowell, and Phrynosoma coronatum, Blain. from California.
From Col. McCall.

Ateles Geoffroyi, Kuhl. From Mr. Edwards.

Nycticorax americana, (mounted). From Mr. W. S. Wood.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY
In January and February, 1853.

January 4th.

Ameiican Journal of Science and Arts, Jan., 1853. From the Editors.
Journal d’Agriculture, ou Transactions de la Societe d’Agriculture du Bas
Canada. Vol. 5, No. 12. From M. Hugues Latour.

46

liy.

Report of the Geological Survey of Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota ; and inci¬
dentally of a portion of Nebraska Territory. By David Dale Owen, M. D. 2
vols., 4to. From the Author/

Description of the remains of extinct Mammalia and Chelonia, from Nebraska
Territory, collected during the Geological Survey under the direction of Dr. D.
D. Owen. By Joseph Leidy, M. D. From the Author.

A retrospective glance at the progressive state of the Natural History Society
of Montreal. By Major R. Lachlan. From M. Huguet Latour.

Proceedings of the General Committee of the North Shore Railroad. From
the same.

Report of the preliminary Survey of the Water Supply of the city of Montreal.
By Thos. C. Keefer. From the same.

Annales de Chimie et de Physique. 3me serie. Tomes 34, 35, 36, pts. 1 et 2,
From Dr. Wilson.

Traite de Physiologie. Par F. A. Longet. Tome 1. From the same.

Mr. Edw. Wilson presented the following, , on the usual condition :
L’Organisation du Regne Animal. Par Emile Blanchard. 2e liv. 4to.
Description des os fossiles de l’Ours des Cavernes. Par Jean Chr. Rosen-
miieller.

Untersuchung zweier neuen Mystriosaurus-Skelette aus den Wurttemberger
Lias-Schiefern. Von H. G. Bronn.

Allgemeine Zoologie in ihren Gattungs-Repraesentanten nach den neuesten
Untersuchungen dargestellt und mit den noethigen Zugaben, begleitet von
Jac. Kaup. 4to. Nos. 1 — 5.

Bericht fiber die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen im Gebiete der Entomologie.
Yon Dr. H. Schaum. 8vo. 1848, 1849.

Annual Reports of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society. 1823, ’24, 525and’42.
The Transactions of the Allelodidactic Society. Yol. 1, pts. 1 and 2. 8vo.
Dissertatio academica migrationes Avium sistens. AuctoreC. D. Ekmarck.
Dissertatio entomologica de Hemipteris maxillosis Capensibus. Auctore J.
A. Arnberg.

Synopsis Specierum generis Asterum Herbacearum. Ab Chr. G. Nees ab
Esenbeck, M. D.

Bouwstoffen voor Eene Fauna Van Nederland. Door J. A. Herklots. Ite.
deel., 2e. stuck. 8vo.

Abhandlungen der naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Nurnberg. Heft 1, 1852.
Planches Coloriees des Oiseaux de la Belgique. Par Ch. F. Dubois. 14 liv.
Naturhistorische Abhandlung fiber die Blutegel und ihren medicinischen
Gebrauch. Von J. J. Knoch. 8vo.

Epitome Entomologiae Systematicse secundum Fabricium. Auctore M.
Gustave M. Henkschid. 4to.

Die Hernn Geoffroy, kurze Abhandlung von den Conchylien. 8vo.

The Wonders of the Deep. By Arnold Vanhaeken. Folio. 1762.

Versuch einer Geschichte und Physiologie der Thiere. Von Johann W.
Linck. 8vo.

Vergleichende Zoologie. Von J. L. G. Gravenhorst. 8vo.

Histoire Naturelle de la Province de Languedoc. ParM. de Genssane. 4 vols.
8vo.

Versuch einer Mineralogie fur Anfanger und Liebhaber. Von Abbe Estner.
3 vols. 8vo.

Bemerkungen einer Reise im russischen Reich im Jahre 1772. Von I. G.
Georgi. 2 vols. 4to.

The Natural History of Iceland. By Mr. N. Horrebow. Folio.

TabulaB ad illustrandam Embryogenesim Hominis et Mammalium tam natu-
ralem quam abnormem. Auctore W. Vrolik, M. D. Folio.

Jacobi Petiveri Opera Historiam Naturalem spectantia. 2 vols. Folio.

January 11 th.

Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. Vol. 8, No. 32. From the
Society.

lv.

Journal d’Agriculture, ou Trans, de la Societe d’Agriculture du Bas Canada.
Vol. 5, No. 9. From M. Hugues Latour.

Annales des Mines. 4me. serie, tome 20, 4me. liv. de 1851 ; 5me. serie, 3me.
liv. de 1852. From l’Ecole des Mines.

Report of the 22d Exhibition of American Manufactures, Oct. 1852, by the
Franklin Institute. From Dr. Rand.

The following were presented, on the usual condition, by Dr. Wilson :

The Mammals of Australia. By John Gould. Part 4. Folio.

Zoologie et Paleontologie Frangaise. Par M. Paul Gervais. Nos. 15 to 18.

Conchologia Iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Pts. 113, 114.

London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, Dec. 1852, and Sup¬
plementary No.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. December, 1852.

Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom. Decade 6.

Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. 2d series,
vol. 10.

Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie. Von Menke und Pfeiffer. 1852. Nos. 9, 10, 11.

The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson, on the usual condition:

Untersuchungen fiber wichtige Gegenstande der Naturwissenschaft und
Medecin. Yon Leopold Chr. Treviranus. Svo.

Lieblingsobjekte im Felde der Naturforschung. Von Dr. Fr. v. P. Gruithuisen.
8vo.

D. Wilhelm Josephi, Grundriss der Naturgeschichte des Menschen. 8vo.

Beitrage zur Geschichte und nahern Kenntniss fossiler Knochen. Von J. C.
Rosenmfieller. 8vo.

Magazin fur Thiergeschichte, Thieranatomie und Thierarztneikunde. Von
Fr. A. A. Meyer. 2 pts. Svo.

Joannis Mueller de respiratione Foetus. 8vo.

Compendium der gesammten Naturgeschichte. Von F. T. Kiitzing. 8vo.

Darstellung der gesammten Organisation von J. B. Wilbrand. 2 vols. Svo.

Lehrbuch der Zoologie von F. S. Voight. 6 vols. 8vo. and Atlas.

Magazin fur Insektenkunde. Von Karl Illiger. 6 band.

Neue Raupenkalender. Von Christian Schwarz. 8vo.

J. Chr. Fabricii Resultate Naturhistorische Vorlesungen. 8vo.

Schmetterlings-Cabinet fur Kinder. 8vo.

Die schadlichster. Schmetterlinge Deutschlands. Von G. F. Freyer. 8vo.

Conspectus Arachnidum. Auctores Dr. C. J. Sundevall et S. Hardin. Part 1.
12mo.

The artificial production of Fish. By Piscarius.

Entomologisches Taschenbuch fur Schmetterlings-Sammler. Von G. L. von
Muller. 8 vo.

Das Mikroskop. Von Dr. Heinrich Rockstroh.

Katalog der Bibliothek des K. K. Hof-Mineralien-Cabinets in Wien. Von
Paul Partsh. Royal 8vo.

Catalogo sistematico e ragionato de Testacei delle due Sicilie di Oronzio
Gabriel Costa. 4to.

Ueber Cochenille am Ararat und fiber Wurzel-cochenille im Allgemeinen von
Akad. Staatsrath Hamel. 4to.

Entomologische Beytrage von J. R. Schellenberg. 1 heft. 4to.

Memoire sur la Constitution geognostique de la Province de Brabant. Par H.
Galeotti. 4to.

Catalog der Bibliothek der Ministerial-Abtheilung ffir Bergwerke, Hfitten und
Salinen. 4to.

Mineralogische Geographic der Chursachsischen Lande von J. F. W. Char-
pentier. 4to.

Beobachtungen fiber die Lagerstatte der Erze hauptsachlich aus den silchsis-
chen Gebirgen. Von J. F. W. von Charpentier. 4to.

Beytriig zur geognostischen Kenntniss des Riesengebirges schlesischen An--
theils von J. F. W. von Charpentier. 4to.

Ueber das Urvolk der Erde. Von D. Aug. H. C. Gelpke. 8vo.

lvi.

Jahrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Von W. G. Tilesius. 8vo.

Naturhistorische Briefe liber Oestreich, Salzburg, Passau und Berchtesgaden.
Von Franz von Paula Schrank und Karl E. Ritter von Moll. 8vo.

Musei Petiveriani Centuria prima. A Jacobo Petiver. 8vo.

Proceedings of the Royal Society, Nos. 86, 87.

Hydrotheologie. Von J. A. Fabricio. 8vo.

Magazin des Thierreichs. 3 parts, 4to.

February ls£.

On the extinct species of American Ox. (From the Smithsonian Contri¬
butions to Knowledge, vol. 5.) Description of an extinct species of American
Lion, Felis atrox. A Memoir on the extinct Dicotylinae of America, (from
the Trans, of Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. 10.) By Joseph Leidy, M.D. From
the Author.

Report of Lieut. Col. Graham, on the subject of the boundary line between
the United States and Mexico. From Col. Graham.

Sixth Annual Report ( 1 8^2 ) of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian In¬
stitution. From the Institution.

Transactions of the Albany Institute. Vol. 2, 8vo. From the Institute.

Catalogue of flowering plants and shrubs observed in the vicinity of Cincin¬
nati. By Joseph Clark. (Adopted and published by the Western Acad, of Nat.
Science.) From the Academy.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 4, pp. 225 — 240.
From the Society.

Annals of Science ; conducted by Hamilton A. Smith, Nos. 6 and 7. From
the Editor.

Catalogue des principales monstruosites dans Fhomme et dans les animaux.
Par N. E. Regnault. Folio. From Major Le Conte.

Monographic des Guepes Solitaires. Par H. F. de Saussure. lme cahier.
From the Author.

Plantae Javanicae Rariores. By Thomas Horsfield, M. D. Part 4, 4to. From
the Author.

Dr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition :

Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1852, Nos. 10, 11.

Annales de Chimie. 3me serie. Tome 36, Nov. 1852.

London Athenaeum for December, 1852.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 35, Nos. 18 — 24.

Journal of the Franklin Institute for Jan. 1853.

The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson, on the usual condition :

Ornithologia Danica. Danmarks Fugle beskrevne af R. Kjaerbolling. Text,
pts. 1, 2, 3.

The New Zealand Magazine. Vol. 1, Nos. 1 and 2.

Appendix to a list of the Genera of Birds. By Geo. R. Gray.

Geognostische Wanderungen im Gebiete der nordostlichen Alpen. Von Carl
Ehrlich.

Vollstar.diges Handbuch der Naturgeschichte der Vogel Europas mit beson-
derer Riicksicht auf Deutschlands. Von Dr. C. L. Gloger. Nos. 1 — 6. 8vo.

Tableau Ethnographique du Genre Humain. Par Victor Courtet de L’Isle.

Anatomisch-physiologische Uebersicht des Thierreichs. Von C. Bergmann
und R. Leuckart. Part 3.

De Ursi Longirostris Sceleto. Auctor H. de Pommeresche.

Eduardi d’Alton de Pythonis ac Boarum Ossibus Commentatio.

Observationes nonnullae in Coleopterce Indiae Orientalis. Ab Max. Perty.

Beitrage zur Anatomie der Entozoen. Von Dr. F. J. C. Mayer.

Descriptio Osteologica capitis Myrmecophagne Jubat®. Auctor J. A. Tuch.

De cerebris Piscium Ostacanthorum Aquas Nostras incolentium. Auctor A.
A. Klaatsch.

Observationes de sceleto Astaci fluviatilis et Marini. Auctor C. E. Hasse.

De Organis, quibus aves spiritum ducunt. Auctor ,Lehmanus Fuld. 4to.

lvii.

Neue Annalen der wetteranischen Gesellschaft fur die gesammte Naturkunde.
ler Band. 4to.

Ueber Entvvickelungsgeschichte der Thiere. Von Dr. Karl Ernst von Baer.
Parts 1 and 2. 4to.

Six Months’ Residence and Travels in Mexico. By W. Bullock. 8vo.

A Journal of a visit to South Africa. By the Rev. C. J. Latrobe. 2ded. 8vo.
Fische aus Caschmir gesammelt und herausg. von Carl F. V. Hiigel. Be-
schreiben von J. J. Heckel. 4to.

Travels in Southern Africa, in the years 1803 — 1806. By Henry Lichten¬
stein. 4to. Translated from the original German by Anne Plumptre. 4to.

The Natural History of Wiltshire. By John Aubrey. Edited, &c. by John
Britton. 4to.

Encyclopedic d’Histoire Naturelle. Insectes 2e partie, series 4, 5, 6 ;
Oiseaux 2e partie, series 5 and 6.

Die Versteinerungen der bohmischen Kreideformation, beschreiben von Dr.
August Em. Reuss. 4to.

Die Saugethiere, Voge! und Amphibien nach ihrer geographischen Verbrei-
tung von Dr. Heermann Pompper. Folio.

Die Versteinerungen der Grauwackenformation in Sachsen und den angren-
zenden Lander-Abtheilungen. Von Hanns Bruno Geinitz. 4to.

Abbildungen zu Oken’s allgemeiner Naturgeschichte fiir Alle Stande. Nos.
2—5.

Observations anatomiques sur la Sirene mise en parallele avec le Protee et le
Tetard de la Salamandre aquatique. Par Maur Rusconi. Folio.

Birds from Nature; designed and engraved by Nicholas Robert. Folio.
1673.

Testacea Fluviatilia quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis 1817 — 1820 suscepto
collegit et pingenda curavit Dr. J. B. de Spix. Folio.

Naumannia. Archiv fiir die Ornithologie vorzugsweise Europa’s. Von E.
Baldanus. Vol. 2, No. 1.

Planches Coloriees des Oiseaux de la Belgique et de leurs Oeufs. Par C. F.
Dubois. Nos. 11, 12, 13.

Synopsis methodica Molluscorum. Auctore C. F. Menke, M.D.

February 8 tlu

Observationes de speciebus nonnullis generis Mycetophila vel novis vel minus
cognitis. Auctore F. H. Stannius. 4to.

Vermischte Abhandlungen aus der Thiergeschichte von Blasius Merrem. 4to.
Klassifikazion und Beschreibung der europaischen Zweifliigligen Insekten,
(Diptera, Linn.) Von J. W. Meigen. 2 vols. 4to.

Grundriss der Versteinerungskunde von Hans Bruno Geinitz. 8vo.

M. F. Ledermiiller’s Mikroskopische Gemuths und Ungen-Ergotzung. 4to.
Kaferbuch oder allgemeiae und specielle Naturgeschichte der Kafer. Von

F. Berge. 4to.

Schmetterlingsbuch oder allgemeine und besondere Naturgeschichte der
Schmetterlinge. Von F. Berge. 4to.

Abhandlungen bei Begriindung der koniglich sachsischen Gesellschaft der
Wissenschaften am Tage der Zweihundertjahrigen Geburtsfeier Leibnizens,
herausg. von der Furstlich Jablononowskischen Gesellschaft. 8vo.

Amphibiorum nudorum Neurologiae specimen primum: scripsit J. G. Fischer.
Prodromus descriptiones Animalium ab H. Mertensio in orbis Terrarum cir-
cumnavigatione observatorum. Auctore J. F. Brandt. Fascic. 1. 4to.

Ontleedkundige Nasporingen over De Hersenen van den Chimpanse. Door
J. L. C. Schroeder Van der Kolk en W. Vrolik.

N. G. Gevens Conchylien-Cabinet, herausgeg. und beschreiben von Fried.
Bachman. Pts. 1 — 8. 4to.

Ueber die Pflanzenversteinerungen welche in dem Bausandstein von Stuttgart
vorkommen von Med. Dr. G. F. Jaeger.

Entdeckung eines einfachen vom Herzen aus beschleunigten Blutkreisslaufes
in dem Larven netzfliiglicher Insecten. Von Dr. C. G. Carus. 4to.

lviii.

Monstra Animalium duplicia per anatomen indagata descripsit, &c. Dr. J. C.
L. Barkowius. 2 vols. 4to.

Die Labyrinthodonten aus dem Saarbriicker Steinkohlengebirge. Yon Dr.H.
Burmeister. 3e abth. 4to.

Das rheinische Uebergangsgebirge. Von Carl F. Roemer. 4to.

The primitive origination of Mankind, considered and examined according to
the light of Nature. Written by the Hon. Sir Matthew Hale. Folio.

Zur Kenntniss kleinster Lebensformen nach Bau, Funktionem, Systematik,
mit Specialverzeichniss der in der Schweiz beobachteten, von Dr. Max. Perty.
Folio.

Gulielmi Pisonis de Indias Utriusque re naturaliet medica libri quatuordecim.
Folio.

Museum Regium, seu Catalogus Rerum quae in Basilica Bibliothecae Aug.
Daniae Norvegiaeque Monarchae Friderici 4ti Havniae asservantur, ab Oligaero
Jacobaeo quondam descriptus, nunc vero illustratus accurante Johanne Lauer-
entzen. Folio.

Micrographia. By R. Hooke. Folio, 1665.

Insecta Laponica descripta a J. W. Zetterstedt. Folio.

February 1 5th»

Journal d’Agriculture, ou Trans, de la Soc. d’Agriculture du Bas-Canada.
Yol. 6, No. 1. From M. Hugues Latour.

Charleston Med. Journal and Review, Jan. 1853. From the Editor.
Proceedings of the Boston Society of Nat. History. Vol. 4, pp. 241 — 256.
From the Society.

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Vol. 6, Nos. 6, 7, 8.
From the Editor.

Dr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition :

Journal of the Franklin Institute for Feb. 1853.

Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Part 1 15.

History of British Mollusca and their Shells. By Prof. Forbes and S. Hanley.
Part 49.

Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom. Decade 4.
Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science. No. 2.

London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosoph. Magazine for Jan. 1853.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Jan. 1853.

Die Urwelt in ihren Yerschiedenen Bildungs-perioden. Von Dr. F. Unger.
4to. and atlas folio.

Fossile Flora des Uebergangsgebirges von Dr. H. R. Goeppert. 4to.
Abhandlungen der Mathemat-Physikalischen Classe der k. bayerisch. Akad.
der Wissenschaften. Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, No. 1, 5, No. 3, and 6. (Completing series
in the Library.) •

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM.

In March and April, 1853.

March Is?.

Twenty-nine Bird-skins, of the following species : — Uria Brunnichii, Puffinus
major, Prion vittatus, P. Banksii, Procellaria mollis, Sturnella neglecta, Totanus
.stagnatilis, Lanius minor, L. excubitor, Emberiza miliaria, E. citrinella,
Accentor alpinus, Anthus aquaticus, Loxia curvirostra, Sylvia atricapilla, 1
S. melanopogon, Ruticilla phenicurus $ , R. tithys, Moticilla alba, M. flava,
Carduelis elegans, Alauda arborea, Chelidon urbica. Presented by Dr. A. L.
Heermann.

Specimen of Nasua fusca ; from South America. Presented by Mr. Edwards.

Testudo carbonaria. From Dr. F. W. Lewis.

Ardea nycticorax, (young.) From Mr. W. Wood.

lix.

March 8th.

Cranium of Phoca leptonyx, from the South Seas. Presented by Lieut. M.
G. Watson, U. S. N., through Dr. C. D. Meigs.

Fruit and leaves of Podocarpus - , from California. From Dr. Gibbons,

through Mr. Ashmead.

Numerous specimens of Cymothoa, and one of Gasterosteus - ? from

Beasley’s Point. From Mr. Charles C. Ashmead.

March 15 th.

Mustela vulgaris, Lepus variabilis Pallas, and nest and eggs of the Chaffinch,
from Scotland. From Dr. G. Watson.

Four specimens of Carbonate of Lead, one of Sulphate of Lead, from the
Wheatley Mine, near Phcenixville, Pennsylvania. Presented by Mr. C. M.
Wheatley.

March 22 d.

Cranium of 4he Auchenia Lama, from Peru ; two fossil eggs of Birds, from
Lobos a fuero.’ Presented by Dr. Jas. M. Greene, U. S. N.

Fossil plant from the coal formation of Australia. From Col. McCall.

Two specimens of crystallized grey copper, from Bristol, Conn. From Mr.
C. M. Wheatley.

April 12 th.

Three specimens of Linaria minor, and four of Cavia cobaya. From Mr.
John Krider.

Four specimens of Ostrea, and one of a Belemnite, from Alabama, and fossil
fish teeth from Georgia. Presented by Mr. Jessup.

Two deformed specimens of Emys terrapene. From Dr. Ruschenberger.
Syrnium nebulosum, from Philada. Co. .From Mr. Wood.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

In March and April, 1853.

March lsf.

A concise Natural History of East and West Florida. By Capt. Bernard
Romans. 8vo. From Mr. George Ord.

Nova Acta Acad. C. L. C. Naturae Curiosorum. VoL 22 supplementum, 4to.
From the Academy. *

Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino. Sene 2da. Tome xn.
4to. From the Academy.

Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akad. Forharidlingar. 8 de Arg. 1851. From

the Academy. .

Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akad. Handlingar for Ar. 1850. 1—2. From the Academy.
Conversations about Hurricanes. By Henry Piddington, of Calcutta. 8vo.
From the Author.

Twenty-tirst Memoir on the Law of Storms in India. By H. Piddington.

From the Author. .

Fifth Annual Report of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, hrom

the Institution. . . .. . _

Smithsonian Reports. Bibliographia Americana mstorico-naturalis, A. D.
1851. Auctore C. Girard. On recent improvements in the Chemical Arts.
By Profs. Booth and Morfit. From the same.

Memoir on the extinct species of American Ox. By Joseph Leidy, M. D.
From the Smithsonian Contributions. From the same. _

Annals of Science; conducted by Hamilton A. Smith. N os. 8 and 9. From

Philosophy of Railroads. By Thos. C. Keefer. 4th ed. From the Author.
Comptes Rendus. Tome 35, Nos. 25, 26; Tome 36, Nos. 1 4. From Dr.

Wilson.

lx.

Annales de Chimie. Dec., 1852. From the same.

Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1852. No. 12. From the same.

The following were presented by Mr. Edw.ard Wilson, on the usual condi¬
tion : —

Geschichte derUrwelt. Von J. L. Kruger. 2 vols. Svo.

Geognostische Beobachtungen iiber die Diluvial-Gebilde des Schwarzwaldes.
Von Carl Fromberz. 8vo.

Abhandlungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Gorlitz. Vols. 1 — 5,
and part 1, vol. 6.

Schriften der Gesellschaft der Naturwissenschaften zu Marburg. 3 band. 8vo.
Archiv fur Zoologie und Zootomie. Herausg. von C. R. B. Wiedemann.
4 vols. 8vo.

Urweltliche Naturgeschichte der organischen Reiche. Von. J. F. Kruger.
2 vols. 8vo.

Anfangsgrunde der Naturwissenschaft von Dr. E. D. A. Bartels. 2 vols. 8vo.
Die Vogel der Schweiz. Von F. Meisner und H. R. Schinz. 8vo.

Histoire naturelle de la Provence. Vai M. Darlue. 3 vols. 8vo.
Vergleichende Anatomie und Physiologie der Verdauungswerlczeuge der
Siiugethiere und Vogel. Von J. W. Neergaard. Svo.

The Letters of Rusticus on the natural history of Godaiming. 8vo.

A Geological account of a descent into Eldon Hole. By Richard Milne.

Fauna Insectorum Lapponnica. Auctore J. W. Zetterstedt. Svo.

Manuel Entomologique pour la classification des Lepidopteres de France.
Par. PAbbe J. Lalanne. 8vo.

Hymenoptera Europcea praecipue Borealia. Disposita et descripta ab. A. G.
Dahlbom. Fas. 1 — 3. 8vo.

Novae observationes de Entozois. Auctore Dr. F. C. H. Creplin. 8vo.
Catalogus Coleopterorum Europae.

De Sceleto Bufonis Palmarum observationes anatomicae. Auctore A. G. F.
Schultz.

Genera Dyticeorum. Auctore Dr. G. F. Erichson.

Introduction to the study of Geology. By Frederick Burr.

Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society. Vol. 12, pt. 2.

March 8 th.

Information respecting the history, condition and prospects of the Indian tribes
of the United States. By Henry R. Schoolcraft, LL.D. Part 3. Folio. From
Mr. L. Lea, U. S. Commis-. of Indian Affairs.

American Journal of Science and Arts, March, 1853. From the Editors.
Report of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, for the year 1853. By
Thos. S. Kirkbride, M. D. From Dr. Wilson.

Biographical Memoir of Samuel Geo. Morton, M.D. By George B. Wood,
M. D. From the Author.

Eighteenth Annual Report of the Young Men’s Mercantile Library Associa¬
tion of Cincinnati, Jan. 1853. From the Association.

On the skeleton of the great Chimpanzee, Troglodytes gorilla. By S. Knee-
land, Jr., M. D. From the Author.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Feb. 1853. From Dr. Wilson.
London, Dublin and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, Feb. 1853. From
the same.

London Athenaeum for Jan. 1853. From the same.

The following were presented by Edw. Wilson, Esq., on the usual condition:
De Regionibus Marinis. Auctore A. S. Orsted.

De Columbarum sanguine vulnerumque sanatione. Auctore J. N. Fiedler.

De Gammari specibus quae in nostris aquis reperiuntur. Auctore Augustus
Hosius.

J. B. Lamarck’s neues System der Conchyliologie. VonD. L. F. Froriep.
Dissertatio inaug. med. de Avium Encephali anatome. Auctor F. Franke.
Ueber des Leuchten des Meeres. Von. Chr. Bernoulli. Svo.

lxi.

Italiens Tertiar-Gebilde und deren organische Einschliisse. Von Dr. H. G.
Bronn.

Geologische Skizze der Umgebungen von Baden im Canton Aargau. Von A.
Mousson.

Unterhaltungen fur Conchylienfreunde und fur Sammler der Mineralien.

Dissert, inaug. med. sistens Struthionis Cameli Embryonis fabricam. Auctor
C. F. Hildebrand.

Prodromus Lepidopterorum Britannicorum. By a Fellow of the Linnean
Society.

Dissert, inaug. sistens observationes nonnullas zootomicas os cordis Cervi,
claviculas Felis, &c. speetantes. Auctore JI C. Luthi.

Commentatio de Petrefactis quae in Schisto-Eituminoso Mansfeldensi reperi-
untur quae conscripsit G. A. Kurtze.

Echiniscus Bellermanni, animal crustaceum, Macrobito Hufelandi affine. A
Dr. C. A. S. Schultze.

Naturhistorischer Wandatlas zum Gebrauch beirn Unterricht in hohern Lehr-
anstalten. Von Prof. J. F. A. Eichelberg. lste heft. Folio.

Modern Agricultural Improvements, being a Supplement to the British Hus¬
bandry of the Society for the diffusion of Useful Knowledge. By C. W. John¬
son. 8vo.

Selections from the Phrenological Journal. Edited by Robert Cox. 8vo.

Outline of a course of six lectures on Physical Geography, Mineralogy and
Geology. By Frederick Burr.

Allgemeine Physiologic. Von J. B. Wilbrand. 8vo.

Grundriss der Naturgeschichte fur hohere Lehranstalten. Von Dr. B. Hemp-
rich. 8vo.

Avium praecipurarum quarum apud Plinium et Aristotelem mentio est, brevis
et succincta historia. 12mo.

Pammineralogicum, or a universal history of Minerals. By Robert Lovell,
8vo.

Geological Maps and Sections of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain and
Ireland.

March 15th .

Sixth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New
York, on the condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History. From the
Regents.

Report of the Select Committee of the U. S. Senate on certain Memorials
relating to the discovery of Anaesthetic means.

Journal d’Agriculture, ou Transactions de la Societe d’Agriculture du Bas-
Canada. Vol. 6, No. 2. From M. Huguet-Latour.

Brief Astronomical Tables, for the expeditious calculation of Eclipses. By
M. Drew Snooke. From Mr. Charles Cramer.

Dr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition :

Cosmos : essai d’une description physique du Monde. Par Alex, de Hum¬
boldt. Tome 3. 8vo.

Memoires de la Societe Nationale de Lille. Annee 1851. 8vo.

Lectures on Histology. By John Quekett. 8vo.

Annals of Anatomy and Physiology. By John Goodsir.

Traite de Palaeontologie. Par F. J. Pictet. Tome ler. 2d ed. and Atlas. 4to,

Memoires sur la famille des Fougeres. Par A. L. A. Fee. 3me et 4me
Mems. folio, 5me Mem. 4to.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 36, No. 5.

Journal of the Franklin Institute, March, 1853.

Illustrations Conchyliologiques. Par M. Chenu. No. 81. Folio.

March 22 d.

Annual Report of the Trustees of the State Library of New York, Feb.
1853. From the Trustees.

50

lxii.

The following were presented by Mr. Edw. Wilson, on the usual condition :

Yersucheiner Lithurgik oder okonomischen Mineralogie. Yon Carl Schneider-
2 vols. 8vo.

Index Fossilium quae collegitet inclassis et ordines disposuit Ignatius S. R. I.
Eques a Born. 2 vols. 8vo.

Descrizione topogralica, &c. del Regno delle Due Sicilie di Giuseppe del Re..
2 vols. 8vo.

Cosmologie,. ou description generale de la Terre.. Par C. A. Walckenaer. 8vo-

Voyage en flanovre, fait dans les annees 1803 et 1804. Par M. A. B. Man-
gourit. 8vo.

Einleitung in der Geologie nebst einer Geologie und Mineral-Geographie von.
England, von Robert Bakewell. Yon R. H. Muller. 8vo.

Pflanzen und Gebirgsarten von Marienbad. Herausgeg. von Dr. C. J. Heid-
Ler. 8vo.

Le Conservateur : ou recueil de morceaux inedits d’Histoire, de Politique, &c-
tires des portes-feuilles de N. Francois (de Neufchateau.) 2 vols. 8vo.

Mineralogisches Bemerkungen von dem Karpathen. Von Johann E. von
Fichtel. 2 vols. 8vo.

Mineralogische Aufsatze. Yon J. E. von Fichtel. 8vo.

Tableau Methodique des Especes Minerales. Par J. A. H. Lucas. 2 vols. 8vo-

Schriften voa Heinrich Steffens. 8vo.

Physikalisch-politische Reise in die Norischen Alpen im Jahre 1781 und
1783. Unternommen von Hacquet. 8vo.

Voyage a Buenos Ayres et a Porte-Alegre de 1830 a 1834. Von Arsene Isa¬
belle. 8vo.

Isaacus Vossius de Nili et aliorum Fluminum origine. 4to.

Instituzioni di Mineralogia con la maggior chiarezza disposti per facilmenti
imparare a conoscere i Fossili. Dal Cav. Don Giuseppi Benvenuti. 8vo.

leones Avium. Indicem systematicum addidit F. C. Kielson. 4to.

Elemens de Mineralogie applique aux. Sciences Chimiques. Par MM. Girar-
din et Lecoq. 2 vols. 8vo.

Ornithologie Abrege de la France. 4to.

Lehrbuch der Mineralogie. Von Franz A. Reuss. 8vols-8vo.

Accord du Livre de la Genese avec la Geologie et les Monumens Humains-
Par M. Gervais-de-Laprise. 8vo.

April 5th -

Statements, supported by evidence, of Wm. T. G. Morton, M. D., on his
claim to the discovery of the Anaesthetic properties of Ether. 8vo. From Dr.
Morton -

Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian
Institution. Part 1. Serpents. By S. F. Baird and C. Girard. 8vo. Front
the Institution.

Annals of Science, No. 10. From Dr. Leidy.

Principles of Botany, as exemplified in the Cryptogamia. By Harlaiut
Coultas. 8vo.

A classified Catalogue, with Synonyms, of the Terrestrial and Fluviatile'
Testaceous Mollusks of Chester Co., Penn. By Wm. D. Hartman, M.D. Front
the Author.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 36, Nos. G and 7. From Dr. Wilson.

London Athenaeum for February, 1853. From the same.

Annales de Chimie. 3me Serie. Feb. 1853. From the same.

The following were presented by Mr. Edw. Wilson, on the usual condition:

Istoria naturale del Monte Vesuvio. Di Gaspare Paragallo. 8vo.

Ueber die Gestalt und die Urgeschichte der Erde. Von Karl F. Kloden. 8vo.

Statistique Mineralogique du Departement de la Drome. Par M. ScipionGras-
8vo.

Handbuch fur den Liebhaber der Stuben-Haus-und aller der Zahmung werthen.
Vogel. Von Ch. B. Brehm. 8vo.

Die Vulkane alterer und neuerer Zeiten.. Von Franz von Beroldingen. 8vo~

lxiii.

Versuch eines Topographisch-mineralogischen Handbuches von Ungern.
Durch Chr. Andreas Zipser. 8vo.

Voyage critique a PEtna en 1819. Par T. A. Gourbillon. 2 vols. 8vo.
Marci Antonii Plenciz Opera Medico-Physica. Svo.

Les Anciens Mineralogistes du Royaume de France. Par M. Gobert. 2 vols.
8vo.

Nouveaux elemens de Mineralogie. Par M. Brard. 3me ed. 8vo.

System einer allgemeinen Hydrographie des Erdbodens. Von J. F. Wm.
Otto. 8vo.

Allgemeine Geschichte der Mineralischen Gifte entworfen von J. F. Gmelin.
8vo.

Vollstandige Naturgeschichte des Pferdes. Von Georg Fr. Sebald. Herausg.
von Karl W. Ammon. 8vo.

Reise im Riesengebirge. Von Chr. Gott. Assmann. 8vo.

Resume d’un Cours elementaire de Geographic Physique. Par J. V. F. La-
mouroux. 8vo.

Propositions Geologiques. pour servir d’introduction a un ouvrage sur les
elemens de la Chorographie. Par Henri G. Oberlin. 8vo.

J. C. von Lehmann Grundsatze der Mineralogie. 8vo.

Promenades aux environs du Clermont et du Mont-Dore. 8vo.

Esquisse Geologique de la Turquie d’Europe. Par A. Boue.

C. Linnaei Systema Naturae, 1735.

Della Natura de’Fuimi Trattato fisico-matematico del Dottore Domenico
Guglielmini con le annotazioni di Eustachio Manfredi. 2 vols. 8vo.

April 12tk.

Report of the Commissioners of Patents for the year 1849. Parts 1 and 2,
8vo. ; same for 1851, part 1. From Mr. Chas. E. Smith.

Journal of the Society of Arts of London, parts 1 to 15. From the Society.
Annals of Science, No. 11. From Dr. Leidy.

Journal of the Franklin Institute for April, 1853- From Dr. Wilson.

Archiv fur Anatomie, Physiologie, &c. von Dr. Johannes Muller. 1852, No. 5.
From the same.

The following were presented by Mr. Edw. Wilson, on the usual condition :
Kreuznach und seine Brom-und Iode-Haltigen Heilquellen in lhren wichtig-
sten Beziehungen. Von J. E. P. Prieger. 8vo.

Elemente der Krystallographie. Von Gustav Rose. 8vo.

Naturgeschichte des Succins oder des sogenannten Bernsteins. Von J. F.
John. 8vo.

Systematisch-tabellarische Uebersicht der mineralogisch-einfachen Fossilien.
Von Dr. J. Chr. Ullmann. 4to.

Storia naturale e generale dell* Etna del Canonico Giuseppe Recupero. 2 vols.
4to.

Description hydrographique et historique des Marais Pontins. Par M. de
Prony. 4to. and atlas folio.

Orographic de PEurope. Par M. Louis Bruguire. Recueil de Voyages et de
Memoires publie par la Societe de Geographic. Tome 3, 4to.

A general natural history; or new and accurate descriptions of the Animals,
Vegetables and Minerals of the different parts of the world. By John Hill.
3 vols. folio.

Mineralogia, sive Naturalis Philosophise Thesaurus. Auctore Bernardus
Caesius. Folio.

Atlas et description Mineralogiques de la France. Par MM. Guettard et Mon-
net. Folio.

Premieres fetiilles de P Atlas Mineralogique : ouvrage commence en 1796 par
MM. Guettard et Lavoisier. 4to.

lxiv.

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM
In May and June, 1853.

May 3 d.

Sixty-one specimens of woods, fourteen of birds, and a small collection of
shells, echinoderms and insects, from Texas. Presented by Dr. G. Engelmann,
of St. Louis, Missouri.

Dryinus nasutus, Madras. Presented by F. Brown, Jr.

Mounted skeleton of the great extinct Irish elk, (Megaceros hibernicus.) De¬
posited by Mr. John Abell, of Limerick, Ireland, through Peter Wright & Sons.

Fifty specimens of carboniferous fossils, from Greensburg, Penn. Presented
by Dr. A. T. King, through Mr. Cassin.

Tyrannus nepeto ; Molothrus sericeus, from Lima, Peru. Presented by Mr.
Joseph A. Clay.

Crystalline slag, from an anthracite iron furnace. Presented by Prof. S. S.
Haldeman.

A large collection of marine shells from the coast of Lower California. Pre¬
sented by Dr. A. L. Heermann.

May 10 tli.

Impressions of Encrinites, from Hampshire Co., Virginia. Presented by Dr.
Chas. Carter, through Dr. Bridges.

The entire Anatomical Collection of the late Dr. Samuel George Morton, con¬
sisting of 867 crania of Man, 601 crania of the inferior animals,* and all the osteolo-
gical, mummified and other specimens heretofore deposited in the Museum of the
Academy, and now presented by the following named gentlemen : Chas. Henry
Fisher, Thos. Biddle, Dr. Chas. D. Meigs, Henry J. Williams, Thos. T. I.ea,
John Farnum, John A. Brown, Wm. Welsh, Dr. George B. Wood, J. Francis
Fisher, David S. Brown, John B. Meyers, Lewis R. Ashhurst, Caleb Cope,
Richard D. Wood, J. Pemberton Hutchinson, Morris L. Hallowell, Joseph D.
Brown, William Platt, Joseph Swift, Singleton A. Mercer, A. J. Lewis, Geo. W.
Carpenter, John Price Wetherill, John Cook, John Lambert, Robert Pearsall,
Joseph S. Lovering, J. G. Fell, Caspar W. Pennock, Samuel V. Merrick, James
Dundas, Henry Pepper, Richard Price, John Grigg, Joseph Jeanes, T. P. Rem¬
ington, Henry Seybert, Thos. McEwen, Robert Swift, Jacob G. Morris, and
Wm. S. Vaux.

May 2kth.

Larus occidentalis, from Texas, and four eggs of the same. Presented by
Dr. Heermann.

Leopardite - . Presented by Mr. A. Jessup.

Bubo virginianus (mounted.) From Mr. Jas. Mears.

Two specimens of Exogyra costata, from the Chesapeake and Delaware canal.
From Mr. George Ord.

June 14 th.

Fossils from a Prairie, Tippecanoe Co., Indiana. Presented by Dr. C. D.
Meigs.

Five coal fossils, from the South Joggins, Nova Scotia. Presented by J. W.
Dawson, Esq., of Pictou.

Living specimen of Phrysonoma cornutum, from Texas. Presented by G.
W. Page, Esq.

A collection of Reptiles. From Dr. Rand.

A collection of S'-v-mty Mammal and Bird Skins from California and Oregon,
presented by Col. Geo. A. McCall, as follows :

Mammals: Seiurus Douglasii, Tamias Townsendii, Spermophilus Douglasii,
Geomys rufeicens, Lepus artemesia.

Birds : Hypotriorchis columbarius, Tinnunculus sparverius, Elanus leucurus,

Catalogue. 3d edition, Philada., 1849.

lxv.

Circus cyaneus, Athene hypugaea, Chordeiles brazilianus, Trochilus _

Tyrannus verticals, Tyrannula nigricans, T. acadica, Ptilogonys nitens, An-
thus Ludovicianus, Mimus polyg]0ttis, Icterus Bullockii, Fringilla savanna,
F. aurocapilla, F. cinerea, Fringilla, new species, Pipilo fusca, P. arctica, Stru-
thus Oregonus, Carpodacus familiaris, Carduelis tristis, Loxia americana, Me-
lanerpes formicivorus, M. ruber, M. torquatus, Picus Gairdneri, P. Nuttallii,
Calipepla californica, C. Gambelii, Tetrao obscurus.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY
In May and June, 1853.

May 3d.

American Journal of Science and Arts, May, 1853. From the Editors.

Journal d’ Agriculture, ou Transactions de la Societe d’Agriculture du Bae-
Canada. Vol. 6, No. 3. From M. Hugues Latour.

Journal of the Society of Arts, &c., London. Nos. 16 and 17. From the
Society.

Annals of Science ; conducted by Hamilton A. Smith. No. 12. From the
Editor.

A Synopsis, or Systematic Catalogue of the Medicinal Plants of the United
States. By A. Clapp, M. D. 8vo. From the author.

Flora Cestrica. By Wm. Darlington, M. D. 3d edition, 8vo. From the
author.

Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 1850, J51,
and 3 Nos. 1852. From the Institution.

Abhandlungen der k. k. Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 1 Band, folio. From
the same.

Dr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition :

Comptes Rendus. Tome 36, Nos. 9, 10, 11.

Annals de Chimie et de Physique. March, 1853.

The London Athenaeum for March, 1853.

Journal fur Ornithologie : ein Centralorgan fur die gesammte Ornithologie.
Herausg. von Dr. J. Cabanis. Heft 1.

Journal of the Franklin Institute. May, 1853.

The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson, on the usual condition:

Le Monde, son origine et son antiquite. 2 vols. 12mo.

Torberni Bergman Meditationes de Systemate Fossilium naturali. 12mo.

Martin Thrane Brunnich Mineralogie. Svo.

Mineralogisches Handbuch. Yon Johann Georg Lenz. Svo.

Handbuch der Mineralogie. Yon Dr. G. H. Schubert. 8vo.

Considerations Geologiques et Physiques sur la cause du jaillissement des eaux
des puits fores ou fontaines artificiales. Par M. le Vte.Hericart de Thury. Svo.

De la Cosmogenie de Moise comparee aux faites geologiques. Par Manuel de
Serres. 8vo.

Essai d’une Mineralogie Economico-technique dps Departemens du Haut- et
Bas-Rhin formant la ci-devant Alsace. Par Jean Phillippe Graffenauer. 8vo.

Die Geognosie nach chemischen Grundsatzen dargestellt. Von Carl Schmei-
der. 8vo.

Lehrbuch der Oryktogfiosie von Dr. J. Reinhard Blum. 8vo.

Geologische Resultate aus Beobachtungen uber einen Theil der Siidbaltischen
Lander von E. G. F. Wrede. 8vo.

Topografia fisica della Campania di Scipione Breislak. 8vo.

Considerations generates sur les Volcans. Par M. J. Girardin. Svo.

Sopra una Pioggetta di Sassi accaduta nella sera de’ 16. Giugno del 1794 in
Lucignan d’Asso nel Sanese dissertazione del P. D. Ambrogio Soldani. 8vo.

Saggio di congetture su i Terremoti del Dott. Cristofano Sarti. 8vo. ^

Memoire sur les tremblemens de Terre de la Calabre pendant l’annee 1783.
Par le Commandeur Deodat de Dolomieu. 8vo.

lxvi.

Anleitung zur Geognosie. Von Franz Reichetzer. 8vo.

Andri Bembi de iEtna ad Angelum Chabicelem liber. 4to.

Manual de Joyeros : su autor Don Martin Diego Saenz Deez. 8vo.

Notice historique comparee sur les Aqueducs des Anciens et la derivation de
la Riviere d’Ourcq. Par Louis Petit-Radel. 8vo.

Beschreibung der Gebirge von Baiern und der oberen Pfalz. Von Matthias
Flurl. 8vo.

Die Charaktere der Klassen, Ordnungen, &c. oder die Charakteristik des natur-
historischen Mineral-Systemes. Von Friederich Mohs. 8vo.

Die Urwelt oder Beweis von dem Daseyn und Untergange von mehr als einer
Vorwelt. Von J. G. F. Ballenstedt. 8vo.

May 10 th.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 36, Nos. 12, 13, 14. From Dr. Wilson.

Archiv fur Naturgeschichte. Von Dr. F. H. Troschel. 1851, Nos. 4 and 5,
1852, Nos. 1 and 2. From the Editor.

A History of the Fishes of Massachusetts. By D. Humphreys Storer, M. D.
From the author.

On a new apparatus for the generation of Carbonic Acid ; and on Kemp’s
Thermostat. By Ch. M. Wetherill, M. D. From the author.

May 11th.

Memoires de l’Academie Royale des Sciences, &c. de Belgique. Tome 26,
4to. From the Academy.

Memoires Couronnes et Memoires des Savants Etrangers publies par l’Acad.
Royale des Sci. &c. de Belgique. Tome 24, 4to. From the same.

Bulletins de l’Acad. Royale de Belgique. Tomes 18 et 19. 8vo. From the
same.

Memoires couronnes, &c. publies par l’Acad. Roy. de Belgique ; Collection in
8vo. Tome 5, pt. 1. From the same.

Annuaire de l’Acad. Roy. de Belgique, 1852. From the same.

Fungi Caroliniani exsiccati. By H. W. Ravenel. Fascic. 1, 4to. From the
author.

Notes on the classification of the Carabidae of the United States. By J. L.
Le Conte, M. D. From the author.

Annals of Science, No. 13. From the Editor.

May 2\th.

Jahreshefte des Vereins fur vaterliindische Naturkunde in Wiirtemberg. 1845
to 1852, and No. 1, 1853. From the Association.

Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles de Neufchatel. Tome 2, 8vo.
From the Society.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the usual condition :
Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie. Von H. Menke und Dr. Pfeiffer. 1853.
Nos. 2 and 3.

London Athenaeum for April, 1853.

Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. Von M. C.
Kiister. 106te Lief.

Archiv fur Anatomie, &c. Von J. Muller. 1853, No. 1.

Handbuch der Speciellen Ornithologie. Von Dr. Ludwig Reichenbach. Nos.
1,2,3. 4to.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 36, Nos. 15, 16.

Die Kreidebildungen von Texas und ihre organischen Einschliisse. Von Dr.
Ferdinand Roemer. 4to.

Nomenclator Botanicus. Auctore Ernesto Theoph. Steudel. Ed. 2da-
Royal 8vo.

lxvii.

June 1th.

Rendiconto della Societa Reale Borbonica Academia delle Scienze. Nuova
Sere. Nos. 1, 2, 5. From the Academy.

Della Regions Vulcanica del Monte Vulture e del Tremuoto iva avvenuto nel
di 11 Agosto 1851. D* L. P. ed Arcangelo Scacchi. From the same.

Osservazioni su’ metodi proposti dal 1 ’ illustie Lagrange per le Curve Invi-
luppi, con altre ricerche affini, del Cav. Vincenzo Flauti. From the same.

Relazione sulla mallattia della Vite apparsa nei contorni di Napoli ed altri
luoghi della provincia. From the same.

Sroria completa dell’ Entomibia Apum (nuovo gen. d’insetti ditteri) e su i
danni che arreca, alle api da Miele. D^l Achille Costa. From the author.

Storia della Bombice Neustria suoi costurni, danni che arreca, e mezzi dis-
truggerla scritta del Achille Costa. From the same.

Storia della Tentredine produttrice delle galle delle foglie del Salceo (Salix
Russelliana.) Di Achille Costa. From the same.

A. Costa Memorie Entomologiche. From the same.

Corrispondenza Zoologica destinata a diffondere nel regno delle due Sicilie ;
redatta da O. G. Costa. Anno 1. From the same.

Cenni iiftorno alle scoperte fatte nel Regno riguardanti la Paleontologia nel
corso della’ anno 1851 per O. G. Costa. From the same.

Illustrazioni al genere Cipridina e descrizi »ne di una novella specie di 0. G.
Costa. From the same.

Access to an open Polar Sea, in connection with the search after Sir John
Franklin and his Companions. By E. K. Kane, M. D. From the author.

Thermometrical Navigation. Being a series of experiments and o^ervations
to prove the advantage to navigation of ascertaining the relative heat of the sea
water in the Gulf Stream. By Jonathan Williams. FromH. J. Williams, Esq.

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Vol. 6, Nos. 9 and 10.
From the Editor.

Journal of the Society of Arts (London,) Nos. 20 — 23. From the Society.

Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. Vol. 9, part 1. From
the Society.

The Virginia Medical and Surgical Journal. Nos. 1, 2, 3. From the Editors.

The Charleston Medical Journal and Review. Vol. 8, No. 3. From the
Editors.

La Botanique de J. J. Rousseau. Folio. From Mr. A. J. Brasier.

Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. A Flora and Fauna within living
animals. By Joseph Leidy, M. D. From the author.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the usual condition:

The London, Dublin and Edinburgh Magazine, March, April and May, 1853.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History, March, April and May, 1853.

Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science. Photographic No.

Thesaurus Conchyliorum. By G. B. Sowerby. Part 14.

Journal of the Franklin Institute, June, 1853.

Monographie de la Famille des Cactees. Par J. Labouret. 12mo. From
the same.

Manuel dePamateur de Cactus; ou histoire naturelle des Plantes de la famille
des Cactees. Par Ch. Lemaire. 12mo.

Memoire sur la famille des Fougeres. Par A. L. A. Fee. lme et 2me parties
Folio.

June 14 th.

Prof. John B. Trask’s Report on the Geology of the Sierra Nevada, or Cali¬
fornia Range. From Dr. B. H. Rand.

Annals of the Lyceum of Nat. History. Vol. 6, pp. 1 — 18. From the
Lyceum.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 4, pp. 257 — 288.
From the Society.

lxviii.

Descriptions of new species of Achatinella, from the Sandwich Islands. By
Dr. VV. Newcomb. From the author.

Scientific contributions toward the improvement of Agriculture in Nova
Scotia. By J. W. Daw>on. From the author.

First Annual Report of the Trustees of the New Bedford City Library. From
the Trustees.

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM
In July and August, 1853.

Jvily 5th.

Mounted specimen of the striped Hyena, (H. striata.) Presented by Mr.
Edwards.

Mounted specimen of Dasyprocta niger. Presented by Miss M. Morris, of
Germantown.

Mounted specimen of the Rib-nosed Baboon, (Cynocepholus mormon.) Pre¬
sented by Wm. S. Vaux, Esq.

A collection of Plants from the Arctic regions, prepared and presented by Dr.
E. K. Kane, through Piof. Carson.

Numerous specimens of the Fruit of Carya myristicaeformis, Mx. ; from South
Carolina. From H. W. Ravenel, Esq.

Att gust 1 6th.

Chloride of Sodium, from Utah Lake. From Dr. Leidy.

Five specimens of Minerals, and native Copper, from Lake Superior. From
Dr. B. H. Rand.

Fossils from the Trenton Limestone, Trenton Falls, New York. From Dr.
T. B. Wilson.

Specimens of Pyrope, from Santa Fe. From Mr. Winthrop, through Mr.
Cassin.

Fossil Vertebrae (of Fishes) from the Miocene, Cumberland Co., N. J. ; and
same from the Cretaceous series, Mullica Hill, N. J. ; Vertebra of Priscodel-
phinus grandaevus, and tooth of Crocodilus antiquus, from the Miocene, Cum¬
berland Co., N. J. Presented by

Numerous "specimens, in spirits, of Reptiles, Insects, Myriapods, and a species
of Galago, from Western Africa. Presented by Dr. Henry A. Ford, of the Ga¬
boon Mission.

Several specimens of Serpents, in Spirits. From Dr. G. Watson.

Fine specimen of Goliathus giganteus, Lam., and two orthopterous insects,
from Africa. Presented by Dr. Isaac Hays.

Several Bird Skins, from Racine, Wisconsin. Presented by the Rev. A. C.
Barry, through Dr. Leconte.

Lepisostris platyrhynchus, from Cleveland, Ohio. From Dr. Kirtland,
through Dr. Le Conte.

Two reptiles, from Texas. Fiom Prof. Haldeman.

Falco leucocephalus, (mounted;) a collection of American Birds’ Nests;
young of Canis fulvus ; and two specimens of Vespertilio phaeops. Presented
by Mr. John Krider.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY
In July and August, 1853.

July 12th.

Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. Vol.5. 4to. From the Institution.

Observations on the Batis maritima, Linn. By John Torrey, M. D. From
the same.

Plantae Fremontianse. By John Torrey, M. D. From the same.

/

lxix.

On the Darlingtonia Californica, a new pitcher-plant. By J. Torrey. From
the same.

Synopsis of the Marine Invertebrata of Grand Manan. By Wm. Stimpson.
From the same.

Annales de la Societe Nationale d’Agriculture, &c. de Lyon. 2e serie, tome
3. From ihe Society.

Memoires de l’Academie Nationale des Sciences, &c. de Lyon ; Classe des
Sciences, nouv. serie, tome 1; Classe des Lettres, nouv. serie, tome 1. From
the Academy.

AnnaLsde la Societe Linneenne de Lyon. Ans. 1850-52. From the Society.

Abhandlungen der Mathemat. Physikal. Classe der k. bayer. Akad. der
Wissen. 0 Band 2 Abtheil. 4to. From the Academy.

Gelehrte Anzeigen. Herausgeg. von Mitgl. der k. bayer. Akad. der Wissen.
Vols. 32, 33. From the same.

Bulletins der k. Akad. der Wissen. Jahrgang 1851. Nos. 1 — 43. From the
same.

Annales des Mines, 4me serie, tome 19, 2e liv. de 1851 ; tome 20, 6me liv. de
1851 ; table des matieres (4me serie) ; 5me serie, tome 1, 2e, 4me, et 5me livs.
de 1852. From l’Ecole des Mines.

Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. Yol. 9, part 2. From
the Society.

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Yol. 9, part 2. From
the Editor.

Journal of the Society of Arts, &c. (London.) Nos. 28, 29. From the
Society.

Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. New series, vol.
5, pt. 1, and map. From the Academy.

American Journal of Science and Arts, for July, 1853. From the Editors.

Sixty-sixth Annual Repoit of the Regents of the University of the State of
New York. From the Ret ents.

On the Hive and the Honey Bee, a Bee-Keeper’s Manual. By Rev. L. L.
Langstroth. 8vo. From the author.

Virginia Medical and Surgical Journal, No. 4, July, 1853. From the Editors.

Nova Acta Acad. C. L. C. Nat. Curiosorum. Vol. 22, pt. 2 ; et Supplemen-
tum. 2 vols. 4to. From the Prince de Wied.

Examination of Fusel Oil from Indian Corn and Rye. By Chas. M. We-
therill, M. D. From the author.

Address on Morbid Anatomy. By J. B. S. Jackson, M. D. From the author.

Annals of Science, No. 16. From the Editor.

Bibliographical Remarks and Reflections on Prof. Carl Lowig’s Organic and
Physiological Chemistry. By Bennett Dowler, M. D. From the author.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the usual condition :

Das Thierleben der Alpenwelt. Von Fr. von Tschudi. 8vo.

Abhandlungen aus der menschlichen und vergleichenden Anatomie von Dr.
Wenzel Gruber. 4fo.

Beitrage , ur Anatomie und Physiologie deEHaut von George Meissner.

Anatomisch-Histologische Untersuchungen fiber Fische und Rept'lien von Dr.
Franz Leydig. 4to.

I.ehrbueh tier Geognosie von Dr. Carl Fried. Naumaun. Vol. 1, pts. 1 and 2,
vol. 2, and Atlas, pts. 1 and 2.

Testacea riovissitna quae Cl. de Saulcy in itinere per Orientem annis 1850 et
18">1 coll^git. Auetor^ J. B. Bourguignat.

Die Geographische Verbreitung der Thiere. Von L. K. Schmarda. 3 vols.
8vo.

Instructions pratiques sur la Pisciculture. Par M. Costa. 12mo.

Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique in den Jahren 1812— 1S48.
Von Wm. C. H. Peters. Zoologie. 4to.

Histoire des Sciences Naturelles au Moyen Age. Par F. A. Pouchet. 8vo.

Histoire n .turelle des Vegetaux parasites qui croissent sur l’homme et sur les
animaux vivants. Par Chas. Robin. 8vo. and atlas.

Nouvelles observations microscopiques. Par M. Needham. 12mo.
Observations microscopiques sur les parties de la generation des plantes ren-
fermes dans les fleurs, et sur les insectes qui s’y trouvent. Par. Guil. Fred.
Baron de Gleichen. Traduit de l’Allemand par J. F. Isenflamm. Folio.

Die Macht des Kleinen sichtbar in der Bildung der Rinde unseres Erdballs.
Von P. Harting. 8vo.

Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie. Von Menke und Pfeiffer. 1853, No. 4.
Comptes Rendus. Tome 36, Nos. 17 — 22.

History of British Mollusca and their Shells. By Prof. Forbes and S. Han¬
ley. Parts 50 and 51.

The Eggs of British Birds. By J. C. Jennings. 12mo.

London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosoph. Magazine. Vol. 5, Nos. 34 and 35.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History^ June, 1853.

J^ondon Athenaeum for May, 1853.

Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Parts 117, 118, 119.

Journal of the Franklin Institute, July, 1853.

Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, &c. By John Cassin. 2d edi¬
tion, No. 1. 8vo.

July 19 th.

Journal of the Society of Arts, (London,) Nos. 30, 31. From the Society.
Memorias de la Real Academia di Ciencias de Madrid. Tomo 1, 3a serie.
Ciencias naturales tomo 1, parte 2. 4to. From the Academy.

Resumen de las Actas de la Academia Real de Ciencias de Madrid de 1850 a
1851. From the same.

Catalogue of the Cabinet of Natural History of the State of New York. 8vo.
From the Regents of the University of New York.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson on the usual condition : —
London Athenaeum for June, 1853.

Brevi Cenni di alcuni resti delle classi Brachiopodi ecc. di G. Michelotti.
Analyse d’une Idiocrase violette de la Vallee d’Ala par Ange Sismonda.
Notice sur les operations enterprises pour determiner la figure de la Terre.
Par M. Biot.

Institut Royal de France. Funerailles de M. Alexandre Brongniart.

Versuch zu einer grundlichen Vertheidigung der Saamenthierchen. Von
Martin F. Ledermullern.

August 2d.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. 4, pp, 289-304.
From the Society.

Annals of the Lyceum of Nat. History of New York. Vol. 6. No. 1. From
the Lyceum.

Charleston Medical Journal and Review. July, 1853. From the Editors.
Biographical Notice of Daniel Drake, M. D., of Cincinnati. By Charles D.
Meigs, M. D. From the Author.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1853. Nos. 1 — 5. From Dr. Wilson.

Annales des Sciences Nalurelles. Tome 19, 3me serie. Zoologie Nos. 1 — 2.
From the same.

Annales de Chirnie et de Physique. 3me serie, tome 37, tome 38, Nos. 1 — 2.
From the same.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 36. Nos. 23, 21, 25. From the same.

August 9th.

The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson on the usual condition
Trattato di Geologia del Sig. Conte Angelo Dalla Decima. 8vo.
Geognostisch-geologische Aufsatze als Vorbereitung zu einer innern Natur-
geschichte der F.rde. Von H. Steffens. 8vo.

Lettres sur la Mineralogie et sur divers autres objets de l’histoire naturelle de
l’ltalie ecrites par M. Ferber a M. de Born. Ouvrage traduit de l’Allemand
par M. de Dietrich. Svo.

Die erloschenen Vulkane in der Erfel und am Niederrheine. Von J. Steinin-
ger. 8vo.

Principes de Mineralogie. Par J. P. Vanderchem-Berthout et H. Struve.
8vo.

Mineralogisches Handlexicon. Von Prof. J. R. Zappe. 8vo.

Cours de Mineralogie. Par N. Jolyclerc. 8vo.

Ornitologia Silesiaca. Von August Kaluza. 12mo.

Der mineralische Magnetismus. Von Chr. August Becker, M. D. 12mo.
Entretiens sur la Mineralogie, d’apres la methode du celebre Haiiy. Par A.
Tardieu. 8vo.

J. J. Henkelii Idea generalis de Lapidum origine. 12mo.

Essai sur Phistoire naturelle des Roches. Par M. de Launay. 8vo.

J. J. Becheri Oracula chymica. 12mo.

Introduction a l’etude des corps naturels tires du regne animal. Par M.
Bucquet. l2mo.

Nouveau Systeme de Mineralogie. Par M. Monnet. 12mo.

Mineralogische Beobachtungen uber einige Basalte am Rhein. 12mo.

Das Mineralreich. Von D. Carl Constantin Haberle. 12mo.

Tentamen Mineralogicum. Auctore J. Kickx. 8vo.

J. J. Von Well methodische Eintheilung mineralischer Korper. 8vo.

J. J. Beckeri Supplementum secundum in Physicam Subterraneam. 12mo.

B. J. Gustav Karstens kurzer entworf der Naturwissenschatt vornemlich
ihres chymisch-mineralogischen Theils. 12mo.

Dictionnaire Mineralogique et Hydrologique de la France. 4 vols. 12mo.

August 1 6th.

Journal of the Society of Arts, of London, Nos. 32, 33,34. From the Society.
Annals of Science. No. 17. From the Editor.

Virginia Medical and Surgical Journal. No. 5. August, 1853. From the
Editors.

Abhandlungen der Mathemat. Physikal. Classe der K. bayer. Akad. der
Wissen. 6 Band, 3 Abtheil. From the Academy.

Bulletin der K. Akad. der Wissen. 2 Jan 1852 — 9 Juin 1852. From the
same.

Gelehrte Anzeigen. Herausg. von Mitgl. der K. bayer. Akad. der Wissen. 34
Band. From the same.

Deutschlands Flora, mit Abbildungen Sammtlicher Gattungen und Untergat-
tungen von Dr. W. D. Peterman. Royal 8vo. From Dr. Wilson.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 36, No. 26, tome 37, No. 1. From the same.
Journal of the Franklin Institute for August, 1853. From the same.

August 23 d.

Annales des Mines. 5me serie, tome 2 ; 6 liv. de 1852, tome 3, 1 liv. de 1853.
From PEcole des Mines.

Description of some species of the extinct genus Nesodon. By Prof. Owen.
From the Author.

Dr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition;

Der Mensch und die Natur. Von Friedrich Korner. 8vo.

Reisen in Mexico in den Jahren 1845 — 1848. Von Carl Barthol. Heller. Svo.
Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1853. No. 6.

Annales des Sciences Naturelles. 3me serie, tome 19. No. 4.

Comptes Rendus, tome 37, Nos. 2 and 3.

Bonplandia Zeitschrift tur angewandte Botanik. 1 Jahrgang. Nos. 1 — 14.
Jan. — Juli, 1853.

Systeme Silurien du centre de la Boheme. Par Joachim Barrande. lme partie.
Vol. 1. Crustaces. Trilobites. 4to and Atlas 4to.

Ueber die fossilen Reste der Zeuglodonten von Nordamerica. Von Joh.
Muller. Folio.

lxxii.

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM
In September and October, 1853.

September 13th.

Twenty-eight specimens of Fossils from Illinois. From Mr. L. W. Germain.

October \th.

Specimens of Zinc Ore, from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. From Mr. Alfred
Creot.

Sixteen specimens of Fruits and Seeds, from the East Indies. From Ellis
Yarnall, Jr.

October 1 1th.

Plestiodon quinquelineatus, and young of Heterodon platyrhinus, from Pem¬
berton, New Jersey. Presented by Dr. E. Hallowell.

Young of Heterodon platyrhinus. Presented by Dr. Hartshorne.

Coronella getula, from New Jersey. Presented by B. Badger and P. Doyle,
of Philadelphia county.

Thirty-six specimens of Marine Algae, from Newport and New Haven. Pre¬
sented by S. Ashmead.

October 18th.

Fruit of Hura strepens, Texas. From R. P. Thomas, M. D.

Several specimens of Yellow Perch with entozoon sacs upon the exterior sur¬
face. From Cold Pond, Charlestown, New Hampshire. From Dr. Weber, of
Chailestown.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY

In September and October, 1853.

September 13th .

Voyage Geologique aux Antilles et aux lies deTeneriffe et de Fogo. Par Ch.
St. Claire Deville. 4to. and Atlas 4fb. From Prof. Frazer.

A quarto volume of Tracts on subjects of Natural History, Natural Philoso¬
phy, &c. From the same.

Documentary History of the American Revolution, consisting of papers relat¬
ing to the contest for Liberty, chiefly in South Carolina in 1781-2. By R. W.
Gibbes, M. D. 8vo. From the Author.

Bibliographia Americana historico-naturalis, An. 1851. By Charles Girard.
2d edition. From the Author.

Virginia Medical and Surgical Journal, No. 6. September 1853. From the
Editors.

Charleston Medical Journal and Review. September, 1853. From the Editors.
American Journal of Science and Arts. September, 1853. From the Editors.
Annals of Science. No. 18. From the Editor.

Dr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition : —

Annals and Magazine of Natural History, for July and August, 1853.

London, Dublin and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, for July and August,
1853.

Annals of Anatomy and Physiology. By John Goodsir. No. 3.

London Athenaeum for July and August, 1853.

Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science.

Conchologia Iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Part 120.

Annals de Chimie et de Physique. 3me serie. July, 1853.

Bonplandia. Zeitschrift fur die gesammte Botanik. Jahrgang No. 15.
Comptes Rendus. Tome 37. Nos. 4, 5, 6.

L’organisation du Regne Animal. Par Emile Blanchard. Livs. 3, 4, 5, 6.

lxxiii.

Journal of the Franklin Institute for September, 1853.

A Synopsis of the British Diatomaceae. By the Rev. William Smith. Vol. 1.
8vo.

Beobachtungen fiber Verjfingsvorgangeim thierischen Organismus. Von Her¬
mann Stannius.

Beitrage zur mikroskopischen Anatomie und Physiologie des Ganglien-Nerven-
systems des Menschen und der Wirbelthiere. Von Carl Axmann, D. M.

Museum Heineanum. Von Dr. Jean Cabanis. 1 Thiel. die Singvogel enthal-
tend. 8vo.

Grundzfige der Botanik, entworfen von S. Endlicher und Franz Unger. 8vo.
Botanische Briefe. Von Dr. F. Unger. 8vo.

De Spermatozoorum introitu in ovula. Autore Gott. Aug. F. Keber.
Entwickelungsgeschichte des Meerschweinchens. Von Th. Ludw. W.
Bischoff.

Odontographie. VergleichendejDarstellung des Zahnsystemes der lebenden und
fossilen Wirbelthiere von C. G. Giebel. 1 Lief. 4to.

Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation. 10th edition. 8vo.
Palaeontographica. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Vorwelt. Herausg. von
W. Dunker und H. Von Meyer. 2 band, lief. 3, 4 ; 3 band, lief. 2, 3.

Naumannia. Archiv fur die Ornithologie, vorzugsweise Europas. Von E.
Baldanus. 2 band. 2 und 3 heft, 1853.

Schreber, “ die Saugethiere.” Fortgesetzt von Wagner. Supplementband. 5
Abtheil. 4to.

The Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology. By Robert B. Todd, M. D. 4
vols. Royal 8vo.

October Ath.

A collection of Tables and Formulae useful in Surveying, Geodesy and practi¬
cal Astronomy. By Capt. T. J. Lee, Topograph. Eng. U. S. A. 2d edition.
8vo. From Col. J. J. Abert.

Mathematics simplified and made attractive, &c. By Thomas Fisher. 8vo.
and Atlas folio. From the Author.

Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York. Vol. 5. No. 6.
From the Lyceum.

Annals of Science. No. 19. From the Editor.

Verhandlungen der Russisch-Kaiserlichen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft zu St.
Petersburg. 1842 to 1849. 6 vols. From the Society.

Schriften der in St. Petersburg gestifteten Russisch-Kaiserlichen Gesell. fur
die gesammte Mineralogie. Vol. 1. Parts 1 and 2. 2 vols. 8vo. From the
same.

October 11 th*

Dr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition :

London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine. September, 1853.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History for September, 1853.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. 1853. Nos. 7 and 8.

Annals de Chimie et de Physique. 3me serie. August, 1853.

Annales des Sciences Naturelles. 3me serie. Tome 19. No. 5.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 37. Nos. 7, 8, 9.

Journal of the Franklin Institute for October, 1853.

October 18^/i.

Report of the Commissioner of Patents for the year 1851. 2 vols. 8vo. From
the Patent Office.

Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Vols. 3 and 4, 8vo.
From the Society.

Virginia Medical and Surgical Journal for October, 1853. From the Editors.
Annals of Science. No. 20. From the Editors.

The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson, on the usual condition:
Versuche fiber die Insecten. Von Carl August Schmid. 1 thiel. 12mo.

Les Abeilles : traduit de l’ltalien de J. Rucellai par M. Pingeron. 12mo.

lxxiv.

Essai historique et politique sur la race des Brebis a laine fine. Par M. Claude
Alstrom. 12mo.

Ausffirliche Geschichte des Hunde, &c. 8vo.

Physikalische Erdbeschreibuug von Ludwig Mitterpacker. 8vo.

Die Erdbeben und Vulkane, physisch und historisch betrachtet. Yon B. G.
Walther. 8vo.

Histoire et Phenomenes du Volcan et des lies Volcaniques de Santorin. Par
M. l’Abbe Pegues. 8vo.

De Part du Fontenier, Sondeur, et des Puits Artesiens. Par F. Gamier. 4to.

Des Vaters Josephs Torrubia Yorbereitung zur Naturgeschichte von Spanien.
4to. ^

II Vesuvio poemetto storico fisico del P. Atanagio Cavalli Carmelitano. 8vo.

L’Art d’elever les Vers a soie ; ouvrage de M. le Conte Dandolo. 8vo. 3me
edition.

Wegweiser durch die Gegend um Eilsen. Von Wilhelm Strach. 8vo.

Museum Astronomique, Geologique et Zoologique. Par M. Cochet. 4to.

V. L. Brera medicinisch-practische Vorselemque fiber die vornehmsten Ein-
geweidewfirmer des Men6chlichen lebenden Korpers und die sogenannten
Wurmkrankheiten. 4to.

Recherches sur la formation et ^existence des Ruisseaux, Rivieres et Tor¬
rens, qui'circulent sur la globe Terrestre. Par M. le Creulx. 4to.

CEuvres d’ Agriculture de M. de Planazee. 4to.

Memoires de Physique sur Part de fabriquer le fer, &c. ParM. Grignore. 4to-

Meditations sur Porigine des Fontaines, Peau des Puits, &c. Par M. Kuhn. 4to.

Dei Fuimi e dei Torrenti libri tre del. P. D. Paoli Frisi Bernabita. 4to.

Explication du flux et reflux dans leurs veritables circonstances.

Essai sur la Marine des Anciens. Par M. Deslandes. l2mo.

Histoire Nationale et Dictionnaire Geographique de toutes les Communes du
Department de la Loire Inferieure. Par Girault de St. Fargeau.' 8vo.

DONATIONS TO MUSEUM
In November and December, 1853.

November l«?f.

Transition Rock, from the Pyrenees. Presented by Dr. Hallowell.

Aboriginal Cranium, from South Carolina. From Dr. R. W. Gibbes, of Co¬
lumbia, S. C.

Specimens of colored clay, dredged from the River Delaware, below Phila¬
delphia. From Capt. Marston, U. S. Navy.

Mounted specimen of Balistes fuliginosus, from the Atlantic Coast, near New¬
port, R. I. From Mr. S. Powel.

November 8th .

Fragment of the lower jaw of Bathygnathus borealis, Leidy, from the New
Red Sandstone Formation of Prince Edward’s Island. Presented by Dr. Leidy,
Mr. Isaac Lea and Mr. Vaux.

Egg of Struthio camelus. From Mr. John Merrick, of Hallowell, Maine.

Specimens of Cicada Septendecim, collected near Baltimore in 1834, and pre¬
sented by Mr. 0. A. Norris.

December 6th.

The following were presented by the Smithsonian Institution: —

Serpents. — Crotalus durissus, from Prairie Mer Rouge, La. ; Crotalophorus
miliarius, Charleston, S. C. ; C. Kirtlandii, from Warren Co., Ohio ; Agkistro-
don contortrix, from Foxburg, Pennsylvania, and Louisiana; Elaps fulvius,from
Charleston, S. C. ; Eutaenia saurita, from Carlisle, Pa. ; E. Faireyi, from Prairie
mer Rouge, La. ; E. ordinata, from Georgia ; E. marciana, from New Brauns-
fels, Texas ; Nerodia sipedon, from Carlisle, Pa.; N. Woodhousii, from New
Braunsfels, Texas; N. Holbrookii, from Prairie, Mer Rouge, La.; Regina leberis,

lxxv.

from Carlisle ; Heterodon platyrhinos, from Virginia; H. simus, from Abbeville,
S. C.; Scottophis guttatus, from Mississippi ; Ophibolus Sayi, from Prairie mer
Rouge ; Bascanion constrictor, from Carlisle, Pa.; Leptophis aestivus, from Mis¬
sissippi ; L. majalis, from Eagle Pass; Chlorosoma vernalis, from Westport, N.
Y.; Diadophis punctatus, from Carlisle, Pa. ; Haldea striatula, from Richmond,
Va.; Farancia abacurus, from Prairie Mer Rouge; Abastor erythrogrammus,
from Savannah, Ga.; Virginia valeriae, from Anderson, S. C.; Celuta amcena,
from Carlisle ; Storeria DeKayi. Pittsburg, Pa.; S. occipito-maculata, from An¬
derson, S. C.

Specimens of Crawfishes. — Cambarus Bartonii, from Coxackie, N. Y.; C. mon-
tanus, from James river, Va.; C. robustus, from Humber River, Toronto ; C.
diogenes, from District of Columbia ; C.Pealei,from Potomac ; C.propinquus, from
Garrison Creek, Sackett’s Harbor; C. Blandingii, from Charleston, S. C.; C.
acutissimus, from Kemper Co., Miss.

December \2th-

Specimen of Pholas dactylus, Lam., in bored Gneiss ; from the Coast of France.
From Mr. Isaac Lea.

Egg of the common fowl, of singular irregular form. From Mr. Phillips.

Mounted specimen of Accipiter Cooperi. From Mr. John Krider.

Specimen of Atelas hybridus, Geoff. From the same.

December 20 tk.

Cast of the Egg of Epiornis, of the Island of Madagascar. Presented by Dr.
J. C. Warren, of Boston.

Tooth of Carcharias megalodon, from the marl of New Jersey. From Dr. G.
Watson.

Mounted specimen of Vulpes fulvus, from the Eastern shore of Maryland.
From Messrs. J. Le Conte, B. H. Rand, S. Ashmead and Zantzinger.

Singular mass of Oak Wood, found in a stream of water ; the ligneous fibres of
which have been washed out, leaving the medullary rays almost entire. From
Rev. W. G. Agnew.

Two fragments of fossil mammals represented as coming from China, (Him¬
alayas?) From Dr. Isaac Hays.

Buteo vulgaris. In exchange from the Wisconsin Natural History Society.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY
In November and December, 1853.

November 1st.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburg, Session 1851-2. Vol. 3, No.
42. From the Society.

Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. No. 35. From the
Society.

Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Vol. 7, No. 1. From
the Editor.

Lord Wrottesley’s speech in the House of Lords, 26th April, J853, on Lieut.
Maury’s plan for improving Navigation. From the author.

Ueber die Luchsarten des Nordens und ihre geographische Verbreitung. Von
Leopold Schrenk. From Prof. Ed. Grube, of Dorpat.

Zur Jubelfeier der K. Universitilt Dorpat am l2ten und 13ten, Dec., 1852.
From the same.

Beschreibung der auf A. Th. v. MiddendorfPs Sibirischer Reise gesammelten
Parasiten. Von Dr. E. Grube. From the author.

Synopseos Crustaceorum Prussicorum Prodromus. Auctore E. G. Zaddach
From Dr. E. G. Grube.

Uebersicht des obern Silurischen Schichten-Systems Liv. und Ehstlands, vor-
namlich ihrer Inselgruppe. ler Theil. Von Alex. Gustav. Schrenk. From
the same.

lxxvi.

Wiirttembergische naturwissenschaftliche Jahreshefte. 9ter Jahrgang. 2 und
3 heft. From the Society.

Vorwort zum vierundzwanzigsten Bande der Verhandlungen der K. Leopold,
Carolin. Akad. der Naturforscher. From the Academy.

Denkschriften der k. Akad. der Wissenschaften. Mathemat-Naturwissen.
Classe. Yol. 3, No. 2, Vol. 4., No. 2. From the Acedemy.

Sitzunssberichte der k. Akad. der Wissen. Mathemat-Naturwissen. Classe.
Yol. 8, Nos. 4 and 5, vol. 9, Nos. 1 and 2. From the same.

Die Feierliche Sitzurig der k. Akad. der Wissen. Am 29, Mai, 1852. From
the same.

Abhandlungen der Mathemat-Physikal. Classe der k. bayeiischen. Akad. der
Wissen. 7th vol., No. 1. From the Academy.

Gelehrte Anzeigen. Herausg. von Mitgl. der. k. bayer. Akad. der Wissen.
Band 35. From the same.

Bulletin der k. Akad. der Wissen. 27 Aug. — 6 Sept., 1852. From the same.
Ueber den Chemismus der Vegetation. Von Dr. A. Vogel, Jr. From the
same.

Das physische Leben in popularen Vortragen. Von Dr. Dan., Fr. Eschricht.
2 Vols. 8vo. From the Author.

Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gessellschaft. Vols. 1—4. Erom the
Society.

Biographical and Historical Memoirs of the early Pioneer Settlers of Ohio.
By S. P. Hildreth, M. D. 8vo. From the Author.

Report of Israel D. Andrews on the Trade and Commerce of the British North
American Colonies, &c. (U.|S. Senate Doc., No. 112.) 8vo. and maps. From
the Author.

On the Venomous Serpents of Georgia. By John Le Conte, M. D. From the
Author.

Proceedings of the American Philosoph. Society. Jan. to June, 1853. From
the Society.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson on the usual condition.
Monograph of the Trochilidae. By John Gould. Parts 5 and 6. Folio.
Monograph of the Rhamphastidae. By John Gould. Part 3. Folio.

The Birds of Asia. By John Gould. Part 5. Folio.

Fortpflanzungsgeschichte der gesammten Vogel. Von F. A. L. Thienemann.
Nos. 7, 8 and 9. 4to.

Palaeontographica. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Vorwelt. Von W.
Dunker und H. Von Meyer. 3 band, 4 lief. 4to.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 37. Nos. 11, 12.

London Athenaeum for September, 1853,

Quarterly Journal of Micro, scopical Science. Vol. 2, No. 1.

London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine for October, 1853.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History for October, 1853.

Monographia Heliceorum Viventium. Auctore Dr. L. Pfeiffer. Vol. 3, 8vo.
The native races of the Indian Archipelago. Papuans. By George Windsor
Earl. 8vo.

Ueber die vulkanischen Gesteine in Sicilien und Island. Von W. Sartorius
von Waltershausen. 8vo.

Mikroskopische Bilder. Naturansichten ans dem kleinsten Raume. Von Dr.
H. Klencke. 8vo.

Bonplandia. Nos, 16, 17, 18.

November 8 tk.

Journal of the Society of Arts of London. Nos. 38 — 42. From the Society.
Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Vel. 21, Part 2, 4to ; Pro¬
ceedings of the same, Nos. 48 to 51 ; List of the Society for 1852. From the
Society.

American Journal of Science and Arts, Nov. 1853. From the Editors.
Rapport anrfuel sur les progres des Sciences Physiques et Chimiques, presente

lxxvii.

a l’Academie Royale des Sciences de Stockholm. Par J. Berzelius. 1841 to 1848.
6 vols. 8vo. From Dr. C. M. Wetherill.

Proceedings of the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club. Vol. 3, No. 3.

Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie. Von K. T. Menke, M.D.,und Dr. L. Pfeiffer.
1853, No. 7. F.om Dr. Wilson.

Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, &c., No. 2. By John Cassin.
From the same.

November 1 5th»

Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege. Vol. 8, 8vo. From
the Society.

Annals of Science, No. 22. From the Editors.

t

November 22 d, •

Die Kechua-Sprache von J. J. von Tschudi. 2 vols. 8vo. From the Author.

Die Huanulager an der peruanischer Kiiste. Von J. J. v. Tschudi. From
the same.

Berichte iiber die Verhandlungen der Konig. Sachsischen Gesellschaft der
Wissen. zu Leipzig. Mathemat-Phys. Classe. 1849 — 52, No. 1, 1853. From
the Society.

Abhandlungen der Mathemat-Phys. Classe der K. Sachsischen Gesellschaft
der Wissenschaften. 1 band 4to. From the Society.

Jahrbuch der kaiserlich. koniglichen geologischen Reichsanstalt. 1842, No.
4. From the Institute.

Sitzungsberichte der Mathemat-Naturwissen. Classe der K. Akad. der Wis¬
sen. 10 band, 4 — 5 Heft. From the Academy.

Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft. 5 band, 1 heft. 8vo.
From the Society.

Oversigt over det Kgl. danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlingar eg dets
Medlemmers Arheider i Aaret 1852. 8vo. From the Society.

Ueber die ewigen Gesetze der Natur die Einfachheit, die Einheit und das all-
mahliche Uebergehen besonders in der Mineralogie, Geologie, &c.. Von Dr.
Ami Boue. From the Author.

Also, from the same donor, the following :

Ueber die jetzige Palaeontologie und die Mittel, diese Wissenschaft zu heben.
Von Dr. Ami Boue.

Ueber die Karten der Gebirge und Thaler-Richtungen. Von Dr. A. Boue.

Erlauterungen iiber die im Loss des Rheinthales im Jahre 1823 aufgefundenen
Menschenknochen. Von Dr. A. Boue.

Ueber die Umgekehrte Lagerung der Gebirgsmassen. Von Dr. A. Boue.

Ueber das Erdbeben, welches Mittel Albanien im Oct. D. I. So Schrecklich
getroffen hat. Von Dr. A. Boue.

Ueber die Nothwendigkeit die Erdbeben und vulcanischen Erscheinungen
genauer als bis jetzt beobachten zu lassen. Von Dr. A. Boue.

Ueber die wissenschaftliche und praktische Wichtigkeit einer genauen geog-
nostischen Aufnahme aller grossen Durchbriiche. Von Dr. Ami Boue.

Vortrag des W. M. Hernn Dr. Boue, in der Sitzung der Math. Naturwissen.
Classe am 30 Jan., 1851.

Der ganze Zweek und der hohe Nutzen der Geologie. V@n Dr. A. Boue.

Retrospective iiber die verschiedene Charakteristik der mechanischen Ablage-
rungen der Fliisse, der Susswasser-Seen und der Meere, besonders in der Allu-
vial-Zeit. Von Dr. A. Boue.

Esquisse Geologique de la Turquie d’Europe. Par A. Boue.

Bemerkungen fiber sein Werk la Turquie d’Europe, von Dr. Boue.

Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Gefasskryptogamen von W. Hoffmeister.

Ueber die Musikalische Tonbestimmung und Temperatur. Von M. W. Dro-
bisch.

Entwickelung des Products einer Potenz des Radius Vectors, &c. Von P. A.
Hansen.

lxxviii.

The following were presented by Dr. Wilson on the usual condition :

Odontographie. Vergleichende Darstellung des Zahnsystemes der lebenden
und fossilen Wirbelthiere von C. G. Giebel. 2 lief, 4to.

Rudolph Wagner’s leones Physiologicae. lte und 2te lief.

Comptes Rendus. Tome 37. Nos. 13, 14, 15.

Annales de Chimie, Sept, and Oct., 1853.

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1853, No. 9.

Journal of the Franklin Institute, Nov., 1853.

* December 6th.

The Virginia Medical and Surgical Journal, Nov., 1853. From the Editors.

Annual Report of the Superintendent of the Coast. Survey for the year ending
Nov., 1851. 8vo. and Atlas 4to. From the U. S. Treasury Department.

The Charleston Med. Journal and Review, Nov., 1853. From the Editors.

Journal of the Society of Arts (London,) Nos. 43 — 47. From the Society.

Index polyglossus Avium et Piscium magis communium. From Dr. F. Bache.

Verhandlungen des zoologisch-botanischen Vereins in Wien. Vols. 1 and 2
8vo. From the Association.

Histoire physique, politique et Naturelle del’Ile de Cuba. Par M. Ramon de
la Sagra. Livs. 62 — 72. From Messrs. Vaux, Elwyn, Clay and Carpenter.

Annales des Sciences Naturelles. 3me serie. Zoologie, Tomes 15, 16, 17,
18 ; Botanique, Tomes 15, 16, 17, 18. From Dr. Wilson.

December 13 th.

The U. S. Grinnell Expedition in search of Sir John Franklin. A personal
narrative. By E. K. Kane, M. D. 8vo. From the Author, through the Hon.
J. K. Kane.

Eloge Historique d’ Etienne GeofFroy St. Hilaire. Par M. Flourens. From
the author, through Mr. Isaac Lea.

List of Infusorial objects, found chiefly in the vicinity of Salem, Mass. By
Thomas Cole, A. M. From Mrs. Cole.

v

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