Return to LIBRARY OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY WOODS HOLE, MASS. Loaned by American Museum of Natural History PROCEEDINGS,' OP THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES VOL. VIII. 1856. PHILADELPHIA PRINTED FOR THE ACADEMY: By Merrihew & Thompson, Lodge St., North side of Penna. Bank. 1857. PEOCEEDINGSl ^ OP THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. YOL. VIII. 1856. PHILADELPHIA. PRINTED FOR THE ACADEMY: By Merrihew & Thompson, Lodge St., North aide of Penna. Bank. 1857. \s }3 /\ i'^ ^ '^• ▼v INDEX TO VOLUME VIII. Ashtread, S., remarks on presenting algae, 79 ; don. to mus., i. v. vi. ix. xviii. xix. xxviii. Ashmead, Sam. B., death of, 257. Academy, Imperial, of Science, don. to lib., xii. Academy Roy. Imp. Meteorol. and Mag., don. to lib., xii. American Acad. Arts and Sci., don. to lib. xvii. Agnew, W. G. E., don. to mus., xxviii. Academy of Sciences of Lyons, &c., don to lib., xxx. Blake, W. P., elected cor., 59 ; don. to lib., iii. Billings, Mr., specimen, remarks on, by Dr. Leidy, 62. Boston Society of Nat. Hist., don. to lib. iii. Bigler, Hon. W., don. to lib., vi. Bridges, R., M. D., Vice President, verbal com. on iron ore, 102 ; don. to mus., xiv. Bond, F., don. to mus., xix. Bronn, Prof., don. to lib., xv. xxxiii. Bailey, Prof., 79. Barton, Dr. T. R., don. to mus., i. Burtt, J. L.,M. D., U. S. N., don. to mus., iv. Barnet, G. J., don. to mus. v. Burke, W. G., don. to mus., v. British Museum, 161. Binney, W. G.,214, don. to mus. xxviii. Brazier, A. J., don. to lib., xv. Boker, Dr., don to mus., xviii. Baker, R. B., don. to mus., xix- Bowers, Mr., don. to mus., xx. Bronn, Dr., don. to lib., xx. Berkeley, M. J., don. to lib., xxiii. xxiv. Berkeley and Broome, don. to lib., xxiii. Berkeley & Welwitsch, don. to lib., xxiv. Berkeley 8e Curtis, don. to lib., xxiv. Berkeley & Desmazieres, don. to lib.., xxiv. Babbage, C, don. to lib., xxvi. Bailey, Rev. Mr., don. to mus., xxvii. Committees on Scientific papers : on " enumeration of mosses," by T. F. James, 1 ; on Ambystoma, by E. Hal- lowell, M. D., 1; on two new Ich- thyodorulites, by Jos. Leidy, M. D., 4, 5 ; a new synopsis of the Myceto- phagidae of the U. S., by J. L. Le- Conte, M. D., 5 ; synopsis of the Phalacridas of U. S., ib., 5 ; notice of Scarabffiidae in United States, ib., 5; table of species of Chlasnius in United States, ib., 5 ; on synop- sis of species of Chrysomela and allied genera in U. S., by W. F. Rogers, 5 ; on notes on N. American birds in A. N. S., by John Cassin, 5 ; on synopsis of Entozoa, Sec, by J. Leidy, M. D., 5 ; on notice of re- mains of extinct mammalia from Ne- braska, by the same, 5; descriptions of remains of fishes from Carbonifer- ous and Devonian formations of U. S., by J. Leidy, M. D., 61 ; descrip- tions of some remains of fossil mam- malia, ib., 61 ; on new species of Gasteropoda from Nebraska, by Messrs. Meek & Hayden, 62 ; on n fossil genus of the fam. Blastoidea,bv Messrs. Shumard and Yandeli ; 62; remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. Hayden on Judith river, by J. Leidy, M. D., 62 ; on three extinct fishes, ib., 76; on the sandstone fossils of the Connecticut river, by J. Deane, M. D., 76 ; new IV. INDEX. fresh water shells of California, by I. Lea, 76 ; a new species of Triquetra, ib., 76 ; a new genus of Naiades, ib., 76 ; notice of remains of extinct mam- malia, discovered by Dr. Hayden in Nebraska, by J. Leidy, RI. D., 76 ; a a new snake from Illinois, R. Kenni- cott, 77 ; thirty new species of fossil Acephala and Gasteropoda from Ne- braska, by Messrs. Meek & Hayden, 77 ; on fossil remains of a Seal from Ottawa river, U. C, by J. Leidy, M. D., 77 ; on several new genera and species of fossil fishes of carbonifer- ous strata, Ohio, by J. S. Newberry, M. D., 78 ; Plantae Kaneanae Arcticae at Polaris, by E. Durand, lOl ; on new articulata, by A. Sager, 102 ; on four new exotic Uniones, by L Lea, 102; thirteen species exotic Peristo- mata, ib., 104 ; on Synopsis Fungo- rum in America, by Messrs. Berke- ley & Curtis, 104 ; on new species fossil Acephala and Gasteropoda from Nebraska, by Messrs. Meek & Hay- den, 105; contributions to the Ich- thyology of west coast U. S., by C. Girard, M. D., 105 ; on Ceratites, by Prof. L. Harper, 105 ; examination of meteoric iron from Xiquipilco, by W. .T.Taylur,]05; two new Urodeles from Georgia, by E. Hallowell, M. D., 105 ; new gen. and sp. Urodela of U. S. Exploring Expedition, by C. Gi- rard, M.D., 139; fifteen new species exotic Melaniana, by I.Lea, 139; new sp. Hyla, by J. L. LeConte, M. D., 140; notes on new reptiles in A. N. S., by E. Hallowell, M. D., 141 ; on new sp. African birds in A. N. S., from P. DuChaillUjby J. Cassin, 144 ; on remains of extinct Vertebrata, by J. Leidy, M. D., 161 ; on Cyprinoid fishes of fresh waters west of Missis- sippi, &c., by C. Girard, M. D., 162 ; on the Byssus in genus Unio, by I. Lea, 163; Synopsis of the Melolon- thidae,by J. L. LeConte,M.D.,215 : on genus Salmo in California, by C. Girard, M. D., 215 ; extinct verte- brata of N. Jerst^y from Prof. Cook, by J. Leidy, M. D., 2l5 ; new species of birds in Nat. Mus. and in Mus. A. N. S., by J. Cassin, 216; on reptiles in A. N. S., by E. Hal- lowell, M. D., 216; on Dr. Ham- mond's reptiles from Kansas and Ne- braska, ib., 216; on extinct Verte- brata discovered by Prof. E.Emmons, by J. Leidy, 216; on extinct fishes discovered by J. E. Evans, M. D. . ib., 216 ; on new species Tanager . by Mr. Sclater, 259 ; eleven new sp . Uniones from Georgia, by I. Lea, 259; existing Moliusca in Little Lakes, by J. Lewis, M. D., 259 ; oii a new bird of genus Campylorhyn- chus of Spix, by P. L. Sclater, 260 ; birds of Southern Indiana, by R. Hay- mond, 260; notice of remains of two sp. Seal, by J. Leidy, M. D., 260 ; new fossil Moliusca of Nebraska,with a catalogue, by Messrs. Meek & Hay- den, 269; new and remarkable genus- Ranidae from river Parana, by E. Hal- lowell, M. D., 261 ; remarks on ex- tinct sp. fishes, by J. Leidy, M. D.. 299 ; classification of the vegetable kingdom, by T. G. Hilgard, M. D., 300; on extinct turtles of N. Jersey, by J. Leidy, M. D., 300 ; on Dr. Heermann's collection of Texan rep- tiles, by E. Hallowell, M. D., 301; on extinct Vertebrata discovered by F. V. Hayden, by J. Leidy, M. D., 301 ; catalogue of birds collected by Mr. DuChaillu at Cape Lopez, by J. Cassin, 301 ; description of three new genera and twenty-three new sp. of tertiary fossils from California and one from Texas, by T. A. Conrad, 301. Committees : on letters of Dr. Lewis. 259 ; on letters of Prof. Oldham anr! of T. Biddle, Jr., 260. Committees, election of standing, 3. Clanton, S. W., M. D., don. to mus... xix. xxvi. Curtis & Berkeley, don. to lib., xxiv. Coates,B. H., M. 1)., don. to lib., xviii. Canadian Institute, don. to lib., xvii. Cassin, John; notes on N. American birds in collection of A. N. S. and Nat. Mus., 39 ; resolutions by, 76, 77, 143 ; descriptions of new sp. Afri- can birds in mus. A.N. S., collected by Mr. P. B. DuChaillu in Equatorial Africa, 156; descriptions and notes oii birds in col. A. N. S. and in Nat. Mus., 253 ; letter from Mr. Du- Chaillu, 300; catalogue of birds col- lected at Cape Lopez, W. Africa, by Mr. P. B. DuChaillu, in 1856, &c., 316. Camac, W., M. D.,don. to mus., iv. Corse, Dr., don. to mus., ix. Carson, J., M. D., 139, 261 : don. to mus., ix. Coppedge, O. D., don. to mus., xxvii. Chandler, W. P., don. to mus., xxviii. INDEX. V. Coleman, W., don. to mus., x. Cope, Alfred, 141. Cresson, C. M., don. to mus., xiv. Coppee, Prof. H., 327. Coles, E., don. to lib., xvi. Cabanis, Dr., don. to lib., xvi. Correspondents elected : Rauch, John H., M. D., 4. Steiner, Lewis H., 1. Green, J. W., M. D., 4. Blake, W. P., 59. Hayden, F. V., M. »., 75. Von Mviller, Baron J. W., 141. Davis, J. Barnard, 159. Sclater, Philip Lutley, 298. Elliott, Right Rev. Stephen, 298. Conrad, T. A., descriptions of three new genera; twenty-three new sp. of middle tertiary fossils from Cali- fornia and one from Texas, 312. Deane, James, M.D., on the Sandstone Fossils of the Connecticut river, 76; don. to lib., xi. Drinker, Sandwith, Esq., 76, 299 ; don. to mus., ix. Dock, Dr., don. to mus., v. Dana, J. D., Prof., don. to lib., Vii. xvi. xxi Durand, Mr., 101. Davis, Jos. Barnard, 216. Davidson, Geo. B., don. to mus., xiv. xix. XX. Draper, E., don. to mus., xiv. Dickinson, W. E, don. to mus., xiv. Dunlap, T., 327. De Vesey,L., 327. Damazieres & Berkeley, don. to lib., xxiv. Denny, W. H., don. to lib., xxxiii. Dewey, H. B., don. to mus., xxviii. Election, — Standing Committees, 3 ; of members and correspondents, 4, 59, 75, 138, 141, 159, 214,257,298, 327; annual of officers, &c., 326 ; of libra- rian, 159. Editors Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, don. to lib., iii. vi. xi. xv. xx. xxx. Editors Charleston Med. Joura. and Rev., don. to lib., iii. vii. xi. xv. xx. xxx. Editors N. O. Med. and Surg. Journ., don. to lib., viii. xii. xx. xxiii. Editors N. Y. Med. Times, iii. viii. xii. XV. xvii. XX. Editor Canadian Nat. and Geologist, don. to lib., xi. xvi. xxiii. Edwards, Milne, don. to lib., xiii. Editors of Louisville Review, xvi. Editors Peninsular Journ. Med., don. to lib., xvii. Elwyn, A. L., M.D., resolution by, 75. Eckert, J. R. & F. S., execrs. of J. Read, 104. Eckert, Mrs. M., don. to mus., ix. Elliott, Rt. Rev. Stephen, 298. Editors of Canadian Journal, don. to lib., xxiii xxxiii. xxxv. Earle, G. W., don. to mus., xxvi. xxvii. Engelman, don. to lib., xxx. Essex Institute, don. to lib., xxx. Fisher, J. C, M.D., don. to mus., ix. xviii. Frazer, J. F., don. to mus., ix. Foltz, Dr., U. S. N., don. to mus., x. Forbes, W. S., 214. Francfort, Eugene, M. D., 257. Frauenfeld, George, don. to lib., xiii. Fisher, C, don- to mus., xx. Foulke, W. P., don. to mus., xxvi. Farrady and Reiss, don. to lib., xxx. Guillou, C, don. to mus., i. xiv, xix. Gilliams, don. to mus., i. Gilliss, Lieut., J. M., U. S. N., don. to lib., ii. Girard, Chas., M. D., contributions to the Ichthyology of the W. coast of the U.S., from specimens in the Mus. Smith. Inst., 131 ; on a new genus and species of Urodela, from the col- lections of U. S. Expl. Exped., &c., 140; researches upon the Cyprinoid fishes inhabiting the fresh waters of the United States of A., west of the Mississippi valley, &c., &c., 165 ; notice upon the species of the genus Salmo of Authors, observed chieflj' in Oregon and California, 216. Gilpin, Chas., don. to mus., xix. Garrigues, S. S., M. D., 138; don. to mus., xxvi. Gobrecht, W. H., M. D., 141. Griffith, R. E., M. D., 257. Genth, F. A., M. D., don. to lib., xiii ; don. to mus., xviii. Gross, Prof. S. D., 327. Gray, Asa, don. to lib., xxiii. Gleizes, J. A., don. to lib., xxvi. Gould, Dr. A. A., don. to lib., xxx. Haymond, Rufus, M.D., Birds of south eastern Indiana, 286. VI. INDEX. Hilgard, T. C, M.D., 301 ; synopsis of a new classification of the vegetable kingdom, 304. Hartman, W. D., M. D., don. to mus., xviii. Hayes, I. I., M. D., don. to mus., xx. xxvii. Holbrook, Prof. J., don. to mus.. xix. Hesse, F. G., 298. Hoopes, B. A., elected cor., 59; don. to mus., iv. V. xiv. Hayden,F.V.,M.D., see F. B. Meek and F. V. Hayden, 63, 70, 72, 75, 77, 81, 109, 265. Hamilton, F. H., don. to lib., xv. Hammond, Dr., U. S. A., don. to mus., xix. xxvii. Hill, W. A., don. to mus., ix. Hill, A. C, don. to mus., ix. x. Hallowell, E. M. D., description of several species of Urodela, with remarks on the distribution of the Caducibranchiate division, and their classification, 6 ; description of two new species of IJrodeles from Geor- gia, 130 ; notes on the reptiles in mus. A. N. S., 144; on several new sps. reptiles in A. N. S., 153; notes on the reptiles in A. N. S., 221; notice of a collection of reptiles from Kan- sas and Nebraska, presented to A. N. S. by Dr. Hammond, U. S. A., 328 ; on a new and remarkable genus of Ranidae, from the river Parana, 298 ; notice of Dr. Heermann's collection of reptiles from near San Antonio, Texas, 3U6 ; description of a new genus of Colubriform serpents, from California: don. to mus., iv. ix. xiv.; remarks on Urodeles, 101. Harper, Prof. L., on Ceratites Ameri- canus, 126. Hooker, Sir W., per A. Gray, don. to mus., i. Hanson, W. C, don. to mus., i. Hazlehurst, S., per J. A. Clay, don. to mus., i, Horner, J. G., don. to mus., iv. Hart, C. P., M. D., don. to mus., v. Hopkins, Prof. W., don. to lib., viii. Harlan, R., Jr.. don. to mus., xxvi. Heermann, Dr., don. to mus., xxvii. Howell, S. B., don. to mus., xxvi. Institute Roy. Imp. of Geology, don. to lib., xii. See Society. Tardin des plantes Paris, exch. with mus., V. Tackson, C. T., exch. with lib., vii. Jeanes, Jos., don. to mus., ix. Jordan, A., don. to lib., xxx. Kennicott, R., Esq., description of a new snake from Illinois, 77,95; don. to lib., viii.; don. to mus., ix. Kennedy, R. W., don. to mus. i. Krider, John, don. to mus., v. xiv. Kane, Dr., don. to mus., ix. x. Keller, William, M. D., don. to mus., ix. Kittoe, E. D., M. D., don. to mus., xiv. Kane and Mitchell, don. to mus., xiv. King, A., M. D., don. to mus., xviii. Kite, T., don. to mus., xix. Kuhn, C, don. to mus., xx. Kennedy, Dr. H. W., don. to mus., xxvi. Kirtland, Dr. J. P., don. to mus., sxviii. Knieskern, P. D., xxvii. Lea, Isaac, Vice Prest. ; descripiton of new fossil fresh water shells, of California; description of a new spe- cies of Triquetra, Klein ; description of a new genus of Naiades, 76; de- scription of twenty-five new species of Exotic Uniones, 77, 92 ; remarks on a tooth of a Sauroid reptile, from near Phcenixville, 77 ; description of a new sub-genus of Naiades, 79 ; de- scription of new fresh water Shells, from California, 80; description of thirteen new species of Exotic Peris- tomata, 109; description of twenty- five new species of Exotic Uniones, 92 ; description of four new species of Exotic Uniones, 103; descrip- tion of fifteen new species of Ex- otic Melaniana, 144 ; description of the Byssus in the genus Unio, 213; exhibits specimens of Uniones with Byssus, 215; description of eleven new species of Exotic Uniones, from Georgia, 262 ; com. on Triquetra lanceolata ? — now named Contorta, 300 ; don. to mus., v ; don. to lib., xiii. Leidy, Joseph, M. D., exhibits heart of a dog containing worms, 2 ; paper on two new Ichthyodorulites, 4; paper on entozoa, &c., 5; description of two Ichthyodorulites, 11 ; a synopsis of Entozoa and some of their Ecto-con- geners, observed by the Author, 42 ; notices of some remains of extinct Mammalia, recently discovered by Dr. F.V.Hayden in the Bad Lands of Nebraska, 59; remarks on a specimen from Mr. Billings, 62 ; notice of re- mains of extinct Reptiles and Fishes, INDEX. Vll discovered by Dr.F.V.Haydeu in the Bad Lands of Judith river, Nebraska Territory,72 ; notices of three extinct Fishes, 76; notices of remains of ex- tinct Mannmalia, discovered by F.V. Hayden, in Nebraska Territory, 76; notices of the remains of a species of seal, from the Post-pliocene deposit of the Ottowa river, U. C, 77, 90 ; notices of several genera of extinct Mammalia, previously less perfectly characterized, 77, 91 ; notices of ex- tinct Mammalia, discovered by Dr. F. V. Hayden, in Nebraska Territory, 88 ; notice of some remains of ex- tinct vertebrated animals, by Joseph Leidy, M. D., 163; notices of re- mains of extinct vertebrated animals of New Jersey, collected by Prof. Cook, of the State Geo. Survey, un- der Dr. W. Kitchell, 220 ; notices of remains of extinct vertebrated ani- mals, discovered by Prof. E. Em- mons, 2 55; notice of some remains of Fishes, discovered by Dr. J. E. Evans, 256; notice of remains of two species of seals, 265 ; remarks on cer- tain extinct species of Fishes, 301 ; notices of remains of extinct Turtles of New Jersey, collected by Prwf. Cook, &c., under Dr. W. Kitchell, 303 ; notices of extinct Vertebrata, discoved by Dr. F. V. Hayden, dur- ing the Expedition to the Sioux coun- try, &C.J 311 ; don. to mus., ix. xiv. xix. Library Co., of Phila., don. to lib., xi. Latour, M. Huguet, don. to lib., ii. xxxv. xxxvi. Lesley, Chas., 999. Lang, E., M. D., death of, 261. Lewis, J., M. D., on living Mollusca in Little Lakes, 259. Lacombe, Dr. A., don. to mus., xiv. Lobeck, Dr. J. F., don. to lib., xiii. Lepsius, Dr. R., don. to lib., xi. Lewis, S., M. D., don. to mus., v. xix. Lacordaire, M. Th., don. to lib., vii. Lamborn, R. H., don. to mus,, i. iv. Lyceum Nat. Hist., N. Y., don. to lib., vii. Lawson, Genl. T., M. D., don. to lib., viii. Lawson, the Misses, privilege to en- dorse tickets Le Conte, J. L., M.D., papers by, refer- red to Com., 5; synopsis of the Myce- tophagidae of the U. S., 11; synopsis of the Phalacridae of the U. States, 15 ; note on the genus Lithodus, of Schonherr, 18 ; notices of three gene- ra of ScarabaeidoE found in the Ut S., 19; analytical table of the species Chlaenius found in the U.S., 25 ; dou. to lib., vii. ; don. to mus., x. xiv. xviii. xix. Le Conte, Major John, don. to mus., i. xiv. ; description of a new species ot Hyla, from Georgia, 146. Lea, Joseph, don. to mus., xxvii. Logan, Dr., don. to mus., xxvii. Lowe, E. J., don. to lib., xxxiii. Letters : — American Antiquarian Soc, 1, 61,77. Lyceum of Natural History, Fort Des Moins, i. Linnaean Soc. of London, 4. Am. Philosoph. Soc. 4, 162. Smithsonsian Institution 4, 5, 77,16^. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 5, 161. Lyceum Nat. Hist. N. Y., 5, 76. Lnperial Soc. of Naturalists of Mos- cow, 76, 104, 139. Trustees of N. York State Library 76. University of Wurtzburg, 76. Phila. Annual Conference of M. Epis- copal Church, 76. Roy. Lib. of University of Gottin- gen, 77. Univ. Lib. of Heidelberg, 77. Univ. of Jena, 77. Nat. Hist. Soc. of Dantzic, 77. Wurtemburg Nat. Hist- Soc, 77, Imperial Geological Inst, of Vienna, 104, 299. Seuckenberg Nat. Hist. Soc, 104. Soc for Advance, of Horticulture, Berlin, 104. Roy. Acad. Sci., Amsterdam, 104. K. L. C. Acad. Sci.,Breslau, 104. Roy. Bavarian Acad. Sci., 104. Acad. Sci., St. Louis, 104, 161. Soc. for succor of drowned persons, Amsterdam, 139. Zoologische Botanischen Verein, of Vienna, 139, 299. Canadian Institute, 161. British Museum, 161. Roy. Soc. Liege, 161. Nat. Hist. Union of Prussian, Rhine- land and Westphalia, 161. Roy. Acad. Sci., Madrid, 162. Roy. Bar. Acad., Lib. Dept. 215. Royal Society of Sciences at Upsal, 215,299. Roy. Acad. Sci. Naples, 215. Prot. Episc. Gen. Convention, 216. vm. INDEX. Trustees Australian Museum, 216. Sec. of State of United States, 216. Inap. Soc. Sci. and Belles-Lettres Lyons, 259. Linnsean Soc. of Lyons, 259. Innp. Soc. Agriculture and Nat. Hist. Lyons, 259. Imp. Acad. Sciences, Vienna, 299. Dublin University Zoolog. and Bolan. Association, 300. Soc. Arts, Manufactures and Com merce, London, 301. Letters from individuals : — Steiner, Lewis H., 1. Hayes, L I., 4. Wood, W. W., 4. Wilson, Dr. Joseph, 4. ' Ashmead, Saml., 4. Billings, E., 61, 101. Drinker, S., 61. Tuckerman, E., 61,101. Gibbs, George, 61, 105. Sauvalle, A.,62, 161. Blake, W. P., 62. Rauch, T. H., 76. Peters, T. M., 76. Meek, F. B., 101. Sager, Abrm., 102. Frauenfeld, Geo., 104. Koch, Prof. Karl, 104. Eckert, J. R. & F. S. Execu., 10^. Burlag, R. C, 139. Kane, E. K., M. D., 139. Bronn, H. G., 139. Barr, M., 140. Hayden, F. V., 161. Shumard, B. F„ 161. Binney, W. G., 215. Kennedy, W. H., 215. Davis, J. B., 216. Oldham, Mr., 260. Lewis, Dr. J., 259. Biddle, Thos., Jr., 260. Bowman, Capt. A. W., 261. Sclater, P. L., 299. Hammond, W. A., M. D., 299. Lowe, E. J., 299. McChesney, Dr., 299. Kirtland, J. P., 300. DuChaillu, P. B., 300. Members elected : — Uhler, Wm. M., M.D., 4. Wilson, Joseph, M.D., U. S. N. 4. Hayes, Isaac L, M.D., 4. Blackwood, Wm., M. D., 4. Jeanes, Samuel, 4. Gibbs, George, 4. Caldwell, J. E., 75. Cresson, Chas. M,, M.D., 75. Brasier, A. J., 75. Hoopes, B. A., 59. Boker, C. S., M.D., 138. McAllister, John, Jr., 138. Garrigues, S. S., M.D., 138. Cope, Alfred, 141. Gobrecht, Dr. W. H., 141. Mayberry, Wm., M.D., 159. Morton, Thos. G., 159. Morehouse. G. R., 159. Binney, W. G., 214. Forbes, W. S.. 214. Weightman, Wm., 214. Wilson, EUwood, M.D., 257, Griffith, R. E., M.D., 257. Francfort, Eugene, M.D., 257. Hesse, F. G., 298. Zeigler, Geo. J., M.D., 298. Packard, J. H., 298. Coppee, Prof. H., 327. De Vesey, Louis, 327. Gross, Prof. S. D., 327. Smith, A. H., M.D., 327. Dunlap, Thos., 327. Mohl, H., don. to lib., xxiii. Montague, C, M.D., don. to lib.,xxiv. Meek, F. B. and F. V. Hayden, M.D.: descriptions of new species of Gas- teropoda from the Cretaceous forma- tions of Nebraska Territory, 63 ; des- criptions of new species of Gastero- poda and Cephalopoda from the Cre. taceous formation of Nebraska Terri- tory, 70 ; descriptions of thirty new species of Acephala and Gasteropoda from the Cretaceous formations of Nebraska Territory, 77, 81; descrip- tions of Acephala and Gasteropoda from the Tertiary formations of Ne- braska Territory, &c., &c., Ill ; des- criptions of new fossil species of Mollusca, collected by Dr. F. V. Hayden in Nebraska Territory, to- gether with a complete catalogue, &c., &c., 265. Mettenheimer, A. C, don. to lib., xvi. Managers and Treas. Maryland Inst., don. to lib., xv. Meek, F. B., don. to lib., vii. Martin, Dr., U. S. N., don, to mus., xiv. Mitchell, S. W., M.D., don. to lib., xvii.; don. to mus., xiv. xix. Miles, Dr., don. to mus., xx. xxvii. McAllister. John, Jr., 138. Morris, Dr., on A. St. Martin, 138. McClellan, J. H. B., M.D., don. to mus., ix. ; don. to lib , xxxi. McClellan, Capt., don. to mus., ix. Meigs, C. D. Dr., don. to mus., x. INDEX. IX. Mercantile Lib. Assoc, N. York, don. to lib., xiii. Mitchell, S, W., don. to mus., xiv. McChesnej-j Dr., 299; don. to mus. xxvii. Morris, Dr. C, 301. McCandles, J., don. to mus.; xxvii. Newberry, J. S., M.D., description of several new genera and species of fossil Fishes from the Carboniferous strata of Ohio, 78, 96.' Notaris, Professor G. de, don. to lib., xxiii. Navy Department of U. S., don. to lib., xii. Nott, Dr. J., don. to mus., xx. xxvii. Newcomb; Dr. W.jdon. to mus. xxvii. Oldham, Prof., letter, 260. Pell, Duncan E., don. to mus., i. Publication Com., don. to lib., iii. Patent Office, don. to lib., xxxv. Peters, T. M., don. to mus., v. Phillips, J. S., don. to mus., x, xix. Packard, J. H., 298. Potts, J. G., don. to mus., xix. Pierce J., don. to mus., xx. Philadelphia Lib. Co., don. to lib., xi. Report of Committee on paper of T. P. James. 1 ; on Dr. Hallowell's paper, 5 ; on Dr. Leidy's papers, descrip- tion of some remains of Fishes from the Carboniferous and Devonian for- mations of the U.S., and description of some remains of extinct Mammalia, 62 ; on papers of Drs. Meek and Hay- den ; on Dr. Leidy's and on Drs. Shumard and Yandell's papers, 62 ; on Mr. Lea's papers, on Dr. Leidy's paper, on Mr. Kennicott's, on Messrs. Meek and Hayden's, on Dr. Leidy's, on Mr. Lea's, on Dr. Newberry's, 79; on Mr. Durand's paper, 103 ; on Mr. Lea's paper, 103 ; on Messrs. Berke- ley and Curtis' paper, 108; on Mr. Sanger's paper, 108 ; on Mr. Lea's, 108; on Messrs. Meek and Hayden's 108; on Mr. Taylor's, 108; on Dr. Hallowell's, 108 ; on Mr. Girard's, contributions to the Ichthyology of W. coast of U. S., 139 : on Dr. Gir- ard's paper, 140 ; on Mr. Lea's paper. on Major Le Conte's, on Dr. Hal- lowell's, and on Mr. Cassin's, 144 ; on Dr. Leidy's paper, on Dr. Girard's paper, on Mr. Lea's paper, 163; 0!i Dr. Le Conte's paper, 216; on Drs. Girard and Leidy's, 216 ; on Mr. Cas- sin's, 216; on Dr. Hallowell's, 216 . on Dr. Leidy's, 216 ; on Messrs. Sclater's, Haymond's, Leidy's, Meek and Hayden's, and Hallowell's, 261 ; on Dr. Leidy's, Mr. Hilgard's, Drs. Hallowell's, Leidy's, and Messrs. Cassin and Conrad's papers, 301. Regents of N. Y. University, don. to lib., xxiii. Ruschenberger, W. S. W., M. D., don. to mus., ix. X. xix. Roy. Acad. Sci., Munich, don. to mus., XV. Report of Treasurer, 326. Report of Mr. Ord from Com. onWilson Monument fund, 138. Report of Mr. Cassin from Com. on list of Correspondents, 138. Report of Corresponding Sec, for Dec. and Jan., 2, .322 ; for Feb, and March, 75; 138. Report, Annual, of Recording Sec, 2, 322. Report of Curators for 1856, 325. Report of Com. to revise list of mem- bers, by Dr. Le Conte, 214. Report, Special, of Com. on Proceed- ings, 322. Report of Librarian for 1856, 325. Report of Publication Committee, 326- Resolutions: Mr. Haldeman's resolution in favor of the Misses Lawson, 4; Dr. Elwyn, 75 ; Mr. Cassin's, as to Mr. Drinker, 76 ; as to Mr. Wood, 77 ; Dr. Leidy's in favor of St. Louis Acad. Sci., 103; ibid, as to Stat^ Med. Soc, 103. Rand, T. D. H., don. to mus., xix. Rogers, W. F., paper by, 5 ; synopsis of species of Chrysomela and allied genera, inhabiting the U. S.,29 ; don. to mus., iv. Richards, F. De B-, don. to mus., iv. Reed, Jas., Execrs. of, 104. Rand, Dr., 143,257,261 ; don. to mus., xviii. Rush, J. M., U. S. N., 143. Retzius, Prof. A., don. to lib., xxsiii. Sedgwick, Prof., don. to lib., iii. xi. State of New Jersey, don. to lib., xv. Smith, A. H., 143, 327 ; don. to mus... i. xix.; don. to lib., viii. xxxi. INDEX. Smith, Capt. H. J., don. to raus. i. Society Nat. Hist, of Prussian Rhine- land and Westphalia, don. to lib., XX. Society, Roy., of Sciences, Munich, don. to lib., XX. Society, Imp., of Naturalists, ot Mos- cow, don. to lib., xiii. Society, Boston, of Nat. Hist., don. to lib., iii. vii. xi. xvii. xx. xxiii. xxx. Sociely, Elliott, of Charleston, S. C, don. to lib., xii. Society of Arts, London, don. to lib., iii. xii. xxvi. xxx. Society of Entomology, Stettin, don. to lib., XV. Society, Linnaean, of London, don. to lib-, iii. Society, Zoological, of London, don. to lib., iii. XXXV. Society, Wurtemberg, Nat. Hist., don. to lib., XX. Society, Am. Philosophical, don. to lib., iii. xvii. Society, Am. Antiquarian, don. to lib., viii. Society, Hist., of Pa., don. to lib., xi. Society, Wurtemburg, Nat., don. to lib., xii. Society for rescuing the drowned, Am- sterdam, don. to lib., xv. Society, Royal, of Edinburgh, don. to ' lib., xxx. Society, Linnean, of Lyons, don. to lib. xxx. Society, Imp., of Agri. of Lyons, don. to lib., xxx. Society, Nat. Hist., Halle, don. to lib., xxxiii. Society, Nat. Hist., of Geneva, don. to lib., xxxiii. Society, Geol. and Polytec. Yorkshire, don. to lib., xxxiii. Society, Leeds Philosophical, don. to lib., xxxiii. Society of Nat. Hist., of Senckenberg, don. to lib., xv. xvi. -Society of Arts, Sci., and Lett., of Hainau, don. to lib., xv. Society, Imp., of Sci. and Agri., at Lille, don. to lib., xxi. Society, Imp., of Nat. Sci., of Cher- bourg, don. to lib., xxi. Societ) , Roy., of Sciences, of Madrid, don. to lib., xxi.» Society, Roy., of Sciences, of Turin, don. to lib., xxi. Society, Geological, of Turin, don. to lib., xxiii. Society, Imperial Academy, of Bor- deux, don. to lib., xxiii. Society, Royal, of Sciences, of Liege. don. to lib., xx. School of Mines, don. to lib., xxx. xxi. Sheafer, P. W., don. to mus., iv.xxvii. Steiner. L. H., M. D., 1 ; don. to lib.. XV. XXXV. Streng, T. A., don. to mus., iv. Sauvalle, F. A., don. to mus., ix. xviii. Smith, C. E., don. to mus., v. ix. ; verbal com., 102. don. to lib., xxxiii. Silliman, Prof., exchange with mus., v. Sager, A., description of three Myria- poda, 109. Sandberger, Dr. Fr., don. to lib., xi. Safford, Jas. M., don. to lib. , xii. Sec. of War., don. to lib., xv, Schafhirt, F., don. to mus., xviii. Special resolutions: — Dr. Leidy's on casts, 105; Dr. Le Conte's to Dr. Kane, 108; Dr. Rand's, 139; M.-. Cassin, on resignation of Dr. Zant- zinyier as Lib., 143 , Mr. Lea's, as to Episc. Convention, 215 ; ibid, as to U. S. Ag. Soc, 215; Mr. Vaux's to publish list of members, &c., 215; Le Conte, J. L., M.D., on publica- tions, 299. Stimpson, W., don. to mus., xx. xxvii. Smithsonian Institution, don. to lib., xxiv. Shumard, B. F., M.D., and L. P. Yan- dell, M.D., notice of a new fossil genus of Family Blastoidea, from Devonian Strata, Kentucky, 73 ; don. to lib., xi. Sclater, Philip Lutley, M.A., 298 ; de- scription of a new species of Tana- ger of the genus Saltator, 261 ; char- acters of an apparently undescribed bird, belonging to the genus Cam- pylorhynchus of Spix, with remarks upon other species of the same group, 263 ; don. to lib., vii. xxvi. x.xxiii. Smith, F. G., M. D., don. to lib., xxiii. Sully, Alfred, don. to mus., xxvii. Trustees N. Y. State Lib., don. to lib. viii. xvi. Taylor, W. J., examination of the me- teoric iron from Xiquipilco, Mexico, 128. Tuckerman, E., don. to mus., ix. ; don. to lib., xii. Tiffany, S., don. to mus., ix. Turner, Dr. T., U. S. N.,don. to mus., X. Trustees Free Pub. Lib., New Bedford, don. to lib., xiii. Trask, J. B., M. D., don. to lib., xiii. INDEX. XI. Tappan, H. P., D. D., don. to lib., xvi- Tyson, J. R., don. to lib., xvii. xxxv. Tuomey, Prof., don. to mus., xviii. Thonaas, K., M. D., don. to lib., xxiii. Troschel, Dr. F. H., don. to lib., xxxv. U. S. Com. of Ind. affairs, don. to lib., iii. U. S. War Dept., per Col. Abert., don. to lib., iii. U. S. Patent office, don to lib., vi. U. S. Sec. of Treas., don. to lib., vi. U. S. Supt. Coast Survey, don. to lib., vi. Uhler, Dr., don. to mus., v. ix. xiv. xviii. xix. xx. xxvi. xxvii. Vaughan, F., don. to mus., xviii. Vaux, W. S., 59 ; don. to mus., i. xix. Verbal Communications : Smith, Chas. E., 102. Bridges, R., M. D., 102, 104, 14^. Hallowell, E., M. D., 101, 105, 141. Cassin, J., 102, 144, 300. Leidy, J., M. D., 102, 104, 139, 140, 161, 162, 299. Smith, A. H., 1, 143. Lea, I., 77, 403, 300. Morris, Dr., on St. Martin, 138. Uhler,Dr., 139,261. Ord, G., 140. Rand, Dr., on death of J. M. Rush, U.S. N., 143, 257,261. Ashmead, S., 161. Carson, J., M. D., 261. , Vaux, W.S.,Prib. Com., 299. Lesley, Chas., 299. Morris, C, M. D., 301. VereinZoologisch-botanischen inWein, don. to lib., xii. Wilson, Dr. T. B., don. to mus., i. vi. viii. X. xiv. xx. xxi. xxiv. ; don. to lib., ii. iii. x. xi. xiii. xv. xvi. xvii. xxi. XXX. xxxi. xxxiii, xxxv. Wood, W. W., Esq., 76 ; don. to mus., iv. Wilson, W. S., don. to mus., iv. Wilson, Edward,don. to lib., xxi. xxiv. xxviii. xxxii. xxxiv. Watson, Dr. G., don. to mus., v. ix. Wistar, Mrs. W., don. to mus., v. Wilson, Jos., Jr., M D., U.S.N., don. to lib., vi. ; don. to mus., xviii. xix. Warren, J. C, M. D., don. to lib,, viii. Weightman, Wm.,214. Wilson, EUwood, M. D., 257. Wilson, Capt. Jas., don. to mus. xiv. Ward, T., don. to mus., xix. Welwitsch &f Berkeley, don. to lib., xxiv. Wall, W. S., don. to lib., xxvi. Yandell, L. P., M. D., an 1 B. F. Shu- mard, M. D., 73. Zantzinger, Dr. W. S., resignation as Librarian, 141. Zeigler, Geo. J., M. D., 298. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OFWATUEAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. January 1st, 1856. Vice President Bridges in the Chair. Letters were read — From the American Antiquarian Society, dated Worcester, Mass., 28th Dec, 1855, proposing an exchange of Publications. From the Secretary of the Lyceum of Natural History, of Fort Des Moins, Iowa, also proposing exchanges. On leave granted, the Committee on a paper by Mr. Thos. P.James, read at last meeting, and entitled '' An enumeration of Mosses detected in the Northern United States, which are not comprised in Gray's Manual, a few of which are new species," reported in favor of publica- tion in the No. of Proceedings for Nov. and Dec, 1855. January Sth. Vice President Bridges in the Chair. A letter was read from Dr. Lewis H. Steiner, dated Baltimore, 7th Jan., 1856, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as a Correspondent. Mr. Aubrey H. Smith remarked, in relation to the specimen of na- tive Cinnabar, presented by him this evening, that it was procured by Capt. J. H. Smith, from the mouth of a drift, in the new Almaden Mine, California, at an elevation of two thousand feet above the level of the sea ; and is stated by him, to contain 95 per cent, of real Cinna- bar, and not to be richer than a great portion of the ordinary product of the mine. January 15th. Vice President Bridges in the Chair. Dr. Hallowell presented for publication in the Proceedings, a paper entitled " On a new species of Ambystoma from Lake Superior." Re- ferred to Dr. Leidy, Col. McCall and Dr. Le Conte. PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OP PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VIII., NO. I. 1 2 [January, Dr, Leidy exhibited the heart of a dog, in which the right auricle, right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery and its branches, were literally stuffed with worms. Minute worms have long been known circulating with the blood, and termed Ilasmatozoa. About five years since, Dr. L. described in vol. 5 of the Proceedings, the worm exhibited this evening, as Filaria Canis cordis. The males measure five inches in length, the females ten inches. Two hearts were brought to Dr. L. by Mr. Jos. Jones, of Georgia ; one, that of a pointer, had in it five worms ) the other, that of a cur, was the one exhibited. Tt is probable that both venas cavte were also filled, as the portions of those vessels that remained, were blocked up. The animals did not die from the presence of the entozoa, but were killed in the course of some experiments. The cur was emaciated and voracious, restless when awake, and disturbed in its sleep. January 20 ^7i. Vice President Bridges in the Chair. The Report of the Corresponding Secretary, for Dec, '55 and Jan., '56, was read. The Recording Secretary read his Annual Report as follows : — REPORT OF THE RECORDING SECRETARY FOR 1855. During the year ending 30th November, 1855, there have been elected to the Academy, twenty-three Members and ten Corre.spondents. One Member has re- signed. There have been no deaths among the Members during that period. The following papers have been read and ordered to be published in the Pro- ceedings or Journal of the Academy. By Samuel Ashmead, Catalogue of Marine Alg«, from Beesley's Point, New .Jersey, with some remarks. By Spencer F. Baird, two, to wit : Characteristics of some new species of North American Blamnialia, collected by the United States and Mexican Bounda- ry Survey, under Major W. H. Emory, U. S. Army, Commissioner, Parti ; Cha- racteristics of some new species of North American Mammalia, collected chiefly during the United States Surveys of a Railroad route to the Pacific, Part 1. By Wm. P. Blake. Notice of remarkable Strata of the Remains of Infusoria and Polythalamia in the Tertiary Formations of Monterey, California. By John Cassin, four, to wit : A list of Pigeons of the Genus Carpophaga Swainson, in the Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and of the United States Exploring Expedition, Washington, D. C, with descrip- tions of new and little known species ; Notes on the North American Falconidae, with descriptions of new species ; Descriptions of new species ©f Birds from Western .\frica, in the Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia ; Description of a new species of Parrot, Brotogeris aurifrons, published in the Journal. By T. A. Conrad, six, to wit: Observations on the Eocene Deposits of Jackson, Miss., with descriptions of thirty-four new species of Shells and Corals ; Descrip- tions of three new Cretaceous and one Tertiary Bivalve ; Description of three new species of Unio ; Descriptions of seventeen new Cretaceous and Tertiary Fossils ; Descriptions of six new species of Cretaceous Shells from Texas, in the Collection of Major Emory ; Description of a new species of Paludina. By Julian Deby. Remarks on the Cryptogaraic Flora of the State of Georgia. Published in the Journal. 1856.] 3 By Elias Durand. Plants; Prattenianiae Californicse ; an enumeration of a collection of California Plants, made in the vicinity of Nevada, by Henry Pratten, Esq., of New Harmony, Ind., with critical notices of such as are new or yet un- published in America. Published in the Journal. By F. A. Genth, Ph. D., two, to wit: Herrerite identical with Smithsonite ; Analy- ^^is of the meteoric Iron from Tuczon, Province of Sonora, Mexico. By Charles Girard, two, to wit : Abstract of a Report to Lieut. James M. Gillis. U. S. Navy, upon the Reptiles collected during the U. S. Naval Astronomical Ex- pedition to Chili; Observations upon the viviparous Fishes inhabiting the Pacific coast of North America, with an enumeration of the species observed. By T. Charlton Henry, M. D. Notes derived from observations made on the Birds of New Mexico, during the years 1853 and 1854. By Isaac Lea, L L. D. Description of a new MoUusk from the Red Sandstone near Pottsville, Pa. By Major John Le Conte, F. L. S., three, to wit : Description of new species of Astacus from Georgia ; On a new species of Gelasimus ; Remarks on two species of American Cimex. By John L. Le Conte, M. D., eight, to wit: Descriptions of the species of Trox and Omorgus inhabiting the United States ; Some corrections in the nomenclature of Coleoptera found in the United States ; Description of new Coleoptera collected by Thomas H. Webb, M. D., in the years 1850, '51 and '52, while Secretary to the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission ; Synopsis of Pyrophroides of the United States ; Synopsisof the Lathridiides of the L^nited States ; Analyti- cal table of the species of Ih^droporus found in the United States, with descriji- tion of new species; Notes on the Amarai of the United States; Synopsis of the Hydrophilidaj of the United States. By Joseph Leidy, M. D., four, to wit : Remarks on the identity of Bootherium cavifrons with Ovibos moschatus or 0. maximus ; Indications of twelve .specif s of Fossil Fishes ; Contributions to aknowledgeof the Marine Invertebrate Fauna of the coasts of Rhode Island and New Jersey ; published in the Journal. In- dications of five species with two new genera of extinct Fishes. By J. Aitken Meigs, M. D: Relation of Atomic Heat to Crystalline Form. Pul- lished in the Journal. By Joseph G. Norwood and Henry Pratten : Notice of Fossils from the Carbc - niferous Series of the Western States. Published in the Journal. By James E. Powel. On the Habits of the Moose. By Prof. A. Retzius, of Copenhagen : On artificially formed Skulls from the Ancient World. By William Stimpson, two, to wit : Descriptions of some new Invertebrata from the Chinese and Japanese Seas, &c., Part I. ; Description of some new Marine Invertebrata, Part II. By Phillip R. Uhler : Descriptions of some Coleoptera supposed to be new. By Charles M. Wetherill, M. D., Ph. D : Chemical Notices. In all forty-five. All of which is respectfully submitted by, B. Howard Rano, Recording Secretary. The Society then proceeded to an election for Standing Committees for 1856, which resulted as follows : EtJincdogyj John S. Phillips, Samuel S. Haldeman, J. Aitken Meigs : Comparative Anatomy and General Zoology, Joseph Leidy, Edward Hallowell, John H. Brinton ; Mammalogy, John L. Le Conte, John Caa.sin, William Caniac ; Ornithology, John Cassin, Edward Harris (leorge A. McCall; Herpctology and Ichthyology, Edward Hallowell, J. L. Le Conte, Gavin Watson ; Conchology, T. A. Conrad, T. B. Wilson, Charles E. Smith; Entomology orid Crustacea, Wm. S. Zant- i [Feeruauy, zinger, Riborh Bridges, John A. Guex ; Botamj, Ti. Bridges, Wm. S. Zantzinger, Elias Duraud ; Mi.nerahvjj/, Wm. S. Vaux, Samuel Ashmead, F. A. (xenth ; (reolo'jtj, Isaac Lea, Charles E. Smith, J. L. Le Conte ; Pulseoatolo'jij, T. B. Wilson, Joseph Leidy, "W. Frederick 'Rogers ; Plty.-iicA^Jj. Howard Rand, Fairman Rop:ers, K. A. Draper; Library, Robert Pearsall, S. Weir Mitchell, II. Cooper Hanson; Procccdouja, ^\''m. S. Zautzinger, Joseph Leidy, George A. 3IcCall. ELECTION OF MEMnERS AND CORRESPONDENTS. W.lliam .\I. Uhler, M. D., of Falls of Schuylkill, Joseph Wilson, M. D , U. S. Navy, Dr. Isaac J. Hayes, and Dr. VVm. Blackwood, of Philadelphia, Mr. Samael Jeanes, of Philadelphia, and George Gibbs, Esq., of Stilacoon, Washington Territory, were elected Members; And Dr. John H. Riuch, of Burlington, Iowa, and Dr. John W. Green, of New York, were elected Corresjwn dents. February bth. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. Letters were read — From the Liunean Society of London, dated 12th December, 1S55, acknowledging receipt of Proceedings and Journal of the Academy, and desiring missing numbers. From Dr. I. J. Hayes, dated Philadelphia, Slst January, 1856, acknowledging receipt of his notice of election as a Member. From Mr. W. W. Wood, dated Manilla, 4th Oct., 1855, transmitting specimens of Natural History for the Museum. Dr. Leidy read a paper intended for publication in the Proceedings, entitled, " Notices of two new Ichthyodorulites." Referred to Prof. Haldeman, Mr. Isaac Lea, and Mi'. A. H. Smith. On motion of Prof. Haldeman, it was Resolved, That the privilege of endorsing tickets of admission to the Museum on public days, be granted to the Misses iMalvina and Mary Lawson, of this city, and that they be invited to visit the Institution at all times. February Vlth, Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. Letters were read — From Dr. Joseph Wilson, U. S. N., dated Philadelphia, Feb. Gth, 1856, acknowledging receipt of his notice of election as a Member. From Mr. Samucd Ashmead, dated Key West, 2od Jan., 1856, trans- mitting a collection of objects of Natural History for the Museum. From the American Philosophical Society, dated Feb. 6, 1856, acknowledging receipt of last No. of the Proceedings. From the Smithsonian Institution, dated Washington, July 20th, 1856.] ■ 5 1855, and Doc. 7tli, 1855, acknowledging receipt of late Nos. of the Proceedings and Journal and desiring missing Nos. From .the Boston Society of Natural History, dated 30th Jan., 1856, acknowledging receipt of late Nos. of the Proceedings. February \^th. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. Letters were read — From the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, dated 18th Feb., 1856, acknowledging receipt of the Proceedings, Vol. 7, No. 12. From the Smithsonian Institution, dated Washington, Jan. 7th, 1856, of the same tenor. Dr. Le Conte presented for publication in the Proceedings, the follow- ing papers : — 1. " Synopsis of the Mycetophagidaj of the United States ;" 2. " Synopsis of the Phalacridae of the United States ;" 3. "Note on the genus Lithodus of Schoenheer ;" 4. "Notice of three genera of Scarabseidas found in the United States ;" 5. " Analytical table of the species of Chlrenius found in the United States ;" all of which were referred to a Committee consisting of Mr. W. F. Bogers, Mr, Guex, and Dr. Zantzingei'. Mr. W. F. Bogers presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, entitled, "Synopsis of species of Chrysomela and allied genera inhabiting the United States." Beferred to Dr. Le Conte, Mr. Guex, and Dr. Zantzinger. Mr. Cassin presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, en- titled, "Noteson North American Birds in the Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia;" which was referred to Dr. Wilson, Dr. Henderson, and Dr. Woodhouse. Dr. Leidy presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, en- titled, "A Synopsis of Entozoa and some of their Ecto-congencrs ob- served by the Author." Beferred to Mr. J. P. Lesley, Dr. Le Conte, and Dr. Carson. Also, a paper by the same, entitled, Notices of some remains of extinct Mammalia recently discovered by F. V. Hayden, in the ' Mauvaises Terres' of Nebraska. Beferred to Dr. Henderson, Mr. Isaac Lea, and Dr. Wilson. Ftbruavi/ 2Qth. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. The Committees on Dr. Hallowell's paper, read 15th January; Dr. Leidy's paper, read 5th Feb. ; on Dr. Le Conte's papers, read 19th Feb.; on Mr. W. F. Bogers' paper, read same date; on Mr. Cassin's paper, read same date; and on Dr. Leidy's papers, read same date, severally reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings. [February, Deseriptim of severed upeciei of Vrodela, with remarks on the ge.ographicil disirihii- Hon of the Caducibranchiale d-viniun of these animals and their classification. By Edward Hallowell, M. D. Class REPTILIA. Koiirlh order, Batrachia, Brogn. Sub. clii-is, Ampbibiens lebthjuidos ou Nudipelliferes, Blainv. tvlass Amphibia, Bonap. Second uroer, Salaniaiidra% Boaap. Second order, Dipnoa, Leuckart, Fiuinger. First tribe, Dipnoa inutabilia. Fifih family, Salamaiidroidea, Fitz. Order, Ranse. Stcond division, Rauida? caiidat;)^, Waolfr. Second sub order, Batrachia gradier.lia, Merreai and Giay. Batrachia. Third sub order, Uiodeles, Dura. First family. Aire oderes ou salamandridci. Sub familv. Ambyst()mina, Gray. Genus, Ambystoma, Tschudi. Ajibystoma laterale, nob. This animal is smaller than any of the species of Ambystoma wiib which we. are acquainted, with the exception of A. maciodactylum, being about the size o( Salamandra nigra, Green. Color jtt black above, black below, with a tinge of brown egpecially upon the throat; the sides of the body and tail are marked with numerous white spot? about the size of a pin's head, and even larger, thickly agglomerated ; they are also observed of greater dimensions upon the sides of the neck ; the chin and throat [iresent numerous white spots, smaller than those upon the sides; thev occur, also, sparsely upon the abdomen ; extremities spotted with white, both above and below ; fingers and toes banded with the same ; a gular fold ; palatine teeth in a transverse, undulatiug, interrupted series, as in Ambystoma fasciatum. (See Dum. and Bib., pi. 101, fig. C.) passing behind the internal nares ; no longi- tudinal rows of teeth ; tongue attached in front and behind, free at its lateral edges ; tail compressed, longer than the body ; extremities slender, middle fingers of nearly equal length; first and- fourth idem; first toe shorter than fifih: second than third, fourth than fifth ; fingers and toes free, slender, depressed : ten distinct costal folds. Dimensions. — Length of head 4 lines, breadth 22 ; of body from gular fold to vent, 1 inch 2 J lines, (Fr.) ; of tail 1 inch 5 lines ;' length of anterior extremities 6 lines, of ])Osterior 7. IlaJiitat. — Marquette, southern border of Lake Superior, specimen in jNius. of Acad, N. S., presented by Dr. John L. Le Conte, whn found it in that region, witli a fine specimen of Ablabes punctatus, Dum. and Bib. >o mention is made of any species of Urode es in the work on Lake Superior, by I'rofessor Agassiz, with the exception of Piethodon erylhronotus. The reptiles enumerated in it are Tropidonotus sirtalis and Tropidonotus erythrogaster, a species allied to ri;;idus, an undetermined species of Crotalophorus, probably tergeminus; Rana . nigricans, Rana halecina, Rana sylvatica, Hylodes maculatus. Bufo americanus, I lethodon erylhronotus and Menobranchus marulatus.* I have since found another specimen much older, and having a general brownish tint, (altered by jilcohol,) but with the lateral spots quite distinct, among: the reptiles of the (Jreen collection presented to the Academy by Dr. Franklin Bache, with no indication of locality. (ieneral Remarks. — The Ambystoma above described resembles none other of our well known species, and will, therefore, be readily recognized. Amb. punctu- *T() these may be added Coluber occipito-maculatus Storer. (Col. venustus, llallowell, I'roceed. Acad. N. S., vol. iii., p. 280, pi. ) 1856.] 7 latum, Gray, (Cat. Br. Mas. Amphib. p. 31, No. 5,) is represented as lead colored, and u'kite beneath with distant scattered white dots upon the cheek and upper part of sides. Its habitat is Monterey, California. It is unknown to us. Am- bystonoa laterale is somewhat similar in coloring to Sal. niger, Green, but that is a Plethodon, having a head and tail, and an arrangement of teeth altogether diflferent; viz., two small arched rows behind the internal nares, the convexity presenting forward, converging toward each other, and separated by an interval, with two series of thickly set, longitudinal sphenoidal teeth, closely approximated, arranged somewhat like a brush, and separated from the vomerine by an inter- space without teeth. The Ambystoma nigrum of Dum. and Bib., is also a Ple- thodon, and is, no doubt, identical with Plethodon fuscum as the synomymes show ; (Sal. niger, Green, Desmognathus niger, Baird,) and Plethodon fusium* being the same, they not having seen the animal. Salam. erythronota, Green is erroneously placed by Gray, (Cat. Br. Mus. Amphib. Grad, p. 37. No. 9.) among the Ambystomata. It is a Plethodon as Dumeril and Bibron have it. Ambystoma quadrimaculatum and Ambystoma salmoneum, Dum & Bit. belong to other genera. The first is a Plethodon, the latter has the transverse and longitudinal rows of teeth in a continuous series, in this respect resembling none other of our Urodeles with the exception of Sal. rubra. Green, (Bolitoglossa rubra, D. & B.) Pseudotriton rubra, Tschudi. Dum. & Bib. have also put glulin- osum and auriculatum in the genus Cylindrosoma. They are both Plethodonts.f 1 he genus Salamandra does not exist, so far as is known, on the American Con- tinent. On the other hand, Ambystoma is an exclusively American genus, and has a wide range. Its most northern limit at present, is Lake Superior ; its southern. New Mexico. It is found in Maine, Pennsjlvania and South Carolina, (punctatum or venenosum Bart.) Massachusetts, Ohio, Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, Mississippi, (opacum Grav. or fasciatum, Gr.) New York and New Jersey, (tigrinum,) Oregon, (macrodactylum, Bd.) Michigan, Wisconsin and Illinois, (luridum) ingens (Xiphonura Tsch.) New Orleans. It is a remarkable fact that none of the animals belonging to the sub-order Batrachia gradientia of Merrem and Gray, (Batrachia urodela, Dum. and Bib.,) and especially the Urodeles atretoderes or Salamandrides, have been discovered in America south of Mexico, although so numerous in the northern part of that great continent. Nor are any of the caducibranchiate-tailed batrachians known to exist in the East Indies, Persia, China, Australia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, New Zealand, the Phillipines, New Holland, New Guinea, West or Southern Africa, or, so far as is known, with the exception of Japan and Loo Cboo, in any of the numerous islands of the AtlanticJ and Pacific Oceans. They are found in the south of Spain and northern part of Africa, (Pleurodeles,) the islands of the Mediterraneam, various parts of England, France, Germany and Italy, (Salaman- dra, Triton, Geotriton, Euproctus,) the north of Africa, Syria, (Triton ?) and Japan, (Cynops, Onychodactylus, Ellipsoglossa,) but appear to be more abun- dant in North America, and comprise genera not yet observed in other parts of the world, viz., Ambystoma, Tsch., which contains many species, Plethodon, Tsch., Desmognathus, Bd., Spelerpes, Raf., Taricha, Gray, Pseudotriton, Tsch., Hemidactylium, Tsch., Batrachoceps, Bonap., Ensatina, Gray, and Diemyctylus, Raf There is not only not any true Salamandra in the United States, but no Triton, "*" As universally yellowish brown or black," Eights, Dekay, Nat. Hist, of New York, Reptiles, p. 85 ; the brown specimens, the young according to Dr. Holbrook. •j-The Salamandra Jeffersoniana of Prof. Holbrook is no doubt a Plethodon, per- haps identical as well as S. Jeffersoniana, Green, with Plethodon glutinosus, Tschudi represents the teeth as transverse in his Xiphonura Jeffersoniana. Is X. JefJersoniana, Tsch. identical with Ambystoma ingens? JProf. Schlegel states that a species approaching S. longicauda was brought from Martinique by Mr. Plee, Fauna Japonica, Reptiles, p. 119. 8 [February, properly so called, for the Triton dorsalis and symmetrlcus of authors is ana- tomically quite different from the Tritons of Earope. The tongue in the genera Spelerpes, Pseudotriton (Mycetoglossus, Bib., Bolito- glossa, D. and B.) and Batrachoceps, Bonap., is bolitoglossal or mushroom- shaped, being quite free and supported upon a central pedicel; but the arrange- ment of the teeth is not the same, the transverse and longitudinal rows being separated by an interval in Spelerpes and Batrachoceps, but, as before stated, are in a continuous series in Pseudotriton. The only European genus whjch agrees with the first named genera in the form of tongue and arrangement of teeth, is Geotriton, the tongue in the Tritons proper being attached both in front and posteriorly, and having no transverse teeth whatever ;* but in Geotriton the toes are very distinctly palmated, which is not the case in either Batrachoceps or Spelerpes, so that not only the species of Urodeles, now under consideration, are different, but the genera also, no two being identical in both continents ; further, if we restrict the families more fully than has hitherto been done, we might say that the only sub-families of this group of reptiles common to both Europe and America are the Bolitoglossidae, or the mushroom-tongued Urodeles, comprising in the former several genera, in the latter but one, and the Tritonidai. It is also worthy of remark that, although these animals are known, (instead of having the power to remain unharmed amidst the flames, according to the opinion of the vulgar, or of " inhabiting the rivers of hell,"f ) to be capable of en- during extreme cold, (the Salamandra atra existing near the region of snow in the Alps,) they have not yet been discovered very far north. None of the American species have been found north of Lake Superior except Plethodon erythrynotus, and that at no great distance. In Europe the most northern limit is Sweden. None of these reptiles, we believe, were observed in the recent expedition of Dr. Kane to the Arctic regions.^ In making out a synopsis of the Urodele Batrachians in the collection of the Academy, I had laid aside for future examination the Triton porphyriticus, of which we have but a single specimen and which is really an Ambystoma. The true position of this animal appears to have been quite doubtful. Prof. Green describes it as a Salamandra, Prof. Holbrook, a Triton, Mr. Gray, a Spelerpes, with a note of interrogation, and Prof Baird, in his valuable synopsis of the group of reptiles to which it belongs, states that its place probably is among the Am- bystomata, but previously remarks that Pseudotriton salmoneus and the Sala- mandra porphyritica of Green will very probably turn out to be identical. Should this be the case, Pseudotriton salmoneus becomes P. porphyriticus, and the species now described will require a new name. Ambystoma porphyriticum. Syn. Sal. porphyritica, Green, Macl. Lyceum, p. 3. pi. 1. Sal. porphyritica, Harlan, Med. & Phys. Res. p. 98. Triton porphyriticus, Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., vol. V. p. 83. *Dr. Holbrook is in error in stating that Triton dorsalis has transverse teeth. •j- In allusion to the Tartarean habitat of these creatures, a writer in the London Quarterly Review remarks, that Scott's conversation " was rich in ease, sense and humor, while theirs (certain smart and perverse, but unwholesome disputants) was like the breakfasts in military novels, which seem to consist chiefly of devilled kidneys, grilled bones, and other fierce and salammdrine elements." The Salamanders are covered with numerous pores, which exude an acrid and glu'inous fluid, so that if thrown upon live coals thej' become blackened, but nf course the animal is soon destroyed. J The most northern limit of reptile life observed by Sir J. Richardson, (see boat voyage in search of Sir John Franklin,) was the north bend of Porcupine River, within the Arctic circle, where a snake was found. The tortiises disap- pear beyond the 51st degree, at the south end of Lake Winnepeg, (Emys geo- graphica and probably the snapper,) the frogs at 68°, (Bufo americanus and Hyla versicolor ) 1856.] 9 Char. General form more slender than that of most of the Ambystomata. Head small, convex above, rounded in front ; eyes latero-superior, prominent ; tongue ovoid, firmly attached in front and posteriorly, more free at the sides ; internal openings of the nares moderately large ; teeth in a transverse uninterrupted row, arched in front,* concave posteriorly ; no longitudinal rows of teeth ; a gular fold ; no parotids ; skin perfectly smooth to the touch, presenting innumerable small pores when observed with a glass ; of a uniform brownish color above, lighter below ; no line of lateral pores between the axilla and groin ; fingers and foes free, rather slender, depressed, fourth toe longer than the third ; tail much compressed, shorter than head, neck and body. Habitat. — Wabash. One specimen in Mus. Acad. Nat. Sc, presented by Dr. McMurtrie. Prof. Green's specimens were found in French Creek, near Mead- viile, Crawford County, Pennsylvania. Dimensw7is. — Length of head 4 lines ; breadth 3^ ; length of neck and body to vent 1 inch 7 lines ; (Fr.) of tail 1 inch 9 lines. Gen. remarks — The whitish spots mentioned by Prof. Holbrook, arranged in a linear longitudinal series along the flanks, and also by Dr. Green, are not visible in the specimens above described, probably from long immersion in alcohol. It is a larger animal than Ambystoma laterale, and differs from it much in the arrangement of the transverse teeth and in the coloration. A good figure and excellent description of it will be found in Prof. Holbrook's work on the North American Reptiles. f The Triton porphyriticus of Dr. Dekay (Nat. Hist, of New York, Reptiles, p. 85) is Plethodon gluunosus, judging from the description,! no mention being made of the teeth. The arrangement of the teeth in the species of Ambystoma varies considerably, and with the size of the internal nares, ap- jlears to form very good .specific characters. Dr. Green's description corresponds in almost every important particular with the animal above described, except the head, which, instead of being " rather large," is on the contrary small. He states that " the color on the back varies very much in different specimens, some being dark chocolate, others of a much lighter color, and others again of a pale brown ; the young is nearly white, with a middle line on the sides extending from the anterior to the posterior extremities," (Mad. Lye. p. 3.) Prof. Holbrook's specimen was 4 inch. 5 lines in length ; Dr. Green's between 5 and 6 inches. Prof. Holbrook's drawing is much more accurate than that of Prof. Green, which, although more highly finished, dees not correspond very closely with the speci- men in the collection of the Academy, the head resembling more that of Pseu- dotriton salmoneus, (Sal. salmonea, Storer.)| Prof. Holbrook observes that he had never seen the animal alive, but the coloring was taken from the original of Dr. Green. Some years ago I described in the Proceedings of the Academy, a new Sala- mander from California, under the name lugubris. Mr. Gray, in the Catalogue of the British Museum, places it along side of Taricha, with a note of interro- gation. It is however very different from Taricha. 'The species was subse- quently made the type of a new genus by Prof. Baird, with the name Aneides. *In glutinosus this is not the case; the vomerine teeth are separated by a wide interval and take another course ; sphenoidal teeth in glutinosus, none in Ambystoma; the fingers and toes are also different. t The palate, he observes, " is armed with a row of transverse teeth." J He says, tail cylindrical, scarcely compressed. In porphyriticus the tail is much compressed ; in P. glutinosus cylindrical ; the shape of the tail and the teeth distinguish it at once from glutinosus. § The small eyes and irregular whitish spots in the description do not apply to Salmoneus ; the snout is described as obtuse, which it is in porphyriticus ; in the drawing it is truncate. 10 [FEBRUAE.Y, The following notes are somewhat more precise than those of the former de- scription. Sub. fam. PLETHODONTID^. Gen. Aneides, Baird. Char. — Head large, swollen at the temples, snout angular, ,eyes very prominent; tongue obcordale, more or less truncate posteriorly, attached in front, and along the middle, sides quite free, quite free posteriorly, but less so than at the sides ; maxillary teeth greatly developed, especially those of the lower jaw, which are spear-shaped, sharp-pointed, more or less convex anteriorly, concave posteriorly, with a ridge in the middle, about f of a line in length ; vomerine teeth in two convergent rows, behind the internal nares meeting posteriorly, their convex surfaces presenting inward* ; sphenoidal teeth very numerous, sharp pointed, thickly set like a brush in two rows, closely in contact in the anterior third, poste- riorly a very narrow linear interspace, not enlarged behind; in the original specimen, this narrow interspace is not so distinct, so that they might almost with propriety be described as a single row ; extremities slender ; fingers and toes slightly compressed, free ; 1st finger much shorter than 4th ; 2d shorter than 3d ; 1st toe much shorter than 5th ; 2d than 3d ; 3d and 4th of equal length ; skia smooth, costal grooves well marked, twelve or thirteen in number, tail round, tapering to a point, very slightly compressed at tip, about same length as head, neck and body. Aneides lugubkis. Syn. — Sal. lugubris, Hallowell, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. iv. p. 126. Aneides lugubris, Baird, Iconographic Encyclopoedia, vol. ii. 1859, 1st edition, p. 256. Taricha lugubris? Gray, Cat. Br. Ampb., p. 26, No. 2. Char. — Color dark olive above, yellow below, without spots or other markings, a row of small, circular spots on each side. Dimensions. — Length 4^ inches. Habitat. — Monterey and San Francisco, Upper California. Two specimens in Mas. Acad. Nat. Sci. Presented by Dr. Townsend and Mr. Heermann. The U. atretoderes may be subdivided into the following groups, which will perhaps facilitate their study. a. With longitudinal teeth. 1. SALAMANDRID^. European. Tongue rather large, attached iu front and posteriorly, free at the sides ; toes 4—5. 1 gen. Salamandra. 3 sp. maculosa, Corsica, atra. 2. SEIRANOTID^. European. Tongue well developed, oblong, rounded in front, broader and almost truncate posteriorly, //-ce in its posterior half, less so laterally, attached in front, toes 4 — 4. 1 gen. Salamandrina. 1 sp,. S. perspicillata. 3. PLEURODELID.'E. N. African and S. European. Tongue small, B-ahc\TQ,n\&T, free posteriorly, and at the sides, attached in front; toes 4—5; ribs not rudimentary, but much devgloptd, perforating even the in- teguments. 4. TR1T0NIDJ3. European, N. American, Asiatic. Tongue fleshy, papillose, well developed, attached in front and behind, free a: the lateral edges ; toes 4 — 5. * The true position of this animal is among the Plethodonts, that of Taricha the teeth of which are in two slender hmgiludinal series, comnencing on a line with the inferior margin of the internal nares, about midway between them, but diverging widely posteriorly, among the Trilonidce. 1856.] 11 5 gen. Euproctu?, Cynops, Diemyctylus, Taricba, Triton. 10 sp. E. Rusconi, C. pyrrhogaster, D. viridescens,* Taricba torosus, Triton alpestris, cristatus, marmoratus, palmatus ? punctatus, pyrenaeus and perhaps others. 5. ELLIPSOGLOSSID.E. Asiatic. Tongue ohlorty oval, free at the sides only ; toes 4 — 5. 1 gen. Ellipsoglossa. 1 sp. E. naivia. b. With transverse and longitudinal teeth. f6. PLETHODONTID.E. N. American. Tongue broad oval, well developed, free at its lateral edges and posteriorly, attached in front ; toes 4 — .5. 3 gen. Desmognathus, Aneides, Plethodon. 6 sp. D. niger, auriculatus, A. lugubris, P. glutinosus, erythronotus and quadrimaculatus ? 7. BOLITOGLOSSID^. N. American and European. Tongue of moderate size, mushroom-shaped, supported hy a central pedicel ; toea 4 — 5 and 4 — 4. 4 gen. Batrachoceps, Spelerpes, Pseudotriton, Geotriton. 9 sp. B. quadridigitatus, attenuatus, S. longicauda, gutto-lineata, bi-lineata, mexicana, P. ruber and sal- moneus, G. fuscus. 8. HEMIDACTYLID^. N. American. Tongue oval, attached in front and along the middle, more free posteriorly ; toes 4 — 4. 1 gen. Hemidactylium. 1 sp. H, scutatum. c. Transverse, but no longitudinal teeth. 0. AMBYSTOMID^. N. American and Asiatic. Tongue ovate, moderately free at its edges, slightly so in front, attached posteriorly ; toes 4 — 5. 2 gen. Onychodactylus, Ambystoma, 15 sp. 0. japonicus. A. punctatum (vene- nosum Bart.) opacum Grav. (fas.'iatum Green) laterale, popbyriticum, macro- dactylum, punctulatum,? tigrinum, luridum, nebulosum, mavortium, episcopus, (an hypoxanlhus Raf.?) talpoideum, proserpine, tenebrosum, and no doubt others. Description of two Ichihyodorulites. By Joseph Leidy, M. D. Stenacanthus nitidus Leidy. The species of a genus supposed to be distinct from those wliich have been described, is indicated by an ichthyodorulite, dis- covered by Charles E. Smith, Esq., in association with the remains of Ilolopty- chius, in the old Red Sandstone formation of Tioga county, Pennsylvania. The specimen is partially imbedded in a mass of red sandstone ; and it has its point broken off and is otherwise mutilated. The spine is straight throughout and indicates no disposition to curve. In its perfect condition it appears to have * D. viridescens Raf. (Tr. dorsalis) and D. miniatus (Tr. symmetricus) are probably the same, the orange color and roughness being appearances which the female more especially presents after a long sojourn on land. At least this may be inferred from what is known of the habits of the European Tritons. Schlegel says that such is the case with T. punctatus. He also remarks that he has specimens of marmoratus (one of the very roughest of the Tritons, it we may judge from the specimen in the Bonaparte collection) perfectly smooth, and we have those of dorsalis smooth and more or less rough. The Triton marmoratus, according to Kaup, leaves the water in June and becomes a land animal ; the crests of the male disappear, and the tail, from a swimming organ, becomes round. 12 [February, been about three inches in length, by about six lines in breadth at its base ; and it gradually tapers towards the apex. The anterior margin is convex. The posterior border at the edge of the exposed surface of the fossil is furnished with a row of closely set serrations, directed obliquely downward, of which eight may be counted within the space of seven lines. Whether there is a second row of serrations, the imbedded state of the very friable bone in a hard matrix will not permit me to determine. The broad surface which is exposed in the specimen, so far as it is preserved, is longitudinally furrowed ; and about three-fourths of an inch from the broken summit it exhibits a transverse zigzag fissure, which may probably be the re- sult of an original fracture, although it has very much the appearance of being an articulation. Cylindracanthus ornatus Leidy. On several occasions fragments of appa- rent fossil bones have been submitted to my inspection, the character of which has exceedingly puzzled me, and although I now view them as portions of ichtliyodorulites, I am not positive of the correctness of my conclusion. The specimens alluded to are found in the cretaceous formations of New Jersey and Alabama. The most perfect one was obtained by W. Taylor, Esq., from near Pemberton, Burlington co.. New Jersey. It is over three inches in length with the extremities broken off, is straight and gradually tapering, and is per- fectly circular in transverse section. At the thicker end it is six and one quarter lines in diameter, and at the other end five lines. The centre presents a double tubular perforation of comparatively small calibre. The surface is invested with a thick, enamel-like layer, which is dense, brittle, and shining, and deeply fluted ; the intervening ridges being of nearly uniform diameter, with pairs oc- casionally converging into single ones in their course. Sy7ioj)sis of the Mycetophagid^ of the United States. By John L. Le Conte, M. D. The genera of this family of Coleoptera which have been thus far discovered in the country, are Mycetophagus, Litargus, Typhaea, and Diphyllus. Of the latter genus two species are known to me, one found by Dr. Melsheimer in Pennsylvania, and the other by me at Tucson, in the valley of the Gila. I regret that the absence of the specimens prevents me from making them known on the present occasion. Thus if Diplocoelus be combined with Diphyllus as recommended by Lacordaire (Gen. Col. 2, 447,) the only genus left unrepresented in the United States, will be Triphylius. Of the described species none are unknown to me. The genera may be thus separated : Tarsi maris antici 3-articulati ; (thorax versus latera baud carinatus) Oculi transversi ; Antennarum clava elongata, multiarticulata I^tycetophagus. f Antennarum clava triarticulata ; (elytra confuse ■) t punctata) Triphyllus j Oculi rotundati ; antennarum clava triarticulata. Ligula membranea Litargus. Ligula cornea Typhiea. Tarsi omnes subpcntameri ; antennaj clava biarticulata ; (thorax utrinque bicarinulatus) Diphyllus. Mycetophagus Hellwig. A. Antennae extrorsum sensim incrassataj ; thorax lateribus baud serratus. 1. M. p u n c t a t u s, ovalis infra rufo-testaceus,capitethoracequenigris dense punctatis, elytris flavis macula scutellari, margine lateral i, macula discoidali mox pone medium, fasciaque lata ante npicem nigris, ore antennisque rufcscentibus, his clava nigra, ad apicem testacea ; pedibus flavo-testaceis. Long -21 — -25. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc, 5, 260. Middle and Southern States. 1856.] 13 2. M. flexuosus, ovalis, testaceus, capite tboraceque nigris confertim punctatis, elytris flavis, puncto humerali, macula communi scutellari, margine lateral!, maculis extrorsum confluentibus versus medium, fasciaque lata dentata ad dodraiitem nigris, apice ipso piceo ; antennis testaceis, clava nigro-picea ad apicem testacea. Long. -15. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc, 5, 260. Middle and Western States. Allied to the preceding, but smaller and with the. posterior band broader, less near the apex, and anteriorly dentate, and with three confluent spots forming an irregular external transverse band near the middle. Varies in having the black spots very much extended so as to cover the greater part of the elytra which then become marked : a. With a large orange colored humeral spot enclosing a black dot, and ex- tending inwards below the scutel nearly to the suture ; two very small spots a little behind the middle, and a larger rounded one very near the apex. Alabama, Mr. Haldeman. b. With a quadrate humeral orange colored spot enclosing a black dot, and a rounded one very near the apex. Indiana, Mr. J. P. Wild. 3. M. i)luriguttatus, ovalis longiusculus, niger, capite thoraceque dense punctatis, elytris guttis pluribus flavis parvis praecipue moxpone medium ornatis, antennis pedibusque obscure ferrugineis. Long. -2. San Jose, California. The posterior third of the elytra is usually free from spots, sometimes a very small one is seen near the apex. 4. M. M e 1 s h e i m e r i, elongatus, ferrugineus, capite thoraceque confertim punctatis nigris, elytris flavis macula communi scutellari, margine lobato ad apicem latiore, macula transversa communi media cum margine bis confluente nigris, (macula hac ultima stepe deficiente), fortiter punctato-striatis, antennis medio obscurioribus. Long. -IT. Mycetophagus bimaculatus Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc, 2,* 114 (in parte). Pennsylvania, Dr. Melsheimer ; Alabama, Haldeman. I have been compelled to change the name proposed by Dr. Melsheimer, as by an unfortunate error his description was made from two distinct species, one being M. flexuosus, while the other is the present: it, however, affords me much pleasure to commemo- rate his long continued and successful labors in American Entomology by attach- ing his name to this species, which he was the first to detect. 5. M. o b s c u r u s , elongatus, piceo-niger, capite thoraceque dense punctatis, elytris fortius punctato-striatis ; antennis piceis ad basin et apicem ferrugineis, pedibus piceis tibiis tarsisque rufescentibus. Long. -IT. One specimen, Georgia. Of the same form and with the same sculpture as M. Melsheimeri. B. Antennae articulis 5 ultimis crassioribus ; thorax lateribus serratis. 6. M. pluripiinctatus, elongatus, ovalis, nigro-piceus, capite thora- ceque nigris dense punctatis, elytris flavis margine, macula communi scutellari, guttisque plurimis confluentibus nigris ; abdomine pedibus antennisque ferrugi- neis. Long. -16. Middle and Southern States : the spots sometimes form several narrow, irregu- lar, transverse fascia;. T. M. pini, elongatus ovalis, supra niger, subtus cum antennis pedibusque rufis. Long. -14 — -16. Zieglcr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc, 2, 270. Middle and Southern States, not rare. C. Antennae articulis 4 ultimis maioribus ; thorax lateribus haud serratus. 8. M. obsoletus, ovalis infra rufus, supra niger, elytris fascia dentata antica basin attingente, ad suturam paulo interrupta, macula laterali ad medium. 14 [February^ (luabiis pone medium quartaque ante apicem rufis ; antennis testaceis, articulis 8 — 10 nigris, ultimis tribus abrupte maioribus. Long. -2. Mels. Oat. Descr. Col. of U. S., 47. Tetratotna ohsoleta Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 113. Middle States. The anterior fascia is sometimes broken into two spots : on the other hand, the spot behind the middle sometimes combine into a dentated fascia. 9. M. bipustulatus, longiusculus magis convexus, ovalis, supra piceus, infra obscure rufus, elytris guttis duabus pone basin saepe confluentibus, altera magna obliqua pone medium obscure rufis, antennis articulis quatuor ultimis distincte maioribus. Long. -13. Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 114. Middle States, not rare. In the Catalogue of Described Coleoptera of the United States, Dr. Melsheimer has changed the name of this species to M. bisig- natus, under the impression that the name had been previously employed. I do not, however, find any other described species named bipustulatus, and have therefore replaced the name first given. LiTARGUS Er. 1. L. tetraspilotus, ovalis sub-convexus, nigro-piceus, pubescens, ely- tris distinctius sat dense punctatis seriatim pubescentibus, macula magna antica alteraque postica rufo-testaceis, margine thoracisque angulis posticis rufescenti- l)us, antennis tibiis tarsisque testaceis. Long. -08. A very pretty little species, found in the Southern and Western States. Broader than L. didesmus, and readily known by the hairs of the elytra being arranged in rows. 2. L. s e xp u n c t a t u s, elongatus ellipticus depressus, niger, pubescens, elytris densius subtilius punctatis, pubescentibus, pilisque longioribus parce . seriatis, macula humerali, altera pone basin, tertiaque maiore obliqua trans- versa ad dodrautem testaceis, tarsisantennarumbasietapice testaceis. Long. -OJ'. Er. Ins. Deutschl. 416. Myceiophn(jus scxpunctatus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 261. Middle and Southern States. 3. L. transversus, subelongatus ellipticus depressus niger, pubescens, elytris subtilius punctatis, pilis seriatis, macula humerali, altera pone basin, fasciaque angusta transversa dentata ad dodrantem testaceia; antennarum basi pedibusque piceo-testaceis. Long. -10. One specimen found at San Jose, California. • 4. L. i n f u 1 a t u s, subelongatus, ellipticus, subdepressus piceus, pubescens, thoracis elytrorumque marginibus indeterminate testaceis, his maculis utrinque duabus ad basin, altera pone basin, fasciaque angusta obliqua subdentata postica pallidis, confertiin puuctulatis, subseriatim pilosis ; subtus testaceus. Long. -07. One immature specimen found in Illinois, by Mr. Willcox. This species seems bv the arrangement of the colors to be very distinct from any other found on the Atlantic slope. It differs from the preceding by the distinct punctuation of the elytra, and from the next by the same characters, and by the posterior band being narrow, as well as by the anterior pale spots not occupying nearly half the surface of the elytra. 5. L. b a 1 1 e a t u s , subelongatus, ellipticus subdepressus, rufo-piceus pubes- cens, capite elytrisque obscuris, his trientem anticam, macula parva laterali fascia(jue postica obliqua lata dentata pallidis, confertim subtiliter punctulatis ; antennis pedibusque pallide testaceis. Long. .07 — -085 Colorado river, California, near the junction of the Gila. The pale markings of the elytra are so large that they may be described as pale with the apical fourth and a broad band at the middle obscure ; the latter is dilated externally and includes a pale spot. The hairs of the elytx-a do not appear to be arranged in rows. 1856.] 15 6. L. didesmus, ellipticus paulo convexus, nigro-piceus fortius dense punctatus, pubescens, elytris fascia subbasali alteraque pone medium obscure ruto-testaceis, baud seriatim pubescentibus ; antennispedibusquepiceo-testaceis. Long. -07 — -09. Er. Ins. Deutschl. 416. Mycetophagus didcsvms Saj', Journ. Acad. Nat. So. 5, 261. Middle and Southern States ; common. 1. L. n e b u 1 o s u s , ellipticus paulo convexus, subtus nigro-piceus, supra obscure piceo-testaceus, fortius punctatus pubescens, elytris piceo-nebulosis, antennis pedibusqe piceo-testaceis. Long. -06 — -08. Maryland ; Dr. Zimmermann and Mr. Wild. Broader, more convex and less densely punctured than L. didesmus. The dark marks of the elytra are some- times very indefinite ; in pale colored specimens they are more distinct, forming a spot on each elytron partly surrounding the humerus, and two transverse un- dulated bands, the first a little before the middle, and the second at the second third of their length : these bands do not reach the sides. Typh^a Curtis. T. fumata, elongata, ovalis paulo convexa, ferruginea, luteo-pubescens, elytris subtiliter punctato-striatis, punctulatis, seriatim pilosis. Long. -1 — -11. Curtis, Brit. Ent. 15, pi. 702. Er. Ins. Deutschl. 418, (ubi synon. Europ. in- venies). Dermestes fumatus Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, 564. Gryplophagus gilnellus Mels. Cat. Descr. Col. of U. S. 45. Cryptophagus crcnatus"^ Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 114. Distributed by commerce over all parts of the world. The last synonyms are known to me by a specimen kindly communicated by Dr. Melsheimer; they were incorrectly referred by me, (Proc. 7, 217,) to Litargus. Synopsis of the Phalacbid/E of the United States. By John L. Le Conte, M. D. In this family are contained four genera, first separated by Erichson ; and since all with the exception of Tolyphus are found in our territory, I have here trans- ci'ibed the table of genera given by him. (Ins. Deutschl., 108.) 1. Tarsi acquales ; Tibice calcaribus ( "^^"^^^J.^ Phalacrus. ' (. distinctis Tolyphus. 2. Tarsi postici elongati, articulo Imo | ^^f breviore Olibrus. ° ' (. 2ndo longiore Litochrus. Phalacrus Payk. Palpi maxillares articulo ultimo cylindrico: tibia) compress^ spinulosae cal- caribus obsoletis : tarsi sequales, articulo Imo breviusculo : femora compressa inferne ciliata. Usually shorter and more obtuse than Olibrus; the sutural stria in the native species is distinct, and the club of the antenna; elongate, with the last joint obtusely rounded at the tip. A. Thorax ad basin distincte licet subtilissime marginatus. 1. P. s e r i a t u s , ovalis paulo convexus, nitidus niger, elytris confertim seria- tim punctulatis, versus basin fere laevibus ; antennis ad basin palpisque testaceis. Long. -1. One specimen, Kansas. Longer and less' convex than the other species, and known by the testaceous palpi. 2. P. ovalis, ovalis convexus, nitidus niger, elytris obsoletissime substriatis, prope strias seriatim subtilissime punctulatis ; antennis ad basin testaceis. Long. •08.— -10. Two specimens, San Diego, California. The body tapers a little posteriorly in 16 [February, the male, but is regularly oral in the female. Differs from the next by the longer form. 3. P. penicillatus, breviter obtuse ovalis, convexus, nigernitidus, elytris obsoletissime substriatis, prope strias seriatim subtilissime punctulatis : antennis ad basin piceis. Long. -13. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc, 4, 91. Kansas and California. By its larger size this species may be distinguished. 4. P. p 0 1 i t u s , breviter obtuse ovalis, niger nitidus, elytris obsoletissime sub- striatis, prope strias subtilissime seriatim jiunctulatis, antennis piceis, ad basin palpisque testaceis. Long. -08. — -09. Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc, 2, 102. Middle and Southern States, abundant. Verj^ similar in form and sculpture to the preceding, but differs by the smaller size and testaceous palpi. The male is slightly narrowed behind. 5. P. p u ra i 1 i 0 , breviter obtuse ovalis, niger nitidus, elytris obsoletissime substriatis, prope strias subtilissime seriatim punctulatis, tibiis tarsis palpis an- tennisque fusco-testaceis, his clava obscura. Long. -05. Two specimens, Georgia : very considerably smaller than P. p o 1 i t u s , which it otherwise resembles. B. Thorax ad basin vix conspicue marginatiis. 6. P. simplex, ovalis convexus postice angustatus, niger nitidus elytris obsoletissime substriatis, antennis ad basin piceis. Long. -10. One specimen, Kansas. Nearly of the same form as P. ovalis, but somewhat attenuated behind, and without any rows of fine punctures upon the elytra, ex- cept very near to the apex. Olibrus Er. Palpi maxillares articulo ultimo ovali ; tibire tenues, calcaribus apicalibus con- spicuis ; tarsi postici reliquis longiores, articulo secundo longiusculo; femora baud ciliata. X. Metasternum antice productum, cum mesosterno connatum, protuberaus ; (elytra striis internis duabus profundioribus). 1. 0. b i c o 1 0 r , oblongo-ovatus, convexus, niger nitidissimus, elytris macula rotundata anteapicali ornatis, substriatis, striis diiabus internis distinctis ; infra rufus, antennis j)edibusque testaceis. Long. -08. — -11. Er. Ins. Deutschl. IIG. (ubi synon. invenies.) Phalacrus bicolor Gyllenhal. Ins. Suec. 3, 431. Middle States, not common. Perhaps imported from Europe. 2. 0. s triat ulu s , oblongo-ovatus convexus, niger nitidus, elytris tenuiter striatis, interstitiis biseriatim subtilissime punctulatis ; subtus cum antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceus. Long. -10. Middle States and Kansas. Of nearly the same form as the preceding, but a little narrower with more distinct elytral strias. 3. 0. rufipes, oblongo-ovatus, convexus, niger, nitidus capite punctate, elytris tenuissirae striatis, interstitiis biseriatim obsolete punctulatis : subtus nigro-piceus, antennis pedibusque rufis. Long. -08. One specimen, Shoa.lwater Bay, Oregon, Dr. Cooper. Of the same form as the preceding, with the head more distinctly punctured. 4. 0. seraistriatus, oblongo-ovatus, convexus, nigro-piceus, nitidus, capite vix punctato, elytris striis antice obliteratis versus apicemvalde distinctis, inter- stitiis biseriatim obsolete punctulatis ; subtus cum antennis pedibusque rufo- testaceus. Long. -08. One specimen from Kansas. Also of the same form as the preceding. 5. 0. rub ens, oralis convexus, ferrngineus nitidus, capite fere Lxvi, elytris 1856.] 17 Etriis duabus solis inteniis tenuibus distinctis, obsoletissime seriatim punctatis, pectore obscuriore, antennis pedibusque testaceis. Long. -09. One specimen, Georgia, which by its more regularly oval form differs from all the rest of this division. B. Metasternum hand productum ; (elytra stria suturali profunda.) 6. 0. 0 b t u s u s , breviter ovalis, convexus, niger nitidus, subtus cum pedibus rufo-piceus, antennarum clava fusca. Long. -07. One specimen, San Jose, California. Resembles Phalacrus in its form, but the palpi and tarsi are those of this genus. The prosternum is ciliate with long hairs behind, which projecting over the mesosternum cause the latter to appear sulcate. 7. 0. api calls, oblongo-ovatus convexus, supra nigro-piceus, ore, thorace ad latera, elytrisque ad latera et postice indeterminate piceo-testaceis ; subtus, pedibus antennisque testaceis. Long. -07. — -09. Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 222. Phalacrus apicalis Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 102. Middle and Southern States and Lake Superior. Varies considerably in size and depth of coloring. 8. 0. a qua tills, subovalis convexus, supra testaceo-piceus, medio obscuriore, subtus cum antennis pedibusque testaceus. Long. -08. San Jose, California, near water. More regularly oval than 0. apicalis, and narrower than 0. obtusus. 9. 0. nitidus, rotundatus subovatus convexus, rufo-testaceus nitidus, ely- tris Ifevibus stria suturali (sicut in prpecedentibus) impunctata. Long. -04. Phalacrus nitidus Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 102. Middle and Southern States, common. 10. 0. pusillus, supra nigro-piceus, ad latera indeterminate rufo-piceus» oblongo-ovatus convexus, nitidus, elytris stria suturali antice punctata, punctis- que seriebus duabus vel tribus utrinque abbreviatis parum distinctis, subtus cum antennis pedibusque testaceus pectore obscuriore. Long. -04. Middle and Southern States. Narrower than 0. nitidus, and very easily distinguished by the two or three rows of punctures reaching near the base or tip. LiTOCHRUS Er. Palpi m'Etrxillares articulo ultimo cylindrico ; tibiae tenues, calcaribus apica- libus conspicuis ; tarsi postici reliquis longiores, articulo primo elongato ; femora hand ciliata. L. p u 1 c h e 1 1 u s , oblongo-ovatus convexus, supra piceus nitidus, thoracis elytrorumque lateribus, macula obliqua antica alteraque posteriore maxima, ore antennis pedibus, corporeque subtus la;te rufo-testaceis, elytris striis internis duabus tenuibus postice confluentibus. Long. -06. One specimen from Louisiana, liberally given me by Mr. Guex. A very beauti- ful little species. The elytra have only two very fine internal striae, which unite about one fourth from the apex. The anterior spot is oblique, the posterior one is larger and rounded. Litochrus brunnipennis, Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1852, 369 ; from Sitkha is ac- cording to a specimen sent me by Baron Chaudoir, a species of Agathidium. Phalacrus pallipes, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 4, 90, from Kansas is un- known to me. It is a species of Olibrus, of the first division ; it is described as not quite one tenth of an inch long, black, with the antennae, feet and palpi testaceous. 2 18 [February, Note on the genus Lithodus Schonherr. By JooN L. Le Conte, M. D. On examiaing a considerable number of specimens of this curious genus, pro- cured by me several years ago, in the valley of the Platte River, it became evi- dent at once that several species existed ; from the close resemblance in color, form and sculpture, it seemed to be a matter of difficulty to separate them, and I proposed to leave them until time and inclination would induce some entomo- logist to labor upon a monograph of our native Curculionidcy. •67, thorace lateribus antice valde rotundatis 38. C. ampins Lee. Doubiful speeies. C. impunctifrons II Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 21. Perhaps C. brevi- labris, but the description is very indefinite. 1856.] 27 C. quadricollis Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 22. Probably C. pensyl- V a n i c u s . C. f u 1 g i c e p s Newm. Ent. Mag. 5, 490. Probably C. pensylyanicus. C. oxygonus Chaud. and C. longi colli s Cliaud. Bull. Mosc. 1843. Pro- bably varieties ofC. tricolor or C. brevilabris. Dinodes rottindicollis Dej. Probably not North American. The species in parentheses are unknown to me : the characters above given of them are taken from the original descriptions. Notes and Synonyms. 1. C. posticus Lee. Mels. Cat. 13. is C. apicalis\^ Lee. Ann. Lye. of Nat. Hist. 5, 179. 4. C. aestivus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 62 ; C. cobaltinits Dej. Sp. Gen, 2, 331 ; var. C. congener Lee. Proc. Acad. 2, 51 ; Ann. Lye. 4, 435. 5. 0. p u s i 11 u s Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 63 ; C. elegantulus Dej. Sp. Gen. 2, 367. 9. C. erythropus Germ. Sp. Nov. 11 ; C. rufilabris Dej. Sp. Gen. 2, 329. 12. C. rufipes seems to vary much in the form of the thorax; the variety or race with the thorax short, more rounded on the sides, and the posterior angles obtuse is C. brevicolUs Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 432. Many entomologists are disposed to receive it as a difierent species, but similar variations seem to occur in C. sericeus. 13. C. lithophilus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 62 ; C. viridanus Dej. Sp. Gen. 5, 660. 14. 0. augustus Newm. Ent. Mag. 5, 490; C. Lecontei Hald. Proc. Acad. 1. 304. 15. 0. sericeus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 61: Dej. Sp. Gen. 2, 347. Carahus sericeus Forster, Cent. Ins. 58, varies somewhat in the form of the thorax; a specimen in which the sides are more rounded than usual, and the anterior angles are considerably defiexed, is G. perviridis Leo. Ann. Lye. 4, 434. This species is found from Maine to Oregon, and as far south as Texas. 19. C. leucoscelis Chevr. Col. Mex. 1st cent. ; C. monachus Lee. Ann. Lye. 5, 180. 23. 0. nemoralis 5'ff?/, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 65. It is doubtful whether the species described under this name by Kirby, (Fauna Bor. Am. 22) is really this; the expression 'thorax densely punctured' seems to indicate that C. tricolor is meant. 24. C. pensyl vanicus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 66. C. jmlescens Harris, New England Farmer, 1828; C. vicinus Dej. Sp. Gen. 5, 659. This species varies slightly in the form of the thorax, but may be easily distinguished from the allied species, by the rough and distinctly punctured interstices of the ely- tra, while the stria; are only faintly punctured. C. fulgiceps Newm. and C. quadricollis Kirby, are perhaps to be added to the synonyms of this, but the descriptions are very unsatisfactory. Mannerheim states that this species is found in California, but I have not seen any specimens from the regions west of the Rocky Jlountains. 25. C. tricolor Dej. Sp. Gen. 2. 334. Specimens of this species were found by me at Tucson, in Northern Sonora, and at San Diego, California ; they differ from those found on the Atlantic slope of the continent, by the thorax being shorter and more rounded on the sides, 26. C. brevilabris Lee. Ann. Lye. Soc. 4, 437. Differs from C. t r i c o 1 o r 28 [February, by the thorax being broader and less narrowed anteriorly, and by the strise of the elytra being very strongly punctured ; C. consimilis Lee. appears to be merely a variety in which the head and thorax are slightly coppery, and the latter is not narrowed toward the base. 27. C. Nebraskensis, subtus niger, supra viridi-aeneus, pubescens, capite subtilissime punctulato, thorace latitudine breviore, baud convexo, lateribus rotundatis utrinque paulo angustato, sat dense punctato, ad basin utriuque longe impresso, angulis posticis obtusis ; elytris obscurioribus striis tenuibus antice subtilius punctatis, interstitiis planissimis subtiliter punctulatis, pedibus palpis- que rufis, antennis piceis articulis tribus baseos rufis, 3io sequente haud longiore. Long. -45. Yellowstone River, Dr. Ilayden : Santa Fe, Mr. R. C. Kern. Differs irom the neighboring species by the more finely striate elytra ; in a dorsal view in fact the outer striae appear almost obliterated. 28. C. gl au c u s , subtus niger, supra obscure viridi-aeneus, pubescens, capite subtilissime punctulato, thorace latitudine paulo breviore, subquadrato, utrinque subangustato, lateribus modice rotundatis, vagius et profunda punctato, ad basin utrinque longe impresso, angulis posticis subrectis, elytris obscuris, vel atro- cyaneis, striis punctatis, interstitiis fere planis, subtiliter punctulatis, pedibus palpisque rufis, antennis piceis, articulis tribus baseos rufis, 3io haud longiore. Long. -44 — -54. Colorado river, near the junction of the Gila. Larger than the neighboring species, and known by the more quadrate thorax, being less densely punctured. 30. C. asperulus 3Ienetries, Bull. Soc. Imp. St. Petersb. 2, 55. Baron Chaudoir informs me that C. obscurus Lee. Ann. Lye. 5, 179, belongs to this species. The color varies, so that the head sometimes becomes greenish bronzed, as de- scribed by Menetries. The antennas are sometimes entirely black, and some- times the first joint is reddish brown. The feet vary in color from rutous to black. The thorax is slightly narrowed, both at the apex and base, but cannot be called cordate. The thorax is described by Menetries " cordato, profuude sed vage punctato," and I should not venture to refer his to my species, were it not for the direct comparison made by my learned and accurate correspondent, Barcn Chaudoir. This discrepancy in the description leads me to believe that C. var.- abilipes Esch. must also be referred here : it being premised that not only does the color of the legs and antennas vary, but even the punctures of the thorax, are sometimes very strong, (though never dense, as described by Eschscholtz), and the fine punctures of the interstices of the elytra are at times less distinct. The description of Eschscholtz (Zool. Alas 5, 27), is as follows: — " Niger pubescens, capite lisvi, thorace subviolaceo, punctatissimo, basi coarc- tato ; angulis productis ; elytris obsolete punctulatis, striis profunde ])unctatis, antennarum basi pedibusque aut rufo-testaceis aut nigris. Long. 5J lin. " San Francisco. Head black, almost imperceptibly rugous. Thorax wider than long, somewhat rounded on the sides, narrowed near the rectangular pro- minent posterior angles ; disc dark blue, thickly covered with large but not deep punctures, hairy with brown pubescence, with two longitudinal impressions at the base. Scutellum black, smooth, shining. Elytra clothed with brown hair, opake black, very finely and not obviously punctured ; humeri not prominent ; strias fine, and strongly punctured on the anterior half. Antennse and legs :of one specimen black, palpi with the last joint red, cylindrical : in the other speci- men, a female, the two basal joints of the antennae, the whole of the palpi, and the feet are red : the third joint of the antennae is of the same length as the following." The description of Menetries reads thus : — " C. asperulus, obscure aeneus, rufo-pubescens ; capite laevi, viridi-cupreo, thorace cordato, ])rofunde sed vage punctato ; elytris striatis, striis forte punctatis, interstitiis subtilissime asperatis ; antennis pedibusque nitide nigris, palpis rufis." 1856.] 29 31. C. obsoletus, Lee. Anu. Lye. 5, 180, is certainly closely allied to the preceding, but the thorax is hardly wider than long, and is more narrowed be- hind ; the feet, palpi and antennae are rufous, the latter being darker externally as is usual. 32. C. circumcinctus Say^ Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 4, 418; C. virens Chaud. Bull. Mosc. 1843. 34. 0. impunctifrons Sai/, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 64 ; C. emarginatus Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 23. 35. C. n i g e r Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 34 ; C. exaraius Ferte, Ann. But. Soc. Fr. 2nd ser. 9, 249. 37. C. tomentosus Dej. Sp. Gen. 2, 357 ; Epomis tomentosus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 60 ; Amara luciuosa Germ. Sp. Nov. 10. On this species M. La Ferte has founded a genus Eurydactylus, which differs from Chlaenius, only in the dilated joints of the anterior tarsi of the male being broader. I do not find in this character an exact agreement between our different species, and, although I have adopted the genus in my memoir in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (10, 390,) I now unite in the opinion of Lacordaire, Gen. Col. (1, 224) that it is entirely un- necessary. Say mentions a green variety from Missouri. 38. C. a m p 1 u s. I have separated under this name a species having the color and sculpture of C. tomentosus, but very different in the form of the thorax, which instead of being gradually rounded on the sides from the base to the apex, has the sides almost parallel near the base, and very much rounded before the middle. It is found in Georgia, and I have examined two specimens of which one is in the collection of Dr. Harris. Synopsis of Species o/Chrysomela and allied Genera inhabiting the United States. By W. Frederick Rogers. The Genera in the United States may be thus classified : — Ungues fissi ; femora postica incrassata ; Blepharida. Ungues integri, vel vix dentati; femora baud incrassata ; Palpi articulo ultimo breviore truncato Doryphora. (Polygramma, Labidomera). Palpi articulo ultimo hand breviore ; Tarsi articulo 2ndo baud angustiore Timarcha. Tarsi articulo 2ndo minore Chrysomela. BliEPHARIDA. Maxillary palpi with the last joint cylindrical and obtusely pointed at the ex- tremity. Posterior femora moderately thickened. Middle and posterior tibife with an obtuse angle on the exterior margin one-third from the tip. Ungues bi- fid. Anterior coxae moderately distant. Prosternum flat. Mesosternum hardly protuberant. Middle coxae widely separated. B. r h o i s . Oval, convex, ferruginous ; head and thorax yellow ; elytra with eleven rows of large punctiares, irregularly mottled sometimes vittate with yellow and ferruginous ; margin always broadly yellow ; antennae black, base piceous. Length -25 — -30. Chrysomela rhois Forst. Cent. Ins. 1, 21. Hiibn. Naturf. 24, St. 40. Oliv. Enc. Meth. 5, 720. Altica virginica Frolich, Naturf. 26, 129, 54. Hallica rhois Ulig. Mag. 6, 161. Chrysomela stolida Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1, 318. Syst. El. 1, 435. Oliv. Enc. Meth. 5, 700. ITaltica stolida lUig. Mag. 6, 161. Chrysomela meticulosa Oliv. Ins. 91, 531, tab. 6, fig. 91. 30 [February, Locality. — Middle States, Southern States, Nebraska and Upper Mississippi . There is considerable variation in the marking ; one specimen from the Southern States was observed having the disc of the elytra irregularl_y ferruginous with a broad yellow margin. Another speqimen from the South has the elytra ferruginous and the spaces between the suture and 1st, 2 to 3, 5 to 6 and 8 to 9th strijB yellow. These differences are sufficient to account for the supposed species above quoted. DoRYPHORA Fabr. Ungues entire, posterior femora not thickened. Maxillary palpi thickened, penultimate joint conical, last joint cylindrical, truncate shorter than the preced- ing ; tibiiB rounded at the extremity and excavated externally ; tarsi with second joint small. Coxa; widely separated. The genus may be divided into three divisions :— 1. Tropical species, in which the mesosternum is produced into a horn. 2. Those in which the mesosternum is slightly excavated, and the feet without spines. Sp. 1 — 4. 3. Those in which the mesosternum is slightly protuberant, and the anterior femora are armed with spines, at least in the male. Sp. 5. 1. D. j u n c t a. Oval, convex, brownish yellow, head and thorax spotted with black ; elytra pale yellow, each with 9 rows of punctures and four black vitt;« ; scutellum black ; suture and space [.between the two outer vittaa and epipleurae brownish yellow ; lateral margin blackish, beneath spotted with black : femora with a small black spot. Length -35 — -40. Chrysomela Jmicta Germ. Sp. Nov. 590. Locality. — Georgia. The two outer vittfeare usually connected at the base and tip, but occasional- ly are completely XJonfluent. 2. D. 10-lineata. Oval, convex, brownish yellow, head and thorax spotted with black, scutellum brownish yellow, margined with black, elytra each with five black lines; the interior line is confluent with the suture behind, beneath spotted with black; knees and tarsi black. Length -35. Say, J. Acad. 3, 453. Locality. — Nebraska and Texas. 3. D. rubiginosa. Oval, convex, yellowish brown, scutellum black; elytra finely not densely punctured ; antennae and legs black. Length -40. One specimen collected by J. D. Clark, Esq., of the Mexican Boundary Com- mission at San Antonio, Texas. Body above and below yellowish brown ; head with a few punctures, a finely impressed vertical line, and a few small impressions between the eyes ; thorax with a few scattered punctures, larger and more obvious at the sides, elytra finely punctured ; the punctures in some places forming irregular rows. 4. D. Haldemani. Subovate, convex, purplish black ; elytra dark metallic green, sparsely punctured. Length -35. One specimen collected by Lt. H. Haldeman, Fredericksburg, Texas. Body subovate, narrowed in front very convex, almost gibbose ; head and thorax sparsely punctured, purplish black, scutellum black, elytra sparsely punctured, the punctures becoming smaller towards the tip, and occasionally arranged in rows ; antennae, legs and under surface purplish black. 5. D. trimaculata. Oval, rounded convex, bluish green ; elytra orange with blue band and large posterior spot ; feet purplish. Length -30— -40. 1856.] • 31 Say, J. Acad. 3, 455. Harris, Ins. 2nd edit. 117. Chrysomela trimaculata Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, 592. Fabr. Ent. Syst. 312. Fabr. El. 1, 424. Oliv. Ins. 91, 515, pi. 3, fig. 29. Coquet. 111. 3, 123. Chrysomela clwicollis Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer. 213. Locality. — Middle States, Southern States and Nebraska. Antennae and palpi black ; elytra punctured in double lines, which become confused near the tip ; a dilated black band extending in breadth from near the base to the middle, not attaining the lateral edge, and often interrupted in the middle of each elytron ; under surface black, feet purplish. TiMARCHA Redt. Palpi slightly thickened with the last joint, oval, truncate and a little longer than the preceding ; tarsi with the second joint not smaller than the first or third ; ungues simple approximate ; coxee of anterior feet moderately, of the pos- terior widely separated; tibiae rounded at the extremity, not sulcate. Body ob- long, very convex, black scabrous, with confluent impressed punctures, which are coarsest upon the elytra ; the latter are united. T. intricata. Head irregularly and strongly punctured, thorax with large scattered punctures, the interstices tolerably densely punctured, transverse, more than twice as long as broad ; apex broadly emarginate, base subsinuate, basal angles rectangular ; elytra with large confluent punctures, the interstices with fine scattered punctures ; under surface coarsely, feet finely punctured. Tab. 1, fig. 1. Length -40. Hald. Proc. Acad. 6, 363. T. intertexta Hald. Ibid. Locality. — Oregon and northern California, Dr. Townsend and Mr. Child. T. intertexta I regard as a variety of intricata, with the elytra a little more rugose. Ohtsomela Linn. Palpi with the last joint not longer than the preceding ; tarsi with second joint smaller than the first and third ; ungues simple ; coxec of anterior feet moderately or slightly, those of the posterior widely separated. The body varies in form from rounded to oval, and even to elongate ; it is usually winged, but apterous in only one American species ; the paljji vary in form, having the last joint in many thick and dilated, and in others slender; thorax always broader than long, some- times equally convex, sometimes with the lateral margin broadly thickened. The sculpture of the elytra varies ; some are very finely and confusedly punctured with labyrinthine rows of larger punctures limiting spots of different colors, while in others the punctures are arranged in nine regular striaj with a short one at the scutellum. The mesosternum is never protuberant, the femora are never toothed. The tibia; vary in form ; they are sometimes rounded at the tip and not sulcate ; sometimes dilated into aia angle ; and sometimes sulcate on the outer margin. The species found in this country may be divided into the following groups : — I. Palpi dilated ; 1. Sides of the thorax notthickened. *_Tibise rounded at the apex, elytra irregularly punctured, or with sinuous striae. Elytra with labyrinthine spots. A Elytra striped. B. ** Tibiae with an external tooth near the apex ; elytra with regular striae of punctures. C. 2. Sides of the thorax thickened. D. 32 [February, II. Palpi slender. , 1. Body elongate. ■* Elytra irregularly punctured. Sides of the thorax thickened. E. Sides of the thorax not thickened. F. ** Elytra with regular striae of punctures. G. 2. Body rounded *** Elytra with regular striag of punctures. H. **** Elytra irregularly punctured. Tibias excavated externally and dilated at tip. I. Tibiae excavated externally, hardly dilated at tip. K. Group K, does not appear in the subsequent pages, as I have seen no American specimens of C. adonidis, the species on which it is founded ; although Kirby states that specimens of it were obtained in high northern latitudes. A. 1. C. scalaris. Oval, greenish blue, elytra punctate, yellowish white spotted with blue, suture with a broad metallic black stripe branched in three or four places, humerus with a large lunate spot; under surface bronzed black, antennas and legs ferruginous. Tab. 1, fig. 2. Length -32—40. Lee. Ann. Lye. 1, 173. Harr. Ins. 117. C. phUadelphica'l Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am. 210. Locality. — Middle States, Lake Superior and Nebraska. Oval, rather narrower than usual, greenish blue, sometimes dark bronze ; thorax with scattered punctures at the sides, elytra punctate, yellowish white, and very brilliant silvery when living ; suture with a broad metallic stripe general- ly black, sometimes bronze and dark blue. This insect is closely allied to C. philadelphica of Linn., the difference consists in the suture being marked with a broad black stripe, with which the spots are connected so as to form branches ; in C philadelphica the suture is black, straight and narrow, separated from a narrow subsutural black vitta by a narrow yellow line. There is considerable variety in the color and size of the spots of these insects. 2. C. serpentina. Oval, greenish blue, elytra pale gold, with the suture and several large sinuous dark blue spots more or less confluent ; margin black, antennae black, red towards the base ; legs dark red, under surface bluish black. Tab. 1, fig. 3. Length. -42. Five specimens collected by J. D. Clark, Esq., at San Antonio, Texas. Body oval, moderately convex ; head with a triangular impression between the eyes, thorax coarsely punctured at the sides, scutellum bluish green, elytra pale gold, suture and confluent stripe blue, the latter not reaching the base, with about ten dark blue spots, wings brilliant red ; under surface very dark blue, almost black ; antennae hairy at the tip. I have adopted the name used in Dr. Le Conte's Cabinet. In dried specimens the golden tint of the elytra fades, and the color becomes yellowish white. 3. C. dislocata. Oval, bluish green, elytra pale ferruginous, with subsutu- ral vitta and several sinuous black spots more or less confluent, antennae black- ish, red at the base, legs and under surface black. Tab. 1, fig. 4. Length. "35. Three specimens collected by J. D. Clark, Esq., San Antonio, Texas. Body oval, moderately convex, head moderately punctured ; thorax strongly punctured at the sides. 4. C. tortuosa. Oval, ferruginous ; elytra yellow with several black spots, suture and a subsutural vittac dark ferruginous, the latter confluent near the tip, antennae, legs and under surface ferruginous. Tab. l,j fig. 5. Lengtla. -25. Two specimens collected by J. D. Clark, Esq., San Antonio, Texas. 1856.] 33 Head and thorax ferruginous slightly punctured, scutelhim ferruginous, elytra with from five to nine black spots,^sometimes confluent, legs slightly punctured. 5. C. p h i 1 a d e 1 p h i c a. Oval, greenish black, elytra pale yellow, with a longitudinal stripe near the suture, and a number of dark green spots ; palpi, an- tennae and legs rufous, under surface dark green. Tab. 1, fig. G. Length. -27— -34. Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, 592, 44. De Geer. Ins. 5, 353, 6, t. 16, f. 13. Fabr. Syst. EL 1, 444, 135. Fabr. Syst. Ent. 1, 392. Oliv. Ent. 5, 91, 525, 33, t. 2, f. 22. C. decipicns Web. Obs. Ent. 1, 52, 1? Locality. — Middle, Southern and Western States. Body oval, with scattered punctures, head and thorax sparsely punctured ; scutellum dark green, elytra with three larger dark spots near the suture ; the suture is generally black, and dilated towards the thoiax, but in one specimen from Missouri Territory, this is not the case, and in it the suture is pale yellow, and does not become broader in front. C. s p i r ae a?. Green, elytra pale yellow tinged with red, with green spots and a common sutural line, trifed at base, antennae and legs rufous ; under surface dark green. Length. -25. Say, J. Acad. 5, 297. C. confinis Kirby, Fauna Bor. Amer. 211. Locality. — Lake Superior. Body oval, head and thorax dark bronzed green, elytra pale yellow, some- times rufous, each with about seventeen small green dots, and a common sutflral line which sends off a lateral short branch on each side near the base. In one specimen the spots and sutural line are black. 7. C. Bigsbyana. Oval, green, anterior margin and sides of prothorax yellow, elytra yellow, with a sutural stripe, antennae and [legs rufous, under lurface dark green. Length. -25— -35. Kirb}', Fauna Bor. Amer. 212. Locality. — Middle and Western States, also two specimens from Steilacoom, Puget sound, W. T., collected by Geo. Gibbs, Esq. 8. C. m u 1 1 i p u n c t a t a. Oval, ferruginous, thorax yellow, with ferruginous spots arranged in a circle, elytra yellow, with numerous green spots ; antenncP, legs and under surface ferruginous. Tab. 1, fig. 7. Length. -24 — '35. Say, J. Acad. 3, 451. Kirby, Fauna Bor. Amer. 211. Tjocality. — Missouri Territory. Head ferruginous, thorax yellow, with a ferruginous, irregular arcuated line and basal edge, including an obsolete spot, elytra with a sutural stripe and numerous irregular green spots, and abbreviated lines. In one specimen the suture has a common ferruginous fillet. B. 9. C. exclamationis. Oval, ferruginous, thorax with a yellow margin, elytra pale yellow, with four black striae, the third abbreviated, the fourth in- terrupted. Lengfli. -30. Fabr. El. 1, 435. Oliv. Ins. 91, 530. tab. 6, fig. 81. Locality. — Southern States and Kansas. Head ferruginous, anterior margin of the prothorax yellow, elytra pale yellow, with the suture and four striae ferruginous ; the first and second not reaching the margin, the third confluent with the fourth at the edge of the elytra ; legs and under surface ferruginous. 10. C. casta. Oval, dark ferruginous ; thorax strongly but sparsely punc- tured ; elytra pale yellow, sparsely punctured ; suture and three lines marked 3 34: [February, with fine punctiires ; legs and iinder surface ferruginous; epipleurae brown. Tab. l.fig. 8. Localiti/. — Kansas and Illinois ; specimens from the latter locality were collect- ed by Mr. R. Kennicott. This insect is allied to 0. p u 1 c h r a, but in that species the outer vittae arc usually entirely confluent into one broad stripe. In C. casta these lines are narrow and the subsutural one is confluent only behind the middle. 11. C. coniuncta. Oval, convex, ferruginous; thorax yellow, sparsely punctured with a large ferruginous spot covering the base ; elytra pale yellow, with the suture and subsutural vitta confluent ; the other two connected behind and a short one at the humerus, legs and under surface ferruginous. Tab. 1, fig. 9. Length. -23. Locality. — Kan sas . Related to C. e x c 1 a m t i o n i s, but is smaller, with head and thorax more shining and less punctured ; with the conjoined Aattse more abbreviated behind there is no lateral dot at the middle, and the epipleurae are not ferruginous, ex cept at the extreme margin. 12. C. d i s r u p t a . Round and convex, blackish ; thorax coarsely punctured, elytra pale yellow, punctured ; the suture, sub-sutural vitta and three other discoidal narrow ones anteriorly abbreviated, with several sub-marginal bronzed dots; legs and under surface blackish. Tab. 1, fig. 10. Length. -21— -20. Locality. — Louisiana and Kansas. This insect is of the same form as the previous ones, but may be dis- tinguished by the interruption of the interior dorsal vittae ; the middle one nearly unites posteriorly with the inner one, but is a little shorter than it; the outer posterior dots are directly in continuation of the external abbreviated vitta : epipleurae pale. 13. C. h y b r i d a. Ferruginous, elytra pale yellow, with a wide sutui-al and discoidal ferruginous band, the band nearly divided into two, of which the inner one is narrower. Tab. 1, fig. 11. Lengtii. -35. Say, J. Acad. 3, 449. .' Locality. — Southern States and Nebraska. Body oval, thorax irregularly punctured and with larger confluent punctures on the sides ; scutellum impunctured, rounded at the tip ; antennae, legs and under surface ferruginous. There is _great variety in the marking, a specimen from Nebraska has the band divided into three, the first joined to the second at the base, the middle one sinuous and joined to the outer one at the tip, the outer one very faint, at the base. 14. 0. incisa. Oval, rounded, bronzed, ferruginous; tliorax with coarse punctures; elytra pale yellow, with abroad blackish brown sutural vitta ab- breviated at the base, a broad stripe narrowed at the humerus and not reaching the base, and a small dot at the base, and another at the tip ; cpii)leurae dark. Tab. 1, fig. 12. Length. -24. Locality. — One specimen from Kansas. This insect has the same form and size as 0. p u 1 c h r a, the punctures of the dark vitta and those of the external rows are, however, more distinct, and the form of the vittae different. The sutural one is not prolonged at the base, but trun- cate anteriorly at the scutellum, which, as usual, is dark colored ; at about two- thirds the length it is suddenly slightly dilated nearly to the apex. The outer vitta is a very broad spot extending three-fourths the length of the elytra ; nan'owed before and behind, convex on its inner, but moderately emarginate on its outer surface about the middle. 1856.] c50 15. C. pulchra. Rounded, black bronzed ; elytra pale yellow ; suture and a broad dorsal vitta dark bronzed. Length. -24— -26. Fabr. El. 1, 425. Oliv. Enc. Meth. 5, 693. Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1, 313, 27. Coqueb. 111. Ins, 3, 123. Sch. Syn. Ins. 2, 240. Locality. — Middle and Southern States. Body oval, rounded ; thorax coarsely punctured ; scutellum black, which gives the sutural vitta the appearance of extending to the prothorax ; elytra pale yellow, with punctures on the suture and vittae which do not reach the apex or base, outer margin of the vitta slightly and obtusely sinuous ; the vitta is some- times partially divided by a yellow line, and may sometimes form two vittae ; in another specimen the sutural and discoidal vittae are confluent ; antennae, legs and under surface brownish black. 16. C. s i m i 11 s . Oval, dark bronzed ; elytra pale yellow ; suture and a broad dorsal vitta dark bronzed. Tab. 1. fig. 13. Length. -26. Locality. — Middle and Southern States. This species differs from the preceding in the shape ; it is quite oval, whereas, C. pulchra is round ; the emargination of the outer margin near the middle is more angular and sudden. 17. C. praecelsis. Oval, convex, ferruginous ; thorax with a yellow margin; elytra pale yellow, with fine punctures ; legs, thorax and under surfixce ferrugi- nous. Tab. 1, fig. 14. Length. -31. Locality. — Kansas river. Thorax with the disc coarsely punctured, with a narrow yellow margin at the side impunctured ; elytra with fine punctures on the suture and dorsal vittae, with a broad sutural vitta suddenly narrowed at the base, and a broad bronze brown dorsal vitta, narrowed at the apex and base. 18. C. elegans. Oval, metallic black ; thorax yellow, with a black mark at the base ; elytra pale yellow, with a black suture and dorsal vitta. Length. -20— -25. Oliv. 91, 532, tab. 6, fig. 92. Locality. — Middle and Southern States and Lake Superior. Head black ; antennae black, with the second and third joints slightly ferrugi- nous ; thorax yellow, slightly punctured, with two confluent spots on each side placed obliquely, the anterior one being nearer the middle ; and with a black dorsal line ; the spots have the appearance of the letter W inverted ; elytra pale yellow, slightly punctured with a black sutural and dorsal vitta regularly punc- tured ; legs and under surface black. C. 19. C. r u f i p e s . Oblong, oval, ferruginous ; head black, with mouth and antennae red ; thorax coarsely punctured with two large triangular spots at the base ; elytra ferruginous, with ten black spots, legs red, under surface black. Length. -25. De Geer. Ins. 5, 295, tab. 8, fig. 5. Sufi'r. Linn. Ent. vol. 5, 211. Phytodecta rujipe.s Kirby. Fauna Bor. Amer. 213. Locality. — Lake Superior. There is great variety in the marking of the thorax and elytra, the markings in some specimens are very faint, and in others wanting. I have not been able to make any comparison between this and the European species, and I give it as identical on the authority of Kirby. 20. C. arctica. Oblong, oval, elongate, ferruginous ; head black; thorax with two basal black spots usually confluent, coarsely punctured ; scutellum black ; elytra ferruginous, with ten black spots ; legs black, with the tibiae and tarsi red. Length. -26. 38 [February, Gonioctena arctica Maun. Bull. Mosc. 1853. Gonioctena ajfinis\ Manu. Bull. Mosc. 1852, 2, 369. Locality. — Russian America. According to Mannerheim's description, this species varies much in color; he also states that it is nearly allied to the European C. nivosa. D. '21. C. suhsulcata. Oblong, oval, apterous, dark blackish green ; thorax with the margin much thickened, not reaching the apex internally, slightly punctured ; elytra connate, very convex, rounded at the sides, sulcate and punc- tured in regular rows ; antennae, legs and under surface very dark bluish green. Length. -32. Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1853. Locality. — Russian America. 22. C. cribraria. Oblong, oval, bronzed black; thorax much thickened at the sides, reaching the apex, with a few large marginal punctures near the impression ; elytra very dark, bronzed black, thickly and irregularly punctured ; antennae, legs and under surface black. Length. -37. Locality. — Southern States. 23. C. inornata. Oblong oval, bronzed; thorax with margin thickened and a few coarse punctures at the side ; elytra bronzed black ; legs and under surface dark blue. Length. -25. Locality. — Western States. This insect is closely allied to 0. cribraria, but differs iu the color of the thorax and elytra ; there are also more punctures on the thorax, and the lateral impres- sion is less deejj than in C. cribraria. 24. C. subopaca. Oblong oval, black, bronze, tinged with green ; thorax with thickened margin, with a few punctures at the sides ; elytra finely punc- f^ured, with the punctures forming indistinct rows; antennae dark blue, with the four last joints hairy, legs and under surface black, bronzed. Length. -25. Locality. — Middle States. Thorax less punctured ; elytra more finely punctured and less lustrous than iu C. inornata ; the punctures are arranged in rows. 25. C. auripennis. Oval, oblong, violaceous; thorax with the margin thickened and slightly distant punctures ; scutellum violaceous ; elytra golden cupreous brilliant, exterior edge green, punctured, punctures placed in somewhat regular rows ; antennae, legs and under surface violaceous. Length. -32 — -46. Say,' J. Acad. 3, 452. Locality. — Western States, Nebraska, New Mexico and Texas. These insects vary greatly in color ; two specimens from New Mexico are en- tirely violaceous, and in one from Texas the elytra are brilliant green. 26. 0. vidua. Oblong, oval, black, slightly bronzed ; thorax with the margin thickened, with coarse punctures ; elytra black, slightly bronze, with the punc- tures in somewhat regular rows ; antennae, legs and under surface black. Length. -26. Locality. — Oregon, Col. McCall. 1*J. C. flavomarginata. Oblong, black; thorax with lateral margin thickened and punctured at the sides ; elytra black, with regularly-disposed punctures, and smaller irregularly disposed punctures ; exterior and tip yellowish, Eegs and under surface black. Length. -22— -29. Say, J. Acad. 3, 452. Locality. — Kansas. 1856.] 37 E. 28. C. i n t e r u p t a. Oblong, elongate, black ; thorax black, with a yellow margin thickened ; elytra pale yellow, with six spots on each more or less con- fluent ; legs bluish black, with tibiae ferruginous. Length. -25 — -35. Fabr. El. 1, 438. Oliv. Ins. 91, 558, tab. 8, fig. 119. Locality. — Middle States, Southern States, Lake Superior, Nebraska and Ore- gon. This species varies much in color, the specimens I have examined may be classed under the following varieties, though intermediate forms occur : — 1. The two anterior spots confluent ; two middle spots confluent ; and the two posterior spots confluent, forming a very broad band ; legs bluish black, with tibiae ferruginous ; under surface bluish black. 2. The two anterior spots confluent, having the shape of a horse shoe ; the Jwo middle spots separate and the two posterior confluent, but much more nar- row than in 1. 3. With none of the spots confluent ; legs bluish black ; tibiae pale yellow, under surface black, with the four last segments of the abdomen slightly marked with yellow. 4. In which all the spots have disappeared, with the exception of the two middle ones ; legs blue, black, with the tibia ferruginous, under surface black. 5. The two anterior spots confluent ; the middle separate, and the posterior confluent ; legs and under surface ferruginous, except the sides of the pectus, which are black. 6. None of the spots confluent; legs ferruginous ; under surface of the thoraj: black. 29. C. s c r i p t a . Oblong, elongate, black ; thorax black, with a yellow margin thickened ; elytra yellow, coarsely and sparsely punctured, with seven elongate spots on each elytron, two at the apex, slightly elongate, three at the middle very elongate ; and two at the base, the one nearest the suture slightly elongate, the other broad and very elongate. Length. ■2'7 — -35. Fabr. El. 1, 438. Oliv. 5, 559. Oliv. Enc. Meth. 5, 119? Locality. — Middle States, Southern States, Nebraska and Lake Superior. In two specimens the thorax is dark red, with a yellow margin, and the under surface black with the legs ferruginous. 30. C. confluens. Oblong oval, black, head and thorax black, thorax with a wide yellow margin, elytra brownish black, finely and sparsely punctured, with four very faint oblong ferruginous spots on each elytron, antennae, legs and under surface black. Length -28. Locality. — Oregon, one specimen. Closely allied to C. o b s o 1 e t a of Say, but differs from it in the form of the body, being wider in proportion, also in having the elytra more finely punctured. 31. C. obsoleta. Oblong oval, head and thorax tinged with green, margin of the latter yellowish, thickened, with a black insulated point; elytra brownish black irregularly punctured, margin, tip and obsolete lines before and behind the middle yellowish, antennae legs and under surface black. Length -33. Ilelodes obsoleta Say, J. Acad. 3, 435. Locality. — Western States. Differs from C. confluens in the form of the body, being longer and more narrow, also in having the elytra more coarsely and densely punctured. F. 32. C. c a 1 i f o r n i c a . Oblong oval, dark green, thorax sparsely punctured, 38 [February, elytra dark green, coarsely punctured, antennae and legs black, under surface blackish green. Length -18. This insect was sent by Col. Motschulsky, under the name of Plagiodera californica, as coming from California, but I have been unable to find any description of it. G. 33. C. trivittata. Oblong, blue-black, head entirely blue-black, with an impressed frontal line divaricated before ; thorax sparsely punctured, lateral margins yellowish, this color being contracted in the middle on the inner side ; elytra with punctured strise, sutural margin yellow ; vitta on the middle not reaching the tip, and exterior edge blue-black ; legs black, tibiae ferruginous, abdomen with the caudal segment margined behind with dull yellow. Length -15. Helodes trivittata Say, J. Acad. 5, 289. Locality. — Middle States, Lake Superior. 34. C. vitellinae. Oblong slightly oval, coppery violaceous, antennae with first and second joint rufous ; thorax finely and sparsely punctured, elytra cop- pery violaceous, punctured in rows with the interstices indistinctly punctured ; under surface bronze black, legs black with the first joint of tarsi rufous. Length -16— -18. Phytodecta intellince Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer. 216. Locality. — Middle States, Western States and Lake Superior. One specimen from Lake Superior had the elytra black. H. 35. C. V i r i d e . Rounded, dark green, head with an impressed frontal line, thorax very finely and sparsely punctured ; scutellum blackish, elytra very finely punctured in striae with the lines remote, antennae, legs and under surface blackish. Length -12— -16. Gastrophysa viride Mel.". Pro. Acad. 3, 175. Locality. — Middle States. 3G. C. dissimilis. Oblong oval, metallic blue or green, head impressed between the antennse, antennte black, thorax regularly convex, lateral edges re- gularly curved, scutellum impunctured, elytra densely punctured, legs and under surface black, posterior angles of thorax very obtuse and rounded. Length -24. Say, J. Acad. 3, 451. Locality. — Nebraska. Varies in its colors. It is sometimes of a very dark purple, and sometimes of a bright green, more or less tinged with violaceous, particularly about the suture. 37. C. caesia. Oblong oval, brilliant metallic green, head and thorax densely punctured with the posterior angles of the thorax obtuse, elytra metal- lic green, finely punctured, legs and under surface blackish green. Length -21— -23. Locality. — California, at San Francisco. The thorax is very perceptibly narrower than the elytra ; and the body is longer and more convex than C. cyanea. One specimen is blackish. 38. C. cyanea. Oblong oval, purplish, head and thorax densely punctured, elytra purplish, densely punctured, antennae legs and under surface purplish black. Gastrophysa cyanea Mels. Pr. Acad. 3, 175. 1856.] 30 Length -20. Locality. — Middle and Southern Stateg. This insect is very closely allied to C. caesia, but differs in having the thorax wider, and the body longer and more narrow in proportion to its size. 39. C. polygoni. Oblong oval, brilliant metallic blue, head blue-black punctured, antennse black, basal joint rufous beneath and at tip, thorax rufous sparsely and finely punctured, elytra brilliant metallic blue densely punctured, under surface blackish blue, legs rufous, tarsi black, anus rufous. Length -18. Linn. Fn. Suec. .^)20 ; Syst. Nat. 2, 589, 24. Harris, Insects, 118, (2d edition.) C. ca'ruJeipennis Say, J. Acad. 5, 296. Phmdon polygoni Kirby, Fn. Bor. Am. 216. Localily. — Southern and Middle States. 40. C. formosa. Oblong ov.al, convex, above golden green, strongly punc- tured, thorax with the basal angles obtuse, scutellum purple, elytra strongly punctured, suture purplish, exterior edge blue, antennae and palpi black, tibice black, under surface violaceous. Length -18. Say, J. Acad. 3, 451. Locality. — Kansas and Santa Fe. List of Species unknown to me. C. vim in alls Linne. Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1853. Russian America. C. lapponica Linne. Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1853. Russian America. Phratora interstitialis Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1853. C. basilar is Say, J. Acad. 3, 451. C. adonidis Fabr. El. 1. 431. Phaedon adonidis Kirby, F. B. A. 216. Gastrophysa ajnea Mels. Pr. Acad. 3, 175. Gastrophysa raphani Fabr. Kirby, F. B. A. 216. All the specimens, I have described in the preceding pages, are in tiie Cabinet of Dr. J. L. Le Conte, to whom I must return my sincere thanks for his valuable assistance and the kind loan of books and specimens. Notes on North American Birds in the Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and National Museum, Washinyton. By John Cassin. 1. BuTEO MONTAKUS, Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. i, p. 112, (1840). " Buteo Swainsonii, Bonap.," Cassin, B. of Cal. and Tex. i, p. 98. " Falco buteo, Linn." Aud. Orn. Biog. iv, p. 508. And. B. of Am. pi. 372, Oct. ed. i, pi. 6. On examination of not less than twenty specimens of this bird from various localities in the Western countries of North America, I have found the charac- ters constantly present which distinguish it from Buteo borealis, as pointed out in my Birds of California and Texas, p. 98. The voice of this species is repre- sented by several of the late naturalists who have visited California, as quite peculiar, and I am assured by my friend Dr. Thos. M. Brewer, of Boston, that the egg is entirely different from that of B. boreali.f. Though nearly related to that species, it is very probably entitled to be regarded as distinct, for which purpose Mr. Nuttall's name as above given is proper. This bird appears to be of common occurrence in California, being brought in nearly every collection from that country, and it is also in Dr. Sucklej^'s col- lection from Washington Territory. The specimen figured by Mr. Audubon as above, and which was brought by Dr. Townsend from the Rocky Moi\ntains, is in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy. It is the same specimen described by Mr. Nuttall, and named as above. 40 [February, 2. Spizella pallida, (Swainson). Emberiza pallida, Swainson, Faun. Bor. Am., ii, p. 251 (1831). Emberiza Shattuckii, Audubon, B. of Am., oct. ed. vii, p. 347 (1844). Aud. B. of Am. Oct. ed. vii, pi. 493. The bird described and figured by Mr. Audubon as above, is the Emberiza pallida, Swainson, as any one ma-y readily determime by examining and compar- ing the descriptions as above cited, with or without sjjecimens. This species is easily recognized by its wide stripe of ashy white from the base of the bill over the eye, two longitudinal stripes on the head of brownish black, and with an intermediate or middle stripe on the top of the head ashy white. Ears and cheeks behind and below the eye pale brown, with a line of black on its lower edge, and another line of black from the corner of the lower mandible. Upper parts of body pale ashy brown, every feather on the back and wing coverts with a black longitudinal stripe ; tail brown. Under parts white, tinged with ashy and pale brown on the sides and flanks. Bill and feet yellowish. Total length 5J inches, wing 2^, tail 2J inches. Hah. Western North America, California. Spec, in Mus. Acad. Philada., and Nat. Mus. Washington. 3. Spizella Breweri, nobis. " Emberiza pallida. Swains." Audubon, Orn. Biog. v, p. 6G. Aud. B. of Am. pi. 398. oct. ed.iii, pi. 161. This species has the head above and other upper parts uniform pale ashy brown, every feather having a narrow brownish black line, a short and obscure stripe of ashy white over the eye. No stripes on the head, as in the preceding. Under parts ashy white. Bill and feet yellowish. Total length 5 inches, wing 2J, tail 24 inches. Hah. Western North America, California, New Mexico. Spec, in Mus. Acad. Philada., and Nat. Mus. Washington. Easily distinguished from the preceding by the absence of the stripes on the head, so strongly characterizing that species and smaller size. It is apparently a much more abundant species, being brought in nearly all collections from California and New Mexico. I have much pleasure in embracing the present opportunity to dedicate a bird of the United States to my esteemed friend Thomas M. Brewer, M. D., of Boston, one who to the highest abilities and social qualities adds an ardor in devotion to Ornithological science rarely paralleled. 4. ToTANUS BREViPES, Vicill. Nouv. Diet, vi, p. 410 (181G). Totanus fuliginosus, Gould, Voy. Beagle, Birds p. 130 (1841). Scolopax undulata, Forster, Desc. An. p. 173 (1844). Totanus polynesiae, Peale, Voy. Vincennes and Peacock, Birds p. 237 (1848). Totanus pulverulentus, Mviller, Verb. p. 153 (1844)? Totanus oceanicus. Lesson, Comp. aux ffiuv. de Buffon. p. 244 (1847). Tringa glareola. Pallas, Zoog. Ross. As. ii, p. 194 (1831). Pallas Zoog. Rosso-As. Birds, pi. 60. Temm. and Schl. Fauna Japon. Bird.--, pi. 65 ? About the size of or rather larger than T. flavipes. Wing long, pointed, first primary longest, secondaries short, truncate, emarginate, tertiaries long, tarsi and toes rather short, tibia feathered about two-thirds of its length. Adult. — Entire upper parts, neck, breast and sides dark lead colored, uniform and without white marks ; throat, middle of abdomen, ventral region and under tail coverts white. Under wing coverts white, spotted and barred with dark lead color. A stripe of white from the base of the bill over the eye, lores brown- ish black, eye enclosed in a narrow circle of white. Quills dark brown, shaft of the first primary white on its upper surface ; shafts of the other primaries reddish brown on their upper surface, and of all on their under surfaces, white. Tail lead colored, uniform with the upper parts of the body, shafts of tail feathers lead colored above, white beneath. Bill dark, feet greenish. Younger. — Upper parts as above, entire under parts transversely barred with 1856.] 41 dark ashy brown and white, the former predominating on the sides and flanks. Throat and middle of the abdomen white. Dimensions.— Toto^l length (of skin) about 10 J inches, wing 6 J inches, tail 3-^ inches. Ilab. Islands in the Pacific Ocean, Washington Territory, (Dr. J. G. Cooper) Spec, in Nat. Mus. Washington, and Mas. Acad. Philada. For the first time within the limits of the United States, this extensively dif- fused species has been found in Washington Territory, the extreme north west portion of this Republic, by J. G. Cooper, M. D., naturalist attached to the party which surveyed the most northern proposed route for a rail-road to the Pacific Ocean, and commanded by Hon. I. I. Stevens. It is a small species uniformly colored above, and not difficult to distinguish from any other of its genus yet discovered in the United States. This species possesses an extensive range of locality, probably including the greater part of the entire western coast of North and South America, the Sand- wich and Feejee Islands, and is very nearly allied to, if not identical with the Japanese species, figured as above in Fauna Japonica. It has, moreover, quite a redundancy of names, a portion of which we cite above. Pallas gives this species as an inhabitant of Kamtschatka and the Russian American islands. 5. Anser htperboreus, Pallas, Spicilegia Zoologica, i, pt. vi, p. 25, (ITGD.) Anas nivalis, Forster, Phil. Trans. London, Ixii, p. 413, (lYT'i.) Wilson, Am. Orn. viii, pi. 68, fig. 5. And. B. of Am. pl. 381, fig. 1, oct. ed. vi, pl. 381, fig. 1. This species is either liable to great variation in size and color of plumage, or three distinct birds have been confounded under one name. My present in- formation inclines me to the opinion that the latter is the truth ; after having collected numerous specimens now in the Museum of the Academy, and rather carefully noted the observations of northern voyagers and of naturalists attached to Arctic Expeditions. Two distinct sizes appear to be constant in the same sexes of specimens that are perfectly white, with the black tips of the primaries and the ferruginous markings on the head and face in both, and these I regard at present as distinct species. The larger is the bird described by Pallas and Forster and by all Ameri- can authors as the Snow Goose, and is much the more frequent on the Atlantic coast of North America. It is figured by the authors above cited and by others, and specimens are frequently brought to the markets of the cities, though some winters have passed in Philadelphia in which I have not noticed it. Specimens of adults and young are in the Museum of this Academy, the young being distinguished by the prevalence of a cinereous color on the upper parts of the head, neck and body. Sexes alike, female slightly smaller. Dimensions. — Male. Total length (of skin) about 31 inches, wing 18^, tail 6J, bill from the tip to frontal feathers along the culmen 2^, to gape 2f, tarsus 3|^ inches. 6. Anser albatus, nobis. Form. — Smaller than the preceding, bill shorter, bare space at the base of the upper mandible not extending so far into the feathers (on the sides of the bill in front.) Wing long, second quill longest, tail short but comparatively rather longer than in the preceding, which is also the case with the tarsus. Dimensions. — Male. Total length (of skin) about 25 inches, wing 15|, tail 5f , bill measured along the culmen from tip to frontal feathers 2, to gape 2, tarsus 3 inches. Sexes alike, female slightly smaller. Colors. — Adult. Entire plumage white, except primaries, which are pale cine- reous at base and black in the terminating two-thirds of their length. Front and cheeks spotted with ferrugiuous, bill and feet red. Uab. — Western and Northern America, Oregon, rare on the Atlantic. A single specimen from Oregon is in the collection of the Exploring Expedi- tion in the Vincennes and Peacock, and four specimens, which occurred in pairs, have come under my notice in the market at Philadelphia in the course of twenty years. These five specimens are all that I have seen of this species, and it is 42 [February, very probably of rare occurrence on the coast of the Atlantic in this latitude, much more so than the preceding. The four specimens alluded to, which are a pair of adults and a pair of young, are now in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy. The third species, confounded by authors with the preceding, is : t. Anser cceetjlescens (Linn.) Anas coerulescens, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 198, (1766.) Edwards, Birds, iii. pi. 152. Wilson, Am. Orn. viii. pi. 69, fig. 5. Aud. B. of Am. pi. 381, fig. 2, oct. ed. \i. pi. 381, fig. 2. This bird is figured and described by both Wilson and Audubon, as the young of Anser hyperboreus, but neither of them appear to me to have done so on any sufiBcient information, as may, I think, readily be inferred from their articles on that species. That it is not the young of either of the preceding species is my conclusion, being, as I believe, acquainted with the young of both. The figure given by Edwards as above, represents, apparently, the young of this species, and those of Wilson and Audubon a more mature stage of plumage, if not adult. This bird was known to the earlier naturalists, having been named by Linnaeus as above, in 1766, and before him by Brisson in 1760. Both, how- ever, probably described on the faith of Edwards' figure, which was published in 1748. Pennant apparently does not, but gives a sufficient description of this species under the name of "Blue winged Goose" in Arctic Zoology, ii, p. 269, (1792.) If this bird is the 3"0ung of Anser hyporborens, which I deem very improbable, its specific name as above is the proper designation of the species, having priority over Pallas' Anser hyperboreus, or Forster's Anas nivalis (Phil. Trans. London, Ixii. p. 413, 1772,) which are synonymes. It is of rare occurrence on the coast of the Atlantic, in the latitude of New Jersey, though stated to be abundant in the Arctic regions. Specimens in the Museum of the Philadelphia Academy. A Synopsis of Entozoa and some of their Ecto-congeners observed by the Author. By Joseph Leidy, M.D. PROTHELMINTHA. 1. BoDO RANARTTM Ehrcnberg. Abundant in the intestines of different species of frogs and toads. 2. BoDO HELicis Diesing. Cryjytobia hdicis Leidy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., iii, 101. Cryptoicus helicis Leidy, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., i, 67. Bodo helicis Diesing. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 284. 3. BoDO coLUBRORUM Hammcrsclimidt. In the cloaca of Tropidonotus sirlalis. 4. BoDO JULiDis Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., V, 100; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 2d ser., x, 244. 5. BoDO MUSCARUM Leidy. Frequent in the intestine of the house fly, 3Iusca domestica, in immense quantity. 6. Bodo melolonth.k Leidy. Body spherical; diameter .00449 to .0112 mm. Tail simple, about the length of the diameter of the body. Found in the intestine of Melolontha quercina and 31. brunnea. 7. BuRSAUiA iNTESTiNALis Ehrcnlj. In the intestine of liana pipiens. 8. Leucophrts stryatis Dujardin. Leucopkrys. Leidy, Journ. A. N. S., 2d ser., ii, 49. In the liquids of the body of Enchytraeus. 1856.] 43 9. Leucophrys clavata Leidj. Journ. A. N. S., 2d ser., ii, 50 ; iii, 144. Found in the Liimbriculus limosus, and L. tenuis. 10. Leucophrys cochlearipormis Leidy. Journ. A. N. S., 2d ser., iii, 144. Found in the intestine of Lumbriculus tenuis. 11. Leucophrys socialis Leidy. Cordate, ovate, oval, pyriform, or globular, contractile, active, with one or many internal vacuoles ; striated, ciliated. Length .036 to .045 mm., breadth .03 mm. Found very frequently and abundantly within the stomach of the remarkable bryozoon Urnatella gracilis. (Pr. A. N. S., vii, 191.) 12. Nyctotherus velox Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., T, 233 ; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 2d ser., x, 244. From the large intestine of Julus marginatus. 13. Nyctotherus ovalis Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., v, 100; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 2d ser., x, 244. From the intestine of the common cockroach, Blatta orientalis. 14. Albertia? pellucidus Leidy. Anelcodiscus pellucidus Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 28*7. MYZELMINTHA. 15. ? MoNOSTOMUM iNCOMMODUM Leidy. Body compressed, above convex, below concave, sides parallel, anteriorly convex, posteriorly angularly convex. Head continuous with the body, obliquely truncated. Mouth round, surrounded with a wide circular lip which is emarginate below. Male generative aperture ? com- municating with a hemispherical cavity (acetabulum?) one fourth the length of the body from the head. Length 9 lines, breadth 1^ lines. Five specimens were obtained from the fauces of the Alligator mississipiensis, in Florida, by Prof. J. W. Bailey, of West Point. Is it probably a species of Distomum, with the ventral acetabulum emersed within the body ? 16. MoNOSTOMUM ORNATUM Leidy. Body slightly compressed ovoidal, anteriorly broad ; yellow variegated with brownish red. Mouth infero-terminal, acetabuli- form, transversely oval. Penis conical, protruding a short distance below the mouth. Female aperture a short distance below the penis. Length 1 to 1 J lines, breadth J to | of a line, thickness ^- to | a line. A dozen specimens were obtained from the abdominal cavity of Ranapipiens. 17. MoNOSTOMUM renicapite Leidy. Body depressed, lateral margins parallel, an- teriorly and posteriorly rounded, above convex, below concave. Head formed by a transverse, reniform callosity. Mouth transversely crescentic, surrounded with a double lip. Penis a small conical tubercle. Length from ^ an inch to 1 inch, breadth \i lines. Numerous specimens were obtained by Prof. Agassiz from the intestine of Sphargus coriacea. 18. ? MoNOSTOMUM MOLLE Leidy. Body depressed, elongated elliptical, posteriorly convex. Head ? mouth ? Length 9 lines, breadth 2 lines. I have found two specimens, of what I suspect to be a species of Monostomum in the lungs of two individuals of Siernotherus odoratus The species is so soft that in the removal of the specimens I mutilated both, and since then I have been unable to find others. 19. DiSTOMUM lanceolatum Mehlis. Reported to exist in the sheep, Capra aries ; the ox. Bos taurus ; and the hog, Sus scrofa. Stated to be frequent in the sheep, in several of the Western States. 20. DiSTOMUM HEPATICUM. In the hepatic ducts of the Cervus virginianus. Though I have never seen 44 [February, specimens from the source given, yet I think there is little doubt of its existence, from the circumstance that sportsmen and hunters have frequently informed me, they had seen leeches in the liver of the deer, which they supposed the animal had swallowed in drinking. Also reported to exist in the ox, Bos taurus, and in the horse, Equus caballus. 21. DiSTOMUM VARiABiLE Lcidy. Var. a. Body white, variegated with black in the course of the oviduct, clavate, posteriorly obtuse, minutely echinated. Neck long, narrow, cylindrical, echinated. Oral and ventral acetabula nearly equal ; the latter one prominent, situated at the base of the neck. Length to 6 lines ; breadth of body J a line. Var. b. Body flattened ovate, continuous with the head, anteriorly narrowed, posteriorly obtuse, color and echination as in the preceding variety. Length 2^ lines, breadth 2 lines. Variety a is found attached to the sides of the cavity of the lungs of Tro- pidonotus sipedon, singly or in groups up to six, with the head and neck buried in tumors, as in the case of the attachment of Echinorhynchi. Variety b is found detached in the mucus of the lungs and trachea. Common ; — obtained in De- cember, when the water snakes were hybernating. 22. DiSTOMUM HORRiDUM Leidy. Distoma horridum Leidy, Journ. A. N. S., 2d ser., i, 303. From the excretory duct of the kidneys of the Boa constrictor. 23. DiSTOMUM VARIEGATUM Rud. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 207. From the lungs of Rana pipiens. 24. DiSTOMUM RETUSUM Dug. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 207. From the intestine of Rana halecina. 25. DiSTOMUM CYGNOiDES Zcdcr. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 207. From the urinary bladder of Rana pipiens, R. palustris, R. halecina; Salaman- dra maculata, S. rubra, S. salmonea. 26. DiSTOMUM LONGUM Lcidy. Pr. A. N. S., V, 206. From the mouth of Esoz estor. 21. DiSTOMUM TERRETICOLLE Rud. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 206. From the stomach of Esox reticulatus. 28. DiSTOMUM iNCiviLE Leidy. Body flat, elongated elliptical ; echinated be- tween the oral and ventral acetabula, which are equal, and the latter one is hemispherical and sessile. Length 2 J to 3 lines, breadth 3-5ths to 4-5ths of a line. Obtained from the intestine of Leiostomus oUiquus. 29. DiSTOMUM CLAVATUM ? Rud. Body pyriform, transversely annulated, pli- cated. Neck curved conical, 3 lines long. Ventral acetabulum oblique, pro- minent, at the base of the neck, 3 lines in diameter, with a circular aperture much larger than the mouth. Length 1 inch, breadth 4 lines. One specimen in the collection of the Academy. Locality unknown. 30. DiSTOMUM VAGANS Leidy. Distoma hdicis Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., iii, 220. Distornum pericardium Creplin, Arch. f. Naturg. xv, 78. Distoma wigans Leidy, Journ. A. N. S., 2d ser., i, 304. Cercariaeum helicis alternatce Diesing, Rev. d. Cere. 24. Cercariacum vagans Diesing,'Rev. d. Cere. 24. Found in Ueliz alternata and in H. albolabris. 1856.] 45 CLINOSTOMUM Leidy. Head shorter than, and separated from the body by a lateral constriction op- posite the ventral acetabulum, compressed semi-oval. Body compressed oval. Mouth anterior. Ventral acetabulum, large, hemispherical, immersed within the commencement of the body, and having a truncated conical aperture with the apex posterior. A terminal pore to the body. 31. Clinostomum gracile Leidy. Head semi-ovoid, anteriorly obliquely trun- cated. Mouth transversely oval, with a prominent margin and a second border, which is slightly emarginate below. Body compressed oblong, oval, convex above, concave below, obtuse posteriorly, acetabulum larger, immersed between the head and body. Length to 3 lines, breadth to 1 line. Found in the intestine of Esox - , and within cysts in the gills, fins, and muscles of Pomotis vulgaris. 32. CiiiNOSTOMUM DUBiuM Leidy. Head compressed oval, convex anteriorly ; mouth minute, not bordered. Body compressed oblong oval. Ventral acetabu- lum immersed between the body and head. Length 2^ lines, breadth | of a line. From the intestine of Rusticola minor. 33. HoLOSTOMUM CORNU Nitzsch. Found in the small intestine of Ardea herodias. 34. HoLOSTOMtJM NiTiDUM Lcidy. Body divided by a constriction at the an- terior third, every where echinatod. Head ovoidal ; mouth terminal, round, opening iuto a cup-shaped pharynx. Body compressed oblong oval, variegated white with yellow. Length to I} lines, breadth 2-5ths of a line. Two specimens were obtained from the small intestine of Rana pijnens. 35. DiPLODiscus SUBCLAVATUS Diesiug. Found in the intestine of Rana pipiens. 36. DiPLOSTOMUM CUTICOLA Dicsing. Head elongated elliptical, excavated in- feriorly, obtusely angular, much longer than the body. Mouth small, round, pharynx oval, gizzard oval. Generative apertures hemispherical, situated just posterior to the middle. Body ovoid, with a terminal excretory pore. Length from l-5th to ^ of a line. Contained in oval sacs about 2 a line in length. Found in great number in the liver of Pomotis vulgaris. 0*1. AspiDOGASTER coNCHicoLA Baer. Leidy, Pr. A. .IST. S., v, 224. 38. Malacobdella grossa Blain. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 209. CEPHALOCOTYLEA. 39. Cysticercus fasciolaris Rud. Common in the liver of the rat, ilus decumanus. 40. Cysticercus cellulos.« Rud. Occasionally in the muscles of the hog, Sus scrofa. 41. Cysticercus tenuicollis Rud. Occasionally in the liver of the hog, Sus scrofa, and in the mesentery of the sheep, Capra aries. 42. Cysticercus elonoatus Leuck. in cysts, in the peritoneum of the european domestic rabbit, Lepus cuniculus. 43. EcHiNOCOOCus granulosus Rud. Echinococais polymorphus Diesing. From a cyst, of about three inches in diameter, lietween the muscles on the right side of the abdomen, in an English sailor boy ; and also in two large 46 [February, cysts in the liver of a Frenchmau. I have never met with this parasite in the Anglo-American. In three large cysts in the liver of a large species of monkey (species unknown) ; the specimen being preserved in the collection of the Uni- versity. 44. COENURUS CEREBRALIS Rud. In the sheep, Capra aries. 45. T^NiA SOLIUM Lin. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., ix, 443. 46. T^NiA LATiCEPHALA Leidy. Ibidem. 47. TAENIA SERRATA GOCZC. Ibidem. 48. T^NIA OUCUMERINA Bloch. Ibidem. 49. T^NiA EiiLiPTiCA Batsch. Ibidem. 50. T^NIA CRASSICOLLIS Rud. Ibidem. 51. TAENIA P0SILLA Goeze. Ibidem. 52. T^NiA PECTiNATA Gocze. Ibidem. 53. T^NiA BACiLLARis ? Goeze. Ibidem. 54. Ta:nia pestifera Leidy. Ibidem. 55. T.BNiA Strigis ACADica;. Ibidem, 444. 56. TAENIA VARIABILIS ? Rud. Ibidem. 57. T^NiA DISPAR Goeze. Taenia pulchdla Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 241. Txnia dispar Goeze. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., ix, 444. 58. T^NiA LACTEA Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., ix, 444. 59. TiENiA GiBBOSA Leidy. Ibidem. GO. DlBOTHRIUM PCNCTATUM Rud. Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., ix, 444. 61. Sparganum beptans Diesing. Ligula reptans Diesing, Syst. Helm, i, 581. Ligula tritonis Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 96. Sparyanum affi^ne Diesing, Verth. d. Cephalocot. 20. 62. DiBOTHRiORHYNCHUS ABDiTus Leidy. Head continuous with the neck, apex convex and emarginate. Bothria 2, lateral continuous above, oval, with the lateral margins involute. Proboscides filiform, projecting \\ lines from the head. Neck tffinia-form, widening posteriorly. Body constricted from the neck, nar- rower and longer, taiuia-form, narrowing posteriorly and ending in au obtusely angular extremity. Length of head and neck 6 lines, breadth posteriorly 1 line ; length of body 7 lines, breadth 3-5ths of a line. 1856.] 47 Four speciraeas were found in a large cream-colored liver, which had beeu left upon a stall in our fish market. I could not ascertain the species of fish from which it had been obtained, but I suspect it to be the halibut, Ilippoglossas vulgaris. Each worm was closely coiled up at the bottom of a long clavate sac, which was composed of three distinct membranes. The first membrane adhered to the structure of the liver in which it was imbedded, beneath the peritoneum. The second membrane was transparent, crisp, and shining. The third one was milk-white, soft, and contractile ; and it presented a delicate, tortuous, white opaque line extending the length on each side. After opening the third mem- brane, beneath water, the worm gradually crept out of its own accord. 63. Phntastomum subcylindricum Diesing. Pentastomum. Didelpkidis virginianw Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 9G. In cysts of the liver of the opossum, Didelphis virginiana. 64. Pentastomum euryzonum Diesing. In the liver of Cynocephalus porcarius. 65. Pextastomum proboscideum Rud. In the lungs of the Boa constrictor. 66. Pextastomum gracile Diesing. Body sub-clavate, incurved, most nar- rowed anteriorly, annular, not plicated, with the margins of the annuli mici-os- copically denticulated. Head obtuse, bothria subterminal, elevated, each with two hooks, of which the upper one is the smaller. Mouth elevated, conical, in the focus of the semicircle formed by the bothria. Length from 3 to 4 lines, breadth J of a line. Eleven specimens were obtained by Jos. Jones from the stomach of the .4/- ligator mississipiensi-s. RHYNGODEA. 67. Greoarina Juli marginati. G-regarina larvala Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., iv, 232. Gregarina Juli marginati. Leidy, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 2a , x, 237. 63. Gregarina Juli pusili. Leidy, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 2a ser., .v, 23R. 69. Gregarina Polydesmi virginiensis. Ibidem. 70. Gregarina Passali corn tin. Ibidem. 71. Gregarina Achbt^ abbreviat.*;. Ibidem. 72. Gregarina Locust.e carolin.e. Ibidem, 239. 73. Gregarina blattarum Siebold. Gregarina Blattce orientalis. Leidy, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 2d ser., x, 239. 74. Gregarina Scarabei reucti. Gregarina. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 208. Gregarina Scarabei relicti. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 287. 75. Gregarina Melalonth.e brunne^. Body oblong oval ; head oblate spheroidal, slightly elevated at the summit. Single and in pairs. Length of body .405 mm, breadth .252 mm; length of head .108 mm, breadth .144 mm. Found in the intestine of Melalontha brunnca. 76. Gregarina Nereidis dbnticulat.^. Leidy, Journ. A. N. S., 2d ser., iii, 144. 48 [Fkbruary. 11. ECHINORHYNCHUS OVATUS Lcidj. Pr. A. N. S., T, 9*7, (1850.) Echi/norhifnchiis campanulalus Diesing, Syst. Helm, ii, 21, (1851.) From the small intestine of Felis leopardus. 78. ECHINORHYNCHUS GIGAS GoeZC. Small intestine of the hog, Sus scrofa. 79. ECHINORHYNCHUS MICROCEPHALUS Rud. Echinorhynchus tortuosus Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 97. Found in the mesentery of Didelphis virginiana. 80. EcHiNounYNCHUs STRiATUS Goezc. Body cylindro-clavate, anteriorly minutely echinated. Proboscis obovate, with 12 to 15 circles of hooks. Neck short, conical, unarmed. Length to 10 lines ; breadth anteriorly L} lines. Color, orange. Several specimens were obtained by Jos. Jones from the intestine of Tantalus loculator. 81. ECHINORHYNCHUS MANIFESTUS Lcidy. Echinorhynchus Pici collaris. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 98. Body slightly com- pressed cylindroid, most dilated anteriorly, obtuse posteriorly, transversely corrugated. Proboscis subpyriform, with the rounded apex armed with 3 or 4 rows of hooks. Neck a simple linear constriction. Length 8 lines to an inch. Several specimens were found in the intestine of Picus collaris. 82. ECHINORHYNCHUS HAMULATUS Leidy. Echinorhynchus emydis. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 207. Body long, white, sub-cla- vate, curved. Proboscis sub-globular, with a single row of strong hooks and a few rudimental booklets. Length 2 to 14 lines, breadth to ^ of a line. Frequent in the intestine of Emys geograjMca, E. insculpta, E. guttata, and E. ^errata. From several individuals of the latter species, Mr. Joseph Jones ob- tained more than a hundred specimens. 83. Echinorhynchus acus Rud. Intestine of Morrhua americana. 84. Echinorhynchus proteus Westrumb. Pr. A. N. S., V, 208. Intestine of Labrax lineatus. 85. Echinorhynchus globulosus? Rud. Echinorhynchus lateralis Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 207. Body sub-fusiform, most narrowed posteriorly. Proboscis cylindrical, projecting laterally, furnished with 12 to 14 rows of hooks. Neck very short. Length to 1 inch, breadth to two- fifths of a line. Intestine of Salmo fontinalis ; obtained by Prof. Baird and Prof. Agassiz. 86. Echinorhynchus angustatus? Rud. Echinorhi/nchus socialis Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 156. Body cylindroid, narrow- ing posteriorly, frequently dilated anteriorly. Proboscis cylindrical, with 26 rows of hooks. Neck very short, conical, unarmed. Length from 6 lines to 21 inches, breadth to f of a line. Frequent in the intestine of Platessa plana. NEMATOIDEA. 87. Trichina spiralis Owen. Occasional in the Anglo-american. 88. Trichina afkinis Diesing. Trichina spiralis Owen. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., iii, 108. Observed in the muscles of the hog, Sus scrofa. 89. Anguillula aceti Ehrenberg. 1856.] 49 Common in ordinary cider vinegar. 90. Anguillula glutinis Ehrenberg. Common in paste of wheat, rye, tragacanth, &c. 91. Anguillula socialis Leidy. Oxyuris socialis Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 102. Found in the intestine of the black cricket, Acheta abbreviaia. 92. Anguillula longa Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., V, 225. Found in ditches near Philadelphia^ 93. Anguillula fossularis Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., V, 226. Found in stagnant ponds near Philadelphia. 94. Amblyura sbrpentulus ? Hemp, et Ehrenb. Anguillula longicauda Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 225. Mouth with cirri {error in the previous observation and description). Tail long, subulate ; suctorial disk ex- ceedingly minute, clavate. Length to one-fortieth of an inch. Common about gutters and water spouts in Philadelphia. 95. Hystrignathus rigidus Leidy. Pr. A. N, S., V, 102 ; Flora and Fauna within Liv. An. 4-1. PONTONEMA Leidy. Body capillary, narrowing towards the extremities. Head continuous with the body, truncated, or obtuse and surmounted with angular papilla?, cirrated. Eyes none. Tail obtuse. Generative aperture ventral, near the middle of the body. (Esophagus long, cylindro-clavate ; gizzard none, intestine straight, capacious ; anus ventral and posterior. 96. PoNTONEMA VACILLATUM Lcidy. Jour. A. N. S., 2d ser. iii, 144. Body cylindroid, anteriorly with longitudinal rows of short cirri in addition to those of the head ; posteriorly incurved ; tail short, thick, conical, obtuse. Length to 9 lines, breadth to one-fifth of a line. Found on the sea shore of Rhode Island, beneath stones, between tides. 97. PoNTONEMA MARINUM Lcidy. Jour. A. N, S., 2d ser., iii, 144. Body cylindroid ; head convex ; mouth surrounded with angular papillaj. Cirri 4, at the side of the head. Tail long, narrow, coni- cal, obtuse. Length to 3 lines. Found at the bottom of a sound on the coast of New Jersey. POTAMONEMA Leidy. Body filiform, narrowing towards the extremities. Head continuous with the body, slightly dilated, obtuse. Mouth large, infundibuliform, unarmed; oeso- phagus narrow, flexuous, membranous, gradually expanding into a capacious, straight, cylindrical intestine ; anus none ? or exceedingly indistinct. Caudal ex- tremity obtuse. Generative aperture of the female near the middle of the body. 98. PoTAMONEMA NiTiDUM Lcidy. Body cylindroid, most narrowed anteriorly. Head without appendages. Caudal extremity broad, obtusely conical. Length 5 lines, breadth one-fifth of a line. An active, wriggling, glistening white worm, found among beds of Valisneria americana, growing in the river Schuylkill, near Philadelphia. NEMA Leidy. Body ascaridiform. Head without appendages. Mouth unarmed, large, in- fundibuliform, oesophagus tubular, membranous, expanding into a simple straight intestine ; anus ventral. Tail conical, acute, recurved. Generative aperture near the middle of the body. 50 [FebruarYj, 99. Nema vacilans Leidy. Body white, glistening. Length Ij millemetreSj. breadth .050 mm. Tail .115 mm. long. An active wriggling worm, found about some dead specimens of a black Phry- ganea^ which was infested with a fungus parasite, and attached to stones at the water's edge of a small brook near Philadelphia. 100. Stbeptostomdm agile Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., iVy 230 ; v, 285 ; Flora and Fauna within Liv. An. 45. Aorurus Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., iv, 230 ; t, 284. 101. Streptostomum gracilb Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., It, 100 ; v, 285 ; Flora and Fauna, 46, In parte Oxyuris Diesingii Hammerschmidt, Isis, 354, (1848). In parte Oxyuris Blattce orientalis Hammerschmidt, Naturw. Ab. v. Haid., i., 284, la parte Anguillula macrura Diesing, Syst. Helm, ii, 134. 102. Thelastomum attenuatdm Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., iv.^ 231 ; v, 285 ; Flora and Fauna, within Liv. An. 46, Aorurus Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., iv, 230 ; v, 284. 103. Thelastomum appendiculatum Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., V, 101 ; ib. 285 ; Flora and Fauna, 4'?. In parte Oxyuris Blattce orientalis Hammerschmidt, Naturw. Ab. v. Haid,, i., 284, la parte Anguillula macrura Diesiag, Syst. Helm, ii, 134. 104. Thelastompm labiatum Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., T, 101 ; ib. 285 ; Flora and Fauna, 47. 105. Thelastomum kobustum Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., T, 101 ; ib. 285 ; Flora aud Fauna, 48. Thelastomum brevicaudatum? Leidy, Pr, A. N. S., v, 208 ; ibidem. 106. Thelastomum venustum Leidy. Body of female fusiform, straight, with the tail loag, narrow, conical, straight, acute. Body of male iacurved, with the tail short, depressed, ending in a recurved subulate point, and having a pair of oblong lobes or alae, extending the length ventrally. Generative and anal apertures terminating together abruptly. Penis a curved, conical, acute spicu- lum. Length of female to 2 ^ lines, breadth to one-fifth of a line ; length of male to 1 line, breadth ^ of a line. Found in great number within the large intestine of Testudo polyphemus. Ob- tained by Mr. Joseph Jones in Georgia. It is a singular fact, that this species is infested with vegetable parasites, as ia the case of those fouad ia myriapods and iasects. lOT. ASCARIS VERMIC0LARIS Liu. This species is the most common of all the parasitic worms, in the anglo-ameri- can. 108. ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES Lin. This species is the second of the most commoa of parasitic worms ia the anglo- araericaa. Ia the University museum, there is a preparation of the liver of a boy, in which a number of individuals of this worm have forced themselves into the divisions of the hepatic duct. Frequent also ia the small iatestiaes of the hog, Sus scrofa. 109. ASCARIS LEPTOPTERA Rud. Ascaris Felis discoloris Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 155. Fouad ia the small intestiae of the panther, Felis concolor. 110. Ascaris mystax Rud. Commoa ia the domestic cat, Felis catus. 111. AaCARIS MARGINATA Rud. Frequeat iu the dog, Cants familiarit. 1«56.] 51 112. AscAEis coMTMNARis Leidy. Ascaris alienata Rud. Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 205. Body very uniformly cylin- drical until within a short distance of the extremities. Head naked ; lips promi- nent. Tail short, conical, obtuse, in the male incurved. Length of female 4 inches, breadth 1^ lines ; length of male 2 inches, breadth ^ a line. Two specimens, male and female, were found in the intestine of Mephitis chinga^ 113. Ascaris L^\^s Leidy. Body cylindrical, narrowing at the extremities. Head naked ; lips prominent. Tail conical, mucronate. Length of female SJ inches, breadth 1^ lines. Male not seen. A single specimen was obtained by Mr. Packard, from the intestine of Arcto- mys monax, 114. Ascaris tentaculata Rud. Found in the intestine of Didelphis virginiancL 115. Ascaris vesicularis Frolich. Common in the coecum of the turkey Meleagris gallopavo^ ajid of the fowl, Phasianus gallus. '116. Ascaris tnfiexa Rud. Common in the small intestine of the fowl, Phasianus gallue. 117. Ascaris serpentulus Rud. One female, 1 J inches long, was obtained by Mr. Schafhirt from the intestine of Ardea molacea. 118. Ascaris longa Leidy. Body most narrowed anteriorly, and only slightly so at the posterior fourth. Head naked, subacute ; lips slightly prominent. Tail obtusely rounded, with the anus forming a transverse, subcrescentic iissure nearly at its extremity. Length of the female 9 inches, breadth 1^- lines. Male not seen, A single specimen was obtained by Mr. Joseph Jones, from the intestine of Tantalus loculator, in Georgia. 119. Ascaris tenuicolms Rud, Frequent in the stomach and intestine of the Alligator mississipiensis. 120. Ascaris anoura Dujardin. Eight specimens were obtained from the intestine of Coluber constrictor. The females measure up to 6 inches in length by 1 line in breadth ; the males 3J inches in length by f of a line in breadth. Six specimens, apparently of this species were sent to me by Prof. Agassiz, They were obtained with nearly a pint of others, from the intestine of tbe Boa constrictor. I do not feel positive that they are really of the same species, as the specimens are too badly pre- served to ascertain the fact correctly ; but the size and details of form agree pretty closely. 121. Ascaris nuda Leidy. Body most narrowed anteriorly. Head naked, with the epidermis closely adherent ; lips large, oblong. Tail short, incurved, conical, minutely mucronate. Length of female 2 to 2J inches, breadth ;| to J a line. Male not seen. Two females were obtained from the intestine of Crotalus adamanteus^ by Mr. ■Schafhirt. Is this probably the same as the last species ? 122. Ascaris humilis Leidy. Body cylindroid, recurved, white. Head ob- tuse, naked ^ mouth trilobed ? pharyngeal apparatus none ; oesophagus pestle- form. Tail substraight, conical, acTite. Length 2 lines, breadth one-tenth of a line. ^ Eight specimens were dbtained from the lungs of Tropidonotus sirtalis, in De- cember. 123. Ascaris entomelas Leidy. Proc. A. N. S., V, 206. From, the lungs of Eana haleaina. 52 [February, 124. AscARis ACUTA Muller. A single male, 14 lines long and J of a line broad, was obtained from the in- testine of Platessa plana. 125. AscARis NE6LECTA Leidj. Body cylindro-fusiform, most narrowed an- teriorly. Head naked ; lips large, obtuse. Tail short, conical, acute. Length of female 2 inches, breadtli three-fifths of a line ; male abont half the size. Twelve specimens were obtained by Prof. Baird, from the intestine of Diodon maculo-striatus. 126. AscARis CLATATA Rud. Head with a linear ridge On cach sidc. Tail short, conical, incurved, mucronate ; in the female with a linear ridge extending for- ward on each side. Length of female to 3^ inches, breadth f of a line ; length of male to 2 inches, breadth to J a line. Numerous specimens were obtained by Prof. Agassiz from the intestine of Morrhua pruinosa, and I have obtained others from the intestine of Morrhua americana. 12*7. AscARis CYLiNDRicA Leidy. Angiostomum ? cylindricum Diesing, Syst. Helm, ii, 559. Ascaris crflindrica Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., iv, 229. Body cylindroid, equally at- tenuated towards the extremities, curved. Mouth distinctly trilabiate. Tail narrow, conical, curved, acute. Female generative aperture just jiosterior to the middle. Length four-fifths of a line, breadth one-twelfth of a line. Found in the intestine of Helix alternata. No cartilaginous pharynx as in Angiostovmm I 128. Ascaris infecta Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., iv, 229 ; Faun, and Flora within Liv. An. 42. Found in the ventriculus of Julus marginatus. 129. Stnplecta pendula Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., V, 240. From the stomach of Emys guttata. 130. OxYiTRis coMPAR Leidy. Body fusiform ; head continuous with the body, subacute, with a dilatation of the epidermis ; mouth small. Tail of female long, subulate, spirally contorted ; the generative aperture one-fifth the length of the body from the head. Length of female 4 to 7 lines, breadth J of a line ; length of tail from the anus 1^ lines. Seventeen specimens were found in company with others of Tcenia crasskollis in the small intestine of the cat, Felis catus. QEsophagus long, pestle-form ; gizzard globulo-pyriform ; intestine dilated at the commencement, afterwards cylindrical. Males were not seen. 131. OXYURIS CCRVULA Rud. Litestine of the horse, Equus cahallus. 132. ? OxYURis DUBiA Leidy. Body fusiform, curved. Head continnons with the body, naked. Mouth unarmed. Female generative aperture about the middle of the body. Tail abruptly narrowed, acutely conical. Length of female li lines, breadth |^ of a line. Male not seen. Found in the coecum oi Bufo americanus, and of Salamandra rubra. SPIRONOURA Leidy. Body cylindroid, attenuated at the extremities. Head continuous with the body. Mouth round, surrounded by a circular papillated lip. Caudal extremity of male spiral, acute, tuberculate, with the two spicula of the penis curved, ensi- form, costate ; of the female conical, acute, with the generative aperture at the posterior third of the body. 133. Spiroxoura gracile Leidy. Body of female incurved ; that of male spiral posteriorly. Head naked ; mouth with a circular lip of 6 papillae. Tail of female long, calcarate, acute : of male, with two rows each of three tubercles. Spicula 1856.] ^B ecimen was obtained by Mr. Schaf hirt from the intestine of Ficus colaris. 155. Agamonema capsularia? Diesing. Body slender, most narrowed an- teriorly. Mouth small, circular, surrounded by an undivided lip. Tail short, obtusely conical, minutely mucronate. Length 5 to 10 lines, breadth from \ to \ of a line. Found free in the intestine of Centropristes nigricans, Clupea elongata , and Alosa sapidksima. Also free in the intestine and pancreatic coeca of Morrhua ameri- cana ; and larger specimens : 1 inch in length and ^ of a line in breadth, coiled up within sacs of the peritoneum in the same fish. 156. Agamonema papilligerum? Diesing. Body cylindrical, most narrowed anteriorly, posteriorly obtusely conical. Mouth surrounded by four papillaj ; anus terminal. Length to 4i inches, breadth two-fifths of a line. One specimen was obtained from the abdominal cavity of -Eaoz 157. FiLARiA MEDiNENSis Gmelin. Filaria hominis oris? Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 117. A specimen is preserved in the collection of the Academy, and was recently brought from Western Africa, by Dr. J. L. Burtt, U. S. N., who obtained it from the leg of a white soldier. 158. Filaria papillosa Rud. Intestine of the ox, Bos taurus. 159. Filaria immitis Leidy. Filaria Canis cordis Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 118. Body cylindrical, obtusely rounded at the extremities. Mouth small, round, unarmed. Caudal extremity of male spiral, with a row of five tubercles and a narrow ala upon each side. Penis protruding a short distance above the anus. Length of female to 10 inches, breadth to 5 a line ; length of male to 5 inches, breadth ^ of a line. Mr. Joseph Jones recently presented to me two specimens of the heart of the dog, in the right ventricle of one of which there were five of the Filarice ]\xsi de- scribed. In the other specimen, the right auricle and ventricle, and the pulmo- nary artery in its ramifications through the lungs are literally stuffed with Filarial. A portion of the blood of this dog, given to me by Mr. Jones, contains a great number of the young of the Filaria. In relation to the symptoms which accompanied the presence of these worms in the heart while the dogs were living, Mr. Jones has furnished the following notes : The heart containing the five worms, was taken from a male pointer dog, whose appetite was voracious and insatiable, and notwithstanding he was abundantly supplied with food, he remained in a very lean condition. The heart and lungs containing great numbers of worms was from a cur dog, who was always so thin as to resemble a skeleton ; and it was impossible to benefit his condition with the most liberal supply of food. Both dogs were of an exceeding- ly restless disposition. They did not die in consequence of the presence of the Filarice, but were killed in the course of some physiological experiments. 160. ? Filaria dubia Leidy. Bodj^ cylindroid, narrowed towards the extremi- ties, rolled in a transverse spiral. Head continuous with the body, naked. Mouth minutely papillated. Tail acute. Length 9 lines, breadth ^ of a line. Nine specimens were contained within two globular sacs of the gastric mucous membrane of the Albatross, Diomedea exulans, the preparation having been ob- tained in the South Atlantic, by Dr. W. S. W. Ruschenberger, U. S. N. The sacs also contained each a brown globular body about 3J lines in diameter, divided by lines into quarters, intersected by transverse corrugations. At one pole of these enigmatic bodies was an elliptical aperture, and at the opposite pole a small conical tail-like appendage. C>ne of the bodies being cut open, ex- 56 [February, hibited no regularity of structure. The Filarice were situated between the globular bodies and the walls of the sacs containing them. 161. FiLARiA ATTENUATA? Rud. Body Cylindrical, conical at the extremities. Head convex ; mouth round, unarmed. Caudal extremity of male incurved. Tail short, obtusely conical. Length of female 4 inches, breadth J of a line ; length of male 2 inches, breadth one-fifth of a line. Five specimens were obtained by Prof. Baird from the abdominal cavity of Sturnella ludoviciana. Two female Filarice having the same form as the above, 5 inches in length and i a line in breadth, were obtained by Prof. Baird from the adominal cavity of Colaptes auratus. 162. FiLARiA BiSPiNOSA Dicsing. Filarice Boce constrictoris Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 118. Found beneath the skin of the Boa constrictor. 163. FiLAKiA ciSTUDiNis. Body capillary, spirally involute, attenuated at the extremities. Head and tail obtusely rounded. Mouth unarmed. Anus termi- nal. Length li inches, breadth ^ of a line. One specimen was obtained by Mr. Schaf hirt from the heart of Cistudo Carolina. 164. FiLARiA AMPHiuMiE. Body cylindroid, attenuated towards the extremi- ties, spirally coiled, anteriorly truncate, posteriorly acute. Length 6 lines, breadth one-fifth of a line. Numerous specimens were found coiled up in the parietes of the stomach of Amphiuma raeans, the individual of which had been so long preserved in alcohol, that the characters of the worms could be partially determined only. 165. FiLARiA NiTiDA Leidy. Body filiform. Mouth large, round, unarmed ; oesophagus one-fourth the length of the body ; intestine straight, capacious, with a short narrow rectum ; anus terminal with a short tubular prolongation. Tail sub-distinct, conical. Color red. Length to 5 lines, breadth one-twelfth of a line. Found coiled up in oval cysts in the peritoneum and abdominal muscles of the Kami pipiens. 166. FiLARiA SOLITARIA Leidy. Mouth transverse, sub-elliptical, papillated. Caudal extremity obtusely rounded. Anus terminal. Length to 2 inches, breadth ^ of a line. Coiled up in cysts between the tunics of the stomach and intestines of Fmys strrata and Chelonura serpentina. Obtained by Mr. Joseph Jones, in Georgia. 167. FiLARiA RUBRA Lcidy. Capillary, anteriorly truncated, posteriorly ob- tusely conical, dark brownish red in color. Mouth transverse, slightly bilabiate ; lips papillated. Anus terminal, transverse, crescentic. Length to 4i inches, breadth \ of a line. Frequently found in considerable number in the peritoneal cavity of Labrax lineatus, during the winter. 168. FiLARiA QUADRiTUBERCULATA Leidy. Body capillary, red in color, ante- riorly conical, unarmed ; mouth circular, with an elevated, non-papillated, circular lip. Caudal extremity incurved, conical, ending in a minute conical papilla, and having on each side a pair of minute tubercles. Length 4 inches, breadth J of a line. A single specimen was found by Mr. Schaf hirt in the muscles of the back of Anguilla vulgaris. 169. GoRDius VARius Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., V, 262, (1851). Gordius aquaticus of American authors. Gordius tricuspidatus ? Siebold, Zeits. f. Wiss. Zool. vii, 143 (1855). Body long, linear, cylindrical, attenuated towards the extremities ; narrowest ante- riorly ; passing through a variety of shades from a dusky yellowish white or 1856.] 57 cream color, to a dusky ochreous yellow, yellowish brown, reddish brown, light chocolate to dark chocolate brown, or to ebony black ; lustrous, often iridescent in sunlight. Head surrounded by a dark brown or black ring, ob- liquely truncated and terminated by a convex, translucent, whitish vesicular mem- brane, at the lower part of which is a minute round mouth. Integument areo- lated ; areolas irregularly pentahedral. Female. — Lighter in color than the male, and usually much longer and thicker. Caudal extremity trifurcate ; caudal lobes elongated, elliptical ; one narrower than the other two. Generative aperture round, enclosed by the caudal lobes. Male. — Usually dark-brown, often inclining to black. Caudal extremity curved. Tail bifurcate ; caudal lobes curved conoidal, obtuse, divergent. Generative aperture ventral, just above the caudal lobes. Twenty females and twelve males were found in Rancocas creek, a branch of the Delaware, New Jersey, in the month of August. Length of the former 5 to 12 inches; breadth -^ to 2-5ths of aline. Length of the latter from 4 to 6J inches; breadth l-5th to J of a line. Three females from 7 to 12 inches in length, and from \ to 2-5ths of a line in breadth ; and one male 6i inches in length and } of a line in breadth, Avere obtained from the Delaware river. Six females and two males were obtained from the Schuylkill river. Mr. Pearsall has given me eight specimens from Philadelphia Co. Prof. Agassiz has given me a female 12 inches in length, from Niagara ; a male 6 inches in length and a female 8 inches in length from the vicinity of Cambridge ; two females 6 inches in length from Edgartown ; aud a male 3 inches in length, and 2 females 4 inches and 9 inches in length from Trenton. Dr. King, of Greensburg, Penn., has given me a male 5 inches in length, from his vicinity. Mr. Hazzard, of Point Judith, R. I., has given me a female 10 inches in length by 2-5ths of a line in breadth, from his vicinity. Prof. Kirtland has given me a male 5 inches in length, said to have been passed per annum by a girl, near Cleveland, Ohio. Prof. Baird has given me three males from the Susquehanna river, near Carlisle, Pa., and a male and female from Lake Champlain, N. Y. The Gordius varius is the most common species of the genus in the United States ; and it is familiar to most persons under the name of hair-worm, and is erroneously supposed to originate from the maceration of horse hairs in water. The species is remarkably prolific. A single female, 9 inches in length, by 2-5ths of a line in breadth, which I had preserved in a large vessel of water, extruded from between its caudal lobes, a cord of ova, broken into segments, the aggregate length of which was 91 inches, and breadth l-20th of a line. I counted in each transverse disk of the cord, about 70 eggs, and in the length of l-40th of an inch, 26 eggs, so that by simple calculation: 70X26X40X91= the whole number of eggs deposited is 6,624,800. 170. Gordius aquaticus ? Gmelin. Gordius seta Miiller, Diesing, Syst. Helm, ii, 83. Gordius lineatus Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 263, (1851). Gordius rohustus? Leidy, Ibidem, 275. Body long, filiform, not narrowed an- teriorly, dusky yellowish white, cream colored, white, light brown, or dark brown in color, sometimes darker at the extremities, lustrous. Areolae of the integument hexagonal. Female. — More robust than the male, opaque, and lighter colored. Head ob- tusely rounded. Caudal extremity truncated, rounded. Male. — Narrower than the female. Head obtusely rounded. Caudal extremi- ty incurved, bifurcated ; caudal lobes curved conoidal, obtuse, fimbriated upon the ventral border with simple branching dermal appendages. Six males from 5 to 7J inches in length, and ^ of a line in breadth ; and one female 5 inches in length, by ^ of a line in breadth ; of a dusky yellowish white color, were obtained by Prof. Baird from a spring in Essex Co., New York, {Gordius lineatus., Pr. A. N. S., v, 263). One female, of a light brown color, with the head ringed with black, 3i inches long by l-5th of a line broad, procured by Dr. W. S. Gibson, from a spring in Philadelphia county. A female of a cream-color, with the head ringed with dark brown, 4i inches long by l-5th of 58 [February, a line broad, I found in Frederick Brook, at the head of the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. A female {G. robtistus, Pr. A. N. S., v, 275), hardly narrowed at the extremities, brown, rigid, with the head edged with dark brown, and the tail slightly expanded, conical and obtuse, 6J inches long, and \ a line wide, was obtained by Dr. Chas. H. Budd, from a boy, who informed him it had crept out of the abdomen of the specimen of grasshopper which accompanied the worm. A male and female were obtained by Mr. Schafhirt, from a single specimen of Pterostichus fastidites Dejean. The length of each is about 3 inches ; the breadth of the male \ of a line, of the female ^ of a line. 171. Mermis albicans Siebold. Mermis elo7igata Leidy, Pr. A. N. S., v, 263. Mermis crassicaudata Leidy, Ibidem. Mermis ferruginea Leidy, lb. Body long, capillary, narrowed towards the ex- tremities, most narrowed anteriorly. Head slightly dilated or not at all, trun- cated, convex. Caudal extremity slightly curved, conoidal, obtuse. Color milk white when the worm is parasitic, or is buried in the earth ; cream or yellow- ish white, or light ochreous yellow, or light reddish brown when it lives in water. In alcohol becomes translucent yellow, bright yellow, approaching to orange, or brown. Eleven individuals (^Mermis elongata Pr. A. N. S., v, 263,) of a dusky yellowish white, and from 6 to 18 inches long, by ^ to J of a line broad, were obtained by Dr. Chas. H. Budd, in the early spring season, in a ditch emptying into the Rancocas creek. New Jersey. Six specimens, opaque white in color, from 8 to 15 inches in length, were obtained by Samuel Powell, Esq., in digging in the earth mould of his garden at Newport, R. I. One specimen, of a cream color, 22 inches long and |^ of a line broad, was obtained by Dr. William Gibson, from a rivulet in Philadelphia county. I found four specimens of a brownish white, from 9 to 16 inches long and from ^ to ^ of a line broad, in pools of fresh water, among the rocks of the sea shore of Point Judith, R. I. One specimen {Mermis crassicaudata Pr. A. N. S., v, 263,) opaque white, and 8 inches long, I found in a ditch below Philadelphia. A specimen (Mermis ferruginea Pr. A. N. S., v, 275,) from Brazil, contained in the collection of the Academy, is brown in color, and measures 14^ inches long. A cream colored individual, 4 inches long and l-5thof a line broad, was obtained from an apple by Major Le Conte, who, with great pro- bability, supposed it had issued from the larva of a lepidopterous insect, in the core of the fruit. Professor Agassiz sent me a specimen translucent yellowish white in color, and 9 J inches long, and l-5th of a line wide, obtained from the abdomen of Orchelium gracile Harris. Lastly, I have obtained specimens very frequently from Locusta Carolina, of the meadows below Philadelphia, and oc- casionally from the earth and ditches in the same locality. From one to six of the worms occupy the body of a single insect, closely coiled among the viscera, from the^iead to the end of the abdomen. The worms are opaque white, and measure from 3 to 15 inches in length, and from \ to ^ of a line in breadth. When the grasshoppers infested with these parasites are bruised, the worms creep out and penetrate into the earth, as I have satisfied myself by careful ob- servation. In alcohol the Mermis of the grasshopper assumes in time a bright yellow hue. 172. Mermis robusta Leidy. Filaria Lycosce Haldeman, Icong. Encyc. ii, Zool. 48. Body cylindrical, ro- bust, rigid, smooth and shining, attenuated towards the extremities ; most narrowed anteriorly. Head conical. Caudal extremity obtuse, imperforate. I found one specimen, of a pale pinkish white, 3 inches in length, and \ of a line in breadth, which crept from the abdomen of a species of Lycosa with four stripes on the cephalothorax and three on the abdomen, from New Jersey. The specimen described by Mr. Haldeman, was pale reddish, and over five inches in length, by 2-5ths of a line in breadth, and was obtained from Lycosa scutulata? Heatz, in Pennsylvania. 1856.] 59 Notices of some-remains of extinct Mammalia, recently discovered by Dr. F. V. Hay den in the bad lands of Nebraska. ) By Joseph Leidy, M. D. 1. HiPPARION OCCIDENTALE, Lcidj. This second American species oi Hipparion is established on specimens of five superior and one inferior molar teeth, discovered by Dr. Hayden, on the White River of Nebraska. The internal isolated enamel column of the upper molars, on the worn crown, is elliptical and more than twice the length of the breadth. The central columns of the same teeth are comparatively moderately folded. Antero-posterior diameter of the first upper molar 15 lines, transverse diameter lOJ lines ; antero-posterior diameter of the largest of the back upper molars 13 lines; transverse diameter 12 lines; smallest of the back upper molars 11 lines square. Antero-posterior diameter of the back inferior molar 12 lines, trans- verse diameter Vi lines. 2. Hyopotamus americanus, Leidy. This species is founded upon a number of specimens of molar teeth, which were discovered by Dr. Hayden, in company with remains of Titanoiherium, in Nebraska Territory. The teeth indicate a species of the same size as Hyopotamus bovinus, Owen. Among the specimens are the posterior two upper molars of both sides of the jaw from the same individual ; and they present almost a repetition of form of the homologous pair of H. vectianus, Owen. The collection also con- tains two premolars in conjunction, apparently from the same individual as the true molar just mentioned. They correspond to the second and third premolars of Anthracotherium : the crown of the second premolar consisting of a single large trihedral lobe, with a tubercle at its postero-internal basal angle ; and the crown of the third premolar being formed of a transverse pair of lobes, of which the outer one is trihedral and the inner one is smaller and conical. These pre- molars undoubtedly belong to the permanent dentition, and if they are not the second and third of the series, they are certainly the latter and the fourth. In either case, they confirm an opinion formerly expressed (Anc. Fauna of Nebraska, p. 45,) that the teeth represented by Prof. Owen, as the third and fourth per- manent premolars of Hyopotamus vectianus, (Lond. Quart. Journ. of the Geol. Soc, pi. vii, vol. iv,) really belong to the deciduous dentition ; and, therefore, although Hyopotamus may not be identical with Anthracotherimn, it is much more nearly allied to it than was suspected by its distinguished author. The. measurements of some of the molar teeth of Hyopotamus americanus are as follows : Antero-posterior diameter of the superior last true molar, externally, 13J lines. Transverse do. do. do. anteriorly, 15 do. Antero-posterior diameter of the superior third premolar, 6 do. Transverse do. do. do. 8| do. Antero-posterior diameter of the superior second premolar, lOj do. Transverse do. do. do. 8| do. Mr. Vaux, on behalf of the Publication Committee, presented the Annual Report, which waa adopted. ELECTION. Mr. William P. Blake, of Washington, D. C, and B. A. Hoopes, Esq., of Eagle Harbor, Michigan, were elected Correspondents. 1S5G.] 61 March 4:(h, 1850. Vic3-President Bridges in the Chair. A letter was read from the American Antiquarian Society, dated Worcester, Muss., 29th Feb., 1856, acknowledging the receipt of vol. 7, of the Proceedings, and of the Journal, parts 1 and 2, vol. 8, n. s. Also a letter from Mr. E. Billings, of Ottowa, Upper Canada, dated 26th Feb., 1856, acknowledging receipt of a copy of the llesolutions of the Academy adopted Feb. 19th last. Dr. Leidy presented for publication two papers, entitled, " Descrip- tions of soiiie remains of Fishes from the Carboniferous and Devonian formations of tlie United States ;" and " Descriptions of some remains of Fossil Manimidia ;" both of which were referred to the following Committee : Mr. Isaac Lea, Dr. Henderson and Dr. King. March llth. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. Letters were read — From S. Drinker, Esq., dated Canton, 28th Nov., 1855, transmitting donations to the Museum. From Mr Edward Tuckerman, dated Amherst, Mass., March 1, 1856, offering for the acceptance of the Academy a collection of American plants. Dr. Leidy presented for publication in the Proceedings, a paper by Drs. F. B. Meek and F. V. Hayden, entitled, "Descriptions of new species of Gasteropoda from the Cretaceous formations of Nebraska Territory ;" which was referred to a Committee consisting of Mr. Lea, Dr. Leidy, and Dr. Wilson. Dr. Leidy read the following extract from a letter recently received by Dr. J. McClellan from Mr. George Gribbs, Indian Agent, dated Fort A^'ancouver, Oregon, December 17, 1855. "Let me point out to you one thing to be noted as regards skulls from this part of the country, Avhich was brought to my notice by an article in School- craft's book. I forget by whom. Among ten figures given are Chinook skulls vnflattened. Skulls from the region where that practice prevails, which are in the natural state, are those of slaves, and though possibly born among the Chinooks or other adjacent tribes, are of alien races. The characteristics must not be assumed therefore from these. The practice prevails, generally, from the mouth of the Columbia to the Dalles, about 180 miles, andfrom the Straits of Fuca on the North to Coos bay, between the 42d and 43d parallel south. Northward of the Straits it diminishes gradually to a mere slight compression, finally con- fined to women and abandoned entirely north of Milbank Sound. So east of the Cascade Mountains it dies out in like manner. Slaves are usually brought from the south, I should rather say were, for the foreign slave trade has ceased, though not the domestic (I am not talking of home politics), and the Klamath and Shaste tribes of California probably furnished many for this country, while captives from here were taken still north, and fro-m Puget's Sound as far as the Russian possessions. The children of slaves were not allowed to flatten the skull, and therefore these round heads indicate, not the liberty-loving Puritan of the west, but the serf. I mention this because in minute comparisons it is PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VIII., NO. II. 62 [March, proper to take all precautions to insure genuineness. Skulls taken from large cemetries, or from sepulchres of whatever form erected with care, may be deemed authentic, saving always the chance of intermarriage with distinct tribes, which is usual, because the bodies of slaves are left neglected in the woods. The Chinooks, for instance, preferring to buy wives from the Chihalis or Cowlitz, tribes of Sehlish origin. If I get time to finish ray general report this winter you will find further details, supposing always you are not tired of these. I have never been able to get an authenticated skull of a white half breed. These also are never flattened, the pride of intercourse in the mother preserving to the child the attributes of the superior race." March 18 f/i. Vice-President ]3uidges ia the Chair. Letters were read — From Signor A. Saavalle, dated Havana, 10th Feb., 185G, trans- mitting donations to the Academy. From Mr. Win. P. Blake, dated Washington. 16th March, 1856, acknowledging receipt of liis notice of election as a Correspondent. Dr, Leidy presented a paper for pablication from Dr. F. B. Meek and Dr. F. V. Ilayden, entitled, " Descriptions of new species of Gas- teropoda and Cephalnpoda from the Cretaceous for 'nation of Nebraska Territory ;" which was referred to Mr. Isaac Lea, Dr. Leidy, and Dr. Wilson. Also a paper from Drs. B. F. Shuraard and L. P. Yandell, entitled, " Notice of a new Fossil genus belonging to the Family Blastoidea from the Devonian Strata near Louisville, Ky." Referred to Dr. Leidy, Mr. Rogers, and Mr. Lesley- Also a paper entitled, " Notices of Remains of extinct Reptiles and Fishes, discovered by Dr. F. V. Hayden in the ' bad hinds ' on the Judith River, Nebraska Territory, by Joseph Leidy, M. D." Re- ferred to Mr. Lesley, Dr. Le Conte, and Mr. I. Lea. Dr. Leidy remarked that he had examined the specimen transmitted by Mr. Billings, of Ottowa, U. C. Upon removing the matrix he had discovered the hind legs of a young aiiiinal, which he believed to be a seal ; but whether extinct or not he could not decide. March 25th. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. The Cominitteo on papers by Dr. L;iidy, entitled, "Descriptions of some remains of Fishes from the Carboniferous and Devonian formations of the United States;" and " Descriptions of some remains of extinct Mammalia," reported in favor of publication in the Journal of the Academy. The Committees on Drs. Meek and Hayden's papers, read 11th and 18th insts. ; on Dr. Leidy's, of 18th inst. ; and on Drs. Shumard and Yandell's p;iper, read same date, reported in f:ivor of publication in the Proceedings. 185G.] .. 63 Descriptions of neic species of Gasteropoda from the Cretaceous formations of Xebraska Territory* By F. B. Meek and F. V. Haydex, M. D. The species indicated in the following paper comprise a portion of an extensive collection recently brought from Nebraska hy one of the authors. f It is worthy of note that some of the species contained in the collection from the most recent Cretaceous beds of the upper Missouri country appear referable to genera which, according to high European authority, date no farther back than the true chalk, while many of them are closely analogous to Tertiary forms ; so close indeed, that had they not been found associated in the same beds with Ammonites, Scaphites and other genera everywhere regarded as having become extinct at the close of the Cretaceous epoch, we would have considered them Tertiary species. If these beds really are equivale it to any portion of the Green sand of English geologists, it is a curious 'act that we should find mingled together in tlieni upper Cretaceous and Tertiary forms exactly as if they and those of the older Tertiary were deposited in the regular order of sequence. Such facts however are sometimes met with amongst Pahtozoic formations. The following section exhibits the order of superposition of the formations in which our Cretaceous fossils were found, and their relations to the Tertiary and older rocks. Tertiary ( Beds of clay, sandstone, lignite, &c., containing remains of vertebrata, 400 to-! and at places, vast numbers of jilants, with land, fresh water, and 600 ft. (_ sometimes marine or estuary mollusca. 5 ^ Gray and yellowish arenaceous clays containing great numbers of marine mollusca with a few land plants. 100 to 150 feet. 4 -J Plastic clays with numerous ^arine mollusca. About 350 feet. 3 f Gray and yellowish calcareous ■> \ scales, (fee. 100 to 150 feet. marl, containing Ostrea congesta, fish u 2 \ Grayish and lead colored clays having few fossils. 80 feet. 1 /Si; Sandstones and clays not positively known to belong to the Cretaceous svstem. 90 feet. Limestones of upper coal measures at Council Bluffs, containing Spirifer Meuscbachauus, AUorisma terminalis, Terebratula subtilita, Fusulina cylin- drica, &c. ScALARiA CERETHiFORMis. Shell elougate-conical, turreted, not umbilicate; volutions seven or eight, convex, closely contiguous, traversed by numeroussharp, slightly curved cost*, less than the spaces between; surface marked by irregular lines of growth, crossed by fine, unequal, thread-like, revolving lines, as strong on the costte as between them ; suture distinct; aperture ovate, angular on the inner sideabove, rounded below : lipthin, curved ontwardson the inncrside below. Length 1.G5 inches, breadth .73 inch ; length of aperture .52 inch, breadth .40 inch ; apical angle slightly convex, divergence about 28°. Locality. Moreau trading post. No. 5 of the series, rare. AcTEON suBELLiPTicus. Shell elougate-oval or narrow elliptical ; spire some- what elevated; volutions about four; surfsxce polished, and ornamented by about twenty-five regular revolving strite, composed of round punctfe so disposed as to range up and down the shell exactly parallel to the obsolete lines of growth ; suture distinct; aperture narrow, curved, acutely- angular on the inner side above, * Figures, comparisons, and remarks to be published hereafter, f Dr. Hayden. 64 [March, gradually "widening downwards to nbont the middle, from •which point it again very graduallj' contracts towards tlie narrowly ronnded front ; ovitcr lip thin ; columella having a single small oblicjue fold, outside of which there is a small umbilical groove. Length .25 inch, breadth .10 inch; apical angle regular, divergence 57°. Locality and position. Crow Creek near Black hills. No. 4 of the series. AvALANA SUBGLOBOSA. Shell globose or subovate ; spire very short, slopes rounded ; volutions four, increasing rapidly from the ajjcx, last one veiy large and ventricose ; surface ornamented by about thirty punctate stria?, half as wide as the elevations between on the upper part of the volutions, but much more closely croAvded on the lower part of the last turn ; suture linear, distinct ; aperture semilunar, widest below, contracted and terminating in a smoothly rounded angle above ; outer lip smooth within, faintly sinuate below and having a thick strong peristome without ; inner lip thick and raised into a single promi- nent tranverse tooth below. Length .39 inch, breadth .37 inch ; length of aperture .21 inch, breadth .11 inch. Locality and position . Moreau trading post. No. 5 of the series. Natica ? AJiniGCA. Shell oblicjuely suboval, or oblong ; spire depressed-conical; volutions about four, convex, increasing somcAvhat rapidly from the apex, last one ventricose ; surface marked by fine lines of growth and stronger parallel wrinkles, crossed by strong irregular revolving stri;\? ; suture distinctly impressed, aperture obliquely ovate, angular above, rounded below ; lips thin, ajiparently disunited above and abrujitly deflected outward on the inner side below the small or rudimentary umbilicus. Length .50 inch, breadth .42 inch ; length of aperture .34 inch, breadth of do. .24 inch ; apical angle convex, divergence 81°. Locality and ^josilion. Same as last. Natica occidentalis. Shell obliquely-oval or ovate ; spire elevated ; volutions about five, convex ; surface marked with fine lines of growth, andfaint or nearly obsolete, minutely tiexuous revolving lines; suture distinctly impressed ; aperture ovate, straight on the inside and broadly rounded without ; outer lip thin ; inner lip not thickened, partly deflected over the edge of the small oblique umbilicus. Length about .97 inch, breadth .70 inch ; length of aperture .56 inch, breadth .33 inch ; apical angle convex, divergence 70°. Locality and position. Same as preceding. Natica Moreauensis. Shell obliciuely-ovate ; spire somewhat depressed; volutions three and a half to four, convex, last one large and ventricose ; surface marked )jy fine lines of growth, crossed by A'ery fine, nearl;y obsolete, minutely flexuous revolving lines ; suture distinctly impressed or sub-channeled ; aperture ovate ; outer lip thin; inner lip not thickened and deflected partly over the small umbilicus. Length about .90 inch, breadth .70 inch ; length of aperture .54 inch, lireadth .36 inch ; apical angle slightly convex, divergence 90°. Locality andposition. Same as preceding. TuBBO Nebrascensis. Shell turbinate, length and breadth about equal ; spire broadly conical ; volutions about five, ronnded, gradually increasing from the apex ; surface ornamented by fine revolving stria', crossed by delicate lines of growth, becoming distinct oblique wrinkles along the suture and round the um- bilicus, the whole presenting an elegant cancellated appearance under a lense ; suture distinctly impressed ; aperture round ; umbilicus moderate, round. Length .25 inch, breadth .26 inch; diameter of aperture .12 inch; apical angle somewhat convex, divergence 53°. Locality and position. Yellow Stone river, one hundred and fifty miles from mouth. No. 4 of series. Turbo tenuilineatus. Shell oblong or suboval, oblique, thin ; spire some- what elevated, acute at tlie apex ; volutions about five, rounded, increasing rapidly from tlie apex; last one ventricose, extended in front ; surface marked 1856.] 65 with distinct lines of growth, crossed by rounded, thread-like lines, generally- less than the spaces between, and somewhat irregular in size ; between the latter there are also very fine parallel revolving strife, only visiblo under a lens ,• suture apparently canaliculate ; aperture broad ovate or oval ; outer lip thin ; inner lip straight above, and distinctly curved outwards below at its junction with the outer lip near the small umbilicus. Length .84 inch, breadth .68 inch; apical angle regular, divergence 78°; length of aperture .50 inch, breadth of do. .36 inch. Locality. Moreau trading post. No. 5 of the series. RosTELLARiA BiANGULATA. Shell elongated ; spire elevated, acutely conical ; volutions seven or eight, convex, crossed by small nearly obsolete folds, last one having two distinct revolving carin* on the middle, which diverge in passing upon the expanded lip, and terminate in two more or less saliant angles at its outer margin ; surface marked by fine very faint lines of growth, crossed by small revolving thread-like lines about equal the intermediate spaces, on the spire and upper part of the last turn, but more distinct and alter- nating with smaller ones on the lower part of the body volution ; suture linear, sharply impressed ; aperture unknown ; outer lip thin, expanded, and extending more or less up the spire. Length .53 inch, breadth exclusive of the lip .21 inch ; apical angle regular, divergence 3'7°. Locality and position. Yellow Stone river, one hundred and fifty miles from mouth. No. 4 of the series. Fuscrs Dakotaexsis. Shell fusiform ; spire conical, somewhat elevated ; volu- tions about si.x, flattened or concave above, last one abruptly contracted into the canal below, and ornamented on the middle by two elevated revolving nodose carinoe, between which faint, broadly rounded, vertical folds pass from node to node. On the spire only the upper and most prominent carina is seen, while a third less distinct parallel ridge passes round lower down on the body whorl ; whole surface marked by fine, regular Hues of growth, crossed by rounded re- volving lines, one of which, about midway between the two large carint^, is stronger than the others ; suture linear ; aperture broad oval or ovate. Length from junction of canal and aperture to apex 1.03 inches, breadth .92 inch ; length of aperture .48 inch, breadth .42 inch; apical angle regular, divergence 51°. Locacity and position. Moreau trading post. No. 5 of the series. Fusus Galpinianus. Shell small, fusiform ; spire conical, acute ; volutions five and a half to six, convex, last one sloping somewhat abruptly below into the short canal ; surface marked by fine flexuous lines of growth, crossed by rounded little revolving bands or lines scarcely larger than the grooves be- tween. About fourteen of these bands may be counted on the second volution; suture distinct; aperture narrow-oval, acutely angular behind, and sloping into the canal in front ; outer lip thin and sharp ; inner lip lying close upon the tortuous columella. Length 1.05 inches, breadth .42 inch; length of aperture (including canal) .53 inch, breadth .18 inch ; apical angle regular or slightly convex, divergence 32°. The above species is dedicated to Mr. C. E. Galpin, of Am. Fur Go. Locality and position. Same as last. Fusus coNTORTDS. Shell obliquely fusiform ; spire elevated conical, acute at the apex; volutions five and a half to six, distinctly concave above, convex below, and ornamented by indistinct flexuous folds, which swell out into a row of prominent nodes round the middle ; last volution graduall}'- contracting below into a short canal ; surface marked by fine flexuous lines of growth crossed by numerous elevated thread-like revolving lines, a little less than the spaces be- tween ; suture distinct ; aperture ovate, widest above the middle, angular behind, and tapering forward ; outer lip thin ; inner lip closely folded upon the some- what tortuous columella. Length about .90 inch, breadth .48 inch ; length of aperture and canal .56 inch, breadth .20 inch ; apical angle convex, divergence 45°. Locality. Same as the preceding. fl6 [March, Fnsus CcLBERTSONi. Shell elongate fusiform ; spire elevated conical, acute ; Tolutions about seven, convex, increasing gradually from the apex, and crossed nearly at right angles to the suture by six or seven strong rounded folds, which gradually become obsolete on the last near the aperture ; last volution tapering gracefully and obliquely into the canal, which is of moderate length ; surface marked by irregular lines of growth, crossed by flattened or rounded lines, somewhat larger than the spaces between ; suture distinctly impressed, and when viewed from aVjove is seen to deviate from a regular curve in following the waving outline of the folds ; aperture lanceolate or narrow oval, acutely angular above and tapering gradually below. Length about 1.68 inches, breadth .50 inch ; length of aperture and canal about .90 inch, breadth .23 inch ; apical angle convex, divergence 28°. We dedicate this species to Mr. Alexander Culbertson, of the Am. Fur Co. Locality and j^osition. Same as preceding. Fusus FLEXUOCOSTATDS. Shell fusiform ; spire somewhat elevated, acute at the apex ; volutions six to six and a half, convex, traversed by strong, simple, flexuous folds nearly equalling the spaces between, and terminating above in gmall nodes so as to leave a shallow spiral groove below the suture; last whorl somewhat ventricose ; surface ornamented by distinct lines of growth, crossed by snirtll, elevated, thread-like, revolving lines, equal the spaces between on the upper part of the volutions, but more distant on the lower part of the last one; between the revolving lines and parallel with them, fine striie may be seen by the aid of a magnifier; suture unknown ; aperture oval or ovate. Length 1.05 inches, breadth .61 inch ; length of aperture exclusive of canal .48 inch, breadth .30 inch ; apical angle 46°. Locality and position. Moreau river. No. 5 of series. Fusus Newbekrti. Shell fusiform, thick ; spire conical ; volutions five, flattened or concave above, convex below and ornamented round the middle with a row of more or less prominent nodes, which are sometimes prolonged on the last one into indistinct folds below; surface ornamented by irregular flexuous lines of growth, crossed by round, elevated, thread-like, revolving lines, sometimes greater and sometimes less than the spaces between ; suture linear ; aperture narrow ovate, angular above and scarcely distinct from the short canal below ; outer lip thin or bevelled ; inner lip closely spread upon the columella. Length 1.43 inches, breadth .81 inch ; length of aperture (in- cluding the canal) .87 inch, breadth .32 inch ; apical angle convex, divergence 55°. We dedicate this species to Dr. J. S. Newberry, of Cleveland, Ohio. Locality and position. Moreau river and Fox Hills. No. 5 of series. Pyrula Bairdi. Shell pyriform ; spire depressed ; volutions five, rapidly in- creasing from the apex, flattened or slightly concave above and on the outside ; last one large and ventricose, ornamented on the outside by two to three more or less prominent, revolving, nodose carina?, only the upper of which is visible on the spire ; surface marked by strong lines of growth, crossed by numerous elevated revolving lines, less than the spaces between, and sometimes assuming, on the outer and lower part of the last volution, the size of more distinct ridges; suture narrow, channeled ; aperture ovate, abruptly contracted into the long- canal below; columella tortuous, and deeply curved round the aperture ; outer lip bevelled ; inner lip thinly spread over the columella round the aperture, but leaving an umbilical groove about half way down the canal. Length 3.50 inches, breadth .2 inches ; length of aperture (including the canal) .3 inches, breadth 1.08 inches; apical angle nearly regular, divergence 114°. Dedicated to Prof. Spencer F. Baird, of the Smithsonian Institution. Locality and position. Same as last. Fasciolaria cretacea. Shell small elongate, fusiform ; spire elevated conical ; Tolutions five to six, convex, last one a little more than half the entire length of 1856.] 67 the shell, contracted below into a tapering canal; surface marked with flexuoui lines of growth and little flat revolving bands about four times as wide as the grooves between ; suture distinct ; aperture narrow oval, angular above and narrowing gradually below ; columella tortuous and having five small, oblique folds near the middle of the aperture. Locality and position. Same as preceding. Fasciolaria bcccinoides. Shell elongate-oval or subfusiform ; spire conical, acute ; volutions live to five and a half, convex, last one somewhat veniricose and contracted below into a short canal ; surface ornamented with fine regular lines of growth and small parallel folds, which are crossed by regular, round, elevated revolving bands, ecjual to or greater than the spaces be- tween. Of these bands about fourteen may be counted on the second volution ; suture distinctly impressed ; aperture narrow, oval, or semi-elliptical ; outer lip faintly grooved, and at intervals of about once for each turn becomes thickened and crenulated on the inside ; inner lip closely spread upon the tortuous columella, and forming about the middle of the aperture two distinct oblique folds. Length .96 inch, breadth .49 inch ; length of aperture and canal about .60 inch, breadth .23 inch ; apical angle convex, divergence 54°. This shell has much the general appearance of a Buccinum^ having the form and surface markings of ii. decussatum (Lamk.) an Eocene species from the Paris basin, but differs from the genus Buccimim in having two distinct f dds on the columella, being in this respect more like Fasciolaria. The folds on the columella arc not stronger, however, than we see in B. fusiformis of Deshays, another Tertiary species. We had once concluded to refer it with doubt to the genus Bticcinum, but refer it to the genus Fasciolaria, at the suggestion of Dr. Gould, to whom we sent specimens. This genus, according to D'Orbigny, made its first appearance in the old world during the deposition of the true chalk. Locality and position. Moreau and Fox Hills. No. 5 of the series. BncciNUM ? Nebrascensis. Shell oval, thin ; spire very short ; volutions three to three and a half, convex, rapidly increasing from the apex, last one very large and somewhat ventricose ; surface marked with distinct lines of growth, which are crossed by flattened, revolving bands, much wider on the upper part of the volutions than the shallow grooves between, but about equal to them on the lower part of the last turn. About seven or eight of tiaese bands may be counted on the second volution ; suture narrow, channeled ; aperture large, sub- elliptical, angular above, and terminating in a rounded notch in front, the form of which is well defined by a sudden curve in the lines of growth on a broad spiral ridge round the outer edge of the pillar lip ; outer lip very thin ; inner lip thinly spread over the extremely tortuous columella. Length .77 inch, breadth .58 inch ; length of aperture .61 inch, breadth .36 inch ; apical angle convex, di- vergence 105°. Being in doubt in regard to the generic re'ations of this shell, we sent speci- mens of it, and a few others, to the distinguished conchologist. Dr. Augustus A. Gould, of Boston, from whom we leceived in legard to it, the following remarks: " Its general form reminds one of Naiica, and its revolving striae of the subgenus Naticina. If we look at the base, however, we find a revolving ridge which is never found in the Naticidae, but is peculiar to the Buccinid«." Dr. G. further remarks that with the exception of the revolving strije it agrees very nearly with the genus Pseudoliea ot Swainson, which is not known to date back further than the Eocene. In many respects it resembles the Eocene Buccimim. ohtiisum of Deshays, from the Paris basin, which forms the type of an Eocene genus estab- lished by D'Orbigny under the name of Sulco huccinum. Our shell has the form, revolving strife, &c., of some species of D'Orbigny's genus, but wants the strong revolving sulcus, which is one of its princip.il characters. For the pres'-nt we refer it to the genus Buccinum, though we suspect it may form the type of a new ge nns. Locality and position. Same as last. 08 [March, Capulcs feagilis. Shell broadly conical, very thin ; apex elevated, central ; slopes slightly convex, divergence 80° ; surface marked with fine, closely arranged, concentric stria3 ; aperture circular. Diameter of base 1.21i inch; height of apex about .74 inch. It is with some doubt we refer this species to the above geaus, as our specimen only consists of an internal cast with a few fragments of shell adhering ; no muscular impressions are visible upon it, but the nipjile at the summit appears to have occupied the interior of an attenuated and laterally curved apex. Locality and position. Fox Hills. No. 5 of the series. Genus IIELCION (Montfort). We have not yet had an opportunity of seeing the interior of any of the fol- lowing patelliform shells, but, judging from external characters, they appear referable to the above genus as defined by D'Orbigny. They are all strictly symmetrical, with, as far as can be ascertained, thin, smooth, and nearly, if not quite entire borders. Helcion sexsulcatus. Shell patelliform, longer than wide ; apex between the centre and anterior margin depressed ; lateral slopes nearly straight, di- vergence 100®; anterior slope slightly concave, and having two broad shallow grooves radiating from the apex to the antero-lateral edges ; posterior slope convex, and having four broad shallow grooves radiating from the apex to the posterior and lateral edges ; base or aperture oval ; surface unknown. Length unknown, breadth about 1.29 inch, height .48 inch. Locality and position. Yellow Stone, one hundred and fifty miles from mouth. No. 4 of the series. Helcion patelliformis. Shell patelliform, thin, a little longer than wide ; apex somewhat elevated, nearer the centre than the anterior margin ; lateral slopes nearl)^ straight, divergence about 90° ; anterior slope straight or slightly concave, posterior convex, divergence of the two about 103° ; surface marked with fine concentric lines of growth, which are crossed hj very faint indications of. fine radiating striae, and on the anterior side by three or four scarcely per- ceptible, radiating carinte (the latter not always present) ; aperture broad, oval. Length 1 inch, breadth .84 inch, height .44 inch. Locality and position. Same as last. Helcion alveolus. Shell patelliform, thin, longer than wide ; apex depressed, nearly central ; lateral slopes convex and forming an angle of 80° ; posterior and anterior slopes about equally convex, divergence 120°; surface marked with very fine concentric lines of growth ; base or aperture elliptical or subovate, Length .63 inch, breadth .43 inch, heigh th .17 inch. Locality and position. Yellow Stone river. No. 4 of series. Helcion subovatus. Shell patelliform, longer than wide ; apex depressed, situated about half way between the centre and the anterior margin ; lateral slopes convex, and forming an angle of 80° ; posterior slope more convex than the anterior, divergence of the two 104°; surface marked by faint, irregular, concentric undulations and imbricating lines of growth ; base or aperture oval or subovate, extremities broadly rounded, the posterior end being a little wider than the anterior. Length 1.16 inches, breadth .81 inch, heighth .39 inch Locality and positio7i. Same as preceding. '! Helcion carinatus. Shell very obliquely conical or bonnet-shaped, thin ; apex elevated near the anterior margin, and directed forAvard ; anterior and antero-lateral slopes profoundly concave ; posterior slope convex above and flattened or concave below. A single strong, rounded carina passes from the apex down the posterior slope, becoming gradually obsolete near the margin, while two or three much fainter ones radiate from the apex down the postero- 1856.] 69 lateral slopes on each side of it. Six small indistinct strife radiate from the apex, two of which are directed forwards and ontwards, and four backwards and outwards; faint, irregular, concentric undulations dimly indicate the progressive stages of growth ; surface otherwise smooth ; aperture circular. Diameter of aperture 1.93 inches, heigh th of apex .80 inch. Locality and position. Same as preceding. Dentalium fragilis. Shell very thin, slender, gently curved from npex to base ; surface ornamented by rounded, thread-like, longitudinal lines, Avhich are crossed somewhat obliquely upwards from the inner to the outer side of the curve by ver}' fine regular lines of growth. The longitudinal lines terminate abruptly a little below the apex, (where they number about fourteen) and increase in number by implantation, and diminish in size and regularity towards the larger end, so as to become nearly obsolete on the lower half of the shell ; aperture circular. Diameter at the apex .05 inch, do. of a fragment .85 inch, below apex .13 inch, do. of largest fragment .19 inch; thickness of shell .02 inch; apical angle 3°. The above species is closely allied to D. gracilis, Hall and Jleek, (vol. 5, new series. Trans. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Boston) but differs in having much less prominent longitudinal striie, and not more than half as thick a shell ; while the aperture, which in the former is nearly always subcircular, in the present species is exactly circular. Locality and position. Yellow Stone river, one hundred and fifty miles above mouth. No. 4 of section. Bulla volvaria. Shell narrow ovate, tapering gradually from below the middle upwards, and extended obliquely below ; spire hidden, sometimes ura- bilicate ; surface ornamented by faint lines of growth and shallow revolving striiB, about one fifth as wide as the spaces between on the middle of the shell, but more closely crowded and irregular at the lower and upper extremities. Occasionally a much finer stria occupies one of the spaces between the others ; aperture long, narrow, gently curved, rising above the summit of the body, about half as wide above the middle as below ; lip thin, closely folded over the rudi- mentary umbilicus. Length .66 inch, breadth .36 inch. Loccility and position Moreau trading post. No. 5 of section. BcLLA MINOR. Shell minute, ovate, or elliptical ; spire hidden, umbilicate ; surface marked by elevated, sharp, revolving strife, about equal to the grooves between ; fine sharply elevated lines of growth, more distinct in the grooves than on the elevations, mark the surface in the other direction; aperture large, rising above the summit of the body, narrow and obtuse above, and widening gradu- ally below. Length about .10 inch, breadth .05. Locality and position. Moreau trading post. No. 5 of the series. Bulla occidentalis. Shell oval or ovate, thin, ventricose, widest a little above the middle, rounded at the summit and somewhat obliquely extended in front; spire hidden, umbilicate; surface unknown. Indistinct lines of groAvth, and stronger revolving striae less than the spaces between are seen on the cast ; aperture curved, narrow behind, risingabove the summit of the bodj^, and wideningcliiefly on the inner side below; lip slightly curved outwards round the lower part of the aperture. Length .44 inch, breadth .28 inch. Locality and position. Yellow stone river. No. 4 of the series. "We have other new species of Gasteropoda from the Cretaceous formations of the upper Missouri, but refrain from indicating them out of deference to friends having specimens of the same which they wish to describe. 70 [March, Descriptions of new sjjccies of Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda from the Cretaceous for- mations of Nebraska Territory . By F. B. Meek and F. V. Hayden, M. D. TuRRiTELLA CONVEXA. Shell acutelv couical ; rolutions flattened convex ; su- ture linear, indistinct; surface marked with fine lines of growth; aperture ovate, acutely angular above, rounded below. Length unknown; breadth of largest specimen .39 inch ; apical angle very convex, divergence 20«. This species may at once be distinguished from any other shell known to us from this region, by the convexity of the lateral slopes of the spire, and the absence of revolving lines. Locality and position. Yellow Stone river, one hundred and fifty miles from mouth. No. 4 of the series. TuRitiTELLA MoREAUENSis. Shell terete; spire elevated; volutions (number unknown) flattened, increasing very gradually from the apex, and ornamented by elevated thread-like revolving bands or lines about equal the intermediate spaces ; while sharply elevated, regular, and somewhat distant, lines of growth traverse the whorls fn the other direction : suture linear and sharp ; aperture subquadrate, forming nearly a right angle on the inner side above, and termi- nating in a distinct notch on the columellar side below. Length (unknown,) breadth .10 inch; length of aperture .07 inch, breadth .04 inch; apical angle regular, divergence 9". We have only incomplete specimens of this species, consisting of from six to eight volutions, of which there were probably not less than ten. On the last whorl, there is a fourth smaller revolving line below the others, and still lower, several very fine revolving stria;. The lines of growtli, are much more distinct between, than upon the revolving lines on all parts of the shell. Locality and position. Moreau river. No. 5 of the series. Belmnitella? bulbosa. Shell elongated, cylindrical, widening at the open- ing, then somewhat contracted, and again enlarging below the middle, whence it gradually tapers to a point; alveolus having a small groove down the dor- sum, and marks of transverse septa round the sides ; substance of the shell fibrous,— fibers radiating at nearly right angles from the central linear axis to the exterior. Phragmacone tapering regularly at an angle of 20° from the larger extremity to the apex, where it terminates in a minute but distinct bulb- like expansion; section circular or broad oval, septa faintly sinuate on the dorsum and separated by spaces equalling about one-sixth the diameter of the shell ; about twenty-eight of the septa may be counted in the space of half an inch from the apex. Length unknown ; diameter of largest fragment .33 inch. We have of this species perfect specimens of the phragmacone, but having onlv seen longitudinal sections, and worn fragments of the external horny shell, we'know nothing of its surface markings, nor whether or not it possessed the longitudinal slit'characteristic of the genus. The groove down the inner side of the alveolar cavity, however, is well marked in some of the fragments. We were at first inclined to refer it with doubt to Belmnitella mucronata (D'Orb.) which has already received such a multiplicity of names, but a careful com- parison with authentic specimens of that species from New Jersey convinces us it is different, and may be at once distinguished by the small bulb at the apex of the phragmacone, which always leaves its impression at the point of the alveolar cavity. So far as we know, this genus is, in the old world, confined to the true chalk. Locality and position. Moreau river. No. 5 of the series. Ammonites halli.— Shell large, laterally compressed, rounded on the dor- sum ; umbilicus rather small, deep, somewhat funnel shaped, exhibiting one- third to one-fourth, of each of the inner volutions; surface ornamented by numerous small, slightly elevated, costie, which cross the volutions more orless obliquely. About one-fourth of those crossing the dorsum reach the umbilicus, 185G.] 71 around Avhich on the outer wborl, they swell out into a row of prominent trans- versely elongated nodes or ridges, while the intei mediate ones die out, or coalesce Avith the others at various distances across from the periphery. Septa profoundly lobed, and exceedingly complicated. All the margins of the branches of the lobes, sharply, and those of the saddles obtusely, digitate. Dorsal lobe ornamented at the extremity with four principal branches, the two terminal of which are larger than the others, and again divided into two branch- lets. Dorsal saddle much larger than the superior lateral lobe, incqually divided at the summit by the slender digitate auxiliary lobe into two branches, that on the dorsal side being much larger than the other, and again once or twice dyeply divided. kSuperior lateral lobe much smaller than the dorsal saddle, and having four principal divisions, the two terminal of which are greatly larger than the others, and each again divided into two branchlets, of which the two lateral are much smaller than the others. Superior lateral saddle a little smaller than the superior lateral lobe, deeply divided at the summit into two nearly equal branches, each of the divisions being again divided into two or three parts. Inferior lateral lobe small and slender, having four or five alternating branches. The succeeding lobes are very small and simply bifid or trifid at the extremity. It is exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, from our imi)crfect specimens, to determine definitely whether this is Scaj^hile or an Ammonite, though we are in- clined, in consequence of its large size, to think it must be the latter. Our de- scription is made out from a young shell measuring four and a half inches across the disc, while \y& have fragments of other individuals which must have been at least four times as large ; hence we infer, in adult shells of large size, the lobes of the septa may have been even more complicated than those of the spe- cimen investigated hj us. From the same bed we have a large distorted specimen, apparently of the same species, which is less compressed and has stronger costae. It also appears to want the row of nodes round the umbilicus. As far as we have been able to see its septa, they appear to be identical with those of the above species ; con- sequently we are disposed, at present, to regard it as only a variety of the same. It is possible, however, a careful comparison of better specimens may prove them to be distinct ; if so, we would propose for it the specific name of ampins. This species is named after Prof James Hall, of Albany, N. Y. Locality and position. Yellow-stone River, one hundred and fifty miles above the mouth, and one hundred and fifty miles above Milk River, No. 4 of series. Ancvloceras? Nebeascensis. Of this species we have but a fragment, .about two inches in length. It makes a short spiral curve like Helioccras (D'Orb.) and is ornamented with small (bifurcating?) annular costje, more distinct on the ventral than dorsal side. The specimen is too imperfect to show the details of the lobes, though we can see they are very complicated, and sharply digitate. Section circular, diameter .90 inch. This and the following species would not go into the genus Ancyloceras, as defined by D'Orbigny, but appear to be closely related to foriBS, so referred by Pictet and others. Locality. Iquor creek, north fork, Cheyenne. Position. No. 4 of the series. Ancyloceras? Cheyenensis. The only specimen of this species we have seen, is a.section of the outer chamber, about two and a half inches long. It makes a broad spiral curve, and is ornamented by prominent rounded annular costsR, which encircle the shell very obliquely, and are smaller and more ap- proximate on the inner side of the curve, than without. Costre having two prominent nodes, at which point iAiQj sometimes bifurcate ; the nodes being so arranged as to form two parallel rows up and down the dorso-lateral portion of the shell. Section circular, diameter 2.40 inches. The above species resemWes somewhat Ancyloceras? Nicolletii of Hall and Meek (Vol. 5, new series. Trans. Am. Acad. Arts and Sciences, Boston,) but has much larger and more prominent costre, which pass less obliquely round the shell, and do not bifurcate so frequently, while the nodes are larger, and the curve of the 70 72 [March, shell much broader. From Aocyloccras? aproximans, Con. (Proceedings of the Phila. Acad. p. 266,) it differs in having broadly rounded, instead of acute costae-. Locality and jwxilion. Mouth Cheyenne river. No. 4. of series. notices of remains of extinct Reptiles and Fishes, discovered by Dr. F. V. Ilaydcn in the Bad Lands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory. By Joseph Leidy, M. D. 1. Pal.bosciscus costatus, Leidy. The genus and species ai-e fouuded on a single specimen of a toolh of a lacer- tian, discovered by Dr. Ilayden. The crown of the tooth is palmate, with eight radiating costfe terminating at the margin in more or less developed points. The fang is flattened cylindrical, and is hollow ; and it expands into a ridge surrounding the base of the crown. Breadth of the crown 4 lines, length 2i lines ; width of the fang 2 lines, thick- ness 1 line. Whole length of the specimen 4 lines. 2. Trachodox mirabilis, Leidy. The genus and species are founded upon specimens of teeth, generally very much worn and in a fragmentary condition, of a herbivorous lacertian reptile allied to the lyi/anodon, discovered by Dr. Hay den. One of the specimens of teeth is an unworn crown, about 14 lines long and 5 lines in diameter at its thickest part. It has the form of a slightly bent hexahe- dral column, bevelled off convexly from the summit of the tooth internally to the base externally. The outer surface is smooth, and has a prominent median ridge and prominent subacute lateral borders. The inner surface of the tooth, presenting the five smaller sides of the column, is quite roughened with irregu- lar granulations. Tlie base of the tooth is hollow, and its walls at the broken border of the specimen are IJ lines thick. Li another and much worn specimen of a tooth, which had apparently been shed, and is now 4^ lines long ; the triturating surface is slightly concave and pentahedral, with concave sideS, and is 4 lines in diameter. The two portions of the outer surface incline much more from the median ridge than in the pre- ceding specimen ; and the base of the tooth is hollowed, apparently from the pressure of a successor. 3. Troodon pormosds, Leidy. The genus and species are founded on a single specimen of a tooth of a lacer- tian, discovered by Dr. Hayden. The specimen consists of a compressed, curved, conical crown with tren- chant edges. The outer side is more convex than the inner, which is worn off towards the apex from friction of the opposing tooth. The trenchant edges are coarsely denticulated ; the denticulations themselves being compressed conical, witli trenchant edges, and are bent in such a manner that their apices are directed towards the summit of the crown. The base of the tooth is hollow, and is 2 lines wide and 1 J lines transversely ; and the length of the specimen is 3 lines. 4. Deinodo.v horkidus, Lcid}'. This genus and species are founded on a number of specimens, consisting of fragments of teeth of a saurian reptile, discovered by Dr. Hayden. Nine of the specimens referred to consist of crowns of teeth or of their sum- mits, which resemble those of Mcgalosaurus, being compressed conical and curved, and having trenchant, dentatcd borders. They are generally thicker in relation to their breadth than in Megalosaunis, which might only be a specific distinction, were it not that there are several other teeth in the same collection apparently of the same animal, but quite peculiar in form. One of the specimens is a curved conical crown", nearly circular in transverse section, having a prominent dentated ridge on each side. A second specimen is a crown, deuii-elliptical in transverse section, with the posterior borders den- tated. A third specimen is a small fragment of a very large tooth, apparently IS.IG.] 73 ■with nearly the same foi-m as the hatter ; and a fourth specimen is a portion of the crown of a tooth, demi-elliptical in transverse section, with the posterior borders elevated but not dentated. Had the different forms of teeth above indicated been obtained from different localities, they might have been referred to at least four distinct genera, but having been discovered together, and possessing the same structural appear- ances, I suspect them to have belonged to one and the same species. Tlie largest specimen resembling the teeth of Mcgalomurus in its present con- dition, is 1} inches long from the apex, J of an inch broad at base, and 5 lines thick. One of the specimens, which is demi-elliptical in section, is over an inch in length from tlie apex, 8 lines broad at base, and 3i lines wide at the posterior surface. Anotlicr specimen, apparently with the same form as that just indi- cated, in its perfect condition appears to have had the crown over two inches in length, nearly an inch in breadth, and about half an inch in width })ostcriorly. 5. Crocodilus humilis, Leidy. .The species is founded on ten specimens of shed crowns of teeth, apparently of a small species of crocodile. The largest specimen is 7 J lines long and 3^ lines in diameter at base, which is nearly circular. Another specimen is 1 lines long and 2.y lines in diameter at base ; and a third specimen is 6 lines long and Sj lines in diameter at base. These are all moderately curved conical, nearly circular in transverse section, with the two usual internal acute ridges, and with the intervening surfaces slightly striate or nearly smooth. The crown of a pos- terior tooth is compressed, mammillarj' in form, 2\ lines long and 2\ wide at base, with the summit obtuse, and the sides finely and longitudinally rugose. 6. Trionyx foveatds, Leidy. The species is founded on fragments of several costal and sternal plates. The exterior surface of the costal plates is covered with pits, excepting close to the margins ; and the pits are small and round at the vertebral extremity, and gradu- ally increase in size outwardly and become antero-posterioidy oblong oval and reniform. A vertebral fragment of a third or fourth costal plate, a little over an inch in length, is 11 lines wide and 2 lines thick. Small fragments of the sternal plates present an exterior surface covered with broken vermicular ridges and tubercles separated by wide intervals. Fragments of a hyposternal plate are 3 lines in thickness. 1. Lepidotus occidentalis, Leidy. " A species proposed on five specimens of thick lozenge-shaped scales, with the root prolonged in the direction of the long diameter. The enamelled surf ice of the scales is smooth and shining. The largest one has its sides about 4 lines long, the smallest one about 2^ lines long. 8. Lepidotus Haydeni, Leidy. A species proposed on a single specimen of a thick oblong square scale, the long sides of which measure 5 lines, and the short sides 3^ lines. The root pro- jects forward from one of the long sides, and the enamelled surface of the scales is covered with parallel square lines. This species is named in honor of Dr. Hayden, who collected the remains char- acterized in this paper ; and which remains, I suspect, indicate the existence of a formation like that of the Wealden of Europe. Notice of a new Fossil Genus belonging to the Famili/ Blastoidea, from the Devonian strata near Louisville, Kentucky. By B. F. Shumard, M. D., and L. P. Yandell, M. D. The remarkable Crinoid, now for the first time brought to the notice of Palae- ontologists, was discovered by us as early as 1847, in a gray sub-crystalline limestone on Bear Grass Creek, near Louisville, Kentucky, associated with characteristic fossils of the Devonian system. At that time we had observed only detached jjlates of the genus, which did not permit us to recognize its most 74 [March, important peculiarities, and Tve regarded it as hAng merely a species of Pcntre- miLcs (tiay.) analogous to (/'. Eta-acrinuH) Verneuili (Rcjumer.) Afterwards, through the politeness of 8. A. Casseday, Esq., of Louisville, we were put in possession of two individuals in a more perfect state of preservation, and these, with some specimens since found by ourselves, have furnisEed the material from which we are enabled to add a new and interesting genus to the farail}' Blastoidea. Eleutherocrincs, Noi\ Gen. Agreeable to the plan pursued by Messrs. D'Koniiick and Le Hon, we give as the formula of the genus — Bufiul pin'ca, 3. — (hie small, two irregular and very much elongated. Radial picccx, 1 x i>- — -Four-forked, occupying nearly the whole length, one short and not forked. Interradial pieces, 1 X 5. — Small. Fseudoambulacral areas, 5. — Four linear extending nearly the entire length of the caly.K, one short, sub-triangular, situated on the summit plane. Column, none. Ovunal aj.>ertures, 8 (?) Generic characters. — The calyx is of an elliptical form, truncated at summit and sub-triangular at base. The base is very irregular in form, sub-triangular at its lower part, and pro- longed on one of its sides to a remarkable length, It consists of three pieces, one of which is small, lozenge-shaped ; the other two are precisely alike, very large and prolonged nearly to the middle of the cal^x. These latter pieces are joined together in the median line by a straight suture, with which their exter- nal edges are sub-parallel, except the inferior fifth, which exhibits a small angu- lar fold, directed obliquely forwards to articulate with the inferior edges of the single basal piece. The superior edge of this fold is also emarginated to receive the extremity of an elongated radial piece. Radial pieces. — Four are non-symmetrical, occupy nearly the entire length of the calyx, and are channelled almost to the base for the reception of the pseudo- ambulacraj. The middle -air alternate with the single basal, the exterior ones repose on the emarginated edges of the fold of the large basals. The fifth radial piece scarcely exceeds one-half the length of the others, though it is much wider. It rests on the upper edges of the large basals and between the superior half of two of the long radials. Its upper edge reaches to the level of the sum- mit plane. The surface is destitute of a pseudo-ambulacral groove. Interradial pieces, five, small, alternating with the radials. Three of them are somewhat lozenge-shaped ; two irregular in form, articulate, with the short radial piece. Fseudoambulacral areas, four are linear, commence at the central summit, open- ing and descend nearly to the base ; the fifth is triangular and lies horizontally on the summit jilane just within the edge of the short radial piece. Ovarial apertures. Only eight of tnese openings are visible in the specimens under examination ; two are situated at the extremity of each lozenge-shaped interradial, each pair being divided by a mesial se{)lum ; but at the extremity of each irregular interradial there is apparently merely a simple round opening without any visil)le septum. No anal opening is to be seen in our specimens. Moulh nearly central. Column. No trace of an aperture or articular facet exists at the base to indi- cate that the genus possessed a column. Electherochinos Cassed.\yi. Nov. sp. The body of this species is of an ellipsoidal form, truncated at summit, sub- triangulai below, and flattened on that portion of the circumference occupied by the large basals and short radial. The surface of all the principal pieces is marked with numerous delicate striaj, slightly tlexuous and running in a direc- tion nearly parallel with the edges. 185G.J - 75 Basal pieces. The outer long ones descend lower than the middle pair and tlie extremities of their pseudoambulacral lields are nearer the inferior extremi- ties of the pieces. Their internal limb is narrow, lanceolate and obliquely trun- cated above ; the external one is broadest, obtusch' triangular, and beni back- wards at nearly right angles, to unite with the long basals and short radial, form- ing with these a Hattened convex surface, whose transverse diameter equals the total width of the calyx. The middle pair, or those standing over the small basal, are more regular in form than the outer ones, their branches narrow and equal. Thp internal edges of all the branches of the long radial pieces are limit- ed by a fine carina, terminating below in a triangular projection, on which rest the extremity of a pseudoambulacral field. The lateral sutures are also marked by a fine carina. The short radial piece is sub-pentagonal and angulated in the middle ; its length and breadth about equal. Below it rests by a double con- cave edge on the extremities of the long basals ; the lateral edges are arched, the outline of the superior edge somewhat V-shaped. Interrad'ud pieces. The three regular ones are swelled and rounded at the apex, and terminate below in three salient angles ; the lateral edges are strongly crenulated. The irregular pieces are situated on either side of the short radial. They are scarcely more than half the width of the others, and only one of the lat- eral edges is crenulated. Pseudoambulacral areas. The four linear areas are convex, and project above the plane of the interradial plates. The pore pieces are transverse, sub-pentago- nal and finely crenulated at their internal edges. Their surfaces are deeply in- dented, and their number on each side of a field amounts to about thirty-five. The supplementary pore pieces are sub triangular and very minute. The fifth or anomalous area is small, triangular, and situated on the summit plane just within and a little below the superior edge of the short radial piece. The pore pieces are transverse, wide, and amount to about seven on each side of a field. Their form and that of the supplementary pore pieces cannot be well made out in the specimens on hand. The apertures situated at the extremities of the pieces amount to about fourteen for the entire field. The Eleulherocrinus Cassedayi is the only known species of the genus. References to Plate II. Fig. 1. Profile view of a specimen four times enlarged. 2. Opposite view of the same, exhibiting the form of the short radial, and the prolonged part of the long basals. 3. Basal view. 4. Summit view, showing the anomalous pseudo-ambulacral field. 5. A portion of one of the linear pseudo-ambulacral fields, very much enlarged. The report of the Corresponding Secretary for February and March was read and adopted. On motion of Dr. Elwyn, it was Resolved, That the members of the Methodist Conference, about to convene in this city, be invitrd to visit the Museum of the Academy on public days, during the session of the Conference. ELECTION. Mr. James E. Caldwell, Dr. Charles M. Cresson and Mr. A. J. Brasier, all of Philadelphia, were elected Mrmbers, and Dr. F. V. Hayden, of St. Louis, Mo., was elected a Correspondent. 76 [March, April \st. Mr. Orb, President, in the Cbair. Letters were read From the Iinpcri:il Society of Naturalists of Moscow, dated Feb. 17, 185(i, announcing the celebration of its semi-centennial anniversary. From Mr. J. H Ilauch, dated Burlington, Iowa, March 11, 185G, acknowledging the receipt ot his notice of election as a Corres- pondent. From the Lyceum of Natural History, of New York, dated March 20, 1856, acknowledging receipt of part 2, vol. 3, Lew series, of the Journal. From the Trustees of the New York State Library, dated Albany, ]\Iarch 26, 1856, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings of the Academy. From the University of Wurtzburg, dated Dscember 21, 1855, acknowledging the receipt of the Journal, vol. 3, part 1, and Proceed- ings, vol. 7, Nos. 2 — 7. From Mr. T. M. Peters, dated Moulton, Alabama, March 18, 1856, transmitting the donation to Museum, acknowledged this evening. From the Philadelphia Annual Conference of the Methodist Episco- pal Church, dated March 31, 1856, returning acknowledgments for the invitation from the Academy to visit the Museum. Dr. Leidy read a paper, for publication in the Proceedings, entitled " Notices of three extinct Fishes." Referred to Mr. I. Lea, Dr. Wil- son and Dr. Bridges. Mr. Lea presented a paper, intended for publication in the Journal, entitled " On the Sandstone Fossils of the Connecticut river, by James Deane, M. D. ;" which was referred to Mr. Lea, Dr. Leidy and Mr. Messehert. Mr. Lea also presented the following papers for publication in the Proceedings, viz : " Descriptions of new Fresh-water shells of Califor- nia," " Description of a new species of Triquetra Klein," and " Descrip- tion of a now genus of Naiades," all of which were referred to Dr. Bridges, Dr. Wilson and Mr. Ilunson. April 8th. Mr. Lea, Vice-President, in the Chair. Dr. Leidy presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, entitled " Notices of remains of extinct Mammalia discovered by Dr. F. V. riayden in Nebraska Territory;" which was referred to Dr. Wilson, Prof, llalderaan and Mr. Lesley. Mr. Cassin presented the following, which were unanimously adopted. Resolved, That the 7th vol., and so much as is published of the 8th vol. of the Proceedings of this Academy, and the last two Nos. of the Journal of the Academy, be presented to Sandwith Drinker, Esq., o Canton, China. 1856.] 77 Resolved, That so much 'as is published of the 8th vol. of the Pro- ceedings of this Academy and the last two Nos. of the Journal, be pre- sented to W. VV. Wood, Esq., of Manilla. April l^th. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair, Letters were read — Frum the Smithsonian Institution, dated Washington, March 1,1856, acknowledging reciipt of last No. of the Journal. From the American Antiquarian Society, dated Worcester, Mass., April 1st and 8th, 1856, ar.knowhdging receipt of Proceedings, vol. 7, ami No. 1, vol. 8, and transmitting in exchange their publications an- nounced this evening. From the Koyal Library of the University of Gottingen, dated 17th Dec, 1855 J From the University Library of Heidelberg, dated 8th Jan., 1856 ; From the University of Jena, dated 5th Jan., 1856; From the Natural History Society of Dantzic, dated 20th Dec, 1855; and From the Wurteraberg Natural History Society, dated 20th Dec, 1S55 ; severally acknowledging receipt of the Proceedings of the Academy. A paper was presented from Robert Kennicott, Esq., intended for pubiiciitiou in the Proceedings, entitled, " Description of a new Snake frjm Illinois j" which was referred to Dr. Hallowell, Dr. Leidy, and Dr. Coise. Dr. Leidy presented for publication in the Proceedings a paper en- titled, " Descriptions of thirty new species of Acephala and G.istero- poda from the Cretaceous formations of Nebraska Tc rritory, by F. B. Meek, ami F. V. Hayden, M. D." Referred to Mr. Le;., Dr. Leidy, and Dr. Hallowell, Dr. Leidy also presented for publication in the Proceedings the fol- lowing : " Notice of tlie Remains of a species of Seal from the Post-Pliocene Deposit of the Ottowa River, U. C" and "iNotices of several genera of extinct Mammalia previously less per- fectly characterized ;" both of which were refered to Dr. Le Conte, Mr. Lesley, and Mr. Vans. iVIr. Lea presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, entitled, " Descriptions of twenty five new species of Exotic Unioues." Referred to Dr. Wilson, Mr. Hansoo, and Dr. Bridges. Mr. Lea read some notes from a paper he is preparing for the Journal of the Academy on thr New Red Sandstone Formation of Pennsylvania, and stated that he had, during a,<\ excursion last i^ummer, found in the darli shales of that Formation, near Phoenixville, on the Schuylkill, the tooth of a Sauroid Reptile, which he thus characterised. 6 78 [April, Centemodon* sulcatus. Tooth smooth, rather thick, slightly curved, with trenchant edges, rounded on the exterior portion, sulcate on the lower part near the base, ccrered with very minute distinct stri?e from the point to the base, which strice cross the sulcations in slightly oblique lines. Length sixteen- twentieths of an inch, greatest breadth four twentieths of an inch ; pulp cavity large. On comparing this tooth with C/epsi/saurus Pe/wsi/lvanicus, which he had de- scribed from the same Red Sandstone Formation in Lehigh county, it will be found to differ very widely. The edge is not serrate on any part like that genus, nor is it so large or so attenuate. The form, too is more compressed. It differs from the teeth of Bathygnathus boreaUs, Leidy, from the New Red Sandstone of Nova Scotia, in size, being smaller and being more attenuate, as well as in having a trenchant smooth edge and not a serrate edge. It is about the size and approaches the form of Prof. Owen's figure of Labyrinthodon, plate 63, A. f. 2, of Odontographia, but it is more flattened. Mr. Lea als: stated that in thegreenish and blackish shales of the same locality he found two species of Posidonia, which genus is so characteristic of this portion of the formation and existing in immense quantities. As they seem to differ from that figured by Sir Charles Lyell, in his Elementaiy Geology, as coming from Oolitic coal shale of Richmond, Virginia, Mr. Lea proposed the names of P. ovata and P. parva, the first being about seven-twentieths of an inch in transverse diameter. The latter is more rotund, and about three-twentieths of an inch in transverse diameter, both being covered with numerous minute con- centric costffi over the whole disc. Near to this locality and superimposed, Mr. Lea obtained a specimen of impure dull red limestone, which contained, on a partially decomposed surface, im- pressions presenting the appearance of Foot-marks, somewhat like Chelkhnus Duncani, Owen, figured by Sir Wm. Jardine in his Ichnology, for which Mr. Lea proposed the provisional name of Chelkhnus Wymaniamis, after Professor Wj* man, of Cambridge, Mass. From the same formation and locality were procured the impressions of plants, some of which belong to the Conifera. One of the cones was nearly six inches long and full an inch wide. These were accompanied by other plants of very obscure character, covering large portions of the surface of some of the layers. Mr. Lea also mentioned that he had observed the same Red, Black and Gray Shales at Gwinnedd, on the North Pennsylvania Railroad, where he found the same Posidonicp, and some of the same obscure plants, impressions of which covered the surfaces of many of the rocks. A single specimen was obtained of a plant with long leaves some-whatrasemhling Xoeygerathia cuneifolia, Broguiart, which is from the Permian. In the Black Posidonia Shales was found a single Ganoid scale, which is more like Pyyopteris matidibitlaris, Agas. , from the Marl Slate (Lower Permian) than any other which had come under Mr. Lea's notice. There were other obscure forms observed, which have not yet been satisfactorily found to be analogous to any known forms, but which Mr. Lea hoped to be able to make out when he should figure all the specimens and describe them more at large for the Journal of the Academy. Jpril 2'ld. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. A paper was presented from J. S. Newberry, M. D., intended for pub- lication in the Proceedings, entitled, " Descriptions of several new * KivTM/za aculeus and hic,v( dens. 1856.] 79 penera and species of Fossil Fishes from the Carboniferous Strata of Ohio." Referred to Drs. Le Conte, Leidy, and Hallowell. Mr. Samuel Ashraead,in presenting the very fine collection of Marine Alga5 made by himself during the past winter at Key "West, Florida, stated that he was indebted to Prof. Bailey, of West Point, for his as- sistance in determining a number of the species. Vice President Bridges in the Chair. The Committees on Mr. Lea's papers, read 1st inst. ; on Dr. Lcidy's paper, read 8th inst.; on Mr. Kennicott's paper, read 15th inst; on a paper by Messrs. Meek and Hayden, read same date ; on Dr. Leidy's papers, of same date; on Mr. Lea's paper, of same date; and on Dr. Newberry's paper, read 22d inst.; severally reported in favor of publi- cation in the Proceedings. Description of a New Sub-Genus of Naiades. By Isaac Lea. Family NAIADES. Sub-genus Plagiodon. Testa ?equivalvis, insequilatera, oblique trigona, valde inflata ; dentibus cardi- nalibus crenulatis, compressis, transversis, curtis, in utraque valva duplicis ; dentibus lateralibus nullius ; ligamentum vix extrorsum ; impressio muscularis antica composita. This sub-genus is proposed forafluviatile shell, which is nearer to MonocondT/lcea, D'Orbigny, than to Margaritana, Schumacher ; and may be considered properly so interposed as a link to connect them. Plagiodon isocardiodes. Testa Iffivi. rotnndo-trigona, globosa, ventricosissima, ad lateris planulatis, valde inquilaterali, antice brevissima, umbonibus tuniidis, valvulis subtenuibus ; natibus valde elcvatis, incurvis, terminalis ; epidermide subrugosa, tenebroso- olivacea; dentibus cardinalibus crenulatis, compressis, transversis, curtis, in utraque valva duplicis ; margarita alba et iridescente. Hab. Rio Plata. Mr. E. Verreau, Paris. Description of a Ncio Species of Triquetra, Klein (Hyria, Lamarck.') By Isaac Lea. Triquetra lanceolata. Testa laevi, transversissimii, subcompressa, lanceolata, valde inequiTaterali? postice acuto-angulata : antice caudiitim producta ; valvulis crassis ; natil)us parvis, prominulis, ad quartam anteriorem partem positis ; epidermide striata, tenebroso-fusca ; dentibus cardinalibus subgrandibus crenulatisque j lateralibus praelongis rectisque ; margarita alba et argentea. Hab. China ? Mr. Asa Fitch. 80 [April Description of New Fresh xcaier Shells from CaHfornia. By Isaac Lea. Familj- LYMN^ANA. Genus Pompholyx. Testa rotundo-gibbosa, subtus retrorsa, superne planulata, non umbilicata; spira depressa, apertura amplissima, subrotuada, effusa ; labro acuto ; labio incrassato, planulato ; operculum nullum. PoMPHOLYX EFFUSA. Testa parva, striata, rotundo-gibbosa, subtenul, efFusa, luteo-cornea; anfractibus trinis, superne planulatis, inferne convexis ; apertura subrotunda, dilatata, intus albida, maculata. Hah. Sacramento River, California. Dr. Trask. Melania Shastaensis. Testa striata, subcjlindracea, subtenui, tenebroso- cornea, fasciata ; spira elevata ad apice plicata ; suturis valde impressis ; an- fractibus convexis ; apertura parva, ovata, intus albida; columella laevi, incur vata et recurvata. Uah. Shasta and Scott Rivers, California. Dr. Trask. Melania niguixa. Testa lasvi, parva, conica, sublenui, nigricanti, polita ; spira subelevata ; suturis impressis ; anfractibus regulariter convexis ; apertura parva, ovata, superne angulata', intus tenebroso-purpurea; columella iucurva, purpurea. Uah. Clear Creek, Shasta County, California. Dr. Trask. Physa triticea. Testa subfusiformi, pellucida, polita, rufo-castanea ; spira brevi, subacuta ; suturis subimpressis ; anfractibus quaternis, subconstrictis ; apertura elongata, intus lineata. Hah. Shasta County, California. Dr. Trask. Planorbis Traskii. Testa magna, tenebroso-cornea, subcylindracea, minute, crebre et regulariter striata, superne late et profunditer umbilicata ; inferne magis excavata ; anfractibus quinis, superne acute carinata ad peripheriam, in- ferne obtuse carinata ; apertura auriculseformi. Hah. Kern Lake, Tulan County, California. Dr. Trask. Lymn>ea proxima. Testa acuto-conica, subtenui, crebre et irregulariter striata, cornea, minute perforata; spira subelevata, ad apicem acuminata ; suturis valde impressis; anfractibus septenis, convexis; apertura subiuflata, subelliptica, intus fasciata, columella paulo plicata. Hah. Arroya San Antonio, California. Dr. Trask. Ancylus patelloides. Testa magna, crassa, elliptica, maculata, oblique conica ; striis crebris, minutis ; apice submediali. Hah. Sacramento River, California. Dr. Trask. The following species, heretofore described, were part of the " envoi " made by Dr. Trask. Margaritana margaridfera^ Lea. Alas.falcata, Gould. Alas. Yitho'vsis, Trask. From Klamath and Yuba Rivers. I received specimens of this shell from Prof. Xuttall in 1837, brought by him from Columbia River. I thought then, and I still think, there were not characters sufficiently distinct in them to form a new species. The observations published at the time (Tran. Am. Phil. Soc. v. 6, p. 97) are still in accordance with my opinions, after having had many specimens from various localities under exami- nation The purple in the nacre is stronger than any I have seen from other localities, but this with the other differences would not I think warrant its being considered more than a mere variety of M. margaritifera. 1856.] 81 Anodonta WaMamatsnsis, Lea. Tr. Am. P. S.v. 6, p. 78.=.4. iriangulata, Trask. A. roliindovata, Trask. From Sacramento River. Anodonta angulata. Lea. Tr. Am. P. S. v. 6, p. 97.=.4. feminalis, Gould. A. Randall), Trask. From upper San Joaquin. Helix Oreffonensis, Lea. Trans. Am. P. S. v. 6, p. 100. Point Cypress, Monterey County. Jlelix Nickliniana, Lea. Trans. Am. P. S. v. 6, p. 100. Tomales Bay and , Deadman's Island. Helix CaUforniensis, Lea. Trans. Am. P. S. v. 6, p. 99. Point Cypress, Monterey County. Lt/mneea exigua, Lea. Trans. Am. P. S. t. 9, obs. v. 3. San Antonio Arroya. Lt/mncea pallida, Adams. Journal Boston Nat. Hist. See. v. 3. San Antonio Arroj'a. Physa heterosfropha, Say. Nicholson's Ency. Am. Edition. Los Angeles. Melania occata, Hinds. Voy. of the Sulphur, pi. 15, f. 5. Sacramento River. 3Ielania scminalis, (Faludina, Hinds.) Voy. Sulphur, pi. 16, fig. 22. Sacra- mento River. Planorbis (rivoli.s, Say. Nicholson's Ency. Am. Ed. Hern Lake. Slightly varies from the Michigan specimens. Planorbis ammon, Gould. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. v. 5, p. 129. Lagoons, Sacramento Valley. Descriptions of twenty-eight new species of AcephaJa and one Gasteropod, from the Cretaceous formations of Nebraska Territory. By F. B. Meek and F. V. Hayden, M. D. Pholadomya undata. Shell oval or ovate, moderately ventricose, anterior end rounded, posterior extremity rounded chiefly from below, cardinal border nearly straight ; base somewhat broadly curved ; beaks rather elevated, incurved, placed between the centre and the anterior end ; surface (of cast) ornamented by numerous, regular, distinct, concentric undulations, which are crossed by much smaller radiating costse, scarcely marked in the depressions between. Length about one inch. As we have not seen the hinge of this species, we refer it with doubt to the above genus. The radiating costaj are about equal, the spaces between, and in consequence of being marked only on the concentric undulations, and not in the intermediate depressions, furnish a character by which even fragments of the species may be at once identified. Locality and position. Mouth of Judith River, in a sandstone supposed to be same as No. 1 of the series. GoNiOMYA AMERICANA. Our Specimens of this interesting shell are too imper- fect to give a clear idea of its form, though the direction of the lines of growth indicate an oblong or very narrow oval outline, with a narrowly rounded ante- rior and subtruncate posterior. Laterally the valves must have been considerably compressed. The beaks are small, not much elevated, and placed in advance of the centre. On the two extremities the costse, which are quite distinct, tra- verse the shell obliquely backwards from near the hinge to the base, while those originating immediately in front and behind the beaks, converge and meet at various distances down the sides of the shell, so as to form arched or convex angles of from 20° to 30°. Surface ornamented bj' fine irregular lines of growth, crossed by regular, equi-distant, radiating rows of minute transparent granules, placed at regular distances from each other. These granules are so small as to be scarcely visible without the aid of a strong magnifier, under which they look like minute drops of melted amber. In its surface markings this species resembles G. Dubois of Prof. Agassiz, (^Eludes critiques sur les Moliusques fossiles, tab. 1.) but in our species the con- verging costa; continue to meet at the same acute angles as far as they can be traced towards the points of the beaks, while on the beaks of G. Dubois and 82 [April, other.allied species, these angles are truacated, and the opposite costae united by horizontal bars. Perfect specimens would probably shovr other differences. This is, we believe, the first species of this genus found in America. According to Prof. Bvonn, (Index Palaion(olofficus,) five species have been hitherto described from the whole cretaceous sj^stem, two of which were from the Neocomien, two from the green sand, and one from the true chalk. Locality and position. Moreau Trading Post, No. 5 of the series. SoLEN SUBPLICATUS. Shell very thin and fragile, elongated, cardinal and basal margins straight and parallel ; buccal extremity obliquely truncate, anal end rounded from below, both ends gaping ; beaks nearly at the anterior extremity, not distinct from nor rising above the hinge line. Six to eight broadly rounded, very faint plications radiate from behind the beaks obliquely backwards to the posterior margin, to which they appear to have imparted a slightly waved out- line ; surface marked with faint lines of growth, and minute transverse closely arranged striae, which do not radiate from the beaks, but traverse the shell at right angles to its longitudinal diameter. Length 1-15 inches ; breadth -26 inch ; heiglit '42 inch. The fine transverse striae on this shell are only visible under a high magnify- ing power, and appear to have been as well marked on the inside as on the ex- terior, distinct impressions of them being left on internal cast. Locality aiid position. Moreau river, No. 5 of the series. Tellina gracilis. Shell elliptical, moderately compressed, extremely thin and fragile ; buccal margin rounded ; posterior end contracted, subtruncate, and having a broad obsolete ridge passing from the beaks obliquely backwards to the postero-basal margin ; cardinal border convex before and concave behind the beaks ; lower border forming a regular elliptical curve ; beaks rather de- pressed, and located a little behind the centre; surface marked with fine lines of growth. Length -90 inch ; breadth of left valve -IT inch ; height -60 inch. The above description is made out from a single left valve, so attached to the matrix as to show only external characters. Locality and position. Mouth of the Judith, in a sandstone supposed to be the same as No. 1 of the series. Tellina eqoilateralis. Shell elliptical, compressed, moderately thick, ex- tremities rounded ; anterior end slightly broader than the posterior ; beaks small, not elevated, located a little in advance of the middle ; surface marked with fine 'regular concentric lines. Length of right valve 1-15 inches ; breadth -12 inch ; height "57 inch. We have of this species but one right valve, showing none of its internal characters. The position of its beaks, as well as its much greater thickness, preclude the idea of its being an opposite valve of the last. Locality and position. Same as preceding. Tellina ? Cheyenensis. Shell ovate, compressed, very thin ; anterior extre- mity rounded ; posterior end subtruncate or rounded from above, and very obtusely angular below ; base forming an elliptic curve ; beaks somewhat elevated, placed a little in advance of the middle, surface ornamented with fine Hues of growth and numerous small regular concentric wrinkles, becoming mere lines near the beaks and on the extremities. Length -88 inch ; breadth -36 inch ; height -61 inch. We have only seen the outside of this specimen. Locality and position. Forks of Cheyenne River, No. 4 of the series. Tellina scitdla. Shell elliptical, small, thin, much compressed, curved so as to be convex on the left, and slightly concave on the right sides ; extremities narrowly rounded, the anterior end being wider than the posterior; beaks small, nearly central ; base forming a regular elliptic curve ; surface polished, and marked with distinct lines of growth. Length -50 inch ; breadth -13 inch ; height •30 inch. Locality and position. Moreau River, No. 5 of series. 1856.] 83 Tellisa subelliptica. Shell small, ovate or elliptical, thin, mnch compressed ; anterior extremity rounded; posterior end somewhat rounded or subtruncate ; beaks small, not much elevated, a little in advance of the centre; surface' rather faintly marked with fine lines of growth. Length -50 inch; breadth -12 inch ; height -32 inch. This species is chiefly distinguished from the last by its more broadly rounded extremities, less distinct lines of growth, and greater thickness. Locality and position. Cherry Creek, Upper part of No. 5 of the series. Tellina PttOUTt. Shell ovate, much compressed, very thin and fragile ; ex- tremities rounded : posterior cnu somewhat contracted, and having a broad, indistinct ridge passing from the beaks obliquely backwards to the postero- inferior margin, the outline of which it may have slightly modified ; cardinal border convex before, and concave behind the beaks ; umbones nearly central, elevated, somewhat gibbous, closely approximate ; surface ornamented with fine but distinct lines of growth ; internal laminaj of the shell marked with faint, very fine radiating lines ; sinus of the palleal impression oblong, obtuse or sub- truncate at the extremity, about one-third the length of the shell. Length 2*42 inches; breadth -83 inch ; height 1-GO inches. We have not seen the hinge of this shell. The species is dedicated to Dr. H. A. Prout, of St. Louis, Missouri, to whom we are indebted for the only speci- men we have seen. Locality and position. Fort Benton, No. 4 of the series, Cytherea Deweyi. Shell subcircular or slightly oval, somewhat compressed; beaks moderately elevated, a little in advance of the centre ; surface ornamented by distinct irregular lines of growth ; lunule small, narrow, oval or broad lan- ceolate, not very distinctly impressed ; muscular impressions shallow, anterior one narrow ovate ; posterior broad ovate, acutely angular above ; palleal im- pression having a rather deep triangular sinus, forming at the ajiex an angle of 55°; border smooth. Length -96 inch ; breadth -51 inch ; height "85 inch. Specimens slightly more elongated, but apparently identical with this, occur on the Yellow-stone River in a bed we have considered the upper part of No. 4, but which may represent No. 5. This species is dedicated to Prof. Chester Dewey, of Rochester University, N. Y. Locality and position. Moreau River, No. 5 of the series. Cytherea Nebrascensis. Shell subcircular, much compressed ; beaks somewhat elevated, small, a little in advance of the centre ; ligamentary cavity long and very narrow lanceolate ; surface marked with rather faint lines of growth. Length •VO inch ; breadth -28 inch ; height -GO inch. The much more compressed form of this shell will serve to distinguish it at once from the last. Locality and position. Same as preceding. CoRBULA VE?iTRicosA. Shell Small, very thin, subglobose, nearly equivalve ; anterior end broadly rounded ; posterior extremity abruptly contracted into a narrow prolongation ; beaks elevated, ventricose, a little behind the centre of the globose part of the shell; surface marked with distinct irregular lines of growth ; cardinal tooth of right valve prominent, flattened ; posterior muscular impression deep ; palleal impression having a broad triangular sinus. Length •55 inch ; breadth -26 inch ; height -27 inch. Locality and position. Same as last. CoRBULA MoREAUENSis. Shell Small, subovate, ventricose, rounded in front, suddenly contracted and somewhat attenuate behind ; beaks prominent, situated behind the middle of the broadest part of the shell, rather inclined backwards ; surface ornamented with strong, regular, elevated concentric lines, nearly equal- ling the spaces between. Length about -27 inch ; breadth -10 inch ; height '16 inch. We have not yet seen the left valve of this shell, nor the interior of the right, 84 [April, from which the above description is made out. The species may be distin- guished from the hist by its much stronger and more regular concentric lines. Locality and position. Same as last. CoRBULA? GREGARiA. Shell Very small, somewhat triangular, subglobose ; right valve more ventricose than the left ; beaks nearly central, gibbous, that of the I'ight valve elevated considerably above the left, incurved ; surfiice polished and marked with a few faint, irregular, concentric Avrinkles, indicating stages of growth ; hinge having under the beaks a single prominent tooth in each valve ; anterior muscular attachment indistinct, posterior raised upon a strongly pro- jecting lamina; palleal impressions scarcely sinuous. Length -13 inch ; breadth •10 inch; lieight -13 inch. It is with much doubt we refer this little shell to the genus Corbvla. In the inequality of its valves, as well as in the character of its hinge, it agrees ex- actly with that genus, but we have seen no species of Corhula having either of the muscular attachments raised upon a projecting plate, as in this shell. In this respect it is more like Cordilla of Deshays, but it appears to want the spoon shaped projection of the hinge of that genus ; and it is the posterior, instead of the anterior muscular attachment that here forms a projecting plate. We sus pect it belongs to an undescribed genus. Locality and position. Yellow-stone River, one hundred and fifty miles from mouth, where it is found in vast numbers compacted together in concretions, in the upper part of No. 4 of the series. AsTARTE GREGARIA. Shell Small, subtriangular, rounded below and at the extremities, nearly equilateral, valves moderately convex ; beaks much elevated, rather pointed, incurved, approximate, slightly turned forward ; escutcheon narrow lanceolate ; lunule somewhat broadly lanceolate or narrow ovate, not very distinctly impressed ; surface ornamented by small, but distinct con- centric undulations, and much finer lines of growth ; border smooth ; muscular impressions shallow. Length -21 inch ; breadth -14 inch ; height -21 inch. Locality and position. Yellow stone River, from a bed probably near the top of No. 4, if not in No. 5 of the series. Abundant. NocDLA sciTULA. Shell ovate, rather ventricose, rounded in front, somewhat contracted and narrowly rounded behind ; umboual region gibbous ; beaks prominent, incurved, approximate, located in advance of the middle ; surface marked with distinctly elevated, regular concentric lines, about equal to the spaces between, and stronger on the middle than towards the extremities of the valves ; dorsal border marked by a distinct longitudinal groove behind the beaks. Length -39 inch ; breadth -21 inch ; height -22 inch. From N. ventricosa of Hall and Meek, (see vol. 5, new series. Trans. Am. Acad. Arts and Sciences,) to which it bears some resemblance, this may be distin- guished by its beaks being located nearer the anterior end, and by its larger size and comparatively smaller concentric lines. Locality and position. Moreau River, No. 5 of the series. Ndcdla Evansi. Shell elongate, narrow elliptical, thin, moderately convex ; cardinal margin nearly straight, marked with a distinct longitudinal groove on each valve ; extremities rounded, posterior end compressed and slightly gaping; inferior border forming an elliptical curve, with sometimes a fiiint impression near the middle; beaks very small, not much elevated, located in advance of the centre ; surface polished and marked with faint lines of growth ; muscular impressions indistinct ; teeth of the hinge numerous, closely interlocked. Length •72 inch ; breadth -22 inch ; height -32 inch. Dedicated to Dr. John Evans, U. S. Geologist of Oregon Territory. Locality and position. Moreau River, No. 5 of the series. NucuLA EQuiLATERALis. Our Specimens of this shell are only casts. The species may be characterized as follows : subelliptical, rather convex ; extremi- ties narrowly rounded ; beaks central, somewhat elevated ; umbonal region gib- bous; muscular impressions comparatively large, distinct, but not deep; border 1856.] 85 smooth ; teeth of the hingje numerous, short, obtuse, closely interlocking. Length •64 inch ; breadth -21 inch ; height -25 inch. Even casts of this species maj- always be known from the last, by the central position of the beaks and more narrowly rounded extremities. Locality and position. Same as last. Nucni-A SUBPLANA. Shell small, oral, compressed ; anterior end obliquely subtruncate from the beaks a little more than half way down; posterior ond round, base broadly rounded ; beaks prominent, compressed, located about half way between the centre and the anterior end ; surface (of cast) having a few faint indications of concentric undulations ; teeth of hinge moderately long ; border smooth. Length -25 inch ; breadth -09 inch ; height -20 inch. Of this little Nucula we have only seen casts. It may be known from other species from these formations by its short compressed form and elevated beaks. It is rare. Locality and position. Yellow-stone River, one hundred and fifty miles above mouth, in a bed supposed to be upper part of No. 4 of series. NuccLA CANCELLATA. Shell rather large and thick, ovate or subtriangular, ventricose, pearly within ; anterior end short, obliquely truncate, posterior end longer, narrowly rounded ; umbonal region gibbous ; beaks somewhat elevated, slightly incurved ; escutcheon lanceolate ; lunule ovate, flattened, but scarcely impressed ; surface ornamented by numerous flatlj^ rounded, simple, closely ar- ranged, radiating costs, which are crossed by small, irregular, concentric wrinkles, and finer indistinct lines of growth ; border neatly crenulated. Length •93 inch ; breadth -50 inch ; height -65 inch This beautiful Nucula resembles in its surface markings N. pectenata of Sow- erby, (Min. Conch, vol. 2, page 209, fig. 6, V,) but differs in the form and depth of its lunule, which is rather narrow ovate and ver}' shallow, while in Sowerby's species it is distinctly cordate and deeply impressed. The muscular impressions, though large, are much more shallow than in N. pectenata. The radiating costee of our species become obsolete on the lunule and escutcheon, and are about five times as broad as the grooves between, near the border. The anterior muscular impression is bordered by a distinct ridge, which extends nearly up to the beaks. ' Locality and position. Moreau River, No. 5 of the series. Nucula planomarginata. Shell ovate, somewhat compressed, pearly within ; anterior end very short, obliquely truncate ; posterior end long and narrowly rounded, dorsal and ventral margins forming, from the beaks backwards, ellip- tical curves ; beaks much elevated ; surface unknown ; muscular impressions faint ; border smooth. Length -95 inch ; height •GO inch ; breadth -26 inch. We have only seen internal casts of this species, the shell being always left adhering to the matrix, from which we infer the surface was ornately marked. It may be at once distinguished from the last by its more compressed form and smooth border. Locality and position. Same as last. Pectcnculina parvula. Shell very small, obliquely oval, somewhat com- pressed, inequilateral ; buccal end and base rounded ; anal extremity rounded and slightly extended obliquely downwards ; cardinal border short, and having a narrow, well defined, longitudinally striate area on each valve ; beaks small, not much elevated, about midway between the centre and the anterior end ; surface polished and marked with lines of growth, sometimes crossed by faint indications of radiating costae ; hinge having in each valve three or four teeth on each side of the central triangular ligamentary pit ; interior marked with faint radiating grooves terminating in distinct crenulations at the border. Length •18 inch ; breadth -10 inch ; height •IS inch. This little shell might, upon a hasty examination, be mistaken for Cardium varum, (Evans and Shumards unpublished MS.), but it possesses all the cha- racters of the above genus. The shell is often so translucent that the internal radiating grooves are seen through it. Locality and position. Yellow-stone River, No. 5 of the series. 86 [April, Arca (cucull/Ea) cordata. Shell thick and strong, subovate, somewhat triangular or cordiform, very ventricose, abruptly rounded before, obliquely subtruncate behind, and forming a broad curve below; uniboncs gibbous, much elevated, incurved, located near the anterior end ; ligamentary area very short, deeply excavated, grooved and finely striated longitudinally ; surface marked with strong imbricating lines of growth and indistinct radiating costffi. Length 2-03 inches; breadth 1-77 inches ; height 1-9G inches. Length of ligamentary area 1-25 inches ; breadth of do. -30 inches. This species, in its thickness and general appearance, approaches Cucullcea Ifebrascensis, (Owen,) but may be distinguished by its shorter buccal extremity, more elevated, approximate and incurved beaks, and especially by its much shorter and narrower ligamentary area. There is in our specimen a distinct sulcus starting from before the beak of each valve, and extending obliquely downwards to a point a little behind the middle of the shell, where it dies out before reaching the border. When viewed on either end, this shell presents a beautiful cordate form. Locality and position. Moreau Trading Post, No. 5 of series. Arca (cucdll/Ea) Shumardi. Shell oval, ovate, somewhat globose, rather thin, obliquely subtruncate behind, rounded before, and forming an elliptic curve below ; umbones very gibbous, oblique, moderately elevated, incurved, and located a little in advance of the centre ; surface ornamented by distinct lines of growth, crossed by numerous, rather indistinct radiating costaj ; ligamentary area straight, narrow, moderately excavated, grooved and striated longitu- dinalljr ; hinge having in each valve three or four transversely striated, oblique, lateral teeth on each side, and small, irregular, intermediate transverse ones in the centre ; border smooth. Length (specimen about four times the medium size) 1'67 inches; breadth 1-28 inches; height 1-40 inches. This is one of the most abundant and beautiful bivalves found in the creta- ceous rocks of the upper Missouri country. It varies much in form, some of the specimens being more nearly of an ovate form, in consequence of the anal region being extended, and the beaks more oblique, while others are shorter and more rotund. These two forms are quite well enough marked to constitute a specific distinction, if they were not connected by numerous intermediate ones. As these differences are not due to age or size, we are inclined to regard them as sexual. In old shells the radiating costas are usually obsolete. In some specimens a single raised line maj' be seen passing from behind the beak of the right valve to the posterior border, following the direction of the raised edge of the poste- rior muscular impression. This is rarely seen on the left valve. We dedicate the species to Dr. B. F. Shumard, of St. Louis, Missouri. Locality and position. Same as last. Mytilus attexuatus. Shell much elongated, slightly arcuate ; extremities compressed and rounded ; anterior end narrow ; beaks nearly terminal ; surface (of cast) faintly marked with lines of growth. Length 1-90 inches ; breadth -50 inch ; height -50 inch. From M. Galpiniamts and M. Meckii, (Evans and Shumard,) this species may be known by its much greater proportional length and less gibbous beaks. Having only seen casts, we know nothing of its surface markings. Locality and position. Same as last. Aaicula? fibrosa. Shell ovate, subtriangular, very oblique, pointed at the beaks, somewhat rounded below; beaks small, acute, placed at the anterior ex- tremity, and scarcely rising above the hinge ; right and left valves alike, con- vexly arched from the beaks to the base ; posterior wing somewhat flattened and apparently broadly rounded ; surAxce ornamented by strong, rounded, radi- ating plications, which bifurcate very irregularly, and are crossed bj' strong concentric undulations, so as to give the surface, which is otherwise smooth, a subnodose appearance. Some of our specimens must have been as much as two inches in length when perfect. 1856.] 87 It is with much doubt we place this shell in the above genus, as we have in none of our specimens seen any indications of an anterior wing. It is also worthy of note, that the substance of the shell is composed of an internal lamellar, and an external fibrous portion, like Finna, from which, however, it differs in having a posterior wing-like expansion. The radiating costae are faint or wanting on the wing. Locality and position. Forks of Cheyenne River, No. 4 of series. Inoceramus ventricosus. Shell ovate, oval or oblong, extremely inflated, very thin and fragile, structure entirely fibrous ; cardinal border straight ; ante- rior end rounded, posterior end apparently' subtruncate, base broadly curved ; umbonal region remarkably gibbous ; beaks oblique, located at the anterior extremity ; surface marked with fine regular imbricating lines of growth, and occasionally with a few faint irregular con' entric undulations. Length about 4-30 inches ; breadth (of right valve) I'TO inches ; height 2-T5 inches. Thickness of thickest part of shell, near the hinge, -12 inch ; do. of thinnest part near border •03 of an inch. The most striking characteristics of this species are its remarkably ventricose form, extreme thinness and entirely fibrous structure, there being no internal lamellar portion, as is generally the case in this genus. In our specimens the calcareous matter has been replaced by ferruginous and silicious matter, so as to preserve the original structure of the shell perfectly. If the left valve is as gibbous as the right, the transverse diameter of the shell must be considerably greater than its height. The beak of one of our specimens appears to have been truncated. We have only seen right valves. Locality and position. Mouth of Judith River, in sandstone, supposed to be the same as No. 1 of the series. Pecten Nebrascensi.s. Superior valve suborbicular, moderately compressed, ornamented by twelve to fifteen strongly elevated costae about equal to the spaces between ; surface marked with very fine, closely arranged concentric lines, crossed by equally fine crowded radiating striie ; buccal ear (imperfect in our specimens) apparently triangular, rather distinctly marked with radiating costae, crossed by concentric striie stronger than on the body of th« valve ; aunal ear smaller, triangular, concave on the margin, and marked with distinct concen- tric lines. Length and breadth -49 inch. From F. venustus of Dr. Morton, (Synopsis, pi. 5, fig. 5,) to which this species appears to be closely allied, it may be distinguished by the fine radiating striae. In some of the specimens the costaj occasionally bifurcate, while the radiating strife never run exactly parallel to the costae, but pass very obliquely along their sides. These striae are so fine as to be invisible without the aid of a lens. We have not seen the inferior valve. Locality and position. Yellow-stone River, one hundred and fifty miles from its mouth, in a bed supposed to represent No. 5 of the series. Natica subcrassa. Sh^ll obliquely oval or oblong, thick ; spire rather short ; volutions three to three and a half, convex ; suture distinct or somewhat grooved ; surface marked with strong lines of growth, which rise, on the body whorl, into distinct imbricating wrinkles ; outer lip bevelled ; inner lip rather thick, and nearly covering the small umbilicus ; aperture ovate, oval, or elliptical, nearly as obtusely rounded above as below. Length -95 inch ; breadth -87 inch ; apical angle about 93°. It is possible there may have been other surface markings than those men- tioned above, as all our specimens are so worn that fine lines would have been obliterated, had they existed. The species may be known from those found in the higher members of the series in this region, by its stronger lines of growth, and greater thickness. Locality aiid position. Mouth of Judith River, from a sandstone supposed to be the same as No. 1 of the series, where it is associated with Tellina gracilis, and T. equilateralis. 88 [April, Notices of Remains of Extinct Mam-naUa, discovered hy Dr. F. V. Hayden, in Nebraska Territory. Bj Joseph Leidy, M D. PACHYDERMATA. 1. Leptochokrus spectabilis, Leidy. The genus and species are proposed upon a small frag:ment of the lower jaw of an apparent suilHne animal, containing two molar teeth, which appear to be the first and second true molars. The crowns of these teeth have the general form of the correspondi^.g ones of the Peccary, and they are composed of four tubercles or lobes confluent into a thick base, with a ridge anteriorly and pos- teriorly, and between the outer lobes externally. Of the four lobes that postero- internal is the largest, the external pair are nearly equal, and the antero-internal one is smallest. The inner lobes are trilateral, and the outer ones are much like the corresponding lobes of ruminants. The aims of the crescentoid summits of the outer lobes join the inner lobes ; that most anteriorly joining the antero-iii- ternal lobe, while the other three join the postero-internal lobe. Antero- posterior diameter of first true molar 2i lines. Transverse, do. do. do. 2 " Antero-posterior, do. second do. 3 " Transverse, do. do. do. 2j " Discovered in the Mauvaises Terres of Nebraska. RUMINANTIA. 2. Leptaochbnia decora, Leidy. In Dr. Hayden's collection there are several specimens from the valley of White River, Nebraska, consisting of fragments of upper and lower jaws with teeth, which belonged to a ruminating animal allied to the Camel. One of the fragments contains the left superior true molars and the last pre- molar. The true molars have their crowns more nearly square than in either the Camel or Lama, and the anterior folds of their outer lobes are produced rela- tively much more outwardly and forwards than in either of the latter. The surfaces between the folds are concave and directed much more obliquely back- ward than in the Camel. The last premolar is bilobed and holds the same relation of position of its outer face to the true molars as in the Camel. In several fragments of lower jaws containing the last two true molars, and in another with the anterior two true molars, these teeth have a strong resem- blance to the corrt-sponding teeth of the Camel. Another fragment of a lower jiw discovered by Dr. Hayden, on Bear Creek, Nebraska, appears to belong to the same animal as the former, though this may not be the fact. It contains the alveoli for three incisors, a canine, and three premolars. The incisive alveoli are in close relationship as in the Lama. Tne canine is separated from the former by a hiatus of less than one line, and it has nearly the form of the corresponding tooth in the Camel. Posterior to the canine and separated from it by a hiatus of less than two lines, there is a portion of the first premolar, which appears to have had nearly the same form as the canine. The succeeding two premolars are separated from the first by a hiatus of a little more than four lines. These are inserted by two fangs, are in close contiguity, and have broad, laterally compressed, pyramidal crowns, bearing considerable resemblance to the premolars of the Musks. Length of series of upper true molars and last premolar Antero-posterior diameter of second true molar Transverse do. do. Length of series of lower true molars Antero-posterior diameter of last true molar . Depth of lower jaw below do. Depth of lower jaw below second premolar . Breadth of crown of third premolar Breadth of crown of second premolar . 5 do. . 5^ do. . 15f do. . 7 do. 11 do. 10 do. 4i do. 4 do. 1856.] 89 CETACEA HERBIVORA. 3. TscHYROTHERiUM ANTiQUUS, Leidy. This genus and species are proposed upon numerous fragments of bones, con- sisliugottwo vertebral bodies, the half of h ihinl specimen, several transverse pro- cessi^s, and portions of ribs, discovered ny Dr. Hayden, in an out-Iyer of a lignite formation, between the Moreau and Grand rivers, Nebraska. The bones are as dense and heavy as those of tUaiiutin-, to which the genus ap- pears to be most nearly allied. The vertebral bodies, apparently posterior dorsal, are transversely oval in outline, and are perforated at the sides and lower pan by large canals converging towards their centre. The anterior and posterior articular surfaces are slightly depressed, as are also the sides of tht body. The upper part of the latter, on each side of the position of the spinal canal, presents a large, rujfged concavity, about an inch and a quarter in diameter, aj jiarently for articnlating with the transverse processes. These latter are antero-posieriorly flattened, cylindrical and curved. Their vertebral extremity is furni^h^d with a convex rugi^ed surface, corresponding to the concavities on the vertebral bodies, and above this surface is a smooth one forciing the side of the ventbral canal, and overhung by an abutment fv the articular and spinous processes. The ribs are cylindroid and tapering towards the broken ends of the speci- mens, and they are quite as uense in structure as those of Manafus. Length of vertebral bodies ... 1^ inches. Transverse didineter of do. . . . 2f " "Vertical do. do. . . . 2 " RODENTIA. 4. Steneofiber nebeascensis, Leidy. This species is established upon several specimens, consisting of a much mu- tilated skull and several fragments of upper a'ld lower jaws with teeth. The skull i^ppears to have the same form as that of Steneofiber viciacensis, but is be- tween a fourth and third less in size. The dental formula is the same as in the lat- 1 — 1 4—4 ter, that is, in. m = 20. The molar teeth resemble those of S. 1_1 4—4 viciacensis. L-^ngth of skull of per malar series ... 7 lines. Length of lower molar series . . . 8 " From the valley of Wuite River, Nebraska. 5. IsCHYROMYS TYPUS, Leidy. A new genus and species estatlished upon the greater portion of a skull and two fragmeais of lower jaws. Tbe cranium bears considerable resem- blance of form to that of Steneofiber. Foriuula of dentition as follows : — 1 — 1 5—5 in. m. = 22. The molars have cuboidal crowns and are in- 1—1 4—4 serte I by distinct fangg. The upper ones bear some resemblance to those of Aretomy» ; but the lower ones are more like those above. Esnmated length of skull . . . 2| inches. Length of upper molar series ... 7^ lines. Length of lower molar series . . . 8 "} From the Bad Lauds of Nebraska. 6. Palabolagus Haydeni, Leidy. The genus and species are founded upon numerous small fragments of jaws, containing molar teeth, of a rodent allied to the Hires. The formula of the 6 6 molar dentition is the same as in the latter, . The molars are con- 5—5 90 [April, structed like those of the Flares. The first inferior rmlar is bi-lobed and not tri- lobed as in the bitter The number of incisors cannot be ascertained in the specimens. Those inferior have miuh longer roots than ia the Hares, as they extend buck beneath the molar teeth. Length of superior molar series 4^ lines, G lines, 7 lines. Length of inferior molar a Ties 5 lines, 8 lines. Found in the Mauvaises Terres of Nebraska. T. EuMYS ELEQANS, Leidj. The genus and species are founded upon a fragment of the lower jaw, con- taining the middle molar, and the fangs of two others. The estimated size of the skull would be about that of the Rat, (^Mus decumanus), and the animal also appears to belong to the same family. The molar series of the lower jaw consists of three teeth, and they have exserted crowns inserted by distinct roots. Length of lower molar series, ----- 3| lines. Depth of lower jaw below middle molar, - - - 2| lines. Discovered in the Mauvaises Terres of Nebraska. CARNIVORA. 8. Amphicyon ? GRACILIS, Leidy. A small species of this genus is probably indicated by a specimen in Dr. Hayden's collection, consisting of a fragment of the lower jaw containing two teeth, of which one corresponds in form with the antepenultimate molar of Amphicyon m ijor DeBl. or of A. veUia Leidy, and the other, being the tooth in advance, has nearly the same form as the corresponding tooth in the wolf. The length of the crown of the antepenultimate tooth is 2| lines, its breadth 4J lines; and the depth of the lower jaw is 5 lines. The specimen was discovered by Dr. Hayden, in association with remains of AnchUherium, Ilyopotamus, Hyaenodon, etc. in Nebraska. Notice of the remains of a species of Seal, from the Post-pliocene deposit of the Ottawa River. By Joseph Leidy, M. D. E. Billings, Esq., of Ottawa, West Canada, recently sent to the Academy, for the inspection of its members and for description, a specimen consisting of a slab or portion of a concretion of indurated clay, containing sofne imbedded bones, which Mr. B. observes, in a letter accompanying the specimen, " appear to him to be those of the extremities of a small animal of aquatic habit." Mr. B. further states, " the specimen was discovered by Mr. Peter McArthur, in a bed of bin } clay containing boulders and marine shells and fishes. The locality is in the township of Gloucester, county of Carleton, Canada West, about nine miles east of the city of Ottawa. From this city the river Ottawa runs easterly for about sixty miles, in a channel excavated through a bed of the glacial drift, composed in some places of clay, and in others of sand, gravel and boulders. Where the specimen was discovered, the bank of the river is of clay about thirty feet high, at the time of low water. The water washes out of the bank nume- rous nodules of the clay, which are consolidated into a pretty hard kind of stone. Many of these nodules, when split open, are found to coatain shells, or the skele- tons of fishes, often beautifully preserved. The species of shells found up to the present time are Tellina grocniandica, Mylihis edulis, Saxicava rugosa, and a small rostrated one like a Lcda ; and of fishes two species, 3Iollottis viUosus and Cyclop- teris lumpiis. They also contain leaves of trees, broken twigs and grass, showing that there was land at no great distance. There is a ridge of low metamorphic hills on the north shore of the river, extending for a great distance parallel with and near the stream. On the soath side the country is level, and underlaid with lower Silurian rocks, Utica slate, Trenton, Black River, Bird's-eye and Chazy limestones, with here and there a strip of the lower rocks brought up to the 1856.] 91 surface by undulation?. I think there was an ancient Tallev excavated in these rocks before the period of the drift, that it was filled up during that period, and that the river is now cleaning it out again." The bones referred to prove, on examination, to be those of the greater por- tion of the hinder extremities of a young seal, but whether of a species distinct from those now found living in the neighboring seas, is a question only to be determined by careful comparison with the corresponding parts of the recent animals. The soft distal extremities of the tibia and fibula are crushed together. The bones of the ankle and foot are well preserved, but the epiphyses of the latter are separated and only partially developed. The matrix in the vicinity of the bones, is marked by the impressions of the hairs and skin which enveloped them. Mr. Logan, in a report on the " Geological Survey of Canada," (1850, '51, p. 8,) refers the deposit, in which the above described specimen was found, and simi- lar deposits of the St. Lawrence and its tributaries, to the post-tertiary period ; and he further observes, that in these deposits, '• the remains of whales, seals, and two species of fishes, and many ma:ine shells of those species still inhabit- ing the Gulf of St. Lawrence, are found ;" from which remarks, together with those of Mr. Billings, and the appearance of the fossil itself, we are inclined to suspect the seal of the Ottawa has its descendants yet sporting on the sea border of the Canadas. Independent of all other considerations, the specimen is interesting, as ex- hibiting the same process at the present geological period, which for so many S'lccessive ages has preserved the remains of vegetables and animals, which are now examined by the palaeontologist as so many iconographic illustrations of life in the history of cur planet. Plate in. Representation, two-thirds the size of nature, of the greater por- tion of the bones of the hinder extremities of a young seal, partially imb.dded in one-half of a concretion of indurated claj', from a post-jiliocene deposit of the Ottawa River, Canada. Notices of several genera of extinct Mammalia., previously less perfectly characterized. By Joseph Leidy, M. D. CARNIVORA. 1. Delmctis, Leidy. Skull intermediate in form to that of Felis and Machairodus. Orbits more open posteriorly than in either of these genera; and the anterior extremity of the lower jaw constructed as in the latter. Formula of dentition as in Putorius, viz. 3—3 1—1 2—2 1—1 1—1 in. c. p. m. car. m. tub. m. = 32. 3—3 1—1 3—3 1—1 1—1 Incisors relatively as well developed as in Felis, with the lower ones arranged as in Putorius. Canines like those of Machairodus. First premolars small, those succeeding robust with the upper pair bilobed, and the lower ones trilobed. Carnassial molars like those of 3Iachairodus prima;vus. Lower tubercular molar like that of Putorius ; the upper one thickest at its outer part. Deinictis felina, Leidy. Pr. A. N. S. vii, 127, 156. A unique species, with the skull about the size of that of Machairodus primcevus, or about a fiifth smaller than the Panther, (Felis concolor.) Locality. Mauvaises Terres of Nebraska. PACHYDERMATA. 2. Hyracodon, Leidy. Skull without horns; with the cranium surmounted by a long and narrow sagittal crest ; orbits better defined from the temporal fossae than in Rhinoceros ; nasal bones articulating with the intermaxillaries, and deeply notched at their 92 [April, free ends. Lower jaw intermediate in form to that of Rhinoceros and Tapirus. Formula of deutition as in the hitter, viz., 3—3 1—1 4—1 3—3 in. c. ]}. m. t. m. = 44. 3—3 1— I 4—4 3—3 The incisors and canines are arranged in semicircles as in Tapirus^ differ little in size, and have simple conical crowns. The premolars and molars resem- ble those of Acerotherium incmvum. Hyracodon nebrascen'sis, Leidy. Rhinoceros nebrascensis, Leidy. Pr. A. N. S. v, 121; vii, 157; Owen's Rep. Geol. Surv., Wise. 556; Anc. Fauu. Nebr. 86. Acerathcrium ?iebrascense, Leidy. Pr. A. N. S. v, 331. A unique species, possessing a greater number of teeth than any other known member of the Rhinoceros family. It was about the size of the common hog. Locality, ilauvaises Terres of Nebraska. 3. TiTANOTHERiUM, Leidy. Formula of dentition as follows: 2—2 1—1 4—4 3—3 in. c. p. m. t. m. = ? — ? 1—1 4—4 3—3 The molars are separated from the canines by wide intervals. The latter teeth have short, robust, couoidal crowns. Outer lobes of the premolars like those of Rhinoceros, the inner ones isolated from the former and connate. Outer lobes of the true molars like those of Falceotherium ; the inner ones three in number, of which the intermediate one is conical and is the largest, and the others are triliedral, as in Chalicotherium. TiTANOTHERiUM Proutii, Leidy. Auc. Faun. Nebr. 72 ; Pr. A. N. S. vii, 157. Paloiothe.rium, Cuv. Prout. Am. Jour. Sci. Arts iii, 248. Palceoiheriunil Proutii, Owen, Norwood, and Evans. Pr. A. N. S. v, 66 ; Leidy, Ibidem 122 ; Owen's Rep. Geol. Surv. Wise. 551. ," Rhinoceros 1 americanus, Leidy. Pr. A. N. S. vi, 2. Eolherium americanum, Leidy. Pr. A. N. S vi, 392. Palccotherium giganteum, Leidy. Anc. Faun Nebr. 78. A unique species, and one of the largest of pachyderms. Length of the upper dental series in a straight line 17 inches; transverse diameter of second true molar 3j inches, antero-posteiior diameter the same. Locality. Mauvaises Terres of Nebraska. Description of Twenty-five New Species of Exotic Uniones. By Isaac Lea. Unio Hainesianus. Testji alata, laevi, subrotundata, subinflata, valde insequi- laterali, valvulis crassis ; natibus prominentibus, angulatis ; epiderraide luteo- fusca ; dentibus cardinalibus crassis, crenulatis elevatisque; lateralibus longis, crassis subcurvisque ; margarita alba et iridescente. Uab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. Unio Myersiancs. Testa bialata, Iffivi, triangulari, subcorapressa, inequi- laterali, postice angulata ; valvulis crassis ; natibus prominulis epidermide tene- broso-fusca ; dentibus cardinalibus longis creuulatisque ; lateralibus pras- longis, lamellatis subcurvisque ; margarita colore salmonis tincta. Hub. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. UiVio HofSKi. Testa bialata, L-evi, triangulari, compressa, valde ina;qnilaterali, postice obtuse angulatii, valvulis subcrassis ; natibus prominulis; epidermide fusca ; dentibus cardinalibus lamellatis; lateralibus praelongis, lamellatis subcurvis(iue ; margarita colore salmonis tincta. Uab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. 1&5&.] 98 Ujfio GRAViDUS. Testa alati, \m\i, triaugulari, valdc inflata, valde inaequi- iaterali ; valvulis teuuibus ; natibus elevatis, tumidis ; epidermide lutea, iiitida ; deutibus cardiualibus prffilongis, valde laraellatis ; lateralibus lougis, lamellatis subcurvisque ; margarita creruleo-alba et iridescente. Ilab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. ') Uxio iNORNATUS. Testa IfBvi, elliptica, inflatd, subfequilaterali, postice sub- aBgulata ; valvulis sub-pcUucIdis tenuibusque ; natibus subpromineiitibus ; epidermide olivacea, substriata ; deutibus cardinalibus longis lamellatisque lateralibus longis recti.?, lamellatisque ; margarita cseruleo-alba et iridescente. Ilab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. Unio lutens. Testa Itcvi, elliptica, inflata, subaequilaterali, postice obtus^ angulata ; valvulis crassis ; natibus subprominenlibus ; epidermide lutea, polita ; deutibus cardinalibus crassis brevisque ; lateralibus brevis, subcrassis sub- rectisque ; raargai-ita alba et iridescente. Ilab. Newville Burmah. Mrs. Vinton. 'Unio eximius. Testa alat&,, plicate, obovati, compress^, valde iufequilaterali, postice rotundati ; valvulis tenuissimis ; natibus prOminulis ; epidermide virido" lutea, obsolete radiata ; deutibus cardinalibus lamellatis tenuisque ; lateralibus longis, lamellatis subcurvisque ; margarita ca?ruleo-alba et iridescente. Ilab. Siam, S. R. House, M. D. Unio TukiDULUS. Testa Isevi, obliqua, inflatS,, postice angulata, valde insequilaterali ; valvulis subcrassis ; natibus ptominentibus ; epidermide tene- broso-olivacea, striata ; deutibus cardinalibus longis lamellatisque ; lateralibus prfelongis subcurvisque ; margaritS, albi et iridescente. Ilab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. Unio rosticcs. Test! tuberculata, elliptica, inflata, inaequilaterali, postice subangulata; valvulis subcrassis; natibus subprominentibus ; epidermide oUvacea, substriata ; deutibus cardinalibus longis lamellatisque ; lateralibus longis, lamellatis subrectisque ; margarita alba et iridescente. Ilab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. tlNio SAGITTARIUS. Testa Iffivi, valde transversa, valde inaequilaterali, subin- flata, subcylindracea, postice aculo-angulata ; valvulis subtenuibus ; natibus vix prominenlibus ; epidermide virido-olivacea, striata ; deutibus cardinalibus longis, rectis lamellatisque; lateraliblis prjelongis -subrectisque ; margarita alb& et iridescente. Ilab. Siatn. S. H. House, ll. D.' Unio substriatus. Testa leevi, elliptica, subinflata, subaequilaterali ; postice angulata, antice rotundata; valvulis crassiusculis ; natibus subprominentibus granulatisque ; epidermide olivacea eradiata et rugoso-striata; deutibus cardi- nalibus longis, rectis lamellatisque ; lateralibus longis, rectis lamellatisque ; margarita argentea et iridescente. Ilab. Siam, S. R. House, M. D. Unio scobinatus. Testa plicata, transversa, in medio compressa, valde inlcquilaterali, postice angulata, ad basim emarginata ; valvulis subcrassis ; natibus parvis, prominulis, ad apiccm undulatis ; epidermide viridi et lutea, minute striata; dentibus cardinalibus obliquis,compressis ; lateralibus praelongis, in uterque valvis dupiicis subrectisque ; margarita alba et iridescente. Ilab. Siam. T. R. Ingalls, M. D., S. R. Hou^e, M. D, Unio humilis. Testa plicata, transversa, subinflata, subaequilaterali, sub- cylindracea, postice biangulata; valvulis tenuibus,pfellucidis; natibus prominulis, Jjerplicatis ; epidermide virido-lutea, striata ; dentibus cardinalibus lamellatis Voctisque ; lateralibus longis lamellatisque ; margarita caeruleo-alba et irides- '<;ente. Hob. iSiam. S. R. Hous«, M, D. 91 lAmii^y Vmo PSASELTjg. Testa plicata, transversa, inflata, subemargiaata, valde inaequilaterali, postice obtuse aagulata ; valTulis crassis ; natibus pai-vis, promi- nulis, ad apicem undulatis ; epidermide viridi et lutea, polita ; dentibus cardi- nalibus brevis subcrassisque ; lateralibus prelongis, duplicis in uterque valvis subcurvisque ; margarita alba et iridescente. Hab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. Unio Verreauianus. Testa sulcata, oblonga, inflst.^, suberearginata, subsequi- laterali, postice obtuse angulata ; valvulis crassis ; natibus parvis, subpromi- nentibus undulatisque ; epidermide luteo-brunea, striata dentibus cardinalibus- magnis, obliquis, compressis crenulatisque ; lateralibus longiSj rectis lamella- tisque ; margarita salmonia colore tinctd et iridescente. Ilab. Cape of Good Hope. Mr. E. Verreau. ITnio Africanus. Testa lasvi, elliptica, subcompressa, snbemarginata, valde insequilaterali, postice obtuse angulata; valvulis subtenuibus ; natibus parvis, prominulis undulatisque ; epidermide luteo-olivacea et polita ; dentibus cardi- nalibus parvis, obliquis, compressis sublamellatisque ; lateralibus praelongis subrectisque ; margarita salmonis colore tincta et valde iridescente. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. Mr. E. Verreau. Ux!0 Shurtleffianus. Testa minute plicata, elliptica, inreqttilaterali, sub- cylindracoa, postice obtuse angulata, antice rotundata, ad latus subplanulata ; valvulis subcrassis ; natibus prominulis, ad apices minute undulatis ; epidermide virido-lutea ; dentibus cardinalibus sublongis, compressis geminisque; lateralibus longis subrectisqu.e ; margarita salmonis colore tincta et iridescente. Hab. Sina River, India, Major Le Conte. Abmednugger, luvlia. S. Sliurtleff, M. D. U.vio EFFtJLGBNS. Testa sulcata, elliptica, subinflata, insequilaterali, postice' obtuse angulata; valvulis subcrassis; natibus prominulis; epider.nide tenebroso- fuscd, polita ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis crenulatisque ; lateralibus longis curvisque ; margarita casruleo-alba. Hab. Brazil. B. W. Budd, M. D. *! Unio Dunkerianus. Testa plicata, transversa, subinflata,- valde inaequilaterali, postice obtuse angulata ; valvulis subtenuibus ; natibus prominulis, costie divaricatis ; epidermide tenebroso-fusca politaque ; dentibus cardinalibus longis compressisque ; lateralibus praslongis, lamellatis rectisque ; margarita caeruleo- albS. et valde iridescente. Hab. River Macaco ii, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Prof. Dunker. New Grenada, Mr. E. Verreau. Unio Shuttleworthii. Testa sulcata, oblonga,. transversa, valde inrequi- laterali, subcompressa., postice obtuse biangulata, ad latus planulata ; valvulis subcrassis ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide bruneo-nigricante ; dentibus cardi- nalibus parvis ; lateralibus longis subcurvisque ; margarita purpurea et iridescente. Hab. Australia. R. J. Shuttleworth, Esq. Berne, Switzerland. » Unio nucleus. Testa plicata, quadrata, inflata, subssquilaterali, postice angulata ; valvulis crassis ; natibus prominentibus, perplicatis ; epidermide virido-fusca, minuti.?sime perstriata ; dentibus cardinalibus crassis brevisque ; lateralibus crassis, brevis, duplicis in uterque valvis subcurvisque ; margarita caeruleo-alba et iridescente. Hab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. Unio Whhatleyand's. Testa laevi, elliptica, inflata, injequilaterali ; valvulig crassis ; natibus prominulis, costis elevatis, epidermide tenebroso-oliva, rugoso- striata; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, crassiusculis, subdivisis ; lateralibus longis crassisque ; margarita vol alba vel carnei et iridescente. Hab. Rio Plata, M. A. D'Orbigny. Rio Negro. C. M. Wheatley, Esq, 1856.] 95 Unio Buojvnii. Testa Irevi, obovata, valde compressa, valde in?cqinlaterali ; valvulis sabcrassis; natibus proiuinulis, costis divaricatis; epidermide tenebroso- viridi, striata; dentibus cardinalibns submagnis, in utraque valvis duplicis ; lateralibus lamellatis, sublongis curvisque ; margarita alba. Hab. Mocha? Asia. Capt. George Brown. Unio suavidicus. Testa IsEvi, oblonga, subcompressa, valde insequilaterali, antice rotvindata, postice tnmcata, natibus subpromincntibus, costis elevatis ; epidermide luteo-oliva, minute striata ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compressis, crcnulatis, in utraque valvis duplicis, lateralibus longis, lamellatis subrectisque; margarita ca.'ruleo-alba et iride'scente. Hab. River Amazon. Mr. E. Verreau, Paris. Unio umbrosus. Testa Insvi, elliptica, subinflata, ina?quilaterali ; valvulis subcrassis ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide castanea, polita, transverse fasciata; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, subelevatis ; lateralibus longis, lamellatis sub- curvisque ; margariti vel purpurea vel rosei et iridescente. Ilab. Medellin River, Mexico. M. Burrougb, M. D. Description of a nere Snake from Illinoig. By Robert Kennicott. • Regina Kirtlandii. The body of this species is somewhat trigonal in cross sections, (flattened on the abdomen.) and tapers gently from the middle to either extremity. .There is no distinction of neck, and the very small head calls to mind that of the Colultr amoenus of Say. It is, however, much larger, and the scales are very strongly coirinated. The carinie are found on all the longitudinal rows of scales, of which there are nineteen exclusive of the belly scales ; the external row is almost as sharply keeled as those on the back, even to the tip of the tail. The dorsal scales are narrow and elongated, the sides nearly parallel except near the ends. As already stated, the head is very small. The vertical plate is sub-hexago- nal, the two anterior sides forming a very obtuse angle ; the external edges are slightly convergent posteriorly. The nostrils in the middle of the two plate.?. Tb.ere is one ante-orbital and two post-orbitals ; there are six labials above and seven below, in addition to the rostrals. The ground color of this snake is a light purplish brown, with four rows of large nearly circular blotches covering the whole back and sides. They are arranged so as to alternate ; the outer blotches on the outer row are a little larger than those on the two central ones, and are of the width of four or five scales. The belly is of a pale brick red, (fading to brownish yellow in alcohol.) with a well defined blotch of black near the exterior of each scale. These give rise to a series of very well defined round black spots on either side of the abdo- men ; and there is also an obscure series of dark blotches on the anterior edge of the scales in the exterior dorsal row. The dots in this series are separated by intervals of two unmarked scales. The spots of this row alternate with those of the larger series immediately above. On separating the scales, the skin is seen to be colored like the adjacent scales. It is black in the dark blotches and very light in the intermediate space, giving rise to the appearance of whitish edges to the scales. There are thus four series of large spots on the back and sides, two on the belly, and two in the exterior dorsal rows, making eight in all. The last men- tioned row is sometimes very obscure, the others are always distinct. I refer this serpent to the genus Regina of B. and G., although it is different in some respects from the other known species. It is somewhat like the R. rigida^ but is differently marked ; the latter having the two abdominal rows close to- gether on the middle of the belly, instead of being separated. Neither is there 96 . [April any indication in R. rigida of the four series of dorsal blotches. In fact, there is no North American species more strongly marked than this. Abdominal scales 133, the last one divided ; subcaudal 59. Dorsal ro"vvs of scales 19. Length 19^ inches, of which the tail measures 4i inches. As yet, this species has only been detected in Northern Illinois, where it is rarely met with. The few specimens obtained have been found iu the woods, generally under logs. This snake is rather sluggish, and, like Regiiia Grahaviii of B. and G , is not very pugnacious. In giving to this serpent the name of Dr. Kirtland, as a slight token of the respect due him, to whose enthusiastic and untiring devotion to Science the West owes so much, I would also make some expression of my personal grati- tude to the honored teacher, whose kind encouragement and instruction led me to study Nature, by dedicating to him his pupil's first contribution to Science Descripiion of several new genera and species of Fossil Fishes, from the Carboniferous Strata of Ohio. By J. S. Newberry, M. D. MECOLEPIS Newberry. Ileterocercal lepidoids o? small size. Body fusiform. Head obtuse. Tail elongated. Lobes very unequal. Fins small and provided with delicate fulcra. Dorsal opposite anal or nearly so, both set far back in body. Cranial surface ornamented by corrugations, tubercles or granulations. Opercular, maxillary and hyoid plates ornamented with convoluted corrugations of the surface in various patterns. Scales smooth, or ornamented ; posterior margin of lateral scales all or in part serrated. Scales of median line above and below characteristically angled or crenulatcd. Two rows of scales on sides extending back to near anal fin, re- markably high, vertical 2 to 5 times longitudinal diameter. Lateral line nearly straight, passing the upper part of lower row of high scales. Teeth conical, short, en brosse. The peculiar group of fishes to which I have given the generic name of Me- eolepis, apparently represents the Palceonisci in the ichthyic fauna of the locality where they occur. From Ambli/pterus and Elonichtlii/s they may readily be dis- tinguished by their small fins all bearing fulcra. With Palceoniscus their affini- ties are closer, but the ensemble of characters presented by the large number of specimens which I have examined, seem to separate them from that genus. Among these diagnostic characters the most conspicuous are their small size, posterior position of dorsal fin and especially the high lateral scales. 1. M. coRRUGATrs Ncwb. Body fusiform, robust. Length 3 in. 4 lines ; breadth 10 lines. Length of head 8 lines. Anterior lateral scales 2 J times as high as long. Cranial plates ornamented by convolutions of fine, thread-like corrugations. Maxillary bones, oi:>ercular and hyoid plates corrugated much as superior surface of head. Scales smooth, except a few on the anterior dorsal surface, which are finely striate and punctate. Posterior margins of lateral scales as far back as anal and dorsal fins serrated. Scales of tail, like most of those of the dorsal and ventral surfaces, plain on surface and margins. Ante- rior margin of anal fin opposite centre of dorsal fin; longest rays of anal fin when collapsed just reaching base of caudal fin. 2. M. TUBERcuLATUs Newb. Body fusiform. Eutire length 3 inches. Head 6 lines. Tail 8 lines. Cranial plates strongh' tuberculated; tubercles rounded elongated and reni- form. Surfaces of opercular, maxillary and hyoid bones covered with linear parallel corrugations. Surface of all the scales of the body smooth, except a few on the anterior 1856.] 97 dorsal and ventral surfaces, -whicli are sometimes finely punctate. Lateral scales nearly 5 times as high as long. Posterior margins of lateral scales bearing a few serrations. Anal fin opposite dorsal. Radial formula, D. 5; C. 14; A. 8?; V. 6; P. ? 3. M. GBANCLATUS Ncwb. Body fusiform, robust. Length 3 inches, breadth 1 lines. Head 6 lines long. Tail 9 lines. Head tubercled above, tubercles elongated, with granulations between. Oper- cula, maxillaries and hyoid plates threaded. Scales apparently thinner and more delicate than those of any other species. Those on anterior portion of body granulated, and having a faint double waved line along anterior margin. Posterior border serrated. Lateral scales 4 times as high as long. Radial formula, * D. G; C. 14; A. 8;V. 5?; P. 9? 4. M. LINEATUS Newb. Body fusiform, robust. Length 3 inches ; breadth 8 lines. Cephalic bones all ornamented with thread-like lines, as in M. corruffaius, and without tubercles. Scales of anterior portion of abdomen covered with concentric thread-lines. Margins of lateral scales ornamented in the same manner. Lateral scales lower than in any other species yet discovered, greatest vertical diameter only twice longitudinal. Scales of abdomen twice as long as broad. 5. M. ovoiDEUs Newb. Fish small, robust. Body ovoid. Length 1 inch 6 lines ; breadth 6 lines. Length of head 4J lines. Cranial surface corrugated and finely granulated; opercula and lower parts of head ornamented by thread-like corrugations. Scales of anterior portion of abdomen granulated, of sides serrated. Lateral scales 3^ times as high as long. 6. M. oRNATissiMus Ncwb. Fish small, fusiform, slender. Length 2 inches; breadth 5 lines. Cranial surface sparsely tubercled, tubercles somewhat radiated. Spaces be- tween tubercles finely granulated. Opercula, maxillaries and hyoid bones granu- lated and corrugated. All the scales of the body and tail ornamented with granulations, strias or denticles. * Lateral scales 4 times as high as long, with a double lipe of appressed denticles on anterior border, and acute serrations of posterior margin. Fins all relatively longer than in other species. Dorsal fin nearly opposite anal. v. M. INSCL'LPTUS Newb. Body fusiform, slender. Length 2 in. 6 lines, breadth 5 lines. Cranial plates ornamented with elongated tubercles, spaces between tubercles granulated. Sides and under surface of head marked by raised lines and fine granulations. Scales on anterior half of body highly ornamented. Lateral scales 3J times as high as long, and having a doubled wave line along anterior margin, with acicular denticulations of posterior border. Scales of abdomen having entire surface covered with appressed denticles. Scales of tail and posterior portion of body plain. Dorsal fin opposite anal. 8. M. SERRATUS Newb. Small, robust. Length 1 in. 6 lines. Head 4 lines. Tail 5 lines. Breadth of body 5 lines. Head finely tubercled above. Opercula, maxillaries and hyoid plates marked by fine linear corrugations. 98 [z\PRlL, Highest scales of sides 3 times as high as long. All lateral scales quite into the tail, strongly and sharply serrate on posterior margin. Surface of anterior scales wrinkled from the serrations forward. Anterior margin of anal fin opposite posterior margin of dorsal. ELOXICHTHYS Giebel. J E. PELTiGEKUS, Newb. Body short, compressed. Length 5 inches. Height 1 in. 6 lines. Breadth 1 inch. Cephalic bones all ornamented by paral- lel convolutions of thread lines. Scales all covered by similar raised lines, which cross them diagonally downward and backward, terminating in serrations of the posterior margins. About the middle of the interval between the occiput and dorsal fin, on toe median line, begins a row of oval scales, four times as large as the scales of the sides; ornamented in the same manner, extending in a single row along the me- dian line to the dorsal fin, and behind the dorsal fin to the tail, where they are transformed into the large striated fulcra, which overlie the prolongation of the vertebral to its termination. These abnormal scales of the dorsal line are a striking peculiarity in the species, and have suggested the name given it. CCELACANTHUS Agass. 1. C; ROBUSTUS Newb. Body robust, 1 foot 6 inches in length. Upper sur- face of cranium covered with small closely approximated tubercles; maxillaries and opercula threaded with fine parallel, sometimes interrupted lines. Margins of opercula in mature specimens wavy. Scales elliptical, thin, 7 to 9 lines in length, nearly half the surfiice exposed; exposed portion covered with thread-like lines similar to those of the opercula and maxillaries, and which converge toward the posterior angle of the scale. C. OKNATUS, Newb. Body fusiform, slender, scarcely wider than head. Size small, not exceeding 4 to 5 inches in length. Upper surface of head ornamented with tubercles, which are much larger and more remote than in preceding species. Opercula and maxillaries threaded, and like the scales having stronger markings than in the larger species. Radial formula, A. D. 8 ; P. D. 5 ; C. 24 ? ; A. 6 ; V. ? ; P ? C. BLEGANS Newb.' Body fusiform, robust, 6 to 8 inches in length. Cranial Hurface covered with closely apprQximated tubercles. Surface of opercular and maxillary bones threaded. All the ornamenting of head relatively stronger than in C. robvMus, but less so than in C. ornatus. Scales similar in form and mark- ings to those of both these species, but more delicate than either. Anterior dorsal fin slightly in advance of ventrals. Posterior dorsal as much forward of anal fin. Pvadial formula. A D. 7 ? ; P D. 5 ; C. 22 ; A. 6 ; A^ 9 ? PYGOPTERUS Agass. P. scuTELLATUS Newb. Body fusiform, slender, 15 to 18 inches in length. Head depressed. Snout pointed. Both jaws thickly set with couical. slender, acute, striated teeth of unequal size. Scales very small and thick, higher than long. Head and anterior portion of body covered with articiilated plates orna- mented with strong, radiating, raised lines. None of my specimens show the form of the caudal fin. This fish presents such striking differences in its scales and plates from all described species of I'ygopterus^ that I have hesitated about placing it in that genus. It would seem,' however, to have much in common with P. Grcmockii Agass., not yet fully described. 1856.] '^9 RHIZODUS Owen. R. LANCiFER Newb. Teeth striated below. Section elliptical, smooth toward ithe summit, where they are very much compressed, with a lenticular sectiom and cutting edge on both sides. Form of summit of tooth like that of a lance head. Near the apex of the tooth the cutting edge of one side is slightly gib- bous, an apparent tendency toward a barbing o/ the point, as in some species of Lcpidosteus. ^ As usually found, the plicated base of the tooth has mostly disappeared, the solid point alone remaining ; this is about an inch in length. The entire tooth •was more than twice that length. R. iNCURYDS Newb. Head massive. Superficial bones strongly tuberculated. Tubercles elongated, vermicular, sometimes becoming elevated lines of a line in breadth, and having a radiated arrangement. Jaws strong, both thickly set .with strong ancipital curved teeth. These teeth are striated below, ellipti- cal in section, and toward the summit curved backward toward the throat. They are of difi'erent sizes, as in all allied fishes. The smaller teeth are G to 9 lines in length and thickly set; the larger ones are much fewer in number, and more than twice as long. One of the larger teeth is placed near the extremity of the lower dentary bone of each side, as in R. gracilis McCoy. E. ANGUSTCS Newb. Laniary teeth elongatied, slender, finely striated at base, smooth above, with cutting edges. Subordinate teeth half the length of the larger ones. Conical, acute, striated at base, with a circular section throughout. Surface of jaw coarsely tubercled. In this diversity of form in the teeth, this species differs from R. gracilis McCoy and from R. Mibbcrii Ag., as well as from the. other species I have found in Ohio. In R. incurvus N., however, the teeth have a section so nearly circular Xhat there seems no good reason for separating them ;by generic distinctions. Of all the species of Rhizodus, which I have found, I probably have scales and perhaps vertebrae and cranial plates, but as yet have been unable to find these organs connected with the teeth. DIPLODUS Agass. D. coMPRESsus Newb. Teeth of moderate size, base small. Lateral denticles ■unequally spreading, compressed, with acute points and strongly crenulated edges. Central denticle very small, acute, compressed, finely crenulated on ■margin, D. GRACILIS Newb. Tooth as large as D. gibboaus Agass. Base very small. Lateral denticles long, curved, slender, divergent towards the points, much less ■compressed than in preceding species, less acute, and less conspicuously crenu- Sate on margins. Median denticle small, subulate, scarcely ci;enulate on margins. D. LATUS Newb. Teeth very large and very robust. Lateral denticles neariy straight, and on the same plane, divergent, ^ to k as broad at base as long, .compressed. Each margin strongly crenulated. Middle cone obsolete, or re- duced to a simple knob. Base of tooth large, under surface flat. Ail the specimens of Diplodus from Ohio which have come under my observa- ■tion, ntmbering some hundreds, have crenulated margins, in that respect pre- :Senting a striking difference from the species described by Agassiz. CLADODUS Agass. C. acumjNatus Newb. Central denticle elongated, conical, acute ; lateral •denticles very acute, compressed. Base small and thin. CHIRODUS McCoy. C. ACUTUS Newb. Teeth as long as C. pes-ranx McCoj, hut more slender nhraughauL Denticles more .acute^ 100 [Apri2^ 1 CLIMAXODUS McCoy. C. BEEVis Newb. Teeth oval, in form, shorter than C imhricaius McCoj. Eidges which cross- the surface more remote, with sharp crests and sinuous out- line. PLEURACANTHUS Agass. P. BiSERiALis Newb. Spine straight, strong, tapering rapidly to a moderately acute termination. Length four inches ; diameter at base 4 lines. Anterior face rounded ; posterior face nearly flat. Entire surface finely striated longitu- dinally. Sides flattened, joining posterior surface at right angles. At angle oa each side a double row of small, closely set, acuminate, depressed hooks. On the ujiper part of the spine the hooks are arranged in a single row. Side of spine at base of the hooks marked by a distinct longitudinal furrow. P. ARCUATUS Newb. Spine slightly curved backward, rapidly tapering to an acute point. Anterior surface rounded ; posterior face nearly flat. At angle formed by the junction of sides with posterior face is, on each side, a single row of closely set, acuminatCj depressed hooks. Anterior surface marked with fine longitudinal striae. P. DILATATUS Ncwb. Spine short, robust, one inch- six lines long, straight, acuminate at summit, largest n«ar middle, contracted at base; Anterior face rounded ; posterior face flattened, and bearing at the angles on either side a row of minute depressed hooks. Surface smooth. COMPSACANTHUS Newb. Spines of small size-, very neat in form and finish. Section at all points cir- cular. A single row of relatively large, remote, depressed hooks it set along ths posterior median line. Of this genus I have probably but one species. C. LJJvis Newb. Spine slender, curved, acuminate, having a circular section at all points ; upper two-thirds furnished with a single row of depressed acumi- nated hooks remotely set along median line of posterior surface. On motion of Mr. Cassin, a Committee was appointed to prepare a list of Correspondents for publication. The following compose the Committae : Mr. Cassia; Dr. Le Coate and Dr. Leidy. ELECTION. Dr. R. A. Penrose and Mr. Wm. H. Patterson, of Philadelphia, wer®- elected Members, and Mr. P. B. Meek, of Albany, was ekcted a Coi-res- jjondent. 1856.] 101 May m, 1856. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. Mr. Darand presented for publication in the Journal a paper, enti- tled, " Plantse Kaneauae Arcticee et Polaris. An Enumeration of the Plants collected by Dr. E. K. Kane, U. S. N., in his first and second voyages to the Polar Regions, with descriptions and remarks ;" which was referred to a Committee consisting of Drs. Zantziuger, Bridges, and Uhler. Dr. Hallowell remarked that the most abundant of the urotleles in the neighborhood of Philadelphia, is the Plethodon (Desmognathus, Bd.) niger, which may be said to exist by thousands. It is found under stones along the borders of rivulets near the banks of the Schuylkill, and is very quick in its movements, its capture demanding close attention and much activity. It appears to be endowed with a higher degree of vitality than the other caducibranchiates with which it is associated. Its transformation is sooner effected ; specimens one inch and a half in length, being without gills, while the larvaj of Pseudotriton ruber are found more than three inches in length. The Salamandra quadrimaculata of Prof. Holbrook is identical with this animal ; the red spots are observed in quite young specimens as well as those more matnre, but disappear with age. It is very abundant, a large proportion of the specimens being thus spotted. The urodeles most frequentlj^ met with in the neighborhood of Philadelphia after the niger are Pseudotriton ruber and Plethodon erythronotus. The former occurs in the same localities with the niger, but is much less active, though perhaps more tenacious of life. The young are of a bright red color spotted with lilack ; as age advances the color deepens, resembling Spanish brown (maculata, Green,) and in very old specimens is of an almost purple color ; the younger larvfe are white, the older olive colored with dark spots. At the present time, April 28th, 1856, the females of both Plethodon niger and Pseudotriton ruber are distended with eggs,* as many as seventy being counted in the ovaries of the former. They are of a yellow color, about a line in diameter; none are to be seen in the oviducts ; the number of eggs is not always the same in both ovaries, being sometimes considerably greater in one than the other. The eggs in many of the specimens of Pseudotriton ruber are immature, perfectly white and quite small. In the stomach of one of the latter a large lumbricus was found, in another the remains of a coleopterous insect, and in a third the tail and posterior extremities of a Salamander, proba- bly a young Plethodon niger. Spelerpes (Cylindrosoma, Tsch.) bilineata, is found in the same neighborhood, and also Plethodon erythronotus, the latter under stones, at some distance from the water, associated with Plethodon cinereus. In one specimen the stripe along the back was of a beautiful pink color. Mai/ 13//i. / Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. Letters were read — From Mr. F. B. Meek, dated Albany, 10th May, 1856, acknowledging his election as a Correspondent of the Academy. From Mr. Edward Tuckerman, dated Amherst, od May, 1856, trans- mitting the collection of Plants acknowledged at the last meeting. From E. Billings, Esq., dated Ottawa, West Canada, 6th May, 1856, * June 26th, females of niger in same condition. PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PmLADELPHIA, VOL. VHI., NO. III. 8 102 [May, transmittlns the first numbers of the " Canadian Naturalist and Geolo- gist/' and desiring exchange. Tiiis letter was referred to the Committee on Proceedings. From Mr. Abraham Sager, dated Ann Harbor, Michigan, 5th May, 185G, transmitting for publication in the Proceedings, a paper, entitled, ''Descriptions of Articulata, supposed to be new;" which was referred to a Committee consisting of Drs. Leidy, Hallowell, and Bridges. Mr. Isaac Lea presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, entitled, " Descriptions of four New Species of Exotic Uniones;" which was referred to a Committee consisting of Drs. Wilson and Bridges, and Mr. Hanson. Mr. Charles E. Smith remarked in relation to the specimens of iron ore presented by himself this evening, that the three leading varieties of the ore, known as the Baltimore ore, were shown in the specimens. The bed lies on the west side of Chesapeake Bay, runs parallel with it, and is about fifty miles long. It is of white clay underlying the Eocene deposit. The ore lies in nodules like the brown hsematite. In the most valuable bed, this ore is associated with large quantities of mineral charcoal, which seems to be always in broken masses. Mr. S. bad never seen any traces of plants. There is no other deposit of iron ore in the neighborhood. The iron made from this ore is remarkable for its great strength. Mr. S. considered the deposit as remarkable, being the only one of which he was aware, in which the lithoid carbonate of iron exists out of the coal measures. May 20lh. Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair. Dr. Bridges, referring to the specimens of lithoid carbonate of iron exhibited at the last meeting, gave the following as the probable theory of the formation of this ore. Iron pyrites by exposure would be con- verted into a sulphate of the protoxide with some sesquioxide of iron. By contact with lime these oxides would be precipitated, the protoxide rapidly becoming sesquioxide. The contact of organic matter would reduce the sesquioxide again to protoxide, which would combine with the carbonic acid evolved during the fermentation of the organic matter. Mr. Cassin announced the arrival in this country and the presence this evening of the Baron Von Miiller, who proposes to visit Texas, Mexico, and Central America, and who is desirous of afibrding to the Academy any aid in his power. Dr. Leidy remarked that he had just returned from a visit to St. Louis, and thought that the members would be gratified to learn that an " Academy of Science " had been organized in that city, whose ob- jects were similar to our own. The Academy commences under the most promising prospects ; and it occupies a highly favorable position in our country for the formation of a cabinet of natural history. It has recently received a large and very valuable collection of fossils, ob- tained by Dr. F. V. Ilayden from the region of the Upper Missouri. 1856.] 103 The collection consists of numerous remains of Mammalia and Clielonia from the Mauvaises Terres of Nebraska, a large number of mollusca from the cretaceous beds, and an extensive series of plants from a ter- tiary formation. Dr. C A. Pope, with his usual liberality, has granted the Academy the use of a large hall furnished with cases, for the pur- poses of a museum, in the Medical College. The president of the Academy, than whom none could be more worthy, is Dr. George Engle- man. In conclusion, Dr L. offered in furtherance of the objects of the new Academy the following : Resolved, That this Academy present to the Academy of Science of St. Louis the second series of the Journal and the Pioceedings. Mr. Lea announced the death of Dr. John C. Warren, of Boston, a Correspondent of the Academy, setat. 79 years. Dr. Leidy offered the following resolution which was adopted : Resolved, That the State Medical Society, shortly to hold its session in this city, be invited to visit the Museum of the Academy on the last Wednesday of this month. Mai/ 27th. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. The Committee on Mr. Durand's paper, read 6th inst., reported in favor of publication in the Journal. The Committee on Mr. Lea's paper, read 13th inst., reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings. Description of four New Species of Exotic Uniones. By Isaac Lea. Unio Coloradoensis. Testa lasvi, elliptica, infJata, valde ma?quilaterali ; val- "vulis crassis ; natibus elevatis magiiisque; epidermide luteo-castanea, obscure radiata et polita ; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, duplicis, acuminatis crenatu- latisque ; lateralibus magnis praelongis, lamellatis subcurvisque ; margarita }>urpurea et iridescente. Ilab. Rio Colorado, Texas. B. W. Budd, M. D, Unio Nuttalliaiv-cs. Testa Ifevi, elliptica, subinflata, inajquilaterali ; valvulis tenuibus ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide olivacea, eradiata, valde polita; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, rectis, compressis crenulatisque ; lateralibus sub- curtis, subrectis lamellatisque ; margarita salmonis colore tincta et iridescente. Ilab. India. Prof. Thomas Nuttall. Unio Cambodiensis. Testa Isevi, elliptica, subinflata, inaequilaterali ; valvulis subtenuibus; natibus prominentibus, ad apicem undulatis ; epidermide castanea, eradiata, polita ; dentibus cardinalibus longis, rectis lamellatisque ; lateralibus sublongis, lamellatis subrectisque ; margarita albd et iridescente. JIab. Takrong river at Korat, Cambodia. S. R. House, M. D. Unio Newcombianus. Testa corrugato-sulcata, rotundata, subconipressa, inaequilaterali ; valvulis crassis ; natibus elevatis prominentibusque ; epidermide tenebroso-olivacea, corrugata ; dentibus cardinalibus submagnis, duplicis snb- compressisque ; lateralibus subbrevis, crassis subcurvisque ; margarita alba. Ilab. Lake Nicaragua. W. Newcomb, M. D. 104 [June, The liepnrt of the Correponding Secretary for the last month was read and adopted. June 3c?. Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. Letters were read — From the Imperial Society of Naturalists of Moscow, dated August 13th, 1855 ; From the Royal Imperial Greological Institute of Vienna, dated 23d September, 1855 ; From the Senckenberg Natural History Society, dated February, 1856 ; and From George Frauenfeld, dated Vienna, 12tli December, 1855, seve- rally announcing donations. From Prof. Karl Koch, Secretary of the Society for the Advancement of Horticulture, dated Berlin, 6th February, 1856, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings, transmitting donations, and desiring ex- change. Referred to the Publication Committee. From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Amsterdam, dated 15th January, 1856 ; and From the K. L. C. Academy of Sciences of Breslau, dated 30th January, 1856, severally acknowledging the receipt of the Journal and Proceedings. From the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, dated Munich, January 20th, 1856, acknowledging the receipt of the publications of the Academy, and requesting a duplicate set. From the Senckenberg Natural History Society, dated February, 1856, acknowledging donations. From the Academy of Science of St. Louis, dated 24th May, 1856, requesting donations of works on Natural History. Mr. Isaac Lea read a paper, entitled, "Description of thirteen species of Exotic Peristoraata;" which was referred to a Committee consisting of Drs. Hallowell, Corse, and J. A. Meigs. June \Qth, Vice-President Bridges in the Chair. A letter, dated September, 1855, was read from Jas. R. Eckert and Frederick S. Eckert, Executors of the Estate of the late James Read, presenting his herbarium and certain botanical works. A paper was presented for publication in the Journal, entitled, '' A Commentary on the 'Synopsis Fungorum in America Boreali media de- gentiura, by L. I), de Schweinitz.' By the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, M. A., F. L. S., and the Rev. M. A. Curtis, F. A. A. A. S. ;" which was re- ferred to a Committee consisting of Dr. Zantzinger, Mr. Durand, and Dr. Bridges. 1856.] 105 A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled, " Descriptions of New Species of Accphala and Gasteropoda from the Tertiary formations of Nebraska Territory, with some general remarks on the Geology of the country about the sources of the Missouri river. By F. 13. Meek and F. V. Hayden, M. D. ;" which was referred to a Committee consisting of Dr. Leidy, Mr. Lea, and Mr. Charles E. Smith. Dr. Leidy announced that the skeleton of the White Bear presented by Dr. E. K. Kane, had been mounted and placed in the Museum. Dr. Leidy observed that A. Vogt, a frog and leech catcher, who fre- quently accompanied Dr. Hallowell and himself when in pursuit of ob- jects of Natural History, informed them that the severe cold of the previous winter had destroyed great numbers of frogs and turtles. Dr. L. also expressed the opinion that the house-flies were much less nume- rous this season than last ; a fact which he was inclined to attribute to the destruction of their larvse by the severe and protracted cold of the preceding winter months. Dr. Bridges thought that the shade trees of our city suffered less than usual from the span-worm. On leave granted, Dr. Leidy offered the following, which was unani- mously adopted : Resolved, That casts in plaster of the skulls of Bootherium cavi/rons and Megalom/x Jejfersoiiu, be presented to the Boston Natural History Society, the British Museum, and the Zoological Museums of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, and of Berlin, Prussia. June 17th. Mr. Lea, Vice-President, in the Chair. A letter was read from Mr. George Gibbs, dated Fort Steilacoora, Washington Territory, May Gtli, 1856, acknowledging his election to membership. A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled, " Contributions to the Ichthyology of the Western Coast of the United States, from specimens in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. By Charles Girard, M. J).;" which was referred to a Committee con- sisting of Drs. Wilson and Hallowell, and Mr. Vaux. A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled, "Ceratites Americanus. By Prof. L. Harper, of the University of Mississippi •/' which was referred to Dr. Leidy and Messrs. Lea and A. H. Smith. A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled, " Examination of the Meteoric Iron from Xiquipilco, Mexico. By W. J. Taylor;" which was referred to a Committee consisting of Mr. Yaux, Dr. Genth, and Mr. S. Ashmead. Dr. Hallowell presented for publication in the Proceedings, a paper, entitled, " Description of two New Species of Urodeles from Georgia;" which was referred to a Committee consisting of Major Ls Conte, and Drs. Bridges and Leidy. 106 [June, Dr. Hallowell remarked that we had recently received Ihrough Mr. Vogt, a large collection of living specimens of Siernothaerus odoratus, Holb., from the neighborhood of Poiladelphia, more than thirty in number. Many of them present important characteristics not hitherto noticed. The larger as well as a number of the smaller specimens, are of a chocolate brown or olive color above upon tbe carapax, with numerous blacii spots, the sternum brown, micgled with yellow ; iris golden ; upper part of head olive, with numerous small dark colored macukc ; two yellow vittte, passing one above, the other beneath the eye; barbels in both sexes. The differences between the male and the female are strongly marked, and may be presented as follows : Male. Female. Sternum more narrow and more con- Shorter (^ an inch) carapax higher, cave; tail much larger; shell more broader and more oval ; outline of disk depressed, especially in its posterior oval, somewhat compressed at the sides; half: portion of sternum behind ab- snout more acute ; gular plate more dominal plates, more quadrangular in elongated ; anal scutes longer, posterior shape. axillary plates larger. Dimensions. Length of carapax 4J Dimensions. Length of carapax 4 inches (Fr.); breadth at middle 3 inches; inches; breadth 3 inches; length of length of sternum 3 inches; greatest sternum3inches31ines;greatestbreadth breadth 2 inches. 2 inches, 3 lines. Posterior part of sternum slightly moveable in both, much less moveable than the anterior ; both male and female provided with scales upon the posterior part of the hinder extremities ; carapax of both sexes spotted. Habilat. Found abundantly near Philadelphia. Young. Differences betiveen male and female. Male. Female. Carapax of male more tectiform ; Carapax much depressed at its narrow in front, broader posteriorly; middle ; more rounded at the sides and outline of shell less distinctly oval ; broader anteriorly ; snout of female portion of sternum posterior to ab- more acute; sternum longer; anal scutes dominal plates more quadrangular, tail_ longer, much larger. Dimensions. Length of carapax SJ Dimensions. Length of carapax 3 inches; greatestbreadth 2 inches 7 lines; inches 7 lines; greatest breadth 2Hnch- length of sternum 2 inches, 7 lines ; es; length of sternum 2 J inches; greatest greatest breadth 2 inches 5 lines; greatest breadth 2 inches 5 lines; greatest length length of portion of carapax behind of posterior part of carapax behind ab- abdominal plates 1 inch 3] lines ; dis- dominal plates 1 inch 1 line ; distance tance between posterior margin of anal between posterior margin of anal scutes scutes and posterior margin of marginal and posterior margin of marginal plates plates 6 lines. 72 lines. ' Both sexes ash color, brown or olive above, with numerous dark colored spots; sternum yellow, or black, or brown mingled with yellow ; soft parts beneath ash mingled with white, yellowish or reddish mingled with yellow ; head olive colored; two yellow vittae, one passing above, the other beneath the eye ; iris golden ; barbels in both sexes and scales upon the posterior part of the hinder extremities. Habitat. Same as former ; hybernate in great numbers together, Mr. Vogt having turned out 239 from one hole. They are associated in hybernating with Tropidonotus sipedon and ordinatus, and Rana pipiens or Bull frog ; never with the Chelonura serpentina, or snapper, which is always found alone. Younger specimens. Shell strongly carinated and marked with dark colored radiating lines resembling in form those of Unio radiata ; no spots; contour of shell in females oval ; specimens 2\ inches and 2 lines in length. The varieties indicated above may be described as follows: — Type. Predominating color, dusky ash above, with marblings of yellow, more especially along the sides ; head olive, with a few small yellow spots ; no yellow 1856.] 107 lines above or beneath the eyes ; pupil black ; iris golden ; sternum black, seve- ral of the plates tipped with yellowish ; marginal scutes narrow, except the t( ur posterior, which are broad (Adult.) In younger specimens the yellow lines above and below the eyes are manifest; shell ash, spotted with black ; sternum yellow, mingled v^ith black, sometimas without spots; very young specimens with radiating lines of black upon ttie carapax ; length of shell 3 inches 10 lines. Var. a. Carapax olive, with numerous black spots ; posterior terminal mar- ginal plates larger than the others ; an orange-colored line above and one below the eyes ; iris golden ; sternum yellow and black mingled ; soft parts ash colored, with a tinge of red and yellow; younger specimens presenting the same general appearance; shell inclining to brown above; sternum yellow. (K. guttatum, LeConte.) Length of shell 3 inches 7 lines. Var. /?. Shell dark Spanish brown above, with numerous dark colored spots; sternum black, mingled with yellow ; soft parts greyish. Length of shell 4 inches 4 lines. The Kinosternum guttatum of Major LeConte appears to be a variety of Staurotypus odoratus, var. a. Dr. Holbrook's plate represents a young ash- colored female. Schoepf's figure is also that of a female more advanced but not fully grown. (Tab. 24, ,g.) Hist. Testudinum. Erlangae, 1752.* We believe Dumeril and Bibron to be right in putting the animal above de- scribed in the genus Staurotypus. Cinosternon penusylvanicum differs from Staurotypus odoratus in the much greater mobility of the posterior portion of the sternum, the animal being able to close itself up, almost like a box tortoise, in the greater extent therefore to which the sternum covers the ventral surface, in the marked differences in the shape of the sternal scutes, which, with the exception of the abdominal, are more or less triangular in penusylvanicum, in the larger size of the inguinal plates, in the shape and coloration of the head, in the form and arrangement of the posterior marginal plates, and in the configuration of the carapax. Staurotypus-j- belongs to the family of Elodites of Dum. and Bib., orPaludine Turtles, which are placed immediately after the Chersites or Land Tortoises. These are subdivided into two subfamilies — the Cryptoderes and Pleuroderes — the first having the power of withdrawing the neck under the middle of the cara- pax. It comprises seven genera, viz.: Cistuda, Emys, Tetronyx, Platysternon, Emysaurus, Staurotypus and Cinosternon. The second sub-family, or that of the Pleuroderes, which have the power of withdrawing the neck to one of the sides of the anterior opening of the carapax, and never completely between the arms and under the middle of the carapax, as in the Cryptoderes. comprises a'so seven genera, viz., Peltocephalus, Poducne- mis, Pentonyx, S/ernotheerus, Platemys, Chelodina, Chelys. It will be observed, therefore, that Staurotypus and Sternothjierus belong to different subfamilies, for which reason we prefer to designate this animal as Dumeril and Bibron have done by W agler's name of Staurotypus, the latter being a Cryptodere ; besides, Sterno- th^erus has no nuchal plate, and is destitute of axillary and inguinal plates. The marginal scutes are 24 in number. The sternum is not cruciform, as in Staurotypus, the anterior valve (the only one) and the abdominal plates en- closing the animal leaving the posterior parts more or less exposed, the poste- rior part of the sternum being immoveable, or nearly so, as in Staurotypus. Dumeril and Bibron also point out an anatomical difference of importance be- tween the Cryptoderes and Pleuroderes, viz., that in the latter the pelvis is solidly fixed to both the sternum and carapax ; whereas, in the former, it is " articulated to the internal face of the carapax by a cartilaginous symphisis, corresponding to the sacral bf^ne, being entirely free towards the sternum, permitting several of * Mr. Gray, Major LeConte and the Prince de Canino, place it in Cinosternon ; Prof Holbrook and Mr. Bell, in Sternothaerus. f 2Tay/)oc, cross, and tutto;, type — sternum cruciform. 108 [June, these Chelonians to move slightly this portion of their bony apparatus." The celebrated authors above mentioned describe but two species of Staurotypus, viz., triporcatus and odoratus. Of the former we have a specimen from the river Medelin, in Mexico, the carapax of which, measures 11 inches (Fr.) in length and 7 in breadth, being much larger than the specimen in the Jardin des Plantes. The sternum is cruciform and has but 7 pUites, there being eleven in odoratus. but when we consider that these animals correspond in the shape of the head, the general configuration of the shell, and the form of the sternum, these differ- ences may be considered specific, and not generic. The following are the cha- racters of Siaurotypus, Cinosternon and Sternothaerus, as given by Dumeril and Bibron, (Tome ll/pp. 354, 361 and 39G.) Sub-Fam. CRYPTODERID.E. Gen. Staurotypus, Wagler. Head subquadrangular, pyramidal, covered in front by a single, very thin plate; jaws more or less hooked ; barbels under the chin ; 23 marginal scutes ; sternum ihick. cruciform, moveable ia front, provided with eight or eleven scuta ; the axillary and inguinal plates contiguous, placed upon the sterno-costal su- tures ; anterior feet with five nails, posterior with four only. Two species. Cinosternon, Wagler. Head subquadrangular, pyramidal ; a single rhomboidal plate upon the cra- nium ; jaws slightly hoolied ; barbels under the chin ; scales of the shell slightly imbricated ; 23 marginal scutes ; sternum oval, moveable in front and posteriorly upon a fixed piece, provided with eleven scales, with short, narrow, subhorizon- tal wings ; a very large axillary, an inguinal still larger ; tail long, (in the males,) unguiculated. (Staurotypus with a larger sternum, and the posterior part of the sternum movable.) Three species. Sub-Fam. PLEURODERID.E. Gen. SternothvErus, Bell. Head depressed, provided with plates ; jaws not denticulated ; no nuchal plate ; sternum large, with very narrow lateral prolongations; anterior portion of the plastron rounded, moveable; five nails to each extremity. (Three species, all from Madagascar. We have three shells of this genus from W. Africa.) Oa leave granted, Dr. Le Conte offered the following, which was unanimously adopted : Resolved, That a special vote of thanks be presented by the Academy to Dr. E. K. Kane, U. S. Navy, for his numerous and valuable dona- tions to the Museum of the Academy. June 24 ^/i. Vice President Bridges in the Chair. The Committee on Messrs. Berkeley and Curtis' paper, read 10th inst. reported in favor of publication in the Journal. The Committees on Mr. Sager's pnpor, read May 13th; on Mr. Lea's paper, read June od ; on Messrs. Meek & Hayden's paper, read 10th inst.; on Prof. Harper's paper, read 17th inst.; and on Mr. Taylor's and Dr. Hallo well's papers, read same date, severally reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings. 1856.] 109 Descriptions of three Myriapoda. By Ab. Sager. CRASPEDOSOMAD^, Gray. Gen. Reasia? Gr. Sp. R. SPiNOSA, Nob. Body consists of sixty or sixty-one segments, exclusive of the head and ultimate bivalve scale. Segments all marked with sharp longi- tudinal ridges, the size of which vary considerably. On each side and between the mesial line and stigmata, are seven nearly equal ridges, that border the mesial line somewhat lower than the rest. On the sides are three larger ones terminated with spines, between which there are two smaller and spineless ones; the superior spinous ridge is semi-double and connected with the stigmata ; below these are nine or ten smaller ridges, gradually diminishing as they ap- proach the basis of the feet; anterior and posterior segments about equal to the adjoining ones, head glabrous ; eyes a black triangular patch at the outer base of the antennae ; body cylindrical, chesnut brown, with a paler dorsal line covering the two dorsal ridges, and a pale lateral line covering the series of the stigmata ; feet and antennte rufous. Differs from the Reasia of Gray in eyes, in a triangular instead of a linear spot, and from the Cylindrosoma of the same author in the distinctness of the ridges and not having a reniform eye spot. Nearly allied to the Julus lactarius of Say. Gen. Stenonia, Gr. Sp. S. HispiDA, Nob. Body composed of seventeen double segments, dis- tincly divided on the dorsal mesial line. Body depressed, margins of segments quite prominent and curved forwards near the head, in the middle and poste- riorly transverse or curved slightly backwards. Surface of each segment covered with five rows of distinct tubercles, arranged somewhat in quincuncial order. From the direction of the tubercles the lateral and posterior margins of each segment appear serrated. First cervical segment smaller than the next, rounded anteriorly, straight and narrower behind, and obliquely truncated on the sides. The posterior segment about equal to the next in length, is triangular, the apex armed with a stiff hair. Color pale red above, feet and ventral surface flesh colored. Length Q'". Under decayed logs. Gen. Strigamia, Gr. Sp. S. fulva, Nob. Body somewhat depressed, slightly narrowed towards the extremities, smooth above, rough and villous on the sides and beneath ; feet hairy ; posterior pair equal in length and twice as large as the next; antennal segments obconical, except the last, which is elliptical, and as long as the two preceding ones. Alternate dorsal scut« form a slight, obtuse, lateral process. Color fulvous tibove, fawn colored on the sides and beneath. Approximates closely to the Geophilus rubens of Say. Description of Thirteen New Species of Exotic Peristomata. By Isaac Lea. Paludina Hainesiaxa. Testa ventricoso-conoidea, subglobosa, ponderosa, solida, viridi-palida, arctissime umbilicata, Icevi ; spira obtusa, ad apicem carnea ; suturis valde impressis ; anfractibus senis, convexis, ultimo amplo ; apertura magna, subrotundata, intus albida ; columella alba, crassa, incurvata. Hab. Siam. S. R. House, M.D. -) Paludina umbilicata. Testa oarinata, obtuse conoidea, viridi-brunea, sub- tenui, umbilicata, Ijevi ; spira obtusa, babylonica ; suturis linearibus ; anfractibus senis, carinatis, superne planulatis ; apertura subrotundata, intus albida ; um- bilico spiraliter carinato ; columella incurvata. Hab. Takroug River, Siam. W. A. Haines. 110 [June, Paludixa chinensis. Testa- carinata, pyramidata, rufo-castaned, subcrassa, arctissime ambilicata, striata ; spira elevata ; suturis impressis ; anfractibus sep- tenis, planulatis, in medio carinatis, superne geniculata ; apertura. subrotunda, incurvata ; labro angulato. Hub. China. W. A. Haines. Paludina Swainsoniana. Testa globosa, subsolida, tenebroso-viridi, arctis- sime unibilicata, laevi ; spira obtusa ; suturis valde impressis ; anfractibus instar quinis, convexis ; apertura rotundata, intus albida. Hab. Siam. T. R. lugalls, M.D. Paludina Ingallsiana. Testa carinata, obtuse conoidea, tenebroso-viridi, tenui, umbilicata, nitida ; spira obtusa ; suturis linearibus, anfractibus senis, subplanulatis, minutissime et transverse striatis; apertura rotundato-elliptica, inferne subangulata, intus cceruleo-alba. Hab. Siam. T. R. Ingalls, M.D. BiTHiNiA SiAMENSis. Testa ovato-concoidea, palido-olivacea, tenui, diaphana, nitida, lajvi, arctissime umbilicata ; spira subelevata ; suturis linearibus ; anfrac- tibus iustar senis, convexis ; apertura ovato-rotundata, incrassata, superne an- gulata, intus albida. Operculo calcareo, extrinsecus striis concentricis, intus granulato. Hab. Takrong River, Siam. S. R. House, M.D. BiTHiNiA GLOBULA. Tcsta globosa, palido-olivacea, tenui, diaphana, laevi ; imperforata ; spira depressa, ad apice obtusa ; suturis impressis ; anfractibus quaternis, ventricosis ; apertura rotundata, incrassata, subreflexa, superne angu- lata, intus albida ; columella incrassata. Operculo calcareo Ijevi, marginata. Hab. India. W. A. Haines. ci (Turbo Francisci of Wood,) is aa example. We nume it in honor of Mr. T. A. Conrad, of Trenton New Jersey. Locality. Bad Lands of the Judith. Paludina peculiaris. Shell trochiform, rather thin, oblique ; spire conical, acute at apex; volutions (five and a halt?) flattened convex, last one distinctly angular a little below the middle ; surface marked with fine, rather indistinct lines of growth, crossed by neaily obsolete, exceedingly fine revolving striae; suture moderatelj dtfined ; aperture round ovate, or sub-quadrate. Our specimens of this species arc imperfect at both extremities ; some of them have a breadth of 53 inch, and indicate a length of about -f 0 inch The apical angle of a specimen consisting of the lower two whorls is 47°; but as it waa probably greater near the apex, the mean may have been as great as 50°. In form and general appearance it is very much like the last, and may possibly prove to be onl, a variety ot that species; it is, however, a thinner shell, and the voluii'ms are more convex. Locality. Fort Claik. Paludina trochiformis. Shell trochiform, thin ; spire conical, pointed at the apex ; volutions five and a half to i-ix, nearly flat, and ornamented by two slightly elevated revolving ririges; last whorl strongly angular below the middle ; surface marked with ver\ fine lines of growth, and exceedingly slender, raised, revolving lines ; suture linear, scarce- 1856.] 123 If distinct ; aperture sub-quadrate, or rounded ovate, more angular above, broad- ly rounded below ; lip thin, reflexed on the colutnf-llar side below, but leaving a small umbilical groove; columella strongly arcuate. Length -S*] inch; breadth •73 inch ; apical angle convex, divergence 73° to 77°. ^ This interesting shell is so unlike the usual forms of PalUdina, that we would have referred it to that genus with much doubt, had it not been for the fact that we have from the same bed some intermediate gradations between it and the risual typical forms of the genus. One of these, P. Leidyi of ih'S paper must be (judging from the upper volutions,) in its young state, almost exactly like this, both in form and surlace markings, yet at maturity, its last volution loses almost entirely the angular outline characterizing this species at all stages of its growth. We have seen fragments of this species indicating a size at least three times as great as that of the specimen from which the above measurements were taken. P. cingulata of Matheron (see Catalogue Methodique, &c., p. 223,) from the Lignite formations near the mouth of the Rhone, resembles this more than any fossil species with which we are acquainted, but ditFersin the surface markings. Amongst recent species it has two or three closely allied representatives, now in- Ijahitingthe rivers of China and Siam, of which P. pyrimidata (Phillippi) is an exam [lie. LoculHy. Ten miles below Fort Union. Palt'dina Leidyi. Shell very large, conical-ovate, oblique, thin ; spire elevated ; upper volutiona flattened, and ornamented by two indistinct revolving ridges ; lower ones more rounded, last rather ventri-ose, and obscurely angular below ; suture linear and scarcely distinct above, but well defined between the lower whorls ; surface marke(l with distinct lines of growth, crossed by very fine, elevated revolving lines, generally obsolete on the lower volutions; aperture apparently ovate; in- ner lip spread upon the body whorl, but leaving partly uncovered a small, d(!ep, oblique umbilical pit. Length about 1 86 inches; breadth 1-32 inches; apical angle convex, divergence 65°. The most remarkable ftatures about this fine Paludina, are is large size, and the peculi'irity of having the lower volutions smoothly rounded, or more or less convex, while those nearest the apex are flattened and ornamented by two ob- scure revolving ridges. The angle on the lower part of the last whorl is very- obscure near the aperture, but becomi°s more distinct higher up, and must be quite conspicuous on young shells. Unfortunately we have no specimens with the aperture entire. (Jnr best specimen consists of four volutions, and judging from the appearance of the broken apex, it must have had about two more. We name this species after Prof Joseph Leidy, of the University of Pennsyl- vania. Localiiij. Ten miles below Fort Union. Valvata parvula. Shell very small, much depressed or subdiscoidal ; spire rising little above the body whorl ^ volutions about three, nearly cylindrical, and having near the middle, on the upper and lower sides, a distinct linear carina ; surface marked with strong regular lines of growth ; sutures distinct ; umbilicus wide and deep, showing all the volutions to the apex, aperture round or transversely oval. Height .05 inch ; breadth .10 inch. Frnm V. tricarinata (Say,) some varieties of which this resembles more than any spec es known to us, it differs in having a wider umbilicus, less elevated spire, and much stronger lines of growth. Localvy. — Three miles below Fort Union. Melania minutdla. Shell minute, elongate conical ; volutions seven to seven and a hilf, convex, increasine gradually from the apex and flattened obliquely outwsrd fiom above, near two-thirds of the way down, whence they round abruptly in to the suture 124 [June, below, so as to form an obscure angle below the middle ; suture very distinct ; surface faintly marked with fine lines of growth ; aperture ovate or sub-rhom- boidal, angular above, widest near the middle, very narrowly rounded and ob- scurely sinuate on the inner side below; columella somewhat less arcuate than the outer side of the aperture ; lip thin and slightly refiexed at its junction with the lower part of the columella. Length -16 inch ; breadth -05 inch ; length of aperture -04 inch, breadth do. -03 inch ; apical angle regular, divergence 20" to This beautiful little Melania approaches very near in size as well as in form, M. spina, a Miocene species described by M. Grataloup {Conch. Melan. 10, t. 5, fig. 6 and 7,) but differs in having fewer and more convex volutions. Locality. Three miles below Fort Union. Melania Anthonyi. Shell very small, conical-ovate ; spire not much elevated ; volutions five to five and a half, slightly convex, increasing somewhat rapidly from the apex, last one rather large and obtusely angular below; surface marked witb fine, indistinct lines of growth, crossed by extremely fine, nearly obsolete, revolving striae ; suture well defitied; aperture ovate, angular above, widest a little telow the middle, narrowly rounded and very faintly sinuate on the inner side below; lip thin, elighily reflexed on the lower and inner side, but leaving open a small umbilical perf )ration ; columella regularly arcuate. Length -18 inch ; breadth -10 inch ; length of aperture -OG inch; breadth of do. -01 inch ; apical angle slightly convex, div. rgence 41°. Without a very careful examination with a good lens, in a favorable light, (he extremely fine revolving strias on this neat little shell would be overlooked. In form it is almost an exact miniature of M. Xebrascensis of this paper, but a care- ful comparison with the young of that species of its own size, shows it to be quite different. In addition to this, it occurs in great abundance at localities where no authentic specimens of that species were met with. We have no doubt of its being an adult shell. We name it after Mr. John G. Anthony, of Cincinnati, Ohio, to whom we are under obligations for suggestions in regard to it and two or three other species described in this paper. Licaliiy. Yellow stone river, thirty miles above the mouth. Melania mcltistriata. Shell small, elongate-ovate ; spire conical, somewhat elevated, acute at the apex ; volutions five and a half to six, convex ; surface marked with fine indis- tinct lines of growth, and exceedingly fine, closely arranged revolving striae ; suture well defined ; aperture narrow-oval, or ovate, contracted, but scarcely sinuous below; columella regularly curved. Length -23 inch ; breadth 12 inch ; length of aperture -10 inch ; breadth of do. -06 inch ; apical angle regular, diver- gence 39°. This may be distinguished from the last by its more elevated spire, and more elongated body whorl, which is never angular below. The aperture is also narrower, and the columella imperforate. From the young of M. Nebr^iscensis of its own size, it differs in bemg more elongated, and in having one or two more whorls. The revolving striae are also more uniform, and so very fine as to be only visible by the aid of a strong mHgnifier. Locality. Ten miles above Fort Union. Melania Nebbascensis. Shell elongate-ovate ; spire conical, not very much elevated, acute at the apex ; volutions about six, flattened convex; surface marked by fine lines of growth, crossed by numerous more or les^ elevated revolving lines, some of which, on the middle of the whorls, are sometimes so much larger than the others as to form distinct carinas; suture strongly impressed; aperture ovte, angular above, narrowly rounded and very faintly sinuous below ; outer lip prominent below the middle ; columella regularly curved. Length -78 inch ; breadth -42 inch ; length 1856.] 125 of aperture -37 inch; breadth of do. -21 inch; apical angle convex or nearly regular, dlvprgence (variable) 44°. This sppcies presents numerous varieties of forna, apparently dependent upon age. In younger individuals the spire is relatively less elevated, the whorls more rounded and the aperture larger and more oblique. In its surface njHrkitigs it also varies greatly, even in specimens of the same size. The carinoe formed by the laiger revolving lines being in some specimens quite distinct, while in others they are scarcely larger than the finer revolving lines which may be seen by the aid of a lens to form, with the lines of growth, a delicate sub-cancellate surface on all parts of the shell. On other specimens, all these surface markings are almost euiirely wanting. Locality. Ten miles above Fort Union. Melania convexa. Shell rather large, much elongated, sub-cylindrical or terete ; volutions (about ten?) fi'it, closely wouud, and increasing very gradually from the apex; surface ornamented by fine lines of growth, ciossed by distinct, regular, thread-like, re- volving: lines, and extremely fine, nearly obsolete revolving striae ; suture general- ly indistincr; aperture apparently ovate ; lip thin, having a broad very shallow sinus helow \h^. suture, and another near the base of the columella. Length about 1-60 inches ; breadth -48 inch; length of aperture -45 inch ; apical angle convex, divergence 21°. Our b^st specimen of this interesting species consists of seven volutions, and appears to have lost two or three others from the apex ; the aperture is also dis- torted. Tbe larger revolving lines, about seven of which may be counted on the .second volution, are quite distinct, and near one-third as wide as tbe spaces between, while the liner revolving strias are closely crowded, and so small as to be only seen by the aid of a good lens. The divergence of the apical angle, be- low the middle of an adult shell, is noc more than 13", while above, (and in yout)g shells,) it is as mufh as 28° to 30°. In tlie last number of tbe Proceedings of the Academy, we described a shell resembling this very closely in form, from the Yellow Sione river, where it was found associated, in a loose mass, with fragments of an Ostrea and a small Cre- taceaus species of Oardnim, (C. rarum, Evans and Shumard). Our specimens being worn and imperfect, we supposed, from its associates, it must be a marine shell, and referred it to tbe genus Turrilella, under the name of T. convex i We now think it may possibly be a specimen of this species, from the junction of tbe Cretaceous and Tertiary beds. Locality. Bad Lands of the Judith. Cerithium Nebrascensis. Shell elongate-conical, very slender, whorls (nine?) convex, and ornamented by three revolving rows of sharply elevated granules, placed upon obscure vertical folds; surface marked with very fine lines of growth, crossed by much stronger, elevated, thread-like, revolving lines, two, three, or more ot which may be counted between each row of granules, suture distinct; aperture ap- parently nearly circular, but teiminating below on the inner side, in a small notch. Length about 1 inch ; breadth -29 inch ; apical angle regular, diver- gence 19°. On the lower part of the body whorl there are three or four small revolving lines, two of the upper of which are sometimes granular, making on this whorl five rows of granules. Between these and the next row above, one of the revolv- ing liiif^s is also minutely granular. Inform and general appearance, this re- semhl it: two or three species described by Deshays, from tbe Paris basm, but on close cmnparison, we find it quite distinct from them all. Amongst existing species, it appears to be nearest C. granulosum, and estuary species from the Western coast of Africa. Locality. Near head waters of Little Missouri. 126 [June, We are under obligations to Prof. James Hall, of Albany, New York, for the free use of his extensive collection of books on Palaeontology, as well as for occasional sugestions while investigating the Nebraska fossils, described in this and our former papers. Correction. In a paper communicated by us to the Academy in March last, and published in the preceding number of the Proceedings, we referred to the genus Pyrula a shell (P. Z?a!rf/f, page 66), which we have since satisfied ourselves belongs more correctly to the genus Busycon of Bolten ;. we now change the name to Bmycon Bairdi. Ceratites Americanus. By Professor L. Harper, University of Mississippi. The Ceratites, a Cephalopodus mollusk, subgenus of Ammonites, has been discovered in Europe long ago. All the European species, without any excep- tion, belong to the new red sandstone or Triassic formation. Twenty-one species have, according to Bronn, been placed in the St. Cassian formation in Tyrol, to which the lowest place in the Trias has most probably to b^i assigned. One species is found in the St. Cassian rocks and also in the Muschelkalk ; one in the Bunter sandstein and the Muschelkalk, and of the remaining eight species, three belong certainly and five probably to the Muschelkalk of the Trias. The Cerrttiips were therefore considered as characteristic, and belonging exclusi^-ely to the nciv red sandstone formation, and exclusively a European fossil, until a few years ago L. V. Bach, the late great German Geologist, discovered a Cera- tites in the cretaceous rocks of the Caucassus, which he called Ceratites Syriacus. No species of the Ceratites has heretofore been found on the continent of Ame- rica. About three years ago, in summer, 1853, when I was in the State of Alabama, I examined the bed of the Tuscaloosa or Black Warrior River, near the little village of Erie in Greene County, about 12 miles above the confluence of the Tombigbee and Black Warrior rivers, between the 32d and 33d degrees of north latitude, where the river cuts through the lowest part of the cretaceous forma- tion of our southern State^", corresponding most probably to the Turonien ot D'Orhigny. The bluff of the river consists here entirely of different strata of green sand, divided in several parts by thin seams of a hard co' glomerate of peroxide of iron and green sand, and is from 50 to 95 feet high. The river was then unusually low, and more than one-half of its bed perfectly dry and acces- sible. On a sand-bank in the middle of the river, immediately below a very deep place, were found, among other evidently cretaceous fossils, three specimens of a smalJ Ammonite, which, after a careful examination, I immediately recognized to be a species of Ceratites, in which opinion I was later confirmed by as high an authority as Prof. L. Agassiz, of Cambridge, who pronounced it to be a new species of Ceratites, closely allied to Ceraticus Syriacus of L. V. Btich. This bfiog the first Ceratites ever found on the continent of America, I pro- pose for it the name of Ceratites americanus. Testa compressa, disco baud dissimili, paulisper deneata ad aperturam, val- deque at.tenua'a ad apicern, et pra3cipue subito accrescente a medio usque ad apenuram; aufractibus duabus, secundo amplecto primi ventre et tanquara in Btriam posito ; apertu-a semi-ovata ; loborum numero, in vita, sex, toti- demquf» sidhe, loho ventrali attamen nonnihil indistincto ; lobis dentibus tribns raunitis, qui magnitudinis causa etiam lobi secundarei vocarentur; septis angu- larihus dorso relrorsum flexis ; siphunculo dorsali. The two specimens, still in my possession and here represented, are both very 1856.] 127 much water-wore. They are both flat and discoid, No. 2 more so than No. 1 ; both taper very much towards the apex, and increase especially rapidly from the middle towards the aperture. Both consist of at must two whorls, the dorsal part of the second being more than half overlapped by the ventral part of the first, and lying, as it were, in a groove. They have ap[)arently six lobes and as many saddles, the lobes being provided with three teeth, which, on account cf their size, might rather be called sscondary lobes. The septa are angular and bent backwards on the back. The siphuncle is dorsal, as seen on fig. A, where it is broken out and has left a groove. In No. 1 the latter half of the second whorl is broken out and a hole is left. The size of both specimens is very nearly the same. No. I measures in length 58-3 millimetres, in width 50- s., and in thickness 31. No. 2 measures in length 51- s. millimitres, in width 46, and in thickness 26. No. 2. No. 1. I was first inclined to recognize in the three ppecimens two different species, hut the somewhat different appearance seems to have been caused by the attri- tion which they have undergone. The question arises here, from which formation these Ceratites come ? The circumsrances that they have been found in the lower cretaceous formation, that carbonate of lime is the fossillizer, and that they are closely allied to Ceratites Syriacus of the cretaceous formation of Asia Minor, are indeed strong reasons to pronounce them to be cretaceous fossils, but this seems to me still somewhat doubtful. 128 [June, When I first saw them, I was not aware that Ceratites had ever been found in any other but in the Triassic formation, and the discovery astonished me in a high degree. I was indeed induced to believe that they indicated the presence of the Trias somewhere not very far from the place where they were found, until I saw that L. V. Buch found Ceratites in the cretaceous rocks. It is true the specimeos alluded to were found on a sand-bank in the Black Warrior River, where it cuts through the lowest part of the cretaceous formation of our southern States, just below a very deep place of the river ; but are they not marked out of a formation underlying the upper secondary and reactied by the water of the river in that deep place ? If these Ceratites were a fossil belong- ing to the cretaceous formation, even to the very lowest part of it, specimens of them must and would have been found before and after my finding them. There are a great many places in Alabama, as well as in Mississippi and Tennessee, where the lower part of the cretaceous rocks crops out, where it is cut through by rivers and gullies, and where it has often and carefully been examined and searched for fossils, but never, neither before nor afterwards, have specimens of Ceratites been found. I have myself carefully examined a good many such outcrops in Alabama, even the one where the Ceratites were found ; as State Geologist of Mississippi, and for more than two years engaged in the geological survey of this State, 1 have examined very nearly all the outcrops of the lower cretaceous formation, which is here still better developed than in Alabama ; I have made it a particular point to search carefully for Ceratites, but never again have I succeeded to find another specimen of the Ceratites; nor have I ever heard that any one of the many amateurs that collect fossils has ever seen or found one. That the above described specimens of Ceratites have been washed out of a formation underlying the cretaceous rocks in Alabama, seems to me the more probable, first, as there is in that State between the carboniferous and creta- ceous formation an area occupied by an intermediate, undetermined formation, extending from Autuga County through parts of Bibb, Tuscaloosa and Pi> kens to Fayette County, which has been laid down in the geological chart of thai State of 1849 (by a typographical error, as I understand,) as iertiari/. hat -which, although in many places covered by drifted tertiary sands and clay, is by no means tertiary. It goes under the lower cretaceous rocks and is overlapped by them, is clearly visible, not only in the northern part of the town of Eutaw, but also at Finch's Ferry, on the Black Warrior, in Greene County. What forma- tion this is seems difiicult to decide, it being devoid of fossils. It must, of course, be one of the older formations, intermediate between the coal and the lime, and I should not at all be astonished if a careful examination should give the resul: of its classification among the Poikilitic rocks, to which its variegated clay bears indeed great resemblance. Another reason which renders it more probable that the Ceratites have been worked out of a formation wnderlying the cretaceous formation, is that nearly all the Artesian wells in Greene County, in Alabama, contain a great deal of chloride of sodium and give really salt water. It is not very probable that this chloride of sodium, very seldom, if ever, comes from the salt-bearing cretaceous formation. Examination of the Meteoric Iron from Jiiquipilco, Mexico^ By W. J. Taylor. The meteoric iron from Xiquipilco, Mexico, appears to have been first men- tioned in the Gazeta de Mexico in 1'784. It is stated there that small pieces of native iron, from a few ounces to fifty pounds in weight, were very numerous, which were sought for by the Indians after heavy rains, who used them for manufacturing agricultural implements. In a dissertation on metallic meteorites by Prof. W. S. Clark, the following notices of its literature are given : Ann. des Mines t. 2, ser. 1, p. 337. Gazeta de Mexico 1784—85, vol. i., pp. 146, 200. Klaproth Beitrage zur chemischen 1856.] 129 Xenntniss der Mineral Kiirper, B. 4, S. 101. Sonnenscbmit, Beschriebungder vorzii/lichsten Bergsrerke. Reviere in Mexico 1804, S. 192 and 288. Cbaldni, (U. F M. S. 336.) Partsch, (D. M. S. 99.) In the examiuation made by M. Berthein he failed to detect the presence of cobalt, but it is mentioned by Prof. Clark that Manross had found it in a speci- men from the cabinet of Prof. Wohler ; my examination confirms in this respect that of M. Manross. To the kindness of W. S. Vaux, Esq., I am indebted for the material for this investigation ; Mr. Vaux has in his magnificent cabinet the principal portion of a mass which weighed over ten pounds. It was originally about six inches long, with an average diameter of three inches ; the lump was oblong with rounded ends, the whole beiug covered with a thin crust of limonite. A cross section cut from this lump has been carefully polished and etched by strong nitric acid, which gives a most beautiful surface of about three and a half inches in length by two and a half in breadth, covered with the greatest complexity of widmannstellian figures which almost defy description. The surface is crossed by bands about one-tenth to one-sixteenth of an inch In breadth ; these apparent bands are cross sections of different planes, as i8 readily perceived by their different refractive powers. On changing the position of the specimen those that are a bright silvery- white in one direction, become a dull gray in another, and vice versa. There are several systems of bands, which preserve a parallelism among themselves and cross other systems at various angles, forming trapezoids, rhombs and triangles. These several fields and their characteristic etchings will be described in detail at some future time. Along the bands or planes thin lami- nae of schreibersite have been observed, as in other meteoric irons. Imbedded in one side of the large lump (just described) was a globule of pyrrhi'tine, which looks as if it had been dropped into the iron when it was in a semi-fluid state. This globule appears to have been about an inch in diameter; it was in part decomposed, but a small portion of the mineral was separated sufficiently pure for the determination of its specific gravity and analyses. On dissolving it in hydrochloric acid, thin laminae of schreibersite separated with minute portions of chromic iron. Through the kindness of Dr. F. A. Genth, I have been permitted to make the following analyses in his laboratory : Pyrrhotine dissolved in nitric acid, gave Sulphur, - - _ - . Iron, ------ Nickel, Cobalt, - _ - - - Silicon, --.--. Phosphorus, - - - - 99-27 " No. 2. Dissolved in hydrochloric acid, gave — Iron, ..._.- 58'25 per cent. A residue remained, which was dissolved after being treated with hydrochloric acid and chlorate of potash ; it consisted of — Copper, .-.--- 012 per cent. The remainder consisted principally of chromic iron, with a small portion of schreibersite. The specific gravity was found to be 4-822. The ratio of sulphur to the metals vas found to be Sulphur, 2-102 Iron, 2*066 "> , Nickel and Cobalt, 0-245 ) "''^"^ It will be seen that the composition corresponds with that of pyrrhotine, con- sidering its formula to be FeS, if we disregard the few impurities which were found with it. The meteoric iron was first treated in a flask with hydrochloric acid, and the 33-76 per cent. 57 95 6-70 -56 -05 •25 130 [June, gas evolved wa3 passed through a solutioa of ammonia chloride of copper, but not a trace of sulphur could be detected in this manner. Id the 5th supplement to Rammelsberg's Handworterbuch der Chemischen Mineralogie, th's meteoric iron is mentioned as passive, experiments having been made by Prof. Wohler ; but the piece belonging to Mr Vaux is evidently active, throwing down metallic copper from a neutral solution of its sulphate. ThJf! experiment was repeated with great care with confirmatory results. No. 1 was dissolved in hydrochloric acid, and a slight precipitate was obtained by hydrosulphuric acid, which, on a careful examiualioa before the blow-pipe, was found to be copper with a trace of tin. Iron, - - - - - - 90V2 per cent. Niciiel, 8-49 Cobalt, •44 Schreibersite, chromic iron, &c., - •.^8 Silicon, .-_--- •25 Phosphorus, . • - . . •18 The phosphorus was estimated in a separate portion, which was first oxydixed by nitric acid and fused in a platinum crucible with carbonate of soda. No. 2 was dissolved in nitric acid. It gave — Iron, - - - - - - 90 37 per cent. Nickel, 7-79 Insolublo residue, - - - - 191 " Description of two new species of Urodeles, frovi Georgia. By Edward Hallowell, M.D. Sub-Fam. BOLITOGLOSSID.^. PSEUDOTRITON MARGISATUS, nob. ') Char. Head small, depressed, rounded in front; eyes lateral, oblique, not prominent, looking upward and outward ; gape of the mouth extending a short distance behind the posterior commissure of the eye; maxillary teeth small, internal nares small and circular; a transverse row of vomerine teeth on each side passing beliind the internal nares, continuous with several rows of longi- tudinal palatine teeth diverging posteriorly, so as to leave a wide interspace in the shape of the letter Y reversed ; tongue small, circular, bolitoglossal, free hX the edges, and supported upon a small central pedicel ; body slender, cylindrical ; extremities slender; toes 4 — 5 ; tail somewhat compressed, longer than body. Color. Dark ash color above, almost black, shaded obscurely with yellow ; a lateral band of dusky white margined with black on each side near the abdo- men, exteoding from the anterior to the posterior extremities ; under parts dnsij white, very minutely spotted or blotched with black. Dimensions. Length of head 3 lines ; greatest breadth 2 lines ; length of rect and body to vent 1 inch 4 lines, (Fr. ;) length of tail 1 inch 4 lines. Total length 2 inches II lines. Hibitnt. Liberty County, Georgia. One specimen in Mus. Acad. Nat. Sc, presented by Major Le Conte. PSECDOTRITON FLAVISSIMCS, nob. Char. Head of moderate size, rounded above; snout truncate; eyes ratbfT prominent, latero-superior, oblique, looking upward and outward ; tongue small, circular, raushroom-shaped, supported upon a central pedicel, the edges free; internal nares rather small, ovoid or subcircular in shape; maxillary teeth minute, sharp-pointed, the points directed backward; vomerine and palatine teeth as in marginalus; body more robust than in the former species, more or less compressed upon the sides ; extremities slender: tail compressed, of nearlj Bame length as body, (about a line longer.) 1856.] 131 Color. Yellow above, incllulog to brown, with very numerous small black spots; under parts of a brighter yellow throughout, without spots. Dimen&ions . Length of head 4 lines ; greatest breadth 3 lines; length of neck and body 1 inch 1\ lines, (Fr. ;) ol tail 1 inch 5 lines ; total length 3 inches 1 lines. Ilabitat. With the preceding in Georgia. One specimen in Mus. Acad. Nat. Sc, presented by Mnjor Le Cunie, U. S. A. Contributions to the Ichthyology of the Western Coast of the United States, from specimens in the museum of the Smithsonion Institution. By Charles Girard, M. D. Two years have scarcely elapsed since I communicated to the Academy de- scriptions of various fishes collected upon different points of the Pacific coast of North America. Dnring that period the indefatigable researches of several oifi- ccs of the U. S. Army, and naturalists attached to the surveys made under orders from the General Government, have brought to light nuxny new and in- teresting members of that class of animals, and of which I propose now to give a brief account, extracted from final Reports, made to the officers in charge of these surveys. It has also been deemed advisable to mention such changes as have been made in the generic position of several species previously described, either by me or others, in order to give a more correct idea of the Reports just alluded to. It will be remembered that while I was engaged in those investigations of our Western fishes, two naturalists, Drs. W. 0. Ayers and W. P. Gibbons, both resi- dents of San Francisco, Cal., had (without any knowledge of what I was doing,) described a certain number of species, some of which we already know have proved identical with my own. The law of priority in their publication will decide upon the names to be finally adopted in the nomenclature. So far I have been unwilling to settle upon any identifications without the specimens to go by, in order to avoid confusion as well as complicate the sj'nonymy. Drs. AyreK and Gibbons, both, have shown an earnest desire to furnish me with authentic specimens of the species which they have described, and I am happy to say that from the former I have been favored by a good many up to this day, as will be seen further on. For reference to the species described by Prof. Agassiz, some of which havf appeared in my papers, it is but just to say that such identifications as were at- tempted by me, were made from the accounts published at that time. As far a.s genera are concerned I feel confident that no error was committed ; in regard to the species I entertain certain doubts which can not be removed by the docu- ments at our command. I have sought to do justice to the subject from the very beginning, and rather than introduce any changes in their present nomencla- ture I send them before the world as they now stand. With the above preliminaries I proceed into the subject. The species formerly described by me under the genus Lahrax were found, upon further examination, to constitute a genus by itself, the relationship of which being more those of Serranus than of Labrax, and it is in the vicinity of the former that it ought to be placed in the ichthyic method. From Serranus it may be distinguished by the outline of the spinous dorsal fin, and the rela- tive development of the canine taeth, which are so small as to have suggested the idea that the species belonged to Labrax. The new genus we will henceforth call FARALABRAX, and characterise as follow : " General physiognomy that of Labrax, but the first dorsal fin is contiguous to the second as in Serranus. The profil of the body is subfusiform the caudal fin subtruncated or slightly emarginated posteriorly. 132 [June, The head is subconical, the lower jaw a little longer than the upper, the mouth rather large ; card-like teeth upon the premaxillaries, dentaries, vomer and pala- tines, with a row of small canine teeth along the edges of the jaws. Tongue smooth. Small and homogenous spines upon the outer curve of the preopercle. Two small and inconspicuous spines upon the margin of the opercle. Edge of suborbital, entire ; humerus denticulated ; opercular apparatus and cheeks cover- ed with scales, smaller on the cheeks than on the opercles. Gill openings con- tinuous under the throat ; branchiostegal rays, six in number. Scales minutely serrated posteriorly." Paralabrax nebulifer and P. clathratus are the two species. Dr. Ayres's Centrarchus maculosus is my C. interruptus. A new and interesting member of the group TrachinidoB, we inscribe into the method under the appellation of HOMALOPOMUS, " Thegeneral aspect of which is elongated, the mouth large, the lower jaw long- est ; upper and lower jaws provided with canine teeth ; card-like teeth on the vomer. Palatines toothless ; tongue smooth. Dorsal fins separated ; anterior, small and subtriangular ; posterior, extending mostly to rest of space towards the caudal. Anal fin longer than deep, situated far back. Opercular apparatus spineless and scaly ; cheeks smooth and scaleless. Upper surface of head cover- ed with minute scales. Scales covering the body of moderate development with posterior margin entire, and smooth. Gill openings continuous under the head ; branchiostegals, six in number." A single species is known, several specimens of which were examined, all of which were collected at Astoria, Oregon Territory, by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A., to whom I take pleasure in dedicating it. HoMALOPOMUS TROWBRIDGII has the "snout pointed, the mouth deeply cleft, and the posterior extremity of the raaxillaries extending to the vertical line of the posterior edge of the puj)il. The eyes are large. The tips of the pectoral fins reach as far as the anterior margin of the anal fin. The color is greyish brown above, and silvery grey beneath." In the Cottoid group there are glorious additions. In the first place I have had the great satisfaction of identifying, from actual specimens, the Coitus asper of Sir John Richardson, and to describe it comparatively with the other members of the same genus. Amongst the truly marine representatives I will first introduce a type which seems to bear much closer affinities to the fresh water genera than was anticipa- ted. In naming it OLIGOCOTTUS, allusion is made chiefly to its diminutive size. We have full evidence that the specimens before us are adults, and consequently have not hesitated in the se- lection of that name. We are aware, however, that further search might bring to notice other species not quite so small and still of the same generic stamp. On the other hand, the etymology of a name is of but little avail towards eluci- dating the history of the object it designates. The natural characters of the genus will read as follows : "Head smooth, with the exception of a few spines upon the preopercle and snout. Upper jaw slightly the longest. Teeth upon the premaxillaries, dentaries, front of vomer and palatines. Gill openings continuous under the throat ; branchiostegals six. Dorsal fins contiguous. Caudal posteriorly rounded. Insertion of ventrals backwards the base of pec- torals. Origin of anal fin in advance of the anterior margin of second dorsal. Skin smooth, lateral line continuous for the whole length of the body." 1856.] 188 OlIGOCOTTUS MACCLOSnS. being the only species known at present, we will characterize it by saying : " that the mouth is moderately cleft ; the posterior extremity of the maxillary extending to a vertical line intersecting the pupil. A stoutish bicuspid processus on the convexity of the preopercle. Two acute nasal spines. Anterior dorsal lower than the second or posterior. Yellowish brown above, mottled or varie- gated with blackish ; along the dorsal region a series of blotches of a deeper hue; lower half of the sides vermiculated. Abdomen of a bright saffron or yellow hue in the male. Inferior surface of head with traces of black markings ; throat and abdomen unicolor, as also the ventrals and anal. Dorsals, caudal, and pectorals transversally barred." It has been observed on several points of the coast between the bay of San Francisco, Cal., to Puget Sound, W. T. In 1854, a few dried up specimens were taken near Presidio by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, but their precarious state of keeping did not permit us to classify them. The same was the case with those collected at Fort Steilacoom by Dr. Geo. Suckley. It is but very recently that well preserved specimens, collected by B. Samuels, in Tomales Bay, Cal., having reached us, we have been prepared to determine their position in the ichthyic method. The fish mentioned by Dr. Ayres under the name of Acanthocottusinermis jiroyes to be my Leptocottus armatus. Next in order is another and entirely new genus, for which the name of LEIOCOTTUS, has been selected, more particularly in reference to its smooth aspect. Its char- acters are : " head pei'fectly smooth : spines upon the preopercle only. Mouth moderately cleft : jaws equal. Teeth upon the premaxillaries, dentaries and front of the vomer ; none on the palatines. Barbules upon the maxillaries. Gill openings continuous under the throat ; branchiostegal rays five. Dorsals nearly contiguous upon their bases. Ventrals inserted backwards of the base of tlie pectorals. Caudal posteriorly subtruncated. Skin perfectly smooth, bearing neither prickles nor scales. Lateral line well marked and continuous from head to tail." The species which has come under my observation has so much of the aspect of Trigla that the specific name of Leiocottus hirundo suggested itself for it." The snout is declivous and rather pointed; the poste- rior extremity of the maxillary is provided with two or three barbules and reaches a vertical line drawn a little beyond the anterior rim of the orbit. Su- perior regions blackish brown ; abdomen whitish beneath ; inferior part of tail yellow." It was collected by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A. at the island of San Miguel, Cal. Dr. Ayres' Ilemitriptcrus marmoratus, is my Scorpj^nichthys marmoratus, Clypcocottus robustus of the same author, is my Aspicottus bison. The species described by me as Scorpcenichthys lateralis was subsequently re- ferred by Dr. Ayres to a new genus of his under the denomination of Calycilepi- dotus lateralLi, together with another species at that time unknown to me, under the name of C. spi/iosus. On a former occasion Dr. Ayres had announced the presence of two species of hemilepidoti in the Bay of San Francisco, for which he proposed the names of II. nebulosus and H. spinosus. My Scorpcemchihys lateralis was subsequently identified by himself to his If. nebulosus, and it was then that the genus Calycilepidotus appeared with two species: C. spinosus and C. lateralis. G. spinosus I have carefully examined, and I am satisfied that its proper place is in the genus Ilemilepidotus, as characterised by Cuvier. In order, however, to furnish reliable data to go upon, I must be permitted to offer a diagnosis of of that genus as it now stands. 10 134 [June, Hemilepidotus. '' Head rough and prickly, with membranous flaps on various parts; opercu- lar apparatus spinous. Mouth moderately cleft; jaws equal. Teeth upon the premaxillaries, dentaries, front of vomer and palatines. Gill openings sepa- rated beneath by an isthmus ; branchiostegals, six on either side. Dorsal fins contiguous. Caudal rounded posteriorly. Insertion of ventrals opposite the base of pectorals. Longitudinal bands of scales alternating with nacked areas ; scales themselves finely denticulated." Hemilepidotus spinosus •' has membranous flaps on the upper surface and sides of the head. The eyes are quite large. The posterior free extremity of the maxillary extends to a vertical line drawn at the posterior rim of the pupil. Dorsal band of scales composed of six rows or series ; lateral band of seven, five below and two above the lateral line. Ground color dark reddish brown, with darker transverse bands and blotches." Specimens labelled by Dr. Ayres were collected in the Bay of San Francisco, Oal., by Dr. John S. Newberrv ; others in Humboldt Bav, by Lt. W. P. Trow- bridge, U. S. A. " So much for Calycilepidotus spinosus : it is a true Hemilepidotus. As to C. lateralis, the second species of Dr. Ayres' genus, a careful study has convinced me that it is not specifically identical with my Scorpcenichthys lateralis. Subsequent investigations of more perfect si^ecimens have convinced me of the propriety of removing the latter from the genus Scorpsenichthys, and since I had uo specimens of Hemilepidotus nebulosus, Ayres, {Calycilepidotus lateralis, Ayres, non mihi) by which to determine its generic affinities, I have been compelled to institute, under the name of Artedius, a new genus to receive two species, the one above referred to, and formerly de- scribed by me as Scorpcenichlhys lateralis, and another which so far had remained unnoticed. The following are its characters : " Head rough, with supra-orbital membranous flaps. Spines upon the preopercle only. Mouth moderately cleft ; lower jaw slightly overlapped by the upper. Teeth upon the premaxillaries, dentaries, front of vomer, and palatines. Gill openings continuous under the throat ; branchiostegals five on either side. Dorsal fins separated. Caudal sub- truncated posteriorly. Insertion of ventrals opposite the base of the pectorals. A dorsal band of pectinated scales." Artedius lateralis. Scorpcenichthys lateralis, Grd., has the " surface of the head smooth. Preopercle armed with a flat bicuspid spine. Band of dorsal scales narrow, originating at the thoracic arch and extending to near the terminus of the base of the second dorsal. Anterior margin of first dorsal situated in advance of the thoracic arch. Deep chesnut brown above, maculated with yellowish ; beneath yellowish." Specimens collected at San Luis Obispo, Cal.. by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A. Artedius notospilotus is characterised by the " surface of the head being subtuberculous and scaly. Preopercle armed with a flat tricuspid spine. Anterior margin of first dorsal situated in advance of the beginning of the dorsal band of scales, which is broad and extends from the thoracic arch to near the terminus of the base of the second dorsal. Olivaceous, with a series of saddle-like black patches. Abdomen dull yellow or white." Collected by E. Samuels in Tomales Bay, Cal. Sebastes ruber, Ayres, is my Sebastes rosaceus. Sebasies nebulosus, Ayres, is my Sebastes pasciatus. Sebastes variabilis, Ayres (not Cuvier) is my Sebastes auriculatus. 1856.] 135 Sebastes melanops, .1, is a species hitherto nudcscribed, and which we thus characterise : " Upper sur- face of head generally spineless. Posterior extremity of maxillary reaching a vcrticalline drawn interiorly to the posterior rim of the orbit. Origin of dorsal fin opposite or else slightly in advance of the base of the pectorals. Upper re- gions blackish brown ; sides brownish, spotted with black ; beneath greyish brown." Specimens were collected at Cape Flattery, W. T., and at Astoria, 0. T.. bv Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A. A fine addition to the group of Heterolepids instituted in 1854 with two genera. Chirus and Ophiodon, is the new genus OPLOPOMA, characterised by an " elongated body, membranous flaps above the orbits, and spines on the preopercle. The snout is conical ; the mouth large, and the lower jaw the longest. Canine teeth upon the premaxillaries, dentaries, front of vomer aud the palatines. Gill openings continuous ; branchiostegals six on eitherside. Dorsal fins contiguous. Caudal posteriorly subcrescentic or else concave. In- sertion of ventrals a little posterior to the pectorals. Body covered by small cycloid scales." Oplopoma pantheeina, the only species hitherto known, has the " upper surface and sides of the bead granular. The preopercular spines are few, small and blunt. Posterior ex- tremity of maxillary extending beyond the orbit. Origin of anterior dorsal situated in advance of the convexity of the i^reopercle. Scales extending over the base of both the caudal and pectoral fins. Blackish brown above, reddish brown beneath. Dorsal and lateral regions spotted with black." Specimens of this species were collected by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, at Cape Flattery, W. T. Gastbrosteus serratus, Ayres, I have investigated carefully, and found speci- fically distinct from its congeners. I describe another speeies akin to it and G. plebeius. Gasterosteus inteemedius having the " body plated all over ; the peduncle of the tail keeled. Dorsal spines three, moderate in development and inconspicuouslj- serrated upon their edges ; anterior one inserted immediately behind the base of the pectorals. In- sertion of ventrals irnder the second dorsal spine ; their own spine being serrated upon both edges, more conspicuously above than below, and their extremities not extending as far as the tips of the ossa innominata. Posterior margin of caudal concave." Inhabits Cape Flattery, W. T., where it was collected by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A. Finally, under the name of Gasterosteus pugetti, I introduce a new species in which the " body is only plated in part. Dorsal spines three, slender, not serrated upon their edges ; anterior inserted immedi- ately behind the base of pectorals. Insertion of ventrals in advance of the second dorsal spine ; their own spine being slender, crenated upon its edges and extending beyond the tips of the os.w innorainata. Posterior margin of caudal slightly emarginated." Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound, W. T. ; collected by Dr. Geo. Suckley, U. S. A. Leiostomus lineattts, Ayres, has come within my observation. The species is characteristic. Specimens of it were brought home by Dr. J. S. Newberry. Leptogunellus gracilis, Ayres, I have likewise examined on specimens col- lected by Dr. Newberry and labelled by Dr. Ayres. 136 [June, GOBIUS NEWBERRTI is a small and very gi-aceful species of Goby, hitherto undescribed. The average size of many specimens observed is about two inches or less, the head forming the fourth of the total length. The first dorsal is contiguous to the second at its base, and is considerably lower than the latter. The mouth is deeply cleft, the posterior extremity of the maxillary extending to a vertical line passing posteriorly to the orbit. The origin of the anal is situated a little behind the anterior margin of the second dorsal : both fins terminate evenly, as far as con- cerns the tips of the posterior rays. The caudal forms the fifth of the total length. The ground color is olivaceous, but the upper regions appear blackish with isolated spots of the ground color ; the inferior regions are unicolor. Atherina storeri, Ayres, is my Atherinopsis californiensis. Rhacocheilus toxotes, Agass., was identified on a specimen collected by E. Samuels in Tomales Bay. Hysterocarpus traskii. Gibbons, could be recognized on a specimen collected at Fort Reading by Drs. J. F. Hammond and John S. Newberry. Another speci- men from the same locality had no irregular transverse bands of black, but was almost unicolor. Another species of viviparous fish, Embiotoca argyrosoma, is easily distinguished from its congener by the brilliant argentine tint of its entire body, though made a little darker along the dorsal region by a greyish or pinkish hue. The general form is elongated; the head rather small, subconical, rounded anteriorly, and contained four times and a half in the total length. The caudal is deeply forked. The posterior extremity of the anal extends a little more posteriorly than the dorsal. The tips of the pectorals reach a ver- tical line passing beyond the origin of the anal. Specimens were collected at San Francisco, Cal., by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A. Osmerus elongatus, Ayres, has been collected at San Francisco, Cal., by Dr. John S. Newberry. The specimens were identified by Dr. Ayres. A most important (I was almost goingto say unexpected) discovery of a white fish was made by the party on the R. R. Survey of California and Oregon, com- manded by Lt. R. S. Williamson. And since it is different from its hitherto known congener, we will call it COREGONUS WILLIAMSONI, as commemorative of that Survey. Its head is rather small, being contained about five times in the total length, which measures eleven inches. The mouth is very small and the posterior extremity of the maxillary does not extend as far back as the anterior rim of the orbit. The scales are large ; eighteen rows of them may be counted between the anterior margin of the dorsal and the inser- tion of the ventrals : nine above the lateral line, and eight below it. The lateral line, itself, is perfectly straight. The caudal fin forked as usual. The pectorals are rather small. I have alluded to the color in saying it was a white fish ; add to it a bluish grey hue along the back. It was collected by Dr. Newberry in the Des Chutes river, a tributary of the Columbia. In adding a second species to the genus Platichthys, the diagnose of this genus must be modified so as to read : " eyes on either the right or left side," for Platichthys umbrosus, which is the new species referred to, hag its eyes on the right, whilst in the species formerly described, they are on the left. It can also readily be distin- guished from its congener in having the body completely covered with scales, on the surface of some of which prickles or asperities are observed. The speci- men before us measures seven inches and a half, is of a uniform blackish brown hue on the right side and light brown on the left. It was collected by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A., at Cape Flattery, W. T. 1856.] 137 I have likewise a second species to add to my genus Pleuronichthys, taking this opportunity of correcting a lapsus lingiice which occurred in the diagnosis of its generic characters : " teeth very inconspicuous, occupying the colorless side of the jaws," instead of both sides of the jaw. That this was a mere accident will appear obvious by reading the characters given to Parophrys, in which an allusion is made to the true state of things in Pleuronichthys. Pleuronichthys suttulatus, appears to be a smaller species than its congener ; it is also deeper, less elon- gated, hence more of a subcylindrical general form. The eyes are situated on the right side. The origin of the dorsal fin is not quite even with the anterior margin of the orbit, and in that respect the generic diagnosis will undergo a slight modification. The largest specimens observed measure a little over three inches. The ground color appears greyish black, over which are scattered light spots ajipearing like as many drops irregularly dispersed. Specimens were col- lected in Tomales Bay by E. Samuels. A specimen of Ophidium, in a too precarious state of preservation to be de- termined specifically, was found by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, at S. Farallones, near San Francisco. Another was collected by Dr. Suckley at Shoalwater Bay, W. T., apparently of the same species. We have also to mention a Sandlaunee, under the name of Ammodytes personatus, the general aspect of which is shorter than its congeners, although theform and outline of the body are not materially different. We perceive no teeth on the palat. The posterior extremity of the maxillary extends to a vertical line which intersects the anterior rim of the orbit. The origin of the dorsal fin is situated anteriorly to the tips of the pectorals. The base of the caudal fin is black. Specimens were collected at Cape Flattery, W. T., by Lt. W. P. Trowbridsre. U. S. A. Syngnathus californiensiSj Storer, was received from Monterey, Cal., through the care of A. S. Taylor. The specimen is somewhat imperfect ; it is the largest of those which we have ex- amined from the Pacific coast. AcciPBNSBR acutirosteis, Ayres, was brought home by Dr. Newberry, the specimen having been labelled by Dr. Ayres in San Francisco, where the specimen was procured. AciPENSER MEDiROSTRis, Ayrcs, was received in the same manner as the pre- ceding. AoiPENSER TRANSMONTANUS, Rich., from the Columbia river, has been collected by Dr. Suckley. We conclude by referring to a ray of a remarkable genus, Rhinoptera vespertilio, which was caught in Tomales Bay, by E. Samuels. The specimen before us measures nineteen inches and a half from the extremity of the mouth to the tip of the tail, six inches and three quarters being the length of the body and head together. The width from the tip of one pectoral fin to the other is twelve inches. There is a small dorsal fin situated upon the anterior portion of the tail, followed by a flattened spear shaped spine, serrated upon its edge. The tail is very attenuated, flagelliform, tapering into a filiform extremity. The cephalic region is as long as the rest of the body. Its anterior outline is round- ed. The eyes are very prominent and somewhat raised above the surface of the head. The respiratory apertures, five in number are transversally elonga- ted and arranged upon an open curve. The lips are fringed. The color is of an uniform bluish slate above ; dull whitish beneath. 138 [June, Mr. Ord, on behalf of the Committee appointed to procure subscrip- tions to the Wilson Monument Fund, reported that he had received and transmitted in the name of the President and Members of the Academy, the sum of $280. From persons not members, he had received and transmitted the sum of $35. The report was adopted and the Committee discharged. Mr. Cassin, on behalf of the Committee appointed to prepare a cor- rect list of the Correspondents of the Academy, reported progress and requested a continuance; which request was granted. The Corresponding Secretary presented his report for the last month. ELECTION. Dr. Charles' S. Boker, Mr. John McAllister, Jr., and Dr. Samuel S. Garrigues, all of Philadelphia, were elected Members. Dr. Morris* stated Ibat Alexis St. Martin, on whom Dr. Beaumont perforoiecl his celebrated series of experiments, is now in town, and has been submitted to some experiments at the Pennsylyania College by Dr. F. G. Smith, in the presence of a few physicians. On Monday last, after breakfasting on bread and butter and coffee, he partook at lOj, A. M., of beefsteak ; at the expiration of two hours the fluid contents of the stomach were withdrawn by means of a catheter. They had a decidedly acid reaction, but whether from chlorohydric or lactic acid, I was unable to ascertain from the small cfuantity forwarded to me for examination. The meat was rapidly being converted into chyme ; small flocculi floated in the fluid and collected at the bottom, much paler than natural. On being subjected to the microscope, the cellular tissue had nearly all disap- peared, while the muscular fibres exhibited all stages of disintegration ; some were found nearly of the usual color, some paler and with the transverse striae beautifully marked. As the latter became less evident, longitudinal striation exhibited itself, Avhile a minute punctation took the place of the transverse striae. As the digestive process advanced, the whole fibril became granular, but the longitudinal striation remained as long as there was any evidence of the struc- ture. This goes to confirm the view of the minute anatomy of the muscles maintained by Kolliker, in opposition to Todd and Bowman's disc theory. The nuclei of the ruptured gastric cells, epithelium from the mouth, esopha- gus and stomach, with numerous fat granules, completed the microscopic appearances. This morning, at \()\ A. M., he partook of bread, and the fluid being withdrawn as before at the end of two hours, presented the following ap- pearances : The supernatant fluid resembled a starch solution, but on close examination gave the faintest possible evidence of starch by the iodine test, which I am disposed to regard as due mainly to the dextrine present. Trom- mer's test gave abundant proof of the presence of the latter, or of grape sugar, or both, and also indicated by the purplish hue of the liquid on the addition of sulphate of copper and potassa to the fluid, the presence of a protein body. The remnants of the bread, fully disintegrated, subsided to the bottom, and showed abundant evidence of starch. So far as this experiment goes, it confirms the views generally held as to the action of the saliva upon amylaceous bodies, in contravention to those advanced by Lehmann, as to the active part played by the intestinal fiuid (the secretion of the intestinal mucous membrane) in diges- tion. The greater part of the bread had disappeared, giving place to grape sugar, in consequence of the almost momentary action of the saliva, and leaving mainly the function of absorption to be performed by the intestinal mucous membrane. •This communication being mislaid, could not be introduced into its proper place, under date of May 6th. 1856.] 1S9 July ]s<, 1856. Dr. J. Carson in the Chair. A letter was read from Rudolph C. Burlag, Consul of the Nether- lands, dated New York, June 26th, 1856, enclosing a letter from The Society for the Succor of Drowned Persons, of Amsterdam, dated March 21st, 1856, transmitting their publication acknowledged this evening. Dr. Uhler remarked, that the specimen of Dewe;^lite presented by himself this evening, has exactly the composition of the precious ser- pentine and resembles chalcedony. On leave granted. Dr. Rand moved that the Committee on Mr. Gri- rard's paper, entitled ** Contributions to the Ichthyology of the western coast of the United States," be allowed to present their report. The mo- tion was adopted. The Report of the Committee in favor of publica- tion in the forth-coming number of the Proceedings, was then received and adopted.* July Sth. Dr. Bridges, Vice President, in the Chair. Letters were read — From Dr. E. K. Kane, acknowledging the receipt of the special vote of thanks of the Academy. From H. Gr. Bronn, dated Heidelburg, 5th January, 1856, ai?know- ledging the receipt of the Journal of the Academy, (N. S. Vol. iii., No. 1,) and a copy of Dr. Leidy's paper on the Extinct Sloth Tribes of North America ; also transmitting donations. From the Zoologische Botanischen Verein of Vienna, dated 12th December, 1855, transmitting donations. From the Imperial Society of Naturalists of Moscow, dated March 29, 1856, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings, (Vol. vii.. No. 1,) of the Academy. A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled " On a new Genus and Species of Urodela, from the collections of the U. S. Exploring Expedition, under Com. Charles Wilkes, U. S. N., by Charles Grirard, M. D. ;" referred to a Committee consisting of Mr. Cassin, Dr. Brinton, and Dr. Bridges. Mr. Lea presented for publication in the Proceedings, a paper enti- tled " Description of fifteen new species of Exotic Melaniana, by Isaac Lea ;" referred to a Committee consisting of Mr. Vaux, Dr. Leidy and Mr. Gliddon. Dr. Leidy mentioned that the skin of the Musk Ox, deposited by Dr. E. K. Kane, the skeleton of an Owl, presented by the same, the skin of the Llama, presented by Dr. Ruschenberger, and the skeleton of the large specimen of Chelonura serpentina, presented by Mr. Tiffany, of Cape May co. N. J., had been mounted and placed in the collection. * See page 131. PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OP PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VIII. NO. IV. 11 140 [July, Mr. Ord transmitted a letter from Matthew Bsrr, dated Paisley, 21st June, 1856, acknowledging the receipt of ^64 lis. 7d. as a contribu- tion to the Wilson testimonial fund. Dr. Leidy stated, that in consequence of the unsatisfactory results of bis in- vestigations, wliich had formed the subject of "A Memoir on the Extinct Dico- tylinas of America,"* from the time of writing that memoir he had been col- lecting material, both recent and fossil, towards a more positive determination of the number of extinct species of Dicotylinae. The results of his subsequent investigations appear to be as follows : 1. The extent of variation in the characters of the skull, and especially of the teeth, is as great in different individuals of the recent Dicoiyles torquaivs, as it is in all the extinct genera and species heretofore indicated by Dr. Le Conte and himself. 2. The evidence, so far as it has been derived from osteological characters, appears to refer all the extinct genera and species of North American Dicoty- linse, as heretofore indicated, to one single species. The name of the latter and its synonyma are as follows : DicoTTLES coMPRESsus, Leidy. Syn. Platigonus compressus ; Hyops depressifrons ; Proiochoervs prismaiiciis ; Di- eotyUs depressifrons ; Dicoiyles costatus, Le Conte. Euchoerus macrops, Leidy. July \btJi. Dr. Bridges, Vice President, in the Chair. A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled '< New species of Plyla, by John Le Conte," which was referred to a Committee consisting of Dr. Hallowell, Mr. Cassin and Dr. J. A. Meigs. July ^9lh. Vice President Bridges in the Chair. The Committee on Dr. Girard's paper, read 8th inst,, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings ; which report was adopted. On a New Genus and Species of Urodela, from the collections of the U. S. Expl. Exped., under Comm. Charles Wilkes^ U. S. N. By Charles Gieard, M. D. A species of this group was collected in Oregon by the U. S. Exploring Ex- pedition, showing such a striking external resemblance with Aneides lugubris, that upon a first examination we referred it to the latter genus. A closerexamination of its structure made us acquainted with an ensemble of characters which has induced us to establish a genus distinct from Aneides : by the shape of the mouth, which is linear, instead of being undulating; by the maxillary teeth, which are exceedingly minute, and the disposition of the vomero-palatine teeth, upon a double ogee, instead of an obtuse angled triangle. HEREDIA. Head subelliptical, broader than the body ; snout blunt and rounded, protru- ding beyond the lower jaw. Cleft of the mouth oblique and rectilinear. Maxil- lary teeth exceedingly minute, scarcely perceptible. Vomero-palatine teeth dis- • Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. x., 323. 1856.] 141 posed upon a double ogee extending from the middle line of the palate along the anterior inner edge of the orbit. Sphenoid teeth forming two elongated patches. Tongue large, elliptical, attached by an elongated central pedicel, and free upon its posterior third. Eyes large. Limbs slender, anterior ones longest ; four fingers ; five toes, all free and tapering. Tail subcylindrical, slightly com- pressed, tapering towards the tip. Skin exteriorly smooth and soft. Herbdia oregoxensis. — Tail longer than the body and head together. Fingers and toes slender and free, inner one very small. Skin smooth, uniform dark brown above, lighter beneath. The Secretary read a note from Dr. Wm. S. Zantzinger, dated 29th July, 1856, stating that he was about to remove from the city, and consequently tendered his resignation as Librarian of the Academy. The resignation was accepted. ELECTION. Baron John William Yon Miiller, of Stuttgart, was elected a Corres- pondent, and Mr. Alfred Cope and Dr. Wm. H. Grobrecht, both of Philadelphia, were elected members of the Academy. AuguHt bth. Vice President Bridges in the Chair. Dr. Hallowell presented for publication in the Proceedings, a paper entitled " Notes on the Reptiles in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Edward Hallowell, M. D. ;" also a paper entitled "On several new Reptiles in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Edward Hallowell, M. D." Both these papers were referred to a Committee consisting of Dr. Leidy, Mr. Cassin and Mr. Schafhirt, Dr. Hallowell exhibited numerous specimens of the larvae of Bufo Ame- ricanus. These were caught by Dr. Leidy on the 16th of June, along the banks of the Schuylkill, near Philadelphia. They are nine lines in length, including the tail, of a slate color above, with dark colored spots ; the under parts are whitish mingled with gray. The reason why the tadpoles of the toad are not more often seen, is probably on account of their small size. Specimens of the perfect animal were also exhibited ; these were six lines in length, of a grey color above, with numerous small dark colored spots, containing each one or more minute reddish colored ones ; these smaller spots were also distributed over the body ; under parts whitish ; the perfect specimens were found July 7th, 1856, among stones quite close to the river. Dr. Hallowell also exhibited a number of specimens of Rana halecina, Kalm, found in the neighborhood of Philadelphia, both male and female. The females appear to be of a somewhat lighter color than the males, and have fewer spots. The latter are all provided with a vocal sac, one on each side, communicating with a small circular opening, not quite a line in diameter, beneath the lower jaw near its angle, nearly opposite the eustachian foramina. Dumeril and Bibron, in their Erpetologie Generale, tom. viii., p. 353, remark, that in comparing the Rana esculenta of Europe, and the Rana halecina, the first thing to be observed is, that the Rana halecina is not provided at the angles of the mouth with those slits which permit the males to extend their vocal sacs, 142 [August ■which is the case in the common frog of Europe. Dr. Holbrook also states, in presenting the distinctive characters between the two animals, that in Rana halecina " there are no openings on the sides of the jaws, at the angle of the mouth, out of which the vocal vesicles pass when distended with air, as in the Rana esculenta." So far from this being the case, it is the only frog in the United States which appears to possess the sexual characters above mentioned. Both authors quote among the synonyms of halecina, the Rana utricularia of Harlan, which is the male halecina with distended vocal A^esicles. The error has arisen from the fiict, as stated to me by Dr. Holbrook, that the males of a species found in the Southern States resembling the halecina, do not possess the vocal vesi- cles. "We have latelj^ received from Florida a male specimen, found by our fellow member, Mr. Ashmead, in a sulphur spring, near the St. John's River, about three hundred miles from Key West, which is totally destitute of these vesicles. It resembles very much the halecina, but differs from it, in having a more acute snout, with a much more slender body and extremities; the general color is darker, the black spots more numerous, and the markings upon the thighs are different; it should be remembered however, that this description is based upon a single specimen. A more important character exists in the presence of a broad and very distinct and well marked row of pores along the upper part of each flank, in the true halecina, and their presence also above the orbits, upon the back part of the head and neck, and various parts of the body ; these all appear to be wanting in the Southern species. Dumeril and Bibron very consistently place the animal they describe in the second division of the Ranidse, including those "without pores about the neck, upon the belly, and none upon the flanks.'' We do not observe, however, in the specimen before us, that the thumbs are decidedly truncate. We would propose the name of Rana oxyrhynchus for the Southern species. Rana oxyrhynchus, nob. Char. Plead narrow, acute, longer than broad; body and extremities slender, the posterior quite long; four or five palatine teeth on each side, very distinct, between the internal nares; the patches near to each other, but a considerable distance from the former ; tympanum rather small ; eustachian foramina of mode- rate size; tongue narrow ; scarcely a trace of webs to the anterior toes; poste- rior reaching just beyond the proximal extremity of the third phalanx of fourth toe; third finger the longest; fourth toe much longer than either of the others ; thumbs not remarkably swollen at their base ; subarticular tubercles not very distinct; no rows of pores upon the sides, and none visible upon the head or other parts of the body. Color. Dark olive, inclining to black above ; two black bands on each side reaching from the eye to the extremity of the snout ; a narrow white band ex- tending from the latter on each side beneath the t^^mpanum, in contact with it, and terminating just above the shoulder ; another narrow white line, the cuticle here being slightly elevated, passing from the posterior margin of the eye to the upper part of the thigh, near the middle ; two dark oval spots upon the head between the eyes, and upon the back ; fifteen or sixteen black oval spots, each surrounded by a narrow white margin, between the lateral dorsal vittae ; ante- rior extremities black spotted above ; posterior presenting upon their upper sur- face several transverse bars of black margined with white, the posterior siirface mottled with the same colors ; legs and tarsi spotted with black ; ground color greyish above ; sides of body greyish, marbled and spotted with black and white spots and markings; under surface of animal white throughout; (from a speci- men in spirits.) Dimensions. Length of head 11 lines: greatest breadth 7 ; length of head, neck and body 1 inch 10 lines ; length of thigh 1 inch ; of leg 1 inch 1 line; of tarsus and foot to extremity of largest toe 1 inch 7 lines ; total length 5 inches. Habitat. Florida. It is a subject of doubt, whether the animal figured in Prof. Holbrook's work be the true halecina or not; for in his description he says " a second line of yel- 1856.] US lowish white extends from the nose to the shoulder ; the latter is less extensive in the male animal, ending at the Tocal sac " — Vol. iv. p. 91. And jet, at the end of the chapter on Rana halecina, it is stated as above mentioned, that " there are no openings at the sides of the jaws, at the angle of the mouth, out of which the vocal vesicles pass when distended with air." Except that the sacs are not represented, the figure would correspond sufficiently well with the R. halecina of Kalm. There can be no doubt that the R. esculenta (R. viridis, Roesel, fluvia- tilis, Rondeletius) is different from halecina, although resembling it very much. One of the most important differences consists in the presence in the former, upon the back, of numerous tubercles, each penetrated by one or more pores, giving it a somewhat toad-like appearance ; another is the absence in the escu- lenta of the conglomerated pores upon the neck and other parts of the upper surface of the animal. Of the latter we have at least fifty specimens in the col- lection of the Academy. Oq leave granted, Mr. Cassin offered the following Preamble and Resolutions, which were unanimously adopted : Whereas, The resignation of William S. Zantzinger, M. D.,as Libra- rian of this Academy, has been presented on account of his removal from this city : Resolved, That in accepting the resignation of Dr. Zantzinger as Li- brarian, the members of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia are deeply sensible of the loss the Society has sustained in thus parting with an esteemed associate, and an efl&cient and faithful officer and member. Resolved, That the thanks of the Academy be presented to Dr. Zant- zinger, as a testimony of bis valuable services as Recording Secretary, Librarian and Member of the Committee on Proceedings. Resolved, That the Committee on Proceedings and the Publication Committee of this Academy, be directed to present in the name of the Academy complete setts of all its publications, or so much thereof as he may require to complete copies that he may have, and to continue to send the same to him as published, gratuitously. August llth. Vice President Bridges in the Chair. Mr. A. H. Smith exhibited a specimen of amygdaloidal trap from Lake Superior, in which the zeolitic matter filling the cavities is en- crusted and partially replaced by green carbonate of copper. Dr. Bridges suggested that the zeolitic matter might have been dis- solved by a solution of carbonic acid; and the oxide of copper dissolved by the same agent, and, impregnating the soil, would more or less replace the mineral. Dr. Rand announced the death of J. Madison Rush, late Lieutenant U. S. N., and member of this Academy, in the 35tb year of his age. Lieut. Rush was drowned in the Red Lake River, Minnesota Territory, on the 20th of Julv. 144 [August, August 19th. Mr. Cassin in the Cliair. Mr. Cassin presented a paper entitled, "Descriptions of New Species of African Birds in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, collected by Mr. P. B. Duchaillu in Equatorial Africa. By John Cassin." Referred to a Committee consisting of Drs. Wilson, Morris and Rand. Mr. Cassin also announced the reception of a collection of Mammals, Birds and Shells from Mr. P. B. Duchaillu, who had begun his labors in Western Africa. August 2Qth. Vice President Bridges in the Chair. The Committees on Mr. Lea's paper, read July 8th; on Major Le Conte's paper, read July 15th ; on Dr. Hallowell's papers, read August 5th ; and on Mr. Cassin's paper, read August 19th, severally reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings. Description of Fifteen new species of Exotic Melaniana. By Isaac Lea. Melania Verreauiana. Testa laevi, pyramidata, crassa, tenebroso-castanea, spira valde elevata ; suturis linearibus ; anfractibus planulatis ; apertura sub- grandi, ovata, intus paulisper brunnea ; columella alba incurvaque. Hab. Sandwich Islands. M. E. Verreau, Paris. Melania fraterna. Testa plicata, pyramidata, subcrassa, tenebroso-brunnea ; spira elevata; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfractibus subplauulatis, trans- versim lineis impressis, regulariter cinctis, costellis verticallibus ; apertura parva, subovata, intus albida ; labro acuto ; columella contorta, superne incrassata, inferne subemarginata. Hab. . Melania Hainesiana. Testa Isevi, pyramidata, subtenui, corned ; spira sub- elevata ; suturis linearibus, impressis ; anfractibus planulatis, in medio angu- latis ; apertura subgrandi, subrhomboidea, ad basim angulata, intus coeruleo- albida ; labro acuto, angulato ; columella albida tortaque. Hab. India. W. A. Haines, New York. Melania Housei. Testa laevi, acuto-conoidea, tenui, cornea, flammis longitu- dinalibus ferrugineis ornata ; spira subelevata ; acuminata, suturis impressis, canaliculatisque ; anfractibus planulatis, instar duodecim ; apertura parva, ovata, intus albida ; columella alba tortaque. Operculo tenebroso-fusco. Hab. Korat, Takrong River, Siara. S. R. House, M. D. Melania Ningpoensis. Testa perplicata, striis transversis crebris decussata? conoidea, tenui, pallida cornea, subdiaphana ; spira subelevata ; suturis valde impressis ; anfractibus instar novem, subconvexis, inferne transversim costatis ; .apertura parva, subrotundata, intus alba ; columella alba. Operculo tenui, pallido-corneo. Hab. Ningpo, China. S. R. House, M. D. 1856.] 145 Melania Myersiana. Testa pHcata, conoidea, tenui, disphana, rufo-cornea ; Spira subelevata; suturis impressis ; anfractibus instar octo, subconvexis, striis exilissimus impressis ; apertura ovata, superne angulata, ad basim unifasciata ; labro acuto ; columella albida. Hab. Fegee Islands. S. R. House, M. D. Melania bullata. Testa striata, obtuso-conoidea, valde inflata, crassa, nigra ; spira curta, truncata ; suturis paulisper impressis; anfractibus convesis, striis transversis subdistantibus, impressis ; apertura grandi, subovata, superne angu- lata et incrassata, intus albida ; labro acuto ; columella incurva tortaque. Hab. Brazil. W. A. Haines." Melania LTRiEFORMis. Testa plicata, conoided, subcrassa, tenebroso-fusca ; spira curta ; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfractibus convexiusculis, superne regulariter costata, inferne transversim striata ; apertura parva, elliptica, intus albida; labro acuto ; columella incurva tortaque. Hab. Manilla. W. Newcomb, M. D. . Melania affinis. Testa crebri-striata, conoidea, subtenui, tenebroso-fusca ; spira subelevata ; suturis|impressis ; unfractibus convexis, ad apicem plicata apertura parva, elliptica, intus albida ; labro acuto ; columella laevi et incurva. Hab. Manilla. W. Newcomb, M. D. Melania australis. Testa crebri-plicata, attenuata, tenui, nigracanti ; spira elevata ; suturis impressis ; anfractibus planulatis, superne canaliculatis ; aper- tura parva, elliptica, superne obtuso-angulata, intus tenebrosa; labro-acuto ; columella alba tortaque. Hab. Manilla. W. Newcomb, M. D. Melania Newcombii. Testa striata, acuto-conoidea, tenui, cornea ; spira sub- elevata ; suturis impressis caaaliculatisque ; anfractibus iustar novem, subcon- vexis, striis exilissimus impressis ; apertura parva, elliptica, intus albida ; labro acuto ; columella albida. Operculo tenebroso-fusco. , Hab. Oahu, Sandwich Islands. W. Newcomb, M. D. Melania Mauiensis. Testa cancellata, inferne transvrese striata, conoidea, acuminata, subcrassa, cornea ; spira elevata ; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfractibus denis, planulatis, ad apicem crebri plicata; ajjertura grandi, ovata, superne angulata, intus coerulea alba ; labro expanse, acuto ; columella torta. Hab. Maui, Sandwich Islands. W. Newcomb, M. D. Melania Boninensis. Testa cancellata, conoidea, tenui, tenebroso-cornea ; spira subelevata ; suturis paulisper impressis ; anfractibus planulatis,] instar septenis ; apertura parva, ovata, superne angulata, intus albida ; labro acuto ; columella torta. Hab. Bonin Islands. M. Burrough, M. D. Melania rubida. Testa striata, conica, crassd, ferruginea ; spira subelevata, acuminata; suturis impressis ; anfractibus undenis, planulatis, ultimo inflatis, ad apicem carinatis; apertura subgrandi, rotunda, intus rubicundula ; labro acuto ; columella incrassata. Hab. Mexico. Hon. J. R. Poinset. Pachyohilus parvum. Testa striata, obtuso-conoidea, crassa, ferruginea ; spira curta ; suturis impressis ; anfractibus senis, convexis, striis transversis exilissimus impressis ; apertura grandi, subrotunda, intus alba ; labro expanse, valde incrassato ; columella incrassata. Operculo diaphano, elliptico. Hab. Siam. S. R. House, M. D. 146 [August, Description of a neiv species of Hylafrom Georgia. By John Le Conte. During the last spring, whilst I was residing in the lower country of Georgia, it was my good fortune to meet with three specimens of the animal described below. One of them was taken in the water of a pine barren pond, another was found in a cavity of a sand pit, and the third upon a tree in the forest. This Hyla is remarkable for its size, approaching in this respect to those found in tropical regions. Two of them were of a greenish dusky ; the second, who had concealed himself in a hole in the sand, was of a bright pea green, but in the space of half an hour changed to the color of the others, thus showing a complete possession of the faculty of changing color at will, so remarkable in many of the Batrachia. There yet remain undiscovered and undescribed, in Georgia, three species of this genus, which have as yet eluded my search. The notes of these are re- markably distinct from those of others ; I may hereafter be fortunate enough to obtain them. Hyla gratiosa. Coarsely granulate both above and beneath. Color above varying at the will of the animal from bright green to cinereous and to greenish dusky, with round- ish spots or irregular blotches of darker, or speckled with variously shaped dots of the same, all of them with some few small yellow irregularly disposed spots on the back and sides. Beneath whitish, more or less inclining to yellow or orange. Upper lip white, or white varied with green or dusky ; lower lip sometimes whitish, at others of the color of the back : in some a white line ex- tends from the upper lip along the side to the insertion of the hind leg, in others the sides are variegated with rounded spots of darker, and no line visible. Irids black varied with golden ; tympanum copper-colored, a considerable depression between the nostrils and the eyes. Chin varied with dusky or green, with a slight fold at the bottom ; transverse space between the arms smooth, without any granulations. Arms and legs barred, with darker, yellowish or reddish on the under side, the former smooth beneath, the latter granulate on the poste- rior half; the under side of the posterior half of the thighs is smooth. Disks of the toes very large. Length of head and body 2-5 inches ; humerus -6 ; autibrachium -6; hand -75; femur 1-2 ; tibia 1-15 ; foot 1-6. Notes on the Reptiles in the collection of the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences. By Edwaed Hallowell, M. D. It is not surprising that, among the reptiles of the Academy, which it has required more than forty years to bring to its present although incomplete con- dition, and which is now for the first time in process of classification and arrangement, there should be many new species that do not appear to exist even in the large European collections. It is possible, however, that some of these may be mere varities, or they may be already known ; but after careful inquiry, I have not been able to make them out as such, and the interests of science,' it appears to me, will be best subserved by their publication, even should the account of them hereafter be found to contain a few errors. Fam. CAMELEONID^. Lf zards Cam£l£oniens ou Sacrians Ch^lopodel, Dum. et Bib. Among the Cameleonidse in the collection of the Academy, we find two which differ from any of those described in the work of Dumeril and Bibron, and in the Memoir of Prof. Aug. Dumeril, in the Archiv. du Museum, tome vi., p. 210. Neither are they found in the Catalogue of the Lacertians of the British Museum, 1856.] 147 by Mr. Gray. They may be new species, or ouly varieties of those already de- termined. Future and more extended observation will settle this point. ChamjELeo granulosus, nob. This Chameleon is much larger than any of the specimens we have of dilepis or of gracilis from W. Afriea, resembling somewhat in size the Ch. pardalis of Madagascar, but it is not so stout. Char. Outline of head above oval, somewhat narrower in front than poste- riorly ; lateral crests not meeting in front ; central keel very low, hardly percep- tible ; spaces on each side, between it and the lateral crest, depressed, slightly rounded, occupied with polygonal tubercles of unequal size ; supraciliary ridge high, subcircular ; back and upper part of tail denticulated, the denticulations larger near the neck, having there the form of a crest ; a crest upon chin, throat and abdomen, none under the tail. Scales upon sides unequal, tubercular ; foiir or five rows of flat quadrangular scales between the dorsal denticulations and the lateral tubercles. Description. The outline of the head above resembles that of Chamreleo sene- galensis, but is less narrow in front ; the supraciliary crest is also much more elevated ; it differs from gracilis in having a trace only of the bifurcations of the central keel, and in being covered with tubercles and smooth polygonal scales ; the scales, both upon the head and sides of the body, are larger and more tubercular than in Senegalensis, the general shape of the head is different, and the present species is considerably larger. It may, however, be only a variety of Senegalensis, or perhaps the male. Color greyish, with a tinge of blue upon the abdomen. Dimensions. Length of head I inch T lines ; breadth above, between the supra- ciliary crests, 7 lines ; length of neck and body to vent 4 inches ; of tail 5 inches ; total length 10 inches 1 lines. Habitat. West Africa. One specimen presented by Mr. Cassin. Oham^leo Burchelli. Char. Rather larger than C. dilepis. Outline of head above resembling some- what that of Charateleo pardalis, but less narrow, prolonged, with lateral crests much more depressed and the interspace more shallow ; central keel very low, interspace between it and lateral crests occupied with flattened polygonal scales of unequal size; supraciliary ridge low, the lateral crests not in contact anteri- orly ; scales upon the sides of the head rather large, flattened, with a slight ele- vation in the centre, polygonal ; back denticulated, more slightly posteriorly ; a few spines upon neck ; throat and abdomen denticulated ; scales of body unequal, tubercular, general shape subrhomboidal, interspersed with very small granules. Color. In specimen examined greenish, with a lateral yellow stripe. Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch 5 lines ; breadth between supraciliary ridges 6 lines ; length of neck and body to vent 3 inches *7 lines ; length of tail 4 inches 9 lines ; total length 9 inches 9 lines. Habitat. Fernando Po. One specimen presented by Dr. Burtt, U. S. N. GECKOTID^. LIZARDS Geckotiens, ou Sauriens Ascalabotes, D. & B. The family Geckotidae are divided by Dumeril and Bibron into seven genera — l,Platydactylus ; 2, Hemidactylus ; 3, Ptyodactylus ; 4, Phyllodactylus ; 5, Sphse- riodactylus ; 6, Gymnodactylus ; 7, Stenodactylus. The Geckotians described in this paper belong to the genera Hemidactylus and Gymnodactylus, the for- mer thus characterized : Hemidactylus, Cuvier, Gray, Wagler, Weigmann. Char. Base of the four or five fingers of each extremity enlarged into a disk. 148 [August, from the middle of which project the two last phalanges, which are slender. In- ferior surface of this disk covered with imbricate feuillets, for the most part, arranged en chevron. A longitudinal band of large plates under the tail. (Dume- ril et Bibron.) The Hemidactyles are divided by Dumeril and Bibron into two sections. 1, the Dactyloperes, with thumbs, as it were, truncated, of which there are two groups — \, with entire subdigital laminse, and B_. with divided (echanchrees) subdigitax laminae; and 2d, the Dactyloteles, or with five complete fingers nar- rowed at the point. These are also divided into two groups — A, the D. fissi- pedes, and B. the D. palmipedes, the latter only having palmated fingers, and comprising but two species, viz.: H. marginatus and H. sebffi; the former, or the fissipeds, thirteen, inhabiting Malabar, (trisedrus.) Phillipines, Isle Maurice, Bombay, (maculatus,) border of the Mediterranean, Toulon, Rome, Sicily, Greece, Senegal. Trebizonde, Chili, Vera Cruz, Buenos Ayres, (vermiculatus,) W. Indies, Cayenne, Brazil, Carthagena, Martinique, (mabouia,) Ceylon, (Leschenaultii,) Bengal, Bombay, (Coctasi,) S. Africa, Indian Archipelago, Madagascar, Isle of France, Ceylon, Amboina, Java, Timor, Marianne Islands, (frenatus,) Otaheite, (Garnotii,) and Peru (Peruvianus.) Sect. Dactyloteles fissipedes, D. & B. (Five nails, fingers and toes free.) Hemidactylus formosus, nob. Char. Nine inferior labial plates, the two first the largest; mental plate broad, triangular, immediately behind it two quadrangular plates, much smaller than the mental; ten superior labials; 17 femoral pores on each thigh in the males ; a broad dark colored blotch bordered with white, upon the back, extend- ing in the form of a crescent to the posterior margin of the orbit ; three broad quadrangular brownish blotches, margined with white, upon the back ; tail banded with brown ; 9 or 10 rows of circular tubercles on each side of the me- dian line of the body. Description. The head of this remarkable species is large, swollen at the temples, presenting a marked depression along its middle. The nostrils are situated immediately behind the rostral plate, a little above the first labial, and are somewhat triangular in shape ; between them, and in contact, are two small narrow plates, behind the rostral, with a smaller one intermediate ; the head is covered with small granulations superiorly, the front with tubercles ; of the ten superior labial plates, the first is the largest ; the inferior margin of the eyelid passes beneath the globe of the eye, the superior above it, and is covered with small granulations and rhomboidal scales, its external border denticulated ; body and extremities robust, the former covered with granulations, with nine or ten longitudinal rows on each side of the median line of circular tubercles ; elbows and posterior surface of forearms covered with granulations ; arms anteriorly and beneath with scales ; the fingers and toes are each provided with a nail, free ; eight subdigital lamina; beneath the fourth finger ; no lateral membranes to the body or tail. Chin and throat covered with granulations ; abdomen and under part of extremities with quadrangular scales; 1*7 to 19 pores along the under part of each thigh, in the males, none in front of the anus ; tail long and tapering, much longer than body, (\\ inches,) presenting beneath a well-defined central row of hexagonal scales, much broader than long, bordered on each side with smaller scales irregularly disposed. Coloration. Ground color above dusky white, with a tinge of reddish brown, the brownish red tints predominating; a large dark brown blotch upon the neck bordered thinly with white, with crescentic prolongations reaching to the poste- rior margin of the eye ; three broad transverse brown blotches (3 to 3 J lines) upon the back, bordered with white, and separated from each other by inter- spaces of about the same length as the blotches ; tail banded with brown above and upon the sides. Dimensions. Length of head 7 lines ; greatest breadth 7 ; length of neck and body to arms 2 inches 1^ lines ; length of tail 3 inches 4 lines ; total length 6 inches 4^ lines. 1856.] 149 Habitat. Liberia, west coast of Africa. Three specimens presented by Dr. Savage. Tlie young is of a very light straw color above, with three transverse bands about two lines in breadth, of a beautiful yellow color ; blotch upon neck similar in form to that of adult, but of a beautiful light yellow color; under parts straw color ; no minute black points upon the scales. Dimensions of a young specimen. Length of head 6 lines ; greatest breadth 3^ ; length of neck and body to tail 1 inch 3 lines ; (tail mutilated.) The Gymnodactyles are separated by Dumeril and Bibron into two divisions, viz., the Gymnodactyles homonotes, in which the scales of the back are equal, and into Gymnodactyles heteronotes, in which the upper parts of the body are sprinkled with tubercles more or less developed. The species now described belongs to the latter division. Gen. GYMNODACTYLUS. Char. Five nails not retractile to all the feet ; toes not dilated transversely, nor denticulated upon their edges ; the fifth of the posterior toes versatile, or capable of being removed from the others at a right angle. (Dumeril et Bibron, tome 3, p. 408.) Gymnodactylus tenuis, nob. Char. Head rather long, front depressed ; nine inferior labial plates, the four first broader than the others ; two plates behind the mental, followed by three others in contact with the labials, not so large ; ten superior labials ; ros- tral broader than long ; two quadrangular oblique plates posterior to it, with a smaller one between them; nostrils circular, their inferior border in contact with the first labial, the anterior margia formed by the quadrangular plates above described, the posterior by a small semi-circular scale, the superior by a small irregularly shaped plate ; head covered with smooth granulations, some- what larger upon the sides ; the eyebrow presenting numerous quadrangular scales, forms a complete circle around the eye ; auricular openings oval, without denticulations ; extremities quite slender ; fingers and toes slender, each provided with a small recurved nail, with the exception of the thumb ; scales beneath the fingers and toes single ; body slender ; tail longer than body, tapering to a point, with a row of broad scales beneath. Coloration. Brownish above, upon the body, lighter beneath ; tail yellowish, banded with brown. 3feasurement.s. Length of head 7 lines ; greatest breadth 4 ; length of body 1 inch, (Fr. ;) of tail 1 inch 2 J lines. Habitat. Manilla. One specimen presented by Dr. Burroughs. Fam. VARANID.E. Lezards Varaniens or Sauriens Platynotes, D. & B. We do not find among the Varanians in the collection of the Academy any which appear to be new, with the exception of the specimen now described, presented several years ago by Dr. Kane. The Museum at present contains the following species, viz., V. niloticus, (10 specimens,) V. Bengalensis, (3 sp.,) V. bivittatus, (4 sp.,) V. Piqotii, (2 sp.,) V. arenarius, (1 sp.,) V. ocellatus ; (1 sp.,) the two last from the Garden of Plants in exchange. The specimen presented by Dr. Kane is the largest, by far, in the collection, and of greater dimensions than those of any of the Varanians, with the exception of the gigantic lace lizard of N. Holland, (Hydrosaurus giganteus. Gray,) described by Mr. Gray in the "Zoology" of the Erebus and Terror, part vi., Feb., 1845, 6i feet in length. 150 [August, Varanus olivaceus, nob. Char. The head is large, pyramidal, broad posteriorly, slender and some- what obtuse in front; the scales above the orbits are flattened, polygonal, several rows of unequal size, much larger than the rest, and three intermediate between the orbits and in front, still larger ; the largest, however, are situated at the ex- tremity of the snout above, and are placed in two transverse rows ; the scales upon the back part of the head are more uniform in size ; those upon the temples small ; the nostrils are two oblique openings placed about midway between the extremity of the snout and the anterior canthus of the eye, their inferior ex- tremity in a line with the latter ; scales upon neck and body stnall, oval, sur- rounded with two rows of small granules, those upon the back more distinctly carinated, especially in its posterior part towards the tail, where the carinations are strongly developed ; the scales upon the extremities are considerably larger than those upon the body, and likewise carinated, the posterior much more dis- tinctly than the anterior ; scales upon chin and throat smaller than the others, those upon under surface of extremities smooth ; those upon abdomei! slender, quadrangular, two lines in length, and about half a line in breadth, in trans- verse rows; tail circular, much longer than head, neck and body, surrounded with transverse rows of carinated elongate scales, with a slightly developed crest tapering gradually toward the end, where it is somewhat compressed ; extremi- ties well developed ; fingers and toes provided with strong and powerful claws, third and fourth fingers of nearly equal length ; transverse rows of large quad- rangular scales beneath the fingers and toes, 16 rows beneath the second finger, 24 beneath the fourth. Cloloration. Ground color olive above, lighter below, with obscure dark co- lored spots and markings. Dimensions. Length of head 5 inches, (Fr. ;) greatest breadth 3 inches ; length of neck and body 1 foot 9^ inches ; length of tail 3 feet ; of arm 3 inches, of fore- arm 3 inches 4 fines ; of thigh 3| inches ; of legs 3^ inches ; of longest finger, including nail, 3 inches 1 line. Total length 5 feet 2^ inches ; circumference 1 foot 5J inches. Habitat. Manilla. One specimen presented by Dr. Kane, TJ. S. N. Gen. Remarks. The species above described approaches nearest the Hydro- saurus giganteus of Mr. Gray, but is destitute of the transverse rows of ocel- lated spots upon the back, and the spots upon the extremities and tail. In Mr. Gray's species the shields over the orbits are very small and granular, but in the one just described there exist above the orbit several rows of polygonal scales, some of them a line in diameter, succeeded by several larger rows, and between these, four or five rows of bro^d hexagonal plates. The Varanidas, divided into two sections by Dumeril and Bibron, the terres- trial and aquatic, the former with a round tail and slightly developed crest, comprise two genera only, viz., Varanus and Heloderma, the former containing twelve, the latter but one species (horridum.) None of this family exist in Europe, and but one is found in America, viz., Heloderma horridum, which inhabits Mexico. Of the others, four inhabit Asia, three Africa, and four Oceanica ; of the latter, two New Holland, (Bellii and varius,) onethe Japan Islands, (chlorostigma,) one Timor, (Timoriensis.) In Asia there are four species, viz., Bengalensis, nebulosus, Diardii and bi-vittatus. Three inhabit Africa, viz., arenarius, (Egypt,) niloticus, (Nile, rivers of Cape of Good Hope, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Gaboon country,) and ocellatus, (Abys- sinia and Senegal.) With the exception of bi-vittatus and olivaceus, all these have small scales or granulations over the orbits. Fam. IGUANID^. Sauriens Eunotes, Dumeril et Bibron. Gen. HoLOTROPis. Char. " Head in the form of a quadrangular pyramid ; cephalic plates of mode- rate size, angular, almost equal ; a very small occipital ; supra-ocular scutella 1856.] 151 dilated transversely ; the other plates oblong ; neck smooth below, folded irregu- larly npon the sides ; an oblique fold of the skin before each shoulder ; anterior edge of the ear denticulated ; trunk subtrijedral, covered with imbricated scales of medium size, provided with carinfB, terminating in an acute point, and form- ing oblique lines converging towards the middle region of the back. A denticu- lated crest extending from the nucha to the extremity of the tail ; the latter long, compressed; exterior edge of the two or three posterior fingers dentciu- lated ; no pores either in front of the anus or upon thighs." (D. et B.) Of this genus two species are described by Dumeril and Bibron, viz., Herminieri and Microlophus ; the first with a well developed crest and carinated ventral scales, the second with a very small crest and smooth ventral scales. In the first species the tail is strongly compressed, in the second very slightly. The species described in this paper was deposited in the Museum some time ago by Dr. Morris, and differs considerably from the last of the before-mentioned species, although resembling it in several important particulars, viz., the low crest and smooth ventral scales. HOLOTROPIS VITTATUS, nob. Char. Crest low, as in Microlophus, much more developed upon the tail ; ventral scales smooth; nasal plate quite different in shape from that represented in the figure of Microlophus in de la Sagra, tab. vii., fig. A., (Reptiles,) being al- most as broad as long ; the nostril is situated immediately at its posterior edge, and not at some distance from it, as represented in the figure above mentioned ; the plates upon the head are all very strongly carinated ; the carinse upon the dorsal scales are not situated in the middle, but a little to one side ; the five middle rows of abdominal scales larger than the others. Coloration. Probably altered by alcohol ; crest greenish ; ground color dark green, with reflections of bronze : a large black blotch upon each temple ; a whitish colored vitta immediately beneath, extending upon the neck ; another beginning above and in advance of the shoulder, extending along the sides of the body as far as the thighs ; two transverse parallel bands of black across the chin ; the interspaces and under parts of jaw whitish ; throat greenish ; abdomen, under parts of extremities and tail of a much lighter color than upon the back. Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch, greatest breadth 9 lines ; length of neck and body 2 inches 9 lines ; of tail 4 inches 4 lines ; total length 8 inches 1 line. Habitat. Cuba, One specimen in Mus. Acad., deposited by Dr. Morris. Ord. OPHIDIA. Gen. Teopidonotus, Kuhl. Char. "Jaws long, teeth of the upper forming a continuous longitudinal series, although the last or posterior are generally stronger and longer by nearly one-half, and never channelled; scales of the back, and more often those of the sides, presenting a saliant line or sort of carina ; tail of moderate length." — Dnmeril and Bibron, T. vii., p. 549. The Tropidonotes belong, in the arrangement of Dumeril and Bibron, to the second section or sub-order of Ophidians, viz., the Aglyphodont or Azimiopbid serpents, which are characterized as having recurved, conical, rounded, full and smooth teeth, without canulation at their points, and implanted in both jaws. — T. ii. p. 19. Twenty species are described by them, existing in Europe as far north as Norway, N. Africa, Greece, N. America, Seychelles, Java, borders of the Caspian Sea, E. Indies, Japan, Manilla, N. Guinea and Australia. The greater number appear to inhabit N. America. It is very remarkable that, although so numerous in the U. States, they should not be found in the Southern portion of the American continent. Tropidonotds annularis, nob. Char. Nostrils between two plates ; internasals long and narrow ; a frenal ; one antocular, three postocular plates; eight superior labials, the eye resting on 152 [August, the fourth ; prseanal scute bifid ; scales very distinctly carinated, except the three inferior rows, which are smooth ; color above ash ; beneath yellow, with transverse dark colored blotches, arranged for the most part alternately, extending upon the sides ; these blotches extend about half way across the abdomen ; the broadest occupy two scales, the most narrow usually but one, and occasionally unite in the middle; 19 rows of scales; 159 abdom. scuta: 33 bifid sub-caudal. Dimensions. — Total length 2 ft. 6 J inches, (Fr. ;) length of tail 3 in. 8 lines. Habitat. — Ningpo, China. One specimen, in excellent preservation, in Mus. Acad., presented by Dr. McCartee. Gen. CORONELLA. The genus Coronella, established by Laurenti in 1768, is placed by Dumeril and Bibron with the Tropidonotes in the family of Syncrateriens, having " all the teeth smooth, distributed in the same line, but with the last longer, without a free interspace in front of them." T. vii. p. 525. The genus is thus characterized: " Serpents with superior maxillary teeth longer and upon the same line with the others, without interval ; trunk elongated ; tail moderate ; scales smooth ; snout rounded and a little elongated." Dum. et Bib., tom. vii. p. 607. Seven species only are described by them, which inhabit Central and South- ern Europe, Cape of Good Hope, (cana,) U. States, (getulus, Sayi, doliata, Cali- fornica.) To these may be added one formerly described by me from W.Africa, (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,) C. triangularis, and the present species from China. Others will no doubt be determined hereafter. Coronella striata, nob. Char. Head short and thick, rostral plate large and slightly prominent, more extended transversely ; internasals two in number, somewhat quadrangular, smaller than prefrontals ; prefrontals large and quadrangular, frontal broad and short ; occipitals large ; nostrils between two plates, a long quadrangular plate reaching from the posterior nasal to the eye, with a small quadrangular plate above it, between the eye and the prefrontal ; two posterior orbitals ; eight supe- rior labials, the four first narrow, the remainder broad, with the inferior margin of the orbil formed by the fourth and fifth ; scales smooth and quadrangular, 17 rows ; body long and robust ; head thicker than neck ; tail of moderate length, pointed. Coloration. Head brown above, the margins of the plates edged with white ; jaws and throat white; a brown blotch behind the eye extending to near the commissure of the mouth ; a broader one upon the occiput bordered posteriorly with white ; behind the white stripe on either side, which commences near the posterior extremity of the occipital plate, a large brown blotch ; upon the back a row of 47 quadrate brown blotches, the interspaces white ; sides spotted with brown ; abdomen straw color, immaculate ; thirteen blotches upon the tail ex- tending upon the sides, with intervening white bands as upon the body ; under part of tail brown spotted. Abdom. scuta 193; prseanal single ; subcaudal 70. Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch 6 lines, greatest breadth 1 inch, (Fr. ;) length of body 2 feet 11| inches ; greatest circumference 3 inches 3 lines ; length of tail 8 inches. Total length 3 feet ten lines ; greatest circumference 3 inches 3 lines. Habitat. Ningpo, China. Two specimens in Mus. Acad., presented by Dr. McCartee, one fully grown, another younger, and the head and neck of a third. In one of these specimens there is a distinct anterior orbital plate, with a long quadrangular loral between it and the posterior nasal. CROTALID^. We have also two specimens^of Trigonocephali from Ningpo, China, presented by Dr. McCartee, which correspond with the description of Dumeril and Bibron, 1856.] 153 and Siobold and Schlegel's excellent drawing of Trigonoccphalus Blomhoffii, and are no doubt the same. 141 abdonj. so. ; 39 subcaudal ; 21 rows of scales, (25, according to Schlegel.) Total length of one specimen 1 foot 4^ inches, (Fr. :) length of tail 1 inch 7 lines ; length of another specimen 1 foot f inches ; of tail 2 inches 4 lines. The tail, therefore, appears to be somewhat shorter than is indicated by the description of Professors Dumeril and Schlegel, who make it one-sixth of the whole length of the animal. They state that the Tri- gonoccphalus Blomhoffii is the only venomous serpent found in Japan. EANID^. Among the reptiles recently sent to the Academj^ by M. Duchaillu, are four fine specimens of Chamseleo dilepis, and a large serpent formerly described by me in the Proceedings of the Acad. N. S., Vol. vi. p. 205, (Dendrophis flavigu- laris.) The only reptiles in the collection of M. Duchaillu that are not new, are four frogs, all belonging to the same species. Two of this family are already known to the collection, viz., Rana Bibrcnii, nob. (abundant,) and Hyla punc- tata, of which we have but one specimen. Rana albolabris, nob. Char. Head triangular, depressed above ; snout slightly rounded ; eyes pro- minent ; nostrils latero-superior, two lines apart ; openings for the internal nares small and subcircular ; between them two converging lines of vomerine teeth ; eustachian foramina larger than the openings of the internal nares ; tongue ob- cordate, attached in front, free at the sides, notched posteriorly ; back more or less granulated ; a raised and well marked lateral fold on each side, extending from the posterior margin of the eye to the extremity of the coccyx ; tym- panum circular, of moderate size, fingers free ; subarticular tubercles distinct ; base of toe much swollen ; toe and first finger of equal length, third about a line longer than the fourth ; anterior extremities moderately robust ; posterior also webbed, extending to the distal extremity of the antepenultimate phalanx in all the toes except the fourth, in which it extends to the proximal extremity of the same phalanx ; subarticular tubercles of toes less developed than those of fingers. Coloration. Dark brown above, with obscure transverse bars of a deeper color upon posterior extremities ; anterior extremities blotched with darker brown ; a white stripe extending from the extremity of the snout, beneath the eye, and tympanum as far as the anterior extremity ; a small white spot above the shoulder, which appears to be constant, and in several of the specimens a row of smaller white spots along the sides irregularly disposed. In two of the specimens the back presents a marked tinge of olive ; the brown upon the side of the head is somewhat deeper than upon the back, resembling in this respect the Rana sylvatica, Le Conte, of which indeed it may be considered the repre- sentative in West Africa. Under parts whitish, more or less mingled with brown ; in some specimens the brown very greatly predominates ; under surface of thighs more or less spotted with brown. Dimensions. Length of head 9 lines, greatest breadth 8 lines ; length of head, neck and body 1 inch 10 lines to 2 inches 1 line; length of posterior extremities 3 inches 2 lines ; of anterior 1 inch 3 lines ; length of longest toe 9 lines ; of longest finger 5J. Habitat. W. Africa. Four specimens presented by M. Duchaillu. On several new species of Reptiles in the Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences. By Edw. Hallowell, M. D. More detailed descriptions, with drawings of several of the species, will be published in the forthcoming volume of the Transactions of the Philosophic^il Society. 154 [August, SCINCIDiE. Gen. PLESTIODON. Plestiodon sinense ? Dumeril and Bibron. Char. — Head cuneiform, slightly swollen at the temples ; nostrils lateral, opening in a single plate; two supero-nasals, broad and contiguous; an inter- ternasal, quadrangular, posterior angle acute, enclosed by the fronto-nasals ; (in one specimen the fronto-nasal and internasals are all fused into one plate ;) a frontal-hexagonal, broader in front ; two fronto-parietals ; one inter-parietal ; two parietals ; no occipital ; a freno-nasal ; a large and broad frenal ; two freno- orbitar plates ; seven superior labials ; nostrils pyriform, broader end above, three or four scales upon its anterior border ; third and fourth fingers of equal length ; body robust ; scales hezagoaal, 24 rows ; tail long and tapering, robust and cyclo-tetragonal at base ; posterior extremities much shorter than anterior ; second toe much the longest, with 14 distinct transverse scales ; palms of ante- rior and lobes of posterior extremities tuberculated ; six prseanal scales, the two middle ones quite large ; pterygoid teeth ; tongue slightly notched in front, broad and deeply notched posteriorly, squamiform posteriorly. Color. Olive above, with four dark colored and more or less interrupted bands upon the back and tail, the black spots forming these bands, which are not very distinct, occupying the posterior half of each scale ; in some specimens they are much larger than in others ; posterior part of scales upon sides marked with black. Dimensions. Length of head 10 lines, greatest breadth 6^ ; length of neck, body and vent 3 inch, (Fr. ;) of tail 4 inches 6 lines. Total length 8 inches 3 lines. Circumference of body 2 inches 2 lines ; of tail at base 1 inch 7 lines. Another specimen measured 9 inches in length, and the circumference of the apparently older one was 2 inches 8 lines. Habitat. Ningpo, China. Five specimens presented by B. H. McCartee, M.D. Nothing is known of its habits. Gen. Remarks. This animal is very probably the Plestiodon sinense of Du- meril and Bibron, Tiliqua rubriventris, Gray, (Hardwicke's Illustrations of Indian Zoology,) the descriptions of the scales corresponding, viz., olive bordered with yellow, but they make no mention of the four dotted lines down the back, which, however, are shown in Gray's figure, and they give one more row of scales, viz., 25. We have one specimen from the same locality with three white lines down the back bordered with black, probably the young of the above, and which is perhaps identical with Plestiodon pulchrum, Dumeril and Bibron or Tiliqua trivittata, Gray. Gen. EuPREPis. EUPREPIS SURINAMENSIS, nob. Char. Nostrils in a single plate, near its posterior border ; two supero-nasals contiguous ; a large and broad internasal, its lateral and inferior margin in con- tact with the first frenal ; two fronto-nasals not contiguous ; a frontal more ex- tended in the longitudinal direction, bi'oader in front; two fronto-parietals ; a short inter-parietal ; two parietals ; no occipital ; a small naso-frenal ; two frenals and two freno-orbitar plates ; seven superior labials ; four supraciliary plates ; a transparent disk to the inferior eyelid; 30 rows of scales, those upon back Iricarinate ; carinae indistinct ; of the prseanal scales the two middle the largest. Color. Olive above, with brown spots, arranged into two longitudinal rows : a brown band on each side from one and a half to two lines in breadth, com- mencing behind the eye and passing over the ear, losing itself upon the tail ; extremities blotched with brown above ; under parts silvery white without spots. Total length '7 inches 3 lines. Ilabiiat. Surinam. One specimen presented by Dr. Bering. 185G.] 155 EOPKEPIS MICROCEPUALUS, nob Syn. Scincus ventralis, Peale and Green. Char. Nostrils in a single plate near its posterior border ; two supero-nasals not contiguous ; an internasal broader than long, its lateral inferior margin in contact with the first frenal; two fronto-nasals; a frontal very large, broader anterior!}' ; a small inter-parietal ; two parietals, broad and rather short ; six su- perior labials ; head short and rather trapu ; gape of mouth small ; tongue slightly notched in front, papillous ; auditory opening somewhat triangular in shape, with three small scales in front ; 29 rows of scales, with from Y to 8 carinae, the middle ones wider apart than the others ; tail longer than hsad, neck and body, cyclo-totragonal at base, tapering gradually to a point. Total length 4 inches 9 lines. Uabilai. Mexico. One specimen presented by Mr. W. H. Keating. EuPREPis DissiMiLis, nob. Char. Nostrils in a single plate, near its posterior border ; two supero-nasals, slender, contiguous ; an internasal, broader than long ; two fronto-nasals ; a frontal, much more narrow posteriorly ; two fronto parietals, longer and more narrow than the fronto-nasals ; a short inter-parietal, broader in front ; two pa- rietals ; a small naso-frenal ; two frenals and two freno-orbitars ; seven superior labials ; a transparent disk to the inferior eyelid ; 33 rows of carinated scales, the seven lateral rows more or less tri-carinaie, the intermediate ones strongly bi- carinate ; tail long and tapering, cyclo-tetragonal at base. Color. Light olive above, with three distinct lighter colored vittse, com- mencing behind the occiput and extending down the back upon the tail ; under parts white without spots. Total length T inches 11 lines. Habitat. Bengal. Two specimens presented by Dr. Burrough. EuPREPIS LONGICAUDATA, nob. Char. Nostrils in a single plate, near its posterior border ; two slender supero- nasals apparently contiguous ; a large internasal extending laterally upon the sides of the head, where it joins the supero-nasal and the first frenal plate ; two fronto-nasals, more or less quadrangular, passing likewise down upon the sides of the head, where they join the first and second frenal ; a frontal much longer than broad, narrow behind ; fronto-parietals pentangular ; one inter-parietal, more narrow posteriorly, and two 2:)arietals, larger than the fronto-parietals ; no occipital ; a small naso-frenal ; two frenals and two freno-orbitars ; seven superior labials; a transparent disk to the inferior eyelid; 30 rows of scales; those upon back distinctly tri-carinate, those upon sides also tri-carinate, but the carinae are very indistinct ; four inferior rows upon sides, and those upon neck smooth ; scales upon tail tri-carinate, smooth laterally and inferiorly ; tail very long. Color. Olive green above, with a tinge of green below, except upon poste- rior half of tail, which as well as the upper part is brown ; a broad black late- ral band on each side. Total length 8 inches 4J lines. Habitat. Siam. One specimen in Museum of Academy, presented by Dr. Ruschenberger, U. S. N. OPHIOPTHALMID.^. We have fourteen specimens of Ablepharus Peronii. The predominating color in most of these specimens is bronze, mingled with green, with two late- ral rays bordered with black, as described by Dumeril and Bibron. In some of the specimens, however, the predominating color is brownish above, with two central rows of black spots. Dumeril and Bibron observe that this species has a very wide range, being found, according to them, in New Holland, Otaheite, Java, the Isle of France, Morea and Peru. The entire number of species: of Scinecoidians or Lepidosaurian Lizards is 100 ; 12 156 [August, these we liave about 40, comprising 132 individuals, with many duplicates of several of the species, twentj'-one specimens, for instance, of Gongylus ocellatus. They include the following genera, viz., Scincus, Sphenops, Gongylus, Ples- tiodon, Eumeces, Euprepis, Lygosoma, Tropidolopisma, Leiolopisma, Cyclodus, Trachysaurus, Ablepharus, Seps, Anguis and Acoutias. [Fam. BOID^. Gen. NoTOPHis, nob. Char. Head small, triangular, depressed above ; eyes of moderate size, late- ral, supraciliary plates not projecting ; anterior half of head covered with well defined plates, posterior with scales ; two internasals ; two anterior and two posterior frontals, the former passing down alongside of the head to meet the superior labials ; nostrils in a single plate ; eleven plates upon the top of the head, viz., two internasals, two anterior and two posterior frontals, a vertical and two occipitals, with several small plates between them ; a loral, one ante- rior orbitar and three posterior orbitars ; a row of hexagonal scales larger than the others running along the median line of the back ; prasanal scute and sub- caudal plates single ; ventral scutes quite narrow. NOTOPHIS BICARINATUS, nob. Char. Color uniformly yellow, with a tinge of red upon the abdomen ; nine superior labials, the sixth higher than the others ; dorsal middlle row bi-cari- nate, the rest uni-carinate ; carinfe quite distinct ; 27 rows of scales ; 215 longitu- dinal rows upon body ; 41 upon tail. Dimensions. Total length 1 foot 8| inches ; of tail 2 inches 4 lines, (prehensile.) Habitat. Cuba. One specimen presented by Gavin Watson, M. D. Descriptions of new species of African Birds, in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, collected by Mr. P. B. Du Chaillu, in Equatorial Africa. By John Cassin. Gencs ]\IELIGN0THES, nobis. Bill short, thick and conical. Wings rather long ; second, third and fourth quills longest and nearly equal. Tail moderate. Allied to the genus Indicator, Vieillot. The short billed Indicators form a distinct group, easily recognized by the bill, as above described. Heretofore there have been known Indicator minor, Stephens, (/. minimum, Temm.) and Indicator xanthonotus, Blyth, belonging to this group, but in neither of them is the bill so short and thick as in the two species that we are now about to describe. 1. MELICXOTnES CONIROSTEIS, HObiS. About the size of/, minor and resembling it, but with the bill thicker ; wings shorter ; legs and toes longer. Bill short, thick, wide and rather suddenly com- pressed at the tip ; nostrils large ; third and fourth quills slightly longest. Legs stout; toes long ; tail moderate, rounded. Dimensions. — Total length (of skin) 5| inches, wings 3j, tail 2\, bill i inch. Colors. — Head above dark cinereous, every feather nearly black in the middle; back, rump, upper tail co\'erts and wing coverts with every feather brownish black in the middle and edged on both sides with golden yellow. Quills brown- ish black, edged externally with the yellow of the back; narrow on the primaries, wider on the secondaries. Feathers of the throat white at base, dark at their tips. Small space on the abdomen and flanks white, with longitudinal stripes of dark ashy brown. Other under parts and sides of the head and neck clear dark cinereous, under tail coverts slightly edged with white. Under wing coverts ashy. Tail, with the four central feathers brownish black, narrowly edged with 1856.] 157 yellow, olhers j-ellowish white, tipped with dark brown. Bill and feet bluish black. Hah. — Moonda river, Western Africa. Discovered by Mr. P. B. Du Chaillu. (9^,5. — jVs stated above, this species is about the size of /. minor, and some- what resembles it. In addition to the differences already pointed out, this bird has the bill entirelj' bluish black, not white at base of the under mandible as in /. 7)ii?ior, and as carefully represented in Temm. PI. Col. 542. The colors are much more clear and different from that species. The bill in the present bird is r(>markably short and thick. This species may be that represented by Le Vaillant, Ois. d'Afrique, pi. 242, but is very different from that represented in Cimelia Physica, pi. 24, A. The latter is /. Sparrmanni, Stephens, but not the former. It is possible, too, that this may be the bird alluded to by authors on the Ornithology of Western Africa as /. minor, but it is distinct from that species of Southern Africa. 2. Melignotees exilis, nobis. The smallest of all known birds of this group. Bill short, thick ; wings moder- ate ; second and third quills slightly longest ; tail moderate ; legs and toes rather strong. Dimensions. — Total length (of skin) 4J inches, wings 2\, tail IJ inches. Entire upper plumage with every feather dark in the middle and edged on both sides with greenish yellow, darker on the head. Quills dark brown, edged e.'cternally with yellow. Entire under parts greenish cinereous, paler on the ab- domen and nearly white on the ventral region. Tail with the four middle fea- thers bi-ownish black, others yellowish white tipped with dark brown. Bill bluish black ; base of under mandible yellowish white ; feet bluish black. Hab.— River Moonda, Western Africa. Discovered by Mr. P. B. Du Chaillu. Obs. — This is the smallest Indicator yet discovered, and is a singular looking little bird. The bill is short and thick, almost resembling that of some species of Euphonia. This bird, in general appearance, bears some resemblance to the preceding, but is much smaller and easily distinguished. One specimen only is in the collection. Genus HET^ERODES, nobis. Allied to typical Indicator. Bill moderate, curved, slender, rather wide at base, but rather abruptly compressed and tapering to the point ; wings rather long ; second and third quills longest and nearly equal; tail moderate, containing ten rather wide feathers ; tarsi and toes weak, slender, the two anterior rather lung. Size of only known species small. 3. Hbt;erodes insignis, nobis. Small, about the size of the last preceding and resembling it in color, but with the bill totally different (as above described), and the feet .smaller and slender. Dimensions. — Total length (of skin) 4J inches, wing 2i, tail 1| inches. Colors. — Entire upper parts dark olive, tinged with yellow, the latter prevail- ing on the lower back and rump ; quills dark brown, edged externally with greenish yellow ; narrow on the primaries, wider on the secondaries, and inter- nally with yellowish white. Under parts ashy olive, darker on the breast, paler and nearly white on the abdomen and under tail coverts. Under wing coverts yellowish white. Tail with the four middle feathers dark olive brown, outer "feathers yellowish white, edged with pure yellow. Bill and feet bluish black. jjab. — Moonda river. Western Africa. Discovered by Mr. P. B. Du Chaillu. Obs. — This is one of the most curious little birds that I have ever seen. It is in all respects, a miniature cuckoo, having evident alliance to Indicator and to Chrysococccyx, but especially to the former. The bill is pointed and curved somewhat as in the larger species oi Indicator, but more slender. The plumage, and especially the tail are of the same colors that prevail in this group. One specimen only is in the present collection. 15s [August 4. IspiDTNA Lecontet, nolj'is. The smallest of the birds of the genera Ispidina and Corythornis, and with the bill broailcr and more flat. Bill long, broad, flat, rather obtuse at the point; wing moderate, third quill slightly longest ; tail very short ; legs short, weak. Dimensions. — Total length (of skin) 3f inches, wing 1 8-lOths, tail 9-lOths, bill i'l fiont 1, width of bill at nostrils 3-lOths inch. C)lr)'s. — Male. Front black (without spots), crown and occiput bluish black, with small spots of light blue ; back, rump and upper tail coverts light blue, with a purple tinge, a narrow partially concealed collar of rufous on the neck behind ; wing coverts black, with small purplish blue spots, quills bluish black, edged with pale rufous on their inner webs. Tail bluish black. A small spot in front of the eye ; cheeks, breast and abdomen yellowish rufous, darker on the breast, throat white, under wing coverts rufous. Upper mandible brownish black, point white ; under mandible at base yellow, then dark brown towards the point, but at the point white ; legs yellow Hab. — Moonda river. Western Africa. Discovered by Mr. P. B. Du Chaillu. This little bird may readily be distinguished from either of the species of minute kingfishers of the genera Ispidina and Corytliornis, previously known by its much broader and flat bill, which is long and quite as flat as in any species of Todiramphus. The frontal feathers are clear, lustrous black to the base of the upper mandible, unspotted. It is, moreover, the smallest of all those species. Of the two genera mentioned, all the known species are now in the collection of this Academy, including Ispidina nitida, Kaup., and Coryihornis nais, Kaup. The present is the only specimen that I have ever seen of this species, and is not readily to be mistaken for any other. This curious little species is named in honor of my friend John L. Leconte, M. D., one of the most distinguished and accomplished of American Zoologists with whom I have had the great gratification of intimate and uninterrupted friendship for years. 5. Napothera castanea, nobis. About the size of iV. atricapilla of Sumatra, and somewhat resembles it. Bill moderate, straight, rather wide at base, distinctly notched, curved abruptly at tip, wing rather long, fourth quill longest. Tail moderate, ample, somewhat rounded. Dimensions. — Total length (of skin) 6| inches, wing 3 4-lOths, tail 2j inches. Colors. — Male. Feathers of the forehead and over the eye black, each having a middle longitudinal line of bright rufous. Feathers of the crown and occiput at base light reddish yellow and tipped with dark rufous. Back, wing coverts and rump bright reddish chestnut, darker on the rump. Lores, cheeks, sides and flanks light cinereous. Throat, middle of breast and abdomen white. Under tail coverts yellowish white. Bill brownish black, feet lighter. Greater wing coverts with light rufous circular spots at their tips, edged with black. Ilab. — Moonda river, "Western Africa. Discovered by Mr. P. B. Du Chaillu. This bird is, for all that I can see, an aberrant Hapothera, and in its general appearance resembles -A^. atricapilla, coronata, and other species of Sumatra, Borneo and Java. It appears to be the first species of this genus yet discovered in Western Africa. 6. Tricophorus calurus, nobis. General form of and resembling T. gularis, Horsfield, (not Swainson,) and T. raniceps, both of Java and Borneo, and about the size of the latter, but smaller than the former. Bill slightly curved; fifth quill longest. Tail rather long. Dimensions. — Total length (of skin) about 7 inches, wing 3^, tail 3^ inches. Colors. — Male. Throat white. Tail and its upper coverts rufous, the outer feathers edged narrowly with greenish yellow; tail beneath lighter. Head above dark brownish ashy, cheeks lighter, each feather with a line of white, a narrow ring of ashy white around the eye. Back, rump and wings yellowish olive green, rather darkest on the wings. Under parts (except throat) greenish Tellow, or nearly pure yellow in the middle of the breast and abdomen. 1850.] 159 and much shaded with green on the sides. Under coverts of the wings green- ish yellow. Bill corneous, the margins white, tarsi light bluish. Female similar but smaller. Hub. — Moonda river, Western Africa. Discovered by Mr. P. B. Du Chaillu. Obs. — This species much resembles in form and color T. ffularis, Horsfield, from Java, but is much smaller and otherwise different. It also resembles T. canicejjs, Lafres, (which seems to be Najwthera sulphurata, Miiller,) and is about the same size. It is a very remarkable form for Western Africa. In color this bird appears to be similar to Dasycephala syndactyla, Swainson, (which is described as 9| inches long,) but it has no syndactyle character, and is much smaller. Several specimens are in the collection. 7. Trichophorus notatus, nobis. Bill moderate, nearly straight ; wing with the fourth and fifth quills longest. Tail rather long. Bhnensions. — Total length (of skin) about 7^ inches, wing 3^, tail 3^ inches. Colors. — Male. A spot of yellow in front of the eye. Entire upper parts yellowish olive green, darker on the head ; wings and tail the same color as the back, with the inner webs of the feathers dark reddish brown. Quills edged on their inner webs with pale yellow, outer feathers of the tail with large spots of pale yellow at their tips. Under parts bright yellow, tinged with green on the sides. Bill corneous, edges of both mandibles white ; tarsi light colored. Un- der wing coverts yellow. Female, similar but rather smaller. Hab. — Moonda river, Western Africa. Discovered by Mr. P. B. Du Chaillu. Obs. — Owing to evident difiSculties in determining the species of birds which have been referred to the genus Tricophorus, we have invariably declined pre- senting any as new in the various African collections that have come into our hands. But the two birds that we now describe are so strongly marked, that we have abandoned our previous custom. The present bird belongs to the same group as T. canicapillus, Hartlaub, cha- racterized in some measure by the bill being straighter than usual in this genus. It does not, however, closely resemble that species, nor any other known to us, and is strongly marked by the bright yellow spot in front of the eye, which cha- racter distinguishes it at once from T. eximius, Hartlaub (Cabanis Journal, 1855. p. 356), and it is much smaller. Four specimens are in the collection. On motion of Dr. Rand, the Academy proceeded to an election for Librarian to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Dr. \V . S. Zantzinper. The Chair appointed Dr. Brinton and Mr. Schafhirt, Tellers. The election having been held, the tellers reported that Dr. J. Aitken Meigs had been unanimously elected. F.LECTION. Drs. Wm. Mayburry, Thos. George Morton, and George R. More- house, of Philadelphia, and Mr. Alfred Monnier, of Camden, were elected Members; and Mr. J. Barnard Davis, of Shelton, England, was elected a Correspondent of the Academy. 1856.] 161 Septemher Id, 1856. Mr. Le.\, Vice President, in the Chair. Letters were read — From the Canadian Institute, dated Toronto, C. W., July 25th, 1856, transmitting the Canadian Journal for 1856, and desiring ex- change. Referred to the Committee on Proceedings. From F. V. Hayden, dated Fort Union, July 10th, 1856, acknow- ledging his election as Correspondent. From B. F. Shumard, Secretary of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, dated July oOth, 1858, acknowledging the receipt of copies of the Journal and Proceedings of the Academy, and enclosing a resolu- tion of thanks adopted by the Academy at St. Louis. From the Boston Society of Natural History, dated June 26th, 1856, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings of the Academy, (Vol. 8, No. 1, Title and Index,) and the Journal, (N. S. Vol. 3, part 2.) From the Librarian of the British Museum, acknowledging the re- ceipt of the Proceedings of the Academy, (Vol. 6, Nos. 7, 12, and Vol. 7, No. 1.) From F. A. Sauvalle, dated Havana, June 2, 1856, transmitting a collection of shells. From the Royal Society of Sciences of Liege, dated Bonn, April 20th, 1856, transmitting their Memoirs, acknowledged this even- ing- From the Natural History Union of Prussian Rhineland and West- phalia, dated March 24:th, 1856, transmitting their publications acknowledged this evening. Dr. Leidy read a paper entitled, " Notice of some Remains of Extinct Vertebrated Animals, by Joseph Leidy, M. D.," which was referred to a committee consisting of Dr. T. B. Wilson, Dr. Le Conte, and Mr. Haldeman. Mr. Ashmead stated that, he had observed during the past summer an unusual scarcity of marine algae at Beesley's Point, some species usually found in shallow waters having entirely disappeared. Mr. A. attributed this to the intense cold of last winter causing the shallow bays and ponds to be frozen to the bottom. When the ice broke up, the seaweed adhering to it would be carried away. Whole beds of planted oysters were thus lost. The Heterodon Platyrhynus, generally very abundant, was this year almost extinct. Dr. Leidy stated that he had been informed by the fishermen, that immense numbers of crabs were destroyed by the cold, so that this season they were quite scarce. Mr. Haldeman had observed numbers of evergreens killed by the win- ter's cold. PROCEED. ACAD. STAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VIII. NO. V. 13 162 [Sept. September 9th. Dr. Bridges, Vice President, in the Chair. A paper was presented entitled, " Researches upon the Cyprinoid Fishes inhabiting the fresh waters of the United States of America, west of the Mississippi Valley, from specimens in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution, by Charles Girard, M. D.," which was re- ferred to a Committee consisting of Drs. J. A. Meigs, Rand, and Hallowell. September IQth. Mr. Lea, Vice President, in the Chair. Letters were read — From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Madrid, dated December 31st, 1854, transmitting their publications acknowledged this even- ing. From the Smithsonian Institution, dated Washington, June 18th, 1856, acknowledging the receipt of Vol. 8, No. 2, of the Proceedings of the Academy. From the American Philosophical Society, dated September 3d, 1856, acknowledging the receipt of the Journal, (N. S. Vol. 3, part 2,) and the Proceedings (Vol. 8, Nos. 1, 2, 3), of the Academy. Dr. Leidy remarked that, he had observed the eyes of the Katy-did {Flaty- phyllum concavum) which during the day are translucent and greenish, at night assume a deep cherry red color. Upon experimenting with the insect he found that, when the light was excluded, in the course of a few hours the eyes gradu- ally became dark red, and after a restoration of light they again became trans- lucent and greenish. The phenomenon was not positively explained, but it was supposed to belong to the same category of changes, observed in the skin of certain reptiles and cephalopoda ; /. e. the coloring matter of the eyes probably is composed of chromatophora, or contractile pigment cells, which according to the condition of contraction exhibit a difference in color. Dr. Leidy also directed the attention of the members to several shells of the oyster and clam [Ostrea virginiana and Venus mercenaria) much perforated, which are common on the ocean shore, where they are noticed by all visitors. Dr. L. had for a long time suspected that the perforatiocs were due to some other molluscous animal or a worm ; and he had frequently sought for them. The last summer, in dredging, in company with Mr. Ashmead and Prof. Baird, on an old oyster bed, at Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey, a large number of these perforated shells were obtained, and all of them were observed to be occupied by a sulphur yellow sponge of the genus Cliona. This boring sponge forms an extensive system of galleries between the outer and inner layer of the shells, and protrudes through the perforations of the latter tubular processes, from one to two lines long and one-half to three-fourths of a line wide. The tubes are of two kinds; the most numerous being cylindrical aud expanded at the orifice in a corolla form, with their margin thin, translucent, entire, veined with more opaque lines, and with the throat bristling with silicious spicule. The second kind of tubes are comparatively few, about as one is to thirty of the other, and are shorter, wider, not expanded at the orifice, and the throat unobstructed 1856.] 163 with spiculae. Some of the second variety of tubes are constituted of a confiu- ent pair, the throat of which bifurcates at bottom. Both kinds of the tubes are very slightly contractile, and under irritation may gradually assume the appear- ance of superficial wart-like eminences within the perforations of the shell occu- pied by the sponge. Water obtains access to the interior of the latter through the more numerous tubes, and is expelled in quite active currents from the wider tubes. In structure the sponge is composed of an intertexture of granular matter and pin-like silicious spicula^. Several species of Cliona are indicated by European naturalists, but are not characterised with sufficient detail to determine whether the one above indicated is distinct or not from them. Dr. L. further added, it might appear only of scientific interest to observe a structure so low as the sponge is classified in the organic kingdom, endowed with the power of penetrating such dense and hard bodies as the shell of the clam and oyster, but he suspected that the agency of the boring sponge was a highly important one in the sequence of natural phenomena, as it is a means by which dead shells are rapidly decomposed to be dissolved in the ocean water, where they may again serve as the elements of construction of the habitations of the rising generations of molluscous animals. In confirmation of this view Dr. L. stated, that an extensive bed of oysters, which had been planted by Mr. Thomas Beasley, at Great Egg Harbor, and which was in excellent condition three years since, had been subsequently destroyed by an accumulation of mud. The shells of the dead oysters, which were of large size and in great number, in the course of two years have been so completely riddled by the boring Cliona that they may be crushed with the utmost ease, whereas without the agency of this sponge the dead shells might have remained in their soft, muddy bed, devoid of sand and pebbles, undecomposed perhaps even for a century. September 23d. Mr. Ord, President in the Chair. Mr. Lea presented a paper entitled, " Description of the Bjssus in the genus Unio, by Isaac Lea," which was referred to a committee con- sisting of Dr. T. B. Wilson, Dr. Bridges, and Mr. Vaux. September SOth. Dr. Bridges, Vice President, in the Chair. The Committee on Dr. Leidy's paper read [^2d inst., on Dr. Girard's paper read 9th inst., and on Mr. Lea's paper read 23d inst., severally reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings of the Academy. Notice of some remains of extinct Vertebrated Animals. By Joseph Lkidy, M. D. 1. Leptauchenia major, Leidy. In an examination of a collection of fossils obtained by Dr. F. V. Hayden, in Nebraska, for the St. Louis Academy of Science, I observed the mutilated jaws of a larger species of Leptauchenia than that pre- viously characterized under the name of L. decora, (Pr. A. N. S., Phila., viii. 88.) In the upper jaw there are seven molars, forming nearly a continuous row, pre- 164 [September, ceded by a small curved, conical caniue. The anterior three pre-moLars possess a large outer lobe, and a postero-internal column, which is nearly obsolete in the first of the series, and is best developed in the last. The fourth pre-molar has a symmetrical pair of lobes as in ordinary ruminants. In a specimen of the lower jaw belonging to L. major ^ and containing several true molars, there are also three pre-molars. The last of the latter had been but a short time protruded. Its crown, in the general form, is like the outer part in the corresponding tooth of the deer. The antepenultimate pre-molar has a triliedral crown, of which the inner and posterior sides are depressed. The intermediate pre-molar belonged to the temporary series, and has its crown nearly worn away. The specimen of the lower jaw indicated proves that the fragment of a lower jaw containing several pre-molars, the canine, and incisive alveoli, previously referred to L. decora, does not belong to that genus. Comparative measurements of L. decora and L. major are as follows : — L.decora. Series of seven upper molars, - - - - 25 lines " upper true molars, - - - - 14 " " lower " " - _ - - 15 " L. major. 32 lines. 20 " 21 " 2. Protomertx Halli, Leidy. Founded upon a fragment of the lower jaw, containing alveoli for three incisors to one side of the symphysis, and followed immediately by the canine. The latter is small and has a laterally compressed, obtuse crown, somewhat resem- bling the upper canine of the Llama. Succeeding the canine after a short in- terval is the first pre-molar, with the crown broken off, but which apparently had the same form as in the canine. After another interval of about one-third of an iuch, there are two pre-molars, inserted by two fangs, and having a broad, laterally compressed, pyramidal crown. The animal is most probably a ruminant, partaking of the characters of the camel and the suiline families. Specimen obtained by Dr. F. V. Hayden, at Bear Creek, Nebraska Territory. Formerly supposed to belong to Leptauchenia decora. The species is dedicated to Prof. James Hall, the eminent palaeontologist. 3. Oreodon major, Leidy. Ancient Fauna of Nebraska, 55. Having the opportunity of examining an entire skull of Oreodon major, in the St. Louis collection of Nebraska fossils, obtained by Dr. Hayden, I find it is really a distinct species, being characterised, not only by its larger size than the other described species, but from its possessing large inflated tympanic bones, which is not the case in 0. Culbertsonii and 0. gracilis. This latter cha- racter might be supposed to be generic, but it is the only important anatomical feature in which 0. major differs from the other species. Comparative measurements of the skull of the three species are as follows : — Oreodon major, ... length 8| in. . . - breadth 5J in. " Culbertsonii, - - " 1\ in. - - - " ^ in. " gracilis - - - " 5 in. - - - " 3" in. 4. Agriochcerus major, Leidy. A larger species than A. antiguvs, indicated by a single inferior true molar. It is the first or second, and measures three-quarters of an inch antero-poste- riorly and half an inch transversely. Specimen in the Nebraska collection made by Dr. Hayden, for the St. Louis Academy of Sciences. 5. Entelodon ingens, Leidy, A huge species, indicated by several mutilated canines, the anterior extremity of a lower jaw without teeth, and the crown of an inferior molar tooth. The chin of the fragment of a jaw is 4^ inches in depth and 5 inches in breadth at 1856.] 165 the basal tuberosities. The crown of the lower true molar tooth is nearly an inch and a half antero-posteriorly and an inch transversely. Specimens in the collection made in Nebraska by Dr. Hayden, for the St. Louis Academy of Sciences. 6. Pal;eoch(erus probus, Leidy. A species indicated by a superior first true molar, and a fragment of the lower jaw with the last pre-molar and the succeeding two true molars, all of which have the same form as in Palmochccrus lypus. Diameter of the superior molar 6 lines ; antero-posterior diameter of the second lower true molar 7 lines ; do. of the last pre-molar 6 lines. Specimens from the collection made in Nebraska by Dr. Hayden, for the St. Louis Academy of Sciences. 7. Manatus antiquus, Leidy. The species is predicated on fragments of ribs found in the miocene deposits of N'ew Jersey and Virginia, and on a fragment of a rib and an isolated molar tooth, discovered by Capt. Bowman, U. S. A., in the sands of Ashley river. South Carolina. The tooth apparently corresponds to the sixth or seventh upper molar of 31. laiirostris, Harlan, than which it is considerably larger. It has no anterior basal ridge, but from both of the inner lobes of the crown the summits are prolonged in a curved line to the middle of the outer lobes. The specimen measures in both diameters 9^ lines. 8. Hydroch(erus J]]sopi, Leidy. Oromys JEsojn, Leidy. Pr. A. N. S., vii, 241. Portions of two molar teeth in the collection of Capt. Bowman, from Ashley river, S. C, prove that a fragment of an incisor tooth from the same locality and previously referred to Oromys ^sopi, really belongs to a species of Hydro- chcerus, about as large as the H. capybara of South America. 9. CoMPSOSAURUS PRiscus, Leidy. The name is proposed on the remains of a saurian, obtained from the coal field of Chatham Co., N. C, consisting of four teeth, which have been submitted to my inspection by Dr. F. A. Genth. The teeth vary in size, are compressed conical, uearly as broad as long, slightly curved, with opposed trenchant, denticulate edges, constricted at the base, andapparently have been inserted by a compressed cylindrical fang. The teeth are solid ; the enamel is striated ; and in the larger specimens the base is longitudinally ribbed. They resemble those of the lacertian Pala'osaurus from the magnesiau conglomerate of England ; but in the latter genus the teeth are hollow. Accompanying the teeth is the specimen of a coprolite, containing a few visible ganoid fish scales. Researches upon the Cyprinoid Fishes inhahiting the fresh waters of the United States of America, west of the Mississippi Valley, from specimens in the 3Iuseum of the Smithsonian Institution. By Charles Girard, M. D. The fishes which are the subject of the present memoir, were collected at different times and periods, by several naturalists and surgeons attached to the various surveys undertaken within the five years past. And first of all, there is the survey of the United States and Mexican boundary, from 1851 to 1855. John H. Clark, who accompanied Col. .J. D. Graham, in 1851, collected extensively in the rivers and creeks of Texas and New Mexico. Under Major W. H. Emory, now commissioner of the boundary line, numerous collec- tions were made by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, in Texas, in the valley of the Rio Grande and provinces of Chihuahua and Sonora. The survey of routes for a railroad to the Pacific was commenced in 1853, 16G [September, and continued until 1855. Lt. A. W. "Whipple, under whose command the survey- near the thirty-fifth parallel of latitude was eflfected, in securing the services of Dr. C. B. Kennerly, contributed very largely to our collections of fishes from Texas, and the numerous tributaries of the Arkansas River. H. B. Mollhausen, artist to the same expedition, showed also much zeal and industry for collecting. The survey near the thirty-second parallel of latitude, western end, under Lt. J. G.Parke, contributed a few specimens, collected by Dr. A. L. Heermann. The eastern end of the same thirty-second parallel was explored by Capt. John Pope, who having attached to his party Dr. Geo. G. Shumard, interesting speci- mens were obtained therefrom. The survey of the partial routes on the Pacific side, under Lt.R. S. Williamson, Dr. A. L. Heermann being surgeon and naturalist to the party, a large collec- tion of fresh water fishes, amongst which were several Cyprinoids, was made in the valley of the San Joaquin River, and the Tulare Valley. Subsequently, the same officer explored the Sacramento Valley from San Francisco, Cal., to Astoria, Or., having Dr. John S. Newberry as naturalist, who secured many interesting members of the family of fishes now under considera- tion. The survey of the route near the thirty-eighth and thirty-ninth parallels, under the late Capt. Gunnisson, and of the forty-first by Lt. E. G. Beckwith, secured many interesting specimens from the valley of the Great Salt Lake and Hum- boldt River. The survey of the northern route, under Gov. L 1. Stevens, was as fruitful in many respects as both the United States and Mexican boundary survey, and the survey of the thirty-fifth parallel. Dr. George Suckley, Dr. J. G. Cooper, and Dr. John Evans, proved indefatigable in their efforts for collecting. The upper Missouri and Yellow Stone rivers were explored by Dr. F. V. Hay- den, under the protection of Col. A. Vaughan, and thus were we made acquainted with the ichthyic fauna of those remote waters. Lt. D. N. Couch, U. S. A., explored, iu the winter of 1852-3, the Mexican pro- vinces of Tamaulipas, New-Leon, and Coahuila, thus adding materials towards an elucidation of the natural history of the country south of the Rio Grande del Norte (Rio Bravo) ; and but partially explored by the United States and Mexi- can boundary commission. Valuable specimens from Platte or Nebraska river, the valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah and Humboldt river, were also received from the late J. Soule Bowman. To John Potts, Esq., of Chihuahua, we owe some very interesting species from the hydrographic basin of Chihuahua river, and the valley of Mexico. One species was purchased in tlie market of the city of Mexico by Major Wm. Rich. The species formerlj' described, from tlie River Zuui, collected by Dr. Wood- house, under Capt. L. Sitgreaves, are likewise included in this prodromus. Thus the countrj^ embraced within these surveys and fields of explorations, is limited eastwardly by the valleys of the Missouri and Mississippi, and west- wardly bj^ the Pacific ocean, extending from Puget Sound and the British posses- sions at the North, to the valleys of the Rio Gila and Rio Grande del Norte (Rio Bravo) to the South, and even including the Mexican provinces of Tamaulipas, New Leon, Coahuila, Chihuahua and Sonora. The iuA'estigations of such an amount of materials could not be extemporised. Indeed, even investigations upon tliese various collections could not have been traced each separatively in the order in which they were collected. From a preliminary examination of the first lot received in 1851, I became very soon im- pressed with the difficulty of the task, and foresaw the utter impossibility, at that time, to do anything like justice to the subject. In the mean time, however, a Notice upon a colleciion of fishes from the southern bend of the Tennessee river, in the Slate of Alabama, by Louis Agassiz, was j)ub- lished,* containing several members of the Cyprinoid family. And some time * Amer, Journ. of Sc, 2d. ser. xvii. 1854, pp. 297, 353. 1856.] 167 afterwards appeared a Synopsis of the Ichthyologkal Fauna of the Pacific slope of North America, chiefly from the collections made by the U. S. Expl. Exped. under the command of Capt. C. Wilkes, tvith recent additions and comparisons with eastern types. By the same author* These two papers, though anticipating some of the following results, were greeted with a hearty ■welcome, and I can only regret that the second was not concluded up to the time I am writing. I have delayed entering into this sub- ject as long as was consistent with the duties imposed upon me. In both of them, we find the laudable desire of attempting to bring back into use, the long forgotten genera of Rafinesque, which fell into disuse because of their own imperfection; and if they have not passed into the common nomencla- ture of the day, it was owing to their defect, more than to the partiality of naturalists. For we may well imagine how anyone would feel when rebuilding another's work, as little known to the author as to the commentators themselves. And yet, for my part, I have always looked upon the restoration of Rafinesque's genera and species as highly desirable, so soon as they had once been proposed and introduced into science as names. But in order to do justice to the scheme, it was necessary to the undertaking that one should go to the very ground trodden over by Rafinesque himself, his book in hand, during all the seasons of the year, ay, even for years in succession, to enable us to discriminate between that which Rafinesque really observed, and that which is imaginary. That the Ichthyoloyia Ohiensis has been, and still is a stumbling block, is fully evinced by the fact that Dr. J. P. Kirtland, the Ohio ichthyologist, of untiring and energetic zeal and perseverance, was baffled in many of his attempts to determine Rafinesque's genera and species. These genera and species, thus restored by Prof. Agassiz, may therefore not be received by all ichthj'ologistsas the final settlement of that much controverted question. Be it as it may, that is : whether the identification be right or wrong, since we must have these names, I sincerely hope Ihey will now be adopted, once for all, as proposed. Since circumstances have compelled me to write this memoir before the com- pletion of Agassiz's synopsis, I have restored the balance of Rafinesque's genera in the family of Cyprinoids: such are Plargyrus and Semotilus. Once upon that field of inquiries I reverted to Heckel's genera Argyreus and Leucosomus, and shewed their claim for admission upon the same general principles and canons of scientific nomenclature. On a former occasion the genus Leucosomus was altogether misunderstood by me, and from an advice of mine it thus entered into the " History of the Fishes of Massachusetts, by Dr. D. H. Storer." Prof. Agassiz was led into the same error. f Heckel by inadvertence applies the name of Cyprinus chrysohucus, Mitch., to Leuciscus pulchellus, Storer, as shown by the figures given of its teeth and the wording of its generical diagnosis. Leucosom.us, therefore, is identical with Chdlonemus, and accordiagly is the name to be adopted. Cheilonemus was liroposed tor Leuciscus jmlchellus, and allied species, when it was supposed that Leuciscus chrysoleucus would constitute the type of the genus Leucosomus. But it is now well ascertained that Leuciscus chrysoleucus of Mitchell belongs to Rafinesque's genus Luxilus ; and Luxilus has the priority over Leucosomus. Leuciscus gracilis of Richardson, referred by Heckel to Leucosomus, is of a dif- ferent generic type. As to the genus Argyreus, Heckel includes in it two species generally distinct. Cyprinus atronasus, Mitch., and Cypr. rubripinnis, Mus. Par. MS. But Cyprinus rubripinnis is identical with Leuciscus cornutus, and since Leuciscus cornutus is to enter the genus Plargyrus of Rafinesque, Cyprinus atronasus remains as the type of the genus Argyreus, which again is identical with Rhinichthys. It must be recollected, however, that the teeth figured by Heckel under the name of Argyreus rubripinnis, are those of Plargyrus cornutus. *Amer, Jour, of Sc, 2d. ser. xix. 1855, pp. Vl, 215. ■j-Amer. Jour, of Sc, 2d. ser. xix. 1855, p. 225. 168 [September, All the species referred to in this memoir I have seen and examined ; there is not a solitary fact here recorded that was not theresult of personal researches. On several occasions I have referred to species from the Atlantic States of the Union, and even from the northern lakes, but it will be obvious to every one that it was only on such occasions as could not well be omitted without sacrifice to the completeness of the subject. I have aimed at concision, as far as consistent with the nature of the task. It was deemed unnecessary to recall, ever and anon, the history of any parti- cular genus, unless it happened to be intricate, for, whoever is interested in the subject, is sufBciently familiar with it. It would be different were I to write a popular work on our fishes. In the diagnosis of the genera I have often repeated characters shared by many of them; these repetitions I am convinced are needful to their proper under- standing. It may not appear so to a few ichthyologists; but I write for naturalists, for the reader who seeks &fter general information. Besides, the method I follow is the natural, the true method, that which has superseded the artificial method of the last century. In describing the teeth, I have adopted Heckel's phraseology, since it appears to me to answer to the present wants of Ichthyology. The coloration, as a general rule, is described from specimens preserved in alcohol, in which the brilliancy of the hues is seldom preserved, and occasionally quite altered. In the course of these investigations I have carefully compared the fishes of our hemisphere to those occurring in the waters of the eastern hemisphere ; and when genera and species, either of fishes or reptiles, have, at any time, been described as new, it was the result of such comparative study, shunning display of loose erudition and false criticism, which too often leads into error the true observer. I have thus added many new genera and species to the known lists. This cannot be surprising ; a country so vast as North America, ii-rigated by so many branching streams and large bodies of waters in the shape of lakes and numer- ous ponds, a country comparatively little explored, was to yield many species unknown to our predecessors in the field. A superficial knowledge of the his- tory of ichthyology in North America, would at once explain how it is that a "Synopsis of the Fishes of North America," published in 1846, should not have proved a full and complete record of all existing fishes of the country : a synopsis which, moreover, only professes to give such species as were known at that time. If we are so fortunate as to be able to add to the known catalogue of genera and species, let us not lose sight of both the time and the circumstances under which we have accomplished it. Recriminations, in that respect, are not likely to advance much our knowledge on the subject, and furthermore, it j^laccs a co-temporary exactly in the same situation towards the next coming generations as the former generations hold towards him. Most of the new genera which I propose have been designated by words taken from the North American Indians, as being more euphonic than any one I might have framed from the Greek. The classic literature has already furnished so many names that there are but few instances in which a name might yet be coined and express what it is intended to represent. I offered this remark as a mere statement ; not as an apology. OYPRINI. But two genera of this group or tribe, whichever called, are included in this memoir. And curious to say one is provided with a buccal barbel, and the other not. The presence or absence of barbels, therefore, does not seem of- primary import here. The teeth are of the molar kind (^Dentes molares), of the grinding type (D. masticatorii), without grooves or ridges, and are disposed upon two permanent — and a third, deciduous — rows: 3 — 2 | 5 — 5 | 2 | 3. The ventrals are nserted in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. 1856.] 169 We had a fine opportunity of studying the genus Mylocheilus, Agass. thanks to the numerous specimens collected by Lt. Trowbridge. The characters of this genus are cs follows : Head elongated and sub-conical, rounded upon the snout, which overlaps the lower jaw. The mouth is sub-terminal, horizontal, of medium size and provided upon its angle with a maxillary barbel. • The eye is well developed. The isthmus rather narrow. The body is elongated, lance- olated, compressed, sub-fusiform in profile. Pectoral fins slenderer than the ventrals ; the latter being inserted in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. Caudal fin furcated. Scales of medium size ; lateral line following the middle of the flanks. The pharyngeal bones are stoutish, expanded upon their convexity, with the inferior limbs very short. The teeth are inserted upon a very much incliued plan, raised from the surface of the bone itself, from below upwards. They are disposed upon two permanent rows of five and two, and a third decidu- ous row of three in the thickness of the gum: 3 | 2 ] 5 — 5 | 2 | 3. They are of the molar kind of the grinding type, but without grooves and ridges. 1. Mylocheilus lateralis, Agass. & Pick. Amer. Journ. of Sc. 2d ser. xis. 1855, 231. Our specimens are from Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound, W. T., and were col- lected by Dr. Geo. Suckley, U.^S. A., under Gov. I. I. Stevens. 2. Mylocheilus fratsrculus, — is closely allied to the preceding by the shape of its pharyngeal bones, differing from it by a more slender body, much smaller head and smaller eye. The color is too far gone to have anything said about it. From Monterey, Cal., where specimens were collected by Lt. W. P. Trow- bridge, U. S. A. 3. Mylocheilus cauriicus. — Cyprinus {Leuciscus) caurimis, Rich. Faun. Bor. Amer. iii. 1836, 304. Has much of the general aspect of the two preceding species, more, perhaps, of 31. fraterculus than 31. lateralis. The most prominent difl'erence resides in the pharyngeal bones being less expanded upon the supe- rior limb, which is much more developed also. The inferior limb is also more slender. The head is more elongated, more conical than in 31. lateralis, and larger than in if. fraterculus. The mouth is larger than in either of the two species just referred to. From Astoria, 0. T.; numerous specimens collected by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A. The genus we next introduce, and which has received the appellation of Mylopharodon, Ayres, is most closely related to 3Iylocheilus. The species which it includes are re- markable for their elongated body, their sub-conical and tapering head, their deeply cleft mouth, and, like the species of 3Ljlochcilus, they have the ventrals inserted in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal, the caudal furcated, and a narrow isthmus. But 3Iylopharodon has no barbels upon either maxil- laries or the angle of the mouth. The pharyngeal bones are likewise stoutish, but tlie inferior limb is more elongated than in 3Tylocheilus, though a little smaller than the upper limb. We observe the same system of dentition: an ex- ternal deciduous row of two or three, and two permanent rows of two and four or five : 2 I 2 I 5 — 5 | 2 | 2, or 3 | 2 | 4 — 4 | 2 | 3. But the crown is much more compressed than in 3Iylocheilus. 1. Mylopharodon conocephalus. — Gila co7iocepliala, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, 134. From San Joaquin River, Oal. — Dr. Heermann. 2. Mylopharodon robustus, Ayres, Pi-oc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc. i. 1855, 33. San Francisco, Cah — Dr. Newberry. 170 [September, CATOSTOMI. What distinguishes the Catostomi as a peculiar group, consists, in the first place, in the structure and position of themouth ; it is surrounded with large and fleshy lips, situated under the protruding snout, and has no barbels. The pharyngeal bones are sickle-shaped, varying in the curvature of the dental por- tion and also in the inferior branch. The teeth are numerous, disposed upon one single series ; the inferior ones being longest, the others diminishing in size upwards. To use the expression of Heckel, the teeth are pectiniform {Dentes pectiniformis), that is, arranged like a comb. The anterior margin of the dorsal is situated in advance of the insertion of the ventrals. Modifications of these characters, associated with others, will furnish the means of distinguishing the genera. The want of more materials upon which the genera Carpiodes, Ictiobus, Buba- lichthys and Ci/cleptus are founded, has prevented us entering into the discus- sion of their generic value. The two following species being the only ones at our command, we introduce them without preamble. Carpiodes damalis. — Ihave before me a specimen of this species measuring seven inches and three-quarters in total length. The greatest depth of the body is contain- ed about three times and a half in that length, whilst the head constitutes the fifth part of it. The dorsal is much longer than high anteriorly ; its anterior margin is nearer the end of the snout than the insertion of the caudal fin, which is pos- teriorly concave. The origin of the ventrals is situated opposite the fifth de- velojjed ray of the dorsal, the seventh in the series. The pectorals are small. The branchiostegals are three on either side. D 27 ; A 10 ; C 4, 1, 8, 8, 1, 3 ; V 10 ; P 16. The anterior two rays, in both the dorsal and anal fins, are rudimentary, as also the anterior one in the ventrals. The eye is sub-circular ; its diameter being contained four times aud a half in the length of the side of the head. The snout is sub-conical. A line drawn perpendicularly to the angle of the mouth would pass in advance of the pupil. The sub-opercle is largely developed, and contrasts greatly with its reduced size in C. (/.) tumidus. The scales are very large ; thirteen lateral rows may be counted from the an- terior margin of the dorsal to the insertion of the ventrals. They are a little higher than long. The lateral line undergoes a slight fall upon the thorax, then runs straightway to the base of the caudal along the eighth row of scales under the anterior margin of the dorsal. This species was collected by Dr. Geo. Suckley, U. S. A., in Milk river, an affluent of the Upper Missouri, along the R. R. route explored by Gov. 1. 1. Stevens. We have before us half a dozen small specimens from three to three inches and a half in total length, which are closely allied to the preceding species. They were collected in the Arkansas river, near Fort Smith, by Dr. Geo. G. Shuraard. A further identification could not be attempted. Ictiobus tumidus. — Carpiodes tumidus, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc, Philada., vii. 1854, 28. — Should all the sub-divisions of the genus Carpiodes be admitted, then this species, from the Rio Grande del Norte (Rio Bravo), belongs to that of Ictiobus,'^ The genus MoxosTOMA, Rafin. may be circumscribed by characters more natural than the preceding ones. And the most striking of these, it must be conceded, is the absence of that lateral * There can be no question about the etymology of this name, from 1x,^!j; and /iovc, which would spell ichthyobus, but Rafinesque choosed to write Ictiobus, which is quite as tasteful, if not more so. The " Nomenclator Zoologicus'' must have satisfied every one, that confusion alone would be the result of re-spelling something like thousands of names. 1856.] 171 line possessed by almost all fishes. The body is elongated and compressed ; the head small ; the mouth small also, opening obliquely forwards and down- wards. The lips being small and trausversally ridged ; the inferior one being slightly bilobed. The anterior margin of the dorsal is situated in advance of the insertion of the ventrals. The dorsal fin itself is either higher than long, or else its length is equal to its height, varying somewhat according to the sexes, as well as the anal, which is, however, always deeper than long. The shaft of the pharyngeal bones constitutes a very open curve, the convex margin of which is regular and entire. The teeth themselves are very much com- pressed, strongly curved inwardly, and much larger inferiorly than supe- riorly. To this genus we add four new and very distinct species, inhabiting the South Western waters. 1. MoxosTOMA CLAViFORMis. — This species has been known to us for several years. Its general outline has a club-shaped appearance, a trait though more or lessgenerical, is especially characteristic here. The largest specimens which we have examined are four inches in total length, and in all probability not very young. Thegreatestdepth,ta]ien across the pectoral region, is containedfour times and a half in the total length, in which the head enters five times. The eye is circular and moderate in development, contained a little over four times in the length of the side of the head. The upper margin of the dorsal fin is sub- convex ; its anterior margin is nearer the tip of the snout than the insertion of the caudal fin. The caudal is concave posteriorly ; the anal narrow and deep ; the ventrals are inserted opposite the fifth ray (or third developed one) of the dorsal, and their tips do not extend as far baclc as the tips of the posterior rays of the dorsal fin when bent along the dorsal line. D 13 ; A 10 ; C 4, 1, 8, 8, 1, 3 ; V 9 ; P 15. The scales are sub-elliptical in general shape, presenting no grooves upon their lateral sections, but few upon the anterior section, and numerous posteriorly upon that section of the scale that is exposed. The specimens were collected by H. B. Mollhausen, in Coal creek, a tributary of the South Fork of the Canadian river j along the R. R. route explored by Lt. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 2. MoxosTOMA KENNERLii. — lu its general physiognomy this species resembles 31. ohlongiim more than any other of its genus. The greatest deptli, taken im- mediately in advance of the dorsal fin, does not enter quite four times and a half in the total length. The head forms a little less than the fifth of that same length. The anterior margin of the dorsal is much nearer the tip of the snout than the insertion of the caudal ; the upper margin of that fin is sub-convex and as long as high, whilst in M. daviformis the height is much greater than the length. The caudal is deeply concave posteriorly ; the anal is deep and narrow, its extremity extending, as usual in the genus, to the base of the caudal. The ventrals have pretty much the same position as in the preceding spe- cies. D 14; A 10 ; C 4, 1, 8, 8, 1, 3; V 10; P 13. The anterior two rays, in both the dorsal and anal fins, ai'e mei'e rudiments; also the anterior one in the ventral fins. The scales are not quite so long as in the preceding species. The lower lip is rather broad and very little emarginated, whilst in M. daviformis it is very thin and quite sub-divided. This species was caught in Dry creek, near Victoria, Texas, by Dr. 0. B. Kennerly, under Major W. H. Emory, U. S. Commissioner of the U. S. and Mexi- can Boundary line. 3. MoxosTOMA VICTORIA. — Form elongated, fusiform, reminding us, by its general appearance, of certain species of Mullet (Mi/ffil). The greatest depth is nearly equal to the length of the head, which constitutes the fifth of the entire length, the lobes of the caudal fin excepted. The dorsal fin is higher than long, 172 [September, and its anterior margin is situated nearer the tip of the snout than the insertion of the caudal fin. The latter is forked. D 14 ; A 10 ; C 6, 1, 8, 8, 1, 5 ; V 9 ; P 17. The sub-opercle is ■well developed ; the eye is sub-circular, its diameter being contained four times and a half in the length of the side of the head. The snout is rather pointed, sub-conical, and the mouth, which is small, placed entirely in advance of the orbit. Twelve longitudinal rows of scales may be counted upon the greatest depth. The scales upon the dorsal and lateral regions are provided with a black dot or spot upon the anterior part of the exposed portion of the scale. Greatest length of specimens observed, six inches and a half. This species was collected with the preceding, under the same circumstances and in the same locality. 4. MoxosTOMA CAMPBELLi. — Sub-fusiform and clougatcd like the preceding spe- cies, which it resembles in its general outline, and in the proportions of the head and depth of the body towards the total length. The snout is likewise pointed and sub-conical, but the eye is much larger and the sub-opercle very exiguously de- veloped. The position and shape of the fins do not differ materially from the preceding species, with the exception of the caudal, which is concave posteriorly instead of being forked. D 15 ; A 10 ; C 5, 1, 8, 8, 1, r> ; V 9 ; P 15. The scales are smaller than in M. kennerlii ; thirteen rows instead of twelve are to be observed upon the region of greatest depth. Specimens were collected in Live Oak creek, Texas, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Major Emory, and in Devil's river, by John H. Clark, under Col. Graham. The species, therefore, belongs to the basin of the Rio Grande del Norte (Rio Bravo). As regards the generic features of U f¥l TT- r^ T-T ^-^ ri m Ptychostomus, Agass. it fell within our observation that the height of the dorsal may be either equal to its length or a little higher than long, and that the wing-like expansions of the pharyngeals is anything but characteristic of this genus. The transverse folds or ridges upon the lips are shared by Moxostoma, though in a lesser degree. The inferior lip is but slightly lobed. The mouth, however, is much more protrac- tile and directed more downwards. The head is short and stout ; the scales large and of the same size anteriorly and posteriorly. Finally, the conspicuous lateral line will at once .distinguish it from Moxostoma. 1. Ptychostomus congestus. — Catostomus congesins, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, 27. This species comes under this head and not of Moxostoma. From the Rio Salado, Texas. — John H. Clark. 2. Ptychostomus albidus. — The general physiognomy of this species reminds of us P. congestus, although the body is more slender and the head more elongated. The mouth is a great deal larger, as are also the scales. Greyish white above ; greyish silver beneath. Collected by Lt. D. N. Couch, U. S. A., in the Rio San Juan, near Monterey, New Leon. 3. Ptychostomus haydeni. — The head is contained five times and a half in the total length. The body is sub-fusiform, very regular in its outline. The eye is sub-circular and moderate in its development ; its diameter being con- tained five times in the length of the side of the head. The opercle is largely developed, whilst the sub-opercle is small, a character Avhich is more or less generical. The anterior margin of the dorsal fin is much nearer the tip of the snout than the base of the caudal. The height of that fin is a little more than itslength; its upper margin is sub-concave. The caudal is forked. The origin of the 1856.] 173 ventrals is situated in advance of the middle of the dorsal. The tips of the pectorals reach a vertical line drawn from the origin of the dorsal. D 15; A 10; C 4, 1, 8, 8, 1, 3 ; V 10 ; P ] 7. Thirteen rows of scales may be counted between the origin of the ventrals and the anterior margin of the dorsal ; the lateral line running through the median row. There are two rudimentary rays at the anterior margin of both the dorsal and the anal, and one at the exterior margin of the ventrals ; these are all sum- med up in the formula. Specimens of this species were collected in the Yellow Stone river, by Dr. F. V. Hayden, and in the Missouri river at Fort Pierre, by Dr. John Evans. Now then, if the principles upon which the above generic divisions are based, be sound, the species which still remain in the genus Catosiomus must be further revised and arranged in smaller and more restricted groups. We propose to arrange under the head of MINOMUS, such species as are characterised by an elongated and fusiform body ; a head longer than deep ; a dorsal fin either higher than long, or with both dimensions equal. The lips laeing tuberculated, moderately bilobed. The pharyngeals not expanded laterally, but considerably bent inwardly. The teeth compressed, decidedly bicuspid, but the inner projection more developed than the outer. The scales being nearly of the same size, but slightly smaller anteriorly than pos- teriorly. 1. MiNOMUs iNSiGNis. — Caiostomus insignis, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, 28. Inhabits the Rio San Pedro, tributary of the Rio Gila. 2. MiNOMUs PLEBEics. — Catostoiims plclcius, B. & G.Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, 28. From the Rio Mimbres, Lake Guzman, Mexico. 3. MiNOMus CLARKii. — Catostomus darJcii, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, 27. From the Rio Santa Crux. And then giving the name of ACOMUS to those species in which the head is very elongated, the dorsal fin higher than long, and the scales much smaller upon the anterior region of the body than upon the posterior. The lips being papillated and very deeply cleft. The pharyngeals are gently arched and not expanded ; the teeth compressed and bi- tuberculated, the inner projection conspicuous ; the outer one, obsolete, though existing. 1. AcoMus FORSTERiANus. — Catostomusforsterianus, Rich. Faun. Bor. Amer. iii. 1836, 116. Inhabits British North America. 2. AcoMUS AURORA. — Catostoiuus aurora., Agass. Lake Sup. 1850, 360. PI. ii. figs. 3 and 4. May not differ from the preceding. Lake Superior. 3. AcoMus LATiPiNNis. — Catostomus latipinnisj B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1853, 388. Rio San Pedro, tributary of Rio Gila. 4. Catostomus (Acomus) guzmaniektsis, — has the general physiognomy of A. latipinnis, owing to the great development of its fins. Is, however, very readily dis- 174 [September, tinguished from the latter by the presence of much larger scales, and especially upon the dorsal region, where they are very small in A. latijnnnis. D 13 ; A t ; C 4, 1, 8, 8, 1, 4 ; V 9 ; P 17. The anterior two rays, in both the dorsal and anal, are rudimentary ; so also the exterior one in the ventrals. The head forms the fifth of its total length ; the shape is subquadrangnlar, subpyramidal. The eyes are small and circular. The lips are well developed and covered with large papillae, but the posterior one is less indented than in A. latipinnis. The upper regions are purplish black, with an orange lateral band from head to tail. The inferior regions are yellowish white. Si^ecimens of this species were collected by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Major Emory, in Janos River, which empties its water in Guzman Lake, State of Chi- huahua. 5. Catostomus ( Acomus) generosus. — It is a rather short and contracted species, particularly when compared to A. griseus. The head constitutes about the fifth of the total length. The eye is moderate in size and circular. The anterior margin of the dorsal fin is equi-distant between the tip of the snout and the in- sertion of the caudal fin. The scales are larger than in A. griseus. The dorsal region, as well as the flanks, are olivaceous brown, spotted with black. Inferiorly unicolor. Specimens were collected in Cottonwood Creek, an affluent of the great Salt Lake of Utah, and brought home by Lieut. E. G. Beckwith, U. S. A. 6. Catostomus (Acomus) griseus. — The body is slender, gracefully fusiform iu its outline, the head forming the fifth of the entire length. The anterior margin of the dorsal is equidistant between the tip of the snout and the inser- tion of the caudal fin. Tlae ventrals are inserted opposite the posterior third of the dorsal. The anal is slender. D 13 ; A 10 ; C 6, 1, 8, 8, 1, 5 ; V 10 ; P 16. Collected in the Sweet Water fork of Platte River, by J. S. Bowman, Esq. Scales exhibiting radiating furrows all around. Upper regions greyish ; infe- rior regions whitish or yellowish. 7. Catostomus (Acomus) lactarius — is closely allied to the preceding species, from which it differs by a stouter head and larger eyes, and larger scales on the body. The structure of the scales themselves is very different, since the radi- ating furrows exist upon the anterior and posterior sections only, instead of being distributed all over the scale. The upper margin of the dorsal is concave, whilst it is nearly straight in A. griseus. D 13; A 10; C 4, 1, 8, 8, 1, 5 ; V 11 ; P 17. Greyish brown above, greyish white beneath. Specimens of this species were collected in Milk River, affluent of the upper Missouri, by Dr. George Suckley, under Gov. L L Stevens. The genus Catostomus, Lesu. =■> would then be restricted to such species in which the head is moderately elon- gated, the dorsal fin generally longer than high, and the size of the scales less disproportionate anteriorly and posteriorly than in Acomus. The lips are papil- lated and deeply cleft. The pharyngeals provided with a little expansion infe- riorly. The teeth are compressed, with the inner projection of the crown alone developed. The type of this group is Catostomus hudsonius. C. communis would be a second species. And the following: 3. Catostomus occidentalis, Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc. i. 1854, 18. — Aqass. Amer. Journ. of Sc. 2d Ser. xix. 1854, 94. 1856.] 175 By a singular coincidence, this species received the same specific name from two authors at a few weeks interval. San Francisco, Cal. — Dr. Newberry. 4. Catostomus labiatcs, Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc. i. 1855, 32. Klamath Lake, 0. T. — Dr. Newberry. 5. Catostomus macrocheilus. — This species is very different from both of the preceding ones by a larger and more elongated head, a larger mouth, and hence much larger lips, covered with large papillse. The scales which cover the body are larger than in C. occidentalism and smaller than in C. labiatus. The head con- stitutes the fifth of the total length ; the horizontal diameter of the eye is con- tained nearly six times in the length of the side of the head. The head itself is subquadrangularly pyramidal, truncated anteriorly with the upper edge of the snout projecting. The anterior margin of the dorsal is a little nearer the end of the snout than the insertion of the caudal fin. Its upper margin is concave. The anal is well developed, for its tip extends beyond the base of the caudal. The ventrals are inserted opposite the middle of the dorsal. The pectorals are large and long. D 17 ; A 9 ; C 5, 1, 8, 8, 1, 6 ; V 10 ; P 18. Bluish black above ; yellowish golden on the sides and whitish beneath. Collected at Astoria, 0. T., by Lieut. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A. 6. Catostomus sucklii. — The head, as usual, forms the fifth of the entire length. It is subquadrangular, the upper surface rather sloping towards the blunt snout. The eye is small and subelliptical ; its horizontal diameter being contained somewhat over five times in the length of the side of the head. The anterior margin of the dorsal fin is equidistant between the tip of the snout and the insertion of the caudal. Its height is equal to its length, and its upper margin is slightly concave. The posterior margin of the caudal is deeply emar- ginated, crescentic. The insertion of the ventrals is a little in advance of the middle of the dorsal fin. D 14 : A 10 ; C 5, 1, 8, 8, 1, 4 ; V 10 ; P 18. The scales are large and but a little smaller anteriorly than posteriorly; they are subelliptical in shape, longer than deep, with their anterior and posterior margins irregiilar. Specimens of this species were collected by Dr. Geo. Suckley, under Governor I. I. Stevens, in Milk River, an affluent of the upper Missouri. 1. Catostomus bernardini. — A specimen of seven inches and a half, slender and graceful. The head forms a little less than the fifth of the total length. The eye is large and subcircular ; its horizontal diameter entering a little over four times in the length of the side of the head. The upper margin of the dorsal is subconvex, the tips of the posterior rays reaching a vertical line which would intersect the anus. The caudal is subcrescentic posteriorly. The ventrals and pectorals are well developed. D 15 ; A 10 ; C 5, 1, 8, 8, 1, 5 ; V 10 ; P 16. Uniform purplish black above, yellowish white beneath. Specimens of this species were collected by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Major W. H. Emory, at San Bernardino, in the upper waters of the Rio Huagui, west of the Sierra Madre, Mexico. CHONDROSTOMI. This group must include a much greater number of genera and species than was formerly anticipated. But, as a group, it must be based upon characters very different from those derived from the structure of the mouth. Indeed, those cartilaginous maxillary sheathes so prominent in Chondrostoma, Chondrochylus, Chondrorhynchus and Lavinia, gradually become less and less conspicuous, until we find but a thin pellicle, such as occurs in other groups of the same family. The characters of Chondrostomi, as derived chiefly from the American representa- tives, consist in the absence of barbels ; in the position of the mouth, which is 176 [September, generally overhung by the upper jaw, and sometimes both jaws are equal. The pharyngeal teeth are of the grinding type and cultriform kind {Denies cullri/urjnes), disposed upon a single series, with one exception only, and that occurs occa- sionally in Campostoma. I say occasionallij , because in the majority of cases there is also but one single row in the latter. Exoglossum is removed from this group, of which it has none of the characters, except the absence of barbels. We introduce the tribe by the genus Campostoma, Agass., which may be characterised as follows : Head subconical ; body subfusiform ; both compressed. Snout obtuse and protractile ; mouth inferior, though its cleft is horizontal; lips very conspicuously developed; no barbels or cirrhi. Eyes of moderate development. Isthmus very wide. Origin of ventrals situated in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. Caudal furcated. Scales longer than high. Pharyngeal bones strongly curved, with a small dilatation upon their convexity. Teeth of the cultriform kind, of the grinding type, occasion- ally slightly hooked. They are disposed upon a double row of four and one, in the following manner: 4—4, or 1 | 4 — 4 | 1. 1. Campostoma anomalum, Agass. Amer. Journ. of Sc. 2d ser. xix. 1855, 219. — Rutilus anomalus, Rafin. Ichth, Ohiens. 1820, 52. 2. Campostoma ornatum — is larger, more elongated and more fusiform than C. anomalum. The^ead enters four times and a half in the total length. The diameter of the eye enters nearly six times in the length of the side of the head. The scales are much smaller than in C. anomalum. D 8-1-2 ; A 8 + 2 ; C 7, 1, 9, 8, 1, 6 ; V 8 ; P IG. The upper regions are purplish black ; the inferior regions golden brown and yellow, with black spots distributed over the flanks. A black patch at the base of all the fins, otherwise the latter are orange or yellowish brown. From Chihuahua River and a tributary only a few miles long. Collected by John Potts, Esq. 3. Campostoma FORMosnLUM. — This species resembles more C. anomalum than C. ornatum ; the most conspicuous difference between it and the former consist in the presence of larger scales. The ground color is alike, but in C.formosulum black irregular spots are distributed all over the upper region of the body. Numerous specimens collected in the Rio Sabinal, a tributary of the Rio San Antonio, Texas, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under "W. 11. Emory, Commissioner U. S. and Mexican Boundary. 4. Campostoma nasutum. — It is a shorter and more compact species, with the peduncle of the tail rather tapering. Its most prominent character consists in its thick and protruding snout, which overlaps the lower jaw more than in the species already referred to. The ground color is greyish above, and whitish or yellowish beneath ; upper region of body and flanks occasionally marmorated. A black patch at the base of the caudal and dorsal fins. Specimens were collected by Lieut. D. N. Couch, U. S. A., at Cadereita, and near Monterey, New Leon, in April, 1853. From the foregoing species of moderate size, we pass to a genus composed of quite small fishes, differing from the former by the position of the ventral fins, which are inserted either immediately under the anterior margin of the dorsal fin or posteriorly to it, never in advance, as in Camjiostoma. To designate these we have selected the name of DIONDA. They are very intimately related to the Hyborhynchi, and differing from them by a smaller and more pointed head, a smaller mouth, though constructed upon the same plan as in Hyborynchus, that is, the lower jaw being thin, flat and rounded upon its periphery. The body is more slender and elongated, the snout 1856.] 177 more protruding. The scales ai-e either large, or else of moderate size, and the lateral line follows more or less the middle of the flanks. The dorsal fin is higher than long, and shorter than in Iliihorynchus, and the anterior ray is more closely united to the next. The insertion of the ventrals is always situated posteriorly to the anterior margin of the dorsal, or under it, never in advance of it. The caudal is treated. The pharyngeal bones are stouter than in Hyboryn- chus, the lower branch or limb has the same length as tlie upper ; both are more curved, thus rendering the convexity of that bone more conspicuous ; it is expanded as usual. The teeth are similar to those of Hyborynchus^ being, how- ever, not quite so compressed and not hooked. Four are observed upon one single row : 4 — 4. This genus is closely allied to Campostoma, and since our DiondfB are, gene- rally speaking, small fishes, we should not be surprised at hearing that some of the species of Campostoma, while yet immature could not always be easily dis- tinguished from them, for the mouth is, properly speaking, not smaller than in Cainpostoma. The following species have fallen under our observations. ] . DioNDA EPiscopA. — Slcudcr and graceful, fusiform in profile and compressed, with the back slightly arched. The head is large, forming about the fifth of the length. The eye is large and subcircular, its diameter being contained three times and a half in the length of the side of the head. The fins are of but mode- rate development ; the insertion of the ventrals is situated a little posterior to the anterior margin of the dorsal. The rays read as follows : D 8+2 ; A 8+2 ; C 8, 1, 9, 8, 1, 7 ; V 8 ; P 14. The scales are large, the lateral line following the middle of the flanks. The dorsal region is blackish brown ; a black vitta is observed along the flanks, just above the lateral line, extending from a black spot, upon the base of the caudal, to the extremity of the snout. The inferior region is yellowish white spread over with minute black dots. Collected in the head waters of the Rio Pecos, and brought home by Capt. John Pope, U. S. A. Specimens of the same species were caught by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A., in Camanche Spring, a presumed tributary of the Rio Grande del Norte (Rio Bravo), or more probably without outlet. 2. DiONDA SERENA. — Could easily be mistaken for D. episcopa. Its form is slender and elongated, the dorsal outline being nearly straight 5 the head enters five times and a half in the total length. The eye is large and circular, its di- ameter entering only three times in the length of the side of the head. The in- sertion of the ventrals takes place immediately opposite the anterior margin of the dorsal fin. The pectorals are long and slender, more so even than in D. episcopa. The dorsal region is light brown, the flanks and abdomen being silvery, with the scales of the lateral line dotted with black, imitating spots. A black spot upon the base of the caudal fin. From the Rio Sabinal, Texas ; collected by Dr. 0. B. Kennerly, under W. H. Emory, Commissioner U. S. and Mex. Boundary. 3. DioNDA TEXENSis, — is a vcry characteristic species. The body is rather deep upon its middle, and the lateral line somewhat depressed. The head is quite small and subconical, entering five times and a half in the total length. The eye is large and circular. The insertion of the ventral fin is placed a little posteriorly to the anterior margin of the dorsal. The dorsal region is gre3'ish brown ; the abominal region greyish white ; a diffused greyish black band may be observed along the middle of the flanks, embracing the lateral line beneath, and a black spot upon the base of the caudal. The ventrals and pectorals are yellow. Numerous specimens were collected in the Rio Nueces, Texas, by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A. 14 ^ 178 [September, 4. DioNDA PAPALis. — The head in this species is rather small, but rounded off upon the snout ; it forms a little less than the fifth of the entire length. The body is thlckish anteriorly, subcylindrical, tapering posteriorly. The dorsal and anal are proportionally well developed. The caudal is forked ; the ventrals are inserted under the anterior margin of the dorsal. The scales are large. The coloration has been altered to a uniform black subsequently upon its immersion in alcohol with sundry other specimens. Collected in Delaware Creek, a tributary of the Rio Pecos, and brought home by Capt. John Pope, U. S. A. 5. DioNDA ARGENTOSA, — has a small head and obtuse snout, a rather slender and compressed body. The head constitutes 2-llths of the total length. The insertion of the ventrals is situated opposite the anterior margin of the dorsal. The scales being quite large, the lateral line is slightly deflected upon the thorax. Color of the dorsal region reddish brown ; sides and abdomen as if painted over with silver or quicksilver. Fins olivaceous. Collected in San Felipe Creek and Devil's River, two tributaries of the Rio Grande del Norte (Rio Bravo), by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A. 6. DiONDA CHRYSiTis. — Very slender and compressed ; head very small and obtuse, contained six times in the total length. Eyes large and circular. Origin of ventrals opposite the anterior margin of dorsal. Upper surface of head tuber- culous. Scales large. Dorsal region reddish brown ; sides and abdomen as if painted with gold. A black spot upon the base of the caudal fin. Fins them- selves yellowish or olivaceous. Specimens were collected by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A., in Live Oak Creek, presumed tributary of Rio Pecos, or else losing itself into the ground. T. DiONDA MELANOPS. — A rather short and deep body characterizes this species. The head is proportionally well developed, forming a little less than the fifth of the total length. The snout is conical and not abruptly truncated. The insertion of the ventrals is situated a little posteriorly to the anterior margin of the dorsal. Scales large. The dorsal region is blackish ; the sides and abdo- men are dotted with black upon a bluish lead ground, giving the whole fish a dark appearance. A black spot upon the base of the caudal fin. From Buena Vista, Coahuila ; — collected by Lieut. D. N. Couch, U. S. A. 8. DiONDA concHi. — Though closely allied to the preceding, it may readily be distinguished from it by a more elongated body and more elongated head. The snout is rounded. The eye is circular and of medium size. The ventrals are inserted posterior to the anterior margin of the dorsal. The scales are quite large. Upper regions greyish black; sides and abdomen yellowish or whitish, either unicolor or maculated. A black spot upon the base of the caudal. Specimens collected by Lieut. D. N. Couch, U. S. A., at Guajuco, Monterey and Cadereita, New Leon, in the waters of the Rio San Juan. 9. DiONDA PLUMBEA.— Bcsidcs scvcral other peculiarities of structure, this species may be distinguished from all its congeners by the size of its scales, which are the smallest in the genus. Greyish above, whitish or yellowish white beneath. Black spot at base of caudal. Collected in the head waters of the Canadian River (Llano Estacado), by H. B. MoUhausen, under Lieut. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 10. DiONDA SPADiCEA. — This has the general aspect of D. plumhca, in being slender and elongated in body and head. The latter, however, is more conical and the eye smaller, the scales being but a very little larger. Colors brownish red above, whitish beneath. No spot at the base of the caudal. From Fort Smith, Ark. ; — collected by H. B. MoUhausen, under Lieut. A. "W. Whipple, U. S. A. \^ 1856.] 179 The ten species that precede as well as the four following ones, are amongst those whose history has most perplexed us. At last we were glad to recognize the genus Hybortnch03, Agasa. established upon a species of the Ohio and its tributaries, and believed to be Minnilus notattis of Rafinesquc. We have examined carefully the latter species, and after a series of comparative studies we were enabled to add the following few species to the genus which we thus characterize : Head rather short, upper surface depressed ; snout abruptly truncated and rounded. The mouth is of medium size, subterminal, its cleft being horizontal, the lower jaw flattened and thin, rounded upon its periphery and slightly overlapped by the snout. There are no barbels at the angles of the mouth, which do not reach a vertical line drawn in advance of the orbit. The eyes are large ; the isthmus is of moderate width. Anterior ray of dorsal fin shorter than the second. The insertion of the ventrals is situated opposite the anterior margin of the dorsal or in advance of it. The caudal is furcated. The scales are large, higher than long ; the lateral line follows the middle of the flanks. The pharyngeal bones are slender, and more so upon the inferior limb, which is longer than the upper and curved backwards and sideways, whilst the upper limb is gently curved inwards. The convexity of the same bone is expanded. The teeth are of the cultriform kind of the grinding type, very much compressed, slightly hooked, and consequently provided with quite a narrow grinding surface. Their disposition is upon a single row of four : 4 — 4. 1. Hyborhynohus perspicuus. — The head is contained five times and a quarter in the total length, instead of constituting the sixth part of it, as in II. nolatus. The mouth and eye, both, are a good deal larger than in the latter. The inser- tion of the ventrals is situated immediately under the anterior margin of the dorsal. The caudal fin is more deeply furcated than in H. notatus. D 9+2; A 7-1-2 ; C 10, 1, 9, 8, 1, 8 ; V 9 ; P 14. There is a very minute rudimentary ray at the anterior margin of both the dorsal and anal, followed by a second, alaout half the height of the fin. Upper region and flanks reddish ; abdomen sulphur yellow ; lateral line dotted with greyish purple, more distinct towards the base of the caudal upon which a dark spot exists. Fins yellowish, also with a black spot upon the anterior margin of the dorsal below the middle height. Superior portion of the dorsal, greyish, as also the external margin of the caudal. From Arkansas River, near Fort Smith ; — collected by Dr. Geo. G. Shumardu 2. Hybokhynchus tenellus. — It is more slender and more compressed tha even II. j^erspiams. The head is very much depressed, subpyramidal were the snout not rounded, hence appearing quite small ; it is contained five times and a half in the total length. The insertion of the ventrals is a little in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal fin. The eye and mouth are proportionally large, and especially the scales, which are the largest among the hitherto known species of the genus. Color uniform reddish above and on the sides ; yellow- ish beneath. A black spot upon the base of caudal fin. Otherwise the fins are unicolor. Collected twenty miles west of Choctaw Agency, by H. B. Mollhausen, under Lt. A. W. Whipple. 3 Hyborhynohus punicecs. — As regards the general aspect, this species is intermediate between //. perspicuus and H. tenellus. It is distinguished from both of these by more developed opercular apparatus and much smaller scales. The color is uniform pale red ; the fins are unicolor, yellowish. Specimens were collected in Antelope Creek, a tributary of the Canadian River, by Dr. C. B. Ivennerly, and from Llano estacado, by H. B. Mollhausen, both under Lt. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 4. Hyborhynohus confertus. — This species has a short and contracted appear 180 [September, ance, covered with scales a little larger than ia //. puniceus but smaller than in the other species of the same genus. The opercular apparatus is likewise well developed. Color light red above, yellowish beneath ; a black spot upon the anterior margin of the dorsal. From Hurrah creek, a tributary of the Rio Pecos ; — collected by H. B. M611- hausen, under Lt. Whipple. A very remarkable genus, inhabiting our western waters, is that of PiMEPHALES, Rafin. Its body is subfusiform when seen in profile, compressed, however, as usually. The head is large, short, and very blunt upon the snout. The mouth being small, slightly arched, and terminal ; both jaws even. The eye is of moderate development. The isthmus is proportionalh^ wide. The dorsal fin is a little higher than long, provided anteriorly with a rather thick and undivided, short and hard ray. The origin of the ventrals takes place either immediately opposite the anterior margin of the dorsal, or else a little posterior to it. The scales are rather large and the lateral line, after a slight deflection along the thorax, fol- lows the middle of the flanks to the base of the caudal fin. The pharyngeal bones are of moderate stoutness, gently arched, the upper and lower limb nearly equal though the upper is more curved ; the convex portion is regularly dilated or expanded. The teeth are of the cultriform kind of the grinding type, very slightly hooked, compressed, with a narrow grinding surface, disposed upon one single row of four : 4 — 4. 1. PiMEPHALES MACULOSUS. — It Is a stouter fish than P. promelas, both in body and head. The latter is almost round. The anterior margin of the dorsal is equidistant between the extremity of the snout and the last scales upon the caudal fin. The origin of the ventrals is situated a little posterior to the anterior margin of the dorsal. The scales are larger also than in P. prornelas. Upon a yellowish brown ground there are large and iri-egular black blotches covering more than half the entire surface of the body. The fins are yellow upon their bases and tips, and black upon their middle. The external margin of the ventrals and pectorals is pure white. Caught in the sluice of the Ai'kausas near Fort ilakee, and brought home by Lt. E. G. Beckwith, U. S. A. 2. PiMEPHALES FASCIATUS. — This spccics has the general aspect of /*. manilosus, differing, however, from it by the position of the ventrals, which are inserted under the anterior margin of the dorsal fin. The scales are smaller also. The color is alternately brown and black in transverse fasciae. Dorsal fin provided with two black spots, one anteriorly, the other posteriorly. The other fins being unicolor, with the exception of the pectorals, which are greyish upon their ex- ternal margin. From the Yellowstone river ; — collected by Dr. F. V. Hayden. Two immature specimens of this, or a similar species, were collected in Milk river. Upper Missouri, by Dr. Geo. Suckley. "We separate from both Pimephales and Hyhorhynckus^ under the name of ALGOMA, some small fishes, partaking in a measure of the characters of the genera just mentioned. The teeth are of the cultriform kind, of the grinding type, disposed upon a single row of four : 4 — 4. The grinding surface is nearly linear, in which respect the teeth resemble more those of Pimephales than of Hyborhynchus. The pharyngeal bones do not differ materially in all these genera. The head is small and subtruncated, mouth small, with the lower jaw the shortest, and overlapped by the upper, a feature also noticed in Hyborhynchus. The isthmus of a moder- ate size ; the eye well developed. The insertion of the ventrals takes places posterior to the anterior margin of the dorsal. The latter is higher than long. 1856.] ' * 181 •without a short and thick ray anteriorly. The anal is shaped like the dorsal. The caudal is furcated. The scales are very large; the lateral line, submedian is slightly deflexed upon the abdomen. The large scales will serve to distinguish, upon a first glimpse, this genus from both Hyborhynchus and PimepJiales. 1. Algoma amara. — Ten rows of scales upon the line of greatest depth, five above the lateral line and four beneath it. The upper surface of the head and nape is flattened as in Hydrargyra and Fundulus. Dorsal region pale red ; sides silvery; abdomen whitish. Caught in a Laguna near Fort Brown, on the Rio Grand del Norte (Rio Bravo), by John H. Clark, under W. H. Emory. 2. Algoma pluviatilis. — This species has the general aspect of a young Cam- postoma and might easily be taken as such. Its mouth and eye are smaller than in the preceding species. The upper lobe of the caudal is longer than the lower lobe. There are also ten longitudinal rows of scales upon the line of greatest depth. The upper surface of the head exhibits numerous small spines as fishes sometimes have during the breeding season. Color reddish brown above ; yellowish brown beneath. Collected near Monterey, New Leon, by Lt. D. N. Couch, U. S. A. And sill more curious and remarkable, is the genus COCHLOGNATHCS, B. & G. ^I which, under the external aspect of Pimephales presents that unique peculiarity in the cyprinoid family, of having spoon-shaped bony expansions of the jaws. There is one on each side on the upper as well as on the lower jaw exactly as in the genus Tetraodon ; their edge being sharp and cutting. The dorsal fin has the structure of that of Pimephales ; the insertion of the ventrals is situated under the anterior margin of the dorsal, the caudal being furcated. The scales are large, and the lateral line follows the middle of the flanks. The isthmus is rather Avide. The pharyngeals have the same shape and form as in Pimephales ; the teeth, however, are more slender and concave upon the grinding surface, giving them the appearance of being bent backwards. They are of the same type, a little more conspicuously hooked, and disposed upon a single row of four : 4 — 4. CocHLOGNATHUS OKNATUS, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philada. vii. 1854, 150. From Brownsville Texas ; — collected by Capt. Van Vliet, U. S. A. Now, then, the genus Hybognathus, Agass. General form elongated, rather slender and compressed. The head is sub- conical, the snout overlapj^ing the lower jaw, which is thin and flat, provided upon its symphysis with a small tubercle. The mouth being small, subterminal, and directed horizontally forwards ; there are no barbels upon its angles, which do not reach the anterior rim of the orbit. The eyes are well developed. There is a narrow isthmus. Anterior ray of dorsal longest. Insertion of ventrals situated posterior to the anterior margin of the dorsal. Caudal furcated. The scales are large, higher than long, and the lateral line following the middle of the flanks. Pharyngeal bones very much bent, with a dilatation upon the con- vexity, whilst the upper branch is bent inwards, so as to simulate a curve con- cave from above. The teeth are of the cultriform kind, of the grinding type, very compressed and slightly hooked, and provided with a very narrow grinding surface ; they are disjjosed upon a single row of four : 4 — 4. Amongst the species of this genus which we have before us, none answers spe- cifically to the description of JLnuchalis. We find every where the symphysis of 182 -[Septfmber, the lower jaw rounded instead of angular, and, generally speaking, the eye rather large. 1. Hybognathus argyritis. — This species seems to come nearest to H. nuchalis, Agass., than any of the following ones. The eye, however, is quite large, sub- circular in shape, its diameter entering a little short of four times in the length of the side of the head. The snout is rather pointed, and the mouth larger than in the species enumerated further below. The largest specimens observed are four inches and a half in total length. The dark stripe along the dorsal line does not appear conspicuously here, but may be observed, as on all the others, more or less distinctly. We have examined specimens collected in Milk River by Dr. Geo. Suckley, under Gov. I. I. Stevens, and in the Arkansas River near Fort Smith, by Dr. Geo. G. Shumard. 2. Hybognathus evansi. — May easily be distinguished from the preceding by a much stouter head, more protruding snout, small mouth, smaller eye. The opercle is as long as deep, subquadrangular, slightly emarginated behind, as in the rest of the species. Collected at Fort Pierre, Nebraska, by Dr. John Evans. 3. Hybognathus placitus. — The general aspect is shorter than in any of the preceding species. The snout is thickish, but less so than in//, evansi; the mouth smaller also. The eye is circular, its diameter being contained over four times in the length of the side of the head. The scales are also larger than in IT. evansi. Greyish brown above, greyish silver along the middle of the flanks, and metallic white or yellow beneath. Collected in the sluices of the Arkansas near Fort Makee ; brought home by Lieut. E. G. Beckwith^ U. S. A. The fish described by Dr. Ayres, under the name of Gila microlcpidota, presents such peculiarly shaped pharyngeal bones, that wedid not hesitate erecting it into a distinct genus under the name of ORTHODON, in allusion to the erect form of its teeth. But to proceed more systematically: the head is subconical, attenuated towards the snout. The mouth is below the medium size, terminal, oblique, both jaws even ; no barbels of any sort. A knob or tubercle upon the symphysis of the lower jaw, as in Hybognathus. Eye of medium size. Isthmus small. Body subfusiform, having the aspect of the Gilse, but the ventrals are inserted under the anterior margin of the dorsal fin. The caudal is furcated. The scales are small ; the lateral line submedial, being somewhat depressed along the middle of the abdomen. The pharyngeal bones are thin, vertically elevated, or rather broad in the vertical direction, bent as usual and widening towards the upper and inner limb, so as to be broadest there. The lower branch is much narrower. The teeth are of the cultriform kind of the grinding type, compressed, lanceolated, erect, very slightly bent inwards. They are disposed upon a single row of five, thus : 5 — 5, the upper ones being quite raised above the edge of the bone. Orthodon microlepidotus. — Gila microUpidota, Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc. i. 1855, 21. San Francisco, Cal. — Dr. Newberry. The genus we next come to, and for which we have chosen the name of ALGANSEA, has features and characters altogether different from any known genus. The head is subconical, more or less pointed, though rounded upon its peri- phery. The mouth being of medium size, slightly oblique upwards, its angles never extending beyond the anterior rim of the orbit, and destitute of barbels ; the j-aws themselves terminate evenly. The eye is of moderate development. 1856.] 183 There is a narrow isthmus between the gill openings. The body short and stoiitish, quite compressed, covered with scales of medium or of large size, the lateral line being submedial, slightly deflexed upon the middle of the abdomen. The fins are rather moderate in development ; the origin of the ventrals is situ- ated opposite to the anterior margin of the dorsal, the posterior margin of the latter never reaching the anterior margin of the anal. The caudal fin is emar- ginated posteriorly. The pharyngeal bones are moderately strong ; the upper and lower branches of nearly equal strength, though the lower is a little longer than the upper. The convexity is strongly marked and dilated. The teeth are of the cultriform kind of the grinding type, disposed upon a single row of four or five, as follows : 4 — 4 or 5 — 5. The uppermost stand boldly out above the surface of the bone. 1. Algansea tincella. — Leuciscus tincella, Y at., in Cuv. & FaL Hist. Nat. des Poiss. xvii. 1854, 323. — The scales in this species are next in size to those of ^. obesa. There are about twelve rows beneath and fourteen above the late- ral line. I say about, because the specimens are somewhat mutilated, as most marlvet specimens are. The insertion of the ventrals are situated a little poste- riorly to the anterior margin of the dorsal. The eye is smaller than in any of the preceding species of this genus. Reddish brown above, silvery on the sides, and white beneath. Purchased in the city of Mexico by Major Wm. Pdch. 2. Algansea bicolor. — Of all the species hitherto known of this genus, the one here referred to has the largest scales, five rows of which may be counted from the origin of the ventrals to the lateral line, and nine from the lateral line to the anterior margin of the dorsal, in all fifteen rows. The ventrals are in- serted a little in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. The body is thick- est auteriorl)-, and tapers backwards ; the nape is slightly swollen. The head enters about four times and a half in the total length. The back and sides are of a metallic bluish black, intermingled on the lower half of the flank with a golden hue. The inferior surface is white, contrasting with the color of the back. Caught in Klamath Lake, 0. T., by Dr. John S. Newberry, under Lieut. R. S. Williamson. 3. Algansea obesa. — A very corpulent species covered with scales of mode- rate development, and so far, the smallest in the genus. The depth is contained about three times in the length, caudal fin excluded. There are eight longitu- dinal rows of scales between the origin of the ventrals and the lateral line, and fourteen rows above it to the anterior margin of the dorsal, in all twenty-three rows. Dorsal region bluish grey ; sides greyish ; belly yellowish. Specimens of this species were collected in the waters of Humboldt River by the late J. Soule Bowman and Lieut. E. G. Beckwith. 4. Algansea Formosa. — A very graceful and well proportioned fish as regards body and head. The latter is rather slender and conical, constituting the fourth of the total length, in which the greatest depth enters nearly five times. The origin of the ventrals is situated under the anterior margin of the dorsal, as in A. obesa. The scales are next in size to those of A. bicolor. Seven rows are found between the origin of the ventrals and the lateral line, and ten above it, making eighteen rows in all. Metallic greenish brown above and on the sides, minutely dotted with black ; beneath yellowish or whitish. This species was collected in Mercede and Mohave rivers, by Dr. A. L. Heer- manu, under Lieut. R. S. Williamson, and is very closely allied to Lavinia gib- bosa, Ayres, but since I have no specimens of the latter, and that those before me measure but five inches and a half, I feel reluctant to attempt an identifica- tion. Of all the genera recently established by Prof. Agassiz, there is none that has given me so much difficulty to understand, as his genus Acrocheilus. 184 [September, The lengthy description appended to it, reminded me very forcibly of those " spe- cific descriptions referring chiefly to individual peculiarities of specimens, a kind of portrait of peculiar individuals without much likeness."* After a careful study of whatever specific there was in the description of Acrocheilus alutaceus, I came to the conclusion that Acrocheilus was identical with Lavinia, published for the first time in 1854, nearly one year before Acrocheilus was pro- posed. Circumstances of that kind are always to be regretted on eitber side. The characters of the genus are as follows : The body is very much compressed, deep, subfusiform in outline, covered with well developed scales ; the lateral line forming an open curve, convex downwards, nearer the abdominal outline than the back. The fins are well developed ; the insertion of the ventrals are situated either in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal, or immediately under it. The posterior margin of the dorsal approximates more or less the anterior mar- gin of the anal. The caudal is deeply furcated, rounded upon its insertion, and provided with numerous well-marked rudimentary rays above and below. The head is rather small. The cleft of the mouth is situated altogether anteriorly to the crbit ; it is of medium size, the upper jaw overlapping the lower one, which is either rounded or truncated upon its symphysis. There are no buccal barbels. The eye is of moderate size ; a narrow isthmus separates the gill openings. The pharyngeal bones are strongly curved, the upper branch directed inwards and downwards, the inferior one slightly arched backwards, with the convexity di- lated. The teeth, being of the cultriform kind of the grinding type, and dis- posed upon one single series of five, thus : 5 — 5, with a sharp terminal point. 1. Lavinia exilicauda, B. & G. Proc Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vii. 1854, 137- Lavinia compressa, Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc. i. 1855, 21. From Sacramento River, Cal. ; collected by Dr. A. L. Heermann. 2. Lavinia alutacea. — Acrocheilus alutaceus, Agass. & Pick. Amer. Journ. of Sc. 2dser. xix. 1855, 99. From Willamet Falls and Wallawalla river, collected by Dr. Charles Pickering, under Capt. C. Wilkes, U. S. N. 3. Lavinia haeengtjs. — This species is intermediate between L. exilicauda and L. alutacea. The most characteristic feature consists in the relative position of the dorsal and anal fins, which are wider apart. Their size is nearly the same, and if any difference should be observable, the anal would be found a little lar- ger than the dorsal. The specimens before us are in a mutilated condition, inas- much as the scales are all fallen. The dorsal region seems to have been of a much deeper hue than the lower half of the sides, which are whitish, as well as the belly, contrasting with the rather dark hue of the dorsal region. Caught at Monterey, Cal., by A. S. Taylor, Esq. IV. This fourth group is less uniform, if the teeth are taken into account. The lat- ter belong to the hooked types, with or without grinding surface {Denies unci- nato-submolares a,ndu7icinato-subconici), of the raptatorial [Denies raptaiori) and pre- hensile {D.prehensiles), kinds chiefly; in most cases disposed upon a double series. But all its representatives are provided with buccal or maxillary barbels. In the species from the Pacific range a thin cartilaginous pellicle is observed upon the jaws : illustrating what we had already remarked, that the cartilaginous lips are not sufficient to characterise the group of Chondrostomi. Of course, it is in the latter where that character assumes its greatest developement. *Amer. Journ. of Sc. 2d. ser. xix. 1855, 220 1856.] 185 We begin the group with the genus Argyreus, Heck. which is the exact synonym of Agassiz's Rhinichthys. And we are not a little sur- prised at seing the learned Professor bring forward his generical appellation,* introduced into the nomenclature in 1850, in preference to that of Heckel insti- tuted in 1840, especially when elsewhere he appears so eager at restoring all such names as have the priority of publication, and which is nothing but just. The natural characters of the genus Argyreus, are : " A snout more or less protruding beyond the lower jaw, thus giving the mouth an inferior position." In that respect it resembles Cainpostoma and similar Chondrostomi. " The mouth itself is rather small, surrounded with quite narrow and smooth lips," covered with a deciduous cartilaginous pellicle in the western species, "and provided upon its angle with a small barbel, sometimes very conspicuous." The gill open- ings are separated beneath by a very wide isthmus. The insertion of the ven- trals is situated in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal fin, which is higher than long. The caudal is furcated. The scales are small. The pharyn- geal bones are quite narrow, and stouter above than below. The teeth are of the hooked type without grinding surface, strongly hooked and disposed thus : 1 I 4 — 4 I 2, that is, upon two rows, four in the outer row, and one or two in the inner row. The following species have already been mentioned : 1. Arygreus ATEONAS0S, Hcck. — See Storer, Hist, of Fish, of Mass. in the Mem. of the Amer. Acad, new ser. vol. v. 1855. 2. Argyreus nasutus, Grd. — See Storer, Hist, of Fish, of Mass. in the Mem. of the Amer. Acad. v. 1855. 3. Arygreus marmoratus. — Rhinichthys mormoratus , Agass. Lake Sup. 1850, 354, PI. ii. figs. 1 and 2. From Sault St. Mary. — L. Agassiz. 4. Argyreus obtusus. — Rhinichthys obtusus, Agass. Amer. Journ. of Sc. 2d. fier. xvii. 1854, 357. From Tennessee River. 5. Argyreus meleagris. — Rhinichthys meleagris, Agass. Amer. Journ. of Sc. 2d. ser. xvii. 1854, 357. From Iowa. To which we add, as new : 6. Argyreus dulcis. — It has the snout more prominent than .4. aironasus,a.n6. less so than A. 'nasutus. The head is well developed, constituting the fourth of the length, the caudal fin excluded. The eye is quite small and subcircular, its horizontal diameter entering six times in the length of the side of the head, a little over twice in advance of its anterior rim. The mouth is larger than in most of its congeners, and the barbel much more conspicuous. The dorsal fin, as usual, is higher than long, but its upper margin is slightly convex. Its anterior margin is nearer the extremity of the snout than to the insertion of the caudal fin. The latter constitutes a little less than the fifth of the entire length. The anal is a little shorter than the dorsal, but not as deep as the latter is high. D 10 ; A 9 ; C 4, 1, 9, 8, 1, 5 ; V 8 ; P 13. The dorsal region is greyish yellow ; the sides yellowish, with an indistinct silvery band ; beneath yellowish white. The dorsal region, including the upper part of the flanks, is spread over with black specks, sometimes observed beneath the silvery band also. Specimens, the largest of which measuring about three inches and a half, were collected by the late J. S. Bowman, in the Sweet Water, a tributary stream * Amer. Journ. of Sc. 2d. ser. xvii. 1854, 357. 186 [September, of Nebraska, or Platte Eirer. Smaller specimens of the same species were ob- tained in Cottonwood Creek, Utah, by Lieut. E. G. Beckwith, U. S. A. Y. Argykeus nubilus. — This is a very characteristic species. The head is very small, and the body, fusiform in shape and compressed, is thick and swol- len upon its middle. The tail again is rather slender. The snout is subcorneal, but not more protruding than in the preceding species ; the mouth is a great deal smaller than in the latter, with its barbels less conspicuous. The head constitutes about the fifth of the entire length. The eye is moderately developed and subcircular in shape ; its horizontal diameter is contained about five times in the length of the side of the head. The dorsal, caudal and anal fins are of but moderate development, the pectorals and ventrals rather small. D 8+2 ; A 7-f 2 ; C 5, 1, 9, 8, 1, 6 ; V 8 ; P 12. The number of rays in the fins does not materiallj^ differ from that of the pre- ceding species ; in both, the anterior two rays of the dorsal and anal fins are mere rudiments. The color above is blackish brown, with a purplish hue along the middle of the flanks ; the inferior regions are of a soiled white or yellowish brown. The upper surface of the head and upper half of the sides, including the eye, is deep black ; inferiorly it is whitish or yellowish white. Specimens, four inches in total length, were collected at Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound, W. T., by Dr. Geo. Suckley, U. S. A., under Gov, I. I. Stevens. 8. Argyreus osculus. — Has more the fascies of ^4. atronams than of any other of its congeners, both by the outline of its body and head, and the shape and position of the mouth. The head is comparatively small, forming the fifth of the length, with the exception of the lobes of the caudal. The eye is rather large and subcircular, its diameter entering about four times in the length of the side of the head. The dorsal and anal fins are well developed, the former being convex superiorly, and the latter subconvex exteriorly. The posterior margin of the caudal is crescentic. The posterior extremity of the ventrals extend as far as the vent, which is not the case in the two species described above. D 8-1-2 ; A '7-{-2 ; C 5, 1, 9, 8, 1, 6 ; V 8 ; P 14. The anterior two rays of both the dorsal and anal fins are mere rudiments, as already stated. The color is reddish brown above ; olivaceous on the sides, with numerous dark blotches and dots. Beneath uniform yellowish white or silvery white. Many specimens, the largest of which measuring less than three inches, were collected by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A., in the Baboco- mori, a tributary stream of the Rio San Pedro, itself flowing into the Rio Gila. 9. Argyreus notabilis. — This species resembles A. osculus in many respects, but will always be easily distinguished from it by a more truncated snout, and consequently by a mouth not so deeply cleft. The dorsal fin is situated more anteriorly also. The scales are smallei-. The ground color is yellowish or brownish above, golden or orange beneath, covered all over, the abdominal region ex- cepted, with small black spots. Specimens caught in the Rio Santa Crux, Sonora, by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A. The hydrographic basin of the Rio Gila harbors a generic type which, at first sight, one would refer to Argyreus ; but on a closer inspection, its generic traits will appear quite conspicuous. The name of AGOSIA is proposed for it ; the diagnosis is as follows : Snout rounded, slightly pro- truding beyond the lower jaw, though the mouth opens horizontally. The mouth is of medium size, surrounded with narrow and smooth lips, and pro- vided upon its angle with a very small barbel. The isthmus is of moderate width. The insertion of ventrals is situated opposite the anterior margin of dorsal fin, which is higher than long. The caudal is bifurcated. The scales are minute- 1856.] 187 The pliaryngeal bones are expanded upon their curvature. The teeth are of the prehensile li^ind of the hooked tj'pe, provided with a grinding surface ; strongly hooked, and disposed thus : 4 — 4, that is, upon one single row of four. Now, comparing the above with the characters assigned to Argyreus^ we find that the most prominent difference resides in the pharyngeal teeth. The isth- mus is narrower, and the insertion of the ventrals placed further back. 1. Agosia chrysogater, — is about three inches and a half in total length, the head forming a little more than the fifth of it. The posterior extremity of the maxillary extends to the vertical line of the anterior rim of the orbit. The eye is large and circular, its diameter being contained about four times in the length of the side of the head. The anterior margin of the dorsal is a little nearer the end of the snout than the insertion of the caudal. The following is the formula of the fins : D 10 ; A 7 ; C 4, 1, 9, 8, 5, ; V 9 ; P 16. A minute rudiment at the anterior margin of both the dorsal and the anal fins are not included in the above numbers. The region above the middle of the flanks is reddish brown, spotted or dotted with black, especially upon the head ; a black vitta separates this region from that beneath, which is unicolor of a golden hue. The species was collected in the Rio Santa Crux, Sonora, by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham. 2. Agosia metallica. — The specimens of this species are a little shorter than those of the preceding one. It is very characteristic, and easily distinguished from its congener. The head is shorter and the snout more abruptly rounded. The eye is smaller also. The body is more gracefully subfusiform and com- pressed. The dorsal is higher and narrower, rounded superiorly. The posterior margin of the caudal is crescentic, less furcated than in A. chrysogaster. The formula of the fin's rays present also some difference: D 9 ; A 8 ; C 4, 1, 9, 8, 1, 5 ; V 8 ; P 15. The same is true with regard to the rudiment at the anterior margin of the dorsal and anal, and which must be sought for under the skin. Upper regions greyish brown dotted with black ; inferiorly silvery and uni- color ; a black vitta on the sides separating the two hues. Collected by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A., in the Rio San Pedro, an afiluent of the Rio Gila. The genus which we have formerly characterized under the name of POGONICHTHYS, although enlarged by the accession of a new species, stand within the same limits as were originally assigned to it. The body is fusiform and elongated, compressed, covered with large and uniform scales, and provided with a con- spicuous lateral line deflexed upon the middle of the abdomen. The dorsal fin is higher than long ; the ventrals are inserted in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. The caudal is bifurcated. The head is of moderate size or else small, either rounded or flattened upon its upper surface. The snout being more or less protruding beyond the lower jaw, the mouth assumes a somewhat inferior position, although opening horizontally forwards. The mouth itself is of medium size, provided upon its angle with a barbel inserted upon the ante- rior edge of the posterior extremity of the maxillary. The eye is of moderate development. The isthmus is quite narrow. The pharyngeal bones are pro- portionally stout, the inferior limb being, however, slender, slightly arched and expanded upon its symphysis. About tlie height of the third tooth the con- vexity suddenly expands, tapering off towards the extremity of the upper branch, which is slightlj'' bent inwardly downwards. The teeth are well developed, very much compressed upwards and hooked. They are of the prehensile kind, of the hooked type, with a grinding surface, somewhat inclined backwards, and disposed upon a double row of two and four : 2 | 4 — 4 | 2. 188 [September, This genus is intimately related to Leucosomtis, differing from it chiefly, by the structure of its teeth, which are provided with a grinding surface in Pogo- nichthys, whilst there is a sharp edge in Leucosomus. 1. PoGONiCHTHYS IN^QUILOBUS, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, 136. Besides the specimens collected by Dr. Heermann in the San Joaquin River, Cal., we have received others from Petaluma, Sonoma County, Cal., collected by E. Samuels. 2. PoGONicHTHYS SYMMETRicus, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philada. vii. 1854, 136. From Fort Miller, San Joaquin Valley, Cal. ; collected by Dr. Heermann. 3. PoGONiCHTHYS ARGYREiosDS, Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philada. vii. 1854, 153. Collected at Presidio, near San Francisco, Cal., by Lieut. "W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A. 4. PoGONiCHTHYS COMMUNIS. — This spccies is the most characteristic of the genus, by its small and flattened head and the large scales which cover the body. The mouth is larger in proportion than in any of its congeners ; in large specimens the snout overlaps entirely the lower jaw, in which respect it resem- bles Gila elegans most remarkably. The barbel upon the angle of the mouth is very conspicuous. The fins are all well developed ; the external rays of the pectorals extend beyond the usual termination of these fins in other species. The dorsal region is reddish grey or greyish red, according to circumstances ; the rest of the body whitish yellow or yellowish golden, the fins being unicolor. "We have examined numerous specimens of this species. They were collected at Fort Pierre, Nebr., by Dr. John Evans ; at Fort Union, by E. J. Denig ; above Fort Union and in Milk River, by Dr. Geo. Suckley, under Gov. I. I. Stevens ; in the Yellowstone River, by Dr. F. V. Hayden, and in the Sweet Water, a tributary of Platte or Nebraska River, by the late J. Soule Bowman. The genus of genuine Gudgeons, GoBio, Cuv. is a type that may easily be characterized. Head subconical, with the snout rather thick and obtuse, overlapping the lower jaw, thus giving the mouth a somewhat inferior position. The latter, however, is directed forwards ; it is large, and provided with a well developed barbel upon the posterior extremity of the maxillary. The eye is of moderate development. The isthmus is large. The body is elongated, subcylindrical. The dorsal and anal, both, are rather narrow fins. The insertion of the ventrals takes place under the anterior margin of the dorsal or a little behind it. The caudal is bifurcated. The scales are large and the lateral line nearly median. The pharyngeals are gracefully curved, the upper and lower branches tapering, the convexity very slightly expanded. The teeth are slender, subcylindrical upon their base, compressed above, of the rap- tatorial kind of the hooked type, without grinding surface, and disposed upon a double series of one, two or three, and three, four or five, as follows : 3 I 5—5 I 2, or 2 | 4—4 | 1, &c. &c. This genus may be distinguished from Leucosomus by its protruding snout, much more developed maxillary barbel, and narrow dorsal and anal fins, and finally its pharyngeal teeth more strongly hooked. 1. GoBio GELIDU8. — Body and head very slender and elongated; head forming about the fifth of the total length. The snout is quite prominently developed. The eye is rather small compared to G. Jiuvialilk, resembling more, in that re- spect, G. cataractce, from which, however, this species can readily be distin- guished by the position of its ventral fins, which are inserted under the anterior margin of the dorsal, whilst they are placed in advance of it in G. cataractce. 1856.] 189 Color yellowish brown, lighter beneath than above, with a silvery streak along the middle of the flank. Specimens of this species were collected in Milk River, an affluent of the upper Missouri, by Dr. Geo. Suckley, under Gov. I. I. Stevens. 2. GoBio AESTIVALIS. — This is quite a characteristic species, differing from all its congeners by a rather compressed body, elevated and arched upon its middle, and taperingsrapidly along the peduncle of the tail. The snout is miich shorter and less obtuse than in G. gelidus ; the eye is larger also, and the position of the ventrals a little more forwards. The scales are larger, too. In coloration we see no marked difference between this species and G. gelidus. Caught in the Rio San Juan, near Cadereita, New Leon, by Lieut. D. N. Couch, U. S. A. 3. GoBio VERNALis. — The body is fusiform, thickest anteriorly, tapering pos- teriorly. The head is short, the snout blunt and rounded. The eye is large, its diameter being contained three times and a half in the length of the side of the head. Tlie caudal fin is long and deeply furcated ; it constitutes nearly the fourth of the entire length, whilst the head enters in the latter nearly five times and a half. The color is uniform yellowish brown, with a silvery streak along the middle of the flanks. The opercular apparatus and cheek are highly silvery. From Arkansas River, near Fort Smith ; collected by Dr. Geo. G. Shumard. Under the head of Luzilus will be found the reasons for transferring the name of Leucosomus, Heck. to Leuciscits pulchelhcs, instead of Ci/prinus chrysoleiicus. We shall now charac- terize this genus, as it is, henceforth, to stand in the ichthyic system. The body is elongated, subfusiform, compressed. The head is stout, conical, either ab- ruptly truncated or tapering oil'. In either case, the mouth is large, subterminal, and the upper jaw slightly protruding beyond the lower. A small barbel upon the maxillary, near the angle of the mouth. Eyes of medium size. Insertion of ventrals a little in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal, or immediately under it. Caudal bifurcated. Scales large, a little longer than high ; lateral line following the middle of the flanks. Pharyngeal bones stoutish, sickle-shaped ; the inferior branch rather slender, the convexity having a slight expansion tapering off towards the tip of the upper branch. The teeth are subconical, compressed and strongly hooked, of the raptatorial kind, of the hooked type, without grinding surface. They are disposed upon a double row of four and two in the following manner : 2 | 4 — 4 ] 2 ; sometimes 2 | 5 — 4 | 3, and even 1 I 4—4 I 2. The genus Cheiloncmus, Bd., is strictly synonymous with iewcoso?K?/«; the latter differs from Semotilus by the presence of maxillary barbels. 1. Leucosomus pulchellus.— iewcwcMsjoMMeZZiw, Storer, Rep. 1839, 91. — Lm- ciscus argentius, Storer, Rep. 1839, 90. — Leucosomus chrysoleuciis, Heck., in Russ. Reise. ii. 1843, 1042, pi. i. Leuciscus storeri, Val., in Cuv. & Yal., Hist. Nat. Poiss. xvii. 1844, 319. — Cheilonemus pulcheUus, Grd., in Storer, Fish, of Mass., in Mem. Amer Acad. v. new ser. 1865, 120, pi. xxii., fig. 2. Inhabits the fresh waters of New England. 2. Leucosomus plumbeus. — Gobio plumbeus, Aoass., Lake Sup. 1850, 3G6. — If at all different from the preceding, this will be a second species of the genus. Lake Huron and Lake Superior. 3. Leucosomus dissimilis. — This species will be easilj' recognized by the small size of the scales of the back compared to those of the flanks. In that respect it approximates species of the genus Semotilus. Its head is subconical, contained a little less than four times in the total length. The eye is large, its diameter being contained four times in the length of the side of the head. The color is 190 [September, uniform greyish brown above, silvery along the middle of the flank and yellow- ish beneath. Speo'mens of this species were collected by Dr. Geo. Suckley, under Gov. I. I. Stevens, in Milk and Little Muddy rivers, tributaries of the upper Missouri. 4. Leucosomus pallidus. — This species has the same general physiognomy as L. dissimilis. The scales of the back are likewise a great deal smaller than on the flanks, but in totum they are larger than in the preceding species. The origin of the ventrals is situated in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal, a feature that will enable us at once to discriminate between this species and L. dissimilis. The dorsal region is greyish brown, the ventral region yellowish white. A black spot at the base of the caudal, as well as upon the anterior margin of the dorsal. Specimens were collected in Antelope Creek, Arkansas, by Dr. C. B. Ivcnnerly, under Lieut. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 5. Leucosomus incrassatus. — Remarkable for its stout and short body and well developed head, which constitutes a little more than the fourth of the total length. The scales are proportionally smaller than in L. pallidus. Dark greyish above, light greyish beneath, with a yellowish hue all over the head and body. A black spot upon the anterior margin of the dorsal ; none upon the caudal. Collected twenty miles west of Choctaw Agency, by H. B. Mollhausen, under Lieut. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. The following genus, for which the name of , NOCOMIS is thought well appropriated, has a short, stoutish and compressed body? covered with large scales. The ventrals are inserted opposite the anterior mar- gin of the dorsal, mayhap a little anterior to it. The caudal is furcated. The head is large, rounded upon the snout, which is declivous. The mouth is large and terminal, the lower jaw being slightly overlapped by the upper. A barbel upon the posterior extremity of the maxillary. Eyes small. Isthmus rather wide. The pharyngeals are stoutish, somewhat expanded upon their convexity ; expansion tapering off towards the tip of the upper limb, which is gently curved inwards. The inferior limb is scarcely longer than the upper, looks more slender, is flattened upon its extremity, which is turned outwards, causing a convexity inwardly. The teeth are of "the voratorial kind of the hooked type, without grinding surface. They are subcylindrical, acerated and hooked, disposed upon a double series of one and four, in the following manner : 1 | 4 — 4 | 1. This genus is allied to Semodhis by its pharyngeal teeth, diifering chiefly by its mouth, which is not so deeply cleft, and by its maxillary barbels, which are absent in Scmotilus. NocoMis NEBRACENSis. — It is a fish about four inches in total length, of a uniform reddish brown hue above, and golden yellow beneath ; a blackish streak along the middle of the flanks terminating into a black spot upon the base of the caudal fin. The lateral line is nearly medial, being but slightly de- pressed along the thoracic region. Collected in the Sweet Water, a tributary of Platte or Nebraska River, by the late J. Soule Bowman. The genera brought together in this paragraph are numerous, and quite as varied in their dentition as in the former group. They differ from the latter by the absence of barbels. As in the preceding, the teeth are of the hooked types, Avith or Ayithout grinding surface (^Denies uncinato-submolares et uncinato- subconici), mostly of the raptatorial kind. In the majority of cases, the teeth are disposed upon a double scries also. This and the former group ought to be subdivided in a natural method, which is not our object now. Moreover, a thorough grouping of the American Cypri- 1856.] 191 noids cannot yet be attempted with any sort of satisfaction, as long so the eastern representatives are not all revised. The most curious genus, it must be conceded, is that of ExoGLOSSUM, Rafin. The body is elongated, subcylindrical, slightly compressed. The head is sub- conical, flattened upon the occiput, and terminated by a blunt snout. The mouth is subterminal, opening downwards and forwards, the lower jaw being shorter than the upper and not surrounded by the lips around its symphysis, the lips being largely developed at the angle of the mouth and along the upper jaw also. The eye is of moderate size. The isthmus is wide. The origin of the ventrals is situated opposite the anterior margin of the dorsal. The caudal is bifurcated. The scales are of medium size, nearly quadrilateral. The pharyn- geal bones are exiguous, very slender upon their inferior branch, hardly dilated above. The teeth are of the raptatorial kind of the hooked type, without grind- ing surface, instead of which a sharp, but not crenated, edge. They are dis- posed vipon a double row of one and four, thus : 1 | 4 — 4 | 1. 1. ExoGLoasuM MAXiLLiNGUA, Hald. in Rtipp, Hist, of Lane. Co., Pa., 1844, 474. — Agass. Amer. Journ. of Sc. 2d Ser. xix. 1855, 215. — Cyprinus maxillingua, Lesu., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philada. i. 1817, 85. — Exoglossum Icsucurianum, Rafin., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philada. i. 1818, 420. Prof. Haldeman was the first who thought of restoring the name of maxillingua to this species. 2. Exoglossum mirabile. — A very characteristic species, very slender and fusiform, and distinguished from the preceding by a smaller head, smaller mouth, the position a little more backwards of the ventrals, and larger scales. The color is reddish brown above, light reddish beneath, with a silvery band along the middle of the flanks from head to tail. A black spot upon the inser- tion of the caudal fin. Caught in the Arkansas River, near Fort Smith, by Dr. Geo. G. Shumard. Along with young specimens of Gila grahami, caught in the San Pedro, were numerous little fishes from two and a half inches to three inches long, which, upon a superficial examination, might not have been distinguished from their associates just mentioned, for the fact of the absence of scales could not have given them an aspect very different from the young Gil^e, since the latter have very minute scales in their immature state. A careful comparison between the two sets of specimens very soon revealed generic characters so peculiar, that we had to institute, under the name of MEDA, a genus widely different from all other American cyprinoids, by the presence, upon the anterior margin of the dorsal, of a stout undivided (though articulated) ray, resembliog in its general appearance that which is observed in Barbus, Lu- cioharbus, Scaphiodon and Systomus, differing, however, from all of these in the structure of its posterior edge, which is grooved instead of being serrated. The absence of buccal barbels in 3l€da, is another feature to warrant its claims as a genus, which differs from Cyprinus^ Carassius, Carpio, &c., by characters equally obvious, as will be seen by the following diagnosis : Body elongated, slender, compressed, fusiform in its profile, and perfectly naked. The lateral line may be traced along the middle of the flanks, slightly deflexed upon the abdomen. The head is elongated, subconical, rounded upon the snout without being truncated. The mouth is proportionally large, subter- minal, its cleft slightly oblique upwards, the lower jaw fitting into the upper. No barbels. The eye large and circular. The isthmus narrow. Dorsal fin higher than long, provided anteriorly with a stout, articulated but simple and osseous ray grooved posteriorly and nearly as high as the second ray, which ia 192 [September, slightly higher, and the highest of all. The veatrals are inserted in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal, and adherent to the ventral line for more than the half of their total length. The caudal is deeply furcated. The pharyngeal bones are slender, especially upon their inferior limbs, which are longer than the upper ones. The latter are flattened or expanded, and curved inwardly downwards. The teeth are very slender, subconical, compressed at their base, of the prehensile kind of the hooked type, without grinding surface. They are disposed upon a double series of one and four: 1 | 4 — 4 | 1. Thus, equally dis- tinct from both Phoxinus and Phozinellus, to which this genus bears an external resemblance. Thus far we are acquainted with but one species. Mbda fuloida. — The head constitutes a little more than the fifth of the total length. The angle of the mouth is even with a vertical line drawn in advance of the orbit. The dorsal region is reddish yellow; the middle of the flanks as if painted with silver; underneath pale yellow. From Rio San Pedro, tributary of the Gila ; collected by John H. Clark, under Col. Graham, U. S. A. We now bring here together, under the name of CLIOLA, some species of small cyprinoids, having the external aspect of Dionda^ but difl'ering from the latter by the pharyngeal teeth, which are curved, and without grinding surface. The snout is rounded, the mouth small and terminal, with both jaws equal. There is a rather wide isthmus. The eyes are well developed, also. The dorsal fin is about as long as high, or longer than high. The caudal fin is bifurcated; the insertion of the ventrals, opposite the anterior margin of the dorsal. The scales being large, and the lateral line following the middle of the flanks. The pharyngeal bones are of moderate strength ; the inferior branch is rather slender, and nearly straight when viewed in front; from the insertion of the teeth, they gradually expand to the entire convexity which is gentle and gradual. The teeth themselves are of the raptatorial kind, of the hooked type, without grinding surface, compressed, curved, and disposed upon one single row of four: 4 — 4. 1. Cliola viGitAX. — Ceratichthys vigilax, B. & G., Proc, Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vi. 1853, 390. — Leuciscus vigilax, B. & G., in 3Iarcy^s Expl. of Red Riv. of La., 1853, 248. Zool. PI. xxiv. figs. 1—4. From Otter Creek, a tributary to the northern fork of Red River, Ark. 2. Cliloa velox. — A very slender and elegant species, differing from C. viffi- lax, by a more conical head, much larger eyes, and larger scales. A black spot may be observed upon the anterior margin of the dorsal fin. The ground color is olivaceous, with the middle of the flanks silvery; a black vitta follows the course of the lateral line. A black spot exists also upon the base of the caudal fin. Specimens were collected by Dr. C. B. Kennedy, under Major W. H. Emory, in the San Pedro creek, a tributary of the Rio San Antonio, Texas. 3. Cliola vivax. — This species might easily be mistaken for O. velox, were it not for the shortness of its head and its small eye. Besides, the body is not so much elongated, and is covered with scales a great deal smaller. The color is uniform light yellowish or saffron, with a black spot upon the base of the caudal fin, and another upon the anterior margin of the dorsal ; the middle of the flanks exhibits traces of a greyish or blackish vitta. Caught in Leon River, a tributary to the Rio San Antonio, Texas, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Lt. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A, 1856.] 193 Amongst the few genera which seem to be common to both hemispheres, there is the genus Alburnus, Rond. which we find distributed over a large portion of our continent. But, in order to include the American species in that genus, the diagnosis is to be slightly modified, so as to read : Raptatorial teeth disposed upon a double row of two and four or five, thus: 2 | 5 — 5 | 2 or 2 | 4 — 4 | 2. la all the species which I have examined, the teeth are disposed according to the second formula. The teeth themselves are slender and compressed, more or less hooked. The pharyngeal bones are slender, expanded upon their convexity, the upper limb bent inwards and downwards, and the inferior limb rather exiguus and shorter than the upper. Should the American species, now referred to this genus, prove generically distinct upon a more minute comparison, •which we cannot now estab- lish, the name of Alburnellus might unite them under a new generic appella- tion. 1. Alburnus dilectus, — is about three inches and a half in total length ; the head forming a little less than the sixth part of it. The greatest depth is nearly equal to the length of the head. The diameter of the circular eye is contained a little more than three times in the length of the side of the head, and less than once in advance of its anterior rim. There are ten longitudinal rows of scales between the insertion of the ventrals and the base of the dorsal. The lateral line is upon the fourth row from the ventrals upwards. The color is uniform yellowish red with a lateral silvery streak. Collected in the Arkansas river near Fort Smith, by Dr. Geo. G. Shumard. 2.^Alburntjs umbratilis, — is a shorter and deeper species, and which migh* easily be taken for a Lnxilus, so striking is its general resemblance with smal^ specimens of the latter genus. The greatest length is about three inches ; the greatest depth being equal to the length of the head, and contained five times in the total length. The lateral line, though running along the fourth row of scales from the insertion of the ventrals, is more deflexed upon the abdomen than in A. dilectus; the longitudinal rows of scales being fourteen in number. The ground color is silvery grey above; the back, sides and fins as if shaded ; the belly reddish. Specimens were collected, by H. Miillhausen, in Sugar Loaf Creek, a tributary to Poteau river, flowing into the Arkansas near Fort Smith. 3. Alburnus amabilis — This is a very slender and graceful species, about two inches and a half in total length. The head constitutes the fifth of the length, and the greatest depth, the sixth. There are nine longitudinal rows of scales upon the flanks, between the insertion of the ventral fins and the dorsal line. The lateral line, as usual, is found along the fourth row from the ventrals upwards. The color is dark reddish brown, silvery upon the flanks. A black patch upon the base of the tail. Specimens were collected in the Rio Leona, an affluent of the Rio Nueces, by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A. 4. Alburnus meqalops. — Resembles A. amabilis in general traits, being slender and graceful, but easily distinguished from it by a shorter and more rounded snout and a larger eye. The coloration is the same with the exception of the black caudal patch, which does not exist here. The average size of the speci- mens before us is about two inches. Caught in San Felipe Creek, Texas, by John H. Clark, under Col. Graham. 5. Alburntts socius. — Resembles A. mcgalops by its snout and eye. The total length is two inches and a half, the head forming the fifth part of it. The greatest depth is a little less than the length of the head. The dorsal region is oliva- ceous, the flanks silvery, and the belly yellowish. Opercular apparatus golden. Specimens of this species were collected in Live Oak Creek, Texas, by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A. 15 194 [September, There are yet other species which bear a striliing external resemblance to Alburnus, or better AlLurnellus, but differing by an ensemble of characters, which have led us to establish, under the name of ALBURNOPS, a genus to include them. They may be distinguished by their smaller mouth and by a thickening of the snout, which slightly overlaps the lower jaw, contrary to what is the case in Alburnus and Alburnellus. In that respect, Alburnops will remind us some species of Ihjborhynchus. The eye is large ; a very narrow isthmus separates the gill apertures beneath. The insertion of the ventrals talies place under the anterior margin of the dorsal fin, which resembles that of Alburnus and Alburnellus. In both of the latter genera, the ventrals are situated in advance of the dorsal. The caudal is furcated. On the other hand, the anal has a narrower base than in Alburnus and Alburfiellus ; the lateral line is nearly medial, instead of being deflexed upon the abdomen. The scales are large and deciduous. The pharyn- geal bones resemble, by their configuration, those of Alburnellus. The teeth themselves, are of the prehensile kind of the hooked type, with a narrow and sometimes contorted grinding surface. They are disposed upon a double row of two and four : 2 | 4-4 | 2, or 1 | 4—4 | 2. Thus we see that a marked difference between Alburnops and Alburnus s. Al- burnellus, consists in the presence of a grinding surface in the former, and which is absent in the latter. 1. Alburnops elennius. — This species has the snout most prominently rounded. The posterior extremity of the maxillary extends to a vertical line drawn across the anterior rim of the orbit. The eye is smaller than in the two following species. The greatest length being about three inches and a half, the head forming the fifth part of it ; the depth is less than the length of the head. Theie are ten longitudinal rows of scales upon the greatest depth, six above the lateral line and three below it. The color is reddish brown ; the middle of the flanks, silvery ; the fins unicolor. Specimens collected iu the Arkansas river, near Fort Smith, by Dr. Geo. G. Shumard. 2. Alburnops suumardi. — The snout is more conical than in the preceding species, the mouth larger and more deeply cleft. The head constitutes, likewise, the fifth of the total length, which measures three inches and a half. There are but nine rows of scales, five above and three below the lateral line. Color red- dish brown ; flanks silvery. Collected by Dr. Geo. C. Shumard, in the Arkansas river, near Fort Smith. 3. Alburnops illecebrosus. — Perhaps the most graceful of the three species so far known of this genus. The number of rows of scales is ten, as in A. blennius. The snout less prominent than in A. slnmiardi, and more so than in A. blennius. The eyes are the largest in the genus. The head is contained five times and a half in the total length, which averages about three inches. Color reddish brown ; flanks silvery. Caught in the Arkansas river, near Fort Smith, by Dr. Geo. G. Shumard. Under the name of CODOMA, we arrange small cyprinoids, characterized by a short head and rounded snout, terminated by a small mouth, the cleft of which does not reach a vertical line drawn in front of the orbit; there being no barbels at its angle, and both jaws even. The isthmus is of moderate width. The body is more or less elongated, compressed. The insertion of the ventrals is situated in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. The caudal is bifurcated, and like the rest of the fins, rather 1856.] 195 small. The scales are of medium size, higher than long, and the lateral line is but slightly deflesed upon the thoracic region. The pharyngeals are moderately expanded upon their convexity. The teeth are of the raptatorial kind, of the hooked type, compressed, without grinding surface, instead of which, a sharp, but not serrated ridge. They are arranged upon one single row of four, thus : 4—4. The general physiognomy of the genus reminds us of that of Pimcphales and Cochlognalhus, with which genera it has no intimate affinities, when the pharyn- geal dentition is taken into consideration. Indeed, its affinities with Cyprinella and Moniana are of a more close character, for the teeth are constructed according to the same general pattern ; from Cifprinella, however, it differs by the presence of one single row of teeth, and from Moniana by the absence of serratures upon the cutting edge of the teeth, and finally from both Cyprindla and 3Ioniana by smaller scales, the course of the lateral line, and the short and rounded head. 1. CoDOMA ORNATA.— This species has the aspect of Pimpephales promdas to a much higher degree than the following. The head forms the fifth of the total length, whilst the greatest depth enters in the latter but three times and a half. The eye is circular and well developed ; its diameter entering a little over three times in the length of the side of the head. The anterior margin of the dorsal is a little nearer the extremity of the snout that to the insertion of the caudal fin. D 8 +1 ; A 7 + 1 ; C 6, 1, 9, 8, 1, 6 ; V 7 ; P 12. The coloration is rich and profuse, the upper regions are purplish black, with transverse bands of the same hue along the flanks to the base of the caudal fin ; the space not occupied by these, on the back as well as on the abdomen, is of a golden red. The fins are purplish black, edged or tipped with golden yellow or pure white. Inhabits Chihuahua river and its tributaries ; collected by John Potts, Esq. 2. CoDOMA viTTATA. — Has a more elongated body and subfusiform outline than the preceding species. The head forms a little less than the fifth of the entire length, whilst the depth enters in it about four times and a half. The eye is much smaller than in C. ornaia; the fins and scales are smaller, also. D8 + 1; A7+2; C7, 1, 9, 8, 1, 6; V7; P14. The upper regions are purplish brown ; a silvery band along the middle of the flank; inferiorly yellowish orange. Fins unicolor ; the superior ones greyish, the inferior yellowish. Collected in the valley of Mexico, by John Potts, Esq. Since Rafinesque's genera are to be restored, Ms genus Plargyrus, is to take the precedence over the genus Hypsolepis of more modern coining. The name of Plargyrus was provided for in the Ichthyologia ohiensis, to replace that of Ruidics in the eventuality that Cyprinus riUilus of Europe, which was the type of the genus Ruiilus, should prove generically distinct from Rutilus plargyrus and similar American species, and which is the case. _ The genus Plargyrus includes the prettiest species of American Cyprinoids. Their comparatively small size, compressed and graceful body, subfusiform m its profile, added to brilliant and vivid colors, have brought these fishes to the notice of the multitude. They are commonly known as " Red Dace," " Silver- side Fall-fish," " White and Yellow-winged Shiner," " Shiner," &c. Its generic traits may be thus expressed : Head large and subconical ; mouth terminal more or less oblique upwards. Jaws equals. No cirrhi or barbels. Eyes large. Isthmus quite narrow. Tail tapering. Caudal fin bifurcated or forked The insertion of the ventrals is situated opposite the anterior margin 196 0 [September, of dorsal fin, or a little behind it. Dorsal and anal Ens without strongs and un- divided ray anterior!}'. Scales very large, imbricated, much higher than long. Lateral line forming a downward curve beneath the middle of the flanks. Pha- ryngeal bones rather slender with an angular expansion at the upper portion of the descending branch, the expansion itself tapering away towards the upper and inner extremity. The teeth are compressed, of the prehensible kind, of the hooked type, very slightly hooked, provided with a grinding surface ; being dis- posed upon a double row as follow: 2 | 4 — 4 | 2. The teeth of this genus are figured by Heckel, under the name of Argyreus ruhrijyinnis, the second species of his genus Argyreus, and which is nothing else but Plargyrus cornutus in a breeding dress. The species are : 1 Plargyrus cornutus. — Cyprinus cornutus, Mitch. — See Siorcr^s Fishes of Mass. in Mem. Amer. Acad. v. New Ser. 1855, 118, where this species is figured and described. 2. Plargyrus typicus. — Rutilus plargyrus, 'B.kvw. Ichth. Ohiens. 1820, 50. — Leuciscus plargyrus, Kirtl. — Storer, Synops. 1846, 158. 3. Plargyrus gibbosus. — Leuciscus gibhosus, Storer, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, ii., 1845, 48; Synops. 1846, 166. Alabama. 4. Plargyrus frontalis. — Leuciscus frontalis, AgaSS., Lake Sup. 1850, 368» PI. iii. fig. 4. Lake Superior. 5. Plargyrus gracilis. — Leuciscus gracilis, Agass., Lake Sup. 1850, 370' Lake Huron. 6. Plargyrus. BOWMANi. — We inscribe this species to the memory of one, who, under difficulties of various sorts, during a travel across the continent, thought it not of little importance to collect and preserve specimens of natural his- tory, which he forwarded to the Smithsonian Institution. The species is grace- fully subfusiform in its profile, the depth in advance of the dorsal being equal to the fifth of the entire length, in which the head itself enters about four times and a half The eye is very large ; its diameter being contained a little less than four times in the length of the side of the head. Dorsal region reddish brown ; sides silvery, abdomen yellowish. A black streak along the flanks and above the lateral line. A specimen, four inches in total length was caught in the Sweet water, a tributary of Platte or Nebraska river, by the late J. Soule Bowman. Had the name of ITypsolepis not been made synonymous of Plargyrus, we might have applied it with perfect propriety to the group which we now call CYPRINELLA, since the fishes therein included, possess that curious character of scales higher than long. They replace in the South-west, the Plargyri of more northern climes. Though generally smaller than the species of Plargyrus, some do re- semble the latter in a very striking manner, whilst others are much shorter and deeper in proportion. The chief differences between the present genus and Plargyrus, is to be found in the pharyngeal teeth and the position of the ventrals. To Jfoniana it bears more striking resemblances and real aflSnities. The position of the ventral fins is the same, the pharyngeal bones are alike also, the teeth are of the same general pattern, but disposed upon a double series in Cypri- nella, and upon one only in iVoniana. Besides, in Cypri?iclla, the snout generally protrudes beyond the lower jaw, though the mouth is slightly oblique and sub- terminal. But let us formulate the generic characters of the genus we are now treating of: Body very compressed, either elongated and subfusiform, or else with the dorsal and abdominal outlines rather arched, but which may, after all. 1856.] 197 simply indicate the female sex at the breeding season. The head is of moderate size, subconical, the snout generally protruding beyond the lower jaw. The mouth is small, slightly oblique and subterminal.' No barbels of any sort. Eyes moderate. Isthmus narrow. Tail tapering, caudal fin bifurcated. Insertion of ventrals opposite or slightly in advance of the anterior margin of dorsal fin. Scales of moderate development, imbricated, much higher than long. Lateral line forming a downwards curve beneath the middle of the flanks. Pharyngeal bones like those of Plnrgyrus. The teeth are slender and compressed, of the raptatorial kind of the hooked type, slightly hooked, without grinding surface, instead of which, a sharp ridge inconspicuously creaated, and disposed upon a double row of four and one, in the following manner, 1 | 4 — 4 | 1. We know already several species of this genus, besides one formerly described and with which we commence the list. 1. Cyprinella bubalina. — Leuciscus bubalinus, B. & G., in Marci/s Expl. of Red Riv. of La. 1853, 249. Zool. PI. xiv. figs. 5 — 8. — It is one of those species, the dorsal outline of which is very much arched. From Otter Creek, a tributary to the northern fork of Red River, Ark. 2. Cyprinella umbrosa. — Also a deep bodied species, much larger than the preceding, indeed the largest of the species hitherto known of its genus. The ventral outline as much arched as that of the back. The greatest depth, taken at the anterior margin of the dorsal, is equal to the third of the length, the caudal fin excluded. The entire length measures about three inches and a quarter, the caudal fin being a little less than the greatest depth. The nape is a little depressed ; the head constitutes the fourth of the length, caudal fin excluded. The eye is circular, its diameter entering a little over three times in the length of side of the head. The anterior margin of the dorsal is nearer the tip of the snout than the insertion of the caudal. The insertion of the ventrals is a little in advance the anterior margin of the dorsal. D 8 4- 2 ; A 9 + 2 ; 0 3, 1, 9, 8, 1, 4 ; V 8 ; P 14. Greyish red above; greyish white beneath. Fins unicolor. Specimens were caught by H. B. MoUhausen, under Lt. Whipple, in Coal creek, a tribatary to the southern fork of the Canadian river, Ark., and also twenty miles west of the Choctaw Agency. 3. Cyprinella gdnnisoni. — The body is short but not so deep as in the pre- ceding species. The head is smaller than in C. umbrosa, but the eye preserves the same proportions. A characteristic feature may be found in the scales which show a greater portion of their surface, though equally as high. Color reddish brown, dark above and light beneath. Collected in Cottonwood creek, a tributary of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, and brought home by Lt. E. G. Beckwith, U. S. A. 4. Cyprinella beckwithi. — A species allied to the preceding by its external form and general appearance, but readily distinguished from it by a larger head, and larger scales also. The latter one likewise larger than in C. umbrosa. Color greyish brown above, orange red beneath ; fins unicolor. From the sluices of the Arkansas river near Fort Makee ; brought home by Lt. E. G. Beckwith, U. S. A. 5. Cyprinella suavis. — This species establishes the transition between the deep and slender species. The head forms about the fifth, and the depth the fourth of the total length. Yellowish red above, and yellowish white beneath with a silvery hue. Collected near San Antonio, Texas, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Lt. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 6. Cyprinella LEPiDA. — Elongated and fusiform; the greatest depth taken upon the anterior third of the body, being contained four times and a half in the total length ; the head forming a little less than the fourth of the same length. The 198 [September, head, therefore, is well developed; the eye is circular, its diameter being con- tained four times in the length of the side of the head. The scales are larger than in any of its hitherto known congeners. Light reddish above, pale sulphur yellow beneath. Caught in the Rio Frio, a tributary to the Rio Nueces, Texas, by Dr. C. B. Kennedy, under Lt. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 8. Cyprinella notata. — Also an elongated and fusiform species, but easily distinguished from C. lejnda, by a shorter head, less furcated caudal, and, especially, by smaller scales ; the latter differing also in their general outline and radiating furrows. Reddish above; yellowish beneath, with a jet black patch upon the base of the caudal fin. Collected in the Rio Seco, a tributary to the Rio Nueces, Texas, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Lt. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 8. Cyprinella whipplii. — Gracefully elongated and subfusiform. Dorsal region slightly arched upon the insertion of the fin. Greatest depth forming a little more than the fifth of the total length, whilst the head, which is subconi- cal, constitutes a little less than the fifth of the same dimension. The eye is quite large, larger than in any other species of the same genus, since its diameter enters but a little over three times in the length of the side of head. Another very characteristic feature is to be found in a very high dorsal fin, rounded upon its upper margin. The origin of the ventral fins is situated opposite the anterior margin of the dorsal. The scales are of moderate development, and the lateral line is but slightly flexed downwards. Reddish brown above ; golden yellow beneath ; a black patch upon the posterior margin of the dorsal. Caught in the Sugar Loaf creek, a tributary of Poteau river, itself empty- ing its waters into the Arkansas river, near Fort Smith, Ark., by H. B. M611- hausen, under Lt. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 9. Cyprinella macrostoma. — This species is very characteristic. The body is deep upon its middle, tapering posteriorly. The head is subconical, with a prominent snout and a very large mouth. The eye is well developed. The ven- trals are inserted a little in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal fin. Red ; silvery upon the opercular apparatus and middle of the sides. Specimens were collected in Devil's River, Texas, by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, and at China, New Leon, by Lt. D. N. Couch, U. S. A. 10. Cyprinella venusta. — Gracefully compressed and fusiform in profile. The snout protruding and subconical. The species is related to C. macrostoma, from which it chiefly diifers by the relative size of its mouth and shape of the body. The ventrals are likewise inserted a little in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. Greyish red above, pale beneath ; sides silvery. A black patch upon the base of the caudal fin. Numerous specimens were collected in the Rio Sabinal, Texas, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Major W. H. Emory. 11. Cyprinella texana. — Body very slender and fusiform ; head small and subconical; mouth small; eje large. Ventrals inserted under the anterior margin of the dorsal. Color reddish brown, sides silvery; lateral line accom- panied by black dots terminating into a black spot upon the base of the caudal. From Rio Salado, Texas, and Turkey creek, Texas, collecteii by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham. 12. Cyprinella luxiloides — At first, this species would remind us of cer- tain species of Liixilus in its general appearance. The body being deep, gradually tapering away forwards and backwards. The head is well developed, and the mouth also. Ventrals inserted slightly in advance of the dorsal. Red- dish brown above: silvery beneath. From San Pedro creek, Texas, collected by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Major W. H. Emory. 1856.] 199 13. Cyprinella lugubris. — Elongated, fasiform ; head large and mouth ac- cordingly, though the latter is smaller than in C. macrostoma. The ventrals are inserted under the anterior margin of the dorsal. Dark brown above, silyery upon the sides and under the belly. The locality were this species was collected is not precisely known. It was brought borne by Lt. E. G. Beckwith. 14. Cyprinella ludibunda. — All the specimens of this species which we have examined are immature, and yet there is no doubt in our mind as to its specific difference from all the species hereto alluded to. The head is small and conical, with the snout round and truncated. The mouth being small. The ventrals inserted in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. Color reddish brown ; middle of sides silvery; lateral line marked with black dots. Associated with the preceding, and collected under the same circumstances. "We next introduce a genus composed of small species, all being provided with scales similar in general outline, to those of both Plargyrus and Cyprinella : we call it MONTANA. Its species truly replace the Plargyri in a more southern latitude under a diminutive aspect. As regards structure, they differ widely from Plargijrus, as will appear by the following diagnosis : Body compressed, subfusiform. Head rather small, subconical or rounded. Snout occasionally protruding slightly. Mouth suboblique, terminal ; both jaws generally equal. No barbels. Isthmus narrow. Eyes moderate. Caudal fin bifurcated. These characters, so far, are found in Plargyrus. But now for the differences. The insertion ofthe ventrals is situated in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal, which is higher than long. The pharyngeal teeth are compressed, of the raptatorial kind, of the hooked type, without grinding surface, instead of which, a sharp ridge is observed, very minutely crenated. They are disposed upon a single row of four, thus : 4—4. Besides a species previously described, there are several new ones to be placed on record. 1. Montana lutrensis — Leitcisms lutrensis, B, & G. in Marcy^s Expl. of Eed Riv. of La. 1853, 251. Zool. PI. xiv. figs. 9—12. From Otter creek, tributary of the northern fork of Red River, Ark. It was also caught in Gypsum creek, a tributary of the false Washita River, by H. B. MoUhausen, under Lt. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 2. Montana lecnina.— The largest of the hitherto known species of the genus. The entire length measures three inches and a quarter, the head forming the fourth of it, the caudal fin excluded. The body is very deep upon its middle, where the greatest depth is a little less than the fourth of the entire length. The mouth is proportionally small. The eye being circular, its diameter entering four times in the length of the side of the head. The rays are : D9 + 2;A10 + 2; 0 5,1,9,8,1,7; V9; P 16. Greyish brown above; white or dull yellowish beneath. Specimens were collected in Leon River, a tributary to the Rio San Antonio, Texas, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Lt. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 3. Montana deliciosa. — This is one of the most slender of all the species hitherto known of the genus. Its length is a little over two inches and a half, the head forming the fifth part of it. The latter is proportionally small, sub- conical anteriorly. The eye is quite large and circular, its diameter en- tering about three times in the length of the side of the head. There are ten longitudinal rows of scales upon the greatest depth of the body ; the scales them- 200 [September, selves are large. The color is reddish brown above, silvery along the middle of the flanks and yellowish beneath. Specimens of this species were collected in Leon River, a tributary of the Rio San Antonio, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Lieut. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 4. MoNiANA PROSERPINA, — is remarkable for its slender body, subconical head, and very small mouth. The eye is of moderate development. The total length is two inches and a quarter, the head constituting the fifih part of it. Eleven rows of scales may be counted upon the line of greatest depth of the body. Greyish brown above ; metallic greyish white upon the sides and beneath. From Devil's River, Texas ; collected by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Gra- ham, U. S. A. 5. MoxiANA AURATA. — A most haudsome species, with a rather deep body gradually tapering posteriorly, and a rounded and subtruncated head bearing minute spines upon its upper surface. The eye is proportionally small, and the mouth of medium size. Chesnut brown above; a diffused blackish streak along the middle of the flanks; golden beneath. From Piedra Painie, New Mexico ; collected by John H, Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham. 6. MoNiANA coMPLANATA. — The most compresscd of all the species so far known. The profile is regular ; the peduncl'e of the tail rather slender. The total length is two inches and a half, the head entering in it five times and a half. The mouth and eye are of but moderate size. Scales large and very deciduous. Pale red above, silvery upon the sides and yellowish beneath. Collected at Brownsville, Texas, by Capt, Van Vliet, U. S. A. 7. MoNiANA L,T.TABiLis. — The body is subelliptical in profile, the tail slender. The head well developed, being contained four times and a half in the total length, which measures about two inches. The greatest depth is equal to the length of the head. The fins are quite conspicuously developed; the scales large, as usual in the genus, being also deciduous. Reddish brown above, yel- lowish white beneath ; sides silvery. Specimens collected by H. B. MoUhausen, under Lieut. W. A. Whipple, in Hurah Creek, a tributary of the Rio Pecos, of the Rio Grande del Norte (Rio Bravo). 8. MoNiANA PULCHELLA. — Allied to M. lutrensis. but differing from it by a shorter snout and a more compact tail. The eye is large also. A distinctive feature between the two species is to be found in the squamation, since the scales are more deeply imbricated in 31. lutrensis than in M. jjalchclla. The color is reddish brown ; silvery upon the sides. Caught by H. B. Mollhausen, under Lieut. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A., in the Sugar Loaf Creek, emptying its waters into the Poteau River, itself a tributary of the Arkansas, near Fort Smith. 9 MoNiANA PRiGiDA. — This species is a little more than three inches in total length, and stands next to the largest of the hitherto known species. The head forms about the fifth of the length. The body is rather deep and very much compressed ; the caudal fin deeply forked. The eye is circular, and its diameter contained four times in the length of side of the head. The rays of the fins are, D 84-2; A 8 + 2: C G, 1, 9, 8, 1, G; V 8 ; P 13. The color is of a reddish brown above, silvery white beneath. The middle of the flanks exhibits an indistinct or rather diffused silvery band, sometimes blackish. Specimens of this species were collected by John II. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A., in the Rio Salado, Rio Sabinal and Rio Medina, all three tributaries to the Rio S.in Antonio, and in the Rio Nueces also. It was likewise caught in the Rio Frio, a tributary of the Nueces by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Lieut. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 1856.] 201 10. MoNiANA coucHi, — resembles M. gracilis most ; is, however, distinguished from it by a less fusiform body and a much shorter head. This feature may be traced upon series of specimens of both species with an unfailing constancy. The eye is smaller also, and so is the mouth as might be deduced from the cha- racters just alluded to. From the vicinity of China, New Leon, Mexico ; collected by Lieut. Couch, U. S. A. 11. MosiANA RUTiLA, — has the general physiognomy of M. gracilis, from which it differs by a more advanced position of the dorsal fin and larger scales. Dorsal region greyish ; sides and abdomen golden. From Cadereita, New Leon, Mex. ; collected by Lieiit. D. N. Couch, U. S. A. 12. MoNiANA NiTiDA. — This spBcies differs from JI.eouchi by a more elongated and fusiform body, more elongated head and much larger eye. From M. rutila it differs by the same characters of the body, but the head differs by the flatten- ing of its upper surface. There are eleven longitudinal rows of scales upon the line of greatest depth of the body, five above and five below the lateral line. The latter, therefore, is nearly medial, forming but a slight curve upon the middle of the abdomen. Color pale red, sides of head and middle of the flanks silvery. Collected at Cadereita, New Leon, by Lieut. D. N. Couch, U. S. A. 13. Montana Formosa. — The prettiest species of the genus ; the body is ellipsoid in profile and the tail very much tapering. The region above the lateral line is blackish brown in the adult, and reddish brown in the young, occasionally also dotted with black ; the inferior regions are reddish yellow anteriorly and yel- lowish red posteriorly. Numerous specimens of this species were collected in the Eio Mimbres, Mex. 14. MoNiANA GRACILIS. — A Very graceful and slender species, resembling most J/, lulrensis, from which it however differs by a much smaller head and a more arched back ; the body itself is more compact. Ash grey above, yellowish white beneath ; flanks silvery. Specimens were collected near Monterey, New Leon, by Lieut. Couch, U. S. A. 15. Montana gibbosa. — May readily be distinguished from all its congeners by a short and arched body, resembling a cyprinodon as much as any fish we might compare it to. Pale reddish above, whitish beneath ; sides silvery. Specimens collected ai Brownsville, Texas, by Capt. Van Vliet, U. S. A. 16. MoNiANA TRisTis. — A slender and graceful species, subfusiform in profile, though the back is rather arched. The peduncle of the tail is long and of nearly uniform depth. The head constitutes about the fifth of the length. Eleven rows of scales, five above, five below the lateral line. Reddish brown. Brought home by Lieut. E. G. Beckwith, U. S. A. The " Fauna Boreali Americana " records under the name of Cyprinus (Abra- nis,) baltcaius, a species of this family, which bears a strong external resemblance to the large species of Luxilus, and so much so, that, on a superficial examina- tion, no one would hesitate to refer it to the latter genus. The structure of the pharyngeal teeth affords the most striking generic differences, as will be seen further on. In selecting for it the name of RICHARDSONIUS, we have borne in mind the eminent labors of the author of the work just referred to. We will characterize the genus by saying, that the body is very compressed, subelliptical or fusiform in its outline and deep upon its middle. The head is proportionally small ; the mouth terminal, slightly oblique, constructed as in Luxilus, but somewhat larger, yet unprovided with cirrhi or barbels. The eye is large. Isthmus very narrow. Caudal fin forked ; insertion of ventrals situ- ated in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. Anal fin longer than the 202 [September, dorsal, and its anterior margin situated anteriorly to the posterior margin of the base of the dorsal, in which respects it differs from Luxilus. The pharyngeal bones are narrow, with a slight expansion upon their convexity ; the teeth being of the raptatorial kind of the hooked type, strongly hooked, without grinding surface, instead of which a sharp but not crenated ridge. They are disposed upon a double row of four or five and two, as follows : 2 | 4 — 4 | 3, or 2 | 5 — 5 I 2. The present genus bears some resemblance to Squalius, from which it may be distinguished by the smooth edge of the dental ridge and the long anal, with its peculiar position in reference to the dorsal. The scales are also smaller and much deeper than long, which is not the case in Squalius. 1. RiCHARDSONius BALTEATUS. Abramis balteatus, Richards. Fauui Bor. Amer. iii. 1836, 301.— Storer, Synops. 1846, 160. The specimens before us were collected at Fort Vancouver and Fort Dalles, Columbia River, by Geo. Suckley, under Gov. I. I. Stevens. 2. RiCHARDSONius LATERALIS, — is more of an elongated and fusiform aspect than R. balteatus. The head is contained four limes and a half in the total length. The pharyngeal teeth are five upon the outer row, instead of four. Dorsal region blackish brown ; lower part of sides and abdomen silvery; upper part of sides provided with a black band extending from head to tail. Specimens procured at Fort Steilacoom, Paget Sound, "W. T., by Dr. Geo. Suckley, U. S. A., under Gov. I. I. Stevens. We adopt the genus Luxilus, Rafin. To include such species as are congenerical with Leuciscus chrysoleucus of Mitchill, and Luxilus chrysocephalus of Rafinesque. .It is one of the most characteristic genus of North American cyprinoid, and altogether misunder- stood by Heckel ; for, Cyjmnus chrysoleucus^ Mitch., which he places in his genus Lcucosomus, is generally distinct from Lmciscus imlchellus of Storer, as I have had the opportunity to ascertain. The diagnosis given to Leucosomus by its author, and the figures representing the pharyngeal dentition, leave no room for doubt. Leucoso7nus, therefore, is not synonymous with Luxilus, but was really es- tablished upon a species most intimately related to the one yet unpublished, and which is the type of the genus CheiJoncmus. The latter, therefore, must give way to Lcucosomus, a circumstance unavoidable and very much to be regretted, for it complicates the synonymy of both Luxilus and Leucosomus. We characterize as follows the genus Luxilus: " Body very much compressed, flattened laterally, and deepest upon the middle of its length. Head propor- tionally small and compressed like the body. Mouth small, terminal, unpro- vided with cirrhi or barbels. Eyes quite large. Isthmus small. Caudal fins forked ; insertion of ventrals situated in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. Scales large ; lateral line forming a very open curve, convex down- wards." Pharyngeal bones much stouter superiorly than inferiorly ; a slight expansion may be observed upon the convexity of these bones, extending up- wards. The teeth are of the bruising kind of the hooked type with a slight hook and a well developed grinding surface, both edges of which being strongly crenated. They are disposed upon a single row of five, thus : 5 — 5. The three uppermost (sometimes the upper two only), stand out in bold relief from the line of the bone. We meant to have observed, in speaking of the head, that the lower jaw fits into the upper one when the mouth is shut without protrusion of the snout, and that when the mouth is partly open, the lower jaw aj^pcars longer than the upper. 1. Luxilus americanus. — Cyprinus americanus, Lac'ep. — Cyprinus chrysoleucus, Mitch. — Leuciscus chrysoleucus, Storer. — Leucosomus americanus, Grd. — For a de- 1856.] 203 scription and a figure of this species, we refer to Storer^s " History of the Fishes of Massachussetts," in the fifth volume of the memoirs of the American Academy. 2. LuxiLUS coMPRESSus. — RutUus compressus, Eafin. Ichth. Ohiens. 1820,51. — KiiiTL. Rep. 169. — Leucisciis compressus, Kirtl. Bost. Journ. of Nat. Hist. iv. 1843, 306. PI. XT. fig. 2.— Storer, Synops. 1846, 157. 3. LuxiLUS OBESUS. — Leuciseus ohesus, Storer, Proc. Bost. Soc Nat. Hist, i. 1845, 48 ; and Synops. 1846, 166. — Stilbe ohesus, Agass. Amer. Journ. of Sc. 2d. Ser. xviii. 1854, 359. 4. LuxiLTJS occiDENTALis. — Leucosomus occidentalism B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philada. vii. 1854, 137. 5. LuxiLUS LEPTOSOMUS. — Outline regularly subfusiform ; the depth forming a little more than the fifth of the entire length. The head enters five times and a half in the same dimension. The anal fin is a great deal larger than the dorsal. The scales are larger than in any other species of the same genus. D 9 ; A 13+2 ; C 5, 1, 9, 8, 1, 5 ; V 9 ; P 15. Color greyish brown above ; light reddish beneath ; sides silvery. Forked margin of caudal, blackish grey. From Dry Creek, near Victoria, Texas ; collected by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, un- der Major W. H. Emory, TJ. S. A., Commissioner U. S. and Mex. Boundary. G. LuxiLUS SECo. — Body deeper than in L. leptosomiis ; depth equal to the fourth of total length. Head contained five times and a half in the same dimen- sion. Eye very large ; its diameter entering three times only in the length of the side of the head. Mouth small. Scales of moderate development. Light brown above, yellowish white beneath ; sides silvery. Specimens of this species were collected in the Rio Seco, a tribunary of the Rio Nueces, Texas, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Lieut. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A. 7. LuxiLUS LuciDus. — General form resembling that of L. seco. The head, however, is contained but four times in the length of the side of the head. The mouth is a good deal larger, whilst the eye is smaller. The scales, like- wise, attain to a greater development. The color is the same as in the preceding species, with the exception that the tint of the back has a greyish hue and extends more to the sides. Collected by H. B. MoUhausen, under Lieut. A. W. Whipple, TJ. S. A., in Coal Creek, a tributary of the South Fork of the Canadian River, and also twenty miles west of Choctaw Agency. In the Ichthyologia ohiensis we find the genus Semotilus, Rafin. which, though imperfectly characterised, leaves not doubt as to the species the author intended to include in it. Semotilus dorsalis and Semotilus ccphalus, are both well known species. S. diplemia, on the other hand, does not come under this head. The genus Semotilus we therefore restore with the following charac- ters : Head subconical, both jaws equal or else even anteriorly ; cleft of mouth slightly oblique upwards. The mouth itself being large, surmounted with soft lips and without barbels. The isthmus is rather narrow. The insertion of the ventral fins is situated in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal fin which is higher than long. The caudal is bifurcated. The scales, of moderate size. The pharyngeal bones are narrow, very slightly expanded upon the upper half of their curve. The teeth are of the voratorial kind, of the hooked type with- out grinding surface, stoutish, moderately hooked and disposed upon a double row in the following manner: 2 | 5 — 5 | 2; sometimes 2 | 4 — 5 | 2. Generally speaking, a black or brown spot may be observed at the base of the anterior margin of the dorsal fin. 204 [September, Besides the two species just referred to, the present genus will include : 3. Sbmotilus ateomacclatus. — Oyprinus airomaculatus, Mitch. — Leuciscus airo- muculatus of more moderu writers. Leuciscus iris, Val. in Cuv. ^- Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss. sii. 1844, 255, pi. 496. 4. Semotilus macrocephalus. — Easily distinguished by its very large head which forms more than the fourth of the entire length. Its body is very much compressed and tapering posteriorly. The scales are more uniformly imbricated than in S. airotnaculahis, in which there is a noted difference it that respect be- tween the anterior and posterior portions of the body. The species of this genus are generally very uniform ; the number of the rays of the fins hardly undergoes any variation. In the present species they stand as follows : D 9+2 ; A 9 + 2 ; C 6, 1, 9, 8, 1, 5 ; V 8 ; P 15. Two rudimentary rays in front of both the dorsal and anal, one of which very exiguous. Brownish grey above ; silvery white beneath. A black spot at the base of caudal also. Specimens were collected at Fort Pierre, Nebr., by Dr. John Evans, U. S. Geologist. 5. Semotilus speciosus. — A graceful and slender fish, subfusiform in its out- line, the head, which is conical and pointed forwards, constituting exactly the the fourth of the entire length. The ventrals are situated a little further than in S. atromaculalits. The scales of the dorsal region in advance of the dorsal fin are quite small ; and those on the thoracic region smaller than posteriorly along the sides of the tail. There are thirteen rays in the pectorals ; the number of rays in the other fins does not diifer from the preceding species. The dorsal region is reddish brown ; the abdomen is yellowish or whitish. A black vitta extends from the nose across the face and eye to the base of the caudal, where exists also a circular black spot, similar to the one upon the base of the anterior margin of the dorsal. Collected in the Sweet Water, a tributary of Platte or Nebraska River, by the late J. Soule Bowman, We come next to a small fish, constituting a new genus, not without analogy with the Gudgeons, differing from the true Gudgeons, by the absence of barbels either maxillary or buccal and a less prominent snout. We propose to call it TIAROGA, and characterise it as follows : Head small, subconical, depressed. Mouth obliquely terminal, of moderate size and without barbels of any kind. Upper jaw slightly longer than the lower. Eye of medium size. Isthmus very wide. Body slender, subfusiform, compressed. Fins are well developed ; dorsal and anal narrow and high ; caudal bifurcated. The insertion of the ventrals takes place in advance the anterior margin of the dorsal. The scales are small ; the lateral line, medial. The pharyngeals are similar to those in Gohio. The teeth are likewise of the same character : slender, subcylindrical upon their base com- pressed above, of the raptatorial kind of the hooked type, without grinding surface and disposed upon a double row of one and three, thus: 1 | 3 — 3 | 1. So far but one single species is known. Tiaroga cobitis. — About two inches and a half in total length, the head forming about the fifth of it. The eyes approximate the upper surface of the head which is rounded. The upper regions are brownish, with small blackish spots; the inferior regions are unicolor of a yellowish tint. A black spot upon the base of the caudal fin. Specimens collected by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, in the Rio San Pedro, a tributary of the Rio Gila. 1856.] 205 About three years since, the genus Gila, B. & G. was proposed, to include species whose body was subfusiform, compressed, with the back more or less arched, especially in large and old specimens, and some- times tapering very much posteriorly, with the peduncle of the tail very slender. The head being depressed and proportionally small, with its upper outline often concave ; the snout is elongated ; the eyes are of moderate size ; the isthmus small. The mouth is of medium size, the upper jaw overlapping the lower, so as to conceal its cleft from above. No barbels, or rudiments of barbels. The pharyngeal bones are well developed, the inferior limb, elongated, the upper one forming an open curve ; the'convexity being somewhat expanded, the expansion tapering along the upper and inward limb. The teeth are well developed, of the raptatorial kind of the hooked type, without grinding^surface, subcylindrical slightly compressed and disposed upon a double row of one or two and four or five as follows : 1 | 4 — 5 | 2, or even, 2 | 4 — 5 | 2. The ventral fins are inserted in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. The caudal is bifurcated. The scales are small on the dorsal region and of medium size on the sides, and longer than high. The lateral line forms an open curve along the middle of the abdomen. The species which we now include in this genus, are the following : 1. Gila robusta, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila, vi. 1853, 368; and in Siiffr. Rep. Zuni and Color. Riv., 1853, 148. Fishes, PI. I. From Zuni River. — Dr. Woodhouse. 2. Gila elegans, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vi. 1853, 3G9; and in Sitgr. Rep. Zuni and Color. Riv. , 1853, 149. Fishes, PL II. Specimens from Zuni River, collected by Dr. Woodhouse ; from the Colorado, collected by A. Schott, under Major Emory, and from the Gila, collected by Dr. Heermann, under Lieut. J. G. Parke, U. S. A. 3. Gila gracilis, B. & G. Proc Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vi. 1853, 369; and in Silgr. Rep. Zuni and Color. Riv., 1853, 151. Fishes, PI. III. From Zuni River. — Dr. Woodhouse. 4. Gila grahamii, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vi 1853, 389. From Rio San Pedro, a tributary of the Rio Gila — John H. Clark. 5. Gila emorii, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vi. 1853, 388. From Gila River, collected by Dr. John L. Leconte. "We separate from the genus Gila, under the name of TIGOMA, some species formerly excluded by us in other genera, to which we add a fev/ others not hitherto described. They all bear a general resemblance to Gila, from which they differ by a much smaller mouth, and larger scales, and those of the dorsal region, though smaller than on the sides, are not so disjjropor- tionate. The ventrals are inserted in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal, and the caudal is bifurcated. It is not deemed superfluous to state that there are no barbels at the angle of the mouth, and a characteristic of this o-e- nus as distinct from Gila, consists in its tei'minal mouth and even jaws. The pharyngeal bones resemble very much those of Gila, but the inferior limb is not quite so long, the convexity not quite so expanded, and the upper limb more curved inwards. As to the teeth, it requires a minute observation to detect a difference ; they are more compressed and more strongly hooked, otherwise of the raptatorial kind, of the hooked type either without a grinding surface, or else a grinding surface more or less developed. They are disposed in the fol- lowing wise : 2 | 5 — 5 | 2, 2 | 4—5 | 2, or 1 ] 4—5 | 2, and some intermediate formulas. A. Teeth without grinding surface. 206 [September, 1. TiGoMA PxiLCnEhtj&..— Gila puleheUa, B. & G, Pror. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Vii. 1854, 29. Prom Rio Mimbres, a tributary of Guzman Lake, Mex. — John H. Clark. 2. TiGOMA coNPORMis. — Laviniaconformis, B •& G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. 1854, 137. From Posa Creek, San Joaquin Valley, Cal. — Dr. A. L. Heermann. 3. TiGOMA BicoLOR. — 'A large species, the largest of the genus hitherto known to us. It is twelve inches in total length, the head forming the fourth of it. The greatest depth is nearly equal to the length of the head. The eye is subcircu- lar, and its diameter contained about six times in the length of the side of the head. The origin of the ventrals is situated but slightly in advance of the dorsal. The latter is higher than long throughout the genus. The scales are quite large. The dortal region is bluish grey ; the sides and belly are silvery ■white, sometimes golden, but always in contrast with the tint of the back. Specimens of this species were collected in Tlamath Lake, 0. T., by Dr. John S. Newberry, under Lt. Williamson, U. S. A. 4. TiGOMA ruRPCREA. — This is a much stouter fish than T. pulchella, which it resembles in other respects ; but its head is larger and its body shorter. The anterior margin of the dorsal is nearer the extremity of the caudal than the tip of the snout, whilst in T. pulchella it is nearer to the snout than the extremity of the caudal. The scales are also larger than in T. pulchella. The color is of purplish black above and on the sides ; beneath yellowish. Collected at San Bernardino, in the upper waters of Rio Huagui, west of the Sierre Madre, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly, under Major W. H. Emory. 5. TiGOMA INTERMEDIA. — Intermediate between T. pulchella and T. purpurea, more closely related however to the former than to the latter. The fins are much less developed, the inferior fins especially are quite small. Collected in the Rio San Pedro, of the Gila, by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A. 6. TiGOMA OBESA. — A very characteristic species by its short and deep body, its short and conical head, and its small fins. It bears a general resemblance to T. purpurea, but its head is much smaller. Color of dorsal region bluish grey ; upper half of sides dotted, lower half unicolor and yellowish white like the belly. Specimens of this species were collected in Salt Lake Valley by J. Soule Bowman. 7. TiGOMA HUMBOLDTi. — Rcsemblcs T. obesa by a deep and rather short body, but the latter is covered Avith much larger scales. The head and eyes are also much larger. The dorsal region above the lateral line is bluish or greyish black and so the upper surface of the head. The rest is red and golden, except a narrow blackish streak below the lateral line, extending from the thoracic belt to near the anal fin. Collected in Humboldt river by J. Soule Bowman, and Lt. E. G. Beckwith, U. S. A. 8. TiGOMA LiNEATA. — The general aspect is elongated, the body being subfu- siform, and the head small and conical, constituting a little less than the fourth of the total length. The ground color is yellowish ; the centre of the scales of the upper regions being black, the back and upper half of the flanks ap- pear as if marked with alternate lines of black and yellow. Specimens of this species were likewise collected by Lt. E. G. Beckwith. 9. TiGOMA GRACILIS — The body is elongated and compressed, subfusiform, re- sembling T. lineata, but the head is more elongated. The ventrals are inserted but a little in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal, whilst they are more so in T. lineata. In the latter the pectorals are short and broad ; in the present species they are narrow and elongated. The scales are smaller than in T. lineata. Bluish grey above and on the sides ; yellowish beneath. 1856.] 207 Collected by Lt. E. G. Beckwlth, U. S. A. B. Teeth provided with a grinding surface more or less conspicuous. 10. TiGOMA GiBBOSA. — OUa gibbosa, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii, 1854, 28. — Resembles T. -purpuren^ but its scales are a good deal smaller. Specimens were collected near Santa Cruz, by John H. Clark, under Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A. and at Tuczon, Sonora, by Dr. A. L. Heermann, under Lt. J. G. Parke, U. S. A. 11. TiGOMA NiGRESCENS — This is quite an elegant species, being elongated and slender like T. pulchella and T, gracilis. It differs from T. gibbosa by a more conical head and snout. The ground color is yellftwish, the body of the scales being covered with crowded black dots, the back and sides appear almost black, The belly is unicolor. In the young, the upper regions are lighter than in the adult. Specimens were collected in the Boca grande and Janos river, by Dr. C. B. Kennerly under Major W. H. Emory, U. S. A. 12. TiGOMA PULCHRA. — The body is gracefully elongated, in which respect it resembles T. nigrescens, from which it may be distinguished by its smaller head and larger scales. The color, moreover, is of a far more brilliant tj'pe : the dorsal region is reddish or blackish brown, the sides and belly of a uniform golden yellow ; a diffused black streak may occasionally be seen along the upper portion of the flanks, very likely more predominent in the male than in the female. Collected in Chihuahua River and tributaries, by John Potts, Esq., of Chihua- hua, Mex. 13. TiGOMA CRASSA — This species has a short and deep body ; the greatest depth being more than the fourth of the entire length. The head is small and conical, constituting nearly the fifth of the entire length of the fish. The scales are very large, higher than long and the lateral line deflexed upon the abdo- men as usually the case in this genus. The color of the back is bluish or purplish black, greyish black on the sides where the yellowish ground color appears ; beneath unicolor. Caught in the Sacramento River near Fort Reading, Cal., by Dr. John S. New- berry, under Lt. R. S. Williamson, U. S. A. Next to these numerous species in which the system of dentition seems to be in a unstable condition, we place the new genus CHEONDA, which has the general aspect of both Gila and Tigoma, by the position of the ventrals in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal, by the absence of barbels at the angle of the mouth, which is of moderate size. The body is elongated, fusiform in profile, and very much compressed. The caudal fin is bifurcated. The head is rather small and subconical, and the snout, though rounded, is yet elongated. The eye is large and the isthmus small or narrow. The scales being of medium size and the lateral line greatly deflexed upon the abdomen. The teeth are of the prehensile kind, of the hooked type, with a grinding surface ; they are compressed and disposed upon a double row of two and four and five, thus : 2 | 4 — 5 | 2. 1. Cheonda cooperi. — The fins are well developed and the anal is larger than the dorsal. Their formula is as follows : D 10-hl2 ; A 11 + 2 ; C 7, 1, 9, 8, 1, 6 ; V O-j-l ; P 16, The dorsal region is reddish grey ; the sides and belly silvery white, with a golden reflect. Collected at Fort Vancouver, Columbia River, by Dr. John G. Cooper. 2. Cheonda ccerulea. — May readily be distinguished from its congener by 208 [September, the presence of mitch smaller fin ; the anal Is a good deal smaller than the dorsal, and the ventrals a little less anterior, with reference to the dorsal. D 10+2 ; A 8-f 2 ; 6, 1, 9, 8, 1,5; V 10+1 ; P 16. Upper regions of a greyish azur ; inferior regions dull silvery white ; black dots scattered all over the back, sides and belly. Caught in Lost River, 0. T., by Dr. John S. Newberry, under Lt. R. S. 'William- son, U. S. A. There is another generic type, for which we have provided the name of , SiBOMA, composed so far of but two species, one of which originally referred to the genus Lavinia. It is to be recognized by a stout and somewhat compressed body, covered with large scales. The caudal is crescent-shaped posteriorly; the origin of the ventrals is situated a little posteriorly to the anterior margin of the dorsal, or immediately under it. The head is rather small, sloping towards a wedge-shaped snout, rounded superiorly. The mouth is of small size, horizontal, terminal, with jaws even. No barbels. Eye below the me- dium size. Isthmus rather narrow. Pharygngeal bones stout, expanded upon their convexity, with the inferior branch short and bent inwardly so that its extremity is directed outwardly, whilst the upper branch is slightly bent inwards. The teeth are large and very compressed, and terminated by a slender hook. They arc of the raptatorial kind, of the hooked type without grinding surface properly so called, but instead of a sharp edge along the inner margin of the teeth, a blunt and narrow ridge may be observed. They are disposed upon a double row of one and two and four and five, as fol- lows: 1 I 4—5 I 2. 1. SiBOMA CRASSiCAUDA. — Lavinia crassicauda, B. & G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. viii. 1854, 137. Specimens of this species were procured by Dr. A. L. Heermann, under Lt. R. Williamson, in the San Joaquin, Mercede and Mohave Rivers, Cal. 2. SiBoifA ATRARiA. — The largest specimen of this species which we have ex- amined is about seven inches in length, and although small, compared to the specimens of S. crassicauda, to which we had to compare it, yet the distinctive features between the two species appear very striking. And first of all, the imbrication of the scales in S. atraria, is such as to expose more of their surface than in S. crassicauda, and moreover the lateral line in S. atraria runs along the seventh row of scales from the insertion of the ventrals upwards, leaving eleven rows above it, to the base of the dorsal fin, Avhilst in ^S'. crassicauda, there are as many rows of scales below as above the lateral line. The absolute number of longitudinal rows of scales is the same in both species. The head is proportionally larger than in S. crassicaudu, but the fins are much less de- veloped. The ground color is olivaceous, the sides and the back being nearly black or brownish black, from the number of confluent maculae and dots. The fins itself are blackish upon an olivaceous ground. The sides and upper part of the head, arc likewise brownish black. Found in a spring, in Utah District, near the Desert, by Lt. E. G. Beckwith. The species which are arranged under the genus Ptyciiochkilus, Agass. remind us by their general appearance of both 3Iylocheilus and Mylopharodon. They have an elongated, subcylindrical and compressed body, an elongateel head, a mouth deejily cleft, but no barbels upon its angle. The upper jaw overlaps the lower, though the mouth remains horizontal and subterminal. The eye is of moderate size; and so with the isthmus. The ventral fins are inserted a little in advance of the anterior margin of the dorsal. The caudal is furcated. The scales,. of medium size ; the lateral line nearly medial. The 1856.] 209 pharyngeal bones are long and slender, slightly expanded upon their convexity, with the inferior limb much more slender than the upper. The teeth are of the raptatorial Icind, of the hoolied type without grinding surface, subconical, slightly hooked, and disposed upon a double series of two and four or five, thus: 2 I 4— 4 | 2, or 2 [ 5—5 | 2. 1. Ptychocheilus grandis. — Gila ffrandis, Ayvles, Vroc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc' i. 1854, 18. — Piychocheilus major^ Agass. Amer. Journ. of Sc. 2d. Ser. xix. 1855, 229. San Francisco, Cal. — Dr. Newberry. 2. Ptychocheilus oregonensis. — Cyprinus {Leuciscus) oregonensis, Rich. Faun. Bor. Amer. iii. 1836, 305. — Ptychocheilus gracilis, Agass. &. Pick. Amer. Journ. of Sc. 2d. ser. xix. 1855, 229. Specimens of this species were collected at Fort Vancouver and Fort Steila- coom, by Dr. Geo. Suckley, at Astoria, 0. T. by Lt. Trowbridge, and in Villa- mette River, by Dr. Newberry, under Lt. Williamson, U. S. A. 3. Ptychocheilus rap ax. — This is a large species too, differing from P. grandis by a proportionally shorter head, a more advanced position of the ventral fins and by much smaller scales on the dorsal region in advance of the dorsal. The inferior limb of the pharyngeal bones is not so long and slender, and there are but four teeth upon the main row, instead of five. The teeth and bones are stouter. Colors, blackish brown above ; whitish beneath. From Monterey, Cal. ; collected by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, TJ. S. A. 4. Ptychocheilus lucius. — A very characteristic species. The body is com- pressed, but the head is flattened or depressed and very much developed, con- stituting nearly the fourth of the entire length. The dorsal and ventrals are situated quite posteriorly. The scales are below the medium size, and the lateral line is bent downwards upon the abdomen. The pharyngeal bones are very slender ; the inferior limb is almost exiguous and proportionally as long as in P. grandis. There are, however, but four teeth upon the main row, instead of five, as in the case of P. grandis. Color bluish grey above ; silvery gclden beneath. Collected in the Rio Colorado, by A. Schott, under Major W. H. Emory, Commissioner U. S. and Mex. Boundary. 5. Ptychocheilus vorax. — The head is also depressed in this species, but it is much smaller since it contitutes the two-ninths of the entire length. The body is much deeper than in P. lucius, and the ventrals are situated more in advance of the dorsal. The dorsal itself is not situated so far back. The scales are very small upon the dorsal region between the dorsal fin and the occiput. Bluish above ; silvery beneath. Specimens were brought home by Lt. E. G. Beckwith, U. S. A. The precise locality, not known. APPENDIX, The following species are here recorded as complementary to the preceding ones. 1. Hybognathus REGIUS. — A large and beautiful species, the largest that has, so far, come to our knowledge, some of the specimens measuring seven inches in length. The body is gracefully elongated, compressed, fusiform in its outline. The greatest depth, taken immediately in advance of the dorsal fin is contained about five times in the length, or five, and a third of a time. The head is of moderate development, subconical, subtruncated, contained six times in the total length. The mouth is quite small. The isthmus, very narrow. The origin of the ventrals recedes a little from the anterior margin of the dorsal, 16 210 [September, which anterior margin of the dorsal, is nearer to the tip of the snout than the base of the central rays of the caudal. D 2+9; A 2+9; C 5, 1, 9, 8, 1, '7 ; V 8 ; P 15. There are thirty-eight scales in the lateral line ; six longitudinal rows above it, and four beneath, upon the line of greatest depth. Color brownish red above, pale reddish beneath ; flanks shining of silver and gold. Inhabits the Potomac River, and probably all the fresh waters of Maryland. It is commonly called Smelt, at Washington and vicinities, and Gudgeon at Baltimore and surrounding counties. 2. Hybognathus nitidus. — Leuciscus nitidus, Dekay, N. Y. Fauna, iii. 1842, 209. PL xxxiii. fig. 105.— Storer, Synops. 1846, 162. Collected at Westport, Lake Champlain. — S. F. Baird. HUDSONIUS. Body elongated, compressed, fusiform in profile, and covered with quite large scales. The lateral line being nearly medial. The head is of but moderate size ; the snout being subconical and rounded anteriorly. The mouth is subterminal, somewhat protractile, in which situation it is directed obliquely forwards and downwards ; when shut, the lower jaw fits within the upper, the snout being slightly protruding. There are no barbels about the mouth. The eyes are large ; the isthmus is small. The dorsal is higher than long ; its anterior margin is even with the insertion of the ventrals. The anal has a proportionally longer base than the dorsal. The caudal is deeply furcated. The pharyngeal bones are well developed ; the inferior limb is rather short, its extremity being flattened and slightly turned outwardly. From the middle of the convexity a sudden expansion occurs, tapering into the upper limb, slightly curved downwards. The teeth are of the bruising kind, of the hooked type, provided with a grinding surface. But there occurs many irregularities, being more or less hooked and the grinding surface more or less developed. It is not uncommon to observe all these variations upon the pharyngeal of a single specimen. The teeth are disposed upon a double row with the following variations : 2 | 4 — 4 | 2, 2 I 4—4 I 1, 0 1 4—4 I 2, or 0 I 4—4 | 1. 1. HuDSONius FLUviATiLis.— Clupea Imdsonia, Clinton, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. I. 1824, 49. PI. ii. fig. 2. — Leuciscus hudsonius, Dekay, Fauna, of N. Y. III. 1824, 206. PI. xxxiv. fig. 109.— Storer, Synops. 1846, 157.— Agass. Lake Sup. 1850, 272. Specimens collected in Chicago Harbor, Lake Michigan, and in the Root River, at Racine, Wise. — S. F. Baird. 2. HuDSONius AMARUS. — This species is closely allied to the preceding, from which it diS"ers by a smaller head and smaller eye. Its opercle is also broader compared to its height or depth. The head constitutes the sixth of the total length. The greatest depth taken immediately in advance of the dorsal, enters a little over five times in the total length. The coloration is nearly the same as in Jl.fluviatUis, with the exception that the black snot at the base of the tail disappears at a much earlier period. The species grows to a much larger size also ; we have seen specimens seven inches long, in which the satin band along the sides and the black spot of the tail had given way to a uniform golden hue extending to nearly the entire body. Caught in Chesapeake Bay, and as far up the Potomac River as Washington, where it is caught along side with Hijhognathus regius, and similarly called Smelt. Hybopsis, Agass. This genus was left rather vaguely defined by its author, for there are many genera in which "the mouth is protractile downwards, after the fashion of Catostomus" with the lips neither swollen nor thickened. And many other genera 1856.] 211 too, in which there is " only four or five compressed and hooked teeth in each main row, and one or two in a second row." What is really of generic value is left for us to conjecture, since we are not in possession of its typical species. The generic characters which we now offer are based upon Leu ciscus star erianus and a new species from Alabama, and should they prove generally distinct from H. gracilis, a new name will have to be coined for our species. Body elongated, compressed, subfusiform in profile, covered with rather large scales. The lateral line being straight, along the middle of the flanks. The head is of moderate size, subconical and rounded upon the snout which protrudes beyond the lower jaw. A barbel, inserted upon the anterior margin of the posterior extremity of the maxillar}', maj' he seen at the angle of the mouth. The eyes are large, th'e isthmus narrow. The dorsal is a little higher, and the anal deeper, than long. The insertion of the ventrals takes place opposite the second ray of the dorsal, hence very nearly under its anterior margin. The tail is deeply furcated. The pharyngeal bones have the same form and appearance as in Hudsonius ; the teeth are likewise of the same kind (bruising) and type (hooked with a grinding surface), but more irregular yet. Sometimes not hooked, the grinding surface contorted and nearly absent, or even resembling a truncated cone. They are disposed upon a double row of four and one : 1 | 4 — 4 | 1, or 0 j 4 — 4 | 1. This genus, it will appear, is intimately related to Hudsonius, from which it chiefly differs by the presence of barbels at the angle of the mouth, and by its straight lateral line also. 1. Hybopsis storerianus. — Rutilus Sioreriamis, Kirtl. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. I. 1842, 71. — Leuciscus storeriaiius, Kirtl. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. V. 1845, 30. PL ix. fig. 2.— STORER,-Synops. 1846, 265. From Marietta, Ohio. — Prof. E. B. Andrews; Eussellville, Ky. — Dr. Shumard 2. Hybopsis winciielli. — It is a shorter and more contracted species than the preceding. The head forming but the fifth of the total length, whilst it constitutes the sixth in II. storerianus. The eye and mouth are also larger ; the same is the case with the scales. The color is pale red with a silvery streak along the middle of the flanks. From Black Warrior River, Ala. — Prof. A. Winchell. '■ I CLINOSTOMUS. A genus instituted to include several new species, together with one pre- viously described as a Leuciscus. Its characters are as follows : Body elongated, compressed, subfusiform in profile. The head is compressed like the body, the frontal surface being very declivous and sloping towards a pointed rostrum, so that in profile the head is subtriangular, and if broader, would be wedge-shaped when seen from above. The mouth is very large, the lower jaw longer than the upper, beyond which it protrudes, giving to the cleft an oblique direction upwards. The eye is very large ; the isthmus, quite narrow. The dorsal is higher than long, and inserted on the space between the ventrals and the anal, a little nearer to the former than the latter in a vertical line. The caudal is deeply furcated. The scales are of but moderate development, varying con- siderably in size between the different species. The lateral line forms a down- wards curve upon the abdomen so as to bring its convexity nearer to the ventral than the dorsal outline. The pharyngeal bones are rather slender, the lower limb especially; a slight expansion may be observed upon their convexity; the upper limb being flattened, bent inwardly and either shorter or of equal length with the lower limb. The teeth are of the raptatorial kind, of the hooked type without grinding surface, and disposed thus : 2 | 4 — 4 | 2, or 2 | 5 — 4 | 2, and sometimes 1 | 4 — 4 | 2. This genus is more closely related to Ptychocheilus than to any other of the family. The pharyngeal teeth are constructed upon the same pattern ; the chief difference being found in the inclined cleft of the mouth, and the pro- trusion of the lower jaw beyond the upper. 212 [September, 1. Clinostomcs elongatus. — Luxilus elongaius, Kirtl. Rep. 1838, pp. 169, 193. — Bost. Journ. Nat Hist. III. 1840, 339. PL iv. 1. — Leuciscus elongatus, Dekay, Fauna, of N. Y. III. 1843, 214.— Storer, Synops. 1846, 161.— Val. va. Cuv. k Val. Hist Nat. Poiss. XVII. 1844, 494. — Leuciscus producius, Storer, Synops. 1846, 164. Inhabits most of the tributaries of the Ohio River. 2. Clinostomus fonduloides. — The body is proportionally much shorter than in C. elongatus, and less tapering posteriorly also. The head consti- tutes a little more than the fifth of the entire length. The greatest depth is equal to the length of the head. The eye is a little smaller than in any of its hitherto known congener ; its diameter entering three times in the length of the side of the head. The scales are a good deal larger than in C. elongatus. The color is of a pale red, with a silvery hue along the middle of the flanks, and a few scattered black spots. The specimens before us we caught in the creeks and inlets of the Potomac River, in the neighborhood of Washington, D. C, the largest of which measuring about three inches. 3. Clinostomus afpixis. — Resembles the preceding one in its general bear- ing. The body however seems to be more tapering posteriorly, the head larger and the mouth more deeply cleft, since the posterior extremity of the maxillary reaches a vertical line passing through the anterior rim of the pupil, whilst in C . funduloides the extremity of the same bone extends but half way between the anterior rim of the orbit and the pupil. The eye is a little larger also, whilst the scales are smaller. Inhabits the waters of James River, Va. — Collected by S. F. Baird. 4. Clinostomus carolinus. — The head is larger than in C. affinis, and the body more elongated, compared to the depth. The eye is a great deal larger, and the scales smaller. Blackish brown above, with scattered black spots ; reddish beneath ; flanks golden. From Salem, N. C. — Collected by J. T. Lineback and School. Specimens sent to the Smithsonian Institution. Alburnus lepidulus. — The most slender and elongated of the species hitherto known to us. The total length is about four inches, in which length, the depth enters a little over eight times. The head itself constitutes about the sixth of the length. The posterior extremity of the maxillary scarcely reaches the vertical line drawn in advance of the orbit. The caudal fin is a little longer than the head. The anterior margin of the dorsal fin is nearly equidistant between the tip of the snout and the concavity of the caudal. The pectorals and ventrals are rather small. A broad silvery band maybe observed above the lateral line. Specimens from Black' Warrior River, Ala. — Prof. A. Winchell. Plargyrus argentatus. — A specimen of this species is about three inches long, the head forming the fifth of the entire length. A vertical line drawn across the anterior rim of the orbit, intersects the extremity of the maxillary bone. The eye is large ; its diameter entering three times in the side of the head. The dorsal scales anterior to the dorsal fin are quite small, contrasting greatly with those of the side which are well developed. The anterior margin of the dorsal is nearer to the insertion of the rays of the caudal fin than the tip of the snout. The dorsal region is pale red, whilst the sides appear as if coated with silver. Inhabits the waters of James River, Va. — S. F. Baird. CERATICHTHYS, Baird. Body elongated, fusiform or subfusiform, somewhat compressed. Head flattened above, very declivous anteriorly with the snout rounded and over- lapping the lower jaw. Mouth moderate in size, subterminal and horizontal 1856.] 213 provided with a barbel upon its angle, and inserted upon the extremity of the maxillary bone. Eye approximating the upper surface of the head, and rather moderate in size. The isthmus is wide. The insertion of the ventrals is even with a vertical line drawn from the anterior margin of the dorsal fin. The latter is higher, and the anal deeper — than long. The scales are large, and the lateral line nearly straight along the middle of the flanks. The pharyngeal bones are pretty stout upon their convexity which is very slightly expanded, whilst the upper and lower branches are nearly equally developed, the latter however, more slender. The teeth are stoutish, compressed, of the prehensile kind of the hooked type, generally without grinding surface. Sometimes, however, a grinding surface may be observed upon some of the teeth which are subject to some variations being compressed or else subconical, generally hooked and occasionally conical. They are disposed upon a single row : 4 — 4 . 1. Ceratichthys biguttatus, Bd. — Semotilus biguttattis, Kirtl. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. III. 1840, 344. PI. v. fig. 1. — Leuciscus biguttatus^ Dekay, Fauna of N. y. III. 1842, 214.— Storer, Synops. 1846, 161. From Yellow Creek, a tributary of the Mahoning. — J. P. Kirtland. 2. Ceratichthys amblops. — Rutilus amblops, Rafin. Ichth. Ohiens. 1820, 51. Falls of the Ohio. — Rafinesque. 3. Ceratichthys leptocephalus. — A species easily to be distinguished from its congener, by its small head which enters four times and a half in the total length. The body itself is proportionally shorter than in C. amhlops especially. Its scales are likewise larger than in the latter species. The color is of a uniform blackish grey above, and greyish white beneath. Specimens were collected at Salem, N. C, by J. T. Lineback and School, and preserved in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. NocoMis BELLicus. — It is a more bulky and deeper fish than its con- gener from Nebraska. And what is still more characteristic, its head is smaller, hence its mouth smaller also. We could not detect the small teeth constituting the inner row, but supposed they got lost in the preparation of the pharyngeal bones. At any rate, whetlier lost or entirely absent, we have here a second species of the genus Nocomis. Color reddish above ; reddish yellow beneath, with an obsolete black spot upon the base of the caudal. Caught in the Black Warrior River, Ala. — Prof. A. Winchell. Description of the Byssus in the genus Unio. By Isaac Lea. Professor Kirtland published in the American Journal of Science for July. 1840,* some observations he had made on the anatomical and physiological characters of the Naiades, and was the first a few years before to have noticed, that at least some species of Unio, when very young, were anchored to some foreign substances by " a small silky filament" attached to the foot. I had casually observed the fact in a single instance, in Unio complanaius from the Schuylkill, but had not the opportunity of again witnessing it. The Professor followed up his discovery at different periods, and found thus attached the young of the following species ; viz., zigzag, elegans, dehiscens, ebenus, crassus, foliatus, pyramidatus, crassidens and gibbosus. The fact at the time was considered of great interest, and it was verj' much desired that further observations should have been made. Nothing has, how- ever, to my knowledge, been since published in connexion with the subject neither in this country nor in Europe. M. D'Orbigny discovered in the Rio Parana, South America, a very remarkable fresh water bivalve, which he named * Page 167 figs, a and b. 214 [September, Byssanodonta Paranensis, (V03'. dans I'Ameriqiie Merid.) This always remains attached by a byssus, proceeding from the foot. It has amterior and posterior adductor muscles. In the examination of the soft parts of a very large number of species of this family, from Georgia, which I have been enabled to do through the kindness of Bishop Elliott, I have noticed in the adults of two small species, a perfect bi/ssus attached to the lower portion of the foot, posterior to the base. In dissecting five specimens of Unio acuiissimus, nobis, from Etowah River, Georgia, I found in a full grown specimen, one and a quarter inches wide, a large fine byssits, fully an inch in length, thicker than a horse hair, quite flattened, semitransparent, and without any appearance of fibre, but rather hornlike. At the point of insertion in the foot, the filament is a little enlarged and rounded, and there is also at the same point the rudiment or remains of a second one. The other extreme end of this filament, where it was attached to the foreign sub- stance to which the animal had anchored itself, is evidently perfect, shewing the true length of the bi/ssus. At this end it is divided into four branches, undoubt- edly having been attached. Of the five specimens before me, one only has the byssus remaining ; but it is evident, from the fact that each of the others has a longitudinal cicatrix at the point of the former attachment, that every one had been furnished with a byssiis. I found also that the same kind of byssus existed in the adult of the closely allied species, Unio Conradicus, nobis, which accompanied the above from the same locality. There are three of this species, one of which has a portion of the byssus attached in the same manner, but evidently broken off and not being more than the fourth of an inch long. This filament is much more delicate than that described above, not being thicker than a human hair. It is not flattened, but rounded. Close to its insertion in the foot is a second one, shorter and probably the remains of a separate filament of attachment, the genus Pinna having in- numberable fine threads of attachment, the shell itself of one species being some- times found more than two feet in length. In all the eight specimens of the two Unioncs above mentioned, the impressed cut or cicatrix made by the byssus is very observable, so that there cannot re- main a doubt, but that they had all been attached until they had arrived at adolescence. As part of these were no doubt anchored when taken from the water, and part of them free and locomotive, it appears that it cannot be necessary to their existence that they should retain their normal condition of attachment. There are other allied species, forming with these a group, oi Vihich acutissimus is the type, which I have not had the advantage of examining ; but I have no doubt that those will all be found to be also anchored by a byssus, in the same manner. These facts will I hope draw the attention of the Zoologist more closely to ob- serve the habits of this family. Dr. LeConte, on behalf of the Committee appointed to revise the "list of members and correspondents of the Academy, presented a cor- rected copy of the list ; which report was adopted, and the Committee discharged. The Corresponding Secretary read his report for September. EliECTION. Mr. Wm. Gr. Binney, of Germantown, Dr. Wm. Smith Forbes, and Mr. Wm. Weightnian, of Philadelphia, were elected members of the Academy. 185G.] 215 October 1th, 1856. Mr. Ord, President, in the Chair. Letters were read — From W. Gr. Binney, dated Germantown, October 5th, 1856, ac- knowledging his election to membership. From H. W. Kennedy, dated Buenos Ayres, August 5th, 1856, transmitting specimens for the museum. On leave granted, Mr. Lea offered the following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted. Resolved, That the members of the triennial General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church, with their familieSj be invited to visit the Museum on public days, during their session in this city. Resolved, That an invitation be transmitted to the members of the United States Agricultural Society to visit the Museum on public days, during their session in this city. October l^th. Dr. Bridges, Vice President, in the Chair. Letters were read — From the Library Department of the Koyal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, dated November, 1855, transmitting donations. From the Royal Society of Sciences at Upsal, dated August 7th, 1856, acknowledging the receipt of the Journal (Vol. iii. part 2,) and the Proceedings (vol. vii. Nos. 2-7,) of the Academy. From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Naples, dated March 10th, 1854, accompanying vol. vi. of the Transactions of the Academy. Dr. LeConte presented a paper, for publication in the Journal of the Academy, entitled " Synopsis of the Melolonthidae of the United States, by John L. Le Conte, M. D. ;" referred to a Committee consist- ing of Mr. Schaf hirt, Mr. Guex, and Dr. Bridges. A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled " Notice upon the species of the genus Salmo of Authors, observed chiefly in California, by Charles Girard, M. D. ;" referred to a Com- mittee consisting of Drs. Morris, Hallowell, and Bridges. Dr. Leidy presented a paper, for publication in the Proceedings, en- titled " Notices of extinct Vertebrated animals of New Jersey, collected by Professor Cook, of the State Geological Survey, under the direction of Dr. W. Kitchell, by Joseph Leidy, M. D. ; referred to a Committee consisting of Drs. Le Conte, Hallowell, and T. B. Wilson. Mr. Lea exhibited two specimens of Uniones, illustrating his paper on the Byssus of the Genus Unio, read September 23d. On leave granted, Mr. Vaux moved that the Academy authorize the publication of the list of members and correspondents recently report- ed by the Committee appointed to prepare said list; which was so ordered. 216 [October, October 2\st. Mr. Ord, President, ia the Chair. Letters were read — From the Rev. M. A. De Wolf Howe, Secretary of the House of Clerical and Lay Deputies of the General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church, dated October 18.56, acknowledging the receipt of an invitation to visit the Museum of the Academy. From George French Angus, Secretary of the Trustees of the Aus- tralian Museum, dated Sydney, New South Wales, May 1st, 1856, offering exchanges. Referred to the Curators with power to act. From the Hon. W. L. Marcy, Secretary of State, dated Washington, October 1st, 1856, transmitting a collection of Books for the Academy, sent to the Department of State by Charles Huffnagle, Esq., Consul- General of the United States at Calcutta. From Joseph Barnard Davis, dated Shelton, Staffordshire, October 3d, 1856, acknowledging his election as Correspondent. The following papers were presented : — " Descriptions of new species of Birds in the National Museum, Washington, and in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by John Cassin;" referred to a Committee consisting of Drs. Leidy, Bridges, and Wilson. ''Notes on the Reptiles in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Edward Hallowell, M. D." " Notice of a collection of Reptiles from Kansas and Nebraska, presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Dr. Hammond, U. S, A., by Edward Hallowell, M. D." Both referred to a Committee consisting of Messrs. Cassin, Le Conte, and Vaux. " Notices of Remains of extinct Vertebrated Animals, discoverd by Prof. E. Emmons, by Joseph Leidy, M. D." " Notices of some re- mains of Fishes, discovered by Dr. Jno. E. Evans, by Joseph Leidy, M. D." Both referred to a Committee consisting of Dr. Bridges, Mr. Lea and Dr. Le Conte. October 2Sth. Dr. Bridges, Vice President, in the Chair. The Comittee on Dr. Le Conte's paper, read 14th inst., reported in favor of publication in the Journal of the Academy. The Committees on Drs. Girard's and Leidy's papers, read 14th inst. ; on Mr. Cassin's, and Drs. Hallowell's and Leidy's papers, read 21st inst., severally reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings of the Academy. 1856.] 217 Notice upon the Species of the genus Salmo, of authors, observed chiefly in Oregon and California. By Charles Girard, M. D. In the 21st volume of the " Histoire Naturelle des Poisons," published in 1848, Valenciennes subdivides the genus Salmo of Artedi, Linnaeus, and others into three genera: the salmons proper (^Salmo), the salmon trouts (Fario), and the brook trouts (Salar), each characterised by the number and arrangement of the vomerine teeth. This method we have applied to the species of the present synopsis, which is but an abstract of a more elaborate memoir to be published shortly, accompanied with figures of most of the species. Needless to say that the observations here recorded have all been made upon specimens preserved in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. The sources whence specimens were obtained, are enumerated under each special heading ; all being well known to the lovers and cultivators of Natural History. Genus Salmo, (Artedi), Valenc. Gkn. char. Body fusiform ; head large ; mouth generally deeply cleft, and. armed with conspicuous teeth. Pre-maxillary (intermaxillary) bones short and rather situated upon the sides of the snout than upon its extremity ; the max- illaries are attached behind them and composed of a single bone. The lower jaw is strong, and terminates frequently into a small knob or tubercle, which, in some species, acquires a very great developement. Strong and conical teeth, disposed upon a single row, are implanted upon the dentary. A f-ew teeth on the front of the vomer; none on the shaft of that same bone ; a single row of them is also observed along the palatines, and two rows upon the pterygoids and upon the tongue. There is one anterior dorsal fin, followed posteriorly by a small adipose more or less thick. The caudal is well developed, and either truncated posteriorly or slightly emarginated. Syn. Salmo, Artedi, Gen. Pise. ed. Walbaum, 1192, 58. — Valenc. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xxi. 1848, 166. The scales, on all the species, have that common character of being deprived of those radiating grooves or furrows which extends from the organic centre of the scale to its periphery. The concentric, or lines of growth, are the only ones extant, and, in many instances (in Salmo and Fario, especially), they are inter- rupted or else have become obsolete upon the posterior section of tha scales. In many instances, also, they have disappeared from the organic centre itself, which, under the microscope, appears perfectly homogeneous. Generally speak- ing, their outline is subelliptical, elongated in the direction of the longitudinal or horizontal axis of the body. Differences of minor value may be observed in each species. 1. Salmo scouleri. Rich. Faun. Bor. Amer. iii, 1836, 158 and 223. PI. xcvi. — Dekay New Y. Fauna, iii, 1842, 242. — Storer, Synops. 1848, 194. The " Ekewan" of the natives of the Columbia river. Is identical with the " Observatory Inlet salmon." A specimen collected by Dr. John S. Newberry, under Lt. W. R. Williamson, in the Des Chutes river, a tributary of the Colum- bia, 0. T. 2. Salmo quinnat. Rich. Faun. Bor. Amer. iii, 1836, 219. — Dekay, New Y. Fauna, iii, 1842, 242. — Storer, Synops. 1846, 196. — Common Salmon of Lewis and Clarke. Body fusiform in profile, compressed. Head forming about the fifth of the entire length. Maxillary bone curved, extending beyond the orbit. Dorsal region olivaceous, studded with irregular black spots ; dorsal and caudal fins 218 [October, similarly spotted. Region beneath the lateral line, nnicolor ; silvery along the middle of the flanks, and yellowish on the belly. Inferior fins unicolor. Head, aboTe blackish grey, its sides bluish grey. A specimen from Columbia river, was preserved by Dr. Geo. Suckley, under Gov. I. I. Stevens. 3. Salmo spectabilis, Grd. — Body subfusiform in profile, very much com- pressed, the head forming about the fourth of the total length. Maxillary bone curved, extending to a vertical line passing somewhat posteriorly to the entire orbit. Anterior margin of dorsal fin, a little nearer the extremity of the snout than the base of the caudal. Bluish grey above ; silvery beneath. Dorsal region and upper portion of the flanks spread over with light spots. By its general appearance, this species resembles Sal/no hoodii most, but may readily be distinguished from it by a more elongated and elliptical head, hence a mouth more deeply cleft, with the maxillary extending further back. Specimens collected at St. Mary's Mission, Flathead valley, Oregon, by Dr. Geo. Suckley, U. S. A., under Gov. I. I. Stevens. Genus Fario, Valenc. Gen. char. — All the characters of the salmons, differing from the latter by the presence of only one row of teeth upon the shaft of the vomer. Syn. Fario, Valenc. Hist. Nat. des Poiss. xxi. 1848, 27'?. 1. Fario aurora, Grd. — Red Char of Lewis and Clarke. — Body fusiform, com- pressed ; head forming the fourth of the length, the caudal fin excluded. Upper jaw longest. Maxillary gently undulating ; its posterior extremity extending to a vertical line passing considerably behind the entire orbit. Anterior margin of dorsal fin equidistant between tlae tip of the snout and the insertion of the caudal. Ground color greyish — silvery above ; sides and belly yellowish orange Dorsal fin spotted. Specimens collected at Astoria, 0. T., by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A. 2. Fario tscppitch, Grd. — Salmo tsuppitch, Rich. Faun. Bor. Amer. iii. 1836, 324. — Storer, Synops. 1846, 197. — Salmon Trout oi i\iQ settlers. Body very much elongated, compressed, fusiform in profile ; head forming about the sixth of the total length. Snout rounded, with the jaws subequal. Maxillary gently curved, dilated posteriorly, and extending to a vertical line passing slightly behind the orbit. Anterior margin of dorsal fin nearer the ex- tremity of the snout than the insertion of the caudal fin. Ground color of dorsal region olivaceous, clouded with bluish brown, and scattered about with round- ish black spots which extend over the dorsal, the adipose and the caudal fins. Upper surface of head bluish black. Sides and inferior region of the body unicolor, yellowish brown ; inferior fins unicolor also. Sides of head yellowish. A female specimen 26 inches long, caught at Fort Dallas on the Columbia River, Oregon, was skinned and preserved by Dr. Geo. Suckley, U. S. A., under Gov. I. I. Stevens. 3. Fario argyreus, Grd. — Body very much compressed, rather deep upon its middle region and quite tapering posteriorly. Head moderate, constituting the fifth of the entire length. Jaws equal. Maxillary slightly curved ; its free ex- tremity extending to a vertical line drawn posteriorly to the orbit. Anterior margin of dorsal fin nearer the extremity of the snout than the insertion of the caudal fin. Bluish grey above ; silvery along the middle of the flanks ; yellowish white beneath. This species is quite characteristic in its outline, since it is much more taper- ing towards the tail than in any other of its congeners. In other respects it re- sembles somewhat Fario aurora, but its elongated and low anal fin will distin- guish it from the latter at the very first glance. 1856.] 219 Specimens were collected at Cape Flattery, W. T., by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, U. S. A., and at Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound, W. T., by Dr. Geo. Suckley, U. S. A. o , , J J, 4. Fario gairdneri, Grd. — Salmo gairdnerii, Rich. Faun. Bor. Amer. iii, 1836, 221.— DeKay, New York, Fauna iii, 1843, 243.— Storer, Synops. 1846, 196.— Body fusiform in profile, very compressed ; head comprised four times in the length, the caudal fin excluded. Upper jaw longest. Maxillary curved, extend- ing to a vertical line intersecting the posterior rim of the orbit. Anterior margin of dorsal fin equidistant between the extremity of the snout and the base of the caudal. Caudal fin furcated. Back silvery grey ; sides silvery, and belly yellowish or whitish. Body obsoletely spotted with black; similar, but more distinct, spots on the dorsal and caudal fins. A purplish red tint is sometimes apparent over the middle of the flanks. A specimen collected in Klamath River, 0. T., by Dr. John S. Newberry, under Lt. W. R. Williamson, Top. Eng. 5. Fario clarkii, Grd. — Salmo clarhii, Rich. Faun. Bor. Amer. iii, 1836, 224 — Storer, Synops. 1846, 197. Body fusiform ; head well developed, forming the fifth of the total length. Maxillary slightly bent, extending to a vertical line drawn inwardly to the pos- terior rim of the orbit. Jaws equal. Anterior margin of dorsal fin a little nearer the extremity of the snout than the insertion of the caudal fin. Back bluish grey ; upper surface of head blackish grey ; sides silvery grey ; fins ash grey ; dorsal and caudal spotted. Upper regions of head and body studded with irregular black spots or specks. Specimens collected at Fort Dallas, Columbia River, by Dr. Geo. Suckley, under Gov. I. I. Stevens. 6. Fario stellatus, Grd. — Common trout of the settlers. Opkalloo, Wasco Indians, Body elongated and fusiform ; head well developed, contained four times and three-quarters in the total length ; jaws equal ; maxillary gently curved, reaching a vertical line drawn posteriorly to the orbit. Anterior margin or dorsal fin a little nearer to the snout than the insertion of caudal fin. Back light olive ; belly light yellowish white. Head, body and fins profusely spotted with black, giving it a very peculiar aspect, easily recognised amongst all the other species of the same genus. Specimens were collected at Fort Steilacoom by Dr. Geo. Suckley, U. S. A.; at Schoalwater Bay, W. T. by Dr. J. G. Cooper ; at Cape Flattery, W. T., Astoria and Humboldt Bay by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, and in Des Chutes River, 0. T., by Dr. John S. Newberry under Lt. Williamson. Genus Salar, Valenc. Gen. Char. — All the characters of the Salmons, but differing from them as well as from the genus Fario in being provided with a double row of teeth upon the shaft of the vomer, and none on the front of that same bone. Syn. Salar, Valeno. Hist. Nat. des Poiss. xxi, 1848, 314. 1. Salar lewisi, Grd. — Body rather thickish upon its middle region ; head moderate, constituting a little less than the fifth of the total length. Lower jaw longest. Maxillary gently curved, its posterior extremity reaching a verti- cal line drawn immediately behind the orbit. Anterior margin of dorsal fin a little nearer the extremity of the snout than the base of the caudal fin. Ground color of the upper region bluish grey, of the inferior region yellow or orange. The back, peduncle of tail, dorsal, adipose, and caudal fins, spotted with black. The belly and lower fins are unicolor, a deep orange hue existing along the rays and also in the shape of a dot upon the abdominal scales, and which disappears by long standing in alcohol. This is the trout alluded to in Lewis and Clarke's " Travels." They " caught (at the Falls of the Missouri) half a dozen trout from sixteen to twenty-three 220 [October, inches long, precisely resembling in form and the position of the fins, the moun- tain or specklrtd trout of the United States, except that the specks of the former are of a deep black, while those of the latter are of a red or gold color : they have long sharp teeth on the palate and tongue, and generally a small speck of red on each side behind the front ventral fins ; the flesh is of a pale yellowish red, or when in good order, of a rose colored red." — London edition of 1814, p. 192, 4to. A.nd further on, page 487, we read: "The mountain or speckled trout are found in the waters of the Columbia within the mountains ; they are the same with those found in the upper part of the Missouri, but are not so abundant in the Columbia as in that river. We never saw this fish below the mountains, but from the transparency and coldness of the Kooskoskee, we should not doubt of its existence in that stream as low as its junction with the south east branch of the Columbia." It would be an interesting point to compare, side by side, specimens caught in the Columbia, with those of the Missouri river. We should not be surprised if the result of such a composition should refer the specimens from the basin of the Columbia to Fario gairdneri. Specimens of this species were collected at the Falls of the Missouri River, Rocky Mountains, by Dr. Geo. Suckley, U. S. A., under Gov. I. I. Stevens. 2. Salar virginalis, Grd. — Body subfusiform in profile, otherwise compressed; head comprised about four times in the length, the caudal fin excluded. Jaws subequal ; posterior extremity of maxillary extending to a vertical line inter- secting the posterior rim of the orbit. Anterior margin of dorsal nearer the extremity of the snout than the insertion of the caudal fin. Greyish brown above with a purplish reflection and subcircular black spots ; beneath, olivaceous, unicolor. Specimens collected by the party under Lt. Beckwith, in Utah creek, and at Sangre de Cristo Pass, upper waters of the Rio Grande del Norte (Rio Bravo). 3. Salar iridea, Grd. — Sal-mo iridea, Gibbons, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc. i. 1855, 36. — Salmo rivularis, Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc. i, 1855, 43. — Body subfusiform in profile, otherwise compressed ; head well developed, constituting a little less than the fourth of the total length. Jaws subequal; posterior ex- tremity of maxillary extending a little beyond the orbit. Anterior margin of dorsal fin equidistant between the snout and the insertion of the caudal. Red- dish brown above, with small and numerous black spots ; yellowish white beneath. Specimens were collected in the headwaters of San Matteo Creek, Cal., by R. D. Cutts ; at Petaluma, Cal. by E. Samuels, near Humboldt Bay, by Lt. W. P. Trowbridge, and finally specimens obtained by Dr. Ayres, of San Francisco, under the name of Salmo rivularis, proved identical with Salmo iridea, of Dr. Gibbons. Dr. Gibbons' description was drawn from a very immature specimen, but has the priority over Dr. Ayres's appellation. The aspect of the male is quite diS'erent from that of the female, so that their identification requires a very close study of their intrinsic characters. Notices of remains of extinct vertehrated animals of New Jersey, collected by Prof. Cook of the State Geological Survey under the direction of Dr. W. Kitchell. Macrophoca, Leidy. 1. Macrophoca atlantica, Leidy. Based upon three specimens of molar teeth, obtained by E. Davis, Esq., from the miocene marl of Cumberland County. Genus belonging to the Zeuglodont family. Crowns of the molar teeth broader than the length, laterally compressed coni- cal ; anterior and posterior borders acute, the former with a series of two and the latter with four conical tubercles having denticulated borders ; inner and outer 1856.] 221 surfaces exceedingly roughened, especially towards the base, by longitudinally acute and broken ridges. Rout composed of an antero-posterior pair of fangs confluent half their length. Length of largest tooth 2i inches ; length of crown 10 lines, breadth 12J lines. PoLYGONODON, Leidy. 2. PoLYGONODON VETUS, Leidy. Based on a specimen of the crown of a tooth found in the marl (cretaceous) of Burlington Co., by L. T. Germain, Esq. Length three times the breadtli ; transverse section elliptical ; with trenchant borders ; with six planes on one side and seven on the other. Length 1^ inches, breadth J an inch. May it be an incisor of Mososaurus 9 IscHYRHiZA, Leidy. 3. IscHYRHizA MiRA, Leidy. Based upon an imperfect specimen of a remarkable tooth apparently of a fish, obtained by L. T. Germain, Esq., from the cretaceous green sand of Burlington County. Crown of the tooth when perfect, apparently, laterally compressed conical, invested with smooth shining enamel. Fang more robust than the crown, curved pyramidal, quadrate in section, with the base rugged and divided antero-pos- teriorly. Pulp cavity expanded within the fang, closed below, and narrowing towards the crown. Probable length of tooth when entire about 2 inches ; length of fang 10} lines, breadth of its base 8 lines. 4. Sphyr/ena speciosa, Leidy, Founded on a specimen of tlie crown of an anterior tooth obtained by E. Davis, Esq., from the miocene marl of Cumberland County. Posterior border of the crown nearly straight or slightly sigmoid, trenchant border minutely denticulated, sides towards the base striated, apex semi-barbed. Length 4 lines, breadth 2 lines. Edaphodon. 5. Edaphodon mirificus, Leidy. Based on eight specimens of upper and lower maxillary bones, found in the Green Sand of New Jersey. The superior maxillaries are 3f inches long in the median line and 2 inches wide posteriorly ; and they present the matrices of three teeth. The inferior maxillaries are 5.} inches long and 2| inches deep; and besides the matrices of the three large teeth, they present two or three apparent small ones near the apices of the bones, and another small one to the inner side of the largest tooth. I^otes on ike Reptiles in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Pkilad'a. By Edw. Hallowell, M. D. Fam. GECKOTID^^. Gen. Hemidactylus, Cuvier, Wagler, Gray, Wiegmann. Section Dactyloperes ou a pouce comme tronques (Peropus Wiegmann.) A. H. Dactyloperes a lames sous-digitales entieres. D. & B. Dumeril and Bibron mention but one species belonging to this division, viz., Hemidactylus ouallensis, inhabiting Oualan, Tahiti, Vanicoro and Tongatabou. It differs very materially from the one about to be described. I do not find any species of Hemidactylus inhabiting Jamaica in the Catalogue of Reptiles in the British Museum, by Mr. Gray. 222 [OCTOBER; Hemidactylus pr^signis, nob. Char. Mental plate large, and triangular ; immediately behind it a transverse row of four plates, the two exterior large, the two middle quite small ; seven to eight plates margin the upper jaw on each side, and as many the lower ; scales upon the abdomen much larger than those upon throat and neck ; in the latter regions granular ; color brownish above, lighter brown or grej'ish beneath. Description. The head is long and rather narrow, depressed in front, covered above with granulations larger upon the front ; rostral plate large, somewhat quadrangular in shape ; the nostril, which is more or less circular, situ- ated at its upper and external angle ; of the seven plates which margin the upper jaw the first appears to be the highest; these plates are all very dis- tinct, and more or less quadrangular ; the mental plate is large and triangular, broader than long; there are four plates immediately behind it, the two inter- mediate very small, the two lateral, which are in contact with the first inferior labial, quite large; the eyes are large, the pupil circular; auricular openings moderate ; body moderately st.) species with the abdominal scales granular, of which there is at present known but one, viz. Anolis camaeleonides. The subdivision a. is again divided into species in which the scales of the 224 ['October, sides are much smaller than those of the back and abdomen, (1 sp.) (6.) In which the scales of the sides are of about the same dimension as those of the back and abdomen ; this group is again divided into (a.) species in which the scales upon the upper and lateral parts of the body are mingled with tubercles, (1 sp. loysiana,) and (6.) in which the scales of the upper parts and sides of the body are homogeneous or not mingled with tubercles. This last division com- prises by far the greater number, viz., twenty species. The genus Anolis is exclusively American ; of the twenty-five species described by Dumeril and Bibron, two are from Surinam; five from Cuba, exclusively; one from Cuba and the United States ; one from Cuba and Mexico ; one from Cuba and Jamaica; five from Martinique, exclusively ; one from Martinique and St. Domingo, one from Chili; two from Brazil; two from the West Indies; one from the island of Tortola; one from St. Domingo, exclusively; one from Cayenne, and one of unknown origin. Of these twenty-five species of Anolis, Dumeril and Bibron represent at least one half as entirely new, (1837,) with the exception of two or three previously described by Wiegmann. One has since been described (1851,) by Prof. Aug. Dumeril, in the Catalogue Methodique de la Collection des Reptiles des Museum d'histoire Naturelle de Paris. (A. Heterodermus from New Grenada.) De la Sagra's work on Cuba contains figures of six species viz., vermi- culatus, Carolinensis, lucius, Sagraei, Loysiana, (A. cantholis,) Fernandina (CamEeliopsis,) (A. camfelionides, D. & B.) Daudin has figured two species viz. : A^ lineatus and punctatus. Anolis velifer is figured in Guerin Iconogra- phic du Fv,egne Animal, Tome 1, pi. 12. The Prince de Wied has figured two species of Anolis, viz.: A. gracilis, (nasicus,D . & B.) and A. viridis, punctatus, Daudin, according to Dumeril and Bibron. Among the reptiles belonging to this genus in the collection of the Academy, are several well known species, viz. : Anolis equestris, (5 sp.) A. camaelo- nides, (1.) A. carolinensis, (28 sp.) A. punctatus, (1 sp.) A. Edwardsii, (4 sp.) the last from Jamaica, and others from Cuba, Mexico and Jamaica, which we cannot make out as described in the systems. A number of these were collected in Jamaica at the instigation of my excellent friend. Dr. Caspar W Pennock, and generously presented by him to the Academy, and others by another friend, Dr. Betton, of Germantown. These are the more valuable, inasmuch as the Herpetology of Jamaica appears to be but incompletely known ; but one species of Anolis is described by Mr. Gray as inhabiting that island, viz. : A. stenodactylus. Anolis (Draconura, Wieg.) tropidogaster, Nob. Char. — Head of moderate size, covered in front with elevated scales or tuber- cles of neaily equal size; supraciliary ridges separated from each other by two rows of smaller scales ; four or five large unicarinate scales upon each orbit ; occipital plate not in contact with the supraciliary ridge ; temples covered with small granulations ; middle rows of dorsal scales the largest ; scales upon abdo- men strongly carinated ; color brownish, extremities banded with brown. Description. — This species of Anolis is readily distinguished by the remarkably strong carination of the ventral scales, being even more strongly carinated than those of A. carolinensis, resembling much the scales of Phrynosoma cornutum. The head is of moderate size, snout not prolonged; the rostral plate is broader than long, rounded above ; the snout is covered with elevated scales or tuber- cles, of nearly equal size ; the scales upon the front are unequal, tricari- nate ; this region presents a marked depression, bounded on each side by an indistinct ridge ; the supraciliary ridge on each side is constituted by a row of Jive large and very distinct plates separated from each other in the middle by two rows of smaller scales ; there is a group of four or five large unicarinate scales upon each orbit, bordered with others of a smaller size, with numerous granulations exteriorly, and a row of very small plates between these large plates and the supraciliary ridge ; occipital plate rather large, irregular in shape, very distinct, separated from the iupraciliary ridges by several rows of smooth scales; nostrils lateral, circular 1856.] 225 about a line from the extremity of the snout ; eight small quadrangular plates margin the upper jaw; 4/ teeth may be coanted in the upper jaw, the eleven or twelve posterior on each side tricuspid, the intermaxillary very small, the suc- ceeding ones pointed and conical, and considerably larger. 38-40 teeth in the lower jaw, the twelve posterior tricuspid; tongue triangular, more or less adhe- rent beneath, deeply notched posteriorly ; temples covered with very small granu- lations, a little larger above ; tj^mpanum of moderate size, scales on the flanks small and granular, much smaller than those upon the back, of which the middle rows are the largest; scales of the back carinated, not very dis- tinctly ; those upon the abdomen much larger than those upon the back, quad- rangular, and very strongly carinated; body and extremities slender; a well de- veloped gular pouch ; fingers and toes without any dilatation whatever; third and fourth fingers of equal length, fourth toe much the longest. Coloration. — Brownish above with a greyish tinge upon the body, extremities banded with brown ; abdomen whitish. Dimensions. — Length of head, G lines ; greatest breadth, 3 ; length of neck and body to tail, 13 lines ; tail mutilated ; length of forearm, 3J lines ; of arm, 3 lines ; length of thigh, 5 lines ; of leg, 6 ; of hand to extremity of longest finger, 3 lines; of foot to extremity of longest toe, TJ lines. An Anolis resplendens, D. & B? Habitat. — New Grenada. Anolis punctatissimus, nob. Char. Of moderate size, scales upon supra-orbitar ridges separated from each other by smaller polygonal scales ; from nine to fifteen carinated polyogonal scales upon orbit ; a well marked depression upon the occiput ; occipital scale sepa- rated from supraciliary ridge by four rows of scales ; temples granulated ; ab- dominal scales carinated ; tail much compressed ; color blue or light green, covered above and upon the sides with minute white spots ; total length about 0 inches. Description. Nostrils small, subcircular, their anterior margin about J a line from the extremity of the snout ; scales upon front polygonal, carinated ; those upon the supraorbitar ridge large, carinated, separated from each other by smaller polygonal and more or less carinated scales ; from ni7ie to fifteen or more conglomera- rated polygonal carin&ted scales over the orbit, surrounded with granules, the greater number external ; a very well marked depression upon the occiput ; the occi- pital plate, which is smooth, is subcircular, occupying the bottom of the cavity, and is separated from the supra-orbitar ridge by four rows of scales ; seven plates upon the upper jaw, the third or fourth quadrangular, and remarkable for its ex- treme length ;* temples granulated, auricular opening suboval, rather large, its posterior edge minutely denticulated ; no crest upon neck or body ; scales: upon sides granular, those upon back a little larger, especially the three or four rows upon the middle line; scales upon abdomen with rounded posterior margins, im- bricate, carinated, much larger than those upon sides and back ; tail much com- pressed, larger than head, neck and body, verticillate, covered with carinated scales, the four or five inferior rows much the largest, its superior and inferior margins denticulated ; from sixteen to nineteen lateral rows of verticillate scales may be counted, larger than the rest, the posterior extremity of the tail being destitute of them ; scales along superior border of thighs and forearms very dis- tinctly carinated ; a longitudinal fold under the throat. Coloration. Snout, front and sides of head whitish, with a tinge of yellow ; body above and upon the sides light blue, (probably green during life,) covered all over with white spots ; tail yellowish ; no black marks or lines upon the body. Dimensions. Length of head 9 lines ; greatest breadth 5; length of body to vent \\ inches; of anterior extremities to extremity of longest finger 1 inch ; of pos- terior to extremity of longest toe 1 inch 9 lines; of tail 4^ inches ; total length 6^ inches. * Not a constant character ; in another specimen eight plates. 17 226 [October, Habitat. Jamaica, Three specimens, two adult and one young presented by Dr. Betton, Gen. Remarks. This species, although it might, with some propriety, be named punctatus, from the great number of small white spots with which it is covered, differs entirely in appearance from the punctatus of Daudiu, of which we have one specimen from Surinam. The head in punctatus is much longer, the neck more contracted and the body and tail longer. The scales on the front of the head are smooth in punctatus, carinated in punctatissimus, and their shape and general arrangement are very different; the row of plates above the supra-labials are larger in the former species ; the scales upon the flanks are oblong in punc- tatus, those upon the back flattened ; the tail is altogether difi'erent ; it is sub- round in punctatus, with smooth scales, without verticillse, and the much larger row of scales along the median line. The one is an inhabitant of Jamaica the other of Surinam and Brazil. Anolis leucocephaltjs, nob. Char. Of larger size than usual among the smaller species of Anolis ; head much depressed in front, covered with large and smooth polygonal scales ; scales of supra orbitar ridge in contact at the middle ; temples covered with polygonal scales ; upon sides suboval, smooth, larger than those upon back and abdomen, interspaces filled with small granules; abdominal scales smooth; no dorsal crest ; tail compressed cyclo-tetragonal at base ; color whitish with blotches of green. Description. Head long and narrow, depressed in front, where it is covered with large and smooth scales, much larger than in most other species of Anolis ; scales upon the snout on the contrary very small ; nostrils small, suboval, their anterior margin a line from the extremity of the snout, situated on the side of a slight prominence, just within the ridge extending from the anterior margin of the orbit to below the nostril and terminating at its anterior border ; the supra- orbitar ridge is composed of four or live large scales ; they are in contact at their middle, but not anteriorly or posteriorly ; the supra-orbitar ridge is not prolonged anteriorly, the front, as before stated, being covered with smooth and large scales; differing more or less in shape; ten or eleven quadrilateral plates may be counted upon the margin of the upper jaw, 44 teeth in the lower, the ten an- terior on each side pointed, the 12 posterior tricuspid ; 36 in the upper, eighteen on each side, the ten anterior pointed, the rest tricuspid ; tongue slender, deeply notched posteriorly, entire in front, three rows of smooth scales upon the side of the head, between the supra-orbitar plates and the anterior orbitar ridge ; temples covered with smooth polygonal scales, the .ntperior and posterior roics the largest; auricular openings of moderate size, suboval, not denticulated ; scales upon the sides suboval, smooth, separated from each other, the interspaces /died with small granides ; these lateral scales are larger than those upon the back and abdomen; those upon the neck and back are more closely united ; subround or polygonal ; those upon the abdomen for the most part quadrangular, perfectly smooth ; no crest upon the back or neck ; a large goitre extending from the chin as far as the abdomen ; a veiy large portion of its surface w]\en distended appears to be desti- tute of scales ; the scales upon the under part of the thighs and in front of the arms, as well as upon the under part of the anterior extremities are quite small, having the appearance of granulations ; those along the superior margin of the thighs are quite large. Extremities slender; tail cyclo-tetragonal at base, compressed in the rest of its extent; longer than head, neck and body, slightly denticulated above, verticillate, seven distinct vertical rows of scales larger than the rest; four or five rows upon the under part of the tail strongly cari- nated. Coloration. General color whitish, with blotches of green ; abdomen white, with a shade of green ; throat yellowish white ; in another and smaller specimen the white is more pure and the blotches brown. Dimensions. Length of head 8 lines ; greatest breadth 5 lines ; length of body 1856.] 227 2 inches 9 lines ; of anterior extremities 9 lines ; of posterior extremities 1 inch ; of tail 3J inches ; total length 6 inches and ^. Habitat. Jamaica. One specimen presented by Dr. Caspar W. Pennock, the other without a label. Gen. Remarks. The scaling of the frontal region is so entirely different from that of the other species of Anolis being composed of flat and large polygonal plates, that with the large size of the scales upon the sides of the body, larger than those upon the back and abdomen, being just the reverse of what obtains in most of the other species of Anolis, it might, with some degree of propriety be considered as belonging to a subgenus ; but as the multiplication of subgenera in our opinion tends only to confusion, and to discourage the young naturalist, and is in fact, at variance with a true and philosophical study of nature, we pre- fer not making one, leaving it to be placed in a group different from those already recognized, viz , with scales upon the sides larger i\\a.xi those upon the back and abdomen, and larger and flat plates upon the head. There can be no doubt, we think, that Anolis leucocephalus is a species new to Herpetology, the only one closely approaching it being that recently described by Prof. Aug. Dumeril, in his Catalogue Methodique de la Collection des Reptiles du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, p. 59. (Anolis heterodermus, A. Dum.) who observes that the only species of Anolis previously described with scales upon the sides, surrounded with small granulations is the Anolis camajleonides or Chamelopsis Fernandina of Cocteau figured in de la Sagra's splendid work ou the Natural History of Cuba. Mr. Dumeril's species is found in New Granada, and differs from leucocephalus in having a small denticulated carina upon the neck and back, in its carinated scales upon the tail, in the absence of a large goitre, and the presence of the voluminous scales upon the supra-orbitar ridges, and the margins of the snout. Anolis sericeus, nob. Char. Head small, scales upon muzzle carinated ; supra-orbitar ridges sepa- rated from each other by several rows of scales ; supra-orbitar scales nine in number; temples covered with granulations; scales upon back and abdomen carinated ; tail not compressed, long ; color brown, extremities banded and blotched with brown ; brown bands upon the tail ; total length 4| inches, Description. The head is small, with a marked depression in front ; the nostrils are quite small, circular, about half a line from the extremity of the snout ; situated upon the side of a well marked prominence above and within the line of the orbitar ridge, which does not extend so far as the nostril ; scales upon the muzzle carinated, much smaller than those upon the front, which are subequal, polygonal, the exterior ones larger than those at the bottom of the cavities above mentioned ; supra-orbitar ridge low, in contact tvith the si/pra-orbitar scales, and separated Jrom each other by several rows of scales; supra-orbitar scales nine in number ; occipital scales thickly conglomerated, forming an .almost tri- angular patch with the occipital in the middle, not depressed, and separated from the supra-orbitar ridge by a row of three or four scales ; temples covered with granulations; nine quadrangular plates upon the upper jaw ; auricular openings quite large, suboval, not denticulated ; tympanum distinct ; body slender without a crest ; scales upon the sides granular, smaller than those upon the back, which are imbricate and carinated; those upon the abdomen much larger than those upon the sides and back, quadrangular and very distinctly carinated ; extremi- ties slender, covered above with carinated scales, very strongly marked upon the thighs, below with granulations ; tail very long, round and thicker at base, not com- 2)ressed, tapering gradually to a point. Coloration. Predominant color brown ; a small brownish blotch upon the oc- ciput, a much larger one across the neck, commencing behind the auricular openings and interosculating with one upon the anterior portion of the back ; extremities banded and blotched with brown ; brown bands upon the tail ; under parts black, spotted and blotched with brown. Dimensions. — Length of head 6 lines ; greatest breadth 4 lines ; length of body 228 [OCTOBERj 10 vent 1 inch 2 lines; of tail 3 inches; of anterior extremities 10^ lines ; of posterior IJ inch. Total length 4 inches 8 lines. Habitat. — El Euceros le Jalapa, Mexico. One specimen, presented by Mr. Pease. Gen. Remarks. — In A. Sagrcei the supra-orbitar ridges are in contact. Anolis acutus, nob. Char. — Head long and slender, with a longitudinal depression in front ; snout prolonged, acute, supraciliary ridges in contact ; temples granulated ; dorsal scales carinated ; the two or three middle rows the largest ; abdominal scales carinated ; tail much compressed ; color brownish. Description. — Head long and slender, with a longitudinal depression in front ; snout prolonged, acute, rounded anteriorly ; nostrils of moderate size, circular, their anterior margin nearly three-fourths of aline from the snout; they are situated upon a prominence, above and within the extremity of the supra-orbitar ridge ; scales in the depression immediately behind the nostrils smaller than those upon the snout; behind the latter a double row of large smooth hexagonal scales ; these are a continuation of the supra-orbitar ridge, which is composed of five or six large and smooth scales, the anterior one the largest; these ridges are closely in juxtaposition ; the scales at the bottom of the frontal cavity are much smaller than those forming its borders; occipital plate longer than broad, sub- oval, surrounded with scales, its anterior angle almost in contact with the pos- terior border of the supra-orbitar ridges; eight quadrangular plates along the margin of the upper jaw ; three or four rows of scales between the superior marginal labial plates and the sapra-orbitir ridge; temples covered with granulations ; auricular openings large, circular, not distinctly denticulated ; scales upon flanks granu- lar, much smaller than those upon back and abdomen ; dorsal scales carinated, larger than most of those upon the back ; a moderately developed gular pouch extend- ing from the chin to the abdomen; extremities slender; tail much compressed, except at the base., verticillate, the verticilke near the root about 1| lines apart; three or four rows of large and carinated scales beneath the tail ; under surface not denticulated, upper very slightly; scales upon superior margin of arms and thighs slightly carinated ; posterior surface of thighs covered with granulations. Coloration. General tint chocolate brown above with a tinge of green ; under parts bluish ; two brownish lines en chevron upon the neck ; a brownish inter- rupted line stretching across the occiput ; body brown spotted ; snout of a lighter brown. Dimensions. Length of head 9 lines ; greatest breadth 5 ; length of body to vent I2 inch; (tail mutilated.) Habitat. Cuba ? Gen. Remarks. This species would appear to correspond with A. nasicus, D. k B., but in that the ventral scales are smooth. Anolis augusticeps, nob. Char. Head long and narrow, temples granulated ; scales upon back and abdo- men smooth ; tail moderately compressed, with a larger row of scales above along the median line ; color light pea green, with numerous black spots and undulating lines. Description. Head long, narrow, snout acute, rounded in front ; anterior mar- gin of nostril situated about half a line in front of extremity of the snout; nos- trils latero-superior, the prominence, which is usually observed near the ex- tremity of the snout, beng in this species scarcely observable : supra-orbitar ridge composed of four or five large scales, in contact in front, separated in the middle by three very small scales ; occii)ital plate much longer than broad, sur- rounded by polygonal scales differing much in size, separated laterally and anteriorly from the supra-orbitar ridge on each side by a small plate ; eight or nine plates along the margin of the upper jaw, on each side four or five poste- rior teeth larger than the others ; temples covered with granulations ; external 185G.] 229 openings of the ears small, not denticulated ; neck and body without a crest ; a moderately developed gular pouch ; body slender ; flanks covered with granula- tions smaller than those upon the back, which are smooth; ahaommal scales larger than those upon the flanks and back, smooth; tail of moderate length, cyclo-tetra- gonal at base, moderately compressed, presenting a row of scales above along the median line, much larger than the rest, and below four rows of large scales strongly carinated ; extremities slender. Coloration. General tint light pea green above, with numerous black spots and undulating lines ; thighs black spotted posteriorly ; head above dusky white ; abdomen white ; throat white, black spotted. Dimensions. Length of head 1 lines ; greatest breadth 3 ; length of body to vent 11 lines; (tail mutilated.) Habitat. Cienfuegos, Cuba. One specimen prestented to Mus. Acad, by Capt. Baker. Anolis Sagr^i, D. & B. Char. — Scales upon muzzle tricarioate, temples covered with granulations and larger scales; supra-orbitar ridges not in contact; occipital plate well defined, suboval, separated from the sui'ra-orbitar ridge by three or four rows of scales; dorsal and abdominal scales carinated; tail compressed, a row of scales much larger than the others along the median line above ; beneath four rows of iHrger scales more strongly carinated, the two inferior the largest: Color whitish with a tinge of green or brown. The young with green triangular markings along the back and tail. Description. — Head small, snout not prolonged, nostrils small, subcircular, about three-fourths of a line from the extremity of the snout ; nostrils lateral, situated upon the side of a slight prominence ; supra-orbitar ridge composed of four or five scales, of which the anterior one is much the largest; this ridge is continuous with a curvilinear one upon the front, unitirg with that of the oppo- site side at the posterior extremity of the snout, at its middle forming the ex- ternal boundaries of a slight depression upon the front, at the bottom of which are several smaller scales; scales upon the muzzle smaller than those upon the from, tri-carinate ; seven supra-orbitar scales, four of them quite large, sepa- rated from the supra-orbitar ridge by a single row of small scales in contact at one point only; occipital plate well developed, suhoval, surrounded by small scales, sepa- rated from the supra-orbitar ridge by three or four rows ; supra-orbitar ridges not in contact; seven distinct quadi angular plates upon the upper jaw; five upon the lower; temples covered u'ith granulations and larger scales; auricular openings circular, denticulated anteriorly ; of moderate size; tympanum distinct ; scales upon the flanks quite small, granulated, smaller considerably than those upon the back, tvhich are carinated; abdominal scales quadrangular, carinated, much larger than those upon the back ; no crest upon neck or body ; ex'remities slender; tail (mutiUted,) scales carinated, a single dorsal roiv much larger than the others, four inferior rows lart;er and more strongly carinated than the other scales ; the two middle ro*s the largest ; a small gular pouch. Coloration. — Above whitish with a tinge of green, tilotched with olive; sides marked with white spots and fascia;; under parts whitish with a tinge of green. Dimensions.— Length of head 5 lines ; greatest breadth 3 lines ; length of body 11 linfs; of tail ; of anterior extremities 7 lines; of posterior 13 J. JIahilat. —Cienfuegos, Cuba. Two specimens presented by Capt. Baker. In a smaller but more perfect specimen, the tail is longer than the head, neck and body, the former being 1 inch 4 lines in length, the latter 1 inch 8 lines, compressed laterally ; in its posterior half very slender, almost filamentary. Dimensions of a larger specimen. Length of head 7 lines ; greatest breadth 4 lines ; length of body to vent 1 inch ^ lines ; tail mutilated The coloration of this specimen is whitish, with narrow br -wn interrupted bands upon the neck, with brownish longitudinal bands along the flanks, and transverse white spots and fascite ; extrenaities banded with browa above; under parts white without spots; in another there are dark triangular spots which coalesce upon the tail 230 [October, including hexagonal patches of white; extremities banded with olive, under parts white. Habitat the same. The specimens thus marked are probably the young, and we are inclined to think are, as well as the larger brown-colored specimens, identical with Anolis Sagraei. Another specimen of intermediate size, characterized by the same difference in form of the scales and granulations upon the temples, tricarinate scales upon the front and muzzle, and carinated scales upon the back and abdomen, prpsents a coloration very much resembling that of fig. 2, in pi. xiii. of De la S«gra's work, viz., on each side of the body and tail a row of dark-coloied undulated markings, and dark-colored bands upon the extremities ; but the scales upon the head and body in this figure are not represented as carinated. In Sagraei, as before mentioned, the supra-orbitar ridges are represented by Dumeiil and Bibron to be in contact; but in the text of De la Sagra's work, they are represented to be separated by a single row of scales ; in our specimens we find one intermediate row of large scales, or two smaller rows, one of which is more or less imperfect. Anolis heterolepis, nob. Among the specimens in the collection of the Academy is one which at first, from the triangular markings upon the back, I supposed to be the young of the preceding species, but on a closer examination I find that it differs very materi- ally in the following parliculars : 1st. The snout is evidently less acute, more depressed, and is covered with smaller scales; the scales between the supra- orbitar ridges anteriorly are much smaller, there being but two rows in Sagraei and five in the species now under consideration ; the occipital plate is larger ; the granulations upon the flanks are much smaller and smooth instead of being cari- nated, and the ventral scales are smooth, whereas in Sagraji they are very dis- tinctly carinated. The tail is considerably longer than the head, neck and body, cyclo-tetragonal at base, compressed in the greater part of its extent, quite slender posteriorly, with transverse rows of larger scales resembling verticillae, about a line apart; the three or four rows of scales beneath much larger than the others and strongly carinated. The present species differs also in a marked manner from Sagraei in having the plate immediately beneath the first infra-labiaf and behind the mental, much smaller,* this plate being remarkably large in Sagraei — and in having the scales upon the chin between the inframaxillary rows of scales much smaller. We propose for this species the name of Anolis heterolepis. It is at once distinguished from angusticeps by the long and narrow head of the latter. Coloration. — Light pea green above, with triangular spots of a deeper shade on each side of the median line of the back, the apices t'luching each other; chin and throat marked with green, presenting in the latter region irregularly longitudinal lines ; somewhat similar markings upon the occiput, and a green colored blotch upon each temple ; under parts of body and extremities white with a tinge of green, more marked upon the abdomen. Dimensions. — Length of head 6^ ''nes ; greatest breadth SJ ; length of neck and body to vent 13 lines; of tail 2 inches 9 lines. Total length 4 inches 4.} lines. Habitat. — Cienfuegos, Cuba. One specimen, presented by Capt,, Baker. Adienda. — In comparing the different species of Anolis above described viith each other, the following remarks may aid in their future determination : — equestris, camitleonides, Edwardsii and Carolinensis, are so distinctly charac- terized as to be readily recognized from the descriptions of authors, more especially of Dumerii and Bibron, the admirable descriptions of Bibron of these and the many other species throughout the work being beyond all praise. In xericeus the middle dorsal rows of scales are not sensibly larg r than the others, and there is no larger row of scales along the middle line of the tail above ; the *This plate is also small in A. sericeus. 1856.] 231 tail is round -in Sagrfei it is high and very much compressed, with a dorsal row of larger scales. In acutus the scales upon the abdomen are indistinctly cari- nated, in tropidogaster strongly; the scales upon the frontal region are smooth in acutus, tricarinate in tropidogaster ; tbe supraciiiary ridges are closely in contact in acutus, separated by two rows of scales in tropidogaster. But although these species resemble each other much in color, the most marked point of difference is in the toes, wbich are dilated in acutus, as they most com- monly are in the genus Anolis, but not in tropidogaster. Angusliceps is readily recognized by its small size and narrow head ; heterolepis, by its smooth ventral scales and triangular markirgs, and the arrangement of scales upon the temples, which are composed of granulations and larger scales, as in Sagraei. The two median dorsal rows of scales in acutus are sensibly larger than the others, and the two plates behind the mental, beneath the first and second or pre-labials, broader than those which succeed them. After a careful comparison of the descriptions of the species in Dumeril and Bibron, I do not find any which present the saujc characters as those given above. Besides these, Mr. Gray has described seven species, viz. : A. occipi- talis, porcatus, flavescens, lineatopus, stenodactylus, reticulatus, aeneus. Of these the habitat of porcatus is Cuba ; that of aeneus, tropical America. Of the species of which an account is given by me, the most remarkable is A. leuco- cephalus, from the anomalous form of the plates upon the head and the scales upon the body, those upon the sides contrary to what usually obtains, being much larger than those upon the back and abdomen. Anolis alligator, Dum. et Bib. Char. — Head resembling closely that of Alligator; supra-orbitar ridges closely in contact; occipital pla'e in contact with the supra-orbitar ridge; scales upon temples ot unequal size, with an anterior marginal row of larger scales; two or three middle dorsal rows of scales larger than the others; small granules inter- spersed between the scales upon tbe body ; ventral scales smooth ; no dorsal or caudal crest; tail slender, slightly compressed at its middle ; color dark bluish, with black maculaiions; a black spot beneath each axilla. Description. — Head not elongated, stout, thick at base, front very slightly ridged, with a depression in the middle, covered as well as the muzzle with rough but not carinated scales ; rostral broad and narrow ; immediately behind it two large quadrangular plates, with a smaller one between ; posterior to this transverse row two longitudinal rows of quadrangular plates ; front covered with polygonal plates of unequal size, many of them quite large; nostrils large, subeircular, rather more than half a line from the extremity of the snout, situ- ated within the continuation of the supra-orbitar ridge, at the anterior extremity of a slight prominence ; supra-orbitar ridge composed of five large plates, rough, but not carinated, with two smaller ones bebiud the anterior by far the largest; the two ridges closely in contact; from five to eight or nine supra-orbitar plates not carinated, separated from the supra-orbitar ridge by a single row of small scales; occipital plate urceolate, with large scales laterally, smaller ones behind, i?i contact in front with the supra-orbitar ridges; eight quadrilateral plates margin the upper jaw on each side ; three rows of scales above the marginal plates, in front of the orbit, the inferior the largest ; scales upon the temples of very unequal size, with a distinct anterior marginal row of larger scales ; auricular openings rather large, denticulated ; body rather stout, covered above with scales elevated in the middle, but not carinated; the two or three middle rows a little longer than the others ; scales upon the flanks smaller than those upon the back, but not granulated ; each scale upon thz body is surrounded by very small and scattered granulations, resembling in size, though not so closely approximated as in Varanus ; ventral scales smooth, larger considerably than those upon the body, rounded posteriorly ; no crest upon neck or back; tail longer than head, neck and body, thick at base, slightly compressed at its middle, very slender except toward base, covered with carinated scales ; above a large median row, almost smooth beneath, and of nearly equal size in tho specimen examined, except five or six rows ou each side, about 5J lines 232 [October, from the anus ; scales upon the upper part of the thighs very slightly carinated, some of them with a double carina; a pular fold. Coloration. — Above bluish, with black maculae ; under parts lighter, with a tinge of yellow and ferruginous; a black spot beneath each axilla. Dimensions. — Length of head 8 lines; greatest breadth 5 lines; length of body to vent 1 inch 7 lines; of tail 2 inches 9 lines. Total length 4 inches. Habitat. — Unknown. One specimen in Museum, belonging to the Green Col- lection, presented by Dr. Bache. Gen. Remarks. — This species differs from Carolinensis in the less prolonged snout, the absence of the well-marked ridges upon it, the juxtaposition of the supra-orbitar ridges, th** smooth ventral scales, and in its mode of coloration. The specimen described by Dumeril and Bibron was found in Martinique. The general resemblance of the head to that of Alligator i> quite striking. Accord- ing to Dumeril and Bibron, who have given an excellent description of this animal, the black markings under the axillae are constant, Anolis Carolinensis. We have twenty-eight specimens of Anolis Carolinensis from Cuba and the southero portion of the United States. These evidently belong to the same spe- cies ; the specimens differ more or less in color, some being of a beautiful bright green with scarcely any spots, others more or less spotted and lined upon the back, throat and under part of the tail ; nearly all have the dark-colored spot upon the temple ; three or four of the specimens have a broad white band with irrfgnlar edges upon the middle line of the back, constituting a well-marked Yariety. Habits The following remarks in regard to the habits of these interesting animals have been communicated to me by a friend in the South, who has had ample opportunities of observing them carefully : 1st. That the}' drink frequently. 2d. That when they shed they uniformly swallow their exuvias. 3d. That when they happen to break their caudal appendage it is renewed. The growth of the tail, it appears, is more rapid after the broken ends have united. I have myself had for a long time several of these beautiful creatures alive, and they became so tame as whenever a drop of water was presented to them upon the tip of the finger, to leave the part of the twig on which they hap- pened to be and eagerly run up after it, protruding their tongues and lapping very much after the manner of the dog. They change their color, frequently being sometimes more or less brown, but are usually of a light and beautiful pea green. Their favorite food appeared to be flies, which they devoured greedily. Gen. BRACHYSAURUS, nob. Char. Head short, covered above with polygonal flattened plates of unequal size; nostrils tubular, in a single plate, near its posterior margin; no distinct occipital plate ; a row of broad hexagonal scales over each orbit ; a row of large and smooth plates upon the side of the head ; no transverse folds upon the neck ; scales upon back, sides and abdomen carinated ; the dorsal and middle row larger than the others, tectiform ; no pores upon thighs or in front of anus. B. EUYTHROGASTER, nob. Description. The head is of moderate size, short and thick, rounded above, longer than broad, covered above with polygonal scales of unequal size, uni- carinate ; the rostral plate is broad and narrow, very slightly elevated ; imme- diately behind it arc two triangular plates, with a larger one between them ; the nostrils are circular, looking backward and upward, situated near the posterior margin of a quadrangular plate ; the supra-orbitar ridge on each side is consti- tuted by a row of polygonal scales of unequal size, seven in number, in contact at their middle, there being no intermediate longitudinal row of scales ; between the two posterior scales of the supra-orbitar ridges are two large quadrangular 1856.] 233 scales, with a broad pentagonal one behind them ; a few small scales between the large snpra-orbitar plates — four or five in number — and the supraciliary ridge ; five or six narrow quadrangular supra-labial plates, the fourth the longest ; a long and smooth plate below the orbit, in front of it five others, the second, counting from the nostril, the highest, the first immediately below the nasal plate ; beneath these plates and above the supra-labials a row of smaller plates; eyelids covered with granulations; mental plate triangular, five or six inferior labials ; 36 teeth in the upper jaw, the seven or eight posterior tricuspid, the others pointed, conical, the anterior quite small; 40 in the lower, the twelve last tricuspid; a row of small palatine teeth, one on each side ; tongue triangular, smooth above, deeply notched posteriorly, very slightly so in front; tympanum circular, of moderate size, somewhat depressed ; neck slightly folded upon its sides; body moderately robust, covered for the most part with large scales broader'than long, unicarinate, the carinae strongly developed ; the median dorsal row larger than the others, tectiform ; extremities slender, covered with carinated scales ; third and fourth fingers of equal length ; fourth .toe much the longest ; tail cyclo-tetragonal at base ; no femoral and no anal pores. Coloration. Greyish white above, upon head, back and extremities brownish; beneath of same color, except upon chin and throat and sides of abdomen, which are of a beautiful pink red color. Dimensions. Length of head 8 lines ; greatest breadth 6 ; length of neck and body to vent 1 inch 8 lines ; of tail ; of humerus 5 lines ; of forearm 4 lines ; of hand to extremity of longest finger 6 lines ; of femur 6 lines ; of tibia 7 lines ; of foot to extremity of longest toe 1 inch. Ilabitat. New Grenada. One specimen received from Philadelphia Museum in exchange. Gen. Remarks. The genus above characterized differs from Sceloporus, among other particulars in being destitute of femoral pores, in the presence of the row of larger scales along the median line of the back, and in the scaling of the head ; from Proctrotretus, in having carinated and not smooth scales upon the abdomen, as well as in the two last mentioned particulars. In Ophryessa, in Enyalius, Wagl., and in Microlophus, there is a larger row of scales along the median line of the back, and in Dipso-saurus also, to which it has little or no other resemblance ; but in Ophryessa the scaling of the head is quite different, presenting numerous small and rough polygonal tubercles above ; the scales upon the back are not so broad, and are much more strongly carinated. Ophry- essa is a much larger animal, and has a well marked though not elevated crest. Gen. PROCTROTRETUS, Dumeril et Bibron. Char. Head subpyramido-quadrangular, more or less depressed, cephalic plates moderate, polygonal, occipital in general not very distinct; palatine teeth ; neck folded upon the sides, or entirely simple; tympanic membrane slightly de- pressed; body rounded or slightly depressed, covered with imbricated scales, the superior carinated, the inferior smooth ; neither caudal nor dorsal crest ; toes simple ; tail long and conical, or moderate, slightly depressed ; no femoral pores ; anal pores in the males. — D. & B. Proctrotretus niger, nob. Char. Of small size; color black or dark brown above. Scales of moderate dimensions, quadrangular, strongly carinated, the margin of the scales distinct; a fold upon the side of the neck, bifurcating anteriorly ; temples covered with scales ; post-auricular regions with granulations, and sides of the neck with small scales ; a single row of plates above the supra-labials ; posterior surface of thighs granulated. Description. Head small, depressed, with a rather acute snout, covered above with polj'gonal, unequal scales, not carinated ; immediately behind the rostral are three plates, the two external much more extended transversely than the middle ; behind these are three others, the two lateral more extended longitu- dinally, and more narrow than the middle one ; exterior to these lateral plates, 234 [October, and between Ihem and the nasal, are two small quadrilateral ones ; immediately behind the middle of the three plates described is a large heptagonal one, with a quadrangular plate situated obliquely, and much mure broad than long, on each side, in contact with iis antero-lateral facet; on the left side this contact is interrupted by a small supplementary quadrangular plate ; the large hexagonal plate occupies the middle of the frontal region, and lies between the two large quadrangular plates, constituting the anterior extremity of the supraciliary ridge ; this ridge is composed of eight plates, more or less quadrangular, in contact in the middle, the upper surface of each plate, as well as that of the other plates of the head, presenting numerous vermiculations ; the nostrils are subcircular, each in a single plate, nearer its posterior margin ; immediately behind the nasal is a very small plate, and immediately below it another, but larger, between it and the single row of plates above the supra-labials ; posterior to these two plates are five others of unequal size, occupying the interspace between those just mentioned, and the anterior inferior margin of the orbit ; of these the upper- most is the largest; there are five superior labials ; the superior surface of the orbits is protected by numerous plates, of which two rows are conspicuously larger than the others, the innermost, the most extended transversely, consisting of four or five large plates, more or less vermiculated upon their upper surface ; the external superior border of the orbit is composed of narrow longitudinal plates placed one above another ; body slender, covered above and upon the sides with 33 rows of quadrangular carinated scales, the carinse very distinct, those upon the back the strongest, arranged in ten longitudinal and parallel rows, each carina running along the middle of the scale, the margins of which are well defined, but not extending in a point beyond it ; auricular opening rather large, a few scales in front; temples covered with scales; a fold upon the neck, bifurcating in front ; post-auricular region granulated ; immediately pos- terior to the mental are three or four large and more or less quadrangular plates; extremities slender, upper surface covered with carinated scales ; posterior sur- face of thighs granulated, tail of moderate length, longer than head, neck and body tapering to a point, cyclo-tetragonal at base ; posterior margin of anus granulated, the scales immediately behind the granulations smooth ; scales of chin, throat, abdomen and under surface of extremities smooth ; no transverse fold upon neck; no pores in front of the anus. Coloration. — Very dark brown, or black above; a very narrow and somewhat indistinct yellow band, commencing at the axilla and extending along the flanks; a broader brownish one and less distinct above; under parts bluish mingled with copper color, with metallic reflections; chin and throat con- spicuously black, spotted, the larger spots in front; minute black dots distributed over abdomen and under surface of extremities. Dimensions. — Length of head 4.} lines; greatest breadth 2| lines; length of neck and body 1 inch; of tail 1 inch 9 lines; of arm 2 lines; of forearm 2 lines; of hand to extremity of longest finger 3 lines; of thigh 2| lines; of leg 3 lines; of foot to extremity of longest toe 6 lines; of tail 1| inch. Total length 3 inches IJ line. Hab. — Quinquina Island. A single specimen, presented by W. W. Ruschen- berger, M.D., U.S.N. Gen. Remarks. — The scales in this species are much smaller than in Proctro- tretus nigro-maculatus, Wiegmanni, pictus or Ohilensis, being about the size of those of P. tenuis, but quite different in shape. It is perhaps the smallest of the Proctrotretes, and is very readily recognized. ECPHYMOTES, Cuvier. ECPHYMOTES TORQUATUS. A femalS specimen of Ecphymotes torquatus from Buenos Ayres, presented by Dr. A. Kennedy, presents the following appearances, in which it differs from those described. The rostral plate is more extended transversely and is less high ; immediately behind the rostral are two large subquadrate plates instead of four 1856.] 235 much smaller, and behind these two large subtriangular ones, resembling verj much the anterior frontals in many species of serpents ; these are separated from the rostral by two narrow plates on each side; posterior to these is a trans- verse row of five plates, the two external subequal, the middle one long and hexagonal. Coloration. The black vertical band in front of the shoulder exists, but is not seen upon the upper part of the neck; the general color is olive, without spots or markings distinctly visible ; anterior extremities banded in front; no brown marks in front of the anus or upon thighs, these portions of the animal as well as under part of tail being white without any spots whatever. The specimen is largely distended with eggs, one of which measures eight lines in length by five and a half in breadth. A younger specimen from the same locality is more or less spotted with black upon the back, the spots assuming somewhat the form of narrow irregular interrupted bands, upon a ground color of olive ; extremities and tail black spotted, inner part of thighs and tail white ; black band of neck interrupted in the middle. The plates upon the head in this younger specimen are arranged in the following manner : Four in a transverse row immediately behiad the rostral; then two large quadrangular plates ; then a transverse row of five, posterior to which is another row of larger plates, the two exterior forming part of the supra-orbitar ridge. URODELA, Dumeril. Heredia oregonensis, Girard. We received a few days ago, with a collection of Crustaceans and Fishes from California, a specimen of a Caducibranchiate Urodele, which appeared to me to me new, and for which it occurred to me the name Heteroglossa might be proper to distinguish it from the ordinary Bolitoglossidse ; but in looking into tbe last number of the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, I find a description of a specimen from Oregon, by Mr. C. Girard, which corresponds in so many particulars with it, the chief point of difference being the length of the tail, which is represented as being longer than the head and body, that I hesitate to consider it as new. Gen. char. Maxillary teeth small ; two longitudinal patches of sphenoidal teeth, diverging posteriorly, arranged in oblique rows ; a curvilinear series of Tomero-pahitine teeth on each side, almost in contact posteriorly, pHSsing be- tween the posterior nares and the anterior margin of the orbit, separated from the sphenoidal by an interspace without tee-th ; tongue supported by a cylin- drical pedicel, attached in front ; free posteriorly and at the sides ; no parotids ; toes 4 — 5. Sp. char. Size moderate; tail cylindrical; color olive, or brownish yellow, minutely spotted with black above and upon the flanks ; under parts Indian yellow. Description. Head broader than body, truncate anteriorly, nostrils small and wide apart, about half a line from the margin of the upper jaw ; eyes prominent, pupil elliptical ; gape of the mouth linear throughout the greatest part of its extent ; no parotids ; no lateral lines of pores along the body ; a transverse fold across the neck; maxillary teeth quite small, internal nares of moderate size, ovoid, a series of vomero-palatine teeth on each side meeting posteriorly, pre- senting the form of an arch, the convexity forward, passing immediately behind the internal nasal opening, between it and the anterior border of the orbit, ex- tending about three-fourths of a line beyond the external margin of the nasal foramen. Two patches of longitudinal sphenoidal teeth, meeting in front, but diverging posteriorly, leaving an interspace in the shape of the letter V reversed ; the teeth in these patches are arranged in oblique rows, converging on each side toward the longitudinal interspace between them, and are not closely set; the tongue is obcordate, entire, longer than broad, supported upon a central cylindrical pedicel as in the mushroom-tongued Urodeles, hut is attached in front at the tip, and by a semi-transparent membrane along its middle as far as the 236 [October, pedicel, the posterior portion and sides being free ; body and extremities slender ; four fingers and five toes ; first finger very short, the third the longest ; first toe quite short, considerably shorter than the fifth, third and fourth of about equal length; two well marked tubercles ujion the palms of the hands, the one at the base of the first, the other at the base of the fifth finger; none are observed upon the toes ; tail tapering, cylindrical, slightly compressed, not so long as head, neck and body. Coloration. Brownish above, but on close inspection with a magnifying glass, the whole surface appears to be covered with minute black points upon an olive ground ; the sides are also minutely punctated with black; under parts Indian yellow, without spots. Dimensions. Length of head 5 lines; greatest breadth 4; length of neck and body to veut 1 inch 7 lines ; length of tail 1 inch 7 lines ; total length 3 inches 7 lines. Habitat California? (This Urodele was sent from California without indica- tion of locality, it may therefore have been found in Oregon.) One specimen presented by Mr. George B. Davidson, of the U. C. Survey.' Oen, Remarks. This remarkable Urodele differs greatly in the arrangement of its teeth from Aneides, the rows of which are closely approximated and thickly set, (Fam. Plethodontida3,) but resembles more closely Spelerpes, but differs from it more especially in the tongue being tied down anteriorly, whereas in the ordinary Bolitoglossidaj it is mushroom-shaped, as the name indicates, and free all around ; the tongue in the Bolitoglossidae is for the most part entire, (in lon^icauda it is notched posteriorly,) but the minute arrangement of the sphenoidal teeth is different. This animal would appear to belong to the group Ensatinina of Mr. Gray, but in Triton ensatus (Ensatina Escholtzii, Gray,) there are no sphenoidal teeth. Appmdix. Since the above was written my attention has been directed by P. L. Sclater, Esq., of the Zoological Society of London, to the work of Mr. Gosse, entitled a Naturalist's Sojourn in Jamaica, by Philip Henry Gosse, F. L. S., &c., London, 1851, in which I find descriptions of the species of Anolis, iodurus and opalinus, (see also Annals and Magazine of Natural History, second series, 1850, p. 344, 345.) Anolis leucocephalus is identical with Placopsis ocellata ; Gosse, p. 346. Besides the above, Mr. Gosse has described another species of Anolis inhabiting Jamaica, viz., Draconura catenata, and two species of Spbajrio- dactylus, viz., S. argus and oxyrhinus. The author gives a very interesting account of the habits of the two species iodurus and opalinus described by him (p. 220, 227.) A figure is also given of Anolis, (Dactyloa) Edwardsii, pi. iv. The, reptiles of Jamaica appear for the most part to be specifically distinct from those of Cuba. The following is a comparative list of those enumerated by Dumeril and Bibron, Mr. Gray, Mr. Gosse, and others, including those described or mentioned in this paper. To these 1 have added a list of the reptiles of Mar- tinique, for the habitat of which I am indebted to Dumeril and Bibron. 1856.] 237 CUBA. CHELONIA. Cheloniab^, Chelonia mydas. Chelonia virgata. Chelonia caouana. TSSTDDINID*. EMYDIDiE. Emys decussata. Emys rugosa. SAURIA. Crocodilid^. Crocodilus aivitus. CrocodiUis rhombifer. Geckotid^. Hemidactylus mabouia. Sphseriodactylus sputator. Sphajriodactylus cinereus.j Gymnodact J lus albogularis. Iguantd^. Cyclura Harlani. Anolis equestris. Anolis Sagrffii. Anolis vermicuIatuB. Anolis Carolinensis. Anolis lucius. Anolis angusticeps, H. Anolis heterolepis, H. Anolis (Aeantholis) Loysiana. Anolis camajleoiiidps (ChamaB' leolis Fernandina) Holoti-opis microlophus. Holotropis vittatus. Lacertid^. Ameiva Auberi. CHALCIDIDiB. Amphisbsena punctata. Diploglossus tjagrasi. OPniDIA. BoiD^. Tropidurus mel nurus. Leionotus maculatus, Epicrates anguliferus. Notophis bicarinatus. DlACRANTERID^. Dromicus antillensis. Dromicus cursor. Dromicus angulifer, (Coluber cantherigerus.) TYPHLOPIDiE. Typhlops lumbricalis. lyphlops Kiehardii. JAMAICA. CHELONIA. CHELONIADiE. Sphargis coriaeea. Testudinid^;. Testudo carbonaria? EMi'DlD^. Emys decussata. SAURIA. CROCOniLIDiE. Crocodilus acutus. Geckotid^;. Hemidactylus stenodactylus. Spha>riodactylu8 sputator. Sphferiodactylus punctatissimus Sphasriodactylus argus, G. Spha!riodactylus oxyrhinus, G. riatydactylus theconyx. Iguanid.*;. Anolis Edwardsii Anolis punctatissimus, H- Anolis tfagra^i. Anolis iodurus, G. Anolis opalinus, G. Placopsis ocellata, G. Cyclura Collei. Cyclura lophoma. Lacertid^. Ameiva Sloanei. SCINCID.«. Eumeces Sloanei. Diploglossus Shawii. OPHTDTA. UOIDiB. Cbilabothrus inoruatus. JLeinotus maculatus. Leptoqnathid.e. Ischognathus DeKayi. Diacranterid^. Dromicus antillensis. Natrix atra? G. Natrix callila^ma? O. Natrix capistrata? 6. Typhlopid^. Typhlops lumbricalis. BATRACHIA. IIylid*. Hylodes Ricordii. Trachyccphalu* marmoratus. Phyllobatcs bicolor BUFONID^. Bufo peltocephalus. BATRACniA. HyiiDiB. Litoria luteola, G. Trachycephalus lichenatus, G. llyla brunnea, G. MARTINIQUE. CHELONIA. CHEL0NIAD.fi. TESTUDI^^l>^. Emydida SAURIA. Geckotid^. Hemidactylus mabouia. Sphseriodactylus sputator. Sphaiiiodacty lus p unctatissimus Sphijeriodactylus fautasticus. Gymnodactylus albogularis. Platydactylus theconyx. lunANID.*. Anolis alligator. Anolis marmoratus. Anolis cristatellus. Anolis vermieulatus. Anolis lineatus. Anolis pulchellus. Anolis chloro cyanus. Basilicus mitratus. Iguana tuberculatus. Iguana uudicollis. Holotropis Uerminieri. Tropidolepis (Sceloporusi undu- latus? ' LACERTIBiE. Ameiva Pleii. Cnemidophorus lemniscatus. Cnemidophorus sexliueatus. CHALCIDIDiE. Amphistiena coeoa SCINCID.S. Eumeces mabouia. Diploglossus Pleii. Gymnopthalmus quadrilineatus. OPIIIDIA. BOlDiB. Epicrates ceuchris. OXYCEPHALn).S. Oxybelis jeneus. DlACEANTERIDai. Dromicus antillensis. Dromicus cur.«or. Dromicus Pleii. Stenocephaub.^. Homalocranion semicinctum. DiP.SADICjE. Dipsas annulata. Crotalid^. Bothrops lanceolatus. BATRACHIA. Hylodes martiuicensie, Bufo agua. BuFONro.*. 238 [OCTOBER; Hence it would appear, that with the exception of Emys decussata, Crocodilus acutus, Spb.-Briodactylus sputator, Anolis Sagrsi, Leionotus maculatus, Dro- micus aatillensis, and Typhlops lumbricalis, unless several of the others have been incorrectly determined, the species belonging to the Islands Jamaica and Cuba, although but 90 miles distant, are altogether different, and that several of the genera vyhich exist in the one are wanting in the other. Besides the above we have in our collection a small serpent of the size of a Calamarian, with a very short and broad frontal (vertical) plate, a large pre-ocular, no loral and broad gastrostega, carinated scales and a double row of black spots along the back, from Jamaica, included in the donation of Dr. Penrock, which is identical with Storeria DeKayi, B. & G. (Ischognathus DeKayi, Dum. et Bib.* With the exception of Anolis Carolinensis, the reptiles of Cuba differ in their species altogether from those of the United States, even the southern portion of it; and not only so, but with the exception of Emys, Hylodes and Bufo, and perhaps Ischognathus, there does not appear to be even a genus common to the two countries. Were the Herpetology of each of the West India Islands fully known and very accurately determined, many highly interesting and important facts would be developed, tending much to elucidate the laws which govern the geographical distribution of species. Notice of a Collection of Reptiles from Kansas and Nebraska, presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences, by Dr. Hammond, U. S. A. By Edw. Halloweli,, M.D. Ord. CIIELONIA, Brog. Earn. EMYDID^, Gray. Elodites ou ToRTtjES PALUDiNES, Dumeril & Bibron. Five specimens of Emys pseudo-grographica, (young.) The shell of the largest of these specimens measures two and a half inches in length, by two inches, five lines in breadth, and is almost orbicular; the carinse upon the ver- tebral plates are very distinct. Color of carapax olive, with orange colored con- centric and irregular lines, most conspicuous when the epidermis is removed ; an areola towards the posterior margin of each of the plates ; sternum yellowish, marked with irregular dark colored lines ; extremities and head and neck marked with longitudinal lines of yellow and black ; a curvilinear transverse yellow band on each side, behind the eyes continuous with one running down the neck, and a longitutinal one between the eyes ; 24 marginal plates. This species, according to Prof. Holbrook, is found in many of the rivers that empty into the Mississippi, but never east of the Alleghanies. Ord. SAURIA, Brogn. Fam. Iguanidje. Three specimens of Crotaphytus coUaris, Holb. These differ from those from the Creek boundary presented by Dr. Woodhouse, and another large specimen in the collection of the Academy from Arkansas, in wanting the numerous spots with which the latter are covered. The black bands upon the neck and between the shoulders are very distinct ; the general color above is blue, more or less deep, with a tinge of green, with transverse bands of white upon the body and tail; deeper bands of blue upon the posterior extremities; under parts white, with dark colored markings under the chin in two of the young; the plates upon the front in all the specimens are, for the most part larger than those upon the muzzle ; those constituting the semi- circular ridges along the internal margin of the orbit quite large ; occipital plate distinct ; *This species has a wide range, being found in Massachusetts and Georgia. Dumeril and Bibron say they have received a specimen from Mexico. 1856.] 239 many of the plates (11 or 12,) upon the orbits are much larger than the rest; this difference exists also in the Creek boundary specimens, but is not so well marked; femoral pores very distinct ; these in some of the Creek boundary specimens are very large, (J a line in diameter,) much larger than in any speci- men of'Sceloporus I have seen ; eight eggs quite large, from eight to nine lines in length, were counted in the ovaries of the largest ; in which also the femoral pores were very distinct, so that the femoral pores do not belong exclusively to the male in Crotaphytus ; the stomach which is a large and rounded sac was dis- tended with the debris of grasshoppers and coleopterous insects ; one of the former nearly entire. Habitat. — Arkansas, Louisiana near the confines of Texas, Western Texas, Kansas. The two specimens of Holbrookia maculata (Cophosaurus Troschel) do not differ very materially from the many specimens we have from the Creek and Cherokee countries presented by Dr. Woodhouse ; the marginal plates upon the upper jaw constituting the delicate fluting in that region are more narrow, and the markings upon the back are more regularly disposed, and the white spots are much less Dumcrous than in some of the Creek specimens. The plates upon the head will be found to vary considerably in individual form and arrangement in the latter. Habitat. — Creek boundary. Western Texas, New Mexico. The specimens of rhrynosoma cornutum present nothing remarkable; the abdomen and chin of a young one are spotted all over with black spots, and lines of different shapes. Habitat. — Arkansas, western country from Missouri to Texas, Creek and Chero- kee countries, Western Texas, Santa Fe, New Mexico, Kansas. LACERTIDiE. Seven specimens of Cnemidorophous gularis, Baird and Girard. These are distinguished from C. sexlineatus by the broader stripes and larger size of the scales ; the fronto-nasal plates appear also to be comparatively smaller in gularis. Habitat. — Texas, New Mexico and Kansas. SCINCID^. Five specimens of Plestiodon obsoletum, B. & G. — No two of them are colored precisely alike. They all have a general resemblance, yet each differs from the other. This difference is produced mainly by the greater or less extent to which tbe scales are spotted with black ; in one specimen, the greater part of each scale upon the body being thus spotted; in another, the ground color, which is drab, greatly preponderates ; head brown or olive, marked with dark lines and spots, under parts silvery white. Habitat. — Borders of Rio San Pedro, Texas, Kansas. CHALCIDID^. Ophisaurus ventralis, two specimens. These present different markings ; they both are drab colored above, with a brown band running from the occiput along the middle of the back to the ex- tremity of the tail ; sides black, with two narrow white vitta;, the upper termi- nating five inches from the extremity of the tail ; the lower on the left side 4 inches 2 lines from the anus ; and on the right 1 inch 4 lines ; three white lines upon the tail anteriorly ; two narrow brown bands on each side of the abdo- men. Length of head, neck and body 5j inches ; of tail 1 foot 2 inches. Tbe other specimen is olive above, with a brown band along the middle, but the neck and anterior part of the body is marked with white narrow oeellated spots, and and instead of the lateral vitta there are upon the sides on a black ground, three rows of interrupted white spots, often united so as to form a line with very im- perfect margins ; under surface silvery white ; length of head, neck and body 7| inches ; of tail, 1 foot, 5 inches, 4 lines. A specimen from Verdigris river resembles the first in its markings; another 240 ■ [October, and very large and stout specimen in the collection of the Academy is black above without any vitta whatever, but marked with transverse longitudinal rows of small spots ; in another, ttie ground color above is brown, and black upon the sides with longitudinal lines of black expanded at intervals, and in these places surrounded with light colored spots, the spots upon the black ground and on the sides much larger; in another, there are longitudinal lines of white spots upon a black ground upon the back, with narrow lines of the same color upon the sides; in anotberj there are transverse bands of white spots on each side, upon the back, which is of a beautiful light brown, and white spots upon the head, the lateral white lines barred at intervals with cross bars of the same colors, with ten rows of dark brown spots upon the middle of the tail. A specimen from South Carolina is light brown above with lateral rows of darker brown ; another from North Carolina is of a uniform drab color above, the scales upon the sides which are greyish marked with numerous black spots of different dimensions and irregular in shape, the abdomen dark dale color ; under part of tail olive with four longitudinal lines of black spots, so that it will be seen that this species varies much in its mode of coloration. According to Dr. Hol- brook, the under surface during life is bright yellow, most remarkable at the abdomen. Dumeril and Bibron describe four varieties, including two nominal speiies, (punctatus and striatulus,) mentioned by Cuvier. Ilabilat. — From Southern Virginia to Cape Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and in many of the States bordering on the Missouri and Ohio rivers. Its Northern range west of |he Alleghanies is Michigan, according to Dr. Holbrook, Ord. OPHIDIA. SbRPENTES INNOCUI. Fam. CALAMARIDJ^:. The Calamarians belong to the second section or sub-order of Ophidians, the Afilyphodont or Aaemii)phid Serpents of Dumeril and Bibron, characterized as having "recurved, conical, rounded, full and smooth teeth, without cannelation at their points, implanted in both jaws." The serpents belonging to this family have the "body very slender, rounded, and almost of the same thickness from the head to the tail." Dumeril and Bibron assert that all the serpents belonging to it are terrestrial, and divide the family into nine genera, distributed in the E. Indies, (Oligodon without palatine teeth,) (4 sp.) Java, Sumatra, Borneo and Celebes (Calamaria,) (12 sp.) Mexico, Cayenne, Surinam, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, New Granada, Java, (Rabdosoma,) (G sp.) Cape of Good Hope, (Homalosoma,) (1 sp.) Celebes, Macassar, (Rabdion,) (2 sp.) Java, (Elapoidis ) (1 sp.) Ceylon, and the Phillipines, (Aspidura,) (1 sp.) N. America, (Carphophis,) (2 sp.) and (Conocephalus) (1 sp.) To the two last, originating in N. America, we add the following, contained in the Kansas collection, and which, in its general charac- ters, bears a strong resemblance to Homalosoma, but differs from it in the cari- nation of the scales, the acuteness of the snout, the shape of the frontal (vertical) plate, &c. Gen. MIOROPS, nob. Char. Head small, flattened above and posteriorly, depressed in front ; snout acute ; nine plates upon the top of the head, the pre-frontal considerably larger than the internasals ; frontal plate short, but longer than broad, the two lateral margins nearly straight; nostril in a single plate, near its anterior margin; a frenai, one anterior ocular and two posterior oculars ; seven superior labials, the fifth and sixth the largest, the sixth intercalated between the fifth and seventh, the eye resting on the third and fourth ; occipital plates margined ex- ternally by a row of four or five plates; pupil circular; posterior geneials very long, anterior small and transverse; teeth minute, existing both in the palate and maxillaries ; scales strongly carinated, except the two inferior rows, elonga- ted, slightly notched posteriorly ; gastrosteganot ascending highupon the flanks; tail short and pointed, with a double row of scutes. 1856.] 241 MiCROPS LINEATUS, DOb. Char. Size about the same as that of Homalosoma lutrix. The head is quite small, slightly rounded above, depressed in front; nine plates ; snout acute ; nostril in a single plate, which is more or less quad- rangular, quite near its superior margin, and very much nearer its anterior than its posterior extremity; on the leftside this plate is cleft inferiorly below the nostril ; a loral ; one anterior orbitar ; two posterior orbitars : seven superior labials, the eye resting on the third and fourth, the sixth acutely angular, intercalated between the fifth and the seventh, not reaching the margin of the jaw ; body slender, thicker in the middle, covered with 19 rows of scales, all of which are very strongly carinated, except the three or four inferior rows, the last being quite smooth and larger than the others ; scales with the exception of the three inferior rows on each side narrow, subellipical, bi-punctate posteriorly, the carina reach- ing the entire length of the scale; tail short and tapering to a point; abdom. scut. 138. subcaud. 34; a single prseanal. Coloration. Brown above, with three narrow yellow dorsal vittaj ; the middle occupying one row and half of the adjoining row of scales ; head above brown ; upper jaw light yellow; abdomen and under part of tail yellow, with a double row of triangular spots of a bluish green color along the middle and base of tail; these spots are sometimes confluent at their bases ; the spots beneath the epi- dermis are perfectly black. Dimensions. Length of head 4 lines ; greatest breadth 2 ; length of body to vent 7 inches 5 lines ; of tail 1 inch 4 lines. Habitat. Kansas. One specimen in Mus. Acad., presented by Dr. Hammond. Gen. Remarks. At first sight this serpent might be taken for a young Tropi- donote, but a close inspection of the frontal and other plates and the shape of the head indicate the difference. It is of nearly the same size as Homalosoma lutrix of the Cape of Good Hope, but in that genus the snout is obtuse and the shape of the frontal plate not the same, and that of the scales, which are smooth, is very different ; the nasal, however, is in a single plate. In Ischognathus Dekayi the frontal plate is broader, the nostrils between two plates, and there is no loral (Leptognathien, D. & B.) In Conocephalus the snout is acute, and the frontal plate similar but more narrowed, but there is no pre-ocular and but one post-ocular, a long frenal and the nostril between two plates. In Strepto- phorus (Leptognathien) the frontal is broader, the pre-frontals very greatly larger than the inter-nasals; the nostrils between two plates ; no pre-ocular, two post-oculars and a long frenal. Fam. CORYPHODONTID^E, CORYPHODON FLAVIVENTRIS. Among the reptiles presQnted to the Academy by Dr. Hammond is one specimen of the Coluber flaviventris of Say, (Say's Expedition to Rocky Mountains, vol, i,p. 185.) This specimen is olivaceous above, yellow beneath, except upon chin and throat, and along margins of lower jaw, which are white ; under part of tail of a lighteryellow than that upon abdomen ; seven superior labials, the eye resting on the third and fourth ; asmall supplementary plate on each side, below the anterior frontal, intercalated between the second and fourth labials ; a quadrangular frenal, two post-oculars ; nostrils between two plates; plates upon temples as described by Say ; 17 rows of smooth elongate scales near the middle of the body; the inferior row the largest; 17 rows upon neck, 15 near the tail ; tail of moder- ate length, longer than in Ablabes. 171 abdom. scuta ; a bifid prsEanal ; 5G sub-caud. (tail mutilated). Total length 2 ft. 6 inches ; of Lead, neck and body 2 ft. ; circumference 2 inches. Say describes the posterior and basal edge of the scales as black, and in one specimen an indistinct double row of reddish brown spots irregularly alternating on each side of the abdomen ; these markings are not observed in Dr. Hammond's specimen. The genus Coryphodon of Dumeril and Bibron takes its name from two Greek words Ko^y^», Cacumen, summum in quavis re, summit, and oSouc, tooth, in- 18 242 [October, dicating the progressive augmentation or length of the teeth as they recede backward, the following being the essential characters as given by the learned authors, Erpet. Gen. Tom. vii. p. ITS. Les Coryphodontikns. Char. " Serpents with smooth unequal teeth ; the anterior much shorter than those which follow, and increasing successively in length from in front posteriorly." They constitute the seventh family of the great sub-order of Agly- phodont Ophidians. The characters of the genus are the same as those of the family. The scales of this genus are more or less elong&i^^, smooth or carinated. It is the only one of the family, and comprise six species, inhabiting North and S. America, the E. Indies and the Indian Archipelago, (Sumatra, Phillipines). Several serpents have been described under the generic name Bascanion by Prof. Baird and Girard, having all smooth scales, but as the characters are drawn from the external forms alone and not the teeth, and inasmuch as many of these are of secondary importance, and not always constant, this genus, it appears to us, cannot be retained. e. g. The head in Coryphodon pan- therinus, a South American species, is not narrow but broad, the supple- mentary plate beneath the ant-orbitar is absent, andthere are but 15 rows of scales, &c. In a specimen of Coryphodon constrictor before me, the eye rests on the fourth and fifth superior labial, which is prolonged upward, and the supplementary plate below the large anterior orbitar is between the third and fourth upper labials ; the same occurs in another specimen belonging to the Bonaparte collection. This arrangement, however, is probably exceptional. In the young specimen found at Beesley's Point, and which does not differ materially in its coloring from that discovered in Kansas, there are but 5 superior labials, the third and fifth greatly prolonged, the eye resting solely on the third, and there are three posterior labials. The external characters of Mas- ticophis apply almost equally well to Psammophis, an' African and Asiatic genus, yet how different the form and arrangement of the teeth in Masticophis flavigularis (Herpetodryas) and in the latter genus. Among the specimens is one which appears to be a young Coryphodon con- strictor ; the general coloration resembles very much that of Ablabes triangu- lum, but it is at once distinguished by the shape of the head and the form of the frontal plate. The following are its characters, which may be interesting, showing the great chasge which age sometimes develops in the coloration of serpents: Head long, flattened above, depressed in front; frontal long and narrow, narrower behind, excavated laterally ; eye large, seven superior labials, the eye resting on the third and fourth ; nostril between two plates ; a more or less quadrangular loral ; one large ant-orbitar, very narrow below, broad above, appearing upon the top of the head, between the prefrontal and supraorbitar ; a small supplementary plate beneath it ; two post-oculars ; two rows of plates upon each temple between the occipital and superior labials; scales perfectly smooth, 17 rows near the middle of the body ; inferior lateral rows the largest. Total length 1 foot 1\ lines ; length of head 6 lines ; greatest breadth 3 ; length of tail 3 inches. Coloration. Head above brown, occipital and frontal plates marked with yellow ; chin, throat and superior labials yellow, the posterior edges of the latter black ; a red and ash brown circular spot immediately behind the occipital plates ; 54 well marked transverse reddish brown blotches upon the back, not reach- ing to the tail, becoming indistinct in a space of 2]- inches ; the lateral extremi- ties of the transverse blotches are separated from the abdominal scutes by four and a half rows of scales ; sides covered all over with brown spots ; a black spot near the exterior extremity of each abdominal scute, at its posteii^or margin, and one or more smaller near the middle, upon the anterior part of the abdomen ; rest of abdominal surface and of under part of tail yellow, in the latter region almost white. Ab. scut. 171 ; one bifid prreanal ; 80 subcaud. Gen. Remarks. The colors of this animal are so different that it might be readily mistaken for a distinct species. The Col. vernalis of Dekay has been 1856.] 243 taken for the young of the Constrictor, which hardly differs more in color from the adult than does Col. vernalis, but Col. vernalis is no doubt the adult age, and appears to belong to a different genus, viz., Herpetodryas. Herpetodryas vernalis. Syn. Col. vernalis, Dekay Col. vernalis, Holbrook, N. Am. Herpet. vol. 3, p. 79. Chlorosoma vernalis, Baird and Girard, Cat. N. Am. Serp. p. 108. Two specimens. These do not differ from the other well known individuals. This serpent has a wide range, being found in New York, Maine, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Massachusetts, (Baird & Girard,) Connecticut, (Holh.) We have one specimen from Rhode Island presented by Mr. S. Powell. Wagler gives as the type of his genus Chlorosoma the Coluber viridissimus of Linnseus, (habitat Surinam,) which is a serpent about three feet in length, the Col. vernalis a little more than one. The two serpents belong to different families, the one being an Isodontian, according to Dumeril and Bibron's arrangement, having the teeth smooth, alike, equally spaced, and the head larger than the neck, and is inno- cuous, the other belonging to the suborder of Opistoglyphes, having one or more posterior teeth longer and channelled, and is venomous. (Fam. Dipsadiens.) The Col. viridissimus of Linnaeus (Chlorosoma viridissimum, Wagler,) belongs to the genus Dryophylax of Dumeril and Bibron, characterized as having the " head conical, rather long, but little distinct from the trunk, in which the infe- rior region is separated from the flanks by a more or less salient line which the gastrostega form toward their extremities ; tail usually long, tapering and rather slender; eyes of the ordinary size, pupil round, subcaudal; scutes bifid.' (Tome vii. p. 1103.) Dumeril and Bibron state that they do not retain the generic name of Chlorosoma of Wagler, he not having characterized it with sufficient precision. In Dryophylax viridissimus the eye rests on the fourth and fifth superior labials, (third and fourth in vernalis,) there is but one anterior orbitar, (two in vernalis,) and there is no loral, the posterior frontals passing down alongside of the head to join the superior labials. There is but one tem- poral plate, (three in vernalis,) and there are eight superior labials, (seven in vernalis ;) tail 9 inches 8 lines in viridissimus, 3 inches 4 lines in vernalis. Sub-Gen. ELAPHIS, Aldrovandi. Char. "Head usually but little distinct from the body, and for the most part slightly conical, with a snout inclined a little downward ; trunk almost always cylindrical; sides of the abdomen but little angular; scales of the trunk strongly or feebly carinated." — D. et B. Elaphis Alleghaniensis. Syn. Scotophis Alleghaniensis, B. & G. Two specimens. The coloration of these corresponds very well with the de- scriptions of Coluber Alleghaniensis by Prof. Holbrook, of Scotophis Alleghani- ensis, by Baird and Girard, except that the posterior part of the abdomen and under part of tail is not uniformly slate black, being tinged to a certain extent with yellow; the number of superior marginal labial plates in these specimens is eight, the seventh the largest; the two inferior rows only appear to be smooth, except upon the neck, (according to Holbrook four, and Baird and Girard seven ;) near the occiput the scales are perfectly smooth. Total length 3 feet 8]- inches, (Fr.;) of tail 5| inches ; of another 3 feet 6^- ; of tail 5J. Abdom. scut. 221 in one; 1 bifid prseanal ; 66 subcaudal ; in the other, ab. scut. 227 ; subcaudal 176. Circumference of first specimen at its middle 3 inches 7 lines ; of second 2 inches 4 lines. Subcaudal scutes larger in the larger specimen. The genus Elaphis appears to be very well characterized, and comprehends, according to Dumeril and Bibron, thirteen species distributed in various parts of the world — Montevideo, (pleurostictus,) borders of the Caspian, Persia, S. Europe, Japan, (virgatus,) N. America, islands south of Japan, (conspicillatus.) It is one of the very few genera of serpents common to Europe and America. 244 [October, The species inhabiting the United States are Elaphis Alleghaniensis, guttatus, quadrivittatus and vulpinus ; three others have been described by Dumeril and Bibron, viz., E. spiloides, rubriceps and Holbrookii ; and Profs. Baird and Girard describe also three, viz., Scotophis Lindheimerii, confinis, listus ; the only speci- mens of these we have at present in our collection beside the three first enume- rated, are two of vulpinus, presented by Dr. Gavin Watson, from the neighborhood of Buffalo, New York, which are readily determined from the description of Baird and Girard, and which undoubtedly belong to the genus Elaphis, which, accord- ing to Dumeril and Bibron, was established by Aldrovandi in 1640 for thequad- ri-radiatus of Gmelin, (Elaphis fcervone.) Elaphis Holbrookii is represented as without spots or bands upon the flanks. The geographical range of Alleghaniensis, accerding to Prof. Holbrook, is the Blue Ridge, Virginia, Highlands of the Hudson, N. Y., and Mountains of Caro- lina, and according to Profs. Baird and Girard, Carlisle, Penna., Creek boundary, (Hallowell.) Ablabes, D, & B. Char. — " Colubriform serpents with a moderate head, generally somewhat distinct from the trunk, which is almost cylindrical ; abdomen separated from the flanks by an angle but little salient, the scuta being scarcely elevated upon the sides ; snout short, smooth and rounded ; eyes rather small ; tail of moderate length, somewhat tapering ; scales of the trunk rhomboidal, for the most part short and without carinse." — D. & B. Ablabes Triangulum. Var. calligaster. Among the collection of reptiles presented by Dr. Hammond, are three snakes resembling the Coluber eximius of Dekay, but which differ in the markings about the head, in the general color, but more especially in the number of scales, there being but twenty-one rows in eximius, and from twenty to twenty-seven, (20 to- wards the tail and 25 upon the neck,) in one of these specimens ; 25 in the others. The blotches upon the back, of which there are fifty, are more narrow than in that species, their external margins being separated from the abdominal scutes by seven rows of scales; the blotches are from three to five lines in length by eight in breadth; there are eighteen transverse spots upon the tail ; two rows of lateral spots, the superior much larger than the inferior ; the head is long, the frontal (vertical) plate longer than broad, the gape of the mouth extensive, the eye resting on the 4th and 5th superior labials in advance of the middle of the gape ; scales per- fectly smooth, more narrow and elongate than in eximius; 210 abdom. scut. 1 bifid prajanal ; 65 subcaudal ; total length 2 feet 7 inches, (Fr.) ; of tail 5 inches 3 lines ; another 2 feet 6} inches, and a third, 2 feet 8J inches in length ; in another 206 ab. scut.; a single praeanal, 243 subcaud. ; and in a third 198 abdom. scut, one single prajanal and 41 subcaudal. These numbers agree sufficiently well with those of calligaster, as given by Harlan, viz. abdom. 213, caudal 52, (Med. & Phys. Research, p. 122.) whereas in eximius the abdominal plates, ac- cording to Harlan, run as high as 250 in number. Dr. Holbrook, however, gives 198 abdom., 1 pr£eanal, 247 subcaudal, and Harlan states that in a living one which he observed, there were only 33pair of caudal scutes. In Professor Baird and Girard's specimens of eximius, the number of abdominal plates varied from 200 to 214, and the abdominal from 49 to 55 ; the total length from 2 l&QiAl inches to 3 feet 10 inches, corresponding in this respect with Harlan's description of calligaster, which he says was about 4 feet long ; so that there does not appear to be any material difference between the eximius of Dekay, and the specimens under consideration, either in the number of plates or in the length of the animal, but chiefly, as before stated, in the greater number of rows of scales of the latter; in all Profs. Baird and Girard's specimens of eximius, and in those of the Academy, the number being but 21. There can be little doubt, we think, that the specimens from Kansas are identical with the calligaster of Say, for Dr. Harlan, who appears to have first described those in the Philadelphia Museum, is of opinion that they may be a variety of eximius. Prof. Holbrook, 1856.] 245 who examined the originals of Say, states that they are the same, differing only in the greater number of plates in calligaster ; but it is quite possible that he may not have counted the rows of scales. In all of the Kansas specimens, the coloration of the head and neck is different from that usually observed in exi- mius, and in two of them entirely so, there being in each two dark brown longi- tudinal blotches upon the temples, and on the neck, one on each side, and another about half the length of these between them, the triangular spots described by Lacepede, being altogether absent. Ground color of head above brown, with no white stripes or bands, but a band of dark browu extending across the posterior margin of the pre-frontal plates. The ground color of the body and tail above is brown, the transverse spots or blotches much darker, each with a slight margin of a lighter brown than the ground color; the blotches are more narrow than in eximius, occupying from two to three rows of scales only in length, and from eight to ten in breadth ; 45 in one, (the 45th opposite the anus,) upon the body; 18 upon the tail; 47 in another; and 18 upon the tail, and in a third 49; the 49th opposite the anus, and 14 upon the tail; blotches upon tail quite narrow, minutely black spotted and maculated, as well as interspaces and sides; color of abdomen as in eximius. Notwithstanding the great resem- blance in the number of abdominal and subcaudal plates, and general appear- ance, we are inclined to consider the above specimens as belonging to a variety distinct from eximius, being, in fact, the calligaster of Say. We have recently received from Kimball's Museum, Boston, (whither the originals of Say had been transferred,) through Dr. Holbrook, one of the originals of Say's calligaster ; the tail is broken off with a small portion of the body, but it corresponds with Dr. Harlan's description, and Prof. Holbrook's notice of it, the scales, of which there are twenty-five rows, being perfectly smooth. We therefore have a confirmation of the statement of Prof. Holbrook, of the specific identity of eximius and cal- ligaster, and of the opinion of Dumeril and Bibron, who place it, as well as clericus, among the synonyms of Ablabes triangulum, and I am happy to agree with those learned and very eminent Herpetologists. The following may be given as the characters of Albabes triangulum, var. calligaster. Char. — Head rather long ; seven superior labials ; body of moderate thickness, with from 25 to 27 rows of smooth scales ; tail about l-6th of the total length ; color brown above, with from 45 to 49 rows of black transverse narrow blotches upon back and 14 to 18 upon tail; two lateral rows of smaller blotches upon sides ; under part of body beautifully tesselated with black and white ; abdom. scut. 198, 210, subcaudar41, 65 ; length 2 feet 6|, 2 feet8i and 3 feet 10 inches, (Fr.) OeograpMcal Distribution. — Kansas, Missouri. Oen. Remarks. — Dumeril and Bibron state that the name triangulum has pre- cedence over that of eximius of Dekay, having been applied to the same species by Count Lacepede, in his Hist, des Serpens, published in 1789, Tome, 2, p.*331. The description of Lacepede is very precise, but it appears to us that it applies, not to the eximius as usually described, but rather to the clericus of Baird and Girard. The description of Lacepede is as follows: "Nous nommons ainsi (triangle,) cette espece de couleuvre parce qu'on voit sur le sommet de la tete, qui est garni de neuf grandes ecailles une tache triangulaire charge dans le milieu d'une antre tache triangulaire plus petite et d'une couleur beaucoup plus claire ou quelquefois plus foncee ; des ecailles unies et en lozange couv'rentle, dessus du corps, qui est blanchatre avec des taches rousses irregulieres et bordees de noir; on, voit un rang de petites taches de chaque cote du dos et une tache noire allongee, et placee obliquement derriere chaque ceil." The length of Count Lacepedes specimen was 2 feet 7 inches 2 lines, tail 3 inches. Abdom. sc. 213, subcaud. 48 pair. There can be no doubt therefore of the priority of Lacepede's description which is very accurate, but inasmuch as but one row of lateral spots is mentioned, there is some doubt whether it applies to eximius or to the ser- pent described by Baird and Girard, having only o?ze row of lateral spots, (Ophibolus clericus.) We have a number of specimens with but a single row of 246 October J lateral spots with transverse blotches much broader, and reaching to the abdo- minal rows of scales, but in which the size and position of the eyes do no* appear to form constant characters. The blotches in a recent specimen are o^ a bright red, a very inappropriate color for a clercius, according to our present notions. The specimens marked eximius are all immature, v?ith one excep- tion, but all have the double row of spots. Ablabe3jTriangulum, var, clericus] Char. — A large triangular red blotch upon posterior part of head and neck, with a smaller one of a lighter color in the middle ; a black band from the eye to the angle of the mouth ; 27 rows of quadrate blotches upon the back, of a bright red color bordered with black, the 27th opposite the anus; eight upon the tail ; the blotches upon the back separated from the abdominal scuta by a row and one half of scales, and sometimes reaching as far as the last row ; a single row of much smaller lateral spots of a red color bordered with black, inter- mediate as respects the position of the larger ones, occupying the last or abdo- minal row of scales, and a portion of the abdominal plates ; 21 rows of scales ; abdom. scut. 19G, pra3anal single, subcaud. 44 ; circumference 2 inches 7 lines. Total length 2 feet 7i inches, of tail 3 inches 11 lines. It will be observed that these characters differ very little from those given by Count Lacepede. Ilahiiat. — Clark county, Virginia, Mississippi and neighborhood of Haddonfield, New Jersey. For description of var. eximius,* see Dr. Holbrook's work, N. American Herpet., vol. 3, p. 69. The geographical range of eximius, according to Prof. Holbrook, is Maine, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Illinois, and high up the Missouri, (calligaster, Say,) and New York, (Prof. Baird.) Gen. TANTILLA, B. and G. Among the Ophidians of Dr. Hammond's collection is a very small Calamarian, resembling in its general appearance Carphophis ama;na, Dum. and Bib., but much more slender and of a lighter brown color. The arrangement of the plates upon the head, however, is quite different, and I cannot find a genus into which to place it, among those of the Calamarians characterized by Dum. and Bibron, in the Catalogue of North American Serpents of Baird and Girard, un- less it be Tantilla, or of the snakes in the British Museum, by Mr. Gray. The following are its characters : — Head small, slightly rounded above, depressed in front ; snout smooth, rounded, nine plates upon the top of the head, the two anterior frontals much smaller than the posterior, which pass down on each side of the head between the posterior nasal and the anterior orbitar plates, and are in contact with the siijjcrior labials; nostrils between two plates, situated in the anterior of the two for the most part, at its posterior edge ; vertical or frontal plate short and broad, hexagonal, the posterior angle much more acute than the an- terior; occipitals rather long, pentagonal; the supraciliaries do not project over the eye ; but two temporal plates ; no loral, the posterior frontal taking the place of it; one ant-orbitar and one post-orbitar, the latter somewhat larger than the former ; six superior labials, the eye resting on the third and fourth, the fourth, fifth and sixth much larger than the preceding ones ; eye small ; six inferior labial?, the fourth the largest; body slender, somewhat thicker near the middle, with 15 rows of smooth and rhomboidal scales ; five longitudinal rows of smooth rhomboidal scales, four scales in each beneath the neck, between the posterior geneial and front abdominal scutes ; three inferior lateral rows of scales larger *Dr. Dekay says of the eximius, "it is rare to find them exceeding 4 feet ; the more usual length is about two." 1856.] 247 f.han the others ; color light brown or olive above, lighter beneath, approaching to white, a narrow dark colored line along the middle of the back, commencing at the occiput; head of a darker brown than the rest of body; ab. scut. 130 ; one single praeanal and 42 bifid sub-caud. Dimensions. Length of head 3 lines ; greatest breadth 2 ; length of neck and body 5 inches ; of tail 1 inch 6J lines ; total length 6 inches 9;^, lines. Habitat. Kansas. Gen. Remarks. This serpent corresponds very closely with Tantilla of Baird and Girard, and may be their Tantilla gracilis, which, however, wants the vertebral line. In their species the posterior frontal do not come in contact with the labials and the vertical plate is represented as anteriorly acute. Tbe number of rows of smooth scales, of orbitar plates and abdominal and sub-caudal scutes agree very well, there being 129 of the former and 45 of the latter. We do not find, however, that the inferior row of scales is considerably broader than the others, if indeed so broad as the row above it. Habitat. Indianola. CORONELLA LAURBNTI, 1768. Char. " Serpents with posterior superior maxillary teeth longer and on the same line with the others, without interval ; trunk elongated ; scales smooth ; snout rounded and but little elongated." D. & B. CORONELLA DOLIATA, var. There is one specimen of Coronella doliata, one foot three inches in length ; and two specimens resembling the Calamaria elapsoidea of Holbrook, which ap- pear to be the young of the former. They do not belong to the genus Calamaria, which has but one nasal plate and no frenal, elapsoidea having no frenal and the nostril between two plates. We have also in the collection of the Academy a specimen marked elapsoidea from the Creek boundary, which, however, has a loral plate and is no doubt a young coronella. The following notes may charac- terize suflBciently these specimens: Cor. doliata, adult. Head resemblicg that of Elaps ; vertical (frontal) plate a little longer than broad ; two lines in breadth ; occipitals short ; pre-frontals (posterior frontals) much larger than the inter- nasals (ant. frontals) ; nostrils between two plates ; a small and narrow frenal ; one anterior and two posterior oculars, seven superior labials, the eye resting on the third and fourth ; 21 rows of smooth, quadrangular, elongated scales ; tail short, 3 inches 3 lines in length. Abdom. scut. 200; one single prasanal ; 52 subcaudal. Coloration. Twenty-nine red spots upon the back, bordered with black ; in- terspaces between the black bands white ; the red spots are for the most part more narrow in the middle, more extended laterally ; the black bands occasional- ly almost touching each other; the black bands coalesce with black, gub-quad- rate spots upon the abdomen, having other black spots intermediate; a black, transverse band across the occipital plates ; a few black spots upon the upper labials ; ground colour below light yellow ; the black bands upon the back are from two to two and a half lines measured longitudinally, being about thrice the dimensions of those of a specimen from Delaware. The red spots or trans- verse bands occupy from two to two and a half rows of scales, as do also the black bands upon the margins. In the specimen from Delaware the red spots occupy a much greater space, the first comprising 11 rows of scales, butC in the Kansas specimen ; the second six, in the Kansas specimen three, and the black margins are also much more narrow, occupying IJ rows of scales ; the black tesselated markings upon the abdomen also differ, and the alternate black spots are not seen except towards the tail ; the snout is more acute, and the number of rows of scales is less, viz.: 19. Ab. scuta 18G ; one single praeanal ; and 42 sub-caudal. In the specimens of Ophibolus gracilis, B. and G., the anterior black rin2;3 so extend as to cover the whole head above, except the very tips ; in other speci- mens the black rings run into each other. In another there were only 21 pairs 248 [October, of rings. They are from Arkansas and Louisiana ; number of rows of scales not mentioned, (Cat. N. Am. Reptiles in Smith. Inst. p. 91). Ophibolus is not cha- racterized with sufficient precision to be retained, including as it does two genera, Ablabes and Coronella, belonging to different families, the one (Ablabes) an Isodontian, with teeth of equal length, the other (Coronella) a syncraterian, (posterior teeth in the latter much larger and stronger than those which precede them, a well marked character in our specimens). The one from Delaware corresponds very well with Prof. Holbrook's Coronella doliata, though the rings are not so generally confluent with the spots upon the abdomen. In one of the younger specimens, one 9 J the other 7f inches in length, the red blotches are much wider apart, the black rings more narrow in proportion and the white interspaces wider than in the other. The black rings in rows, in these specimens entirely surround the abdomen. (We need for the thorough elucida- tion of the natural history of the Coronellians resembling each other so much in color, a greater number of specimens and of all ages. Our friends would confer a favor upon science would they take care, as has been the case to a great extent in the Kansas collection, to send us numerous specimens of the same species.) Gen. Ramarlis. The coloration of this serpent differs very considerably from that of the figure of Ophibolus gentilis, B. and G., in the exploration of the Red river of Louisiana, by Capt. Randolph B. Marcy and George B. McClellan. The blotches in that figure are much more extended, and the black marginal rings much wider apart. In one of these specimens there were 25 instead of 29 pairs of black rings, the red portion occupying a much greater space ; but in another there were 28; dorsal row of scales 21; Ab. scut. 198 ; sub-caud. 45; total length 20 inches. These black ringed Coronellians will probably, when a suf- ficient number of specimens shall have been procured from diiferent parts of the Union to determine the question, turn out to be for the most part varieties of one and the same species. Gen. Tropidonotus, Kuhl. The genus Tropidonotus belongs to the family of Syncraterians of Dum. and Bibron, in which the teeth are in a continuous row without interval, and the posterior longer than the others ; the scales in this genus, as its name indicates, are always carinated, more especially those upon the flanks. The tail is of moderate length. Three species in the collection belong to this genus, viz. : Tropidonotus parictalis of Say, of which there are three fine specimens ; a much larger one, (Trop. obliquus,) and Trop. ordinatus. TuopiDONOTUS PARiETALis, Say. The collection made by Dr. Hammond includes two specimens of Tropidonotus parietalis. Both these serpents correspond with the short but clear de- scription of Say. The red spots on the sides are very apparent; one of the specimens is quite stout, the circumference being 3^ inches at the middle; 147 abdom. scut, a single prseanal, (tail mutilated) 19 rows of scales, the inferior row smooth, the middle stripe broad, occupying one and the half of each adjoining row of scales. In the smaller specimen, Ab. so. 155., and 83 sub- caudal ; tail of moderate length, rather long and tapering. Habiiat. Between San Antonio, El Paso, Missouri (Say); Kansas, California, (Dr. Heermann); Rio San Pedro, Texas, (Woodhouse.) There is but one specimen of Tropidonotus ordinatus (young) with the lateral stripes very distinct, three rows of alternate black spots; extremities of abdo- minal scales black spotted anteriorly ; occipital plates bi-punctate ; 21 rows of scales all carinated, inferior row largest; ab. sc. 167, a single prajnal, 78 sub- caudal. Total length, 1 foot 1 inch 7 lines, of tail 3^ inches. Tropidonotus obliquus, nob. Char. Head long, flattened above, nostril between two plates, a loral, other plates normal, 8 superior labials, the eye resting on the 4th and 5th, 6th and 7th 1856.] 249 the largest; immediately behind the middle post-ocular one temporal plate be- tween the occipital and the superior labials ; 23 rows of carinated scales, the inferior row but slightly carinated and larger than the others ; scales strongly emarginate posteriorly, the carinae running the whole length of the scale ; scales long and ratber narrow upon the back, broader towards the abdomen. 140 ab. sc. 1 bifid pra3anal, and 69 sub caudal ; tail rather long, tapering to a point ; body robust, size about that of Tr. sipedon. Coloration. Greyish above, with large transverse and more or less oblique blotches of the same color bordered with black, extending as far as the abdo- minal scales; they are quite broad, occupying about five rows of scales, and have very irregular margins ; the interspaces between them are comparatively very narrow, from a scale to nearly two in width ; 32 of these oblique blotches may be counted, the 32d opposite the anus ; 18 or 19 transverse brownish bands upon the tail; under surface resembling very much that of sipedon, the ground color yellow, which predominates greatly at the anterior part; throat and under jaws quite yellow, the posterior margins of the inferior labials bordered with brown. Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch 5 lines ; greatest breadth 9 ; length of body 2 feet, 1 inch, 7 lines ; of tail 8 inches; total length, 2 feet, 10 inches, 1 line ; circumference 3 inches, 1 line. Gen. Remarks. — This serpent differs from Trop. rhombifer and transversus. It resembles very much a specimen in the possession of Dr. Holbrook from Chicago, sent to him sometime ago by Prof. Kirtland, and which he has kindly permitted me to examine. They both are of the same length, have similar mark- ings, and the same number of rows of scales. It may be a variety of Trop. sipedon. Heterodon nasious. There are three specimens of Heterodon nasicus B. and G., in very excellent pieservation. These Heterodons are remarkable for their prominent rostral plate and bulging cheeks, giving them a physiognomy, to use the expression of Prof. Scblegel, quite different from that of our ordinary Heterodons. The abdo- men and under part of tail is almost entirely black. In two of the specimens the vertical (frontal) plate is as broad as long, in one broader by about half a line ; the shape of the vertical plate differs entirely from that of simus, but much more from that of niger and platyrhynos. In a specimen of simus there are eight small plates between the frontal and rostral, and the anterior nasal and su- pero-nasals; in nasicus 'fourteen, in platyrhynos and niger there is but one, (the azygos) immediately behind the rostral. In a specimen of niger there is but one loral plate, the posterior supra-nasal (posterior frontal) passing down upon the side to take the place of the upper one in simus ; and in platyrhynos two. The entire length of the largest of these specimens of nasicus is one foot, three inches, tail 2 inches 7 lines, circumference 1 inch 7 lines. It appears to be a smaller species than simus, and much smaller than platyrhynos and niger. Prof. Baird and Girard, however, give over two feet as the dimensions of a specimen from Sonora. Ab. sc. 137, 1 bifid praeanal, 43 sub-caudal. In 2d. 137, ab. sc. sub-caud. 43. In 3d, 137, ab. sc. sub-caud. 44. Habitat. Rio Grande, Red River, Arkansas, Fort Webster, Sonora. Gen. rcmarlcs The figure in Capt. Marcy's report does not accurately repre- sent this animal ; the bulging of the cheeks, a prominent characteristic, is not sufiSciently shown, and the nostril is in a single plate, which is not the case. VENENOSI. Trigonocephalus contortrix. There are four specimens of Trigonocephalus contortrix, which present no- thing very peculiar. In one of them the black color predominates greatly upon the abdomen; dorsal rows of scales near the middle in all 23. In a fine specimen from Pottsville, Pa., presented by Mr. C. T. Hughes, the dorsal rows are but 21, 250 [October, ab. sc. 146 ; a single prteanal, 38 sub-caud. followed by 7 bifid near the posterior extremity of the tail ; in the Pottsville specimen, 148 ab. sc. 1 bifid near the anus, 21 single and 20 bifid plates at the end of the tail. In a 2d 142, ab. sc. 1 bifid near the anus, 25 single and 21 bifid. la all the specimens the sub-cau- dal scales are single anteriorly and bifid posteriorly. The Trigonocephali, like the Crotali, have a deep pit between the eye and the nostril, in which they differ from the Vipers. They have plates upon the head, unlike Bothrops and several other genera, and are destitute of rattles. This serpent was first de- scribed by Linnceus under the name Boa contortrix ; and afterwards by Pali- sot de Beauvois, who calls it Angistrodon mokeson. It has been placed in no less than five different genera, viz. : Boa, Angistrodon, Cenchris, Scytalus, and Tri- gonocephalus, with three diS'erent specific names. Habitat. This serpent has a very wide geographical range. From N. Eng- land to Florida, and the shores of the Atlantic to Alleghanies, (Holbrook) Ohio, Penn., S. Carolina, Louisiana, Texas, (B. and G,) Crotalus conpluentus. There is one specimen of Crotalus, which corresponds sufficiently well with Say's description of Crotalus confluentus. The spots are more crowded together anteriorly than in the specimen described in Sitgreave's report ; the interspaces between the first fourteen being much more indistinct than between those which follow, especially the first seven which present the appearance of narrow white transverse bands ; they are confluent only to a slight extent. Total length including rattle, 1 foot 8^ inches ; of tail including rattle 1 inch 8 lines ; of rattle 9 lines ; (4 rattles and terminal appendage) of head 1 inch, breadth f ; 25 or 27 rows of scales. 178 ab. sc, a single praeanal, 1 bifid, 14 single and 2 bifid sub-caudal, the last near the rattle ; circumference 2 inches. 40 brown subquadrate spots, more or less marginated, may be counted upon the back and four or five upon the tail; the last nine or teu have more the appearance of bars than regular blotches. A much larger Crotalus than the above is found in California, of which an excellent figure is given in Capt. Marcy's Exploration of Red River, pi. 1, under the name of Crotalus confluentus. We have several in the collection of the Academy, presented by Dr. Heermann, of which a notice will be given in the forthcoming volume of the Pacific Railroad report, under the direction of Capt. Williamson. These are of a yellowish color be- neath, with brownish maculations ; the subquadrate spots upon the back a deep brown bordered with orange. One of these specimens measures more than 3 feet in length ; 23 rows of scales. The predoninating color in the specimens, ex- cept that of the dorsal subquadrate blotches, is sulphur yellow. The name of Cro- talus Lecontii might perhaps with propriety be given to this species from Cali- fornia, and that of confluentus be retained for the smaller crotalus with quad- rate blotches, from Missouri and Kansas. The serpent figured in the Explora- tion of Red River, has more the general appearance of the former, and the shape of the rattle corresponds, this in confluentus tapering to a point ; and not quad- rangular as in the larger animal. RANIDiE. There is in the collection a specimen of Rana halecina, which does not differ in any important particular from the R. halecina found in the neighborhood of Philadelphia, unless it be that in the latter the internal nares appear to be larger, and the tongue more narrow. The vocal vesicles are quite distinct, the pores upon the orbit conglomerated and very apparent ; others are observed upon the neck and anterior part of the back, and a band extends along the upper margin of each flank, from the posterior angle of the eye to near the thigh; Dumeril and Bibron state, that it is with some doubt that they separate this species (the halecina,) from palustris, but admit that they are, and they are no doubt distinct. They are both very common in the neighborhood of Phila- delphia. The Rana halecina has vocal vesicles, the palustris has none ; the 1856.] 251 spots as Dumeril and Bibron observe, are subquadrate in palustris, but round in halecina; the thighs are very differently marked in the two species, and the tympanum, as stated by the authors above mentioned, is smaller in palustris, but it appears to us that the snout is more acute in the latter than in halecina, being the reverse of the diagnosis as given by them. Rana pipiens. There is but one specimen of Rana pipiens in the collection, and that is abont half grown. It does not differ materially from one of the same dimensions from Absecom, N. J., except in the size of the tympanum, which in the Kansas specimen is not more than 21 lines in diameter ; whereas in the one found at Absecom it is 6 lines, being the same as in a very large and full grown specimen from Buffalo, New York. The general color is olive above, minutely and sparsely spotted with black, with very indistinct bars of a deeper olive upon the posterior ex- tremities. The mottlings below resemble each other, except that in the Abse- com specimen they are of a chocolate color, and the color of the abdomen less clouded ; they both appear to be females. The difference in the size of the tympanum is certainly remarkable, but without a greater number of specimens, we are unwilling, on that account, to give it a new specific name. Besides the above, there are several other smaller specimens of the same olive color above, the rows upon the posterior extremities of a darker color, the body covered with minute black spots, in the youngest resembling ;lie R. conspersa of Major Le Conte, which is, probably, the young of R. pipiens. According to Major Le Conte, conspersa wants the ridge upon the tympanum. Under part mottled as in the larger individual. There is a single specimen of a very small Batrachian resembling the Acris gryllus, grey spotted above with the triangular spots upon the head ; thighs and eyes obliquely spotted with brown ; under parts white ; length from snout to posterior extremity of body G lines; length of anterior extremities 3 lines ; of posterior 9J. BUFONID^. BUPO AMERIOANUS. There are in the collection of Dr. Hammond, two very large toads, larger than any specimens of Bufo americanus that I have seen. They measure 3 inches 11 lines in length, (from snout to vent,) the dimensions of the Bufo ameri- canus, as given by Prof. Holbrook, being but 2 J inches. The longitudinal ridges upon the head are as in Americanus, and there is a narrow vertebral line running from the extremity of the snout to near the posterior extremity of the body; the general color is dusky above mingled with olive, with a few subround black spots and linear maculations ; the black colored maculations are more distinct upon the sides ; under part yellow, mingled with orange posteriorly ; the warts upon the sides of the body above and upon the posterior extremities are remark- able for their large size. The Bufo punctatus of Profs. Baird and Girard appears to be the young of this species ; they are of an ash grey with subround spots, and irregular mark- ings of black, containing one or more prominent red colored points or tubercles. Under parts white, with a tinge of blue upon the abdomen, except posteriorly, the under surface of the posterior extremities of a yellow color. I cannot make out that this toad differs essentially from Bufo americanus, and in this my friend Major Le Conte agrees, who also examined the specimen. The most striking difference between this species and the Americanus, con- sists in the much greater breadth of the tongue, and its greater comparative evertil'ity ; in two specimens of equal size, the tongue in the Kansas specimen is six lines in breadth, in Bufo Americanus but three. In the largest specimen the tongue measures 7 lines in breadth, and is somewhat less evertile th^n in the smaller specimen. This species is very different from Bufo halophila, B. & G., inhabiting California; the latter is much more warty, the warts being 252 [October, very numerous and much developed along the middle of the back; the mark- ings beneath are also different, halophila being largely maculated beneath. Engystoma olivacedm, Dob. There is a single specimen of Engystoma, one inch one line in length by seven lines in breadth ; the anterior extremities 6 ; the posterior 1 inch 10 lines in length. The general color above is olive, with dark colored spots posteriorly; these are observed in considerable number upon the poste- rior part of the body and upper part of the thighs ; a few also are seen over the shoulders ; the sides are obscurely marbled with brown ; under surface yellow, immaculate; a well marked fold passes across the head behind the eyes, ex- tending down alongside of the head. This specimen is larger than any of those in the collection of the Academy, and the coloration is quite different from that of Dr. Holbrook's figure (N. Am. Herpet. vol. v. pi. vi.,) and the specimens from Georgia in the collection pre- sented by Maj. Le Conte. These are all more or less mottled with brown beneath and brown or chestnut colored above. Dimensions. As above, length of tarsus and toes 9 lines ; of leg 4 lines ; of thigh 4; of arm '2, of forearm 2. Gen. Remarks. Dumeril and Bibron describe five species of Engystoma — two from N. America, (carolinense and rugosum,) two from S. America, (ovale and micropSj^and one from Malabar, (ornatum.) Habitat. According to Dr. Holbrook, Engystoma Carolinense has never been found north of Charleston, its range extending westward to the lower Missis- sippi. URODELA. aMBYSTOMID^. Ambystoma luriddm, var. fasgiatum. There is but one specimen of Urodela, viz.,an Ambystoma. This is the same animal apparently figured in Dumeril and Bibron's work, pi. 105, under the name Ambystome abandes, (variete,) but it differs entirely from Ambystoma fasciatum, (opacum,) not only in coloring but in the arrangement of the teeth; these in fasciatum are placed in th-ee distinct groups, whereas in the present specimen they are in a continuous series, forming a very obtuse angle, the lateral prolongations passing behind the internal nares and terminating in a line with their external margin, presenting the same arrangement as in Axa- hjstoma, luridtrm., of which it is probably a variety, having nothing to distinguish it from that species but the coloration. Dumeril and Bibron state that their specimen was received from the neighborhood of New Orleans. One cannot but remark, in studying the collection of reptiles above noticed, the great difference in the geographical range of the genera and species composing it. The Emysdoes not exist with us, neither does a single one of the genera of the lizards, unless it be Cnemidophorus. Of the innocuous serpents four are common to Pennsylvania and Kansas, viz., Elaphis Alleghaniensis, Ablabes triangulum, Tropidonotus ordinatus and Herpetodryas vernalis. The others, viz., Tropidonotus parietalis, unless it be considered a climatal variety of si- talis, Tropidonotus obliquus, Microps lineatus, Coryphodon flavivenlris, Coro- nella doliata, Tantilla gracilis and lleterodon nasicus are unknown to us. The genera of innocuous serpents in the collection common to Pennsylvania and Kan- sas, are Elaphis, Ablabes, Tropidonotus, Coryphodon and Heterodon. Of the venomous serpents, Trigonocephalus contortrix, which is one of the most widely diffused of our serpents exists in both regions, but Crotalus confluentus is found only in the far west and south-western portions of North America. Of the Kanida?, R. halecina and pipiens are common to both, and of the Bufonida; B. Americanus ; but we have no Engystoma, and among the Urodela no Ambys- -oma, with an arrangement of teeth and system ef coloration in all respects 1856.] 253 similar to the specimen in the collection, which appears to us, as above men- tioned, to be closely allied to luridum. We have not at present the materials for a complete representation of the Herpetological fauna of America either North or South, but these will hereafter no doubt present some very curious results, when compared with the fauna of the West India Islands, and other parts of the globe. In order, however, to arrive at the truth in a matter so important, it will be necessary to determine with the utmost precision the characters both of the genera and species, and this cannot be done without a knowledge of the anatomy, as well as of the ex- ternal forms. Descriptions and Notes on Birds in the Collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and in the National Museum, Washington. By John Cassin. 1. BuTEO CooPERi, nobis. About the size of Buteo borealis. Bill strong, edges of upper mandible lobed, wings long, quills wide, fourth quill longest, tail moderate, legs rather long, tarsi feathered in front slightly below the joint, behind and remainder in front naked, with about 13 transverse scales in front and 11 behind. Total length (skin) 21J inches, wing 15, tail 9 inches. Tail white at base, external feathers with their outer webs cinereous and their inner webs white mottled with cinereous, other feathers of the tail mottled and striped longitudinally with white, bright rufous, dark brown and cinereous, darker on the outer webs. A subterminal transverse band of dark brown, tip white. Plumage of the head above white at base, tipped, and with longitudinal stripes of brownish black ; back and rump brownish black, upper tail coverts white, transversely barred with dark brown and tinged with rufous, wing coverts and quills cinereous darker on outer webs of primaries and lighter on their exposed ends. Under parts white, with narrow stripes of dark brown, numerous on the neck, throat and flanks, (breast, abdomen and under tail coverts pure white,) a few of the same on the under wing coverts, tibi« faintly tinged with yellowish. Bill dark bluish, tarsi yellow. Obs. This is the young plumage, and the present specimen is the only one that I have ever seen. It is from California, and is in the collection made by Dr. J. G. Cooper, while attached to Lieut. Williamson's party that surveyed a route for a railroad to the Pacific Ocean. This bird belongs to the same group as Buteo eythronotus of South America, and has nearly the same light cinereous color of the wings, quite different from any other North American species. I have named it in honor of Di. Cooper, a talented and active young naturalist, the son of William Cooper, Esq., one of the most eminent of American Naturalists. 2. EOPSALTRIA CINEREA, nobiS. Bill thick and rather long, distinctly notched near the end, wing rather long, first quill spurious, fourth slightly longest, tail moderate, tarsi and toes slender, feathers of the head above slightly lengthened. Total length (of skin) 5 inches, wing 2|, tail 2 inches. Entire upper parts cinereous, feathers on the head with faint lines of brown on the shafts. Quills dark ashy brown, edged externally with pale ashy, tail dark ashy brown, narrowly tipped with white. Throat and abdomen white, breast pale ashy, under wing coverts white. Obscure line from the bill to the eye, and ring around the latter, white, spot in front of the eye, dark ashy brown. Bill dark, base of lower mandible white, feet dark. Hab. Moonda river, Western Africa. Discovered by Mr. P. B. DuChaillu. Obs. This little bird is nearer the genus Eopsaltria, than any other that I can find at present, though perhaps not strictly. Two specimens in the collection of Mr. DuChaillu are all that I have seen. It is a plain little bird, having the general appearance of Vireo and Eopsaltria. 254 [October, 3. SiTTA ACULEATA, nobis. About the same size as Sitta caroUnensis and much resembling it, but with the bill longer and much more slender. The colors of the upper parts are darker than in >S^.. caroUnensis, and the white of the tail of less extent. Hab. California. Specimen in Nat. Mus. Washington, and Mus. Acad., Philadelphia. Obs. This is the western style of Sitta, nearly allied to the common species of the States on the Atlantic. It may very readily be distinguished by its long, slender and pointed bill, which is a constant and unvarying character. Numer- ous specimens are in the collections above referred to, and it appears to be a common bird of the western regions of North America. 4. ToDiRAMPHUs VARius, (Eytou,) Auctorum. Halcyon varia, Eyton, Proc. Zool. Soe., London, 1839, p. 101. Blyth Jour. As. Soc. IBengal, xv., p. 11. Whatever may be the bird described by Mr. Eyton as above, it is quite certain that Mr. Blyth as cited, describes Halcyon concreta, Temm. PL Col. iv., pi . 346 The latter describes at length, and the species can readily be identified with Temminck's plate, even without specimens. We regard it as quite probable, too, that Mr. Eyton alludes to the same bird, and at present regard his name as a synonyme for Halcyon concreta. This bird does not belong to the genus Todiramphiis. 5. COLUMBA IRIDITORQUES, nobiS. About the size of Turtur eythrophrys. Wing rather long, quills broad, second quill longest, tail rather short, feathers broad, legs short. Total length (of skin, male) about lOj inches, wing 6J, tail 4 inches. Female smaller. Neck behind with a wide collar of cinnamon color, with golden violet and green metallic lustre. Entire head cinereous, light on the throat and in front, darker and with a green metallic lustre on the occiput, other upper parts very dark, nearly black with a tinge of cinereous, and on the back and rump with green and violet metallic lustre, especially next to the nuchal collar. Under parts vinaceous, under tail coverts light chestnut, under wing coverts dark cinereous. Two central tail feathers dark cinereous, others same color on their outer webs, and dark chestnut on their inner webs, and widely tipped with yel- lowish white. Legs yellow. Hab. St. Paul's river and Moonda river. Western Africa. Dr. MacDowell's collection and Mr. DuChaillu's collection. Spec, in Mus. Acad. Philada. Obs. This handsome species of Dove has been in the collection of the Aca- demy for some years, having been collected by Dr. MacDowell, but I have never succeeded in finding a name for it. It is not given in the Columbidcn of the Prince Bonaparte's Conspectus Avium. Several specimens are in Mr. DuChaillu's collections. This species does not intimately resemble any other known to me, and may be immediately recognized by its wide nuchal collar, the colors of which are very brilliant. The back and rump and some of the wing coverts have also brilliant metallic lustre. 6. Zapornia umbrina, nobis. "Zapornia spilinota, Gould," Peale, Voy. Vincennes, Birds, p. 224. About the size of Z. spilonota, Gould. Bill rather long, membrane of the nostril very large, wing rather long, third quill longest, tertiaries long, tail short, legs moderate, toes long. Total length (skin) 5f inches, wing 3, tail 2 inches. Entire upper parts reddish brown or snuff color, darkest on the rump, which color is continued on the sides below the lower edges of the wings. Under parts dark cinereous, lighter on the throat, under tail coverts brownish black with transverse stripes of white, under wing coverts brown edged with white, feet light colored, bill darker. Hab. Eeejee Islands. Specimens in the collection of the U. S. Exploring Expedition, (Vincennes and Peacock.) 1856.] 255 Obs. This bird was given in Mr. Peak's volume on the Birds and Quadrupeds of Capt. Wilkes's Expedition, as Zapornia spilonota, Gould, but though very pro- bably of the same genus, is distinct, and we have not found it described. T. Tachypetes Palmerstoni, (Gmelin.) Pelecanus Palmerstoni, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 573, (1788.) Obs. This is a species quite distinct from T. aquila, and is apparently exclu- sively an inhabitants of the Pacific Ocean. From that species the present bird may readily be distinguished by its much larger gular pouch, which in the living bird is of a red color. Its quills and tail feathers are much narrower and the latter is longer. So far as can be determined from preserved specimens, the two species are nearly of the same size, thongh the present bird is the more slender. Numerous specimens are in the collection of the Exploring Expedition, (Vincennes and Peacock.) Notices of Remains of Extinct Vertebrated Animals discovered by Professor E. Emvions. By Joseph Leidt, M. D. Cetacea. 1. Orycterocetus cornctidens, Leidy. 0. quadratidens, Proc. A. N. S. VII, 378. The genus was originally proposed 6n several long horn-like teeth, together with fragments of jaws found in the miocene deposit of Virginia. Prof. Em- mons has also discovered a tooth, apparently of the same species, in the mio- cene deposite of North Carolina. The tooth bears a wonderful resemblance to the horn of a young ox. It is nearly 5 inches long in the curve and over an inch in diameter at base, which is hollowed into a deep conical cavity, as in the spermaceti whale. Sauria. 2. Drepanodon impar, Leidy. This species is founded on the crown of a tooth discovered by Prof, Emmons in the miocene deposit of Cape Fear, North Carolina. The specimen, in form, bears a strong resemblance to the crown of the in- ferior canine tooth of a bear, but it has only one trenchant ridge, and this is situated postero-internally. The enamel is thin and smooth ; the base of the crown is hollowed conically. Length of specimen 10 lines; breadth at base antero-posteriorly 7 lines, transversely 5 lines. 3. Pliogonodon priscus, Leidy. Founded on two much mutilated specimens, consisting of the crowns of teeth, discovered by Professor Emmons in a miocene deposite of Cape Fear, in North Carolina. Teeth elongated conical, nearly straight or only slightly curved inwardly, in section circular, with a pair of opposed carinaa on the inner side ; surfaces divided into numerous narrow planes, with a few vertical interrui^ted plicae, which are more numerous on the inner side, ^namel finely wrinkled ; and the dentine concentric. Base of crown hollowed. Probable length of crown when perfect 2 inches, breadth of base |- of an inch. The teeth differ from those of 3fososaurus in their narrower proportion, straightness, circular section, and plicae of the enamel ; from those of Polypty- cliodon in the possession of divisional planes and opposed carinag ; and from those of Pleiosaurus in the former character and the circular section. 4. Pal-5:osaurus ? (Compsosaurus) priscus, Leidy : ante p. 165. Half a dozen isolated teeth of this saurian are contained in the collection of Prof. Emmons. 256 [October, 5. Omosaurus perplexus, Leidy. An enaliosaurian, based upon a number of teeth of varied character, vertebrae, fragments of ribs and other bones, and the impression of a dermal pLxte, obtained from the coal field of Chatham Co., North Carolina, by Prof. Emmons and also by Prof. M. Tuomey. Teeth elongated conical, pointed, nearly straight, or n:ore or less mo- derately curved inwardly, with opposed carinte on the inner side, which are entire or denticulated ; transverse section subcircular, flattened in- ternally ; surfaces even, or more or less distinctly fluted on the outer side or all around, and covered with minute interrupted ridges, which are vertical on the even surface, oblique on the fluted surface, and divergent downward in the vi- cinity of the carinas. Crown solid, enamel thin, dentine concentric ; fang sub- cylindrical, hollowed at base. Length from 5 lines to 1^ inches, breadth from 2 lines to 4| lines. Bodies of the vertebrse bi-concave and much constricted, as m Palceosaw'us? and Ch-jKysaunis. Length of one of the posterior cervical bodies 16 lines, depth of its articular surfaces 17 lines, width 15 lines. Dermal plate covered with radiating, bifurcating and anastomosing ridges. Allied to Clepsysaurus and Centemodon, Lea, and probably identical with them. Labyrinthodonta. 6. DicTYOCEPHALUS KLEGANS, Leidy. Founded on the upper portion of a cranium discovered by Prof. Emmons in the coal-field of Chatham Co., N. C. Plates of the cranium covered with reti- cular ridges in a general radiant manner. Parietals comparatively short, broader in front than behind ; parietal foramen near the centre of the bones. Occipitals quadrate, a little longer than broad. Posterior outline of the cranium with a superficial transverse concavity on each side and not a deep sinus as in Trematosaurus and Arcliegosmirus. Breadth of occipital outline 28 lines ; length of parietals 8J- lines, breath anteriorly 3J lines, posteriorly 3 lines. Probable length of head, considering it to have had nearly the proportions of Tremato- saurus, 4 inches, breadth 2^- inches. Pisces. 7. IscHTRHiZA AXTiQUA, Leidy. The genus was originally based on a tooth found in the Green Sand of New Jersey. Two teeth aj^parently of a second speceis have been obtained by Prof. Emmons on the Neuse River, N. C. Crown of the teeth, when perfect, apparently, laterally compressed conical. Fang robust, quadrately pyramidal, curved ; with a rugged base which is bifur- cated antero-posteriorly and more deeply before than behind. Pulp cavity en- tirely closed at bottom. Probable length of specimens when entire IJ, and 2 inches; length of fang 10 lines, and 1 inch ; breadth of crown at base antero- posteriorly 5 lines, 6 lines ; laterally 3| 1., 4|- 1. ; breath of fang at bottom an- tero-posteriorly 7 1., 8^ 1.; laterally 6J 1„ 7 1. Notice of some Remains of Fishes discovered hy Dr. John E. Evans. By Joseph Leidy, M. D. 1. Clupea humilis, Leidy. Founded on an impression of the fish upon one half of a clay stone nodule from a tertiary deposit of Green River, Missouri. ' Length 3^- inches; greatest depth 16 lines. Dorsal fin with 15 rays; abdo- minal 7, anal 14; caudal 20? From the head to the position of the anus 28 abdominal spines may be counted. 2. Cladocyclus? occidentalis, Leidy. Based on specimens of isolated scales, attached to masses of an ash-colored chalk, from the cretaceous deposite of the upper Missouri. 1856.] 257 The scales are almost the size of, and bear considerable resemblance to, those of Calastomus hubalus. A nearly circular scale is about 1|- inches in diameter, and an ovoidal scale has been nearly 2 inches wide and 1 inch long. Deep radiant grooves mark the uncovered portion, and minute granule-like points the opposed portion, while the intermediate ti-acts are smooth. 3, Enchodus shumardi, Leidy. Based on the specimen of a right dental bone found in company with Clado- cyclus occidentalia. The bone has been about an inch in length, and in the specimen it supports a series of six large teeth, of which the first one is 2 lines long and the last one | of a line. The border of the bone outside of the long teeth is fringed Avith minute teetli. The species is named in compliment to Dr. Benj. F. Shumard, of St. Louis, who assisted Dr. Evans in his important explorations. The Secretary announced the death of Mr. Samuel B. Ashmead, late a member of the Academy. ELECTION. Drs. Ellwood Wilson and Robert E. Griffith, of Philadelphia, and Dr. Eugene Francfort, of Middletown, Conn., were elected members of the Academy. 19 1856.] 259 November ^th, 1856. Mr. Lea, Vice-President, in the Chair. Letters were read — From the Imperial Academy of Science and Belles Lettres of Lyons, dated July 14th, 1856, transmitting itsMemoires. From the Linnean Society of Lyons, dated July 9th, 1856, of the same tenor. From the Imperial Society of Agriculture, Natural History, and the Useful Arts, of Lyons, dated July 8th, 1866, of the same tenor. A paper was read, entitled " Description of a new Species of Tanager of the genus Saltator, by Philip Lutley Sclater." Referred to a com- mittee consisting of Dr. T. B. Wilson, Mr. Cassin, and Dr. Hallowell. Mr. Lea presented a paper entitled " Descriptions of Eleven new species of Unioues from Georgia, by Isaac Lea.'' Referred to a com- mittee, consisting of Dr. T. B. Wilson, Mr. Binney, and Dr. Leidy. Mr. Lea read portions of a letter from Dr. J. Lewis, dated Mohawk, N. Y., October 28th, 1856, giving a list of living mollusca in " Little Lakes," Otsego, County, ^N. Y. Referred to the Committee on Pro- ceedings. " The geological character of the basin in which the upper or northern Lake lies, is sufficiently explained by the out-cropping rocks of " Coriferous lime- stone " that appear near its eastern and western shores. The bottom of the lake was formerly, no doubt, either a stratum of the " Coriferous " or the " Onondaga Limestone " of the New York Geological surveys. The lake is fed by a few small streams that drain a considerable extent of territory of the same geological character, and it is fair to presume that a con- siderable quantity of lime enters the lake in solution, where, by the influences of light, heat, evaporation, and animal and vegetable life, most of the lime is deposited in the form of a greenish grey mud, in which are immense numbers of shells, which are perhaps the accumulation of ages, and form in the lake and the surrounding marshes beds of marl, in many places over 20 feet deep. In such a locality the mollusca might be expected to exhibit some unusual or singular features, and such indeed is the case. The species that have fallen under my observation have been sought only in the upper lake. The lower lake (which does not exhibit the marl of the upper to any remarkable extent) is so variable in its depth, from being raised or lowered to meet the requirements of a mill on its outlet, that a favorable oppor- tunity for examining it has not occurred at such times as could be made availa- ble. The species do not differ, so far as known, from those of the upper lake. Unio radiatus (var ?) Lam. Anodonta ? between fragilis and fluviatilis. Cyclas similis, Say, In shallow water. Cydas rhomboidea, Say. Borders of marshes. Cyclas crocea, Say. Borders of marshes. Pisidium variahile. Prime. Pisidtum compressum. Prime. Pisidium ventricosum. Prime, (obtusale ? Pff.) Lymncea gracilis, Jay. Dead shells only seen in fragments. Lymnoea columella, Say. On aquatic plants. Lymncea appressa, Say. One dead shell seen only. PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VIII. NO. VI. 20 260 [November, Lymncea . Small and white ; rarely seen except in marl. Lymncea desidiosa, Say. Shores. Lymncea humilis, Say. Shores. Planorbis trivolvis, var. corpulentus, Say. Rarely seen. Planorhis campanulattis, Say. Planorbis bicarinaius, Say. Small and white. Planorbis hirsutus, Say. Borders of marshes. Planorbis deftectus, Say. Borders of marshes. Planorbis parvus, Say. Borders of marshes. Physa heterostropha, Say. Ancylus, two species. On rushes. Paludina decisa ? Say. Shell coated with a fine red pigment, very adherent ; animal of a lighter color than any variety of decisa I have seen. Amnicola limosa, Say. Am. (Pal.) pallida ? Lea. (Small, acutely conic ;) rare. Valvata tricarinata, Say. Valvata, var. bicarinata, Lea. Runs into every change of carination that can be supposed. Sometimes one, sometimes two of the carinje are absent. Valvata sincera, Say. Animal blue, seen through the shell, which is white and translucent, while the shells of tricarinata, bicarinata and varieties are of usual characteristic green. Shells smooth, polished. Valvata striata, Lewis. Undescribed. Shell conical, depressed, umbilicate, aperture round ; epidermis brown and very regularly striate. Has all the other features of sincera, except color and translucency. Animals not observed. Very rarely seen. Of several hundred living specimens of Valvata, only seven were of this species. These are all the aquatic species yet observed." Mr. Lea also read a letter from Thomas Biddle, Jr., Esq., U. S. Consul at Singapore, dated August 21st, 1856, enclosing one from Prof. Oldham of Calcutta, offering to exchange the publications of the Asiatic Society, and of the Greological Society of British India, for those of the Academy. Referred to the Publication Committee with power to act. November 11th. Mr. Lea, Vice-President, in the Chair. A paper was presented^ for publication in the Proceedings, entitled " Characters of an undescribed Bird, belonging to the genus Campylo- rhynchus of Spix, with remarks upon other species of the same group. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M. A." Referred to a committee consisting of Dr. Wilson, Mr. Cassin and Col. MeCall. Mr. Cassin presented for publication in the Proceedings, a paper en- titled "Birds of Southern Indiana, by Rufus Haymond." Referred to Mr. Cassin, Dr. Wilson and Col. McCall. Dr. Leidy presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, en- titled '' Notice of remains of two species of Seal, by Joseph Leidy, M. D." Referred to a Committee consisting of Dr. Bridges, Mr. Vaux, and Dr. Hallowell. Dr. Leidy presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, en- titled " Descriptions of new^Fossil Species of MoUusca, collected by Dr. F. V. Hayden, in Nebraska Territory, under the direction of Lieut. G. K. Warren, of the U. S. Topographical Engineers, with a catologue of all the remains hitherto described and identified from the Tertiary and 1856.] ^ 261 cretaceous rocks of that region. By F. B. Meek and F. V. Hayden, M. D." Referred to a committee consisting of Dr. Leidy, Mr. Lea and Dr. Bridges. Dr. Carson exhibited a specimen of cochineal received by him from Prof. Henry, and accompanied by a letter from Capt. A. W. Bowman, U. S. A., dated Fort Stanton, New Mexico, September 13th, 1856, stating that the specimen was collected on Sept. 9th, in about lat. 34'^ from the most common variety of Cactus, known as " prickly pear," Dr. C. remarked that the specimen was interesting in consequence of exhib- iting the webby matter thrown out by the insect at a certain period of its growth. Dr. Uhler called attention to a second specimen of red and black cat- fish, similar to and obtained from the same locality as the one presented by him some weeks ago. November ISth, Mr. Lea, Vice-President, in the Chair. Dr. Hallowell presented a paper entitled, " On a new and remarkable genus of Ranidffi, from the river Parana, by Edward Hallowell, M. D." Referred to a committee consisting of Maj. Le Conte, and Drs. Leidy and Uhler. Dr. Rand announced the death, on the 16th inst., of Edmund Lang, M. D., late a member of this Academy. November 25th. Db. BeidgeS; Vice President, in the Chair. The Committees to which were referred Messrs. Sclater's and Lea's papers read 4th inst.; Messrs. Sclater's Haymond's, Leidy's, Meek and Hayden's papers read 11th inst.; and Dr. Hallowell's paper read 18th. inst.; severally reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings. Description of a new species of Tanager of the genus Saltator. By Philip Lutlet Sclatek. Saltator atripennis. Supra olivaceo-viridis ; capite alis et cauda nigris ; vitta superciliari longa et' macula auriculari utrinque albis ; subtus pallide cinerascenti-albus, gula alba, crisso ochracescente ; rostro nigro ; pedibus nigro-fuscis. Long, tota T-'i, alae 4-2, caudfe 3-6 poll. angl. Hab. in Nova Grenada, Popayan. Mus. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philada. Two specimens of this very distinct species of Saltator are in the Academy's collection, one marked " Popayan," the other " Neio Grenada." There is na known bird of the genus to which it shows great resemblance, but I think it may be most naturally arranged near to S. orenocensis. 262 [November, Description of eleven New Species of Exotic Uniones, from Georgia. By Isaac Lea. Ukio Elliottii. Testa grande plicata, subquadrata, inflata, valde in^^quilate- rali ; valvulis percrassis ; natibus prominentibus, tumidis ; epidermide nigra, nitida; dentibus cardinalibus permagnis, duplicis ; lateralibus crassis, longiS; lamellatis subcurvisque ; margarita argentea et iridescente. Hab. Othcalooga Creek, Gordon Co., Georgia. Bishop Elliott. Unio gracilior. Testa Isevi, elliptica, inflata, injequilaterali ; valvulis tenui- bus ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide tenebroso-fusca, obsolete radiata et nitida ; dentibus cardinalibus compressis erectisque ; lateralibus lamellatis, longis sub- curvisque ; margarita albida et valde iridescente. Eab. Buckhead Creek, Burke Co., Georgia. Bishop Elliott. Unio pullatis. Testa loevi, transversa, inflata, valde infequilaterali ; valvulis crassis ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide tenebroso-nigrd ; dentibus cardinalibus Curtis, crassis, duplicis ; lateralibus crassis, longis subrectisque ; margarita vel purpurea vel salmonis colore tincta et iridescente. Hab. Creeks near Columbus, Georgia. Bishop Elliott. Unio favosus. Testa Ifevi, subtriangulari, subcompressa, inffiquilaterali ; pos- tice subangulata; valvulis subcrassis ; natibus prominulis, ad apices undulatis; epidermide luteo-olivacea, virido-maculata; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, erec- tisque ; lateralibus crassis, sublongis subrectisque ; margarita argentea et valde iridescente. Hab. Othcalooga Creek, Gordon Co., Geo. Bishop Elliott. Unio rutilans. Testa Irevi, elliptica, inflata, valde inEequilaterali, in medio ad basim paulisper compressa ; valvulis tenuibus ; natibus prominulis ; epider- mide luteo-viridi et valde radiata; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compressis, duplicis ; lateralibus prselongis, lamellatis subcurvisque ; margarita cferuleo- alba et valde iridescente. Hab. Othcalooga Creek, Gordon Co., Georgia. Bishop Elliott. Unio errans. Testa Itevi, oblonga, compressd ; valde insequilaterali ; valvulis subcrassis ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide tenebroso-fusca, obsolete radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compressis ; lateralibus prfelongis, lamellatis sub- rectisque ; margarita vel purpurea vel salmonis colore tincta et iridescente. Hab. Tobesaufkie Creek, near Macon, Georgia. Bishop Elliott. Unio vicinus. Testa laevi, oblonga, compressa, inasquilaterali ; valvulis sub- crassis ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide virido-fusca, obsolete radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, acuminatis compressisque ; lateralibus longis subcurvisque; margarita argentea et valde_ iridescente. Hab. Swift Creek, near Macon, Gecrgia. Bishop Elliott. Unio subellipsis. Testa laevi, elliptica, inflata, inaequilaterali, ad basim ro- .tunda ; valvulis crassis; natibus subprominentibus ; epiderme tenebroso-brun- nea, polita, radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus brevibus, tumidis, subelevatisque ; lateralibus praelongis subrectisque ; margarita argentea et iridescente. Hab. Creeks near Columbus, Georgia. Bishop Elliott. ■Unio geminus. Testa lajvi, elliptica, inflata, inaequilaterali ; valvulis crassis ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide tenebroso-castanea, obsolete radiata, ad um- bones polita; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, acuminatis, duplicis ; lateralibus longis, crassis subcurvisque ; margarita purpurea et iridescente. Hab. Buckhead Creek, Burke Co., Georgia. Bishop Elliott. Unio rostr/Efokmis. Testa laevi, valde transversa, compress3i, at latere planu- lata, valde in«Equilaterali, postice acute acuminata ; valvulis tenuibus ; natibus vix prominulis, ad apices undulatis ; epidermide tenebroso-fusca, obsolete ra- 1856.] . 263 diata, dentibus cardinalibus parvis, acuminatis, duplicis ; lateralibus praelongis, lamellatis rectisque ; margarita subpurpurea et iridescente. Hab. Swift Creek, near Macon, Geo. Bishop Elliott. Unio Blandiands. Testa tuberculata, quadrata, inflata, subinoequilaterali, postice truncata et emarginata, ad basim emarginata, in medio sulcata ; valvu- lis percrassis ; natibus prominentibus, incurvis, ad apices rugoso-imdulatis ; epidermide tenebroso-castanea; dentibus cardinalibus crassissimis, crenulatis, duplicis; lateralibus brevibus, percrassis rectisque; margarita argentea et iri- desceute. Hab. Othcalooga Creek, Gordon Co., Geo. Bishop Elliott. Characters of an apparently undescribed bird belonging to the genus Campylorhyn- CHUS, of Spix, with remarks upon other species of the same group. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M. A. Campylorhynchus hdmilis. Supra rufescenti-griseus albo et nigro mixtus ; dorsi et scapularium pennis medialiter albis inde nigris hoc colore rufescenti-griseo undique limbatis : nucha ci''m cervice postica et linea postoculari rufis; capitis aiitici pennis nigris rufo terminatis : alls caudaque nigris supra albido regulariter transfas- ciatis, subtus autem fere unicoloribus, rectricibus omnibus albo late terminatis : linea lata et elongata superciliari et corpore subtus lactescenti-albis ; crisso nigro regulariter transfasciato : stria parva guttural! utrinque nigra : rostro plumbeo: pedibus brunneis: long, tota 5.5, alee 2.5, caudas 2.2, rostri a rictu .75 poll. angl. Hab. in Mexico Boreali prope Mazatlan (Bell). This bird nearly resembles the Campylorhynchus capistratus, of Southern Mexico and Central America, figured by Des Murs in his Iconographia Ornitho- logique (pi. 63), but may be at once distinguished by its diminutive size and the rufous head and post-ocular stripe, these parts being black in the other species. There are three specimens of it in the Academy's collection. One of these was obtained by Mr. Bell, near Mazatlan, a second is marked " California, Dr. GambcVs collection" and the third is one of the birds procured during the voyage of the Venus, but has no locality afBxed. The Academy's collection, likewise, contains six examples, which I consider referable to Camp, capistratus. Four of these present the usual normal appearance of that bird, but the remain- ing two are considerably inferior in size, and but slightly exceed the present species in dimensions. One of these latter birds is also much spotted and blotched on the lower surface, and seems to be in that state of plumage in which it "^as characterized by Lesson as Picolaptes rufinucha. But as the black head is persistent in all these examples, even in such as are in manifestly im- mature plumage, I am induced to believe that the present bird with its rufous head and size, still more diminutive than in the smallest examples of C. capistratus, is really to be regarded as a distinct species. I think it very probable that this is the Campylorhynchus described, but not named, hy Prince Bonaparte, in his Notes upon ^Delattre's collections, (p. 43.) The genus Campylorhynchus was established by Spix in the first volume of his Birds of Brazil. In the Magazin de Zoologie in 1835, M. de Lafresnaye, pro- posed to use Lesson's term Picolaptes, for the same group. This is not proper, as M. de Lafresnaye has himself subsequently acknowledged, because, in the first place, Spix's name has the priority ; and secondly. Lesson's term was applied by him originally to a particular genus belonging to the different subfamily (Dendrocolapiince) for which it should be retained, although the same author subsequently described several typical members of the group as being Picolaj)ta. Many species of this genus present very great similarity in plumage, and from this fact and from their being considerable variation in the size and coloring of individuals, in some of the species, there is often much difficulty in determining them satisfactorily. 264 . [November, As to the true position of the group, I quite agree with M. de Lafresnaye, who first described the greater part of the species, that its natural place is among the true wrens near the the genus Thryothorus, though pointing through the closely-allied forms Heleodytes and Donacobius, towards the mocking-birds {3Iimus.) The following is a list of the species of Campylorhynchus, which I consider to rest on good authority : 1. C. scolopaceus, Spix, Av. Bras. i. pi. 19, fig. 1. (Opetiorhynchus furdinus, P. Max.) from Brazil : one specimen in the Academy's collection. The synonyms of this bird in Prince Bonaparte's Conspectus, have been somehow mixed up with those of the last species of the genus next preceding it. Spix has figured it with tolerable accuracy. Turdus variegatus, of Gmelin, is] sometimes con- sidered to be identical with this species. 2. C. hyposticius, Gould, P. Z. S., 1855, p. 68, from Eastern Peru. An ally of the preceding, but having the body below much more thickly covered with spots. The only specimens I have seen of it were those received by Mr. Gould, which were obtained by Hawkswell, on the Ucayali. 3. C. unicolor, Lafr., R. Z., 1846, p. 53. (^Pieolapies scolopaceus, Lafr. & D'Oorb., Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool., ISST, p. 46. Anumbius scolopaceus, D'Orb. Voy., p. 256), from Bolivia. Two specimens of this bird are in the Academy's collection. They may be distinguished from C. scolopaceus, to which they are most closely related, by their nearly uniform white under-surface. 4. C. unicoloroides (I) Lafr., R. Z., 1846, p. 316, from Bolivia. I am not ac- quainted with this species. It would seem, from its curious name, to be closely allied to the last. 5. C. zonatus, (Less. Cent. Zool., t. 70.) A Mexican species not uncommon in collections. The Academy possesses three examples, one of which, was ob- tained by Mr. Pease, in the province of Vera Cruz. 6. C. zonatoides (!) Lafr., R. Z., 1846, p. 92, from New Grenada. I have not yet seen this bird in very perfect plumage. There is one specimen in the Academy's collection probably referable to this species. 7. G. mcgalopterus, Lafr., (Des Murs, Icon. Orn., p. 54.) A large species, re- cognized by its being wholly spotted and barred with black and white. There are examples in the Academy's collection, probably from Mexico. 8. C. pallescens, Lafr., R. Z., 1846, p. 93. One specimen in the Academy's collection, which I take to belong to this species, seems to be closely allied to the preceding, but distinguished by its nearly uniform head, more obsoletely spotted under-surface, and differently marked tail. It is labelled " Guyaquil." 9. C. nuchalis, Cab. Orn. Notiz. in Weigm. Archiv. I., p. 206. — This bird is very like 0. meyaloptcrus, but much smaller in size, and with the head and nape unstriped. There are examples in the Academy's collection from Vene- zuela, and I have often seen it from Trinidad. 10. C. brevirosiris, Lafr., R. Z., 1845, p. 339, from Bogota. I have not met with this species. 11. C. brunneieapillus, (Picolaptes b)'unneicapillus,Lsifv., et Cass. B. Cal. pi. 25, p. 156), from Texas and Northern Mexico. There are specimens of this bird and of its eggs in the Academy's collection. The latter are rather peculiar in coloring, and somewhat resemble those of the European Redbreast — {Erythacus rubecula.) 13. C. capistratus, (Picolaptes capisiratus, Less. U. Z., 1842, p. 174: Picolaptes rufinucha, Lafr. R. Z., 1845, p. 339, et Less. Descr. d. Mamm. & Ois., p. 285), from Southern Mexico and Central America. 13. C. humilis. 1856.] 265 Besides these species, Thryothorus ffuttaius, Gould, P. Z. S., 1836, p. 39, and Picolapies cinnamomeus, Less. R. Z., 1844, p. 433, are sometimes considered as probably referable to species of this group. A very closely allied form is Heleodytes, of Cabanis. I have made remarks on the synonyms of the type of this genus (S". ffrisem), in Proceedings Zool. Society, 'l856, p. 97. Notice of remains of two species of Seals. By Joseph Leidy, M. D. 1. Phoca Wymani. Remains of a Seal. Wyman, Am. Jour. Sci. x. 229. Phoca Wymani, Leidy. Anc. Fauna of Nebraska, 8. A tooth, apparently an inferior canine, from the miocene deposite of Virginia, recently presented to the Academy by Prof. Tuomey, I suspect to belong to the same species as the remains of a seal from the same deposite, described by Prof. Wyman. The tooth is 14 lines long, and about as robust in its proportions as the cor- responding tooth of P. barbata. The crown is 4J lines long and 3J broad at base ; and it presents an anterior and a posterior ridge, of which the former is denticulated, and bifurcates half way towards the base. The enamel is rugose, especially towards the base of the crown internally ; and at one or two points in front and behind it presents a short inconspicuous tubercle. 2. Phoca debilis Leidy. A species of seal is apparently indicated by three specimens of molar teeth obtained by Capt. Bowman, U. S. A., from the sands of Ashley River, South Carolina. The teeth bear considerable' resemblance to the corresponding ones of Otaria jubata, having small, compressed conical crowns, tuberculate in front and behind, and single, long, gibbous fangs. The smallest specimen is 5J lines long, and the largest, when perfect, was about an inch long. Descriptions of new fossil species o/ Mollusc^ collected by Dr. F. V, Hay den, in Ne- braska Territory; together with a complete Catalogue of all the remains of Inverte- brata hitherto described and identified from the Cretaceous and Tertiary Formations of that region. By F. B. Meek and F. V. Hayden, M. D. Since the publication of our former papers on the Nebraska fossils, some ad- ditional collections have come to hand, containing new species, which we here propose to describe. Along with these we also find better specimens of some of the species previously investigated by us, than those first received, so that we are now able to correct a few errors into which we had been led, in consequence of having only imperfect specimens to examine. The extensive material at our command, also enables us to rectify some little confusion in the labors of others, which doubtless resulted from the same cause. In order to do this, as well as to furnish a convenient index to these Nebraska species, we append to this paper a complete list of all the fossil invertebrata now known from the rocks of that country. In glancing over this catalogue, the paleontologist will not fail to be struck with the great preponderance of Lamellibranchiata, Gasteropoda, and Cephalopioda over all the other invertebrate forms of life. Among all the collections we have yet seen from this region, the Bryozoa are represented by but one rare species of Reticidipora, and the Brachiopoda by only one species of Caprinella and one of Lingula, both so rare that but a single specimen of each has been found ; while of the whole great class of Echinodermata, which existed in such vast numbers, and presented such an infinite variety of beautiful forms, during these epochs in 266 [November, some parts of the world, we have yet only seen from this region, a single frag- ment, too imperfect to give any clue to its generic relations. The paucity of some, and entire absence of others, of the more common genera of Mollusca, such as Ostrea, Oryphcea, Exogyra^ Sfc, in these collections is worthy of notice. Future investigations, it is true, may add more species to our present meager list of these rare forms, yet it is probable we have here something like an ex- pression of the numerical proportions in which many of the lower types of life existed in these ancient seas. Of the one hundred and ninety-one species enumerated in this catalogue, forty-four belong to the Tertiary system, and one hundred and forty-seven to the Cretaceous. None of the former are known to occur in the States, or on the other side of the Atlantic, while of the Cretaceous species, nine appear to be common to the Nebraska formations and those of the States, and four are identical with forms occurring in the old world.* Of these nine species hav- ing so great a geographical range, six, or nearly one-third of all that class of Mollusca contained in the list, belong to the Cephalopoda, while nearly all the re- maining one hundred and seventy-six species, which appear to be restricted to the north west, belong to the Lamellihranchiata and Gasteropoda. This, however, is not so surprising when we bear in mind the fact that the habits and organiza- tion of these ancient Blolluscavnust have been such, from what we know of their existing analogues in our present seas, that the former depended on accident, or feeble locomotive organs, for their gradual distribution over the world from their various centers of creation, while the Cephalopoda, owing to their superior locomotive powers, were capable of wandering freely far out over the most profound parts of the ocean. In order to convey a clear idea of the relative positions and vertical range of the fossils enumerated in this catalogue, as well as of the nature and order of succession of the various strata from which they were obtained, we give at the end of these remarks, a more com^jlete section of the Nebraska formations than has been yet published. Future investigations may, it is true, show a more intimate relation between the sub-divisions represented in this section than we are aware of at this time, yet so far as we now know, each one of them appears to have been formed during the prevalence of physical conditions so widely dif- ferent from those in existence at the time of the deposition of each of the others, that not a single species of the fossils found in them seems to be common to any two, excepting No. 4 and 5, and perhaps No. 2 and 3, We think, however, when more is known in regard to the range of species in these rocks, it may be found convenient to group them together as follows : — Group A. Miocene. " B. Eocene. " C. No. 4 and 5 of the section. " D. No. 2 and 3 " " " E. No. 1 " " At any rate, by such a classification, we would have divisions which, so far as our present knowledge extends, appear to be characterized, not merely by dis- tinct species, but by rather different types of fossils. In one of our former papers, we mentioned the fact that some of the forms in ' division No. 4 resemble those of the upper Green Sand of English geologists. Although this is the case, later collections appear to show that many species we had supposed restricted to the upper of these two rocks, also occur in the lower. In addition to this, we have more recently ascertained that Pleurotoma minor (Evans and Shumard's unpublished MSS.,) as well as a species of Fasciolarmf * It is quite probable a few other species may yet be found in Nebraska that will prove to be common to the Cretaceous rocks of that region and those of the States, as well as with those of the old world. We look for them chiefly amongst the Cephalopoda. t These genera are generally regarded as having been introduced towards the close of the Cretaceous epoch. 1856.] > 267 perhaps identical with our F. bticcinoides, both of which were at first only met with in the bed of No. 5, likewise occur in No. 4. From these facts, we are in- clined to regard these two rocks as only well marked subordinate members of the same natural group, which is of the age of the true chalk. Too few fossils have yet been found in No. 2 and No. 3 to settle very definite- ly their position in the Cretaceous system, though the late discovery by one of us* of Inoceramiis problematicus, near the base of the first, appears to show that this bed is not, at any rate, older than the upper Green Sand, and that it may also belong to the chalk. In our section of the Nebraska formations, given in a paper published in the 8th vol. of the Proceedings of the Academy, page 63, it will be remembered we placed provisionally the beds of sandstone and clay composing formation No. 1, seen at the mouth of Big Sioux river and below there, along with the Cretace- ous strata, stating at the same time that they were not positively known to belong to that system. We still think it barely possible these beds may be older than Cretaceous, though if represented, as we think they are, by similar beds seen holding about the same position near the mouth of Judith river, far up towards the sources of the Missouri, we must either refer them to the Cretaceous system, or admit the introduction of the genus Baculiies before that epoch, as we have fragments of a small species of that genus from the Judith river beds. At the same time it should be borne in mind that these strata at the last named locality are characterized by a group of fossils remarkably distinct from those in the rocks above, and that one species belongs to the genus Hettangia, a type of bivalves, not known to occur, in the old world, in more modern formations than those of the age of the Lias. If not older than Cretaceous, we think, from these facts, as well as from the stratigraphical position of these beds, they probably represent some of the older members of that system. What relation they bear to the formations near the same locality, in which the saurian remains were found, supposed by Prof. Leidy to be allied to the genera Iguanodon and Mega- losaurus, is still an unsettled question. Should these Big Sioux and Judith river formations prove to be Jurassic, or even to represent both the Jurassic and Triassic systems, it would not conflict with the statement made by us in our last paper, that Mr. Marcou was mistaken in coloring as Triassic and Jurassic the immense extent of country referred to by us between these two localities, as we know this great area to be wholly occupied by well marked Cretaceous and Tertiary strata, while the above named doubtful beds, no whei;e come to the surface near the Missouri, between these two widely separated localities, excepting for a short distance below the mouth of Judith river. It would, perhaps, be premature to attempt, at the present time, the task of tracing out in much detail the parallelism of the various members of the Cre- taceous system in Nebraska, with those of New Jersey and other well known districts in the States, or with those of the south western Territories ; yet the occurrence of several of the more common and characteristic fossils of the upper two Nebraska formations, such as Ammonites placenta, Scaphites Conradi, Bacu- lites ovatus, Nautilus Dekayi, ^c, in the first and second Green Sand beds and intervening ferruginous stratum of New Jersey,f as well as in the "Kotten Lime- stone" of Alabama, clearly indicates the synchronism of these deposits, notwith- standing their widely separated geographical positions. At the same time the total absence of the above named fossils, and indeed so far as we yet know, of all the other species of the lowest and upper two Nebraska Cretaceous formations, in the rocks from which Roemer and others collected so many species in Texas, and other south western localities, renders it highly pro- bable that if the latter occur at all in Nebraska they must be represented by * Dr. Hayden. f For our knowledge of the geological positions of these fossils in New Jersey, we are indebted to Prof. Geo. H. Cook, of the geological survey of that State. 268 [November, the beds No. 2 and 3 of our section. This conclusion is further strengthened by the fact that the only Nebraska species yet found in the south west, so far as we know, are Inoceramus problematicus and Osirea congesta, both of which are unknown in the north west excepting in the above named beds, and are mainly restricted to the latter. The well marked specific characters ofthese two fossils, and their limited vertical range, together with their extensive geographical distribution, render the bed in which they occur a horizon of the highest importance in the identification of strata at remotely separated localities in these far western territories. That these beds, or formations of the same age, are widely distributed over a vast area of country, extending from near the great bend of the Missouri in lat. 44° 15'', long. 99° 20'', westward to, and perhaps beyond, the eastern slope of the Rocky mountains, and far south into Texas and New Mexico, is highly pro- bable, from the occurrence of their characteristic fossils at many widely separated localities in this region. At any rate, we know, from information obtained through Mr. Henry Pratten, of the Geological Survey of Illinois, i\i&i Inoceramus problematicus is found in a light colored limestone overlying a red sand stone on Little Blue river, a tributary of Kansas River. Col.' Fremont also collect- ed specimens of the same shell from a similar rock on Smoky Hill river, in lat. 39°, long. 98°, and at other localities between there and the Rocky mountains.* More recently, Lieut. Abert found the same, or a closely allied species, at a point as far south west as lat. 35° 13' N., long. 107° 2' W., and apparently on the western declivity of the anticlinal axis of the Rocky mountains.f Roemer like- wise collected in Texas specimens of a shell he refers to Inoceramus myteloides of Mantell, which is considered identical with /. problematicus of Schlotheim. In addition to this, we have seen, in Mr. Marcou's collection, specimens of Osirea congesia, from Galisteo, between Fort Smith and Santa Fe, where it probably holds the same geological position as the so-called Gryphcea dilatata. The formations from which the above named fossils were obtained Jn the south western Territories, appear, from the statements of the various explorers of that region, to repose on a series of red, yellow, and whitish sandstones and various colored clays, which are referred by Mr. Marcou to the Jurassic and Triassic systems. These lower beds we think are represented wholly, or in part in Nebraska, by our formation No. 1, which, as previously stated, we re- gard as probably belonging to the lower part of the Cretaceous system, though it may be older. In the remarks accompanying our paper on the fossils of the Lignite Tertiary formations of Nebraska, although satisfied they must be middle or lower Tertiary types, we refrained from the expression of any opinion as to the exact age of the beds in which they were found ; not having been able to identify positive- ly any of the species with characteristic forms of either of these members of the Tertiary system in other countries. Being all specifically distinct from previously known forms, and belonging nearly exclusively to land and fresh water genera, we could of course base no conclusions on comparisons with the fossils of the Tertiary formations hitherto most successfully investigated on other parts of this continent, since the latter deposits are almost wholly characterized by marine genera. So far as we had been able to compare them with figures and descriptions of foreign species, the evidence appeared contradictory, some of them being like Miocene and others like Eocene types. As we now have, how- ever, the additional weight of evidence derived from Dr. Newberry's investi- gations of the fossil flora of these formations, in favor of the conclusion that they are of Miocene age, we can no longer hesitate in referring them to that epoch. Dr. Newberry's opinion on this point is worthy of the highest confidence, since, in addition to an extensive and accurate general knowledge of fossil botany, he has had the advantage of being able to make direct comparisons of these plants with the flora of well determined Miocene deposits in California. * See Prof. Hall's figures and remarks in Fremont's report, p. 174, pi. 4. f Lieut. Abert's report of explorations in New Mexico and California, p. 547. 1856.] 269 Vertical Section of the Geological formations of Nebraska Territory, so far as determined. Subdivisions. Localities. II a .2 h5 • E-( Pi a o Beds of clay, sandstone and lignite, containing numerous remains of plants, and land and fresh water, with a few marine or estuary moUusca. Great extent of country on both sides of the Missouri, between Heart and Milk rivers. -4^ o CO < M EH EH Light colored indurated clars, with occasional beds of sandstone, conglomerate, and white lime- stone, the latter in thin layers. Numerous re- mains of Mammalia and CMlonia, with a few land and fresh water moUusca. JMauvaises Terres of White River. o s s 01 6 Gray and yellowish arenaceous clays, sometimes weathering to a pink color. Great numbers of marine vwllusca, with a few land plants, bones of Mosasaurus, &c. Moreau Trading Post and under the Tertiary at Bear and Sage Creeks. Fox hills. o EH M OQ O o d IZ! Bluish and dark gray plastic clay, containing numerous marine moUusca. Great area about Fort Pierre and along the Mis- souri below. Under No. 5, at Sage and Bpar Creeks. Great Bend of the Mis- souri. Near Milk and Muscle shell rivers. s O o •"5 A 1 6 Lead gray calcareous marl, weathering to light yellowish tint. Scales of fishes— Osfrea congesta, Inoceramus problematicus, Ac. Bluffs along the Missouri below Great Bend. g Dark gray laminated clay. Scales of fishes, with a few small Ammonites, Ac. Along Missouri Bluffs, be- low mouth of James River. § rH d Heavy bedded yellowish sandstone, passing down- wards into alternations of sandstone and clay, con- taining bits of water-worn lignite and bands of dark carbonaceous matter. This formation is not posi- tively known to belong to the Cretaceous System. Near the mouth of Big Sioux River, and between there and Council Bluffs. Near Judith River ? if o S o a CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. UPPER. Yellow limestone, containing Fusvlina eylin- drica, Terebratula subtileiu, Spirifer Meusebach- anus, Allorisma regularis and other fossils of the Coal measures. Forms shoals in the Mis- souri near Black Bird Hills. Eight or ten feet above low water mark at Council Bluffs. a 270 [November, Descriptions of Species. Natica Tuomyana, Shell subglobose, thick and solid ; spire not much elevated ; volutions four to four and a half, convex, last one crossed by strong folds ; suture distinct or slightly grooved ; surface marked with fine closely arranged lines of growth, crossed by flat revolving bands ; aperture apparently ovate ; umbilicus very small or only rudimentary. Length and breadth about -88 inch ; apical angle slightly convex ; divergence about 110°. We have seen but one specimen of this species, a portion of the body volution of which is broken away. The outer lip seems to have been bevelled, and joins the body whorl above, at an angle of about 90°. The revolving bands are gene- rally faint, and wider than the grooves between them on the upper part of the whorls, but more distinct and about equal to, or smaller than, the depressions near the middle and below. The inner lip is not callous in the umbilical region. This species may be at once distinguished from any other known to us from the Nebraska formations, by its greater thickness, and the strong vertical folds and revolving bands. We name it in honor of Prof. M. Tuomy, State Geologist of Alabama and South Carolina. Locality and position. Mouth of Judith River, in a sandstone, probably the same as No. 1 of the section. Bulla scbcylindrica. Shell elongate oval, or subcylindrical ; spire umbilicate ; surface (of cast) marked with faint remains of lines of growth, crossed by about forty revolving stritE, generally a little narrower than the elevated spaces between. Aperture very narrow, arcuate, extending a little above the summit of the body, and in- creasing in breadth very gradually from the upper to the lower extremity. Um- bilicus small or closed. Length -91 inch ; breadth -48 inch. Breadth of aper- ture near the centre '12 inch ; breadth at the widest place below -24 inch. This species, of which we have seen only a cast, is near Bulla pupa of Evans and Shumard, (unpublished MSS.,) but the form of the aperture is quite different, being very narrow, almost linear, excepting at the lower end, where it widens out gradually, on the inner side, to about twice its breadth near the middle, while that of B.pupa is " elongate ovate." From our B. volvaria (Proceedings of the Academy of March last, page 69,) it may be distinguished by its larger size, and the equal breadth of the two ends ; it differs from all the other ISiebraska species we have seen, in its greater size and much more elongate form. Locality and position. Near mouth of Milk River, formation No. 4 of the ac- companying section. Panop^a occidentalis. Shell elongate ovate ; posterior end broader than the anterior, subtruncate and gaping ; buccal end narrowly rounded, almost closed ; base straight along the middle, rounding up abruptly behind, and gradually in front; cardinal border nearly parallel with the base behind the beaks, and sloping in front ; beaks small, rather depressed, incurved, approximate and located a little in advance of the center ; surface ornamented by irregular concentric wrinkles or undulations, most distinct on the upper half. We have but one specimen of this species, which shows none of the internal characters, and has lost its finer surface markings, if there were any, by the exfoliation of the external lamina. It is too imperfect to give exact measure- ments, though it must have been about 3-10 inches in length, 2 inches high, and 1-42 inches wide. We are in some doubt whether or not it is distinct from a species described by Prof. Tuomy under the name of F. cretacea, (see Proceed- ings of the Academy, Sept., 1854, page 170,) though it is much larger; and it is hardly probable, had his species differed much in the breadth of the two ex- 1856.] 271 tremities, he would have omitted to mention it. It is more narrowly rounded in front than any of the casts we have seen from the New Jersey formations, or than any species we have seen figured in foreign works. Locality and position. Sandstone near mouth of Judith River, probably No. 1 of the section. MaCTRA FORMOSA. Shell thin, triangular oval, somewhat compressed ; cardinal border sloping from the beaks at an angle of about 115°, straight in front, and slightly convex behind the beaks ; extremities narrowly rounded, almost angular, nearly alike ; base forming a broad regular curve ; beaks small, elevated, approximate, central or a little in advance of the middle ; surface marked with fine lines of growth, which become stronger and more regular on the large lanceolate lunule and escutcheon. Length I'TO inches ; breadth '82 inch; height 1-36 inches. The lunule and escutcheon extend from the beaks to the extremities of the shell, the former being slightly impressed, and the latter bounded by a very obscure ridge. By grinding down upon the cardinal edge of a right hand valve, we found it thin, and having under the beaks apparently an oblique cardinal tooth and a small ligamentary pit, the former being divided into two diverging parts ; while the anterior and posterior portions of the edge have each a long groove, probably for the reception of slender lateral teeth in the other valve. Locality and position. Same as last. Mactra Warrenana. Shell triangular oval, moderately compressed ; cardinal border sloping from the beaks at an angle of about 110° ; anterior end narrowly rounded ; posterior end wider, rounded or very slightly truncate, and gaping a little at the ex- tremity ; base forming a broad curve ; beaks elevated, rather small, incurved, nearly central ; surface marked with fine lines of growth, which become stronger and more regular on the large lanceolate lunule and escutcheon. Length 1-55 inch ; height 1-20 inch ; breadth -85 inch. The muscular impressions are oval or ovate; the anterior one being rounded below, and contracted and prolonged above. The sinus of the palleal impres- sion is small, obtuse at the extremity and nearly horizontal. This species is nearly related in most of its characters to the last, but may be distinguished by its less compressed form, more elevated and gibbous beaks and thicker shell. We have had no opportunity of comparing their internal characters, nor have we seen the hinge of this species. Their distant geo- graphical, and widely separated stratigraphic positions, in addition to the above named differences, lead us to regard them as distinct. We name this species in honor of Lieut. G. K. Warren, of the U. S. Topo- graphical Engineers. Locality and position. Yanktonin trading post, No. 5 of the accompanying section. Mactra alta. Shell thin, subtriangular, compressed ; cardinal border sloping from the beaks at an angle of about 80" ; base forming a broad regular curve ; extremities nar- rowly rounded or subangular, and nearly alike ; posterior slope having an ob- scure ridge or angle passing obliquely backwards and downwards from the beaks ; umbones much elevated, (pointed ?) nearly central ; surface marked with con- centric striae. Length about 2-62 inches; height 2-16 inches; breadth 1-15 inch. We have not yet had an opportunity of seeing the interior of this shell, nor the details of its hinge, and all our specimens are worn so as to obscure the surface markings. It resembles the last two species, but is larger and much more compressed than either of them, and the much greater elevation of its beaks gives it more nearly the form of an equilateral triangle. 272 [November Locality and position. Bad Lands of Judith River ; in a sandstone, the posi- tion of which is doubtful, but probably No. 1 of the series. Tellina subtoetuosa. Shell elliptical or narrow ovate, compressed ; anterior end rounded ; posterior side obliquely truncate at the extremity, and having (in the cast) an obscure ridge passing obliquely backwards and downwards from the beaks ; base forming a broad curve, a little more prominent before than behind the middle ; beaks small, very slightly elevated above the dorsal margin, located a little in advance of the center; surface unknown. Length 2*23 inches; height 1'27 inch; breadth (of left valve) about -22 inch. The only specimen of this species we have seen is an internal cast of a left valve, with a few fragments of the inner laminte of the shell adhering. On these fragments indistinct traces of radiating lines are visible, though they may have had no connection with external markings. The anterior muscular impression is narrow ovate, placed near the front margin, with the narrow end above, and slightly inclined backwards. The posterior muscular impression is round ovate, located near the upper margin, and about one eighth the entire length of the shell in advance of the posterior extremity; the narrower end being above and inclined obliquely forwards. Sinus of the pallial impression deep, nearly hori- zontal and apparently rounded at the end. From the inward warping of the back part of the lower border, and the general flatness of this valve, it is pro- bable the other was more convex. The compressed narrow elliptical form, and slightly elevated beaks, will dis- tinguish this from all the other species known to us from the Nebraska forma- tions. Locality and position. Mouth of Judith River, from a sandstone supposed to be No. 1 of the series. Venus ? circulaeis. Shell very thin, subcircular, rather gibbous ; cardinal border rounding from the beaks ; extremities and base rounded ; beaks located about half way between the center and the buccal border, elevated, pointed, incurved and directed ob- liquely forwards ; muscular impressions very faint, anterior one almost marginal, and near the beaks ; surface ornamented with fine concentric lines ; sinus of the pallial impression funnel shaped, the apex being directed obliquely upwards towards the beaks. Length -74 inch ; height '67 inch ; breadth -45 inch. Not having seen the hinge of this species, we refer it with doubt to the above genus. It may be distinguished from any of the allied Nebraska forms known to us, by its greatest diameter being from the beaks obliquely downwards to a point a little behind the middle of the base, and by its more elevated, pointed, gibbous and oblique beaks. Locality and position. Just above the mouth of Milk River, No. 4 of the section. Cttheeea pellucida. Shell extremely thin and fragile, broad ovate or subcircular, compressed ; extremities rounded, the posterior end being a little wider than the anterior; base semiovate or semicircular ; beaks moderately elevated, placed about one- third of the distance from the center towards the anterior end ; surface marked with fine regular concentric striaj ; muscular impressions very faint ; sinus of the pallial impression triangular, longer than wide, not quite reaching the middle of the shell, and if continued across would strike the opposite border below the beaks. Length (of ovate variety) 1 inch ; height -83 inch ; breadth ■40 inch. Amongst the shells we refer to this species, there are two varieties of form, one being less compressed and more nearly circular, with more gibbous beaks than the other ; but as there are some intermediate forms, and they agree in all other respects, we are at present inclined to regard them as identical. More 1856.] 273 extensiTG collections, however, may hereafter prove them to be distinct species. This shell may be readily distinguished from a species described by us in the Proceedings of the Academy in April last, under the name of C. Deweyi, (page 83,) by its extreme thinness ; and from Venus? circularis of this paper, by its less elevated and more obtuse beaks, as well as by the widely different form and direction of the sinus of the pallial impression. It is more Mable to be confounded with C. tenuis of Hall and Meek, {Mem. Am. Acad. Arts andSci.p. ^Q^, plate I, fig. 8,) but presents in some of its varieties a more oval or ovate form, and is always less broadly rounded at the extremities. In addition to these diiferences, it comes from a distant locality, and from a higher bed, in which not a single species known to occur in that in which C. tenuis is found, has yet been recog- nized. This and the following species are referred to the genus Cytherea, chiefly from external characters, as we have not seen the hinge of either. Locality and position. Two hundred miles above the mouth of Milk River, No. 4 of the series. Cytherea Owenana. Shell round oval, compressed ; beaks moderately elevated, placed about half way between the center and the anterior end ; cardinal border convex behind and concave before the beaks ; extremities rounded, the anal end being broader than the buccal ; base semioval ;] anterior muscular impression narrow ovate, and the posterior round ovate, both pointed above and very shallow ; sinus of the pallial impression narrow and deep, directed obliquely upwards towards a point a little in advance of the beaks. Length 1-56 inch; height 1-35 inch ; breadth about -66 inch. The surface markings of our specimen are almost entirely carried away by the exfoliation of the outer laminre of the shell. A small remaining portion near the lower border is marked with small concentric wrinkles and much finer lines of growth. We have not had an opportunity of examining the hinge. The greater thickness of the substance of the shell will at once distinguish this species from all the allied Nebraska forms known to us, excepting our C. Deweyi (see Proceedings of the Academy, April last, page 83) and C. orbiculata of Hall and Meek, (Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and Sciences, page 382.) From the former it may be known by its much deeper and relatively narrower pallial sinus ; that of C. Deweyi being in the form of an equilateral triangle, and not reaching the center, while in this it is about one-third deeper than wide, and extends beyond the middle of the shell. They are, moreover, from distant locali- ties, and widely separated stratigraphical positions. From the latter it will be distinguished by its more oval and compressed form and less elevated beaks. We name it after Dr, David Dale Owen, of New Harmony, Indiana. Locality and position. Mouth of Judith River, from a sandstone supposed to be the same as No. 1 of the series. LUCINA OCCIDENTALIS. ? Tellina occidentalis (Morton.) Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. 8, pi. si., fig. 3. Mould of Lucina? (Owen.) Report Wis., Iowa and Min. tab. vii., fig. 8. Shell rather thick, transversely oval, compressed ; cardinal border slightly concave, and sloping very little in front of the beaks, convex and declining behind ; anal end vertically subtruncate at the extremity, and having sometimes a very obscure ridge passing obliquely backwards and downwards from the beaks ; anterior end rounded and a little wider than the posterior ; base semi- ovate, more prominent before than behind the middle ; beaks small approximate, little elevated above the hinge, slightly in advance of the center ; lunule very small, lanceolate ; surface ornamented by distinct irregular concentric lines. Length (large specimen) 1'90 inchj height 1*56 inch ; breadth -94 inch. By breaking open some of the specimens, we find under the beaks two di- verging cardinal teeth in each valve ; and in front of these one anterior lateral tooth in the right valve, which fits between two smaller ones in the left. If 274 [November, there are any posterior lateral teeth they must be small and remote from the beaks. At the anal extremity of each valve there is one shallow muscular im- pression, of an oval or subquadrate form, with a faint slender ridge passing from its inner side obliquely up towards the beaks. At the buccal end there is in each valve one long shallow, arcuate muscular impression, with its narrower end downwards, and directed a little back, so that more than half of its lower part is detached from the pallial impression. Immediately behind the upper end of this, a second very small circular muscular impression may be seen in each valve. The ligament was chiefly external, and occupied a narrow lanceolate depression behind the beaks ; a portion of it, however, was partly internal, being deeply seated between the beaks. Exfoliated specimens show on the internal laminae of the shell, faint radiating lines, which are never visible on the surface. From the foregoing description it will be seen this species unites characters belonging to two genera. Its form and general appearance, as well as its hinge, and elongated anterior muscular impression, partly detached from the pallial line, are all characters that would place it in the genus Lucina; while its double anterior muscular impressions indicate an affinity to the genus Corbis of Cuvier. We are in doubt whether or not this is the shell figured by Dr. Morton under the name of Tellina occidentalis. Although certainly not very nearly like his figure, it resembles it more than any other shell we have seen in all the Nebraska collections. It cannot be a Tellina, as the pallial impression is unquestionably simple. Locality and position. Near Milk River, and eighty miles above on the Mis- souri, also on the Yellowstone and Moreau rivers. Formation No. 4 of present section. Hettangia Americana. Shell rather thick, ovate or subrhomboidal, compressed ; posterior end much broader than the anterior, obliquely subtruncate and gaping ; buccal side long, rostrated and closed, very narrowly rounded at the extremity ; base forming an elliptical curve, excepting near the anterior end, where it is slightly contracted ; dorsal border elevated in the umbonal region, concave in front and convex behind ; beaks small, approximate, located a little behind the middle, surface marked with rather faint lines of growth, and sometimes, near the border, with small obscure concentric wrinkles. Length 2'63 inch; height l-VG inch; breadth 1-25 inch. We have but one specimen of this species showing the hinge. This is a left valve, in which there is one strong cardinal tooth located very slightly in ad- vance of the point of the beak. Immediately behind this tooth, and directly under the beak, there is a distinct pit, from which a shallow depression passes round the upper side of the tooth. This pit was doubtless occupied by a strong tooth in the other valve. The posterior lateral tooth is prominent, obtuse and compressed, while the cardinal edge between it and the depression under the beak is somewhat callous. This shell is closely related to two or three of the species figured by Terquem in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of France, (2d ser. t. x. pi. 1, 2,) but is relatively higher in the umbonal region, and more distinctly rostrated in front than any of them. It is also more strongly truncate behind than any of Ter- quem's species, though it varied somewhat with age in this character. It is an interesting fact that this, the first species of the genus recognized in this country, is found associated with a small Baculite, while all its known con- geners in the Old World are peculiar to the Lias. Locality and position. No. I. Mouth of Judith River. CaRDIUM SPECIOStJM. Shell circular or round oval, higher than long, gibbous in the central and umbonal regions ; buccal border a little more rounded than the anal ; base regu- larly rounded ; beaks elevated, slender, pointed, incurved and nearly central, 1856.] 275 very slightly oblique ; surface ornamented with numerous simple, slender, ra- diating costce, alternating with rows of elevated points of about their own breadth; border crenulated? Length -57 inch; height -Sir inch; breadth -48 inch. In different conditions of weathering the surface markings of this species present a variety of aspects. In some cases the elevated points look as though arranged on costae, instead of between them, while in other instances only the costse are to be seen. Usually, however, these elevated points are quite distinct on casts, and so regularly disposed that worn fragments, when seen embedded in the matrix, present much the appearance of bits of Fenestella, On some specimens traces of fine concentric stri« are visible, curving strongly up- wards in crossing the ribs. The shell is so nearly equilateral, and the beaks so slightly oblique, that when viewed on the side it looks much like a BracMopod. We know of no species with which this is liable to be confounded, amongst all the Nebraska shells, and it differs from the allied forms we have seen figured from foreign localities, in having the rows of elevated points of uniform size, and not alternately larger and smaller. Locality and position. Bad Lands of Judith River, from a sandstone, the posi- tion of which is doubtful, but probably No. 1 of the series. NUCULA OBSOLETASTRIATA. Shell thick, oval ovate or elliptical, moderately compressed ; surface orna- mented with fine concentric strife and obscure traces of small closely arranged radiating lines ; buccal end obliquely truncated from the beaks forward to a point nearly half way down the front border, where it is narrowly rounded ; posterior end more broadly rounded ; base semiovate, most prominent behind the center; cardinal border sloping from the beaks at an angle of about 120*'. Beaks small, rather depressed, nearly touching, and placed a little in advance of the middle; lunule narrow ovate, deeply impressed. Length 1-20 inch; height -81 inch ; breadth -60 inch. The cardinal edge is thinnest near the beaks, from which point it gradually thickens towards the extremities, especially towards the posterior end. We have had no opportunity of ascertaining whether or not the edge of the lower border is crenulated. As the radiating striae are very obscure, it is probable they are obsolete on worn specimens, though on the surfaces of internal laminae they are usually quite distinct. The anterior muscular impression is deeply impressed, of a narrow ovate form, and placed near the edge of the buccal ex- tremity ; while the posterior one is a little narrower, less deeply impressed, and located close up under the back end of the hinge. There are about thirty hinge teeth in each valve behind, and nearly half as many before the beaks, all of which are curved in crossing the edge, so as to present the concave sides to- wards the extremities. This species will be easily distinguished from all the others known to us from the Nebraska formations, by its larger size and other obvious characters. Locality and position. Great Bend of the Missouri, No. 4 of the series. CuCULLiEA EXIGUA. Shell thick, very small, oval cordiform ; posterior end obliquely truncate; anterior extremity rounded ; base nearly straight ; ligament area rather short and straight, marked with longitudinal lines, and in the middle with exceedingly, small, regular, closely set transverse striae. Umbonal region gibbous. Beaks elevated, incurved, rather distant, and located a little in advance of the center. Surface ornamented by irregular concentric wrinkles, and very fine lines of growth, crossed by small, regular, faint, closely arranged radiating striae. Length •30 inch ; breadth •27 inch ; height •2'7 inch. The ligament area, which is not much more than half the entire length of the shell, is often bounded by a slightly elevated border. That portion of it marked with transverse striae is margined by a fine impressed hair line, and has in each valve a broad triangular form. The longest sides of these two triangles are 21 276 [November, joined together at the hinge, when the valves are united, while the opposite angles terminate immediately under the beaks. Muscular impressions shallow, ovate or oblong, and having a very slightly elevated line passing from the lower inner border of each up towards the beaks. Lateral teeth of the hinge oblique, but not horizontal. The beaks are curved at right angles to the hinge, and slightly angular behind. A neat little shell, not apt to be confounded with any other species known to us. Locality and position. Quite abundant at the mouth of Milk River, in formation No. 4 of the series. Mytelus subarcuatus. Shell narrow ovate, arcuate ; posterior end compressed and rounded ; dorsal edge regularly arched and sharp ; base nearly straight or slightly arcuate, scarcely carlnated ; the two edges converging towards the nearly straight, pointed beaks, at an angle of about 35°. Surface unknown. Length 1-03 inch: breadth -27 inch ; height '36 inch. Tlie beaks are nearly or quite terminal, and appear to have been straight or but slightly declining. Our specimen being only an internal cast, shows none of the surface characters, excepting traces of concentric lines of growth. The dorsal border looks as though it had formed a regular curve, without any angle marking the posterior termination of the hinge. This species is very near M. lanceolatus of Sowerby, (Min. Con. pi. 439, fig. 2,) but is proportionally wider behind, and not quite so pointed at the beaks. It is about intermediate in form between that species and M. edentulus of the same author. Locality and position. Dog River, near mouth of Judith River, from sandstone supposed to be No. 1 of the series. Gervilia subtortuosa. Shell thick, lanceolate, tortuous and laterally curved. Beaks terminal? pointed ? posterior end narrow, the widest part being at the back end of the hinge ; hinge line straight, forming an angle of about 20° with the longitudinal axis of the shell; ligament fossaj about six, nearly equalling the spaces between. Surface unknown. Our specimens of this shell consist of fragments, from which it is impossible to make out a complete diagnosis of the species. None of them show the hinge teeth, and they have all lost the surface markings. The largest fragment we have seen (which is imperfect at both extremities) is four inches in length by 1-65 inch in height at the posterior end of the hinge. It retains 2*'70 inches in length of the hinge, which is "44 inch in thickness, though some of the outer lamina; are wanting, and shows five of the ligament fossae, of which there may have been one or two more. When viewed on the side, the outline of this shell is much like G. avicidoides of Sowerby, (Min. Con. vol. 6, page 16, pi. 511,) but it is much more curved and twisted, though not so much so, nor so obtuse at the anterior extremity as Gervilia (^Gastrochcena) tortuosa of the same author. So far as we know, this is the first species of the genus described from the cretaceous rocks of this country. Prof. Tuomy informed us he has found a species in Alabama, but as he has not yet published a description of it, we have no means of instituting a comparison. Locality and position. Three hundred miles above Fort Union, on the Missouri, No. 4 of the series. Inoceramus pertenuis. Shell very thin, broad ovate or oval, somewhat compressed ; cardinal border straight ; anterior end rounded ; posterior extremity broad, obtusely rounded ; base broadly curved. Beaks near the anterior end, rising above the hinge line, nearly touching. Surface irregularly and rather faintly undulated, marked with fine lines of growth. Length about 4-30 inches; height 3-40 inches; breadth 2-20 inches, 1856.] 277 It is possible this shell may prove to be only a variety of /. veniricosus, de- scribed by us from the same locality, in a paper read before the Academy last April. It differs, however, from all the specimens we have seen of that species, in being broader, much more compressed and more regularly marked with con- centric undulations. The beaks are also smaller, more elevated above the hinge line, and located a little further back from the anterior margin. It has likewise much the form of /. convexus of Hall and Meek, (vol. 5, Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and Sc. page 386, pi. 2, fig. 2,) but may be at once distinguished from that and /. Sa- gensis of Owen, as well as from all the other species we have seen from the higher formations of Nebraska, by the extreme thinness and entire fibrous structure of the shell. Locality and position. Mouth of Judith river, in a sandstone probably the same as No. 1 of the series. Inoceramus incurvus. Shell ovate, globose or cordiform, equivalve. Beaks located a little behind the anterior end, strongly incurved ; umbonal region very gibbous and much elevated above the hinge line. Surface ornamented with regular distinct con- centric undulations, strongest near the beaks, where they are directed very ob- liquely inward toward the hinge, in passing round from the front to the poste- rior side. Length unknown ; breadth 2 inches ; height 1-80 inch. The young of this species, judging from the curve of the undulations near the beaks, must have been of an ovate form, being a little broader behind than in front. As the shell advanced in age it became rapidly more globose, and the beaks curve so strongly inwards, as to bring the umbonal regions of the two valves nearly, if not quite, in contact behind and above the points of the beaks, which are directed away from each other. The substance of the shell is com- posed of an external fibrous, and an internal lamellar portion, the former being generally exfoliated. The surface was probably marked with concentric striae, though not preserved on our specimen. This shell may be distinguished from all the other species we have seen from this region, by its more globose form, as well as by its strongly incurved and gibbous umbones. Locality and position. Little Bear's village, between Fort Pierre and Fort Clark, formation No. 4. OSTRiEA PATINA. Shell circular, oval or ovate, oblique, rather compressed. Superior valve concave above, thin, excepting at the beaks, where it is suddenly thickened and truncate. Inferior valve thicker, concave on the inner or upper side, sometimes auricled ; beaks triangular, flat, slightly curved upwards and turned a little to- wards the anal side. Muscular impression oval or circular, shallow nearest the anal roargin. Surface of both valves marked with imbricating lines of growth, and faint irregular concentric undulations. Greater diameter of largest speci- men (inferior valve) 3-50 inches; smaller do. 3-10 inches; depth of concavity •70 inch. The usual form of the shell is nearly circular or broad ovate. The buccal side is short and rounded, while the anal border is longer and sometimes (espe- cially in the inferior valve) contracted above just behind the beaks. The areas of both valves are broad triangular, and as usual depressed in the middle, and transversely striate. This species is evidently related to 0. vissicularis (Lamk.) of which it may be considered a far western representative. It always differs from that species, however, in having the inferior valve much less concave, more distinctly auri- cled, and never characterized by a posterior lobe. The beak of this valve is also much less curved upwards, being often almost horizontally flattened. We have some fifteen or twenty specimens of this species, in a good state of preserva- tion, all of which are quite uniform in their characters. None of the beaks show marks of the fracture by which the shell became detached. Locality and position. Two hundred miles above the mouth of Milk River, No. 4 of the series. 278 [NOVEMBEK, Catalogue of all the invertebrate fossil remains hitherto described and identified, from the Tertiary and Cretaceous formations of Nebraska Territory.* TERTIARY SPECIES. Oen. CYPRIS. C. Leidyi, Evans and Shumard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 7, p. 165 Gen. HELIX. H. Leidyi, Hall and Meek, Mem. Am. Ac. Arts & Sc. vol. 5, new ser. p. 394 Gen. BULIMUS. B. ? TERES, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. 117 B. ? VERMicuLUS, Meek & Hayden, " " " " 118 B. LiMNEAFORMis, Meek & Hayden, " " " " " B. Nerrascensis, Meek & Hayden, " " '* " " Gen. PUPA. P. helicoides, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. 118 Gen. LIMNEA. L. DiAPHANA, Evans and Shumard, Proc. Acad, N. S. Phila. vol. 7, p. 165 L. Nebrascensis, Evans & Shumard, " " " " " L. TENUicosTA, Meek and Hayden, " " " vol. 8, p. 119 Gen. PHYSA. P. SECALiNA, Evans and Shumard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 7, p. 165 P. LONGiuscuLA, Meek and Hayden, " " " vol. 8, p. 119 P. EHOMBOiDEA, Meek and Hayden, " " " " (( it ti P. Nebrascensis, Meek and Hayden, " " " P. subelongata, Meek and Hayden, " " " " p. 120 Gen. PLANORBIS. P. Nebrascensis, Evans and Shumard, Proc. Ac. N. S. Phila. vol. 7, p. 164 P. suBUMBiLicATDS, Meek and Hayden, " " vol. 8, p. 120 P. CONVOLUTUS, Meek and Hayden, " " " « Gen. VELLETIA. (Ancylus.) V. MiNUTA, Meek and Hayden, Proc, Acad, Nat, Sc, Phila. vol. 8, p. 120 * In addition to the fossils included in this catalogue, we have received from Dra. Evans and Shumard, of St. Louis, a descriptive list of eight new species of Gasteropoda and nine of Acephala, from the cretaceous formations of Nebraska which they have not yet published. ' 1856.] 279 Gen. PALUDINA. P. MULTiLiNEATA, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila. vol. 8, p. 120 P. VETUiiA, Meek and Hayden, " " " " 121 P. Leah, Meek and Hayden, " " " P. EETUSA, Meek and Hayden, " " " " 122 P. CoNRADi, Meek and Hayden, " " " P. PECULiARis, Meek and Hayden, " " " P. TROCHiFOEMis, Meek and Hayden, " " " P. Leidyi, Meek and Hayden, " " " 123 Gen. MELANIA. M, MiNUTULA, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. 123 M. Anthonti, Meek and Hayden, " " " " 124 M. MULTisTRiATA, Meek and Hayden, " " " " " M. Nebrascensis, Meek and Hayden, " " " " " M. CONVEXA, Meek and Hayden, " " " " 125 Gen. VALVATA. V. PARVULA, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. 123 Gen. CERITHIUM. C. Nebrascensis, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Ac. N. S. Phila. vol. 8, p. 125 Gen. CYCLAS. C. FORMOSA, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. 115 C. FRAGiLis, Meek and Hayden, " " " " " C. suBELLiPTicus, Meek & Hayden, " " '< " " Gen. CYRENA. C. MoREAUENSis, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. 115 0. INTERMEDIA, Meek and Hayden, " " " " 116 C. occiDENTALis, Meek and Hayden, " " " " " Gen. CORBULA C. suBTRiGONALis, Mcck & Hayden, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, P. 116 C. PBRUNDATA, Mcck and Hayden, " " " " " C. MACTRiFORMis, Mcck and Hayden, " " " " 117 Gen. UNIO. U. PRiscus, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. IIY o -^ * ■X- *? * * * * *? * 4f- * * * * *? * 280 [November, CRETACEOUS SPECIES. Gen. CALLIANASSA. 0. DANAi, Hall & Meek, Mem. Am. Ac. Arts & Sc. Bost. vol. 5, n. s. p. 319 Gen. BELEMNITELLA. D'Orbigny. Formations in ascending order. 1|§B. MUCRONATA * Schlotheim, sp. Petfr. p. 47, No. 4 B ? BULBOSA, Meek and Haydeu, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. TO Gen. NAUTILUS. 1|§N. Dekayi, Morton, Synopsis Org. Rem. p. 33 Gen. AMMONITES II A. PLACENTA, Dekay, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. vol. 2, p. 5, fig. 2 (not. 3) II A. LOBATUs,t Tuomy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. Y, p. 168 A. lenikularis, Owen, Rept. Iowa, Wisconsin and Min. tab. 8, fig. 5 A. OPALis, Owen, " " " " " 6 A. COMPLEXUS, Hall and Meek, Mem. Am. Ac. Arts & Sc. vol. 5, n. s. p. 394 A. PERCARiNATUS, Hall and Meek, " " " " " 396 A. Halli, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. TO.... Gen. TURRILITES. T. NebrascensisJ Aneyloceras ? Nebrascensis, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila vol. 8, p. 71 T. Cheyennensis Aneyloceras ? Cheyenensis, Meek and Hayden, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 8, p. tl *? *? *? Note. — This mark (|| ) indicates that the species is also known to occur in the States ; this (§) that it is common to this country and the old world ; and these two (||§) that it occurs both in the States and on the other side of the Atlantic. * "We place this species in the list of Nebraska Fossils, on the authority of Dr. Morton, (see Belemnites mucronatus, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol. 8, p. 211) not having recognized it in any of the collections we have seen from that region. f Adult specimens of this shell almost equal in size the largest individuals of A- placenta, with which species it is apt to be confounded. They may always be distin- guished, however, by external characters, even when the septa cannot be seen ; the dorsal margin of the former being thin and sharp, especially in young individuals, while that of A. placenta is always flattened immediately on the edge. It is a little remarkable that Dr. Dekay's original description agrees more nearly with this shell than with that referred by Morton and others to A. placenta, while his figure is more like the latter. Possibly he may have had fragments of both species before him. Suspecting our Nebraska shell might be identical with a species indicated by Prof. Tuomy, from Mississippi, under the name of A. lobatus, we sent him drawings of one of our specimens, showing its form and all the details of the septa, since which he writes he has no doubt of their identity. As the name lenticularis was previously applied to one or two other species, that given this shell by Prof. Tuomy will have to take pre- cedence, though published after Dr. Owen's. f Having at first only unsatisfactory fragments of this and the following species, we were much puzzled in regard to their afiinities, and referred them provisionally to the genus Aneyloceras. Better specimens recently received, prove them to be Turrilites. 1856.] 281 Gen. ANCYLOCERAS. ^ A? NicoLETTi, Hall and Meek, Mem. Am. Ac. Arts & Sc. Host. vol. 5, new ser. p. 397 A. MoRTONi, Hall and Meek, Mem. Acad. Arts & Sc. Bost. rol. 5, new ser. p. 396 (see corrections at end of that memoir) Gen. BACULITES. II B. ovATtJS, Say, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. vol. 1, pi. 5, fig. 5 and 6 B. COMPRESSUS, Say, Am. Jour. Sc. vol. 11, p. 41 B. GRANDis, Hall & Meek, Mem. Am. Ac. Arts & Sc. Bost. vol. 5, n. s. p. 402 Gen. SGAPHITES. II S. CoNRADi,* Morton, sp Ammonites Conradi, Morton, 1834, Synopsis Org. Remains, p. 39 A. JVebrascensis, Owen, Report Iowa, Wis. and Min. tab. 8, fig. 3 and 3a, tab. 8a, fig. 2 A. Nebrascensis? Owen, Report Iowa, Wis. and Min. tab. 8, fig. 2 A. Moreauensis, Ow^n, " " " " fig. 7 A. Cheyennensis, Owen, " " " tab. 7, fig. 2 S. Mandanensis,! Morton, sp Ammonites 3Iandanensis, Morton, Jour. Acad. N. S. Phila. v. 8, p. x. fig. 2 ?A. ahyssinus, Morton, " " " " " A. 3Iandanensis ? Owen, Report Iowa, Wise, and Minn., tab. 7, fig. 5 S. NicoLLETii, Morton, sp. 1841, Journ. Acad. N. S. Philad. vol. 8, pi. 10, fig. 3 S. comprimus, Owen, 1852, Report Iowa, Wise, and Minn., tab. 7, fig. 5 Ammonites Nicolletii, Morton, Jour. Acad. N. S. Phila. vol. 8, pi. x. fig. 3 S. NODOsus Owen, (not of others,) Rep. Iowa, Min. & Wis. tab. 8, fig. 4 and 4 Formations in ascending ordei-. 4 |5 * Of this truly protean species we have a fine collection of beautiful specimens from the same locality and position as those investigated by Dr. Owen. These we find agree in all respects with his figures, and only differ from his descriptions in always exhibit- ing, when the matrix is cleared out from the umbilicus, six or seven volutions, instead of one and a half to three and a half. A critical comparison of our specimens, with Dr. Owen's figures and Dr. Morton's original specimens in the cabinet of the Academv at Philadelphia, as well as with others from Alabama, loaned us by Prof. Winchell, leads us unavoidably to the conclusion, that they all belong to one exceedingly variable species, in which opinion Mr. Conrad, who has looked over our specimens, concurs with us. A. Nebrascensis, A. Moi-eauensis, and A. Cheyennensis of Owen, are the inner volutions of one strongly marked variety having a larger umbilicus, narrower volutions and stronger costse. It is diflficult to believe this is not a distinct species, yet after a very cai-eful comparison, we cannot see any difference between the septa of shells having these characters, and those of well marked specimens of S. Conradi. f We have perfect specimens of this species, which prove it to be a true Scaphite. Like S. Conradi, it invai'iably shows, when the matrix is removed from the umbilicus, about seven volutions. When divested of the outer whorls, it is so nearly like Dr. Morton's figures of his Ammonites ahyssinus, that we cannot see the slightest difference ; the perforate character of the umbilicus in the specimen figured by him, being proba- bly due to accident. The lobes of the septa of this species are very nearly like those of S. comprimus of Owen, yet we have seen no intermediate gradations of extei-ual form connecting those two, like those between the different varieties of & Conradi. We find it exceedingly diflficult to define limits between species amongst these Nebraska Scaphites. The position and relative size of nodes and costa3, as well as the more or less compressed form of the shell and relative size of the umbilicus, are not, within a considerable range of limits, characters that can always be relied upon. One of our specimens of S. nodosus, (Owen) for example has near the dorso-lateral margin of one side, the usual row of nodes, and none at all on the other. 282 [November, Formations in ascending order. 12 3 4 5 Gen, SCALARIA S. CERITHIF0EMI3, Meek & Hayden, Proo. Acad, Nat. Sc. Phila., v. 8, p. 63 Gen. TURRITELLA T.? coNVEXA, Meek & Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci. Philada.,vol. 8, p. 70 T. MoEEAUENSis, Meek & Hayden, " " " " Gen. ACTEON. A. coNciNNus, Hall & Meek, Mem. Ac. Arta & Sci. Bost.,v. 8, N. S.,p. 390 A. soBELLiPTicus, Meek 8e Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila., v. 8, p. 63 Gen. AVAL AN A. A. 8UBGL0B0SA, Meek & Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada., v. 8, p. 64 Gen. NATICA. N. TuoMYANAjMeek & Hayden, (see accompanying paper.) N. OBLiQDATA, Hall & Meek,Mem. Am, Ac. Art. & Sc. Bost., V. 5, N. S. p. 389 N. coNCiNNA, Hall &Meek, " N. PALUDINAF0RMI3, Hall & Meek, N? AMBiGUA, Meek & Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 8, p. 64 N. SUBCRASSA, Meek & Hayden, " " " " 87 N. oociDENTALis, Meek & Hayden, " N. MoREAUENSis, Meek & Hayden, " Gen. SOLARIUM. S. FLExiSTRiATUM, Evans & Shumard,Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila., v. 7, p. 163 Gen. TURBO. T. Nebrascensis, Meek & Hayden, Proc Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., t. 8, p. 64 T. tenuilineatus. Meek & Hayden, " Gen, ROSTELLARIA R. Nebrascensis, Evans & Shumard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila., v. 7, p. 164 R. FusiFORMis,Hall& Meek, Mem. Am. Ac. Art. &Sc. Bost., v. 5,N. S. p. 393 R. biangulata, Meek & Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. 8, p. 65 11 « II Plestiodon vittigerum, nob. Char. Color grey above, with three broad lighter colored stripes extending the whole length upon the back, and becoming lost upon the tail ; two narrower ones upon the sides'; a broad black band between the external of the dorsal vittae and the inferior lateral stripe; under parts white. Description. The head is of moderate size, slightly swollen at the temples; the rostral plate rounded, heptagonal, broader than long ; two supero-nasals con- tiguous ; a broad internasal; two fronto-nasals ; a frontal pentangular, broader in front, the sides slightly excavated ; two fronto-parietals somewhat larger than the fronto-nasals ; an inter-parietal longer than broad ; two parietals ; nos- tril between two plates ; a naso-frenal ; two frenals, the second larger but not so high as the first; two freno-orbitars ; eight superior labials; five supra-ocular plates ; body moderate ; tail longer than head, neck and body ; 28 rows of broad and smooth hexagonal scales, rounded posteriorly; three or four scales in front of the auricular openings ; third and fourth fingers of nearly equal length, fourth toe the longest. Coloration. Head grayish, obscurely spotted and maculated with black ; dorsal vittaj margined with interrupted spots of black ; extremities maculated with black above ; a narrow white stripe upon the thigh posteriorly : under parts white, immaculate. Dimensions. Length of head T lines ; breadth 5J ; length of body to vent 2 inches 1 line ; of tail 3 inches 10 lines ; of arm 2| lines ; of forearm 3 lines ; of palm to extremity of longest finger 4 lines ; of thigh 4 lines ; of leg 3f ; of sole to extremity of longest toe 6 lines. Habitat. Neighborhood of Flint, Michigan. One specimen in Mus. Acad, pre- sented by Dr. Miles. Gen. Remarks. This may possibly be a variety of Plestiodon quinquelineatum ; it differs, however, much from the latter in the coloration, and in the greater breadth of the scales. Description of a new genus of Colubriform Serpents from California. By Edw. Halloweli,, M. D. Gen. LAMPROSOMA. Char. Teeth of equal length, posterior ones not channelled ; head small, snout rounded, internasals somewhat smaller than prefrontals; frontal short and broad ; nostril in a single plate; a long and narrow frenal ; one antocular, two postocu- lars ; body long and slender, depressed ; scales smooth, quadrangular, brilliant ; tail short, obtuse ; subcaudal scutes bifid. 1856.] 311 Lamprosoma occipitale, nob. Syn. Rhinostoma occipitale, Proceed. A. N. S. vol. vii. 1854, p. 95. Char. 15 rows of smooth quadrangular scales ; color milk white above, with 34 transverse black bands, including one upon posterior part of head ; six com- plete rings of black upon the tail, and one incomplete just behind the anus ; jaws, chin, throat and abdomen white ; interspaces between rings upon under part of tail white. Length of head, neck and body 10 inches 1 line ; of tail 1 inch 7 lines. Ab. scut. 158 ; sub. caud. 34. Habitat. Mohave Desert, Southern California. One specimen in Smithsonian Institution, collected by Dr. A. L. Heermann. Gen. Remarks. Allied to Simotes, but in the latter the nostril opens between two plates, and the snout is conical. Notices of extinct Vertebrata discovered by Dr. F. V. Hayden, during the expedition to the Sioux country under the command of Lieut. G. K. Warren. By Joseph Leidy, M. D. MAMMALIA. 1. Merychippus insignis, Leidy. Founded upon a first and second molar of the upper jaw of a remark- .able equine animal, in the structure of the teeth approximating the ruminant family. The teeth are inserted by distinct fangs ; and the crowns strikingly resemble the true molars of ruminants. There are four demiconoidal lobes holding the same relationship with one another as in the latter, especially as in the Deer. The outer lobes have almost the exact form as in the true molars of Oreodon. The inner lobes resemble those of ruminants, but are complicated with acces- sory folds as in the horse. No cementum fills up the interspaces of the lobes nor does it appear to have existed as part of the structure of these teeth. Antero-posterior diameter of first molar 12 lines ; transverse 8 lines. " " " ■ second molar 10 " " 9 " From the tertiary beds of Bijoux Hills on the Upper Missouri. 2. HiPPARioN (Hippodon) speciosum, Leidy. Pr. A. N. S. VII. 90. Accompanying an inferior molar, there is an unworn upper molar and por- tions of three otlier upper molars, worn away in various degrees, which appear to be the teeth of Ilij^parion, and appear to belong to the same animal as the tooth referred to Hippodon. The inferior molar slightly worn is l\ inches long. 10 lines wide, and 4 lines thick. The unworn upper molar is 20 lines long, 11 lines antero-posteriorly, and 9 lines transversely. Found with the preceding at Bijoux Hills. 3. Leptarctus primus, Leidy. Founded on a single specimen of an upper molar tooth, which bears consider- able resemblance to the fourth superior molar of the Coati. The tooth has a trihedral crown as in the latter and also has three fangs. The inner pair of tubercles of the crown are nearly equal in size; that anteriorly being less well, and that posteriorly better developed than in the Coati. Of the three outer tubercles that anteriorly is more like a talon than a cusp, and the posterior tubercle is better developed in its relation with the median one. I think the specimen represents a genus allied to the Nasua. Found with the preceding at Bijoux Hills. 4. Thespesius occidentalis, Leidy. Among the collection of vertebrate remains are two apparent caudal verte- brae and a first phalanx of some huge animal, which I suspect to be a Dinosau- rian, though they maj^ have belonged to a mammalian. The phalanx and one ,312 [December, vertebra were discovered by Dr. Hayden in the lowest member of the Lignite formation of Grand River, Nebraslva. The other vertebra was obtained by Capt. Alfred Sully from an Indian, and is presented to the Academy. The specimen Dr. Hayden supposes to have been derived from the same locality. The vertebral bodies very much resemble those of the lumbar vertebra? of the elephant in form and size, Ijut they jjossess articular processes of a very distinct character, and one inch in diameter, for chevron bones. Viewed in front, the bodies are quadrately oval in outline and notched above, one of them being 5 inches in diameter, the other 4J inches deep and 4} transversely. Their length is about 2| inches ; their anterior face is convex, and their posterior face is con- cave, with a depth of almost half an inch. The transverse processes, broken away, projected from the conjunction of the vertebral arches and bodies. The spinal foramen, retained entire in the smaller specimen, is circular, and one inch in diameter. The first phalanx is 5 inches long, 4^ wide at base and 3J thick in the same position; and 4 inches wide and 2 J thick at the distal end. Deep concavities exist each side of the latter for the lateral ligaments. The proximal articula- tion is a transverse reniform concavity ; the distal articulation a transverse con- vexity, slightly concave towards the middle. CHELONIA. 5. CoMPSEMTS viCTUs, Lcidy. Founded on a vertebral plate, the greater portion of the fifth costal plate, and a fragment of the last costal plate, from Long Lake, Nebraska. The vertebral plate is an inch broad and nearly the same length. The fifth costal plate is 1^- inches wide, and 2 lines thick, and in its perfect condition appears to have been almost 4 inches long. The fragment of a last costal plate is 3 lines thick. The marking of the third or fourth vertebral scutes upon the fifth costal plate indicates them to have been about 2 inches in width. The free surface of all the bones is thickly studded with granular tubercles, which give to it a shagreened appearance, difierent from anything observed in recent turtles. 6. Emys obscurus, Leidy. Found with the preceding, were the fivagments of a costal plate, which is 16 lines wide, l^ lines thick, and when perfect appears to have been almost 5 inches long. Its free surface is smooth. 7. Trionyx foveatus? Leidy. Proc. A. N. S., VIII. 73. Fragments of a last costal plate, of the right side, 4 lines in thickness, were found with the preceding. PISCES. 8. Mylognathus priscus, Leidy. Founded on an upper maxillary bone of a small chimseroid fish, found in com- pany Avith the above mentioned remains of turtles, at Long Lake, Nebraska. The bone forms a narrow triangle which, in its perfect condition, appears to have been only a little over an inch in length, and it is 3j lines wide at the 2)OSterior part. Two teeth occupy the whole length and breadth of its surface. Their free surface is convex and porous. The posterior one is almost 8 lines long, and the anterior one about 6 lines. Descriptions of three new genera; twenty-three new species Middle Tertiary Fossils from California, and one from Texas. By T. A. Conrad. JANIRA, Shum. Janira hella. Subtriangular ; inferior valve convex, ribs 14 or 15, square, about as wide as the intervening spaces, very prominent, some of them with 1856.] S13 one or two longitudinal obsolete lines ; disk finely wrinkled concentrically ; upper valve flattened, deeply depressed towards the apex ; ribs rather narrower than those of the opposite valve, obscurely bicarinated above, disk orna- mented with close, fine, squamose, concentric wrinkles. Length 4 inches: heighth 3| inches. Locality. — Santa Barbara, Gal. Dr. Newberry. PALLIUM, Klein. 1. P. eslrcllanum. Suborbicular ; lower valve ventricose, slightly undulated ; ribs 17, broad, little prominent, convex, with an intermediate linear rib, from which the larger ribs are separated by an impressed line ; upper valve convex, somewhat undulated, ribs flattened and the intermediate small ribs with a lon- gitudinal impressed line on the lower part of the valve. Height 2 J inches. Locality. Estrella valley, Cal. Dr. Newberry. 2. P. crassicardo. Obtusely ovate or suborbicular, thick ; lower valve ventricose ; ribs 15 — 16, elevated, back rounded, sides flattened, disks radiato- striate, 9 or 10 on the ribs, intervals of ribs concave, umbo or whole disk at wide intervals having a tendency to be humped and nodose ; upper valve con- vex or slightly ventricose; ears large, equal ; hinge thick, with promineat, acute, oblique teeth ; fosset profound ; muscular impression very large. Height 5 inches. Locality. Monterey Co., Cal. A. S. Taylor. PECTEN, Lin. 1. Pecten Meehii. Suborbicular, compressed ; ribs 19 not very prominent, convex-depressed on the back, angulated on the sides. Height 6J inches. Locality. San Raphael Hills. Mr. Antisell. 2, P. aUiplectus. Obtusely ovate ; vibs squamose, slender, 9 of them distant profoundly elevated. Height 2} inches. Locality. With the preceding. Mr. Antisell. PACHYDESMA, Conrad. P. Inezana. Triangular, equilateral ; anal side subcuneiform ; teeth robust. Locality. Santa Inez Mountains. Mr. Antisell. MULINIA, Gray. M. densata. Subovate, ventricose, thick, very inequilateral ; posterior side very short comparatively, contracted ; extremity subtruncated, much above the line of the base; posterior basal margin very oblique and contracted ; anterior end obliquely truncated ; anterior basal margin rounded ; summits prominent, distant ; lateral teeth very robust and prominent ; inner margin entire. Length 2^ inches. Locality. Santa Barbara, Cal. Dr. Newberry. THRACIA, Leach. Thracia mactropsis. Subtriangular, subequilateral, ventricose ; anterior side cuneiform or subrostrated, posterior end regularly rounded ; ligament margin very oblique; base regularly and profoundly rounded; umbonal slope abruptly rounded ; summit prominent, posterior to the middle of the valve ; anterior ex- tremity angular. Length 1 inch. Locality. — Monterey Co., California. Dr. Newberry. MYA, Lin. Mya Montereyana. Su^oval, slightly ventricose, thin, inequilateral ; summit hardly prominent ; anterior end subtruncated ? posterior end acutely rounded, 314 [December, the extremity situated more nearly on a line with the beak than the base ; disk concentrically rugoso-striate. Length IJ- inches. Z/oca%.— Monterey, Gal. Dr. Newberry. ARCA, Lin. 1. Area canalis. Subtrapezoidal, ventricose ; ribs 24—26, flattened, scarcely prominent, divided by a longitudinal furrow; disk concentrically wrinkled ; umbo ventricose ; summits prominent, remote from the centre. Length 2^ inches. Height 1| inches. Locality. Santa Barbara, Gal. 2. Area trilineata. Trapezoidal, somewhat produced, inequilateral, ventri- cose ; ribs 22—24, scarcely prominent, square, wider than the intervening spaces, ornamented with three impressed or four raised lines ; disks concentrically wrin- kled ; summits prominent; beaks approximate. Length 3 inches. Locality. — Occurs with the preceding. 3. Area conyesta. Rhomboidal, ventricose, inequilateral ; ribs about 27, con- vex on the back, wider than the intervals which are transversely striate ; an- terior ribs crenate ; ligament margin elevated ; posterior end obtusely rounded ; summits prominent. Length f inch. Locality. — California. Dr. Newberry. AXINiEA, Poll. PECTUNCULUS, Lam. Axincea barbarensis. Lentiform, subequilateral, concentrically wrinkled ; ribs about 37, scarcely prominent, flat, defined by an impressed line, wanting on the submargins and obsolete towards the base ; summits slightly prominent. Length 1| inches ; height rather more than 1|- inches. ARCOPAGIA. Arcopagia medialis. Oval, both valves slightly ventricose anteriorly ; upper valve ,much contracted or concave towards the umbonal slope which is angu- ated ; post-umbonal slope slightly contracted in the middle, emarginate at base : the corresponding slope of the lower valve deeply folded, reflected towards the extremity; disks rugoso-striate concentrically. It has an affinity to A bijjUeaia, Conrad, but is proportionally longer. ioca/%.— Monterey Co., Cal. A. S. Taylor. TAPES, Sowerby. Tapes linieatum. Oblong-oval, ventricose ; buccal side short, extremity ob- tusely rounded ; anal side elongated, end regularly rounded ; ligament margin long, oblique, straight ; disks radiated with fine, unequal lines, except on the post-umbonal slope which is entire. Length 2 inches. Locality. — Dr. Newberry. CRYPTOMYA, Conrad. Cryptomya ovalis. Oval, compressed, posterior end truncated ; umbonal slope angulated on th« umbo ; beaks medial ; basal margin medially truncated ; disk medially flattened. Locality. — Monterey Co., Cal. Dr. Newberry. CYCLAS, Klein, LUCINA, Lam. Cyclas teirica. Suboval, compressed? very inequilateral, somewhat oblique ; disks concentrically striate ; larger strije prominent, acute, distant, the intervals with 4 or 5 unequ.al, fine, wrinkled lines; beaks scarcely prominent above the dorsal line. Length 1| inches. Locality.— lloni&vbj Co., Cal. A. S. Taylor. 1856.] 315 SPONDYLUS. Spondylus Estrallensis. Obtusely ovate ; both valves ventricose ; ribs 17, not very prominent, rounded, rugose ; valves with radiating striae. Locality. — Estrella valley. Mr. Antisell. DOSINIA, Scopoli. 1. Dosina longula. Regularly ventricose, inequilateral, longitudinally oval ; margins and base regularly rounded ; summit prominent; buccal margin more obtusely rounded than the anal. Length 1 l-5th inch. ioc«7%.— Monterey, Cal. Dr. Newberry. 2. Dosinia alta. Obtusely subovate or suboval from beak to base ; posterior margin curved, profoundly oblique ; base regularly and rather acutely rounded ; summits prominent, oblique ; surface marked with numerous fine, concentric, impressed lines; beaks medial. Height 4 inches. iocaZeV?/.— Monterey, Cal. Dr. Newberry. LUTRARIA. Lutraria transmontana. Longitudinally ovato-triangular, inequilateral, thin ; anal side subcuneiform ; surface concentrically indented , umbo irregularly plicated. 1 oealily. — Ranche Triumpho, near Los Angelos. Mr. Antisell. SCHIZOPYGA, Conrad. Bucciniform ; columella concave, plicate ; lower part of body voluticn deeply channelled, the channel emarginating the columella. Schizopyga Californiana. Volutions rounded, having revolving ribs and longi- tudinal furrows, giving the ribs a nodulous character ; basal excavation pro- found. Locality. — Santa Clara, Cal. Dr. Newberry. TAMIOSOMA, Conrad. An elongated tube, apparently entire, porous and cellular throughout its sub- stance; interior filled with numerous irregularly-disposed vaulted cells con- nected by longitudinal slender tubes, funnel-shaped beneath ; aperture resem- bling that of Balanus. Tamiosoma gregaria. SubquaJrangular, elongated, longitudinally furrowed and striate, and having fine, undulated, transverse lines ; mouth small, oblique ; upper part of the tube oblique, deeply indented or Balaniform, and coarsely striated longitudinally. Length 8 inches. Locality — Monterey Co., California. A. S. Taylor. Growing in clusters like Balani. No sutures, indicating separate valves ; cells very thin plates, convex surface downwards. Echinoderms. ASTRODAPSIS, Conrad. Suboval, depressed; ambulacral areas elevated or ridged; ambulacra nearly straight, widely open at the extremity; mouth central; anus submarginal, beneath ; radiating grooves as in Laganum. Astrodapsis Antiselli. Pentangular, suboval ; ambulacral ridges rounded on the back, straight and oblique on the sides ; interambulacral areas profoundly depressed, angulated in the middle ; point of divergence of the ambulacra de- pressed below the level of the ridges, not quite central, but anterior to the middle ; anus small, almost marginal. Lengthlf inch. Locality.— UoniQX&y Co., Cal. A. S. Taylor. 316 f December, MELLITA, Klein. Mellita Texana. Suborbicular ; very wide anterior to the middle ; ambulacra moderately curved, nearly closed; lunules 5, moderately wide. Locality. — Texas. Dr. Francis Moore. Form of M. testinata, Klein, but the ambulacra are proportionally longer and and the middle lunule much shorter. (A tertiary fossil.) Catalogue of Birds collected at Cape Lopez, Western Africa, by Mr. P. B. DuChaillu, in 1856, with notes and descriptions of new species. By John Cassin. During some months passed at Cape Lopez, in which Mr. DuChaillu made the present collection of birds and collections of great interest in other departments, his researches extended to a distance of about sixty miles from the coast. The larger part was, however, collected in the immediate vicinity of Cape Lopez. Latterly Mr. DuChaillu has not sent in his collections specimens of common birds previously transmitted. This fact will account for omissions of well- known species in the present catalogue. 1. Gypohierax angolensis, (Gmelin.) Falco angolensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 252, (1788.) Gray's Genera, i. pi. 4. Jard. & Sel. 111. Orn. N. S. pi. 13. Young 5 • Entire plumage pale fuscous, very light on the throat and abdo- men, and nearly white on the occiput. Quills and tail brownish black, bill and tarsi greenish yellow. This is the only specimen of the young of Gypohierax that has ever come under our notice, though we have frequently seen the adult. In this specimen the pale brown represented in Jard. and Selby 111., as cited above, extends to the entire body and head, the occiput only being nearly white. It has attained the size of maturity. 2. Lanius Smithii, Fraser. Lanius Smithii, Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843, p. 16. Specimens of both sexes, which are very similar, the females being only slightly lighter in color. 3. Laniarius Peli, (Bonaparte.) Malaconotus Peli, Bonap. Consp. Av. p. 360, (1850.) Laniarius lepidus, Cassin, Proc. Acad. Philada., vii. p. 327, (1855.) This appears to be a species of frequent occurrence in equatorial Africa. We committed the indiscretion of describing and naming this bird, not being able to recognize it from the short description in Bonaparte's Consp. as above, which is comprised in exactly eleven words. The only use of such descriptions is, that they answer for a sort of caveat to all other naturalists against describing any species at all similar ; and to such extent is this obscure and absurd style persisted in by a few European ornithologists, that there are now about enough irrecognizable descriptions published to cover all possible birds that may be discovered for some time to come. For the means of determining this species we are indebted to that accomplished and accurate ornithologist Dr. Hartlaub, of Bremen, whose description is in Cabanis' Journal, 1855, p. 358. 4. Tepurodornis ocreatds, Strickland. Tephrodornis ocreatus, Strickl., Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1844, p. 102. Fraser, Zool. Typ. pi. 36. Several specimens, which are almost precisely as figured by Fraser as above, and though all have a general aspect of immaturity, yet are very nearly alike. The females have rather more of the black edgings on the breast and throat, and are slightly smaller. The integral character of the scales of the tarsi holds 1856.] 317 good in all these specimens, and is a very curious character, the tarsus having apparently but a single scale in front and another on each side. 5. MusciPETA PLAViVENTEis, Verrcaux. Muscipeta flaviventris, Verr. Cab. Jour., 1855, p. 103. One of the most beautiful species of this group and having the under parts of a rich orange color, quite peculiar. The adult male is described by M. Ver- reaux ; the female is smaller and of lighter colors, back and throat approaching bluish cinereous, under parts nearly as in the male. 6. PliATYSTIRA MELANOPTBRA, (GmeliQ.) Muscicapa melanoptera, Gm. Syst. Nat. p. 939, (1788.) Jard. & Sel.m. pi. 9. Not to be distinguished from specimens obtained at more northern localities on the coast. 7. Artomyias fuliginosa, Verreaux. Artomyias fuliginosa, Verreaux, Cabanis' Jour., 1855, p. 104, (March.) Butalis infuscatus, Cassin, Proc. Acad. Phila., vii. p. 326, (April, 1855.) The adult is described by M. Verreaux and myself as above. The young is of the same general colors, but with the abdomen, rump and wing coverts thickly spott(?d with white, which predominates in the middle of the abdomen, and marks the tips of the wing coverts. This is a most singular form of Iluscicapa, and so nearly approaching the general characters of Hirundo, that although specimens have been in my posses- sion for nearly twenty years, I never felt fully assured that it was not an ob- scure style of Cotyle, until informed by Mr. DuChaillu that it is strictly a Fly- catcher in its habits. It was first sent by Dr. MacDowell from St. Paul's River. 8. Pratincola salax, Verreaux. Pratincola salax, Verreaux, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1851, p. 307. Messrs. Verreaux describe the male of this handsome species. Specimens marked as females in Mr. DuChaillu's collection have the upper parts grayish, with obscure longitudinal stripes of dark brown. Throat gray, breast and flanks dull chestnut, abdomen and rump white. 9. Macronyx flaviventris, Swainson. Macronyx flaviventris, Sw. B. of W. Af. i. p. 215. Jard. & Selby, III. Orn. N. S. pi. 22. In mature plumage and very nearly as described and figured above. Alauda crocea, Vieill. is a very distinct affair and not much like the present bird. 10. Anthus Gouldii, Fraser. Anthus Gouldii, Fras. Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1843, p. 27. Plenty of specimens and all of one species, but not clearly recognizable from Fraser's description. They are, however, obscurely marked, but about the size and general style as described. 11. Andsopadus latirostris, Strickland. Andropadus latirostris, Strickl. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1844, p. 100. Numerous specimens. There are not, however, in the present collection any specimens of the allied but quite distinct species A. gracilirostris, Strickl., though both are in collections formerly received from the river Moondah. 12. Tricophorus calurus, Cassin. Tricophorus calurus, Cassin, Proc. Acad. Philada., viii. p. 158, (1856.) Specimens presenting no characters other than as described. 13. Tricophorus notatus, Cassin. Tricophorus notatus, Cassin, Proc. Acad, Philada., viii. p. 158, (1856.) Precisely similat to specimens originally described by me. 318 [December, 14. Syncopta tincta, Cassin. Syncopta tincta, Cassin, Proc. Acad. Philada., vii. p. 325, (1855.) In plumage exactly the same as the original specimens. 10. Sylvietta microura, (Riippel.) Troglodytes micrurus, Eiipp., Neue Wirb. Abyss, pi. 41, fig. 2. Much like the figure as cited and very probably identical. 16. CiSTicoLA cuRSiTANS, (Franklin.) Prinia cursitans, Frank., Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1831, p. 118. "Cisticola oryzicola, Temm., ex Borneo." Label on spec, from Leyden Mu- seum. Jard. 111. Ind. Orn. pi. 6. Not distinguishable from India specimens, and we may add, scarcely from European Sylvia cisticola. The first that 1 have seen from Africa. 17. Drymoioa, Swainson. Specimens of two species in the present collection I cannot refer to known Western African species of this genus, but must defer naming them until my leisure will allow a full examination of the group. 18. Spermestes cucullata, Swainson. Spermestes cucullata, Sw. B. of W. Af. i. p. 201, Von Miiller Beitr. Orn. Afr. pi. 16. Specimens labelled as adults of both sexes are very similar, but the young are quite different. The entire plumage is dull brown, like the back of the adult, tinged with ashy on the lower parts, and nearly white in the middle of the ab- domen. Not a vestige of the glossy metallic tints of the head, breast and sides of the adult. The Baron Von Miiller gives very handsome figures of adults, as above. 19. Ortygospiza atricollis, (Vieillot.) Fringilla atricollis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xii. p. 182, (1817.) Fringilla polyzona, Temm.? Temm. pi. col. 221, fig. 3? Specimens in the present collection agree with the description of Vieillot. but though apparently in adult plumage, have no white on the throat nor around the eyes in either sex. I have also before me seven specimens of the true 0. poly- zona from " Gambia," in which this character is present. In other respects the two are very similar. Females have the throat pale cinereous, not black as in the male. 20. ESTRELDA MELPODA, (Vieillot.) Fringilla melpoda, Vieill., Ency. Meth. p. 987. Vieill. Ois. Ch. pi. 7. Beautiful specimens of both species. The female only differs from the male in being lighter colored. 21. Fringillaria tahapisi, (Smith.) " Emberiza tahapisi. Smith, Rep. of S. Af. Exp." Two specimens which are the first appearance of this species in the fauna of Western Africa. Not having access to the description by Dr. Smith, I apply this name on the faith of that accurate ornithologist Mr. Jules Verreaux, who pre- sented specimens from South Africa to the Museum of this Academy. Those specimens are strictly identical with the present, and are labelled by Mr. Ver- reaux " type de Smith." 22. Sycobius nigerrimus, (Vieillot.) Ploceus nigerrimus, Vieill. Ency. Meth. p. 700. Ploceus niger, Swains, Cab. Cy. Menag. p. 306. Specimens labelled by Mr. DuChaillu as both sexes of this little-known species are entirely black, and differ only slightly in size and lustre of plumage. The young are however very different, having the upper parts dark green with Ion- 1856.] 319 gitudinal stripes of brown and black, under parts dull yellow darker on the sides, wings and tail in some specimens brown, in others black. Bill lighter colored than in the adult, under mandible nearly white. In young plumage this bird might readily be mistaken for a distinct species. 23. Sycobius malimbcs, (Temminck.) Textor malimbus, Temrn. Malimbus cristatus, Vieill. ( 9 ) Sycobius rubricoUus, Sw. An. Menag. p. 306. Euplectus rufovelatus, Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. fiOndon, 1842 p. 42 ? Vieill. Ois. Chant, pi. 43. Fras. Zool. Typ. pi. 46 ? I have at this moment specimens before me of all known species of Syco- bius as given by late ornithologists, but am not without diffculty in referring a single specimen in the present collection to either of them. It has a large oc- cipital spot or band of bright scarlet extending somewhat to the sides of the neck. Front and cheeks fully including and above the eyes and all other parts of the plumage fine lustrous black. The present specimen is exactly of the size of Viellot's figure cited above, but too small for that of Fraser, though in color resembling the head in the second figure of his plate. I have no doubt that it is the bird represented by Vieillot though perhaps not in adult plumage, but I have doubts of its being Fraser's bird, and also of the supposed identity of the two. A fine specimen of ^S*. rufo- velatus now before me is larger, with the bill straighter and thicker, and very nearly as represented in Fraser's plate. In the present bird the front to the eyes is lustrous black. I regard it as S. malimbus in a stage of plumage analogous to that represented by Fraser in the second figure of his plate. 24. Hyphantornis flavigula, Hartlanb. Hyphantornis flavigula, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1845, p. 406. Hyphantornis Grayi, Verreaux Rev. etMag. Zool. 1851, p. 514. In numerous specimens received from Mr. DuGhaillu, the above are invariably labelled as males and females of the same species. 25. CoLiosTRUTHDS MACROURUS, (Gmelin.) Loxia macroura, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 845, (1788.) Fringilla flavoptera, Vieill. Vidua chrysonota, Sw. B. of W. Af. i. p. 178. Buff. PI. Enl. 183, fig. 1. Vieill. Ois. Chant, pi. 41. In beautiful plumage. This is the most southern locality that I have ever seen for this species. 26. CORYTHAIX PERSA, (LinUSBUS.) Cuculus persa, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 171, (1766.) Edwards' Birds, pi. 7. The species with a crest having red tips. Apparently common in Equatorial Africa. 27. TocKus FASCIAT0S, (Shaw.) Buceros fasciatus, Shaw. Le Vaill. B. of Af. pi. 233. Several specimens of the real T. fasciatus, with the second and third feathers of the tail pure white, though the first and those of the middle are black. In the young bird the tips only of the two feathers are white. T. sernifasciatus, Temm. Cabanis' Jour. 1855, p. 35G, is very much like the present bird in young plumage, but a specimen now before me (of T. semifasciatus) from the Rivoli col- lection is considerably larger and has a mature appearance. 28. TocKus cAMURUS, nobis. The smallest known bird of this group. Allied to, and somewhat resembling, T. melanoleucus (Le Vaill. Ois. d'Af. pi. 234). Bill greatly compressed, with a 320 [December, sharp slightly raised culmen, curved. Wing short, fifth and sixth quills longest: tail rather long. Total length about 13J inches, wing 6, tail G} inches. Bill red. Entire upper parts, throat and breast amber brown, strongly tinged with fulvous on the rump, and with greenish bronze on the wings and tail. "Wing coverts tipped with white, forming two conspicuous bars diagonally cross- ing the wing. Primaries with a single spot of pale fulvous on each web, larger on the inner, tertiaries edged with pale fulvous on both webs. Under parts from the breast white, tinged with cinereous on the sides. Tail amber brown, with a greenish bronzed lustre, tipped with white, shafts of tail feathers above yellowish white inclining to golden ; below white. Legs dark. Hab. Cape Lopez, Western Africa. Discovered by Mr. P. B. DuChaillu. This is the smallest bird of the genera Buceros and Tockus that I have ever seen, and appears to be the smallest known species. It resembles in some mea- sure T. mclanoleums as above mentioned, but is much smaller. Three specimens are in the collection, essentially alike. 29. Halcyon senbgalbnsis, (Linnaeus.) Alcedo senegalensis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 180,(1766.) Swains. Zool. 111. pi. 27. Not to be distinguished from specimens obtained at more northern localities. 30. Caprimulgus binotatus, Temminck. Caprimulgus binotatus, Temm. Cabanis' Jour. 1855, p. 355. The only species of this group that has been received from the Gaboon coun- try. It appears to be this species and is a true Caprimulgus allied to C.pecioralis, Cuvier, C. poUoccphalus, Riippel and others. 31. Anthreptes Frasbri, Jardine. Anthreptes Frazeri, Jard. 111. Orn. n. s. p. pi. 52. A single specimen very nearly as described and figured above, but having some appearance of immaturity. 32. Nectarinia cuprea, (Shaw.) Certbia cuprea, Shaw. Cinnyris erythronotus, Sw. B. of W. Af. ii. p. 30, pi. 15. Vieill. Ois. dor. pi. 27. Numerous specimens. The female and young are dull yellowish green above, and dull yellow beneath ; totally unlike the male in plumage. 33. Nectarinia cyanocephala, (Vieill.) Certhia cyanocephala, Vieill. Cinnnyris chloronotus, Sw. B.ofW. Af. ii.'p. 136, pi. 16. Vieill. Ois. dor. pi. 7, 25. Jardine Mon. pi. 10. Apparently a common species at Cape Lopez. 34. Centropus monachus, Riippell. Centropus monachus, Riipp. Faun. Abyss, pi. 21. A single specimen strictly identical with specimens in the Academy Museum from Mr, Riippell's collection. Larger than C. senegalensis. 35. Merops bicolor, Daudin. Merops bicolor, Daud. Ann. du Mus. ii. pi. 440, pi. 62, fig 1. Merops malimbus, Shaw Nat. Misc. pi. 701. Vieill. Gal. i. pi. 186. Le Vaill. Guep. pi.' 5. Apparently abundant in Equatorial Africa. 36. Merops Bullockioides, A. Smith. Merops Bullockioides, A. Smith, S. Af. Quar. Jour. 1834. Smith, 111. Zool. S. Af. Aves, pi. 9. Several specimens of both sexes are in the collection. 1856.] 321 37. Merops variegatus, Vieillot. Merops variegatus, Vieill. Ency. Meth. p, 390. Merops cyanipectus, Verreaux, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1851, p. 269 Le Vaill. Guep. pi. 7. Numerous specimens. 38. Dendrobates Caroli, (Malhcrbe.) Ohloropicus Caroli, Malh. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1852, p. 550. Numerous specimens. 39. PoGONiAS HiRSUTUs, Swainsou. Pogonias hirsutus, Sw. Zool. 111. ii. pi. 72. 40. OxYLOPHus JACOBiNus, (Boddaert.) Cuculus jacobinus, Bodd. Tab. PI. Enl. Cuculus serratus, Sparrm. Mus. Carls. Cuculus ater, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 415. Sparrm. Mus. Carls, pi. 3. Lev. Ois d'Af. pi. 207, 208. The debut of this species in the fauna of Western Africa. One specimen only, which is probably a female, having the under parts dull ashy white. It is quite identical with specimens from Southern Africa in the museum of the Academy. 41. Treron calva, (Temminck.) Columba calva, Temm. Knip and Prev, Pigeons, ii. pi. 7. 42. Pbristera chalcospilos, (Wagler.) Columba chalcospilos, Wagler. Riipp. Syst. Uebers. pi. 38. Buff. pi. Ent. 160. 43. Peeistera puella, Schlegel. Peristera puella, Schlegel. Beydrag. Dierk. i. p. 17, pi. 6, (1848.) One of the most beautiful of the Doves of Africa. Uur specimens are pre- cisely as given in the highly valuable work above cited. 44. Feancolinus Lathami, Hartlaub. Francolinus Lathami, Hartl. Cab. Jour. 1855, p. 210. "Francolinus Peli, Temm." Label on specimen from Leyden Museum. Leona Partridge, Lath. Gen. Hist. viii. p. 273. Avery handsome species well described by Latham. This bird belongs strictly to the same group as Colurnix histrionica, Hartlaub, and bears a general resem- blance to that species, but is quite distinct. Sexes nearly alike, the female having the white spots of the under parts larger. ■ 45. Francolinus squamatus, nobis. About the size of and belonging to the same group as F. nudkollis and F. Nata- lensis. Bill rather strong, sixth quill longest; tertiaries longer than primaries ; upper tail coverts long ; legs stout ; tarsus in the male with one short, sharp spur. Total length about 14 inches ; wing 7J ; tail 3^ inches. Entire upper parts dark reddish brown, unspotted on the head, variegated with dull reddish white on the back, and with irregular transverse stripes of black on the back, rump and wings. Feathers of the neck edged with ashy white. Entire under parts brownish cinereous with a tinge of fulvous, every feather large and having a dark brown shaft, and conspicuously edged with the same color. Throat paler, breast darker. Upper mandible dark bluish, under mandible red, feet red. Under tail coverts dark reddish brown. Female smaller. With a large collection before me, including very nearly all the species of Dr. Smith, I have failed to recognize this bird as a described species. The present specimens are the first that I have ever seen. The large and scale-like character of the plumage of the under parts is quite peculiar. 46. NUMIDA PLUMIFERA, noblS. Of the same subgeneric group (Gutiera) as N. cristata, and bearing a general resemblance to that species. Head above with an ample crest of straight, erect, narrow feathers ; occiput, throat and upper part of neck cov.ered with short 322 [December, downy feathers in the male, naked in the female. Bill rather stout ; rictal mem- brane small ; fourth and fifth quills longest; tertiaries longer than primaries; upper and under tail coverts ample and long ; legs stout. Total length about 16J inches ; wing 9 ; tail 5 inches. Colors generally resembling those of iV^. cristata^ but without the black of the neck and breast of that species. Crest in both sexes and downy plumage of the head in the male black ; secondary quills with their outer webs yellowish white ; tertiaries with narrow longitudinal stripes of bluish white on their outer and exposed webs. All other parts of the plumage above and below (including the neck and breast) bluish black or slate color, with numerous circular spots of bluish white rather larger on the neck. Bill bluish, lighter at the tip, legs bluish. Female similar to the male, but with the white spots rather larger on the neck; naked skin of the head dark, (naked in the female only.) This interesting addition to African Ornithology is strictly of the same group as Numida cristata, Pallas, Spic. Zool. pi. 2, but is readily to be distinguished by its erect crest, which is peculiar, and the absence of the black neck and breast of that species. The white spots on all parts of the body are smaller than in N. cristata, and extend to the neck, breast and tibise, which in that species are black. Specimens of both sexes are in the collection. Genus PHASIDUS. Allied to Numida, Linn, and to Agelastus, Temm. Bill strong, curved, rather wide and rounded at the tip ; wing moderate ; fifth and sixth primaries longest; tertiaries longer than primaries ; tail moderate ; tarsus stout, with large, some- what rounded or hexagonal scales in front; toes rather long, claws long, stouts Head naked, except a longitudinal stripe on the top of the head. 47. Phasidus nigbk, nobis. Head and throat naked, but with a longitudinal stripe of short black feathers from the base of the bill to the occiput, ending abruptly'. Neck before and throat with a few short black feathers, behind and below the bare space densely covered with short black feathers. Entire plumage black, very obscurely punctated and vermiculated, with a lighter shade on the upper parts and lighter on the middle of the abdomen. Bill corneous, with the edges of the mandibles nearly white; legs and toes dark corneous. Naked space on the head probably yellow or light red. Male. Total length about 17 inches ; wing 8 ; tail G inches. This is the most remarkable bird yet discovered by Mr. DuChaillu, It belongs to the same group as Numida and Agelastus, but is more intimately allied to the latter, of which the only known form is Agelastus meleagrides, Temm. Cabanis' Jour. 1855, p. 356, and for a fine specimen of which this Academy is indebted to the liberality of the distinguished naturalist by whom it was first introduced to the notice of ornithologists. A single specimen, labelled as a male, is in the collection, and is from a few miles in the interior, ^t Cape Lopez. The general appearance of this bird is not unlike that of Gallophasis purpureus, Gray, but is generically distinct. 48. HiATicuLA PEC0ARIA, (Tcmmiuck.) Charadrius pecuarius, Temm. PI. Col. v. pi. 183. Identical with South African specimens in the Academy's Museum. 49. Nycticorax europ^us, Stephens. Nycticorax europasus, Steph. Gould B. of Eur. pi. 279. A single specimen in very mature plumage. Rather lighter in color than specimens from Europe, and with the white of the front extending over and behind the eye. The Committee on Proceedings presented a Special Report, which was adopted. The Corresponding Secretary read his Report for last month. 1856.] 323 The Recording Secretary presented the following ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1856, During the past year, December 1, 1855, to November SOth, 1856, there have been elected thirty-one Members and ten Correspondents. Six Membershave died, to wit : Mr. Thomas Fisher, Isaac A. Pennypacker, M. D., Mr. Jonathan Edwards Taggert, Madison Rush, late U. S. Navy, Mr. Samuel B. Ashmead, and Edmund Lang, M. D. During the same period the following Papers have been presented to the Academy for publication in the Journal or Proceedings : — By the Reverend M. J. Berkeley and the Reverend M. A. Curtis. " A Com- mentary on the ' Synopsis Fungorum in America Boreali Media Degentium.' By L. De Schweinitz." Published in the JournaL By John Cassin, four, to wit : " Notices of some new and little-known Birds in the collection of the U. S. Exploring Expedition in the Vincennes and Peacock, and in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia ;" "Notes on North American Birds in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia;" "Descriptions of new species of African Birds in the Mu- seum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, collected by Mr. P. B. DuChaillu, in Equatorial Africa ;" " Descriptions of new species of Birds in the National Museum, Washington, and in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia." By T. A. Conrad, two, to wit: "Notes on the Miocene and Post-pliocene Deposits of California, with descriptions of two new fossil corals;" " Description of a new species of Pentamerus." By James Deane, M. D. " On the Sandstone Fossils of the Connecticut river." Published in the JournaL By Elias Durand. " Plantee Kaneanae Articae et Polares." Published in the Journal. By Charles Girard, M. D., four, to wit : " Contributions to the Ichthyology of the Western Coast of the United States ;" " On a new genus and species of Uro- dela ;" " Researches upon the Cyprinoid Fishes inhabiting the fresh waters of the United States of America, west of the Mississippi Valley ;" "Notice upon the species of the genus Salmo, of authors." By Edward Hallowell, M. D., seven, to wit: "On anew species of Ambystoma from Lake Superior;" "Descriptions of two new Urodeles from Georgia;" " Notes on the Reptiles in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia;" " On several new Reptiles in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia;" " Notes on the Reptiles in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia;" " Notice of a collection of Reptiles from Kansas and Nebraska ;" " On a new and remarkable genus of Ranidse from the river Parana." By L. Harper. " Ceratites Americanus." By Rufus Haymond, M. D. " Birds of Southern Indiana." By Thomas P. James. " An enumeration of Mosses detected in the Northern United States, which are not comprised in Gray's Manual." By Robert Kennicott. " Description of a new Snake from Illinois." By Isaac Lea, LL. D.,nine, to wit: "Description of new fresh water shells of California;" "Description of a new species of Triquetra;" " Description of a new genus of Naiades ;" "Description of twenty-five species of Exotic Unios ;" " Description of four new species of Exotic Unios ;" " Description of thirteen species of Exotic Periostoma;" "Description of fifteen new species of Mela- niana;" "On the Byssus in the genus Unio;" "Description of eleven new species of Uniones from Georgia." 24 324 . [December, By Major John LeConte, four, to wit : " Observations on the North American Bats ;" " Descriptive Catalogue of the Raninae of the United States;" "Descrip- tion of two new species of Hesperomys ;" " New species of Hyla." By John L. LeConte, M. D., six, to wit : " Synopsis of the Mycetophagidseof the United States ;" " Synopsis of the Phalacridae of the United States ;" " Note on the genus Lithodus of Schoenherr ;" "Notice of three genera of ScarabaeidJB in the United States ;" " Analytical Table of the species of Chlaeneus found in the United States ;" " Synopsis of the Melolonthidae of the United States." Published iu the Journal. By Joseph Leidy, M. D., sixteen, to wit : " Notices of some Tape Worms ;" "Descriptions of two new Ichthyodorulites ;" "A synopsis of Entozoa and some of their Ecto-congeners observed by the Author ;" " Notice of some Remains of ex- tinct Mammalia recently discovered by Dr. F. V. Hayden in the ' bad lands' of Ne- braska ;" two papei-s ; " Description of some Remains of Fishes from the Carbo- niferous and Devonian Formations of the United States ;" published in the Jour- nal. " Description of some remains of Extinct Mammalia ;" published in the Journal. " Notices of remains of extinct Fishes and Reptiles discovered by Dr. F. V. Hayden, etc. ;" " Notices of three extinct Pishes ;" " Notice of the remains of a species of Seal from the Post-pliocene deposit of the Ottawa river ;" " Notices of several genera of extinct Mammalia, previously less perfectly characterized ;" " Notice of some remains of extinct Vertebrated Animals ;" " Notices of extinct Vertebrated Animals of New Jersey, etc, ;" " Notices of remains of extinct Vertebrated Animals discovered by Prof. E. Emmons ;" " Notices of some re- mains of fishes discovered by John E. Emory;" "Notices of remains of two species of seal." By F, B. Meek and F.V. Hayden, M. D., four, to wit: "Descriptions of thirty new species of Gasteropoda from the Cretaceous formation of Nebraska Territory ;" "Descriptions of new species of Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda from the Cretace- ous formation of Nebraska Territory ;" " Descriptions of thirty new species of Ace- phala and Gasteropoda from the Cretaceous Formation of Nebraska Territory ;" " Descriptions of new species of Acephala and Gasterpoda, from the Tertiary Formation of Nebraska Territory ;" " Descriptions of new fossil species of MoUusca collected by Dr. F. V. Hayden in Nebraska Territory." By James Aitken Meigs, M. D. " Catalogue of Human Crania in the collection of the late Samuel George Morton, M. D., etc." By J. S. Newberry, M. D. " Descriptions of several new genera and species of Fossil Fishes, from the Carboniferous Strata of Ohio." By W. F. Rogers. " Synopsis of the Chrysomela and allied genera inhabiting the United States." By Abraham Sager. " Descriptions of Myriapoda, supposed to be new." By Phillip Lutley Sclater, two, to wit : " Description of a new species of Tana- ger of the genus Saltator ;" " Characteristics of an apparently undescribed Bird belonging to the genus Spix, etc." By B. F. Shumard, M, D., and L. P. Yandell, M. D. " Notice of a new fossil genus belonging to the Family Blastoidea, from the Devonian Strata near Louis- ville, Ky." By W. J. Taylor. "Examination of Meteoric Iron, from Xiquipilco, Mexico." In all seventy-three. All of which is respectfully submitted by B. Howard Rand, M. D., Recording Secretary. Dec. 30ih, 1856. 1856.] 325 The following Report of the Librarian was read and adopted . LIBRARIAN'S REPORT FOR 1856. The additions to the Library of the Academy during the current year amount to 1,449, of which number 295 are complete volumes, and 1,154 are pamphlets, scientific periodicals, &c. The sources whence these books hare been obtained, and the general subjects upon which they treat, are presented in the following table : 1 (From Authors] SUBJECTS. From Dr. | From Mr. Editors, Mem- From Socie- Total. T. B. Wilson. E. Wilson. bers, &c., ties, &c.. Vols. Pamph. Vols. Pamph. Vols. Pamph. Vols. Pamph. Vols. Pamp. Journals, Transactions, Pro- ceedings, Memoirs, &c., 18 307 6 62 54 151 78 520 Natural Sciences, 89 254 5 35 33 77 2 1 129 367 Anatomy and Physiology, 12 8 2 152 a 4 1 16 165 Physics and Chemistry, 1 1 ■6 10 2 2 1 7 13 General Natural History, 12 7 4 1 1 13 12 Ethnology and Languages, 3 2 2 2 1 4 6 Voyages, A^aps, &c.. 17 1 17 Miscellaneous, 8 4 5 1 47 12 18 6 2 31 71 Total 295 1154 By referring to the last Report of the late Librarian, Dr. W. S. Zantzinger, it will be seen that the total increase for the present year exceeds that for 1855 by 592. In December last, Dr. Z. estimated that the Library contained about 15,500 volumes, tracts, periodicals, serials, &c. By the additions for 1856, this number has been swelled to 16,949. Respectfully submitted by J. AiTKEN Meigs, Librarian. Dec. 30th, 1856. The Curators presented their Annual Report which was read, adopted and referred to the Committee on Proceedings. REPORT OF THE CURATORS FOR 1856. The Curators take pleasure in reporting that the Museum of the Academy is in an excellent condition of preservation, and that it has received valuable ac- cessions to all its departments during the year just about closing. Since the last annual report was presented to the Academy, the arrangement of the Ichthyological collection has been undertaken by Drs. R. E. Bridges and J. Cheston Morris ; and W. J. Binney, Esq. has commenced the arrangement of the Cenchological collection. The collection of Birds continues to be arranged by Dr. T. B. Wilson. The collections of Minerals, Crustacea, Insects, and Fos- sil plants have been arranged prior to this year as stated in previous reports. No department is perhaps better arranged than that of the Herpetological col- lection, for which the Academy is indebted to the information and zeal of Dr. E. Hallowell The collection of Vertebrate Remains has been recentlj'' arranged by Dr. J. Leidy. Mr. E. Durand has made considerable progress in the forma- tion of an American Herbarium, which he informs us will be of a very complete character. In several departments, the Academy yet needs some assistance be- fore the Museum shall be completely arranged, more especially in the depart- ments of Mammalogy, Invertebrate Palaeontology, and Geology. During the year 1856, the donations to the different departments of the Mu- seum have been as follows : — Mammals. — Of these 33 specimens of 14 species have been added to the collec- tion ; and among them is a fine specimen of the Musk Ox, deposited by Dr. E. K. Kane, and one of the Walrus, presented by Sandwith Drinker, Esq. 326 [December, Birds. — W. S. Wilson, Esq. presented 146 specimens of 129 species of Birds ; and 30 specimens of 16 species were presented by others. Reptiles.— T)v. W. S. Hammond, U. S. A., presented 100 specimens of 40 species of Reptiles from Kansas and Nebraska ; and Dr. A. Heermann presented 70 speci- mens of 30 species from Texas. Besides these collections, there have been re- ceived 415 specimens of 140 species through donation and exchange. Among the chief donors are Drs. Miles, Hallowell and Uhler, and Major LeConte. Fishes. — Of these about 100 specimens of 48 species have been presented, chiefly by Dr. Watson, Mr. Ashmead, and Dr. Leidy. Mollusks. — Of these about 800 specimens of 350 species have been presented. Among them are 100 species of the rarer marine shells of the United States coast, presented by Wm. Stimpson, Esq. ; and 111 species of Achatinella, from the Sand- wich Islands, presented by Dr. W. Newcomb, of Albany. The donors of the others are chiefly F. A. Sauvalle, of Cuba, Dr. T. J. Turner, U. S. N., Mr. Binney, and Mr. Ashmead. bisects. — Dr. T. B. Wilson presented 2400 specimens of 900 species of Coleop- tera ; Mr. Guex 1500 of 356 species of the same order; and G. J. Barnet, Esq. 700 of 80 species. Besides these there were presented several small collections of Ooleoptera, Neuroptera, and Lepidoptera. Crustaceans, Arachnides, Mi/riapods, Afinelides, and Zoophytes. — Of Crustaceans 358 specimens of 65 species have been presented, chiefly by W. S. Wilson, Mr. Ashmead, and Dr. Davidson ; of Arachnides 8 specimens of 4 species have been presented ; of Annelides 3 specimens of 2 species ; and of Zoophytes 104 speci- mens of 40 species, chiefly from Mr. Ashmead. Comparative Anatomy. — Of skeletons there have been received 9, among which are those of the Polar Bear and the Delphinapterus, presented by Dr. E. K. Kane. Of human skulls 21 have been received through Drs. McClellan, Ruschenberger, Kane and Mitchell, and Mr. Richard Harlan. Of other skulls 6 have been pre- sented, chiefly by W. W. Wood, Esq. Botany. — Collections of plants have been presented by Mr. Tuckerman, Dr. Kane, Mr. Eckert and Dr. Wilson. Mr. C. E. Smith presented 500 species ; Sir W. Hooker 158 Himalaya species, and Mr. Ashmead 06 species of Marine Algae. Besides these there have been received 16 species of fruits, &c. Palceontology. — Of Vertebrate remains 40 specimens have been presented by Dr. S. W. Clanton ; a collection of bones of the Megalonyx, from Alabama, by Prof. Tuomey, and 130 specimens from various donors. Besides these Mr. Richard Harlan has presented numerous moulds and casts of remains of Palseotherium, Deinotherium, Megalosaurus, &c. from the collection of his father. Dr. Harlan. Of Invertebrate remains 80 specimens were presented ; and of Fossil plants 38 specimens, the latter being chiefly from Mr. SchaefFer and W. F. Rogers. Mineralogy. — Of Minerals 98 specimens were presented, among which the most interesting is a specimen, over 10 lbs in weight, of Cinnabar, from the Almadin mines of California, from Capt. J. Henry Smith. Respectfully submitted by » Joseph Leidt, Chairman of the Curators. The Treasurer read his Annual Report, which was referred to the Auditors. The Report of the Publication Committee was deferred until the next meeting for business. The Academy then went into an election for Officers and a Publica- tion Committee for the ensuing year (1857.) The following named gentlemen were announced as duly elected : — 1856.] 327 President, . . . Vice Presidents, Corresponding Secretary, Recording Secretary, Librarian, Treasurer, Curators, ... Auditors, Publication Committee, - George Ord. Robert Bridges, M.D. Isaac Lea, LL.I). John L. LeConte, M.D. B. Howard Rand, M.D. J. Aitken Meigs, M.D. George W. Carpenter. Joseph Leidy, M.D. William S. Vaux, Samuel Ashmead, John Cassin. William S. Vaux, Samuel Ashmead, Robert Pearsall, William S. Vaux, Robert Bridges, Isaac Lea, H. Cooper Hanson, Joseph Leidy. ELECTION. Prof. Henry Coppee, Thomas Dunlap, Esq., Louis de Vesey, U. S. A., Prof. Samuel D. Gross, and Dr. Alexander Hamilton Smith, were elected members of the Academy. 1. DONATIONS TO MUSEUM In January and FebruarYj 1856. January \&t. Several specimens of black band iron ore, from Scotland. From Dr. "\^'ilsGn» Mounted specimen of Talpa warouza, from Japan. From Major Le Conte. Spe*cimen of sulphuret ofiron, Schuylkill Co., Pa. From Robert W. Kennedy. Fossil Encriuite, from near Capon Springs, Va. From Mr. A. H. Smith. Portion of reed encrusted with carbonate of lime, from Lago di Tartara, Italj^. From the same. One hundred and fifty-eight species of plants from the Himalayas. Presented by Sir Wm. Hooker through Prof. Asa Gray. January 8 th. Two specimens of Fiber zibethicus. Presented by Aiabrey II. Smith, Esq. Five specimens of Mygale ? S. America. Presented bj' C. Gillou, Esq. Astrangia astrjeseformis, from coast of Rhode Island. From Duncan E. Pelf, Esq., through Mr. Powell. Hesperomys leucopus, (numerou.s specimens,) from Massachusetts. Presented by Smithsonian Institute through Maj. Leconte. Very fine specimen of Cinnabar, from the new Almadcn mines, California^ (weight 16 lbs. 10 oz.) Presented by Capt. J. Henry Smith. January 22d. Two species of Murex . Presented by Mr. Hanson. Ceratorrhina polyphemus, C. aurata, C. frontalis and Clirysochroa aurata. Presented by Rev. Samuel Hazlehurst through J. A. Clay, Esq. February 5-th. Twelve specimens ofiron ores, Berks Co., Pa. Presented by Mr. Gilllams. Pennite from Lancaster Co., Pa. Presented by Robert H. Lamborn. Specimens of Bologna phosphorus, from Italy. Presented liy Dr. J. R. Barton. Fossil jaw of a fish, Edcstus vorax, from the carl>oniferoa3 formation of Arkan- sas. Presented by Wm. S. Vaux, Esq. February 19th. ^ Pisa bicorna, Othonia quinquede-ntata ? Chlorodins floridanus, Eriphia gona- gra, Panopeus Herbstii, Lupa dicantha, CardisomaGuanhumi, Ocypode arenaria, Grapsus cruentatus, Pagurus granulatus, Pagurus vittatus, Cenobita Diogenes, Porcellana sexspinosa, Squilla scabricauda, Squilla vittata, (13 genera, 15 spe- cies, 26 specimens ;) two specimens of an Annelide and its tube; four specimens Asterias ; eight specimens Ophiura ; ten species Polyps, numerous specimens ,■ three specimens fishes, two species ; two species Anemone, six specimens ; five species MoUusca ; five species sponges ; two fpecies corals; two species Holo- thuria, four specimens ; six species marine Algae. All from the coast of Florida^ Present&d by Mr. S. Ashmead^ 11. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY Ix January and FEtouAUY, 1856. January \at. U. S. Naral Astronomical Expedition to the Southern Hemisphere, Lieut.t^. M. Gilliss, Superintendent, Vol. 2, 4to. From the Author- Reports of the Superintendent of Education for Lower Canada, 1853 and 1855. From M. Iluguet Latour. The following were presented by Dr. Wilson on the usual condition ; Monographie des Guepes Sacial^es. Par H. de Saussure. No. 7. Synopsis Plantarum Glumacearum. Autore E. G. Steudel. No. 10. Xenia Orchidacea. Von H. Gustar. Reichenbach, Fil. No. 4. « Quadrupeds of North America. By J. J. Audubon and Rev. J. Bachman. Text vol. 3, royal Svo. Indicis generum Malacozoorum primordia conscripsit A. N. Herrmannseu ; editio nova, 8vo. Flora van Nederlandsch Indie. Door F. A. W. Miqiiel. Deel 1, af. 1, 2. Eerr Dr. Emil Wolff in Hohenheim und die Agricultur-Chemie. Nachtrag zu den " Grundsatzen der Agricultur-Chemie," von Justus von Liebig. Zeitschrift fiir Wissenschaftliche Zoologie herausg. von C. T. von Siebdld Hind A. KoUiker. Band 7, heft 3. Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes' Geographischer Austalt iiber wichtige neue Erforschungen auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Geographie. Von Dr. A. Peter- man, 1855, Nos. 1 — 8. Recherches sur les Crinoides du Terrain Carbonifere de la Belgique. Par L. de Koninck et H. le Hon. -ito. Beitrige zur Naeheren kenntniss der Urweltlichen S&ugethiere. Von Dr. J. J. Kaup. Heft. 2, 4to. Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, &c. By John Cassia. No. 10; completing Vol. 1. Loudon Athenaeum for Nov., 1855. Journal of the Franklin Institute for Dec, 1855. The Mammals of Australia. By J. Gould. Part 7, folio, The Birds of Asia. By John Gould. Part 7, folio. The Birds of Australia. By John Gould. Supplement No. 2, folio. Monograph of the Trochilids. By John GouhL Parts 9 and 10, folio. The Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland. By Thos. Moore. Edited by John Lindley. Nature printed by Henry Bradbury. Folio, Nos. 1 — 9. Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Parts 148, 149, 150. Schreber " die Saugethier;," fortgesetzt von Wagner. Supplement band, lief. 14, 15, 16, 17, 4to. IS^eues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologic, &c. Herausg. von Dr. Von Leonhard und Dr. II. G. Bronn, 1852, '53, '54, and Nos. 1—5, 1855. De I'Homnie et des Races Humaines. Par Henry Holland. 12mo. Suites a Buffon. Histoire des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres. Par M. Th. Lacordaire. Tome 3, 8vo. Histoire naturelle des Mammiferes. Par M. Paul G^rvais. Roj'^al Svo. Report of the British Association for 1854. Orr's Circle of the Sciences ; a series of Treatises on the Principles of Science, Geology, Mineralogy, &c. By Profs. Ansted, Tennant and Rev. W. Mitchell. 8vo., 1855. New Zealand and its inhabitants. By Rev. Richard Taylor. Svo. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Dec, 1855. London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosoph. Magazine, December, 1855. Ann.alcs des Sciences Naturelles. 4me scrie, tome 3, No. C. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1855, No. 10. Couaptes Rendus. Tome 41, No5. 18 — 23. 111. February hih. American Journal of Science and Arts, Jan., 185G, From the Editors. Proceedings of tlie Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. 5, pp. 257 — 272. From the Society. New York MedicahTimes, Jan., 1856. From the Editors. Journal of the Society of Arts, (London,) Nos. 137 — 148. From the Society. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Vol. 21, part 4. Proceedings of same, Vol. 2, pp. 333 to conclusion, \r\t\\ index and title page. List of the Society for 1855 ; and Anniversary Address of the President, Thomas Bell, Esq., May 24, 1855. From the Linnean Society. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, Vol. 4, parts 2 and 3. Pro- ceedings of the same, 1850, '51, '52, '53, '54 and part of '55. From the Zoolo- gical Society. A Synopsis of the Classification of the British Palaeozoic Rocks, by the Rev. Adam Sedgwick ; and British Paleeozoic Fossils, by Frederick McCoy. 3d fas- ciculus, 4to. From Prof. Sedgwick. History, condition and prospects of the Indian Tribes of the L'nited States. By Henry R. Schoolcraft. Part 5, 4to. From the U. S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Reports of the explorations and sui'veys for a Railroad from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean. Vol. 1. 4to. From the U. S. War Department through Col. Abort. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, May to December, 1855, From the Society. Charleston Medical Journal and Review for Jan., 1856. From the Editors. New York Medical Times for Feb., 1856. From the Editors. Description of the Fossils and Shells collected in California by Wm. P. Blake. From the Author. February 12th. Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual condition : Les Trois Regnes de la Nature. Introduction ; Le Museum d'histoire naturelle par P. A. Cap, 1 vol. ; Botanique par M. Le Maout, 1 vol. ; Mammiferes par M. Paul Gervais, parts 1 and 2. Royal 8vo. Abel's " Aus der Natur," No. 6. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten Europaischen zweifliigligen In- sccten von J. W. Meigen. Nos. 1 and 2, Bvo. Zeitung zur Verbreitung naturwisseu. Kenutniss. Von Dr. Ule und Dr. Carl Muller. Nos. 44—51. AgTostographia Capensis ; Scripsit C. G. Nees ab Esenbeck. 2d ed., 8vo. Handbuch der Zootomie von Siebold und Stannius. Part 2, 8vo. Naturwissenschaft und Bibel. Von Andreas Wagner. Svstematische Uebersicht der Thiere Brasiliens. Von Dr. H. Burmeister. Part 2, 8vo. February I9th. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, New Series, vol. 3, No. 2, 4to. From the Publication Committee. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 5, pp. 273 — 288. From the Society. Journal of the London Society of Arts, &c., Nos. 119 — 158. From the Society. IV. DONATIONS TO MUSEUM In Marcu and April, 1856. March 4th. Chlorastrolite. From Isle Royal, Lake Superior. Presented by B. A. Iloopes. Skull and skin of Tamaro, (a species of Antelope from Mindoro, one of the Philippine Isles) ; skull of Crocodile, from Manilla; skull of Dugonp:, from Philip- pines ; and skull of Trionyx, from Manilla. Presented by W. W. Wood. Esq., of Manilla. Collection of Lepidoptera from the vicinity of Philadelphia. Presented by Dr. Wm. Camac. Specimen of Lava of Vesuvius, eruption of 1855. Presented by F. De B. Ricliards. March llih. Eleven specimens of impressions of Algae in the Old Red Sandstone of Schuyl- kill Co. Pa. Presented by P. W. Shaeffer, of Pottsville. Seven specimens Coal Plants, from Schuylkill Co., Pa. From the same. Specimen of Malachite, from St. Paul di Loando, W. Africa. From Dr. J. L. Burtt, U. S. N. Emerald Nickel, from Lancaster Co., Pa. ; Tremolite, from Chester Co., Pa. Presented by R. H. Lamborn. Small collection in Natural History, consisting of shells, insects and fossils. Presented by T. A. Strong, of Saugatuck, Michigan. Cardamom, from Princes Island. Presented by Dr. J. L. Burtt, U. S. N. Four specimens Ores of Manganese, Chester Co., Pa. Presented by J. G. Horner. Four teeth and one vertebra of Charcarodon ; three vertebras of Crocodile; from the Marl of N. J. Presented by Dr. Hallowell. Thirteen specimens Coal Plants. Deposited by W. F. Rogers. Five specimens Silurian Fossils. From the same. Specular Iron Ore from Marquette, Lake Superior. From the same. March IQth. One hundred and forty-six Bird Skins, comprising 129 Species of 105 Genera, viz : — Apteryx, Apterous, Alcyone, Abrornis, Arses, Anthus, Agrodroma, Arre- mon, Brachyptornus, Brachyurus, Brachypiis, Brachypteryx, Budytes, Crypturus, Chasmorhynchus, Corvias, Comix, Campephilus, Cerchneipicus, Ceyx, Corythoruis, Centropus, Criniger, Corydalla, Charadrius,Coturnix, Chlorophonia, Chiroxiphia, Culicipeta, Caprimulgus, C^'pselus, Chettusia, Diplopterus, Dryraoica, Dysith- amuus, Dasycephala, Dicrurus, Erythropus, Erythacus, Euphonia, Erythrosterna, Formicivora, Gracula, Garrulax, Gallinago, Galbula, Harpactes, Ilolmesia, Hyloterpe, Kitta, Leucopternus, Lipangus, Lycos, Lamprotoruis, Lobivauellus, Lanius, Lalage, Loriculus, Locustella, Microglossus, Monasa, Jilalacocercus, Malacoptila, Megalaima, Mcropixus,Megalophonus, Merula, Myrmeciza, Musicapa, Nyctastes, Napothera, Nyctibius, Ortygometra, Octocoris, Pionus, Pratincola, Picnonotus, Pipra, Platyrhynchus, Picumnus, Planesticus, Pycnosplirys, Phale- ropus, Porzana, Phoenicothraupus, Pachyramphus, Pj-rrota, Poecila, Pratincola, Pereirocotus, Rhinoplax, Rhipidura, Selcnidera, Sporophila, Tijuca, Turdirostris, Trichostoma, Tanagrella, Thinornis, Turdus, Tyrannula, Thamnophilus, Tinamus, Totanus, Vancllus. Presented by Wm. S. Wilson, Esq. Forty-one specimens of Crustacea from Mexico, comprising 16 Species of 13 Genera, viz: — Albunea, Calappa, Grapsus, Geocarcinus, Gelasimns, Guaia, liippa, Mithrax, Othonia, Ozius, Pagurus, Porcellana, Squilla. Presented by Wm. S, Wilson, Esq. f Two specimens Ilclix Leidyi ITall and Meek, from the Mauraises Terrcs of Nebraska. Presented bj- Dr. F. V. Haydeu. Jaws of Shark, from Coast of Florida. Presented bj- Dr. G. "Watsou. April Isi. Fourteen specimens, nine species Sponges ; five specimens Echini ; three specimens Ophiothrix; one specimen Sertularia ; four specimens Spatangus ; lAventy-four specimens Corals ; thiily specimens recent Shells ; seven specimens Fossil Shells ; ten fragments fossil Cetacean bones ; two specimens ea'S's of Fulgnr; two specimens two species Fungi; four specimens Rocks and one mass of Yermetus. From Pvcy West and Manatee River, Florida. Presented I'V Si Ashmead, Esq. A collection consisting of about 500 species of dried plants, from the Moun- tains of Pennsylvania. Presented by C. E. Smith, Esq. Calcareous Tufa, enclosing Lymnea umbrosa, from near Mohawk, N. J. Pre- sented by Mr. I. Lea. Two specimens Cyclas, from Alabama. Presented by T. M. Peters. Pisa n. s. ; Panopeua Herbstii ; Lupa, young?; Gelasimus macrocheles ; Sesarma cinerea ; Alpheus heterocheles ; GonodactylUs chiragra. From Key' "West and Manatee. Presented by S. Ashmead, Esq. Libinia dubia ; Platycarcinus Sayi ; Platyonychus ocellatus ; Grapsus pictus ; Calappa marmorata ; Calappa, n. a.? seVen species of six genera, from W. Indies. Presented by Mr. I. Lea. Bignonia incarnata (fruit); Scolopendl'a ? From Trinidad. Pre- sented by Dr. Samuel Lewis. April 8tk. Seten hundred specimens, eighty species, of Cuban Coleoptera; Presented by G. J. Barnet, Esq., of Cuba, through Mr. Guex. Agelaius ph(cuicius and Fringilla canadensis. Presented by Mr. John Krider, Eighteen specimens plants ; four minerals ; (beryd, amethyst, quartz, and felspar.) Presented by Dr. 0. P. Ilart, of Pittsburg, Penn. April lUth. One half of lower jaw of Casteroides Ohioensis ; first upper molar Megalony:;* Jeffersonii ; one canine and fragment of upper jaw with three molars of Castor fiber fossilis ; one milk molar of Mastodon ; and two molat's of Casteroidts Ohioensis. From Prof. Silliman, in exchange. Pinna, from Teresa Bay, Florida ; three specimens Calcedony ; a Diodon from Key "West ; and three Calcedonized corals, from Tampa Bay, Florida. Pre* sented by S. Ashmead. Seventy specimens (65 species) of reptiles. In eschange from the Jardin des Plantes, Paris. Angora Cat. Presented by Mrs. "Wm. "Wister, Germantown. One Pleuronectes ; one Murrena ; two Ophisaurus; and one Coluber. Pre- sented by Mr. "\Vm. G. Burke, through Mr. Cassin. Syngnathus fasciatus, from S. America. From Dr. Dook. April 22d. Sixty-six species Marine Algae, from the Coast of Florida. Presented by g. Ashmead. Native Silver, from Lake Superior. Presented by Mr. Iloopes, Fifteen specimens Triton niger and one of Phrynosoma. Presented by t)n Uhler. Marine Algoe collected by Mr. S. Ashmead, at Key "West, Florida, during the wintef of 1855, '56, and presented by him '. — Padiaa pavonia, Lam., Sand Key, Florida | VI. Dictrota fasciola, Lam., Key West, Florida; Amansia muttifida, Lam., do. ; Alsi" diuiu triangillare, J. Ag., do. ; A. Bloodgettii, Har., do. ; Choadria littoralis, Har., do. ; Digenia simplex, Ag., do. ; Polysiphouia Olaeyi, Har., Manatee River, Florida ; P. secunda, Moat., Key West, Florida; P. Pecteii veneris, Har., do.; Bostrychia Montagnei, Har., do. ; B. calamistrata, lilont., do.; Dasya Gibbesii, Har., do. ; t>. elegans, Ag., do.; D. elegans, Ag., Var., do.; D. Wurdemanni, Bail., do., Champia parvula, Har., Mariatee River, Florida ; Delesseria inrolrens, Har., Key West, Florida ; D. tenuifolia, Har., do. ; Eucheuma isiforme, J. Ag., do.: liiagora valida, Har., Sand Key, Florida; Wrangclia penicillata, Ag., Key West, Florida; W. penicillata, Ag., var., do.; W. penicillata, Ag., var., do.; Spyridia aculeata, Kutz., Sand Key, Florida; S. aculeata, Kiitz., var., do.; S. filamentosa, Var. refracta, Har., Key West, Florida; Hypnea rausciformis, Lam., do. ; Codium tomentosnra. Manatee River, Florida ; Centrocercus clavulatum, Ag., Key "West, Florida; C. clavulatum, Ag., Sand Key, Florida; Ectocarpus — ? Manatee River, Florida ; Crouania attenuata, J. Ag., Key West, Florida ; Champia sali- cornoides. Har., do. ; Spyridia filamentosa (turned green by decay) Sand Kej', Florida; Wurdemania setacea, Har., Key West, Florida; Phyllophora Broadiaei, J. Ag., do.; Halymenia ligulata, Ag., Manatee River, Florida; Scinaiafurcellata, Bivona, Key West, Florida; Phyllerpaprolifera, Kg., do. ; Dasycladus clavacformis, do. ; Dictyosphajria favulosa, do. ; Bryopsis plumosa, do. ; Anadyomene stellata, Lam., do. ; Dasya Tumanowiezi, Gatty, do. ; D. ramosissima, Har., do. ; D. famosissima, Har., var. a, do. ; D. elegans, Ag., Manatee River, Florida ; Cera- mium rubrum, Ag., Key West, Florida ; Corallocephalus Lsmourouxii, Kg., do.; C. — ? do. ; Cymnopolia barbata. Lam., do. ; Udotea fiabellata. Lam., do. ; XJ. couglutinata. Lam., do. ; Acetabularia crenulata, Lam., do. ; Laurencia ? do. ; L. -^l do.; Acanthophora Thierii, Lam., do.; Cladophora cespitosa, do ; CaUlerpa (Chauvinia) Wurdemanii, Har., do. ; C. ? do. ; C. 1 do.; C. ? do.; C. -? do.; C. -? do.: Calenella pinuata, Har., do. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY In March and April, 1856. March Ath. Report of" the Comraissioner of Patents for the year 1854. Agriculture. ]?rom the U. S. Patent Office. Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the State of the Finances for the year ending June 30, 1855. From the Hon. Wm. Bigler. Report of the Secretary of the Treasvlry on the Commerce and Navigation of the United States for the year ending June 30, 1855. From the same. Report of the Silperintendent of the Coast Survey for the year 1854. 4to. From the same. American Journal of Science and Arts for March, 1856. From the Editors. New York Medical Times for March, 1856. From the Editors. Japanese Botany : being a fac simile of a Japanese Book, with introductory tiotes and translations. From the Translator (Dr. Jos. Wilson, U. S. N.) March llth. Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual condition : Ansichten der Natur von Ale.K. von Humboldt. 2 vols. 8vo. Agassiz und seiner Freunde geologische Alpen in der Schweiz, Savoyen und Piemont. Herausg. von Dr. Carl Vogt. 8vo. Histoire naturcUe generale des R^gnes Organiques. Par M Isidore Geof. St. fiil.aire. Tome 2, Ime partie. 8vo. H'lstoii'e' nafiireife des MoUusques terfestres et fluriatiles de France. Par A^ Moquiu Tandon. 5 liv. 8vo. Mineralienbuch oder Allgemeiue und besondcre Beschreibung der Miaeralien. Von Dr. F. A. Schmidt. 4to. The Micrographic Dictionary. By J. W. Griffith, M. D., and A. Henfrey. 8vo.- Orr's Circle of the Sciences. Organic Nature. Vol. 3. 8vo. Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Geognosie, &c.; herausg. von Dr. von Leon- bard und Dr. H. G. Bronn. 1855. No. 6. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science for Jan., 1856. Annals and M<)gazine of Natural History for Jan. and Feb., 1858. London, Edinburgh, and Dublin F'niiosophical Magazine for Jan. and Feb., 1856. Report of the British Association for 1851. London Atheneeum for January, 1356. Comptes Rendus. Tome 42, Nos. 1, 2, 3. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1856. No. 1. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 1851, pirt 2 ; J852, parts 1 and 2 ; 1853, parts 1, 2, 3 ; 1854, parts 1 and 2 ; 1855, parts 1 and 2. 4to. Maps of the Society for the diffusion of Useful Knowledge. (Bound in one vol. folio.) The last of the Arctic Voyages in H. M. S. Assistance, Capt. Sir Edward fielcher, in search of Sir John Franklin. 2 vols. 8vo. Voyage autour du Monde sur la frigate La Venus, comraandee par Abel da Petit-Thouars.* Text tome 5, Ime partie. Zoologie, 8vo. Museum Carlsonianum, in quo novas et selectas Aves exhibit Andreas Sparr- Jnann. P^olio. Scotia illustrata, sive prodromas Histories Naturalis. Auctore Roberto Sib-* baldo, M. D. Folio. 1684. L'Organisation du Regue Animal. Par Emile Blanchard. Livs. 15, 16. Syst6me des Oiseaux de I'Egypte et de la Syrie. Par Jules-Cesar-Savigny. Folio. April l!'i. Second Supplement to Dana's Mineralogy. By the Author. Prom Prof. Dana. On the Birds received in Collections from Santa Fe de Bogota. By P. L. Sclater. From the Author. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 5, pp. 289-— 304.- From the Society. Report on the Geological and Agricultural Survey of the State of Rhode Island in the year 1839. By Charles T. Jackson, M. D. &vo. In exchange. Genera des Coleopteres. Par M. Th, Lacordaire. Tome 3. 8vo. From the Author. First and second Annual Reports of the Geological Survey of Missouri. By G. C. Swallow. 8vo. From Mr. F. B. Meek. Revision of the Cicindelae of the United States. By John L. Le Conte, M. D. From the Author. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, vol. 6, No. 5. From the Lyceum. Charleston Medical Journal and Review, March, 1856. Prom the Editors Jj)rU &th. Dr. "Wilson presented the following on the usual condition ;— Annales des Sciences Naturelles. 4me serie, tome 4, No. 2. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. 1855. No. 12. (Jomptes ReaduSi Tome 42, Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. '2eitSchrifc fur Wissenschaflliche Zoologie roa C. T. von Siebold und A. S31- iiker. Vol. 7, No. 4. Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Geognosie, &c., herausg. von Dr. K. C. v. Leonhard und Dr. H. G. Bronn. 1855. No. 1. Malakozoologiscbe Blatter. Nov. and Dec, 1855. Z='!tunjr zur Verbreitung naturwissen. Kenntniss, &c. YonDr. Otto Ule uad D'r. K. Miiller. 1865, No 52 ; 1856, Nos. 1—4, London Athenreum for Febrnarj, 1856. Goncbologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. No. 151. Journal of the Franklin Institute, March, 1856. •Zadogy of the Voyage of the Herald in 1845— '51, Oapt. ^enry Klett, Cora* Jiiander, part 1 ; Botany of the same, part 6. 4to. Ichthyology of South Carolina. By John E. Holbrook. Nos. 1 — 10. 4to. Les Trois Regues de la Nature. Hist. nat. dea Oiseaui. Par M. Em. le Maotit. lloyal 8vo. J)ie Aljien. Von Bernard Cotta. Essai sur I'Listoire de I'Esptice Humaint?. Par C. A. Walckenaer. 8vo. La Science Politique fondea sur la science de I'Homme, on etude des Races fiumaines. Par V. Courtet de I'lsle. Royal 8vo. Ueber die Schiidel der Avaren irisbesondere tiber die seitfeer in Osterreich aufgefundenen. Von L. J. Fitzinger. De Salamandra terr-e^tris vita, evolutione, formatione tractattls. Aactore A. IF. Funk. April 1 5}h. Army Meteorological Register for twelve years, frotn 1843 to 1854, inclusive. Prepared under the direction of Gen. Thos. Lawson, Surgeon General, U, S. A. 4to. From A. H. Smith, Esq. Second copy of same. From General Lawson. Transactions and Collections of the American Antiquarian Socipty, vols. 1, 2, and part 1, vol. 3 ; Proceedings cf same from Oct. 23, 1849, to Oct. 22, 1855 ; Catalogue of Library of same. 8vo. From the Society. Transactions of the Illinois State Agricultural Society. Vol. 1. 8yo. From Mr. Robert Kennicott. New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal for March, 1856. From the Editors. New York Medical Times for April, 1856. Prom the Editors. Geaeral description of a remarkable fossil not known to be described, and by some supnoseil to be an Ichihyodorulite. By Prof. Wm. Hopkins, of Geneva College, N. Y. From the Author. Notes on tfae Anatomy of Gymnopus spiniferus, Dum. From the Author. April 21 d. The Mastodon giganteus of North America. By J. C. Warren, M. D. 2d edition. 4to. From the Author. Annual Report of the Trustees of the New York State Libirary. 1856. From the Trusteep. Coraptes RenduB. Tome 41, No. 27 ; Table des Matieres du Tome 40. From Dr. Wilson. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. 4me serie. vol. 4, No. 1. From the sam^. Jolirnal of the Fracklin institute for April, 135S. From the eainek IX. DONATIONS TO MUSEUM In May and June, 1856. May 6th. Five Indian Crania, (Klikatak, Chinook, Sknoquammy, Nisqually,) from Washington Territory. From Dr. J. H. B. McOlellan. Living Proteus anguinus, from the Cave of Adelsberg, Styria. From Capt. McCIellan. A collection of Plants. From Mr. Tuckerman. A collection of Arctic Plants. From Dr. Kane. Myristica moschata, from China. From S. Drinker, Esq. Eighty-seven specimens of Plethodon niger, and eight specimens of Pseudo- triton ruber. From Drs. Hallowell and Leidy. Twenty-seven specimens of larvte of Pseudotriton ruber, in various stages of development. From Dr. Hallowell. Six Plethodon erythronotus ; two P. cinereus ; two male and two female Cis- tuda Carolina. From Mr. W. A. Hill. Numerous specimens of Staurotypus odoratus, and one of Cinosternon Pennsylvanicum. From Dr. Hallowell. Plethodon uiger, Spelerpes (Cylindrosoma, Tscb.) bilineata. From Dr. Uhler. One specimen of Polychrus marmoratus : three specimens of Amphisbsena fuli- ginosa ; one specimen of Hylaj one of Drynus ; and twelve other serpents, fishes and insects, from Surinam. From Dr. Wm. Keller. Astacus affinis, from tho neighborhood of Philadelphia; eight living speci- mens of Plethodon niger. From Dr. Hallowell. MaT/ 13ih. Spermophilus Franklinii. From Mr. R. Kennicott. Cuttle Fish, from the Atlantic Coast. From Mr. Ashmead. Three specimens of lithoid Carbonate of Iron, from Maryland. From Mr. Ohas. E. Smith. May 2()th. Emys insculpta, from the neighborhood of Norristown. From A. C. Hill, Esq. Brachyorros amsenus, Hall., from the neighborhood of Philadelphia. From Dr. Hallowell. Skeleton of an Albatross, (Diomeda exulans.) From Dr. Ruschenberger. Twelve species of Shells, from Cuba. From F. A. Sauvalle, of Cuba. ^ Jufie 3d. Six specimens of Coal plants, from Tioga Co., Pa. From Mr. Jos. Jeanes. Beans of Gymnocarpus Canadensis. From Dr. J. C. Fisher. Specimens of four species of fishes, (Leuciscus nigronasutus.) From Dr. Corse. June lOth. Chelonura serpentina. (A very lai-ge specimen.) From Mr. S. Tiffany, East Creek, N. J., through Mr. S. Ashmead. The Herbarium of Jas. Read, Esq., consisting of plants of North and South America, West Indies, &c. From Mrs. Maria Eckert. Skull of the Walrus, from the beach at Long Branch, N. J. From Prof. J. F. Frazer, with the provision that it may be loaned at any time, to a responsible Naturalist for comparison or description, with the consent of two Curators. One specimen of Astrsemeria, (the plant which yields the South American arrow root.) From Dr. Ruschenberger, through Dr. Carson. Ablabes eximius, Emys geographica, Tropidonotus niger, Rana pipens, (two specimens,) an Elaphis, (allied to guttatus,) 5 feet long, from Buffalo, New York • and a large collection of fishes, from the same locality. From Dr. G. Watson. Two Araucanian Skulls. From Dr. Ruschenberger. X. A small collection of Neuroptera, from Lake Superior ; Phalangopsis, (two specimens ;) Astacus, from Mammoth Cave. From Dr. Le Conte. Emys insculpta, E. Muhlenbergii, E. picta, E. guttata, Staurotypus odoratus, from Norristown. From Mr. A. C. Hill. Two Iguanians (Proctotretus ;) two innocuous serpents, (Colubridse,) from Chili. From Dr. Ruschenberger. Proteus anguinus, from Adelsberg. From Dr. Foltz, U. S. N. June 11 th. One adult specimen of the Musk Ox, (Ovibos moschatus,) in excellent con- dition. From Dr. E. K. Kane, U. S. N. One hundred and fifty specimens of forty-three species of Marine Shells, from the coast of Peru. Embryo Whale ; two specimens (one species) of Bird Skins ; two specimens of Mammal Skins, from Behring's Straits ; Octopus, from Con- ception Bay ; Skull of an Otter, from Quiniquina Island. From Dr. T. J. Turner, U. S. N. Indian Pot, from Washington Co., Alabama. From Wm. Coleman, through Dr. C. D. Meigs. Alluvial Wood, found at Philadelphia, twenty-four feet below the surface. From Mr. J. S. Phillips. Twenty-four hundred specimens of about nine hundred species of Coleoptera, from different parts of the globe. From Dr. T. B. Wilson. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY In May and June, 1856. May 6ih. The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the usual condition: — Flora Boreali- Americana. By Sir Wm. J. Hooker. 2 vols. 4to. London, 1840. The Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland. By Thos. Moore. Edited by J. Lindley. No. 12. Folio. London, 1856. Conchologia Iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Part 152. 4to. London Athenseum. March, 1856. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science. No. 15. April, 1856. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. March and April, 1856. London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine. March and April, 1856. Narrative of the Voyage of H. M. S. Herald during the years 1845-51. By B. Seemann. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1853. Novitatis Conchologicje. Par Louis Pfeiffer Dr. Liv. 3, 4. 4to. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie. 1856. Nos. 2 and 3. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. 4me serie. Tome 4, No. 3. Gomptes Rendus. Tome 42, Nos. 9, 10, 11, 13. Palaeontographica. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Vorwelt. Herausg. von W. Dunker und H. von Meyer. 4 band, 4 lief, 4to. Cassel, 1855. Zeitung zur Verbreitung naturwissenschaftlichen kenntniss, &c. Herausg. von Dr. 0. Ule und Dr. K. Miiller. 1856. Nos. 5—12. Mittheilungen aus J. Perthes' Geographischer Anstalt uber Wichtige neue Erforschungen auf dem Gesammtgebeite der Geographic von Dr. A. Petermann. 1855. Nos. 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12. Malakozoologische Bliitter, Herausg, von Dr. K. T. Menke und S. Pfeiffer. Jan., 1856. Bonplandia. Zeitschrift fiir die gesamrpte Botanik. 3 Jahrgaug, Nos. 23, 24. 25 ; 4 Jahr. Nos. 3, 4. Uber das Gehorsorgan der Fischgattung Mormyrus. Von L. Fischer.!- 8vo. p. Frieburg, 1854. XL Lelirbiich del- Anatomic and Physiologie der Gewachse, Von H. Schacht. 1 Thlel, 8vo, Berlin. Die Gesteinslehre. Von B. Cotta. 8vo. Freiberg, 1855. Uebcr organische Reste der Letten Eohlengruppe Thtiringens. Von J. G. Bornemann. 4to p. Leipzig, 1856. Algarum Unicellularium genera nova et minils cognita. Auctore A. Braun. 4to p. Lipsiae, 1855. Der Geschleclitsapparat der Stylamraatophoren in tasonomischer Hinsicht ge- •wiirdigt. Von A. Schmidt. 4to p. Berlin, 1855. / Mmj lath, American Journal of Science and Arts, May, 1856. From the Editors. Publications of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania ; Chambersburg in the Colony and the Revolution ; a sketch by Lewis H. Ganard. 8vo. Philadelphia, 1856. From the Society. Charleston Medical Journal and Review, May, 1856. From the Editors. The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist. By E. Billings. Vol. 1, Nos. 1 and 2. From the Editor. Standard Alphabet for reducing Unwritten languages and foreign graphic systems to a uniform Orthography in European letters. By Dr. R. Lepsius. 8vo p. Loudon, 1855. From the Author. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. 5, pp. 305 — 336. From the Society. Catalogue of the books belonging to the Library Company of Philadelphia, vol. 3, 8vo. Philadelphia, 1856. First and second Reports of the Geological Survey of Missouri. By G. C. Swal- low. 8vo. 1855. From Dr. B. F. Shuraard. Synopsis of the classification of the Paleozoic rocks. By Rev. A. Sedgwick ; with a systematic description of the British Palasozoic Fossils. By F. McCoy. 4to. London, 1855. From Prof. Sedgwick. On the Sandstone Fossils of Connecticut River. By James Deane, M. D. 4to p. From the Author. Untersuchungen iiber dur inneren Bau einiger Rbeinischen Brachiopodon. Von Dr. Fr. Sandberger. 8vo p. From the Author. June 3d. The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the Usual condition: — • The Zoology of the voyage of the Herald. Reptiles and Fishes ; by Sir J. Richardson. Botany ; by B. Seemann, Ph. D. Parts 1 — 5, 4to. Catalogue of LepidopteroUs Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Papilionid;e. 4to. London, 1852. Catalogues of the British Museum in 8vo. viz. ; Mammalia, part 2 ; Fish, marine Polyzoa, parts 1 and 2 ; Mollusca, part 4 ; Shells of Soutla America col- lected by M. D'Orbigny ; Shells of Cuba, collected by M. La Sagra ; Shells of the Canaries, collected by MM. Webb and Bertholet; Bivalve Shells, part 1 ; Terrestrial operculated Mollusca ; Entozoa ; Nomenclature of Diptera, No. 1 ; Lepidoptera, parts 1, 2, 12 and 16 ; Neuroptera, parts 1, 2, 3, 4; Nomenclature of Neuroptera ; Hymcnoptera, parts 1 and 2 ; Nomenclature of Hymenoptera ; Coleoptera, part 1 ; Parasitic insects, . Crania Britannica, by J. B. Davis and J. Thurnam, M. D. Decade 1, 4to. London, 1856. Geological map of Europe, by Sir R. Murchison, Prof Nicol and A, Keith Johnston. Tenby, a sea-side Holiday. By P. H. Gosse. 8vo. London, 1856. Insecta Brittanica, Diptera, Vol. 3. By F. Walker. 8vo. London, 1856. Chonchologia Iconica. By Lovel Reeve. Part 153. London, 1856. Annales des Science? Naturelles. 4me serie, Vol. 4, No. 4. Comptes Rendus. T. 42, Nos. 14, 15. London Athcnanim. April, 1856. xu. Xenia Orchidaceae. Von H. G. Reiclienbach. Heft. 5, 6, 4to. Bryologia Javanica. Auctoribus F. Dozy et J. H. Molkenboer. Fascic, 6, 7, 4to. Journal of the Franklin Institute, May, 1856. Geognostische Uebersichtskarte Deutschland, der Scbweiz und der Angren- zenden Landertheilen. Von H. Bach. Gotha, 1856. Systematische Beschreibuug der bekannten Europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Von J. W. Meigen. Vols. 4 — 7, 8vo. Hamm. Reiseskizzen aua Nord-ost-Afrika, Yon Dr. Alfred Ed. Brehm. Nos. 1, 2, 3, 8vo. Jena, 1855. Die Mikroskopigche Fauna des Septarienthones von Hermsdorf bei Berlin. Von Dr. J. G. Bornemann. Svo. Berlin, 1856. Anatomisch physiologische Untersucbungen iiber die Retina bei Menschen und Wii'belthicren. Von Heinrich Miiller. Svo. Leipzig, 1856. Flora von Nederlandsch Indie. Door F. A. W. Miguel. Erste deel. af 3, Derde deel, eerste Gedeelte, af. 1. Leipzig, 1855. Zeitschrift fiir Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, herausg. Yon C. T. Yon Siebold und A. Kolliker. 8 band., Heft 1, Svo. Leipzig, 1856. Abels aus derNatur, No. 7. Erdumsegelung der k. Schwedischen fregatte Eugenie in den Jahren 1851 bis 1853. 8vo. Berlin, 185G. Plagiochila Sandei D. Z. Icone illustrata, A. 0. M. V. d. Sande La Coste, M. D., et F. Dozy. 4to p. Lug. Batav, 1856, Die Befruchtung der Phancrogamen. Von L. Radlkofer. 4to p. Leipzig, 1856. Zeitung zur Verbreitung Naturwissen. Kenntniss, &c,, Herausg. Von Dr. Ule und Dr. Miiller. 1856, Xos. 13 — 16, 4to. Bonplaudia, Zeitschrift fur die gesammte Botanik. 4 Jahrgang, Nos. 1, 2, 5, 6. June IQth. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural Histoiy of Charleston, S. C, No. 1. From the Societj-. Lichenes America^ Septentrionalis Exsiccati. Fascic. iii. et iv. Curante E. Tuckerman, A. M., kr. 4to. Bostonite, 1854. From the Author. A Geological Reconooisance of the State of Tennessee. By Jaa. M. Safford, A. M., &c. Nashville, 1856. From the Author. Report of the Secretary of the Navy for 1855. Washington, 1855. From the Navy Department. New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, Vol. XII., No. 6. From the Editor. New York Medical Times, Vol. V., No. 9; From the Editor. Journal of the Society of Arts of London, Vol. IV., Nos. 163 — 175. From the Society. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-botanischen Verein in Wien, 1853, 1854, and Nos. 1, 2, 3 of 1856. Svo. From the Association. Wiirterabergische naturwissenschaftliche Jahreshefte. Herausg. von Drs. Mohl, Plieninger, Fehling, Menzel und Krauss. 1855, No. 3, and 1856, No. 1. From the Wurtemberg Society. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch- Naturv/issenschaftliche classe. Band 9, 4to. From the Academy. Jahrbiicher der K. K. Central-anstalt fiir Meteorologie und Erdmagnetismus. Yon K. Kreil. Heraus. durch die Kaiserliche Akademie der wissenschaften. III. Band, 4to. From the Academy. Sitzungaberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathe- matische-Naturwissenschaftliche classe, XV. Band, No. 3, XVI. Band, Nos. 1, 2, XVII. Band, Nos, 1, 2, 3, 8vo. From the same. Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich-Konigllchen Geologischen Reichsanslalt, Nos. 1, 2. Wien, 1855. From the Institute. Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Geologischen-Reichsanstalt. II. Band. Wien, 1855. From the same. XlJl. Das Yerfiihren der natur bei Gestalting des Thier-Reichs. Vou 11. Milue Ed« wards. Stuttgart, 1853. 8vo p. From the Author. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscow, 1854, Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 1855, No. 1. From the Society. Quiostiouum louicarium Liber, Auctor Dr. J. F. Lobeck, 8yo p. From the Author. June 11 tk. Fourth Annual Report of the Trustees of the Free Public Library of Xew Bed- ford. 8yo p. From the Trustees Thirty-lifth Annual Report of the Mercantile Library Association of New York. 8vo p. From the Association. Report on the Geology of Northern and Southern California. By Dr. John B. Trask. 8vo p, From the Author. Mittheilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellscbaft in Emden, fiir 1854. From the Society. Die Temperatur von Emden, als Ergebniss der daselbst von 1844 bis 1853 auf den Stand des Thermometers gerichteten Beobachtungen. You Dr. M. A. F. Prestel. 4to p. From the same. Die Gallen. Yersuch die durch Insecten an den Pflangen verursachten an- swiichso nacli Ihren Haupttypen und Y'achsthums verhilltnissen Naturgemilss zu Gruppireu. Yon Georg. Frauenfeld. Svo p. From the Author. Ueber die Yertilger pflanzenschadlicher Insecten. Von G. Frauenfeld. Svo p. From the Author. Aufzilhlung dor Algen der dalmaturischen Kiiste, &,q. Yon G. Frauenfeld. Svo p. From the Author. Beitrag zur Insectengeschichte. Yon G, Frauenfeld. Svo p. From the Author, Beobachtungen ueber Lisectenmetamorphosen. Yon G. Frauenfeld. Svo p. From the Author. Ueber die erston Stiinde von Plinthus Megerlei Pz. Yon G. Frauenfeld. 8vo p. From the Author. Ergebnisse einer mit Unterstutzung des holien K. K. Oberst-Kilmmererantes an die Kiistcn Dalmatiens, &c. Yon G. Frauenfeld. Svo p. From the Author. K6hlerglande und Wissenchaft. Yon Carl Yoght. Giessen, 1855. Svo p. From Dr. F. A. Genth. On the new Red Sandstone Formation of Pennsylvania. Description of a new Sub-Genus of Naj'ades. Description of a new species of Triquetra. Description of new Fresh Water Shells from California. Description of twenty-five new species of Exotic Uniones. By Isaac Lea, LL .D., &c., &c. Svo p. From the Author. The following Avere presented to the Academy by Dr. Y'ilson, on the usual conditions :-— A Synopsis of the British Diatomacefe. By Wm. Smith. Yol. 11. , 8vo, 1856, Sea Anemones, or Tanks and their inhabitants. Bath, 1856. London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine. Yol. II., No. T3. Annals and Magazine of Natural History.- A'ol. 17, No. 101. Journal of the Franklin Institute. Yol. CI, No. 366. The Perns of Great Britain and Ireland. By Thomas Moore, F. L. S., &c. Edited by John Lindley, Ph. D. &c. Parts XIII. and XIY. Histoire Naturello dos MoUusques Terrestres ot Fluviatilos de France. Par A, Moquin Tandon. Ce Livraison, Paris, 1855. Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes" Geograjihischer anstalt viber Wichtige neue Erforschungon auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Geographic von Dr. A. Petermann, 1856, 1, 4to. Die Natur. Zeitung zur A^erbreitung naturwissenschaftlicher Kenntnik und Naturanschaung fiir Leser aller Stande. Herausg. von Dr. Otto Ule und Dr. Karl Miiller. Filnfter Jahrgang, Nos. 17, 18, 19, 20. Bonplandia, Zeitschrift fiir die gesammte Botanik. lY. Jahrgang, No. V, 8. XIV. Palffiontographica. Beitrilge zur Naturgeschichte der Vorwelt. Herausg. von W. Dunker und H. voa Meyer. IV. Band, Funfte Lieferung. Cassel, 1855, 4to. DONATIONS TO MUSEUM In Jclt and August, 1856. Juhj 1st. The Herbarium of Dr. W. P. 0. Barton. Presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson. Dewej-lite, Bone Hills, Chester Co. From Dr. Wm. M. Uhler. Fowl with four legs. From Dr. Martin, U. S. N. July 8tli. Three specimens Pugettia gracilis ; two Epialtus productus ; Cancer magister ; Pseudo carciuus Oregonensis ; Telmessus serratus ; three marine Annelida; one Actinia ; five Echinodermata ; 10 Mollusca. Collected by Geo. Davidson, Esq., U. S. Coast Survey, and presented by Dr. Le Conte. Numerous specimens of Lavas and Sulphurs from the volcanoes of Sandwich Islands. Presented by Dr. Charles Guillou, through Constant Guillou, Esq. Numerous specimens of fossil bones of the Peccary, Dicotyles comjjressus, Ga- lena, 111. Presented by Dr. Edward D. Kittoe. Gallinula Ore, N. J. Presented by John Krider. July 15th. Asbestus ; Cellular Quartz, Bone Hills, Chester Co., Pa. Presented by Mr Uhler. One Centipede, Venezuela. Presented by Dr. A. Lacombe. One Heterodon, Venezuela. From Capt. James Wilson, through Mr. Drap er. One Pseudotriton flavissimus and one P. marginatus, Georgia. Presented by Maj. Le Conte. Thirty-three specimens Plethodon niger; 240 specimens Astacus Bartoni, from neighborhood of Philadelphia. Presented by Dr. Hallowell. August I2th. Two Eskimo Crania. From Drs. J. K. Kane and S. W. Mitchell. One specimen Hyla graciosa, five H. squirilla, six Cystignathus uigritus, one Bufo guercicus, two Engystoma Carolinense ; from Georgia. Presented by Major Le Conte. One Emys Muhlenbergii, from the neighborhood of Philadelphia. Presented by Major Le Conte. ' Nine larva; of Spelerpes bilineata, of different ages. From near the Falls of Schuylkill. Presented by Dr. Uhler. Two living specimens of Tropidonotus leberis, from the same locality. Pre- sented by Drs. Leidy and Uhler. Various young and more matured specimens of Astacus Bartonii, found abun- dantly near the Falls of Schuylkill. Presented by Dr. Bridges. A living specimen of Diemyctylus miniatus (Rnf.,) (Salamandra symmetrica, Harlan,) from Schuylkill Haven. Presented by Mr. C. M. Cruson. Two specimens of Menobranchus, from Portage Lake, Lake Superior. Presented by Mr. Wm. E. Dickinson, of the Isle Royale Mine, L. S., through Mr. B. A. Hoopes. Two species Surnia hudsonia, one species Tetras canadensis. From Lake Superior. XV. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY In July and August. July 1st. American Journal of Science and Arts. July, 1856. Prom the Editors. Aperqu Historique au Sujet de la Societe pour Secourir les Noyes, instituee a Amsterdam par J. A. Kool. 8vo. Amsterdam, 1855. From the Society. Jacobi Breynii gedanensis Exoticarum aliarumque minus cognitarum Planta- rum centuria prima. Anno 16*77. From A. J. Brazier. Prodrome de Palasontologie Stratigraphique Universelle des animaux mol- lusques et Rayonnes, &c. Par M. A. D'Orbigny. Paris, 1850, 3 vols., 12mo. From Dr. Lewis H. Steiner. Eulogy on the life and character of Theodoric Romeyn Beck, M. D., &c. By F. H. Hamilton, M. D. From the Author. Second Annual Report of the Geological Survey of the State of New Jersey, for the year 1855. Trenton, 1856. Reports of Explorations and Surveys for a Railroad route from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, made in 1853 — 4. Vol. 1. Washington, 1855. From the Secretary of War. The following were presented by Dr. Wilson on the usual conditions : The London Athenteum, May, 1856. Comptes Rendus hebdcm. des Seances de I'Acad. des Sciences. T. Ixii., Nos. 16, 17, 18, 19. Die Mysterien der europaischen Insectenwelt. Durch Prof. Dr. J. Gistel, Kempten, 1856. July 8(h. Eighth Annual Report of the Board of Managers and Treasurer of the Mary- land Institute. Baltimore, 1856, 8vo. From the Managers. New York Medical Times, July, 1856. From the Editor. Charleston Medical Journal and Review, June, 1856. From the Editor. London Journal of the Society of Arts. Vol. IV., Nos. 176, 177, 178, 179. From the Society. Eatomologische Zeitung. Herausg. von dem Entomologischen vereine zu Stettin. 16 Jahrgang. Stettin, 1855. From the Union. Neues Jahrbuchfiir Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde, Herausg. von K. C. von Leonhard und H. G. Bronn. Jahrgang, 1856. 1 Heft. Stuttgart, 1856. From Prof. Bronn. Gelehrte Anzeigen. Herausg. von Mitgleidern der k. bayer Akademie der Wissenschaften. Band 40, 41. From the l^oyal Academy of Sciences of Munich. Ueber die Gliederung der Bevolkerung des Konigreichs Bayern. 4to. Miiuchen, 1855. From the same. Rede in der offentlichen Sitzung der Konigl. Akad. der Wissenschaften, &c. 4to. Mvinchen, 1855. From the same. Verzeichniss der Verlagsschriften, Reden und Abhandlungen der k. akad. der Wissenschaften. Munchen, 1855, 12mo. From the same. Jahresbericht des physikalischen Vereins zu Frankfurt am Main. From 1847 to 1854, inclusive. From the Senckenberg Natural History Society. Verzeichniss der in dem Museum der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft aufgestellten Sammlungen. Abtheilung 1, 4, und Ethnographische Gegenstande. Frankfurt am Main. 1842, 1852, 1853. From the same. Jahresberichte iiber das Frankfurter Dr. Senckenbergische Burgerhospital, &c. Von Dr. J. B. Lorey. 1, 1846 bis 1852. Gottingen, 1854. From the same. Statuen des -jhysikalischen Vereins. Frankfurt am Main, 1855. From the same. Observationes anatomicae de Parte Cephalica nervi Sympathici, &c. By J. G. Varrentrapp. Franc, ad Meenum, 1831. From the same. XVI. De Melanosi. Auctor E, Schilling. Franc, ad Masnum, 1831. From the same. Abhandlungeu, Herausg. von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesell- schaft. 1 Band, 1, 2 Lieferung. Frankfurt a. M., 1855. From the same. Disquisitiones anatomico-comparativae de membro Piscium Pectorali, &c. A. C. Metteuheimer, M. D. Berolini, 1847. From the Author. Memoires et Publications de la Societe des Sciences, des Arts et des Lettres du Hainan. 2e serie, T. 3me, 1856. From the Society. De Symmetria et Asymmetria organorum animalitatis, imprimis Cranii. Dr. J. C. G. Lucffi. Marburgi, 1839. 4to. From the Senckenberg Natural History Society. Schadel abnormer Form. Von Dr. J. C. G. Lucse. Frankfurt am Main, 1855. From the same. July 15iA. History of the Ordinance of 1787. By Edward Coles. 8vo p., 1856. From the Author. Journal fiir Ornithologie. Herausg. von Dr. Jean Cabanis. I. Jahrgang, 1853, extra heft for 1853, H. Jahr., 1854, HI. Jahr, 1855, and IV. Jahr. No. 19. 8vo. Cassel, 1854. From Dr. Cabanis. Verzeichniss von ansgestopften Saugethieren und Vogeln, welche am 12ten Oct., 1818, u. folg. Tage in zoologischen Museum der Konigl. Universitat zu Berlin, &c. Berlin, 1818. From the same. Preis-Verzeichnisse der Saugethier-und Vogel-Doubletten des Zoologischen Museums der Universitat zu Berlin. Berlin, 1819. From the same. Verzeichniss von Vogeln, Conchylien und Insecten, Doubletten des Zoolo- gischen Museums hiesiger Konigl. Universitat, &c. Berlin, 1822. From the same. Verzeichniss einer Sammlung Siidafricanischer Naturalien welche am 18ten Aug., 1834, &c. Berlin, 1834. From the same. Verzeichniss einer Sammlung von Saugethieren und Vogeln aus dem Keffern- lande, nebst einer Kiifer-Sammlung, welche am 14ten Maarz, 1852, &c. Berlin, 1842. From the same. Verzeichniss verkauflicher Doubletten der entomologischen Sammlung der Koniglichen Universitat zu Berlin. Zweites Preisverzeichniss der Doubletten des Zoologischen Museums der Konigl. Universitat zu Berlin, Vogel und Insecten, Berlin, 1820. From the same. Verzeichniss der Doubletten des Zoologischen Museums der Konigl. Universi- tat zu Berlin, &c. Herausg. von Dr. H. Lichtenstein. Berlin, 1823. From the same. The Louisville Review, Vol. I., No. 2. From the Editors. The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, Vol. 1, No. 3. From the Editor. Science and the Bible, No. 3. By J. D. Dana, LL. D., &c. 8vo. p. From the Author. The following were presented by Dr, Wilson, on the usual conditions : Journal of the Franklin Institute, Vol. 62. No. 367. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, T. iv., No. 5. Comptes Rendus, T. xlii., No. 20, 21. Bonplandia, Zeitschrift fiir die gcsammte Botanik. iv. Jahrgang, No. 9, 10. Die Natur. Zeitung zur verbreitung naturwissenschaftlicher Kenntniss, &c. 5 Jahrgang, No. 21, 22, 23. July 21d. The Mutual Responsibilities of Physicians and the Community. By H. P. Tappan, D. D., &c. Detroit, 1856, 8vo p. From the Author. Annual Report of the Trustees of the New York State Library, 1856. From the Trustees. Recensio Avium in Academici Liberi Baronis de Mueller Ornithologico Museo XVll. Stuttgardiano collectarum, Colligit Dr. 0. G. Calwer. Stuttgardiae, 1854. Dr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual conditions: Revue et Magazin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, 1856. No. 5. Bonplandia. IV. Jahr., No 11. Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie. Pages 17 to 48, inclusive. August Zth. The following were presented by Dr. Wilson, on the usual conditions : Flora van Nederlandsch Indie. Door F. A. W. Miquel, Iste Deel Aflevg. 4. Leipzig, 1855. 8vo. Lehrbuch der Anatomie und Physiologie der Gewachse. Von Dr. H. Schacht, ler Thiel. Berlin, 1855. 8vo. Zeitschrift fiir Wissenschaftliche Zoologie. Herausg. von 0. T. Siebold und A. Kolliker, 'Ter Band, Supplement heft. Leipzig, 1856. Die Conchylien des norddeutschen Tertiargebirges von Dr. E. Beyrich, 4te und 5te Lieferung. Berlin, 1856. ■ Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes Geographischer Anstalt iiber Wichtige neue Erforschungen auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Geographic von Dr. A. Petermann. 1856, ii., iii., iv. Novitates Conchologicae. Von Dr. L. Pfeifer. 5 lief. Cassel, 1855. Xenia Orchidaceae. Von H. G. Reichenbach. 7 heft. Leipzig, 1856. Flora Tertiaria Helvetiae. Von Dr. 0. Heer. Lief 2, 3. Georg Forster der Naturforscher des Volks, von J. Moleschott. Frankfort, 1855. Systema Lichenum Germaniae, von Dr. G. W. Koerber. Breslau, 1856. 8vo. Sylloge Florae Europasas seu Plantarum vascularium Europae Indigenarum, &c. Auct. 0. F. Nyman, Oerebroze, 1854 — 1855. Classification der Brachiopoden von Thos. Davidson, Esq., &c., mit einigen neuen Zusatzen verschen von E. Suess. Vienna, 1856. 4to. Zoonomische Briefe, AUgemeine Darstellung der thierischen organization. Von Dr. H. Burmeister, ler Theil. Leipzig, 1856. 8vo. Atlas zur Physik der Welt. Herausg. von T. Bromme, Stuttgart. Untersuchungen iiber die Entwicklung der Blutgefasse, &c. Von Dr. T. Bill- roth. Berlin, 1856. 4to. Geognostiche Darstellung der Steinkohlenformation in Sachsen von H. B. Geinitz, Ite Abtheilung. Leipzig, 1856. 4to. August 12th. Ethnographic view of Western Africa. From Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. The Canadian Journal of Industry, Science and Art, Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4, 1856. From the Canadian Institute. The Peninsular Journal of Medicine, July, 1856. From the Editors. Speech of Hon. J. R. Tyson, delivered in the House of Representatives, July 12th, 1856. From the Author. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. v. pp. 33T — 352. From the Society. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. vi. No. 55. From the Society. New York Medical Times, July, 1856. From the Editor. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, new series, Vol. v. From the, Academy. August IQth. The following were presented by Dr. Wilson on the usual conditions : Journal of the Franklin Institute, Vol. 62, No. 368. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Tome iv.. No. 6. The London Athenaum, June, 1856. Comptes Rendus. T. xlii., Nos. 22 — 26, inclusive. XVlll. A popular History of British Lichens. By W. Lindsay, M. D. London, 1856. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, July, 1856. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, June and July, 1856. London, Edinburg and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, June and July, 1856, and Supplement. Conchologia Iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Parts 154, 155, 156. The Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland. By Thos. Moore, F. L. S. Edited by John Lindley, Ph. D. &c. Part xvi. The Birds of Asia. By J. Gould, F. R. S., &c. Part viii. L'Organisation du Regne Animal. Par Emile Blanchard. lie Livraison. Reptiles. Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France. 2e Serie, T. v. 2e partie. Mikrogeologie. Von C. G. Ehrenberg. Fortsetzung, Bogen 1 — 22. Leipzig, 1856. Bonplandia, iv. Jahrgang, No. 12. Die Natur, No. 25 — 28, inclusive. Handbuch der Zootomie, von Siebold und Stannius. 2er Thiel. Berlin, 1856-. Die in und an dem Korper des Lebenden Menschen Vorkommenden Parasiten, &c. Von Dr. F. Kiichenmeister. Ite, Abtheilung, 1 and 2 Lief und 2e Abthei- lung. Conspectus Generum Avium. Auc. C. L. Bonaparte. Sectio secunda et tertia. List of the specimens of British Animals in the collection of the British Mu- seum. Part xi. Anoplura. London, 1852. List of MoUusca and Shells in the collection of the British Museum. London, 1855. DONATIONS TO MUSEUM In September and October, 1856. September 2d. A collection of Fossil bones consisting of the humerus of a species of Cervus, the humerus of Canis primcevus, and 5 cervical and 6 caudal vertebrae, fragments of 18 dorsal and lunular vertebrae, fragments of 7 ribs, portions of 2 tibiae, small fragments of 1 scapula, 3 fragments of an ulna and a radius, 2 condyles of a femur, 3 fragments of an innominatum, 1 calcaneum, 1 astragalus, 2 cuboids, 1 cuneiforme, 5 metatarsals, 2 metacarpals and 5 phalanges of Megalonyx Jeffer- sonii. From a cave in the north of Alabama. Fragment of a femur and of the antler of two species of Cervus, from the Plio- cene deposits of Darlington, S. C, and the tooth of a Phoca ? from the Miocene of Virginia. Presented by Prof. Tuomey, of Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Two fruits from Rio Grande. Presented by Dr. F. A. Genth. Two species Prionotus and 2 do. Platessa, Absecom. Presented by Dr. Boker. Astacus, n. s., Dayton, Ohio. Presented by Dr. J. C. Fisher. Fossil coral, Ireland. Presented by John Vaughan. Two Shark teeth, New Jersey. Presented by Dr. Coates. Two Salamandra rubra. Presented by Dr. Uhler. Twelve young of the Rattlesnake. Presented by Dr. Rand. One Coryphodon constrictor, N. Jersey. Presented by Mr. Ashmead. Five Ambystoma punctatum, N. Hampshire. Presented by Dr. LeOonte. Four large species Menopoma alleghaniensis, Ohio River near Pittsburg. Pre- sented by Dr. Alfred King. One Heterodon platyrhynos, Penna. Presented by Dr. Wilson, U. S. N. Serpentine precious, Newburyport, Mass. Presented by Dr. Uhler. AUanite, Chester Co. Presented by Dr. W. D. Hartman. Skeleton of Tropidonotus sipedon. Presented by Mr. F. Schafhirt. A collection of Shells. Presented by F. A. Sauvalle, of Havana. XIX. September 9th. Fifty specimens — 25 species — Fishes from Beasley's Point, N. J. Presented by Mr. Ashmead and Dr. Leidy. Specimens Stalactites from crevices of the cliif limestone, Galena, 111. Pre- sented by Hon. John G. Potts. Agate, Calcedony, Montevideo. Presented by F. Bond, Esq. Sulphate Magnesia, Phila. Co., Pa. ; Cacoxene, Montgomery Co., Pa. ; Stauro- tide, Phila. Co., Pa. Presented by T. D. H. Rand. Two fossil Shark teeth, Simoda ; two fossil shells, Porto Praya ; Crystals sul- phate of lime. Cape de Verde ; one specimen clay, Napa, Loo Choo ; one Helix. Presented by Dr. Joseph Wilson, Jr., U. S. N. One Gorgonia, coast of Delaware. Presented by Chas. Gilpin, Esq., through Dr. Elwyn. Sq>tember 16ih. A collection of reptiles as follows : Five Emys pseudo-geographica, three Crotaphytus collaris, five Plestiodon obsoletus, two Holbrookia maculata, five Phrynosoma cornutum, seven Cnemidophorus gularis, two Ophisaurus striatulus, two Elaphis alleghaniensis, one Coryphodon flaviventris, one Coronella gentilis, one Tantilla gracilis, three Ablabes calligaster, two species Tropidonotus nudet, one T. ordinatus, three Heterodon nasicus, four Trigonocephalus contortrix, one Crotalus confluentus, two Herpetodryas vernalis, one Rana halecina, one R. pipiens, one Engystoma, 22 specimens Bufo americanus? one B. punctatus, four Rana conspersa, one Ambystoma — 79 specimens, 24 species, of 21 genera. Also Helix monodon, H. fraterna, H. alternata, H. albolabrus, H. arborea, and Pupa armigera. From Kansas. Presented by Dr. Hammond, U. S. A. Two specimens mountain and arenaceous Guano, from Monk's Island and Esmarelda. Presented by Robert B. Baker. Dactylopherous, Trinidad, W. I. Presented by Dr. S. Lewis. September 23d. Mergulus albus. Presented by Dr. S. Lewis. A collection of shells. Presented by Townsend Ward, Esq. Selenite. Presented by Dr. LeConte. Native alum, California. Presented by A. H, Smith. October 1th. Several fragments of bones of Megatherium, and a molar tooth and several fragments of bones of the Mammoth, (Elephas.) From the excavation of the Brunswick Canal, Georgia. Presented by J. S. Phillips. Two Anas boschas ; one Oidemia perspicilata. Coast of Oregon. Presented by G. B. Davidson, Esq. Original of Coluber caligaster. Say. Presented by Prof. J. Holbrook. Fox squirrel. Presented by Thos. Kite. Skin of Cervus macrotus. Presented by G. B. Davidson. Ptilonopes Penonsii, Peale ; Samoan Islands. Presented by Dr. Ruschenberger. Eleven species, nine genera. Fishes from Lake George. Presented by W. S. Vaux, Esq. Three species, two genera, Fishes from Schuylkill River. Presented by Dr. Uhler. One species Fish. Presented by Mr. Guillou. October lith. A collection of Fossils : Two vertebrje of Basilosaurus, four other vertebrae, twelve fishes vertebrae, sixteen shark teeth, two corals, and four casts of two species Nautilus ; from the Eocene of Alabama. Presented by Dr. S. W. Clanton. XX. One hundred species of U. S. coast shells, including some recently discovered. Presented by Wm. Stimpson, Esq. Four species of Fishes ; 17 specimens, 10 species, Crustacea, California. Pre- sented by G. B. Davidson, Esq., U. S. Coast Survey, through Dr. LeConte. Fossil Echinus, cretaceous ; Alabama. Presented by Dr. J. Nott, of Mobile. Sixteen specimens, three species reptiles. New Jersey. Presented by Mr. C. Fisher. Three Pseudotriton niger, Schuyllsill River. Presented by Dr. Uhler. One Heredia oregonensis, Gir. ; California. Presented by Mr. Geo. B. David- son, of the U. S. Coast Survey. Two coal plants, and a nodule sulphuret iron, Presented by Dr. J. J. Hayes. One Coral, Simoda Bay. Presented by W. Stimpson, Esq. October 2\st. Twenty-nine specimens, 11 species of reptiles of the genera Rana, Bufo, Ples- tiodon, Tropidonotus and Herpetodryas. From Dr. Miles of Flint, Genessee Co., Mich., through Mr. Bowers. Two specimens Wavellite, Chester Co., Pa. From R. H. Lambert, through Jacob Pierce. Albino Sylvia marilandica. From. C. Kuhn. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY In September and October, 1856. September 2d. The American Journal of Science and Arts, September, 1856. From the Editors. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, pp. 353 — 368. From the Society. The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, July, 1856. From the Editor. Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, T. lOme. From the Society. Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologic und Petrefakten-Kunde. Herausg. von K. C. Leonhard und H. G. Bronn, Jahrgang, 1856, 2tes Heft. From Dr. Bronn. Wiirttembergische naturwissenschaftliche Jahreshefte. 12ter Jahrgang 2tes Heft. From Verein fiir Vaterlilndische Naturkunde. Abhandlungen der Mathemat-Physikalischen classe der Koeniglich Bayer- ischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Yten Bs. 3te Ab'g. Miinchen, 1855. From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Munich. Rede uber die Grenzscheide der Wissenschaften. Gehalten von F. von Thiersch. From the same. Rede ueber den Begriff und die Stellung des Gelehrten. Gehalt. von F. von Thiersch. From the same. Denkrede auf Johann Repomuk von Fuchs. Von F. von Kobell. From the same. Verhandlungen des natur historischen Yereines der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westphalens. Herausg. von Prof. Dr. Budge, 12ter Jahrgang. 3tes und 4tes Heft, und IStet Jahrgang, les Heft. From the Union. September 9th. Charleston Medical Journal, September, 1856. From the Editor. New York Medical Times, September, 1856. From the Editor. The following were presented by Dr. Wilson on the usual conditions : Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale Zoologique d'Acclimatation. T. iii., Nos. 1 — 6 inclusive. The Athenaeum, July, 1856. Comptes Rendus, T. xliii., ] XXI. Nos. 1 and 2. September \Qth. Annales des Mines, 5me serie, T. vi., 6e livraison de 1854, T. vii., 1 — 5 liv. 1855. Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Sciences, de I'Agriculture et des Arts, de Lille, Supplement a I'annee, 1853. From the Society. Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Sciences Naturelles de Cherbourg. 3e vol. Paris, 1855. From the Society. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias de Madrid. T. ii. 1 ser. ciencias exactas, t. 1, pte la. 1853. T. i. ciencias naturales, t. 1, pte 3a. 1854. From the Academy. Resumen de las actas de la Academia Real de Ciencias de Madrid, 1851 to 1853. From the Academy. Memoire della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino. Ser 2da, T. xv. From the Academy. Third Supplement to Dana's Mineralogy. From the Author. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, pp. 369 — 384. From the Society. The following were presented by Dr. Wilson on the usual conditions : Physiotypia Plantarum Austriacarum. Von Constantin von Ettingshausen und Alois Pokorney. Wien, 1856, 1 vol. text, 5 vols, plates. Bonplandia, ii. Jahrgang, Hanover, 1854, iv. Jahr., 13, 14. Die Natur, 5ter Jahr., 29—32. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1856 No. 7. Versuche und Resultate iiber die Nahrung der Pflanzen. Von Fiirsten 2u Salen-Herstmar Braunschweig, 1856. Zeitschrift fiir Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 8ter band. 2tes Heft, 1856. Die Tineen und Pterophoren der Schweiz. Von Prof. Heinrich Frey, Zurich, 1856. Essai Monographique sur les C16rites Insectes Coleopteres. Par Maximilian Spinola. Genes, 1844, 2 vols. MittheiJungen aus Justus Perthes' Geographischer Anstalt, &c. Von Dr. A. Petermann, 1856, v. vi. Xenia Orchidacea. 8tes heft, 1856. Uber die durch Molekularbewegungen in starren leblosen Korpern bewirkten Formveriinderungen. Von J. F. L. Hausmann. Gottingen, 1856. Pflanzenphysiologische Untersuchungen. Von Carl Nageli und Carl Cramer. Heft 1 and 3. Zurich, 1855. Uber den Bau der Nerven-Primitivfaser und der Nervenzelle. Von Dr. B. Stilling. Frankfurt a. m., 1856. Beitrage zur Naelieren Kenntniss der Urweltlichen Saeugethiere, von Dr. J. J. Kaup, Ites heft. Darmstadt, 1854. Flora Tertiaria Helvetije. Von Dr. 0. Heer, iv. v. Lieferung. Comptes Rendus, T. xliii., Nos. 3, 4, 5, et Table des Matieres du Tome xli. Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands. Begonnen von Dr. W. F. Erich- son Fortgesetzt von Dr. H. Schaum, G. Kraatz und H. V. Kiesenwelter, Iste Abth. Iste Band, Iste Lief.— 2ter Bd. Iste, 2te Lief. Berlin, 1856. September 23d The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson on the usual conditions : De Goniatitis in Montibus Rheuanis occurentibus. Auc. H. E. Beyrich. Bero- lini, 1837. 4to. p. Monographia Cavias Porcelli Zoologica. Ed, J. J. Freuler. Goettingse, 1820. Charcteristik der Thierpflanzen. Von J. S. Schrojter. Niirnberg, 1798. Curtii Sprengel, Commentarius de Partibus quibus insecta spiritus ducunt. Lipsise, 1815. XXll. De Ornithorhyncho Paradoxo. Auc. L. M. JafFe. Berolini, 1823. Piscium querelae at Vindiciae. Expositae a J. J. Scheuchzero. Tiguri, 1708. Beschreibung einiger minderbekannten Seethiere, und ihren Eigenschaften. VoQ J. B. Bohadsch, Dresden. 1776. Epistola de Balajnopteris quibusdam ventre sulcato distinctis. Quam viro summe venerando J. F. Blumenbachio, Grat. Scrip. D. F. Rosenthal et D. F. Hornschuch, Gryphiae, 1825. Die Falirten-Abdriicke im bunten Sandsteine bei Jena. Von Dr. K. Koch und Dr. E. Sclimid. Jena, 1841. Bericht iiber die Naturhistorischen Reisen der Herren Ehrenberg und Hemp- rich, Gelesen von Alex, von Humboldt. Berlin, 1826. Illustrazioni al Genere Cipridina e descrizione di una novella specie Di Oron- zio Gabriele Costa. Ein Nachtrag liber den Didus Ineptus von Lehmann, 1843. Etwas tieber die Natur Wunder in Nord America zusammengetragen. Von Chas. Cramer, St. Petersburg, 1837. Facts concerning the natural history of the Gigantic Irish Deer. By H. H. Richardson. Dublin, 1846. tjber den Bau des Pentacrinus caput Medusae. Von Hrn. Mtiller. tfber den glatten Hai des Aristoteles, und iiber die Verschiedenheiten unter den Haifischen und Rochen in der Eutwickelung des Eies. Von Hrn. Miiller. Dissertatio de Fabrica et usu antennarum in Insectis. Grat. G. F. Erichson. Beroline, 1847. Commentatio Pharmacologico-Medica de Spongia Marina, Auc. A. F. Uhle. Lipsise, 1820. Bemerkungen iiber den Bau des Amphioxus lanceolatus. Von H. Rathke. Die Insekten im Bernstein. Von Dr. G. C. Berendt, Ites heft. Danzig, 1830. Observationes de Prima Insectorum Genesi, Scrip. A. Kolliker. Turici, 1842, Observationes in Porcelli sine Cavise Cobays Historiam Naturalem. A. G. F. Schultz. Berolini, 1829, Disquisitiones Anatomico-Comparativae de Membro Piscium Pectorali. Auc. C. Mettenheimer. Berolini, 1847. Systema Amphibiorum Lymphaticum disquisitionibus novis examinatum, Auc. J. Meyer. Berolini, 1845. Dissertatio inauguralis de Oculo Reptilium. Auc. A. Fricker, Tubingae, 1827. De Spatularium Anatome. Auc. A, Wagner. Berolini, 1848. Commentatio de Pectinis in Oculo Avium. Auc. A. Huschke, Jenae, 1827, De Phaenomeno Generali et Fundaementali motus Vibratorii Continui, etc. Scrip. Prof. J. E, Purkinje et Dr. G. Valentin. Wratislaviffi, 1835. De Acaro Scabiei Humano. Auc. E. M. Heyland, Berolini, 1836. Observationes de Sagitta mare Germanicum circa Insulam Helgoland inco- lente. Auc. R. Wilms. Berolini, 1846. De Trunco Palmarum Fossilium. Auc. C. G. Stenzel. Vratislavias, 1850. Afferunter Nonnulla ad Amiam Calvam Accuratius Cognoscendam. Auc, H. Franque. Berolini, 1847. De Oorporum Heterogeneorum in Plantis Animalibusque Genesi. Auc. J. H. Schmidt. Berolini, 1825. Ueber Thierfnehrten im Bunten Sandstein, Von B. Cotta. Dresden und Leip- zig, 1839. Dissertatio Anatomica de Rana Cornuta. Submit. C. G. Kloetzke. Berolini, 1816. De Hepatis Ranarum Exstirpatione. Auc. F. T, Kunde. Berolini, 1850. Ueber verschiedene neue oder seltene Reptilien aus Neu Granada und Crus- taceen aus China. Von A. A. Berthold, Gottingen, 1846. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Urwelt. Von J. C. Zenker. Jena, 1833, Strata identified by Organized Fossils, By Wm, Smith. London, June 1, Oct, 1, 1816, Sept. 1, 1817 Prodromus descriptionis formarum partium Elementariarum in animalibus. Dr. 0, A. S. Schultze. Berolini, 1828, XXIU. Ueber Calamiten und Steinkohlenbildung. Von Dr. A. Petzholdt. Dresden und Leipzig, 1841. Bouwstoflen voor Bene Fauna van Nederland. J. A. Herlilots. Leiden, 1851. Catalogo delle Conchiglie osservate dall' abate L. Brumati. Physiologiam animalium commendat et ad audiendam, &c. N. G. Leske. Lipsiae, 1175. Conspectus animalium quorundam maritimorum nondum editorum, &c. A. G. Otto. Vratislaviae, 1821. De Vegetativis et animatis corporibus, &c. Auc. J. F. M. de Olfers. Pars. i. Berolini, 1816. Analecta ad tubercixlum et entozoorum cognitionem. Auc. G. Kauifmann. Berolini, 1847. Eiuleitung in die Geschichte der Naturwissenschaft. Von J. Brotz. Heidel- berg, 1842. AUocuzione due del Prof. Gurgio Jan. Milano, 1842. Essai Statisque sur les Bibliotheques de Vienna. Par Adrien Balbi. Paris, 1835. Die Fische des Bodensees. Herausg. von Dr. St. Nenning, 1834. Synopsis Reptilium. F. A. A. Meyer. Gottingen, 1795. On the heat of Vapors. By J. W. Lubbock. On the Theory of the Moon, and on the Perturbations of the Planets. By J. W. Lubbock, Parts i. to ix. On the Heat of Vapors and on Astronomical Refractions. By J. W. Lubbock. London, 1840. Note on the calculation of the distance of a Comet from the Earth. By J. W. Lubbock. On the determination of the distance of a Comet from the Earth, and the elements of its orbit. By J. W. Lubbock. De Trilobitis. Auc. H. F. Bmmrich. Berolini, 1839. Observata Qujedara Anatomica de Auchenia Lama. Auc. J. 0. L. Moller, Regimontii Prussorium, 1840. Verzeichuiss der in Pommern vorkommenden Vogel. Herausg. Hernschuch und Schilling. Greifswald, 1837. October *Itk. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. v. pp. 385 — 400. From the Society. Ninth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New York. From the Regents. The Canadian Journal, Sept., 1856. From the Editors. The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, Sept., 1856. From the Editor. Statistics of the Flora of the Northern United States. By Asa Gray. From the Author. Experiments upon Digestion. By F. G. Smith, M. D., &c. From the Author. The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, Sept., 1856. From the Editor. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, vol. xii. pt. 3, No. 47. From the Society. Recueil des Actes de I'Academie Imperiale de Bordeaux. 1855, 3e et 4e tri- mestre. From the Academy. On two new Genera of Fungi. By the Rev. M. J. Berkeley. From the Author. Dr. Wyman on Podisoma Macropus, with remarks by M. J. Berkeley. From the same. On the Amber Beds of East Prussia. By Dr. K. Thomas. From the same. Observations on the Sphagriacese. By Prof. Guiseppe de Notaris. From the same. On the probable conversion of Asci into Spores. By M. J. Berkeley and C. E. Broome. From the same. XXIV. On the "White Eust of Cabbages. By M. J. Berkeley. From the same. Notice of a Mould attacking the Coffee Plantations in Ceylon. By M. J. Berke- ley. From the same. A Micrographic Study of the Disease of Saffron, known under the name of Tacon. By C. Montague, M. D. From the same. Enumeration of some Fungi from St. Domingo. By M. J. Berkeley. From the same. On a form of Scab in Potatoes. By M. J. Berkeley. From the same. Dr. Schleiden's Theory of Agriculture. By M. J. Berkeley. From the same. On a Peculiar form of Mildew in Onions. By |M. J. Berkeley. From the same. Observations on a form of White Rust in Pear Trees. By M. J. Berkeley. From the same. Botanical Notes on the Mildew of the Vine and Hop. By M. J. Berkeley. From the same. On the Vine Mildew. By Hugo Mohl. From the same. ■ Observations on the Dentalium Subulatum of Deshayes. By M. J. Berkeley. From the same. On the Internal Structure of Helicolinax. By M. J. Berkeley. Some Notes upon Cryptogamia and Fungi. By Dr. F. Welwitsch and J. M. Berkeley. From the same. On the Bleached Wood of the Arctic Voyagers as a possible indication of the route of Capt. Sir J. Franklin. By M. J. Berkeley. From the same. Centuries of North American Fungi. By M. J. Berkeley and M. A. Curtis. From the same. On Moulds allied to Fumago. By M. J. Berkeley and J. B. H. J. Desmazieres. From the same. Researches on the Structure of Annular vessels. By Hugo Mohl. Prelimi- nary Reply to Mohl's Essay by Dr. M. J. Schleiden. From the same. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, vol. viii. From the Smithsonian Institution. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual condition : — The London Athenaeum, August, 1856. Bulletin de la Societe Iraperiale Zoologique D'Acclimatation. T. iii. No. 8. Comptes Rendu s, T. xliii. Nos. 6, 7, 8. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. xviii. Nos. 104, 105. The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, 4th series, vol. xii. Nos. 77, 78. Conchologia Iconica. Part 157. L'Organisation du Regne Animal. Par ^raile Blanchard. 18e liv. Arach- nides, liv. 9e. The Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland. By Thos. Moore and Jno. Lindley. Part. xvii. Malakozoologische Blatter. Band. iii. Bogen 4-6. A Manual of Marine Zoology for the British Isles. By P. H. Gosse, F. R. S. Part ii. London, 1856. Ferny Combes ; A Ramble after Ferns in the Glens and Valleys of Devonshire. By Charlotte Chanter. London, 1856, A Dictionary of Botanical Ferns. By Rev. J. S. Henslow, M. A. London. On the Variation of species with especial reference to the Insecta ; followed by an Inquiry into the Nature of Genera. By V. V. WoUaston, M. A., &c. Lon- don, 1856. Report of the twenty-fifth Meeting of the British Association for the Advance- ment of Science. London, 1856. October lith. The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson : — De Hepate MoUuscorum. Auc. J. Frank. Berolini, 1844. NonnuUa de Hepate et bile evertebratorum. Auc. H. G. Lindner. Berolini, 1844. XXV. De Mammalium Dentibus. Auc. H. F. Nuesse. Berolini, 1835. Diss, de Fuactione Digestionis. Auc. J. J. Hewer. Berolini, 1820. Diss, inaug. de Musculorum. Auc. C. G. Schcepps. Halae, 1829. Nervi Accessorii Wiilisii Aaatomia et Piiysiologia. L. W. T. Bischoff. Heidei- bergse, 1832. Diss, inaug. Experiment, in ranae Esculent, plexu lumbali facta veram nerv, fibrin. &c. Auc. H. Kronenberg. Berolini, 1835. De pise. at. amphib. nudor. lobis opticis at. olfactoriis. Auc. J. H. Eichholtz. Berolini, 1841. Observat. ad Anatomicam Cheloniorum. Auc. G. C. H.Peters. Berolini, 1838. Observat. Anatom. de Mammal, quorundam praeser. quadruman. vocis instru- mento. Auc. J. F. Brandt. Berolini, 1816. Diss, inaug. de sing, clitoridis in Simiis, &c. Auc. A. G. F. Fugger. Bero- lini, 1835. De Spinis Hystricum. Auc. C. J. A. Bceckh. Berolini, 1834. De Hepate ac bile Crustaceorum et MoUuscorum quorundam. Auc. F. F. G. Schlemm. Berolini, 1844. Mem. del Ghiozzo d'acqua dolce del Dottor F. de Filippi. Milano, 1841. Symb. ad Anat. &c. Natatorise Piscium. Auc. S. Berlak. Reg. Pruss. 1834. De Part, quibus insecta spiritus ducunt, C. L. G. Loewe. Halae, 1814. De Amphib. System. Uropoetico. T. F. Fink. Halae, 1817. De Respiratione Ranarum. Auc. L. Berg. Berolini, 1831. Diss, de vi Muse, in part, a reliq. corpore sejunctus. Auc. W. Krimer. Halae, 1818. De Emendanda Physiologia commentatio. G. R. Treviranus. Gottingae, 1796. Diss, de Camel. Dromedario observata quaedam anatomica. Auc. C. A. Grun- dler, 1817. Descrip. d'une dent Molaire de Dinotherium. Par M. L'Abbe Oaneto. Paris, 1837. Lettera del Dott. Fillippi Sopra I'Anatomia e lo Sviluppo delleClepsine. Pavia, 1839. Odontologie ou Observations sur les dents humaines. Par C. F. Delabarre. Paris, 1815. Des Organes de la Digestion dans les Ruminans, &c. Par P. Chabert. Paris, 1797. Specimen Anthropologice Experimentalis, J. C. Acoluthus. Vitembergae, 1 722. Cuvier's Report upon Audouin's researches upon the Anatomy of the thorax in articulated animals. De Organis Circulationis et Respirationis Reptilium. C. G. H. Westphal. Halae, 1806. Diss, de Hist. Nat. et Anat. Bovis Bubali. Auc. J. E. Klein, Tubingae. Diss. Zool. General. Auc. G. G. Winter. 1836. Nouvelles Observations sur I'Osteologie. Paris, 1689. L'imposture des couverte des os humains supposes. Paris, 1614. Diss, de Struc. Mammarum, F. W. Mencelius, Lugd. Batav. 1720. Diss, de Nervis Spinal. Avium NonnuUarum. Auc. W. Marbach, Vratislaviae, 1840. Diss, de experiment, qusedam circa corpus Callosum, cerebellum, duram maningem, in Vivis Animalibus instituta. Auc. J. G. Zinn. Gottingae, 1744. DetBlennii vivipari formatione et evolutione observationes. Auc. T. Forch- hammer. Kiliae, 1819. Nicolai Stenonis elementorum Myologise Specimen, Florentiae, 1647. Responsio ad Questionem Zoologicam. M. C. Verloren. Diss.de Manducat. Hom. ceterorumque mammalium. P. H. 0. Canzius. Lugd. Batav. 1831. De Mammal. QDsophago atque Ventriculo. F. A. Schmidt. Halse, 1805. De Mutatione, qua habitus animantium externus femineus indolem indiut Masculam. Auc. N. J. Schiifgens. Berolini, 1833. 25 XXVI. October 2\st. Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutscblaads Begonnen von Dr. W. F. Erichson ; Fortgesetzt von Dr. F. Schaum, G. Kraatz und H. V. Kiesenwetter. Iste Ab. Coleoptera, Iste Bd., Iste Lief., Bogen 1 — 12. From Dr. Schaum. History and description of a new Sperm Whale. By Wm. S. Wall. Together with some account of a new genus of Sperm Whales called Euphysetes. Syd- ney, 1851. From the Author. The London Journal of the Society of Arts, VoL iv. Nos. 180 — 192. From the Society. Selena, ou la Famille Samaneenne. Par J. A. Gleizes, Paris, 1838. Thalvsie, on La Nouvelle Existence. Par J. A. Gleizes. Paris, T. L 1840, T. n. 1841, T. III. 1842. Le Christianisme Explique, ou Le Veritable Esprit de ce Culte meconnu jus- qu'a ce jour. Par J. A. Gleizes. Paris, 1837. The three preceding works from the Author. Atti della Reale Accademia delle Ssienze, sezione della Societa Reale Bor- bonica, Vol. VI, Napoli, 1851. From the Society. Rendiconto della Societa Reale Borbonica, n. s. Nos. 1 — 6, 1853. From the Society. Note sur la Machine suedoise de M. M. Schutz pour calculer les Tables mathe- matiques par la Methode des Differences, &c. Par C. Babbage. Ou the Constants of Nature. Class Mammalia. By Ch. Babbage. Descriptions of eight new species of Birds from South America. By P. L. Sclater. , Note sur L'Equateur Zoologique. Par Dr. Pucheran. Esquisse sur la Mammalogie du Continent Africain. Par Dr. Pucheran. The three preceding pamphlets from Mr. Sclater. DONATIONS TO MUSEUM In November and December, 1856. November 4,th. Three specimens Graphite, Ceylon. Presented by G. W. Earle through E. Draper. Twelve human Skulls, 6 casts of do., 2 casts of Oraug heads, various casts of remains of Palceotherium, Anoplotkerium, Deinotherium, Tapirus^ Megalosaurus, Ich- thyosaurus^ Igu.anodon, &c., from specimens in the museums of Europe ; nume- rous moulds in plaster of fossils, 2 teeth of Elephant, horns of Bos ami; the whole forming part of the natural history collection of the late Dr. Richard Harlan. Deposited and presented by Richard Harlan, Jr. Skin of Eunectes murinus, Brazil. Presented by S. B. Howell. Large specimen Exogyra costata. N. Jersey. S. S. Garigues. Specimens of Granite, Mica and Schorl, from near Boston. Presented by Benj. R. Smith. November Wth. Fine specimen of an extinct plant from the old Red Sandstone, (No. XL of Roger's Survey,) from near Pottsville, Pa. Presented by W. P. Foulke. Coral, from the miocene marl of Nash Co., N. C. Presented by 0. D. Coppedge. Two Ilippurites, from near Warsaw, Alabama. Presented by Dr. S. W. Clan- ton. Orange and black variety of the Cat-fish, Delaware River. Presented by Dr. Uhler. Nowmber l^lh. Nine specimens Trigonophrys rugiceps, Parana, S. A. ; specimens of the Coc- coou of a Spider of a golden yellow color. Presented by Dr. H. W. Kennedy, of Buenos Avres. XSVll. One fossil crustacean, 3 echinal spines, 4 casts of shells, from Palestine ; 5 specimens fossil wood, from near Cairo, Egypt ; one cone of the Cedar of Leba- non. Presented by Rev. Mr. Bailey. Skeleton of Rana pipiens. In exchange. Twentj'-one species of fossil shells from the limestone of Cincinnati ; 32 species of other fossil shells ; 16 species American land shells ; 16 species American Cyclas, 7 species Pisidinm ; Cast of Ornithicintes giganteus ; impressions of rain drops from the valley of the Connecticut. Presented by W. G. Binney, Esq. One hundred of the rarer species of U. S. marine shells. Presented by Wm. Stimpson, Esq. One hundred and eleven species Achatinella, Sandwich Islands ; four species laud shells from Guahau. Presented by Dr. W. Newcomb, of Albany. Four specimens, two species, fossil shark teeth, from miocene deposit of West- moreland Co., Va. Presented by Dr. Uhler. One specimen Graphite, large and fine, Ceylon. Presented by Geo. W. Earle, Esq., through E. Draper, Esq. December 2d. Six specimens fossils from Nebraska ; 8 specimens cretaceous fossils from Nebraska. Presented by W. A. Hammond, M. D., U. S. A. Eight specimens cretaceous fossils from Nebraska; 1 large Saurian vertebra, from Grand River, Nebraska. Presented by Capt. Alfred Sully, U. S. A. Two specimens Scutella, St. Augustine, Florida. Two species Helix, Paris Basin. Presented by W. G. Binney. One species Pupa, 1 Lymnioa, Paris Basin. Two species fossil plants from an Olive Slate below the coal conglomerate, McKean Co., Pa. Presented by P. W. Sheafer, Esq. Skin of the red fox, Vulpes fulvus. Presented by Joseph Lea, Esq. December 9ih. Specimen skin, in summer pelage, of Yulpes lagopus, from Upernavik, Green- land. Presented by Dr. J. J. Hayes. Skins of Geomys oregonensis and Perognathus fasciatus, Kansas. Presented by Dr. Wm. H. Hammond, U. S. A. Nine specimens of the genera Holbrookia, Ambystoma and Bufo, from the Rocky Mountains ; 29 specimens of the genera Crotaphytus, Phrynosoma); Cne- midophorus, Ophisaurus, Ablabes, Coryphodon, Coronella, Elaphis, Heterodon, Bufo, Ambystoma, and Siredon, from Kansas. Presented by Dr. W. A. Ham- mond, U. S. A. Sixty-nine specimens of the genera Sceloporus, Cnemidophorus, Lygosoma, Ophisaurus, Elaphis, Tropidonotus, Ablabes, Herpetodryas, Ischognathus, Elaps, Toxicophis, Crotalus, Bufo and Hyla, from Texas. Presented by Dr. A. Heer- mann. One Ischognathus from Michigan. Presented by Dr. Miles. A small collection of Coleoptera from Texas. Presented by Dr. A. Heermann. A collection of Naiades from Quincy, Hi. Presented by Dr. A. B. McChesuey. December 16 th. Numerous specimens teeth of Carcharodon, Lamma and Otodus ; 1 large tooth of Pristis; 1 do. Enchodus, attached to a fragment of the jaw ; 1 vertebra Car- charodon ; fragment of the lower jaw Cervus virginianus, Monmouth Co. N. J. Presented by P. D. Knieskern, M. D. Two teeth Carcharodon, Prairies of Mississippi. Presented by Dr. J. C. Nott. Two species Salamandra, 1 Salamandrina, 2 Euproctus and 1 Triton, 10 speci- mens. Presented by the administration of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris. Eleven Silurian fossils from Broad Top, Penna. Presented by John McCanles, through Mr. Jeanes. Six Devonian fossils, Ohio. Presented by Dr. Logan. XXVUl. Bombycilla {jarrula, Cleveland, Ohio. Presented by Prof. J. P. Kirtland. One Dipus, Tunis, Africa. Presented by W. P. Chandler, U. S. Consul. December 23 c?. One Astacus, Dennisville, N. J. Presented by S. Ashmead. Four specimens Coleoptera, Brazil. Presented by W. G. E. Agnew. Eighteen Triquetra obliqua, 7 T. corrugata, 1 Castalia quadrilatera, 3 C. trun- cata, 9 Anadonta, 58 Ampullaria papyracea and other species, 1 Melania, 40 Bulimus, Achatina, &c., 1 Platemys martinella ; Pvio Negro and Rio Branca, New Grenada. Presented by H. B. Dewey, Esq., through Dr. H. Bond. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY In November and December, 1856. November 4th. The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson, of South Wales, on the usual conditions : — Les Serins. Par I'Abbe Beraud. Paris, 1795. Jucundis ex Phys. Prob. de Basilisci Existentia et Essentia sub prsesid. G. C. Kirchmajeri. 1670. Deo Trinuno Mundi CreatoreVolente, etSchediasma de Gryphibus. Respond. P. C. Schrotero. Lipsiffi, 1670. De Dracone sub praesid. M. G. C. Kirchmaieri. Wittebergae, 1660. On Shooting Stars. By Sir J. W. Lubbock. Die Elementar-Organisation des Seelen-Organes. Von Dr. A. F. J. C. Mayer. Bonn, 1838. Zu der Ofifentlichen Priifung der Siimmtlichen Classen des Magdalenischen Gymnasiums. Dr. F. W. Kluge. Breslau, 1832. Sopra i Vulcani Estinti del Valdi Noto., Memoria Seconda del Professore C. Gemmellaro. Catania, 1835. De Novis quibusdam Fossilibus quae in Montibus Uraliis inveniuntur. Scrip. G. Rose Dr. Berolini, 1839. De la Classification des Mineraux, These Soutenue. Par H. G. De Clanbry. Paris, 1824. Des Effets Geologiques du tremblement de Terre de la Calabre en 1783. Par F. de Bellevue. Diss, inaug. de Sphenis atque Titanitae Systemate Crystallino. G. Rose. Berolini, 1820. Disqui. Micros, de Plumarum Pennarumque Evolutione. Auc. C. H. Reclam. Lipsiae, 1846. Thomffi Bartholini dissertat. de Cj'gni Anatome, ejusg. Cantu, 1668. De oculis Leucaethiopum et Iridis Motu Commentat. D. J. F. IBlumenbachii. Goettinga;, 1786. Propositions Extraites d'un Essai sur la Respiration, Suivies de quelques Ex- periences sur rinfluence de la liuitieme Paire de Nerfs dans la Respiration. Par H. M. D. de Blainville. Paris, 1808. Disquisitiones de Piscium Glandula Choroideali. Auc. Dr. M. Erdl. Mona- chii, 1839. Diss, inaug. de Talpae Europseae Oculo. Auc. A. G. Koch. Regimontii, 1826. I Deglutitionis Mechanismus. A. P. J. Sandifort, 51. D. Lugdd. Batav. 1805. Considerations Anatomico-physiologiques et Historiques sur le Coipo du Chili. Par M. P. Ackerman. Paris, 1644. De Sternaspide Thalassemoide et Siphostomatc Diplochaito Vermibus duobus Marinis. Conscrip. A. G. Otto. Vratislavias, 1820. Diss, inaug. de Organismo de que Plantarum Animalicumque Organism dif- ferentiis. Auc. E. Detroit. Berolini, 1831. XXIS. Diss, iaaug. de Cerebro Cypriui Carjiionis. Auc. 0. Wilczewski. Berolini, 1837. Diss, inaug. de Musculis Crocodili. Defend. H. Buttman. Halte, 1826. Diss, iuaug. de Auguillarum Sexu ac Generatione. Auc. R. F. M. H. Horn- schuch. jtiyphife, 1842. Etudes sur rOrganlsation des Actinies. These par M. H. HoUard. Paris, 1848. Memoires sur les Communications des Vaisseaux Sympbatiqus avec les Veines et sur les Vaisseaux Absorbaus du Placenta et du Cordon Umbilical. ParV. Folimann. Liege, 1832. De la Peau. These par J. M. Philipeaux. Paris, 1847. Recherches Anatoraiques sur le Systeme Cutane de I'homme. Par G. A. Gaultier. Paris, 1811. Observationes Zoologicse Criticas in Aristotelis Historiam Animalium. Scrip. A. F. A. Wiegmann. Lipsiae, 1826. Diss, inaug. de motu Spermatozoorura. J. C. A. Kroemer. Gottingas, 1842. Beytraege zur Anatomic der Insekten. Von Dr. C. F. Posselt. Tiibiugen, 1804. Diss, iuaug. de Genitalium Evolutione. J. C. Mueller. Halse, 1815. Sur des Deviations Organiques provoquees dans un Etablissement d'incuba- tions artificielles. Par Geoffroy Saint Hilaire. Osservazioni Anatomiche comparative sull'iatima Struttura delle Cartilagini dei Condrottergi del dottor G. D. Nardo. Venezia, 1845. Osservazioni Ittiologiche dal dottor G. D. Nardo. Rischiarimenti e Eettificazioui ai Generi ed a qualche Specie della Famiglea de' Zoofitari Sarcinoidi ad Alcionari del dottor G. D. Nardo. Recherches sur les Corps de Wolf. These par E. FoUin. Paris, 1850. G. Valentin de Functionibus Nervorum Cerebralium et Nervi Sympathici. 1839. Disquisitiones AnatomicEe circa Musculos Auris interns hominis et mamma- lium, etc. Auc. E. Hagenbach. Basileae, 1833. Die Nonne im Walde und ihre Schwestern Kein Roman. Leipzig, 1798. Der Vogelheerd. Von J. K. Goetz. Nordlingen, 1800. Dissertation sur les Huitres Vertes de Marennes. Rochefort, 1821.' Anleitung zur Erziehung, &c. Braunschweig. 1793. Poynse Marc, Aurum, Cometa, quaedam Physica. Parisiis. C. A. Triurcuriani de Terrae Motu. 1585. ^ Neuvieme Rapport Annuel sur les travaux de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de rile Maurice. Par J. Desjardins. Paris, 1840. Notice sur le Musee Botanique de M. Benj. Delessert. Paris, 1845, Dicuili Liber de Mensura Orbis Terrae. Ed. a C. A. Walckenaer. Parisiis, 1807. Nephelin in Dolerit am Kazzenbukkel. Von Leonhard und Gmelin. Heidel- berg, 1822. Zur Erinnerung an Karsten. Berlin, 1810. Dissertatio de Harengis ; vulgo Halecibus dictis, de Martini Schockii. Gro- ningae, 1649. Beytraege zur Naturgeschichte und Bergpoliceywissenschaft. Von F. G. Glaser. Leipzig, 1780. Du Fou de Bassan. Par M. A. De Bonnechose. Pauli Jovii Novo-comensis, de Piscibus Marinis, Lacustribus, Fluviatilibus item de Testaceis ac Salsamentis liber. Rapport fait a la Societe Royale et Centrale d' Agriculture. Par H. De Thury. Paris, 1834. Moyen pour Detruire les Taupes. Paris, 1779. Diss. Physic, de Elephante. Defend. J. H. Burckhard, Altdorffl, 1696. Destruction economique de I'alucite et du Charangon. Par J. Ch. Herpin. Succincta Succini Prussici historia et demonstratio. Auc. P. J. Hartmann. Berolini, 1699. 29 * XXX. Trattato della Grandezza dell 'Acqua et della Terra. Di A. Michele. Vene- tia, 1583. Die Grundformen der Infusorien in den Heilquellen. Von Dr. S. F. Stiebel. Frankfurt am Main, 1841. Spec. Hist. Natural. Antiq. Artis, J. F. Blumenbachii. Goetting*, 1808. Recherches sur la classification des Poisons de I'ordre des Plectognathes. Examen de la place que doit occuper dans la classification le Poisson decrit par S. Volta, sous le nom de Blochiuslongirostris. These par C. Dareste. Paris, 1850, Notice sur les travaux de Zoologie pure et appliquee a I'agriculture, de F. E. Guerin-Meneville. Societas nat. curiosorum Halensis, interprete C. L. Nitzsch. Halae, 1829. Refutation de Systemes de Strabon, et de ses commentateurs, et de celui de BuflFon, sur la formation de la Mer Mediterranee. Relation d'un Voyage fait dans le Department de I'orne, pour constater la realite d'un meteore observe a I'Aigle le 6 floreal au 11. Par J. B. Biot, Paris. Museum Mediolanense, animalia Vertebrata, n. 1. Aves. November lltJi. United States Nautical Magazine. Oct., 1856. From the Editor. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Session of 1855 — 6. From the Society. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. VI. pp. 1 — 32. From the Society. Expedition shells ; described for the work of the United States Exploring Ex- pedition. By A. A, Gould, M. D. Boston, 1846. From the Author. Charleston Medical Journal and Review. Nov., 1856. From the Editor. Synopsis of the Cactaceee of the U. S. Territory and adjacent regions. By G. Eugelmann, M. D. Cambridge, 1856. From the Author. American Journal of Science and Arts, Nov., 1856. From the Editors. Journal of the London Society of Arts. Vol. IV. Nos. 193 — 201. From the Society. On the action of non-conducting bodies in electric induction. By Prof. Fara- day and Dr. Riess. On some points of Magnetic Philosophy. By Prof. Faraday. Experimental Researches in Electricity, 30th series. By Prof. Faraday. Proceedings of the Essex Institute. Vol.1. From the Institute. Annales des Mines. 5me Ser. T. VIII. liv. 6, de 1855. From the School of Mines. Memoires de 1' Academic Imperiale des Sciences, Belles-lettres et Arts de Lyon. Classe des Sciences. T. 5. From the Academy. De L'Oiigine des Diverses varletes ou Especes d'Arbres Fruitiers, &c. Par A. Jordan. Paris, 1853. From the Author. Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon. N. S. T. 2. From the Society. Memoire sur L'JSgilops Triticoides et sur les questions d'Hybridite, de Varia- bilite Specifique. Par A. Jordan. Paris, 1856. From the Author. Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie. 2me ser. T. VII. le partie, 1855. From the Imperial Society of Agriculture of Lyons. Memoires de L'Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Lyon Classe des Lettres, N. S. T. IV. From the Academy. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson on the usual conditions : Journal of the Franklin Institute, Oct., 1856. Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Imperiale zoologique d'Acclimatation. T. III. Sept., 1856. Revue el Magasin de Zoologie pure et Apppliquee. 1856, Nos. 8, 9. Comptes Rendus. T. XLIII. Nos. 9—12, 1856. Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes' Geograi)hischer Anstalt, &c. Von Dr. A. Petermann. 1856, VII. and VIII. Novitates Conchologicai. Von Dr. L. Pfeifi'er. 6 Lief. XXXI. Bryologia Javanica. Auc. F. Dozy et J. H. Molkenboer. Fascic. VIII., IX., X. London Athenasum, Sept., 1856. Die Natur, 185G, Nos. 36—39. Bonplandia, IV. Jahr. No. IT. Handbuch der Speciellen Ornithologie. 5 Lief. Praktisch-gemeinnrtzige Naturgescliichte der Satigtliiere des In- und Aus- landes. Von H. E. L. Reichenbach. Leipzig, 1836. Die Raubsaugethiere. Von H. E. Ludwig Reichenbach. Dresden und Leipzig, 1852. The following were received from Dr. John McClelland, through the Hon. Wm. L. Marcy : Notulas ad Plantas Asiaticas. Part I. Development of Organs in Phanaero- gamous Plants. Part II. On the higher Oryptogamous Plants. Part III. Monocotyledonous Plants. Part IV. Dicotyledonous Plants. By the late Wm. Griffith, Esq., F. L. S., &c. Arranged by John McClelland, F. L. S., Surgeon, Bengal Service, Calcutta, 1847, 1849, 1851, 1854. Journals of Travels in Assam, Burma, Bootan, Afifghanistan and the neigh- boring countries. By the late Wm. Griffith, arranged by John McClelland, Calcutta, 1847. Itinerary notes of Plants collected in the Khasyah and Bootan Mts., 1837 — '38, in Afifghanistan and neighboring countries, 1836 — '41. By the late Wm. Griffith. Arranged by John McClelland, Calcutta, 1848. Palms of British East India. By Wm. Griffith ; arranged by John McClelland. Calcutta, 1850. Icones Plautarum Asiaticarum. Part I. Development of Organs in Phanai- rogamous Plants. Part II. On the higher Cryptogamous Plants. Part III. Monocotyledonous Plants. Part IV. Dicotyledonous Plants. By the late Wm. Griflfith ; arranged by John McClelland. Calcutta, 1847, '49, '51, 54. Observations on the Zodiacal Light, from April 2, 1853, to April 22, 1855, with conclusions from the data thus obtained. By Rev. Geo. Jones, A. 51. Vol. III., Washington, 1856. From Aubrey H. Smith, Esq. November I8th. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual conditions : A Manual of the Sea- Anemones, commonly found on the English coast. By Rev. Geo. Tugwell, London, 1856. Natural History of the Inanimate Creation, &c. By D. T. Ansted, Ed. Smith, Hugh Breen, John Scoffern, and E. J. Lowe. London, 1856. Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States ; arranged accordiug to the Natural System. By Asa Gray. 2d edit., New York, 1856. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, Oct., 1856. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Oct., 1856. London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, Oct., 1856. Comptes Rendus. T. XLIIL, Nos. 13 and 14. L'Organisation du Regne Animal. Par Emile Blanchard. 19 et 20 liv. The Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland. Parts X. and XV. A monograph of the Trochilidas or Humming Birds. By John Gould. Parts XI. and XII. The Mammals of Australia. By J. Gould. Part. VIII. Der Jura. Von F. A. Quenstedt. Iste Lief. Bogen 1 — 13. Tubingen, 1856. Geschichte der Botanik. Studien von E. H. F. Meyer. 3 Band. Konigsberg, 1856. Wahre Parthenogensis bei Schmetterlingen und Bienen. Von C. T. E. von Siebold, Leipzig, 1856. Uber Chytridium eine Gattung einzelliger Schwarotzergewachse auf Algen und Infusorien. Von A. Braun. Berlin, 1856. Die Blasenband wiirmer und ihre Entwicklung. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Keantniss der Cysticercusleber. Von R. Leuckart. Giessen, 1856. XSXll. Abbildung der Rindvieh-Stiimme Wiirtembergs. Heraus. von der Konigl Centralstelle fiir die Landwirthscbaft. Stuttgart, 1853. Filices Horti Botanici Lipsiensis. Von Dr. Geo. Mettenius, Leipzig, 1856. Tbe Physical Atlas of Natural Phenomena. By A. Keith Johnston. Edin- burgh and Loudon, 1856. 2d edition. The Natural History of Iceland ; Translated from the Danish original of Mr. N. Horrebow. Loudon, I'ToS. The Natural History of Norway; Translated from tbe Danish original of tbe Right Rev. Erich Pontoppidan. London, 1755. Florfe Philadelpliicae* Prodromus. By Wm. P. C. Barton, M. D. Philadel- phia, 1815. Journal of tbe Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Vol. HI. Part III. From the Publication Committee. DecemhcT 2d. The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson, of South Wales, on the usual conditions : An account of the late extraordinary Durham Ox. By John Day. London, 1807. Report on the Patent Laws. By James A. Lawson. Dublin, 1851. A Catalogue of the Paintings, Drawings and Casts in the Permanent Gallery of Art, Royal Institution, Colquitt St. Liverpool, 1851. Catalogus Conchyliorum qute Reliquit C. P. Kierulf, M. D., &c. Scrip. 0. A. L. Morch. Hafnia;, 1850. Der Elephant Indiens. Esercitat. Med. de Harengo. Pauli Neucrantzi. Lubec?e. Erinacei Europ^i Anatome. Aug. I. I. Wetter. Gottingae, 1818. Acheta; Guineenses. Pro. A. Afzelius ct F. W. Brannius. Upsalite, 1804. G. C. Kirchmajeri de Draconibus Volantibus. Wittebergaj. Diss, inaug. med de Systemate Telffi Elasticae Corporis Animalis. Auc. H. Hauff. Tubings, 1822. Novae insectorum species ab J. Udman. Erlaugae, 1793. %_ Disputat. med. de Morsura Serpentum. Exhib. J. G. Acrell. Upsalise, 1762. A. Glossary of Terms used in the Coal Trade of Northumberland and Durham. London, 1851. Essai Medical sur les Huitres. Par J. P. A. Pasquier. Paris, 1818. Observations sur les Lombrics ou vers de Terre. Par A. J. de Montegre, Paris, 1815. Memorandum of objects of general interest in the vicinity of Dublin. Dublin, 1835. Diss, inaug. med. Sistens Experimenta qujedam Circa Animalium Classium inferiarum incrementum et Vitam. Defend. C. Weller. Hal^, 1817. Observations sur I'Origine, &c., des Vers, de Mer. Par M. Rousset, 1733. Diss, inaug. zool. de Nervis Concharum. Auc. G. A. F. Keber. Berolini, 1837. Descrip. de quelques Nouv. especes de Coquilles-Fossiles trouvees a Grignon. Par M. Caillat. Memoire relatif a la Destruction des Hannetons. Par Laffary. Paris, 1834. Memoire sur les Courtillieres. Par M. Lacene. Diss, inaug. de notis Nautilearum Primaries. Auc. F. A. Quenstedt. Bero- lini, 1836. Essai sur I'organisation des Insectes. Par C. Perotti. 1808. Essai sur les causes de la Couleur verte que prennent les Huitres des pares a certaines epoques de I'annee. Par Benj. Gaillon. Bijdrage tot de Anatomic vanden Stenops Kukang (Nycticebus Javanicus) door J. L. C. Schroeder van der Kolk. Benevens een Naschrift over de tot het geslacht Stenops behoorende soorten, door J. Van der Hoeven. Leiden, 1841. De la Peinture d'Histoire Naturelle. Par M. Jacquemart. Paria, 1839. XXXUl. December 9ih. Second Annnal Report of the Geological Survey of the State of New Jersey, for the year 1855. Trenton, 1856. From Mr. Ghas. E. Smith. The Canadian Journal for November, 1856. From the Editor. A Monograph of the Birds forming the Tanagrine genus Calliste. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M. A., &c. London, Part I. From the Author. Archiv. fiir Naturgeschrchte. Heraus. von Dr. F. H. Troschel. 19 Jahr., C Heft; 20 Jahr., 5 Heft; 21 Jahr., 1, 2, 3, 5 Heft. From the Editor. Zeitschrift fiir die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften, 1854, July to December, and 1855, January to December, inclusive. From the Natural History Society of Halle. Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie Geologic und Petrefakten-Kunde. 1856, 3, 4 Heft. From Prof. H. G. Braun. Nerhandlungen des Zoologisch-botanischen Vereins in Wien. Bd. E., 4te quart. From the Society. Bericht iiber die cisterreichische Literatur der Zoologie, Botanik und Palaeon- tologie aus den Jahren 1850, '51, '52, '53. From the same. Nova Acta Regias Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis. 3 ser. Vol. I. From the Society. Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt. VI. Jahr. No. 3. From the Institute. Almauach der Kaiser. Akad. der Wissen. 6ter Jahr., 1846. From the Vienna Academy. Sitzungsberichte der k. Akad. der Wissenschaften. Mathemat. Naturwis. classe. Bd. XVIll., Heft 1, 2 ; Bd. XIX., Heft 1, 2. From the Academy. Denkschriften der k. Akad. der Wissenschaften. Mathemat. Naturwis. Classe. Bd. X. From the Academy. Memoires de laSociete de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve. T. XIV. le partie. From the Society. A Natural History of Ferns, British and Exotic. By E. J. Lowe, London. Parts I. to XVI. inclusive. From the Author. Ou the claims of the Gigantic Irish Deer to be considered as contemporary with man. By Wm. H. Denny. From the Author. Annual Report of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society. From the Society. Report of the Proceedings of the Geological and Polytechnic Society of the West Riding of Yorkshire, 1855. From the same. Om benet Luz, af Prof. A. Retzius. From the Author. Anmarkningar om Antrum Pylori hos Menniskan och Nagra djur af A. Ret- zius. Stockholm, 1855. From the Author. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual conditions : Fiore de France, &c. Par Grenier et Godron. 3 vols. Paris, 1848 — '56. Tconographie der Land-und Siisswasser-MoUusken Europa's, &c. VonE. A. Rossmassler. 3 Bd. 3 und 4 Heft. Die Natur. No. 44. Bonplandia. Nos. 18, 19. Malakozoologische Bliitter. 3 Bd. 7 — 9 Bogen. Bulletin mensuel de la Societe Imperiale Zoologique d'Acclimatation. T. III., No. 10. Annals and Magazine of Nat. Hist. Nov., 1856. London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine. Nov., 1856. Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology. Part XL VIII. Journal of the Franklin Institute. Nov., 1856. London Athenaeum. Oct., 1856. Die Giftpflanzen der Schweiz. Von J. Hegetschweiler, M. D., Zurich. From Mr. H. Hotz. Flora Helvetica. Von J. Hegetschweiler, M. D., Zurich. From Mr. H. Hotz. XXXIV. December \Qth. The following were presented, on the usual conditions, by Mr. Edward Wilson : Marbrieres de France. Paris, 1824. Traite Complet du Kermes. Par M. Truchet. Paris, 1811. GriiadUche Anleitung die verschiedenen arten der Hunde und Katzen. Von F. A. Mayer. Wien, 1803. Abhaudluiig von den sowohl ausserlich-als innerlichen Krankheiten der Jagd- und anderer Ilunde. Von L. G. K. Salzburg, 1801. Observations sur las Salines du Departeraent de la Meurthe. Paris. Der Ele[)hant. Quedlinburgh, 1787. Margaritologie. Vcn F. T. Hauf. Miinchen, 1795. Saggio sopra le Peschiere e la loro Utilita. Di A. M. Vassalli-Eaudi. Etat de nos Connoisances sur les Abeilles au Commencement du XIX. e siecle. Par M. Lombard. Paris, 1805. Esquisse Geognostique du Systeme du Rhin. Par MM. D'oeynhausen, De Dechen et de la Roche, 1825. Exercitatio Physica de Zoophytis, a J. G. Hilligero. Wittebergse, 1667. Notice sur les Races d'Animaux Domestiques en Algerie. Par M. Mercier. Paris, 1847. L'Asne. Paris, 1729. Een Kort Tractaet van de Nature der Elementen, &c., Gedaen door Cornelis Drebbel. Tot Rotterdam, 1621. Philippi D'Inville Soc. Jesu. Aves. Parisiorum. Diss. Philosopb. de Gigantibus Hyperboreis. G. Browallius. Upsaliae, 1688. Reflexions Critiques sur la legitimate des Naissances Tardines. Par M. Plison. Paris, 1765. Notice sur I'lmportation et I'Education des Moutons a Longue Laine. Par J. Cordier. Paris, 1826. Multiplication eleve entretien et engraissement du Pore. Par H. Magne. Paris, 1841. Rapport sur la Peche Fluviale dans le department de I'Aube. Troyes, 1851. Du Charanpon. Par M. Chenest. Paris, 1838. Observations sur I'Histoire Naturelle et Mythologique de I'lbis. Ouvrage de J. C. Savigny. Rapport sur le Sauvage de L'Aveyron. Par E. M. Itard. Paris, 1807. Notes on the distribution and range in depth of MoUusca and other marine animals observed on the coasts of Spain, Portugal, Barbary, Malta, and Southern Italy in 1849. By R. Macandrew. London, 1850. Bemerkungen uber den Bau der Rudisten von Dr. Goldfuss. Instructions for the Observation of Periodical Phenomena. Instructions for making Meteorological and Tidal Observations. Dublin, 1850. Animadversiones circa Crocodylum ej usque Historiam. Sub. M. Jacobson. Lundse, 1797. Dissertatio de Natura Cervi. Auc. G. Moebius. Jenze, 1639. Programme de Unicornu et Ebose Fossili. De G. W. Wedelii, Jenae. De Elephante. Sub. C. Fredericus. Seckendorff, 1696. Der Hyane von J. E. Goldhagen. Magdeburg. Disputat. Phys. de Lupr. Auc. J. Wolf, 1673. Memoire sur le Scorpion. Par A. Maccary, M. D., 1810. Les Martinales. Par A. L. Millin. Paris, 1815. De Hydrosilicite, nova Fossilium specie. Auc. J. C. C. Kuh. Berolini, 1826. De Plantis Zoopliytis et Lithophytis xo. Mari Mediterraneo Niventibus. De J. F. Maratti, Romae, 1776. Christiaue Francisci Paullini Talpa, etc. Francofurti et Lipsise. Naturgeschichte des Elephanteu. Lettre sur une Nouvelle Espece de Tarsicr. Par G. Fischer. MayencCj 1802. De Organis Piscium Externis de J. E. Hebenstreit. Lipsiae, 1733. XXXV. Ueber den Sarder Onyx und Sardonyx. Von U. F. B. Bruckman. Braun- schweig, 1801. Note sur le Kermes. Zu Werners Andenken gesprochen von K. 0. R. von Leonhard. Frankfurt am Mayn, 1817. De Selachis Aristotelis ZoologiEe Geographicse specimen inaugurale auctore E. Eichwald, M. D. Vilnse, 1819. Quelques Mots sur le Soufre. Par J. Moulierac, Montpelier. Systematische Beschreibung eineger Egelarten. Von Dr. J. F. P. Braun. Berlin, 1805. Intorno al Sisteraa Idraulico del Po. Milano, 1840. Report on the probability of the occurrence of Goal and other minerals in the vicinity of Lancaster. By J. Phillips, F. R. S., &c. Lancaster, 1837. Neue Hjqjothese von Entstehung der Gauge. Von J. Brunner. Leipzig, 1801. Bemerkungen iiber die Familie der Asiliden. Von Dr. H. Loew. Berlin, 1851. De Novis quibusdara Fossilibus quae in Montibus Uraliis inveniuntur. Scripsit G. Rose, Dr. Berolini, 1839. Beobachtungen an einer neuentdeckten Zwisserphaliine des Bombyx Crataegi. Von F. E. Esper. Erlangen, 1778. Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Seeigellarven von Dr. A. Krohn. Heidelberg, 1849. Beitrage zur Fauna der Infusorien, mit dem Beigefiigten Ehrenberg'schen Systemef Von F. Riess, M. D. Wien. Considerations Zoologiques sur les Belemnites. Par A. D'Orbigny. Paris, 1846. Physikalisch-Oeconomische Abhandlung von den Schiidlichen Raupen der Obstbilume. Von J. F. Glaser. Leipzig, 1780. Diss, inaug. hist.-med. de Nechuschthane et ^sculapii serpente, etc. Auc. A. F. Funk. Berolini, 1826. De Organogenia, a C. F. Heusinger. Jense. Notice Historique sur la Punaise. Paris, 1817. Dissertatio de Migratione Avium J. A. Bamps, Hasseletensis. Beschreibung und Abbildung eines ungebornen Elephanten. Von E. A. W. Zimmermann. Erlangen, 1783. Considerations sur I'Abeille. Par Clement Pailhasson. Paris, 1841. Sur le Gisement des Insectes Fossiles. Par A. Brulle. Paris, 1839. Saggio di Una Monografia delle Forficule indigene del Prof. G. Gene. Pa- dova, 1832. December 23d. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Nos. 299 — 304. From the Society. The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist. December, 1856. From the Editor. Report on Strychnia. By L. H. Steiner, M. D. From the Author. Address delivered before the Montgomery County Agricultural Society. By J. R. Tyson, LL. D. From the Author. Report of the Commissioner of Patents for the year 1855. Arts and Manu- factures. Vols. I. and II. Washington, 1856. From the Patent OfBce. Annual Report of the Normal, Model, Grammar and Common Schools in Upper Canada, for the year 1853, with an Appendix by the Chief Superintendent of Education. Quebec, 1856. The same for 1855. Toronto, 1856. From L. A. Huguet-Latour, N. P. Report of the Superintendent of Education for Lower Canada, for 1855. To- ronto, 1856. From the same. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual conditions : Neue Untersuchungen liber den Bau des Riickenmarks von Dr. B. Stilling. Iste Lief. Frankfurt, A. M., 1856. Atlas Mikroscopisch-Anatomischer Abbildungen zu den Neuen Untersuchun- gen, &c. Von Dr. B. Stilling. Iste Lief. SXXVl. Testacea Novissima quse CI. de Saulcy in Itinere per Orientem Annis 1850 et 1851 coUegit. Auc. J. R. Bourgnignat. Lntetire, 1852. Symbolte ad historiam Heliceorum. Auc. Dr. L. Pfeiffer, Sec. 1 — 3. Cassellis, 1846. Ueber den Geologischen Ban der A.lpen. Von A. Schlagintweit. Berlin, 1852. The Aquavivarium, fresh and marine. By E. Lankester, M. D. London. Handbook of Zoology. By J. Van der Hoeven. Vol. I. Invertebrata. Cam- bridge, 1856. A Treatise on the Esculent Funguses of England. By C. D. Badham, M. D. London, 1847. Observations Anatomiqnes sur la Structure interieure et le Squelette de plusieurs Especes de Cetaces. Par P. Camper. Paris, 1820. Traite des Petrifications avec figures, Paris, 1742. Tables of the Trade and Navigation of the Province of Canada, for the year 1855. Toronto, 1856. From L. A. Huguet-Latour, N. P. Canada at the Universal Exhibition of 1855. Toronto, 1856. From the same. Rapport Annuel des Inspecteurs du Penitencier Provincial pour I'Anee 1853. Toronto, 1856. From the same. Public Accounts for the Province of Canada for the year 1855. Toronto, 1856. From the same. Report of the Commissioners of Public "Works for the year ending 31st Dec, 1855. Toronto, 1856. From the same. CATALOGUE OP HUMAN CRANIA IN THE COLLECTION OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA: . Based upom the Third Edition of Dr. Morton's " Catalogue of Skulls," &c. BY J. AITKEN MEIGS, M. D. Librarian of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, &c. " Of all the peculiarities in the form of the bony fabric, those of the skull are the most striking and distinguishing. It is in the head that we find the varieties most strongly characteristic of different races." — Prichard. '• Hence our zoological study of man will be greatly assisted by carefully examining genuine speci- mens of the skulls of different nations, which are easily prepared and preserved, may be conve- niently handled and surveyed, considered in various points of view, and compared to each other." — Lawkence. • PHILADELPHIA 1857. MERRIHEW & THOMPSON, PRINTERS. EXPLANATORY NOTE. Siace the death of the late lamented President of the Academy of Natural Sciences, — Dr. Samuel George Morton, — his magnificent Col- lection of Human Crania, recently increased by the receipt of 67 skulls from various sources, has been permanently deposited in the Museum of the Academy. Prior to his demise. Dr. M. had received 100 crania in addition to those mentioned in the third edition of his Catalogue. Since 1849, therefore, the Collection has been augmented by the addition of 167 skulls. To complete the Catalogue in a uniform manner, these have been carefully numbered and measured in accordance with the methods re- corded in the Crania Americana, &c. In a portion of these measurements I was kindly assisted by our fellow-member, Dr. Thos. J. Turner of the United States Navy. The entire Collection, — numbering 1035 crania, — was purchased by forty-two gentlemen* from the executors of Dr. Morton, for the sum of $4,000, and by them generously presented to the Academy. The Collection occupies 16 cases on the first gallery, on the south side of the lower room of the Museum. For convenience of study and exam- ination I have grouped the crania according to Eace, Family, Tribe, &c., strictly adhering, however, to the classification of Dr. Morton. It will be seen, also, that the same arrangement has been adopted in this edition of the Catalogue, so that it is an exact representation of the Collection as it stands upon the shelves. While the old numbering has been carefully preserved for the sake of reference to the various published descriptions of Dr. Morton, new numbers have been added to designate the position of any skull in the natural division or subdivision to which it belongs. The Suevic, Cimbric and Scandinavian divisions of the great Teutonic Race, are represented by 32 crania and 3 casts, distributed as follows : *Their names are as follows: — Charles Henry Fisher, Thomas Biddle, Henry J, Williams, Charles D. Meigs, Thomas T. Lea, John Farnum, John A. Brown, William Welsh, Richard Price, Morris L. Hallowell, Joseph D. Brown, William Piatt, Joseph Swift, Singleton A. Mercer. A. J.Lewis Geo.W. Carpenter, Geo. B. v ood, J. Francis Fisher, David S.Brown, John B. Meyers, Lewis R. Ashhurst, Caleb Cope, Richard D. Wood, Samuel V. Merrick, James Dundas, J. Pemberton Hutchinson, Henry Pepper, John Cooke, John Lambert, Robert Pearsall, Joseph S. Lovering, J. G. Fell. Caspar W. Pen- nock, John Grigg Joseph Jeanes, Thomas P. Remington, John Price Wethcrill, Henry Seybert. Thomas McEwen, Robert Swift, Jacob G. Morris, and Wm. S. Vaux. {.See Proceedings of the Academy, Vol. VI. pp- 321, 324, 4 INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 1 Norwegian, 7 Swedish peasants, 2 Swedes from Finland, 3 Swedes from Sudermanland, 1 Ostrogoth, 1 Turannic Swede, 2 Cimbric Swedes, i Cimbrian from Moen Island, 11 Germans, 1 Dutchman, 4 Prussians, and 1 Ancient Burgundian. Among these I have also placed 3 Swedish-Finns, which, though mixed, are more Swedish than Finnish. Next to these from their affinity, have been arranged the heads of 9 true Finns and a cast of a Finlander's skull. Of 4 Swedish peasants, the highest internal capacity is 99, the lowest 65, while the average of the group is 83 cubic inches. Of 2 Swedes from Finland, the larger is 107.5, the smaller 93.75, and the mean 100.62. Of 3 Swedes from Sudermanland, the highest measurement gives 108.25, the lowest 102, and the mean 101.41 inches. Of two Cimbric Swedes, the higher is 94, the lower 80, the mean 87. Of 10 GTerman heads, the highest is 104, the lowest 70, and the mean of the series 88.6. The skull of a Dutch gentleman (No. 434) is the largest in the entire collection, for it measures 114 cubic inches of internal capacity. Four Prussian skulls give 92 for the highest, 80 for the lowest, and 83.5 for the mean. The average for this branch of the Teutonic Family, as deduced from the foregoing measurements is about 94 cubic inches. Of 3 Swedish Finns, the highest internal capacity is 89, the lowest 85, and the mean 87 inches. Of 9 true Finns, the highest is 112.5, the lowest 81.5, the mean 94.3. A large portion of this valuable series — from Nos. 1545 to 1550, and from 1542 to 1541, — were received from Prof. Eetzius, after the death of Dr. Morton. Many of the above Crania " have been obtained from hospitals and institutions for paupers, whence we may infer that they pertain to the least cultivated portion of their race."* The brief histories attached to Nos. 1539, 1540, 1542 and 1546, were written in the Danish language, on slips of paper, which had been placed in the cavity of each cranium. Of these I obtained translations through the kindness of Dr. L. Elsberg. The Anglo-Saxon race differs from the Teutonic in having a less spheroidal and more decidedly oval cranium. " I have not hitherto exerted myself to obtain crania of the Anglo- Saxon race, except in the instance of individuals who have been signalized by their crimes ; and this number is too small to be of any importance in a generalization like the present. Yet, since these skulls have been procured without any reference to their size, it is remarkable that five give an average of 96 cubic inches for the bulk of the brain ; the smallest head measuring 91, and the largest 105 cubic inches. It is necessary to observe, however, that these are all male crania ; but on the other hand> they pertained to the lowest class of society, and three of them died on the gallows for the crime of murder." *This and the following quotations are taken from the unfinished memoir left by Br. Morton. The MS was kindly loaned to me by his son, Mr. Robert P» Morion. INTRODUCTORY NOTE. 5 'The Anglo-Americans, the lineal descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, conform in all their characteristics to the parent-stock. They possess, in common with their English ancestors, and in consequence of their amal- gamation, a more elongated head* than the unmixed Germans. The few crania in my possession have, without exception, been derived from the lowest and least cultivated portion of the community — malefactors, paupers and lunatics. The largest brain has been 97 cubic inches ; the smallest, 82 ; and the mean of 90 (nearly) accords with that of the collective Teutonic race. The sexes of these 7 skulls are 4 male and 3 female." " The Celts who, with the cognate Gauls, at one period, extended their tribes from Asia Minor to the British Islands, are now chiefly con- fined as an unmixed people to the west and south-west of Ireland, whence have been derived the 6 crania embraced in the Catalogue. These range between 97 as a maximum and 77 as a minimum of the size of the brain ; and the mean, which is 87 cubic inches, will probably prove to be above that of the entire race and not exceed 85." In the following table, the reader will find some of the European races compared together in relation to their cranial capacities. TABLE L European Crania. FiSNS. Swedes. Germans. Anglo- Saxons. Anglo- Americans. Kelts. CiMBRI. No. in No. in No. in No. in\ No. in No. in No. in Cata- I. C. Cata- I.e. Cata- I.e. Cata- 7. C. Cata- I. C. Cata- I.U. Cata- J. a CO logue. logue. logue. logue. logue. logue. 21 logue. 1255 80 1534 94.5 1486 99. 706 94. 80 91 552 97 93 M 1535 97.5 1545 107.5 1063 86. 539 92 999 91 42 97 1532 80 1536 112.5 1546 93.75 1188 85. 991 105 1108 95 52 82 1550 94 ^ 1537 84.25 1547 102. 1189 78. 59 99 985 93 • English Anglo-Americans ■ •■• Tchudic Family. True Finns Celtic Family. Native Irish • ■ • • Pelasgic Family. Persians Armenians Circassians Semitic Family. Arabs Nilotic Samily. Fellahs Indostanic Family. Ayras Bengalees Ancient Caucasian Group. ^A ) Pelasgic Family. ~ i 1 Graeco-Egyptians I S j Miotic Family. ^o J Egyptians Mongolian Group. Chinese Family Hyperborean Family , Malay Group. Malayan Family Polynesian Family Ameeioan Group. Toltecan Family Peruvians Mexicans Barbarous Tribes. Iroquois Lenape Cherokee Shoshone, &c Negro Group. American-born Negroes Native African Family Hottentot Family Alforian Fam^Uy Australians Oceanic Negroes NO. or SKULLS. 11 15 5 7 LARGEST 1. C. SMALLEST. I. C. 10 3 18 IS 55 10 S 20 5 152 25 164 12 64 3 8 2 108.25 114 105 97 112.5 97 94 98 96 91 90 97 96 98 102 97 90.5 101 92 104 86 99 83 83 77 05 70 91 82 81.5 78 84 66 79 67 73 68 70 78.75 68 82 58 67 69 73 65 68 63 76 93 95 96 90 94.3 87 84 89 79 86 78 87 80 85 89 86 84.3 75.3 81.7 [■93.5 ■81.7 84 80.8 83.7 75.3 75 76.5 1 87 I 85 1 [80.3 I I I ■ 82.25 * Dr. Morton died before this memoir was completed. Extracts from it will be found in the fore- going Explanatory Note. 1 1 have enlarged this Table by the addition of 40 measurements, with the effect of increasing the mean cranial capacity of the Teutonic Family, the Mongolian and American Groups, by 1.5, 5, and 1.3 cubic inches respectively; and slightly diminishing that of the Negro Group. In the preceding Explanatory Note the reader will find a more detailed account of these measurements, togcthev with others which have been made since Dr. Morton's death. 18 INTRODUCTION. In this table the measurements of children, idiots and mixed races are omitted, excepting only in the instance of the Fellahs of Egypt, who, however, are a blended stock of two Caucasian nations, — the true Egyp- tian and the intrusive Arab, in which the characteristics of the former greatly predominate. No mean has been taken of the Caucasian race* collectively, because of the very great preponderance of Hindu, Egyptian, and Fellah skulls over those of the Germanic, Pelasgic and Celtic families. Nor could any just collective conipai'ison be instituted between the Caucasian and Negro groups in such a table, unless the small-brained people of the latter divi- sion (Hottentots, Bushmen and Australians) were proportionate in number to the Hindoos, Egyptians and Fellahs of the other group. Such a com- putation, were it practicable, would probably reduce the Caucasian average to about 87 cubic inches, and the Negro to 78 at most, perhaps even to 75, and thus confirmatively establish the difiFerence of at least nine cubic inches between the mean of the two races.f Philadelphia, Nov. 1, 1849. * It is necessary to explain what is here meant by the word race. Further researches into Ethnographic affinities will probably demonstrate that what are now termed the five races of men, would be more appropriately called groups — that each of these groups is again divisible into a greater or smaller number of primary races, each of which has ex- panded from an aboriginal nucleus or centre. Thus I conceive that there were several centres for the American group of races, of which the highest in the scale are the Tolte- can nations, the lowest the Fuegians. Nor does tliis view conflict with the general prin- ciple, that all these nations and tribes have had, as I have elsewhere expressed it, a com- mon origin ; inasmuch as by this term is only meant an indigenous relation to the country they inhabit, and that collective identity of physical traits, mental and moral endowments, language, &c., which chracterize all the American races. The same remarks are appli- cable to all the other human races ; but in the present infant state of Etluiographic sci" ence, the designation of these primitive centres is a task of equal delicacy and difficulty" I may here observe, that whenever I have ventured an opinion on this question, it has been in favor of the doctrine of primeval diversities among men — an original adaptation of the several races to those varied circumstances of climate and locality, which, while conge- nial to the one, arc destructive to the other ; and subsequent investigations have confirmed me in these views, See Crania Americaiia, p. 3 ; Crania Aigyptiaea, p, 37 ; Distinctive Characteristics of the Aboriginal Race of America, p. 36 ; Sillimans American Journal of Science and the Arts, 1847; and my letter to J. R. Bartlett, Esq., in Vol.2 of the Tran- sactions of the Ethnological Society of New York. t From the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for Sep- tember and October, 1849. C^T A.LOaUB. I. CAUCASIAN GROUP. I. SCANDINAVIAN KACE. [Case 1.) 1. 1260. Cast of a Norwegian skull. From Prof. Retzius, of Stock- holm, A. D. 1845. ([This cast is remarkable for its great size. It belongs to the dolicho- cephalic variety of Retzius. The fronto-parietal convexity is regu- lar from side to side. The occipital region as a whole is quite pro- minent ; but the basal portion of the occiput is flat and parallel with the horizon when the head rests squarely upon the lower jaw. The glabella^ superciliary ridges^ and external angular processes of the OS frontis are very rough and prominent, overhanging the orbits and inter-orbital space in such a manner as to give a very harsh and forbidding expression to the face. The semi-circular ridges passing back from the external angular process, are quite elevated and sharp. The nasal bones are high and rather sharp at the line of junction ; orbits spacious } malar bones of moderate size, and flattened antero-laterally ; superior maxilla rather small in com- parison with the inferior, which is quite large, and much flared out at the angles. The facial angle is good, and the whole head strongly marked.] 1. 117. Swede. 2. 1247. Swedish peasant : woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 85. 3. 1249. Swedish woman of the 13 th century, as tat. 60. L C. 83. 4. 1258. Cast of the skull of a Swedish child, 5. 1486. Swedish peasant : man, setat. 30. I. C. 99. 6. 1487. Swedish peasant : woman, setat. 30. I. C. 65. 7. 1488. Swedish child of four years. The six preceding skulls are from Prof. Retzius, of Stockholm, A. D. 1845 and 1850. 20 CATALOGUE OF [The Swedish form of skull, judging from the above specimens, bears a family resemblance to the Norwegian, and in several respects is not unlike the Anglo-Saxon head figured in the first decade of the Crania Britannica of Messrs. Davis and Thurnam. In theAnglo- Saxon, however, the chin is more acuminated, and the maxillary rami longer. The chief points of resemblance about the calvaria, are the slightly elevated forehead, the rather flattened vertex, and the inclination of the parietalia downwards and backwards towards the occiput. This latter feature is also possessed by the Norwe- gian cast referred to above.] 8. 1545. Swede from Finland. I. C. 107.5. F. A. 86°. 9. 1546. Swede from Finland. I. C. 93.75. F. A. 83°. Man named Carl Bli, from Borga Parish, in the Province of Nyland. For vagrancy he was imprisoned May 17th, 1881, and in default of bail, sentenced to a half-year's hard labor. He died setat. 64 years. Nos. 1545 and 15i6, descendants of colonists who settled in Finland in the most remote times. 10. 1547- Savede from Sudermanland. F. A. 83°. I. C 102. 11. 1548, Swede from Sudermanland. F. A. 85°. L C 94. 12. 1549. Swede from Sudermanland. F. A. 86°. I. C. 108.25. Nos. 1545 to 1549, inclusive, were presented by Professor Retzius, of Stockholm, just after the death of Dr. Morton. 13. 1255. Skull of an ancient Ostrogoth, from a burial-ground of Os- trogothia, in Sweden. Woman, a3tat. 50. I. C. 80. 14. 121. TuRANNic Swede. 15. 1532. Ancient Cimbric inhabitant of Sweden. I. C. 80. F. A. 85*^. From Professor Retzius, after Dr. Morton's decease. 16. 1550. Ancient Cimbric Swede. F. A. 88°. I. 0. 94. Probably descended from the oldest Seytho-Turannic inhabitants, (Brachy-cephali ?) who always have black hair, and are of small stature. From Professor Retzius with No. 1532. 17. 1362. Cast of the skull of an ancient Cumbrian, from the Danish Island of Moen. Prof. Retzius. 1. 1542. Swedish Finn, (mixed.) F. A. 81°.5. I. C. 89. Man, named Elias Alhonen, from Lampis Parish, in the Province of Fosdelhiius. For committing murder he was imprisoned (May 8th, 1840,) in the Fort to hard labor for life. Died in the Laza- retto, setat. 62 years. HUMAN CRANIA. 21 2. 1543. Swedish Finn, (mixed.) F. A. 80°. I. C. 85. 3. 1544. Swedish Finn, (mixed.) F. A. 77°. I. C. 85.25. [In No. 1249 the singularly protuberant occiput projects far behind the foramen magnum. Nos. 1255, 1550 and 1532 evidently belong to the same peculiar type. These four heads resemble each other as strongly as they differ from the remaining Swedes, Finns, Ger- mans, and Kelts in the collection. They call to mind the kumbe- kephalge, or boat-shaped skulls described by Prof. Wilson in his Pre-liistoric Annals of Scotland. No. 1362, presents the same elongated form. It differs from the four preceding skulls in being larger, more massive, and broader in the forehead. Nos. 117, 1258, and 1488 possess the true Swedish form as described above. Nos. 1545 and 1546 are broader, more angular, and less oval than the tx'ue Swedish form. The horizontal portion of the occiput is quite flat, and the occipital protuberance prominent. The three Suder- manland Swedes have the same general form, while the three Swedish Finns have a more squarely globular, and less oval cranium than the true Swedes. In No. 121 the posterior region of the calvaria is broader, and does not slope away so much. In general configuration this cranium approaches the brachy-cephalic class of Ketzius.] 1. 1534. True Finn. 2. 1535, True Finn. II. FINNISH RACE. {Casel.) I. C. 94.5. F. A. 87°. I. C. 97.5. F. A. 84.5°. 3. 1536. True Finn. I. C. 112.5. F. A. 83' 4. 1537. True Finn. Finn (1537). I. C. 84.25. F. A. 82.5°. 22 CATALOGUE OP [The Finnish skull has a square or somewhat angularly round appear- ance. The antero-posterior diameter being comparatively short, it falls within the brachy-cephalic class of Retzius. The forehead is broad, though less expansive than in the true Germanic race. This frontal breadth, the lateral expansion of the parietalia, and the flat- ness of" the OS occipitis, give to the coronal region, when viewed perpendicularly, a square, or rather slightly oblong appearance. The face is longer and less broad than in the Mongolian head, while the lower jaw is larger, and the chin more prominent. Hence, the lower part of the face is advanced, somewhat in the manner of the Sclavonian face. The whole head is rather massive and rude in structure, the bony prominences being strongly cha- racterized, and the sutures well defined. The general configura- tion of the head is European, bearing certain resemblances, how- ever, to the Mongolian on the one hand, and the Sclavonian on the other.] 5. 1538. True Finn. I. C. 105. F. A. 83°. 6. 1539. True Finn. I. C. 81.5. F. A. 85°. A laborer, named Matts Johansson Lans, from the city of Abo. Convicted of deser- tion and theft while in the Emperor's service, he was sentenced to 8 years imprisonment, and died, ast. 22 years, in the Prisoners' Lazaretto. 7. 1540. True Finn. I. C. 88.5. F. A. 84°. A man named Jacob Nurkkala, alias Karry, from Storkyro Parish, in the Pro- vince of Wasa, whO; for committing burglary for the third time, was imprisoned July 6th, 1835, to hard labor in the Fort for life. He died in the Lazaretto, set. 59 years. 8. 1541. True Finn. I. C. 99. F. A. 83°. The preceding 11 skulls were sent to the Academy by Professor Retzius, of Stockholm, just after the demise of Dr. Morton. 9. 1252. Skull of a Finland woman, from the Parish of Kemi, setat. 40. I. C. 86. 10. 1259. Cast of the skull of a Finlander. Prof Retzius, 1845. III. SUEVIC RACE. ( Case 1.) 1. 37. German ; woman, aetat. 30. I. C 90. [Round form.] 2. 706. German ? man, tetat. 30. F. A. 80°. I. C. 94. 3. 1060. German of Tubingen : woman, setat. 30. I. C. 70. HUMAN CRANIA. 23 4. 1063. German of Tubingen : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 8G. [Square form; occiput flattened ; face large and long.] 5. 1064. German of Tubingen : woman, setat. 40. I. C. 91. [Has the Swedish or Northern angular oval, a type distinct from the oval of Southern Europe, with which hasty observers are apt to confound it. It is a well-formed head, and in some respects resembles the Anglo-Saxon skull figured in Crania Bntannica.~\ 6. 1188. German of Tubingen : man, setat. 30. I. C. 85. [Resem- bles the preceding skull in form.] 7. 1189. German of Tubingen : man, astat. 40. I. C. 78. [Bears the Swedo-Finuic type. 3 8. 1190. German dwarf: female of Tubingen, 20 years of age and three feet in height. I. C. 46.5. 9. 1191. German of Frankfort : man, setat. 70. I. C. 95. [Ap- proximates the square form.] 10. 1062i German of Frankfort-on-the-Main : woman, getat. 40. I, C. 93. 11. 1187. German of Frankfort-on4he-Maiu : man, oetat. 50. I. C. 104. For the preceding 8 skulls of the Germanic or Teutonic Race, I am indebted to Dr. George Engelmann, now of St. Louis, Missouri. 1. 434. A Dutchman of noble family, born in Utrecht, and for several years a captain in the army at Batavia, in the Island of Java, where he died under thirty years of age. He was handsome, not de- ficient in talent, and of an amiable disposition, but devoted to con- viviality and dissipation, which finally destroyed him. Dr. Doornik, late of Batavia, from whom I obtained this cranium, gave me the above facts from personal knowledge. F. A. 81°. I. C. 114. [The calvaria is very large ; the face rather small, delicate, well- formed, and tapering towards the chin. The frontal diameter or breadth between the temples, is 4^ inches; the greatest breadth between the parietal protubei'ances is 6| inches; the antero-poste- rior or longitudinal diameter is 71 inches; the height, measured from the anterior edge of the foramen magnum, in a direct line to the sagittal suture, 5H inches. A certain angularity or squareness of the frontal and posterior bi-parietal regions, gives to this head the Teutonic form. The posterior or occipital region is flat and broad, and presents to the eye a somewhat pentagonal outline. The temporal regions are full, the mastoid processes large, and the basis cranii nearly round. The outline of the coronal region 24 CATALOGUE OP resembles a triangle, truncated at the apex. This latter feature is also seen in one of the Finnic skulls (No. 1538).] 1. 1065i Prussian of Berlin : man, astat. 30. I. C. 92. 2. 1066. Prussian of Berlin : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 80. 3. 1192. Prussian of Berlin : woman, aetat, 25. I. C. 82. 4. 1193. Prussian of Berlin : woman, aetat. 20. I. C. 80. The preceding 4 crania from Dr. Greo. Engelmann. 1. 1533. Fragments of an Ancient Burgundian skull, from a tomb near Lausanne in Switzerland. Procured by Mr. Trojon, a cele- brated Archaeologist, who considers this skull to have been 2000 years in the tomb. Presented by Prof. Retzius subsequent to Dr. Morton's death. IV. ANGLO-SAXON KACE. {Case 1.) 1. 80. Skull of an Englishman named Samuel Gwillym, a con- vict in Australia, whose history is thus briefly given by my friend Dr. C. HuflPnagle, now of Calcutta : — '' Transported to Van Diemen's laud in 1820 for house-breaking ; was orderly on ship-board, but subsequently robbed his master, for which he was sent for two years to Maria Island : while there was flogged for combination, and also received 100 lashes for stealing articles from the wreck of the Apollo. Returning to Van Diemen's land he was fined twice for drunkenness; and was executed there on the 16th of March, 1837, for the murder of Mary Mills, a young woman whom he had previously violated." I. C. 91. [This skull belongs to the dolicho-cephalic class, but is not strictly oval, being flattened posteriorly. In general configuration it re- sembles the Northern or Grothic style of head. The face bears the Finnic stamp.] 2. 539. Skull of James Moran, an Englishman, who was executed at Philadelphia for piracy and murder. May 19, 1837. -^tat. 20. F. A. 79°. I. C. 92. [This skull is long, flat on the top, and broad between the parietal bones. The posterior portion of the occiput is prominent, the basal surface is flat. In its general outline, the calvaria approaches the kumbe-kephalic form.] 3. 991. English soldier? from Bloody Pond, near Lake George, New York ; the scene of Montcalm's massacre of the English HUMAN CRANIA. 25 garrison, A, D. 1757. ,F. A. 82°. I. C. 105. Jacob Morris, Esq., of Philadelphia. 4. 59. Anglo-Saxon head : skull of Pierce,* a convict and canni- bal, who was executed in New South Wales, A. D. 18—. F. A. 85°. I. C. 99. [A long and strictly oval head.] V. ANGLO-AMERICAN" RACE. {Case 1.) 1. 7. Anglo-American: female, setat. nearly 100 years. I. C. 83. [G-ermanic form.] 2. 24. Anglo-American : female with an open frontal suture. Fille-de-joie, setat. 26 years. F. A. 77^^. I. C. 82. [Interme- diate in form between the German and Swedish types.] 3. 88. Anglo-American : child. Dr. F. Turnpenny. 4. 98. Anglo-American ? Kemarkable for the fulness of the occipital region, and obliquity of the foramen magnum. [Germa- nic form.] 5. 552. x\nglo-American : man, aetat. 30. I. C. 97. This skull belonged to the collection of the late Dr. Doornik, and was pre- sented to me with other crania, by Dr. Jones, of New Orleans, * A letter addressed to me by Wm. Cobb Hurry, Esq., of Calcutta, contains the following particulars of this man's singular career : — " With regard to the cannibal Pierce, all that is known of him is, that he was a native of Scotland, or the north of Ireland, and a seaman. He was a convict in Van Diemeu's land, and escaped with others into the woods. Hunger com- jjelled them to prey upon each other, till only Pierce and another were left. A romantic tale might be made from Pierce's own narrative of the feelings with which these two men watched each other, till, overcome with fatigue, the last of the band fell a victim. Pierce was relieved by a party who fell in with him, and the cannibalism of which he was guilty being attributed to necessity, was not punished. From that time his propensities acquired their full development, and he succeeded repeatedly in persuading his fellow prisoners to escape with him, for the sole pui'pose of killing them and devouring their flesh. He used to return secretly to the depot, and persuade a fresh victim that he had been sent by others who were waiting in the woods. He was at last caught ; and being asked if he knew where one of his companions was, deliberately pulled an arm out of his jacket and showed it to the soldiers. Mr. Crockett, from whom I had this account, and who gave me the skull, is the Colonial Surgeon, and attended Pierce in the hospital both before and subsequently to his crimes. He stated to me his conviction that Pierce was insane, which, however, did not prevent him from being hanged." 26 CATALOGUE OP through B. F. French, Esq. [In form it resembles the Norwegian skull.] 6. 899. Anglo-American : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 91. 7. 1108. Anglo-American: man. I. C. 95. Dr. C. H, Came- ron. [Northern or Gothic form.] 8. 724. Conical skull of a white woman, setat. 40, of whose history nothing is known. 1839. I. C. 81. VI. CELTIC RACE. (^Case 1.) 1. 18. Celtic Irish : from the Abbey of Buttevant, county of Cork, Ireland. Woman, getat. 40. F. A. 80°. I. C. 78. See No. 52. [Form intermediate between the Cimbric and Swedish types.] 2. 21. Celt : supposed to be a British soldier, killed at the battle of Chippeway. ^tat. 40. I. C. 93. This skull is remarkable for the great size of the superciliary ridges ; that of the right side hav- ing a corresponding frontal sinus, that on the left being represented by solid bone upwards of half an inch in horizontal thickness. Dr. Mickle, 1831. [In this head the Gothic calvarial form is asso- ciated with a heavy, massive face.] 3. 42. Celtic Irishman, aged 21, imprisoned for larceny, and in all respects a vicious and refractory character. Died A. D. 1831. I. C. 97. [Approaches the square Germanic form.] 4. 52. Celtic Irish from the Abbey of Buttevant, County of Cork, Ireland. Woman, setat. 50. F. A. 80°. I. C. 82. Dr. Smith (Hist, of the County of Cork) says that these are the bones of the Irish slain at the battle of Knockinoss, A. D. 15 — . [The same form as the preceding.] 5. 985. Celtic Irish : man, setat. 60. F. A. 77° I. C. 93. [This head being rather broad between the parietal tubers, approxi- mates the Gothic type. The face resembles that of some of the Finns, but is smaller and less massive.] 6. 986. Anglo-Irish : girl, eetat. 12. 7. 1186. Irish cranium from Mayo county. [Belongs to the peculiar boat-ghaped Cimbric type.] 8. 1356. Cast of the skull of one of the ancient Celtic race of Ireland. Prof. Kctzius. [This head, the largest in the group, is very long, clumsy and massive in its general appearance. The forehead is low, broad, and ponder- ous ; the occiput heavy and very protuberant ; the basis cranii long, HUMAN CRANIA. 27 broad, and flat ; the orbits capacious ; and the distance from the root of the nose to the upper alveolus quite short. In its general form, it very much resembles the Cimbrie skull. No. 1362. The Cimbric type, however, is somewhat narrower in the frontal region, and widens more posteriorly towards the parietal protuberances.] 661. Celtic (? J skull, -j obtained from the Catacombs at Paris by 662. Celtic (?) skull, f ^^^ ^^^^ p^, ^^^^^^ Presented by Mr- 663. Celtic (?) skull, fjj^^,!^^, 664. Celtic (?) skull, J 13. 1564. Celtic (?) skull from the field of Waterloo. Presented by Mr. Harlan. [The very heavy skull from the field of Waterloo (No. 1564) is strictly and beautifully oval. Of the four heads from the Catacombs at Paris, three are decidedly brachy-cephalic, and one of the Germanic form.] 9. 10. 11. 12 VII. SCLAYONIC RACE. {Case 1.) 1. 1251. Sclavonian, from Olmutz, in Moravia : woman, setat. 30. SciiAVONIAN (1251). [This skull presents the following characters :-^General form of the head globular, though wanting in symmetry, in consequence of the posterior portion of the right parietal bone being more fully de- veloped than the corresponding portion of the left ; the calvaria quite large in proportion to the face, and broadest posteriorly be- tween the parietal protuberances; the forehead is high, and mode- rately broad ; the vertex presents a somewhat flattened appearance, in consequence of sloping downwards and backwards towards the occiput ; the occipital region is also flat, and the breadth between 28 CATALOGUE OF the mastoid processes very great. The face is small and delicate, the nasal bones prominent, the orbits of moderate size, the malar bones flat and delicately rounded, and the zygomatic processes small and slender. The lower jaw is rather small, rounded at the an- gles, and quite acuminated at the symphysis. If classified according to its form, this head would find its place near to, if not between, the Kalmuck and Turkish types.] 2. 1253. Cast of a Sclavonian head from Morlack, in Dalmatia. Nos. 1251 and 1253 from Prof. Eetzius. VIII. PELASGIC RACE. {Case 2.) 1. 1352. Ancient Phenician ? I received this highly interesting relic from M. F. Fresnel, the distin- guished French archasologist and traveller, with the following memo- randum, A. D. 1847 : — " Crane provenant des caves sepulchrales de Ben-Djemma, dans Tile de Malte. Ce crane parait avoir appartenu a uu individu de la race qui, dans les temps les plus anciens, occupaitla cote septentrionale de I'Afrique, et les iles adjacentes." Phenician (1352). [This cranium is the one "alluded to in the interestino- anecdote narrated by the late Dr. Patterson, in his graceful memoir as illustrating the wonderful power of discrimination, the tactusvisus acquired by Dr. Morton in his long and critical study of crani- ology.* From this circumstance, and from the many sino-ular and interesting associations inseparably connected with its antiquity, the introduction of the above figure cannot fail to be received with a ■•<^ See Types of Mankind, p. xl. HUMAN CRANIA. 29 lively sense of interest by those engaged in these studies. It is in many respects a peculiar skull. In a profile view, the eye quickly notices the remarkable length of the occipito-mental diameter. This feature gives to the whole head an elongated appearance, which is much heightened by the general narrowness of the calva- ria, the backward slope of the occipital region, and the strong prog- nathous tendency of the maxillae. The contour of the coronal region is a long oval, which recalls to mind the kumbe-kephalic form of Wilson. The moderately well-developed forehead is nota- ^ ble for its regularity. In its form and general characters the face is sui generis. It may not inaptly be compared to a double wedge, for the facial bones are not only inclined downwards and remarkably forward, thus tapering towards the chin, but also in consequence of the flatness of the malar bones and the inferior maxillary rami they appear laterally compressed, sloping gently, on both sides, from behind forwards, towards the median line. The lower jaw is large, and much thrown forwards. The slope of the superior max- illa forms an angle with the horizon of about 45°. Notwithstanding this inclination of the maxilla, the incisor teeth are so curved as to be nearly vertical. Hence the prognathism of the jaws is quite peculiar, differing, as it does, from that of the Eskimo and true African skulls presently to be noticed.] 1. 1049. Fragments of an ancient Roman? head, from a tomb on the road between Cumae and the ruins of Baise, near the latter place, A. D. 1841. Dr. M. Burrough. 1. 1354. Cast of the skull of a young Greek. Prof. Retzius. [The calvarial region is well developed ; the frontal expansive and prominent ; the facial line departs but slightly from the perpen- dicular, and the facial angle consequently approaches a right angle. A small and regularly-formed face, devoid of asperities, harmonizes well with the general intellectual character of the head proper. The malar bones are small, flat, and smooth, with just enough lateral prominence to give to the face an oval outline ; the alveolar mar- gins of the maxillae are regularly arched, and the teeth perpen- dicular.] Circassians. 1. 762. Saraska, or pure Circassian : man, setat. 30. F. A; 75°. I. C. 94. 2. 763. Circassian woman, setat. 50. F. A. 81''. I. C. 81. 30 CATALOGUE OP 3. 764. Circassian man, aetat. 40. F. A. 78°. I. C. 90. Circassian (764). [The calvaria of No. 764 is well developed and regularly arched, and in size considerably exceeds the face. The proportions between the vertical, transverse, and longitudinal diameters are such as to con- vey to the eye an impression of harmony and regularity of structure. The high and broad forehead forms with the parietal region a con- tinuous and symmetrical convexity. The occiput is full and pro- minent. The face is strongly marked ; the orbits moderate in size ; the nasal bones prominent ; the malar bones small and rounded ; the teeth vertical ; the maxillae of medium size, and the chin pro- minent. The fulness of the face, its oval contour, and general want of angularity, decidedly separate this head from the Mongo- lian type, as represented by the Kalmuck skull. No. 1553.] 4. 765, Circassian : woman, oetat. 18. F. A. 80°. I. C. 79. Armenians. 1. 789. Armenian : girl, aetat. 16. I. C. 86. 2. 790. Armenian child of twelve years. 3. 791. Armenian : man, aetat. 80. I. C. 83. 4. 792. Armenian girl of fourteen years ? 5. 793. Armenian : man, aetat. 75. I. C. 80. 6. 794. Armenian : man, aetat. 60. I. C. 80. Persians. 1. 731. Parsee, or Persian fire-worshipper, from the "Tower of Silence," Bombay, India : woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 75. 2. 743. Parsee, or Persian fire-worshipper, from the " Tower of Silence," near Bombay : woman, aetat. 50. I. C. 89. The 12 preceding skulls from Gr. R. Gliddon, Esq. HUMAN CRANIA. 31 3. 1333. Affghan boy, about 16 years of age, killed at Jugdalluk during tbe memorable massacre of the 44tli English regiment, A. D. 1845. [A general family resemblance pervades all these crania. They are all, with one exception, remarkable for the smallness of the face, and shortness of the head. In the Armenian skull, the forehead is narrow but well formed, the convexity expanding upwards and backwards towards the parietal protuberances, and laterally towards the temporal bones. The greatest transverse diameter is between the parietal bosses. This feature, combined with the flatness of the occiput, gives to the coronal region an outline somewhat re- sembling a triangle with all three angles truncated, and the base of the triangle looking posteriorly. In fact, the whole form of the calvaria is such as to impress the mind of the observer with a sense of squareness and angularity. The dimensions of the orbits are moderate; the malar bones small, flat, and retreating; the zygo- matic processes slender, and the general expression of the face re- sembling that of the Circassians, from which latter it difi"ers in being shorter. The Persian head is less angular, the frontal region broader, the occiput fuller, and the malar bones larger. The lower jaw is small and rather round. The Afi"ghan skull resembles, in several respects, the Hindoo type.] Gro£co-Egyptians. Nos. 798 to 804 are ancient Egyptians from the necropolis of Mem- phis, north-west of the Pyramid of Five-Steps, viz : — 1. 798. Pelasgic or Graeco-Egyptian form. F. A. 80°. I. C. 84. Crania JEgyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 6. Under "this name I embrace all those crania that conform to the highest Caucasian type. The Egyptian or Nilotic form includes the pure Egyptian race. The Negroid form expresses that mixture of the Egyptian and Negro in which the latter predominates. See Crania JEgyptiaca, passim. 2. 799. Pelasgic form: man, oetat. 35. F. A. 82°. I. C. 87. Cra- nia iEgyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 4. 3. 801. Pelasgic form : woman, setat. 25. 4. 804. Pelasgic form : girl, zetat. 12. Crania J3gyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 3. 5. 808. Pelasgic form. F. A. 77°. 1. C. 97. Crania ^gypti- aca, plate 2, fig. 1. 32 CATALOGUE OP Pelasgic (808). 6. 812. Pelasgic form : woman, astat. 20. F. A. 80°. I. C. 82. Crania ^Egyptiaca, plate 2, fig. 3. PELASGfIC (812). 7. 814. Pelasgic form : man, setat.90. I. C. 97. Crania ^gypti- aca, plate 2, fig. 5. 8. 815. Pelasgic form. F. A. 81°. I. C. 88. Crania JEgypti- aca, plate 2, fig. 2. Pelasgic (815). 9. 817. Pelasgic form. F. A. 80°. I. C. 89. Crania ^gypti- aca, plate 5, fig. 3. 10. 821. Pelasgic form. F. A. 79°. I. C. 74. Crania ^gypti- aca, plate 12, fig. 6. 11. 824. Infantile mummy. 12. 825. Pelasgic form. Memphite necropolis. F. A. 81°. I. C. 93. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 9. 13. 856. Pelasgic form. I. C. 87. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 9, HUMAN CRANIA. 33 The two following crania were found by Mr. Perring, Civil Engineer, in the gallery leading to the newly discovered chamber in the Pyramid of Five Steps, at Saccara. These are, perhaps, the most ancient human remains extant. Mr. Perring is of opinion that they date with the erection of the Pyramid, and are therefore in all pro- bability upwards of 4000 years old. See Vyse, Pyramids of Gizeh, vol iii. p. 44. 14. 837. Pelasgic form : man, setat. 50. F. A. 83^. I. C. 97. Crania jEgyptiaca, plate ], fig. 2. 15. 838. Pelasgic form : man, jetat. 40. F. A. 81°. I. C 90. Crania -3ilgyptiaca, plate 1, fig. 1. 16. 840. Pelasgic form : man. F. A. 79°. I. C 89. Skull ob- tained from a tumulus recently opened at the ancient quarries of Toora, (on the left bank of the Nile, seven miles above Cairo,) whence was taken the stone used in building the Pyramids of Gizeh, and other and much later structures in Egypt. The bodies were covered with coarse matting, and enclosed in sarcophagi, and are doubtless the remains of quarrymen. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 2, fig. 9. 17. 850. Pelasgic form : man, aetat. 70. I. C 86. Crania iEgypti- aca,plate 6, fig. 4. 18. 859. Pelasgic form : woman, setat. 80. Hair long and fine. I. C. 82. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 5. 19. 868. Pelasgic form : child. 20. 873. Pelasgic ? form : man of 80. I. C. 88. 21. 875i Pelasgic form : woman, setat. 70, with long, fine hair. I. C. 73. Crania jEgyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 9. 22. 884. Pelasgic form : woman, aetat. 30, with a profusion of long, silky hair. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 8. Pelasgic (884). 23. 893. Pelasgic form : man of 60. Thebes. F. A. 81°. I. C. 85. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 3. Nos. 798 to 893 from G. Ft. Gliddon, Esq. 3 34 CATALOGUE OF IX. SEMITIC RACE. (^Case 2.) Arahs. 1. 780. Baramka, or Barmecide Arab of Gemardash : man, setat. 80. F. A. 76°. I. C. 86. 2. 781. Baramka : man, setat. 40. F. A. 88°. I. C. 84. 3. 784. Bedouin of the Eastern Desert : man, setat. 60. I. C. 98. 4. 1296. Cranium of an embalmed body taken by Mr. Fresnel, A. D. 1839, from one of the hypogea called Maghair-Shudyh, or Grot- toes of Jethro, in Midian, east of the Gulf of Akaba, in Arabia Petrsea. M. Fresnel, through Mr. Gliddon. Nos. 780 to 1296 from G. R. Gliddon, Esq. [These four heads are characterised by a low, recedent forehead, a broad and flattened occipital region, and a comparatively short occipito-frontal diameter. They fall within the brachy-cephalic class, and have therefore been separated from the group of longer and more oval Fellah skulls. (See pages 43-4).] 5. 671, Os Frontis of a Midianite. Hebrews [?) 1. 1299. Cast in plaster of a bas-relief Semitic head brought by M. Botta from the ruins of Khorsabad. G. R. Gliddon, Esq. 1846. 2. 807. Semitic ? form : man, astat. 30. F. A. 74*. I. C. 88. Crania ^'Egyptiaca, plate 2, fig. 8. 3. 818. Semitic form. F. A. 77°. I. C. 69. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 5, fig. 4. 4. 842. Semitic form, Thebes : man, setat. 40, with smooth, brown hair. I. C. 85. Crania -^gyptiaca, plate 11, fig. 2. Semitic (842). 5. 845. Semitic ? form : man, with fine hair. I. C, 92. Thebes Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 12, figs. 1, 2. HUMAN CRANIA. 35 6. 865. Semitic form : man, eetat. 40. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 2. 7. 870. Semitic form : man, setat. 30, with fine hair cut close. I. C. 79. Crania JEgyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 8. 8. 879. Semitic form : man, setat. 50. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 8, fig- 2, Nos. 807 to 879 from G. R. Gliddon, Esq. 1. 1361. Cast of the skull of an Abyssinian woman. Prof. Retzius. X. BERBER RACE. (Case 2.) 1. 23. Guanche, from a cave in the island of Palma, one of the Canaries : man, cetat. 40. F. A. 77°. I. C. 85. Dr. J. C. Warren. XI. NILOTIC RACE. {Case 2.) Ancient Thehan Egyptians. 1. 48. Embalmed head of an Egyptian girl eight years of age, from the Theban catacombs. Egyptian form, with a single lock of long fine hair. Dissected by me before the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, December 10, 1833. 2. 60. Embalmed head of an Egyptian lady about 16 years of age, brought from the Catacombs of El Gourna, near Thebes, by the late Antonio Lebolo, of whose heirs I purchased it, together with the entire body : the latter I dissected before the Academy of Natural Sciences, on the 10th and 17th of December, 1833, in presence of eighty members and others. Egyptian form, with long, fine hair. Crania ^^gyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 6. Egyptian (843). 3. 843. Egyptian form : woman, setat. 30, with long, fine hair. C. 74. Thebes. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 4. 36 CATALOGUE OF 4. 844. Egyptian form: woman, aetat. 30, with long, fine hair. I. C. 68. Thebes. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 1. Egyptian (844.) 0. 846. Egyptian form : youth of 18. Hair dark and fine. I. C. 87. Thebes. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 11, fig. 1. Egyptian (846). The following crania, Nos. 847 to 861, inclusive, (nine in number,) are from the Catacombs of El Gourna, near Thebes. This valuable series was obligingly presented to me by M. Clot Bey, Chief of the Medical Staff of the Viceroy of Egypt. 6. 847. Egyptian form : woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 76°. I. C. 68. Crania iBgyptiaca, plate 7, fig. 5. 7. 848. Egyptian form : woman of 40. F. A. 80°. I. C. 82. Crania ^Egyptiaca, plate 7, fig. 4. 8. 849. Egyptian form : man, aetat. 25. I. C. 81. 9. 851. Egyptian form : woman, getat. 35. F. A. 80°. I. C. 79. Crania J^gyptiaca, plate 7, fig. 1. 10. 853. Egyptian form : man, aetat. 50. I. C. 95. Crania ^S^gypti- aca, page 17, 11. 854. Egyptian form : girl of 16. CraniaiEgyptiaca, plate7,fig. 6. 12. 855. Egyptian form : girl of 18, with very fine, longhair. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 9. 13. 860. Egyptian form : man, aetat. 50. F. A. 82°. I. C. SO. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 1. HUMAN CRANIA. 37 14. 861.- Egyptian form: man, astat. 50. F. A. 78o. I. C.96. Crania -iEgyptiaca, plate 7, fig. 2. (Cases 2-3.) The following fifteen heads, 862 to 889, inclusive, were obtained by Mr. Grliddon from the Theban Catacombs. 15. 862. Egyptian form : man, aetat. 60, with long, fine hair. I. C. 79. Crania JEgyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 3. 16. 866. Egyptian form: woman, aetat. 20, with long, fine hair. Crania j3i]gyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 5. 17. 867. Egyptian form : man of 50, with fine, dark hair. F. A. 78°. I. C. 86. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 8. 18. 871. Egyptian form : woman, aetat. 20. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 4. 19. 872. Egyptian form : woman, oetat. 50, with long, fine hair. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 2. 20. 876. Egyptian form : man, with fine hair. I. C. 83. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 9. Egyptian (87'7). 21. 877. Egyptian form : man, aetat. 40, with fine hair and a short beard. I. C 89. Crania j3i]gyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 5. Egyptian (8Y8). 22. 878. Egyptian form : man, aetat. 50, with long smooth hair. I. C 77. Crania j^gyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 1. 38 CATALOGUE OF 23. 880. Egyptian form : woman ? of 40, with short, fine hair. F. A. 80°. I. C. 85. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 7. 24. 881. Egyptian form : girl of 17. Resembles the Hindu type. F. A. 80°. I. C. 71. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 6. 25. 882. Egyptian form : juvenile female head, with long, fine hair. Crania ^Egyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 7. 26. 883. Egyptian form : man, setat. 40. F. A. Bl^. I. C. 82. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 6. 27. 28. 29. 886. Egyptian form: man, aetat. 50. I. C. 76. 30 ^1 887. Egyptian form: child of 12 years, with long, fine hair. 889. Egyptian form: man, aetat. 50. I. C. 83. Crania JEgyp- tiaca, plate 6, fig. 7. 894. Egyptian form : child of 9 years. Thebes. 1044. Embalmed head of a Theban lady of 30 years. Mr. Gliddon. This head, with its long oval cranium, receding forehead, gently aqua- line nose, retracted chin, and long, fine hair, may serve as a type of the pure Egyptian stock ; a people indigenous to the valley of the Nile ; Caucasian in physical lineaments and philological relations, and constituting one of the several primordial centres of that widely- extended race. See Crania ^gyptiaca, pages 17, 37; and Trans- actions of the Ethnological Society of New York, vol. ii. p. 219. Embalmed female head from the Catacombs of Thebes. No. 1044. 32. 1290. Ancient Egyptian, from a tomb at Thebes. Egyptian form, I. C. 82. HUMAN CRANIA. 39 33. 1293. Embalmed head from Thebes. Egyptian form: woman, aetat. 40, with long, fine hair. 34. 1295. Embalmed head of an infant at birth. From Thebes. Nos. 1290 to 1295, inclusive, were presented by A. 0. Harris, Esq., of Alexandria, in Egypt, A. D. 1846. Ancient MempMte Egyptians. (^Case 3.) 1. 796. Egyptian form. F. A. 75°. I. C 80. Crania JEgyptiaca, page 7. 2. 797. Egyptian form : woman, setat. 70. I.e. 76. Crania ^gyptiaca, page 7. Nos. 796 and 797 were exhumed from the front of the First or Northern Brick Pyramid of Dashour, Memphite necropo- lis, by Mr. Perring, Civil Engineer. See Vyse's Pyramids of Gizeh, vol. iii. page 60. (For No. 795 see Copts.) Nos. 805 to 816, ancient mummied Egyp- tians from various parts of the Necropo- lis of Memphis. From G. K. Gliddon, Esq. 805. Egyptian form o. 4. F. A. 83°. I. C. 79. F. A. 77°. I. 6. 7. 8. 9. man, setat. 50. Crania .^gyp- tiaca, plate 2, fig. 7. 806. Egyptian form. C. 83. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 2, fig. 4. 809. Egyptian form : woman. F. A. 78°. I.e. 81. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 2. 810. Egyptian form : woman, setat. 20. F. A. 780. I. C. 86. Crania ^gypti- aca, plate 2, fig. 6. 811. EGYPTiANform: woman, setat. 25. F. A. 76°. I. C. 73. Crania ^gypti- aca, plate 3, fig. 1. 813. Egyptian form: child, setat. 8. 816. Egyptian form. F.A. 78°. I. C.92. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 5. 40 CATALOGUE OP 10. 1223. Memphite head : Egyptian form. F. A. 82o. Found with' No. 1194, &c. (See next page.) 11. 1235. Ancient Egyptian: Egyptian form, with fine, silk-like hair. Memphite necropolis. I. C. 82. Dr. Charles Pickering. 12. 1291. Embalmed head from Memphis. Egyptian form : girl of 14. Presented by A. C. Harris, Esq., of Alexandria, in Egypt. 1846. 13. 1519. Egyptian, from the Necropolis of Memphis. 14. 1520. Egyptian, from the Necropolis of Memphis. 15. 1521. Egyptian. Memphis. 16. 1522. Egyptian. Memphis. 17. 1524. Egyptian. Memphite Necropolis. Woman, setat. 60. I. C. 87.* F. A. 79^^. This is the head of the mummy opened by Mr. Gliddon in Philadelphia, January, 1851, and by him presented to me. 18. 819. Egyptian form : man. F. A. 79*=^. I. C. 85. Crania ^gyp- tiaca, plate 5, fig. 1. 19. 820. Egyptian form : man, aetat. 40. F. A. 76^. I. C. 96. Crania j3i]gyptiaca, plate 5, fig. 2. Nos. 819 and 820 are from Arabat-el-Matfoon, the ancient Abydos. " Found with Nos. 817 and 818 in a pit containing scarabsei and ornaments bearing the name of Ramses III., (Sesostris,) and the prenomen of Thotmes IV., (Mceris,) whence it is conjectured that they may have belonged to a period between 1822 and 1474 years before Christ. — Vide Rosellini's Chronology." Gr. R. Gr. Alexandrian Egyptians. {Case 3.) 1. 1266. Embalmed head of the pure Egyptian form. I. C. 77. 2. 1267. Embalmed head of the Egyptian form. o. 1268. Ancient Egyptian. Egyptian form : man, aetat. 60. I.C. 78. The preceding three heads were found in a rock-tomb, with Greek legends, about four miles west of the city of Alexandria. This tomb was accidentally discovered in blasting rocks for a fortification, A. D. 1845, and probably belonged to the Ptolemaic era. The skulls were procured by Mr. Wm. A. Gliddon, and by him presented to me; A. D. 1848. Egyptians from Gizeh. {Case 3.) The following sixteen ancient Egyptian crania were obtained from the tombs opened by Prof Lepsius at the base of the great Pyramid of I. C. 93. A. 91 o . S2°. I. C .77. A. 80O . L C. 8 I. C. 79. I. c. 83. HUMAN CRANIA, 41 Gizeh, and presented to me by Mr. Wm. A. Grliddon, A. D. 1846. See Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia, November, 1845. 1. 1194. Egyptian form: woman, aetat. 16. F. A. 85o. L C. 83. 2. 1195. Egyptian form : man, stat. 50. F. A. 78*. I. C 88. 3. 1196. Egyptian form, »tat. 30, F. A. 82^^. I. C. 80. 4. 1197. Egyptian form, setat. 25. F. A. 78°. I. C. 77. 5. 1198. Egyptian form, ^tat. 45, F, A. 82°. 6. 1199. Egyptian form : child of ten years. F. 7. 1200. Egyptian form : man, aetat. 30. F. A. 8. 1201. Egyptian form : child of 6 years. 9. 1202. Egyptian form : woman, astat, 40. F. 10. 1203. Egyptian form, setat. 60. F. A. 80'^. 11. 1204. Egyptian form, cetat. 50. F. A. 79°. 12. 1205. Egyptian form, setat. 60. I. C. 91. 13. 1206. Egyptian form : woman, jetat. 25. F. A. 83°. 14. 1207. Egyptian form : woman, setat. 20. F. A. 86°. I. C. 76. 15. 1208. Egyptian form : woman, aetat. 30. I. C 86. 16. 1209. Egyptian form : man, setat. 60. F. A. 79°. I. C. 83. Kens or Ancient Nubians. (Case 3.) Nos. 826 to 829, " Kens, or ancient Nubians ? from the pits at De- bod, the ancient Parembole, 30 miles south of Philae. Some writers maintain that there are no mummies in Nubia. Here is proof to the contrary." Q. K. Q. 1. 826. Egyptian form. F. A. 77°. I. C. 74. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 13. '^- 827. Egyptian form : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 82. Crania ^gyp- tiaca, plate 12, fig. 9. 3. 828. Egyptian form : juvenile head. F. A. 90°. 4. 829. Egyptian form. F. A. 85°. I. C. 70. Crania ^gypti- aca, plate 12, fig. 8. Ombite Egyptians. Nos. 830 to 832, " Ancient Egyptians from the pits at Koum Ombos : probably inhabitants of the Ombite nome." Gr. R. G-. 1. 830. Egyptian form : woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 77. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 12, fig. 3. 2. 831. Egyptian form: woman; aetat. 30. I. C. 68. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 12, fig. 4. 42 CATALOGUE OP 3. 832. Egyptian form : woman, getat. 30. F. A. 81*. I. C. 68. Crania JEgyptiaca, plate 12, fig. 5. 3Iaabdeh Egyptians. Nos. 833 to 836 : " Ancient Egyptians from the Crocodile mummy- pits called Margaret-es- Samoun, behind the village of Maabdeh, and opposite to Manfaloot. I brought these from a measured dis- tance of 438 feet under ground horizontally, averaging twenty feet below the surface." Gr. K,. Gr. 1. 833. Egyptian form: man, setat. 35; long hair and a little beard. Crania -3i]gyptiaca, plate 4, fig. 1. 2. 834. Negroid form : woman, setat. 30 ; hair long and harsh. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 4, fig. 2. • 3. 836. Egyptian form : woman of 30 years, with long, curling hair. Crania J^gyptiaca, plate 4, fig. 4. 4. 1292. Embalmed Egyptian from Maabdeh. Egyptian form : woman, getat. 40, with long, fine hair. From A. C Harris, Esq. 1846. Miscellaneous. 1. 822. Egyptian form : child of 12 years. Exhumed by Mr. Gliddon from tumuli at the island of Beggeh, the ancient Senem, a sacred spot close to Philae in Nubia. Found with Nos. 821, 823 and 824. " These may have been pilgrims to the Temple, and, as such, of any nation or of any speech." G-. R. G. 2. 802. Egyptian or Nilotic form : woman, getat. 50. I. C. 81. Crania uEgyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 7. Gr. R. G. 3. 803. Egyptian form : man, setat. 50. F. A. 82'^. I. C. 92. Crania -lEgyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 8. G. R. G. 4. 1240. Mummied head from Egypt. Egyptian ? form, with long, fine hair. Dr. C. Pickering. 1845. 5. 1317. Head of an ancient Egyptian. Egyptian form : woman, setat. 50, from a tomb at the base of the Great Pyramid. Dr. Charles Huflfnagle. 1848. FellaTis. (Case 3.) 1. 499. Fellah, or Arab-Egyptian of Old Cairo : man, setat. 60. F. A. 80«. I. C. 94. The Fellalis, or Arab-Egyptian peasants, are the lineal descendants of the rural population of ancient Egypt. HUMAN CRANIA. 43 2. 782. Fellah of Old Cairo: woman, setat. 40. F. A. 82«*. I. C. 66. 3. 783. Fellah of Old Cairo : woman, aetat. 70. 4. 785. Fellah : woman, jetat. 20. F. A. 79^. I. C. 73. 5. 788. Fellah of Old Cairo: woman, getat. 30. F. A. 74*^. I. C. 74. 6. 999. Fellah of Egypt : girl of 16. F. A. 78«. I. C. 72. 7. 766. Fellah or Arab-Egyptian of tlie Owlad-el-belled, or bet- ter class, from Bab-el-Nasr, in Lower Egypt : woman, aetat. 70. I. C. 77. 8. 767. Fellah : man, setat. 70. F. A. 80». I. C. 85. 9. 768. Fellah : man, aetat. 70. I. C. 96. 10. 769. Fellah: woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 81. 11. 770. Fellah of the better class : man, aetat. 50. I. C. 83. 12. 771. Fellah of Lower Egypt : woman, setat. 70. F. A. 75*. L C. 78. 13. 772. Fellah of Lower Egypt: man, ^tat. 30. F. A. 73^. L C. 74. 14. 773. Fellah of Lower Egypt : woman, aetat. 20. F. A. 75*. L C. 76. Nos. 766 to 770, inclusive, were merely marked Arab, but tbey are all obviously Fellahs. Nos. 771 to 773, inclusive, I refer to the same people, though sent me as Jewish crania. 15. 774. Fellah : village-chief, or " Sheik-el-belled," from Shubra, setat. 80. I. C. 88. 16. 775. Fellah of Shubra : woman of 70. I. C. 75. 17. 776. Fellah of Shubra, in Lower Egypt : woman, aetat. 20. F. A. 79^^. L C. 74. 18. 778. Fellah of Mattorieh, (Heliopolis,) in Lower Egypt : woman, £etat. 30. F. A. 75°. I. C. 72. 19. 779. Fellah of Mattorieh : woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 80''. I. C 86. Nos. 499 to 779, from G. R. Gliddon, Esq. [Nos. 499, 774 and 766 to 770, inclusive, have been labelled by Dr. Morton '' Arab." But the osteological diflPerences between these " Arabs" and the " Fellahs" with which they are associated, ap- pear to me entirely too slight to warrant their separation. In the accompanying engravings, taken from Crania ^gyptiaca, it will be seen that the so-called Arab differ from the Fellah skulls main- ly in having a somewhat more recedent forehead. The former are 44 CATALOGUE OF probably the hybrid offspring of Fellah and Arabian parents, the Fellah element predominating. (See page 34.) XII. INDOSTANIC RACE. Ayras (?) (Case 4.) 1. 1329. Hindu fanatic from Juggernaut : woman, aetat. 25. I. C. 86. HUMAN CRANIA. 45 2. 1330. Sumboo-sing, a Hindu of the Brahmin caste, hans;ed at Calcutta for murder, December, 1840. Mta.t. 40. I. C 91. Hindu (1330). 3. 1331. Hindu fanatic from Juggernaut, A. D. 1839, a beautiful head : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 87. 4. 1332. Gunga-Govind, Hindu, eetat. 40. T. C. 86. 5. 1334. Sepoy, or Hindu soldier, with cicatrised fracture and de- pression of the right frontal, malar and superior maxillary bone?. ^tat. 40. L C. 86. 6. 1335. Hindu from the hospital of Calcutta, with syphilitic per- forating ulcers of the ci'aniura. Man, aetat. 60- I. C. 81. The preceding six skulls, Nos. 1329 to 1335, inclusive, were pro- cured in Calcutta by my friend Dr. Charles Huffnagle, and by him presented to me, A. D. 1847. 7. 712. Thugg of India, executed at Calcutta for murder : man, aetat. 30. F. A. 80°. I. C. 90. Presented by Dr. Martin, of Calcutta, through W. A. Foster, Esq. 713. Thugg, executed with the preceding, and presented by Dr. Martin, through W. A. Foster, Esq. Woman, setat. 30. F. A. 76^. I. C. 79. 8. Bengalees. (Case 4.) 4. Bengalee child of twelve years. 5. Bengalee child of six years. 6. Bengalee : man, aetat. 40. F. A. 81*^. I. C. 85. 8. Hindu of Bengal: woman, tetat. 30. I. C. 73. Nos. 4 to 8 were presented by Dr. Burrough. 5. 19. Bengalee child of 5 years. From Dr. Joseph Carson. 1. 2. 3. 4. 46 CATALOGUE OP 6. 20. Hindu of Bengal: man, setat. 40. I. C. 78. Dr. Bur- rough. 7. 25. Hindu of Bengal: woman, £etat. 25. I. C. 74. Wm. Cobb Hurry, Esq. 8. 28. Bengalee child of seven years. 9. 29. Bengalee child of five years. 10. 31. Hindu of Bengal : woman astat. 30. I. C. 67. 11. 32. Hindu of Bengal : girl of twelve years. Nos. 28 to 32 from Dr. Burrough. 12. 49. Hindu : man, setat. 70. I. C. 90. Dr. Joseph Carson. 18. 51. Hindu of Bengal : woman, setat. 30. F. A. 77". I. C 70. Dr. Joseph Carson. 14. 83. Hindu of Bengal : girl of 16. I. C.'67. Dr. James Mease. 15. 410. Hindu : man, setat. 50. I. C. 84. 16. 411. Hindu : man, setat. 40. I. C. 86. 17. 413. Hindu : man, setat. 30. F. A. 83°. I. C. 79. Nos. 410 to 413 from Henry Piddington, Esq., of Calcutta. 18. 432, Hindu of Bengal: man, aetat. 25. I. C. 86. 19. 442. Bengalee : woman, setat. 30. F. A. 79°. I. C. 69. 20. 443. Bengalee : woman, setat. 40. I. C. 84. 21. 444. Bengalee : man, setat. 70. I. C. 81. Nos. 443 and 444 from Dr. Joseph Carson. 22. 547. Hindu of Bengal : woman, setat. 30. I. C. 85. 23. 553. Hindu of Bengal : man, eetat. 30. I. C. 83. 24. 554. Hindu of Bengal : woman, setat. 40. I. C. 75. Nos. 553 and 554 from H. Piddington, Esq. 25. 948. Bengalee : man, setat. 40. I. C. 76-5. 26. 1309. Hindu : man, setat. 40. I. C. 84. 27. 1310. Hindu : woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 74. 28. 1311. Hindu : man, setat. 50. I. C. 78. 29. 1312. Hindu : woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 73. Nos. 1309 to 1312 from Dr. James Mease. 30. 1344. Hindu of Bengal : man, aetat. 30. I. C. 75. Brought from India with other crania, by Dr. Mead, and presented to me. on his behalf, by Dr. John Watson, of New York, 1847. 31. 1554. Hindu : found on the margin of the Ganges, by Dr. C. B. Matthews. Presented by Dr. B. H. Coates, March 2d, 1852. I. C. 32. 1047. Bengalee : woman, setat. 40. I. C. 67. From Dr. T. R. Calhoun. 33. 665. Hindu, deposited by Dr. Ruschenberger. HUMAN CRANIA. 47 04. 101. Hindu : young woman. 05. 111. Hindu (?) The three preceding skulls are of uncertain locality, XIII. INDO-CHINESE RACE. 1. 666. Skull of a Burmese soldier. 2. 667. Skull of a Burmese soldier. Both from the late Dr. Har- lan's collection. Presented by Mr. Harlan. 1. 5. <5. II. MONGOLIAN aHOUP. I. CHINESE RACE. {Case 4.) 3. Chinese : man, astat. 60. Born in the province of Canton, I. C. 89. Dr. J. K. Mitchell. This man and three accomplices were executed for murder. 56, Chinese : man/ astat. 60. I. C. 91. Dr. T. F. Betton, 1833. 94. Chinese : man, aetat. 50. I. C. 70. One of the seventeen pirates who attacked and took the French ship " Le Navigateur" in the China Sea. Dr. Ruschcnberger. C. 83. Dr. Door- man, Chinese (94). 426. Chinese of Canton : man, aetat. 40. uik. 427. Chinese, hanged for forgery at Batavia, in Java aetat. 30. F. A. 78°. I. C. 83.' Dr. Doornik. 550. Chinese of Canton : woman, ^tat. 40. I. C. 75. 1336. Chinese, hanged at Singapore for piracy, A. D. 1845. Man, aetat. 40. I. C. 98. The face in this instance conforms in every respect to the Mongolian type, but the cranium is one of the 48 CATALOGUE OF 10 11 most beautiful I have ever seen among any race or nation. Pro- cured in Calcutta by my friend Dr. Charles Huffnagle, and by him presented to me, A. D. 1847. 8. 1526. Chinese child, setat. From Cumsingmoom. J. Hop- kinson, M. D., U. S. N. 9. 1527. Cochin-Chinese from Turon Bay. Man, aetat. I. V. 91.5. J. Hopkinson, M. D., U. S. N. 669, Chinese. From Dr. B. McCarta, M. D. W. P. Johnson. I. C. 85. 670. Ningpo-Chinese, From Dr. McCarta. J. Carson. I. C. 84-5. Deposited by Mr. Presented by Dr. II. JAPANESE RACE. 668. Japanese. Presented by Dr. A. M. Lynch, U. S. N. I. C. 80. Japanese (668.) 1. 672. Cranium of a Loo Choo Islander. 2. 673. Cranium of a Loo Choo Islander. No3. 672 and 673 were presented by Dr. B. Vreeland, Passed Assist- ant Surgeon, U. S. N. (See page 52, note.) III. HYPERBOREAN RACE. {Case 4.) 1. 1355. Cast of the skull of a young Burat-Mongol. Professor Retzius. 1. 725. Cast of the skull of a Kamschatkan female. Dr. 0. b'. Fowler. [^It is long and flat, and presents quite a different proportion between the bi-temporal, longitudinal and vertical diameters from what we find in the heads of the true Hyperboreans. The low, flat, and HUMAN CKANIA. 49 smootti forehead is devoid of the keel-like formation perceptible in the Eskimo. The carinated ridge makes its appearance along the middle and posterior part of the inter-parietal suture. The widest transverse diameter is near the superior edge of the temporal bone ; from this point the diameter contracts both above and below. As in the Eskimo, the occiput is full and prominent, as is also the posterior surface of the parietal bones, which surface, in the Eski- mo, however, is flat. The forehead inclines upwards and back- wards to a prominence in the middle of the inter-parietal suture, from which point it is rounded off posteriory. The face forms a broad oval ; the orbits are large, deep, and have their transverse ax* at right angles with the median line of the face. The malar bones, though large, are neither so prominent nor high as in the Eskimo. They are laterally compressed, more rounded, and less flared out at their inferior margin in the Polar man. The anterior nares are flat and smooth, and the alveolar arch somewhat more prominent than in the typical Eskimo, as is shown by comparing them by the norma verticalis. Upon examining the basis cranii, we observe, at once, the globular fulness of tbe occipital region, and an alteration in the general configuration of the base, as com- pared with that of the true Arctic skull. The greatest breadth is not confined to the zygomatic region, for lines drawn from the most prominent point of the zygomae to the most prominent point of the mastoid process, on either side, are parallel to each other.] 1. 1553. Kalmuck. Presented by Charles Cramer, Esq., of St. Petersburg, Russia. F. A. 8P. I. C. 93-75. Kalmuck (1553). rin the accompanying figure, the reader will observe that the cra- 4 50 CATALOGUE OF nium is nearly globular, while the forehead is broad, flat, and less receding than in the Eskimo and Kamtskatkan. Without being ridged or keel-like, the median line of the cranium forms a regular arch, the most prominent point of which is at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures. Behind and above the meatus, the head swells out into a globe or sphere, instead of tapering away postero-laterally towards the median line, as in the Eskimo crania. This appearance is also well seen in the head figured by Blumen- bach.* He says of it, "habitus totius cranii quasi inflatus et tumidus." The eye at once detects the striking difi'erence between the facial angle of this cranium and that of the Eskimo figured on the next page. In the latter, the facial bones resemble a huge wedge lying in front of the head proper. This appearance, it is true, is somewhat dependent upon the obtuseness of the angle of the lower jaw, but mainly, as will be seen, upon the prominent chin and prognathous jaw. In the Kalmuck, the facial bones form a sort of oblong figure, and are by no means so prominent. The face is broad, flat, and square ; the superciliary ridges are massive and prominent ; the orbits are large, and directed somewhat outwards ; the ossa nasi are broad and rather flat, forming an obtuse angle with each other ; the malar bones are large, strong, protuber- ant, and roughly marked.] 1. 1248. Laplander : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 94. ' 2. 1250. Cast of the skull of a Lapland child two years of age. 3. 1257. Cast of the skull of a Lapland woman. 4. 1552. True Laplander. F. A. 83-5°. 1. C. 102. 5. 1551. Hybrid Laplander. F. A. 83°. I. C. 78.75. The preceding 5 skulls from Prof. Ketzius. 1. 1558. Eskimo skull. Presented to Dr. E. K. Kane by Surgeon Donnet of H. M. S. Assistance, North Baffin's Bay. Lat. 76o 30' N. L C. 98. F. A. 73°. [The following brief resum6 of the characteristics of an Eskimo cra- nium will serve as a commentary upon the accompanying flgures, which represent the front and lateral views of the head above men- tioned (No. 1558). The male Eskimo skull is large, long, narrow, pyramidal ; greatest breadth near the base ; sagittal suture promi- nent and keel-like, in consequence of the angular junction of the * Tab. XIV. of the Decades. HUMAN CRANIA. 51 parietal aad two halves of the frontal boaes ; proportion between length of head and height of face as 7 to 5 ; proportion between cranial and facial halves of the occipito-mental diameter as 4^ to 5 ; attachment for the temporal muscle large ; zygomatic fossae deep and capacious j mastoid processes thick and prominent j gle- Lateral view of Cranium. Front view of same. BsKtMO (1558). (^From Dr. Kands First Artie Voyage.) noid cavity capacious, and adapted to considerable lateral motion of the condyles ; forehead flat and receding ; occiput full and sa- lient ; face broad and lozenge-shaped, the greatest breadth being just below the orbits ; malar bones broad, high, and prominent, the external surface looking antero-laterally ; orbits large and straight ; zygomatic arches massive and widely separated ; length of the face one inch less than the breadth ; nasal bones flat, narrow, and united at an obtuse angle, sometimes lying in the same plane as the naso- maxillary processes ; superior maxilla massive and prognathous, its anterior surface flat and smooth, superior alveolar margin oval ; inferior margin of anterior nares flat, smooth, inclining forwards and downwards ; inferior maxilla large, long, and triangular ; semi- lunar notch quite shallow; angles of the jaw flared out, and chin prominent ; teeth large, and worn in such a manner as to present, in the upper jaw, an inclination from without inwards, upwards, and laterally, and in the lower jaw, just the reverse ; antero-pos- terior diameter of cuspids greater than the transverse ; configuration of the basis cranii triangular, with the base of the triangle forward between the zygomae, the truncated apex looking posteriorly ; breadth of base about one-half the length ; shape of foramen mag- 52 CATALOGUE OP num an irregular oval ; anterior margin of foramen magnum on a line with the posterior edge of the external meati. The female cranium differs from the male in being smaller, lighter, and presenting a smoother surface and more delicate structure. The malar bones are less massive, the face not quite so broad, and the anterior surface of the superior maxilla concave rather than flat.] 2. 1559. Eskimo. Taken by Dr. Kane, from the Eider duck resorts, near the " Three Islands of Baffin." Lat. 73° 50' N. I. C. 84.25 F. A. 3. 1550, Eskimo. Taken from a low island off Storoe. Lat. 72° 15' N. I. C. 80.5. F. A. 4. 1561. Eskimo from Storoe. I. C. 81. F. A. The above 4 crania were presented to the Academy by the late Dr. E. K. Kane, U. S. N., of the Glrinnell Arctic Expedition. 5. 1562. Eskimo skull obtained by Dr. E. K. Kane from an ancient grave or cairn, at the Eskimo village of Etah, north of Cape Alex- ander. Presented by Dr. J. K. Kane, Aug. 12, 1856. 6. 1563> Eskimo skull from the Danish settlement of Upernavick, Presented by Dr. S. W. Mitchell, Aug. 12, 1856. 7. 674, Eskimo skull. 8. 675. Eskimo skull. 9. 576. Eskimo skull. 10. 677. Eskimo skull. 11. 678, Eskimo skull. 12. 679. Eskimo skull. 13. 200. Eskimo skull. These crania were procured at God- havn. Disco Island, coast of Grreenland, by Dr. B. Vreeland, U. S. N., and by him kindly presented to the Academy."^ III. MALAY GROUP. I. MALAYAN RACE. [Case 5.) 1. 41. Tagelos Malay, native of the Island of Luzon (Luconia) in the Manilla Sea, Woman, setat. 30. I. C. 68. Dr. Burrough. * The above seven Eskimo crania, together with the two Loo Chooan skulls recorded on page 48 were opportunely received from Dr. Vreeland, while the sheets of this and the preceding 'i signatures" of the Catalogue were passing through the press, April *rth, 1837. It will be observed that the introduction of these nine heads in their appropriate places increases the total number of skulls in the Collection from 1035 to 1044, and causes the Catalogue to differ slightly from the tabular enumeration given on page 15, HUMAN CRANIA. 53 2. 495. Malay of Ceylon; Singalese : man, astat. 20. L C. 85. Dr. Ptuschenberger. 3. 1338. Malay of Amboyna; Saparoua: man, setat. 30. I. C. 73. 4. 459. Malay of Amboyna ; man, aetat. 30. I. C. 84. Dr. Ruschen- berger. 5. 430. Malay of Amboyna ; man, ajtat. 30. F. A. 73°. I. C. 92. 6. 460. Malay of Malacca : man, setat. 40. I. 0. 77. Dr. Kuschen- berger. 7. 546. Malay of Macassar : man, aetat. 50. I. C. 92. 8. 429. Malay of Macassar, in the Island of Celebes : man, aetat. 50. F. A. 820. I. C. 97. 9. 1340. Malayan of Macassar : man, astat. 40. I. C. 77. 10. 1341i Javanese Malay : man, setat. 35. I. C. 83. 11. 545. Javanese Malay : man, aetat. 40. I. C 81. 12. 46: Javanese Malay : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 93. Dr. Mead. 13. 428. Javanese of the District of Djogocarta : man, setat. 20. I. C. 88. 14. 47. Malay of tbe Island of Bally, coast of Java. F. A. 69°. I. C. 82. Dr. Mead. Malay (47). 15. 1337. Malayan, banged at Singapore for piracy, A. D. 1845. Man, setat. 40. I. C. 96. 16. 425. Malay of Borneo : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 91. 17. 1186. Malay of Borneo : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 89. Hanged at Batavia for piracy, A. D. 1826. From Dr. Jones, of New Orleans. 18. 1316. Malay child : Island of Gee Foo. H. Piddington, Esq. 19. 543. Malay : man, aetat. iO. I. C. 96. 20. 544. Malay : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 91. 21. 1339. Malayan of Madura : man, aetat. 30. I. C. 96. 22. 424. Malay of the Island of Madura, in the Indian Archipelago : man, aetat. 30. I. C. 80. 54 CATALOGUE OP 28. 201. Cast of the skull of a Madurese. Presented by Mr. Harlan. 24. 433. Malay of the Island of Sumbawa : man, ^tat. 30. I. C. 80. Nos. 1338, 1339, 1840 and 1341 were brought from India by Dr. Mead, and presented to me on his behalf, by Dr. John Watson, of New York, 1847. Nos. 424, 425, 428, 429, 480 and 433 are from Dr. Doornik. Nos. 543, 544, 545 and 54G, from Dr. Doornik's collection, were pre- sented by Dr. Jones of New Orleans, through B. F. French, Esq. Dyahs. 1. 1523. Skull of a Dyak woman, prepared as a trophy according to the usage of these people. Obtained in an assault upon a native village, on the river Barya, near Pontianck, in the S. W. region of Borneo. Brought from Sarawak, in that Island, A. D. 1850, by Mr. Wm. A. Gliddon, and by him presented to me. I. C. 81. ^tat. 25. 2. 1525, Kiong-Dyak, from the dead-house of those people, in the interior of Borneo : Woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 86. From J. Hop- kinson, M. D., U. S. N. II. POLYNESIAN RACE. Ka7iahas. [Case 5.) 1. 564. Kanaka, of Oahu : woman. I. C. 82. 2. 565. Kanaka, or Sandwich Islander of Oahu. I. C. 83. 3. 566. Kanaka, or Sandwich Islander of Oahu : man. These three skulls, Nos. 564, 565, 566, were presented to Dr. Rusch- enberger by a chief of the Sandwich Islands, Dr. R. having so- licited them for scientific purposes. Two of these skulls have the face-bones completely and somewhat skilfully separated from the head ; which, so far as I can learn, was a customary usage in the performance of human sacrifices : and these remains were probably disinterred from that part of the Moral devoted in former years to this class of persons. Capt. Cook's head, when restored to his friends after his murder at Owyhee, had been divided precisely in this way, although but a few days had elapsed. See Cook's Third Voyage, Volume 2, page 80. 4. 572. Kanaka of the Sandwich Islands : man, jetat. 40. F. A. 78°. I. C. 84. Dr. J. K. Townsend. [This head afi'ords a good idea of the general cranial type of Poly- HUMAN CRANIA. 55 nesia. It is elongated; the forehead recedent ; the face long and oval J the breadth between the orbits considerable ; the alveolar Kanaka (572). margin of the superior maxillary slightly prominent ; the lower jaw large and regularly rounded. The breadth and shortness of the base and the peculiar flatness of the sub-occipital region give to the whole head an elongated or drawn-out appearance.] 5. 695. Kanaka of Oahu : girl of 10 years. F. A. 82^'. Dr. J. K. Townsend. 6. 1300. Kanaka, ornative of the Sandwich Islands : man, astat. 40. I. C. 82. Lt. I. G. Strain, U. S. N. 1846. 7. 1308. Head of a Kanaka or Sandwich Islander : woman? aetat. 30. Dr. Gibbon. New-Zealanders, Marquesas, Sfc. 1. 680. New Zealand chief: tattooed. Dr. Samuel McClellan. 2. 1324, Head of a New Zealand chief, embalmed according to the custom of those Islanders. 3. 1325. Head of a New Zealander, prepared in the same manner as No. 1324. 4. 202, New Zealand head, tattooed. From the late Dr. Harlan's collection. Presented by Mr. Harlan. 1. 1531, Marquesas skull from the village of Whytahoo, Kesolu- tion Bay, in the Island of Christina, where it was obtained in 1841, by Lt. H. A. Steele, U. S. N., for Dr. L. P. Bush, and by the latter presented to me. F. A. 82°. I. C. 90.5. The Christina Islanders are cannibals. [This head exhibits a narrow, dolicho-cephalic form ; the frontal re- gion flat and narrow ; the posterior region broad and ponderous ; 56 CATALOGUE OF the face massive and roughly marked ; the superior maxilla more everted than in the Sandwich Islander ; altogether a low and brutal form.] IV. AMERICx\N aEOUP. I. BARBAROUS RACE. a. NORTH AMERICANS. (Case 5.) Arickarees. 1. 649, Indian of the Arickaree tribe of Upper Missouri : woman, ffitat. 40. F. A. IQ". I. C. 73. Dr. B. B. Brown. 2. 949. Arickaree Indian of the Upper Missouri: woman, setat. 20, with the frontal suture. I. C. 75. Mr. J. N. Nicollet. .3. 748. Arickaree Indian of Missouri : woman, setat. 50. I. C- 80. From Mr. J. N. Nicollet. Assindboins. 1. 659. AssiNABOiN Indian of Upper Missouri: man setat. 50. F. A. 79°. I. C. 101. Dr. B. B. Brown of St. Louis. 2. 1230. AssiNABOiN Indian of Missouri : woman, setat. 20. I. C. 85. 3. 1231. AssiNABOiN woman, setat. 18. I. C. 85. Nos. 1230 and 1231 from J. J. Audubon, Esq., A. D. 1845. Cherokees. 1. 632. Cherokee? woman, setat. 20. F. A. 77°. I. C 90. " From a cave at Springtown, north of the river Hiwassee, and near an ancient battle-ground. The form of the cranium and the develop- ments are strikingly characteristic of the mountain Cherokee of the present day." 2. 633. Cherokee? girl of 14. F. A. 76°. Found with the pre- ceding. 3. 634. Cherokee : woman, aetat. 20. F. A. 74°. I. C. 84. 4. 635. Cherokee child, eight years of age. Nos. 632 to 635, inclusive, from Dr. Martin, U. S. A. 5. 1285, Cherokee, from a mound in South Carolina. I. C. 96. Dr. Hardy, of Ashville, North Carolina. 6. 1297. Cherokee: man, aetat. 50. I. C. 84. From South Caro- lina. Dr. Hardy. HUMAN CRANIA. 57 CJietimaches. 1. 43i Chetimache Indian of Louisiana : man, setat. 40. F. A, 770. I. C. 84. See No. 70. Dr. Le Beau. 2. 70i Chetimache Indian of Louisiana: woman, aetat. 50. F. A. 71°. I. C. 75. Dr. J. Le Beau. See Crania Americana, plate 19 and page 163. CMnooks. 1. 457. Chinook Indian of Oregon : woman, aetat. 60. F. A. 73*^, I. C. 82. Natural form. Dr. John K. Mitchell. 2. 462. Skull of a Chinook chief of Oregon, greatly flattened by art : aetat. 60. F. A. 72^^. I. C. 72. From Dr. J. K. Townsend, who also brought me the cradle and other apparatus by means of which this singular distortion is produced. See Crania Americana^ page 208 and plate 43. 3. 578. Chinook slave of Oregon : head of the natural form. Woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 76°. I. C. 75. Dr. Townsend. Crania Americana, plate 42 and page 207. 4. 641, Indian child of the Chinook tribe, about four years old : much flattened by art. Dr. J. K. Townsend. 5. 721. Skull of a Chinook Indian, flattened by art : man, aetat. 50. Columbia River. L C. 88. W. Slakum, Esq., U. S. N. 6. 1349. Skull of a Chinook child six years old, flattened by art. From Port Discovery, Straits of Fuca. Dr. Wm. Maxwell Wood, U. S. N. 1847. 7. 1350. Entire desiccated body of a Chinook infant, aged about two years. The head is greatly flattened by artificial processes. From Dr. Wm. Maxwell Wood, U. S. N. 1847. S. 203. Chinook skull from Clatsop. Presented by Dr. J. H. B* McClellan, May 5th, 1856. (^Case 6.) Cliippeioays. 1. 683. Chippeway warrior of Upper Canada, aetat. 50. F. A. 84°. I. C. 97. H. R. Schoolcraft, Esq. Crania Americana, plate 28 and page 177. 2. 684. Chippeway Indian : man, aetat. 30. F. A. 73°. L C. 85. Prof. Eaton. Cotonays. 1. 744. Cotonay or Black-foot Indian, of the Rocky mountains : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 94. From Mr. J. N. Nicollet. 2. 745. Cotonay or Black-foot : woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 75. 58 CATALOGUE OP 3. 1227. CoTONAT (Black-foot) chief, named the "Bloody Hand," setat. 50. I. C 88. F. A. 75°. Upper Missouri. From J. J. Audu- bon, Esq. A. D. 1845. COTONAY (1227). Creehs. 1. 441. Creek warrior of Alabama. F. A. 74o. I. C. 91. Dr. J. Pancoast. 2. 579. Athla-ficksa : a Muskogee or Creek chief, aetat. 50. F. A. 72°. I. C. 97. Dr. H. S. Rennolds, U. S. N. Crania Americana, plate 26 and page 170. 3. 751. Creek woman of Georgia, aetat. 80. I. C.81. Dr. Joseph Walker. 4. 1454. Creek Indian of Western Arkansas : woman, aetat. 70. I. C. 86. Dr. S. W. Woodhouse, 1850. Dacotas. 1, 605. Dacota or Sioux Indian of Wisconsin : man, aetat. 20. Dacota or Sioux (605). F. A. 77°. I. C. 90. Dr. Poole. Crania Americana, plate 39 and page 198. HUMAN CRANIA. 59 2. 112t Dacota or Sioux Indian. 3. 204. Dacota or Sioux Indian. From Dr. T. Gr. Morton. Murons. 1. 1 5. Huron chief, aetat. 60, killed near Detroit in a rencontre with another Indian. F. A. 73°. I. C 75. See Crania Americana, plate 37. 2. 607. Huron? Indian, from Cleveland, Ohio : woman, eetat. 40. F. A. 760. I. C. 82. Dr. Mendenhall. 3. 1217. Indian of the Huron? tribe. I. C. 86. 4. 1218. Huron Indian : woman, getat. 40. I, C. 83. These two skulls were taken from a mound near Detroit, by Lt. Meigs, U. S. A., A. D. 1844. Illinois. 1. 1010. iLiiiNOis Indian. 2. 1042, Illinois Indian. Iroquois. 1. 16. Iroquois? Exhumed with many others near Lake Erie, about 20 miles east of Niagara, A. D. 1824. F. A. 14P. I. C. 103. Mr. Thomas Fisher. 2. 119. Iroquois Indian. 3. 989. Indian warrior: Iroquois? aetat. 80. I. C. 89. Dr. W. B. Casey. Lenajpes, or Delawares, 1. 40. Lenape or Delaware Indian : woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 76". I. C 82. Dr. Z. Pitcher. See Crania Americana, plate 32 and page 189. 2. 115. Lenape or Delaware Indian. 3. 118. Lenape or Delaware Indian. 4. 418, Manta Indian ? A tribe of the Lenap6 or Delaware nation. F. A. 79". I. C 75. Found in excavating near the bank of the Delaware River in New Jersey, about four miles above Burlington. The body, with several others, was buried in the sifting posture. Dr. Edward Swain. 5. 1263. Cranium of a Lenape or Delaware Indian : man, getat. 30. I. C. 80, Dug from an aboriginal cemetery at Richmond, on the Delaware River, about four miles north of Philadelphia, A. D. ]'847. The atlas vertebra is anchylosed with the occipital bone. Mr. Isaac Morris. GO CATALOGUE OP 6. 1264, Lenape or Delaware Indian : woman, getat, 50. I. C. 81. One of those massacred by the whites at the settlement on White . River, Indiana. Dr. E. Fussell. 7. 1265. Lenape or Delaware Indian. 8. 205. Delaware Indian : fragmentary. 9. 206. Delaware Indian : fragmentary. Nos. 205 and 206 were dug up from a street in Philadelphia. Presented by Dr. Geo. P. Oliver^ November, 1852. 10. 568. MiNsi (?) Lenape. Mandans. 1. 643. Indian'of the Mandan tribe : woman, setat. 16. F. A. 77*-. L C. 86. Dr. B. B. Brown. 2. 644. Mandan Indian of Missouri : woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 7iP. I. G. 79. Dr. B. B. Brown. 3. 738i Mandan Indian of the Upper Missouri : woman, aetat. 30. L C. 77. 4. 739. Mandan Indian of the Upper Missouri : woman, aetat. 30. L C. 81. 5. 740. Mandan Indian of the Upper Missouri : man, aetat. 40; L C. 91. 6. 741. Mandan Indian of the Upper Missouri : man, aetat. 50. L C. 85. 7. 742. Mandan Indian of the Upper Missouri : man, aetat. 50. L C. 86. Nos. 738 to 742, inclusive, from J. N. Nicollet, Esq. Me7iomi7iees. 1. 35. Menominee Indian of Michigan : woman, aetat. 30, F. A. 720. I. C. 74. J. A. Lapham, Esq. 2. 44. Menominee Indian of Michigan: woman, setat. 50. F. A. 75*^. I. C. 77. J. A. Lapham, Esq., of Milwaukee. 3. 78. Indian of the Menominee tribe of Michigan : man, aetat. 40. F. A. 78°. L C. 88. J. A. Lapham, Esq. 4. 454. Menominee Indian of Michigan. F. A. 79®. I. C. 88. Dr. Saterlee, U. S. A. Crania Americana, plate 29 and page 179. 5. 563. Menominee Indian : woman, setat. 40. F. A. 76°. I. C. 87. J. A. Lapham, Esq. 6. 1220. Menominee Indian of Michigan. I. C. 88, Mr. Lapham. 7. 1222. Natonake, a Menominee chief, aetat. 40. I. C. 86. Mr. J. P. Wetherill. HUBIAN CRANIA. 61 Miamis. 1. 106. Miami Indian. 2. 407. Miami Indian of Indiana. F. A. 75o. I. C. 87. Dr. Tuley. 3. 541. Miami Indian. 4. 542. Miami Chief, setat. 45. F. A. 75^. I. C. 95. Dr. J. W. Davies, Indiana. Crania Americana, plate 30 and page 182. 5. 1052. Miami Indian. 6. 1053. Miami Indian. 7. 1054. Miami Indian. F. A. 79^. 8. 1056. Miami Indian. 9. 1055. Miami : woman, ^tat. 40. F. A. 79°. I. C. 81. 10. 1057. Miami : woman, setat. 30. F. A. 77^^. I. C. 84. 11. 1058. Miami : cliild twelve years old. The preceding three Miami skulls were obtained near Pendleton, Indiana, by Dr. Edwin Fussell. 12. 1233. Miami Indian : woman, getat. 40. I. C. 84. Kev. W. F. Ferguson. 1845. Minetaris. 1. 650. Indian of the Minetari tribe of Missouri : woman, setat. 40, F. A. 74^. I. C. 87. -2. 746. Minetari or Gros- ventre of Missouri : woman, setat. 80. I. C. 82. 3. 747. Minetari or Gros-ventre Indian of Missouri : woman, setat. 40. I. C. 83. 4. 749. Minetari or Gros-ventre of Missouri : man, setat. 40. I. C. 94. Nos. 746 to 749, inclusive, from Mr. J. N. Nicollet. Mohawks. 1. 895. Mohawk Indian : man, setat. 50. Exhumed near Manheimj New York. I. C. 89. 2. 896. Mohawk Indian : woman, getat. 80. Obtained witb the preceding. I. C. 83. 3. 897. Mohawk Indian : girl of 16. Found witb the preceding, I. C. 81. Nos. 895 to 897, inclusive, from L. Vanuxem and J. Beardsley, Esqs. {Case 7.) Narragansets. 1. 693. Narraganset Indian, from an old cemetery of that tribe on the western shore of Tiverton, in Ebode Island. Man, aetat. 30, I. C. 85. Dr. Thomas C. Dunn. 62 CATALOGUE OF F. A. 82''. Series of eight skulls, 950 to 957, of the Narraganset tribe of Indians, of Ehode Island : from Dr. Usher Parsons, of Providence, K. I. 1840. 2. 950. Narraganset : woman, aetat. 70. 3. 951. Narraganset: man, aetat. 40. F. A. 72*. .4. 952. Narraganset : woman, aetat. 80. I. C. 84. 5. 953. Narraganset : woman, aetat. 40. 6. 954. Narraganset : woman, atat. 30. 7. 955. Narraganset : man, aetat. 60. 8. 956. Narraganset : man, aetat. 70. 9. 957. Narraganset : man, aetat. 25. I. C. 85. C. 80. I. C. 77. F. A. 72^^ I. C. 77. F. A. 75«. I. C. 78. F. A. 74*. I. C. 90. F- A. 73^. I. C. 82 10. 1040. Narraganset Indian : woman, aetat. 70, with a singularly elongated head. I. C. 72. , Natchez. 1. 102. Natchez Indian. Cast. 2. 1106. Natchez Indian, moulded by art into a flattened cone. Mr. J. Tooley, Jr., of Natchez, 1840. See American Journal of Science, for July, 1846. For further information on this mode of moulding the head among the Natchez tribes, see Garulaso de la Vega, Hist, de la Florida, Lib. IV. cap. 13 ; and Crania Americana^ page 160. Natchez (1106). NaticTcs. 1. 103. Natick Indian of Nantucket. 2. 104. Natick Indian of Nantucket. 3. 107, Natick Indian of Nantucket. HUMAN CRANIA. 63 4. 5. 2. 3. 110, Natick Indian of Nantucket. 401. Natick Indian of Nantucket. Dr. Paul Swift. Oregon Tribes. 461, Skull of a Clickitat Indian of Oregon, much flattened by art. Man, jetat. 50. F. A. TO''. I. C. 84. Dr. J. K. Townsend. Crania Americana, plate 48 and page 214. 207. Clickitat Indian from Dewamish or White river (Lat. 47° 30' N.). Presented by Dr. J. H. B. McClellan, who received it from Mr. George Gibbs, of Steilacoom, Washington Territory. 573. Indian of the Kowalitsk tribe of Oregon : artificially com- KOWALITSK (573). pressed. Man, ^tat. 40. F. A. 66^. I. C. 79. Dr. J. K. Town- Crania Americana, plates 49 and 50, and page 215. send. Kowalitsk (573). 574, Indian of the Calapooyah tribe of Oregon : artificially compressed. Man, setat. 50. F. A. 68^. I. C 91. Dr. J, K. Townsend. Crania Americana, plate 47 and page 212, 64 CATALOGUE OP Calapootah (574). 575. Clatsap Indian of Oregon : artificially compressed, setat. 50. F. A. 70°. I. C. 82. Dr. J. K. Townsend. Americana, plate 46 and page 211. Man, Crania Clatsap (B7B). 6. 576, KiLLEMOOK cMef. 7. 577. Indian of the Klatstoni tribe of Oregon : artificially com- pressed. Man, setat. 50. F. A. 70°. I. C. 75. Dr. J. K. Town- send. Crania Americana, plate 44 and page 210. S. 208. NiSQUALtY Indian of the Selish or Flathead family. From Washington Territory. Presented by Dr. J. H. B. McClellan, May 5th, 1856. Osages. 1. 54. Osage warrior of Arkansas, setat. 30. F. A. 77°. I. C. 81. Dr. Z. Pitcher. See Crania Americana, plate 41 and page 199. 2. 660. Osage Indian of Upper Missouri : woman, getat, 30. F. A. 80<^. I. C. 84. Dr. B. B. Browu. HUMAN CRANIA. 65 Otoes. 1. 755, Otoe warrior of the Upper Missouri, aetat. 50. I. C. 80. 2. 756. Otoe warrior of the Upper Missouri, setat. 60. I. C. 94. 3. 757. Otoe warrior of the Upper Missouri, aetat. 50. I. C. 83. 4. 758. Otoe child, eight months old, Nos. 755 to 758, inclusive, from Dr. J. Walker, U. S. A. Ottawas. 1. 1006. Ottawa chief of Michigan, setat. 50. I. C 85. 2. 1007. Ottawa warrior, setat. 75. I. C 89. 3. 1008. Ottawa woman, stat. 60. I. C. 76. 4. 1009. Ottawa boy, atat. 14. I. C. 77. The four preceding skulls were obtained in Michigan by Dr. George C. Leib, A. D. 1842. Ottigamies. 1. 415. Indian of the Ottigamie tribe, a half-breed, killed in a quarrel at Quincy, Illinois, A. D. 1830. F. A. 76®. Dr. S. P. Hildreth. 2. 639. Ottigamie or Fox Indian of Wisconsin : man, getat. 50. F. A. 82®. I. C. 92. Dr. B. B. Brown. Crania Americana, plate 31 and page 184. 3. 694. Ottigamie or Fox Indian of Illinois : man, setat. 80. I. C. 95. Dr. P. Gregg. 4. 209. Ottigamie Indian. Pawnees. 1. 540. Pawnee Indian of the Platte River: woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 75®. I. C. 75. See Crania Americana, plate 38, 2. 1043. Pawnee Indian : woman, »tat. 30. F. A. 78®. I. C. 74. Dr. Brown, Pendbscots. -1. 105. Penobscot Indian. 2. 89. Indian of the Gepepscot tribe, from Maine : man, aetat. 50. F. A. 76°. I. C. 80. Prof. Cleveland. Potawatomies. 1. 657. PoTAWATOMiE Indian of Michigan : man, aetat. 50. F. A- 80®. I. C. 101. Dr. Walker, U. S. A. Crania Americana, plate 34 and page 186. 2. 736. PoTAWATOMiE Indian. 3. 737. POTAWATOMIE of Michigan : man, aetat. 70. I. C 93. Col. J. J. Abert. 4. 1322. Young POTAWATOMIE warrior, who killed the Miami chief 5 66 CATALOGUE OP Majinnik, on tlie Wabash Eiver, A. J). 1841, for which he was himself slain by the Miamis : aetat. 20. I. C. 79. Dr. Edwin Fussell. Sauks. 1. 561. Sauk Indian : woman, getat. 40. I. C. 98, H. Cole, Esq. 2. 1039. Sauk Indian. F. A. 80°. 1.0.83.5. Dr. B. B. Brown, of St. Louis. 3. 1246. Sac (?) Indian : man, aetat. 60. I. C. 88. From a ceme- tery of the Sac and Fox tribes. Dr. Kite, 1845. Seminoles. 1. 456. Seminole Indian of Florida. F. A. 81^. I. C. 93. H. B. Groom, Esq. Crania Americana; plate 54 and page 169. Lateral view. Seminole (604). Coronal view. Posterior view. 2. 604. Seminole warrior of Florida, setat. 50. F. A. 72°. I. C. 96. Dr. G. Emerson. Crania Americana, plate 22 and page 166. HUMAN CRANIA. 67 0. 698. SexMinole warrior of Florida : man, setat. 40. F. A. 7o°. I. C. 88. Col. J. J. Abert. 4. 707. Seminole Indian : man, setat. 30. F. A. 78^. I. C. 93. Dr. E. H. Abadie, U. S. A. Crania Americana, plate 23 and page 168. 5. 708. Seminole warrior of Florida : woman, setat. 30. F. A. 73°. I. C. 91. Dr. B. H. Abadie. 6. 726. Seminole woman of rank, setat. 40. Florida. I. C. 79. 7. 727. Seminole boy of six years. 8. 728. Seminole boy of Florida, getat. 4. 9. 729. Seminole girl of tbe Fuke-luste-Hadjo tribe. I. C. 70. 10. 730. Seminole warrior, setat. 40, killed at the battle of Okee- Cbobee, in Florida, December 25, 1837. I. C. 79. Nos. 726 to 730, inclusive, from Dr. E. H. Abadie, U. S. Army. 11. 732. Seminole warrior, setat. 40, killed at the battle of Okee- Chobee, in Florida, December 25, 1837. I. C. 90. Dr. Abadie, U. S. A. 12. 733. Micco-SuKiE tribe of the Seminole nation : woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 73. Fort Bassinger, Florida. Dr. Abadie, U. S. Army. 13. 754. Seminole warrior of Florida, setat. 40. I. C. 89. From Dr. J. Walker, U. S. A. 14. 1105. Seminole: man, setat. 40. F. A. 75°. I. C. 82. Dr. F. M. Robinson, Augusta, Georgia. 15. 1286. Seminole Indian of Florida: woman, getat. 40. I. C 72. James Couper, M. D. 1848. 16. 1556. Seminole Indian. Presented by Dr. C. D. Meigs, May, 1852. JShawnees. 1. 440. Shawnee skull ? Man, setat. 50. I. C. 88. Dr. S. P. Hildreth, Marietta. 2. 606. Shawnee ? woman, of Ohio, setat. 30. I. C. 70. Dr. Hildreth. 3. 691. Shawnee? Indian of Ohio: a remarkably inequilateral skull. I. C. 87. Mr. Russell Smith. 4. 1210. Shawnee? Indian of Ohio: man, setat. . I. C 104. Mr. M. S. Weaver. Shoshones. 1. 1446. Indian of the Trucky ? tribe, of the Shoshone nation : man, astat. 40. I. C. 85. Obtained on the Trucky River, in the Cali- fornia mountains, by Capt. Fremont, A. D. 1845. 2. 1447. Shoshone or Root-digger nation, from the mountains of Salmon trout River. Woman, satat. 40. I. C. 75. Capt. Fremont. 68 CATALOGUE OP o O. 1448. From the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada, and does not pertain to any tribe of the Shoshones : man, aetat. 60. I. C. 91. Capt. Fremont. 4. 1449. Shoshone woman, setat. 40. I. C. 72. Capt. Fremont, through Mr. Edward M. Kern. Upsarookas. 1. 1228. Upsarooka or Crow Indian : man, aetat. 40. Upper Mis- souri. I. C. 93. 2. 1229. Upsarooka of the Upper Missouri: man, setat. 40. I. C. 95. Nos. 1228 and 1229 from J. J. Audubon, Esq., A.D. 1845. Winnebagos. 1. 559. Winnebago warrior. F. A. 79^. I. C. 92. Dr. P. Gregg. 2. 560. Winnebago warrior. F. A. 79*. I. C. 86. Dr. P. Gregg. Yamassees. 1. 1214. Yamassee ? Indian, of Florida : man, setat. 50, 2. 1215. Yamassee? Indian, of Florida: man, getat. 60. 3. 1216. Yamassee? Indian, of Florida: man, setat. 60. I. C. 70. The three preceding skulls were obtained from a mound near Tampa, in Florida, by Dr. R. S. Holmes, U. S. A., A. D. 1844. Thej appear to have lain in the earth upwards of a century. Two of them are perforated by musket balls, and of course date subsequent to European discovery. Californians. 1. 1514. California Indian, from a mound near Sacramento City. Man, »tat. 30. I. C. 87. F. A. 79° .Obtained by Mr. F. 0. El- dredge, and presented by Dr. J. H. B. McClellan, A. D. 1850. 2. 1565. Indian cranium : fragment of an upper jaw, with teeth and several other fragments of human bones, thickly encrusted with carbonate of lime. From a cave in Vallecita, Calaveras Co., Cali- fornia. In this cave upwards of 300 human crania were found embedded in limestone. Presented by Mr. Charles Ellet, Jr., through Dr. C. D. Meigs, May, 1854. Miscellaneous. {Case 8.) 1. 416. Indian skull from a mound on the Upper Mississippi. F. A. 79°. I. C. 84. Dr. S. P. Hildreth. Crania Americana, plate 52 and page 220. 2. 1236. Indian cranium, exhumed near Fort Chartres, Illinois, by Dr. Wislizenus. See American Journal of Science and Arts for May, 1846. HUMAN CRANIA. 69 c{- 1237. Another Indian cranium from the same place, and from the same gentleman: woman, getat. 68. I. C. 81. 4. 1315. Skull of an aboriginal American, found in a cave at Gol- conda, Illinois : woman, setat. 40. I. C. 81. Dr. R. Harlan. 5. 1510. Indian skull : man, aetat. 50, I. C. 89. Taken from an ancient mound in Illinois by Dr. Lippincott, of Chandlerville, in that State, and presented to me through Dr. R. S. Holmes. 1849. 6. 1511. Indian cranium, found with the preceding, and also pre- sented by Dr. Lippincott. Man, setat. 70. I. C. 80. 7. 420. Indian from the Cave at Steubenville, Ohio : man, aetat. 40. F. A. 80. I. C. 92. Dr. Robert M. S. Jackson. See No. 436, &c. 8. 436. Skull from the Indian Cave-cemetery at Steubenville, Ohio : man, cetat. 60. F. A. 77°. I. C 92. Dr. McDowell. 9. 437. Indian from the Cave at Steubenville, Ohio: man, aetat. 60. F. A. 79°. I. G. 91. Dr. J. Andrews, of Steubenville. Crania Americana, plate 36 and page 235. 10. 438. Indian from the Cave at Steubenville, Ohio: man, aetat. 50. F. A. 80=^. I. C. 85. Dr. J. Andrews. 11. 439i Indian from the Cave at Steubenville, Ohio : woman, setat. 70. F. A. 78°. I. C. 78. Dr. J. Andrews. 12. 210. Indian from the Cave at Steubenville, Ohio. 13. 658. Aboriginal American, from the Cave near Steubenville, Ohio. F. A. 79°. Dr. S. P. Hildreth. 14. 723. Aboriginal American, from the Cave near Steubenville, Ohio : woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 74. Dr. Hildreth. 15. 53. Indian from a mound at Circleville, Ohio. F. A. 76°. I. C 90. Dr. S. P. Hildreth. See Crania Americana, plate 51 and page 219. 16. 1287. Indian skull from a mound at Chilicothe, Ohio. I. C. 90. Dr. E. H. Davis and Mr. Squier. 1846. 17. 1288. Indian cranium. Found with the preceding. Man of 60. I. C. 86. Dr. E. H. Davis and Mr. E. G. Squier. 1846. 18. 736, Infant Indian skull from a mound in Wisconsin. Mr. J. J. Libhart, of Columbia, Pennsylvania. 19. 992. From a mound in Tennessee, at the junction of French, Broad and Holston rivers. I. C. 90. Dr. Gr. Troost. Crania Americana, plate 55. 20. 1270. Indian cranium, thrown out in making the fortifications at Detroit, A. D. 1844. Woman, setat. 40. From Lt. Meigs, U. S. Army. 70 CATALOGUE OF 21. 1271. Skull of an Indian obtained from a mound about three miles from the mouth of Huron river, Ohio, by Mr. Charles W. Atwater : man, setat. 60. See American Journal of Science, for July, 1846. 22. 1272. Skull of a woman, setat. 50. Found with the preceding. 23. 1455. Skull flattened by art : man, getat. 50. I. C. 70. Taken from a mound in Florida. From Dr. Isaac Hulse, U. S. N., from whom I also received the following memorandum, A. D. 1849 : — " This skull was exhumed from a mound, the apex of which is about thirty feet above the ground in its vicinity. The locality is Bald- win county, Alabama, near Bear Point, on the west side of the Bay of Perdido, and about two or three miles north of the shore of the Gulf of Mexico. Near the apex of the mound there stood a live oak tree, supposed to be more than 100 years old. Near the foot of this live oak the party made their excavations, and a few feet be- low the surface they found the skull which I have had the happi- ness to place among your collection. The skull was covered with a hollow demi-sphere of pottery, composed of clay and shell, well burned. Upon the convex surface were sketched two whales, rather rudely, but sufficiently well to be recognizable." 24. 1512. Aboriginal American ; a very remarkable head, found by Dr. Davis and Mr. Squier in a mound in the Scioto Valley, Ohio, and described and figured by them in their " Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley," PI. XLVII. and XLVIII. This is, per- haps, the most admirably-formed head of the American race hitherto discovered. It possesses the national characteristics in perfection, as seen in the elevated vertex, flattened occiput, great interparietal diameter, ponderous bony structure, salient nose, large jaws and broad face. It is the perfect type of Indian conformation, to which =JS5!>s Aboriginal American (1512). the skulls of all the tribes from Cape Horn to Canada more or less approximate. Similar forms are common in the Peruvian tombs, HUMAN CRANIA. 71 and have the occiput, as in this instance, so flattened and vertical as to give the idea of artificial compression ; yet this is only an ex- aggeration of the natural form, caused by the pressure of the cradle- hoard in common use among the American nations. F. A. 81^. I. C. 90. Dr. E. H. Davis and E. G. Squier, Esq., A. D. 1849. " The circumstances," writes Mr. Squier, ia the work above quoted, " under which this skull was found, are altogether so extraordinary as to merit a detailed account. It will be observed, from the map, that the mound above indicated is situated upou the summit of a high hill, overlooking the valley of the Scioto, about four miles below the city of Chilicothe. It is one of the most prominent and commanding positions in that section of country. Upon the summit of this hill rises a conical knoll, of so great regularity as almost to induce the belief that it is itself artificial. Upon the very apex of this knoll, and covered by the trees of the primitive forests, is the mound. It is about eight feet high, by forty or fifty feet base. The superstructure is a tough, yellow clay, which, at the depth of three feet, is mixed with large, rough stones ; as shown in the accompanying section. " These stones rest upon a dry, calcareous deposit of buried earth and small stones, of a dark black color, and much compacted. This deposit is about two feet in thickness in the centre, and rests upon the original soil. In ex- cavating the mound, a large i^late of mica was discovered, placed upon the stones. * * * * * Immediately underneath this plate of mica, and in the centre of the buried deposit was found the skull figured [on the opposite page.] It was discovered resting upon its face. The lower jaw, as indeed the entire skeleton, excepting the clavicle, a few cervical vertebrae, and some of the bones of the feet, all of which were huddled around the skull, were wanting. "From the entire singularity of this burial, it might be inferred that the de- posit was a comparatively recent one; but the fact that the various layers of carbonaceous earth, stones, and clay were entirely undisturbed, and in no degree intermixed, settles the question beyond doubt that the skull was placed where it was found at the time of the construction of the mound. ***** -x- " This skull is wonderfully preserved ; unaccountably so, unless the circum- stances under which it was found may be regarded as most favorable to such a result. The imperviousness of the mound to water, from the nature of the material composing it, and its position on the summit of an eminence, subsiding in every direction from its base, are circumstances 72 CATALOGUE OF which, joined to the antiseptic qualities of the carbonaceons deposit enveloping the skull, may satisfactorily account for its excellent preser- vation." (See pp. 288-9.) 25. 417. Chief of the Cayuga tribe of Indians, State of New York, aetat. 70. F. A. 78*. I. C. 94. Dr. Z. Pitcher. See Crania Americana, plate 35 and page 192. 26. 1041. Chayenne Indian of Missouri. F. A. 73°. I. C. 73. Dr. B. B. Brown. 27. 211. Missouri Indian. 28. 987. Chemesyan Indian, from the N. W. coast of America : woman, setat. 30. F. A. 78°. I. C. 93. Prof. Scouler, of Dublin. 29. 22. Young Choctaw female of Georgia. Dr. J. Hutchins. 80. 39. Indian of the Euchee tribe of Florida : man, setat. 40. F. A. 75°. I. C. 84 ? Dr. Z. Pitcher. Crania Americana, plate 27 and page 174. 31. 212. Cast of a Kenhawha skull. 32. 27. Massasauga Indian, of Peterboro', Upper Canada : man, ffitat. 30. F. A. 760 I. C. 80. Rev. S. Wood, 1837. 33. 455. Indian of the Mingo tribe, Ohio. F. A. 77°. Dr. S. P. Hildreth. 34. 213. Naas Indian from Fort Simpson, Washington Territory. 35. 214. Naas Indian from Fort Simpson, Washington Territory. These two heads were presented by Dr. J. H. B. McClellan, May 5th, 1856. 36. 1219. Nanticoke ? Indian, from the valley of Wyoming : woman, aetat. 80. I. C. 84. Mr. W. S. Vaux. 1844. 37. 567. Naumkeag Indian of Massachusetts : man, «tat. 40. F. A. 80°. I. C. 75. Dr. A. L. Pearson. Crania Americana, plate 33 and page 187. 38. 33. Oneida warrior, Iroquois confederacy. I. C. 95. Dr. B. Tappan. Crania Americana, plate 36 and page 193. 39. 1036, PocASSET Indian. 40. 26. QuiNNiPiACK (Mohegan) Indian. I. C. 80. East Haven, Connecticut. Mr. E. C. Herrick. 41. 1516. Seneca Indian: man, aetat. 60. Exhumed from an old burying ground near Seneca Lake, New York. I. C . Dr. Jas. Bryan, 1850. 42. 1557. Indian cranium from the banks of the Susquehanna river. From Dr. Alexander Janney, May, 1852. HUMAN CRANIA. 73 43. 215i Aboriginal eranmm from South Carolina. F. A, 75". From Dr. R. W. Gibbs, of Columbia, S. C, November, 1853. 44. 216. Indian cranium from Gambel's Western collection. Pre- sented by Dr. Wilson. 45. 217. Fragment of cranium from the Grave Creek mound. 46. 218. Fragments of cranium from a mound, with a portion of the OS femoris. 47- 219. Fragment of cranium from Tippecanoe battle-ground. Pre- sented by Mr. L. H. Sands. 48. 220. Cast of the skull of an Indian named Walk-in-the-water, Presented by Mr. Harlan. I. CENTRAL AMERICANS. {Case 8.) 1- 990, Maya Indian of Yucatan : man, aetat. 50. I.C. 91. Cheva- lier Friedrichthal, of Vienna. 2. 1050. Fragments of the skull and other parts of the skeleton of a young aboriginal female, taken from an ancient tomb at Ticul, a ruined city near San Francisco, in Yucatan, A. D. 1842. From J. L. Stevens, Esq. Vide Incidents of Travel in Yucatan, vol. i. 3. 1067. Fragments of cranial and other bones of three human skele- tons, obtained by Mr. B. M. Norman from mounds in Yucatan. Vide Rambles in Yucatan, page 217. C. SOUTH AMERICANS. Araiicanians. 1. 651. Araucanian Indian (Arauco) of Chili : woman, aetat. 50. F. A. 73°. I. C. 73. 'i. 652. ARAUCANiANlndianrwoman, setat. 50. F.A.740. I.C. 75. 3. 654. Indian of the Arauco nation of Chili: woman, setat. 30. F. A. 72°. I. C. 78. Crania Americana, plate 78 and page 241. 4. 655. Indian of the Arauco nation: man, aetat. 30. F. A. 76°. I. C. 86. Crania Americana, plates 76, 77, and page 241. 5. 656. Araucanian woman, setat. 30. F. A. 76°. 1. C. 76. I received this and the four preceding skulls through the kindness of Dr. J. N. Casanova, of Valparaiso, who informed me that the three heads, Nos. 654, 655, 656, were taken from chiefs killed in an en- counter with the Chilian army under General Bulnes, on the river Bio-Bio, in 1835. I took occasion, however, to intimate to Dr. 74 CATALOGUE OP Casanova my suspicion that these were not recent crania, inasmuch as they had yet adhering to them some shreds of a peculiar mummy- cloth common in the old cemeteries of Peru and Chili, at the same time that they bore unequivocal evidences of long inhumation. Dr. Casanova, however, could not suppose that he had been de- ceived by his agent, and I therefore published the circumstances as related by him, and on his authority, in my Crania Americana, page 243. I may add that, judging from the size and conforma- tion of the skull No. 654, I inferred that it had belonged not to a chief, as was supposed by Dr. C, but to a woman. Subsequent examinations have satisfied me that my suspicions were well founded; and I am further- confirmed in this belief by com- paring these crania with the plates of a series obtained by the Naturalists of the Astrolabe from an ancient cemetery on the Bio- Bio river, near its confluence with the Moticha in Chili. It is suflScient to add that both collections of skulls were evidently ob- tained from the same place ; and, although Dr. Casanova was mis- led as to particulars, the crania I received from him pertain to a veritable but ancient Araucanian tribe, and possess a great interest, both in regard to their sepulchral locality and their admirably de- veloped characteristics. See Voyage del' Astrolabe: AntJiropologie par le Dr. Dumoutier, planche 27. 6. 995. Araucanian woman, aetat. 80. I. C. 77. 7. 997. Araucanian : man, setat. 50. I. C. 77. The two preceding Araucanian skulls from the interior of Arauco, were received from Dr. Thomas Page, of Valparaiso, in Chili. 8. 221. ^ Two Araucanian skulls in a fragmentary condition. Ob- 9. 222. 5 tained from a well on the premises of Mr. Keen, at Talca- huano. One of the heads was enclosed in an earthen, unglazed jar. Near it was found a peculiar lozenge-shaped stone. Presented by Dr. W. S. W. Ruschenberger, U. S. N., June 10th, 1856. 10. 223, Araucanian skull. 11. 224. Araucanian skull. 12. 120, Cast of an Araucanian skull. From 3Iounds. 1. 1242. " Indian cranium from an ancient town called Chiuehiu, or Atacama Baja, situated on the river Loa, at the eastern edge of the Desert of Atacama, eight leagues from Calamo, and 57 from- the Pacific Ocean. Here are extensive remains of Indian houses, and a fortress built of mud, and loop-holed. The huaco or burial place HUMAN CRANIA. 75 is along a terrace of soft sandstone, and the bodies are buried in the sitting posture.'' From Dr. John Houston, of Valparaiso, who obtained this and the following skull and presented them with the above memorandum : Indian Cranium (1242). 2. 1243i Indian cranium, found with the preceding. Both these heads are elongated upwards in the sugar-loaf form, by pressure applied both back and front. See Crania Americana, page 116; Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, for December, 1845, and American Journal of Science and Arts, for July, 1846. For original sources of information on these singular artificial modi- fications of the form of the cranium, see Cieza, Chronica del Peru, cap. XXVI, and Torquemada, Monarquia Indiana, T. II. p. 581. Fol. Madrid, 1723. ' Charihs. 1. 638. Skull of a Charib of Venezuela, flattened by art : found in a terra cotta vase, with the os sacrum and some small bones. Man, aetat. 40? F. A. 70°. From Ex-President Vargas, of Caraccas. * Crania Americana, plate 64 and page 237. 2. 692. Skull of a Charib of the Antilles, obtained in the island of Nassau by the late Rev. Thomas Leaver, for several years a mission- ary there. He presented the cranium to Dr. Thomas C. Dunn, of 76 OATALOGUE OP Newport, Ehode Island, by whom it was added to the present col- lection, A. D. 1849. Man, letat. 30. I. C. 89. 3. 225. Cast of a Chakib skull. Patagonians. 1. 1357. Cast of the skull of a Patagonian. Prof. Retzius. 2. 1359. Cast of the head of a Puelche girl of Patagonia. Prof. Retzius. 3. 226, Cast of a Patagonian skull. Presented by Mr. Harlan. Brazilians. 1. 1254. Skull of a Tapuyo Indian of Brazil. 2. 1513. Head of a Brazilian Indian, artificially preserved with false eyes, &c. : woman, getat. 60. I. C. 75. From the interior of Brazil. Mr. Henry Bond Dewey, of Para, A. D. 1850. Vide Blumenbach, Decades Craniorum, tab. xlvii. 3. 1528. Desiccated head of a Brazilian Indian, from the head waters of the Tapajos river, a tributary of the Amazon : woman, a3tat. 30. I. C. 69. Amory Edwards, Esq., of New York, 1851. 4. 1529. Brazilian Indian, prepared like the last and obtained with it : man setat. 70. I. C. 76. Amory Edwards, Esq., 1851. No. 1513 has probably been obtained from this aboriginal cemetery, and no doubt pertains to the same tribe. 5. 1530. GuAYCURU Indian of Brazil : girl, eetat. 13. Died at Beunos Ayres in the professional care of Dr. Kennedy, who presented me the skull, A. D. 1851. 6. 1555. I Gentoo Indians: two prepared heads from the Purus 7. 1556. J river, a tributary of the Amazon. Presented by Mr. Amory Edwards, March, 1852. I. C. II. TOLTECAN- RACE. a. PERUVIAN FAJIILY. From Arica. (Case 9.) 1. 67. Ancient Peruvian from Arica: man, aetat. 40. F. A. 73o. I. C. 86. Dr. Ruschenberger. See Crania Americana, plate 4 and page 108. 2. 496. Peruvian child of five years, from Arica : artificially elon- gated. Crania Americana, plate 2. HUMAN CRANIA. 77 3. 1045i Ancient Peruvian Lead, artificially elongated : woman, getat. 30. F. A. 68^. L C 77. From Arica. Dr. P. B. Goddard. See Crania Americana, plate 3. The following highly interesting series of crania, ten in number, (1275 to 1284, inclusive,) was sent me by my friend William A. Foster, Esq., now of Lima, who obtained them from the cele- brated Peruvian cemetery at Arica. " This cemetery,'' he observes, " lies on the face of a sand-hill, sloping towards the sea. The ex- tent of surface occupied by these tombs, as far as we explored, I should say was five or six acres. In many of the tombs three or four bodies were found clustered together, always in the sittiny posture, and wrapped in three or four thicknesses of cloth, and a mat thrown over all. Each one has about the person a pouch or bag, an ear or two of maize, fruit of some kind, and not unfre. quently a drinking vessel." Lima, December 17, 1845. See Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, for April, 1846 ; and American Journal of Science, for July, 1846. 4. 1275i Cranium of a child, partially compressed and elongated. 5. 1276. Cranium of a child about four years old : natural form. 6. 1277i Skull of a man, getat. 65, remarkably altered by art into the elongated, symmetrical form. I. C. 69. The annexed wood-cut shows the course of the bandages used in ob- taining this singular modification of the cranium. The forehead was pressed downwards and backwards by a compress probably of folded cloth. To keep it in its place, a bandage was carried over it from the base of the occiput and thence across the forehead. To confine the lateral portions of the skull, and in order to produce Peruvian skull (127T). the symmetrically elongated form, the same bandage was continued over the top of the head, immediately behind the coronal suture, probably with an intervening compress ; and the bandaging was 78 CATALOGUE OF repeated upon these parts until they were immovably confined in the desired position ; thus permitting the head to expand only in the posterior direction. See my Illustrated System of Human Anatomy, p. 90. 7. 1278. Skull of a man, aetat. 50, of similar form to the preceding, but in less degree. I. C. 85. 8. 1279. Man, of the same configuration as 1277 : setat. 40. I. C. 87. 9. 1280. Peruvian, conformation same as the last : woman, getat. 50. I. C. 70. 10. 1281. Peruvian skull moulded in the same manner as the last : woman, aetat. 20. 11. 1282. Peruvian head, same form as the preceding : agtat. 50. I. C. 87. 12. 1283. Peruvian bead, same form as the preceding : man, retat. 65. I. C. 75. 13. 1284. Peruvian, same form as the preceding, but wants the face. The following six crania were obtained at the ancient Peruvian ceme- tery at Arica, by my friend and former pupil Dr. S. J. Oakford, A, D. 1847. 14. 1363. Peruvian skull from the cemetery at Arica : man, astat. 70. Artificially elongated and symmetrical. 1. C 71. 15. 1364. Female Peruvian cranium from Arica; elongated by art. ^tat. 60. I. C. 74. 16. 1365. Elongated skull of a Peruvian : man, setat. 50. I. C. 76. From Arica. 17. 1366. Peruvian, artificially elongated : man, getat. 70, I. C 101. From Arica. 18. 1367. Elongated Peruvian skull from Arica : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 76. 19. 1368. Peruvian female head, artificially elongated : aetat. 60. I. C. 78. From Arica. 20. 227. Peruvian from Arica (?) From Pacliacamac. (Cases 9-10.) 1. 13. Ancient Peruvian, Pachacamac : man, aetat. 60. I. C 83. W. A. Foster, Esq. 2. 30. Ancient Peruvian, Pachacamac: woman, cetat. 25. I. C. 78. W. A. Foster, Esq. 3. 75. Peruvian from Pachacamac, or the Temple of the Sun, near Lima : woman, setat. 60. F. A. 72°. I. C. 87. Dr. Ruschen- HUMAN CRANIA. 79 : man, getat. 50. F. A. 75*^. I. C. 75. W. A. Foster, Esq. : man,rBtat. 40. F. A. 80*. berger. No one was permitted to be buried in this sanctuary but the families of priests, nobles and other persons of distinction. See Rerrera, Hist. Lib. vi. Dec. 5, and Crania Americana, page 132. 4. 76. Peruvian from Pachacamac. F. A. 73°. I. C. 62. Dr. Ruschenberger. 5. 77. Peruvian from Pachacamac I. C. 76. 6. 84. Peruvian from Pachacamac. 7. 85. Peruvian from Pachacamac I. C. 76. See Crania Americana, plate 11 B, and page 129. 8. 86. Peruvian from Pachacamac : man, aetat. 40. F. A. 81°. I. C. 88. See Crania Americana, plate 11 and page 127. 9. 87, Peruvian from Pachacamac. F. A, 75*. I. C. 73. See Crania Americana, plates 8 and 9, and page 125. 10. 90. Peruvian from Pachacamac : woman, getat. 30. F. A. 75*. I. C. 71. 11. 92. Peruvian from Pachacamac : man, aetat. 60. I. C. 75. 12. 93. Peruvian from Pachacamac : woman, setat, 40. F. A. 79°. I. C. 79. Nos. 85, 86, 87, 90, 92 and 93 from Dr. Ruschenberger. 13. 95. Peruvian from Pachacamac : man, setat. 60. F. A. 80°, I. C. 91. Dr. Ruschenberger. See Crania Americana, plate 11 A, and page 127. 14. 96. Peruvian from Pachacamac : woman, setat. 40. F. A. 73®. I. C. 80. 15. 97. Peruvian from Pachacamac : man, setat. 50. F. A. 75©. I. C. 77. See Crania Americana, plate 11 D, and page 131. Peruvian (97). 16. 99. Peruvian child of three years. Pachacamac. 17. 100. Peruvian from Pachacamac : woman, astat. 40. F. A. 70*. I. C. 67. 80 CATALOGUE OP 18. 108. Peruvian from Pachacamac. 19. 400. Peruvian from Pacliacamac : woman, aetat. 50. F. A. 76^. I. C. 75. 20. 402, Peruvian from Pachacamac : woman, aetat. 50. F. A. 77*'. I. C. 78. 21. 403. Peruvian from Pachacamac : woman, setat. 30. F. A. 74°. I. C. 77. 22. 404. Peruvian from Pacliacamac : child of five years. 23. 405. Peruvian from Pachacamac. F. A. 75°. I. C. 70. 24. 406. Peruvian from Pachacamac : woman, setat. 30. F. A. 76^. I. C. 76. Nos. 402 to 406, inclusive, from Dr. Ruschenberger. 25. 409. Peruvian from Pachacamac : woman, setat. 70. I. C. 82. W. A. Foster, Esq. 26. 446. Peruvian from Pachacamac. F. A. 80°. I. C. 75. Cra- nia Americana, plate 11 C, and page 130. Lateral view. Peruvian (446). Coronal view. Posterior view. 27. 450. Peruvian from Pachacamac : woman, oetat. 50. F. A. 75'^. I. C. 77. Nos. 446 and 450 from Dr. Ruschenberger. HUMAN CRANIA. 81 28. 453. Peruvian child. Pacliacamac. 29. 541, Peruvian from Pachacamac : man, setat. 55. I. C. 80. 30. 562. PERtrviAN from Pacliacamac : man, aetat, 40. I. C 79. 31. 568. Peruvian of Pachacamae. 32. 570. Peruvian of Pachacamae : woman, aetat. 80. I. C. 69. 33. 571. Peruvian from Pachacamae : woman, aetat. 85. I. C. 75. 34. 631. Peruvian from Pachacamae : woman, aetat. 85. I. C. 68. 35. 642. Peruvian from Pachacamae : man, aetat. 40. I. 0. 73. 36. 685. Peruvian from Pachacamae : man, aetat. 35. I. C. 78. 37. 686. Peruvian from Pachacamae : man, aetat. 40. I. 0. 70. 38. 687. Peruvian from Pachacamae : man, aetat. 80. I. C. 71. 39. 688. Peruvian from Pachacamae : woman, aetat. 50. I. C. 58. 40. 696. Peruvian from Pachacamae : woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 68. The preceding 18 skulls, Nos. 453 to 696, inclusive, are from W. A . Foster, Esq. 41. 697. Ancient Peruvian from Pachacamae : man, aetat. 50. F. A. 73°. I. C. 74. Dr. Ruschenberger. 42. 699. Ancient Peruvian from Pachacamae: woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 74. I. C. 76. Dr. Ruschenberger. 43. 750, Peruvian from Pachacamae : man, jetat. 40. I. C. 69. W. A. Foster, Esq. 44. 752. Peruvian from Pachacamae : woman, aetat. 60. I. C. 67. 45. 947. Peruvian child from Pachacamae : aetat. 4. Mr. Foster. 46. 1042. Peruvian child from Pachacamae : aetat. 6. 47. 1059. Peruvian child from Pachacamae : setat. 2. W. A. Foster, Esq. 48. 1104i Peruvian child from Pachacamae : aetat. 8. W. A. Foster, Esq. 49. 1225, Peruvian of Pachacamae : man, aetat. 50. I. C. 85. 50. 1232. Peruvian of Pachacamae : woman, aetat. 80. I. C. 68. 51. 1241. Peruvian of Pachacamae : man, aetat. 60. I. C. 67. 52. 1453. Peruvian child from Pachacamae : aetat. 9 years. For the following series of Peruvian skulls, 1456 to 1509, I am in- debted to my friend Wm, A. Foster, Esq. 53. 1456. Peruvian. Pachacamae : man, aetat. 70. I. C. 79. The atlas is anchylosed to the occiput. 54. 1457. Peruvian. Pachacamae. Remarkable for the number of ossa triquetra. Girl of 16. I. C. 69. 55. 1458, Peruvian. Pachacamae: woman, aetat. 25. I. C. 67. 56. 1459, Peruvian. Pachacamae : man, aetat. 60. I. C. 68. 57. 1460. Peruvian. Pachacamae : woman, aetat, 40. 6 82 CATALOGUE OP 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. to. 74. 75. 76. 1 1. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96 I. c. 64. I. c. 75. I. c. 64. I. c. 66. 1461i Peruvian. Paoliacamac : woman, aetat. 80. 1462. Peruvian. Pachacamac : woman, setat. 45. 1463^ Peruvian child of four years. Pachacamac. 1464. Peruvian. Pachacamac : woman, aetat. 60. 1465. Peruvian. Pachacamac : woman, aetat. 35. 1466. Peruvian child of five years. Pachacamac. 1467. Peruvian child of four years. Remarkable for the fulness of the occipital region. Pachacamac. 1468. Peruvian child of eight years. Pachacamac. 1469. Peruvian child of eight years. Pachacamac. 1470. Peruvian. Pachacamac : man, setat. 50. I. C. 82. 1471. Peruvian. Pachacamac : woman. I. C. 72. 1472. Peruvian : man, aetat. 60. I. C. 77. 1473. Peruvian. Pachacamac : man, aetat. 55. I. C. 83. 1474. Peruvian. Pachacamac : man, aetat. 50. I. C 86. 1475. Peruvian : man, aetat. 60. I. C. 81. Pachacamac. 1476. Peruvian. Pachacamac : woman, aetat. 70. 1477. Peruvian. Pachacamac : woman, aetat. 60. I. C. 74. 1478. Peruvian. Pachacamac : man, setat. 40. I. C 83. 1479. Peruvian. Pachacamac. 1480. Peruvian : woman, aetat. 16. I. C. 78. Pachacamac. 1481. Peruvian: man, setat. 80. I. C. 81. Pachacamac. 1482. Peruvian : man, setat. 50. I. C. 82. Pachacamac. 1483. Peruvian. Pachacamac : man, setat. 40. 1489. Peruvian : woman, aetat. 16. I. C. 77. Pachacamac. 1490. Peruvian : man, setat. 80. I. C. 78. Pachacamac. 1491. Peruvian. Pachacamac : woman, setat. 70. I. C. 77. 1492. Peruvian child of six years. Pachacamac. 1493. Peruvian child of twelve years. Pachacamac. 1494. Peruvian : woman, aetat. 16. I. C 69. Pachacamac. 1495. Peruvian : man, aetat. 50. I. C. 73. Pachacamac. 1496. Peruvian from Pachacamac : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 75. 1497. Peruvian child of four years. Pachacamac. 1498. Peruvian. Pachacamac : woman, setat. 40. Pachacamac : man, a3tat. 45. I. Pachacamac : woman, setat. 60. Pachacamac : man, setat. 60. I. C. 74. Pachacamac : woman, setat. 30. I. C. 83. Pachacamac : woman, aetat. 45. I. C. 70. Pachacamac : man, aetat. 70. I. C. 77. 1499. Peruvian. 1500. Peruvian. 1501. Peruvian. 1502. Peruvian. 1503. Peruvian. 1504. Peruvian. C. 75. I. C. 69. 97. 1505. Peruvian. Pachacamac : woman, aetat. 70. HUMAN CRANIA. 83 98. 1506. Peruvian. Pacliacamac : man, setat. 40. I. C. 66. 99. 1507. Peruvian. Pachacamac : womaa, setat. 20. I. C. 75. 100. 1508. Peruvian. Pacliacamac : woman, setat. 50. I. C. 72. 101. 1509. Peruvian, Pachacamac: man, setat. 70. I. C 76. 102. 228. Peruvian. Pacliacamac. 103. 229, Peruvian. Pacliacamac. 104. 230. Peruvian. Pacliacamac. The three preceding skulls were found on the side of a hill two miles south of the Temple of the Sun, July, 1845. From Pisco. (Cases 10-11.) 1. 38, Peruvian from the ancient cemetery at Pisco. 2. 72. Ancient Peruvian from Pisco : man, setat. 50. I. C. 83. 8. 445. Ancient Peruvian from Pisco. 4. 497. Peruvian from the ancient cemetery at Pisco : woman, aetat. 16. I. C. 62. 5. 498. Peruvian from Pisco : woman, astat. 50. I. C. 63. 6. 630i Peruvian child from the ancient cemetery at Pisco. 7. 996. Peruvian from the ancient cemetery at Pisco : woman, aetat. 60. I. C 84. 8. 1048. Peruvian from the ancient cemetery at Pisco. 9. 1061. Peruvian from Pisco : woman, setat. 50. I. C. 66. 10. 1221. Ancient Peruvian : man, setat. 60. I. C. 82. From the Huacas of Pisco. 11. 1269. Peruvian from the ancient cemetery at Pisco : woman j getat. 60. I. C. 72. 12. 1326i Peruvian from the ancient cemetery at Pisco : man, setat. 50. I. C. 75. Nos. 38 to 1326, inclusive, from W. A. Foster, Esq. 13. 1369. Peruvian from the Huacas of Pisco : woman, setat. 80. L C. 71. 14. 1370. Ancient Peruvian from Pisco : man, setat. 60. I. C. 80. 15. 1371. Ancient Peruvian from Pisco: man, setat. 60. I. C. 77. 16. 1372^ Ancient Peruvian from Pisco : woman, setat. 40. 17. 1373. Ancient Peruvian from Pisco : man, setat. 60. I. C. 77. 18. 1374. Ancient Peruvian from Pisco; forehead compressed: man, setat. 50. I. C. 74. 19. 1375. Peruvian child of six years old. Pisco. 20. 1376. Peruvian child eight years of age. Head elongated in the upward direction. Pisco. 84 CATALOGUE OP 21. 1406. Peruvian from Pisco : man, getat. 35. I. C. 72. 22. 1407, Peruvian from Pisco : man, aetafc. 60. I. C. 77. 23. 1408. Peruvian from Pisco: man, aetat. 45. I. C. 81. 24. 1409. Peruvian from Pisco : woman, setat. 25. I. C 70. 25. 1410. Peruvian from Pisco : man, a3tat. 40. I. C. 73. 26. 1411, Peruvian from Pisco: man^ setat. 50. I. C 89. 27. 1412. Peruvian from Pisco : man, getat. 70. I. C. 88. 28. 1413. Peruvian from Pisco : man, setat. 60. 29. 1414. Peruvian from Pisco. 30. 1415. Peruvian from Pisco: child of twelve years. 31. 1416. Peruvian from Pisco : man, retat. 50. I. C. 73. 32. 1417. Peruvian from Pisco : man, setat. 70. I. C. 79. 33. 1418. Peruvian from Pisco: woman, setat. 50. I. C. 64. 34. 1419. Peruvian from Pisco: woman, setat. 25. I. C. 62. 35. 1420. Peruvian from Pisco; conical form: man, setat. 55. I. C. 76. 36. 1421. Peruvian from Pisco : man, getat. 50. I. C. 81. 37. 1422. Peruvian from Pisco : womi^n, setat. 80. I. C. 77. Atlas anchylosed to the cranium. See also Nos. 1263 and 1456. 38. 1423. Peruvian from Pisco : child of two years. 39. 1424. Peruvian from Pisco : man, setat. 70. I. C. 60. Skull compressed, with frontal suture. 40. 1425. Peruvian from Pisco : setat. 40. I. C. 72. Much com- pressed. 41. 1426. Peruvian from Pisco : man, setat 60. I. C. 85. Conical form. 42. 1427. Peruvian from Pisco : man, setat. 70. I. C. 77. Conical form. 43. 1428. Peruvian from Pisco : man, setat. 40. 44. 1429. Peruvian from Pisco : woman, aetat. 70. I. C. 71. 45. 1430. Peruvian from Pisco: a child of 8 years. Head com- pressed. 46. 1431. Peruvian from Pisco : boy, setat. 17. I. C. 66. Conical form. 47. 1432. Peruvian from Pisco : woman, getat. 35. I. C 74. Conical form. 48. 1433. Peruvian from Pisco : child of seven years, 49. 1434. Peruvian from Pisco : woman, getat. 40. I. C. 75. Much compressed. 50. 1435. Peruvian from Pisco : woman, setat. 60. I. C. 66. Conical form. HUMAN CRANIA. 85 51. 1436. Peruvian from Pisco: man, aetat. 50. I. C 76, Strongly . resembles a Malay skull. 52. 1437. Peruvian from Pisco : woman, setat. 70. I. C. 74. 53. 1438. Peruvian from Pisco : woman, setat. 55. I. C. 72. 54. 1439. Peruvian from Pisco : woman, aetat. 50. I. C. 69. 55. 1440. Peruvian from Pisco : man, aetat. 60. I. C 84. 56. 1441. Peruvian from Pisco: child of 8 years. Conical form. 57. 1442. Peruvian from Pisco : woman aetat. 35. I. C 72. 58. 1443. Peruvian from Pisco : man, sotat. 50. I. C. 73. 59. 1444, Peruvian from Pisco : woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 66. 60. 1445. Peruvian from Pisco : woman, aetat. 80. For the preceding series of Peruvian crania from Pisco, I am indebt- ed to my friend "Wm. A. Foster, Esq., formerly of this city, and now a resident of Lima, who accompanied them with the following memorandum : — " These skulls were all collected from the surface of three or four liuacas (tumuli) within a short distance, perhaps a couple of miles, of each other, having been disturbed and left lying there by pre- vious diggers; that is, by the common people of the country, who are full of notions about buried treasure. All the huacas I saw were evidently those of the poorer classes. " The whole country around Pisco is covered with Indian remains. It is a rich valley, with a small stream running through it, and has every appearance of having been thickly populated and well and extensively cultivated." 61. 1484. Peruvian from Pisco : man, aetat. 50. 62. 1485. Peruvian from Pisco : woman, aetat. 40. From Santa. {Case 11.) 1. 71. Peruvian child from Santa. Dr. Waters Smith, U. S. Navy. 2. 73. Peruvian from a mound near Santa : woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 71°. I. C. 75. Dr. Waters Smith, U. S. Navy. See Cra- nia Americana, plate 56 and page 225. 3. 79. Peruvian from Santa : man, aetat. 30. F. A. 74°. I. C. 76. 4. 81. Peruvian from Santa: woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 76°. I. C. 77. 5. 82, Peruvian from Santa : woman, getat. 60. F. A. 79°. I. 0. 76. Nos. 79, 81 and 82 from Dr. Ruscbenberger. 86 CATALOGUE OF 6. 449. Peruvian from Santa : man, setat. 60. F. A. 77*. I. C. 88. 7. 569. Peruvian child of 8 years, from Santa. Dr. Ruschen- berger. 8. 109. Peruvian from Santa. From Lima. 1. 68. Peruvian from a tumulus near Lima : man, setat. 40. F. A. 74^^. I. C. 90. Dr. H. S. Rennolds, U. S. Navy. 2. 91. Peruvian from Chorillos, near Lima : woman, oetat. 60. F. A. 75*. I. C. 66. Dr. Rusclienberger. 3. 412. Peruvian from a tumulus at Rimac, near Lima : woman, »tat. 60. F. A. 74°. I. C. 79. Dr. H. S. Rennolds, U. S. N. See Crania Americana, plate 57 and page 226. 4. 414. Peruvian, the OS frontis flattened by art. From a tumulus at Rimac, near Lima. F. A. 72*. L C 81. Dr. H. S. Ren- nolds, U. S. N. See Crania Americana, plate 57 and page 226. 5. 452. Peruvian from near Lima : man, setat. 30. F. A. 69*. L C. 83. From Dr. Ruschenberger. 6. 576. Peruvian from a mound near Lima. I. C. 72. Dr. H. S. Rennolds, U. S. N. 7. 231. Peruvian from an Indian tumulus in the valley of Lima, near Magdalena, June, 1845. Miscellaneous. {Case 11.) 1. 11, Ancient Chimuyan from the ruined city near Truxillo, in Peru : woman, setat. 40. L C. 71. Dr. M. Burrough. See Crania Americana, plate 6 and page 112. 2. 451. Peruvian : woman, setat. 30. F. A. 78*. I. C. 87. 3. 637. QuiCHUA Indian of Upper Peru : man, setat. 40. F. A. 70o. I. C. 82. Ex-President Vargas. 4. 1348. Peruvian skull, artificially elongated upwards and back- wards : man, ostat. 50. I. C 66. Dr. Dickeson. 5. 1517. Peruvian child of 8 years. Payta. Dr. S. J. Oakford. 1850. 6. 1518, Peruvian: man, aetat. 50. I. C. — . From a mound in the province of Payta, Dr. S. J. Oakford. 1850. 7. 113. Peruvian of the Inca race. 8. 232, Peruvian. Atacames. 9. 1046. Peruvian from an ancient cemetery at Guamay. I. C. 74. Dr. Paul Swift. 1843. HUMAN CRANIA. 87 1. 447. Peruvian from near Callao : woman, setat. 40, F. A. 74'^. I. C. 76. 2. 448. Peruvian from near Callao : woman, £etat.40. F. A. 74°. I. C. 73. Nos. 447 and 448 from Dr. Ruschenberger. 3. 233. Peruvian from vaults at Callao Fort, May, 1845. 1. 710. Cast of an elongated Peruvian skull. Dr. 0. S. Fowler. 2. 71 L Cast of another ancient Peruvian skull. Dr. 0. S. Fowler. 8. 700i Cast of the head of an ancient Peruvian, from a tomb on the Island of Titicaca, in Bolivia. Crania Americana, page 97, &c. 4. 701. Cast of an ancient Peruvian skull, from a tomb on the Island of Titicaca. 5. 702. Cast of a skull found with the preceding. 6. 703. Cast of a skull taken by Mr. Pentland from an ancient tomb at Coracolla, latitude 17" 38' south. 7. 704. Cast of a skull of the ancient Peruvian race, taken from the tombs between Pomete and Chimgauge, by Mr. Pentland. 8. 705. Cast of a skull taken by Mr. Pentland from a large tomb in the Island of Titicaca. See Crania Americana, page 97, and Jour- nal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, vol. viii. See also my Distinctive Characteristics of the Aboriginal Race of America, p. 7, 41, and M. D'Orbigny, L'Hopime Americain, planche 2. h. MEXICAN family. {Case 12.) 1. 34. Mexican Indian of the Tlahuica tribe : woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 76'^. I. C. 84. W. Maclure, Esq., 1836. The following is a copy of Mr. Maclure's note to me : — " The skull of an Indian from Acapancingo, eighteen leagues south of Mexico, and a league and a half from Cuernavaca, State of Mexico." See Clavigero^ s Hist, of 31exico, Cullen's Trans.,yo\.\. p. 7 ; and Crania Americana, plate 18 A, and page 156. 1. 734. Skull of an ancient Mexican, of the Aztec? nation; ex- humed near the Indian village of Guahapan, on the mountain Popo- catapetl. Man, aetat. 40. I. C. 85. Dr. J. Macartney, of Mexico. 2. 735. Aztec? found with the preceding. Woman, eetat. 40. I. C. 76. Dr. Macartney. 88 CATALOGUE OP 1. 714. Mexican ladlan from an ancient cemetery at Otumba : man, £etat. 40. I. C. 90. Crania Americana, plate 61 and page 233. 2. 715. Mexican Indian from Otumba : woman, setat. 20. I. C. 77. Crania Americana, plate 59 and page 231. 3. 716. Mexican Indian from Otumba : woman, setat. 30. F. A. 77°. I. C. 81. Crania Americana, plate 60 and page 232. 1. 717. Ancient Mexican from Tacuba: man, aetat. 50. I. C. 80. 2. 718. Ancient Mexican from Tacuba : man, getat. 40. I. C. 81. 3. 719. Mexican Indian from near the city of Mexico. I. C. 92. 4. 720. Ancient Mexican from Tacuba : woman, aetat. 60. I. C- The preceding seven skulls, 714 to 720, inclusive, were transmitted to me by the late William Maclure, Esq., with the following note : " Skulls obtained by Mr. Joseph Smith from the ancient tombs of Tacuba and Otumba, for Dr. Morton, May, 1, 1839." 1. 1323. The skull of Vicente Kivaz, an Otomie Cazique of the pure Mexican race, born and died in the village of San Piedro Flax- coapan, in the department of Tula, 20 leagues from the city of Mexico. He lived to be 80 years of age, and was remarkable for his literary attainments and amiable disposition. Sent meby Senor Don Jose Gomez de la Catina, of the city of Mexico, A. D. 1848, through Dr. Henderson, U. S. A. I. C 72. 2. 1000. Ancient Mexican. Otomie nation : man, getat. 50. From a mound near Ajacuba. F. A. 80^. I. C. 92. 3. 1001. Ancient Mexican. Otomie nation : woman, setat. 30. From the same place. F. A. 75°. I. C 67. 4. 1002. Ancient Mexican. Otomie nation : woman, aetat. 40. From a mound near the village of Doxey. F. A. 73°. I. C. 76. 5. 1003. Ancient Mexican. Otomie nation : man, aetat. 18. From a mound near the Sierra de Zumpanga. F. A. 70°. I. C. 76. 1. 1004. Ancient Mexican. Tlascalau nation : man, aetat. 40. From a mound in the suburbs of Tlascala. F. A. 75°. I. C. 84, 1. 1005. Ancient Mexican. Chechemecan nation : woman, aetat. 30. From a mound at Tezcuco. F. A. 75°. I. C. 83. The six preceding crania were obtained and presented by Don J. Gomez de la Cortina, of the city of Blexico^ through Mr. W. HUMA.N CRANIA. 89 Augustus Twigg. See Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences for July, 1841. 1- 1226. Ancient Mexican skull, from the cemetery of Santiago de Tlatilolco, near the city of Mexico, in which many thousands of the natives were interred after the brave defence of their city against Cortes. I. C 79.5. From his Excellency the Baron von Gerolt, A. D. 1845. See Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences for July, 1845. 1. 681. Mexican Indian of the Pames tribe, from San Lorenzo, near the capital : woman, setat. 50. F. A. 77°. I. C. 78. Crania Americana, plate 17 A, and page 154. 2. 1313i Pames Mexican : woman, setat. 30. I. C. 81. From the village of San Lorenzo, near the city of Mexico. W. S. Parrott, Esq. 1. 1314i Ancient Mexican chief, exhumed, together with various aboriginal arms and utensils, from the Cerro de Quesilas, near the city of Mexico, and brought from thence by the Hon. J. R. Poin- sett, U. S. Minister to Mexico. F. A. 72°- I. C. 86. See Cra- nia Americana, plate 14 and page 152. 2. 682. Mexican Indian : man, Eetat. 40. F. A. 80°. L C. 91. Crania Americana, plate 17 and page 153. In that work, table 1, page 257, this skull is erroneously referred to No. 559, 3. 234. Skull said to be taken from under the vast Altar of Sacri- fices at Mexico. Presented by Dr. E. H. Barton, of N. Orleans. 1. 1353. Cast of a singularly deformed Mexican skull. Prof. An- dreas Retzius, of Stockholm. 1. 1566. Indian cranium. Pimos village, Mexico. Presented by Dr. Heermann, August, 1854. F. A. 78°. I. C. — . 1. 1345. Skull of a chief of the Lipan tribe of Indians, killed in a skirmish with Col. Doniphan's legion, on the 5th of May, 1847, at Poyo, near Parses, in New Mexico. Man, astat. 40. I. C. 84. This skull was procured and presented by Dr. A. Wislizeuus, of St. Louis, Missouri. 2. 1346. Skull, supposed to be of an ancient tribe of Lipan Indians, from the celebrated sepulchral cavern of Bolson de Massimi, be- 90 CATALOGUE OF tween San Sebastian and San Lorezo, in the State of Durango, ['New Mexico. Man, setat. 50. I. C. 99. Obtained and pre- sented by Dr. A. Wislizenus, of St. Louis, Missouri, A. D. 1847. 1. 1515. Modern Mexican Indian: man (?) aetat. 30. I. C. 78. Brought from Perote, A. D.1847, by Capt. G. W. Smith, U. S. Army, and presented by Dr. J. H. B. McClellan. 2. 1347, Head of a young Mexican sergeant, killed at the battle of Buena Vista, in New Mexico, May, 1847. An example of natural desiccation. Dr. R. S. Holmes, U. S. A. o. 555. Mexican soldier, setat. 40, with three cicatrized gunshot wounds through the right parietal bone. Slain at the battle of San Jacinto, in Texas, A. D. 1836. 4. 556. Mexican soldier, setat. 40, with cicatrized depression of the frontal and nasal bones. Slain at the battle of San Jacinto. 5. 557. Mexican soldier, setat. 50, slain at San Jacinto. A rifle ball has entered the occipital bone and passed out of the left parietal. 6. 558. Mexican soldier, setat. 40, slain at San Jacinto. Skull perforated by a ball. Nos. 555 to 558, inclusive, from J. J. Audubon, Esq. 7. 722. Singularly formed skull from the battle-field of San Jacinto, in Texas, A. D. 1836. I. C. 79. Dr. Trudeau. 8. 689. Mexican Indian, slain at the battle of San Jacinto, in Texas, A. D. 1836. Man, £etat. 30. I. C. 91. W. M. Black- ford, Esq. V. NEGRO GROUP. 1. American-Born. (Case 12.) 1. 1. Negro, born in the United States, setat. 30. I. C. 83. 2. 2, Negro, born in the United States, aetat. 50. F. A. 69^'. I. C. 83. 3. 69. Negress, setat. 80 years. I. C. 79. 4. 74. Negro ; died of malignant polypus of the antrum. I. C 76. Dr. F. Turnpenny. 5. 548. Negro of St. Domingo, aetat. 30. I. C. 86. 6. 549. Negress, setat. 20. I. C. 83. HUMAN CRANIA. 91 7. 900, Negro, born iu the United States, setat. 60. I. C. 75. 8. 983. Negro, born in the United States. F. A. 76°. I. C. 84. Negeo (983). 9. 984. Negro, bom in the United States, aetat. 50. F. A. 79^. I. C. 86. 10. 1301. Fragment of a Negro skull of remarkable thickness. 11. 1302. Negro convict. 12. 1318, Negro. History unknown. 13. 1320. Negress of South Carolina, setat. 30. I. C. 73. Dr. Hardy. 14. 1321. Cast of the skull of a Negro, remarkable for the flatness of the lateral or temporal regions, and for a grooved surface over the posterior part of the coronal suture, and deep depressions which supply the place of the parietal protuberances. Dr. J. Wyman, of Boston. See Nos. 444, 893 and 1290. 15. 235. Cast of a Negro skull. 16. 236. Cast of a Negro skull. 2. Native Africans. (Cases 12-13.) 1. 12. Native African boy. Dr. W. S. W. Ruschenberger. 2. 114. Negro, from Western Africa. 3. 421. Native African, male of the Benguella tribe, setat. about 40 years. I. C. 88. Dr. J. W. Russell, 1835. 4. 422. Native African, female of the Mina tribe, aetat. about 30 years. I. C. 80. Dr. Kussell. 5. 423. Native African, male of the Mozambique tribe, aetat. between 40 and 50 years. I. C. 85. Dr. Russell. 6. 1245, Mozambique Negro : man, aetat. 60. I. C. 80. Mr. Jno. Watson, through Dr. Gr. Watson, 1845. 7. 237. Cast of a Mozambique skull. Presented by Mr. Harlan. [In the Benguella skull (No. 421), the forehead is broad and capa- 92 CATALOGUE OF 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14 cious, the calvarial arcli full and regular, the posterior region ap- pears elongated in consequence of the angle formed by the junction of a large Wormian piece and the occiput proper ; face regular, superior maxillae prognathous. The Mozambique skull (No. 423), resembles in form that of the Benguella and Kroos. In another Mozambique head (No. 1245), however, the forehead is narrower and higher. The cast of a Mozambique skull (No. 237), pre- sents an exceedingly low and degraded form.] 580. Native African of the Macua tribe : boy, setat. 16. F. A. 75°. I. C. 67. Dr. Lobe of Havana. 640. Native African of the Dey tribe, Liberia. Dr. Skinner. 645. Native African of the Grabbo tribe, near Liberia : man, setat. 30. F. A. 77^. L C. 97. 646. Native African of the Bassa tribe of Liberia : woman, setat. 30. F. A. SO^". L C. 77. 647. Native African of the Bassa tribe of Liberia : man, getat. 30. L C. 98. 648. Native African of the Bassa tribe, setat. 50. I. C. 88. I received this skull, together with the preceding three, from Dr. Robert McDowell, with the following memorandum : — " The skull of an African Gree-gree man, or doctor. For commit- ting some crime he was tried by the ordeal of drinking red-toood water, and being found guilty, was cut in pieces, and thrown into the St. John's river. Grand Bassa, Africa, where his skull was found — a very good specimen of the Bassa tribe. A. D. 1835. 823. Negress, setat. 60, with gray, woolly hair. I. C. 73. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 12, fig. 7. Negress (823). 15. 898. Native African. The following series of 29 skulls, of Native African Negroes, was received from Don Jose Rodriguez Cisneros, M. D,, of Havana. HUMAN CRANIA. 93 16. 901. Native African. F. A. 76°. I. C. 76. 17. 902. Native African, aetat. 30. F. A. 76°. I. C. 86. 18. 903. Native African. F. A. 77''. I. C. 80. 19. 904. Native African, eetat. 20. F. A. 76°. I. C. 79. 20. 905. Native African, setat. 30. F. A. 75°. I. C. 85. 21. 906. Native African, aetat. 12. F. A. 79^. 22. 907. Native African, aetat. 14. h 23. 908. Native African, setat. 25. F. A. 82°. I. C. 99. 24. 909. Native African, »tat. 16. F. A. 79°. I. C. 89. 25. 910. Native African, setat. 20. F. A. 75°. I. C. 78. 26. 911. Native African, setat. 14. F. A. 79®. 27. 912. Native African, setat. 25. F. A. 76°. I. C. 87. 28. 913. Native African, setat. 30. F. A. 76°. I. C. 92. 29. 914. Native African, setat. 17. F. A. 73°. I. C. 78. 30. 915. Native African, setat. 25. F. A. 77°. I. C. 88. 31. 916. Native African, setat. 16. F. A. 79*. I. C. 80. 32. 917. Native African, setat. 25. F. A. 78^. I. C. 73. 33. 918. Native African, setat. 40. F. A. 75°. I. C. 87. 84. 919. Native African, setat. 30. F. A. 80°. I. C. 96. 35. 920. Native African, setat. 25. F. A. 74*. I. C. 72. 36. 921. Native African, aetat. 14. 37. 922. N.\TivE African, aetat. 14. F. A. 74*. 38. 923. Native African, aetat. 20. F. A. 81°. I. C. 86. 39. 924. Native African, setat. 16. F. A. 73°. I. C. 76. 40. 925. Native African, «tat. 30. F. A. 81*. I. C. 80. 41. 926. Native African, setat. 14. 42. 927. Native African, aetat. 16. F. A. 80°. I. C. 90. 43. 928. Native African, setat. 35. F. A. 77°. I. C. 88. 44. 929. Native African, aetat. 40. F. A. 77°. I. C. 83. Second series of crania of Native African tribes, Nos. 958 to 981, inclusive, from Don Jose Kodriguez Cisneros, M. D., of Havana. 45. 958. Native African Negro, setat. 30. F. A. 79*. I. C. 89. 46. 959. Native African, setat. 7. 47. 960. Native African Negress, aetat. 18. F. A. 76°. I. C. 82. 48. 961, Native African : girl of 14 years. F. A. 82°. 49. 962. Native African Negro, setat. 18. F. A. 76°. I. C. 87. 50. 963. Native African Negro, aetat. 30. F. A. 71°. I. C. 82. 51. 964. Native African Negro, setat. 40. F. A. 80°. I. C. 93. 52. 965. Native African Negress, setat. 16. F. A 77°. I. C. 72. 53. 966. Native African Negress. F. A. 79*. I. C. 79. 54. 967. Native African : girl of 18. I. C. 71. 94 CATALOGUE OF 55. 968. Native African Negro, aetat. 25. F. A. 73°. I. C. 87. 56. 969. Native African : girl of 12 years. F. A. 74''. 57. 970. Native African : girl of 16. F. A. 78°. I. C. 76. 58. 971. Native African Negro, aetat. 25. F. A. 80°. I. C. 86. 59. 972. Native African : boy of 15 years. F. A. 75°. 60. 973. Native African Negro, aetat. 25. F. A. 79«. I. C. 93. 61. 974. Native African Negro. F. A. 12^. I. C. 85, 62. 975. Native African Negro, aetat. 25. F. A. 81°. L C. 99. 63. 976. Native African Negro, astat. 18. F. A. 80*. I. C. 82. 64. 977. Native African, ^tat. 16. F. A. 83°. I. C. 86. 65. 978. Native African Negro, aetat. 20. F. A. 80° I. C. 78. 66. 979. Native African, getat. 16. F. A. 73^^. I. C. 77. 67. 980. Native African, aetat. 14. 68. 981. Native African Negro, setat. 30. F. A. 75*'. I. C. 97. 69. 993. Native African Negro, aetat. 30. F. A. 81°. I. C. 78. 70. 994. Native African Negro, ^tat. 30. F. A. 76°. I. C. 76. 71. 1093, GoLAH Negro, warrior, setat. 70. F. A. 77°. I. C. 85. Liberia. 72. 1094. GoLAH warrior, setat. 40. F. A. 77*. I. C. 90. 73. 1095. Pessah : man, aetat. 40. F. A. 80«. I. C. 90. 74. 1096. Pessah : man, aetat. 30. F. A. 76*. I. C. 80. 75. 1097. Pessah : man, aetat. 40. F. A. 77°. I. C. 83. The five preceding skulls are of Negroes killed in the attack on Heddington, in Liberia, A. D. 1840. 76. 1098. Krooman, jetat. 40. F. A. 79°. L C. 92. 77. 1099. Krooman, setat. 50. F. A. 73°. I. C. 95. 78. 1100. Dey : man, aetat. 30. F. A. 79°. L C. 89. 79. 1101. Eboe : man, aetat. 40. F. A. 74°. 80. 1102. Eboe : woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 75*. L C. 71. ' The last two were hanged in Liberia for murder. SI. 1103. Native African : woman, aetat. 25. F. A. 75*. I. C. 65. The preceding eleven skulls of Native Africans were received A. D. 1842, from Dr. S. M. E. Goheen, for several years physician to the colony of Liberia in Western Africa. [The Golah skull (No. 1093), is remarkable for its massiveness and density. The calvaria is well-formed, expanding fron the frontal region back towards the occiput, which is flat and shelving. The two halves of the os frontis form a double inclined plane, whose summit coincides with the sagittal suture. The basis cranii is full and round, and the mastoid processes large; nasal bones flat, and falling in below the glabella ; orbits large, and widely sepa- HUMAN CRANIA. 95 rated ; malar bones laterally prominent. This latter feature, in conjunction with the double inclination of the os frontis, gives to the head a pyramidal form. The superior maxilla is distinctly everted at the alveolar margin. Another head of the same tribe is longer and narrower, and, in consequence of the flatness of the malar bones, has less of the pyramidal form. — The calvaria of a Pessah skull (No. 1095) is oblong in figure ; the forehead flat, and receding ; superciliary ridges ponderous ; malar bones large and flat; upper jaw everted; lower jaw retracted, occiput pro- tuberant. In a Kroo head (No. 1098), I find the forehead broad and high ; the calvaria regularly arched, and having its greatest diameter between the anterior and inferior parts of the parietalia ; the occipital region flat and shelving downwards and forwards to a small foramen magnum ; mastoid processes large ; face very broad ; malar bones shelving slightly like those of the Eskimo ; inter-orbital space very large; upper jaw slightly everted ; teeth rather small, and vertical ; zygomatic fossae deep. In another Kroo skull, the vertex is flat, the forehead recedent, and the jaws more prognathous. The calvaria of a Dey skull is narrow in front and broad posteriorly, with a flat vertex ; face small, regular, and compact, and, were it not for the projection of the superior alve- olus, might be considered as almost European. The skull of an Eboe (No. 1102), presents characters similar to those just de- tailed. It is chiefly remarkable for the great obliquity of the orbital opening, and the unusual smallness of the mastoid pro- cesses.] 82. 1224. Congo Negro ; a young native. Remarkable for the ab- sence of the coronal, sagittal and lambdoidal sutures. Dr. David Gilbert, 1844. 83. 1107. Hottentot: woman, setat. 35. F. A. 75«. I. C. 68. 84. 1244. Hottentot : woman, setat. 40. I. C. 75. 85. 1351. Hottentot : woman, aetat. 25. I. C. 83. The above three Hottentot skulls were sent me by Mr. John Watson, of Cape Town, through Dr. Gavin Watson, 1845-8. 86. 1358. Kaffeb skull : man, aetat. 50. I. C. 80. From Mr. John Watson, through Dr. G. Watson. 87. 1360. Cast of a Kaffer skull. Prof. Retzius. 88. 238. Cast of the skull of a Bosjie woman. Presented by Mr. Harlan. [The three Hottentot heads are long, compressed anteriorly; fore- heads low ; the whole face small and prognathous, the slope, from 96 CATALOGIIE OF the glabella to the upper alveolus, being continuous ; the occipital region protuberant. Only one of these heads approximates the pyramidal form. The two Kaffir skulls are characterized by high, peaked foreheads ; the sagittal suture marked by a prominent ridge, and the calvaria pyramidal in form.] 3. Hovahs. {Case 13.) 1. 1306. HovAH of Madagascar : man, setat. 25. I. C. 82. 2. 1307. HovAH of Madagascar : man, astat. 40. I. C. 83. These two Hovah skulls were procured by Lieut. Isaac G. Strain, U. S. N., at Majunga, Bembatooka Bay, on the west coast of Madagascar, A. D. 1846. The Hovahs, who constitute the ruling caste of this island, are a black race closely allied to the Kaffers. They are more or less blended with the Arabs, Hindus and Malays, but not to such a degree as to materially affect their national traits or their peculiar language, as Mr. Crawfurd has shown, [These two Hovah skulls have the base long and narrow, the vertex flat, the orbits narrow and high, and the superior maxillae promi- nent.] ly. ALFOPJAN RACE. Australians. (Case 13.) The following three native Australian skulls were presented to me A. D. 1849, by Dr. Charles Nicholson, of Sydney, New South "Wales. 1. 1450. AusTEALiAN woman, setat. 40. I. C. 71. 2. 1451. Native Australian man, from Mount Abrupt, in the Australian Grampians. JEtat 50. I. C. 83. 3. 1452. Native Australian woman, setat. 40. I. C. 63. 4. 1327. Australian of Port St. Philip, New South Wales. This man, whose name wasDurabub, was killed in a fray after having himself killed two savages of a hostile tribe, A. D. 1841. His skull is the nearest approach to the Orang type that I have seen. JEt2it. 40. I. C. 81. [It is a truly animal head. The forehead is exceedingly flat and re- cedent, while the prognathism of the superior maxillary almost degenerates into a muzzle. The alveolar arch, instead of being HUMAN CRANIA. 97 round or oval in outline, is nearly square. The whole head is elongated and depressed along the coronal region, the basis cranii AUSTKALIAN (132Y). flat, and the mastoid processes very large and roughly formed. The immense orbits are overhung by ponderous superciliary ridges. This latter feature is still more evident in No. 1451 of the Collection, which, though varying somewhat in type, presents in general the same brutal appearance.] 5. 1328. Native Australian boy, about 16 years old, native of Port St. Philip, at which place he was hanged for murder. I. C. 82. Procured in Calcutta by my friend Dr. Chas. Huffnagle, and by him presented to me, A. D. 1847. 6. 1261 ■ New Hollander, of a tribe near the Goulbourn settlement : man, aetat. 60. I. C. 81. 7. 1262, New Hollander, from a tribe of the Goulbourn settlement, killed in an affray with the people of another tribe : woman, aetat. 55. I. C. 75. The two preceding skulls were sent me by Charles Nicholson, M. !>., of Sydney, in Australia, 1845. See Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, for December, 1845. 1289. Native of New Holland : man, aetat. 60. I. C. 65. From J. W. Wilton, Esq., Gloucester, England, 1846. 239. Fragment of the skull of a New Hollander. Australian : man, from Moreton Bay. Australian : woman, from Moreton Bay. Oceanic Negroes. 1. 435. Oceanic Negro, from the Indian Archipelago : woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 77. Dr. Doornik. 2. 1343; Tasmanian, of Van Diemen's land (?) of the Indian Archipelago ; setat. 35. I. C. 76. 7 8. 9. 10. 11. 240. 241. Oceanic Ne^ro 98 CATALOGUE OF VI. MIXED RACES. Copts. {Case 14.) 1. 759i Copt from a Convent near Cairo, on the road to Abersabei : woman, aetat. 20. F. A. 78°. I. C. 77. Crania .^gyptiaca. page 57. From G. R. Gliddon, Esq., late United States Consul for the City of Cairo. 2. 760. Coptic child, a year old. Obtained with No. 759. 761. Copt of Lower Egypt : man, ^tat. 40. F. A. 8 P. I. C. 85. Obtained with No. 759. [Dr. Morton describes No. 761 as elongated, narrow, but other- wise mediately developed in front, with great breadth and fulness in the whole posterio^^" region. The nasal bones, though prominent, are broad, short, and concave, and the upper jaw is everted. There is also a remarkable distance be- tween the eyes. See Crania JEgyptiaca, p. 57.]] 4. 795. Skull exhumed from the front of the First or Northern Brick Pyramid of Dashour, Memphite necropolis, by Mr. Ferring, Civil Engineer. Blends the Coptic with' the Egyptian form. F. A. 76°. I. C. 75. Crania ^gyptiaca, page J. For an engraving of this skull, see page 39. HUMAN CRANIA. 99 5. 786. Skull sent me from Old Cairo, in Egypt, by Mr. Gliddon, who knew nothing of its history. A eunuch ? setat. 40. I. C. 77. Negroid Egyptians. 1. 800. Negroid form : head of a child. 2. 835. Negroid form : woman of 30, with long, coarse hair. F. A. 73^. I. C. 71. Crania .^gyp- tiaca, plate 4, fig. 3. Nos. 800 and 835 are from G. K. Gliddon, Esq. 3. 852, Negroid Egyptian : man, setat. 50. F. A. 75°. I. C. 77. Crania JEgyptiaca, page 17. 4. 857. Egyptian blended with the Negro form ? Hair fine, F. A. 77°. I. C. 83. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 7, fig. 3. 0. 858i Negroid Egyptian : man, getat. 60. F. A. 77°. I. C. 87. Crania -•Egyptiaca, page 17. Nos. 852, 857 and 858 are from M. Clot Bey. 6. 864. Negroid Egyptian : woman, eetat. 40. F. A. 75^. I. C. 77. Crania ^gyptiaca, page 17. 7. 869. Negroid Egyptian : man, jetat. 50. F. A. 76°. I. C. 88. Crania .-.^gyptiaca, page 17. 874. Egyptian and Negro form ? child of ten years. 885. Negroid form : woman, astat. 40. F. A. 76^. I. C. 77. Crania -^gyptiaca, page 17. Nos. 864, 869, 874 and 885 are from G. R. Gliddon, Esq. 10. 1238, Mummied head from Egypt. Negroid form ; hair long, coarse and curling. Dr. C. Pickering. 1845. 11. 1239. Mummied head from Egypt. Negroid form ? man, atat. 50. I. C. 75. Dr. Charles Pickering. 1845. 8. 9. 100 CATALOGUE OP 12. 1294i Embalmed head from the Grottoes of Maabdeh. Negroid form (mixed Negro and Egyptian) ■with short frizzled hair : man, aetat. 50. From A. C. Harris, Esq., of Alexandria, in Egypt^ A. D. 1846. Nuhians. 1. 787. Modern Nubian? Nation uncertain. From Old Cairo. Woman, setat. 30. I. C. 80. 2. 839. Nubian form? man, stat. 50. F. A. 78o. I. C. 74. Thebes. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 3. 3. 888. Nubian form ? man, stat. 35. I. C 85. Crania -^gyp- tiaca, page 14. Nos. 787 to 888 from G. R. Gliddon, Esq. Nubian? (888). 4. 242. Cast of a Nubian skull. From the late Dr. Harlan's col- lection. Presented by Mr. Harlan. Hispano- Peruvians. 1. 50. CnoLO, or Hispano-Peruvian ? From the church vault at Old Callao, into which were thrown the dead bodies of the Royal- ist garrison of San Philippo, A. D. 1825. I. C. 96. Dr. H. S. Rennolds, U. S. Navy. 2. 61. Cholo, or Hispano-Peruvian ? setat. 50. I. C. 95. Dr. H. S. Rennolds, U. S. Navy. Hispan o-In dian. 1. 690. Mexican soldier, with a cicatrised sabre wound of the os HUMAN CRANIA. 101 frontis. Mixed Indian and Spaniard ? setat. 30. Slain at San Jacinto, Texas. I. C. 81. J. J. Audubon, Esq. Negroid Indians. 1. 408, Choctaw and Negro? I. C. 79. Dr. Wilson, wlio dis- sected this man, considered him a full-blooded Choctaw j but the skull strongly indicates a mixture of the Negro. 2. 636. Sambo : mixed race of Venezuela Indian and Negro : man, setat. 40. I. C 81. Ex-President Vargas, of Caraccas. 3. 982. Mixed Negro and Indian ? I. C. 78. Malay 0- Chinese. 1. 1342. Malayo-Chinese of the Island of Java : man, setat. 30. I. C. 84. Presented by Dr. Mead, through Dr. John Watson, of New York, 1847. Mulattoes. 1. 1234. Mulatto ? man, aetat. 50, with an anchylosed fracture and displacement of the left occipital condyle. Dr. Edward Hallowell. 2,. 1319. Skull of John Voorhees, a Mulatto porter, born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, and died of consumption in the Blockley Hospital, November 5, 1846, aged 35 years. About an hour be- fore his death, he called the nurse to him and confessed as follows : That eighteen or twenty years before, having a hatred against another boy of his own color, two years younger than himself, he strangled and killed him. After committing the murder he be- came alarmed, and placed the dead body in a chair near the win- dow, hoping to revive it. He then fled ; and not having been seen to enter the house was never suspected of the murder ; and the boy, being found dead in the chair, was supposed to have died of apo- plexy. I have these facts and the skull from my friend Dr. Adol- phus L. Heerman. VII. LUNATICS AND IDIOTS. ((7ase 14.) 1. 9. Negro Idiot, jetat. 60. I. C. 70. 2. 10. Anglo-American boy : hydrocephalous, aged 8 years. 3. 14. Anglo-American Lunatic : woman, aetat. 45. F. A. 80®. I. C. 85. 1880. 102 CATALOGUE OP i. 17. Mulatto Lunatic. Died of religious mania, 1831. Man, getat. 22. I. C. 77. 5. G. 36. Anglo-American Idiot : man, setat. 40. I. C. 81. 45. Anglo-American Lunatic, for several years confined in the cells of the Philadelphia Hospital. I. C. 91. 55. Negro Lunatic, astat. 40. I. C. 89. 57. Lunatic Irishman, (Celt) ^tat. 40. F. A. 79^. I. C. 82. 58. German Lunatic : man, getat. 70. I. C. 87. 62. Lunatic Englishman, aged 30 years. L C. 92. 1833. 53. Negro Lunatic, Died in the Philadelphia Hospital, A. D. 1832, aged 65 years. I. C 84. 64. Mulatto Lunatic : woman, aetat. 18. I. C. 76. Died of Cholera, A. D. 1832. 431. Malay Idiot of Amboyna : man, aetat. 30. I. C 74. From Dr. Doornik. 458. Anglo-American female ; an Idiot from birth. Died Sep- tember, 1836, setat. 70. I. C. 03. Dr. Henry S. Patterson. 15. 551. Idiot : European, aetat. 30. I. C. 79. From Dr. Door- nik's collection. Presented by Dr. Jones, of New Orleans. 16. 841. Idiotic head from Thebes : man, with fine hair. F. A. 65^ ? Crania ^gyptiaca, page 16. ^ . 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Idiot (841). 17. 863. Head of an Idiot : man, aetat. 40. Crania yEgyptiaca, page 16. 18. 988. Dutch Idiot, deaf and dumb : man, stat. 30. I. C. 96.5. Dr. W. B. Casey, of Middletown, Connecticut. 19. 243. Skull of an Idiotic Negress, of a most remarkable charac- HUMAN CRANIA. 103 ter. Presented by Mr. B. H. Warden, wliile these sheets were passing through the press. YIII. SKULLS ILLUSTRATIVE OF aROWTH. (^Case 15.) 1. 65. Skull of a child born at the seventh month. Dr. P. B. Goddard. 2. 66. Child six months old. Dr. Groddard. 3. 419. Head at the full period of utero-gestation. 4. 709. Skull of a foetus at the sixth month of utero-gestation. 5. 1211. Cranium of a child five months old. 6. 1212. Cranium of a child nine months old. 7. 1213. Cranium of a child eight months old. 31iscellaneous and Uncertain. . 1. 244. Cranium phrenologically marked, according to. Dr. Spurz- heim. From Dr. W. S. W. Ruschenberger. 2. 245. Cranium phrenologically marked. 1-11, Eleven unclassified crania. 1045 Total. It will be seen that this total differs from that given on page 16 This discrepancy is due to the incorporation of several skulls received vyhile these sheets were passing through the press. (See page 52, note, and page 102, No. 243). INDEX. Page. Abyssinian, (No. 1361) 36 Affghan, (No. 1333) 31 Africans, Native, (Nos. 12, 114,237,238,421 to 423, 580,640,645 to 648, 823, 898,901 to 929, 958 to 981, 993, 994, 1093 to 1103, 1107, 1224, 1244, 1245, 1351, 1358, 1360).. 91-6 Alexandrian Egyptians, (Nos. 1266 to 1268) 40 Alforian Race, (See Australians) 96 Amboyna Malays, (Nos. 430, 459, 1338) 53 America, Central, Barbarous Tribes of, (Nos. 990, 1050, 1061) 73 " North, « " 56 * » South, " " 73 " " Indians from Mounds in, (Nos. 1242, 1243) 74-5 American Group 56 American Indians from various sources, (Nos. 53, 211, 215 to 220, 416, 736, 992, 1236, 1237, 1270 to 1272, 1287, 1288, 1315, 1455, 1510 to 1512, 1557) 68-73 Anglo- American Race 25 Anglo-Americans, (Nos. 7, 24, 88, 98, 552, 724, 899, 1108) 25-6 Anglo-Saxon Race , 24 Arabs, (Nos. 780, 781, 784) 34 Araucanians (Nos. 120, 221 to 224, 651, 652, 654 to 656, 995, 997) 73-4 Arican Peruvians, (See Peruvians) 76-8 Arickarees, (Nos. 649, 748, 949) 56 Armenians, (Nos. 789 to 794) 30 Assinaboins, (Nos. 659, 1230, 1231) 56 Australians, (Nos. 239 to 241, 1261, 1262, 1289, 1327, 1328, 1450 to 1452) 96-7 Ayras, (Nos. 712, 713, 1329 to 1332, 1334, 1335) 45 Aztec Mexicans, (Nos. 734, 735) 87 Barbarous Tribes of North America 56 Bassa Negroes, (Nos. 646 to 648) 92 106 INDEX. « Page. Bengalees, (Nos. 4, 5, 6, 8, 19, 20, 25, 28, 29, 31, 32, 49, 51, 83, 101, 111, 410, 411, 413, 432, 442 to 444, 547, 553, 554, 655, 948, 1047, 1309 to 1312, 1344, 1554) 45-7 Benguella Negro, (No. 421) 91 Berber Race 35 Black-foot Indians, (See Cotonays) 57 Borneo Malays, (Nos. 425, 1186) 53 Bosjie, (No. 238) 95 Brahmin, (No. 330) 45 Brazilians, (Nos. 1254, 1513, 1528 to 1530, 1555, 1556) 76 British soldier, (?) (No. 21) 26 Burat Mongol, (No. 1355) 48 Burgundian, Ancient, (No. 1533) 24 Burmese soldiers, (Nos. 666, 667) 47 Calapooyah, (No. 574) 63 Californian Indians, (Nos. 1514, 1565) 68 Catacombs of Paris, Skulls from, (Nos. 661 to 664) 27 Caucasian Group 19 Cayuga Indian, (No. 417) 72 Celtic Race, (See Irish) 26 Central Americans 73 Oharibs, (Nos. 225, 638, 692) 75-6 Chayenne Indian, (No. 1041) 72 Chechemecan, (No. 1005) ^ Chemesyan Indian, (No. 987) 72 Cherokees, (Nos. 632 to 635, 1285, 1297) 56 Chetimaches, (Nos. 43, 70) 57 Chimuyan Indian, (No. 11) 86 Chinese, (Nos. 3, 56, 94, 426, 427, 550, 669, 670, 1336, 1526, 1527) 47-8 Chinooks, (Nos. 203, 457, 462, 578, 641, 721, 1349, 1350) 57 Chippeways, (Nos. 683, 684) 57 Choctaw Indian, (No. 22) 72 Cimbric Dane, (No. 1362) 20 Cimbric Swedes, (Nos. 1532, 1550) 20 Circassians, (Nos. 762 to 765) 29-30 Clatsaps, (Nos. 203, 575) 57, 64 Clickitats, (Nos. 207, 461) 63 Congo Negro, (No. 1224) 95 Copts, (Nos. 759 to 761, 786, 795) 98 Cotonay Indians, (Nos. 744, 745, 1227) 57-8 Creeks, (Nos. 441, 579, 751, 1454) 58 Crow Indians, (See Upsarookas) 68 Dacotas, (Nos, 112, 204, 605) 58-9 Dane, Cimbric, (No. 1362) 20 Deformed Mexican skull, (No. 1353) 89 INDEX. 107 Page. Delaware Indians, (See Lenapes) 59 Dey Negroes, (Nos. 640, 1100) 92,94 Djogocarta Javanese, (No. 428) 53 Dutchman, (No. 434) 23 Dyaks, (Nos. 1523, 1525) 54 Eboes, (Nos. 1101, 1102) 94 Egyptians, Alexandrian, (Nos. 1266 to 1268) 40 Egyptians from Gizeh, (Nos. 1194 to 1209) 41 " " Maabdeh, (Nos. 833, 834, 836, 1292) 42 " " Memphis, (Nos. 769, 191, 805, 806, 809, 810, 811, 813, 816, 819, 820, 1223, 1235, 1291, 1519 to 1522, 1524) 39-40 " " Pits atKoum Ombos, (Nos. 830 to 832) 41-2 " Negroid, 99-100 " from Thebes, (Nos. 48, 60, 843, 844, 846 to 849, 851, 853, 854, 855, 860 to 862,866, 867, 871, 872, 876 to 878, 880 to 883, 886 to 889, 894, 1044, 1290,1293,1295) "^6-9 " " other sources, (Nos. 802, 803, 822, 1240, 1317) 42 Englishmen, (Nos. 59, 80, 539, 991) 24-5 Eskimos, (Nos. 200, 674 to 679, 1558 to 1563) 50-2 Euchee Indian, (No. 39) 72 Explanatory Note 3 Fellahs, (Nos. 499, 766 to 776, 778, 779, 782, 783, 785, 788, 999) 42-3 Finland Swedes, (Nos. 1545, 1546) 20 Finnish Race 21 Finns, Swedish, (Nos. 1542 to 1544) 20-1 Finns, True, (Nos. 1252, 1259, 1534 to 1541) 21-2 Fox Indians, (See Ottigamies) 65 Fuke-luste-Hadjo Indian, (No. 729) 67 Guanche, (No. 23) 35 Gee-Foo Malay, (No. 1316) 53 Gentoo Indians, (Nos. 1555, 1556) 76 Gepepscot Indian, (See Penobscots) 65 Germans, (Nos. 37, 706, 1060, 1062 to 1064, 1187 to 1191) 22-3 Gizeh Egyptians, (Nos. 1194 to 1209) 41 Golah Negroes, (Nos. 1093, 1094) 94 Grabbo Negro, (No. 615) 92 Grseco-EgyptianS; (Nos. 798, 799, 801, 804, 808,812,814, 815, 817, 821 824, 825, 837, 838, 840, 850, 856, 859, 868, 873, 875, 884, 893) 31-3 Greek, (No. 1354) 29 Gros-ventre Indians, (See Minetari) 61 Guaycuru Indian, (No. 1530.).. 76 I 108 INDEX. Page. Hebrews, (Nos. SOT, 818, 842, 845, 865, 870, 8t9, 1299) 34-5 Hindoos, (See Ayras and Bengalees) 44-7 Hispano-Peruvians, (Nos. 50, 61) 100 Hispano-Indian, (No. 690) 101 Hottentots, (Nos. 1107, 1244, 1351) 95 Hovahs, (Nos. 1306, 1307) 96 Hurons, (Nos. 15, 607, 1217, 1218) 59 Hyperborean Race 48 Idiots, (See Limaties) 101 Illinois Indians, (Nos. 1010, 1042) 59 Indians from Steubenville Cave, (Nos. 210, 420, 436 to 439, 658, 723)... 69 Indo-Chinese Race 47 Indostanic Race 44 Introduction 13 Irish, (Nos. 18, 42, 52, 985, 986, 1186, 1356) 26-7 Iroquois, (Nos. 16, 119, 989) 59 Japanese, (No. 668) 48 Jayanese Malays, (See Malays) 53 Kaffers, (Nos. 1358, 1360) 95 Kalmuck, (No. 1553) 49 Kamskatkan (No. 725) 48 Kanakas of Oahu, (Nos. 564, 695) 54-5 " Sandwich Islands, (Nos. 565, 566, 572, 1300, 1308) 54-5 Kenhawha, (No. 212) 72 Kens or Ancient Nubians, (Nos. 826 to 829) 41 Killemook, (No. 576) 64 Klatsoni, (No. 577) 64 Kowalitsk, (No. 573) 63 Kroomen, (Nos. 1098, 1099) 94 Laplanders, (Nos. 1248, 1250, 1257, 1551, 1552) 50 Lenapes or Delawares, (Nos. 40, 115, 118, 205, 206, 418, 568, 1263 to 1265) 59-60 Lipan Indians, (Nos. 1345, 1346) 89 Loo-Choos, (Nos. 672, 673) 48 Lunatics and Idiots, (Nos. 9, 10, 14, 17, 36,45, 55, 57, 58, 62 to 64, 243, 431, 458, 551, 841, 863, 988) 101-2 Maabdeh Egyptians, (Nos. 833,834, 836, 1292) 42 Macua Negro, (No. 580) 92 Malayan Race 52 Malayo-Chinese, (No. 1342) 101 Malays of Amboyna, (Nos. 430, 459, 1338) 63 " Bally, (No. 47) 53 INDEX. 109 Page. Malays of Borneo, (No3. 425, 1186) 53 " Ceylon, (No. 495) 53 « Gee-Foo, (No. 1316) 53 « Java, (Nos. 46, 428, 545, 1341) 53 " Macassar, (Nos. 429, 546, 1340) 53 " Madura, (Nos. 201, 424, 1339) 53-4 " Malacca, (No. 460) 53 " Singapore, (No. 1337) 53 " Sumbawa, (No. 433) 54 « Tagelos, (No. 41) 52 " from other sources, (Nos. 543, 544) 53 Mandans, (Nos. 643, 644, 738 to 742) 60 Marquesas Islander, (No. 1531) 55 Massasauga, (No. 27) 72 Maya Indian, (No. 990) 73 Memphite Egyptians, (Nos. 796, 797,805, 806, 809 to 811, 813, 816, 819, 820, 1223, 1235, 1291, 1519 to 1522, 1524) 39-40 Menominees, (Nos. 35, 44, 78, 454, 563, 1220, 1222) 60 Mexican Family 87 Mexicans, Ancient, (Nos. 234, 682, 1314) 89 " Modern, (Nos. 555 to 558, 689, 722, 1347, 1515) 90 « of the Aztec nation, (Nos. 734,735) 87 " Chechemecan, (No. 1005) 88 " of the Otomie nation, (Nos. 1000 to 1003, 1323) 88 " from Otumba,(Nos. 714to716) 88 '< of the Fames tribe, (Nos. 681, 1313) 89 " from Pimos Tillage, (No. 1566) 89 « " Tacuba, (Nos. 717 to 720) 88 " of the Tlahuica tribe, (No. 34) 87 « of Tlascala, (No. 1004) 88 « of Tlatilocolo, (No. 1226) 89 Miamis, (Nos. 106, 407, 541, 542, 1052 to 1058, 1233) 61 Micco-Sukie Indian, (No. 733) 67 Midianites, (Nos. 671, 1296) 34 Mina Negro, (No. 422) 91 Minetaris, (Nos. 650, 746, 747,749) 61 Mingo Indian, (No. 455) 72 Mixed Races 98 Mohawks, (Nos. 895 to 897) 61 Mongolian Group 47 Mozambique Negroes, (Nos. 237, 423, 1245) 91 Mulattoes, (Nos. 1234, 1319) 101 Muskogee, (No. 579) 58 Naas Indians, (Nos. 213, 214) 72 Nanticoke Indian, (No. 1219) 72 Narragansets, (Nos. 693, 950 to 957, 1040) 61-2 110 INDEX. y Page. Natchez, (Nos. 102, HOG) 62 Xaticks, (Nos. 103, 104, 107, 110,401) 62-3 Naumkeag ladian, (No. 567) 72 Negro Group 90 Negroes born in America, (Nos. 1, 2, 69, 74, 235, 236, 548, 549, 900, 983, 984, 1301, 1302, 1318, 1320, 1321)... 90-1 Negroes, Oceanic, (Nos. 435, 1343) 97 Negroid Egyptians, (Nos. 800, 835, 852, 857, 858,864, 869, 874, 885, 1238, 1239, 1294) 99-100 Negroid Indians, (Nos. 408, 636, 982) 100-101 New Hollanders 97 New Zealanders, (Nos. 202, 680, 1324, 1325) 55 Nilotic ^&ce, (^See Uffi/ptians) 35 Nisqually Indian, (No. 208) 64 Norwegian, (No. 1260) 19 Nubians, (Nos. 242,787, 839, 888) 100 Ombite Egyptians, (Nos. 830 to 832) 41-2 Oneida Indian, (No. 33) 72 Oregon Tribes 57-63 Osages, (Nos. 54, 660) 64 Ostrogoth, (No. 1255) 20 Otoes, (Nos. 755 to 758) , 65 Ottawas, (Nos. 1006 to 1009) 65 Ottigamies, (Nos. 209, 415, 639, 694) , 65 Parsees or Persian fire-worshippers, (Nos. 731, 743) 30 Patagonians, (Nos. 226, 1357, 1359) 76 Pawnees, (Nos. 540, 1043) 65 Pelasgic Race 28 Penobscots, (Nos. 89, 105) 65 Peruvians from Arica, (Nos. 67, 227, 496, 1045, 1275 to 1284, 1363 to 1368) 76-8 " " Callao, (Nos. 233, 447, 448) 87 " " Lima and its vicinity, (Nos. 68, 91, 231, 412, 414, 452, 576) 86 " " Pachacamac, (Nos. 13, 30, 75 to 77, 84 to 87, 90 to 92, 93, 95 to 97, 99, 100, 108, 228, 229, 230, 400, 402 to 406, 409, 446, 450, 453, 541, 562, 568, 570, 571, 631, 642, 685 to 688, 696, 697, 699, 750, 752, 947, 1042, 1059, 1104, 1225, 1232, 1241, 1453, 1456 to 1483, 1489 to 1509) , 83 " " Pisco, (Nos. 38, 72, 445, 497, 498, 630, 996, 1 048, 1061, 1221, 1269, 1326, 1369 to 1376, 1406 to 1445, 1484, 1485) 83- INDEX. Ill Page. Peruvians from Santa, (Nos. 71, 73, 79, 81,82,109, 449, 569) 85-6 " " Titicaca, CoracoUa and other places, (Nos. 11, 113, 232, 451, 637, 700 to 705, 710, 711, 1046, 1348, 1517, 1518) 86-7 Pessah Negroes, (Nos. 1095 to 1097) 94 Phoenicia,!!, (No. 1352) 28 Phrenologically marked crania 103 Pocasset Indian, (No. 1036) 72 Polynesia!! Race 54 Potawatomies, (Nos. 657, 736, 737, 1322) 65 Prussians, (Nos. 1065, 1066, 1192, 1193) 24 Puelche, (No. 1359) 76 Qu'ichua Indian, (No. 637) 86 Quinnipiack Indian, (No. 26) 7i '7 Roman, (No. 1049) 29 Root-digger Indians, (See Shoshones) 6^ F.*> Saparoua 5 Sauks, (Nos. 561, 1039, 1246) '. 66 Scandinavian Race 19 Sclavonians, (Nos. 1251, 1253) 28 Seminoles, (Nos. 456, 604, 698, 707, 708, 726 to 730, 732, 733, 754, 1105, 1286, 1556) 66-7 Semitic Race 34 Seneca Indian, (No. 1516) 72 Sepoy 45 Shawnees, (Nos. 440, 606, 691,1210) 67 Shoshones (Nos. 1446 to 1449) 67-K Singalpse 53 Sioux Indians, (See Dacoias) 58 Skull from the field of Waterloo 27 Skulls illustrative of growth 103 Suevic R;icc 22 Swedes, (Nos. 117, 1247, 1249, 1258, 1486 to 1488) 19 " Cimbric, (Nos. 1532, 1550) 20 « fiom Finland, (Nos. 1545, 1546) 20 «' " Sudermanland, (Nos. 1547 to 1549) 20 Swedish Finns, (Nos. 1542 to 1544) 20-1 Tapuyo Indian, (No. 1254) 76 Tasmania!!, (No. 1343) 97 Theban Egyptians, (See Egyptians) 36-9 Thuggs (Nos. 712, 713) 45 Toltecau tlace 76 112 INDEX. Page. Trucky Indian, (No. 1446) 67 Turranic Swede, (No. 121)... 20 Unclassified crania 103 Upsarookas, (Nos, 1228, 1229) 68 Winnebagos, (Nos. 559, 560) 68 Yamassees, (Nos. 1214 to 1216) 68 1 ACT OF INCORPORATION AS D BY-LAWS OF THE t nhnii) of UatoEl ^ticnccs OP PHILADELPHIA PHILADELPHIA: MERRIHEW & THOMPSON, PRINTERS. • 1857. AN ACT TO INCORPORATE THE ACADEMY OF NATUEAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. Whereas it is represented to the Legislature that a number of per- sons have formed a Society in Phihxdelphia for the encouragement and cultivation of the Sciences, by the name of " The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia," as a Society devoted entirely to the advancement of useful learning, and in order that the purposes thereof may be carried into better effect, Therefore, Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- tives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That all such persons as now are members of said Society, according to its rules heretofore adopted, or that hereafter may become members of the same, agreeably to its rules and regulations, be and they are hereby incorporated into a Society by the name of " The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia," and by that name shall have perpetual succession, with power to have a common seal, and change the same at pleasure, to make contracts relative to the said institution, to sue and be sued, and by that name and style be capable, in law, of pur- chasing, taking, holding, and conveying any estate, real or personal, for the use of said corporation : Provided, that the annual income of such estate shall not exceed in value eight thousand dollars, nor be applied to any other purposes than those for which this corporation is formed. Sect. 2. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid. That the Society may establish By-Laws and orders for its government and regulation, and for the preservation and application of the funds thereof; Provided the same be not repugnant to the Constitution and Laws of the United States, or of this Commonwealth. Sect. 3. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the Society shall consist of members and correspondents ; and candi- dates for admission shall be elected under such rules, and upon such terms, as the Society shall establish ; aliens shall enjoy the full rights of members or correspondents in the Society ; but members only shall have the right of voting, of holding offices, and of transacting busi- ness; and correspondents shall have the privilege of attending the meetings, and visiting the museum. Sect. 4. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the officers of the Society shall be a president, two vice-presidents, a corresponding secretary, a recording secretary, a treasurer, a librarian, and four curators, whose respective duties may be assigned by the By- Laws of the said Society, and they shall be elected at the last stated meeting of the Society in December in each year, and if any office should become vacant, it may be supplied by a special election, until the annual election then ensuing ; and until the next annual election for officers in the month of December, one thousand eight hundred and seventeen, the present officers are hereby vested with power to perform the duties prescribed by the existing rules of the Society, unless there be intermediate vacancies, and then the officer or officers to be elected shall have the full power of his or their predecessors. Sect. 5. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That if the annual election for officers shall not be held at the stated day, the said corporation shall not be thereby dissolved, but the officers shall continue in office until a new election. REES HILL, * Speaker of the House of Representatives. ISAAC WEAVER, Sjjeaker of the Senate. Approved the twenty-fourth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and seventeen. SIMON SNYDER. Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, Harrisburg, April 25th, 1817. I certify that the above and foregoing is a true copy of the original law remaining on file in this office. Witness my hand and seal. JAMES TRIMBLE, [l. s.] Deputy Secretary. BY-LAWS OF THE ACADEMY OP NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. CHAPTER I. Akt. I. The Society shall be called The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Art. II. The Society shall consist of members and correspondents. Art. III. The right of voting, of holding offices, and of transact- ing business, lies solely with the members : correspondents have the privilege of attending the meetings, and of visiting the museum. Art. IV. The common seal of the Society shall be the title of the association, surrounding the words, Instituted, 1812. Incorporated, 1817. Art. V. The Academy shall grant to each member and corre- spondent a certificate of membership, as follows : The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia has elected a member of their association, this day of Correspond. Sec. pi s T President. Record. Sec. Vice-President. Art. VI. The hall of the Academy shall be used for the purposes of the Society only. Art. VII. The officers of the Academy shall be a President, two Vice-Presidents, a Recording Secretary, a Corresponding Secretary, a Treasurer, a Librarian, and four Curators, who shall be elected at the last stated meetino; in December. CHAPTER II. ELECTION OF MEMBERS AND CORRESPONDENTS. Art. I. All candidates for admission into the Academy, "wlietlier as members or correspondents, must be proposed in writing by two members at a meeting of business, and be balloted for at the meeting of business next succeeding ; the affirmative votes of three-fourths of the members present shall be necessary to elect a candidate. Art. II. No person residing in Philadelphia can be chosen a cor- respondent ; nor shall any correspondent continue such after he shall have removed permanently to Philadelphia. In such case a re-election is not necessary, but the correspondent becomes liable for the semi- annual contributions, and is entitled to all the privileges of a member. Art. III. No person shall be entitled to the privileges of member- ship until he shall have paid the fee of initiation (except in cases of correspondents removing to the city), and signed the following obliga- tion : In becoming a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, I promise to conform myself to its constitution, laws, and regulations, and in testimony thereof I do hereunto subscribe my name. Art. IV. If any member elect shall not sign the above declaration, and pay the fee of initiation within six months from the date of his election into the Society, the said election may be declared null and void by a majority of the members present at any meeting of business. Art. V. If any person shall be balloted for and rejected, or his name withdrawn previous to the ballot, no note of said rejection or withdrawal shall be made on the minutes of the Academy. Ar /^I. No person thus rejected shall again be proposed before the e: ition of one year; nor shall any one whose name has been withdr a previous to the ballot, be again ^oposed before the expira- tion of oix months from said withdrawal. CHAPTER III. CONTRIBUTIONS AND PAYMENTS. Art. I. Every member elect shall pay to the treasurer an initiation fee of five dollars. Art. II. Every member shall be subject to a semi-annual contri- bntion of five dollars, payable at the last stated meeting in June and December. Art. III. But any member who shall pay into the hands of the treasurer the sum of one hundred dollars, shall be exempt from all future semi-annual contributions. Art. IV. The Academy may, as a mark of distinction, exempt any member from his contributions, provided it be proposed at one meet- ing of business, lie on the table for one month, and all the members present at the subsequent meeting of business agree thereto. Art. V. Every member who shall be absent from the city during the space of six or more months, may be exonerated from the pay- ment of his dues accruing during his absence. Art. VI. No member shall be entitled to vote at the annual elec- tion for officers, unless he can exhibit to the tellers a receipt in full for all his arrearages due to the Academy. Art. VII. No pecuniary contributions shall be required from cor- respondents : but correspondents residing in the United States shall be charged with a diploma fee of five dollars. CHAPTER IV. resignation and expulsion of members. Art. I. Any member shall have leave to resign upon application made therefor, in writing, provided he can produce a certificate from the Treasurer that all arrears due from him to the Society have been discharged. Art. II. Members may be expelled from the Academy for any flagrant act of disrespect to the officers or members of the Academy, or wilful disregard of the Constitution and By-laws. Art. hi. No member shall be •expelled from the Academy unless three-fourths of the members present agree thereto, at least twelve members being present, and then not without having an opportunity of being heard in his own defence. Art. IV. No person thus expelled shall, under any circumstances, be received as a candidate for re-election. CHAPTER V. OF OFFICERS AND THEIR DUTIES. Art. I. The duties of the president are, to occupy the chair at the meetings of the Academy, to preserve good order and decorum, to regulate tlie debates, to nominate the chairman of all committees, other than those specially excepted ; and to call special meetings of the Society at such times as he shall deem necessary, or at the request of five members. Art. II. The duties of the vice-president shall be the same as those of the president during his absence. Art. III. The recording secretary is to take and preserve correct minutes of the proceedings of the Society, to notify all members of their election, and all committees of their appointment, to keep a correct list of the members of the Society, with the date of their election, resignation, or death, to have charge of the common seal of the Academy, and to lay before the Society, at the last stated meet- ing in December, a written report of its transactions during the pre- ceding year. Art. IV. The corresponding secretary is to maintain and conduct the correspondence of the Academy, and to acknowledge all donations made by those who are not members of the Society. He is to notify all correspondents of their election, and to keep a correct list of all such elections, as well as of any deaths, resignations, &c., that may occur, noting the time ; he is also to keep correct copies of all letters written on the business of the Academy, to have the care of the certificates of membership, and to have them filled up, signed, sealed, and forwarded to correspondents, or delivered to members, provided they exhibit to him a receipt from the treasurer that they are not in arrears to the Society, and shall read a minute of his transactions at each meeting for business. Art. V. The duty of the treasurer is to take charge of the funds of the Society, and to attend to the collection and payment of moneys ; but no moneys are to be paid by him except on an order from the auditors. He is to keep a clear and detailed statement of all receipts and expenditures, which is to be laid before the Academy at the last stated meeting in December. Art. VI. The duty of the librarian shall be to attend daily at the Hall from 11 o'clock A. M. to 2i p. M., to take charge of all books belonging to the Academy, under the rules prescribed in Chapter VII, to keep a correct list of all donations or deposits of books, of those missing or lent, and to report on the state of the library at the last stated meeting in December. Art. VII. The curators shall have charge of the Hall of the Academy, purchase all articles wanted, hire janitors, report on what 9 repairs are necessary, and see that they are properly executed ; they shall keep the keys of all cases in the museum, and have charge of it under the rules prescribed in Chapter VIII ; they shall report all additions made to the different departments under their charge, at the last stated meeting in December. Art. VIII. The chairman of the curators shall attend daily at the Hall from 2J p. m. until sunset, to perform the duties of his office. CHAPTER VI. COMMITTEES AND THEIR DUTIES. Art. I. There shall be fifteen standing committees, viz.: 1, the Ethnological committee ; 2, the committee on Comparative Anatomy and General Zoology ; 3, committee on Mammalogy ; 4, on Ornitho- logy ; 5, on Herpetology and Ichthyology ; 6, on Conchology ; 7, on Entomology; 8, on Botany; 9, on Palseontology ; 10, on Geology and Mineralogy ; 11, on Physics ; 12, on the Library ; 13, on the Proceedings ; 14, the Auditors, each to consist of three members ; and 15, the Publication Committee, to consist of five members, whose term of service shall be one year: and all these, except the Auditors and Publication Committee, shall be elected at the last meeting in January of each year. Art. II. The committees of auditors and of publication shall be elected in the same manner and at the same time as the officers of the Academy. Art. III. In appointing all other committees, the president is to nominate the first member of it, who is to nominate a second, the second a third, and in like manner successively, until the number agreed on be completed. ' Art. IV. All committees must report in writing ; and every report must be signed by a majority of the committee offering it. Art. V. All special committees must report at the meeting of business next succeeding their appointment. Art. VI. The committee of auditors shall, in conjunction with the treasurer, have the superintendence of the moneyed concerns of the Academy ; they shall examine all bills, and, if correct, give an order on the treasurer for the amount ; examine the treasurer's books and accounts, keep correct minutes of their proceedings, and report at the last stated meeting in December. Art. VII. The committee of publication shall conduct the publica- 10 tion of the Journal, under the rules prescribed in Chapter IX, and shall report to the Academy at the last stated meeting in December. Art. VIII. The library committee shall, in conjunction with the librarian, have the superintendence of the books belonging to the Society, negotiate all exchanges of duplicates, and keep a correct list of all additions to the library, and report at the last stated meeting in January. Art. IX. The standing committees shall have charge, in conjunc- tion with the curators, of their respective departments, make ex- changes of duplicates, arrange and keep in order all donations and deposits, carefully labelling each article, and keep a correct catalogue of all additions to their respective departments, and report at the last stated meeting in January. CHAPTER VII. LIBRARY. Art. I. All works in the library must be classed according to their subjects. Art. II. The librarian shall keep a correct catalogue of all books belonging to the Society, which shall always be open to the inspection of members. Art. III. There shall be two sets of keys to the cases containing the books, one of which shall be kept by the librarian, and the other by the chairman of the library committee. Art. IV. The library shall be open to the gratuitous admission of the public on as many days and evenings of the week as the funds of the Society will enable them to command the attendance of a Li- brarian. Art. V. Members of the Academy alone shall have free access to the library. All other persons must obtain permission of the libra- rian, and minors under sixteen years of age shall not be permitted to examine any work, except under the immediate supervision of the librarian. Art. VI. The library shall be amply provided with chairs, tables, and writing apparatus, for the convenience of persons desirous to con- sult the books. Art. VII. Members may borrow books, the property of the Aca- demy, from the librarian, on signing a promissory note for jfifty dollars, which shall become void on the book being returned. 11 Art. VIIL But no works shall be loaned from the hall on any account whatever, except those marked with an asterisk (thus *) in the catalogue, unless by an affirmative ballot-vote of three-fourths of the members present when the application is made ; and in the case of deposited books, the written consent of the depositor having been previously obtained ; the name of the borrower and the title of the book to be recorded on the minutes, and security given for its safe return, by note or otherwise, for the full value thereof, according to the estimate of the librarian or the library committee. Art. IX. And whenever the librarian may deem it necessary to withhold the loan of books, permission must be obtained from the Society, two-thirds of the members present agreeing thereto. Art. X. Every book must be returned on the evening of business next succeeding the time at which it was borrowed, under a penalty of twenty-five cents for each week it shall be detained beyond such time. Art. XI. No member shall be allowed to renew the loan of a book if any other member shall be desirous of obtaining it. Art. XII. The librarian and library committee shall be responsible for all works committed to their charge. CHAPTER VIIL MUSEUM. Art. I. No specimen of Natural History contained in the collec- tions of the Academy shall be loaned from the Hall under any pre- tence, or for any purpose whatever. Art. II. The keys of the cases containing the collections shall be kept by the curators and members of the committees attached to the different departments, who alone shall have liberty to open the cases, and shall be responsible for all articles committed to their charge. Art. III. If any member is desirous to inspect more closely the specimens in the collection, for purposes of study or description, he must apply to the curators or the members of the committee on that department. Art. IV. All articles in the museum must be properly labelled as far as practicable, and a catalogue of the articles in each department kept by the committee attached to said department. Art. V. Articles presented to the Academy for the museum must, if possible, be arranged therein before the stated meeting next suc- ceeding their presentation. 12 Art. VI. When a member of the Academy deposits in the museum a sufficient number of articles to fill an entire case, the key of said case shall be at all times at his command. Art. VII. Books or objects of natural history deposited with the Academy shall be returned only on a request of the owners or their representatives, and in all cases a receipt shall be given to the curators on the articles being returned. AAt. VIII. No specimen which is not capable of being arranged in the cabinet shall be received on deposit, unless the sanction of the committee on the department in which the specimen may be classed, and that of the curators, be first reported in writing. Art. IX. The museum of the Academy shall be open to the gra- tuitous admission of the public on the afternoons of Tuesday and Friday from one o'clock until sunset. CHAPTER IX. JOURNAL. Art. I. The committee of publication shall immediately after their election appoint a secretary and treasurer, who shall keep correct minutes of the financial and other concerns of the Journal. Art. II. If any member absent himself from the meetings of the committee for three months, his place may be considered as vacant, and may be supplied by the Academy. Art. III. It shall be the duty of the committee to receive all such papers as have been pronounced worthy of publication by the Aca- demy, to have them published as early as possible, and to follow in the publication, as far as practicable, the order in which they have been reported on. Art. IV. No author shall be permitted to make any other than verbal alterations in a paper while in the hands of the publication committee, without the consent of the Academy, and the committee are not authorized to make any alteration in a paper committed to them without the consent of the author. All alterations proposed (other than verbal) must be read to the Academy. Art. V. Drawings shall be considered the property of the indi- vidual who furnishes them, and shall be returned when called for. Art. VI. It shall be the duty of the publication committee to read the proof-sheets of all papers, and when practicable they shall also be submitted to the author for correction. 13 Art. VII. Where doubts arise as to the expediency of furnishing plates to an essay, the committee shall, as soon as possible, report the case to the Academy. Art. VIII. Every author shall be entitled to an extra copy of the number or numbers in which his papers appear, and on timely appli- cation to the committee, he shall be entitled to twenty extra copies of his paper at the Society's expense. Art. IX. The committees shall be responsible for the cost of pub- lication, and if the expenses exceed the receipts, they shall themselves make up the deficiency, unless, in any special case, the Academy, at a meeting of business and by a vote of three-fourths of the members present, make an appropriation to protect the committee from loss. Art. X. It shall be the duty of the secretary and treasurer of the publication committee to take charge of all papers reported for publi- cation, to keep an account of the number of the Journal printed, of the number presented, and to whom presented, and of those sold, and on hand ; they shall also keep a correct account of the money trans- actions of the committee, receiving all moneys arising from the sale of the Journal, and paying all bills for publishing the same, these having been first approved by the committee. Art. XI. The publication committee shall be authorized to ex- change the Journal for any work which they may deem of sufiicient value. Art. XII. No copy of the Journal shall be presented to any indi- vidual or Society, except by special resolution of the Academy. CHAPTER X. COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. Art. I. All written communications intended for publication,- read before the Academy, shall be referred to special committees, who are to report thereon at the meeting of business next succeeding their appointment. Art. II. All such communications become the property of the Academy, and shall be deposited in the archives after publication ; a copy, however, of any paper read before the Academy may be taken by the author. Art. III. But all written communications, which shall not be deemed fit for publication, may be returned to their authors, if duly requested. 14 CHAPTER XL MEETINGS. Art. I. The stated meetings of the Academy shall be held on Tuesday evening of each week, at hours fixed from time to time by the Academy. No change, however, can be made but after one month's notice, given at a meeting for business. Art. II. The last stated meeting in each month shall be called a Meeting for Business, and shall be appropriated to elections of mem- bers and correspondents, the enacting and altering of laws, the finan- cial concerns of the Society, receiving reports of committees, and in general to all such business as does not appertain to the scientific transactions of the Academy. Art. III. All other stated meetings shall be called Ordinary Meet- ings, and shall be devoted to scientific pursuits. No other business shall be brought forward, except in cases of urgency, and on a vote of two-thirds of the members present. Art. IV. Special meetings may be convened by resolution of the Society, or by public notice from the president, or at the request of five members. Art. V. Six members shall constitute a quorum. Art. VI. Strangers may be introduced at ordinary meetings of the Society. Art. A-'II. The order of business, at ordinary meetings, shall be : 1. Minutes of the last ordinary meeting shall be read. 2. Donations to the museum . shall be received. 3. Donations to the library 4. Written communications to be made. 5. Verbal communications. G. Business called up by special resolution. 7. Rouo;h minutes read. 8. Adjournment. Art. VIII. The order of business, at meetings for business, shall be : 1. Minutes of the last meeting for business shall be read. ' 2. Reports of committees. 3. Corresponding secretary's report. 4. Deferred business. 5. New business. 15 6. Auditor's report of bills examined. 7. Elections. 8. Rouajli minutes read. 9. Adjournment. CHAPTER XII. Art. I. In all such points of order as are not noticed in these By- laws, the Academy is to be governed by the established usages of similar institutions. Art. II. Every proposition to alter or amend these By-laws shall be submitted, in writing, at a meeting for business, and if adopted by the affirmative votes of two-thirds of the members present, it shall be read at the meeting for business next succeeding ; and then, if adopted by the affirmative votes of two-thirds of the members present, it shall be again read at the next succeeding meeting for business, and on receiving the affirmative votes of two^hirds of the members present, it shall become a part of these By-laws ; Provided^ that, at least, twelve members be present at each of the three readings. Art. III. ISio one or more of the By-Laws of this Academy shall be suspended. 16 OFFICERS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, FOR 1857. PRESIDENT. GEORGE ORD. VICE-PRESIDENTS. ROBERT BRIDGES, M. D., ISAAC LEA. CORRESPONDING SECRETARY. JOHN L. LE CONTE, M. D. RECORDING 6ECEETAET. B. HOWARD RAND, M. D. LIBRAKIAN. J. AITKEN MEIGS, M. D. TREASURER. GEORGE W. CARPENTER. CURATORS. JOSEPH LEIDY, M. D., WILLIAM S. VAUX, SAMUEL ASHMEAD, JOHN CASSIN. AUDITORS. ROBERT PEARSALL, SAMUEL ASHMEAD, WILLIAM S. VAUX. LIST OF MEMBEKS AND CORRESPONDENTS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, FROM THE OKIGIN OF THE SOCIETY IN 1812 TO MAECH 1, 1867, MEMBERS OP THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA Names of members known to be deceased are in italics. Names of life mem- bers are preceded by an asterisk (*). Names of members who are not residents of the city, are followed by the letters (N. R.) Names of those who were originally elected correspondents, and became members by removal to the city, are followed by (corres.) The names of those who have resigned, or who have forfeited their mem- bership, are not included. Correspondents are regarded as members, when they become permanent residents in the city. Allinson, N. S., M.D., Dec. 1812. Anthony, Thomas, Jan. 1813. Abert, Col. J. J. (N.R.), Oct. 1828. Alden, Charles Henry, Sune, 183 Y. *Ashmead, Samuel, Sept. 1839. Alien, Nathan, M.D., May, 1841. Ashmead, Samuel B., Jan. 1843. Allen, Wm. H., Aug. 1851. Allen, J. M,, M.D., April, 1852. *Ashhurst, Lewis R., May, 1853. Agnew, Wm. G. E., May, 1853. *Barnes, John, M.D, (N.R.), April, 1812. * Barton, Edward, M.D., Aug. 1815. •*Brown, Moses, Feb. ISlY. *Biddle, Nicholas, Jan. 1818. *Brewer, John M., (corres.), Oct. 1820. Bowen, George T., Nov. 1822. Birch, William r.,Dec. 1823. Bonaparte, Charles L. (N.R.), Feb. 1824. *Bancker, Charles N., April, 1824. *Beck, Charles F., M.D., June, 182T. Betton, Thomas F., M.D., Dec. 1828. Bache, Alex. Dallas (N.R.), Jan. 1829. Bond, Henry, M.D., Jan. 1830. ^•Burrough, Marmaduke, M.D., Nov. 1830. ^Bridges, Robert, M.D., Jan. 1835. Bowie, Thomas L., Dec. 1835. Browne, Peter A., May, 1841. *Baird, S.F. (N.R.) (corres.), Aug. 1842. *Biddle, Alexander, Aug. 1848. Barton, T. Pennant (N.R.), April, 1849. Belknap, Henry (N.R.), May, 1849. *Biddle, Clement, Jr., May, 1850. Brinton, John H., M.D., June, 1851. Burtt, J. L., M.D.,Oct. 1851. *Budd, Chas. H., M.D. (N.R.) Mar. 1852. Boiler, Henry J., April, 1852. Buckley, Ed. S., May, 1852. *Biddle, Henry J., Aug. 1852. Booth, James C, Sept. 1852. *Biddle, Thomas, May, 1853. 20 *Brown, John A., May, 1853. *Brown, David S., May, 1853. *Brown, Joseph D., May, 1853. Bullitt, John C, July, 1853. Biddle, John B., M.D., Dec. 1853. Borda, Eugene (N.R.), Sept. 1854. Barton, Isaac, March, 1855. *Barcroft, Stacy B., July, 1855. Brower, Robert F., M.D., (N.R.) Nov. 1855, Blackwood, Wm., M.D., Jan. 1856. Brasier, Amable J., March, 1856. Boker, Chas. S., M.D., June, 1856. Binney,W. G., Sept. 1856. Correa deSerra, Joseph, Feb. 1814. Coze, Alexander S., Feb. 1815. *CoUi7is,Zaccheus, March, 1815. Cleaver, Isaac, M.D., Jan. 181T. *Clark, Edward (N.R.), Jan. 1817. *Carmalt, Caleb (N. R.), Aug. 1817. *Coates, Benj. H., M.D., April, 1818. ^Carpenter, Geo. W., July, 1825. *Clark, John Y., M.D.,Feb. 1826. * Conrad, Solomon W., March, 1826. Conrad, Timothy A., (N.R.), Jan. 1831. Carson, Joseph, M.D., Oct. 1833. Chase, Eeber, M.D., Aug. 1836. *Clay, Joseph A., Aug. 1837. Camacy William M., March, 1839. *Cresson, Charles C, Sept. 1840. *Cassin, John, Sept. 1842. Curtis, Josiah (N.R.), June, 1843. Cuesta, Fernand de la (N.R.), Nov. 1844. Clemm, Charles, (N.R.) Oct. 1847. *Cope, Caleb, Jan. 1848. *Cooke, John, Jan. 1848. Caldcleugh, Robert A., Nov. 1851. Camac, Wm. M.D., April, 1852. *Claghorn, James L., July, 1852. *CoIlet, Mark W., M.D., Sept. 1852. Corse, James M., M.D., Nov. 1852. *Cresson, JohnC, April, 1853. Collins, Percival, Sept. 1853. Cadwalader, Wm., March, 1855. Clements, Richard, M.D., July, 1855. Caldwell, Jas. E., March, 1856. Cresson, Chas. M., M.D., March, 1856. *Cope, Alfred, July, 1856. Coppe, Henry, Dec. 1856. ^Dohson, Judah, Nov. 1813. Davis, David Jones, iune, 1815. *Dulles, Joseph H., Feb. 1816. *Deitz, Rudolph, Jan. 1821. Durand, Elias, Aug. 1824. Dunn, Nathan (corres.), June, 1828. Davis, Charles, M.D. (N.R.) March, 1842. Darrach, Wm., M.D., May, 1844. , Dundas, James, Airg. 1844. *Dickeson, M. W.,M.D., Oct. 1846. •»Da Costa. J. C, Feb. 1852. Ducachet, Rev. H. W., D.D., April, 1852. *Dunglison, Robley, M.D., Jan. 1853. "Draper, Edmund, May, 1853. Dock, George, M.D., Feb. 1854. Drysdale, Thos. M., M.D., Nov. 1854. Dunlap, Thos., Dec. 1856. Eberle, John, M.D., April, 1819. *Ellmaker, Levi, April, 1829. Elwyn, Alfred L., M.D., Dec. 1831. Evans, Edm. C, M.D. (N.R.), Oct. 1838. *Ellet, Charles, Jr., April, 1842. Emery, Moses H., Sept. 1847. *Edwards, Amory (N.R.), March, 1852. Emerson, G., M.D., Aug. 1853. Ennis, J., Feb., 1857. Frazer, Robert, April, 1814. *Fisher, Joseph, May, 1821. Fisher, Thomas, April, 1824. Foster, Wm. A., Nov. 1833. Foster, Hudson S., S&n. \Q3A. Frazer, John F., Sept. 1835. French, Benj. F. (corres.), Jan. 1843. *Frost, John, Sept. 1844. Foulke, Wm. Parker, Nov. 1849. *Fisher, Jas. C, M.D. (N.R.), July, 180C. Fahnestock, Geo. W., Aug. 1852. *Fisher, Charles Henry, May, 1853. *Farnura, John, May, 1853. *Fisher, J. Francis, May, 1853. *Fell, J. G., May, 1853. Fassitt, Francis, Nov. 1854. Freeman, Wm. H., M.D., Dec. 1854. Forbes, W. S., M.D., Sept. 1856. Francfort, Eug., M.D. (N.R.), Oct. 1856. Fassitt, Louis, Jan. 1857. Fry, J. Reese, Jan. 1857. 21 *Gilliams, Jacob (founder), Jan. 1812. Griffith, R. tJglesfeld, M.D., May, 1815. Godman, John D., July, 1821. Goddard, Paul B., M.D., Feb. 1829. Griscom, Samuel S., Nov. 1830. Gibbons, Wm. P. (N.R.), Nov. 1833. Gumbes, Sam. Wetherill, April, 1834. *Gerhard, Wm. W., M.D., Nov. 1835. Gambel, Wm., M.D., Aug. 1843. Germain, Lewis J. (N. E.), April, 1846. Goddard, Kingston, Rev., Jan. 1848. Grant, Wm. Robertson, M.D., Dec. 1849. Genth, Fred. A., M.D., April, 1852. Greene, Francis V., M.D., Sept. 1852. ^Griffith, Robert E., Sept. 1852. Gardette, E. B., M.D., May, 1853. *Graff, Frederick, May, 1853. *Grigg, John, May, 1853. Guillou, Constant, March, 1854. Geyelin, Emile, Sept. 1854. *Cruex, Jdhn A., Nov. 1854. Gibbs, George (N. R.), Jan. 1856. Garrigues, S. S., M.D., Juhe, 1856. Gobrecht, W. H., M.D., July, 1856. Griffith, Robt. E., M.D., Oct. 1856. Gross, Saml. D., M.D., Dec. 1856. Gorgas, Albert C., M.D., Feb. 1857. * Haines, Reuben. Nov. 1813. *Hare, Robert, M.D., Nov. 1813. Hazard, Saml. (corres.), Jan. 1814. * Harlan, Richard, M.D., Oct. 1815. *Hays, Isaac, M.D., July, 1818. Henlz, N. M. (N.R.), May, 1819. *IIembel, William, Sept. 1824. *Hering, C. (corres.), Oct. 1826. Horsfield, S. C. C. (N.R.), Oct. 1830. Huffnagle, Charles, M.D. (N.R.), Nov. 1830. Hallowell, Edw., M.D., Feb. 1834. *Harris, Edward (N.E.), Aug. 1835. *HaIdeman, S. S. (N.R.), Jan. 1837. ''^Holmes, Charles, Feb. 1838. *Haines, John S., March, 1841. Heister, J. P., M.D. (N.R.), Nov. 1843. Heerraann,AdolphusL.,M.D., April, 1845. Hartshorne, Edw., M. D., May, 1847. *Haines, Robt. B., Jan. 1848. Henderson, A. A., M.D. (cor.),[JuIy, 1848, "^^ Horner, Wm. E., M.D., Feb. 1849. Henry, Bernard, M.D., May, 1849. Hopkinson, Joseph, M.D., Feb. 1852. *Hewson, Addinell, M.D., Jan. 1853. Hanson, H. Cooper, Feb. 1853. *Hallowell, Morris L., May, 1853. *Hutchinson, J. Pemberton, May, 1853. Harding, George, Feb. 1854. Harrison, Joseph, Aug. 1854. Hilgard, Theo. C.,M.D. (N.R.),Oct. 1854. Hooper, "Wm. H., M.D., Dec. 1854. Hunt, William, M.D., Jan. 1855. Hartshorne, Henry, M.D., April, 1855. Hagedorn, C. P., Aug. 1855. Humphreys, George A., Sept. 1855. Hering, C. J., Sept. 1855. Howell, Saml. B., Nov. 1855. Hayes, Isaac I., M.D,, Jan. 1856. Hoopes, B. F. (N.R.), Feb. 1856. Hesse, F. G. (N.R.) Nov. 1856. Jones, Thos. P., M.D., Dec. 1812. '^James, Thos. C, M.D., March, 1814. *Jessup, Augustus E., Nov. 1818. Johnson, Walter R. (N.R.), Feb. 1827. *Jaudon, Samuel (N.R.), Jan. 1836. Jackson, Isaac R., Aug. 1841. ^Jordan, John, Jan. 1851. *Jeanes, Joseph, May, 1853. *Jeanes, Samuel, Jan. 1856. *Kneass, Wm., May, 1814. ^Keating, Wm. H., April, 1816. Keagy, J. M., M.D,, Jan. 1833. Kane, Elisha K., M.D., Jan. 1843. ■=^Kilvington, Robert, April, 1843. King, Charles R., M.D., June, 1843. Kern, Richard H., May, 1847. Ker?i, BenJ. J., M. D., Sept. 1847. Kern, Edward M. (N.R), Oct. 1847. Keller, Wilhelm, M.D., Nov. 1848. Keim, George M. (N.R.), July. 1852. *Keating, Wm. V., M.D., Jan. 1853. ^'Lukens, Isaiah, June, 1812. Le Conte, John (corres.), Feb. 1815. Lea, John, May, 1815. *Lea, Isaac, June, 1815, Longstreth, Joshua, June, 1815. *Lesueur, Chs. .4., Jan. 1818. 22 Land, John (N.R.), May, 1836. *Le Conte, J. L., M.D. (corres.) Feb. 1845. •^Leidy, Joseph, M.D., July, 1845. *Lewis, Elisha J., M.D., July, 1846. *Lambert, John, Nov., 1846. *Lea, M. Carey, Sept. 1847. *Lenmg, Charles, Oct. 1847. ^Ludlow, John L., M.D., Nov. 1847. Lejee, Wm. R., Feb. 1848. *Lea, H. C, Feb. 1848. Lewis, Francis W., M.D., Oct. 1849. "^Lennig, Francis, July, 1851. Langstroth, Rev. L. L. (N.R.), Sept. 1851. *Lea, Joseph, June, 1852. *Logan, J. Dickinson, M.D., March, 1853. Lang, Edmund, M.D., April, 1853. *Lea, Thomas T., May, 1853. *Lewis, A. J., May, 1853. *Lovering, Joseph S., May, 1853. Lippincott, Joshua B., June, 1853. Lesley, J. P., June, 1853. Luther, DilIer,M.D., Oct. 1854. La Roche, C. Percy, Jr., Oct. 1855. Lewis, Samuel, M.D., Oct. 1855. *3Iann, C. M. (founder), Jan. 1812. *Maclure, Wm.y July, 1812. *M'Euen, Thos.,M.D., May, 1818. *Morton, Saml. George, M.D., April, 1820. *Mitchell, John K., M.D., July, 1822. Mickle, Andrew E., M.D., June, 1831. Mutter, Thos. D., M.D., July, 1833. M'Euen, Charles, Dec. 1834. Mifflin, George, March, 1835. Miller, Clement S., Dec. 1836. *Markland, John H., May, 1839. "^'Maclure, Alexander, Dec. 1840. Moss, Theo. F. (N.R.), June, 1845. M'Call, Col. G. A. (corres.), June, 1847. M'Clellan, J. H. B., M.D., Nov. 1847. Meigs, Charles D., M.D., April, 1848. M'Michael, Wm. (N.R.), June, 1850. *Meigs, J. Forsyth, M.D., April, 1852. *Morris, Jacob G., April, 1852. *Meigs, James Aitken, M.D., April, 1852. ^■Mercer, Singleton A., May, 1853. *Merrick, Samuel V., May, 1853. ■''-Myers, John B., May, 1853. Mitchell, S. Weir, M.D., Sept. 1853." Merrick, J. Vaughan, April, 1854. M'llhenny, Wm. S., M.D., May, .1854. Messchert, M. H., June, 1854. Mallery, Garrick, Jr., Aug., 1854. Morris, J. Cheston, M.D., Oct. 185^. *Moore, Saml., M.D., Nov. 1855. M'AUister, John, Jr., June, 1856. Mayburry, Wm., M.D., Aug. 1856. Monnier, Alfred, Aug. 1856. Morton, Thos. George, M.D., Aug. 1856. Morehouse, Geo. R., M.D., Aug. 1856. *Norris, Wm., Jr., Dec. 1830. Neill, John, M.D., May, 1847. '^Norris, Octavus A., Oct. 1849. Newbold, Thomas, M.D., Nov. 1854. *Ord, George, Sept. 1815. *Parmentier, iV. S. (founder), Jan. 1812. •:^Pierce, Jacob (N.R.), Dec. 1813.- ^Patterson, R. M., M.D., .Jan. 1816. *Peale, Titian R. (N.R.), Aug, 1817. *Poulson, Charles A., Sept. 1823. --Pennock, C. W., M.D, (N.R.), June, 1824. ''^Preston, Jonas, M.D., Jan. 1825. Penrose, Saml. S., Nov. 1830. *Peterson, Robert E., April, 1831. Porter, R, R., June, 1833. Pearsall, Robert, Dec. 1835. Phillips, John S., Aug. 1836. Pepper, Wm., M.D., Feb. 1837. Percival, Thomas C, Jan. 1845. Powell, Samuel (N.R.), July, 1847. *Pancoast, Joseph, M.D., Dec. 1847. Phillips, D. B., M.D., Oct. 1852. , Page, Wm. Byrd, M.D., April, 1853. *Pepper, Henry, May, 1853. *Price, Richard, May, 1853. *Platt, William, May, 1853. Pennypacker, I. A., M.D., Sept. 1854. Patterson, Wm. H., April, 185G. Penrose, R. A. F., M.D., April, 1856. Packard, John H., M.D., Nov. 1856. *Ro(ck, Joseph, Feb. 1814. ^Randolph, Richard, May, 1814. Richardson^ Caleb, Dec. 1814. *Rotch, Thomas, Feb. 1816. 23 Rafinesque, O. S., Feb. 1816. *Itead, James, Dec. 1824. Eeeve, Mark M., M.D, March, 1831. *Ituschenberger, W. S. W.,|M.D. (corres. Maj, 1832. Rivinus, Edw. F., M.D. (N.R.), Jan. 1834, Rogers, Henry D. (N.R.), Nov. 1834. Ryan, Thomas, Jan. 1836. Rogers, R. E., M.D., Feb. 1837. Rice, Willard M., Dec. 1842. Rogers, James B., M.D., Oct. 1847. *Rosengarten, Saml. G., May 1850. Remington, R. P. (N.R.), Nov. 1850. *Rand, B. Howard, M.D., Jan. 1851. ■^Remington, Thos. P., May, 1853. Rogers, Fairman, Feb. 1854. ^Rogers, W. Frederick, March, 1855. Rush, Madison, June, 1855. *Shinn, John, Jr. (founder), Jan. 1812. *Speakman, John (founder), Jan. 1812. *Say, Thomas (founder), April, 1812. *Stouse, Joseph, M.D., May, 1812. *Say, Benjamin, June, 1813. Stockton, E. B., May, 1815. *Smith, Charles W., Dec. 1815. *Smith, Jacob R., Dec. 1815. Stewart, William (N.R.), June, 1823. *Spackman, George, M.D., July, 1825. *Smith, Joseph P., Feb. 1826. *Seybert, Henry, Dec. 1826. Steinhaur, Rev. Ban., July, 1829. Smith, John B., April, 1834. ■*Simmons, John, July, 1835. Shoemaker, Benj., (N.R.), Sept. 1835. Snelling, Samuel, Aug. 1836. *Say, Mrs. Lucy W. (N.R.), Oct. 1841. Stephens, H. S. (N.R.), May, 1843. Skerrett, David C, M.D., April, 1847. Sargent, F. W., M.D. Sept. 1847. *Sergeant, J. Dickinson, Oct. 1847. Smith, Francis G., M.D., Feb. 1849. Smith, Aubrey H., Sept, 1850. Smith, Charles E., June, 1851. Sherman, W., M.D., Oct. 1851. Sharpless, Caspar W., Jan. 1852. Struthers, William, Feb. 1852. *Seal, Thomas F. (N.R.), May, 1852. Sheafer, P. W. (N.R.), March, 1853. *Schaf hirt, Frederick, March, 1853. *Swift, Joseph, May, 1853. *Sanderson, Ed. F. (N.R.), Sept. 1853. ), Smyth, Samuel, (N.R.), June, 1855. *Spackman, Rev. H. S., July, 1855. . Smith, Alex. Hamilton, M.D. Dec. 1^56. Souder, Edmund A., Feb. 1857. Troost, Gerard,}!.!), (founder), Jan. 1812. ^Thompson, J. Edgar, Feb. 1831. Tuft, John B., M.D. (N.R.), May, 1831. ^Taylor, Rich. C. (corres.), July, 1832. *Tow?isend, John K., M.D., Sept. 1833. Turnpenny, Frederick, M.D., Nov. 1833. Trudeau, James, M.D. (N.R.), Nov. 1835. *Trautwine, John C, April, 1852. Tingley, W. H., M.D., June, 1852. Taggart, Wm. H., M.D., April, 1853. Turner, Thos. J., M.D., Feb. 1854. Tyson, Job R., May, 1854. Taggart, J. Edward, June, 1854. Tiedeman, Eknry, M.D., July, 1855. Taylor, William J., Feb. 1857. Uhler, Wm. M.,M.D., Jan. 1856. Vanuzem, Lardner, June, 1815. * Vaux, Roberts, March, 1818. '^ Vaughan, John, March, 1822. *Vaux, William S., March, 1834. Vanderkemp, John J., M.D. April, 1854. Vesey (de), Louis, (N.R.) Dec. 1856. Wilson, Alexander, June, 1813. Warner, Benjamin,, Feb. 1814. Waierhouse, JohiF., M.D., March, 1814. '^Warder, William S., Dec. 1814. * Wagner, William, June, 1815. Woollens, Jos., M.D., June, 1815. "Watson, Joseph, May, 1816. *Wetherill, J. Price, March, 1817. ■"^Wagner, Tobias, Oct. 1818. *WiIliaras, Henry J., April, 1819. *Wetherill, William, Feb. 1824. Wood, Wm. W. (N.R.), Jan. 1825. , *Wood, George B., M.D., 1825. Ware, Nathaniel A. (N.R.), Oct ]82t;. * Wether.ill, Charles, Nov. 1830. *Wistar, Richard, Jan. 1631. 24 ^Wilson, Thos. B., M.D/June, 1832. Walker, A. M. (N.R.), April, 1836. Whelpley, James D. (N.R.), Mar. 1838. Wistar, Mifflin, M.D., June, 1839, Watson, Gavin, M.D., April, 1840. Wetherill, Samuel (N.R.),Not. 1843. Woodhouse, Sam. W., M.D., Nov. 1845. *Wetherill, Chs. M,, Jr., M.D., Feb. 1846. Whitman, Wm. E., Feb. 1848. Wolgamutb, Francis F., Feb. 1848. *Wilson, Wm. S. (N.R.), June, 1848. *Wheatley, Cbs. M. (N.R.) March, 1850. Wistar, Caspar, M.D., June, 1851. * Welsh, William, May, 1853. *Wood, Richard D., May, 1853, *WheIen, Edward S., June, 1853. Wythes, Rev. Jos. H. (N.R.), Nov. 1853. Woodward, J. J., M.D., June, 1855. West, Hilborne, Sept. 1855. Wilson, Joseph, M.D., Jan. 1856. *Weigbtman, Wm. Sept. 1856. Wilson, EUwood, M.D., Oct. 1856. Warren, G. K., Feb. 1857. Yeager, George, April, 1852. Zantziriffer, George, Sept. 1835. *Zantzinger,Wm.S.,M.D.,(N.R.) Oct, 1840. Ziegler, George T. Nov, 1856. Total number of members. Total number who have died members, 338 103 CORRESPONDENTS. Adrian, Robert, LL.D., 1815. Abadie, Pedro, Lima, Peru, 1821. Audouin, J. Victor, M.D., Paris, 1821. Auduhon, John James, l:ievf York, 1831. Anthony, John Gould, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1833. Agardh, Professor 0. A., Lund, Sweden, 1834. Auber, Pedro Alessandro, 1835. Abadie, E. A., M.D., U. S. A., 1836. Agassiz, Professor Louis, Boston, 1836. Anton, Professor Frak., Halle, Germany, 1840. Alger, Francis, Boston, 1841. Arago, M., Paris, 1843. Avogadro, Amedeo, Turin, 1844. Audubon, Victor G., New York, 1845, Adams, Chas. B., Vermont, 1846. Aall, Nicolai, Christiana, Sweden, 1846. Antisell, Thomas, M.D., New York, 1852. Audubon, John W., New York, 1854. Adamson, J. C, M. D,, 1855. Bartram, William, Kingsessing, Pennsylvania, 1812. Bedwell, Thomas, Jr., Eio Janeiro, 1812. Beelen A., Pittsburg, Pa., 1812. Brongniart, Alexandre, Paris, 1812. Bruce, Archibald, M.D. New York, 1812. Betton, Samuel, M.D., Germantown, 1815. Beck, T. Romeyn, M.D., Albany, New York, 1816. BicTdey, Robert, Pennsylvania, 1816. Baldwin, William, M.D., Wilmington, Deleware, 1817. Blainville, H. Ducrotay Be, Paris 1817. Bradbury, John, London, 1817. Bonelli, Professor Francisco, Turin, 1818. Brovm, Samuel, M.D., Alabama, 1818. 26 Brantz, Lewis, Baltimore, Maryland, 1819. Bigshy, John J., M.D., Newark-on-Trent, England, 1820. SeMfZaw^F. /S., Paris, 1821. Borie, A. Amiens, Paris, 1821. Brewster, David, LL.D., Edinbnrgh, 1822. BucMand, Rev. William, D.D., Oxford, England. Brongniart, Adolph T., M.D., Paris, 1821. Best, Eobert, Lexington, Kentucky, 1823. Bellinger!, M. Turin, Italy, 1826. Berzelius, Professor J. Jacob, Stockholm, 1826. Burr, John H., M.D., CMloe, Chili, 1829. Bustaraente, Jose Marie, Mexico, 1828. Boue, Ami, Paris, 1830. Barabino, Joseph, New Orleans, 1831. Bachman, Rev. John, D.D., Charleston, South Carolina, 1832. Beaumont, Elie De, Paris, 1833. Beck, Letcis C, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1833. Bell, Thomas, London, 1834. Burchell, William J., London, 1835. Belot, Jule Henri, Paris, 1836. Binney, Amos, M.D., Boston, 1836. Blanding, William, M.D., Providence, R. I., 1831. Blanding, Shubel,M.B., South Carolina, 1836. Blanding, William, South Carolina, 1836. Broderip, William J., London, 1836. Brown, Benjamin B., St. Louis, Missouri, 1837. Barratt, Joseph, LL.D., Middleton, Connecticut, 1837. Backmann, Professor Charles Frederick, Jena, Germany, 1840. Bailey, Professor J. W., West Point, 1841, Brewer, Thomas M., Boston, 1841. Balfour, J. Hutton, M.D., Glasgow, Scotland, 1842. Bourne, W. Oland, New York, 1844. Boudin, J. CM., M.I)., Versailles, France, 1845. Bey, Clot, M.D., Cairo, Egypt, 1845. Baird, W. M., Reading, Pennsylvania, 1846. Brown, Richard, Sidney, Cape Breton, 1846. Bromfield, William A., M.D., Isle of Wight, 1847. Brevoort, James Carson, New York, 1847. Barratt, John P., MD. Barrattsville, South Carolina, 1847. Brydges, Sir Harford J. J., Bart., England, 1848. Blyth, Edward, F.Z.S., Calcutta, 1848. Blanchard, M. Emile, Paris, 1848. Bartlctt, John R., New York, 1850. Barry, Rev. A. C, Racine, Wisconsin, 1853. Beche, Sir Henry Thomas dela, London, 1832. Buch, Leopold ^von, Berlin, 1840. Burnett, Waldo J., M.D., Boston, 1854. 27 Briicke, Professor E., Vienna, 1854. Blake, W. F., New Haven, 1856. Cooper, Thomas, M.D., LL.D., Columbia, South Carolina, 1812. Cleveland, Parker, LL.D., Bowdoin College, Maine, 1812. Chapman, Isaac, M.D., Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 1813. Clinton, Be Witt, LL.D., New York, 1815. Carr, Eobert, Kingsessing, Pennsylvania, 1816. Cist, Jacob, Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, 1816. Clifford, John D., Lexington, Kentucky, 1816. Cogswell, Joseph H., New York, 1816. Cloquet, Jules, Paris, 1816. Collins, Baron de, Havana, Cuba, 1818. Cuvier, Baron George, Paris, 1818. Cuvier, Frederick, Paris, 1818. Cloquet, Jules {le jeune), Paris, 1819. Camper, Adrain, Holland, 1821. Colla, Professor Luigi, Turin, 1822. , Cooper, William, New York, 1828. Cass, Lewis, Washington City, 1831. Craft, James S., Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, 183L Cohen, J. J., M.D., Baltimore, Maryland, 1833. Casanova, J, S., M.D., Paris, 1834. Cramer, Charles, St. Petersburg, Eussia, 1834= Croom, H. P., Tallahassee, Florida, 1835. Cautley, Major Proby T., London, 1836. Children, J. G., London, 1836. Conybeai-e, William D., London, 1836. Curtis, John, London, 1836. Carus, Professor Charles G., M.D., Dresden, 1837. Clapp, Asahel, M.D., New Albany, Indiana, 1837. Clark, Lewis Meritvether, St. Louis, Missouri, 1837. Couthouy, Joseph P., Boston, 1837. Castlenau, Count Laport de, Paris, 1837, Combe, George, Edinburgh, 1838. Clay, J. Randolph, Lima, Peru, 1839. Carpenter, Wm. 3L, M.D., Louisiana, 1840. Charlesworth, Edward, London, 1841. Couper, J. Hamilton, Darien, Georgia, 1842. Gonyngham, Redmond, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1842- Chevreul, E., Paris, 1845. Chipman, Isaac L,, Horton; Nova Scota, 1847. Cantor, Theodore, M.D., Singapore, India, 1848. Cobb, J., M.D., Kentucky, 1848. Couch, Lieutenant D. N., U.S.N.,1853. Davis, John, Boston, 1812. Doddridge, C, M.D.; Brook C. H.; Virginia, 1812. 28 DraTce, Daniel, M.D.-, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1812. Ducatel, Julius F., M.D., Baltimore, Maryland, 1812. Dana, Samuel L., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1815. Dillwyn, Leivis W., Pennllergare, Wales, 1815. Duncan, Thomas, Eappahannock, Yirginia, 1816. Desmarest, Anselme Gaetan, Paris, 1817. Darlington, William, M.D., West Chester, Pennsylvania, 1818. Dumeril, Constant, Paris, 1818. Duvignan, M.> Paris, 1820. Delay, Jarae^ E., M.D., New York, 1821. Dupont, Alfred, Wilmington, Delaware, 1821. Deabbate, Gaspard, Turin, 1823. Drapier, A., Brussels, 1824. Doehereiner, Professor Johannes W., Jena, Austria, 1830, Deshayes, G. P., Paris, 1832. Dewey, Chester, Berkshire, Massachusetts, 1832. Dudos, M., Paris, 1833. Dana, James D., New Haven, Connecticut, 1836. Dc Candolle, Auguste P., Geneva, 1836. Draper, John W., M.D., New York, 1836. Dietz, Andrew E., St. Thomas, West Indies, 1839. Denny, Henry, Leeds, England, 1842. Dickson, S. Henry, M.D., Charleston, S. C, 1843. Delafield, Major Joseph, New York, 1846. Dawson, J. W., Pictou, Nova Scotia, 1846. Davis, Edwin Hamilton, M.D., Chilicothe, Ohio, 1847. Dowler, Bennet, New Orleans, 1848, Doane, George W., D.D., New Jersey, 1848. Dewey, Henry B., Para, Brazil, 1850, Diesing, C. M., M.D., Yienna, Austria, 1851. Daniel, Wm. F., M.D., London, 1852. Dalton, Henry G., M.D., Demarara, 1852. De Candolle, Alphonse, Geneva, 1853, De Rivero, Marino, Arequipa, Peru, 1821. Dcaring, W. E., M.D., Augusta, Georgia, 1854. Dalton, John C. W., M.D., New York, 1854. D'Oleveira, C. Baptista," Rio de Janeiro, 1855 D'Orbigny, M. Alcide, Paris, 1834. Doremus, R. Ogden, M.D., New York, 1855. Davis, J. Bernard, England, 1856. Elliott, Andrew, Pennsylvania, 1812. Escher, Henri, Switzerland, 1813. Elliott, Stexjhen, Charleston, S. C, 1815, Eandi, Chev. A. M. Yassali, Turin, 1822. , Ellis, W. Cox, Muncy, Pennsylvania, 1828. Eaton, Amos, Troy, New York, 1829. Eaton, H. Hulbert, M, D,, Lexington, Kentucky, 1831. 29 Edwards, M. Milne, Paris, 1832. Earle, John Milton, Worcester, Massachusetts, 1833. Esenbeck, Professor C. G. Nees Von, Bonn, 1836. Eights, James, M.D., Albany, New York, 1837. Emmons, Ebenezer, M.D., Albany, New York, 1840. Engelmann, George, M.D., St. Louis, Missouri, 1840. Emerson, George B., Boston, 1840. EytoD, Thomas C, Shropshire, England, 1846. Eschricht, Professor Daniel F., M.D., Copenhagen, 1848. Ehrenberg, Christian G., M.D., Berlin, 1848. Evans, John, M.D., New Harmony, Indiana, 1850. Enderlm, Charles, M.D., New York, 1854. Elliott, Rev. Stephen, Savannah, Georgia, 1856. Fonds, M. Faujas de St., Paris, 1812. Faucker, Sylvanus, Connecticut, 1815. Ferris Z., Wilmington, Delaware, 1815. Forster, Thomas, M.D., London, 1815. Francis, John W., M.D., New York, 1816. Ferussac, Baron d'Audebard de, PariS; 1816. Fowler, Samuel, M.D., Franklin, New Jersey, 1823. Foote, John P., Cincinnati, Ohio, 1824. Featherstonhaugh, G. W., Havre, 1830. Frick, Henry, Northumberland, Pennsylvania, 1831, Fitzinger, Professor Leopold, Vienna, 1832. Falconer, Hugh, M.D., London, 1836. Fitton, William Henry, M.D., London, 1837. Fussel, Edwin, M.D., Indianapolis, Indiana, 1840. Faraday, Sir Michael, London, 1857. Fremont, John Charles, Washington, D.C., 1848. Foster, J. W., Lake Superior, 1852. Ford, Henry A., Glasstown, Gaboon River, Liberia, 1352. Fox, Rev. Charles, Michigan, 1853. Griscom, John, LL. D., Burlington, New Jersey, 1814. Gibhs, George, New York, 1815. Gilmer, Francis W., Albemarle County, Virginia, 1815. Griffith, Tliomas, M.D., Columbia, Pennsylvania, 1815. Gorham, John, M.D., Harvard University, 1816. Gammere, John, Burlington, New Jersey, 1816. Garcia, Manuel de la, Madrid, 1817. Guillemard, John, London, 1817. Gilmore, Robert, Baltimore, Maryland, 1819. Gray, John Edward, LL.D., Edinburg, 1823. Germar, Professor Ernst Friedrich, Halle, Saxony, 1828. Griffith, Edward, London, 1828. Galbraith, John, Venango, Pennsylvania, 1831. Green, Benjamin D., M.D., Boston, 1831. 30 Geddings, E., M.D., Charleston, South Carolina, 1832, Goldfuss, Professor August, M.D., Bonn, Germany, 1832. Grateloup, M., M.D., Bordeaux, 1836. Gray, Asa, M.D., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1836. Goheen, S. M. E., M.D., Columbia, Pennsylvania, 1840. Gesner, Abraham, M.D., St. Johns, New Brunswick, 1840. Gould, Augustus A., M.D., Boston, 1840. Graham, Major J. D., U. S. Topog. Eng., 1841. Gliddou, George R., 1841. Galeotti, Henry, Brussels, 1842. Giraud, Jacob P., Jr., New York, 1842, Gould, John, London, 1843. Gibbes, Lewis R., M.D„ Charleston, South Carolina, 1844„ Gibbes, Robert "W,, M.D., Columbia, South Carolina, 1845. Gourlie, William, Jr., Glasgow, 1846, Gerolt, Baron Von, Washington, 1846. Gray, George Robert, London, 1846. Gilliss, J. M., U.S.N., Washington City, 1848. Goodsir, John D., Edinburgh, 1849. Girard, Charles, Washington, 1851. Garcia, Jose Anto. G. y, Lima, Peru, 1855. Green, John W., M.D., New York, 1856. Hauy, L Ahbe, Paris, 1812. Haines, John S., Northumberland, Pennsylvania, 1814. Hayden, Horace R., Baltimore, Maryland, 1815. Hosack, David, M.D., New York, 1815. Hunt, David, M.D., Northampton, Massachusetts, 1815. Hassenfratz, J. H., Paris, 1819. Hazlewood, George, London, 1821. Hooker, Sir William Jackson, London, 1821. Harris, Thaddeus, W„ M.D., Milton, Massachusetts, 1826. Holmes, Ezekiel, M. D., Waterville College, Maine, 1826. Horsfield, Thomas, M.D., London, 1826. Hadley, James, M,D., Fairfield, New York, 1828. Harlan, Josiah, 1831, Hildreth, Samuel P., M.D., Marietta, Ohio, 1832, Hitchcock, Edward, LL.D., Amherst, Massachusetts, 1832. Holbrook, John Edwards, M. D., Charleston, South Carolina, 1832. Hurry, William Cobb, Calcutta, 1832. Hooper, Robert, M.D., London, 1834, Herrick, Edward C, New Haven, 1836, Hodgkin, Thomas, M,D, London, 1837, Henderson, Joseph, M.D., Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, 1838. HougMon, Do^iglass, M.D., Detroit, 1840. Hubbard, Oliver P. M.D., Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, 1841, Henry, Joseph, M.D., LL.D., Washington City, 1843. 31 Herbert, Rev. William, LL. D., Manchester England, 1843. Hodgson, "W. B., Savannah, Georgia, 1843. Hall, James, Albany, New York, 1843. Humboldt, Baron Alexander Von, Berlin, 1843. Hayes, John Lord, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 1844. Haight, Richard K., New York, 1844. Harden, John M. B., M.D., Liberty County, Georgia, 1846. Hammond, Ogden, Charleston, South Carolina, 1847. Herschel, Sir J. F. W., Bart,, London, 1847. 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A Bifiot.Del T, Sinclair's lit^ PM* Pi'oc iVN5 Ynim 7 "^TTn.^ Plate JII 1^ frej, Del, ^ T. Sinclair's Mi. PW^ ASh MBL WHOI LIBRARY UH lfli3P N