rye 8 ry | i ? INNG / PROCEEDINGS: OF THE Academy of Natural Sciences OF PERLE ES ap HVA VOLUME LVIII 1906 . \\ 4 A eee! ev ee ne | PHILADELPHIA : THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES LOGAN SQUARE 1906-1907 THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, FEBRUARY 23, 19Q7. I hereby certify that printed copies of the Procrnpines for 1906 have heen mailed as follows :— Piaires (ela 132 ace esqeessctesessieoe cscs seeavddeceaarnaeatmennscss mailed May 18, 1906. S «May 19, 1906. « o> May. 29, 1906. co Afiebees 20, 1906. oy « dJuly 24, 1906. SEES Oi O92 seen eae cles ce she sets totes sae weeeena antics ‘August 21, 1906. *e 293-356 «« September 25, 1906. ec 357-420 ‘October 19, 1906. CAD ADB ora connate vaesienan s'vceeles Ona cebaste soacameunieences *“. November 6, 1906. “429-460 ‘January 7, 1907. : «January 16, 1907. ‘« February 19, 1907. March 8, 1907. EDWARD J. NOLAN, M.D., Recording Secretary. PUBLICATION COMMITTEE: Henry SKINNER, M.D., Puitie P. Canvert, Ph.D., Henry A. Pitspry, Se.D., WITMER STONE, Epwarp J. Noran, M.D. The President, SamurL G. Dixon, M.D., ex-officio. EDITOR: Epwarp J. Nouan, M.D. E CONTENTS. For Announcements, Reports, etc., see General Index. Banks, NarHan. New Oribatide from the United States (Plates XIV-XVIID), Bratcuiey, W.S. On Some Reptilian Beeake ee om Tie Brown, Stewarpson. Botanizing in the Canadian Rockies, CHAMBERLAIN, RatpH V. A New Lithobius from Colorado, Fowier, Henry W. Some Cold-blooded Vertebrates of the Florida Keys (Plates III and IV), ; Further Knowledge of Some Heterognathous Fishes, Part I, Note on the Dusky Salamander (Plate XIIT), Description of Two New Species of Centropomus, , Further Knowledge of Some Heterognathous Fishes, Part Ul, Some New and Little-known Percoid Fishes, McInpoo, N. E. On Some Fishes of Western Cuba, . : Moorn, J. Percy. Additional New Species of Polycheta from the North Pacific (Plates X, XI, XII), Descriptions of Two New Polychxta from Mexico, } Descriptions of New Species of Polychzeta from the Sonik eastern Coast of Massachusetts (Plate XIX), . OBERHOLSER, Harry C. A Monograph of the Genus Collocalia, Pitspry, Henry A. Description of a New Australian Glycymeris, Pinspry, Henry A., and C. M. Cooxr, Jk. On Hawaiian Species of Sphyradium, ‘ og en Pruspry, Henry A., and J. H. Bree! Mollusea of the South- western States, II (Plates V-IX), Mollusea of the Ozarkian Fauna (elntes XX, XXI, XXID, Rerun, JAMES A. G. Studies in South and Central American Acridine (Orthoptera), with the Descriptions of a New Genus and Six New Species, Records and Descriptions of Non- Saltator ial Gatenien from British Guiana, Descriptions of Five New Species of Orlentee a = om Towne PAGE lv CONTENTS. Rean, James A. G., and Morcan Hesarp. A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Orthoptera of Montana, Yellow- stone Park, Utah and Colorado, SuirH, Burnett, Ph.D. Phylogeny of the Races of V alutilithes petrosus (Plate IT), . ee sc SS es Srevens, N. M., and A. M. Bortne. Planaria Morgani n. sp. (Plate I), eee. so es ee Vaux, GeorGH, JR., and WitiiAM §., Jr. Observations on Glaciers in Alberta and British Columbia (Plates X XIII et seq.), are et een ee Warts, Harvey M. Weather Predictions, PAGE ~J 568 430, PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 1906. JANUARY 2. Mr. ARTHUR ERwIN Brown, Vice-President, in the Chair. Thirty-four persons present. The Council reported that the following Standing Committees had been appointed to serve during the ensuing year: Finance.—John Cadwalader, Edwin 8. Dixon, Effingham B. Morris, Horatio C. Wood, M.D., and George Vaux, Jr., Treasurer. Pusiications.—Henry Skinner, M.D., Henry A. Pilsbry, D.Sc., Witmer Stone, Philip P. Calvert, Ph.D., and Edward J. Nolan, M.D. Lirprary.—Dr. C. Newlin Peirce, Thomas A. Robinson, Thomas Biddle, Jr., M.D., Benjamin Sharp, M.D., and George Vaux, Jr. Instruction.—Benjamin Smith Lyman, Henry A. Pilsbry, D.Sc., Charles Morris, Philip P. Calvert, Ph.D., and Dr. C. Newlin Peirce. CoMMITTEE OF CouNcIL oN By-LAaws.—Arthur Erwin Brown, Thomas H. Fenton, M.D., John Cadwalader and Charles B. Pen- rose, M.D. nN PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., The Chair announced the deaths of the following :— Charles T. Yerkes, a member, December 29, 1905. George Bowdler Buckton, a correspondent, September 25, 1905. J. B. Ellis, a correspondent, December 30, 1905. Mr. Strwarpson Brown made a communication on a botanical trip to the Bermudas taken during the last summer. (No abstract.) JANUARY 16. Mr. ArTHUR Erwin Brown, Vice-President, in the Chair. Thirty-four persons present. Dr. Sharp having taken the Chair, Mr. A. E. Brown made a commu- nication on theories of evolution since Darwin. (No abstract.) The following were elected members: H.S. Jennings, Robert G. LeConte, M.D., and Henry Leffman, M.D. The following was ordered to be printed: 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 3 A NEW LITHOBIUS FROM COLORADO. BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN. Lithobius harriete sp. nov- Diagnosis.—Angles of the 9th, 11th, and 13th dorsal plates produced ; articles of antenne 36; ocelli 11-12 in 3 series; prosternal teeth 2-2, 3-3; spines of first legs beneath 1,3,1, of penult 1,3,3,1 with 2 claws, of anal 1,3,3,0 with 2 claws; coxal pores in 1 series, round, 4,6,6,5; length 11.5 mm. Description.—Dorsum brown with a black or blackish median longi- tudinal stripe; head paler especially anteriorly; antennze brown or yellowish-brown, paler distally; legs yellow; venter yellow, darkest over middle portion. Head wider than long (85 : 78), widely truncate or slightly incurved behind, lateral margins moderately convex behind posterior end of eye patch, then converging to bases of antenne, anterior margin of head between antenne substraight; two furrows extending trans- versely between eyes concave anteriorly, the posterior one usually giving off two branches which converge caudally and meet in a point on the median line; each posterior lateral portion of head marked with one or several sharply impressed curved lines. Ocelli arranged in an oblong patch in three series ; 11 or 12 in number, 1+4,4,2(3); single ocellus large, vertically elliptical; first eye of upper row larger than others excepting the single one. Antenne short, consisting of 36 articles of short length, the ultimate conical, in length about equalling the two preceding together; articles in specimens examined nearly glabrous, possibly due to rubbing. Prosternal teeth 2-2, 3-3; when 3-3 the external tooth on each side more widely separated from the median than the latter from the in- ternal. Angles of the 9th, 11th, and 13th dorsal plates produced; Ist and 3d scuta considerably sinuate posteriorly, 5th slightly so, 7th straight, Sth, 10th and 12th sinuate. 0,2,2,0,0 , 1,0,3,3,1 Spines of first legs 57379; of the penult 9°73°5+;, the claw with 1 spine; 1,0,1,3,0 am of the anal ,;'°3 9, the claw with 1 spine. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Jan., Coxal pores in 1 series, round, 4,6,6,5. Gonopods of female with claw tripartite, the lobes rather short; basal spines 2-2, or 3-3, stout, acutely pointed above middle, the inner smallest. Length of body 11.5 mm.; width 10th plate 1.6 mm.; length of an- tenne 3.3 mm.; of anal legs 4 mm. Locality—Near Glenwood Springs, Col. The types consist of four adults. 1906. ] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 5 FEBRuARY 6. Mr. ArtHuR Erwin Brown, Vice-President, in the Chair. Fourteen persons present. The Publication Committee reported that papers under the follow- ing titles had been presented for publication: ‘‘Mollusea of the Southwestern States, III,’’ by Henry A. Pilsbry (January 24). ‘*4 New Lithobius from Canada,’’ by Ralph V. Chamberlain (Janu- ary 26). **Some Cold-blooded Vertebrates of the Florida Keys,’’ by Henry W. Fowler (January 29). ‘Studies in South and Central American Acrididz (Orthoptera), with the descriptions of a new genus and six new species,’’ by James A. G. Rehn (February 2). ‘‘Further Knowledge of some Heterognathus Fishes,’’? by Henry W. Fowler (February 6). Mr. Wirmer STonE made a communication on certain orni- thologists of the past, giving incidents in the lives and commenting on the works of Catesby, William Bartram, Barton, Wilson, Charles Lucien Bonaparte, Audubon, John K. Townsend, William Gamble, John Cassin and Samuel W. Woodhouse. (No abstract.) The Council reported that the President, Samuel G. Dixon, M.D., had been appointed to represent the Academy at the approaching celebration of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Benjamin Franklin by the American Philosophical Society. FEBRUARY 20. Mr. ArTHUR ERwIN Brown, Vice-President, in the Chair. One hundred and six persons present. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., The Publication Committee reported that a paper entitled ‘‘Planaria morgani n. sp.,’’ by N. M. Stevens and A. M. Boring, had been pre- sented for publication (February 14). The deaths of Charles Smith, a member, March, 1905, and of John C. Wilson, a member, February 19, 1906, were announced. Mrs. CHARLES SCHAEFFER made a communication on the caves and flowers of the Cougar Valley in the Selkirks. (No abstract.) The following were elected members: D. H. Tennent, R. E. B. MeKenny, and Edward S. Miles. The following were ordered to be printed : 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 7 PLANARIA MORGANI n. sp BY N. M. STEVENS AND A. M. BORING. Size.—Length 10-12 mm., width in the region of the pharynx 1.6 mim., at the level of the eyes 1 mm. Form.—Head wedge-shaped, no auricular appendages, posterior end obtuse, thickness slight compared with Planaria maculata or P. simplicissima (Plate I, figs. 1 and 2). Color.—White and translucent; digestive tract often colored green, yellow, brown, or red by food recently ingested. Eyes.—Two, crescent-shaped, situated far back and near together (Pl. I, figs. 1-4). Nervous System.—Cephalic ganglia large and distinct, connected by a broad commissure, lateral nerve cords as in P. maculata, two promi- nent nerves extending forward from below the eyes (Plate I, fig. 4). Pharynx.—Single, much elongated, centrally located in forms with functional sexual organs, posterior to the center in forms which are reproducing asexually (Plate I, figs. 1 and 2). Digestive tract as in the typical triclads with little anastomosis of branches (fig. 3). Reproductive Organs.—Ovaries two, situated ventrally between the anterior axial division of the gut and its first lateral branches, some- times lobed, and often extending nearly to the dorsal epidermis (Plate I, fig. 4). Oviducts following a spiral course dorsal and slightly lateral to the nerve cords, back to the region of the atrial organs, where they converge and unite into a short common oviduct which enters the atrium dorsal to the opening of the uterus stalk, instead of entering a vagina as in P. maculata (Curtis, ’02). Spermatozoa are often found massed at the anterior end of the oviducts. Yolk glands lie between all of the main branches of the gut dorsal to the testes. Testes many, irregular in form and variable in size, scattered between the branches of the gut, for the most part ventral and median to the nerve cords, and extending from the region of the ovaries to the posterior end of the pharynx (fewer and larger than in P. maculata). Distinct seminal vesicles extending posteriorly from the last pair of testes (v.s., Plate I, figs. 5 and 6). Vasa deferentia broad, short and 8 '" PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., only slightly coiled, entering the anterior enlargement of the lumen of the penis nearly at right angles. Penis short and broad, nearly filling the atrium (similar to that of P. maculata). Uterus large, dorsal, ex- tending forward nearly to the pharynx chamber; stalk of the uterus passing to the left side, dorsal to the vasa deferentia and oviducts, and entering the atrium laterally and ventral to the entrance of the common oviduct (Plate I, figs. 5 and 6). a Reproduction by Fission.—Like Planaria maculata, this species reproduces both sexually and asexually. Indications that fission had occurred were observed in May, 1901-1905. In May, 1905, while all the individuals in one branch of a certain stream were sexually mature and depositing egg-capsules, those in another branch of the same stream were found in all stages of fission and regeneration (Plate I, figs. 7-10). During the last week of May and first week of June a few individuals showed regenerating atrial organs. The same difference, as to sexual maturity and fission, was observed in collections from the two branches of the stream in October, and at the date of writing (February 7th) there are no sexually mature worms among the thirty to forty specimens which were reproducing by fission when brought into the laboratory in October. About half of the number have divided in the aquarium. Fission occurs at a point nearer the pharynx than in P. maculata (fig. 7). Regeneration.—Both anterior and posterior regeneration at all levels proceeds much as in P. simplicissima, but both regeneration and form regulation are more rapid. Habitat.—Planaria morgani is found on the under side of stones and dead leaves in asmall stream, one branch of which flows through the Bryn Mawr College campus. The authors have not found it elsewhere. EXPLANATION OF PuaTeE I. Fig. 1. Freehand sketch of living planarian, magnified five times. Atrial organs present (a). Limits of the digestive tract indicated by dotted out- line. Fig. 2. Same of an individual without atrial organs. Fig. 3. Camera drawing of whole mount, showing pharynx and branches of the digestive tract. Magnification 10 diameters. Fig. 4. Reconstruction from camera drawings of frontal sections, showing cerebral ganglia, lateral nerve cords, cephalic nerves, eyes, and ovaries. Mag. 35 d. Fig. 5. Reconstruction of reproductive system from a series of frontal sections, dorsal aspect. p.=pharynx. ¢.=testis. od.=oviduct. v.s.=vesicula seminalis. w.=uterus. p.l.=penis lumen. pe.=penis. a.=atrium. C.0. =common oviduct. r.=reproductive pore. u.s.=uterus stalk. Mag. 10 d. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 9 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 6. Similar reconstruction from sagittal sections. Left-hand aspect. Ovi- duct and vas deferens of right side omitted. Lettering as above. Mag. 10 d. 7. Freehand sketch of the anterior piece of a living specimen soon after fission. Mag. 5d. 8. Similar drawing from a larger anterior piece several days after fission, showing considerable regeneration. 9. Posterior piece soon after fission, showing the two separate branches of the digestive tract. Mag. 10 d. 10. Similar posterior piece after several days’ regeneration (probably about a week). Branches of digestive tract united and new pharynx and eyes formed. Mag. 10 d. 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., STUDIES IN SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN ACRIDINE (ORTHOPTERA), WITH THE DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND SIX NEW SPECIES. BY JAMES A. G. REHN. The subfamily treated in the following pages is usually termed the Truxaline, but the resurrection of the Old World Linnzan genus Acrida necessitates the use of the name Acridine. Of this subfamily by far the majority of the South and Central American genera have been studied in this connection and numerous opinions and conclusions regarding their relationship are given in the following pages, while several genera, or subgenera, have been con- sidered untenable and one new one proposed. The consideration of several wrongly identified or overlooked species caused a shifting of generic names, which necessitated in one case a new generic name. Twenty-two genera have been considered in more or less detail, and sixty-three species, of which six are new, have been examined. The material examined numbered six hundred and twenty specimens, of which two hundred and sixty-seven were from the Academy Collection, three hundred and twenty-eight from the Hebard Collection, and twenty-five from various sources. I wish to express my thanks to Mr. Hebard for the privilege of examining the material from his collection. HYALOPTERYGES. HYALOPTERYX Charpentier. 1845. Hyalopteryx Charpentier, Orthopt. Deser. et Depict., tab. 46. Type.—H. rufipennis Charpentier. From its closest allies Hyalopteryx can be separated as follows: from Radinotatum by the presence of well developed tegmina and wings, the caudal expansion of the pronotum and the much shorter rostrum and less produced head; from Achwrum by the more robust form, the caudal expansion of the pronotum (more or less pronounced ac- cording to the sex), the much broader tegmina and wings as well as the shorter, blunter rostrum and less produced head; from Eutryxalis in the longer, slender limbs, the somewhat broader tegmina, the shorter 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 11 rostrum, and the more fenestrate wings of the male; from 7Truralis in the longer, more produced rostrum, the more angulate caudal margin of the pronotum, the slender caudal limbs and the broader, less subequal tegmina; from Orphula in the characters which separate it from T’ruxalis. The genus Hyalopteryx appears to con- nect two extremes of the series, one extreme represented by Radi- notatum, a quite peculiar type, and Achwrwm, and the other by Truxalis and Orphula, Eutryxalis apparently sharing the intermediate position, but really being closer to Truwxalis. The sequence of genera which appears most natural in the Hyalopteryges is: Radinotatum McNeill. Achurwm Saussure. Hyalopteryx Charpentier. Eutryxalis Bruner. Truxalis Fabricius. Orphula Stal. Hyalopteryx rufipennis Charpentier. 1845. Hyalopteryx rufipennis Charpentier, Orthopt. Deser. et Depict., tab. 46. [Brazil.] Sapucay, Paraguay. December 13, 16, 19, 1904. March 7, 1902. February 13 and 15, March 6,7 and 9, 1905. (Foster, Hebard Coll.) Eleven oc", eleven 2 2. These specimens appear from Charpentier’s description and figure to be the same form as he called rwfipennis. The description particu- larly mentions the distinct lines on the metazona, and states that the lateral carins are similar to the median, which would hardly have been said if the metazona was irregularly lineato-rugose and the lateral carine faint and strongly expanded on the metazona, as in the new species here described as H. asinus. Of the caudal femora he says: **Die Hinterschenkel . . . . oben eine fein erhabene Linie, die vorn am Knie in eine ganz kleine Spitze ausgeht, woselbst seitwarts zwey weit gréssere hervorragen, wie Stacheln.’’ From this and the com- parative proportions of the structures mentioned above and the sub- genital plate as figured in his plate it is very evident that the Sapucay specimens are either Charpentier’s rufipennis or a very closely related new species. Burr’s H. exaggerata,' the only other previously de- scribed species, possesses elongated genicular structures as in my new asinus. The series examined is quite uniform, a little variation in size being 1 Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1902, pt. II, p. 183. [Chiquitos, Bolivia.] 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., noticed and a little in the intensity of fine blackish maculations on the dorsum, a few specimens being almost free from the latter while others have a ‘‘salt and pepper’’ effect. Hyalopteryx asinus n. sp. Types: co’ and 2; Sao Paulo, Sio Paulo (o'), Jundiahy, Sao Paulo (2), Brazil. September 14, 1900 (<'), February 24, 1899(2). (Hem- pel [@], Schrottky [2].) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.] Allied to H. rufipennis Charpentier, but differing in the larger size and slenderer limbs in both sexes, and in the male in the bullate meta- zona, the broader, more acute tegmina, the elongate internal genic- ular processes of the caudal femora and the extremely elongate sub- genital plate. The Bolivian H. exaggerata Burr is a close ally as Fig. 1.—Hyalopteryx asinus n. sp. Lateral view of male type. (x 2.) shown by the genicular structures mentioned in the brief original description, but it can be separated by the yellow anal field of the wings and by inference by other characters, as the author says: ‘‘In venation and structure, this form resembles H. rufipennis.’’ Size rather large ; form elongate, very distinctly compressed, greatly so in the male; surface rugulose and covered with scattered whitish hairs, both the character of the surface and the hairs being much more pro- nounced in the male than the female. Head about equal to the pro- notum in length in the male, distinctly shorter in the female, the occiput much more ascendent in the male than in the female; fastigium projecting beyond the eyes a distance equal to the width at the cephalic margin of the eyes, lateral margins parallel in the male, slightly con- verging in the female, the apex with a rounded angle, lateral sections more distinetly depressed and the short medial carina more apparent in the female than in the male; face very strongly retreating in the male, slightly less in the female; frontal costa narrow, moderately 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 13 excavated dorsad and mesad, very strongly compressed dorsad, slightly broader and parallel to the ocellus, gently but regularly diverging to the clypeus, the margins in the male all more or less sinuate; antenne of the male distinctly but not greatly exceeding the head and prono- tum in length, strongly ensiform, depressed, greatest width not con- tained more than seven times in length, the proximal section slender and the apex acute; eyes elongate subovoid, much more acute cephalad in the female than in the male, the infraocular sulcus slightly greater than the length of the eye in both sexes. Pronotum of the male distinctly, but not very greatly, expanded and sub-bullate on the metazona, of the female with the metazona but very slightly broader than the prozona, the lateral carine slightly and regularly expanding caudad; cephalic margin subtruncate, caudal margin obtuse-angulate in the male, obtuse in the female but with the angle more acute and the side margins subemarginate; median carina distinct in both sexes, but apparently more prominent in the female than in the male; lateral carinze of the male parallel on the cephalic portion of the prozona and following the ‘‘shoulder’’ on the metazona; prozona equal to the length of the metazona in the male, Hyalopteryx asinus n. sp. Fig. 2—Dorsal view of head and pronotum of male type. Fig. 3.—Lateral view of genicular region of caudal femur of male type. Fig. 4.—Dorsal view of head and pronotum of female type. ( 2.) very slightly shorter in the female; metazona in the male with the dorsal rugee broken, irregular, and not strictly longitudinal, in the female more regular than in the male but not strongly marked; lateral lobes with the dorsal length very considerably greater than the depth, cephalic and caudal margins converging except for a short parallel ventral section, the ventral margin sinuate-oblique. Tegmina of the male broad, the greatest width about a fourth the distance from the 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., apex and contained slightly less than four times in the length; costal margin moderately arcuate, apex acute, the sutural margin straight with the apical fourth obtusely deflected to the apex, which consider- ably exceeds the tip of the subgenital plate. Tegmina of the female lanceolate, exceeding the tips of the caudal femora by about the length of the head, greatest width about a third the distance from the apex, which is acute; greatest width contained about six and a half times in the length; costal margin arcuate distad, the sutural margin straight for about four-fifths the length, the apical fifth obliquely deflected to the apex. Wing of the male very nearly two-thirds the length of the tegmen; costal margin strongly arcuate, the apex rectangulate; hyaline ulnar area with the width contained about two and a half times in the width of the entire wing, complete transverse veins eight in number. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes very distinctly longitudinal in the male, subquadrate in the female; interspace be- tween the metasternal lobes narrow, slightly longitudinal in the male, transverse quadrate in the female. Abdomen more distinctly com- pressed in the male than in the female; male subgenital plate enor- mously produced, compressed, the apical section needle-like, the length equal to that of the pronotum. Cephalic and median limbs slender, femora very slightly arcuate in the male. Caudal femora very slender and elongate, the greatest width in the male being about nine times in the length, about eight and a half in the female, exceeding the tip of the subgenital plate proximal portion hardly inflated, but almost regularly tapering to the apex, carine distinet, pattern of the pagina distinct, acute-angulate and but shallowly impressed, genicular lobes in both sexes produced, the dorsal angles of the genicular region produced into broad, somewhat flattened, acute-angulate processes, in the male that of the internal face over twice the length of the external and as long as the femoral depth, in the female the processes of the two sides subequal; caudal tibie slender, very slightly shorter than the femur, lateral margins with seventeen to eighteen spines in the male, nineteen in the female; tarsi with rather small arolia. General color dorsad russet sprinkled and washed with mummy brown, ventral color pale cinnamon. Head in the male with the cari- nz spotted with mummy brown and two rather faint postocular lines of the same color present; eyes in the male mars brown, in the female vandyke brown. Pronotum with a pair of irregular dark bars on the lateral carine. Tegmina in the male liberally sprinkled with small mummy brown and bistre maculations. Wings with the costal margin 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 15 of the hyaline ulnar area and the cross veins of the same canary y ellow, the costal section of the wing wood brown clouded with vandyke brown; anal field proximad rather pale scarlet, distal section smoky hyaline, between the two a very distinct and moderately broad bar of hazel. Caudal limbs of the general color of the ventral surface. Measurements. of Q IL@negiin Gi lyoehy, 5 < o 3 6 3 o ¢ 5 wile mm. 37.5 mm. ene ihompronotui lees nee enc no: Us Length of tegmen, : Re ae a a 2 ss 34.5 “ Greatest width of tegmen, Pe S eles Length of caudal femur, 5. es Gk, alee wer naaes 18. ai 22) A paratypic series of three males has been examined in addition to the type. One is from Jundiahy (Schrottky), and the others from Sio Paulo (September 14, 1900; Hempel). These specimens do not differ appreciably except very slightly in color and in the slightly greater size of the Jundiahy male. EUTRYXALIS Bruner. 1900. Eutryxalis Bruner, Acc. Gen. and Spec. Locusts Argent., pp. 22, 24. Included Metaleptea minor Bruner (not of Giglio-Tos) and Eutryxa- lis strigata Bruner, of which the former (=Hyalopteryx gracilis Giglio- Tos) is the type. This genus is closely related to Hyalopteryx, but differs in the char- acters given under that genus. Eutryxalis gracilis (Giglio-Tos). 1897. H[yalopteryx] qronilis Giglio-Tos, Bollett. Mus. Zool. ed Anat. Comp. Torino, XII, No. 302, p. 22. [San Lorenzo, Jujuy, Argentina ; Caiza, Bolivian Chaco.] 1900. Hu{tryxalis] minor Bruner, Acc. Genera and Spec. Locusts Argent. p. 24. (Not Metaleptea minor Giglio-Tos.) [Argentina ; common through- out the provinces north of the Rio Colorado.] Sapucay, Paraguay. February 10-15, March 2-10, 1905. Seven SS, ten 9 Y. [Foster, Hebard Coll.] These specimens are quite uniform in size, and in color have the browns and greens distributed in the bicolored individuals as seen in Truxalis. No uniform brown specimen has been examined. The possession of two males and three females of this species from Carcarania, Argentina, received from Prof. Bruner and labelled Eutryxa- lis minor Giglio-Tos, enabled the author to clear up a rather unfortunate and complicated question of misidentification. A male and female 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., specimen of Metaleptea minor Giglio-Tos, received through Dr. Borelli (the collector of the types) from the Turin Museum, show that the species really is an Orphula and not closely related to Truxalis (Meta- leptea Bruner), while the specimens determined by Bruner really are Hyalopteryx gracilis, answering the description very well. The species is quite distinct from Hyalopteryx and well worthy of generic separation. From the known records this species appears to be distributed over a large area, extending from Caiza in the Bolivian Chaco to the Rio Colorado, and east to the Paraguay river region. TRUXALIS Fabricius. Truxalis brevicornis (Johansson). Bartica, British Guiana. May 25,1901. o 2. (Crew, A.N.S. P.) Sao Paulo, Brazil. September 7 and 14,1900. 40°o0,2 29. (Hem- pel, A.N.S.P.) Jundiahy, Brazil. 2. (Schrottky, A. N.S. P.) Corumba, Brazil (lowland). March. 5oc. (H.H.Smith, U. S.N.M.) Sa- pucay, Paraguay. February 10-17, March 2-21, 1905. 10 So, 17 22. (Foster, Hebard Coll.) This series presents examples of all the color phases noticed in this widely distributed species. Records for this species include Buenos Ayres and San Lorenzo, Argentina, Villa Rica and Asuncion, Paraguay, and Caiza, Bolivia, as well as numerous localities north of Brazil. Bruner says it is ‘‘found throughout the Republic [Argentine] north of the Rio Colorado, especially along the eastern border.’ ”* ORPHULA Stal. 1873. Orphula Stal, Recensio Orthopterorum, I, p. 105. Included pagana (Stal), plebeia (Stal), imtricata Stal and punctata (De Geer), of which pagana has been selected as the type by Giglio-Tos.* Orphula pagana (Stal). 1860. Gomphocerus (Hyalopteryx) paganus Stal, Kongliga Svenska Fregatt. Eugenies Resa, Zool., I, Ins., p. 339. [Rio Janeiro, Brazil.] Sao Paulo, Brazil. September 1 and 5,1900. 222. (Hempel, A. N.S. P.) Chapada, Brazil. April. 20°,1 9. (H.H.Smith, U.S. N. M.) Corumbd, Brazil (lowland and highland), March. 2 2 2. (H. H. Smith, U. S. N. M.) Sapucay, Paraguay. February 6-13, 2 Acc. Gener. and Spec. Locusts Argent., p. 23, 1900. 3 Bollett. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, 1X, No. 184, p. 9. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 17 March 6-19, 1995. 70,10 22. (Foster, Hebard Coll.) Asun- Cion, Parasuaya, 2G, 2 2 2. “(AL NUS. P:) The specimens from Corumba are slightly larger than individuals of the same sex from the other localities. Considerable variation also exists in the form of the fastigium, the 2 from Chapada having it rather broad, but otherwise inseparable, while one individual from Sapucay has the same portion more acute than usual, in a considerable measure approaching O. minor. The tips of the tegmina are sharper and more acute in individuals from Chapada, Corumbd and Sao Paulo than in Asuncion specimens, but the series from Sapucay includes practically both extremes. Some specimens have the dorsal dark lines absent and the coloration but little varied. The species has previously been recorded from Santos, Brazil, Formosa and Resistencia nel Chaco, Argentina. Orphula minor (Giglio-Tos).* 1897. Mf[etaleptea] minor Giglio-Tos, Bollett. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, XII, No. 302, p. 23. [San Lorenzo, Jujuy, Argentina; Caiza and Aguairenda, Bolivian Chaco.] Caiza, Bolivia. (Borelli, A.N.S.P.) One &. Chaco. (Borelli, A. N.S. P.) One °. These authentic specimens, received from the Turin Museum, show that the species is a member of the genus Orphula and closely related to O. pagana. From the latter species it differs in the slenderer head, with less prominent and somewhat longer eyes, and the more acute fastigium. MERMIRIZ. SYRBULA Stal. The genus Syrbula presents two extreme types, one represented by admirabilis, and the other by montezuma and eslave. These extremes might with justice be separated, as has provisionally been done by the author (7.e., subgenus Herus), but for the presence of a type like S. acuticornis, which is clearly an annectant form. Syrbula montezuma (Saussure), The specimens from Cuernavaca, Mexico, previously recorded by the author as S. valida and eslave, and from La Joya, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, are referable to this species, which is closely related to S. eslave and differs chiefly in the less constricted lateral carine of the pronotum. *Bolivar’s Orphula jucunda (Actas Soc. Espaii. Hist. Nat., XXV, p. 15) from the Rio Atalapo is probably a member of this genus, but apparently quite dis- tinct from either O. pagana, with which it was originally compared, or O. minor. 9 ~ 18} PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., Syrbula eslave Rehn. 1900. Syrbula eslave Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXVII, p. 90. [Es- lava, D. F., Mexico.] 1900. Syrbula (Herus) valida Rehn, Ibid, p. 91. [Eslava, D. F., Mexico.] These two names were applied to the sexes of the same species. AMBLYTROPIDIZA. AMBLYTROPIDIA Stal. Amblytropidia ferruginosa Stal. 1873. Al[mblytropidia] ferruginosa Stal, Recensio Orthopterorum, I, p. 107. {Brazil.] Sapucay, Paraguay. December 19 and 20,1901. April 30, 1902. February 13-27, March 2-11, 1905. 9 Oo, 12 292. (Foster, Hebard Coll.) These specimens are assigned here with some little doubt, as they are larger than Stal’s measurement of the female type (length 25 millimeters). The females all show more or less blackish-brown maculations on the teemina, and the males have the caudal femora strongly rose-colored with the genicular regions blackish. In the latter respect they appear to approach the very brief characterization of australis, but the an- tenn are longer and the general coloration rather different. The latter character is of very uncertain value in this genus, as the extremes of one species are quite different, considering A. occidentalis a repre- sentative form. Amblytropidia australis Bruner. 1904. [Amblytropidia] australis Bruner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., II, pp. 62, 64. [Argentina.] Chapada, Brazil. April and June. 2 oo’, 1 2. (H. H. Smith, (Wis iS ING WY) As the original description of this species is extremely brief, little can be gleaned from it to aid in identifying material. In the material examined the tegmen are darker near the costal margin than elsewhere, and a median dark line is present on the head and pronotum of the female and the pronotum of one male. The genicular regions are obscured with dark color in both sexes, but more strongly in the male than in the female. The range of the species is here extended north of its previous limit, Caiza, Bolivian Chaco. Amblytropidia vittata Giglio-Tos. 1894. A[mblytropidia] vittata Giglio-Tos, Bollett. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, IX, No. 184, p. 18. [Luque, Paraguay.] 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 19 Sio Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. September 1 and 7, 1900. 229. (Hempel, A. N.S. P.) The coloration of these two specimens is generally similar, but one has a longitudinal pale green bar on the proximal portion of each teg- men. This specimen also has a median line on the head and pronotum quite dark, while the other individual is devoid of any striking markings. Amblytropidia trinitatis Bruner. 1904. Amblytropidia trinitatis Bruner, Biol. Cent-Amer., Orth., II, pp. 63, 65. [Demerara, British Guiana; Trinidad.] Trinidad, West Indies. 1c. (H. D. Chipman, through Bruner, AON. S: B2) Venezuela. 1c’. A-N.S:) Pe? The Venezuela male is inseparable from the topotypic specimen. The range of the species is considerably extended by the Venezuela record. Amblytropidia auriventris McNeill. 1897. [Amblytropidia] auriventris McNeill, Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, p. 227. [Orizaba, Mexico.] Atoyac, Vera Cruz, Mexico. December. 1. (Bruner, A. N.S. P.) Amblytropidia mysteca (Saussure). The material previously recorded by the author as A. mysteca from Cuernavaca, Texolo, Uruapan and Patzcuaro, Mexico, has been re- examined, and in all cases represents mysteca as understood by Bruner. The genus Sinipta Stal is a rather aberrant member of this group, chiefly differing in the depressed, subensiform antennz, which, how- ever, does not appear to be sufficient to remove it from association with Amblytropidia, some species of which have the antennz some- what depressed. ORPHULELLZA. The genera generally accredited to this group are with two excep- tions, Calephorus and Comacris, American. The genera examined by the author in this connection are given below, with their apparent positions as far as can be expressed in a linear arrangement. Calephorus Fieber (=Oxycoryphus Fisher). Parorphula Bruner. Sisantum Bruner. Orphulina Gigho-Tos. Orphulella Giglio-Tos. Clinocephalus Morse. Dichromorpha Morse. Chloeaitis Harris. Cocytotettix n. n. (= Fenestra Bruner, not of Giglio-Tos). Toxopterus Bolivar. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., Of these ten genera a total of thirty-six species has been examined. Several genera like Chloealtis and Toxopterus are rather aberrant and really occupy isolated positions, that of Chloealtis, however, being somewhat modified by Cocytotettiz, which is in a way a transition type. The European Calephorus is also somewhat removed from the nearest ally Parorphula, but its position appears to be in this group and its affinity is clearly with the above-mentioned genus. The rela- tionship of Sisantwm and Orphulina is close, as an examination of the type species of each shows, but, for the present at least, I have con- sidered them distinct. The only American genus not examined is (Honomus Scudder, from California. CALEPHORUS Fieber. 1853. Calephorus Fieber, Lotos, III, p. 97. May, 1853. Included C. elegans Fieber and Gryllus dubius Rambur, both equalling Acrydium com- pressicornis Latreille. 1854. Oxycoryphus Fischer, Orthoptera Europiea, p. 311. Type, Acry- dium compressicornis Latreille. This genus is mentioned merely to show its relationship to Paror- phula from which it appears to be an offshoot. Aside from the pres- ence of a distinct intercalary vein no character of great weight is ap- parent to distinguish Calephorus from Parorphula. Three females of C. compressicornis from France and Egypt have been examined. PARORPHULA Bruner. 1900. Parorphula Bruner, Ace. Gen. Spec. Locusts Argent., pp. 22, 25. Included P. graminea, pallidinota and strigata Bruner, of which the first, graminea, can be selected as the type. This genus appears to form a transition type between Calephorus and the Sisantum-Orphulina group. Parorphula graminea Bruner. 1900. Pflarorphula] graminea Bruner, Acc. Gen. Spec. Locusts Argent., p. 26. [Provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe and Cordoba, Argentina.] Carearafia, Santa Fé, Argentina. 3 oo, 3 29. (Through Law- rence Bruner, A. N. S. Phila., and U. 8. N. M.) SISANTUM Bruner. 1904. Sisantwm Bruner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I, pp. 30, 69. Type.—S. notochloris Bruner. Sisantum notochloris Bruner. 1904. Sisantum notochloris Bruner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., II, p. 69. {Medellin, Vera Cruz, Mexico.] Medellin, Vera Cruz, Mexico. 1c. (T. Heyde through L. Bruner, fa\s IN| Sh 12) 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 21 The genus Sisantum is closely related to Orphulina, and the two form a group intermediate between the Calephorus-Parorphula type and Orphulella. ORPHULINA Giglio-Tos. 1894. Orphulina Giglio-Tos, Bollett. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, IX, No. 184, pp. 8, 9. Type.—0. pulchella Giglio-Tos. This genus can be recognized without difficulty by the characters given by Giglio-Tos. The structure of the frontal costa is quite dis- tinctive, at least in several species. Orphulina pulchella Giglio-Tos. 1894. O[rphulina] pulchella Giglio-Tos, Bollett. Mus. Zool. Anat, Comp. Torino, IX, No. 184, p. 10. [San Pedro, Paraguay.] Sapucay, Paraguay. March 7-11,1905. 422. (Foster, Hebard Coll.) Two of these specimens have the dorsum green or tinted with green- ish, the other two being dull ochre in the same region. Orphulina balloui (Rehn). 1905. Orphulella balloui Rehn, Ent. News, XVI, p. 178, pl. VIII, figs. 2 and 3. [Bay Estate, Barbados, West Indies.] This species is really a member of the genus Orphulina and rather closely related to O. pulchella. It can be separated by the blunter fastigium, which has both the dorsal and lateral aspects showing a more rounded angle, the slightly more elongate ovoid eye, the slightly less longitudinal and more quadrate interspace between the meso- sternal lobes, and the different coloration. The National Museum Collection contains a single female, labelled ‘‘ West Indies,’’ collected by the U.S. Fish Commission. Orphulina veteratoria n. sp. Types: G’ and 2; Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. September 5 (2) and 19, 1900. (Hempel; No. 216 part.) A. N.S. P. Allied to both pulchella and ballowi, but separated from the former pronounced expansion of the lateral carinz on the metazona and the slightly more acute fastigium. The male has the interspaces between the sternal lobes much as in Orphulella. From O. ballowi it can be separated by the smaller size, more acute fastigium, the more promi- nent eyes and the heavier caudal femora. This species is not closely related to O. acuta. Size small; form moderately robust. Head slightly shorter than the 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., pronotum, slightly but distinctly ascending; fastigium about as long as the width at the cephalic angle of the eye (<) or very considerably Fig. 5.—Orphulina veteratoria n. sp. Lateral view of female type. (x 3.) shorter (2), acute-angulate in the male, rectangulate in the female, an intermarginal depressed lunate area in both sexes; lateral foveole distinct in the female, much less distinct in the male, cephalic, elongate- lanceolate; face moderately retreating with the apex rather truncate; frontal costa rather narrow, sub- parallel to below the ocellus, very slightly expanded between the antenne, the margins moderately diver- gent ventrad, moderately suleate from the antenne ventrad; eyes subovate in the male, ovoid in the female, quite prominent in the male, very slightly longer than the infraocular space in both sexes; antenne slightly longer than (c) or subequal to (2) the head and pronotum together, moderately de- Fig. 6.—Orphu- pressed, slightly expanded proximad and very faintly eee raves subensiform. Pronotum with the caudal width con- view of head tained about once and a half in the length; cephalic ates margin arcuato-truncate, caudal margin rounded (é S) obtuse-angulate; median carina distinct, lateral cari- ne slightly narrowed at the second sulcus and moder- ately divergent caudad in the male, subparallel to the second sulcus and very slightly divergent caudad in the female; first transverse sulcus not intersecting any of the carina, second intersecting the lateral,’and the third intersecting the lateral and median carinze, metazona slightly longer than the prozona in the male, subequal in the female; lateral lobes very distinctly longer than the depth, ventral margin with a considerable oblique cephalic emargination. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes slightly transverse in the male, and slightly longitudinal in the 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 23 female; metasternal lobes separated by a very narrow space in both sexes. Tegmina slightly exceeding the tips of the caudal femora, the caudal margin with a distinct but rather small proximal dilation, apex rotundato-truneate; intercalary vein distinct in the female, irregular in the male. Abdomen moderately compressed ; subgenital plate of male blunt. Caudal femora moderately robust, considerably dilated in the proximal two-thirds, pagina rather deeply sculptured; caudal tibice somewhat shorter than the femora, lateral margins bearing ten or eleven spines, arolia small, subtrigonal. General color of the male bistre, the anal area of the tegmina and the dorsum of the pronotum burnt umber, the lateral angles of the pro- notum ventrad and slightly mesad on the pronotum marked with black; eyes walnut brown; ventral surface buffy becoming buff-yellow on the abdomen; caudal femora ochre yellow becoming tawny, ochra- ceous and raw umber distad, caudal tibie dull heliotrope purple, the spines yellowish narrowly tipped with black. General color of female bistre becoming wood brown ventrad; dor- sum of the head, pronotum and anal area of the tegmina pale apple green, the lateral carine of the pronotum marked with blackish as in the male but more narrowly; eyes raw umber blotched with bistre. Measurements. of 2 Ibemailn @i lyoehy, 6 2 5s o 6 5 « 6 o debaemen 1) iy Wencthsofpronowumie es) = seo) : eam Gi Wea, 2 « so 6 © 6 2 o & LAOS gy IL@cralvOt CUCM Wem, 5 6 ¢ «6 « o o iO ile, The types are the only specimens of this species which have been examined. It is possible that the sexes here described do not repre- sent the same species, and that my association of them is erroneous. Several characters of the co’ do not appear to be in accord with one’s ideas as to what the opposite sex of the 2 type should be, but as neither belongs to an old species of the genus I have thought best to associate them, pending the acquisition of further material. In case the sexes should prove to represent distinct species I would restrict the name veteratoria to the 2. Orphulina acuta n. sp. Types: co’ and 2; Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. (Hempel; No. 216 part.) A. N.S. P- Allied to O. pulchella, but a heavier species with the fastigium more acute, the eyes longer, and more compressed when viewed dorsad, the 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., tegmina and caudal femora shorter, the latter more robust, and the whole insect lacking the prominent lateral stripe of O. pulchella. Fig. 7.—Orphulina acuta n. sp. Lateral view of female type. (x 3.) Size small; form somewhat robust, moderately compressed. Head distinctly shorter than the pronotum, considerably elevated in both sexes, the occiput more rounded in the male than in the female, the latter having it almost straight; fastigium acute- angulate in both sexes, but slightly more so in the male than in the female, the width at the cephalic angle of the eye equal to (<) or slightly greater (2 ) than the length, margins distinct, a moderately de- pressed intermarginal area present on the dorsum, no median carina; lateral foveole distinct, deep, cephalic, blunt elongate-lanceolate in shape; the front dorsad forming a right angle with the fastigium, ventrad Fig. 8.Orphu- of the antenne considerably retreating; frontal costa lina acuta n. narrow in the male regularly but slightly expand- ena Doral ing from the fastigium to the clypeus, deeply suleate, and prono- particularly dorsad of the ocellus; frontal costa in AD cay the female similar to the male but subparallel from : between the antenne to the ocellus, the width being greater and the suleation shallower than in the male; eyes regularly ovoid in the male, acute ovoid flattened cephalad in the female, in both sexes very distinctly exceeding the infraocular sulcus in the length; antenne slightly longer (<) or slightly shorter (9 ) than the length of the head and pronotum, slightly depressed and expanded proximad, being thus very slightly ensiform. Pronotum with the great- est caudal width of the dorsum contained once and a half in the length; median carina very distinct, severed in the middle, lateral carine 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 25 parallel to the second suleus, considerably expanding between the second and third, very slightly expanding to the caudal margin; cephalic margin subtruncate, caudal margin obtuse-angulate, more rounded in the male than in the female; first transverse sulcus obsolete; lateral lobes of the pronotum with the dorsal length slightly greater than the depth, ventral margin with a considerable cephalic emargina- tion. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes moderately longi- tudinal in the male, slightly so in the female; metasternal lobes con- tiguous caudad in the male, separated by a space about a fourth the width of the mesosternal interspace in the female. Tegmina consid- erably exceeding the tips of the caudal femora in length, apex rounded, costal margin with a very narrow and slight proximal lobe; hyaline in the proximal third ; intercalary vein irregular and extending the whole length of the area, becoming lost in irregular reticulations; ulnar area with a distinct longitudinal dividing vein in both sexes. Wings ample. Abdomen considerably compressed; subgenital plate compressed with a blunt apical tubercle. Caudal femora robust, the pagina deeply and strongly sculptured; caudal tibie distinctly, but not greatly, shorter than the femora, the lateral margins armed with ten or eleven spines; tarsi with large arolia. General color shading from tawny-olive to burnt umber. Head and pronotum with postocular bars of vandyke brown, broad and dark in the male, quite narrow and light in the female. Dorsum of the head, pronotum and closed tegmina lighter than the lateral aspects, tawny-olive in the female, bay in the male. Venter wood brown. Limbs varying shades of the general color; tarsi very pale viridian green, with the base of the first, the whole second, the apex of the third, arolium and tips of the claws black; spines on the tibize tipped with black. Measurements. Ci g IDerdn CH loshin oc aan US So) taco, Benethvonpronotume, 2 9s 2 asl) eee oes Aa Length of tegmen, SE eee 2 outs 16255; iLenethyof caudal femurs - 5 5) 2 Stowe NOK ens A paratypic series of two females have also been examined (Septem- ber 7 and 14, 1900), and differ in no important characters from the type. One specimen represents a darker and more sooty type of color- ation than the other. ORPHULELLA Giglio-Tos. 1894. Orphulella Giglio-Tos, Bollett. Musei Zoolog. Anat. Comp. Torino, IX, No. 184, pp. 8, 10. Included O. gracilis Giglio-Tos, punctata (De Geer), intricata Stal 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., and elegans Giglio-Tos. Of these punctata is the oldest known and the most widely distributed species, and may be considered the type. The species of this genus are quite difficult to separate and the recogni- tion of almost all the forms can be considered only tentative. The extent of individual variation is great, both in structure and color, and reliable characters for the separation of species are few. The work of Bruner in the Biologia is by far the best treatment of the genus so far published. Orphulella neglecta Rehn. 1900. Orphulella neglecta Rehn, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., X XVII, p. 94. [Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico.] Orizaba, Mexico. June. 1c; type. (O. W. Barrett, A. N.S. P.) 2 So. (Sumichrast, A. N. S. P. received through Dr. Saussure.) Jalapa, Mexico. August and September. 2 o'c’. (Barrett, A. N. S.P.) Presidio, Mexico. June. 10. (Barrett,A.N.S.P.) Coatepec, Mexico. August. 1 o',1 9. (Barrett, A. N.S. P.) This series shows that the species varies somewhat in size (males from 16 to 21 millimeters in total length), but little in color. All except one Go from Jalapa are of the same colors, allowance being made, of course, for fading in the Sumichrast specimens, while the Jalapa exception has the usual green dorsum replaced by a dull olive tint, while the pronotum near the lateral lobes is not as distinctly marked as in the other specimens. The 2 specimen measures as follows: length of body, 22 mm.; length of pronotum, 4.1; length of tegmen, 17; length of caudal femur, 12/9, This species seems to be a form limited to the Eastern Cordilleras. Orphulella aculeata Rehn. 1900. Orphulella aculeata Rehn, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XX VII, p. 92. (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.] Cuernavaca, Mexico. June. 1,3 2 2 including types. (O. W. Barrett, A. N. S. P.) This species appears to be quite distinct, and is not an Orphulina as has been thought possible by Bruner.® Superficially this form considerably resembles O. viridescens Scudder, but the structural char- acters are quite distinctive and show that no close relationship exists. Orphulella gracilis Giglio-Tos. 1894. Orphulella gracilis Giglio-Tos, Bollett. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, IX, No. 184, p. 11. [Province of San Pedro, Villa Rica and Asuncion, Paraguay.] Sapuecay, Paraguay. December 20, 1901 (one specimen). 2 cc". (Foster, Hebard Coll.) 5 Bool. Cent.-Amer., Orth., II, p. 74, 1904. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 27 The validity of this species appears to be somewhat doubtful, Giglio- Tos himself * considering it a synonym of the North American O. maculipennis (=pelidna Burmeister). In this he is of course in error, but it is extremely close to O. punctata, which is so variable that gracilis may only be an extreme with the lateral carinee more or less obliterated between the first and third transverse sulci. The form is rather more elongate, however, than in the average individual of O. punctata, Orphulella punctata (De Geer). San Rafael, Vera Cruz, Mexico. co, 2. (Townsend through L. Bruner, A. N.S. P.) San Marcos, Nicaragua. 222.. (C.F. Baker, A.N.S.P.) Trinidad. o&,2. A.N.S.P. Bartica, British Guiana. May 1-27,1901. 23 6'o',14 22. (Crew, A. N.S. P.) Sado Paulo, Brazil. September 1-19, 1900. 50,5 22. (Hempel, A. N.S. P.) Sapueay, Paraguay. February 3-27, March 6-12, 1905. 100o', 22 22. (Foster, Hebard Coll.) This large series of specimens, representing a very considerable range, I find cannot be divided into species on any one or number of the innumerable characters of variation exhibited. The green and brown phases of coloration, varied with maculations and distinct bars or uni- form with practically no markings, and variations in the shape and strength of the lateral carinse of the pronotum, in the length of the tegmina and wings, in the form of the fastigium and eyes, some slight, others pronounced, are all present, and on superficial examination would appear to furnish good characters for dividing the series. At- tempts along these lines, however, soon show how hopeless it would be to erect species on even the most striking types, as intermediates are present to connect them with any other extreme. Two specimens from Gualaquiza and Valle del Lamora, Equador, received from the Turin Museum, labelled ‘‘Orphula olivacea’’ and recorded as such by Giglio-Tos,’ are provisionally referred to this species. They are clearly not O. olivacea, as comparison with para- typic material shows, and having been preserved in alcohol are badly shrivelled in consequence.® Orphulella elegans Giglio-Tos. 1894. O[rphulella] elegans Giglio-Tos, Bollett. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, IX, No. 184, p. 12. [Resistencia nel Chaco, Argentina; Province of San Pedro, Villa Rica and Asuncion, Paraguay.] ® Bollett. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, XII, No. 302, p. 24, 1897. 7 Bollett. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIII, No. 311, p. 39, 1898. § Bolivar’s Orphula patruelis (Actas Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., XXV, p. 15) from the Rio Atalapo I have not recognized, and can give no idea of its proper position. 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., Four specimens, two of each sex, from Carearafia, Argentina, de- termined as this species by Bruner, I am unable to separate from my series of punctata, which includes material determined as that species by Bruner. Individuals of the latter from Nicaragua, Costa Rica and British Guiana resemble the Carcarafia specimens very closely. Orphulella intricata (Stal). Tet: es) intricata Stal, Recensio Orthopterorum, I, p. 106. [Buenos Ayres. Two specimens, o and 2, one from Cordoba, the other from Car- caraha, Argentina, determined as this species by Bruner, are avail- able for study. I am of the opinion that this species will prove to be merely a phase of the very variable O. punctata. Orphulella mexicana (Saussure). 1861. Oz[ycoryphus] mexicanus Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2e sér., XIII, p. 314. [Mexico.] Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico. August. 2 22. (O. W. Barrett, A. N.S. P.) Coatepec, Mexico. August. 1 2. (Barrett, A. N.S. P.) Texolo, Mexico. March 13, 1899. 5 oc. (S. N. Rhoads, Jal INIo tSh 125) The above records, with the Jalapa record given by Bruner in the Biologia,® constitute the sum of our knowledge of this species. It appears to be restricted in its range, as suggested by Bruner, and the _ taking of five specimens in one day shows it can hardly be called rare. The species is apparently confined to the country on the lower eastern slope of the Cofre de Perote. The compressed form of this insect will readily separate it from allied species. The compression of the male abdomen with its appendages is quite pronounced. Orphulella tepaneca (Saussure). 1861. Sélenoboth|r[us] tepanecus Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2e sér., XIII, p. 319. [Mexico.] Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico. July 14, 1891. 1,12. (W.S. Blatchley, A. N. 8. P.) This pair was received from Blatchley labelled ‘‘ Orphulella zapoteca,’’ but they are clearly not that species and answer Saussure’s description of tepanecus very well. This species would appear to be limited in range to the vicinity of Orizaba, Bruner having also recorded it from there. Orphulella meridionalis Bruner. San Marcos, Nicaragua. 1. (C.F. Baker, A.N.S.P.) Chinan- dega, Nicaragua. 10’. (C.F. Baker, A.N.S. P.) ® Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., II, p. 80, 1904. ; 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 29 These specimens have been compared with the Costa Rican individ- uals previously recorded by the author.”° Orphulella zapoteca (Saussure). 1861. Ozx{ycoryphus] zapoteca Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2e sér., XIII, p. 316. [Mexico.] Texolo, Vera Cruz, Mexico. March 3 and 13, 1899. 8 jo. (S. N. Rhoads, A. N. S. P:) The specimens from Alta Mira, Tamaulipas, previously recorded by the author as O. tepaneca are referable to this species. The frontai costa, however, is moderately sulcate in all the Tamaulipas individuals. Orphulella viridescens Scudder. 1899. Orphulella viridescens Scudder, Canad. Entom., XXXI, p. 187. {[Mt. Alvarez, Mexico.]} The specimens previously recorded by the author from Eslava, D. F., Mexico," are now before me. This species is quite distinct from any other mainland form, and rather closely related to O. scuddert. DICHROMORPHA Morse. 1896. Dichromorpha Morse, Psyche, VII, pp. 326, 383. Type.—Chloealtis viridis Scudder. Dichromorpha mexicana Bruner. 1904. Dichromorpha viridis Rehn (not of Scudder), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904, p. 518. [Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.] 1904. Dichromorpha mexicana Bruner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., II, p. 87. {Sinaloa and Tepic, Mexico.] Aside from the longer tegmina and wings this species differs from viridis in the slightly more robust form and the more acute fastigium in both sexes. The range of this species now coyers three States or Territories on the west coast of Mexico—Sinaloa, Tepic and Jalisco. Dichromorpha longipennis Bruner. 1904. Dichromorpha longipennis Bruner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., II, p. 87. [Mexico.] = Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. August 20. 1 &. (J. F. Mc- Clendon, A. N.S. P.) ; This specimen is uniform brown and does not exhibit the green dorsum mentioned by Bruner as present in the type co. This the first definite record of the species. 10 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1905, p. 802. 1 Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., XX VII, p. 95, 1900 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., COCYTOTETTIX”™ n. n. 1900. Fenestra Bruner (not of Giglio-Tos), Acc. Gen. Spec. Locusts’Argent., pp. 22, 30.8% Included F. pulchripennis, intermedia and argentina Bruner, of which the first may be considered the type. This genus is quite distinct from any other, but is nearer to the North American Chloealtis than any South American type. The Matto Grosso C. linearis‘ is rather aberrant in the slender form, narrow tegmina, weaker carina and more hyaline wings. Cocytotettix pulchripennis (Bruner). 1900. Fenestra] pulchripennis Bruner, Acc. Gen. Spec. Locusts Argent., p. 30. [Argentina; open camp.] Carearaia, Santa Fé, Argentina. 2 oo’. (Through L. Bruner, AG UNES Sse) Cocytotettix intermedius (Bruner) 1900. Fenestra] intermedia Bruner, Acc. Gen. Spec. Locusts Argent., p. 31. [Carearana, Argentina.] Carecarafa, Santa Fe, Argentina. 2 Bruner, A. N.S. P.) The © of this species superficially remind one of the males of the certain species of the genus Syrbula. Kile Chhrouchwel TOXOPTERUS Bolivar. 1890. Toxopterus Bolivar, Anales Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., XIX, p. 313. Type.—T. miniatus Bolivar. This genus is rather aberrant and isolated in position in consequence, but its position is in the Orphulelle, and nearer to Cocytotettix than any other genus. The structure of the antenne is similar to that of Gomphocerus, but such resemblance is also found in Hritettix, which is a member of the Amblytropidizw, and are superficial and not of great taxonomic value. Toxopterus miniatus Bolivar. 1890. Toxopterus miniatus Bolivar, Anales Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., XIX, p. 314. [Cumbase, Peru.] Sapucay, Paraguay. January 18, 1903. January 28, February 6- 25, March 2-10, 1905. .7 oo’, 13 292. (Foster, Hebard Coll.) 2The genus Fenestra is invalid from Bruner (Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, XXXIII, p. 120, 1893), as he designates no named species for type or included forms. The first species named under the generic term Fenestra was F. bohlsii Giglio-Tos (Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VIL, p. 807, 1895), which, on a subse- quent page (p. 32), I will show to be the species later named Dichroatettix viridi- jrons Bruner, and for which the generic name Fenestra must be used. 13 Kwnuroc, shrieking, Te77/€, grasshopper; in allusion to the loud stridulations. 14 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXX, p. 374. 3 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 31 This series exhibits considerable variation in the intensity of the coloration, the dorsal aspect ranging in color from dull blackish brown to mottled ochre and umber and again washed with dull green. The paler lateral bands, including the ventral portion of the lateral lobes, pleura and caudal femora are distinct in all the specimens examined and in several are decidedly greenish; in these cases the gen are also colored. Some individuals are distinctly maculate, or might really be called tessellate, ochre and umber being the two colors. Considerable variation in the sharpness of the angle of the fastigium is also noticeable, and in both sexes. In some females the angle is almost as acute as in some males. The species has previously been recorded by Giglio-Tos* from Gualaquiza, Cuchipamba and the valley of Santiago, Ecuador. GOMPHOCERI. The South American genera of this group are six in number, three previously known and three recognized as the result of the present study. Of these genera two will be described in a subsequent paper, but they are mentioned here to show their position in the series. The genera would stand as follows: Fenestra Giglio-Tos (= Dichroatettix Bruner). Staurorhectus Giglio-Tos. Tsonyx n. gen. Borellia n. gen. Stereotettix n. gen. ’ Tristira Bruner. The first genus is quite distinct, as is the second. The next three genera, Isonyx, Borellia and Stereotettix, show some characters in common, but differ in a number of others, such as the position of the lateral foveolee and the relative proportion of the spurs. The last, Tristira, is a quite distinct type, much isolated from the others and immediately recognizable by its peculiar facies. FENESTRA Giglio-Tos. 1895. Fenestra Giglio-Tos, Zoolog. Jahrbiicher, Syst. Abth., VIII, p. 807. Type.—F. bohlsit Giglio-Tos. 1900. Dichroatettix Bruner, Acc. Genera Spec. Locusts Argent., pp. 22, 32. As I have stated on a previous page (p. 30) these names apply to the same genus and species. As there stated Fenestra is invalid from Bruner, 1893,° on account of the lack of a type or included named % Bollett. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIII, No. 311, p. 39. 1 Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, XX XIII, p. 120. 32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., species. The only information we have is a footnote to the extent that ‘‘Ce genre est fondé sur une espéce de Buenos Aires.’’? The next use of the name is by Giglio-Tos, who placed the species in hand in that genus, in spite of the sanguineous wings, which appendages were stated to be hyaline by Bruner. Bruner was apparently unacquainted with the paper of Giglio-Tos and erected a new genus Dichroatettix for a species, which is undoubtedly the same as F’. bohlsii Giglio-Tos, while Fenestra was applied to three species, which therefore require a new generic name, a want supplied on a previous page of this paper.” This genus is related to the North American genera Napaia and Horesidotes. It can be distinguished from the former by the less expanded antenne, the strongly constricted lateral carine of the pro- notum, the subequal prozona and metazona, the distinctly angulate caudal margin of the pronotum, the longer tegmina with more definite venation and the very peculiar cerci. From Horesidotes (which has not been examined) it appears to differ in that the occiput has no distinct median carina, the caudal margin is more angulate and the lateral lobes of the pronotum are deeper than long. Fenestra bohlsii Giglio-Tos. 1895. Flenestra] bohlsii Giglio-Tos, Zoolog. Jahrbiicher, Syst. Abth., VIII, p. 807. [Paraguay.] 1900. Dichroatettix viridifrons Bruner, Acc. Gen. Spec. Locusts Argent., p. 33, figs. 9 and 10. [Cordoba and Carearafia, Argentina.] Cordoba, Argentina. 1’. (Through L. Bruner, U. 8. N. M.) Sapucay, Paraguay. January 24, 26, February 13 and March 2- 21,1905. 50 oh,10 299. (Foster, Hebard Coll.) This series shows that the green color of the face is not present in some of the females, and in such as it is present the lateral lobes of the pronotum are always, and generally also the dorsum, the pleura and the caudal femora, except the apices, of the same color. All the males examined have the face green. In some specimens the dorsum of the pronotum is without the velvety black patches seen in others, in fact about half the specimens are without them. Size, as exhibited “The name Dichroatettiz might with justice be used for this genus if the un- identifiability of the Brunnerian genus Fenestra precludes its use by Giglio-Tos. As an unidentifiable name requires different treatment from a nomen nudum the use of Fenestra once in such a way would by some be considered to preclude its subsequent use, its existence terminating as a name when considered unidentifi- able. A nomen nudum, being considered to express nothing definite, can be properly used by a later author from whom it dates. An unidentifiable name, on the other hand, represents something imperfectly and improperly presented and should be discarded for all time. I have presented both views, the proper presentation of the name by a later author and the complete elimination of the name, and leave others to choose for themselves. In any case Giglio-Tos’s species bohisti would stand. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 33 by this series, is subject to little variation. Some of the females show considerable variation in the angle of the fastigium. STAURORHECTUS Giglio-Tos.!* 1897. Staurorhectus Giglio-Tos, Bollett. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, XII, No. 302, p. 25. Type.—S. longicornis Giglio-Tos. This genus is apparently closer related to Chorthippus (Stenobothrus) than to any other genus of the group, the tegmina of the male being rather similar in some species, but the lateral foveole are very weak, the lateral carine of the pronotum are much less distinct and the caudal femora slenderer. Staurorhectus longicornis Giglio-Tos. 1897. S[taurorhectus] longicornis Giglio-Tos, Bollett. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, XII, No. 302, p. 26. [San Lorenzo and Tala, Argentina; Caiza, Bolivia.] Campo Santo, Bolivia.® 1c. (Borelli, A. N.S. P.) San Lorenzo, Jujuy, Argentina. 1 2. (Borelli, A. N.S. P.) Sapucay, Paraguay. March 2-27, 1905. 12 oo’, 87 22. (Foster, Hebard Coll.) The interesting series listed above exhibits a very great range of variation with four distinct color forms in the 2 ; the @ is more uni- formly colored. These forms I will designate a, b, c and d, lettering from the most diversified to the most uniform type. Type a. A median longitudinal line from fastigium to tip of teg- mina buff, flanked by lines of blackish brown on pronotum and teg- mina, on the latter occupying all except a narrow proximal costal line of pale yellow. Lateral carine distinct, light, slightly constricted. Light bar on head shghtly margined with brownish. Remainder of lateral aspect, and caudal femora except the dorsal blackish line and the reddish distal section, grass green. Represented by twelve speci- mens. Type b. Similar to type a, but green replaced by ochraceous brown. Represented by eight specimens. Typec. The dorsal median line in this type is almost lost and nearly concolorous with the lateral bars, so that dorsum from the fastigium caudad is nearly uniform. Represented by six specimens. 8 Tt is quite possible this may prove to be the same as Compsacris Bolivar (Anales Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., XIX, p. 314, 1890) based on one species—C. pulcher—trom ‘* Villa Bella en el Pert,’’ which is apparently Villa Bella, Bolivia, at the junction of the Beni and Mamore rivers. If such should prove to be the ease Compsacris would replace Stawrorhectus. None of the species examined by the author are closely related to C. pulcher judging from the description. ; eas as above, but Campo Santo, Salta Province, Argentina, is probably intended, 5 CL ae PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb. Type d. Tegmina colored much as in type a, but head, pronotum, pleura and limbs suffused with rose red, the usual markings being only faintly indicated. Represented by eleven specimens. The largest 2 specimen (38 millimeters in length of body) belongs to type c, the smallest (30 millimeters) to type a. The typical 2 re- ceived from the Turin Museum has been immersed in a liquid preserva- tive and it is impossible to tell to which type it belongs. One & individual has a coloration which would be considered type c. while the other males are of a type which approximates closer to the 2 type b with, however, some greenish, but not on the caudal femora. The curve of the fastigium of the female varies from arcuate to dis- tinctly angulate, and is more excavated in some than in others. Staurorhectus glaucipes n. sp. Type: 2; Sapucay, Paraguay. March 8, 1905. (Foster; No. 32.) Hebard Collection. Allied to S. longicornis Giglio-Tos, but considerably smaller and slenderer with the fastigium more acute, the frontal costa more sul- cate, the lateral foveol of the vertex practically suppressed, the ulnar Fig. 9.—Stawrorhectus glaucipes n. sp. Lateral view of type. (X 2.) area of the teemina without a distinct longitudinal dividing vein, no distinct continuous intercalary vein present, and possessing a char- acteristic coloration which does not appear to vary appreciably in a series of ten females. Size rather small; form moderately slender. Head distinctly shorter than the pronotum, the occiput not elevated and gently arched longi- tudinally; fastigium shorter than the width at the cephalic angle of the eyes, slightly acute, the apex rounded, margins with a narrow semicircular depression, no median carina present; lateral foyeole not distinet, ventrad; face considerably retreating, the apex acute when viewed laterad; frontal costa moderately wide, margins subparallel, reaching to the clypeus, sulcate from dorsad of the antenne ventrad; eyes elongate-ovoid, very slightly longer than the infraocular sulcus; antenn considerably exceeding the head and pronotum together in 1906.) NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 35 length, nearly two-thirds the length of the tegmen, moderately depressed proximad and very slightly dilated. Pronotum moderately rounded but with a perceptible dorsal flattening; cephalic margin slightly arcuate, caudal margin broadly obtuse-angulate with the angle rounded, no lateral carine present, but a moderate shoulder developed on the metazona; greatest caudal width contained about one and two- thirds in the length, metazona regularly and closely, but not deeply, punctate; three distinct transverse sulci present on the dorsum, the caudal only intersecting the median carina, which is distinct and regular ; lateral lobes with the dorsal length very considerably greater than the depth, ventral margin sinuato-angulate. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes slightly longitudinal; interspace between the meta- sternal lobes hardly narrower than between the mesosternal lobes, pentagonal. Tegmina very slightly exceeding the apex of the abdo- men, but falling considerably short of the caudal femora; marginal field with a very slight proximal dilation, apex rather narrowly rounded, no intercalary vein present. Wings ample. Abdomen consider- ably compressed. Caudal femora considerably inflated proximad, the distal section quite slender, pattern of the pagina very distinct, regu- lar; caudal tibize very slightly shorter than the femora, gently sinuate, the external margins with eleven or twelve spines, internal spurs slightly unequal; tarsi with distinct, rounded arolia. General color apple green, becoming more oil green on the caudal femora. Two broad lines, one on each side, of vandyke brown start from the margins of the fastigium, cross the dorsum of the eyes, extend over the pronotum, and on the tegmina broaden out and occupy the entire discoidal and all except the proximal portion of the marginal fields. On the head the color of these bars is decidedly blackish brown, about true vandyke brown on the pronotum, becoming dilute and fainter as the stripe broadens on the tegmina, while along the ventral margins of these bars the green is touched with yellowish, while the light Fig. 10. —Stauro- : C 2 : rhectus glaucipes proximal section of the marginal field is cream n.sp. Dorsal view color. Antenne vandyke brown with the proxi- beat ae mal joint green; eyes tawny-olive and bistre mot- 63) a” tled; caudal femora with the genicular regions laterad and ventrad black, the pagina with a dorsal longitudinal bar of 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., olive, except for a pregenicular annulus of clear green; caudal tibie bice green, the genicular section blackish and the distal portion slightly suffused with brownish, spines and spurs tipped with black. Measurements. Length’of bodys. eae Meee ee) oy is. 26.4 Gite LENO ORTMONIN, eg tk a Length of teemens Sia an eer tite, - 19, Lenya Canlliionmir . o . 2 . & se 4. WGgye A paratypic series of nine males have also been examined, the dates being as follows: December 21, 1904; January 26, February 15, March 7,18 and 21, 1905. This series is rather uniform in size, two females, however, being appreciably smaller than the others. In color one specimen has the green more glaucous, while several others show a tendency in the same direction. One specimen has the caudal femora, the lateral lobes and the face suffused with orange vermilion. The intensity of the longitudinal bars appears to vary very little; on the tegmina, however, some specimens are more strongly colored than others. ISONYX n. gen.?° “AThis genus probably is closer related to Borellia Rehn™ than to Staurorhectus, and may possibly be considered a distinct and separate type with no close relationship to either the above mentioned genera. The characters are so contradictory and the facies so different that the author does not feel justified in making detailed comparisons, but prefers to present the rather striking features of the form in the general description. It might be added that this position is assigned to Tsonyx after studying all the South American Gomphoceri, both genera and species. : Isonyx paraguayensis 0. sp. Types: o! and 9. Sapucay, Paraguay. February 12 (2) and 27 (%), 1905. (Foster; Nos. 24 and 165.) Hebard Collection. Size rather small; form moderately compressed and slender; surface subsericeous. Head slightly (oc) or considerably (2) shorter than the pronotum, the occiput very slightly elevated and rounded; fasti- gium subrectangulate in the male, obtuse-angulate in the female, very much shorter than the width at the cephalic angle of the eyes, margins 20 Tooc, equal; ovux, claw. 5 2 Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, XXX p. 379. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 37 distinct with a broad sublunate intermarginal depression, no median carina present, fastigium when viewed laterad moderately declivent; Fig 11.—Isonyx paraguayensis n. gen. and sp, Lateral view of female type. (xX 3.) dorsal section of the face vertical, ventrad of the antenn consider- ably (c') or gently (2) retreating; lateral foveole distinct, cephalic well impressed and excavated, sublanceolate; frontal costa strongly compressed dorsad, regularly expanding ventrad of the antenne to the clypeus, with an additional rotundate expansion at the ocellus, slightly suleate ventrad of the ocellus; eyes suboyate in the male, subovoid in the female, flattened cephalad in the latter sex, moderately prominent Fig. 12.—Isonyx paraguayensis n. gen. Fig. 13.—Isonyx paraguayensis n. gen. and sp. Dosal view of head and and sp. Lateral view of abdomen pronotum of female type. (x 3.) of male type. (xX 6.) in the male when viewed dorsad;antenne subequal to the head and pronotum in length in the male, slightly shorter in the female. Pro- notum deplanate dorsad, the greatest caudal width contained about once and a quarter in the length; cephalic margin subtruncate, caudal 38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., margin obtuse-angulate in both sexes; median carina distinct but not high, severed by the third sulcus slightly cephalad of the middle; lateral carine clepsydral, strongly constricted to the first suleus, ab- sent between the first and second, straight between the second’ and third, wider spaced caudad of the third sulcus than cephalad of it, arcuate diverging caudad; lateral lobes with the greatest dorsal length slightly less than the greatest depth, the ventral margin sinuato- angulate, a weak shoulder running diagonally . yentro-cephalad on the prozona. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes sub- quadrate in the male, slightly transverse in the female; metasternal lobes contiguous caudad in the male, separated by a small ovate space in the female. Tegmina slightly exceeding the tips of the caudal femora, the tips rounded, costal margin with the proximal lobe small and low; interealary vein present, distinct but irregular, and becoming lost proximad in the reticulations; ulnar area with a longitudinal dividing vein as distinct as the intercalary in the male, more distinct and regular in the female. Wings ample. Abdomen considerably compressed ; cerci of the male styliform, apex rather blunt; subgenital plate of the male somewhat contracted and turned in dorsad, apex moderately acute and but slightly produced. Cephalic and median limbs rather slender, more robust and somewhat inflated in the male. Caudal femora quite robust, considerably inflated, pagina sharply but not very deeply sculptured ; caudal tibize shightly shorter than the femora and with a hardly perceptible sinuation, lateral margins with ten spines in the male and nine in the female, internal spurs moderately arcuate, equal; tarsi with distinct arolia. General color vandyke brown, mottled and overlaid with seal brown, clove brown and blackish. Eyes cinnamon (c’) or mummy brown (2); occiput with two dark arcuate, diverging bars extending caudad from between the eyes. Pronotum with the lateral carine, lateral sections of the dorsum of the metazona and the extreme upper portions of the lateral lobes seal brown or blackish, leaving a unicolor median bar extending from the fastigium to the caudal margin of the prono- tum, which is more or less hazel in the male and apple green in the female; remaining section of the lateral lobes mottled and lined. Tegmina with a longitudinal diseoidal series of quadrate clove brown spots, the marginal field in the female touched proximad with apple green, and the sutural margin in the male with a touch of vinaceous- cinnamon. Limbs mottled and faintly annulate with the general colors, the caudal femora blackish in the genicular region and with the dorso-lateral face marked with several velvety seal brown spots, 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 39 one submesad and another nearer the base; caudal tibie dull olive with a faint proximal lighter annulus, the spines and spurs tipped with black; tarsi soiled greenish with the proximal part of the first joint, the whole second and the tip of the third blackish. Measurements. of 2 Length of body, sa ee pe og ellcrfaaanone HAIN Meech oo Weucthvoh pronotume | 5... = « 6 oa 4.3 “ Length of tegmen, ee Le eee Bh ceegeermias io ete SiS ikenothiohcaudaliiemuryee 2 4 2 4 2 se LOSE 1S A paratypic series of six females has also been examined (February 13, 15 and 27, March 17 and 21, 1905). This series shows that the species varies somewhat but not greatly in size, and the coloration presents a considerable range of base tones and finer definition of markings without much modification of such pattern as is found in the types. Two specimens are touched with green as in the 2 type, but both have it weaker on the head and tegmina, and the lateral carine are broadly marked with the same tint on the metazona, and the caudal femora have distinct oblique blackish bars. Other specimens have the lighter general colors replaced by ferruginous or wood brown, giving a warm rufescent type or a rather sandy form, while the femoral bars are present as variations irrespectively of color form All the females except the type have the lateral carine marked with lighter on the metazona. One of the rufescent' type has the dark colors all blackish, presenting a strong contrast with the other ferruginous patches. SCYLLINZA. After examining individuals of all the genera of the Scylline except Eupnigodes McNeill and Zapata Bruner, the following arrangement of the genera seems to be desirable as it appears to express their natural relations: Bodpedon Thomas. Euplectrotettix Bruner. Scyllina Stal. Eupnigodes McNeill. Zapata Bruner. Psoloessa Scudder. Stirapleura Seudder. Ageneotettix McNeill. Aulocara Scudder. Lngurotettiz McNeill. 40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., The position of Hupnigodes and Zapata is taken from other authors, while Ligurotettix is placed here instead of in the Epacromia, as it is quite different from Mecostethus and Epacromia, approaching Aulocara in some respects. While no doubt somewhat aberrant Ligurotettix is clearly a member of the Scylline, the intercalary vein, for example, being no stronger than is the case in many specimens of Aulocara. EUPLECTROTETTIX Bruner. 1900. Huplectrotettix Bruner, Acc. Gen. Spec. Locusts Argent., pp. 23, 38 (Lupletrotettix laps. p. 38). Included E. jerrugineus, conspersus, schulzi and prasinus Bruner, of which ferrugineus may be considered the type. Eupleotrotettix ferrugineus Bruner. 1900. FHuplectrotettix ferrugineus Bruner, Acc. Gen. Spec. Locusts Argent., p. 39. [Sandy knolls about Asuncion, Paraguay; Territory of Formosa, Argentina. ] Sapucay, Paraguay. February 13, 1903; December 16, 1904; Janu- ary 26, February 10-25, March 2-19, 1905. 90'c',10 22. (Foster, Hebard Coll.) These specimens are all larger than the measurements given by Bruner, but otherwise do not appear to materially differ. The series is quite uniform in size, and an average GO’ and 2 measure as follows: of 2 eng thkoi body-um use Maen wen os) e) 2) Ssoemm tn 2 5 rma LEAN Oi ROME, 5 5 5 2» 6 5 o 6 ou 4.8 “ Length of tegmen, ii li alls, gaia Rael Sa LA Rd US )e. re DA ae ene throficaudallfenuT se en cee ee lleome: Wey, Two distinct types of coloration are present, one irregularly mottled and washed with fuscous, the other with a light orange ochraceous median bar on the head and pronotum, flanked by blackish lateral lines, which are filiform on the head and broader on the pro- notum. The tegmina in the latter type also possess a pair of light parallel longitudinal lines on the anal areas. The indications of femoral bars mentioned by Bruner are quite strong in nearly all the females and several of the males examined, while the blackish genicular region of the Gc’ and the orange-red abdomen of the same sex are quite striking. SCYLLINA Stal. 187 . Scyllina Stal, Recensio Orthopterorum, I, p. 112. Included S. peragrans (Stal) and S. viatoria (Saussure) of which 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 41 the former is the type, the latter having been removed to Plectro- phorus (= Plectrotettiz) by McNeill. 1895. Pseudostauronotus Giglio-Tos, Zool. Jahrb., Abth. Syst., VIII, p. 808. Type.—P. brunneri Giglio-Tos. 1897. Plectrophorus McNeill, Proc. Davenp. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, p. 198, 251, pl. 4, fig. 21 [not of Férussac, 1819]. Included Stenobothrus viatorius and gregarius Saussure. 1897. Plectrotettix McNeill, Psyche, VIII, p. 71. Of the various species here considered a series of one hundred and fifty-six specimens have been examined, including typical material of the five species described by Bruner. Thorough consideration of this material shows that no tangible characters exist for separating Scyllina, Pseudostauronotus and Plectrotettix even as subgenera as proposed by Bruner.” The characters on which the subdivisions were there made are: the presence or absence of an intercalary vein in the post-radial area, the cells of this region being accordingly arranged in two series or else irregularly reticulate; the caudal lobe of the pronotum either subequal to or longer than the cephalic; the inner claw of the hind tibiew more or not more than twice the length of the outer, and the number of spines on the outer margin of the hind tibize (9 to 12 or 13 to 16). : The first of these characters can usually be depended upon as stable, but in this genus the intercalary vein is by no means a stable character being present or absent in individuals of the same species, and in some cases varying in an individual to the extent that it is distinct on one tegmen and absent on the other. The proportions of the lobes of the pronotum are also found to vary, as in species belonging unquestion- ably to the section supposed to have subequal divisions the caudal section distinctly exceeds the cephalic in length, while the reverse is the case in other species. The length and shape of the tibial claws while diagnostic when the type species alone are compared, is without value when other forms are considered; specimens of varipes, which is allied to conspersa, has the spurs no longer than is found in Mexican forms referred to Plectrotettiz. The number of tibial spines is a char- acter which appears unworthy of use in separating subgenera, especially when the extent of variation is such as to cause great doubt as to which division a particular specimen belongs. While the type of the genus Gomphocerus (Epacromia) peragrans Stal,* has not been recognized since the original description, a cir- ecumstance probably due to the fact that the type locality is an unfre- 2 Biol. Cent. Amer., Orth., II, pp. 99-100. 28 Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa, Zool., I, p. 343, 1860. [Puna.] 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., quented one, the description is such that it could be identified with little difficulty. The name Pseudostauronotus was proposed by Giglio-Tos under the impression that the type, brunneri, was a member of the very insuffi- ciently described genus to which Brunner applied the same name two years previously.*4 As Brunner’s name rests on a description of seven words without included species or type mentioned, it is really a nomen nudum and as such not invalidating the later use of the name by Giglio- Tos, even when used in misapprehension. Scudder has shown?’ from the evidence of material sent him by Brunner that Pseudostawronotus of that author equals his much older Stirapleura. Some species of the genus appear to resemble species of Bodpedon, others forms of Stirapleura and several have a striking superficial resemblance to forms of the Locustine genus Schistocerca. The fol- lowing arrangement appears to present their relationship as clearly as possible in a linear arrangement. Species but little variegated, the coloration rather uniform; lateral carine of the pronotum moderately arcuate, not prominent; super- ficially resembling Bodpedon. Scyllina uniformis Rehn. Scyllina instabilis n. sp. Types: co’ and 2; Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. September 5, 1900. (Adolph Hempel; No. 202.) A. N.S. Phila. This species is closely allied to S. wniformis, but differs in the sharper caudal angle of the pronotum, the longer metazona of the pronotum (much longer than the prozona), the slightly narrower interspace be- tween the eyes and the rather different type of coloration. Size medium; form robust. Head with the fastigium broad, rounded rectangulate, depressed area crescentic, interspace between the eyes equal to the interantennal width of the frontal costa, lateral foveole oblong, punctate, slightly impressed; viewed laterad the fastigium rounds into the frontal costa without angle; frontal costa broad, sub- equal, slightly constricted above the antennz, two rows of punctures dorsad; supplementary facial carine indistinct ventrad; eyes acute reniform, slightly longer than the infraocular portion of the gene; antenne slender, slightly depressed proximad. Pronotum with the cephalic margin arcuato-truncate, caudal margin obtuse- angulate, sharper in the male than in the female; median carina rather high, distinct, cut slightly cephalad of the middle by the % Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, XX XIII, p. 123, 1893. 3% Canad. Entom., XXIX, p. 76, 1897. 1906. ] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 43 distinct transverse sulcus; lateral carine distinct cephalad and caudad, subobsolete mesad with the constriction slight; lateral lobes slightly over half as deep again as long, cephalic and caudal margins subparallel, ventral margin rounded obtuse-angulate. Tegmina distinctly (co) or moderately exceeding the apex of the abdomen, but only slightly exceeding the tips of the caudal femora; costal expansion slight, ow, apex rotundato-truncate; postradial area irregularly areolate. Ceph- alic and median limbs rather slender, .Qaudal femora robust, inflated, the distal portion slenderer and jwith,the,pregenicular portion con- stricted, carinee strongly ribbed, patterngf the pagina distinct and regular; caudal tibie with eleven spings, laterad, longer internal spur slightly more than twice the length of the shorter, sharply curved distad but not distinctly hooked. Figs. 14 and 15.—Scyllina instabilis n. sp. Female type. Dorsal view of head and pronotum and lateral view. (X 1%.) General color ranging from ochraceous-rufous (male) to dull hazel and clay color (female). Head with a blackish postocular bar distinct in the male, slight in the female; infraocular line very distinct in the male, absent in the female; lateral margins of the frontal costa and ventral portion of the lateral foveole lined with blackish, more distinct in the male than in the female; face and sides of the head blotched with a darker brown in the female; eyes rather cinnamon in the male, pale isabella color in the female; antennz of the general color. Pro- notum of the male clear ochraceous-rufous, with the lateral earine slightly marked cephalad, the lateral lobes with a broad 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {Feb., blackish bar extending from the principal transverse suleus dorsad obliquely ventrad to the ventro-cephalic angle; of the female with a dorsal eross imperfectly indicated by dull hazel on a clove brown ground, lateral lobes reddish clay color with weak longi- tudinal blotches of broccoli brown. Tegmina with the anal area obsolete maculations in both sexes, those of the female more distinct than those of the male, remainder with rather narrow rather regularly disposed transverse bars of Be brown, which are weaker distad than proximad in the female, bu®4in#f4rm in strength in the male. Limbs cream buff marked with !eld¥e! Bown ; caudal femora cream ochra- ceous-rufous dorsad in the Tha hot barred, in the female hazel with four rather weak transverse bars of dull brown, carine of the lateral face dotted with blackish, the pattern of the pagina outline in brown- ish; ventral face very dark verditer blue; caudal tibie ranging from orange-vermilion (male) or chinese orange (female) proximad to ma- roon purple (male) or burnt carmine (female), spine blackish at the tips. Measurements. Weve IOC, 2 2 6 5 5» 2 oe 5 eS iooMm, ye} ata ILSaVetiln OH joo. gy) G2 % Leneth of tegmen, Md 20) ak ee ee ae) 28:5 Length of caudal femur, Meee Ont” U8 oe PAN ge In addition to the types a paratypic series of five males (September 5 and 14, 1900) have been examined. Considerable color variation is presented by this series, which is roughly divisible into three types; one (a) with the dorsum of the pronotum unicolorous, which is repre- sented by the type alone, another (b) with a rather pale median pro- notal line flanked laterad by blackish, represented by three individuals, and a third (c) with a pronotal cross as in the 2 with the caudal margin of the pronotum as pale as the cross, represented by two specimens. The median pale line is distinctly carried to the tips of the tegmina in one of type b, while the transverse tegminal bars are rather regular and distinct, though not complete in some specimens; a pale proximal tegminal line is present in two individuals of type 6. The dorsum of the caudal femora is distinctly barred in both of type c, and faintly in one of type b, while the lateral face shows distinct oblique bars in several specimens. The color of the caudal tibize in all males other than the type is as in the 2 type. A single c specimen from Sapucay, Para- guay (III 9.05; Foster, No. 195 part), in the Hebard Collection, is referred to this species. It presents a rather different appearance 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 45 when compared with the typical series, but the differences are wholly of color. The dorsum of the pronotum is to a large extent velvety black, broken at the sulci, while the lateral carinzee are marked as in specimens of type c, but darker, with the median longitudinal bar present. Scyllina picta (Bruner). 1900. P{lectrotettix] pictus Bruner, Acc. Genera Spec. Locusts Argent., p. 37, fig. 18. [Cordoba and Sante Fé Provinces, Carcarafia and Rosario, Argentina.] A topotypic series of three males and three females from Carcarafia, collected by Bruner, have been examined. This species is only known from Cordoba and Sante Fé Provinces, Argentina. Soyllina brunneri (Giglio-Tos). Sapucay, Paraguay. February 13, 1905. 1 @. (Foster, Hebard Coll.) This specimen is considerably darker than any strongly marked specimen of this species seen. The whole insect is quite dark except for the light femoral bars, but the pattern is still distinctly visible, the medio-dorsal and lateral bars being present, and the tegminal streak clear apple green. The size of this specimen is slightly greater than Matto Grosso specimens. Scyllina pratensis (Bruner). 1904. [Plectrotettix] pratensis Bruner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., II, p. 100. [Pernambuco, Brazil.] Paratypic specimens, a d’ and °, of this species, loaned by Prof, Bruner, have been examined. They differ from brasiliensis in the slightly smaller size, rather slenderer form, less divergent carine of the pronotum and the more acute fastigium. The color of the caudal tibize is of little diagnostic value, as in other species of the genus, the male in hand having them wholly red, the female ochraceous with the dorsal surface purplish distad and reddish proximad. Measurements of paratypes. ~A ; ie) Ibeinin Oi shi, 5 2 6) 5 5 5 2 « © Albumen, Aogssraaior's ILSMCHAN OH ROMO SG Oma Length of tegmen, ee ees Oe lca 23.5 “* Length of caudal femur, Tey EO) Scyllina gregaria (Saussure). 1861. St[enobothrus] gregarius Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2e sér., XIII, p. 318. [St. Thomas; Haiti.] b 1903. Plectrotettix gregarius Rehn, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., X XIX, p. 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb. 133. [Utuado, Arroyo, Bayamon and Mayaguez, Porto Rico; Culebra and Vieques Islands.] A 2 from Vieques Island has been examined in this connection. The species is closely related to pratensis, but differs in the narrower space between the eyes and the greater interantennal constriction of the frontal costa. It is interesting to note that the known ranges of these very closely related species are separated by a distance of over two thousand miles, in the land areas of which, as far as at present known, no species of the genus is found. Scyllina brasiliensis (Bruner). 1904. [Plectrotettix] brasiliensis Bruner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., II, p. 100. [Southern Brazil.] Sapucay, Paraguay. 1 o,1 2. Prof. Bruner’s Coll. Sapucay, Paraguay. January 28, February 2-27, March 6-10, 1905. 11 Mo’, 20 2 2. (Poster, Hebard Coll.) Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Sep- tember 1-14, 1900. 430,622. (Hempel, A. N.S. P.) The Sapucay specimens loaned by Prof. Bruner are marked as types, although the locality southern Brazil is given with the original brief description. The variation in the intensity of the markings of this species is quite considerable. The males appear to be, for this genus, rather uniform in coloration, and the variation in size is not very great. The females, however, vary greatly in the amount and shade of green coloring, some having the dorsal face of the caudal femora, head and the greater portion of the pronotum and pleura rather pale apple green, while others have these parts mottled and overlaid more or less strongly with dull brown. In a few specimens the green, except the tegminal bar, is wholly replaced with a shade of brown, but in such cases the pattern remains the same. In the material examined but very few specimens have the characteristic pattern obscured and even in those cases it is not obliterated. As a series the females are quite uniform in size, one Sapucay female, however, being quite large. This latter individual is also very deeply colored, The measurements of Bruner’s Sapucay specimens and the large ? mentioned above are as follows: Bruner. BRUNER. LARGE. ot 2) o Geng thyotibody, 5 02) ee2oso mms oO: smmme me o4eo mma. ILIA Oi joo, 5 4. «4 ., « 4 & CRs ay Length of tegmen, jae a ee eee 26.8 “ ZOO as Length of caudalfemur, . : . .15 “ PA) ee Dap nssy 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 47 The records of this species given above cover the known region, from Sao Paulo, Brazil, to western Paraguay. Soyllina conspersa (Bruner). 1904. [Plectrotettix] conspersus Bruner, Biol. Cent.-Amer. Orth., II, p. 100 [No locality.] Sapueay, Paraguay. December 17, 1901; December 16, 1904. January 26 and 28, February 8-15,1905. 90,11 22. (Foster, Hebard Coll.) Through the kindness of Prof. Bruner I have before me the type of this species, a 2 from Sapucay, Paraguay. From the material in hand it appears that this species has several color forms, as in brunnert and other species. The type has the dorsal surface of the head and pronotum uniform wood brown without cruciform markings or longi- tudinal median stripe, and a majority of the females and several of the males examined belong to this type. Several males and females have the dorsum dark with weak, but distinct, cruciform pronotal markings and a longitudinal light bar of variable prominence, in some cases absent. In about half the specimens the heavy blackish markings on the lateral lobes of the pronotum and caudad and ventrad of the eyes are distinct, while the dorsal bars of the caudal femora are dis- tinct in the greater number, weak and interrupted in several others including the type, dorso-lateral carina of the femora marked ventrad with blackish in all specimens, very distinct in some, broken and faint in others, the genicular lobes also blackish. Measurements of the type. ILemmin@iliesh, o of 5 5 6 o & 6 9 1h to so) Ben(fiemare ensth; of pronotum 7 aig tae ron he cee ike GQ = mene chivon beomncn esse) een mranAN Ee Us) ri 32-20 Length of caudal femur, 22.0 “ ‘Scyllina suffusa Rehn. Soyllina varipes (Bruner). 1905. Plectrotettix varipes Bruner, Entom. News, XVI, p. 214. [Sapucay, Paraguay.] Sapuecay, Paraguay. March 5 and 15, 1905. 4 co (Foster, Hebard Coll.) These specimens have been compared with typical individuals kindly loaned by Prof. Bruner. This species is very richly colored and one of the more easily recognized forms, the distinct femoral bars and the entirely black genicular region being quite striking in all the specimens examined. Considerable superficial resemblance exists to S. conspersa, which is found in the same locality, but the angle of the ONOly By =e 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., face and the shorter and heavier caudal femora, as well as the color of the caudal tibiz, serve to separate it without difficulty. In the case of this species and S. conspersa the colors of the tibia appear to be constant, all the specimens of conspersa examined having the distal section dark bluish, while the deep rich crimson of the distal two-thirds of varipes is clear and uniform in the whole series. Scyllina smithi Rehn. Soyllina borellii Giglio-Tos. Scyllina schistocercoides Rehn. Scyllina viatoria (Saussure). Specimens recorded by the author as this species from Texolo, La Joya, San Luis Potosi and Alta Mira, Tamaulipas, when re-examined in the light of recent work on the Mexican and Central American forms of the genus, prove to represent true viatoria. The males have the dorsal face of the caudal femora distinctly barred, while the females have these parts almost uniform green. Soyllina calida (Bruner). 1904. Plectrotettix calidus Bruner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., IH, p. 101 (Cuernavaca, Morelos and Guerrero, Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica.] Previous records of the author of vatoria from Cuernavaca, Uruapan, Gualajara, Zapotlanejo and Zapotlan should be referred to this species. The range of variation in size and coloration in this form is very great, some individuals having the colors weak and poorly defined, while other individuals from the same locality are quite richly colored. The width, number and intensity of the transverse bars of the tegmina also varies greatly as in some individuals they are as broad as the inter- vening sections, while in others they are broken, imperfect and rather pardaline in character and distribution. Soyllina excelsa (Bruner). 1904. Plectrotettix excelsus Bruner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., II, pp. 101-102. [Tlalpam and Tacubaya, Mexico.] A male and two females of this species from Tacubaya show that this is probably the most striking Mexican species. These individuals have been previously recorded by the author as viatoria. ‘The rather short tegmina, more robust form and heavier caudal femora will assist in separating this from the allied species. These specimens show practically no green, the light shades being ochres. PSOLOESSA Scudder. 1875. Psoloessa Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII, p. 512 Included P. texana, ferruginea and maculipennis Scudder, of which maculipennis can be considered the type. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 49 Psoloessa maculipennis Scudder. 1875. Psoloessa maculipennis Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII, p. 513. San Luis Potosi, Mexico. August 5, 1903. 1 2. (M. E. Hoag, AS INE Ses) This species has been recorded from Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California. Psoloessa buddiana Bruner. 1889. Psoloessa Buddiana Bruner, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XII, p. 61, t. I, fig. 6. (Carrizo Springs, Southwest Texas.] Zapotlan, Jalisco, Mexico, July 7, 1902. &, 2. (C. H. T. Town- send, A. N.S. P.) These specimens are referred here with some little doubt. The species has been recorded from Montelovez, Coahuila. STIRAPLEURA Scudder.** 1876. Stirapleura Seudder, Ann. Rep. Chief of U.S. Engineers, 1876, pt. 3, p. 510. Type.—Stirapleura decussata Scudder. Specimens of all the South American forms of this genus have been examined and the species are here listed to show their relationship. Stirapleura variabilis Bruner. Stirapleura signatipennis (Blanchard). 1851. (C£dipoda signatipennis Blanchard, in Gay, Hist. Fis. y Polit. de Chile, Zool., VI, p.. 79. [Coquimbo, Chili.] Penco, Chili. December, 1903. 722. (C.S. Reed, A. N.S. P.) Concepcion, Chili. 12. (C.S. Reed, A. N.S. P.) These specimens fully agree with Blanchard’s original description. This is the largest species of the genus, exceeding even the North American S. decussata. An average 2 measures as follows: henguhvolsbodiy, 0-1 0) suena erate ee yo ani 2D, Mm - ILGNVRnn Oi OROMONIEN, G5. 6 so oo oye ee 6 4.3 ° Length of tegmen, Poe ee eee = ee iQ), vets ens throlcaud allifenit een one enn IG: omic Stirapleura bruneri n. n. 1900. S[tirapleura] signatipennis Bruner (not (Cdipoda signatipennis Blanchard), Gen. Sp. Locusts Argent., p. 34. [Argentina from the Pampa Central and extending into Uruguay to the eastward.] This species is quite distinct from signatipennis Blanchard, as six 76 Saussure’s Stenobothrus chilensis (Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2e sér., XIII, p. 319, 1861) is no doubt a member of this genus, and possibly the male of signatipennis, the female being the only sex known to the author. The size given by him (length with elytra 15 mm.) is much too large for the male of humilis. 4 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Feb., specimens from Carcarafia, Argentina, determined by Bruner show. The Argentine form is smaller, with the lateral carine of the pronotum more constricted and the coloration more variable than in signatipennis. This is apparently one of the species on which Brunner erected his insufficiently characterized Pseudostauronotus,?? as specimens received from Saussure from Buenos Ayres bear the manuscript name Pseudo- stauronotus occidentalis. Stirapleura humilis (Blanchard). 1851. (Edipoda humilis Blanchard, in Gay, Hist. Fis. y Polit. de Chile, Zool., VI, p. 79. [Coquimbo, Chili.] Penco, Chili. November and December, 1903, and February, 1904. 17 oS, 16 QPL, 5 immat. (C.S. Reed, A. N.S. P.) Concepcion, Chili. November and December, 1903, and February, 1904. 200, 722,3immat. (Reed, A.N.S.P.) Coronel, Chili. January, 1904. 1c. (Reed, A.N.S.P.) Longuen, Chili. February, 1994. 200, 4 292. (Reed, A. N. S. P.) Guiltio, Chili. December, 1903. 2 380,629. (Reed, A.N.S.P.) Lota, Chili. October, 1903. 1c. (Reed, A. N.S. P.) This large series exhibits a very great amount of individual variation in size and color. The females range in total length from 13 to 20 millimeters, the males varying proportionately. The color ranges from a mottled black-brown and gray with femoral bars and weakly lateral carine of the pronotum, to another with the general color pale with broad dark lateral bars on the dorsum of the head and pronotum with a broad pale median bar, a longitudinal dark bar on the tegmina flanked toward the costa by a pale green line, and the femora with bars and suffused along the dorso-lateral carine with blackish. The latter type has the markings of the lateral lobes of the pronotum quite distinet and the genicular regions of the caudal femora and tibie are paler than in the other type, in which these portions are blackish. These differences are irrespective of locality and date, and are con- nected by dozens of intermediates. This species appears to fit Blanchard’s form, some specimens agree- ing very well with the rather vague description. It is apparently a common species. Stirapleura pallida Bruner. Stirapleura obscura Bruner. The position of this species is a little doubtful. In some respects it resembles bruneri, but its general characters approach brunnea. Stirapleura brunnea Rehn, 27 Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, XX XIII, p. 123, 1893. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 51 Marcu 6. The President, Samuget G. Drxon, M.D., in the Chair. One hundred and twenty-seven persons present. The death of William W. Jefferis, a member, February 24, 1906, was announced. The reception of a paper entitled ‘‘Phylogeny of the Races of Volutilithes petrosus,’’ by Burnett Smith, Ph.D. (February 23), was reported. Dr. Witt1am P. Witson made a communication on the Philippine Islands, their resources, their inhabitants and present progress toward independence. (No abstract.) Marcu 20. Mr. ARTHUR ERWIN Brown, Vice-President, in the Chair. Sixty-nine persons present. Miss Mary 8S. Holmes made a communication on the Dos Pueblos Cafion, California. (No abstract.) Francis William Rawle was elected a member. The following were ordered to be printed: 52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, PHYLOGENY OF THE RACES OF VOLUTILITHES PETROSUS. BY BURNETT SMITH, PH.D. INTRODUCTION. In a recent article‘ the author has described some of the shell char- acters which, occurring in the later stages of Gastropod ontogeny and phylogeny, mark the gerontic or senile condition of the individual or of the race. It was seen that these senile features may at times be as useful to the student of phylogeny as those of the earlier stages, which latter have always received the more attention. In the paper referred to, the attempt was made to show that the modern Fulgur carica of our New Jersey coast is the descendant of a main F. carica stock, which originated in Miocene time; and that such forms as PF. maximum and its allies, which had heretofore been regarded as ancestral by Grabau? and others, are in reality not so at all, but senile offshoots which at an early period in the history of the stock diverged from the main line of descent. The paucity of individuals representing the forms considered ancestral, and the extreme abundance of the speci- mens of senile forms, was a source of some embarrassment to the author. It is therefore with considerable satisfaction that I am now able, though in another genus (Volutilithes), to present a series in which the forms comprising the main ancestral stock are nearly as plentiful as those which represent the senile offshoots. The history of certain of the species of Volutilithes can be well traced in the Eocene of our Gulf States, but nowhere better than in Alabama, where the fine sections along the Alabama and Tombigbee rivers have furnished abundant material for the study of the geological and geo- graphical distribution of these forms. The races and species studied range from the Matthew’s Landing horizon in Alabama to the Jackson horizon in Mississippi, and therefore represent a fair proportion of the phylogenetic units through nearly the whole of the Eocene. They are likewise restricted to a small geographical area, and the geological s ections in which they appear are unusually good. ' Senility among Gastropods, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., May, 1905. * Studies’of Gastropoda, II—Fulgur and Sycotypus, Am. Nat., Vol. 37. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 53 The material“at my disposal is very full and complete,? and has enabled me to study large series of individuals. These series in each case represent the forms in the proportions in which they occur in the field, and therefore offer every opportunity for obtaining the average racial characters in any particular locality or horizon. MorPHonoey. The genus Volutilithes is widely distributed throughout our Southern Eocene. At some localities several sharp and distinct species occur, but at most of the localities Volutilithes is represented by one species and by a particular race of that species. The term race is used in place of variety, for in these assemblages the individuals frequently differ widely. There is, however, always an average of characters which stamps the stage of evolution which the race has attained. Of course, extreme specimens often have more of the features of some other race than of the race to which they belong, but these individuals are always few; and there is never any difficulty in recognizing the general race characters for any particular geographical point, and the phase of phylogenetic development found in the faunule at that point. In cases of this sort, the introduction of varietal and specific names is to be deprecated, and the adoption of the system of race analysis is strongly urged by the author. In the forms under consideration, the first two or three whorls are smooth and rounded, constituting the Smooth Stage. The first orna- mental feature to appear on the smooth, rounded whorl is the trans- verse rib, that is, a slight elevation on the whorl which runs across it from suture to suture. These early ribs are invariably curved slightly, and each one is simple and uniform from suture to suture. The curved ribs persist as a rule for about a quarter or a half of a whorl, or even for a much less space; in fact, sometimes we have only one or two of them. This Curved Rib Stage is short but remarkably constant, and though occasionally much suppressed, has been found in every species and race dealt with in this paper. The curved ribs, after about one-third of a whorl, change abruptly into the straight ribs of what has been designated the Cancellated 4 ° It forms part of the Isaac Lea Collection of Eocene Mollusca at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and was brought together largely by Mr. Charles W. Johnson, now of the Boston Society of Natural History. The col- lections are a tribute to his skill and perseverance as a collector, and are an example of what museum research collections should be. 4See Dall, Trans. Wag. Inst., Vol. IU, p. 68. 5k PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF (March, Stage, which begins by the appearance of two swellings or tubercles on each rib. One of these tubercles is near the suture, and the other at the position which is later occupied by the shoulder angle. They will be referred to as the suture and shoulder tubercles respectively. These two tubercles are often of nearly equal size at the start, though frequently the suture tubercle is the larger. Tubercles other than these two mentioned are seldom visible on an early rib; but when a sufficiently small shell is obtainable, other smaller tubercles can be seen upon each rib, and the tubercles diminish in size quite regularly from the suture tubercle downward. Lach tubercle is connected with the corresponding tubercle of the next rib by a faint spiral, the first appearance of the definite cancellation which later becomes more pronounced. In most specialized forms the shoulder angle develops shortly after the appearance of the tubercles. The cancellated condition is found more or less well developed in all the different races. In primitive species ° it may persist as a con- stant feature to the end of the individual’s life; but in most forms it covers only a few whorls and is more variable than the preceding Curved Rib Stage, in that certain of its features change as the shell grows. These changes are gradual, but they render the end of the Cancellated Stage much less definite than its beginning. They may be briefly summarized as follows: The tubercles, with the exception of the shoulder tubercle, usually tend to degenerate, and soon disappear, though their corresponding faint spirals may sometimes persist. The shoulder tubercle, on the contrary, becomes stronger and sharper. First the ribbing above the shoulder disappears, and later the ribbing below the shoulder shortens, and with its practical disappearance what might be termed the Spiny Stage is inaugurated. In the Spiny Stage the shoulder tubercle is now sharp and spine-like. Other tubercles have disappeared and the spirals are, as a rule, re- stricted to the region of the anterior siphon. Ribbing has practically gone, but very short rudiments may sometimes still be present below the shoulder spines. The commencement of this stage is never sharp, for it is the result of gradual change from the preceding one.® It is 5In Am. Nat. for 1902, Vol. 36, p. 926, Grabau says: ‘‘It is perhaps not too much to say that in the majority of the larger phyletic series, except those highly specialized, the radicle is a smooth, round-whorled form, succeeded by types in which the adults are ribbed, and later cancellated, after which progressive modi- fication may be carried further.’’ * No morphological distinction is made between spine and tubercle, ‘‘The writer considers that the difference between the small rounded tubercle of the early whorls and the large, sharp spine of the later whorl is one merely of degree. 1906.) NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. A5 not reached in all species, but occurs usually as the end term of normal progressive development in the ontogeny, and of slow.and even evolu- tion in the phylogeny. The Spiny Stage, then, may sometimes be present as a well-defined stage, but it may also be accompanied by extreme individual variation and by features of senility. These latter characterize the Senile Stage, and may follow regularly after the Spiny Stage; but, as stated above, they not infrequently are thrown back by acceleration, and found together in the same whorl with the features of the Spiny Stage. The Senile Stage, whether following normally after the Spiny Stage or associated with it, is always easily distinguished. In the forms under consideration its most important features are the following: 7 1. Tendency for the shoulder spines to pass into a shoulder keel. 2. Irregularity of growth lines. 3. Thickening of the shell. 4. Encroachment of the anal siphon upward on the preceding whorl. 5. Protrusion of the mantle in the region of the anal siphon, pro- ducing a smoothing of the preceding whorl by a shelly overgrowth. These five characters are all sometimes found together in one in- dividual or race, but, as arule, only two or three of them are so asso- ciated. In studying the development of the shell features, each whorl has been taken up in detail, and its particular ornamental characteristics noted: Of course, this system is more or less arbitrary, and at times | Fig. 1.—Line shows position taken for the end of the first whorl. inaccurate, on account of the acceleration of features in certain in- dividuals. In the following study, the writer has endeavored to get the average characters for a certain whorl, except where individual variation is great. In this latter case the variations are noted. The word spine is therefore used, throughout this paper, simply in a descriptive sense, and implies no difference from the early tubercle, except that it is larger and sharper. Both are produced by the same fold in the mantle, and every gradation between the two is observable.’’ Smith, Burnett, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., May, 1905, p. 347. This opinion is quite different from that held by Grabau (see Am. Nat., Vols. 36, 37). 7 For a discussion of senility see Smith, Burnett, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., May, 1905. 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, In counting the whorls, it has been attempted to have the end of the first whorl come in about the position shown in the figure. It is impossible to make an absolutely exact count, but if care is used there will seldom be much of an error in the last whorl. As stated above, the method is purely arbitrary, but it seemed to the writer to be the only practical way in which the statistics of the development of orna- mental features could be arranged. Fig. 2.—Volutilithes limopsis Conrad. Matthew’s Landing, Ala. Apex enlarged, showing smooth stage followed by the curved rib stage, which begins in the latter part of whorl four. Whorl five shows the cancellated stage. Length =1.6 mm. Volutilithes limopsis Conrad. Locality—Matthew’s Landing, Ala. This species was originally described by Conrad in Jour. Acad. Nat. Sct. Phila., 2d Series, Vol. IV, p. 292, Pl. 47, fig. 24. Whorls 1, 2, 3—Smooth and rounded. Whorl 4—Smooth and rounded, except toward the end, where the curved rib stage may start. Whorl 5—The curved rib stage often commences early in five, per- sisting as a rule for about a quarter of a whorl. The cancellated stage follows abruptly with its straight, tubercled ribs. These tubercles are largest at the suture, decreasing regularly in size anteriorly on each rib. Each tubercle is connected with the corresponding tubercle of the next rib by a faint spiral. A shoulder angle is never developed. Whorls 6, 7—Characterized by the cancellated stage and much like the latter part of five. Whorl 8—Characterized by the cancellated stage and much like six and seven. The tubercles nearest the suture are the strongest, and they diminish in size regularly as the rib is followed anteriorly. The ribs are also less prominent anteriorly, disappearing entirely on the branchial siphon. Spirals cover the entire whorl. Whorls 9, 10—Much as in eight, the cancellated stage still persisting. 106.) NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 57 The tubercles are a little sharp, and the protruded mantle shows a very slight tendency to smooth the preceding whorl—a tendency which in later forms results in a senile feature. Remarks.—This form possesses no stage later than the cancellated stage and never has a shoulder angle. The suture tubercle is through- out life the dominant one. The specimens are remarkably uniform, no perceptible individual variation occurring. The smooth stage is very long. From its primitive characteristics, and its geological posi- tion near the base of the Eocene, the writer has no hesitation in assign- ing to it an ancestral position among the races and species dealt with in this paper. Fig. 3.—Volutilithes rugatus Conrad. Matthew’s Landing, Ala. Adult indi- vidual. Length=44 mm. Volutilithes rugatus Conrad. Locality—Matthew’s Landing, Ala. This species was originally described by Conrad as Volutilithes rugata in Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d Series, Vol. IV, p. 292, Pl. 47, fig. 32. Whorls 1, 2, 3—Smooth and rounded. Whorl 4—Smooth and rounded, except near the end, where in many individuals the curved rib stage begins. Whorl 5—The curved rib stage usually occupies the latter part of four and early part of five. Its ribs are wide apart and it persists for about a quarter of a whorl. It is followed by the straight, tubercled ribs of the cancellated stage. The two upper tubercles are the largest, those below becoming fainter anteriorly. The ribs die away anteriorly on the branchial siphon. Each tubercle is connected with the corre- sponding one of the next whorl by a spiral. 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, Whorls 6,7, S—All characterized by the cancellated stage. Changes, however, take place during these whorls. At first the ornamentation is much like that of the cancellated stage in V. limopsis, but later the ribs become relatively farther apart and broader (in a spiral direction). At the same time many fine riblets are introduced between the pri- mary ribs. The tubercles are largest near the suture and become smaller as the ribs die away anteriorly. There is never a distinct shoulder angle. The whorls are covered with spirals. i Whorl 9—Individual variation now sets in. In some specimens the whorl is much as in eight. In others the rib is swollen into a very rounded, transversely long angle which hardly occupies the position of the shoulder angle of later forms, and in addition the shells become thick. In all individuals the mantle protrudes in the region of the anal siphon, and tends to smooth the preceding whorl with a shelly overgrowth. This latter is never extreme. Whorl 10—Much as in nine, though here the forms with swollen ribs predominate. In many specimens the shells become thick, the growth lines irregular, and the smoothing of the preceding whorl by the shelly overgrowth is quite well marked, though it never becomes extreme as in some forms of later time. Remarks.—This species in its earlier stages of growth closely re- sembles V. limopsis. It differs radically, however, from that form with the progress of its ontogeny. Though its individuals vary greatly, it is nevertheless entitled (in the opinion of the author) to rank as a distinct species. In its later whorls there is great individual variation, accompanied by senile features. These latter, though never extreme, are well marked. They comprise protrusion of the mantle in the region of the anal siphon, producing a smoothing of the preceding whorl by a shelly overgrowth; thickening of the shell, and irregularity of growth lines. There is no spiny stage. V. rugatus is considered to be a short senile offshoot from V. limopsis. In the absence of intermediate forms this evolution must have taken place either at some other locality or at some geologically earlier date. Volutilithes petrosus Conrad. The forms described at the present day under this name represent an assemblage of races. If every gradation of evolutional develop- ment did not exist among them, many of these races would doubtless now be regarded as distinct species. In fact, there are several dis- carded specific names which were used in this way by Conrad and Lea, Each race is an assemblage of individuals, showing more or less in- 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 59 dividual variation, yet nevertheless possessing on the average definite racial characters. In other words, the majority of specimens from any one locality or horizon show a certain stage of evolution. Some of the specimens may show developmental features characterizing either a more primitive or a less primitive race; but these specimens are few, and are not typical of the average of individuals from the locality or horizon to which they belong. The races of V. petrosus are known to range from the Nanafalia beds to the Jackson beds inclusive. The original specific description * is accompanied by a figure of a member of the Claiborne race. Though this particular race is perhaps not the most typical expression of the V. petrosus main stock, the writer feels that no better method can be employed than to use the name V. petrosus to designate the assemblage of races under discussion. Several of the races differ in the development of senile characters from the V. petrosus main stock, but there is every gradation between these and the representatives of the main stock. On account of this gradation the senile forms are included as races of V. petrosus, in spite of the fact that their old individuals differ greatly in appearance from those of the more normal type. The young of all the races, senile and otherwise, are remarkably uniform and constant. The early whorls indicate clearly that they are all descended from a cancellated ancestor, and bear a strong re- semblance, especially in the cancellated stage, to the characters of V.limopsis. In the absence of any record of a V. petrosus being found below the horizon of the Nanafalia beds, the author believes that it is perfectly safe to conclude that all these races in question are de- scended from the V. limopsis of the Matthew’s Landing horizon. Volutilithes petrosus Conrad. Nanafalia Race. Locality—Nanafalia, Ala, The only specimen known to the writer from this horizon is not suf- ficiently well preserved to admit of its accurate study whorl for whorl. It is, however, a perfectly normal specimen of moderate size and ex- presses the general characters of the V. petrosus main stock. It is about the size of the eight-whorled individuals of the Gregg’s Landing or the Jackson races, When it is placed in line with such specimens, ‘the three shells exhibit yery few differences. This Nanafalia individual ® Voluta petrosa Conrad, ‘‘Fossil Shells of the Tertiary Formations of North America.’”’ 60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, has spines in its last whorl which make it resemble the Jackson race quite closely. In this respect it is nearer the Jackson specimens than the Gregg’s Landing specimens. Its mantle perhaps smooths the preceding whorl a trifle more than does the mantle in the Jackson race. However, in its general features, it is very close to the Jackson form. The amount which the mantle has smoothed the preceding whorl is about equal to that found in shells of the same size from Gregg’s Landing. Volutilithes petrosus Conrad. Grege’s Landing Race. Locality—Gregg’s Landing, Alabama River, Ala. Whorls 1, 2, 3—Smooth and rounded. Whorl 4—The curved rib stage begins early in four. It persists for a quarter or a third of a whorl, but changes abruptly into the can- cellated stage with its straight, tubercled ribs. The shoulder and suture tubercles are of about the same size at first. By the end of four the shoulder angle is quite well developed. Whorl 5—Characterized by the cancellated stage and much like the latter part of four. Suture and shoulder tubercles are of about the same size. The shoulder angle is well developed. Tubercles are connected by fine spirals. Whorl 6—Characterized by the cancellated stage, but changes occur. The shoulder tubercle is becoming stronger, while the suture tubercle is getting weaker. The ribbing above the shoulder angle is also becoming weaker. Whorl 7—Still characterized by the cancellated stage, but here the suture tubercle has disappeared and is only represented by its spiral. The ribbing above the shoulder angle has gone, though it is still well represented below the shoulder angle. Whorl 8—Still characterized by the cancellated stage and much like whorl seven. Below the shoulder angle the whorl is covered with fine spirals. There is a very slight smoothing of the preceding whorl by the protruded mantle, for the end of the cancellated stage is not sharp like that of the curved rib stage. Whorl 9—From here on individual variation is great. Some forms have a whorl much as in eight, with the ribbing still well developed below the shoulder, though the shoulder tubercles are more spine- like. In other specimens the ribbing below the shoulder is gone, the shoulder spines are more extreme, and the anal siphon shows a tend- ency to encroach upward on the preceding whorl. In addition, these 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 61 latter forms have a heavier shell, and the shelly smoothing of the pre- ceding whorl by the protruded mantle is more marked. Whorl 10—Here again we have every gradation between forms char- acterized by the spiny stage, in which the preceding whorl has been only slightly smoothed by the mantle, and forms which show a moder- ate development of senile features. These latter show the tendency for the spines to pass into a shoulder keel. They also possess a thick shell with irregular growth lines, the anal siphon encroaches upward, and the preceding whorl is smoothed by the shelly overgrowth of the protruded mantle. Though these latter forms possess senile features, these features are only shghtly developed. They are, in fact, just the beginnings of those characteristics which become so extreme in some of the races of later time. Remarks.—This race occurs in the Gregg’s Landing marl. The greater number of individuals of the Gregg’s Landing race have a perfectly normal ontogeny, and in their later whorls have the spiny stage well marked. These individuals belong therefore to the V. petrosus main stock, and as they form a majority of the assemblage, they determine the position of the race to be on the main stock. A minority of individuals, however, show senile features. These senile features are not well marked, but they indicate that here in this race was inaugurated the tendency which resulted in the development of the senile races of later time. In other words, we have here the point where a senile offshoot is starting to branch from the main ancestral stock. The marks of this tendency are but slight, and the individuals are few; yet, nevertheless, the tendency is plainly recognizable. Volutilithes petrosus Conrad. Bell’s Landing Race. Locality—Bell’s Landing, Alabama River, Ala. Whorls 1, 2, 3—Smooth and rounded. Whorl 4—The curved rib stage commences early in four and per- sists for about a quarter of a whorl. It is followed by the straight, tubercled ribs of the cancellated stage. The suture and shoulder tubercles are about equal in size, and the shoulder angle soon becomes well marked. Spirals connect the tubercles. Whorl 5—Characterized by the cancellated stage and closely re- sembles the latter part of four. Whorl 6—Characterized by the cancellated stage. Suture tubercles grow weaker, shoulder tubercles grow stronger. Ribbing above the shoulder also grows weaker, but it is well marked below the shoulder. Whorl 7—Much as in six. 62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, Whorl 8—Still characterized by the cancellated stage, but the suture tubercles and the ribbing above the shoulder have now gone. Shoul- der tubercles are stronger. Ribbing below the shoulder is weaker. The beginning of the tendency to form a shelly overgrowth is seen, and the cancellated stage comes to an end. Whorl 9—Ribbing is about gone and the shoulder tubercles have become spines. In other words, the spiny stage has set in. In most individuals, however, the senile characters are also mingled with those of the spiny stage. The shell gets thicker, and the mantle protrudes in the region of the anal siphon, and smooths the preceding whorl with a shelly overgrowth. This latter, though not extreme, often covers the spines of eight, which, however, are visible through it. Whorls 10, 11, 12—In these whorls we simply have an exaggeration of the characters of nine. The features of the spiny stage and the marks of senility are found together in the same whorl. Toward the end senile characters are quite well marked. The shell becomes thick, the growth lines irregular, the anal siphon encroaches upward, and the shoulder spines tend to pass into a shoulder keel. In addition, the shelly overgrowth produced by the protruded mantle is well marked, and in some specimens may be quite thick. As a rule, how- ever, the spines of the preceding whorl can be counted through the shelly envelope. Remarks.—This race occurs in the Bell’s Landing marl. Though oceasionally a rare specimen may nearly approach the V. petrosus main stock in its general features, the vast majority of individuals show such a development of senile characters that it is necessary to consider the race to be a senile offshoot from the main stem. These senile marks though typ:cal are not highly developed. This race unquestionably sprang from the senile individuals which occurred as a minority in the otherwise normal, geologically earlier Grege’s Landing race. Volutilithes petrosus Conrad. Wood’s Bluff Race. Locality—Wood’s Bluff, Tombigbee River, Ala. Whorls 1, 2, 3—Smooth and rounded. Whorl 4—The curved rib stage appears early in four and persists for about a quarter of a whorl. It is followed by the straight, tubercled ribs of the cancellated stage. The suture and shoulder tubercles are about equal in size. A shoulder angle soon develops. The tubercles are connected by spirals. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 63 Whorl 5—Characterized by the cancellated stage and closely resem- bling the latter part of four. Whorl 6—Characterized by the cancellated stage. Ribbing above Fig. 4.—Volutilithes petrosus Conrad. Wood’s Bluff Race. Wood’s Bluff, Ala. Apex enlarged. The first three whorls are characterized by the smooth stage. In whorl four the passage from the curved rib stage to the cancellated stage can be seen. Whorl five shows the cancellated stage. It will be noted that the stages are all more accelerated than in text fig. 2. Length=1.5 mm. the shoulder growing weaker, though well marked below the shoulder. Suture tubercles weaker, shoulder tubercles stronger. Whorl 7—Much as in latter part of six. Whorl 8—Still characterized by the cancellated stage, but the suture tubercles are gone, and are represented only by their spiral. Ribbing above the shoulder has disappeared, though it is still present below the shoulder. The ribbing below the shoulder is, however, weaker. The tendency to form a shelly overgrowth is plainly seen. Though its end is not well marked, the cancellated stage comes to a close with this whorl. Whorl J—The spiny stage usually begins with this whorl. It is, however, accompanied by well-developed senile features, the most marked of which is the shelly overgrowth, which is produced by the protrusion of the mantle on to the preceding whorl. Whorls 10, 11, 12—Here we have simply an exaggeration of what occurs in nine. The shelly overgrowth is extreme, obscuring the ornamentation of several of the earlier whorls. The shell becomes thick, the growth lines irregular, the anal siphon encroaches upward, and the shoulder spines tend to pass into a shoulder keel. Remarks.—This is typically a senile race. No individuals of more than eight whorls ever approach in their general appearance the V. petrosus main stock. All specimens exhibit senile characters. These latter are much more extreme than those found in the geologically 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, earlier Bell’s Landing race. It has unquestionably been evolved from the Bell’s Landing race by an exaggeration of senile characters. Volutilithes petrosus Conrad. Hatchetigbee Bluff Race. Loeality—Hatchetigbee Bluff, Tombigbee River, Ala. The series of young individuals at hand is so small, and the shelly overgrowth produced by the protruded mantle is so great in the old individuals, that a detailed study of the specimens, whorl for whorl, is not practical. These forms are extraordinarily senile, and have been derived from the geologically earlier Wood’s Bluff race by an exaggeration of the senile features. The shoulder spines tend to pass into a shoulder keel, the shell is thick, the growth lines irregular, the anal siphon encroaches upward, and the preceding whorl is encumbered with the shelly overgrowth. ‘This last feature is very extreme. In addition the race is, on the whole, a dwarfed race, the full-grown individuals being smaller than those of the earlier less senile races. This race is the end term of the senile offshoot which diverged from the V. petrosus main stock in Bell’s Landing time. The author knows of no authentic abnormal senile specimen from beds higher than the Hatchetigbee horizon in Alabama or Mississippi.* Volutilithes petrosus Conrad. Yellow Bluff Race. Loeality—Yellow Bluff, Alabama River, Ala. Unfortunately the material at hand is not sufficiently well preserved to give a detailed description, whorl for whorl. Nevertheless,'there is no difficulty in making out the following points. The great majority of individuals possess, in general, the characters of the V. petrosus main stock, and have arrived at little more than that evolutional stage which is typified by the Gregg’s Landing race. Though a few individuals exhibit senile characters, these latter are only very slightly developed, and we are undoubtedly warranted in placing the Yellow Bluff race on the Volutilithes petrosus main stock as the descendant of the Gregg’s Landing race. The exact stratigraphical horizon for this race is unknown to the ®See Trans. Wag. Inst., Vol. III, part 1, p. 75. The statement made on this page by Dall is not borne out by a study of full collections. He says that 4 thleta “is foreshadowed by the distorted specimens of Volutilithes petrosa to which I have already referred, and which occur from the Lower Eocene of Alabama (Wood’s Bluff) up to the Claiborne Sands and the beds known as Jackson, over- lying the Claiborne, associated with the undistorted normal form, which is always more numerous.’’ wm 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 65 author. It cannot, however, be lower than that of the Bell’s Landing marl. If it is at the same horizon, we have an example of a slightly senile race (the Bell’s Landing) living at the same period of time not far from a race (the Yellow Bluff) which exhibits, on the whole, main stock characteristics. If, on the other hand, the Yellow Bluff race occupies a position above the Bell’s Landing marl, we have a primitive race overlying a more specialized race. If this latter is the case, a discordance between the geological and phylogentic successions has been produced by the migration into the section of the Yellow Bluff race. Volutilithes petrosus Conrad. Lower Claiborne Horizon, Claiborne, Ala. Very poorly preserved specimens are found in these beds. They are determinable as representatives of the V. petrosus main stock, but a detailed study, whorl for whorl, is not practical. Volutilithes petrosus Conrad. Claiborne Race. Locality—Claiborne, Ala. Whorls 1, 2, 3—Smooth and rounded. Whorl 4—Early in four the curved rib stage appears. It is not well marked, persisting for but a short time, and is soon followed by the straight, tubercled ribs of the cancellated stage. The shoulder angle soon develops. The suture and shoulder tubercles are of about the same size. Whorl 5—Characterized by the cancellated stage and much as in the latter part of four. Spirals not strong. Suture tubercle weakens, shoulder tubercle becomes stronger. Whorl 6—Characterized by the cancellated stage. The suture tubercle and the ribbing above the shoulder are almost gone. Shoul- der tubercle stronger. Ribbing below shoulder is weaker. Whorl 7—The ribbing and the suture tubercles disappear, and the shoulder tubercles develop into spines during this whorl. In other words, we have the transition from the cancellated to the spiny stage. Whorls 8, 9, 10—All characterized by the spiny stage, but individual variation is great. Senile features do not appear. Remarks.—Occurs in the Claiborne Fossiliferous Sand. This race exhibits in general the characters of the V. petrosus main stock, though it is probably not the most typical expression of that stock as it existed at the time of the Claiborne deposits. The most notable features are the shortening of the curved rib stage and the acceleration of the spiny o 66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {March, stage, which is long and well developed though accompanied by con- siderabte individual variation. The curved rib and cancellated stages are very short. Fig. 5—Volutilithes sayana Conrad. Claiborne, Ala. Apex enlarged, show- ing ornamental features thrown far back by acceleration. The smooth stage is almost entirely confined to the large first whorl. In whorl two the transition from the straight untubercled ribs (suppressed curved rib stage) to the can- cellated stage is seen. Whorl three shows the cancellated stage. Length = 1.8 mm. Fig. 6.—Volutilithes sayana Conrad. Claiborne, Ala. Adult individual. Length =48 mm. Volutilithes sayana Conrad. Locality—Claiborne, Ala. This species was originally described as Voluta sayana by Conrad.” Whorl 1—Smooth and rounded. Whorl 2—Smooth and rounded at first, but soon ribbing begins. Untubercled ribs are the first ribs, but they are not curved. Neverthe- 10 Fossil Shells of the Tertiary Formations of North America. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 67 less they probably represent the curved rib stage and will be assigned toit. They persist for only a short while and are followed by the tuber- cled ribs of the cancellated stage. At first the suture tubercle is con- siderably larger than the shoulder tubercle. A shoulder angle soon develops, and by the end of the whorl the suture and shoulder tubercles are about of the same size. Whorls 3, 4—Characterized by the cancellated stage and much as in latter part of two. Changes however occur, for the ribbing above the shoulder and the suture tubercles weaken, though the shoulder tubercle becomes stronger. The spirals are not well marked. After whorl four great individual variation sets in. The cancellated stage may persist through the sixth whorl. After this the individual variation is still more marked. Many specimens pass through the spiny stage, though it is considerably modified by the development of numerous secondary spirals and riblets. In many specimens the shoulder spines are long in a transverse direction and notched by several spirals. Sometimes the whorl may be of a rounded shape, with the spines blunt, weak and obscure. Remarks.—Occurs in the Claiborne Fossiliferous Sand. This most variable species has an apex very different from those of the other forms considered in this paper. The smooth stage is nearly all con- fined to the first whorl, which is extraordinarily large for Volutilithes. By a careful study of its ontogeny it is plain, however, that this species was derived by acceleration from the Claiborne race of V. petrosus, or else from some form very close to it. We are forced, then, to-the con- clusion that shells with rather different apices may sometimes be very nearly related ; in spite of the fact that, as a rule, this condition pre- cludes close affinity. Though this variable species may have given rise to species and races of later age than the Claiborne, the writer has no evidence to that effect. The anal siphon does not encroach up- ward, and the protruded mantle smooths the preceding whorl but little; nevertheless, the thickness of the shell and the irregularity of growth lines in many of the older individuals point to the fact that it isasenilerace. It is well developed in the Claiborne horizon at several points, where it is always variable and more numerous than the Clai- borne race of V. petrosus. From this latter race it was probably evolved during or just before Claiborne time, and may therefore be con- sidered as a senile offshoot from the V. petrosus main stock. Volutilithes petrosus Conrad. Jackson Race. Locality—Jackson, Miss. 68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {March, An individual of this race was originally described by Conrad as Volutalithes symmetrica.™ Whorls 1, 2—Smooth and rounded. Whorl 3—The curved rib stage commences early in three and per- sists for about a quarter of a whorl. It is followed by the straight tubercled ribs of the cancellated stage. The suture and shoulder tubercles are about equal in size. By the end of the whorl the shoulder angle is well marked. Whorls 4, 5—Characterized by the cancellated stage. Ribbing above the shoulder weakens, as does also the suture tubercle. Shoulder tubercle gets stronger. Ribbing below the shoulder well marked and crossed by fine spirals. Whorl 6—Characterized by the cancellated stage and much as in five. Fig. 7—Volutilithes petrosus Conrad. Jackson Race. Jackson, Miss. Apex enlarged. Whorls one and two show the smooth stage. _Whorl three shows the curved rib stage and whorl four the cancellated stage. It will be noted that the stages are all more accelerated than in text fig. 4, but less accelerated than in text fig. 5. Length=1.3 mm. Whorl 7—Characterized by the cancellated stage. Ribbing gone above the shoulder, but well developed below the shoulder, and crossed by fine spirals. Suture tubercles almost gone though represented by a spiral. Shoulder tubercle stronger and sharper. Whorl 8—Much like seven, but toward the end the ribs disappear, the shoulder tubercle becomes a spine, and the cancellated stage comes to a close. Whorl 9—Characterized by the spiny stage. High shoulder spines and no ribs. Spirals well developed, but strongest on the anterior siphon. Whorl 10—In many individuals the shoulder spines tend to pass into a shoulder keel, the shell thickens, and the growth lines become irregular. The shelly smoothing of the preceding whorl by the pro- truded mantle is only slight. This whorl is characterized by the senile stage. 1 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol. VII, p. 260. In this case ‘‘ Volutalitnes’’ is probably a typographicai error. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 69 Remarks.—This race shows a regular and even ontogeny. The different stages are quite distinct. The senile characters are not thrown back into the spiny stage but follow regularly after it, and constitute the culminating feature of individual development. These marks of old age are never extreme. Acceleration early in life has placed the curved rib stage at the beginning of the third whorl, and the cancellated stage has been correspondingly lengthened. The eancellated stage is longer here than in any of the other forms con- sidered in this paper except V. limopsis. This assemblage is the last representative of Volutilithes in the Alabama and Mississippi Eocene. It fulfills every requirement for position on the V. petrosus main stem, it is the culminant race of the stock, and has attained its characters by a slow and even phylogenetic development. Volutilithes haleanus Whitfield. Locality—Lisbon, Ala. Whorls 1, 2—Smooth and rounded. Whorl 3—Smooth and rounded at first, but later the curved rib stage begins. This persists for about a quarter of a whorl, and is then fol- lowed by the straight, tubercled ribs of the cancellated stage. The shoulder tubercle is just a trifle larger than the suture tubercle. The shoulder angle is well marked by the end of the whorl. Whorl 4—Characterized by the cancellated stage. Shoulder angle. Shoulder tubercle stronger than the suture tubercle. Whorls 5, 6—Characterized by the cancellated stage and much like whorl four. During these whorls the suture tubercle tends to attain the same strength as the shoulder tubercle. Spirals not very well marked. Whorl 7—From here on the primitive cancellated stage is replaced by what may be called a modified cancellated stage. The suture and shoulder tubercles are now of about the same size. The ribs are crowded so closely together that they are almost in contact, being separated by a mere depressed line. The shoulder tubercles are so close together that the general effect is that of a whorl with a shoulder keel. Whorls 8, 9—Much as in seven, but toward the end the shell becomes thick and the growth lines slightly irregular. The protruded mantle produces only an insignificant smoothing of the preceding whorl. Remarks.—By a study of its early whorls it is evident that this form was at some time derived from the V. petrosus main stock. Its can- cellated stage closely resembles that of the races of V. petrosus until we reach the seventh whorl. After that it is quite different in its general 70 characters from every other American species of Volutilithes. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, Just when it diverged from the V. petrosws main stock the writer is not prepared to say. This race has, properly speaking, no senile stage. In order to show more clearly some of the important correlations between the ontogeny and phylogeny, the following tables are intro- duced. are used for the different ontogenetic stages as follows: A—Smooth Stage. B—Curved Rib Stage. C—Cancellated Stage. D—Spiny Stage. E—NSenile Stage. I—Individual Variation. This last may appear anywhere, but it usually follows stageC. B is exaggerated in all the tables. V. limopsis. Matthew’s Ldg. V. petrosus. Gregg’s Ldg. Race. V. petrosus. Jackson Race. The figures stand for the number of the whorl, while the letters E. is very slight. E. is never extreme Tas.LE I.—Showing slow, even evolution in the main stock, accompanied by V. limopsis. Matthew’s Ldg. V. petrosus. Gregg’s Ldg. Race. V. petrosus. Bell’s Ldg. Race. V. petrosus. Wood's Bluff Race. TABLE. II].—Showing senility in an acceleration. offshoot. The senility increases, acceleration, but by an exaggeration of senile features. E. is very slight. E. is slight. E. is extreme. not by an Matthew’s Ldg. Gregg’s Ldg. Race. Claiborne Race. Matthew’s Ldg. Matthew’s Ldg. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 71 VV. limopsis. V. petrosus. V. petrosus. I. is great. V. sayana. Claiborne. Tasie IlI.—Evolution of V. sayana through the Claiborne race of V. petrosus. Shows general acceleration, condensation of B, and reduction in the number of whorls. V. limopsis. V. rugatus. TaBLE IY.—Shows evolution of V. rugatus from the primitive ancestral stock by the appearance of senile features in the last whorl or in the last two whorls. RANGE AND DISTRIBUTION. Of the forms considered in this paper Volutilithes limopsis stands out distinctly as fulfilling all the requirements of an ancestor. Among other characters, the long smooth stage and the absence of senile fea- tures show its primitive state. The general likeness of the full-grown shells to the young of many later species, together with its low geo- logical position, justifies us in considering it to be the form from which were descended the races which followed Matthew’s Landing time. In the same horizon with V. limopsis we find V. rugatus. The young of the latter show many of the features of the adult V. limopsis, while the old individuals are often slightly senile and quite different in ap- pearance from the small specimens. It was undoubtedly derived from V. limopsis, or some closely allied form, and may be considered a short senile offshoot which did not survive the Matthew’s Landing. E. is very slight. D. is much modi- fied. I. is great. I. is the transition between C. and E 72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, In the Nanafalia the first member of the Volutilithes petrosus assem- blage makes its appearance, and is representative of the V. petrosus main stock. After the Nanafalia the races of V. petrosus are a promi- nent feature of the faunas. Though the adults of these races may differ greatly, the young resemble each other ciosely, and indicate their common derivation from V. limopsis. In the Grege’s Landing marl, the Gregg’s Landing race represents the V. petrosus main stock, though a few of its individuals show slightly senile tendencies. In the Bell’s Landing marl the Bell’s Landing race has separated from the main stock with the evolution of senile features. It is the first member of a senile offshoot which in later time produces the Wood’s Bluff and Hatchetigbee Bluff races. These latter are evolved from the Bell’s Landing race, not so much by an acceleration as by an exaggeration of the marks of senility. The Hatchetigbee Bluff race is without descendants and the last term of this senile series. Its individuals are dwarfed and stunted, reflecting plainly the unfavor- able conditions under which they lived, and which soon caused the extinction of the race. While in some localities the members of the Volutilithes petrosus assemblage were following out a line of evolution which resulted in their elimination from the geological record, the main stock was still flourishing in nearby regions. For instance, at Yellow Bluff on the Alabama river we have a representative of the V. petrosus main stock. The Yellow Bluff race is indicative of favorable conditions at that locality. In the Lower Claiborne the V. petrosus main stock occurs, though it is represented only by a few poorly preserved specimens. The Clai- borne, however, not only gives us the Claiborne race but an offshoot from it, namely, V.sayana. This Claiborne race is an assemblage of rather accelerated and variable forms which probably express the effect of shallow water marine conditions upon the main stock. By an acceleration of ornamental features V. sayana was derived either from the Claiborne race or from some very closely related form. Passing now into the Jackson, we find the last member of this phy- logenetic series which we have traced up from the Matthew’s Landing horizon. It is the Jackson race of V. petrosus. This form is the result of the slow and even evolution of the ancestral race which took place in the favorable conditions of a more open sea. Its ontogeny is nor- mal, each stage following its predecessor in regular fashion. Though this form is accelerated, there is little mingling of the senile and spiny characters by unequal acceleration. The senile stage closes a well- 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 73 developed spiny stage. This race of V. petrosus differs but slightly from the form which we saw in the Nanafalia beds, and demonstrates clearly how little a stock may vary through a long period of time if it is living under favorable conditions.” The phylogeny of the Alabama and Mississippi species of Volutilithes may be represented by the table on p. 74. The Yellow Bluff race is provisionally placed in the Bell’s Landing horizon. SUMMARY. From the Matthew’s Landing to the Hatchetigbee inclusive the strata belong to the so-called Lignitic formation. They consist of thick deposits of cross-bedded sands and clays, often glauconitic, and of lignites alternating with thin beds of marine fossils.% It is evident that these deposits were formed in a great shallow arm of the sea, whose waters were sometimes fresh or blackish and at others salt. The marine faunas which from time to time invaded this Lignitic gulf brought with them, at first, species and races of Volutilithes with normal aspect. These, however, only represent the dwellers on the edge of the respectivee Volutilithes communities, the centres of which were farther out in the open sea. These forms which were subjected to the conditions of the Lignitie eventually followed out a course of evolution which was a direct reflection of their unfavorable environ- ment. The races of Volutilithes petrosus at Bell’s Landing, Wood’s Bluff, and Hatchetigbee Bluff make such a series, in which the senility becomes more and more extreme with the course of time."4 Occasionally throughout the later Lignitic, as at Yellow Bluff, we find a race which has migrated from a more favorable environment, and which resembles the primitive races of earlier Lignitic waters, as those of Gregg’s Landing and Nanafalia. The grade of phylogenetic development which the Yellow Bluff assemblage has attained also 2 The author has seen forms purporting to come from the Vicksburg horizon which appear to be poorly preserved examples of the Jackson race of V. petrosus. He does not, however, feel justified (without further evidence) in carrying the range of V. petrosws above the Jackson horizon. 8 Bull. 48, U.S. G. S., ‘‘Tertiary and Cretaceous Strata of the Tuscaloosa, Tombigbee, and Alabama Rivers,’’ Eugene A. Smith and Lawrence C. Johnson. 14 Tt is to be noted in this connection that forms occur in the Miocene of Europe which appear to belong to Volutilithes and to possess the shelly overgrowth. The abnormal American races are produced by local conditions, that is, by those of the Lignitic, and are widely separated not only geographically but geologically from the European specimens. It is therefore highly improbable that the Eu- ropean forms (if they are Volutilithes at all) are descended from the American ones, In the absence of more definite information, we are justified in regarding the phenomenon as one of parallelism. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {March, 74 G Ss 4, 2, Me? 29, bay %) Sdn, > “On, : Yay 40, J aS op “Ip, sg wy ~ Op ©0217) OA) 2 i Fig. 4. Anchovia cherostoma cayorum Fowler. more on latter; about 8 series of transverse scales from above origin of anal; width of head 2% in its length; depth of head 14; snout 5; eye 34; interorbital space 32; maxillary 14; length of depressed dorsal 12; caudal 11; pectoral 14; ventral 22; base of anal 34 in head and trunk. Body strongly compressed, elongate in form, rather slender, and lower profile a little more convex than upper, edges not trenchant though rounded, and greatest depth about origin of dorsal. Caudal 86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, peduncle strongly compressed, rather deep, and least depth about 2 its length. Head strongly compressed, rather deep, and profiles more or less similarly convex. Snout rather blunt, rounded, convex, and upper profile pronouncedly convex. Eye circular, rather large and well anterior. Adipose tissue developed. Mouth a little inclined and gape extending nearly 3 length of head. Maxillary slender, long, and furnished with a single series of fine or minute teeth to its distal ex- tremity which reaches almost to gill-opening in front of origin of pectoral. A similar series, though very minute, along margin of mandible. Vomerine teeth a little larger than those on palatines which are very small and uniserial. Also a still smaller series on each pterygoid. Symphysis of mandible reaching about opposite posterior nostril. Tongue small, little free, rounded, reaching forward till a little in front of anterior orbital rim and with a free asperous patch above. Nostrils close together, superior and a little nearer front rim of orbit than tip of snout. Interorbital space with a slightly elevated median ridge so that it is a little convex. Opercle and top of head posteriorly with varied shallow flutings. Cheek with shallow perfora- tions, and some above eye posteriorly. Gill-opening extending forward till opposite front rim of pupil. Rakers about 14+20?, slender, long, and longest much longer than filaments. Pseudobranchiz smaller than filaments. Isthmus rather broadly rounded though compressed above. Shoulder-girdle notched once on each side below for reception of interopercle, and above behind opercle an adipose-like tract. Seales cycloid, large, and caducous. Dorsal and anal with scaly basal sheaths. Scales on base of caudal rather small. Pointed axillary flap at base of pectoral 2 length of fin and inner rays of each fin approximated. A similar ventral flap. Origin of dorsal nearer base of caudal than tip of snout and first branched ray longest. Anal inserted about opposite first fourth in length of depressed dorsal or much nearer origin of pectoral than base of caudal, and its anterior rays elevated. Caudal forked and lobes pointed. Pectoral low and reaching origin of ventral. Tip of de- pressed ventral reaching at least opposite origin of dorsal. Vent close in front of anal. Color in alcohol pale brownish, paler or whitish below. Back with edge of each scale sprinkled with a series of brownish dots. A double series of brownish dots down middle of back. Top of head, snout, and operele brownish with darker brownish dots. Upper posterior portion 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 87 of head with gill-opening showing through dark. Head otherwise bright silvery. Iris silvery. A broad brownish band overlaid with silvery and nearly as wide as pupil extends from above gill-opening to middle of base of caudal. It is broader in middle than at either end. A series of brownish spots along base of anal. Dorsal and caudal pale grayish marked with numerous pale brownish dots, other fins whitish. Color in life with body more or less silvered and back above with a translucent appearance. Length 2? inches. Type No. 30,613, A. N.S. P. Hailer’s Rock, Florida Keys. June, 1904. H. W. Fowler. Also Nos. 30,614 to 30,620, A. N. S. P., paratypes with same data. Found only at the above locality in company with A. brownii. Only these few were secured among the multitudes of the latter. From A. chwrostoma (Goode), with which this form may prove iden- tical, it appears at present to differ a little, upon comparison with Porto Rican material, in the more elongate form, larger eye and head, and more blunt or rounded snout. Young examples have a smaller eye, nearly 4 in head. (Cayo, in Spanish meaning a ridge of small rocks or islands in the sea, like those off southern Florida.) ~ SYNODONTIDZ, 22. Synodus fetens (Linnzus). Lizard Fish. Color in life clear pale brownish above with about 10 wampum-like blotches of darker brown. In some examples this produces a pepper and salt appearance. A slightly dark double series of blackish dots across each blotch on back. On side just below back a series of zig- zag W-shaped markings also of same darker color. Same color ac- cents end of each blotch in form of a trifle darker speck. A somewhat diamond-like blotch or ring between each median lateral marking and somewhat connected. Another blotch alternately below each of these, and still lower more paler tints of diffuse markings. A deep brown blotch at base of tail and another of pale brown at base of each lobe. Head brownish above, and variegated with deeper spots and more or less olivaceous-golden on sides above. Jaws and mandible variegated with olivaceous-brown. Iris golden-olive, in some lights pure golden, pupil dark green. Region of isthmus dull citron. Tints of colors on sides all more or less golden. Dorsal and caudal variegated 88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, with golden-brown tints, otherwise pale grayish. Other fins dull whitish. Length about 3 inches. A number of small examples were taken in the sandy shallows of the Marquesas. MURANIDA. 23. Gymnothorax funebris (Ranzani). Moray. Large examples were seen about the reefs off Snipe Key, lurking in the crevices and holes of the coral rocks. They were deep olive in color. SILURIDA5. 24. Galeichthys felis (Linnwus). Cat Fish. Salt Water Cat. Very abundant and a very foul feeder, eating any refuse or filth thrown overboard. They were so ravenous that it was possible to catch them on any kind of bait even on a bent pin. At times great quantities were said to have been taken in seines, in which cases the fishermen would cut the leads and floats, leaving the whole mass to extricate themselves as best they may. Their spines are very much dreaded by the fishermen, who claim they are able to produce dangerous and ugly wounds. Most all the examples I observed were about Big Pine Key. e P@CILIID 4. 25. Fundulus similis (Baird and Girard). Sac-a-Lait. Color in life with a whitish lateral band from opercle above to base of caudal interrupting slaty vertical bars which were 9 in number. Lower surface of body white. Dorsal, anal and caudal grayish, former with a well-defined pale base. An olive shade on opercle. Iris silvery, a little brownish above and below, and latter also with a little pale orange. Jaws pale. Length 32 inches. Only four examples obtained in the shallow pools on Boca Chica Key. The larger ones have as many as sixteen dark vertical bars. Found associated with this species were all of the following Peciliide 26. Cyprinodon variegatus riverendi (Poey). Three examples from the Marquesas and Boca Chica Key. 27. Cyprinodon mydrus Goode and Bean. Puss Gut. Fig. 5 (male). Color in life nearly milky-white, upper surface or back above slightly brownish. Lower surface or body milky-white and fins very pale brownish. After death some examples turned pale olive on back and top of head, and on dorsal and caudal. These fins, back and side 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 89 speckled with golden-brown or coppery in the males. Lines of a similar shade on side of head, one across chin, one on preorbital, another from corner of mouth to lower rim of eye, and two others below and parallel up over opercle, Iris golden-brownish. Side of body with indistinct traces of several pale slaty vertical streaks. Lower fins very pale brownish-golden. Ventral and anal with a more or less regular series of golden spots, less distinct on latter. Females Fig. 5. Cyprinodon mydrus Goode and Bean. were paler and had no spots on dorsal and caudal, and those on body more yellowish. In spirits young examples show large blotches of grayish on side and lack brilliant colors of the adults noted above. They were more or less milky-white in life. This species is very abundant in pools and shallows of the Keys. They were met with in great numbers all about the Marquesas, and in the pools on Boca Chica Key. Young were abundant in the tide- pools on West Cudjoe’s Key. Great numbers were also found about Big Pine Key. Cyprinodon carpio Giinther* may be identical, but the indefinite locality ‘‘America’’ admits a doubt. The figure given by Drs. Jordan * Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., VI, 1866, p. 306. 90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, and Evermann ® differs in that there are five rows of scales on the cheek, 28. Mollienisia latipinna Le Sueur. Mud Fish. Color in life brown. Side of head with gray and same color on costal region. Iris brown. Lower surface of body white. Dorsal and caudal with grayish-brown spots and other markings of brown, blackish-brown and dull amber-color. Some examples with caudal dull amber in middle basally and a lower series of longitudinal lines of dots of pale amber. Ventral and anal white. This species was found to be very abundant in the pools on Boca Chica Key, associated with other small fishes. Many are males with the dorsal fin enlarged and the edge of the caudal blackish. MASTACCEMBELIDZ. 29. Tylosurus notatus (Poey). Gar. Fig. 6. Color in life clear hyaline-green overshot with silvery. Greenish about edge of opercle. Iris silvery. A narrow greenish line from origin of pectoral above to base of caudal. Vertical fins pale greenish- brown, tinted slightly with ruddy. Boca Grande, Big Pine and Boca Chica Keys, also Hailer’s Rock and the Marquesas. Fig. 6 Tylosurus notatus (Poey). Found in small pools on some of the Keys. They usually associate in small schools in the shallows or near the shore. When in the water their bodies have a transparent appearance and in some lights are difficult to distinguish. They are also fond of lurking about over- hanging mangroves. 3 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 47, IV, 1900, Pl. 112, fig. 297. 1906. ] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 91 HEMIRAMPHIDZ::' 30. Chriodorus atherinoides Goode and Bean. Hard Head. Color in life bright silvery. A narrow bright silvery-white line from gill-opening to base of caudal. Upper surface of body and back pale translucent brownish, each scale with a small patch of dark dots forming longitudinal series and about three above lateral line. Down middle of back three narrow lines of same color, median one pale or less distinct than others, and all close together. Dorsal and caudal pale grayish-brown and other fins translucent whitish. Iris silvery- white. Length 44 inches. Alcoholic examples show lateral silvery band slaty. Found associated with Atherina laticeps in the sandy shallows of the Marquesas and about Hailer’s Rock. 31. Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnus). Bala6. Reported as frequently seen. ATHERINIDZ. 32. Atherina laticeps Poey. Silver Sides. Very abundant. Large schools were seen about the Marquesas, Boca Chica and Snipe Keys. MUGILIDZ. 33. Mugil curema Valenciennes. Mullet. Abundant in the shallows near the shore where they associate in large schools. When disturbed they rush away, causing a loud noise in the water. Many were taken in cast-nets by fishermen, as many as a dozen at one time. They average several pounds each, and I found their flesh excellent eating. All examined appeared to be this species. They were most abundant in the Marquesas shallows. 34. Mugil trichodon Poey. Fig. 7. Head 335; depth 31; D. IV_I, 8; A. III, 8; scales about 36 to base of caudal in a lateral series; about 12 series of scales between origin of spinous dorsal and middle of belly; 19 scales before spinous dorsal ; snout 3} in head; eye 4; interorbital space 23; pectoral 12; ventral 1. Teeth large, conspicuous, uniserial, ciliform, and a little larger in upper jaw. Pectoral not quite reaching opposite origin of spinous dorsal. Color in life with back bluish-slaty. Side and lower surface silvery- white. Base and axil of pectoral dark slaty. Dorsal, caudal and *A number of Flying Fish, Hxocetide, were seen off Big Pine Key. They were all small. 92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, anal pale brownish. Side of head with slight golden reflections. ¥ Iris brownish, a silver margin close to pupil. Length of largest example 24 inches, and though only three were taken with other small fishes, many others were seen. They frequent the shallows like MW. cwrema, but so far as I could observe never asso- ciate. Marquesas Keys. SPHYRAWNIDA. 35. Sphyreena barracuda (Walbaum). Barracuda. Color in life more or less silvery. Above pale brownish with about six pairs of deep olivaceous double saddles meeting as many pairs of rounded blotches on side of body just above or over lateral line. A similar colored bar from end of snout to eye continued behind and across opercle. Iris pale olivaceous, slightly orange around pupil. Dorsals and caudal slightly grayish or a trifle dusky marginally, other fins pale whitish. These were all young examples. In the smallest, which are a little over an inch long, saddles of back are separated from lateral blotches by a pale or translucent brownish area. Dorsal and caudal but little darker than other fins. A brownish-olive spot at base of caudal in all stages of young. Many examples obtained at the Marquesas and Boca Chica Key, largest about 34 inches. An adult, several feet long, was harpooned off Channel Key, and a number of large examples were noted off Bahia Honda Key. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. ~ 98 SYNGNATHIDA.’ 86. Syngnathus mackayi (Swain and Meek). Pipe Fish. Fig. 8. Color in aleohol brownish marked with small whitish dots or spots, each ring with a pale or whitish blotch on each keel, usually small and on side at intervals of four rings extending down in form of narrow bars. Back grayish with pale brown vermiculations medianly. On Fig. 8. Syngnathus mackayi (Swain and Meek). lower suface of tail small white spots producing a more or less con- fluent appearance. Head brownish, mottled grayish above, and snout and under surface with more or less whitish spots. Dorsal pale brown- ish-white mottled with pale brown. Caudal similar, only blotched and darker. Pectoral pale transparent brownish-white. Iris pale slaty. Color in life resembling the following species. Back whitish, finely vermiculated or specked with lavender, brownish and olivaceous. Lower surface a little more green than sides which are marked with bluish-green. Snout slightly brownish. Iris pearl-colored with brownish. Length 64 inches. Marquesas and Big Pine Key. This species is subject to color variation, some examples inclining more to green and others to brown than the one noted above. 37. Syngnathus elucens Poey. Pipe Fish. Fig. 9. Color in alcohol brownish, each ring with a blotch of whitish pos- teriorly on each keel, those on sides of about every fifth ring producing about a dozen vertical lateral bands. Whitish blotches on lower sur- face of caudal becoming more or less confluent posteriorly. Head brownish, snout with a few white spots and under surface with a number of whitish blotches. Dorsal, caudal and pectoral whitish, former fins with brownish specks. Iris dull slaty. Color in life with back whitish finely specked or dotted with lavender, brownish and olive medianly. Lower surface more clearly green than 5] follow Profs. Jordan and Snyder in retaining Syngnathus for the species formerly called Siphostoma. Of the four species available by elimination, viz., typhle, acus, pelagicus and ophidion, the second (acus) remains and therefore must be regarded as the type. It is congeneric with Siphostoma Rafinesque. For typle Rafinesque also proposed Typle, and tor ophidion, Nerophis. The latter name must therefore he used for the Ocean Pipe Fishes. 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Mareh, sides and each ring marked by a whitish or light vertical line. Some examples are darker, others have more white or brown, and still others are marked below with very pronounced white spots below, with gen- eral color of body pale greenish-brown and tail paler. Fins trans- parent, dorsal and caudal marked with brownish. Iris pearl-colored with brownish spots. Length 44 inches. Fig. 9. Syngnathus elucens Poey. A number of examples from the Marquesas, taken with many small fishes found in the sea-weed and marine vegetation of the shallows. One also from Big Pine Key. 38. Syngnathus louisiane Giinther. Pipe Fish. Fig. 10. Color in alcohol rather pale brown, upper side of back dark brown and middle of back much paler. Several series of brown wavy longi- tudinal lines more or less irregular, but parallel, on middle of back and caudal above. Along side, just below each keel, a short brown horizontal line on each ring. In dark color of upper half of side several others appear on some rings. On lower half of side brown lines are sometimes more or less convex, and on caudal they assume various vermiculate patterns. Lower or under surface of both head and body dull or pale brownish-white without markings. Head brown- ish, pale above, and on side of snout a dark brownish streak through eye and back across opercle above, giving rise on side of body to hori- Fig. 10. Syngnathus louisiane Ginther. zontal dark line on each scute just below uppermost keel. Dorsal, caudal and pectoral pale brownish-white, caudal with some darker or brownish markings. Iris pale slaty, except brownish streak, and grayish below. Color in life similar. Back grayish-white above or medianly with brown lines. Upper side olivaceous-brown. Lower surface pale whitish, lines on lower side brownish, and under surface of abdomen 1906. J NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 95 pale greenish. Dorsal whitish with very pale lines, other fins more or less transparent. Iris shell-color with a brown horizontal cross-bar. Length 103 inches. The Marquesas and Big Pine Key. ‘This is the largest and strong- est species met with. It was found associated with the others in the sea-weed. It varies in color when seen in life. One example now in alcohol is dark blackish-brown on upper half of side. A young example taken later at Hailer’s Rock has about sixteen dark annu- lations. 39. Hippocampus punctulatus Guichenot. Sea Horse. Color in life deep dull olivaceous, tubercles or joints pale at bases and ruddy at tips. Body everywhere more or less variegated with narrow whitish vermiculating lines, and those about eye radiating from pupil, which is blackish. Pectoral and dorsal pale grayish, latter finely spotted at base with small dusky or olive specks. Sea-weed of the Marquesas. 40. Hippocampus zostere Jordan and Gilbert. Sea Horse. One living example was pale brownish-white, side speckled with pale yellowish. A submarginal dorsal line of blackish. Marginal portion of belly dusky-olive. Rings white. Pupil blackish. Another was a little more brownish. Dorsal margined with pale orange, and a submarginal black band. Brown lines radiating from eye and on side of head slightly variegated with pale olive. Another was a little more highly colored and more of a golden hue. Rings at intervals more grayish-white. Coronet with a dusky fila- ment. One had a whitish snout. General color more brownish. Brownish lines, edged with white, radiate from eye. Tubercles on trunk and caudal rings at intervals more whitish. An example was similar to pale brownish-white one, but with minute specks. A pale brownish line from eye to end of snout. Whitish caudal rings at intervals, and like most of preceding with a more or less evident submarginal dusky line on dorsal, fins otherwise plain and pale-colored. One with pronounced tubercles all more or less pure white, inter- spaces on rings pale olive, those on ventral surface darker, and all more or less variegated with whitish dots. Whitish lines radiate from eye. Dorsal with a submarginal brownish band, fins otherwise pale whitish. Rings on caudal white and pronounced at intervals. Brown band from eye to tip of snout crossed by*several whitish fasciz. 96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {March, Another less tuberculate, more brownish, and variegated with white and pale brown. Darker examples were almost blackish, without vermiculating lines. Side somewhat brownish. Snout whitish. Dorsal and caudal plain- colored. Other examples were more variable. Many others were noted, some olivaceous, brownish, coral-white, or almost entirely white, and others pale lavender. From the above notes it is easily seen that this species is subject to great color variation in life. Some examples are much more brilliant than others. There is also variation in the tubercles. All my ex- amples collected in the sea-weed (Zostera) of the Marquesas shallows. SCOMBRIDZ. 41. Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier). King Fish. Abundant. TRICHIURIDZ. 42. Trichiurus lepturus Linnseus. Sometimes taken. ISTIOPHORID&2. 43. Istiophorus nigricans (Lacépéde). Sail Fish. Almost every season a large example is reported from these Keys. CARANGIDZA. 44. Trachinotus faleatus (Linnzus). Pampano. Color of young in life, dusky-lavender. A diffuse vertical patch of brownish dots on side from middle of dorsal to anal. Dorsal and anal more or less sprinkled blackish, former otherwise with whitish and latter with pale orange adjoining blackish of anal. Margin of anal and entire caudal white. Caudal peduncle white. Spinous anal red, spotted with black. Breast rosy, with brownish specks. Top of head brown. Jaws and lower surface of head whitish. Cheek specked with brown. Irzis red, with brownish margin. One 1,3; inches long, from the Marquesas. SERRANIDZ. 45. Petrometopon cruentatus (Lacépéde). Red Hind. No examples were seen, but it is reported from the Marquesas and other places. 46. Epinephelus striatus (Bloch). Nassau Grouper. Marquesas Islands. Seen*in the fish-pots. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 97 47. Epinephelus maculosus (Valenciennes). Reported. 48. Epinephelus drummond-hayi Goode and Bean. Speckled Hind, Reported from about the Marquesas. 49. Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes). Red Grouper. Color in life olivaceous-brown, branchiostegal region and cavities of jaws salmon-color. A brown streak opposite upper margin of maxillary in preorbital depression. Inside of pharynx vermilion, and inside of mouth fleshy-pink. Fins, except pectoral, dusky or blackish, especially submarginally. Narrow margins of rayed vertical fins whitish. Pectoral golden-brown, most noticeable marginally. Base of ventral pale whitish. Trunk marked with pale diffuse or indistinct scattered pale spots. A few dots about size of pin-head on preorbital. A salmon-pink line on base of anal. Iris golden or brassy-brown. Two examples from Bahia Honda Key. About the Marquesas I saw a number of these fishes in fish-pots and in live-boxes. At Snipe Key they were frequently seen about the reefs. 50. Promicrops guttatus (Linneus). Jew Fish. One taken in a pool on Boea Chica Key, and a large one off West Cudjoe’s Key. They were reported as not at all uncommon about the other Keys. Several were also seen in the reef near Snipe Key. LUTIANIDZ. 51. Lutianus griseus (Linneus). Mangrove Snapper. Marquesas and Boca Grande Key. Found about the roots and usually under overhanging mangroves, from which places they dart or swim quickly out to the open water when disturbed. They asso- ciate with the other snappers, and in some places are very abundant. Some attain quite a large size. 52. Lutianus apodus (Walbaum). Schoolmaster. A very young example in alcohol which I take to be this species has the bedy dark brownish with about six pairs of dark transverse bands, the paler spaces between each much narrower alternately. Vertical fins more or less pale or whitish, spinous portions blackish basally. Pectoral and ventral dusky. A brownish streak from tip of snout to eye and then continued posteriorly along upper side of head to gill- opening above. Iris slaty. Eye about three in head. Preopercle with a short spine at lower posterior corner. Length one inch. Mar- quesas Islands. > ‘ 98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF _ [March, Other examples were found at Big Pine Key. 58. Lutianus aya (Bloch). Red Snapper. Reported from the Marquesas, but no examples taken. 54, Lutianus synagris (Linnus). Marquesas Islands. 55. Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch). Yellow Tail, Color in life purplish-brown above, side rosy-purplish, becoming more purplish below. Jaws rosy. Iris brassy-white, and a red bar behind pupil. A gilt-green streak from tip of snout to caudal, broaden- ing behind and including upper half of caudal peduncle and finally including all of tail. Edge of tail narrowly dull red-orange. A num- ber of large gilt-green blotches above lateral streak. Narrow pale longitudinal gilt lines, lower ones very pale, below lateral band. Dorsal gilt-green. Margin of soft dorsal and base of spinous fin dull diffuse plumbeous. Anal pale milky, medianly pale greenish-yellow. Pectoral dilute pinkish. Ventral milky, first ray dull greenish-yellow. Lower surface of body white. Inside of mouth and gill-opening white. Length 8 inches. Hailer’s Rock. One of the most abundant food-fishes, large numbers being in the markets of Key West during all of our visit. It has been reported from all the Keys by fishermen. Most of our examples were taken in the deeper channels, like some off Bahia Honda Key. HASMULIDAs. 56. Hemulon sciurus (Shaw). Grunt. Yellow Grunt. Fig. 11 (young). Color in life sky-blue above, inclining or fading to plumbeous below. Lines on snout and upper back in front more or less violaceous. Inside of mouth bright scarlet. Iris silvery. Dorsal plumbeous gray-brown, rayed fin and caudal with slightly more plumbeous and latter becoming pale brownish marginally. Margins of dorsal dull amber, also same shade at base of spinous fin and about seven dull amber blotches basally on radii of second dorsal. Pectoral brownish-amber. Ven- tral and anal golden-amber, and streaks on side same. Axil of pectoral pale. The figure represents a young example from the Marquesas. Jew Fish and Bahia Honda Keys, and found very abundant through- out our trip. 57. Hemulon plumieri (Lacépéde). Grunt. Boar Grunt. Color in life of young, all olivaceous above, more or less golden or gilded, especially laterally. Head with bright blue lines, on trunk 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 99 immediately becoming plumbeous and fading. Fins all more or less pale olive-brown, margin of spinous dorsal somewhat pinkish. Base of caudal with a blackish spot. Inside of lower jaw pale orange. BY > Ei al Fig. 11. Hemulon sciurus (Shaw). Tris silvery tinted with pale orange above. Length 2? inches. An- other was similar except gilt bands were a little broader, upper surface of body a little more olivaceous, ventral and anal more golden, and mandible white. Very abundant about the Marquesas where many were seined. 58. Bathystoma rimator (Jordan and Swain). Young Grunt. Grassy Key, Hailer’s Rock and the Marquesas. Very abundant in these localities, also about the reefs near Snipe Key, where large schools were seen swimming about in the quiet or still waters. SPARIDA:. 59. Calamus penna (Valenciennes). Speckled Porgy. Fig. 12 (young). Color in life brownish, pale purple above on back, and side and lower surface silvery. About six golden-olive vertical bands with edges of 100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, each scale within more or less dusky. Markings extending on fins which are very pale brownish. Iris golden. Length 3,%, inches. The Marquesas and Boca Chica Key. % Fig. 12. Calamus penna (Valenciennes) 60. Lagodon rhomboides (Linnieus). Bream. Color in hfe pale bluish-olive above, below silvery white. Gilt lines above parallel with lateral line, and below horizontal. Vertical lines dusky slate-color, and forming a black blotch at beginning of lateral line. Dorsal spines gilded silvery slate-color. A median broad gilt band entire length of dorsal and anal. Edge of spinous dorsal gilt. Caudal brownish with golden tint. Pectoral and ventral whitish, latter with a gilt line in middle of its length. Inside of gill-opening silvery. Iris silvery with golden and brown. Length 33 inches. Marquesas, Grassy and Big Pine Keys, and Hailer’s Rock. GERRIDA. 61. Eucinostomus gula (Valenciennes). Shad. Color in life bright silvery, back tinted with very pale gray-blue. About four indistinct grayish vertical bands on side of back, most 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 101 distinct in young examples. Dorsal and caudal grayish, other fins paler and translucent. Iris brownish with a brownish vertical bar. The Marquesas, Boca Chica, West Cudjoe’s and Grassy Keys, and Hailer’s Rock. - POMACENTRID. 62. Pomacentrus leucostictus Miiller and Troschel. Cock Eye Pilot. Color-in life with upper half of body anteriorly brilliant violet, this color changing insensibly into yellow, and becoming intense orange- yellow posteriorly as on caudal and on caudal peduncle. Spinous dorsal like back in front. Rayed dorsal yellowish like back posteriorly. A black blue-edged ocellus at junction of dorsals basally. Lower margin of anal olivaceous-yellow, rest of fin like abdomen. Pectoral and ventral orange. Three brilliant, or light, blue lines from eyes and snout to occiput. Iris brown. Two small examples, a little less than an inch in length, were taken in the tide-pools off Hailer’s Rock. When in the water they are very conspicuous on account of their brilliant coloration. They are not especially active swimmers though shy, the smaller ones usually escap- ing capture on account of their size. Found associated with Blennius cristatus, Cyprinodon mydrus and Glyphisodon mauritit. 63. Glyphisodon mauritii (Bloch). Sheepshead. Color in life, back shaded with lemon-yellow. Five distinct vertical bars of deep plumbeous, edges of scales within each dusky-plumbeous. Lower surface of body chalky-white. Fins brownish and transverse bars extending on them. Scales on base of anal specked with dusky, otherwise plumbeous-white. Base of pectoral above, blackish. Each ray and spine of ventral pale dusky, axillary scale white. Head above plumbeous with a deep golden shade. Side of head plumbeous. Ivis brown, front rim yellow. One example 44 inches long from the Mar- quesas shallows. A young example from Hailer’s Rock was more greenish-yellow above in life. Below slaty-plumbeous, becoming more or less silvery on ventral region. Vertical bars dusky. Greenish-yellow and dark bars on spinous dorsal, other vertical fins pale-grayish. Pectoral and ventral whitish. Iris brown. Length 14 inches. SCARIDZA. 64. Cryptotomus beryllinus Jordan and Swain. Parrot Fish. Color in life brown, edges of some scales darker, those on lower sur- face of a light chestnut tint. Dorsal and anal slightly brownish, with 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, a ruddy tint and mottled with slightly darker spots. Caudal brown- ish with slightly brownish cross-bars. Pectoral and ventral pale brownish-white with slight cross-markings of a chestnut tint on latter. Hye silvery. Marquesas. . Another, from same locality, had ventral and anal more rosy-red. Small ones were speckled with dusky and tinted orange-purple on anal below. Spots on belly pale purple. 65. Sparisoma flavescens (Schneider). Parrot Fish. Marquesas, Big Pine and Boca Chica Keys. 66. Pseudoscarus guacamaia (Cuvier). Parrot Fish. Green Parrot Fish I saw a large example of this species swimming about the reef near Snipe Key. In the water it appeared to be entirely dark green. CHASTODONTID. 67. Chetodon capistratus Linnexus. Butterfly Fish. One example seen in the reef about Snipe Key. It was very evi- dently this species and measured about 5 inches in length, as far as I could judge. 68. Pomacanthus arcuatus (Linneus). Black Angel. Color in life blackish. Bars bright lemon-yellow. Each scale on side with a black spot. Iris deep blackish-brown, marginally blackish. Length 4 3; inches. Only one example was taken about the roots of a red mangrove in the Marquesas shallows. It was also reported by several fishermen as rather common about the roots of overhanging mangroves of several Keys. 69. Angelichthys ciliaris (Linnwus). Yellow Angel. Golden Angel. Blue Angel. Several of these beautiful fishes were seen about the reefs near Snipe Key. They like the protection of large rocks and are exceed- ingly brilliant among their equally showy surroundings. MONACANTHIDZ:. 70. Stephanolepis hispidus (Linneus). File Fish. Leather Fish. Color in life green mottled with whitish and brown. Iris pale yellowish. Some examples with fine dusky dots and others with pubie flap edged with pale orange. Subject to great color variation, especially with respect to pattern. Very abundant in the sea-wrack about the Marquesas. Also taken about Hailer’s Rock. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 103 OSTRACIONTIDA. 71. Lactophrys trigonus (Linneus). Trunk Fish. Shell Fish. Color in life pale olive with blue spots or dots. Blotch of blackish on side. Fins pale yellowish-brown, caudal more brownish. Base of dorsal blackish. Iris pale yellowish. Length 6} inches. Marquesas Islands. 72. Acanthostracion tricornis (Linneus). Horned Trunk Fish. Color in life with belly pale sulphury. Spots on body blackish- brown. Fins pale brownish, caudal with a few spots. Chin whitish. Iris yellowish-white with brown spots. Length 3} inches. Marquesas Islands. TETRODONTIDZ. 78. Spheroides nephelus Goode and Bean. Puffer. Swelling Fish. Color in life with side of body citron-yellow. Back variegated with pale vermiculating blue lines of dots and marked with black spots. Blue lines also forming ocelli of black lateral blotches. Fins dilute brownish. Iris dilute yellowish. Length 24 inches. Marquesas Islands. 74. Spheroides plumieri (Schneider). Puffer. Swelling Fish. Color in life brownish above tinted with pale olive and marbled with blackish-brown. Tentacles on back whitish. A dark expanded triangular blotch between eyes. Side of body olive, blotches blackish. Fins pale or dilute brownish. Caudal whitish, and basally and sub- marginally with a broad transverse blackish-brown bar. Lower sur- face of body chalky-white. Iris pale orange-yellow. Length 34 inches. Marquesas Islands and a number from Boca Chica Key. DIODONTIDZ2. 75. Diodon hystrix Linneus. Porcupine Fish. This, and sometimes the following, are taken and dried as curios. Nothing further than that both species occur was gathered from the fishermen. 76. Diodon holocanthus Linnzus. Porcupine Fish. 77. Lyosphera gibbosa Evermann and Kendall. Marble Fish. Color in life pale olivaceous above. Black below forming reticulat- ing lines with bright orange spots. Black lines reticulating above in olivaceous. Jaws pale brownish. Fins whitish. Iris pale golden. Length ++ inches. 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {March, This species was reported not at all uncommon in the shallows of the Marquesas about the Zostera, though I only found one example. It is a very curious and interesting little animal and I watched it inflate and collapse several times before death. The inflation was slight, much less than that of Spheroides. This specimen agrees best with the larger figure given by Drs. Evermann and Kendall,® though the dark reticulating lines are more distinct. Those on top ofthe head are narrow, or fine, and others are broken a little. Those all over abdomen are broader and darker. SCORPASNIDZA. 78. Scorpena grandicornis Cuvier. Sculpin. Color in life brownish variegated with darker and whitish. A broad brownish band from eye down over cheek. Eye brownish. Fins blackish-brown and whitish. Body marked most everywhere with small whitish spots. Length 2,8; inches. Two examples were seined in the sea-wrack of the Marquesas shal- lows. GOBIIDZ. 79. Mapo soporator (Valenciennes). Color in life mottled brownish above, sides with darker brownish spots. Back also with dusky and olivaceous markings. Lower sur- face white. Margin of anal narrowly whitish. Ventral white. Other fins more or less grayish and transparent. Iris brownish. Length 27, inches. Hailer’s Rock, in a tide-pool. After being in alcohol there is an evident small bluish shoulder-spot. Another example was brownish in life with a dull bluish tint, spots more dull or pale bluish. Markings on back brownish. Fins brown- ish, spots pale bluish. Outer portions of dorsal pale yellowish, bas- ally spotted with pale bluish, and brownish between. Caudal same. Anal paler bluish than on dorsal, becoming somewhat dilute brownish- yellow distally with a submarginal brownish line, and tip of each ray whitish. Pupil greenish, edged narrowly with golden. One example 4 inches long from the sea-wrack of the Marquesas shallows. PLEURONECTIDA. 80. Platophrys ocellatus (Agassiz). Flounder. Color in life pale sandy-brown, mottled with white, deep brown and gray, white forming distinct spots. Fins also spotted with same ® Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., XVII, 1897 (1898), p. 131, Pl. 9, figs. 11 and 12. Rappahannock River, near the mouth of Windmill Creek, Virginia. (W. C. Kendall. Type No. 48,794, U. S. Nat. Mus.) 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 105 colors, dark brownish spots at regular intervals and showing through on dextral side, which is whitish. Iris pinkish. A single small example from the Marquesas. BLENNIIDZ. CLININ. CONGRAMMUS gen. nov. Type Congrammus moorei sp. nov. Body elongate and tapering from head. Head deep, large and broadened posteriorly. Snout short. Eyes small, on top of head, directed upwards, close together, and near tip of snout. Mouth su- perior and much inclined. Lips with a series of large cutaneous flaps or cirri. Teeth in jaws in fine bands. No teeth on vomer or pala- tines. Interorbital space very narrow. No gill-rakers. No small upturned hook on shoulder-girdle. Scales rather large and cycloid. Lateral line continuous and arched till over pectoral. Dorsal not divided, radii similar or no apparent spines, and about 40 in number. Anal extending well forward on abdomen. Caudal free and rounded. Pectoral with tips of lower rays, and those of other fins, with exception of caudal, free. Color pale or brownish-white. Small Blennies found in tropieal waters or in shallows with sandy bottoms, and with something of the appearance of the Star Gazers or Uranoscopide. (Kéyypoc, or Téyypec, Congrus, the ancient name of the Conger Eel ; aupoc, sand.) 81. Congrammus moorei sp. noy. Sand Conger. Fig. 13. Head 33; depth of trunk at tip of pectoral 6; least depth of body 7; D. 41; A. III, 33; P. 14; V. 1, 3; scales 46 in lateral line to base of Fig. 13. Congrammus moorei Fowler. caudal, and 1 more on latter; 5 scales obliquely between dorsal and lateral line at tip of pectoral, and 4 scales obliquely back and 106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, down from same point to anal; width of head 1,8, in its length; depth of head 14; mandible 22; caudal 24; pectoral 12; third ray of anal 34; snout about 8 in head from tip of upper jaw; eye about 74; inter- orbital space about half of eye. Body elongate, swollen about branchial region in width but depth at this point less than farther back, and rest of trunk or long tail taper- ing. Upper profile convex, especially above pectoral posteriorly. Caudal peduncle compressed, and its depth nearly a fifth of length of head. Head large, compressed anteriorly and swollen laterally posteriorly, and its greatest depth greater than that of trunk. Upper profile nearly straight, and but little inclined. Lower profile well inclined. Snout very short and a little broad. Eyes superior, directed upwards, close together near tip of snout and longer than broad. Mouth small, superior, and with jaws protruding. Mandible produced beyond upper jaw. Teeth in jaws, only apparent when mouth is open, fine andin bands. Apparently no teeth on vomer or on tongue. Lach lip with a fringe of long cutaneous flaps of even length at regular inter- vals and conspicuous at all times. Tongue thick, rounded, a little posterior in mouth, and free in front. Nostrils directly in front of eye, separated, and anterior with a small cutaneous rim or in a short tube. Interorbital space very narrow and a little concave. Opercle with radiate strize above, each of which is produced beyond posterior margin as a slender cutaneous process over gill-flap and beyond. Gill-opening large, extending forward about midway in length of head. Rakers absent. Filaments small, about equal to orbital diam- eter. Isthmus compressed, and surmounted with broadened sur- face which is concave medianly. Seales only on trunk, except several on base of caudal, where they are large. Scales cycloid, large, except on nuchal region anteriorly, and in parallel series. Lateral line of large simple tubes and con- tinuous, at first high or after fourteenth scale of its course midway in depth of body. A Dorsal of simple flexible rays, none apparently evident as spines, tips of each free anteriorly, but becoming gradually more restricted by membranes posteriorly where it is free from caudal. Origin of dorsal beginning a trifle before posterior margin of preopercle. Anal with three rather pungent short spines, anteriorly separated from rest of fin, and nearly opposite origin of pectoral. Rest of anal, except first few elongated rays which are more or less erect with first two inclined forward and with well-developed membranes, similar to dorsal. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 107 Caudal rounded and small, free from dorsal and anal. Pectoral large, broad, tips of lower rays free, and median rays longest. Ventrals jugular, each with three graduated rays with more or less free tips. Color in alcohol pale brownish, whitish below, and a trifle darker on top of head. Latter, and back, with many minute pale brown specks or dots. Fins all transparent or brownish-white. Iris whitish, pupil slaty. Color in life white, below brighter, above more translucent and marked on back alternately with pale brown and white. Fins trans- parent whitish, dorsal and caudal hardly darker. Iris pale greenish- white, becoming silvery marginally, and pupil black. Length 2 inches. Type No. 30,621, A. N.S. P. Hailer’s Rock, Florida Keys. June 23, 1904. H. W. Fowler. Only a single example, the type, was taken in very shallow water on the sandy shore of Hailer’s Rock. (Named for Mr. Clarence B. Moore, of Philadelphia, well known for his valuable researches in Archeology, and through whose interest in Zoology the expedition to the Florida Keys was realized.) BLENNIIN#®. 82. Blennius cristatus Linneus. Rock Fish. Color in life olive-brown above, saddles darker than ground-color. Body speckled or minutely spotted with deeper brown and whitish, markings becoming pale plumbeous below. Lines of dorsal brown. Edge of fins whitish. Caudal tinted a little with pale green. Ab- domen dilute greenish-white and translucent. Fins all very pale transparent brownish, and pale markings dusky or whitish. Lower surface of head pale dusky. Eye brown. Crest on head dull deep red with dusky spots. A larger example with dilute carmine tints to margins of dorsals and upper edge of caudal, posterior margin of latter and tips of dorsal radii whitish. A whitish-plumbeous spot at base of each anal ray and also at tip of each, submarginally dusky. Spots and lines on body dilute plumbeous or pearly-blue. Bars on caudal dusky. Occipital filaments reddish. Axil of pectoral dusky. Brownish bars on lower half of pectoral. Iris brown. Small examples have brownish lines on dorsal more pale brownish. Found very abundant in all the tide-pools on Hailer’s Rock and West Cudjoe’s Key. In such places they are often found completely entrapped, darting quickly about when disturbed, however, soon find- 108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, ing shelter in the crevices. They are colored much in keeping with their surroundings, so that it is difficult to make out their presence when quiet. 83. Auchenopterus marmoratus (Steindachner). Rock Fish. Color in life brown, darker markings dark brown. A pale spot on side of head tinted greenish-white. Pale markings on body whitish or pale brown. Caudal whitish. Blotches on dorsals and anals blackish-brown. Iris reddish. One small example from the sea- wrack in the Marquesas shallows. BROTULIDA, 84. Ogilbia cayorum Evermann and Kendall. Color in life nearly uniform or pale isabella-color, finely dusted with minute darker specks or dots. Eye slaty. Four examples from West Cudjoe’s Key were taken in the tide- pools. They all show a distinct opercular spine and have very incon- spicuous or imbedded scales, not arranged transversely or otherwise in indistinct series, the fish having the appearance of being naked when alive. BATRACHIDA. 85. Opsanus tau (Linnzus), Color in life brownish, below whitish. Dorsal and caudal pale brown, markings darker. Paler markings creamy. Iris brownish. One 3} inches from the Marquesas. Another, 14 inches long, from West Cudjoe’s Key has no ventral sucking-disk. Color-pattern suggesting that of certain Cottide. Blotches on body and vertical fins posteriorly very large and confluent, so that contrast between light and pale markings is pronounced. Belly and abdomen immaculate whitish. OGCOCEPHALID A. 86. Ogcocephalus radiatus (Mitchill). Toad. Plate I‘I. Color in life deep slaty-brown, without any distinct markings. Dorsal, caudal, anal and pectorals same color above and basally below, and marked with a beautiful network of whitish lines forming more or less distinct ocelli. Sides of trunk similarly colored. Lower distal portion of pectoral, ventral, anal and caudal tinged with golden. Under surface of body otherwise pale or soiled whitish. Iris brownish with pale radiating line. Length 7% inches. Big Pine and Ballast Keys, about the shallows. They do not move fast and are easily captured in the hand or in a small dip-net. They 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 109 lurk about the rocks or sea-wrack, and their protective colors make it difficult to distinguish them when quiet or not moving about. AMPHIBIANS. BUFONIDS. 87. Bufo quericus Holbrook. In life plumbeous-gray, markings dusky slate-color. Lower surface of body translucent whitish. Soles of feet and toes brownish. Iris with yellowish next to pupil. Abundant in the open grass-land on Big Pine Key. They progress by a series of short jumps. HYLIDA. 88. Hyla squirella Daudin. In life plumbeous above speckled with dull brownish. A blackish- brown line from tip of snout along side of head and including eye in its course. Lower surface of body pale brownish-white. Legs pale translucent brown, whitish below and posterior feet dusky. Iris brown. This species was found on the ground about shady hammock-land on Boca Chica Key. I also saw one on a Gumbo Limbo tree on Vaca Key. 89. Hyla carolinensis (Pennant). A small green frog, evidently this species, was seen on Key West and Boca Chica Key. REPTILES. COLUBRIDZA. 90. Natrix fasciata (Linus). Moccasin. One example was taken in the mangroves of Boca Grande Key. Here they live in the pools among the roots and short sprouts, and are thus difficult to see on account of the seclusion afforded. I did not meet with it in any other locality, though it doubtless occurs as it was reported from No Name Key. The vernacular is ‘‘Moccasin,’’ as distinguished from the ‘‘Cotton Mouth Moceasin’’ (Agkistrodon contortrix). . 91. Bascanion constrictor (Linneus). Black Snake. Reported from No Name Key. Seen on Knight and Summerland Keys. 110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, 92, Lampropeltis doliatus (Linnwus). Red Snake. An example, reddish or coppery-red in color, was found on Boca Chica Key. Others were reported from No Name, Summerland and Cudjoe’s Keys. CROTALIDZA. 93. Crotalus adamanteus Beauvois. Rattler. Rattle Snake. Diamond Rattle Snake. Reported from Boca Chica, Big Pine and No Name Keys. I ob- served it on Summerland and Sugar Loaf Keys, and on the latter one was secured. SCINCIDA. 94. Eumeces fasciatus (Linnieus). Lion. General color in life waxy-black. Lines on head and neck deep brick-orange, becoming rather more orange on trunk, and finally fad- ing into deep ultramarine-violet tail, though latter at first azure. Line along side of head paler or more ochraceous. Lower surface of head pale or translucent, mandible somewhat dilute purplish and throat greenish. A tinge of pale brick-color on lower side of head. Iris brownish. Lower surface of trunk dusky with brassy reflections. Feet and legs black. This beautiful little lizard was first noticed in the hammock-land on the east end of Boca Chica Key. They were also rather plentiful on Vaca Key, where a rather large one was secured. THIDA. 95, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (Linnius). Lagarto. Lion. Tn life upper surface brownish, and from above hind legs to tip of tail grayish-brown. Lower surface entirely chalky or livid dilute lavender-blue, inclining more to bluish laterally. A median pale streak from occiput along upper surface of tail to become joined with its fellows. They unite with a slightly ochraceous one on each side, though becoming pale gray on tail, and extending parallel from occiput. A bright yellow line similar in shape and course from above posterior margin of eye and extending back along side of tail where it also be- comes gray. From lower eyelid below another of pale lemon to hip and fading out on femur. Still another, and paler, fading out on ribs in front. It is indistinctly defined. Eyelid pale yellowish. Iris brown. Lower side of head pale bluish. Top of head pale brown. Inside of mouth flesh-colored. Upper surfaces of fore legs grayish- brown. In sutures of squamation on posterior costal region, hind 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 111 legs, and front of tail, brick-colored patches. Lines fade out on tail which is almost entirely gray a short distance from its base. A brown- ish-gray line on posterior side of hind leg, leaving a white one between it and color above. It extends along lower side of tail where it is blue- ereen, and though continued a good distance back is not well defined. Toes and soles of feet pale brownish flesh-color. Key West, Boca Chica, Big Pine, Knight, Vaca and Grassy Keys. The above notes are from an example from the former locality. They were abundant on most Keys, where they were seen running swiftly through the grass. They soon hide in holes or among rocks. About the lagoon on Key West I found them most common under low grassy vegetation where numerous insects, such as small grasshoppers, were seen. IGUANIDAs. 96. Anolis principalis (Linnzus). Lion. Key West, Boca Chica, Marquesas, Big Pine, No Name, Vaca, Grassy and Summerland Keys. Many bright green examples were seen on Key West among grasses and other green vegetation, from which they are distinguished with difficulty. Those on the ground, or on brown sticks, ete., were brown in color. I never saw the animal change to the negative of its surroundings. They are quick, though more easily captured than the other species. CROCODILIDZ. 97. Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin). Alligator. Reported from several pools we saw on Little Pine Key, though I did not see any example during our stay. They were also reported from pools on Summerland Key, and were said to occasionally reach six feet in length. DERMOCHELYDIDA. 98. Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli). Trunk Back. Frequently taken about the Keys. Several shells were seen about Key West. - CHELONIIDZ. 99, Thalassochelys caretta (Linneus). Logger Head Turtle. Logger Head. Reported as abundant in the past and still frequently taken. It, like both of the following species, is much sought after, and bids fair to become exterminated in a short time if the ruthless depredations of the turtle-fisher are not speedily checked. These animals, all of which 112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, breed in suitable places in the Keys, are thus subjected to addi- tional danger as their eggs are also held indemand. These are eagerly gathered when found and used as food. 100. Eretmochelys imbricata (Linneus). Hawk’s Bill Turtle. Shells of this animal were seen in Key West. It was reported as of frequent occurrence in past times. 101. Chelonia mydas (Linnvus). Green Turtle. Turtle. Hunted for food and the most familiar of the family. Several times newly laid eggs, most likely of this species, were found on the sandy beaches of the different Keys. EMYDIDA. 102, Malaclemmys littoralis rhizophorarum subsp. noy. Terrapin. Diamond Back Ter- rapin. Plate IV. Head large, heavy, flattened somewhat above, and below, and a little swollen laterally behind each eye. Eye large. Snout short, and rather obtuse. Jaws each with a broad horny covering. Mouth large, and its profile together with mandible convex. Legs and feet strong, furnished with stout claws, five on each anterior limb and four on each posterior. Claws on fore feet rather broad, and those on hind feet narrow and longer. Scales on limbs well developed supe- - riorly. Tail short, conic, and rather weak. Carapace slightly ovoid when viewed from above, with its greatest width opposite posterior portion of fourth vertebral plate. Anterior carapace a little emarginate. Carapace deepest when viewed laterally about middle of its length, or tops of crests of second and third verte- bral plates highest with profile sloping down gradually in front and behind. Lower margin of carapace sloping gently down to a point above suture of seventh and eighth marginal plates, then turns up- ward and outward a little to descend again behind. Vertical and horizontal measurements of marginal plates forming bridge with plastron, or fifth, sixth and seventh, about equal. Edges of marginal plates from sixth backwards sharp and becoming more revolute to most posterior. Axillary and inguinal plates well developed. Each vertebral plate, except posterior which is evenly convex, with a median keel surmounted by a more or less well developed osseous tubercle posteriorly, and best developed proceeding to last. Hach plate of carapace with conspicuous concentric rings. _ Plastron a trifle ovoid, and its greatest width would fall a trifle in advance of its middle or about middle of bridge. Front of plastron nearly truncate or its anterior edge only very slightly emarginate. Behind bridge sides of plastron nearly parallel to posterior margin of femoral plate where there is a prominent notch, and then more convergent to ends of anal 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 113 plates which are furnished with a deep notch on median line. Epider- mal plates of plastron smooth. Color in life. Carapace deep dusky, with perhaps faint or obscure darker mottlings. Inferior portion of marginal plates of carapace of the same shade of pale yellowish-brown as the plastron, though at each suture a broad blackish blotch. These blotches are most distinct and conspicuous on the bridge, those of posterior plates very narrow. Plas- tron dull or pale yellowish-brown, and articulation of each plate with a broad irregular blackish margin, at least anteriorly. Head, legs, feet and tail pale-slaty or plumbeous, and former speckled or spotted with a dark or dusky-slaty. On legs this is evident as each scale has a dark or slaty center. Jaws whitish or of a whitish horn-color. Top of head pale or light. Eye grayish. Claws horn-color, dark or brownish above. Length of carapace 7} inches. Type, No. 16,570, A. N.S. P. Boca Grande Key, Florida. June 18, 1904. H. W. Fowler. Clarence B. Moore Collection. This form is known to me only from the above described example, which was collected in a pool among the mangroves of Boca Grande ~ Key together with Natriz. It did not appear to me to be especially abundant on the islands we visited, whether for seclusive habits or other reasons, I could not tell. It was reported from other islands within the limits of our trip, however. As it is highly valued as food it is much sought after. Provisionally, as a form of Malaclemmys littoralis of Prof. Hay,’ from the Texas coasts, it may be recognized as a distinct subspecies. Although he had a very large series of individuals, the sutures of the marginal plates of the carapace are not described as black, which is the case in the example before me. His figures do not show this, and certainly the colored one of the adult is different. I have recently had the opportunity of examining a large series of several hundred living examples of Malaclemmys centrata (Latreille), through Dr. Samuel G. Dixon, in the markets of Philadelphia. Most of these were said to have been procured near Savannah, Georgia. Great variations in color were noticed, some individuals approaching the above described example very closely, while others had perfectly uniform plastrons, ete. Most of the variations, like those figured under Emys concentrica by Sowerby and Lear,* were found. (Rhizophora, Mangrove.) 7 Bull. Bureau of Fish., XXIV, 1905, p. 18. ® Tort. Terrap. Turt., 1872. Four figures referable to Pls. 33-55, and 36, are not numbered in the copy before me. 8 114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {March, NEW, RARE OR LITTLE KNOWN SCOMBROIDS, NO. 3. BY HENRY W. FOWLER. CHLOROSCOMBRIN 45. Chloroscombrus hesperius sp. noy. Fig. 1. Head 4; depth 24; D. 1, VIII-I, 26; A. ILI, 25; P. 1, 17; V. I, 5; scales 98? (squamation injured) in lateral line to base of caudal; depth of head, over middle of orbit, 145 in its length; width of head 24; mandible 2; third dorsal spine 2;%,; second dorsal ray 2; first anal ray 2,95; ventral 24; snout 32 in head, measured from tip of upper jaw; eye 24; maxillary 24; interorbital space 32; least depth of caudal peduncle 5¢; upper caudal lobe 34 in head and trunk; pectoral 23. Body rather shorter than in C. chrysurus, strongly compressed, Fig. 1.—Chloroscombrus hesperius Fowler. ovoid, lower profile much more convex than upper and greatest depth at base of spinous anal. Caudal peduncle long, slender, compressed, and its least depth about 3 in its length. Head deep, compressed. Snout short, forming obtuse profile, upper surface convex and upper jaw little produced. Eye rather large, 1906.) NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 115 circular, and a little high and anterior. Adipose eyelid broad poster- iorly, and covering a good portion of iris. Mouth obliquely vertical, rather small, and mandible well protruded. Maxillary reaching op- posite front margin of eye, and its distal expanded extremity a trifle less than pupil or about # of orbit. Teeth minute, in bands in jaws, and also present on vomer, palatines and tongue. Tongue long, rather narrow, with rounded tip, and free infront. Lips thin, except lower on side of mandible. Interorbital space elevated and with a median elevated trenchant keel extending to occiput. Nostrils adjoin- ing, near upper front rim of orbit and posterior larger. Gill-opening extending forward about opposite posterior nostril. Rakers 10+33, slender, compressed, and longest % of orbit. Fila- ments about + length of longest rakers, and pseudobranchie about same size. Isthmus narrowly compressed, and its edge not trenchant. Seales small, cycloid, and forming convex series bulging posteriorly over costal region. A few small scales on occipital region, postocular region, and on opercle above, head otherwise naked. Spinous dorsal and anal depressible in narrow scaly sheaths. Soft dorsal and anal anteriorly with basal scaly sheaths and rays more or less depressible within. Lateral line convex anteriorly, its bulge about equal to 1$ in straight portion, and no keel. Spinous dorsal small, inserted nearly midway between tips of upper jaw and pectoral, and fourth or fifth spine probably longest (damaged). Soft dorsal inserted nearly midway between front rim of orbit and base of last dorsal ray, a little in front of straight part of lateral line, and first few rays elongated a little. Soft anal similar, inserted a little in advance of soft dorsal. Origin of spinous anal about last third in space between origin of ventral and that of soft anal, second spine probably a little longer (first damaged). Caudal rather large, lobes slender, pointed, and upper much longer. Pectorai long, slender, and reaching about opposite first third of base of anal. Ventral in- serted a little behind origin of pectoral, small, both fins depressible in a groove extending to and containing vent, and when depressed thus reaching $ of space to spinous anal. Color in alcohol more or less silvery, and back above brownish. A small dull or pale brown spot on upper edge of opercle. Head pale brown above. Eye dull brassy. Fins pale brownish, spinous dorsal and upper anterior dorsal rays with a little brownish. A blackish blotch at base of upper caudal lobe. Length 6? inches. _Type No. 11,198, A.N.S.P. West Africa. Dr. H. E. Savage: 116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, This species is closely related to Scomber chloris Bloch, with which it may possibly prove identical. However, that form, if the original figure is to be trusted, is very close to Scomber chrysurus Linnzeus. It will be seen to differ from C. chrysurus in the slightly deeper form, larger eye, more anterior insertion of the anal, and longer pectoral. The gill-rakers are about the same. (‘Eoxégptos, western, with reference to the type locality.) TRACHINOTIN #. GLAUCUS Walbaum. Klein, in Walbaum, Pet. Arted. Gen. Pisc., III, 1792, p. 585, with Scomber amia Linnzus as type, has priority over Hypacantus Rafin- esque, Carat. Aleun. Nuov. Gen. Spec. An. Piant. Sicilia, 1810 (April 1st), p. 43 (=Hypacanthus =Hypacantha = Hypodis =Hypodys Rafinesque =TInchia Cuvier = Porthmeus Valenciennes). Glaucus amia (Linnzeus) examined. CAMPOGRAMMA Regan. Campogramma Regan is distinct, as an examination of Campo- gramma glaucus (Linnzeus) shows. TRACHINOTUS Lacépéde. PAMPANOA subgen. nov. Type Chetodon glaucus Bloch. Anterior rays of dorsal and anal prolonged so that they form long faleate lobes. Caudal long and triangular. Side with several dark transverse vertical bars, at least above. Trachinotus glaucus (Bloch) examined. (Paémpano [Spanish], a common vernacular for the fishes of this genus and mostly written Pompano.) Subgenus TRACHINOTUS Lacépéde. T. ovatus (Linnzeus), 7’. jaleatus (Linnzeus), 7’. goreensis Cuvier and T. carolinus (Linnzeus) examined. STROMATEIDZ. STROMATEIN#. Subgenus STROMATEUS Linnzus.! Stromateus brasiliensis sp. noy. Fig. 2. Head 414; depth 21; D. V, 40; A. V, 37; P. II, 18; width of head 1,85 in its length; snout 32; eye 43; maxillary 33; interorbital space 22: 1 Stromateus fiatola Linnwus examined. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 117 least depth of caudal peduncle 2; pectoral (damaged), a little less than head; upper lobe of caudal (damaged) about 34 in head and trunk; about 125? scales in a lateral series from gill-opening below lateral line to base of caudal. Body ovate, deep, compressed, and greatest depth about origins of rayed dorsal and anal. Back rather trenchant before dorsal. Caudal peduncle compressed, its least depth about 4 of its length. Head deep, compressed, blunt in front, profiles steep, and upper a little concave in front. Snout blunt, convex and profile in front nearly vertical. Eye rather small, circular, a little low, and posterior margin Fig. 2.—Stromateus brasiliensis Fowler. about midway in length of head. Adipose eyelid well developed, and concealing a good portion of eye. Mouth a little inclined, small, and mandible hardly protruded in front. Maxillary not quite reaching front rim of orbit, and distally expanded till about equal to pupil. Teeth minute, uniserial, and forming a rather weak cutting edge. Palatines with minute asperites. Vomer edentulous. Tongue smooth, broad, rounded, and free in front. Nostrils adjoining, a little nearer front of snout than front margin of eye, and posterior larger. Inter- orbital space elevated, trenchant, a keel beginning at the internasal region. Preopercle broad and with radiating flutings. Opercle striate. 118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF (March, Gill-opening extending forward about opposite front margin of eye. Rakers 5+13, pointed, longest about 2 of longest filaments which are 3 of orbit. Pseudobranchiz a trifle longer than longest raker. Isthmus rounded. Seales small, and extending well out on most of fins, almost entirely on dorsals and anals where they are greatly reduced and crowded. Head naked except cheek and operele. Lateral line damaged, convex at least anteriorly. Dorsal apparently over middle of pectoral, spines graduated to last which is longest though not as high as longest anterior rays. Anals similar though origin of spinous well posterior, a little before end of pectoral. Only first 7 or 8 rays of rayed dorsal and anal a little longer than others. Caudal large, forked, and lobes rather broad. Pectoral broad, its origin a little above lower rim of orbit. Anus placed nearly opposite origin of spinous dorsal. Color in aleohol pale brown, mostly uniform, or the back onlyfa trifle darker and marked with indistinct traces of numerous crowded slightly darker or grayish spots. Fins pale brown, pectoral a trifle darker. Iris dull brassy. Length 13% inches. Type No. 11,354, A. N. 8. P. Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Mus. Comp. Zoél. Cambr., Mass. One example which does not agree with Gay’s figure of Stromateus maculatus.2. This is very poor, as no squamation whatever is indi- cated, the fins are naked, also the head, there is no adipose eyelid, operele and preopercle without striz, and the spots are greenish- golden, the lower ones brighter. The dorsal shows VI, 38, and the anal III, 32. Jenyn’s Chiloe example * had D. VII, 41, and A. V, 50, and the one from Port St. Julien in Central Patagonia is possibly identical with S. brasiliensis. The original account of S. maculatus by Valenciennes states that the spots are yellow. (Brasiliensis, of Brazil.) 4 PTERORHOMBUS subgen. nov. Type Fiatola jasciata Risso. Fiatola Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid., III, 1826, p. 289 (fasciata). (Not of Cuvier.) Small ventrals present. Stromateus fasciata (Risso) examined. ? Atl. Hist. Chile, Zool., 1854, ‘‘lam 3bis,’’ fig. 1. 5 Zool. Voy. Beagle, IV, Fish, 1842, p. 74. ‘ Hist. Nat. Poiss., IX, 1833, p. 296. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 119 (IIzep6y, fin, with reference to ventral; ‘p4f0s, Rhombus, a rhomb or diamond, and formerly applied to species of Seserinus, Palometa and Poronotus.) SESERINUS Quoy and Gaimard. Seserinus Cuvier, in Quoy and Gaimard, Voyage de |’Uranie, Zool., Jan.—Mar., 1825, p. 384 (aanthurus), has priority over Peprilus Cuvier, Régne Animal, Ed. Il, I, 1829, p. 214 (longipennis=paru), now in use. Cuvier’s account in l.c., Ed. 1, II, 1817, p. 342 (alepidotus = paru) cannot be used on account of its vernacular form. Seserinus xanthurus Quoy and Gaimard examined. NOMEID A. Psenes chapmani sp. nov. Fig. 3. Head 3; depth 13; D. X, I, 23; A. III, 25; P. 11, 17; V. I, 5; scales 60 in lateral line to base of caudal; 9 scales vertically between origin of soft dorsal and lateral line, and about 25 vertically between latter and origin of soft anal; width of head 2 in its length; depth of head over middle of eye about equal to its length; snout 33; eye 3; maxillary 3; interorbital space 3; least depth of caudal peduncle 3; pectoral 14; ventral 1%. Body deep, compressed, rather ovoid, profiles similar, and greatest depth about origin of soft anal. Caudal peduncle compressed, and its least depth about 14 in its length. Head deep, compressed, profiles steep, and similar, blunt in front. Snout short, blunt, convex, upper jaw but slightly projecting. Eye rather large, circular, anterior, and its lower margin about midway in depth of head. Mouth small, jaws about even, and maxillary extend- ing obliquely down barely opposite front margin of orbit. Teeth in jaws uniserial, rather pronounced, well separated and sharp. No teeth on roof of mouth. Tongue rounded, and free in front. Nostrils small, very close together, and well in front of eye above. Inter- orbital space convexly elevated. Gill-opening extending forward about opposite front rim of orbit. Rakers 11+ 20, clavate, a little shorter than filaments which are about 2 in orbit. Pseudobranchiz nearly as large as filaments. Seales small, those above lateral line forming series parallel with its course, and those below forming horizontal longitudinal series. Except interorbital space, supraocular region, nasal region, snout, mandible, and branchiostegal region, head is covered with scales, those on middle of cheek and opercle largest. About 7 series on cheek. Seales in front of spinous dorsal small and crowded. Vertical fins 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF fMarch, almost entirely scaled over most of basal regions which form sheaths for spinous dorsal and anal and also rayed dorsal and anal at least anteriorly. Only ends of caudal lobes naked. Scales on bases of these fins also small and crowded. Base of pectoral scaly. Ventral with innermost ray united to abdomen by a membrane and both fins de pressible in a groove. Lateral line curved similarly with profile of back, also approaching it more closely posteriorly, and extending a little above middle-of side of caudal peduncle. Lateral line not extending on base of caudal and tubes simple. Spinous dorsal inserted a trifle in advance of origin of pectoral, spines flexible, and graduated to fourth which is longest. Soft dorsal ASTRAL E ae APE 32 au 2%) Zi ‘Fae 2. "3 o fo) Me 4 Le ese Ae reed OFS LE0 nD, ee ee Se Re rap CY. a £5 ee rae oS yi Weness i 4 he Fig. 3.—Psenes chapmani Fowler. inserted a little nearer tip of snout than base of caudal or about over middle of pectoral, and fin a little higher anteriorly. Anal similar, spines graduated to third which is longest, and rayed fin inserted per- haps a trifle in advance of rayed dorsal. Caudal forked, lobes rather long and pointed. Pectoral broad, hardly reaching half way to tip of last anal ray. Ventral inserted a little behind origin of pectoral, and reaching second anal spine. Anus in ventral groove before tip of ventral fin. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 121 Color in aleohol rich warm brown, lower surface paler, evidently silvery in life. Along each series of scales on side of body a narrow streak or line of darker color than general body-color. Above lateral line these also follow series of scales parallel with it, and below it they are also horizontal.. Lower side of head including cheek and opercle spotted or dotted with brown. Spinous dorsal and ventrals dusky- brown. Rayed dorsal with more or less pale dusky-brown on its outer portion. Caudal and anal paler. Pectoral pale brownish. Inside of mouth pale. Iris brassy. Peritoneum whitish. Length 32 inches. Type No. 14,621, A. N. 8. P. Taken on the surface of the open Atlantic in Lat. 24° 21’ N., Long. 34° 32’ W. (northwest of Cape de Verde Islands). Dr. W. H. Jones. Also seven paratypes with same data. The very young differ in having the body marked with large blotches, no longitudinal lines on side, and lower parts of head together with thorax marked with numerous brown spots. Larger example with 28 rays. Young examples also from the open Atlantic’s surface in Lat. 23° 53’ N., Long. 53° 06’ W. (northwest of the Lesser Antilles). Another also from the Atlantic in the Saragossa Sea. All from Dr. William H. Jones. The East Indian form® needs comparison. Psenes guttatus appa- rently differs in coloration, especially the spotted thorax and lower surface of the head. None of my examples show a trace of the bluish bar indicated by Valenciennes, Psenes edwardsii Kigenmann ® has a little different radial formula and about 140 scales in the lateral line. (Dedicated to Dr. Henry C. Chapman, Professor of Institutes of Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, who has contributed many valuable additions to the ichthyological collections of the Academy.) LEPODIDZAl fam. nom. nov. LEPODUS Rafinesque. Carat. Alcun. Gen. Spec. An. Piant. Sicilia, 1810, p. 53 (saragus =rait) is to be used, as Brama Klein, in Walbaum, Pet. Arted. Gen. Pisc., II, 1792, p. 586, with Cyprinus brama Linnzus as type, preoccupies Brama Schneider, Syst. Ichth., Bloch, 1801, p. 98, based on Sparus raii Bloch. The Pomfret, Lepodus raii (Bloch), examined. ® Hist. Nat. Poiss., IX, 1833, p. 198, Pl. 265. ® Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., XXI, 1901 (1902), p. 35, fig. From under a medusa, 30 miles south of Newport, Rhode Island. 122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {March, CORYPHAINID A. Coryphena equiselis Linnzeus is of perfectly correct form, and not to be emended to C. equisetis as some writers seem to suppose. Further, it is not a misprint for the latter but simply a different form of the same. A small example, 25 mm. in length, from between the Cape de Verde Islands and Montevideo (Uruguay), examined. PEMPHERID 3. PEMPHERIS Cuvier. PRIACANTHOPSIS subgen. nov. Type Pempheris milleri Poey. Anal rays 25 to 32. Pempheris miilleri Poey examined. (Ipiwy, saw; akavOa, spine; é¢ts, appearance. So named as these fishes resemble the young of Priacanthus.) This paper concludes the series. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 123 MOLLUSCA OF THE SOUTHWESTERN STATES. II. BY H. A. PILSBRY AND J. H. FERRISS. The present paper deals with mollusks of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, collected chiefly by the authors in 1903, and not included in the first paper of this series." No attempt has been made to present complete faunas; but in connection with the previous paper, about all the reliable data extant upon the snail faunas of the Chiricahua and Huachuca ranges in southeast Arizona and the eastern and southern borders of the Lower Sonoran area in Texas will be found herein? It has not been thought expedient to repeat data elsewhere accessible. For the student of mollusean distribution, the life zones of the United States as mapped by Dr. Merriam * emphasize the secondary and not the primary facts of distribution. The laws of temperature control, which he has developed with keen insight, do not define. transcon- tinental zones of primary import zoologically. These zones are sec- ondary divisions of vertical life areas of which the molluscan faunas were evolved in large part independently. The Sonoran fauna is probably intermingling more now with that of eastern North America than at any former time, at least so far as such sedentary forms as land mollusks are concerned. Similar conclusions have been reached by Mr. A. E. Brown in deal- ing with Texan reptiles.‘ The results of his study ‘‘establish three facts, hitherto not wholly free from uncertainty: first, that the bound- ary between the Austroriparian and Sonoran reptilian faunas lies ap- proximately between the 96th and 98th meridians of longitude in Texas; second, that the restricted Texan district of Cope is not Aus- troriparian but Sonoran; third, that transcontinental zones of distribu- tion cannot be maintained in the Medicolumbian region for reptiles.’’ 1 Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1905, p. 211. * Some New Mexican records, chiefly from material collected by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell in the upper Pecos valley, are added. * Biological Survey, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Bulletin No. 11, Map. North American Fauna, No. 25, Plate I. * Texas Reptiles and their Faunal Relations, Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1903, pp. 543-558. Post-Glacial Nearctic Centers of Dispersal for Reptiles, Proc. A. N. S. Phila, 1904, p. 464. 124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, ce . . the community in reptiles between the Sonoran and the Austroriparian is much less than that between the Sonoran and the Central; it is, in fact, limited to widely ranging genera... . the separate identity of these two faunas [Sonoran and Austroriparian], as far back as they can be traced, confirms the conclusion already reached, from their present distribution, that the association of the Sonoran with the Austroriparian into one transcontinental zone is unnatural.’’ This terse statement only requires the substitution of ‘‘mollusks’’ for “reptiles’’ to serve as a summary of the results of our present in- vestigation. In land mollusks, as in reptiles, the Sonoran types have pushed farther into the humid Austroriparian than the eastern types into the Sonoran area. Bulimulus and the texasiana group of Poly- gyra are cases in point; while Eastern subgenera of Polygyra, and prac- tically all Austroriparian forms except the minute, widely ranging genera, stop short at the rise marking the approximate limit of the Cretaceous formation and the Sonoran area in Texas. The common boundary of the Austroriparian and Sonoran, while surprisingly sharp for continuous areas, is deeply accidented by the river valleys, which carry very narrow Austroriparian ramifications into Sonoran borders. Thus, along the San Marcos river in Hays county, the Guadalupe river in Comal county, and the San Antonio river in Bexar county, an Austroriparian fauna with such Eastern forms as Omphalina, Poly- gyra thyroides, P. monodon fraterna, P. auriformis, P. roemeri, Bulimu- lus d. liquabilis, etc., is found, while the fauna on the bluffs or away from the streams is frankly Sonoran. Farther southwest, the Aus- troriparian forms are wholly wanting, even where moist local condi- tions prevail, as in the immediate vicinity of the streams of Val Verde county. A list of the forms characteristic of the eastern or lower portion of the Sonoran in Texas (Texan District of Cope) follows: Praticolella berlandieriana Strobilops |. texasianus Thysanophora hornw Zonitoides nummus Polygyra hippocrepis Vitrea indentata umbilicata Polygyra texasiana hyperolia Vitrea dalliana roemerv Polygyra t. texasensis Euconulus chersinus trochulus Polygyra mooreana® Helicodiscus eigenmanni Bulimulus d. mooreanus Planorbis carus Bulimulus d. ragsdalei Planorbula obstructa 5 This species extends somewhat into the Austroriparian. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 125 Bulimulus d. pecosensis Goniobasis comalensis Bulimulus alternatus marve Paludestrina seemani Holospira roemeri Paludestrina diabola Holospira goldjussv Ammuicola comalensis Microceramus texanus Cochliopa riograndensis Euglandina singleyana Potamopyrgus spinosus Bifidaria procera cristata Valvata micra Nine genera of this list are not known to occur in the Austro- riparian or humid region of Texas. For list of the latter fauna, the student is referred to the catalogue of Mr. J. A. Singley, cited below, from which a long list of Austroriparian forms of Eastern type may readily be compiled. The first list of Texan mollusks of any extent was published by Romer in his excellent work on Texas, 1849. Numerous references to the terrestrial mollusks will of course be found in Binney’s successive volumes. In 1878 Mr. A. G. Wetherby® published some notes on the forms he found in eastern Texas (American Naturalist for 1878, pp. 184, 254). The principal source of information, however, is Mr. J. A. Singley’s Contributions to the Natural History of Texas, part I, Texas Mollusea, published in the Fourth Annual Rep. Geol. Survey of Texas, 1893. In this list Mr. Singley has included with the records of his own extensive collecting, others from many sources, so that the records are of unequal value. The Texan list stands much in need of revision and a good many names thereon are doubtless to be rejected, either because the forms do not occur in Texas, as in the case of Ampullaria, or beeause of wrong identifications; yet the work cannot be done until resident naturalists take it up. HELICINIDA. Helicina orbiculata tropica ‘Jan’ Ptr. Texas: San Marcos, Hays county; Comal county, around New Braunfels; San Antonio, Bexar county; two miles north of Hondo, Medina county; Del Rio, Devil’s river and High Bridge of the Pecos, Val Verde county. Some colonies are all white; others are mingled with red or blue shells. HELICIDA. Praticolella berlandieriana (Moric.). Figs. 1, 2. Texas: San Marcos, Hays county; Guadalupe river above New ® By error Mr. Wetherby’s name was printed ‘‘W. G. Weatherby ’’ 126 : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, Braunfels, Comal county; San Antonio, Bexar county; Hondo river, two miles north of Hondo, Medina county; Del Rio, Val Verde county. Mr. Ferriss took some thin, translucent specimens, 8x 10 mm., at Smithville. The shell varies from 9.8 to 11.7 mm. diam. The pub- Fig. 1. lished figures do not show that there is frequently a short lamellar tooth or callous on the parietal wall near the suture, a short distance within, as shown in the “figured specimen from the Guadalupe river near New Braunfels. Thysanophora hornii (Gabb). Texas: Hondo river, near Hondo, Medina county; Rio San Filipe, near Del Rio; Devil’s river, west of Del Rio, and Pecos river at the High Bridge, Val Verde county, all in river drift. New Mexico: Florida mountains, near Deming, Grant county. Arizona: Cochise county; Cave creek canyon in the Chiricahua mountains; Fort Bowie; drift of San Pedro river at Benson, and Manilla mine, at the west end of the Huachuca mountains. This small species is a typical Thysanophora, closely related to the type of the genus. It varies but little throughout its extensive range, unless it be in the cuticular lines and hairs, which are worn off of the river-drift specimens. It has not before been reported in this country from east of Cook’s, Grant county, N. M. Our collection of 1903 extended its known range in the United States more than 500 miles eastward, to the border of the Staked Plains in central-southern Texas. Further localities in Arizona are given in Nautilus, XII, p. 99. In Mexico, 7. hornti has been collected at Topo Chico, near Mon- terey, Nuevo Leon, and at Victoria, Tamaulipas (Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1903, p. 763). It is therefore one of the widely distributed species of the States both north and south of the international boundary in the Sonoran area. Polygyra auriformis (Bld.). Helix auriformis Bland, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. of N. Y., VII, p. 37 (1858). ? Helix sayii Wood, Index Testaceologicus, Suppl., p. 22, pl.7, p. 34 m (1828). Texas: Galveston (J. H. Ferriss); Calhoun county (Hubbard) ; 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 127 Austin and San Antonio (Pilsbry, 1885); along the Guadalupe river, three or four miles above New Braunfels (Ferriss and Pilsbry). Sing- ley adds the localities Bastrop and Burleson counties. It is an Austro- riparian species which reaches into the borders of the Lower Sonoran area along the river bottoms. While the identity of Wood’s H. sayi with aurijormis is not estab- lished with sufficient certainty to make a substitution advisable, in our opinion, yet there can be no doubt that Wood had either that species or one of its immediate allies. Helix sayi of Binney, 1840, being a homonym, may be changed to Polygyra sayana (Terrestrial Mollusks, U1, pl. XXIII). Polygyra hippocrepis (Pfr.). Figs. 3, 4. The known range of this curious snail is exceedingly restricted. It has been found only near New Braunfels, in Comal county, Texas. We found it in abundance in April, 1903, on the west side of the Guadalupe river about four to six miles north of. New Braunfels, under stones near and at the foot of the bluff, with Holospira goldjussi. Another place much nearer the town is on the rocky wooded hillside above the springs of Comal creek, where we found a few living ones. This place is just beyond the pleasure gardens. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. The structure of the aperture of P. hippocrepis has never been fully described or figured. The parietal tooth is not V-shaped as in other Polygyras, but U-shaped, hence the name hippocrepis—horseshoe. There is an internal tubercle on the columella, as in P. mooreana. The upper and lower lip-teeth enter and arch towards each other, forming a U-shaped curve, which stands close to but a little deeper than that formed by the parietal tooth. Where the two entering teeth join there is a notch and a delicate slender hook with the point curved towards the adjacent basal wall projecting forward. The immersion of the originally lower lip-tooth gives room for a secondary callous ridge along the basal lip, as shown in fig. 4. 128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, These structures form in their way a more perfect barrier perhaps than that produced by other means in P. auriculata and wvulifera. The species stands isolated at present. It is perhaps an aberrant and highly evolved relative of the Tennessee-Arkansas group of P. jack- sont, ete. Polygyra texasiana (Moricand). PI. V, figs. 16, 17, 20. Specimens of typical P. terasiana were taken by us in Hays, Comal and Bexar counties, Texas. Ferriss took it at Galveston. The type locality is ‘‘Texas.’’ In this widespread form the last two whorls are strongly rib-striate above, the riblets rapidly diminishing on pre- ceding whorls; the embryonic whorl is smooth and glossy. The ribs are strongest just behind the lip, and here continue upon the periphery or to the base, which is elsewhere nearly smooth or merely rippled. Fresh shells show a reddish peripheral band on the pale brownish- corneous surface. Specimens: figured are from the west side of the Guadalupe river above New Braunfels, Texas. Alt. 5, diam. 11 mm. Along the Rio Grande P. terasiana occurs with transition forms to P.t. hyperolia. See below. Form with striate base. In some localities the ribs of the upper sur- face continue upon the base (pl. V, figs. 18, 19, Calhoun county, Texas), the other characters being unchanged. There are transitions to the normal sculpture of terasiana in some specimens, and we do not think it desirable to distinguish this form at present by a special name. Its distribution must be more fully worked out than we have been able to do. Calhoun county is on the Gulf coast near the southern angle of the State. P. texasiana hyperolia u.subsp. PI. VY, figs. 13 14, 15. Shell more depressed than texasiana, glossy, very finely striate, almost smooth, above and below, with several riblets behind the lip-constriction. Uniform brownish-corneous or paler beneath, without a peripheral band. Aperture smaller and slightly more oblique than in terasiana. Alt. 4, diam. 9.3 to 10 mm. The type locality is the high land west of Devil’s river. This is the common Polygyra along the Rio Grande in Val Verde county, extend- ing north and northwest. The specimens from down the river, at Hidaleo) ..: = county, and Laredo, Webb county (collected by Singley), are either tevasiana or transitional between terasiana and hyperolia in sculpture. At Del Rio, along the Rio San Filipe, Ferriss and I found still the terasiana and transition forms. On the high land west of the Devil’s river, Val Verde county, we found hyperolva in some numbers, under prostrate Yucca trunks and 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 129 sometimes concealed in the shelter of the downward-drooping dead leaves on standing Yuccas. From this region they have been washed into the Devil’s river, where bleached shells are abundantly found in the drift débris. We also took specimens in the high land along the Pecos river, near the High Bridge (Viaduct, on some maps), east of the river, and in drift débris in the canyon. In the interior counties of Texas we took specimens in the drift of the Hondo river, Medina county, about two miles north of Hondo. Much farther northward Mr. Ferriss found hyperolia at Colorado City, Mitchell county, Texas. In New Mexico Prof. J. D. Tinsley collected it on South Spring creek, near Roswell, in the Pecos valley, where it occurred fossil in a bed of white marl, three to four feet below the surface. It is not now found living in that locality. We are indebted to Prof. Cockerell for these specimens.’ P. t. hyperolia varies about as much as texasiana in size. Specimens from west of Devil’s river measure from 3.8x8 mm., with 44 whorls, to 4.2x 11 mm., with 5 whorls. This variety is not the Helix (Polygyra) tamaulipasensis of Lea, which is typical P. texasiana, as I have ascertained by a comparison of the type kindly made for me by Dr. W. H. Dall. Polygyra texasiana texasensis (Pils.). PI. V, figs. 11, 12. Polygyra texasensis Pils., Nautilus, XVI, p. 31, July, 1902. Similar to P. t. hyperolia in the depressed shape and smooth surface, without riblets above; but decidedly larger, with about 54 whorls, the umbilicus broader than is usual in the other forms of the species. Alt. 5.2, diam. 12.5 mm. Alt. 5.8, diam. 12.5 mm. Alt. 5.8, diam. 13.7 mm. Colorado City, Mitchell county, Texas; types collected by James H. Ferriss in 1902, No. 83,258, A. N. S. Phila. This is a large edition of P. t. hyperolia, and further collections from the almost unknown northwestern half of Texas are needed to deter- mine whether it is really distinct enough from that subspecies to call for recognition of the latter by name. In the large series of hyperolia collected there were, however, no forms as large as texasensis. Polygyra mooreana (W.G. Binn). PI. V, figs. 4-10. This species stands close to P. terasiana, but the shell is smaller than 7 Reported as P. triodontoides in The Nautilus, XIII, November, 1899, p. 84. 9 130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF (March, any but the smallest terasiana, and with about the same number of whorls (5 to 53) appears more closely coiled. It is constantly dis- tinct by the elongated columellar tubercle within the last whorl (shown in fig. 9). This tubercle seems to be what Binney erroneously describes as “an internal transverse tubercle on the base of the shell’’—an ex- pression which would lead one to expect such a structure as that found in the Stenotremas. Binney states that the color is ‘‘white,’’ but fresh shells are brownish-corneous, a little paler and somewhat transparent at the base. The diameter varies from 6.5 to 8 mm. Variation in the degree of elevation is shown in the figures. P. mooreana was originally described from Washington county, Texas. We took specimens at Smithville, Bastrop county, San Mar- cos, Hays county, around New Braunfels, Comal county (figs 4-7), and on the Hondo river north .of Hondo, Medina county (figs. 8, 9, 10), everywhere in copious quantity. There are also specimens before us from Washington county, Belton, Fort Worth, Waco, Austin and Lee county. Further records are given by Mr. Singley in his valuable catalogue. It was taken at Galveston by Ferriss. Polygyra mooreana tholus (W.G. Binn). PI. V, figs. 1, 2, 3. Larger than mooreana, with the last whorl far more openly coiled below, exposing more of the penultimate whorl in the much wider umbilicus. Specimens from Washington county measure: Alt. 5.5, diam. 11, width of umbilicus 4.2 mm.; whorls 7. Alt. 4, diam. 8.2, width of umbilicus, 3 mm.; whorls 6. This form holds such a relation to P. mooreana as P. d. sampsoni to P. dorjfewilliana, being very openly coiled beneath, with a deep and very long groove on the last whorl within the umbilicus. The internal ridge is like that of P. mooreana. It seems to be comparatively local in distribution and is certainly rare. We have never seen a fresh specimen. It was described from Washington county, Texas, the locality of the specimens figured. It is in the collection of the Academy also from Calhoun county. Ferriss took a few specimens at Galveston, and Sing- ley found it in Fort Bend and Brazos counties. Von Martens reports a worn specimen found by Friedel at Vera Cruz, Mexico. Polygyra roemeri (Pfr.). Smithville, Bastrop county, Texas (Ferriss); San Antonio, Bexar county (Pilsbry and Ferriss); near New Braunfels, Comal county, one specimen (Pilsbry). BULIMULIDA. The genus Bulimulus in Texas has caused much perplexity to stu- dents. Many and diverse have been the views held as to the rank 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 131 and identity of the several forms. Several times since the first visit of one of us to Texas, in the winter of 1885-86, they have been carefully studied anew, with each time larger materials and better knowledge of the country. To the specimens already in the museum of the Academy about 1,000 were added by our expedition of 1903, from central and western Texas and Indian Territory. The series is divisible into two species, B. dealbatus and B. alternatus marie; the first further split into numerous local races or subspecies. The typical forms of B. alternatus and B. schiedeanus do not, so far as we know, extend into Texan territory; both were described from Mexico where they range over a large area. B. patriarcha W. G. B., unquestionably a form of schiedeanus, was also described from Mexico (Buena Vista), and we have seen no specimen of it from within our borders.® In the United States, Bulimulus has not been found west of the neighborhood of El Paso. We know nothing of what forms live in the State northwest of a line from Austin to San Antonio, or north of the Southern Pacific Railroad from San Antonio westward to El Paso. Beyond some extension of the ranges of B. dealbatus mooreanus and B. alternatus marie, little is to be expected from the great unknown area. The following forms are now recognized : 1. B. dealbatus mooreanus W. G. B., Pfr. Arid region of central and south Texas. 2. B. d. liquabilis Rve. Eastern and southeastern Texas. 3. B. dealbatus Say. Alabama to Kentucky, west to Kansas. 4. B. d. ozarkensis P. and F. Northern and western borders of the Ozark uplift. 5. B. d. ragsdalei Pilsbry. Bluffs of Red river and southwestern Texas. 6. B. d. pecosensis P. and F. Southwestern Texas. . B. d. pasonis Pilsbry. El Paso, western Texas. 8. B. alternatus marie (Albers). Southern Texas. ~J Of these forms, the anatomy of B. d. mooreanus, B. d. liquabilis, B. d. ragsdalei, B. d. pecosensis and the Val Verde county race of B. alternatus marie has been examined more or less fully. All agree in having a rather short, fusiform penis with a basal sheath which in- _ * We do not mean to deny that the forms mentioned occur in Texas. The coun- ties along the Rio Grande west of the mouth of the Pecos are still unexplored for shells, and B. schiedeanus especially may turn up in this region. 132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {March, cludes the vas deferens; a rather long and slender epiphallus, and a flagellum. An atrium can scarcely be said to be developed, but the vagina is rather long in all the forms. The globular spermatheca is borne on a long duct, which is lightly bound to the oviduct and is usually somewhat swollen near the middle. The right eye-retractor passes between the co and 2 branches, and there is an excessively weak and short penial retractor about 1 mm. from the end of the flagellum, and inserted on the lung floor. B. a. marie differs strongly from all forms of B. dealbatus by the great length of the penis with its appendages, and of the duct of the spermatheca. Moreover, the penial organs are longer than the spermathecal duct, while in mooreanus and pecosensis the spermathecal duct is the longer. These differences confirm the opinion, derived Fig. 5—A, Bulimulus a. marie. B, B. d. liquabilis. C, B. d_ pecosensis. D, penis of a fully mature individual of same E, B. d. ragsdalei. F, penis of another individual. G,B.d.mooreanus. Fig. D < 23; the other figures x 2. from a study of the shells, that B. alternatus and dealbatus are well differentiated specifically. The measurements of the genitalia in millimeters follows: 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 133 | Total length Length I ie cae Length of penis, | of penis Benga of Sena Museum | eptphallus |(to insertion of Theowusth \ dumber and of vas vagina. Piva: : _ flagellum. | deferens). oe | | B a. marie | | Pecos river [aay 34 Tan ee5 84,627 Del Rio 45 | 29 84,635 | | B, d. liquabilis | | San Marcos 36 29 11 27 91,396 | B. d. mooreanus | Guadelupe river 23 | 16 6 30 84,628 B. d. ragsdalei | | Devil’s river | 16 10.5 5 17 84,638 B. d. pecosensis 10 en | eebteae ||| 8 6 20 84,618 24 1.5 B. dealbatus mooreanus (‘W. G. B.,’ Pfr.). Pl. VI, figs. 1-6. Pir., Monographia Hel. Viv., VI, p. 148 (1868). Bulimus schiedeanus in part, W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll., IV, p. 129, pl. 80, fig. 8 Bulimulus schiedeanus var. mooreanus W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll., V, p. 392, figs. 277, 278; Man. Amer. Land Shells, p. 400, figs. 438, 440. ; The shell is thin, ovate-conic, opaque white above, cofjee-with-cream col- ored below the periphery, or sometimes either white or coffee-tinted throughout; sometimes varied with a few gray streaks, or some scattered translucent-gray dots; surface smooth, with the spire more or less “striate, apical whorls waxen or dark. Umbilicus narrow. Interior cream-white. Five specimens from New Braunfels measure: Alt. 26 22.5 25.5 23 22.5 mm. Diam. 16.5 13.5 14 12 13 Aperture 15 12.8 12.6 11.8 12:8 “ Distribution, eastern division of the Lower Sonoran in Texas. Originally described from ‘‘ Washington and DeWitt counties, Texas.’’ Specimens from both of these are before us, and also from Hays, Comal, Guadalupe, Bexar, Medina, Frio, Uvalde and Victoria counties. Some shells from Fort Worth and Waco, in northern Texas, are also like mooreanus, while others resemble B. d. liquabilis. B. d. mooreanus is smaller, thinner and smoother than the Mexican B. schiedeanus (Pfr.), but intergrades with B. d. liquabilis Rve. through certain specimens having ragged dark streaks, chiefly on the spire, such as fig. 5 of pl. VI. In the main, the subspecies is quite uniform 134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF (March, in characters, and easily recognized. It is the only Bulimulus found in the greater part of the region it inhabits, and is one of the com- monest forms in collections. The specimens seen from Fort Worth are not unlike those referred to B. d. liquabilis from Waco, and it is not easy to decide upon which race they belong to. They are undifferentiated forms. In Comal, Guadalupe, Bexar and Medina counties we found only typical mooreanus. In Frio county the shells are somewhat more solid and often whiter. In a series of 313 specimens from along the Guadalupe river above New Braunfels (pl. VI, figs. 2, 3, 4) I could find but one shell with any of the ragged stripes of B. d. liquabilis. In 165 taken along the river below San Antonio (pl. VI, fig. 1) there were 7 with some ragged stripes, at least on the upper whorls. A series of 55 mooreanus from Victoria had 4 striped shells (pl. VI, figs. 5, 6). The percentage of intergrading specimens is therefore small. B. dealbatus liquabilis (Reeve). PI. VI, figs. 7-12. Bulimus liquabilis Reeve, Conch. Icon., V, pl. 57, fig. 387 (Dec., 1848). Bulimus confinis Reeve, Conch. Icon., V, pl. 86, fig. 643 (Feb., 1850). Bulimulus schiedeanus Pfr., W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll., V, p. 391, fig. 276, but not the description. The shell is thin, variable in shape but usually obese, the aperture half the total length or more. Translucent-corneous or brownish- corneous, more or less profusely marked with opaque whitish ragged streaks. Interior whitish or colored like the outside. This is the form of the humid Austroriparian zone in Texas, as B. d. mooreanus is of the arid division. Specimens are before us from the following counties: Dallas, McLennan, Coryell, Bell. Travis, Lee, Hays, Jackson, Nueces. Also from Limestone Gap, Indian Territory. Where the range of liquabilis adjoins that of mooreanus there is a belt of overlapping; but so far as we know the two do not actually occur together. At San Marcos, Hays county, for instance, B. d. liquabilis lives on the moist low alluvium along the San Marcos river, while B. d. mooreanus is found on the Cretaceous limestone hills above the town. It seems that the one form extends finger-like up some of the streams, while the other may occupy intervening upland or calcareous stations. B. liquabilis and B. confinis were both described from ‘‘Texas.’’ B. d. liquabilis differs from mooreanus by the predominance of corneous-brown coloring. It is also usually more globose and less smooth. It is more globose than B. dealbatus, with less convex whorls, as a general rule, yet there seems to be practically complete intergradation between the races, and some Texas shells are not dis- 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 135 tinguishable from those of Alabama, though most others could not be matched from east of the Mississippi. On the whole, the race has intimate relations to those east and west of it, yet seems in its own area to be sufficiently differentiated to be recognized. Specimens from Jackson county (collected by J. D. Mitchell) are typical of liquabilis. They are small (pl. VI, figs. 9, 10, 11), well striped as usual, variable in the length of the spire, and generally have a strong, narrow lip-rib. Alt. 18.7 20.5 18.5 18 21 mm. Diam. 12 12.5 11 110 EDA nice Aperture 115 1% 10 9.5 AES eens Whorls 54 52 6 6 64 Shells from Lee county (J. A. Singley), are larger, more globose, cor- responding to Reeve’s B. confinis. The corneous-brown tint largely predominates over the reduced whitish streaks. Lip-rib present in adults (pl. VI, fig. 12). Alt. 19 22 25 17.6 mm. Diam. 14 14 15.2 ia lees et: Aperture 12 13 14.8 10:3" Whorls — 6 64 6 Waco specimens mostly have the spire longer, as do those from Belton, Austin and San Marcos. In the series from the latter locality (Ferriss and Pilsbry, 1903) there are about equal numbers of typical striped shells and nearly unicolored corneous-brown ones, with indis- tinct whitish streaks alternating with pale reddish on the spire (pl. VI, figs. 7, 8). They measure: Alt. 25.5 25.5 26 mm. Diam. 14 15 145) < Aperture 14 14 1 een The genitalia of one of the unicolored shells are figured (fig. B). The individual supplying the preparation was that shown in fig. 7 of plate VI. Fig. 8 of the plate, a streaked shell, was found similar anatomically. Judging by these shells, the race liquabilis is quite appreciably different from mooreanus in the proportions of the geni- talia. Some specimens from Limestone Gap, Indian Territory, evidently belong to this race. 136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March. The shells figured by Binney as B. schiedeanus (Manual of American Land Shells, p. 399, fig. 437) are apparently B. d. liquabilis. They are certainly not the true schiedeanus, of which figures may be found in the Manual of Conchology. Bulimulus dealbatus (Say). PI.VI, fig. 13. Helix dealbata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IT, p. 159, 1821. Say gave the localities ‘‘Missouri and Alabama.’’ His specimens in the Academy Museum are labelled Alabama. One of these three, agreeing with the dimensions given by him, is figured (pl. VI, fig. 13), as the type of the species. The Alabama form has a globose last whorl and rather large umbilicus. The aperture is a little more than half the total length of the shell, but much less than the diameter of the - shell. The shell is profusely striped with ragged white stripes on a pale brownish ground. The type measures, alt. 19.4, diam. 12.2, length of aperture 10.6 mm. The same form occurs in Tennessee, Kentucky (Warren county), and west to Kansas (Shawnee county). Some specimens from the humid portion of Texas also seem to belong here. B. d. ozarkensis 0. subsp. Pl. VI, fig. 14, 15. B. dealbatus Say, Pilsbry, Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1903, p. 204 (Seligman, Mo.). On the northern and western borders of the Ozark uplift this form has been differentiated. The whole shell, and especially the last whorl, is narrower, the aperture is smaller, ordinarily half the total length or less, and the umbilicus is narrower. The’shape is about that of B. d. ragsdalei, but the last whorl is not rib-striate, though the spire is weakly so. Coloration as in dealbatus. Specimens measure: Locality. Seligman. Rogers Mam. Spring. Alt. 26 21.6 21 mm. Diam. 13.2 10.5 11 a Aperture 12.8 10 IOs; © Whorls a 7 64 Limestone Gap, I. T. Alt. 22 21. 20 20 17 mm. Diam. 11.3 11.2 9.7 10.8 94: Aperture itil 10.2 9.5 10.8 OF. eS Whorls 64 64 62 64 6 Distribution, northern and western outliers of the Ozark system: Mammoth Spring, Fulton county, Arkansas; Seligman, Barry county, southwestern Missouri (fig. 14); Rogers, Benton county, Arkansas (fig. 15); Limestone Gap, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 137 While only weakly characterized, this form seems to range over a considerable area, and apparently deserves recognition by name. B. dealbatus ragsdalei (Pils.). Pl. VI, figs. 16, 17. Nautilus, IIT, p. 122; Man. of Conch., XI, p. 129. The shell varies from the ovate shape of typical dealbatus to a more lengthened and slender form, and is conspicuously rib-striate, the strie white on a tawny or white-blotched ground and weaker on the base of the shell. The lip-rib is strongly developed. Three adult specimens of the type lot measure: Alt. 21.5 18.5 16.5 mm. Diam. 10.8 10.3 So Aperture 10 9.3 Sig Whorls 64 64 6 Only dead, more or less bleached shells have been taken from the top of the Red river bluff at the southern end of Warren’s Bend, twenty-five miles northwest of Gainesville, Cooke county, and a mile north of St. Jo, Montague county, Texas. Across the whole State of Texas nearly 400 miles distant, this form reappears on the Rio Grande river, in Val Verde county, in an area inhabited also by B. alternatus marie. We are quite unable to find any constant differences between these Southwestern shells and the Red river types, although the apparent absence of the form in the inter- vening territory suggests that the similar forms of the two areas are independent parallel modifications of dealbatus stocks, rather than actually connected genetically. Yet it is quite possible that the widely sundered colonies have been or still are connected through the great conchologically unknown area northwest of the oblique line across the State marking the limit of our explorations. Dead, bleached shells were found in abundance on the high land west of Devil’s river, but the living ones for some time eluded us. Finally we found them hidden under the dead reversed leaves which thatch the trunks of Yuccas, and sometimes under prostrate dead Yuccas—retreats they share with the smooth race of Polygyra texasiana (pl. VI, figs. 18 to 22). The proportions vary a good deal, a series of adult shells measuring : Alt. 26.5 20 20 21-57 9 16.5 17 mm. Diam. 12.5 92 103 10 LOSs 0 Ste Aperture 12.5 9 10 10.5 = 10.7 9.3 Sy Whorls 74 7 62 63 6 53 64 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {March, The average size of 78 living shells is about 19x 9 to10 mm. Fig. 18 represents the largest shell taken, a dead one 26.5 mm. long. There is but little variation in sculpture among shells from this place. Along the Rio San Filipe, not far from the Rio Grande, in chapparal on the east side, we found numerous specimens differing from those of Deyil’s river by having the rib-strie nearly obsolete on the last whorl except just below the suture. A large number of dead shells were found, but only very few living ones (pl. VI, figs. 23, 24). They have the dull reddish, white-streaked coloration and the shape of the Devul’s river ragsdalet. Bulimulus dealbatus pecosensis n. subsp. Pl. VI, figs. 26, 27. B. d. schiedeanus var., Pilsbry, Man. of Conch., XI, p. 132, pl. 17, fig. 6. The shell is conspicuously calcareous, whitish with some fleshy or sometimes corneous or ochraceous streaks; upper whorls striate, the last somewhat roughened by irregular growth-wrinkles. Spire long, composed of numerous short convex whorls, the suture nearly hori- zontal; apex white or pale; aperture small, usually ochre-tinted in the throat, lip strengthened by a rib within. Alt. ol 29.7 26.5 24 22.8 21 mm. Diam. 14.8 14 12.8 12 12.7 ON mice Aperture 15 14 12.7 10.5 11.5 10 e Whorls wt Tt 74 Wt Ul a Type locality, on the mesa about 14 miles southeast of the eastern end of the High Bridge of the Pecos (Southern Pacific Railroad), Val Verde county, Texas. We found one small colony of this form, in the midst of the large dark-mouthed B. alternatus marie, and like that chiefly living on Agave. The extent of the colony was perhaps not more than 50 yards, but as the sun had already set, and we had just emerged from the labyrinthine side canyons of the Pecos, we had time to collect only about thirty-five specimens, each, most of them dead. Everywhere else in the region around the High Bridge we found only B. a. marie. This form is clearly a stunted race of the larger and: less slender B. schiedeanus of the Mexican fauna. B. schiedeanus has been con- sidered specifically distinet from dealbatus by Binney and all the older authorities, as well as by von Martens, who gives a series of good figures in the Biologia Centrali Americana; but while the typical » schiedeanus is distinct enough, there are not lacking specimens sug- gesting intergradation with some forms of dealbatus. If schiedeanus 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 139 be retained as a distinct species, then the race pecosensis will be rele- gated to it as a variety. Some specimens of pecosensis taken about thirty years ago by Dr. H. C. Wood, probably, as he informs me, from somewhere in the ‘‘Great Bend’’ of the Rio Grande, were noticed in the Manual of Conchology, Vol. XI. Bulimulus dealbatus pasonis Pils. Pl. VI, fig. 25 Pilsbry, Nautilus, XVI, July 1902, p. 32. The shell is smaller and more slender than any other form of deal- batus, the diameter about half, the aperture less than half the total length of the shell; nearly smooth, being sculptured with irregular growth-wrinkles only... The dead specimens are dull reddish-corneous with some streaks and mottling of opaque white. Whorls 5} to 6, quite convex. Aperture small, ovate, the insertions of the lip and columella markedly approaching, without an internal lip-rib in the specimens seen. Umbilicus comparatively large. Alt. NST 15.3 mm. Diam. 7.5 Teoh pe Aperture 6.8 Os Franklin mountain, near El Paso, Texas. (J. H. Ferriss.) This is the most distinct, as it is the most remote, of the races of B. dealbatus, and unless connecting forms come to light, it may well be given specific rank. The absence of regular striation on the spire, the converging ends of the lip and the diminutive size combine to give it individuality. As yet but few specimens have been found, and in a single place. Some individuals of the Val Verde county B. d. ragsdalei approach pasonis in size, but in a series of about 200 examined none approach the other characters of the present race. Bulimulus alternatus mariz (Albers). Pl. VI. Die Heliceen, p. 162 (1850). Binney, Terr. Moll., V, p. 390, figs. 272, 273, pl. li a, upper and lower figs.; pl. li 6, all figs. y This species is recognized by its dense, solid, caleareous texture, oblong shape and colored, usually dark brown or purplish interior, and by the great length of the penis and spermathecal duct. Its range extends in a wide belt along the Rio Grande, from the Gulf at least to the Pecos river. How much farther west we do not know. B. marie was named by Albers for his daughter Mary, having been recognized as distinct on her birthday. The type, figured by Pfeiffer, is a ragged-striped shell with only a low prominence, hardly to be called 140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {March, a tooth, on the columella. Shells of this exact form and coloringjoceur at Laredo, Webb county, on the Rio Grande (pl. VII, fig. 28). In a general way, the eastern (typical) form of marie from Frio county and Laredo eastward differs from the western (Val Verde county) form in several respects: Southeastern Form. Western Form. Smaller, more oblong; lip more Larger, more conic; lip less thick- thickened; columella frequent- ened within; no columellar ly toothed; often with ragged streaks, at least on the earlier whorls. Pl. VII, lower three lines of figures. tooth; often streaked, but with- out ragged or mottled streaks. Pl. VII, upper two lines of figures. — We do not think it advisable at present to make a subspecific separa- tion, especially since none of the names proposed apply to the western race. The genitalia of this race are figured (fig. A). While almost every colony of the eastern race has sight peculiarities in shape, relative abundance or absence of the several color-forms, etc., yet with large series the intergradation is seen to be so complete that we can find no ground for dividing them into several races, as Prof. Cockerell proposes. His plan (Journal de Conchyliologie, 1891, pp. 23, 24) is as follows: 1. With gray or brownish markings: a. Without a columellar tooth, b. Columellar tooth present, . 2. Without color markings: a. With no columellar tooth, . . . . albidus Taylor. b. A columellar tooth, binneyanus Pir. MS. W. G. B. [=wn- termedius Singl., Ckil., Corpus Christi. ] alternatus Say. marie Alb. The true B. alternatus (type in coll. A. N.S.) has not been found north of the Rio Grande, and in all probability does not reach our limits. The name binneyanus is preoccupied, so that were the race valid, we should use for that form the name intermedius Singley MS. Ckll., based on Corpus Christi shells. The type locality of albidus Taylor MS. Ckll. is Derby, Frio county, Texas. Many perfectly adult Corpus Christi shells have no columellar tooth, and hence we should have to divide them between intermedius and albidus. Similarly, various specimens selected from the Derby, Frio county, series before me would be either alternatus, albidus or inter- medius; while from the Hidalgo series, all four of the supposed varieties 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 141 may be selected. The study of good series of shells taken at random and not selected shows that all lots of streaked shells are more or less mingled with white ones, and in colonies of toothed shells, fully adult and old individuals may be found without a tooth. On the other hand there seem, however, to be colonies without ragged-streaked individuals, and also communities in which no toothed shells are to be found. Perhaps the colonies containing mottle-streaked or toothed individ- uals are mixed or hybrid communities. It is a case where experiments on Mendelian lines by some one on the ground might be productive of valuable results. In illustration of the foregoing remarks, a few of the colonies repre- sented in the collection of the Academy may be noticed in more detail. In studying these races it is absolutely essential that the snails be col- lected alive. The colors, particularly of the interior, are evanescent and fade quickly on exposure to the sun and weather, though they change very little if at all in the museum. Corpus Christi, Nueces county (pl. VII, figs. 13, 14, 15, 16), collected by J. A. Singley. Of thick-set compact contour, strong, with a thick eream-tinted lip-rib, which is sometimes brown stained. Pinkish white, almost uniform with some very inconspicuous grayish or fleshy streaks. Not one ina lot of 43 is marked with brown streaks outside. Interior varying from pale yellow to reddish brown, the darker tint exceptional. Columella varying from strongly toothed to nearly straight. Whorls 6, the earliest post-embryonic not distinctly striated. This form is the ‘‘binneyanus Pfr.’’ of Binney, intermedius Singley MSS. of Cockerell. Alt. 29° 27.3 30 25 23 mm. Diam. 16 14.5 15 14 ee ae Aperture 16.5 14 15.3 14 ike) At Hidalgo, Hidalgo county (pl. VU, figs. 17, 18, 19), the shells are more slender, white, rarely streaked throughout (fig. 17), but almost all of a series of 41 are variegated on the earlier whorls (fig. 18). Some are strongly toothed, but most shells have no columellar tooth. Interior brown. Alt. 30° 29.5 29 28.5 mm. Diam. 13.5 13.5 13 We Aperture 14 14.5 13.5 145 “ A series from Brownsville consists of similar but less elongated shells. 142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {March, At Derby, Frio county (pl. VII, figs. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24), the shells are bluish white with bluish streaks, a few brown tinted with brown streaks. The columellar tooth is small or wanting. This form has been called albidus Taylor, Ckll. At Laredo, Webb county (pl. VII, lower line of figs.), the shells are large and mostly long. The lot consists of pure white, and of coffee- tinted, brown-streaked shells, with all intermediate forms. single immature specimen was taken by Rev. E. H. Ashmun in drift of the Salt river, at Tempe, Arizona. Remarkable for its ample umbilicus. The freshest specimens are about the color of Pupoides marginatus. None were taken alive. In the adult shell opened (fig. 6) the parietal and columellar lamelle do not enter deeply, though they go so far that the inner end cannot be seen in the mouth. One broken shell from Tempe, taken by Mr. Ashmun, and which has been in coll. A. N.S. P. for some years, has a strong lamella on the columella, ap- parently at least a half-whorl long, but not pene- trating much farther than fig. 7 shows. This ; lamella may perhaps be developed during the Fig. 7. latter part of the neanic stage, to be resorbed in the fully adult condition. Further material is needed to demonstrate this. It is possible that the Tempe shell represents a distinct species. It tapers slightly more than the types from Benson. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 147 Vertigo ovata Say. Benson, Arizona: Drift of Devil’s river, Val Verde county, Texas. Vertigo binneyana Sterki. Benson, Arizona (Ferriss). Vertigo oscariana Sterki. Drift débris of the Guadalupe river, about four miles above New Braunfels, Texas, a single specimen, a little larger and stronger than Eastern (Austroriparian) examples. Vertigo milium Gid. San Marcos, Hays county; Guadalupe river above New Braunfels, Comal county, and on the Hondo river, Medina county, Texas, in flood débris. Only one specimen from each place, among thousands of other Pupillide, ete. Strobilops labyrinthica texasiana n. subsp. Shell moderately elevated with dome-shaped spire, brown, whorls 54, the first 14 smooth, pale-corneous, the rest regularly ribbed obliquely, the last whorl rounded peripherally or a trifle and obtusely subangular in front, the riblets passing over undiminished upon the base, which is as strongly sculptured as the upper surface (or sometimes smoothish just in front of the aperture). Aperture with expanded, thickened peristome and strong parietal callus, a single strong parietal lamella emerging to the edge of the callus, a second weak one visible within. About half a whorl inward there is a series of about six lamin, the inner one upon the columella, the next short, strong and tongue- shaped, bending outward; the third nearly twice as long, high and sinuous; the fourth very minute and low, often wanting, leaving a space; the fifth and sixth long and low; and just above the periphery on the outer wall a very weak, low, long seventh plica may usually be traced. Umbihcus rather large. Alt. 1.5, diam. 2.2 mm. Types No. 91,330 A. N.S. Phila., from drift of the Guadalupe river about four miles above New Braunfels, collected by Pilsbry and Ferriss, 1903. Other localities in Texas are Austin (Pilsbry), San Marcos (Pilsbry and Ferriss), New Braunfels (Ferriss, Pilsbry and Sing- ley), Guadalupe river bottom, Victoria county, and Lavaca river, Jackson county (J. D. Mitchell), Lee county (Singley), Calhoun county (E. W. Hubbard), Gainesville (J. B. Quintard). A smaller form, diam. 2 mm., was taken in drift débris of the Hondo river about two miles north of Hondo, Medina county (Ferriss and Pilsbry). It also ranges northward into Indian Territory and to Kansas. 148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {March, This form, which for the present we subordinate to the old S. laby- rinthica, is the only Strobilops except S. hubbardi which I have seen from Texas. It may be distinguished from S. virgo by the costulate base, wider umbilicus and far weaker inner parietal lamella. S. strebeli is a much more depressed cone. The statement by Woodward,’ copied into American works, that H. labyrinthica occurs in pretertiary European strata, is misleading, since the American species is really not identical with any from Euro- pean strata, though there are numerous allied forms in the European tertiaries. The genus became extinct in Europe, but survives in China, Helix diodontina Heude being a Strobilops. In America it has not been found in the Northwest or Pacific States, but extends south to Mexico, the West Indies and Venezuela, and a species apparently belonging to the genus has been described from the Galapagos. VALLONIID2. Vallonia excentrica Sterki. Galveston, under boards in a vacant lot. (Pilsbry, December, 1885.) Vallonia perspectiva Sterki. Texas: Drift débris of Devil’s river, and of Pecos river near the High Bridge, Val Verde. county. Arizona: Benson, in drift of San Pedro river. Vallonia gracilicosta Reinh. New Mexico: Drift of Pecos river, at Pecos (Cockerell!). Vallonia cyclophorella Anc. Arizona: Drift of San Pedro river, Benson, Cochise county, a single specimen. COCHLICOPID. Shell oblong, eylindric-oblong or narrowly tapering, smooth and glossy, with imperforate axis; aperture ovate or acuminate, the columella notched below or continuous with the basal lip. Foot without pedal grooves. Kidney with direct ureter, of the Basommatophorous type. Genitalia with a long appendix on the penis, as in Achatinella and the Pupillide. Jaw and radula about as in Pupillide. This group has usually been included in the Achatinide or Stenogy- ride, but the direct ureter removes it to a group of primitive snails represented only by minute species in America, but by the beautiful Achatinellide and Partulide in Polynesia. Cecilianella (Cecilioides) 10 Manual of the Mollusca, p. 286, edit. 2, 1868. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 149 belongs to the same family, and probably Glessula also, but the pallial organs of that Indian genus are unknown. ‘The group is not related to the Achatinde. Cochlicopa lubrica (Miull.). Bear Park and Cave ereek canyon, Chiricahua mountains, and Fort Bowie (Ferriss); Carr canyon, Huachuca mountains (Dr. H. Skin- ner); all in Cochise county, Arizona. Drift débris of Pecos river, Pecos, New Mexico (CkIl.). ZONITIDA. Omphalina extends to the western border of the Austroriparian area in Texas. The form taken by us will be discussed in the conclud- ing paper on Southwestern mollusks. Zonitoides minuscula (Binn.). Texas: San Marcos, New Braunfels, near Hondo, Del Rio, Devil’s river and Pecos river. Everywhere common in drift débris. The specimens all show a tendency to be more widely umbilicate than typical Northern minuscula, a large part of them being typical Z. m. alachuana (Dall). Those from San Marcos and Comal county are of the size of Northern minuscula, but westward the shells reach a decid- edly larger size, with the exception of the lot taken at Devil’s river, which show but little tendency towards a wide umbilicus. In Arizona, Ferriss took specimens of var. alachuana at Bear Park and Cave creek canyon, Chiricahua mountains, in the drift of San Pedro river at Benson, and in the Huachucas. Like other minutiz, these shells are very rare in the Chiricahua and Huachuca mountains. Helix mauriniana Orb., from Cuba, which has been put in the synonymy of minuscula, seems to be a Thysanophora close to or identical with 7. sazicola (Pfr.), as Arango has already stated. Z. minuscula occurs also in Japan. Zonitoides minuscula neomexicana Pils and Ckll. This form is distinguished by the possession of minute and shallow spiral striation. It seems to be of somewhat common occurrence in New Mexico, and upon examining a set of seven specimens taken by me in Galveston in 1885 I find that they are similarly sculptured. They came from under boards in a lumber yard, and it may be that they were brought from New Mexico with lumber, though I do not know that any lumber was shipped from New Mexico twenty years ago. 150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {March; Zonitoides singleyana (Pils.). Zonites singleyanus Pils., Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1889, p. 84; 1888, pl. 17, fig. M. (New Braunfels). ‘ Hyalinia leviuscula Sterki, Nautilus, VI, p. 53, Sept., 1892 (New Braunfels). Texas: San Marcos, New Braunfels, Del Rio, Devil’s river and Pecos river above the High Bridge; everywhere in river débris. Arizona: Drift of San Pedro river at Benson. Zonitoides nummus Vanatta. Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1899, p. 524, figs. (New Braunfels). This species seems to be confined to the Texan Lower Sonoran. We took it at San Marcos, Hays county; Guadalupe river above New Braunfels; Hondo river, Medina county; and in Val Verde county near Del Rio; along the Devil’s river, and in the Pecos canyon above the High Bridge; everywhere in drift débris. Zonitoides arborea (Say). Texas: Galveston; Smithville, Bastrop county; Sinking Spring, near San Marcos, Hays county; near New Braunfels, Comal county. New Mexico: Drift of Pecos river at Pecos (Cockerell). Arizona: Cave creek canyon and Bear Park, Chiricahua mountains, Cochise county. Vitrea indentata (Say). Drift of Pecos river, Pecos, New Mexico (Ckll.). As usual, it is the Canadian and Carolinian form of the species which extends down the Rocky mountains into New Mexico, and not the Sonoran subspecies. Vitrea indentata umbilicata (‘Singl.,’ Ckll.). Ckll., Nautilus, XII, p. 120, Feb., 1899. Texas: San Marcos, Hays county; around New Braunfels, Comal county; Hondo river two miles north of Hondo, Medina county; Del Rio, Devil’s river and Pecos river at the High Bridge, Val Verde county; Alpine, Brewster county, Arizona: Cave creek canyon and Bear Park, Chiricahua mountains; Fort Bowie. Also Florida mountains, Grant county, New Mexico. Large specimens of this race are probably what has been reported from Texas as sculptilis Bld.,—a species which does not, we believe, oceur in that State. This Sonoran race differs from indentata by its distinctly perforate axis and larger average size, yet the perforation varies so much in size in specimens from the Carolinian zone that I would not myself have named the Southwestern form. The name is ill-chosen, since the shells are not ‘‘umbilicate,’’ as that term is technically used, but ‘‘per- forate.’’ 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 151 Vitrea hammonis (Strom). Drift of the Pecos river at Pecos, New Mexico (Cockerell). The specimens scarely show a trace of spiral lines. The species is unknown in the Austroriparian and Lower Sonoran zones. Vitrea dalliana roemeri n. subsp. Fig. 8. Shell openly umbilicate, the width of umbilicus contained about 4 times in the diameter of the shell, pale whitish-corneous, in general shape resembling V. dalliana, V. wheatley: and V. petrophila. Sculp- ture of very close and regular radial grooves, on the last whorl of large specimens becoming crowded and less regular, giving a striate appear- ance. The flat intervals between the grooves show no spiral strix. The base is nearly smooth. Whorls 44, but slightly convex, slowly widening, the last about double the width of the preceding. Suture scarcely impressed, translucent-margined below. Base convex. Aper- ture lunate, slightly oblique; the insertions of the peristome are distant. Alt. 2, diam. 4 mm.; umbilicus .85 mm.; aperture 1.7 x 1.65 mm. Fig. 8 —Vitrea dalliana roemert. Sinking Spring creek, near San Marcos, Hays county, Texas. Types No. 91,318, A. N. 8. Phila., collected by Pilsbry and Ferriss, 1903. Also taken in several places around New Braunfels, Comal county; in the drift débris of the Hondo river, two miles north of Hondo, Medina county; in drift of the Rio San Filipe near Del Rio, and of the Devil’s river, Val Verde county. It has about the distribution of Holospira goldfussi and Helicodiscus eigenmanni. This very pretty little species has a slightly more ample umbilicus than V. wheatleyi or petrophila, and the sculpture is closer and more regular than in either. The last whorl, in dorsal view, is wider than in V. wheatleyi. It is much smaller than V. hammonis. V. dalliana roemeri attains a larger size than the Floridian V. dalliana and the shells have somewhat more regular and crowded grooves on 152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {March, the last whorl; it is less depressed, and the aperture is perceptibly less broad, more roundly lunate. The differences seem sufficient to call for subspecifie separation. The Texan and Floridian areas of distribution seem to be separated, so far as our present data indicates. V. dalliana should be looked for along the northern border of the Gulf. It is known now from peninsular Florida only. Vitrea dalliana™ and roemeri are much smaller than V. hammonis, and seem to replace that in the Austroriparian and Lower Sonoran zones. When originally described it was compared with Zonitoides = arborea (Say), but it is not really related to that but to the hammonis group. In fact V. hammonis, ie) binneyana and dalliana form a group of very closely related species. In a large number of V. dalliana examined from several localities, the largest shell measures, alt. 1.6, diam. 3.2, width of umbilicus Fig. 9—V. dalliana, -75, aperture 1.4 mm. wide, 1.2 high. This shell, from Osprey, Manatee county, Fla., is here figured. The figures do not represent the fine and beautiful sculpture of the surface. Vitrea milium meridionalis n. subsp. Similar to V. miliwm but larger, diam. about 1.75 mm., with nearly 34 whorls, the first one finely, distinctly lirate spirally, the last whorl with oblique wrinkles much coarser than in miliwm, more or less an- astomosing, and fine spiral striz, the latter distinct on the base. V. miliwm with the same number of whorls is smaller and more finely wrinkled, and in Maine and Ohio shells spirals on the first whorl are excessively weak or wanting, not deeply engraved to the tip, as in Texas shells. Texas: San Marcos, in drift of Sinking creek, in the limestone hills; along the Guadalupe river above New Braunfels (type locality); Hondo river, Medina county; drift of Pecos river. (Pilsbry and Ferriss.) New Mexico: Cloudcroft, Sacramento mountains (Viereck); Santa Fé (Ashmun). Arizona: Huachuca mountains (Ferriss); Walnut Gulch near Jer- ome (Ashmun). Specimens from Baldwin and Clarke counties, Ala. (C. B. Moore), Zonites dallianus Simpson, Pilsbry, Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1889, p. 83, pl. 3, figs. 9-11. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 153 seem to be referable to this race. In the Northwest another form of the species, Z. milium pugetensis Dall, replaces the typical miliwm. Neither of the subspecies differs much from miliwm, but what differ- entiation there is seems to be correlated with geographic range. This species was erroneously placed in Zonitoides in the Classified Catalogue of 1898. We are now convinced that it belongs, as Morse demonstrated’, to the subgenus Striatura of Vitrea. Vitrina alaskana Dall. V. pfeifferi Newe., Proc. Cal. Acad., II, p. 92, 1861 ; not of Deshayes, 1852. Vitrina alaskana Dall, Land and Fresh-Water Mollusea of Alaska and Ad- joining Regions, Harriman Alaska Exped., XIII, p. 37. Arizona: Huachuca mountains (Ferriss), numerous rather small specimens, the only ones we have seen from Arizona. It seems to be a common species of the Canadian and Transition zones eastward, speci- mens being before us from the following places in New Mexico: Chi- corico canyon near Raton (Cockerell); Las Huastus canyon, Sandia mountains, near Albuquerque (Miss Maud Ellis); near Las Vegas (Miss Mary Cooper); White Oaks and Gilmore’s Ranch, Sierra Blanca (Ash- mun); Fort Wingate (Dr. E. Palmer); James canyon, Cloudcroft, Sacramento mountains (H. L. Viereck). The type locality of V. alaskana is Carson valley, Nevada; but it has a wide range, from Alaska to the Mexican boundary and probably beyond, southward occurring only at high elevations. Euconulus falvus (Mill.). Drift of Pecos river, Pecos, New Mexico (Cockerell). Cave creek canyon, Cochise county, Arizona (Ferriss). Euconulus chersinus trochulus (Reinh.). Nautilus, XII, p. 116. Texas: Sinking Spring, San Marcos, Hays county; New Braunfels and vicinity, Comal county; Hondo river, north of Hondo, Medina county; Rio San Filipe near Del Rio, and Deyil’s river, Val Verde county ; everywhere in drift débris. ENDODONTIDZ. Pyramidula oronkhitei anthonyi Pilsbry. n. n. Heliz striatella Anthony, Boston Journ. of Nat. Hist., IIT, p. 278, pl. 3, fig. 2’ 1840. Not Helix striatella Rang, 1831. This shell, well known under the preoccupied name H. striatella Anth., has typically a rounded periphery and moderately developed oblique and sigmoid rib-strie, 4 or 5 in the space of a mm. on the front of the last whorl at the periphery. There are 34 to 3} whorls. 154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, Alt. 2.7, diam. 5.25mm. Type locality, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, near ‘‘Strawberry Mansion,’’ No. 68,899, A. N.S. P., collected by E. G. Vanatta. In my opinion the widespread Eastern race is not specifically dis- tinct from Helix cronkhitei Newe., of northern California, ete., of which specimens from Dr. Neweomb are before me, but it evidently requires separation as a subspecies. F Arizona: Chiricahua mountains, Cochise county, at Fort Bowie, Bear Park and Cave creek canyon (Ferriss); Carr canyon, Huachuca mountains (H. Skinner). New Mexico: Drift of Pecos river at Pecos (Ckll.). Texas: In 1885 I dug a single specimen of this species from the bank of Comal creek, New Braunfels, where it occurred with several other land and fresh-water shells. Singley reports it from the Pleistocene of Swisher county. It is not known to occur living in Texas, or any- where in the Austroriparian zone. Its oecurrence in the Texan Pleisto- cene is anomalous, like the presence of Pupilla blandi at New Braunfels. RADIODISCUS Pilsbry, n. gen. Minute, discoidal, openly umbilicate Patuloid snails with the first 14 whorls minutely engraved spirally, the rest of the shell densely radé- ally costulate; aperture lunate, but slightly oblique and as high as wide. Type, R. millecostatus. This genus is proposed for a group of tiny Pyramidula-like snails, various members of which have been found in Arizona, Mexico and South America as far south as Patagonia. In the spiral sculpture of the embryonic whorls these shells are like Helicodiscus; in shape and size they resemble Planogyra, but in that the embryonic shell is smooth. There are also some similar Polynesian forms, referred to Charopa, ete. In the Endodontidw, where small differences in the shell characterize extensive series of species, it seems desirable to recognize as of generic value such readily recognizable groups as Radiodiscus. The species are chiefly distinguished by their dimensions and the degree of fineness of the sculpture. There are several undescribed forms in the collection of the Academy. Radiodiscus millecostatus n.sp. Fig. 10. Shell very small, disk-shaped, chestnut-brown, the first whorl bluish- white. Whorls 33, slowly widening, separated by a very deep, chan- nelled suture. The first whorl projects a little, and is microscopically striate spirally, the rest of the whorls are radially very densely costu- late, the riblets nearly straight, delicate and much narrower than 1906.) NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 155 their intervals, and about 21 in number in a millimeter measured at the periphery, in the front of the last whorl. The last whorl is rounded throughout. The umbilicus is widely open, its width contained about three times in the diameter of the shell. The aperture is slightly oblique and deeply lunate. Alt. 1.1, diam. 2 mm.; diam. of umbilicus .6 to .7 mm. Huachuca mountains, Cochise county, Arizona, (J. H. Ferriss) ; Carr canyon (Dr. Henry Skinner). Also in the State of Michoacan, Mexico, at Patzcuaro and Morelia (S. N. Rhoads, 1899). \ This tiny Patuloid, of a group new to our fauna, is one of the most interesting recent finds. It is related to R. hermanni (Helix hermanni Pfr.), of central and eastern Mexico, but that species is larger and more coarsely sculptured. The two species occur together at the Mexican localities mentioned above, but are readily separable. Dr. Henry Skinner found one broken specimen of R. millecostatus in Carr canyon, Huachucas. Genus HELICODISCUS Morse. This genus has hitherto been considered to include two species, lineatus (Say) and fimbriatus Wetherby. The accessions of Southwest- ern material show that several other forms must be recognized. The species are not very conspicuously differentiated, and young shells by themselves are not always readily placed; yet with adults we find no difficulty. The salient characters of the forms follow: a.—Diam. of shell 3 to 3.5 mm., whorls 4 to 44; teeth almost always present. Eastern United States, . . . H. parallelus (Say). a'.—Diam. of shell 4.5 to 5 mm., whorls 44 to 54; often deficient in teeth. b.—Spiral striz obsolete. Idaho. . . H.salmonensis (Hemph.). 156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, b!.—Spiral strie well developed, subequal; last whorl not deflexed at aperture. e.—Umbilicus very wide; last whorl narrow, aperture very small. Arizona and New Mexico, H. e. arizonensis n. subsp. c'—Umbilicus smaller, more cup-shaped, last whorl wider. Mexasy ee) eee vergen manners: : b’.—Spirals coarse, some of them more conspicuous, with a cutic- ular fringe; last whorl in fully adult shells abruptly deflexed in front. East Tennessee, North Georgia, H. fimbriatus Weth. Helicodisous parallelus (Say). Pl. VIII, figs. 7, 8, 9, 10. Helix lineata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, p. 18 (1817); Il, p. 373. Not Helix lineata Olivi, Zool. Adriatico, p. 177 (1792). Planorbis arallellus Say, Journ. A. N.S. Phila., I], p. 164, (1821), corrected to parallellus in the Index, p. 407. (Upper Missouri.) Helicodiscus lineatus Morse, Journ. Portland Soc., I, p. 25, figs. 61, 62, pl. 2, fig. 3; pl. 7, fig. 63 (1864). Binney, Man. Amer. Land Shells, p. 75. This common species has been well described by Binney and others. It has ordinarily four whorls, but there may be as many as 44 in excep- tionally large shells. At least one pair of tubercular teeth may be seen in most specimens. Shells of maximum size measure: Alt. 1.3, diam. 3.5mm. (Grand Rapids, Mich.) Alt. 1.25, diam. 3mm. (Philadelphia.) The typical form of H. parallelus is before me from localities in Ontario, Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Florida, Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Indian Territory. I have not seen Texan specimens of typical lineatus, but it doubtless occurs in northern and eastern parts of the State. In New Mexico, at Pecos, Las Vegas, Mesilla, Sandia mountains and other places, and in the Pecos river canyon near its mouth, Val Verde county, Texas, there is a form of H. parallelus with rather weak, sparse spirals, the intervals more distinctly striate radially than in typical parallelus. This seems to be a form of the southeastern Rocky moun- tains and southward to the Rio Grande, occupying territory between the ranges of H. eigenmanni and H. arizonensis, with some overlapping on the territory of the latter. Say’s first name, Helix lineata, was preoccupied, but his Planorbis parallelus applies to the same species. In the text of the Journal the first letter of the name did not print up, but the space in place of it shows that it had been there, and the p is correctly supplied in the index. The type used in that volume of the Journal was old and full 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 157 of “‘bad letters.’’ All authorities agree that such obvious typograph- ical errors should be corrected. Helicodiscus eigenmanni Pils. Pl. VIII, figs 1, 2, 3. Nautilus, XIV, p. 41. August, 1900 (Beaver cave, near San Marcos, Texas). This fine species is easily recognized by its large size, the shell in all stages of growth being very much more robust than H. parallelus. It is sculptured with numerous spiral threads as in H. parallelus, and when fresh is pale yellow. Alt. 2, diam. 5 mm., with 54 whorls. We took specimens in the drift débris of Sinking creek at San Mar- cos, Hays county; on the Guadalupe river above New Braunfels, Comal county; on the Hondo river, Medina county, and in the drift of Devil’s river, Val Verde county; Alpine, Brewster county. I have seen specimens also from Calhoun county (Hubbard), Lee county (Singley), and Navidad river bottom, Jackson county (J. D. Mitchell). It has not been reported from any place out of Texas, and seems to have about the same distribution as Holospira goldfussi. Helicodisous eigenmanni arizonensis u.subsp. PI. VIII, figs. 4, 5, 6. Shell larger than H. parallelus with 44 to nearly 54 whorls, the spire flat or convex, the umbilicus wider than in parallelus or eigenmannt. Surface closely and strongly lirulate spirally. Aperture oblique, lunate, very small. Alt. 2, diam. 5 mm., whorls 54. (Fort Bowie.) Alt. 1.5, diam. 4.6 mm., whorls 44. (Cave creek canyon.) Arizona: Fort Bowie (type locality); Bear Park and Cave creek canyon, Chiricahua mountains; Huachuca mountains (Ferriss); Santa Rita mountains (Ashmun). New Mexico: Florida mountains, Grant county (Ferriss); Bland, Sandoval county (Ashmun);débris of Arroyo Pecos at Las Vegas (Ck11.). Readily distinguished from H. parallelus when mature by the greater size, with wider umbilicus, more whorls and proportionately smaller mouth. Some specimens are two-toothed. H. eigenmanni has a smaller umbilicus, whorls of markedly greater calibre and a larger aperture. Helicodiscus salmonensis (Hemphill). Helicodiscus fimbriatus Wetherby (salmonacca Hemphill), W. G. Binney, Third Supplement to Terr. Moll., V, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XIX, No. 4, p- 189 (May, 1890). Helicodiscus fimbriatus var. salmonensis Hemphill, in Binney, t. c., p. 220 (May, 1890). Helicodiscus fimbriatus Wetherby, var. salmonaceus Hemphill, Binney, Fourth Supplement, Bull. Mus..Comp. Zool., XXII, No. 4, p. 177, pl. 3, fig. 8. Distinguished by the absence of spiral strize, according to Hemphill. 158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, I have not seen specimens. Mr. Binney in his first note considers the Salmon river form identical with what Mr. Simpson reported as H. fimbriatus from Indian Territory, and gives no separate or definite description of it, though he mentions that Hemphill had given the (MSS.) name ‘‘salmonacea.’’ The figure of one of the original speci- mens, given in Binney’s Fourth Supplement, represents a shell with wide umbilicus and small aperture, like H. arizonensis, from which it differs, according to published information, by the smoother surface, arizonensis being constantly very well sculptured. Punctum pygmeum (Drap.). San Marcos, Hays county; Comal county; Hondo river, Medina county; Devil’s river, Val Verde county. The form in this region is slightly larger than northeastern speci- mens, and is more strongly sculptured. There are barely four whorls, the first 14 smooth, the next striate; the last two whorls have striz at regular intervals much larger, with about six fine strize in each space, and the basal spirals are very distinct. This sculpture reminds one of the west coast forms, conspectum, pasadene and californicum, which however are decidedly larger and coarser shells of a dark brown color. SUCCINEIDA. Succinea luteola Gid. Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., II, p. 37, June, 1848 (Texas); Terr. Moll., II, p. 75, pl. 67e, fig. 1. (Florida; Texas, especially Galveston.) Bin- ney, Terr. Moll., V, p. 419; Man. Amer. Land Shells, p. 441. Succinea texasiana Pfr., Monogr., II, 526; Roemer’s Texas, p. 456, 1849 (Galveston). Succinea lutescens Sowerby, Conchologia Iconica, XVIII, pl. 10, fig. 67 a, b, 1872 (Texas). We took specimens in Texas along the Guadalupe river above New Braunfels, Comal county; San Antonio, Bexar county; near Hondo river about two miles north of Hondo, Medina county, and in Val Verde county at Del Rio, high land west of Devil’s river, and in the canyon of the Pecos near the High Bridge. In Gould’s original description the only locality given was Texas. In the Terrestrial Mollusks he states ‘‘found in Florida, and more abundantly in Texas, especially in the region of Galveston.’’ Speci- mens collected at Galveston by the author in 1885 agree perfectly with Gould’s figures, and that place may be taken to be the type locality. I have seen no Florida shells which I would refer with cer- tainty to luteola, though S. floridana is closely related. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 159 Succinea concordialis Gld. Figs. 11, 12. Gould, in Terr. Moll. U. S., II, p. 82 (Lake Concordia). Moll. U. S., V, p. 419; Man. Amer. Land Shells, p. 441. Succinea forsheyt Lea, Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1864, p. 109; Obs. Gen. Unio XI, 134 (Rutersville, Texas). Succinea haleana Lea, Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1864, p. 109 (Alexandria, La.). Succinea halei Lea, Obs., XI, 136 (n. n. for S. haleana). Binney, Terr. ~ Distribution, Gulf States from Florida to the Rio Grande, on mud or herbage near the water’s edge. Common from Louisiana west- ward, probably rare and local eastward. The type locality, Lake Concordia, is not in Texas, as Gould and Binney supposed, but in Louisiana. The lake is an abandoned ox- bow of the Mississippi river, opposite Naches, Mississippi. Some of Lea’s original lot of S. halei (haleana) before me show that to be merely the young of concordialis. S. forsheyi Lea, of which two cotypes are in the Philadelphia collection, is surely identical with concordialis. An adequate knowledge of the distribution of S. concordialis east- ward awaits further exploration of the Gulf coastal peneplain, which in Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and Florida has been very imper- fectly examined for land mollusks. I have not seen S. wilsoni Lea, described from Darien, Ga., the figure of which looks a good deal like concordialis, though it seems to be less swollen basally. Specimens col- lected by Mr. A. A. Hinkley at Cypress creek, Ala., in 1895 are evi- dently concordialis; and a set of very pale shells, corneous instead of amber-colored, before me from Mayport, Florida, collected by M. A. Mitchell about twenty years ago, seems to agree with concordialis in everything but color. Northward it extends to Frierson (L. S. Frier- son) and Bayou Pierre (George Williamson), in northwestern Louisiana, the specimens from these places being rather small. The species must also extend in a long lobe up the Mississippi and its tributaries, for typical specimens have lately been sent by Mr. A. A. Hinkley from Dubois, Illinois, and by Mr. T. Van Hyning from Des Moines, Iowa. Mr. Van Hyning notes that ‘‘the animal is black with small yellow dots.’’ These Northern shells may be distinguished from S. retusa by their pot-belled figure and reddish apex. In Texas, specimens were taken by us in April at San Marcos, Hays county; New Braunfels, Comal county; San Antonio, Bexar county; along the Rio Grande near and San Filipe river, at Del Rio, and along the Devil’s river, Val Verde county. We have seen it also from Lee county (Singley) and Spring creek, Victoria county (J. D. Mitchell). It lives on the moist earth immediately adjacent to the water’s edge, and where found is usually abundant. It is a thin shell, rather 160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {March, deeply amber-colored, with the apical whorls darker, reddish-orange. Whorls 34, the last deeply descending, somewhat flattened above, very convex basally, having thus a more sack-like contour than S. retusa; this being its chief peculiarity. The sculpture consists of rather coarse wrinkles and often some indistinct spiral impressions on the last whorl. The aperture is symmetrically ovate, the columella con- cave throughout, with a delicate fold above. Large specimens from San Marcos measure: Length 16.8, diam. 9, length of aperture 11.5, width 6.7 mm. Length 16, diam. 8, length of aperture 10.5, width 6 mm. The mantle is intensely black, dappled throughout in the last whorl with rounded yellowish spots. Those above the kidney are brighter, more conspicuous and usually larger, often more or less confluent. Fig. 11. Towards the edge of the mantle the spots are large and lengthened. The foot including head and eye-stalks is pale grayish-white, speckled with irregular grayish-black spots. The sole is pale yellow. Figs. 11 and 12 were drawn from specimens taken at San Marcos, Texas, near the river. Specimens from the Rio Grande and Devil’s river are of almost as large size; but in some situations it is much smaller, a set from along the San Filipe river at Del Rio measuring, length 12, diam. 6.7, length of aperture 8 mm. Those taken at San Antonio and New Braunfels are also of small size. Such variation in size is apparently not racial, but dependent upon local conditions of the food supply, ete. The color and markings of the mantle are substantially the same in all colonies we found, though there is individual variation in the size of the light spots, figure 12 representing one of the darker individuals. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 161 Succinea grosvenori Lea. Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1864, p. 109 (Santa Rita Valley, Kansas?, and Alex- andria, Louisiana) ; Obs. Gen. Unio, ete., XI, p. 135, pl. 24, fig. 108. S. mooresiana Lea, Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1864, p. 109 (Court House Rock, Platte river, on the California route); Obs., XI, p. 136, pl. 24, fig. 109. S. lineata W. G. Binney, Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1857, p. 19; Man. Amer. Land Shells, p. 174. This species is characterized by its very full, rounded whorls and irregular sculpture, often with traces of spiral lines, though as frequently without them. Having part of the original specimens of the above synonyms before us, we are convinced that the three supposed species cannot be separated, although one would hardly expect the same form to range from the lower Mississippi to and throughout the arid great plains and the mountain region of Colorado and New Mexico. Succinea greerii Tryon, described from Vicksburg, Mississippi, is a little less swollen, with the suture not quite so deep, but it is doubtful whether the slight differences shown by the lot of eight specimens will prove constant. The species belongs to the campestris group. We took a few specimens of S. grosvenori at San Antonio, Texas, with S. concordialis and a large form of S. avara. Succinea avara Say. Texas: San Marcos, Hays county; Comal county; San Antonio, Bexar county; Devil’s river, Val Verde county. Arizona: Benson, Cochise county. AURICULIDA. Caryohium exile H.C. Lea. San Marcos, Hays county; New Braunfels, Comal county; Hondo river, Medina county, and Deyvil’s river, Val Verde county, Texas. Common in drift débris. Carychium exiguum (Say). Drift of Hondo river, Medina county; of Devil’s river, Val Verde county, and of Guadalupe river, Comal county, Texas. LYMN AIDA. Lymnea columella Say. New Braunfels, Comal county, Texas. A single slender specimen. Lymnea desidiosa Say. Texas: San Marcos, Hays county; New Braunfels, Comal county ; San Antonio, Bexar county; Rio San Filipe, Val Verde county. Lymnea humilis Say. Guadalupe river, Comal county, Texas. 11 162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, Lymnea bulimoides cockerelli n. subsp. Figs. 13-17. Shell subglobose, pale yellowish-corneous, composed of 44 convex whorls which are finely striate but without spiral lines or malleation. Spire very short, last whorl and aperture very large. Aperture short- ovate, its length three-fifths to two-thirds that of the shell. Columella broadly expanded, not folded. Umbilicus large. Las Vegas, N. M. Arroyo Pecos. Ogalalla, Neb. Alt. 10 ae § SS On LZ 8 9 mm. Diam. 7.2 6 62 6 6 3G GGie Aperture 6.7 5.3 66 Sp Uy ys) (Gall New Mexico: Las Vegas (type locality, Miss Mary Cooper), and in the charcoal zone of the Pleistocene of Arroyo Pecos (T. D. A. Cockerell) ; near Farmington (George H. Pepper) ; Acama(Dr. E. Palmer). Colorado: Pool southeast of Denver (J. D. Putnam). Nebraska: Ozalalla (C. T. Simpson). Dakota: Lake Hermann (P. C. Truman). This form differs from ZL. bulimoides and L. techella by its more glo- bose shape and shorter spire, and so far as we have seen is readily separ- able from both. Figs. 13-15 represent the types from Las Vegas; 16, 17 are larger shells from Farmington, sent by Mr. George H. Clapp. L. bulimoides sonomaensis Hemphill, from Sonoma county, California, approaches cockerelli, but differs by the more rapidly expanding last 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 163 whorl, narrower flat columella and narrower umbilicus, which is like that of typical bulimoides. A specimen measures, alt. 10, diam. 7.7, aperture 7.2 mm. (figs. 18, 19). Lymnea bulimoides techella (Hald.). Figs. 20-23. Limnea techella Hald., Amer. Journ. of Conch., III, p. 194, pl. 6, fig. 4. (Texas.) Shell obese, with acutely conic spire, of five or six convex whorls; pale yellowish or light brown, finely striate and usually malleated, the flattened facets obliquely descending. Last whorl very ventricose, umbilicus large. Aperture short-ovate, about three-fifths the total length; basal lip expanded, colwmellar lip broadly dilated, without a fold. Umbilicus large. Cotype. San Marcos, Texas. Tempe, Ariz. Length 8 Sion IES aaeels: 14 12.7 12.5 mm. Diam. 5.1 5.1 7.3 7.6 9 7.8 7 - Aperture 4.9 3.1 i) 6.7 isis) / 6:87 In the area under consideration we have seen specimens from the following places: Texas: Fort Worth (Sampson); Royse, Rockwall county (Ragsdale) ; Dallas (E. Hall); Houston (Pilsbry); San Marcos, Hays county (Pilsbry and Ferriss); mouth of Nueces river (Singley). New Mexico: Albuquerque, and McCarty, Valencia county (Ash- mun); Rio Grande at Mesilla (Cockerell). Arizona: Salt river at Tempe (Ashmun). Other records could probably be supplied from the literature, but it seems usually to have been referred to as L. bulimoides. Figs. 20-22 represent specimens from San Marcos, Hays county, Texas; fig. 23 is a more malleate shell from Salt river, Tempe, Arizona. 164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [March, The young of one season have a comparatively shorter spire than old shells, the rate of descent of the suture progressively increasing somewhat. As usual, there are only traces of malleation at this stage. The erosion of the apices in all but one of the type lot (as mentioned by Haldeman) makes them shorter than they would otherwise be, giving much the appearance of L. b. cockerelli. Abundant series from Houston and San Marcos collected by Pilsbry, with others from various naturalists, demonstrate the identity of Haldeman’s shells with the larger-spired adult form figured above. JL. techella was formerly con- sidered by one of us to be a synonym or race of L. cubensis Pfr., and L. bulimoides was treated as a variety of the same species, They are cer- tainly very similar, but cubensis has a more triangular and less broadly developed columellar expansion; and in view of the way Lymnea is being split up into species and races, it may be best to retain the several forms as distinct species or races until the subject can be taken up with ample material and time for the study of Antillean and Mexican forms together with our own. Planorbis trivolvis Say. _ Specimens referable to typical P. trivolvis were taken in Comal county, and at Del Rio, Devil’s river and the Pecos river, Val Verde county, Texas. Planorbis bicarinatus Say. Guadalupe river, Comal county, Texas; abundant and typical. Planorbis carus n-sp. Pl. IX, figs. 4, 5. Shell discoidal, biconcave, the spiral on the left side slightly more sunken and narrower than on the right. Whorls 34, convex, the last round peripherally and on both sides, curving more abruptly into the concavity on the left side. Sculpture of close, very regular obliquely radial rounded strie separated by slightly narrower deep grooves. Pale brown incolor. Aperture but slightly oblique, heart-shaped, peristome thin, acute, a trifle dilated at its insertions. Diam. 3.3, alt. (thickness) 1 mm. *«Sinking Spring’’ near San Marcos, Hays county, Texas; Guada- lupe river about four miles above New Braunfels, Comal county. Rio San Filipe and Devil’s river, and canyon of the Pecos river about a mile above the High Bridge, Val Verde county; everywhere in drift débris. Types from the last locality. This little Planorbis is very distinct by its beautiful sculpture, con- stant in numerous specimens from five rivers in central and western Texas. It is much more abundant in the Rio Grande drainage than _ 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 165 in Hays and Comal counties. It is about the size of P. parvus, but the aperture is less oblique and the sculpture differs. It was found with parvus in Comal county and in the Pecos canyon. Planorbis filocinctus n.sp. Pl. IX, figs. 1, 2, 3. Shell very small, biconcave, the spiral narrower and more deeply sunken on the left than on the right side. Whorls about 2, the last broadly rounded peripherally, rounded also on both sides, but less convex on the right than on the left side. Sculpture of inconspicuous growth-lines and numerous thread-like spiral strie. Color of bleached specimens white or faintly yellowish. Aperture oblique, heart-shaped, about as long as wide, excised moderately by the preceding whorl. Greatest diam. of the disk 2.4, alt. (thickness) nearly 1 mm. San Pedro river, Benson, Arizona, in drift débris. Types collected by J. H. Ferriss, 1904. This little species may be at once recognized by its spiral striation, which is far stronger than in any other North American species. It is flattened less than P. parvus. Only five specimens were taken, but it is so unlike other known Mexican or United States Planorbes that there seems no doubt of its specifie distinctness. Planorbis parvus Say. Guadalupe river about four miles above New Braunfels, Comal county; Devil’s river, Val Verde county, Texas. San Pedro river, Benson, Arizona. Planorbis cultratus Orb. Pilsbry, Nautilus, ITI, p. 63, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2, 3. This species is thin and delicate, very acutely carinate at the periphery which is close to the left side. In 1889 one of us reported it from Hidalgo, Texas, where it was taken by Mr. Singley. In 1903 we took a single young shell in the drift débris of Devil’s river, Val Verde county. The young have a much less acute keel, in fact are angular rather than carinate, and they are less compressed in proportion. P. cultratus is found also in Florida (collected at Miami by 8. N. Rhoads), Central America and the West Indies. Few of the specimens thus far known from Texas are fully mature or in good condition. Planorbis liebmanni Dkr. Canal at New Orleans, Louisiana (H. Hemphill!). In Texas at Waco (Hemphill), Austin (EH. Hall), San Marcos, New Braunfels, Hondo river, Del Rio, Devil’s river and Pecos river (Ferriss and Pilsbry) ; also in the southeastern part of the state in Victoria county (J. D. Mitchell) and near Brownsville, Cameron county (Clapp). Also in Mexico. 166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF (March, Well-grown specimens have a diameter of 9 to 10 mm., with about 5 whorls. Segmentina obstructa (Morel.). Except for the teeth, this species is not distinguishable from Plan- orbis liebmanni Dkr. It does not, however, attain quite so large a size, the largest we have seen measuring slightly less than 9 mm. diameter. The teeth are found in very young shells also; but never more than one set is present at any stage of growth, so far as seen. Specimens are before us from the following places, all in Texas: Austin (E. Hall); San Marcos, Hays county; New Braunfels, Comal county; Hondo river north of Hondo, Medina county (Pilsbry and Ferriss) ; Brownsville, Cameron county (sent by G. H. Clapp); Hidalgo, Hidalgo county (Singley); Rio San Filipe, Devil’s river and Pecos river, Val Verde county (Ferriss and Pilsbry). It has also a wide range in Mexico. The genus Segmentina.was based upon the European species S. nitida Mill. This is a very glossy, flattened shell with acutely angular periphery, simple thin lip, deeply embracing whorls, and barriers com- posed of three laminz (parietal, basal and upper) transverse to the whorl, leaving a narrow, three-branched space between them. In eastern Asia a modification of this type is found in such species as S. largillierti (Phil.), forming the subgenus Polypylis Pils. The shell is less compressed and not carinate, but glossy with deeply clasping whorls. The parietal lamina is obliquely transverse, the others transverse, basal long, a shorter one in the outer wall, and one or two in the upper margin. There are several or many barriers. The American forms, subgenus Planorbula Hald., have less smooth and much less compressed shells, the whorls only slightly clasping, often angular or subangular on the right side but rounded peripherally. There are six lamin: a sigmoid, obliquely entering parietal with a small tubercular denticle near its lower or left end; a transverse basal; an obliquely entering outer lamina with a transverse one above it, and a small entering lamina in the upper margin. In S. armigera the entering lamella in the outer margin curves up- ward slightly at its inner end. In S. wheatleyi all of the lamine are much more strongly developed, and the entering outer one is much longer, running up in a long curve behind the transverse lamina above it. The structures are, however, fundamentally identical in the two species. In the Antillean and Mexican group to which S. obstructa belongs 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 167 the whorls are rounded, the panetal lamine are as in Planorbula ex- cept that the larger one stands more obliquely, the basal lamina i transverse, but all the rest on the outer wall are entering plice, the larger lower one curving downward a little at its inner end, not upward as in armagera and wheatleyi. As in all American forms of the genus only one set of laminz seems to be present in any individual, though the earliest set is formed at a very early age. In the European and Asiatic species several sets are usually present. PLEUROCERATIDA. Goniobasis comalensis Pilsbry. Figs. 24-28. Melania ruja Lea?, Romer, Texas, p. 457 (‘‘In den Quellen des Comal- Spring bei New Braunfels sehr haufig’’). Melania pleuristriata Say, A. G. Weatherby [Wetherby]. American Naturalist, April, 1878, p. 254, with var. marmocki (springs of southwestern Texas). Goniobasis comalensis Pils., Nautilus, IV, p. 49, Sept., 1890 (Comal creek, New Braunfels). G. pleuristriata Say and G. comalensis Pils., Singic;, Contrib. Nat. Hist. Texas, Geol. Surv. Tex. Ann. Rep., 1892, pp. 311, 312. Shell conic-turrite, thin but strong, covered with an olive-brown cuticle. Whorls of the spire with a distinct keel which projects a short distance above the suture, and is usually wanting on the last two Fig. 27. whorls; the whole surface showing fine sigmoid growth-strix, and in the best specimens very faint, minute, spiral strize. Aperture ovate, the outer lip thin, sigmoid, retracted below the upper insertion; basal lip rounded or subangular. -Columella arcuate, somewhat thickened. Whorls about 7 in the most perfect shells, but usually fewer, the upper ones being eroded. Length 18, diam. 7.3, aperture 7.5 mm. Comal creek at New Braunfels, Comal county, Texas. Also in the 168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF * [March Guadalupe river 6 to 4 miles to the north; San Marcos river at San Marcos, Hays county, on the dam above the fish hatchery (Pilsbry and Ferriss; Singley) ; a variety from Bexar county (A. G. Wetherby). This form differs from Melania pluristriata Say (M. rubida Lea) of central Mexico, by its far smaller size and less ample aperture. The type of pluristriata measured 1.25 x .55 inches; of rubida 1.30 x .57 inches; and the specimens from Lake Chapala examined by Dr. von Martens from 26 x 12 to 35 x 13 mm., while no Texan shell we have seen, in many hundreds examined, reaches 1 inch long. Von Martens refers the Mexican species to Pachycheilus. Dr. William H. Dall, to whom we submitted specimens of G. comalensis for comparison with the type of M.rubida Lea, writes that ‘‘though the general form is the same, the rubida 1s very much larger and perfectly distinct.’’ The examples figured are from Comal creek, New Braunfels, near the mill. The ascertained distribution of G. comalensis comprises only the short rivers of a single small system emptying into Espirito Santo Bay, intercalated between the Colorado and Nueces basins, and comprising the Guadalupe and San Antonio rivers and their tributaries. The Goniobases are known from these streams only at the edge of the ‘‘Edwards Plateau.’’ As they live on rocks, ete., in swift water, it is not likely that they approach much nearer to the Gulf. In the Fig. 29. Fig. 30. Fig. 31. Colorado river, where Pilsbry collected in 1885, nothing was seen of the species, nor has it been reported from the Nueces or its branches. We saw no sign of Goniobasis in the tributaries of the Rio Grande, where our collecting was extensive enough to have found it if it existed.” The operculum (fig. 29) consists of about four whorls, the nucleus being situated at about the lower third of its length. It is closely 2 Tn the collection of the Academy there are several specimens labelled ‘‘ Dal- las county,’’ received from Mr. J. A. Singley. This is in the Trinity river drainage, but Singley in his catalogue of 1893, issued long after these specimens were placed in the collection, expressly states that he found the species nowhere but in Comal and Hays counties. There was probably some error in labelling the specimens. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 169 marked with growth-wrinkles, and shows some strie at right angles to them. The radula (fig. 30) is normal for Goniobasis. The central tooth has 4, 1, 4 denticles, the inner lateral 2, 1, 4, inner uncinus 7, outer about 20 denticles. An inner uncinus in profile is drawn on the ex- treme right side (fig. 31), to show the length of the denticles, which are foreshortened in fig. 30. G. comalensis is dimorphic, like G. virginica and many other species. At New Braunfels the smooth form described as typical predominates, but there are also some individuals with numerous acute spiral ridges, about fifteen on the last whorl, but often fewer by suppression of those just below the periphery. At San Marcos only the smooth phase was found, in several hundred specimens taken. A series of 12 labelled ‘‘Bexar county,’’ received from A. G. Wetherby, consists wholly of multistriate shells, which moreover, although collected alive, are of a whitish or livid whitish tint, in this respect approaching the Mexican pluristriatus. The largest of this lot is 23.5 mm. long, 9.3 wide. exceeding in size any seen from Comal or Hays counties. These are part of the lot collected by Mr. G. W. Marmock, of Bexar county, and commented on by Wetherby in the American Naturalist for 1878. The ‘‘variety marmocki’’ mentioned by him, but without a word of definition, may have been the smooth form of the species, but there is nothing to indicate this either in Wetherby’s note or the set of shells he sent to Tryon. ? Form fontinalis, nov. Figs. 22-35. In a small spring in the pleasure garden near New Braunfels, one of the fountains of Comal creek, we found only very small shells, the largest 7 to 8.3 mm. long, 4.3 to 4.7 mm. wide, and of a markedly short, conic shape. The old ones are much eroded, and none are of the multi- striate phase. This race inhabits only the springs and the rapid streams from them for a short distance down. In another, much larger spring, and the stream from it for about fifty yards down, the shells are also dwarfs, though somewhat larger than those from the smaller spring. These springs flow out of the limestone rock, the water being beauti- fully clear. It is not cold, being perceptibly warmer than the river at the time of our visit, about the middle of April. There is very little vegetation upon the rocks, and the small size of the snails may be due 8 Mr. Wetherby also mentions that ‘‘ Helix photus Pfr.’’ was collected by Mr. Marmock. This name may be an error for H. tholus W.G. B 170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Mazch, Fig 33. Fig. 34. Fig. 35. to insufficient food supply. Individuals are, however, very numerous. Associated with them are numerous Physas, also of pygmy proportions, though evidently adult. The snails of these springs evidently consti- tute physiologic rather than morphologic varieties. AMNICOLIDA5 Paludestrina seemanni (Fiid.). New Mexico: South Spring creek, near Roswell, in a Pleistocene deposit (Cockerell and Tinsley, 1899). Texas: Drift débris of Pecos river, about a mile above the High Bridge, Val Verde county (Pilsbry and Ferriss, 1903). Dr. R. E. C. Stearns has recorded this species from Death valley, Inyo county, California. The specimens, some of which are before me, are somewhat more robust than those from New Mexico and Texas. The above records largely increase the eastward range of the species. Paludestrina diaboli n.sp. Fig. 36. Shell very slender, turrite, shaped about like P. seemanni; composed of 44 very convex whorls separated by a deep suture. Surface smooth. Aperture vertical, oval, a trifle nar- rower above than below, but not angular there. Peris- tome continuous, barely in contact with the preceding whorl for a short distance near the upper end. Umbili- cus small but distinct. Length 1.3, diam. .62 mm. Drift débris of the Devil’s river, about four miles from its mouth, Val Verde county, Texas. A single shell was also found on the Rio San Filipe near Del Rio, in the same county. The shells were all taken dead and bleached. It is readily separable from P. seemanni by its diminutive size. This is the smallest species of its family known from North America. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 171 Amnicola comalensis n.sp. Fig. 37. Shell distinctly perforate, ovate, thin, corneous, faintly marked with growth-lines. Spire regularly conic, the apex obtuse. Whorls 43, regularly con- vex, not shouldered, the suture well im- pressed. Aperture ovate, subangular above, the peristome adnate for a short distance above the perforation. Length 3.9, diam. 2, length of aperture 1.3 mm. Comal creek, near New Braunfels, Comal county, Texas. Also from the Guadalupe river about four miles aboye New Braunfels. This species is much smaller than A. limosa, decisa, or other forms resembling it in color and shape. A. cincinnatiensis Anth. and the very closely related A. peracuta P. and W. both have more shouldered whorls, and are much larger than A. comalensis. Cochliopa riograndensis n. sp. PI. IX, figs. 10, 11, 12, 13. Shell of the usual depressed-turbinate shape, openly umbilicate, of a slightly olivaceous corneous tint. Surface faintly marked with erowth-lines, and sculptured with unequal spiral threads, a few of the larger ones dark colored. One thread at the shoulder is usually the most prominent. In some shells the spirals are very weak, hardly perceptible. Whorls 33, moderately convex, flattened and sloping below the suture, elsewhere rounded. Aperture quite oblique, rotundly ovate, the peristome thin, equably arched except near the outer and columellar insertions where it is noticeably straightened. The ends are connected across the parietal wall by a thin or thick callus. The columella is not noticeably thickened. Alt. 2, diam. 2.8 mm. Alt. 1.65, diam. 2.65 mm. Found in drift débris of Rio San Filipe near the Rio Grande, Val Verde county, Texas, thirty-six specimens. Pilsbry and Ferriss, 1903. Types, 91,324, A.N.S. Phila. A single shell was also picked out of similar débris on the Devil’s river, about four miles from the Rio Grande, in the same county. This discovery of this form adds a new genus to the fauna of the United States and greatly extends the distribution of the group, the 172 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF -{March, other species being Central American.* The shell has much the ap- pearance of Valvata, but is readily distinguished from that by its ovate, not circular aperture, which is more or less conspicuously angular above, and by having the whorls more compactly coiled. It should, however, be said that we could not verify the generic reference of C. riograndensis by examination of the operculum or radula, as unfor- tunately none of the shells we obtained were living, though some were fresh in appearance, and the operculum was not found. It consists of few whorls in Cochliopa, as in Amnicola, while that of Valvata is many-whorled with central nucleus. C. riograndensis is not closely related to any of the known species, being of lighter texture, much more openly umbilicate, and with some- what different sculpture. VALVATIDA. Valvata micra n.sp. Pl. IX, figs. 7, 8, 9. Shell excessively small, composed of 24 tubular whorls; spire nearly flat; the last whorl is nearly round, barely or not quite in contact with the preceding at the aperture, near which it enlarges more rapidly. Suture deep. Surface finely, weakly striate. Aperture moderately oblique, subcireular, the peristome simple, continuous. Umbilicus ample but rapidly narrowing within. Alt. .48, diam. 1.15 to 1.2 mm. Drift débris of Guadalupe river about four miles above New Braun- fels, collected by Pilsbry and Ferriss, 1903. This is one of the smallest mollusks known, yet the dilation of the ™ Prof. von Martens defines four species of Cochliopa in the Biologia Centrali A mericana—quatemalensis Morel., tryoniana Pils., trochulus and infundibulum Marts. (pp. 428, 429). He omits C. rowelli Tryon, which was originally described from Clear Lake, California. Rev. J. Rowell, who found the original specimens, now states (7m litt.) that ‘‘Cochlicopa Rowellii was named from shells collected by me near Baulinas Bay (not Clear Lake), Marin county, California.’” There are authentic specimens from Central America in the collection of the Academy, so that I still doubt whether the species really was actually collected in Cali- fornia. Prof. yon Martens surmises that C. guatemalensis (Morel.), which he had not seen, may not be different specifically from C. tryoniana; but it is in fact not even closely related to that species, being very much smaller, more depressed, and evenly sculptured with threadlike spirals. The suture descends shortly in front in fully mature shells. An additional locality is Polvon, in western Nicara- gua (McNiel in coll. A. N.S. Phila.). I have examined the radula of C. quate- malensis which proves to be Amnicoloid, and demonstrates the species to be a Cochliopa, not a Valvata as Morelet supposed. The central tooth has the formula the inner lateral has 6 denticles, the third from the inside being largest, and its body has the usual boss or projection below. The inner uncinus has 13, the outer very many excessively minute denticles. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 173 whorl at the aperture shows it to be adult. Five specimens were taken. The shells are all more or less bleached, the freshest being of a pale corneous tint. The round whorls, deep suture and general appear- ance are quite unlike any Planorbis or Vallonia, and indicate, we think, either that it is a Valvata or an Amnicoloid snail comparable to Horatia Bet. or Daudebardiella Bttg. in the Palearctic fauna. Until fresh specimens with the soft parts or operculum are found, the position of this mollusean atom will remain uncertain. Valvata micra nugax (pl. IX, fig. 6), a slightly larger form, alt. .9 diam. 1.5 mm., with three whorls and a projecting spire, may prove to be a distinct species; but for the present, until more specimens are found, it may be placed under V. micra as a variety or form. CYRENIDA. Nautilus, XI, 1898, p. 112 (type loc. Guadalupe river, Comal county, Texas). Drift débris of Guadalupe river about four miles above New Braun- fels, and of Devil’s river, Val Verde county, Texas. A closely related form was found near Del Rio. Pisidium singleyi Sterki. Pisidium compressum Prime. New Braunfels, Comal county, Texas. Mr. J. A. Singley found P. trapezoideum Sterki at the same place (coll. A. N.S. Phila. No. 60,127). Pisidium abditum huachucanum n. subsp. The shell is quite inflated, dark brownish-olive, irregularly striate and marked with several conspicuous dark growth-arrest streaks; very inequilateral, the beaks low and near the anterior end. Anterior end abruptly truncate, posterior end produced and rounded. Hinge rather narrow, the lateral teeth in the right valve single, short and high, triangular; in the left double. Length 5.1, alt. 4.3, diam. 3.4 mm. Stream in Carr canyon, Reef, Cochise county, Arizona, collected by C. R. Biedermann, February 8, 1904. Specimens were submitted to Dr. V. Sterki, who could not identify the form with any known species. About half of the shells are more compressed than those described as typical, one measuring, length 4.1, alt. 3.4,diam.2 mm. The very inequilateral, anteriorly truncate out- line and low beaks are characteristic of both the obese and com- pressed forms. Eupera singleyi (Pils.). Spherium (Limosina) singleyi Pils., Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1889, p. 88, pl. 3, figs. 14, 15 (May 14, 1889). ? Cyclas maculata Morelet, 1859, not of Anton, 1839 =Spheriwm yacatunense Fischer and Crosse, Miss. Sci. Mex., Moll., II, p. 653 (1894). This species is now known to us by specimens from the following 174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {March, places, all in Texas: White Oak bayou, Houston (Singley); Cedar creek, Hudson county (G. C. Heron, type locality); Lavaca river, Jackson county (J. D. Mitchell); New Braunfels, Comal county (Sing- ley, Ferriss and Pilsbry) ; Guadalupe river about four miles above New Braunfels (Singley, Ferriss and Pilsbry); Devil’s river, Val Verde county (Ferriss and Pilsbry). It is a prettily maculate little clam, widely distributed in Texan waters. The largest shell I have seen measures 6 mm. long. It may prove to be specifically identical with 2. maculata Morelet of Yucatan, but that name is preoccupied by Anton for another species of the same group. Both were described as Cyclas and belong to Eupera. For this reason Crosse and Fischer proposed to substitute the name yuca- tanense; but five years previously I had described and figured S. sing- leyi. The latter name will therefore stand. UNIONID&. A list of species taken by us in Arkansas, Indian Territory and Texas will be published elsewhere. As our work in these States was done in the early spring, we found most of the streams too high for effective collecting of bivalves. EXPLANATION OF Puates V-IX. Pirate V.—Figs. 1, 2, 3—Polygyra mooreana tholus (W. G. B.). Washington county, Texas. No. 251, A. N.S. Phila. Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7—Polygyra mooreana (W. G. B.). Guadalupe river, Comal county, Texas. No. 91,364. Figs. 8, 9, 10—Hondo river near Hondo, Texas. No. 91,361. Figs. 11, 12.—Polygyra texasiana texensis Pils. Types. Colorado City, Texas. No. 83,258. Figs. 13, 14, 15.—Polygyra texasiana hyperolia Pils. and Ferr. West of Devil’s river, Texas. No. 91,363. Figs. 16, 17, 20.—Polygyra texasiana (Morie.). Typical. Guadalupe river Comal county, Texas, No. 91,362. Figs. 18, 19.—Polygyra texasiana (Moric.). Race with striate base, Calhoun county, Texas. No. 229, A. N.S. Phila. Puate VI.—Fig. 1—Bulimulus dealbatus mooreanus (W. G. B.). San Antonio, Texas. No. 84,626. Figs. 2, 3, 4.—B. d. mooreanus. Guadalupe river above New Braunfels. No. 84,628. Figs. 5, 6—B. d. mooreanus._ Victoria, Texas. No. 76,210. Figs. 7, 8.—B. d. liquabilis (Rve.). San Marcos, Texas. Nos. 91,396 and 91,397. Figs. 9, 10, 11.—B. d. liquabilis. Jackson county, Texas. No. 76,286. Fig. 12.—B. d. liquabilis. Lee county, Texas. No. 58,379 Fig . eae dealbatus (Say). Type. No. 58,381, A. N. S. Phila. Alabama. 1906.) NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 175 Fig. 14.—Bulimulus d. ozarkensis Pils. and Ferr. Seligman, Missouri. No. 83,132 Fig. 15.—B. d. ozarkensis Pils. and Ferr. Rogers, Arkansas. No. 91,358. Figs. 16, 17.—Bulimulus d. ragsdalei Pils. Types. Montague county, Texas. No. 58,380. Figs. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22.—B. d. ragsdalei. Southwestern herd. West of Devil’s river, Val Verde county, Texas. Nos. 91,356 and 84,638. Figs. 23, 24—B. d. ragsdalet Southwestern herd. Del Rio, Texas. Nos. 87,486 and 91,355. Fig. 25.—Bulimulus d. pasonis Pils. Type. Near El Paso, Texas. No. 83,259. Figs. 26, 27.—Bulimulus d. pecosensis Pils. and Ferr. Near the Pecos river. Nos. 91,359 and 84,618. Puate VII.—Varieties of Bulimulus alternatus marie (Alb.). Figs. 1-7. —Near the High Bridge of the Pecos. No. 84,627, A. N.S. Phila. Figs. 4 and 5 represent young shells. Fig. 8—Near the Rio Grande, east of the Pecos river. No. 84,625. Figs 9, 10 11—Near Rio San Filipe below Del Rio. No. 84,635. Fig. 12.—Near Rio San Filipe below Del Rio. An albino, taken alive. Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16.—Corpus Christi, Texas. No. 60,136. Figs. 17, 18, 19.—Hidalgo, Texas. No. 60,094. Figs. 20-24.—Derby, Frio county, Texas. No. 60,501. Figs. 25-30.—Laredo, Webb county, Texas. No. 60,502. Prats VIII.—Figs. 1, 2, 3.—Helicodiscus eigenmanni Pils. San Marcos, Texas. No. 91,320. Figs. 4, 6.—H. e. arizonensis Pils. and Ferr. Fort Bowie, Cochise county, Arizona. No. 87,077, A. N.S. Phila. Fig. 5.—H. e. arizonensis. A more depressed specimen. Cave Creek Canyon, Chiricahua Mountains No. 87,076. A.S. N. Phila. Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10.—Helicodiscus parallelus (Say). Philadelphia, Pa. No. 78,272, A. N. S. Phila. Piate IX.—Figs. 1, 2, 3—Planorbis filocinctus Pils. and Ferr. Type. Figs. 4, 5.—Planorbis carus Pils. and Ferr. Type. Fig. 6.—Valvata micra nugax Pils. and Ferr. Type. Figs. 7, 8, 9.—Valvata micra Pils. and Ferr. Type. Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13.—Cochliopa riograndensis Pils. and Ferr. Cotypes. 176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF (April, APRIL 3. Mr. ArrHuUR Erwin Brown, Vice-President, in the Chair. Eighty-nine persons present. The reception of a paper entitled ‘“New, Rare and Little-known Scombride, No. 3,’’ by Henry W. Fowler (March 22), was reported by the Publication Committee. The death of Dr. Ogden Doremus, a correspondent, March 22, was announced. Dr. E. G. Conkiin made a communication on recent views as to the cause of sex. (No abstract.) APRIL 17. Mr. Frank J. Keeney in the Chair. Seventy persons present. The Publication Committee reported the reception of papers under the following t tles: ‘‘TDeseription of a new Australian Glycymeris,’’ by Henry A. Pilsbry (April 10). ‘«\ Monograph of the Genus Collocalia,’’ by Harry C. Oberholser (April 12). “‘On Hawaiian Species of Sphyradium,’’ by Henry A. Pilsbry and C. M. Cooke, Jr. Mr. Grorce Vaux, JR., exhibited a number of beautiful lantern illustrations before the reading of a paper by WiLLIAM 8. VAUX, JR., giving the results of recent studies of glaciers of the Canadian Rockies and the Selkirks, in continuation of a series of observations extending over a period of eight years. The paper will be published later. Messrs. Ogilsby Paul and Norton Downs, M.D., were elected mem- bers. The following were ordered to be printedg 1906. ] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 177 A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS COLLOCALIA. BY HARRY C. OBERHOLSER. There is perhaps no other group of Swifts that equals in general interest the genus Collocalia. Some of the species build edible nests wholly or partly of saliva which is secreted in large quantities by salivary glands of unusual size; and the gathering and marketing of these nests has in some places and at some times grown to a traffic of considerable importance. Owing to the great similarity of many of the species, and the ob- scurity of the characters separating them, the group is one of the most difficult in the entire family Micropodide. Published descriptions,’ particularly those of the older authors, are often so brief and so lacking in mention of really diagnostic characters that it is hard, sometimes even impossible, to determine with certainty the form intended. For- tunately, perhaps, the sexes, except in a very few cases, are practically identical both in size and coloration. Notwithstanding the fact that some authors have minimized the importance of difference in size, 1 The most important papers on the genus are as follows: Horsrietp, T., and Moorg, F.—Genus Collocalia. A Catalogue of the Birds in the Museum of the Hon, East India Company, I, 1854, pp. 98-106. Bonaparte, C. L.—Note sur les Salanganes et sur leur nids. Comptes Rendus de V Académie des Sciences de Paris, XLI, 1855, pp. 976-979. Bernstein, H. A.—Beitriige zur niheren Kenntniss der Gattung Collocalia Gr. * Nova Acta Academiae Leopoldinae Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum, X XVI, 1, 1857, pp. 13-32. Bernstein, H. A.—Ueber die Nester der Salanganen. Journal fiir Ornithologie, 1859, pp. 111-119. WALLAcE, A. R.—On the Identification of the Hirundo esculenta of Linnzeus, with a Synopsis of the Described Species of Collocalia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1863, pp. 382-385. Gray, G. R.—A Synopsis of the Species ‘of the Genus Collocalia, with Descriptions of New Species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, XVII, 1866, pp. 118-128. Satvapori, T.—Osservazioni intorno ad alcune Specie del Genere Collocalia, G. R. Gr. Atti della R. Accademia. della Scienze di Torino, XV, 1879, pp. 343-350. Hartert, E.—Colloealia. Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum, XVI, 1892, pp. 496-511. Hartert, E.—Gen. Collocalia G. R. Gray. Das Tierreich, 1, 1897, pp. 66-70. 12 178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [April, this is often one of the very best and most appreciable distinctions between both species and subspecies. One of the most surprising as well as interesting developments of our study has been the discovery of so many undescribed members of the genus, among which two entirely distinct species with wholly brownish lores like Collocalia leucophaea seem especially notable, as does also one from New Caledonia allied to Collocalia leucopygia. Most of the new forms are here elaborated from material recently col- lected, and upon which no published report has yet been made. Much confusion has hitherto arisen because of failure properly to discriminate those birds which have the tarsus more or less feathered from those in which it is entirely bare. In some cases forms with feathered and others with unfeathered tarsi have been considered sub- specifically related or even identical! The difficulty vanishes, however, if all the birds with any feathering on the tarsus be considered apart from the rest and placed, as they apparently should be, and as they are in the following pages, in a separate subgeneric group. Indeed, it may be best to regard them as even generically distinct, though it is not here so done, because this character of tarsal feathering is the sole one separating the groups, and while very marked in such forms as Col- localia innominata, it is but slight, sometimes difficult to appreciate, therefore in a sense intermediate, in Collocalia fuciphaga and its allies; and because if there be any logical difference between a genus and a subgenus, the criterion of practical intergradation of characters through intermediate species should be so considered. The proper generic name for the whole group seems to be Collocalia —the one of current usage. The name Salangana St.-Hilaire has been recently substituted * because supposedly of earlier date, but Salangana now proves first to have been employed simply in a vernacular sense,’ and to be citable as a generic term only from a later article * which is posterior to the work containing Collocalia Gray. There are no other synonyms. The material used in the preparation of the present memoir aggre- gates 159 specimens, principally of recent collection, and represents very nearly all the recognized forms. It is in large part that of the United States National Museum, which is now, through the many donations from Dr. W. L. Abbott, of considerable extent and includes good series of many of the species. This has been supplemented by 2 Richmond, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXV, 1902, p. 301. 3 ««Salanganes,’’ Saint-Hilaire, l’Echo du Monde Savant, IV, 1837, p. 84. 4 Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 145. List Gen. Birds, 1840, p. 8. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 179 the birds obtained by Mr. Charles H. Townsend during the Pacific cruise of the United States Fish Commission steamer ‘‘ Albatross,’’ in 1899-1900, and by specimens from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the American Museum of Natural History, and the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum at Honolulu. To the authorities of these institutions, to Mr. Townsend, Dr. Charles W. Richmond, and Mr. Witmer Stone the writer’s thanks are due for the courtesies which have made this paper possible. Genus COLLOCALIA Gray. Collocalia Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1840, p. 8 (type, Hirundo esculenta Linnzus). Salangana Lesson, Rey. Zool., 1840, p. 145 (type, Hirundo esculenta Linnzus). Chars. gen.—Small and mostly rather plainly colored Swifts; outer and middle toes with normal number of phalanges; tarsus not at all or but sparsely feathered, and not shorter than the middle toe; wings long, reaching when closed far beyond end of the tail; tail short, nearly Square to somewhat deeply emarginate, the shafts of the rectrices without spiny tips. Type.—Hirundo esculenta Linneus. Geographical range.—India and Ceylon, south to the Seychelles Islands, east through the Malay Peninsula, the East India Islands, and Polynesia, to the Philippine, Mariana, Marquesas, Society and Tonga groups, and northern Australia. Ky TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF COLLOCALIA. A.—Tarsus more or less feathered (subgenus Aerodramus). a.—Rump with a conspicuous white or brownish white band. b.—Centre of abdomen brownish gray like the breast; wing more than 120 mm., . . . . Collocalia innominata. b'.—Centre of abdomen white or nearly so; wing less than 120 mm. c.—Upper parts brownish black; throat and breast nearly pure white like the abdomen; posterior lower surface without conspicuous dark shaft lines, Collocalia agnota. c'.—Upper parts dull black, scarcely brownish; throat and breast brownish gray like chin, and much darker than abdomen; posterior lower surface with conspicuous dark shaft lines, . . . . Collocalia leucopygia. a,—Rump without a conspicuous white or brownish white band. b.—Feathers of lores with brownish hases, . Collocalia ocista. b1.—Feathers of lores with pure white bases. c.—Wing not less than 124 mm. d.—Larger; upper surface lighter; lower surface with conspicuous blackish shaft lines, Collocalia lowi. 180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [April, d'.—Smaller; upper surface darker ; lower surface without conspicuous blackish shaft lines, Collocalia brevirostris. c!.—Wing less than 124 mm. d.—Larger (wing about 121 mm.); upper surface more brownish; rump noticeably paler than back, Collocalia fuciphaga elaphra. d'.—Smaller (wing 108-118 mm.); upper surface more blackish; rump not noticeably paler than back. e.—Lower surface paler; upper surface somewhat more brownish, Collocalia fuciphaga vestita. ~e'.—Lower surface darker; upper surface somewhat more blackish, Collocalia fuciphaga fuciphaga. B.—Tarsus entirely unfeathered (subgenus Collocalia). a.—Abdomen not white in sharp contrast to the breast, the lower surface nearly uniform brownish gray. b.—Rump without a conspicuous white or brownish white band. c.—Feathers of the lores with brownish bases, Collocalia leucophaea. c!.—Feathers of the lores with pure white bases. d.—Larger (wing 127-140 mm.). e.—Upper surface darker, much more blackish; lower surface darker, and uniform, Collocalia origenis. e1.—Upper surface lighter, much more brownish; lower surface lighter, the throat paler than the rest, . . . . . Collocalia whiteheadi. d',—Smaller (wing 109.5-123 mm.). e.—Upper parts more brownish, more uniform, the pileum scarcely darker, the rump not lighter, than the back; throat not paler than abdomen, Collocalia wnicolor unicolor. e—Upper parts less brownish, less uniform, the pileum darker, the rump usually lighter, than the back; throat paler than abdomen, Collocalia unicolor amelis. o'.—Rump with a conspicuous white or brownish white band. c.—Feathers of lores with brownish bases, Collocalia thespesia. c!—Feathers of lores with pure white bases. d.—Smaller (wing 110-114 mm.). e.—Abdomen and upper surface darker; light rump band with more conspicuous dark shafts; size smaller (wing 110-111 mm.), Collocalia francica terraereginae. e!—Abdomen and upper surface paler; light rump band with less conspicuous dark shafts; size larger (wing 112-114), Collocalia francica francica. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 181 d'.—Larger (wing 114-124 mm.). e.—Lower surface with distinct blackish shatt lines; light rump band with dark shaft lines very conspicuous. f.—Upper and lower parts much paler; light rump band more conspicuous, Collocalia francica germani. j'—Upper and lower parts much darker; light rump band less conspicuous, Collocalia francica inexpectata. e'.—Lower surface without distinct blackish shaft lines; ight rump band with dark shaft lines almost obsolete. j.—Upper surface with little or no greenish gloss ; rump band more brownish; posterior lower parts darker, Collocalia francica spodiopygia. 7'.—Upper surface with a distinct greenish gloss; rump band more whitish; posterior lower parts paler, Collocalia francica townsendt. a'.—At least the middle of abdomen white, in sharp contrast to the gray breast. b.—Rump with a white band. c.—Rectrices with white spots; white rump band without blackish shaft limes, . . . Collocalia uropygialis. c'.—Rectrices without white spots; white rump band with conspicuous blackish shaft lines, Collocalia troglodytes. b'—Rump without a white band. c.—Rectrices with white spots. d.—Upper surface brighter and more bluish or purplish; rump, wing-quills, and wing-coverts without light grayish tips, . . . . Collocalia esculenta. d'.—Upper surface duller ‘and more greenish; rump, wing-quills, and wing-coverts with light grayish tips. e.—White spots on tail-feathers sharply defined ; chin and upper throat paler; blackish shaft-mark- ings of short lower tail-coverts smaller, Collocalia neglecta. e'—White spots on tail-feathers not sharply defined ; chin and upper throat darker; blackish shaft- markings of short lower tail-coverts larger, Collocalia natalis. c!.—Rectrices without white spots. d.—Feathers of rump with broad white edgings, Collocalia marginata. d',—Feathers of rump without white edgings. e.—Wing less than 95 mm.; upper surface much duller) = 9s) ==.) se) Collocaliay dodger. 182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [April, e!.—Wing more than 95 mm.; upper surface much brighter. j.—Upper parts much more bluish or purplish. g.—Larger (wing averaging 104.6 mm.), Collocalia linchi cyanoptila. g'.—Smaller (wing averaging 99.2 mm.), Collocalia linchi affinis. /'.—Upper parts much more greenish. g.—Larger (wing 103-105 mm.), Collocalia linchi linchi. g'.—Smaller (wing 97-101.5 mm.). h.—Upper surface duller, somewhat less bluish or purplish; size slightly greater, Collocalia linchi isonota. h'.—Upper surface brighter, somewhat more bluish or purplish; size slightly less, Collocalia linchi elachyptera. AERODRAMUS,® subgenus noy. Chars. subgen.—Similar in proportions to the subgenus Collocalia, but tarsus more or less feathered. Type.—Collocalia innominata Hume. Collocalia leucopygia Wallace. Collocalia leucopygia Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1863, p. 384. Chars. sp.—Upper surface dull, slightly sooty black, with a weak metallic gloss, most evident on crown, the rump with a broad white band whose feathers have conspicuous blackish shaft lines; wings and tail black with some metallic sheen, the latter without white spots; sides of head and neck clove brown, the loral feathers with white bases; chin and throat brownish gray; remaining lower parts pale grayish anteriorly, becoming brownish on sides of body, and whitish on abdo- men, all the feathers with distinct darker shaft lines; longest under tail-coverts glossy blackish brown; thighs and lining of wing brownish black. Wing, 95-99.5; tail, 45; exposed culmen, 4; tarsus, 8.5 mm. Type locality.—New Caledonia. Geographical distribution.—Loyalty Islands, New Hebrides Islands, and New Caledonia. This species may readily be distinguished from all its congeners with feathered tarsi, excepting Collocalia innominata and C. agnota, by the white band on the rump; and from all but Collocalia agnota by the ® anp, aer; Jpayetv, cursare. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 183 white or whitish abdomen. In color it approaches rather near some species of the subgenus Collocalia, notably some forms of Collocalia francica, but the whitish abdomen is of course diagnostic. Collocalia agnota Sp. noy. Chars. sp.—Similar to Collocalia leucopygia, but upper surface lighter, much more brownish; chin, upper throat, and sides of head much paler brown; ventral surface from the lower throat to anal region more purely white, the jugulum and breast white like the abdomen, and contrasting sharply with the grayish brown of the chin and upper throat; feathers of breast and abdomen without noticeably darker shaft lines; basal portion of rectrices much paler. Geographical distribution.—Island of New Caledonia. Description.—Type, adult female, No. 8,757, American Museum of Natural History; New Caledonia; Verreaux Collection. Upper parts brownish black, the pileum with some metallic greenish gloss, the back with a faint suggestion of the same, the cervix a little lighter and more brownish ; rump with a broad band of pure white, the feathers of which have dark brown shaft lines; rectrices externally brownish black, with a slight bluish metallic sheen, internally more brownish, and proxi- mally growing paler until at base they are quite light brown, but without white spots; wings brownish black with some metallic sheen, the inner margins of quills fuscous; lores, orbital region, and a narrow line across the forehead sepia brown, the feathers of the lores with pure white bases; sides of neck and breast grayish brown, much lighter than the cervix; chin and upper throat dull broccoli brown; rest of lower parts medially almost pure white, though just appreciably brownish an- teriorly, the sides of body washed with brownish, the shorter lower tail-coverts pale brownish gray with darker shaft lines and whitish margins, the longest ones dark brown, with distally a metallic sheen; thighs brownish black; lining of wings dark brown. Wing, 105; tail, 46; exposed culmen, 4; tarsus, 9 mm. The relationships of this evidently distinct and apparently unde- scribed species are undoubtedly with Collocalia leucopygia, as is indi- cated by the conspicuously feathered tarsi, the white abdomen, and the white rump band with dark shaft lines. The only specimen known is the above described one in the American Museum of Natural History. Collocalia innominata Hume. Collocalia innominata Hume, Stray Feathers, I, 1873, p. 294. Collocalia maxima Hume, Stray Feathers, IV, 1876, p. 223 (Mergui and Bank- asoon, Tenasserim) (nomen nudum). Chars. sp.—Quite different from Collocalia leucopygia: much larger; 184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [April, entire lower surface dark brownish gray; upper parts more brownish, , the light rump band decidedly less conspicuous. Wing, 130-137; tail, 50-56; exposed culmen, 6; tarsus 12-12.5 mm. Type locality—Port Mouat, South Andaman Island, Andaman Islands. Geographical distribution.—Southern Tenasserim to Lower Siam and Perak, Malay Peninsula; Mergui Archipelago; accidental(?) on South Andaman Island. The large size, feathered tarsi, light brownish rump band with dark shaft lines, and the conspicuously darker mesial lines of the lower surface, which last are present in only a few forms of Collocalia, suffic- iently distinguish this very strongly characterized species. An adult female taken by Dr. W. L. Abbott on September 5, 1896, at Trong, Lower Siam, proves its occurrence in that region. Collocalia ocista sp. nov. Chars. sp.—Similar to Collocalia leucophaeae, but tarsi feathered ; slightly smaller, except the tail which is longer; upper surface, includ- ing wings and tail, darker, more blackish (less brownish), and on head and back as well as elsewhere with a decided greenish metallic gloss; lower parts more grayish. Geographical distribution.—Marquesas and Society Islands. Description.—Type, adult female; Nukahiva Island, Marquesas Islands, September 16, 1899; Charles H. Townsend. Upper surface almost uniform dark sooty brown, slightly deeper on the pileum, a little lighter on the rump—neither of these differences very noticeable —and everywhere with a greenish metallic sheen; wings and tail darker, more blackish, with a bluish or purplish metallic gloss, the wing-coverts slightly more greenish, the innermost secondaries and inner margins of the quills, at least basally, lighter and more brownish—about the same color as the back; sides of head clove brown almost as dark as the crown, the lores quite so, the loral feathers with lighter brown bases; lower parts nearly uniform deep brownish gray, only the chin and longest under tail-coverts somewhat darker ; lining of wing clove brown. This new and very interesting bird is superficially so much like Collocalia lewcophaea, with the type of which it has been compared, that a specimen in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, collected long ago in the Marquesas Islands, and presented by Dr. Gambel, was so labelled; but the species may readily be separated by the characters above given. It is fully as dark below as C. lewcophaea, and like that species is peculiar in possessing light brown bases to the 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 185 feathers of the lores. From Collocalia juciphaga juciphaga, which also to some extent it superficially resembles, it may be distinguished by its larger size and more brownish upper parts, as well as most trench- antly by the light brown instead of pure white bases of the loral feathers. From Collocalia juciphaga elaphra, a subspecies hereinafter described,’ with which it agrees in size, and which it more closely approaches in the general color of the upper surface, it differs in being rather more blackish and more uniform above, the rump not so appreciably paler than the back; in having much darker lower surface; also, and most decidedly, in having the bases of the feathers of the lores light brown. This last character alone will separate it from all forms of the genus excepting C. leucophaea and C. thespesia. Three specimens of this new species were collected by Mr. Charles H. Townsend in 1899, during his recent Pacific cruise on the U.S. Fish Commission steamer ‘‘Albatross.’’ One of these, the single specimen from Tahiti, is rather more brownish above, and a little paler on the crissum than the type, but is very different from C. lewcophaea; another, from the Marquesas Islands, is more blackish above and slightly darker below; but the old specimen in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia is practically identical with our type. Measurements of Collocalia ocista are as follows: Sex Locality. | Date. | Wing. | Tail. Hepasea Tarsus. Q Nukahiva I., Marquesas | | ISlandst once rane Sept. 16,1899} 121 | 65 5 8.5 — Nukahiva I., Marquesas Tslands........ seasevasos teen ooes Sept. 15,1899 119 61 4 9 — |Marquesas Islands ............|....:s:c:scseeeeeeeeeeee 117.5 |) 61 4.5 8.5 CO Nukahiva I., Marquesas # NWslands= (ee acces July 18, 1902; 119 | 61 | 4.5 o CO Tahiti I., Society Islands. Nov. 13,1899) 123 SOs p44] <9 ASV ER AD Clearer crane ccueecetererencan sevanenne cence 119.9 | 61.4 4.4 8.8 Collocalia fuciphaga fuciphaga (Thunberg). Hirundo fuciphaga Thunberg, K. Vet. Akad. Nya Handl., XX XIII, 1812, p. 153, pl. 4 (Java). Hirundo vanikorensis Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, Zool., I, 1830, p. 206, pl. XII, fig. 3 (Vanikoro Island, Santa Cruz Islands, Pacific Ocean) 7 Postea, p. 188. § Postea, p. 195. * Type. 186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [April, Cotyle vanicorensis Boie, Isis, 1844, p. 170 (nom. emend. pro Hirundo vani- korensis Quoy and Gaimard). Hemiprocne salangana Streubel, Isis, 1848, p. 368 (East Indies). Cypselus inquietus Kittlitz, Denkwurd. Reise, II, 1858, p. 26 (Ualan Island, Caroline Islands, Pacific Ocean). : Chars. subsp.—Similar to Collocalia leucophaea, but decidedly smaller ; tarsus sparsely feathered ; bases of the loral feathers pure white; upper parts very much more blackish, and rather more uniform, the rump not appreciably lighter than the back. Type locality. Java. Geographical distribution.—East India Islands and western Poly- nesia, from Nias, Java, Borneo, and the Natuna Islands, northeast to the Philippine, Mariana, and Caroline Islands, east and southeast to New Guinea, Duke of York Island, Tonga (Friendly) and Loyalty Islands. The birds of a good series, consisting of specimens from Java, the Philippine and Caroline Islands, and from Nias Island, off the western coast of Sumatra, are very uniform in size as well as in the dark lower surface and glossy blackish upper parts, indicating thus that the name Hirundo vanikorensis Quoy and Gaimard,’° which was based on the bird from the Santa Cruz Islands, is synonymous with Hirundo fuci- phaga Thunberg," from Java. 82. Brada pilosa—figs. 14-17. Fig. 14.—A medium-sized extended papilla from the dorsum of the middle region, showing ring of adhering silt. » 113. Fig. 15.—An extended papilla from the ventral surface. > 113. Fig. 16.—A portion of the middle of a notopodial seta from XV. x 250. Fig. 17.—Exposed portion of neuropodial seta from XV. X98. a, portion of middle of the same. 250. Piatre XI.—Stauronereis annulatus—figs. 18-22. Fig. 18.—Distal portion of jaw from below. 130. Fig. 19.—Forked seta from middle of notopodial fascicle of somite XXV; a, another of the same slightly rotated and foreshortened. > S800. Fig. 20.—Portion of the middle of a capillary neuropodial seta from somite XXV. xX 800. Fig. 21.—A short-bladed compound neuropodial seta from the middle of the fascicle of XXV. x 800. Fig. 22.—A long-bladed compound seta from the same somite. > SOO. Travisia pupa—fig. 23. Fig. 23.—A small portion from near the distal end of a notopodial seta from the middle region. S00. Notomastus giganteus—figs. 24 and 25. Fig. 24.—An entire crochet from the middle af the body. X 333. bo o> oO Fig. 25.—Profile view, and a face view, of the end of one of the same. < 800. Maldane similis—figs. 26-30. Fig. 26.—Slightly winged seta from II. 333. Fig. 27.—Hispid capillary seta from somite XV. » 480. Fig. 28.—End of crochet from somite III. x 480. Fig. 29.—Entire crochet from X. 110. Fig. 30.—Distal end of the same. x 480. Maldanella robusta—figs. 31 and 32. Fig. 31.—Two entire crochets from somite XV. 110. Fig. 32.—The end of one of the same. X 480. Clymenella tentaculata—figs. 33-35. Fig. 33.—Middle crochet from somite II, entire. 110. Fig. 34.—End of the same. 480. Fig. 35.—End of a middle crochet from V. 480. Nicomache coronata—figs. 36-39. Fig. 36.—Small portion of a fiber seta from somite X. 800. Fig. 37.—End of a crochet from somite V. 480. Fig. 38.—An entire crochet from somite XV. 110. Fig. 39.—End of the same. X 480. Puate XI1.—Lumbrichymene pacifica—figs. 40-42. Fig. 40.—End of a spine from II. 98. Fig. 41.—An entire crochet from somite X. X 83. Fig. 42.—End of the same. x 440. Nicomache coronata—figs. 43 and 44. Fig. 43.—Small seta from somite X. 360; a, small portion of the same. Fig. 44. —Large seta from somite X. 360. Sabellaria cementariwm—figs. 45-51. Fig. 45.—Three spines forming a middle segment of the operculum, shown in profile in as nearly as possible their natural relations: 7 inner, m middle, and o outer spines. 32. Fig. 46.—A face view of the end of an outer spine. 32. Fig. 47.—Middle notopodial seta from somite III. ™ 32. Fig. 48.—Portion of an ensheathed capillary notopodial seta from somite XX. x 440. Fig. 49.—Bipinniform neuropodial seta from II. 98. Fig. 50.—A portion of the middle of the same. > 440. Fig. 51.—Middle abdominal uncinus. 440. Samytha bioculata—figs. 52 and 53. Fig. 52.—Uncinus from somite X of type. 600; 52, the same from somite X of the cotype, somewhat foreshortened. > 600. Fig. 53.—Uncinus from somite XXV. 600. Amphicteis scaphobranchiata—figs. 54-61. Fig. 54.—Dorsal aspect of anterior end of type, with branchiew cut away and separated to show the prostomium. 9. Fig. 55.—Ventral aspect of the same with the branchiz in place. 9. Fig. 56.—Distal portion of one of the anterior middle branchiw. 9. Fig. 57.—One of the abdominal parapodia. 24. Fig. 58.—A paleolus from the middle of the fasciculus. 83. Fig. 59.—A seta from somite X. » 250. Fig. 60.—Two forms of uncini from somite XII, the five-toothed one i somewhat foreshortened. > 600. Fig. 61.—An uncinus from XXV. x 600. Chone gracilis—figs. 62-66. Fig. 62.—A small bent seta from somite V. 360. Fig. 63.—A winged seta from XXII. X 250. Fig. 64.—A spatulate and mucronate ios from VI. X 360. Fig. 65.—A crochet from VI. X 360. Fig. 66.—An uncinus from XXII. X 360. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [April, 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 261 May 1. Mr. ArTHUR ERwin Brown, Vice-President, in the Chair. Forty-six persons present. The Publication Committee reported that a paper entitled ‘‘Addi- tional New Species of Polycheta from the North Pacific,’’? by J. Perey Moore, had been offered for publication (April 19, 1906). The deaths of Clarence H. Clark, a member, March 13, and of Lionel S. Beale, a correspondent, March 28, were announced. Dr. BENJAMIN SHARP made a communication on pearls and pearl fisheries. (No abstract.) May 15. The President, SamuEt G. Drxon, M.D., in the Chair. Thirty-four persons present. The Publication Committee reported that a paper entitled ‘‘ Records and Descriptions of Non-Saltatorial Orthoptera from British Guiana,’’ by James A. G. Rehn, had been offered for publication (May 7, 1906). The death of Carl V. Vischer, M.D., a member, May 14, was announced. Henry Lerrman, M.D., made a communication on the newer views regarding the nature of matter and their bearings on biology. (No. abstract.) Mr. Walter F. Herzberg was elected a member. The following were ordered to be printed: 262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, RECORDS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NON-SALTATORIAL ORTHOPTERA FROM BRITISH GUIANA. BY JAMES A. G. REHN. The records given in the following pages are all from a collection of Orthoptera made in 1901 at Demerara, British Guiana, by R. J. Crew, and for the privilege of studying which the author is indebted to Prof. Lawrence Bruner. The series contained sixty-one specimens, repre- senting thirty-four species, of which six are new. The types are in Prof. Bruner’s collection. BLATTIDA:. ANAPLECTA Burmeister. Anaplecta pulchella n. sp. Type: 2; Demerara, British Guiana, 1901. (R. J. Crew.) Closely allied to A. mexicana Saussure and dohrniana Saussure and Zehntner, but differing from mexicana in the narrowly incised supra- anal plate, the more angulate proximal portion of the appendicular field of the wings, and in some details of the coloration. From dohr- niana it differs in the wings, in the coloration and somewhat in the shape, but agrees in the shape of the supra-anal plate. Size rather large (for the genus); form rather flattened and sub- elliptical; surface glabrous. Head about completely hidden under the pronotum; interspace between the eyes almost twice the depth of one of the eyes; antenn sparsely haired. Pronotum transversely ovate, the cephalic margin regularly arcuate, caudal margin very slightly arcuate, lateral margins rounded obtuse-angulate; disk somewhat deflected laterad. Tegmina exceeding the apex of the abdomen, sub- lanceolate with the costal margin slightly arcuate except proximad where it is rather strongly arcuate, sutural margin straight, apex acute; basal field small, sub-coriaceous; anal field elongate sub-pyriform in shape and containing four veins; costal veins thirteen in number, the interspaces between the distal ones supplied with short spurious veins which do not coalesce with the discoidal vein; median vein with four rami of which the second (enumerating proximo-distad) is bifurcate. Wings with the appendicular field of medium size, sub-rectangulate with the margins rounded and the proximal angle decidedly obtuse; 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 263 clavate costal veins seven in number, the clavation being very large and short, in fact decided inflations, non-clavate costals five in number, distad of the clavate ones; medio-discoidal area with quadrate inter- spaces; axillary vein with one principal branch diverging caudad, which latter has two rami. Supra-anal plate transverse, rounded with a slightly median emargination; subgenital plate not reaching to the apex of the supra-anal plate, inflated and with the caudal section compressed and narrowly divided, reminding one of the structure of the valves of the Blattinee. Femora with their ventral margins spined. General color tawny above; head ochraceous with a pattern of four transverse and one short longitudinal occipital bars of seal brown, eyes seal brown, antennz ochre yellow proximad and dull brownish distad. Pronotum with the disk seal brown and the lateral portions hyaline, the disk broad caudad narrowing cephalad. Tegmina of the general color with a spot in the anal field, a more prominent one at the base of the discoidal field and another rounded one near the middle of the discoidal field raw umber. Wings very slightly washed with olive, except the sections adjacent to the proximal portion of the costal margin and the caudal section of the inserted angle of the appendicular field, which are washed with ochre yellow. Ventral surface and limbs pale clay color, margined, lined and touched with mummy brown. Measurements. Iberatiada @ilyehye S 6 » « « co of 6 © a 4 0.) meeManosen, Length of pronotum, 2.2, “ Greatest width of pronotum, pel Mdina ao as Ienothtolteomen. 4:)F, (Ps Otte reer or, gs PONG Paee dS.) oie #168 Greatest width of tegmen, . Seo fet Me aMIN merce se) ASD: The type is the only specimen seen. Anaplecta fulgida Saussure. Two males, two females. Two of the above specimens belong to the form of the species with the disk of the pronotum dark, both sexes being represented. The tegmina in these dark specimens are somewhat darker than in the other individuals. This species has been recorded from Tabasco, Mexico, Guatemala and Piedras Negras, Costa Rica, this constituting the first South American record. PSEUDOMOPS Serville. Pseudomops crinicornis (Burmeister). One male, one female. While these specimens would, by their uniform black antenne, fall 264 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {May, under Juctwosa (Saussure), the original description of crinicornis con- tains nothing at variance with the material examined, no mention being made of the antennz, while the median whitish spots on the tegmina are distinctly specified. It would appear from the description that the form described as crinicornis by Saussure and Zehntner* is not the crinicornis of Burmeister. Whether lectuosa is distinct from crinicornis 1s a matter which cannot be settled here, the two having already been synonymized. The specimens studied show that the male is more uniformly colored than the female, the pronotum being without a light caudal margin and the median tegminal spots are absent, while the pale border of the coxze and ventral abdominal segments are much narrower than in the female. PSEUDOPHYLLODROMIA Brunner. Pseudophyllodromia pavonacea Rehn. 1903. Pseudophyllodromia pavonacea Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXIX, p. 262. [Bartica, British Guiana.] One male. This specimen is inseparable from the type with which it has been compared. Pseudophyllodromia fasciatella Saussure. Three males, one female. These specimens agree perfectly with a series of sixteen individuals from Bartica, British Guiana. Pseudophyllodromia obscura Saussure. 1874. Pseudophyllodromia obscura Saussure, Mém. Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. Genéve, XXIII, p. 98. [Brazil.] Four females. These specimens agree well with the description except that the disk of the pronotum is red-brown overlaid with blackish instead of maroon brown as described. Pseudophyllodromia prona n. sp. Types: co and 2 ; Demerara, British Guiana. 1901. (R. J. Crew.) Allied to P. peruana and lineolata Saussure, and differing from the former in the strongly lined interocular space, the color of the face and the coloration of the tegmina, the pale portions of the latter being small maculations and not whole areas. From lineolata it differs in the maculation of the pronotum, the general color of the head and the smaller tegminal markings. No other species of the genus appears to be any way as closely related as the two mentioned above. 1 Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., I, p. 33. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 265 Size medium; form as in other species of the genus but slightly broader. Head considerably exserted, the eyes rather prominent, the interspace between them not as wide as the depth of the eye in either sex; antenne filiform, very sparsely haired, in length very con- siderably exceeding the length of the body. Pronotum transverse sub-elliptieal, cephalic margin with an extremely slight median angu- lation; caudal margin distinctly but not greatly angulate, the margin laterad of the angulation slightly emarginate; lateral margins arcuate producing slightly lateral cephalic and caudal angles; surface of the disk with two impressed areas, one on each side, extending caudo- laterad from about the caudal fourth of the pronotum; lateral portion of the pronotum considerably depressed. Tegmina with the venation prominent; costal margin arcuate on the proximal half, about straight with a hardly perceptible emargination in the distal half, sutural margin with two arcuations, one of the anal field, the other of the remainder of the tegmen; apex narrowly rounded; basal field narrow, limited to about the proximal third; anal field elongate-obovate, the anal suleus more impressed in the male than in the female; costal veins thirteen to sixteen in number, rami of the median vein all longi- tudinal. Supra-anal plate of the male shorter than the subgenital plate, cerci over twice the length of the subgenital plate, moniliform, tapering from the middle, subgenital plate rather short, transverse, the apex narrow and shallowly emarginate. Supra-anal plate of the female shorter than the subgenital plate, cerci similar to those of the male, subgenital plate flat, the apical margin with a deep, very narrow median incision. Femora spined. General colors clove brown and pale ochre yellow. Head with three median, longitudinal, closely placed, parallel ochre yellow lines on the interocular space, the face with five transverse maculations of the same color, the dorsal one a complete fine line, the second, between the antennwe, a broadly V-shaped mark, the third a row of four sub- circular maculations, the fourth, on the clypeal suture, a thick, nar- rowed mesad line, the fifth a simple line across the clypeus; eyes walnut brown; antenne strongly infuscate except a brief ferruginous proximad section. Pronotum with the disk clove brown, a narrow median line and the lateral section pale ochre yellow, a spot on the caudal section of the pale lateral sections clove brown; caudal margin narrowly pale. Tegmina with the base color deep brownish, the basal field and inter- spaces between the veins of the anal area and between the costal veins and two spots in the proximal section of the discoidal field, one in the very narrow proximal section and the other just distad of it, pale 266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, ochre yellow. Limbs ochre yellow marked with clove brown, the caudal broadly lined dorsad, and the tibiz infuscate distad. Measurements. oh 9 lengthvot bodys. . . eee | Orn Oem Length of pronotum, .. 5 a Se ECS, 2) Sere Greatest width of pr onotum, eg eS. oro aer AN aja [geneth,of termen,. .-) sy eye ees or Se On 10.5 “ Greatest width of WECINCI: (epee ct =. yoo gals ee By The types are unique. ISCHNOPTERA Burmeister. Ischnoptera nyctiboroides n. sp. Type: 2; Demerara, British Guiana. 1901. (R. J. Crew.) Belonging to the group containing J. azteca, tolteca, nana and parvula, but differing from all in the larger size, and apparently from most of them in the comparatively large intercalary area of the wings. Size rather large; form robust, general form and coloration super- ficially reminding one of a Nyctibora; surface glabrous, but not with a very high polish. Head not hidden by the pronotum, the occipital margin evenly arcuate, interspace between the eyes slightly wider than the depth of one of the eyes; mandibular palpi with the distal joint elongate-elliptical when viewed dorsad, the ventral surface ex- cayate for the entire length. Pronotum of the shape usually found in Ischnoptera, the cephalic margin sub-truncate, the caudal margin sub-truncate with an extremely slight median angulation, lateral margins slightly arcuate, the greatest width caudad; lateral sections somewhat depressed, the disk without depressions. Tegmina extend- ing beyond the tip of the abdomen by about two-thirds the length of the pronotum; costal margin evenly arcuate; sutural margin straight except in the distal fourth, where it is obliquely diverted toward the apex which is in the general curve of the costal margin and rounded acute-angulate in character; basal field not extensive; anal field elongate-obovate, the apex blunt; veins of the anal area seven in num- ber, the costal veins very numerous, discoidal field with the veins distinctly longitudinal. Wing with the greatest width contained slightly more than one and one-half times in the length; costal veins about eleven in number excluding the branches of the mediastine vein, the majority being distinctly but not at all greatly thickened near the margin; discoidal vein with a caudal ramus diverging near the middle anterior ulnar vein with two complete and about two incomplete rami; 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 267 interealary area rather small but distinct, extending about a sixth the way to the base of the wing, the apical margin of the area very gently obtuse-angulate. Supra-anal plate transverse, somewhat produced mesad and very narrowly emarginate; cerci about equal to the sub- genital plate in length, tapering in the distal half; subgenital plate somewhat transverse, the distal margin arcuate, not emarginate and not distinctly excavated for the cereal bases. Cephalic femora armed on the ventro-cephalie margin, with about five large spines placed mesad and a number of slightly smaller ones distributed between the larger spines and the distal extremity; median and cephalic femora with the ventral margins armed. General color vandyke brown, narrow lateral areas on the pronotum and the basal areas of the tegmina ochre yellow. Head uniform except for the antenne, the regions of their insertion and the clypeus which are dull ochraceous. Pronotum with the median area very dark, almost seal brown, the lateral light areas being connected by a thread of the same color, which extends around the cephalic margin. Teg- mina almost ochraceous-rufous when viewed by reflected light, the area of the right tegmen covered by the left being vandyke brown. Wings washed with vandyke brown, the anterior field with the suf- fusion very strong, the color being quite solid around the costal veins Abdomen with the segments margined with seal brown, a broad bar of the same color paralleling the lateral margins and suffusing the subgenital of the preceding plate. Limbs ochraceous, the cox each with two transverse bars of seal brown connected along the lateral suleus of the coxa by a longitudinal bar of the same color. Measurements. ibemratin Ge yeh 2 koe ss 4 ll gc aleelinoubonl, Leagin GFR, 5 . 6 6 3 6 leo 6 5 ee S Greatest: widinkor prone tumiy ss eile lanl amie nen Os igenthworsucoment es es Wk. Creer oer cL ( Greens jolla Oi ween, 6 5 5 5 os 5 5 0 5 Oy © The type is the only specimen seen by the author. BLATTELLA Caudell. Blattella minor (Brunner). 1865. Ph[yllodromia] minor Brunner, Nouv. Syst. Blatt., p. 94. [Brazil.] One male. This specimen fits Brunner’s description of this species, except that the bars on the pronotum are fairly well separated, while Brunner says ““linea separanti tenuissima.”’ 268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {May, Blattella inexpectata n. sp. Type: 2; Demerara, British Guiana. 1901. (R. J. Crew.) In general appearance this form resembles B. parana (Walker) from Para, but it is larger with a richer coloration and with the caudal margin of the pronotum more arcuate. In some respects this species resembles the vitrea-dilatata-pavida group but is more slender, bearing a considerable superficial resemblance to /schnoptera blattoides. Size medium; form moderately depressed, elongate-elliptical ; surface glabrous. Head almost entirely covered by the pronotum, narrowest portion of the interspace between the eyes slightly less than the depth of one of the eyes; antennz well separated at the bases, in length ex- tending caudad to the distal extremity of the caudal coxee. Pronotum moderately transverse, ovate, narrow, cephalic margin subtruncate, caudal margin moderately arcuate with an extremely slight median angulation, lateral margins arcuate with the greatest width very slightly caudad of the middle; lateral sections moderately depressed. Tegmina slightly exceeding the apex of the abdomen, the greatest width con- tained slightly more than three times in the length; costal margin arcuate, the arcuation of the proximal third much greater than that of the remainder of the margin; sutural margin nearly straight, very obliquely truncate in the apical fourth where it turns to meet the nar- rowly rounded apex; basal field narrow and covering slightly more than a third of the length of the tegmen; anal field obovate in shape and about equalling the basal field in length; costal veins about fourteen in number, median vein with four rami, the distal of which has four branches, some of which has the branching carried two stages farther ; anal area with five veins. Wings with the costal veims numbering about nine, the majority of the veins being distinctly incrassate distad ; anterior ulnar vein bearing three complete rami. Supra-anal plate trigonal with a rather large median emargination; cerci about equal to the subgenital plate in length, fusiform; subgenital plate moderately inflated, somewhat tectate, apical margin shallowly emarginate, well marked cercal sinuations present. Cephalic femora armed on the ventro-cephalie margin with four large median and one large distal spine, the intervening area filled with fine comb-like spmes. Median and caudal femora with the ventral margins spined. General color ochraceous, becoming ochraceous-rufous on the disk of the pronotum and the section of the tegmina which when in repose cover the body. Eyes bistre; lateral sections of the pronotum and costal section of the tegmina translucent ochre yellow, the section of the left teemen which in repose is covered by the right is very pale, 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 269 nearly buff in color. Wings strongly washed with ochraceous; limbs pale ochraceous. Measurements. hens thiofibodysageree meee | Pek N ee 8 3) mm. SEO Gio, . 6 2) ole 6 6) oe ce me | One Gneatestiwidthiofpronotumyyn ss) 22-2) 2. ee = Wenethiof tecement (aeemeeeh vice ets 2 Fg Greatest widthiofitesmenweuse 2 ess 44) co 38 The type is unique. NYCTIBORA Burmeister. 1838. Nyctibora Burmeister, Handb, d. Entom., II, Abth. II, pt. I, p. 501. Included N. crassicornis, sericea, holosericea and latipennis Burm. Iirby has selected sericea as the type. Nyctibora tomentosa (Serville)? 1839. Blatta tomentosa Serville, Orthoptéres, p. 86. [Surinam.] Two males. These specimens show some few characters at variance with the original description, but agree with the description of a female given by Saussure.2, Walker’s tenebrosa from Demerara appears to be a rather different insect. PARATROPES Serville. Paratropes subsericeus Saussure. 1864. Paratropes subsericeus Saussure, Mém. |’ Hist. Nat. Mex., 3me Mém., p. 63. [Surinam.] One female. This specimen is referred to subsericeus instead of elegans Bur- meister, of which the former has been considered a synonym. The description of elegans, although very brief, does not fully fit the speci- men in hand, while that of swbsericeus fully describes the individual examined. The author does not assert that the two are distinct species, but Saussure’s name represents the type examined and Bur- meister’s does not. EPILAMPRA Burmeister. Epilampra abortivipennis Rehn. 1903. Epilampra abortivipenna Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XIX, p. 273. [Bartica, British Guiana.] One female. The type of this species was erroneously described as a female, a re-examination showing it to be a male. * Miss. Scient. Mex., Orth., p. 69. 270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, The female is larger and bulkier than the male, but is otherwise very similar. The supra-anal plate of the female is transverse, rounded and with a moderately deep V-shaped median emargination, the cerci are about equal to the supra-anal plate in length, subequal in the proximal half, tapering in the distal half, supra-anal plate large, moderately inflated, cercal sinuations slight, the apical margin arcuate. Measurements of Female. ISoreqdawOmloNee Toe go co 6 1s 6 & hee 5 so sa. eAG) Omni, ILO ROMO, 4 5 s . 5 56 56 5 « « o Gy ~ Greatest) width of pronotumyye ay ss ee Soe ILO, Gg 5 so & Be a 8 a WS & Greatest width oftezmenys ye. 5 5. = 2 2 Gio: Epilampra lucifuga Rehn. 1903. Epilampra lucijuga Rehn, Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc., X XIX, p. 271 {Southern British Guiana.] Three males, one female. The female is slightly larger than the type specimen, but otherwise the series is perfectly typical of the species. The supra-anal plate of the male is rather produced, trigonal and fissate mesad with the incision a mere slit to very near the apex; cerci about half again the length of the subgenital plate, tapering in the distal two-thirds; subgenital plate not reaching the caudal margin of the supra-anal plate, trigonal, supplied with lateral styles nearly a third the length of the cerci. Measurements of Male. Kens tihtot bodys sac mem iene neo a un cen cOosTTnTI Length of pronotum, ct) ak acme a ee anaes he iy Cresent yatohdav Oe joo, 5 5 5 5 9s s 0 5 5 CHS ibensthwotitegmiens 2" 2 ee eee ee eli Greatest width of tegmen, . Gee Epilampra maculicollis (Serville). 1839. Blatta maculicollis Serville, Orthoptéres, p. 92. [Brazil.] One male, one female. The base color of these specimens is maize yellow, and between the eyes the head bears dorsad a pair of tapering spots of mummy brown, ventrad a blotch of seal brown, which has laterad short bars of the same color extending ventrad between the antenne. The pronotum is very finely sprinkled with, and the delicate pattern traced, in vandyke brown, while the tegmina have the discoidal and anal areas very thickly flecked with large and small spots of burnt umber, the basal and costal regions being comparatively clear with only small spots. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 271 Epilampra fusca Brunner. 1865. Epilampra fusca Brunner, Nouv. Syst. Blatt., p. 170. [Venezuela.]' One female. As far as can be determined from Brunner’s description, which was based on a mutilated specimen, this individual appears to represent the species. The color pattern is rather regular and typical of the genus, the maculations of the tegmina being uniformly distributed but larger in the discoidal field, while the whole insect has a strong suffusion of raw sienna. The head bears two spots of seal brown between the eyes, these spots being connected by a line of the same color which encloses a quadrate area between the antenne. Measurements. keno thyoibod ya ors ee te oe 4 leon: LET OrORON, 5 2 2 6 o ce a 6 6 6 9 We Createst width of pronouumweee ae ee = Ron Iensthvofteomens= = ue een 5 ee os) eo Ston & GCremetgyechin@iicsaman 5 4 6 5 6 a o@ 5 6 o dy % PERIPLANETA Burmeister. Periplaneta australasie (Fabricius). One male, two females. CHORISONEURA Brunner. Chorisoneura gracilis (Saussure). 1862. Blatta gracilis Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2e ser., XIV, we p. 167. [Brazil.] One damaged specimen. PYCNOSCELUS Scudder. Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnzus). Two females. One individual is quite uniform blackish above, with the cephalic margin of the pronotum laterad and the marginal field of the tegmina ochraceous. PANCHLORA Burmeister. Panchlora viridis (Fabricius). 1775. [Blatta] viridis Fabricius, Syst. Entom., p. 272. [America.] One male. This species has previously been recorded from Cayenne. Panchlora peruana Saussure. 1864. Planchlora] Peruana Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2e ser., XVI, p. 342. [Peru.] D2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, One male, two females. The female individuals differ somewhat in size, but both appear referable to this species. Measurements of Females. Wane leh, 5 . 5 « =« o os « « AOMinmn, Vil samm- Length of pronotum, .. Reese. lear 8) Gbaes (aie Greatest width of pronotum, . MOE Siesta gOS (fore Length of tegmen, : Wert to) aty ohi thoes PPM Greatest width of tegmen, 3, =| See Se oy HOLOCOMPSA Burmeister. Holocompsa nitidula (Fabricius). 1781. [Blatta] nitidula Fabricius, Spec. Ins., I, p. 345. [Surinam.] Two females. These specimens have a dark brown patch on the caudal section of the disk, and the caudal margin of the pronotum is narrowly suffused with the same color. This pattern of coloration is evidently present in the type of Fabricius as he states: ‘‘Thorax ferrugineus, nitidus macula baseos nigra.’’? The golden hairs which are present on the lighter sections of the pronotum are also distributed over the brown area. Holocompsa cyanea Burmeister. Two males. This species has been recorded from Brazil by Brunner. BLABERUS Serville. Blaberus posticus Erichson. 1848. Blabera postica Erichson, in Sechomburgk’s Reisen Brit. Guiana, III, p- 580. [British Guiana.] One female. This specimen is the first of a number of individuals of this section of the genus examined by the author, which appears to fit Erichson’s very poor description. The pronotal maculation is confluent laterad with the blackish caudal margin. This character appears to be what Erichson refers to in ‘‘Der Halsschild mit spitzer gerundeten Seiten, auf dem Ricken mit einigen kleinen, unbestimmten schwarzen Flecken, dagegen der Hinterrand breit schwarz gesiumt.’’ The figure of B. thoracicus given by Saussure and Zehntner represents very nearly the same thing, but a specimen from Costa Rica which I had considered thoracicus * has these lateral bars lacking. Jirby’s synonymizing of 3 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1905, p. 792. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 273 the two species would appear, from the evidence in hand, to be correct, The author’s B. biolleyi * differs from posticus in the paler coloration, the more numerous and finer veins of the anal area of the tegmen and the separate and distinctly outlined maculations of the pronotum. MANTID As. ACONTISTA Saussure. Acontista perspicua (Fabricius). 1787. [Mantis] perspicua Fabricius, Mant. Insect.,'I, p. 230. [Cayenne.] One male, one female. This species is known only from the Guianas. Angela guianensis n. sp. Types: o\ and 2 ; Demarara, British Guiana. 1901. (R.J.Crew.) Closely allied to A. quinqwemaculata (Stoll) from Cayenne, but dif- fering in the coloration of the wings in both sexes, particularly in the absence of yellow in the male, and also in the short tegmina and wings of the female. From brachyptera (Stoll) it can be separated by the unspined margins of the caudal section of the pronotum and the tuber- culate abdomen, as well as the color of the wings of the male. The coloration of the wings of fulgida and trijasciata readily separates the new form from these species. Size rather large; form as usual in the genus, male bacilliform with elongate tegmina and wings, female elongate with quite short tegmina and wings; surface smooth but not polished. oO. Head strongly transverse, occipitalfoutline straight except for a pair of slight lateral depressions; eyes prominent, ovoid in outline when viewed laterad, rounded and projecting slightly cephalad of the general level of the face but nearly plane caudad; ocelli large, elliptical, placed in a low, broad triangle; facial scutellum arcuate transverse, the arcuation dorsad; antennze as long as the head and pronotum together, moderately serrulate. Pronotum with the coxal dilation slight, subequal cephalad and caudad of the same; lateral margins of the collar distinctly dentate, of the shaft slightly dentate cephalad, smooth caudad; median carina distinct throughout the length of the pronotum but quite delicate on the collar, the shaft compressed trigonal in section. Tegmina slightly longer than the head and pronotum, when in repose reaching nearly to the tip of the third abdominal seg- ment; margins subparallel, apex rounded acute-angulate, the sutural margin being considerably trimmed toward the apex; costal field moderately expanded proximad and very gradually narrowing distad; 4 Ibid., p. 792. 274 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, ulnar vein with three almost parallel rami, stigma distinct. Wings exceeding the tegmina by about a third the length of the pronotum, slightly longer than twice the width; costal margin nearly straight, apex rather narrowly rounded. Cephalic coxe slightly less than half the length of pronotum, not armed; cephalic femora about five-eighths the length of the pronotum, the ventro-caudal margin bearing four large and one small distal spines, the ventro-cephalic margin armed with two grades of spines, the larger size numbering six and the smaller eight, the smaller being placed one each between the larger spines, except that distad of the distal large spine two small ones are present and between the first and second distal spines three are present, dis- coidal spines four in number; cephalic tibie (exclusive of terminal claw) less than a third the femoral length, the cephalic margin with sixteen spines increasing in size distad, caudal margin with five spines; tarsi about equal to the tibie in length. Median and caudal limbs very slender but not greatly elongate, the caudal femora not quite reaching the middle of the third abdominal segment. General color Prout’s brown. Tegmina hyaline washed narrowly along the sutural margin (distad of the dividing vein) and very broadly along the costal margin with Prout’s brown, the greater portion of all the longitudinal veins being marked with numerous fine linear seal brown touches. Wings with proximal half hyaline, the apex of the anterior field yellowish coriaceous, the remainder vandyke brown with very strong violet reflections, this coloration also extending nearly to the base as a varying line along the mediastine vein, the caudal section of the broad transverse bar extending clear to the margin, and broken only by less infuseate areas immediately surrounding the radiate veins and the clear pattern of the transverse veins. 2. Head much as in the male, facial scutellum slightly less arcuate; antenne very short, hardly exceeding the length of the collar of the pronotum, filiform. Pronotum with the collar nearly a fifth the length of the whole pronotum, coxal dilation slight; collar shghtly tapering cephalad, the cephalic angle narrowly rounded and with an apparent elevation caused by a marked depression of the collar immediately cau- dad; lateral margins of the collar dentate, shaft with the margins un- armed; median carina distinct on the collar and on the cephalic and caudal sections of the shaft, collar trigonal in cross section, shaft rounded dorsad. Tegmina about a fifth the length of the pronotum, reaching in repose to about the middle of the first abdominal segment, margins very slightly approximate distad; apex broadly rounded, stigma distinct. Wings in repose extending beyond the tegmina by not quite a third 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 275 the length of the latter, the length but slightly greater than the length of the tezmen. Abdomen with the apex broad, depressed, the three terminal segments with very distinct median longitudinal marginal folds; supra-anal plate about as long as broad, the distal portion rounded; cerci broad, lamellate and truncate as usual in the genus; subgenital plate strongly compressed, rostrate, diverted ven- trad out of the general abdominal plane. Cephalic cox slightly less than half the length of the pronotum, slightly armed, distal section expanded and compressed, being abruptly trigonal in section, while the proximal three-fourths is transverse in section; cephalic femora slightly more than half the length of the pronotum, the margins armed as in the male except that the cephalic margin has one or two additional spines of the second order; tibiae and tarsi as in the male. Median and caudal limbs slender but not greatly elongate. General color tawny-olive finely washed, spotted and sprinkled with Prout’s brown; eyes marked with seal brown. Pronotum with the two colors showing very distinctly in a pattern which is pardaline in character, the shaft with its cephalic fifth inclined toward bistre. Tegmina tawny-olive in the proximal half, becoming brick red in the distal half, the costal section Prout’s brown, some of the rami of the ulnar vein and the dividing vein with short fine linear touches of bistre, the folded proximal section blackish purple. Wings with the anterior field broccoli brown, yellowish along the costal margin and rich brick red in the distal third ; posterior field with the base color purplish brown with a very strong purplish-blue sheen, bearing twoirregular maculations of lemon yellow, limited to about the cephalic half of the field and each bearing distad an area of equal size of the clear base color of the area, the whole wing except these areas and the semi-coriaceous red section of the anterior field having all the transverse veins white or yellowish- white. Abdomen of the general color; limbs of the general color with the pardaline appearance distinctly marked on the median and caudal limbs. Measurements. of 2 Wenpthinofibodys i 2 2 2 e222 65mm 88s mm. Length of pronotum, seh oe! LER REZ oe 36.5 “ Greatest width of pronotum, . . . . . 23 “ 3). ae ItengthVolbesmen, 2/95. .§ 2+ . 2 9, 28.5. * i329) = Length of wing, Ae Eas ee af Sian aye HL ee Wensthiomcephalicfemun, = 5. . . 5 14g 0c 20.3 “ The types are the only specimens seen by the author. bo ~I (or) PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, PHOTINA Burmeister. 1838. Photina Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., I, Abth. I, pt. I, p. 531. Type, by elimination, P. vitrea Burm. Photina vitrea Burmeister. 1838. M[antis] (Photina) vitrea Burmeister, Handb. d. Entom., II, Abth. IT, pt. I, p. 532. [Brazil.] One female. PARAMUSONIA Rehn. Paramusonia conspersa (Saussure). 1870. Th{espis] conspersa Saussure, Mitth. Schw. Ent. Gesell., III, p. 238. [South America.] One male, one female. Apparently this is the first record of the species with exact data. This form can be separated from the allied P. infwmata (Serville) by the finely denticulate lateral margins of the pronotum. MIOPTERYX Saussure. Miopteryx grenadensis Saussure. Two males. CALLIBIA Stal. 1877. Callibia Stil, Bihang till IK. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl., IV, No. 10, pp. 79, 85. z Type.—Harpax pictipennis Serville= Mantis diana Stoll. Callibia diana (Stoll). 1813. [Mantis] Diana Stoll, Natuur. Afbeeld. Besch. Spooken, pp. 74, 78, pl. XXY\V, fig. 100. [‘‘East Indies.’’] One male. This species has been recorded from Cayenne. OXYOPS Saussure. 1869. Oxyops Saussure, Mitth. Schw. Ent. Gesell., IIT, pp. 56, 66. Type.—O. rubicunda (Stoll). Oxyops rubicunda (Stoll). 1813. [Mantis] Rubicunda Stoll, Natuur. Afbeeld. Besch. Spooken, pp. 73, 79, pl. XXV, fig. 96. One male. This specimen has the internal face of the cephalic cox unicolor as in one of the males examined by Saussure. PARASTAGMATOPTERA Saussure. Parastagmatoptera tessellata Saussure and Zehntner. 1894. Parastagmatoptera tessellata Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.- Amer., Orth., I, p. 188. [Cayenne.] One male. 1) | “I 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, PHASMIDA. CEROYS Serville. 1839. Ceroys Serville, Orthoptéres, p. 262. Type.—C. perfoliatus (Gray). Ceroys lituus n. sp. Type: 2 ; Demerara, British Guiana. 1901. (R. J. Crew.) Not closely allied to any previously known species of the genus, dif- fering in the absence of spines and in the lobation of the median and caudal femora. This species may not be true Ceroys, but it does not belong to any of the present allied genera. Size median; form moderately robust; surface smooth, not polished, unarmed. Head rather long, subequal caudad of the eyes, occiput with a faint median longitudinal impressed line and several very weak ones laterad; eyes subglobose, moderately prominent; antenne filiform, about equal to the head and thorax in length, the proximal joint de- pressed. Pronotum nearly half again as long as broad, the lateral mar- gins somewhat incurved, cephalic margin moderately concave, caudal margin arcuate, transverse depression distinct, arcuate caudad, median longitudinal depression very faint and incomplete. Mesonotum five and a half times the length of the pronotum, a distinct dorsal line present but no carina. Metanotum (including median segment) about five- eighths the length of the mesonotum, the median segment very dis- tinctly longer than broad and exceeding the length of the remainder of the metanotum. Abdomen distinctly exceeding the remainder of the body in length; four proximal joints simple, longitudinal and very slightly increasing in length distad; fifth segment expanded meso- caudad, in length about equal to the fourth segment; sixth segment simple, slightly shorter than the first proximal segment; seventh seg- ment two-thirds the length of the sixth, somewhat expanded caudad ; eighth segment slightly shorter than the seventh ; ninth segment shorter than the eighth, compressed, carinate dorsad, narrowly emarginate caudad; supra-anal plate with the angulate tip alone visible; cerci compressed, tapering, blunt, the length about two-thirds that of the ninth dorsal segment; subgenital opercule boat-shaped, carinate in the distal half, lanceolate, acute, not exceeding the tips of the cerci. Limbs multicarinate, robust. Cephalic femora about as long as the mesono- tum, compressed, basal flexure very marked and abrupt, the two prominent dorsal and single ventral carina lamellato-carinate; cephalic tibize about equal to the femora in length and with three lamellate carine ; tarsi with the proximal joint slightly longer than the remaining joints. Median femora slightly shorter than the metanotum, the two 19 278 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, ventral lamellate carinee each with a prominent proximal and distal rounded foliaceous lobe, the dorso-cephalic carina also with a low proximal lobe; median tibize about as long as the femora, the ventral carine lamellate, but no lobes present; median tarsi with the proximal joint about equal to the remaining joints. Caudal femora as long as the proximal two and a half abdominal segments, in structure similar to the median but with the dorsal lobe even smaller; caudal tibis shghtly longer than the femora, in structure similar to the median tibize but slightly slenderer; caudal tarsi with the proximal joint distinctly but not greatly longer than the remaining Joints. General color Prout’s brown obscurely marked on the head and limbs with bistre, the femoral lobes and extremities of the median and caudal tibis decidedly bistre; antennse wood brown sprinkled with the general color. Measurements. Ienethtofibodyans = 0 98-2 2 eee eel OL. ILemveqi OF joo, 5 5 5 8 5 5 ok ll! DO L ength of mesonotum, .. ea ix Length of metanotum (including median s seg ment), 50 24) Som LOTS Length omeephalie femunee = 2. i eee eee Omi Length Olmedian demas se ous: <1 i) he aes ene ncs lcm Length Guecnwokilktaomige 5° Bee 2 6 5 oo « o Wea“ The type is unique. OLCYPHIDES Griffini. Olcyphides fasciatus (Gray). 1835. Plhasma] fasciatum Gray, Synopsis Phasm., p. 24. [Brazil.] One female (sex ?). This individual is broken, but I presume it isa female. The original description, while very brief, sums up the chief diagnostic characters of the species. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 279 DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW SPECIES OF ORTHOPTERA FROM TONKIN. BY JAMES A. G. REHN. PHASMID 4. Phryganistria grandis n. sp. Type: o&; Tonkin, Indo-China. [A. N.S. Phila.] Allied to P. sarmentosa Westwood from Sylhet, but differing in the larger size, the greater number of medium-sized spines on the ventral margins of the median and caudal femora, and the presence of a strong distal spine on each of the same margins, as well as the proportionately slenderer abdomen. Size very large; form very slender; surface glabrous. Head about equal to the pronotum in length, somewhat narrowed caudad, and with the caudal section of the occiput with four longitudinal subparallel impressed lines; eyes rather prominent, globose; ocelli absent; antennze when extended caudad reaching nearly to the caudal margin of the second abdominal segment, first antennal joint moderately depressed. Pronotum distinctly longer than broad; cephalic margin slightly arcuate-emarginate, caudal margin subtruncate; transverse depression slightly bent caudad in the middle, a faint trace of a longitudinal de- pression in the cephalic section, none in the caudal section. Mesono- tum but little shorter than the metanotum, median segment and first segment of the abdomen nearly seven times the length of the pronotum, subequal except in the caudal fourth where it is slightly and gradually expanded. Metanotum (including median segment) slightly more than two-thirds the length of the mesonotum; median segment slightly less than a third the length of the remainder of the metanotum; cephalic half subequal, evenly expanding in the caudal half. Abdo- men exceeding the head and thoracic segments in length by more than the length of the head, as a whole subequal in width, the slight enlargement of the segments at their articulation with con- tiguous segments giving the abdomen the appearance of a sec- tion of bamboo; first segment very slightly“longer than the head and pronotum together, second and third subequal and slightly longer than the first, fourth and fifth subequal and slightly longer than the second and third, sixth segment two-thirds the length of the fifth, 280 — Reena gna a ee ang. ners od = he. Fie. 1.—Phryganist Dorsal view of half natural size.) united ; arolia present. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, RESET et (Ageia! oa MEN ae Nee ria grandis male type. n. sp. (One- seventh segment about half the length of the sixth, compressed and deep, eighth segment com- pressed, as deep as and slightly shorter than the seventh seg- ment, ninth segment with its extreme length about equal to the seventh and eighth united, strongly compressed, tec- tate and carinate dorsad, bear- ing two lateral digitiform pro- cesses which enclose a deep V-shaped emargination, the pro- cesses being rounded distad and bearing a number of short re- curved spines on their inner faces; cerci slender, simple, strongly curved distad; sub- genital opercule extending to the apex of the eighth dorsal segment, not produced, the dis- tal margin straight, the dorsal margin rounded-angulate, the ventro-caudal angle blunt-rec- tangulate. Cephalic femora slightly longer than the head, pro- and mesonotum, somewhat compressed, multicarinate, basal flexure short but very distinct, dorso-cephalic margin with a number (14 to 18) of rather irregularly distributed spines; cephalic tibiee considerably ex- ceeding the femora in length, as long as the six proximal ab- dominal segments in length, very slender and with the mar- gins unarmed ; cephalic metatarsi distinctly longer than the re- maining segments of the tarsi Median femora in length equal to the 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 281 mesonotum and half of the pronotum, rather robust, strongly carinate, the dorsal carinse with afew short spines on each but the caudal with a greater number than the cepha- lic, ventral margins with a series of strong spines, 12 to 14 in number, in addition to which is placed distad a very strong acute spine, the _ = * genicular lobes are spiniform and the ventral ,,;, qidisn.epo las face bears a median longitudinal series of 6 or 7 _ teral view of the apex fine spines; median tibie very slightly longer Neto aoe eae than the femora, slightly curved proximad, all the margins spined but the ventrals with a much greater number than the dorsals; metatarsi about equal to the remain- ing tarsal joints, all more robust than in the cephalic imbs. Caudal femora reaching nearly to the apex of the fourth abdominal segment, dorsal margins with very few spines, ventral margins armed as the median femora, the large distal spine and genicular lobes similar in form, and the lateral series numbering 16 to 17 spines, the median ventral series 9 to 10 in number; caudal tibie similar to the median in structure but longer; caudal metatarsi distinctly longer than the remaining tarsal joints. Generla color ferruginous, pale on the head and distad on the abdo- men, the greater portion of the mesothorax and the cephalic section of the metathorax wood brown, the former washed with malachite green. Antenne blackish brown. Ventro-lateral margins of the median and caudal femora dull oil green; spines tipped with black. Measurements. enethsoisbodyers= 2) 5 er) ce Se. | ee 6 ee LOS) mmf eneihnomheadsss 8): LS ee SOE ee aby vee wenmthyokpronotums; = =) 4) LPS uae see oe 7) Length of mesonotum, . . Sor tn. Length of metanotum (including median segment), Oe as Se Length OlgcephalicaemUr ae. ne 4.) 0 Ae cones eee Spee Length Ormedianitemury a 25 Sf) 6 ie an emumerd Qi5pace Wenruhholcaudalbfenaun 2 25 2 Se 7 ee 5 Sine Wenstiotcandalktibiase 2 2 5 9 6 ee, 05a The type only has been examined. TETTIGONIDZ. Chondrodera' maxima n. sp. Type: 2 ; Tonkin, Indo-China?? [A. N. S. Phila.] ‘Tt appears from the literature on this genus that Brunner misinterpreted the shape of the mesosternum and metasternum, and should have placed this genus, in'his revision of the Pseudophylline, under 4 instead of 4 of the Phyllomimi. 2 Some doubt is attached to this locality. 282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, Allied to C. notatipes and C. subvitrea Karsch from West Africa, but differing in the greater size, the deeper lateral lobes of the pronotum, the smaller eye, the differently shaped tegmen and the lesser number of transverse veins in the same. From C. borneensis Brunner it is readily Separated by the presence of a longitudinal spurious vein in the anal field of the tegmen, and in the strongly spined and but slightly ciliate femora. Size moderately large; form generally compressed. Head broad, somewhat flattened cephalad; occiput not elevated, straight, rounded transversely; fastigiam produced, extending slightly beyond the antennal scrobes, acute, moderately sulcate distad; eyes rather small, exserted and quite prominent, subglobose; antennze with the margins of the scrobes touching mesad, first joint large, subeylindrical, joints beyond the second poorly defined, in an incomplete condition extending to the distal third of the tegmen. Pronotum some- what saddle-shaped, the lateral lobes moderately flaring ventrad, surface with a number of blunt tu- bercles; cephalic margin obtuse-angulate with the immediate angle truncate, caudal margin arcuate val D with a slight median emargination; longitudinal poise: arp median sulcus distinct, precurrent, bearing in its de- sp. Dorsal viewof pression a blunt median carina on the prozona aer pronotum. — (proper) and metazona, on the latter becoming more > conspicuous caudad by the shallower character of the sulcus; median suleus flanked through nearly its entire length by a pair of series of rather irregularly placed tubercles; sulci separating the prozona, mesozona and metazona very distinct and deep, the meso- 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 283 metazonal one particularly heavy; lateral portions of the caudal mar- gins of the disk somewhat elevated; lateral lobes slightly longer than deep, caudal margin with a distinct but shallow elytral sinus, ventral margin sinuate obtuse-angulate, the margin supplied with low tubercles which are the terminations of low subobsolete ridges radiating from a point on the ventral section of the lateral lobes. Prosternum unarmed. Mesosternum distinctly but not greatly transverse, the foramina large and well separated. Metasternum strongly transverse, the cephalic margin slightly broader than the mesosternum, caudal section regularly narrowed, the foramina nearer the caudal margin, transverse and con- nected by a rather broad suleus. Tegmen rather coriaceous in texture, the greatest width (excluding the anal field) contained slightly more than three times in the length; dorsal outline when viewed laterally (excluding the horizontal anal field) nearly straight, costal margin slightly arcuate cephalad, strongly arcuate distad; apex dorsad and rather narrowly rounded, costal field with a distinct rounded proximal lobe; costal field with the mediastine vein short, oblique, anterior radial vein sending nine principal oblique rami to the costal margin, the most of which are bifureate in the distal portion of their length; radial ramus issuing distinctly but not greatly proximad of the middle of the tegmen, the area between this and the posterior radial vein with six principal transverse veins, which enclose areas roughly quad- rate in shape; anterior ulnar vein undulate, reaching to the apex of the tegmen, the area between the radial ramus and this vein having five principal transverse veins; area between the two ulnar veins with seven principal transverse veins; anal area narrow but continued to very near the apex of the tegmen, and bearing in addition to one principal precurrent though erratic longitudinal vein several others of similar character in the proximal section, short transverse veins numerous. Wings in repose reaching almost to the tips of the tegmina. Abdomen moderately compressed ; supra-anal plate slightly longitudinal, rounded, the apex emarginate and a shallow longitudinal median depression is present on the proximal half, ciliate; ovipositor about twice as long as the pronotum, heavy, hardly curved, the dorsal margin nearly straight and with a slight basal emargination, ventral margin regularly arcuate, apex acute, dorsal margin and short distal section of the ven- tral margin finely serrate; subgenital plate short, transverse trigonal, the apex with a V-shaped emiargination. Cephalic femora about as long as the head and pronotum, carinate, the ventral margins with four to six blunt spines; cephalic tibie slightly longer than the femora, bullze perforate and expanded on both sides, dorsal carine with one 284 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, short spine on the caudal, ventral carine both with a number (6 to 7) of short spines; tarsi with the third joint very broad. Median femora about as long as the cephalic, more compressed, deeper, ventro-cephalic margin strongly carinate and armed with five short spines, ventro- caudal margin armed with a number of very small spines, the margin not strongly carinate like the ventro-cephalic; median tibie slightly longer than the femora, compressed, carinate, ventral margins armed with seven small spines. Caudal femora not quite half the length of the tegmen, moderately compressed, and considerably inflated in the proximal half, cephalic face bearing two longitudinal depressions, ven- tro-cephalic margin lamellate and armed with ten or eleven flattened spines, which are small proximad and increase to a considerable size distad ; caudal tibizee about equal to the femora in length, compressed, carinate, the dorso-cephalic margin armed with four short spines, the dorso-caudal with twelve to fourteen larger lamellate spines, the ventral margins with about seven rather small spines on each margin. General color very dull canary yellow, becoming saffron yellow on the limbs. Head touched with saffron yellow; eyes walnut brown; antenne with widely placed annuli of walnut brown. Pronotum with the median longitudinal area faintly washed with lilac. Tegmina with the principal transverse veins bordered and touched with patches and lines of wine purple, the proximal portion of the sutural margin faintly washed with the same color. Ovipositor clay-color, the distal half and the entire ventral margin seal brown. Limbs with the spines either wholly or in part black. Measurements. Length of body (exclusive of ovipositor),. . . . . . 43 mm. Desa Gi ORONO, st 3 Es] (Sonne Greatest width (ventral) of pronotum, . . OSS Ol pWengthvot tesmens =) ye wee ee eee ons Cie Siayahdaoyianeraanyy 2 5 5 5 Ge = « «a 5 A) & LGA OVC OEM sae Me 6 5 9S 5 5 5 6 5 Ae IMAGO Owe, 5s 2 6 2 « 6 o o o « o Ihe The type only has been examined. Anabropsis* tonkinensis n. sp. Type: 2 ; Than-Moi, Tonkin, June-July. (Frihstorfer.) [A. N.S. Phila. ] : Allied to A. frater (Brunner),‘ supposed to be from India, but differ- 3 Schenobates of authors, cf. Rehn, Canad. Entom., X XXIII, p. 272, 1901. * Verhandl. K. K. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX XVIII, p. 275. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 285 ing in the smaller size and the fewer spines on the margins of the caudal tibiz, ten instead of fourteen in number. Brunner’s species is very briefly described and based on a male, but the specimen in hand differs in the lesser length of the body and of the caudal femora and tibiz, as well as the fewer tibial spines. Size rather large (compared with American species of the genus); form somewhat compressed ; surface entirely glabrous, polished. Head short and broad, occiput rounding toward the fastigium and bearing a very slight median longitudinal sulcus, which is continued nearly to Fie. 5.—Anabropsis tonkinensis n. sp. Lateral view of type. (About x 2.) the extremity of the compressed fastigium, which latter is separated from the vertex by a broad and shallow depression; frontal fastigium touching the fastigium of the vertex; paired ocelli large, placed on the lateral faces of the fastigium, median ocellus placed closer to the apex of the facial fastigium than to the clypeal margin; eyes ovoid, flattened cephalad, slightly prominent ; antennal serobes little elevated, proximal and second antennal joints subcylindrical, the second considerably smaller than the first, remainder of the antenne slender, moniliform, 286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, about twice the length of the body, the third joint slightly longer than the proximal and second joint together. Mandibles, clypeus and lab- rum large and produced as is usual in the genus; palpi large, with the first and second joints subequal, the third slightly longer than the others and distinctly longer than the labrum. Pronotum hardly arched longitudinally, distinetly arched transversely ; cephalic margin truncate, caudal margin arcuato-truncate; lateral lobes very greatly longer than deep, the greatest depth in the cephalic section; no median carina pre- sent, but an extremely fine median sulcus extends the whole length of the pronotum; distinct transverse sulci two in number, one near the cephalic margin, the other slightly caudad of the middle and extend- ing cephalo-laterad of the axis of the pronotum and forming oblique broad depressed areas on the lateral lobes. Tegmina very minute, not half as long as the exposed lateral portion of mesonotum, pad-like. Mesonotum, metanotum and abdominal segments provided dorsad with a slight but distinct median carina, laterad the distal section of each segment is provided with a number of short welt-like ridges. Supra-anal plate small, trigonal, depressed with the margins elevated ; ovipositor rather short and weak, slightly arcuate, tapering, apex moderately acute, margins unarmed. Prosternum with a pair of very long spines, nearly erect, the tips needle-like; mesosternum with a pair of similar spines, which, however, are shorter and broader than those on the prosternum; metasternum with a pair of blunt triangular lobes. Cephalic femora moderately compressed, slightly longer than the pronotum, margins and genicular lobes unarmed; cephalic tibie slightly longer than the femora, dorsal margins each with a distal spine and the cephalic with one median one, ventral margins each with five spines, the proximo-caudal small, as is also the proximo-dorsal; cephalic tarsi very slightly more than half the length of the tibie, arolia absent. Median femora equal to the cephalic in length and unarmed ; median tibie very slightly longer than the femora, armed on the dorso-cephalic margin with three spines and on the dorso-caudal with four spines, the ventral margins each armed with five spines. Caudal femora slightly shorter than the length of the body, strongly inflated in the proximal two-thirds, the distal third subequal, pagina sculptured with a regular series of clear-cut oblique lines, caudo- ventral margin with five to seven short spines on the distal section; caudal tibie about as long as the femora, dorsal margins each armed with ten fixed spines, ventral margins armed with three short mobile spines on the cephalic margin and one on the caudal margin, while three pairs of distal spurs are present, the proximal being very large 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 287 on each margin and spiniform; caudal tarsi with the distal joint about equal to the proximal in length. General color dorsad seal brown, ventrad including the limbs pale orange-ochraceous. Head solid color dorsad, ventrad of the dorsal color laid over cream-buff, the facial fastigium clear cream-buff; mouth parts, except clypeus, of the ventral color; eyes broccoli brown; anten- ne of the ventral color except for the three proximal segments which maculate or suffuse with seal brown. Pronotum slightly sprinkled with buffy laterad. Abdomen with the welt-like ridges buffy, as are also the styles and ovipositor. Cephalic and median femora strongly blotched and suffused with seal brown distad ; median and caudal tibie with proximal section washed with seal brown. Caudal femora with the pagina sprinkled with seal brown, the carina immediately ventrad of the pagina strongly blotched with the same in the proximal two- thirds and the genicular lobes and arches of the same color; caudal tibixe with the genicular region touched with seal brown. All spines and spurs narrowly tipped with seal brown. Measurements. Length of body (exclusive of geapoeel) ee eee Somme Length ofantenne,. . . ine ee ae , One, GR Length of pronotum, Series 5: re ae SOS Length ofcaudalfemur,, . . . .. . . 5 eae Length of ovipositor, Sole The type alone has been examined. Diestrammena longipes n. sp. Type: oc’; Than-Moi, Tonkin. June-July. (H. Frihstorfer.) [A. N.S. Phila.] Allied to D. unicolor Brunner ® from Siberia, China and Tenasserim, but differing in the very much longer limbs and the very marked colora- tion. Size rather large; body in life probably covered in the greater part with golden scales, of which traces remain. Head short, broad and deep; occiput slightly rounded into the fastigium, which is short, rather broad, deeply sulcate and bifureate; frontal fastigium low, separated from the fastigium of the vertex by a considerable space; ocelli small; eye ovate, flattened cephalad, moderately prominent, considerably shorter than the infra-ocular portion of the genze; antennal scrobes not elevated, proximal joint short subcylindrical, second joint smaller, sub- cylindrical, remainder moniliform, very nearly five and one-half times 5 Verhandl. K. K. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX XVIII, p. 299. 288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, the length of the body; mandibles, clypeus and labrum moderately prolonged; palpi long and slender, the proximal joint quite short, the second and third longer and subequal, the distal slender, gradually enlarging, over half again as large as the second. Pronotum arched transversely and with faint indications of lateral shoulders; cephalic margin truncate, caudal margin subtruncate; lateral lobes slightly longer than deep, the cephalic section of the margin oblique, mesad cae oN Fic. 6.—Diestrammena longipes n. sp. Lateral view of type. (X 2.) with a rounded obtuse angle and caudad with the same, the caudal mar- gin itself nearly straight. Mesonotum with the caudal margin obtuse- angulate; metanotum very slightly obtuse-angulate. Abdomen slightly tectate; cerci styliform, slightly shorter than the pronotum. Cephalic femora very slightly longer than the head and thoracic segments, armed on the ventro-cephalic margin with three spines and on the 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 289 cephalic genicular lobe with one; cephalic tibize equal to the femora in length, unarmed dorsad except for a short distal spine on the caudal margin, ventral margins each armed with two mobile spines, the distal ventral margin with one short median spine, spurs two in number, comparatively short, subequal; cephalic tarsi compressed, two-thirds the length of the tibize, metatarsi slightly longer than the remaining joints, distal joint much slenderer than the others, arolia absent. Median femora very slightly shorter than the head and thoracic segments, ventro-cephalic margin with a single spine in the distal section, ventro-caudal margin unarmed, both genicular lobes with large mobile spines, that of the cephalic lobe slightly shorter than the other; median tibiz somewhat longer than the femora, the ventral margin with four paired spines and one median one on the distal mar- gin, spurs rather short, the caudal the longer and that not more than a third the length of the metatarsus; tarsi similar to the cephalic. Caudal femora elongate, nearly half again as long as the body, consid- erably inflated in the proximal half, slender in the distal half with a slight genicular enlargement, ventro-cephalic face of the proximal inflated portion with several deep longitudinal impressions, the cephalic ventral carina much lower than the caudal, which is moderately lamellate, cephalic armed with ten spines in the distal section, the caudal armed with sixteen spines in the distal two-thirds, genicular lobes each with a very short mesad spine; caudal tibize slightly longer than the femora compressed, ventral margins unarmed, dorso-cepha- lic margin with thirty-two fixed spines, dorso-caudal with thirty, spurs in three pairs, the dorsal much the larger and with the caudal one slightly longer than the cephalic and but little shorter than the metatarsus; caudal tarsi similar to the others in structure but slightly larger and more robust. General color mars brown, the caudal margins of the thoracic and abdominal segments rather irregularly and broadly marked with seal brown, the median sections of the segments, however, being clear or nearly clear mars brown, while the mesonotum and metanotum bear irregular touches of sulphur yellow. Face ventrad of the eyes and of the antenne touched with vandyke brown; eyes walnut brown; anten- nee seal brown, the proximal joints paler and maculate with seal brown, joints beyond the second with two characters of annulations of lemon yellow, a broad annulation and a number of narrow annulations be- tween each broad one, both characters of annulations becoming distant distad. Limbs with the base color straw yellow with a faint touch of lavender on the proximal portions of the femora, all strongly annulate 290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF “[May, with clove brown, the number of annuli on the caudal limbs being four principal ones on the femur, five on the tibia and two on the tarsus. Measurements. engthvotbodiy,% (2) ) iain ee re aoe . 2125 mms Length of antenna, : ey oe (Circa oli. Length of distal joint of the palpus Ge Length of caudal femur, Paifss) Length of caudal tibia, ZO The type is unique. Diestrammena palpata n. sp. Type: co; Than-Moi, Tonkin. June-July. (H. Friihstorfer.) [A. N.S. Phila.] Alhed to D. unicolor Brunner and D. longipes described above, but differing from D. unicolor in the much longer limbs as is the case with D. longipes, from which palpata differs in the very long palpi and the different coloration. Size rather large; form somewhat compressed. Head with the occi- put descending to the fastigium which is short and deeply, but very narrowly, divided; facial fastigium separated from the fastigium of the vertex by a considerable space; eye elongate subreniform ; antenne over five times the length of the body, the proximal joint large, subeylin- drical, second joint small and very short, remaining joints moniliform; palpi very slender, elongate, first and second joints short, third and fourth quite long, subequal, fifth very long, over half again as long as the fourth. Pronotum rounded transversely; cephalic margin sub- truncate, caudal margin slightly projecting, roundly obtuse-angulate, no lateral angles present; lateral lobes slightly longer than deep, the ventral margin bluntly obtuse-angulate. Mesonotum distinctly obtuse- angulate caudad; metanotum with the caudal margin very slightly arcuate. Abdomen compressed. Cephalic femora somewhat longer than the head and thorax, slender, very slightly expanded proximad, but otherwise subequal, ventral margins unarmed, cephalic genicular lobe with a very short fixed spine, caudal genicular lobe with a long mobile spine; cephalic tibiz very slightly longer than the femora, unarmed dorsad, ventral margins with four paired spines and one median one on the distal border, principal spurs considerably shorter than the large genicular spine on the cephalic femora; cephalic tarsi considerably more than half the length of the tibiew, compressed, the metatarsus shghtly more than half the tarsal length, arolia absent. Median femora distinctly but not greatly shorter than the cephalic femora, similar in structure but with a large mobile spine on the cepha_ 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 291 lic genicular lobe, in length, however, shorter than that on the caudal lobe; median femora and tibiz as in the cephalic limbs but shorter. Caudal femora elongate, slightly more than twice the length of the median, considerably inflated in the proximal half, cephalic ventral margin unarmed, caudal margin with a number of spines, closely Fie. 7.—Diestrammena palpata n, sp. Lateral view of type. (xX 2.) placed proximad, sparsely distributed distad; caudal tibie slightly longer than the femora, dorsal margins with thirty to thirty-four fixed spines, dorsal spurs very large, the caudal as long as the metatarsus; metatarsi about as long as the remaining tarsal joint. General color burnt umber, meso-dorsal region suffused with clove brown. Eyes vandyke brown; antenne annulate much as D. longipes, but the color is duller, the larger annulations narrower and the smaller 292 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [May, ones more numerous; palpi dark except the distal jot which is pale. Cephalic and median limbs cream-buff, proximal three-fourths of the femora obscurely maculate with mummy brown, a clear light pregen- icular annulus present, genicular region of the femora and tibie seal brown, remainder of tibize of the pale ground color. Caudal femora cream buff overlaid and mottled with burnt umber proximad and clove brown distad; caudal tibise, except for a certain amount of scattered proximal clove brown maculation, cream buff, spines tipped with dark brown, extreme distal portion of the tibize and caudal margins of the tarsal joints washed with seal brown. ; Measurements. ILEANA > o o « oS a Oe ee oe og o 9 lk ite, Length of antenna,. . > 5 2 oe ecirea es 120 mes Length of distal joint of the palpus +E ae Ml abe ede nS Sms Length of caudalfemur, . . 30 gf ae er ia Oe Leneth Ofcaudalitibiay. 6 a «a .. -e eee sO! oee The type is the only specimen examined. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 293 FURTHER KNOWLEDGE OF SOME HETEROGNATHOUS FISHES. PART I. BY HENRY W. FOWLER. In this paper I have attempted to arrange systematically the Heter- ognathi contained in the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. This group is largely made up of collections formed by John Hauxwell, James Orton and H. H. Smith. Nearly all of Cope’s typical specimens, besides a number of comparatively rare or obscurely defined species, are represented. Owing to the increase in knowledge of the vast fresh-water ichthyic fauna of South America, it is believed that further detailed information concerning rare, nominal or species only known from the original specimens will be weleomed. ERYTHRINIDZ. Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch). Macrodon trahira Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soe. Phila., XI 1869-70 (August 19, 1870), p. 566. Pebas. John Hauxwell. Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (January 16, 1872), p. 257. Ambyiacu River. John Hauxwell. Cope, Proce. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 694. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Macrodon tareira Cope, l.c., XX XIII, 1894 (January 5), p. 84. Brazilian province of Rio Grande do Sul. H. H. Smith. A series of 28 examples represented by those in the Hauxwell and Orton collections from the Ambyiacu and Peruvian Amazons, and the H. H. Smith collection from Rio Grande do Sul, also others from Bahia, Rio das Vehlas and Surinam. They show: Head 23 to 34; depth 32 to 52; D.1ror ur, 101 to 121, mostly 111, and only rarely 101 or 121; A.1ror m1, 8 ror 91, most always 8 I, or only rarely 91; scales 36 to 42 in lateral line to base of caudal, with 2 to 4 more on latter; 6 scales obliquely back from origin of dorsal to lateral line, only rarely 5; between lateral line and base of ventral 5 or 6 scales, usually 5; 15 to 19 seales before dorsal; snout 4 to 44 in head, measured from tip of upper jaw; eye 41 to 8; maxillary 13 to 27; interorbital 34 to 44; total length of body 24 to 124 inches. OPHIOCEPHALOPS subgen. nov. Type Erythrinus uniteniatus Agassiz. Dorsal fin rounded or posterior rays not elevated. (Oets, serpent; kegad7, head; 4d, appearanee.) 20 294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {June, Erythrinus uniteniatus Agassiz. Erythrinus salmoneus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soe. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 694. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Head 3 to 34; depth 3? to 43; D. 1, 81; A. 11, 71 to 11, 91, usually 8 1tand rarely 7 1 or 91; scales 30 to 32 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 3 to 6 more on latter; 4 scales between origin of dorsal and lateral line, rarely 5; 4 scales between lateral line and ventral; 13 or 14 scales before dorsal, usually 14; snout 3? to 4 in head, measured from tip of upper jaw; eye 5 to 72; maxillary 2 to 21; interorbital space 24 to 3; total length 4 to 12 inches. In all 7 examples from the upper Amazons, Surinam and Paramaribo. Subgenus ERYTHRINUS Scopoli. Dorsal fin angular or pointed, and some of posterior rays elevated. Erythrinus erythrinus (Schneider). Erythrinus brevicanda Cope, Proce. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XI, 1869-70: (August 19, 1870), p. 566. Pebas. John Hauxwell. Erythrinus brevicauda Cope, l.c., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 694. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Head 3 to 34; depth 3? to 5; D. u, 71 to 91, rarely 7 or 8; A. m1, 8 1; scales 29 to 32 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 3 or 4 more on latter; 4 seales between origin of dorsal and lateral line obliquely back; 3 or 4 seales between lateral line and ventral; 14 to 16 scales before dorsal; snout 35 to 4 in head, measured from tip of upper jaw; eye 44 to 6%; interorbital space 24 to 2%; total length of body 3 to 94 inches. In all 10 examples from the Orton and Hauxwell collections. One example shows the depressed ventral reaching a trifle beyond origin of anal. Pyrrhulina leta (Cope). Fig. 1. Holotaxis letus Cope, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (January 16, 1872), p. 257. Type No. 8,029, A.N.S.P. Ambyiacu River. John Hauxwell. As it is in such poor preservation I am forced to omit a number of notes of value. It may be said however beyond dispute that there are two distinct or well developed bands of teeth in the upper jaw. The accompanying figure will portray such information as is possible to make out from the specimen with the assistance of the original account. COPEINA gen. nov. Type Pyrrhulina argyrops Cope. Teeth in upper jaw uniserial, otherwise close to Pyrrhulina. (Named for the late Prof. Edward Drinker Cope, who studied most of the fishes included in this paper.) 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 295 Fig. 1.—Pyrrhulina leta (Cope). Copeina argyrops (Cope). Fig. 2. Pyrrhulina argyrops Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 694. Nos. 21,441 (type) and 21,442, A. N.S. i cotypes. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. of 1877. About 11? scales (according to pockets) before dorsal; width of head 1% in its length; interorbital space 24. Edges of body rounded. Head broadly depressed or flattened above and becoming somewhat constricted below. Snout broadly flattened above. Surface or man- Fig. 2.—Copeina argyrops (Cope). 296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, dible well convex. Teeth conic, a little large, uniserial in upper jaw and biserial in lower, though none on maxillary or on roof of mouth. Tongue a little slender or elongate, tip rounded and free. Gill- opening extending forward about opposite front rim of pupil. Rakers 7+10?, lanceolate, a little shorter than filaments which are 3 of orbit. Isthmus rather narrowly triangular. Hach scale with a number of radiating strie. Color in alcohol plain brown. Upper portion of dorsal more or less blackish with a narrow pale margin. Iris rather brassy. Length 2,7, inches (caudal a little damaged). CHARACIDA. CURIMATIN. Curimatella meyeri (Steindachner). Fig. 3. Head 32; depth about 4; D. 1v, 9; A. m1, 8; scales (according to pockets) about 38? in lateral line to base of caudal, and about 5? more on latter; between origin of dorsal and lateral line, obliquely forward, about 5?, and about same number between lateral line and origin of ventral; about 16? scales before dorsal; snout 34 in head; eye 34; Fig. 3.—Curimatella meyeri (Steindachner). width of mouth 4; maxillary 43; interorbital space 2}; least depth of caudal peduncle 3. Apparently no rakers. Caudal at present with few scales and these mostly fallen. The color in alcohol, probably due to preservation, is faded brown. This may also account for the ab- sence of spots on the scales of the back. One example (with damaged caudal), 32 inches. Peru. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. 1873. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 297 Curimatella alburnus (Miller and Troschel). Head 33; depth 23; D. mt, 9,1; A. m1, 9, 1; scales 33 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 2 or 3 more on latter; 6 scales obliquely back from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 5 scales between lateral line and origin of ventral; 5 scales between lateral line and origin of anal; snout 33 in head ; eye 34; maxillary 3; interorbital space 21; pectoral 14; ventral 17s. Caudal peduncle deep, compressed, and length about + of least depth. Upper profile convex from occiput to dorsal, and keel only a little distinct just before dorsal, also an indistinct keel on each side. Post- dorsal region rounded, with a median and a lateral keel on each side, all indistinct. Same also continued behind adipose dorsal. Post- ventral region with distinct median keel and a rather indistinct keel on each side converging toward anal. Snout convex, both surface and profile, and upper profile of head straight. Rakers small or minute weak filaments (mostly damaged). Origin of dorsal falling in vertical about midway between tip of snout and posterior basal margin of adipose fin. Third simple dorsal ray longest, longer than head, or about 4 of head and trunk. First branched anal ray appa- rently longest, 12 in head. Pectoral reaching 2 of space to ventral. Ventral extending 3 of space to anal. Length (with damaged caudal) 53 inches. A single example, most likely from Dr. Hering’s collection, and taken in Surinam?, rather than ‘‘Curimatus spec. indet.’’ Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XI, 1869-70 (August 19, 1870), p. 566, from Pebas, Hauxwell Coll. CYPHOCHARAX subgen. nov. Type Curimatus spilurus Giinther. Back well elevated, or hunched, anteriorly. Scales large, in even longitudinal series which slope a little from head posteriorly. (Kdges, gibbous or hunched; yéea=,an old name used by Gronow for the typical genus of this family and first introduced by Scopoli.) Curimata spilura (Giinther). Fig. 4. Curimatus spilurus Cope, Proe. Amer. Philos. Soe. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 684. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. of 1873. Interorbital space 22 in head. Predorsal region trenchant, not grooved, and anterior dorsal profile of body steep. Gill-rakers not evident and scales not serrate. The example figured most likely from Nauta. Also three others which do not vary except that the hump, or elevated back, seems to be a little less in height than in the smaller ones. This agrees fairly well with Dr. Giinther’s account, though the 298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, head would differ as it is said to be 33 to 4 in the body without caudal. The pectoral is apparently shorter in my examples. The closely related forms, Curimata spiluropsis (Eigenmann and Eigenmann) and Curimata dorsale (Eigenmann and Eigenmann), do not appear to differ markedly. In fact it is not difficult to discover most of the characters assigned to each by Dr. and Mrs. Eigenmann in Fig. 4.—Curimata spilura (Ginther). the examples before me. Under Curimatus spilurus these writers state that the predorsal region is depressed or grooved till near the dorsal fin. ‘This I am unable to determine. STEINDACHNERINA subgen. nov. Type Curimatus trachystethus Cope. This group comprises those species of Curimata with the postventral region rounded, or with an obtuse median keel, and the back normal or not hunched as in Cyphocharax. Scales in most species finely ser- rate. (Dedicated to Dr. Franz Steindachner, of the Royal Academy of 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 299 Natural Sciences of Vienna, as a slight recognition of his thoroughly excellent contributions to Ichthyology.) Curimata trachystethus (Cope). Fig. 5. Curimatus trachystethus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 684. No. 21,470, A.N.S.P., type. Peruvian Amazon, probably from Pebas. Prof. J. Ortom. Coll. of 1877. Width of head 1¢ in its length; width of mouth 32; interorbital space 22. Body well compressed. Head convexly restricted below and broad above. Snout broad and obtuse in profile when viewed from above. Mouth broad. Jaws and lips thin. Mandibular angle very obtuse and with a little protuberance at symphysis fitting in a depres- sion in front of upper jaw. ‘Tongue a little narrow, median, rather Fig. 5.—Curimata trachystethus (Cope). far back, and little free in front. Interorbital space broadly convex and more or less flattened medianly. Gill-opening large and extending | forward till about opposite posterior margin of pupil. No rakers. Filaments a trifle more than half of orbit. Isthmus rather broadly triangular. A short pointed scaly flap in axil of pectoral. Predorsal region with a median rounded keel. Postdorsal region rounded. Pre- ventral region flattened. Postyentral region with a median obtuse 300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, keel and a similar one on each side. Color at present in alcohol pale greenish-brown, due most likely to preservative. Back a little darker. Fins all plain, except dorsal, which is marked with a large blackish blotch nearer bases of median rays. Iris deep brown. Length 4$ inches (caudal damaged). Cope’s statements that ‘‘the depth at the front of the dorsal fin is one-third the length of the caudal’’ and ‘‘the length of the head is one- fourth the same’’ are impossible. He evidently intended to refer to the body. Curimata gilbert Quoy and Gaimard. Curimatus gilbertii Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XX XIII, 1894 (January 5). p. 93. Many examples from the Brazilian province of Rio Grande do Sul, probably at Sao Joio. H. H. Smith Coll. All have the dark caudal spot evident, and in the larger ones it is very distinct. In some small ones it is preceded laterally and medianly, by an irregular series of small blackish spots of uneven size. In others this is connected by a dusky streak, fading out anteriorly and enclosing the lateral line. In fact the species shows considerable color variation. Also a large uniformly colored example from Campos, Brazil. The proportions, ete., of all the examples range as follows: Head 3 to 3§; depth 22 to 3; D. 11, 9; A. 11, 7, 1; scales 33 to 38 in lateral line to base of caudal and 3 or 4 continued on the latter; 6 or 7 scales, usually 6, obliquely back from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 6 scales obliquely between lateral line and origin of ventral; 14 to 16 scales before dorsal ; total length of specimens ranging from 2} to St inches. PELTAPLEURA subgen. nov. Type Salmo cyprinoides Linnzeus. Scales on costal region enlarged, much larger than elsewhere on body, and converging posteriorly so as to form even series with the others. (léizq4, a small light shield, here used with reference to the scales; zievpa, the side or rib.) Curimata cyprinoides (Linnzus). Fig. 6. Curimatus cyprinoides Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (1872), p 258. Ambyiacu River, Equador. John Hauxwell. Of 11 examples 4 before me have the squamation fairly perfect. They show the scales in the lateral line ranging from 45 to 48 when 1906. ] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 301 counted to base of caudal, and 4 or 5 more on the latter. The figure is based on the largest of these. 4 Fig. 6.—Curimata cyprinoides (Linneus). Subgenus CURIMATA Cloquet. Postventral region trenchant. Scales small, 51 to 70 in a lateral count, and forming more or less even longitudinal series. In view of the uncertainty of identification of Salmo edentulus Bloch, which is more like the example I shall identify as Curimata schom- burgkii, I have allowed this subgenus to fall with it and related species. Further, its identification with Salmo cyprinoides Linneus may be questioned, and if any credit is attached to Bloch’s figure the scales are a little large. Curimata copei sp. nov. Fig. 7. Head 3; depth 24; D. 11, 9; A. 11, 9,1; P. 1m, 18; V. 11, 9; scales 50? in lateral line to base of caudal (squamation injured), and about 4? more on latter; about 15 scales between origin of dorsal obliquely down to lateral line; about 9 series of scales between lateral line verti- cally to origin of ventral; about 9 scales in a vertical series between lateral line and origin of anal; about 28 scales before dorsal; width of head 275 in its length; depth of head 24; snout 34; eye 34; width of mouth 34; interorbital space 24; base of dorsal 2; least depth of caudal peduncle 23; base of anal 2; ventral (damaged) 1,55. 302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, Body well compressed, greatest depth at origin of dorsal, and back well elevated. Upper anterior profile gibbous or convex. Edge of back rounded. Caudal peduncle compressed, its length about # in least depth. Head rather constricted below, upper surface convex and with a nearly straight profile to occiput. Nuchal region convex. Head of rather even width. Snout broad and obtuse, especially when viewed Fig. 7.—Curimata copei Fowler. from above, and a little produced beyond tip of mandible. Eye large, its center near first 2 in length of head, and a trifle longer than deep. Adipose eyelids a little broad. Mouth broad, a little inferior, and symphysis with a little knob fitting in a depression in upper jaw. Mandibular angle broadly obtuse. Tongue thick, rounded, hardly free in front, and not broad. Nostrils adjoining, superior, a little nearer front of eye than tip of snout and posterior larger. Anterior nostril circular, and with a cutaneous margin. Interorbital space broad, a little elevated, and flattened medianly. Postorbital about equal to preorbital or about size of pupil. First infraorbital a little _ ee int peat » 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. £03 more than half length of second which is long. Preopercle with several distinct flutings. Gill-flap rather narrow. Opercle smooth. Gill-opening extending forward not quite opposite to posterior margin of pupil. Upper cleft of gill-opening extending forward a little more than at a point equal to last 2 in length of head. About 15 + 28? small short rudimentary filamentous-like rakers on first arch. Gill-filaments long, longest about 2 in horizontal orbital diameter. Isthmus nearly forming an equilateral triangle. Scales moderately small, adherent, and forming longitudinal series parallel with lateral line. Scales below lateral line, or those on breast and abdominal region, a little larger than others. Scales passing over ventral carina. No narrow median naked strip from occiput to dorsal, scales passing over. Head naked. Scales on chest a little smaller than those on breast. No scales on dorsals, pectorals and ventrals. Base of caudal with scales, and along basal region of anal. Base of ventral inside with a broad flat scaly flap, and another flap, but narrow and at present equal to about 2 of fin (damaged), placed in axil. No flap in pectoral axilla. Lateral line of simple tubes, continuous, slightly decurved at first and then straight to caudal. Dorsal inserted about midway in vertical between tip of snout and posterior basal margin of adipose fin. Dorsal high, first branched rays evidently highest and others graduated down. Adipose fin well de- veloped and its base about last 2 in space between dorsal and base of caudal. Anal evidently low and its origin a little nearer base of caudal, in vertical, than origin of ventral. Caudal emarginate (damaged), and rays well branched. Pectoral small and low. Ventral inserted about opposite base of second branched dorsal ray, and reaching about 3 of distance to anal (damaged). Vent close in front of anal. Color in aleohol brassy-brown, back with a dull olivaceous tinge. Fins all brownish. Iris deep brown. Length 4% inches. Type, No. 8,201, A.N.S.P. Surinam. Smithsonian Institution. One example, the type. This was long ago considered a new species by Cope. It appears to be closely related to Curimata schomburgkii (Giinther), but differs at once in the deep body, the upper profile of which is more gibbous anteriorly. (Named for Prof. Edward D. Cope.) Curimata schomburgkii (Ginther). Fig. 8. Body well compressed. Edge of back rounded. Caudal peduncle compressed. Head compressed, a little constricted inferiorly, upper surface convex. Nuchal region also convex. Head of rather even 304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, width. Snout broad, blunt when viewed above. Mouth broad and symphysis with a knob fitting in a cavity of wpper jaw. Mandibular angle broadly obtuse. Tongue small, as usual rather far back, flattened, a little thick and only edges free. Interorbital space broad and a little Fig. 8.—Curimata schomburgkii (Ginther). elevated convexly, not especially flattened medianly. Gill-opening forward till not quite opposite posterior margin of pupil. Upper cleft of gill-opening extending forward 2 in length of head. Gill-rakers 10? + 32?, small short rudimentary-like weak filaments. Gill-filaments about 2 in eye. Isthmus a little broad and triangular. Scales more or less adherent, passing over ventral keel and ridge before dorsal. Seales on chest a little smaller than those on breast. Base of ventral inside with a broad scaly flap. Vent close to anal. Color in alcohol brassy-brown. Length 43 inches (caudal damaged). Two examples from Surinam, larger described above. Dr. Hering. The smaller example is in better preservation. It shows: Head 23; depth 22; D. ur, 8; A. m1, 9, 1; scales 54 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 4 more on latter; snout 32 in head; eye 32; pectoral 12; ventral J 1906.3 NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 305 13; upper caudal lobe about 1. Rakers distinct. First branched ray of dorsal longest, and reaching well beyond others, when fin is depressed, or to origin of adipose fin. Adipose fin long, its length along posterior margin but little less than length of its base. Anterior anal rays elevated. Caudal long, deeply forked, and each lobe well pointed. Pectoral long, pointed, and reaching origin of ventral. Ventral long and pointed, and reaching origin of anal. Semitapicis laticeps (Valenciennes). Curimatus altamazonicus Cope, Proce. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 684. Nos. 21,118 (type) to 21,120, A.N.S P., cotypes. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. of 1873. Head 31; depth 22; D. m, 9,1; A. m1, 12,1; P. 1, 16; V. 1, 8; scales about S88 in lateral line to base of caudal (squamation injured), and 6 more on latter; width of head 2% in its length; depth of head 12; snout }; width of mouth 33; interorbital space 24; base of dorsal 27; ; base of anal 2; least depth of caudal peduncle 3; pectoral (damaged) 2; ventral (damaged) 14. No gill-rakers, and filaments 14 in eye. Color in alcohol brown, paler on lower surface or below lateral line. Head dark on top, like back, and sides and under portions pale. Fins all brownish. Eye dusky. Length (caudal damaged) 72 inches. Type. The other cotypes show: Head 3 and 3,5; death 2) se) Os: A. 11, 13, 1; total length of body 64 and 7 inches respectively (caudals damaged), Psectrogaster ciliatus (Miller and Troschel). Curimatus rutiloides Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1871 (1872), p. 258. Ambyiacu River, Equador. John Hauxwell. (Not of Kner.) Curimatus cyprinoides Cope, l.c., p. 291. Between the mouth of the Rio Negro and the Peruvian Amazon or Ucayale River. Robert Perkins. (Not of Linnzus.) Head 3; depth 24; D. 111, 9,1; A. 111, 7, 1; scales 48 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 5 more on latter; 12 scales in an oblique series back from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 9 series of scales obliquely back from origin of ventral to lateral line; 9 series of scales obliquely forward from origin of ventral to lateral line; about 32 scales before dorsal; snout 34 in head; eye 34; width of mouth 32; interorbital space 21; pectoral 12; ventral 12; least depth of caudal peduncle 2%. Rakers none. Gill- flamers none 4 of orbit. Postventral carina well developed, scales strongly pectinate which form it. Scales on body all more or less ctenoid. Upper and lower profiles of body more or less evenly convex. Scales on trunk enlarged anteriorly on middle of side, so that longitudinal series are formed which are more or less parallel with course of lateral line above, and below converging as they 306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, approach caudal. In alcohol brassy-brown with more or less silvery. Back till about level with occiput a dull olive-brown. Upper surface of head brownish. Body mostly washed with silvery. Fins plain brown, and pale like side. Irisbrown. Length 5}inches. This is the largest example. It is from between the mouth of the Rio Negro and the Peruvian Amazon. Robert Perkins. Also another example with same data. These are labelled, evidently in Cope’s handwriting, as ‘“Curimatus cyprinoides v. aff.’’ Besides the above are 5 examples from the Ambyiacu river in the Hauxwell collection. Cope’s label reads ‘‘ Curimatus rutiloides.’’ An examination of the air-vessels of two of these examples shows that it persists nearly as far posteriorly till opposite base of penultimate anal ray. It is thus apparent that Cope may have intended all the ex- amples before me to represent his C. rutiloides, but the original labels in his own handwriting would lead to the above allocating of the references. The form called Psectrogaster amazonica by Dr. and Mrs. Higenmann I cannot distinguish in my examples. Potamorhina pristigaster (Steindachner). Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 685. Peruvian Amazon, probably from Nauta. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. of 1873. Head 3; depth 2 to 24, a little larger in smaller specimen; D. mr, 9; A. 11, 11 to 1m, 13, 1; ventral scutes 22 to 28; scales (squamation damaged) about 90 in lateral line to base of caudal and several more on latter; snout 34 to 3% in head; eye 4¢ to 44; width of mouth 34 to 34; interorbital space 24 to 23; total length of 3 examples 6 to 9 inches (caudal damaged). Anodus elongatus Agassiz. Fig. 9. Anodus steatops Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 683. Nos. 21,498 (type) and 21,499, A. N. 8. P., cotypes. Pebas. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. of 1877. Body rather plump. Head broadly convex above, a little restricted below. Snout when viewed above rather rounded. Edges of jaws not sharp. Lips thin. Rami of mandible well elevated inside mouth. Tongue large, elongate, flattened above, rounded in front and free. Inside mouth upper membrane broad. Interorbital space broadly convex. Gill-opening extending forward to front margin of orbit. Rakers 66? + 100?, long, slender, or very fine and numerous and long- est equal to 1} eye-diameters. On inner edge of first branchial arch also a series shorter in length. Longest filaments nearly equal orbit. Isthmus long, narrow and slender. A triangular naked space extend- ing back on occiput. Edges of body rounded except those of lateral 1906.) NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 307 line. Vent close in front of anal. Color in alcohol dull olive-brown, darker on back, and top of head deep brownish. Fins dull greenish, bases of caudal lobes blackish. A brownish or dusky blotch on several scales about and in lateral line about opposite tip of depressed dorsal. Greenish tints all probably due to the preservative. Iris and adipose eyelid brownish. Length (caudal damaged) 10} inches. Type. In explanation of Cope’s remarks it may be stated that these fishes Fig. 9.—Anodus elongatus Agassiz. agree best with Anodus elongatus Agassiz, a species from which I am unable to separate it. The pectorals and ventrals, although damaged, reach more than half the distance credited. The ventrals are more anterior in position, or originate under the anterior portion of the dorsal, and not opposite its middle. EIGENMANNINA een. nov. Type Anodus melanopogon Cope. Head large, especially opercular apparatus, and upper profile strongly concave. Mandible well produced beyond tip of upper jaw so that mouth is superior. Eye above middle in depth of head. Body heavy anteriorly, and tapering towards caudal. In other respects more or less allied to Anodus. (Named for Dr. Carl H. Eigenmann, of the Chair of Zoology in Indiana University, a well-known authority on South American fishes.) 308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, Eigenmannina melanopogon (Cope). Fig. 10. Anodus melanopogon Cope, Proe. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 682. Nos. 21,227 (type) to 21,232, A. N.S. P., cotypes. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. of 1873. Width of head 34 in its length; interorbital space 44. Body, head and caudal peduncle compressed. Upper surface of head narrow, convex, and lower surface constricted. Snout rounded and convex when seen from above. Jaws more or less flattened or spatulate. Each ramus of mandible well elevated inside of mouth. Lips hardly developed or very thin. Tongue small, narrow, rather thick, fleshy, Vig. 10.—Eigenmannina melanopogon (Cope). and united with floor of mouth by a median fleshy frenum. Upper buceal membrane rather narrow. Interorbital space a little elevated convexly and flattened medianly. Gill-opening large, extending for- ward till a little before front rim of orbit. Vent close in front of anal. Color in alcohol more or less silvery, back brown fading to white on sides and under surface. Top of head brown, sides and lower surface silvered white. Fins pale brownish, dorsal and caudal a trifle darker, and each ray of most fins speckled or spotted rather indistinctly with darker brownish. Iris rather brassy. Length 2% inches (caudal damaged). Type. One example shows 35? + 54? slender rakers, and longest about equals eye or much longer than filaments. With reference to the original description, Cope evidently intended to state that the base of the first dorsal ray was three millimeters nearer the end of the muzzle than the base of the caudal. Both pectorals and ventrals reach more than half way in the spaces stated. Cope evi- dently counts 128 rows of seales from the occipital region, and those on base of caudal. The origin of the ventral is below the bases of ——————$——— Se 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 309 the anterior dorsal rays. Most of rays of the fins are specked with brownish. This species is related to EBigenmannina orinocensis (Steindachner), but differs in the fewer scales, absence of the dark median lateral blotch and the coloration of the caudal. CHILOMYZON subgen. noy. Type Prochilodus steindachneri sp. nov. Scales large, less than 40, usually between 33 and 38 in a lateral count. Mouth disk-like and inferior. Related to Prochilodus Agassiz. (NXethos, lip; #5f, to suck.) Prochilodus steindachneri sp. noy. Fig. 11. Head 34; depth 22; D. 11, 9,1; A. mm, 8, 1; P. 1, 14; V. 1, 8; scales 34 in lateral line to base of caudal and 3 more on latter; about 14 scales Fig. 11.—Prochilodus steindachneri Fowler. before dorsal; 7 scales obliquely back from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 6 scales obliquely forward from origin of ventral to lateral line, and same number in similar count from origin of anal; about 16 scales from isthmus to origin of ventral; 3 scales obliquely back from origin 21 310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, of adipose fin to lateral line; width of head 1% in its length; depth of head 14; snout 33; eye 34; width of mouth 2; interorbital space 275 ; third dorsal ray 14; third anal ray 2; length of pectoral 12; of ventral 4; least depth of caudal peduncle 25. Body deep, compressed, rhomboid in shape, and suggesting certain Cyprinide. Upper profile more or less evenly convex, back elevated, and greatest depth at origin of dorsal. Lower profile at first straight for a good distance, and becoming convex posteriorly. Caudal peduncle compressed, short, and its least depth about equals its length. Head small, compressed or restricted a little below, and upper surface broadly rounded. Lower surface of head also flattened. Snout broad, obtuse, fleshy, and produced well beyond tip of mandible. Eye circular, a trifle anterior, and above center in depth of head. Eyelid narrow. Mouth broad, and in profile of gape curved downwards. When opened mouth is broad, directed inferiorly, and jaws furnished with broad thick and fleshy lips formed somewhat as a disk. Margin of this disk with a single series of small weak or movable ciliiform teeth. In front of each jaw behind outer series a short second or inner series of similar ones, convex or angular in its course, and with bend or angle directed inwards. Aperture of mouth small. Tongue small, hardly free from floor of mouth. Nostrils close together on side of snout above, and much nearer upper front rim of orbit than tip of upper jaw. Anterior nostril cireular, with its posterior cutaneous margin more or less concealing posterior which is thus lunate. Inter- orbital space broad and convex. Infraorbital rim narrow, lowest or most posterior largest. Preorbital a little swollen, with a deep eavity and large thick lip and maxillary more or less filling it when mouth is closed. Opercle striate. Opercular flap broad and rather cutaneous. Gill-opening extending forward till nearly opposite posterior margin of orbit. Rakers none. Filaments of inner series a little longer than those in outer, or about equal to + of orbital diameter. Isthmus broad. Branchiostegals long, broad, subequal, and 4 on each arch. Scales large, of more or less even size, disposed in longitudinal series parallel with lateral line, and each one with several striz. Margin of each scale also a little rough. Small scales on bases of caudal and anal, otherwise fins and head naked. A pointed scaly flap in axil of ven- tral equal to about 4 of length of ventral. Both predorsal and post- dorsal regions with a median keel, former most distinct, and latter also extending on upper surface of caudal peduncle behind adipose fin though still less distinct. Behind first dorsal also an indistinct lateral keel on each side, and below and posterior to adipose fin they are also 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 311 evident. Preventral region keeled in similar manner to postdorsal, only median keel most pronounced. Postventral and postanal region keeled, former may be considered almost trenchant. Lateral line continuous, of simple tubes, a little above middle in depth of body and continuous to caudal. Dorsal high, third ray longest, and origin of fin would fall in vertical about midway between tip of snout and base of adipose fin. Anal small, anterior rays longest, margin of fin concave, and its origin nearer base of caudal than origin of ventral. Adipose dorsal small, its base inserted about opposite bases of last anal rays. Caudal long, deeply emarginate and end of each lobe apparently more or less pointed. Pectoral rather long, pointed, and extending beyond origin of dorsal or about 3 of space to ventral. Ventral inserted nearly opposite middle of base of dorsal or about midway between origin of anal and that of pectoral, and extending about ? of distance to former. Vent close in front of anal fin. Color in alcohol more or less pale brownish washed with silvery- purplish. Back a little darker than side and lower surface. Body also with about fifteen or more indistinct vertical or transverse purplish- dusky bands. Dorsal with about six series of brownish spots on rays. Other fins pale plain brownish. Iris brassy. Length 5 inches. Type, No. 8,207, A. N.S. P. Parahyba, Brazil. Museum of Com- parative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Only one example, the type. This species is closely related to Prochilodus corimbata (Kner) = Salmo corimbata Natterer, in Kner = P. nigricans Kner, nec Agassiz = P. oligolepis Gunther. Dr. Steindachner’s account of the last does not give the coloration. Other related species are P. humeralis Gunther and-P. vimboides Kner, both differing in proportions, ete. (Named for Dr. Franz Steindachner.) Subgenus PROCHILODUS Agassiz. Scales small, more than 40 or usually between 40 and 60 in a lateral count. Mouth similar to that of Chilomyzon. Prochilodus ortonianus Cope. Fig. 12. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 685. No. 21,267 (type), A. N.S, P., cotype. Nauta, Peru. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. of 1873. Width of head 12 in its length ; width of mouth 23; interorbital space 2. Body robust, compressed, and caudal peduncle similar. Head broad, robust, convex on upper surface, and lower surface but little restricted 312 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, though more evenly convex. Width of head more or less even. Snout broad, convex above and broadly rounded when viewed from above. Interorbital space convex and median narrow fontanel extend- ing from internasal space to occiput. Head with arborescent mucous canals on upper side posteriorly and on suborbital region. Gill-open- ing falling a trifle short of posterior margin of orbit. Rakers none. Gill-flaments about 14 in eye. Isthmus broad. Branchiostegals 4, large, well developed and subequal. Scales a little rough and each one rn Fig. 12.—Prochilodus ortonianus Cope. with several strie. Predorsal region slightly keeled. Postdorsal region rounded. Upper and lower surfaces of caudal peduncle a little flattened. Preventral region flattened medianly. Postventral region sharply keeled medianly and an obsolete keel on each side, all three converging towards vent. Color in alcohol at present dull olivaceous or brassy-brown, back with more or less dull metallic shades. Fins all pale brownish, dorsal and caudal each with about 8 series of brownish spots on each ray of former, and about 6 on each lobe of caudal, so that on latter they form more or less transverse bands. Iris brownish. Length 7? inches. Type. Prochilodus cephalotes Cope. Fig. 13. Proce. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 686. No. 21,211, A. N.S. P., type. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. of 1873. Width of head 13 in its length; width of mouth 24; interorbital space 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 313 2. Width of head greatest in postero-supraocular region. Gill-fila- ments about 3 of orbit. Predorsal region apparently keeled. Pre- ventral region apparently rounded, and postventral region keeled. Color in aleohol more or less pale plumbeous and somewhat silvered. Back darker or dusky-plumbeous. Upper surface of head like back, Fig. 13.—Prochilodus cephalotes Cope. and lower surface like that of belly. Damaged dorsal with at least 4 series of deep brownish spots on rays. Caudal also with transverse series of spots, other fins plain. Iris brassy. Length 2? inches. Otherwise like the preceding. Prochilodus theraponura sp. nov. Fig. 14. Prochilodus insignis Cope, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (January 16, 1872), p. 258. Ambyiacu River, Equador. John Hauxwell. Head 24; depth 24; D. 11, 9; A. mr, 8, 1; P. 11, 11?; V. 11, 8; scales about 40? (squamation damaged), and 5? more evidently on base of caudal; about 10? scales obliquely back from origin of dorsal to lateral line; about 8? scales obliquely forward from origin of anal to lateral line; 14 seales before dorsal; width of head about 2 in its length; depth of head 14; snout 34; eye 3; width of mouth 3; interorbital space 21; length of first branched dorsal ray 14; base of dorsal 275; base of anal 24; length of upper caudal lobe 1; pectoral 13; ventral 14; least depth of caudal peduncle 34. 314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, Body robust, compressed, back but little elevated so that upper profile would form an obtuse angle at origin of dorsal, and lower profile more or less evenly convex. Greatest depth at origin of dorsal. Caudal peduncle compressed, and its length about ? its least depth. Head compressed, convex on upper surface, and sides constricted below. Greatest width in postero-supraocular region, and upper profile nearly straight or only a trifle concave. Snout short, convex, rather broad, and rounded when viewed from above. Eye circular, ERA i NN A ais i Y ‘ ‘ \ Fig. 14.—Prochilodus theraponura Fowler. anterior, and a trifle above middle of depth. Eyelid narrow. Jaws even, a little broad, and together with mouth and nostrils like in pre- ceding species of Prochilodus. Interorbital space convex, and median fontanel extending from internasal region to occiput, broader. Post- orbital largest in suborbital rim. Mucous channels on cranium later- ally not pronounced. Opercle with indistinct curved transverse striz. Gill-flap apparently narrow. Gill-opening extending forward a little in advance of posterior margin of orbit. Rakers none. Gill-filaments equal, about } length of orbit. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 315 Isthmus a little narrowly compressed. Branchiostegals 4, large and subequal. Scales mostly fallen, little rough, apparently disposed in even longi- tudinal series parallel with lateral line, each one with one or more strie, and apparently of more or less even size. Small scales appa- rently along bases of dorsal and anal, and on that of caudal. No trace of ventral flap remains. Predorsal region keeled. Postdorsal region rounded. Upper and lower surfaces of caudal peduncle, preventral and postventral regions keeled. Lateral line (damaged) continuous, on base of caudal, nearly straight, more or less median, and of simple tubes. Origin of dorsal about midway between tip of snout and base of adipose fin, first branched ray longest, and others apparently gradu- ated down. Adipose fin with base over those of last anal rays. Origin of anal much nearer base of caudal than origin of ventral, or nearly midway between base of last dorsal ray and that of caudal, and anterior rays apparently longest. Pectoral low, rather long, and reaching ventral. Ventral with origin a trifle in advance of middle of base of dorsal, and reaching nearly # of space to anal. Vent close in front of anal. Color in aleohol pale plumbeous, sides and lower surface more or less silvered, and back dusky-plumbeous. Upper surface of head dusky- plumbeous, sides and lower surface silvered. Fins all pale brownish. Dorsal with four well-defined broad deep brown cross-bands. Caudal with two similar colored oblique bands on each lobe, and a median or horizontal one from base of fin to tips of middle rays. Anal with lower anterior tip of fin brownish, and another horizontal transverse band from origin of fin to tips of more posterior rays also of brownish. Pectoral and ventral apparently plain pale brownish. Iris dull brownish. Length 2+ inches. Type, No. 8,033, A. N.S. P. Ambyiacu River, Equador. John Hauxwell. Only one example. Formerly identified by Cope with Prochilodus insignis Ixner, this species may at least provisionally be regarded as distinct. This is in view of the identity of Prochilodus insignis Jardine and P. insignis of Kner, and later of Dr. Giinther, not yet having been proved. Schom- burgk’s figure, as presented by Jardine, shows each lobe of the caudal with five oblique bands besides the median one, which is also in agree- ment in the description. Dr. Giinther’s Amazon examples are said to have only three or four bands across each lobe besides the median one. 316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, Prochilodus theraponura may thus be said to differ from all of the others in the fact that it has but two oblique dark bars on the caudal, aside from the median one. (@epazwy, servant, with reference to the caudal bands, like those of Therapon; odpa, tail.) Prochilodus amazonensis sp. nov. Fig. 15. Head 34; depth 22; D. mr, 9, 1; A. m1, 8,1; P. 1, 16; V. 1, 8; scales about 43 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 5 more on latter; 11 scales obliquely back from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 8 scales obliquely forward up from origin of anal to lateral line; 10 scales obliquely up from origin of ventral to lateral line; 15 scales before dorsal; width of head 13 inits length; depth of head 14; snout 3; eye 34; maxillary 34 ; BD? ESR ee a ate Fig. 15 —Prochilodus amazonensis Fowler. width of mouth 22; interorbital space 2; length of base of dorsal 14; length of base of anal 24; length of pectoral 13; ventral (damaged) 13, least depth of caudal peduncle 2$. Body rather deep, compressed, back but little elevated so that upper profile would form a rather obtuse angle at origin of dorsal, at which 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 317 point is also greatest depth. Lower profile more or less evenly convex. Caudal peduncle compressed, and its length equals about # its least depth. Head robust, broad and convex on upper surface with profile nearly straight or only very slightly concave, and lower surface but little restricted, though more evenly convex. Width of head more or less even. Snout broad, rather short, convex above, and broadly rounded when seen from above. Eye circular, anterior, and a little above middle in depth of head. Eyelid narrow. Jaws broad, rounded, almost even or upper a trifle produced. Lips thick and fleshy, and teeth as in preceding species, Upper buccal flap broad and with a median fleshy tubercle in front. Lower buccal flap broad. Tongue and nostrils as in preceding species. Interorbital space also similar, and fontanel rather narrow. Postorbitals largest in suborbital chain. Cranium and suborbitals with mucous canals, some arborescent. Opercles with traces of very faint radiating striz. Gill-flap narrow. Gill-opening extending forward till nearly opposite posterior margin of pupil. Rakers in form of 4? + 8? or more short inconspicuous fleshy points along outer edge of first branchial arch. Filaments long, series on inner edge of first arch longer, equalling about $ of orbital diameter. Isthmus broad. Branchiostegals 4, large, well developed and subequal. Seales rather small, striate, rather smooth, in even longitudinal or horizontal series parallel with lateral line, and of more or less even size. Small scales along bases of dorsal and anal and on that of caudal. Ventral with a rather short pointed scaly flap about + length of (dam- aged) fin. Predorsal region with a median keel. Postdorsal region rounded. Upper and lower surfaces of caudal peduncle flattened. Preventral region flattened posteriorly, and with a low or obsolete keel anteriorly. Postventral region trenchant and with an obsolete keel on each side, convergent posteriorly. Lateral line continuous, median on side, extending on base of caudal, decurved a little in front, and mostly of simple tubes except those on first 6 scales which are arbores- cent. Origin of dorsal falling in vertical about midway between tip of snout and origin of adipose fin, rays long, first branched one apparently highest, and others graduated down so that last one is less than half length of first. Adipose dorsal small, its base over bases of posterior anal rays. Anal inserted nearly midway between base of last dorsal ray and base of caudal, anterior rays longest and edge of fin a little concave. Caudal emarginate, lobes apparently broad. Pectoral low, 318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, pointed or upper rays longest, and reaching ventral. Ventral inserted about opposite first third of base of dorsal. Vent close in front of anal. Color in alcohol pale or dull brownish more or less silvered or with brassy reflections. Back with pale or dull purplish reflections becom- ing very dilute greenish on sides. Each scale more or less paler on outer or exposed portion, so that rather pale longitudinal lines are formed on back. Upper surface of head brownish, sides and lower surface silvered. Fins all pale brownish, dorsal with about eight dusky cross-bands. Caudal with a median blackish band from center of its base to tips of median rays, and each lobe with three oblique bands of similar color, but broader anteriorly. Anal with three horizontal dusky bands, lowest near tips of anterior rays, median beginning at origin of fin, and upper at posterior rays. Pectoral and ventral plain. Iris brownish. Length 42 inches. Type, No. 21,350, A. N.S. P. Lower Amazons. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. of 1874. Prof. E. D. Cope. One example. This species is also apparently closely related to Prochilodus insignis Jardine, but differs in the fewer blackish bars on the caudal lobes. It will possibly prove identical with the examples recorded by Dr. Giinther which have three dark bars on each caudal lobe. (Named for the Amazon river of South America, also written Ama- zons and Amazonas. The name Amazon is said to be derived from the Indian word Amassona or ‘‘ boat-destroyer,’’ with reference to the destructive tidal phenomenon or proroca.) HEMIODOPSIS subgen. nov. Type Hemiodus microlepis Kner. This group is distinguished from subgenus Hemiodus Miller and Troschel by the small scales in a lateral count, at least 100 or more. (‘Hyz, half; cdobs, tooth; é¢es, appearance, with reference to the subgenus Hemiodus.) Hemiodus microlepis Kner. Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (1872), p. 291. Between the mouth of the Rio Negro and the Peruvian Amazon. Robert Perkins. Cope, Proce. Amer. Philos. Soe. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 686. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Head 4; depth 3,8; D. m1, 9,1; A. 111, 9, 1; scales about 105 (squama- tion injured) in lateral line to base of caudal, and 7 more on latter; about 24? scales obliquely back from origin of dorsal to lateral line; .about 12? seales between lateral line and origin of ventral, and about same number between former and origin of anal; snout 34 in head; eye 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 319 42; interorbital space 3; pectoral 14; ventral 14; least depth of caudal peduncle 24. Eye midway in depth of head. Gill-opening extend- ing forward till about opposite middle of orbit. Rakers 22? + 38?, compressed, cuneated triangularly, and inner edge of each ciliate. Gill-flaments about equal to # of orbital diameter. Scales above pectoral anteriorly, both above and below lateral line, and on breast, enlarged. Scales on base of caudal also a little large. Scales on post- dorsal region of back formed into more or less convergent series and larger than those just below. Lower lobe of caudal much longer than upper, Just the reverse of that indicated by Kner. Length 9 inches (caudal damaged). One example from Robert Perkins, taken between the mouth of the Rio Negro and the Peruvian Amazon. Also two smaller examples from the Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. 1873 and 1877. Prof. E. D. Cope. These both show about 120 scales in lateral line to base of caudal, and 7 or 8 more on latter. Middle of lower lobe of caudal dusky longitudinally, and deepest basally. The Perkins example shows this as faint. CITHARININ_E. Citharinus citharus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire). Citharinus geoffrovi Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1896 (February 4), p. 223. Lake Rudolf. Dr. A. D. Smith. Head 22; depth 24; D. rv, 14, 1; A. v, 24, 1; scales 83 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 5 more on latter; 21 scales in a vertical series between origin of dorsal and lateral line; 17 scales between origin of anal and lateral line in a vertical series; snout 44 in head; eye 34; width of mouth 3; interorbital space 3; base of dorsal 12; base of anal 14; least depth of caudal peduncle 32; pectoral 14; ventral 13. Back rather elevated, profile forming an angle at origin of dorsal. Lower profile of body more or less evenly convex. Head becoming com- pressed below. Snout short and broad. Eye about circular. Inter- orbital space broad and a trifle convex. Gill-rakers not evident. Color in alcohol, back brownish from a little above lateral line, and lower surface and side silvery-white. Fins pale brownish. Iris pale straw-color. Length 2? inches. Two examples, the other a little smaller. They both differ from the original figure of Geoffroy St. Hilaire in the straight upper anterior profile. PITHECOCHARACIN ® subfam. nom. nov. (Anostomine Auct.) PITHECOCHARAX gen. nov. Type Salmo anostomus Linnzus. Snout narrow and conic, and mouth superior. 320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, This name is proposed as Anostomus Klein, in Walbaum, Pet. Arted. Gen. Pisc., III, 1792, p. 659 (type Salmo anostomus Linnzeus) = Gray, Cat. Brit. Mus. Fish. Gron., 1854, p. 153, is preoccupied in Orni- thology by Anastomus Bonnaterre, Enc. Méth. Ornith., 1790, p. xciii. (Iltéqjxos, ape, with reference to the short snout or nose; yapes, Charax.) Pithecocharax trimaculatus (Kner). Schizodon trimaculatus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p.690. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. James Orton. Coll. of 1877. Head 4; depth 3; D. 1, 10, 1; A. 1m, 8, 1; scales 40 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 2 more on latter; about 16 scales before dorsal; 6 scales obliquely back from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 6 scales obliquely up from origin of ventral to lateral line; 5 scales obliquely up from origin of anal to lateral line; pectoral 14 in head; ventral 12; snout 3 in head, from tip of upper jaw; eye 332; interorbital space 275. Rakers absent. Color in aleohol with each scale marked medianly with a pale area so that longitudinal series are formed, becoming convergent posteriorly. Length 5} inches (caudal damaged). Also another, 3 inches long, with same data. The opercular blotch, on both of my examples, appears to be superior according to such traces of it as remain, rather than inferior as indicated on Kner’s figure. Pithecocharax ucayalensis sp. nov. Fig. 16. Head 3; depth 33; D. m1, 10; A. nr, 8,1; P. 1, 12?; V.1, 8; scales about 33? in lateral line to base of caudal (squamation injured), and appa- rently several more on latter; about 5? scales between origin of dorsal, obliquely back, and lateral line; about 4? scales between lateral line and origin of anal; width of head about 24 in its length; depth of head, over middle of orbit, about 2; least depth of caudal peduncle 334; snout 34 in head, measured from tip of upper jaw; eye 3; interorbital space 3. Body elongate, compressed, back a little elevated or with upper pro- file a little more convex than lower, and greatest depth about middle of predorsal region. Predorsal, postdorsal, and preventral regions (desquamated) apparently rounded. Postventral region possibly with median keel? Caudal peduncle compressed, and least depth about its length. Head compressed, elongate, and attenuate inferiorly, or with upper profile much more inclined than lower. Snout short, moderately broad, straight in profile and upper surface convex. Eye circular and 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 321 a little anterior. Mouth superior and mandible well protruding in front, cleft nearly vertical. Maxillary small and vertical. Teeth large, sharp, crenulate, uniserial, and two median mandibulars largest and most conspicuous. Tongue rather broad, rounded, and hardly free. Anterior nostril in a fleshy tube about equal to diameter of pupil in length, lateral, and nearly midway in length of snout. Posterior nostril large, a little inclined, slit-like, and close to middle of anterior rim of orbit. Interorbital space broad and nearly flattened. Gill-opening extending about opposite posterior margin of pupil. Fig. 16.—Pithecocharax ucayalensis Fowler. Rakers short weak fleshy protuberances, and moderately numerous. Filaments well developed. Scales mostly fallen, large, evidently in rows parallel with lateral line, and also apparently all of more or less even size. Base of caudal apparently scaly. Lateral line evidently complete, and of simple tubes. Origin of dorsal nearly midway between tip of mandible and base of eaudal. Origin of adipose fin placed about last fourth in space between origin of dorsal and base of caudal. Anal inserted well behind dorsal, or near middle of space between end of ventral and base of caudal. Pectoral low, and though damaged apparently not reaching ventral. Ventral inserted a short distance before origin of dorsal, and though also damaged not reaching perhaps more than half way to anal. Color in alcohol brown, lower surface and fins paler. Body with 322 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF jJune, about seven broad ill-defined dark brown or dusky transverse bands. First three nuchal or predorsal, fourth from base of dorsal, fifth and sixth from postdorsal region, and seventh from base of adipose fin. Fins pale, caudal lighter and with a subbasal transverse blackish line. Iris brownish. Length (caudal damaged) 14 inches. Type, No. 21,997, A. N.S. P. Peruvian Amazon or Ucayale River. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. Prof. E. D. Cope. This species is distinguished from Pithecocharax anostomus (Linnus) and P. trimaculatus (Kner) chiefly by the coloration. (Named for the Ucayale or Ucayali River, sometimes called Peru- vian Amazon or Paro.) Schizodon fasciatus Agassiz. Cope, Proce. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XI, 1869-70 (August 19, 1870), p. 566. Para. De Schulte Buckow. Cope, l.c., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 689. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Anostomus fasciatus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (1872), p. 258. Ambyiacu River, Equador. John Hauxwell. Head 34; depth 34; D. 11, 9,1; A. 11, 8, 1; scales 37 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 4 more on latter; 11 scales before dorsal; 5 scales obliquely back from dorsal to lateral line; 5 scales obliquely up from origin of ventral to lateral line; 4 scales obliquely up from origin of anal to lateral line; pectoral 12 in head; ventral 17; snout 2,55 in head, from tip of upper jaw; eye 33; interorbital space 2. Rakers none. Coloration faded dull brown. Length 6} inches (caudal damaged). Para, Brazil. DeSchulte Buckow. Prof. E. D. Cope. Three examples from the Peruvian Amazon, the largest about 74 inches in length, show: Head 32 to 4; depth 34 to 3$; D. u, 10,1; A. 111, 8, 1; scales 38 to 40 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 4 on latter. The color-pattern is constant. None of my examples show the dark transverse bar on the lower caudal lobe figured by Agassiz. The dark bars on the trunk are not absolutely vertical, the first two at least inclined a little back. They are also placed about equal in space and not extending across the ventral surface. Agassiz also indicates the eye too low in depth of head. One example from the Ambyiacu, 7} inches long (caudal damaged). John Hauxwell. It agrees with the Orton examples. Lemolyta teniata (Kner). Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (1872), p. 259. Ambyiacu River, Equador. John Hauxwell. Head 4; depth 5; D. 11, 10, 1; A. 111, 8, 1; scales 37 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 5 more on latter; 5 scales obliquely back from . 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 323 origin of dorsal to lateral line; 4 scales obliquely up from origin of ventral to lateral line; 4 scales from origin of anal obliquely up to lateral line; 13 scales before dorsal; pectoral 12 in head; ventral 1+; snout 3 in head, from tip of upper jaw; eye 3; interorbital space 24. Rakers none. Length 44 inches (caudal damaged). Two examples. The median dusky longitudinal band extends from the snout to the caudal. Kner’s figure does not indicate it on the side of the snout or on the postocular region. PCECILOSOMATOPS subgen. noy. Type Characidium etheostoma Cope. Seales smaller transversely, about 4 from opposite origin of anal in an oblique series forward to lateral line. (Iloretdés, variegated; c@pa, body; #¢, appearance. Pecilosoma was an old name employed by Agassiz for certain Etheostomatine, to which these fishes bear a certain resemblance.) Fig. 17.—Characidiwm etheostoma Cope. Characidium etheostoma Cope. Fig. 17. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (1872), p. 259, Pl. 13, fig. 3. No. 8,152 (type) and 8,153, A. N. S. P., cotypes. Ambyiacu River, Equador. John Hauxwell. Seales 11 before dorsal; width of head about 2+ in its length; inter- orbital space 34. Body well compressed. Muzzle compressed. Snout rather narrow. Lips thin. Teeth in jaws uniserial, even and fine, none on maxillaries. Interorbital space convex. Gill-opening 324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, extending forward opposite posterior margin of pupil. Rakers short, lanceolate and weak, in small number. Filaments well developed. Isthmus a little broad. Each scale with several radiating strie. Vent placed about last 2 in space between origins of ventrals and anal. Color in alcohol brownish, lower surface paler, and fins still paler. Body with about eleven transverse brownish bands, at first of about equal width with alternate interspaces, but posteriorly interspaces becoming wider. First band nuchal, second and third predorsal, fourth just before origin of dorsal, fifth from middle of base of dorsal, sixth from just behind last dorsal ray, seventh and eighth from post- dorsal region with latter entirely in front of adipose fin, ninth and tenth across caudal peduncle, and eleventh which is dusky on base of caudal. A rather narrow deep brownish band from tip of snout across side of head and embracing lateral line to base of caudal. Dor- sal with at least three brownish longitudinal rather narrow bands or lines, upper ones less distinct. Iris brassy-silvery. Length 1{ inches. Type. From Dr. Steindachner’s description it would hardly seem probable that his Characidium purpuratum is identical with C. etheostoma, in fact it falls in a different subgenus as the species are here understood if there are but 24 to 3 scales between the origin of the anal and the lateral line. = Subgenus CHARACIDIUM Reinhardt. Seales large transversely, about 3 from opposite origin of anal in an oblique series forward to lateral line. Fig. 18.—Characidium steindachneri Cope. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 325 Characidium steindachneri Cope. Fig. 18. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 688. No. 21,428, A.N.S.P., type. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. of 1873. Width of head 2% in its length. Gill-opening extending forward about opposite middle of pupil. Vent about last fourth in space between origins of ventral and anal. Color in alcohol brownish with about 9 transverse distinct dusky bars. Fins all pale brownish. Tris brownish. Length about 1,4; inches (caudal damaged). Other- wise like the preceding. Characidium tenuis (Cope). Chorimycterus tenuis Cope, Amer. Nat., X XVII, 1894, p. 67. The upper waters of the Jacuhy River, in the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul. H. H. Smith. Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., X XXIII, 1894 (January 5), p. 86, Pl. 5, fig. 3. Head 42; depth 62; D. mr, 9; A. 11, 6, 1; scales 36 in lateral line to base of caudal and 2 more on latter; 4 scales obliquely back between origin of dorsal and lateral line; 3 scales obliquely back from origin of adipose fin to lateral line; 3 scales from opposite origin of ventral obliquely up and forward to lateral line; 3 scales obliquely forward and up from origin of anal to lateral line; 12 scales before dorsal; width of head 2 in its length; snout about 44; eye 32; maxillary 44; interorbital space about 5; least depth of caudal peduncle 24; length of depressed dorsal about 4; lower caudal lobe (damaged) about 4; pectoral 44; ventral 5; depressed anal 54. Edges of trunk rounded. Gill-opening extending about opposite posterior margin of orbit. Rakers about 5 + 7, short, lanceolate and rather well separated. Filaments a little less than vertical diameter of orbit. Isthmus a little broad and tri- angular. Vent about first 2 in space between origins of ventrals and anals. Color in alcohol brownish, rather pale, especially below, and side with silvery reflections. Each scale of back with darker brown edge than shade of body-color. About 8 indistinct brownish trans- verse bars. Fins pale brownish, shaded with darker, anal and ventral a little lighter. Iris pale brownish. Length 2,8; inches (caudal damaged). Type. The other example agrees. This species is most closely related to C. stezndachnert Cope, but differs chiefly in the slightly larger eye and more slender body. The main character advanced for the nominal genus Chorimycterus, 7.e., the presence of biserial mandibular teeth, is entirely fallacious, as both of the cotypes before me have but a single series in the mandible. It is therefore a synonym of Characidium. Oe 326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF (June, Subgenus RHYTIODUS Kner. Scales small, 80 to 90 or more in a lateral series. Rhytiodus microlepis Kner. Head 42; depth 52; D. 11, 10,1; A. 1, 8, 1; seales 77 in a lateral series to base of caudal, and 8 more on latter; 12 scales obliquely back from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 9 scales obliquely up posteriorly from origin of ventral to lateral line; 8 scales from origin of ventral in a similar way; about 23? (squamation damaged) scales before dorsal; snout 2? in head; eye 5; interorbital space 2; pectoral 14; ventral 14; least depth of caudal peduncle 22. Small short slender weak gill- rakers developed on outer edge of first arch. Pebas, Equador. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. 1873-77. Prof. E. D. Cope. GARMANINA subgen. nov. Type Rhytiodus argenteo-fuscus Kner. Restricted to those species of Rhytiodus Kner with large scales, about 50 to 60 in a lateral series. (Named for Prof. Samuel Garman, of Cambridge, Mass., author of many excellent contributions to Ichthyology.) Rhytiodus argenteo-fuscus Kner. Schizodon sagittarius Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 689. No. 21,474, A. N.S. P., type. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. of 1877. Head 43; depth 54; D. 11, 10; A. 11, 8; scales 47 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 5 more on latter; 7 scales obliquely back from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 4 scales obliquely back from origin of adipose fin to lateral line; 6 scales obliquely up from origin of anal to lateral line; about 16 scales before dorsal; width of head 1% in its length; depth of head over middle of orbit 22; least depth of caudal peduncle 3; pectoral 14; ventral 14; depressed dorsal 44; fourth anal ray 18; snout 23 in head measured from tip of upper jaw; eye about 44; interorbital space 24. Body tapering evenly back from opposite origins of dorsal and ventral. Predorsal region with an obtuse median keel. Postdorsal region flattened. Preventral region rounded, except region right at bases and just before ventrals, which is flattened. Post- ventral region apparently rather rounded. Least depth of caudal peduncle about half its length. Head depressed above and below anteriorly, and with convex surface. Snout broad, rounded when viewed above. Width of mouth about ? of orbit. Teeth broadly expanded or compressed. Maxillary reaching about to posterior nos- tril. Anterior nostril in a short tube. Interorbital space broadly convex. Gill-opening extending forward about opposite last fourth in 1906.} NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 327 head. Rakers short, not numerous and weak. Filaments equal orbit. Isthmus broad and convex. Scales non-striate. Ventral scaly flap % of fin. Pectoral reaching 3 of space to ventral, and ventral 2 to anal. Vent close in front of anal. Color in aleohol brownish, upper 3 of body darker and sharply demarcated from lower or whitish surface, and former color extending well below lateral line. Dorsal and caudal brownish, especially middle of each lobe of latter. Pectoral, ventral and anal pale brownish, especially latter. Line of demarcation on sides pronounced by a longitudinal lateral band extending from tip of snout to base of caudal. Iris brownish. Length 62 inches. Prof. Garman’s view that this is the young of R. argenteo-juscus Kner is fully established, as I find that the mandible has 8 teeth rather than 6 as stated by Cope. Leporellus vittatus (Valenciennes). Leporinus vittatus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 690. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. of 1877. Head 32; depth 34; D. m1, 10, 1; A. m1, 8; P. 1, 16; V. 11, 8; scales 37? (squamation injured) in lateral line to base of caudal, and 5? more on latter; 5 scales obliquely back from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 4 scales obliquely up posteriorly from origin of ventral to lateral line; 14? scales (squamation injured) before dorsal; snout 24 in head; eye 4; interorbital space 24; least depth of caudal peduncle 3. Gill- rakers short weak fleshy processes. Color in aleohol with back sharply defined from that of band running along lateral line, which is also well defined and dark. A narrow line on flank, well below lateral line, extending from base of pectoral to origin of anal. Top of head with indistinct brownish spots. Dorsal blackish with a broad transverse whitish band below middle. Length 22 inches. Castelnau figures Leporinus vittatus Valenciennes, which will be seen to differ at once in the coloration. It shows each scale of the back marked with a single black spot and the dorsal crossed by a blackish transverse band a little above its middle. The side of the head is spotted, and there are also no traces on the trunk of the dark contrasted color-pattern which my example now shows. Kner’s figure of Leporinus pictus agrees better, and though it differs according to the figure in having a pale dorsal marked above and in front with a dark blotch, another or basal one is mentioned in the description. The figure also shows no trace of the lower dusky line seen on my example, which extends from the pectoral to the anal. Dr. Steindachner records a large example from Cauca which had both dorsal and anal fins marked with blackish bands. 328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch). 4 Head 31; depth 23; D. mr, 10,1; A. m1, 8, 1; scales 34 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 5 more on latter; 6 scales obliquely back from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 5 scales obliquely up from origin of ventral to lateral line; 5 scales obliquely forward from origin of anal to lateral line; 12 scales before dorsal; snout 24 in head; eye 44; inter- orbital space 23; pectoral 14; ventral 12; least depth of caudal peduncle 24. Middle of orbit a little anterior in head. Rakers 5 + 8, denticle- like, compressed and weak. Predorsal and postdorsal regions rounded. Very slight lateral keel on each side of postventral region, and also one on each side of preventral region. Median line of both these areas also with a slight keel, that of latter most pronounced. In coleration it agrees largely with Bloch’s figure. The occipital band is broader. First band on trunk forking above, second inclined to base of pectoral, sixth also forked above and extending towards origin of anal, seventh from base of adipose fin to bases of last anal rays, and last or ninth in form of large blotch at base of caudal. An indistinet brownish bar about opposite middle of pectoral and a blotch near its tip or above base of ventral. Traces of two transverse caudal bands. Length 52 inches (caudal damaged). Rio Parahyba, Brazil. Museum of Com- parative Zoology, Massachusetts. One example. Leporinus friderici (Bloch). Leporinus frederici Cope. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XI, 1869-70 (August 19, 1870), p. 566. Pebas, Eastern Peru. John Hauxwell. Cope, l.c., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 690. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Head 34 to 34; depth 34 to 32; D. 1 or m1, 10, 1; A. m1, 8, 1; scales 33 to 35 in lateral line to base of caudal, and usually 4 more on latter; 11 to 13 scales before dorsal; 5 scales in an oblique series back from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 5 scales obliquely forward from origin of ventral to lateral line; 5 scales obliquely forward from origin of anal to lateral line; snout 22 to 3 in head; eye 3} to 4%; interorbital space 2to 2+. Gill-rakers slender short denticles usually a little bent distally, and about 20? on first arch. Color in alcohol very dark, base of each scale darker than other portion, and line of demarcation very distinct, so that an imbricated appearance is assumed. In smaller examples pectoral approaches nearer ventral than in adults. Total length of 7 examples 3} to 9 inches. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. of 1877. Two examples from Pebas. John Hauxwell. Both show about same number of scales as preceding. The smaller one has the dark lateral blotches more or less confluent posteriorly, as described by Dr. Gunther. 1906.] | NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 329 The above specific name is restored in the original, for in all cases Bloch spelled it exactly as above. Leporinus multifasciatus Cope. Fig. 19. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 690. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Leporinus megalepis Cope, l.c., XI, 1869-70 (May 19, 1870), p. 566. Para. De Schulte Buckow. Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (1872), p. 259. Ambyiacu River, Equador. John Hauxwell. The cotypes of L. multifasciatus, Nos. 21,448 (type) to 21,450, A. N. S. P., are in very poor condition, though they appear to be identical with the other material. The largest shows: Head 34; depth 33; D. 1, 10; A. Iv, 8; width of head 2 in its length; depth of head over middle of orbit 2; snout 3 in head from tip of upper jaw; eye 34; interorbital space 23; least depth of caudal peduncle 24. Though dark lateral blotches are not present they may have faded. Length of type 2} inches. Fig. 19.—Leporinus multifasciatus Cope. The example from Para has very indistinct bands on the back and a rather long pectoral. The largest of the Hauxwell examples shows : Head 34; depth 3 ; D. mt, 10,1; A. 111, 8, 1; scales 33 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 4 more on latter; 5 scales obliquely back from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 4 scales obliquely up from origin of anal to lateral line; 10 scales before dorsal; width of head 144 in its length; third dorsal ray 14; third anal ray 14; pectoral 1% ; ventral 14; least depth of caudal peduncle 223 330 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [June, snout 23 in head from tip of upper jaw; eye 32; maxillary 44; inter- orbital space 24; upper caudal lobe nearly 3 in ead and ei, Pre- dorsal region rounded at first and posteriorly with a median keel ex- tending to dorsal fin. Postdorsal region rounded, also preventral region. Postventral region with a median obscure keel. Head broad, depressed in front, rounded below and sides somewhat compressed. Snout when viewed above broad and triangular with rounded tip. Width of mouth about 2 of orbit. Maxillary about half way in snout. Lips fleshy. Teeth 8 in each jaw, anterior largest, and 2 median mandibulars especially conspicuous. Tongue rather far back, narrow, and not free. Interorbital space broadly convex. Gill-opening ex- tending forward about first third in head. Rakers 10 + 14?, short, lanceolate, and longest about half of longest filaments which are 3 of orbit. Vent close in front of anal. Color in aleohol faded brownish, a little darker on back and upper surface. About 14 indistinct bars of deeper brownish than body-color across back, and each one also narrower than pale interspace. In some cases they become faded altogether on side, and frequently indistinct traces occur below. Three blotches of deep brownish, larger than eye, along middle of side. First blotch midway in length of trunk, and second midway between it and third, which is on base of caudal. Dorsal, caudal and pectoral pale, and anal and ventral dusky or deep brown. Iris brown. Teeth warm brownish marginally. Length 4§ inches. Identified with L. megalepis Giinther, but that species is said to have the body with large blackish spots arranged in 2 or 3 series. Leporinus holostictus Cope. Fig. 20. Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May "17, 1878), p 690. Nos. 21,467 (type) and 21 468, A. N.S. P., cotypes. Peruse Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. of 1877 Width of head 2;4 in its length; sntarotrbital space 25. Predorsal, postdorsal and preventral regions rounded. Postventral region with an obsolete median keel, and another on each side. Snout broad and triangular seen from above. Lips fleshy. Teeth 8 in each jaw, anterior ones largest, and 2 median mandibulars conspicuous. Tongue rather far back, narrow and not free. Interorbital space broadly convex. Gill-opening extending forward about last fourth in length of head. Rakers 5 + 11?, short, lanceolate, and longest about 2 of longest filaments, which are 3 of orbit. Scales non-striate. Color in aleohol brownish, and lower surface paler or whitish. Body with 10 broad transverse bands as wide as interspaces. First includes or extends over snout, second over interorbital space, third on occiput, 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 331 fourth on middle of predorsal region, fifth just before dorsal, sixth vertically across dorsal so that its posterior margin is even with last ray and then down till behind ventral, seventh on postdorsal region anteriorly, eighth on postdorsal region posteriorly till down just in front of anal, ninth behind adipose fin and continued transversely Fig. 20.—Leporinus holostictus Cope. across anal, and tenth at base of caudal. Fins otherwise all more or less unmarked, except posterior margin of caudal which is dusky. Iris brownish. Length 4% inches (caudal damaged). Type. The other example shows the depth as 34. ABRAMITES ¢gen.’noy. Type Leporinus hypselonotus Ginther. Closely related to Leporinus Agassiz, but distinguished by the larger anal basis. (Abramites, from Abramis, Bresma and Prasmus, old names applied to Brama brama or the common European bream. ‘The reference is to the superficial appearance.) Abramites hypselonotus (Giinther). Leporinus hypselonotus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17 1878), p. 690. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. of 1877. Head 32; depth 22; D. 111, 10; A. m1, 12, 1; scales 34 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 4 more on latter; snout 3} in head from tip of upper jaw; eye 3; interorbital space 23. Length 24% inches, Dr. Giinther’s excellent figure largely agrees, though my example 332 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {June, shows traces of an interorbital band and a nuchal one extending down just behind opercle. TETRAGONOPTERIN. Cheirodon monodon (Cope). Chirodon monodon Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XX XIII, 1894 (January 5), p. 91, Pl. 6, fig. 9. Nos. 21,561 (type) and 21,562, A. N.S. P., cotypes. Brazilian province of Rio Grande do Sul. H. H. Smith. Edge of back rounded, except a little before spinous dorsal and upper surface of caudal peduncle where it is a little trenchant. Belly rounded. Postventral region and lower surface of caudal peduncle a little trench- ant. Each ramus of mandible elevated a little inside mouth. Tongue rather large, flattened, moderately broad and free in front. Inter- orbital space convex. Gill-opening extending forward nearly opposite anterior margin of orbit. Rakers 12 + 12 on first arch, lanceolate, and longest a little shorter than filaments, which are a little longer than pupil. Isthmus narrowly triangular. Vent close in front of anal. Color in alcohol pale brownish, back a little darker than lower surface, and body everywhere more or less silvered. 5.) AKENTETUS MeNeill. Akentetus unicolor McNeill. Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 5, 1 2. Knob Fig. 2.—Akentetus unicolor Mc- Neill. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Colorado. Dorsal view of head and pronotum of male. (X 5.) Hill, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 17,2 &. Akron, Washington Co., Col- orado, Aug. 24,1. This scarce species, previously re- corded only from the type locality (‘‘Colorado’’) and Lakin, Kansas, is also represented in the Academy collec- tion by a male from Nebraska and a female from Livermore, Larimer Co., Colorado, the latter taken July 23, 1899. The pattern of coloration is very similar to that of Amphitornus, but the longitudinal bars' are narrower. In the Akron and Mammoth Hot Springs specimens the postocular regions are distinetly infuscate. The bars on the caudal femora are distinct in all the specimens examined. The four specimens of this species taken were captured in three decidedly different locations. At Mammoth Hot Se 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 365 Springs one was taken on the hillside among sage-brush. At Knob Hill two were captured on the prairie, while at Akron it was taken in a dry situation near the railroad. AMPHITORNUS MeNeill. Amphitornus coloradus (Thomas). 1872. S[tenobothrus] bicolor Thomas, Prelim. Rep. U.S. Geol. Sur. Montana, 4658 1873. S[tenobothrus] coloradus Thomas, Synopsis Acrid. N. Amer., p. 82. Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 5,4 2, 1 nymph. Summit of foothills near Mammoth Hot Springs, 6,500 feet, Aug. 5, 3 2. Hill at head of Mammoth Hot Springs, 7,000 feet, Aug. 5,1 2. Salt Lake City, Utah, Aug. 13,1 2. Hill near Salt Lake City, 4,700 feet, Aug. 13 and 14,30,2 2. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 17-22,4 0,1 2. Prairie land, Colorado Springs, Aug. 18,1 2. The series examined contains both the typical form and the suffused form called ‘‘ Var. a’’ by Thomas. This is apparently the first record of the species from Utah. This species was found in Wyoming, Utah and Colorado in almost the same numbers. Each specimen seen was captured, if that was in any way possible. The insect was found among the sage on hillsides and also among the grasses of the prairie. OPEIA McNeill. Opeia obscura (Thomas). Salt Lake City, Utah, Aug. 13,1 2. Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 18,1 2. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Aug. 17-22, 65 &, 62 @. Prairie land, Colorado Springs, Aug. 18, 2 &, 2 2. Garden of the Gods, Colorado, Aug. 19,1 &. Specimens of this species were received from Prof. C. P. Gillette from Merino, Lamar, Snyder and Fort Collins, Colorado, labelled Eritettix variabilis with a query. The Salt Lake City specimen is apparently the first recorded west of the Rockies. About Colorado Springs on the prairie this species was to be found in countless numbers. The males are very rapid in their movements, but so common were they that sometimes over a dozen would be taken with one sweep of the net. CORDILLACRIS Rehn. Cordillacris occipitalis (Thomas). Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 18, 1 2. Knob Hill, Colorado 3TInvalidated by Stenobothrus bicolor (Charpentier), the combination dating from Sélys-Longchamps, 1868 (Ann. Soc. Entom. Belg., XI, p. 31). 366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Sept., Springs, Aug. 18-22, 1 o&, 2 2. Austin Bluffs, Colorado Springs, Aug. 18,8 0,6 2. Prairie land, Colorado Springs, Aug. 18, 1 . This was an extremely scarce species on the grassy prairie, but among the low plants growing in a forest of dwarf pines on Austin Bluffs it was quite common. ‘The insects spring about rapidly and are also able to fly well. Cordillacris cinerea (Bruner). Sphinx, Park Co., Montana, Aug. 4,1 co. Austin Bluffs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 18,2 2. This form appears to be hardly separable from the preceding. The male captured was taken in the sage-brush. So rapidly did it jump about that several minutes were occupied in making the cap- ture, as I had no net at the time. Cordillacris crenulata (Bruner). Antlers, Garfield Co., Colorado, Aug. 15, 2 2. Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 18,1 2. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Aug. 17-22, 8 %,10 2. Austin Bluffs, Colorado Springs, Aug. 18,1 2. Garden of the Gods, Aug. 17 and 19,1 ',3 @. This species was quite plentiful in the grass of the prairie outside Colorado Springs. It was also taken among cactus and sage, in a damp grassy meadow and among the low scattered plants growing in a forest of dwarf pines. PHLIBOSTROMA Scudder. Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum (Thomas). Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 18, 2 &, 2 2. Knob Hill, Colo- rado Springs, Aug. 17-22, 56 3’, 39 2. Manitou, Colorado, Aug. 23, 1 2. Garden of the Gods, Colorado, Aug. 17-23,8 &, 5 2. Akron, Washington Co., Colorado, Aug. 24,1 o',1 9. One of the extremely plentiful species found in the prairie. Hun- dreds could have been taken in a short time. Quite a diversity of coloration occurred in the specimens, for among those taken were both brown and green-marked individuals. The females were generally of the green form, while the males were more of the wholly brown type. ORPHULELLA Giglio-Tos. Orphulella pelidna (Burmeister). Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Aug. 17-22,5 %,5 92. The separation of O. pratorum from this form is a task apparently hopeless. For the present at least we prefer to call these pelidna, as pratorum as understood by us, on the basis of material from the south- 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 367 eastern States and New Jersey, appears to be slenderer with longer wings. However these differential characters are only averages, numerous specimens which cannot otherwise be separated from the usual pratorum type being intermediate in proportions. The species was found in short marshy grass growing about a shallow pond in the prairie. Considerable search was required to find the ten specimens captured. Orphulella salina Scudder. Grand Junction, Colorado, Aug. 15,1 &%. This species has previously been recorded from Grand Junction and Montrose, Colorado, by Caudell,t and Grand Junction and Delta by Gillette.° This specimen was taken in short grass near the Grand river, in a locality which had been recently inundated. No other specimens of Orthoptera were seen about this location. DICHROMORPHA Morse. Dichromorpha viridis (Scudder). Table Rock, Pawnee Co., Nebraska, Aug. 25,1 %,1 2. St. Louis, Missouri, Aug. 27,2 2. In both localities plentiful among thick grass and weeds. CHLOEALTIS Harris. Chloéaltis abdominalis (Thomas). Summit of foothill of Gallatin Range, Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park, 7,000 feet, Aug. 5,4 o', 7 2. Manitou, Colorado, 6,300-6,900 feet, Aug. 23,7 o',4 2. The male individuals are inseparable from a specimen of the same sex from Pequaming, Michigan, while the females are similar to individuals of that sex from Manitoba and Truchas Peak, New Mexico. The Truchas Peak specimen is slightly smaller with rather slenderer caudal limbs. This species was doubtfully recorded from Colorado by Cockerell ° as taken at Willow Creek, Cusack Ranch, Custer County, in September. At Mammoth Hot Springs I found this species in a small glade at the top of the foothills. Here in the thick grass growing about a clump of aspen the series listed above was taken with little difficulty. The males of this species are very quick and wary, but the females are 4 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVI, p. 782. 5 Bull. 94, Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 26. ° Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XX, p. 337. 368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Sept., extremely heavy and slow, and appear to rely a great deal on their protective resemblance to a bit of twig. The stridulation of the Fig. 3.—Chloéaltis abdominalis (Thomas). Manitou, Colorado. Lateral view of male. (xX 4.) FP Fig. 4.—Chloéaltis abdominalis (Thomas). Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park. Lateral view of female. (x 3.) males much resembles that of C. conspersa, but is not nearly so loud. At Manitou, I found this species in about the same numbers among the scrub oaks and mountain-loving plants of a steep hillside. The 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 369 Species appeared to be very local in habitat and, if a colony of the insect is not found, long search for the species would very probably be useless. STAURODERUS Bolivar.’ Stauroderus curtipennis (Harris). Muir, Bozeman Tunnel, Park-Gallatin Co., Montana, Aug. 12,1 2. Sappington, Gallatin Co., Montana, Aug. 12,1 o. Hill at head of Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 5,2 %,1 2. Fountain, Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 6, 1 co. Near Grand Cafion, Yellowstone Park, 8,000 feet, Aug. 10, 2%, 22. Yellowstone Lake, Aug. 8,5 o, 4 2. Emerald Springs, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 7,20,2 2. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Aug. Pie eChiaeaiee che 17,1 2. Manitou, Colorado, Aug. 16 and 23, dominalis (Thomas). 5.5 2 Mammoth Hot aT . ae Springs, Yellowstone These specimens vary considerably in size and Park. Dorsal view somewhat in structure, but such variation is par- 0! _head and prono- : : 3 tumoffemale. (3.) alleled in Eastern specimens, from which they cannot be separated. This species was rather boreal in distribution and was found in numbers in tall marshy grass in a large open pasture on the shore of Yellowstone Lake. It was also found plentiful at Manitou, Colorado, in the same locality as Chloéaltis abdominalis. At Muir, Mammoth Hot Springs and Manitou the species was found in dry locations, all the other localities in which it was found being more or less damp. The stridulations of the males resemble sik-sik-sik-sik swiftly repeated, the sound being neither loud nor sharp. PLATYBOTHRUS Scudder. Platybothrus brunneus (Thomas). Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 5,2 %. Summit of foothills near Mammoth Hot Springs, Aug. 5,4 o&, 4 2. Summit 5 of foothill of Gallatin Range, Mammoth Hot Springs, Aug. 5,1 0,5 2. 7 This. generic name (Catal. Sinopt. Ortépt. Fauna Ibérica, pp. 46, 57, 1898) should be used in this connection in place of Stenobothrus if we recognize Bolivar’s divisions as genera, as has been done by Burr (Entom. Record and Journ. Variat., XVI, p. 320). If these groups are recognized as of only subgeneric rank, Fieber’s Chorthippus must be used as the generic term in place of Stenobothrus, as has already been done in several previous papers by the senior author. 370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Sept., On geyser formation, Mammoth Hot Springs, Aug. 5, 1 2. Top of bare hill opposite Devil’s Kitchen, Mammoth Hot Springs, Aug. 5,1 2. Meadows near Norris Pass, Continental Divide, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 5,1 2. Near Grand Cafion, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 10, 2 &. These specimens have the caudal tibie with pale proximal annuli followed by dull glaucous and with the distal third reddish. This species is distinetly boreal and apparently uncommon in collections, the only definite records being from Fort McLeod, southern Alberta, several localities in Idaho, Fort McKinney, Wyoming, and Estes Park, Colorado. Individuals from all except the Idaho localities have been examined. The specimens taken were all found among the more boreal forms of vegetation in the Park. Nowhere was it possible to take a large series of specimens, in spite of the fact that when found individuals were easily captured. The insects move about quite hurriedly on the ground, and when disturbed can also use their wings advantage- ously. GOMPHOCERUS Thunberg. Gomphocerus clavatus Thomas. Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 5,6 2. Summit of foothill of Gallatin Range, Mammoth Hot Springs, Aug. 5, 1 @. Manitou, Colorado, 6,800-7,000 feet, Aug. 23, 2 o', 5 2. Pike’s Peak, 10,200 feet, Aug. 20, 1 2 ; Dark Cajion, 8,920-9,000 feet, Aug. 16,8 3,4 2 ; above Windy Point, 12,300 feet, Aug. 20,16 o,8 2, 6nymphs; below Windy Point, 12,000 feet, Aug. 20, 6 o&; along timber line, 11,578 feet, Aug. 20, 1 co‘; Mountain View, 9,700 feet, Aug. 20,2 0,5 2. With this series of nearly seventy specimens, and twenty others in the collection of the Academy, we are unable to find any constant character or characters to separate the three so-called American species of this genus. We have attempted to apply the characters given by Bruner® to distinguish them, but the Windy Point series exhibits enough variation to prove the futility of attempting to recognize several species. The length of the antenne and the angulation of the fastigium vary to a great extent, and the inflation of the cephalic tibise of the males apparently is as variable as in the European species of the genus. I found this species by no means abundant about the Mammoth Hot Springs, but took it in both the highest and lowest locations. On 5 Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., II, pp. 92, 93. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 371 the hillside above Manitou, Colorado, I found the species in about the same numbers as at the Hot Springs. From Dark Cafion to the highest grassy locations on Pike’s Peak, however, the species was common in all favorable locations. The insects were found most common in all open grassy spots, especially above the timber-line where short grasses grow everywhere between the scattered boulders. The males are very active and are constantly stridulating—sik-sik-sik- sik—a sound louder but similar to that produced by Stawroderus curttpennis.. The females are slow and clumsy in their movements, appearing quite different from the males. PSOLOESSA Scudder. Psoloessa maculipennis Scudder. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 17,1 2. This specimen is somewhat smaller than Kansas and New Mexican individuals of the species. The previous Colorado record of this species was simply ‘‘Southern Colorado.’’ While sweeping the prairie grass, a single specimen of this species was taken from among the hundreds of more common species. So great was the number of common Orthoptera in this locality that it was impossible to search for the scarcer individuals, but this species was not met with again even though much sweeping was done in the same vicinity. AGENEOTETTIX McNeill. Ageneotettix deorum (Scudder). Livingston, Park Co., Montana, Aug. 4, 1 oc’. Salt Lake City, Utah, Aug. 13-14,9 3,6 2. Grand Junction, Colorado, Aug. 15,1 o. Antlers, Colorado, Aug. 15, 3 o, 1 9. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 17-22, 73 &, 87 2. Austin Bluffs, Colorado Springs, Aug. 18, 2 2. Manitou, Colorado, Aug. 16,3 &, 2 2. Garden of the Gods, Colorado, Aug. 17 and 19, 3 &, 3 29. Roggen, Weld Co., Colorado, Aug. 24,1 2. Akron, Washington Co., Colorado, Aug. 24, PAR With this extensive series before me, I am unable to separate Bruner’s scudderi and occidentalis. The characters given by him in his key of the species of this genus ° do not appear to be constant, as specimens from the type locality (Garden of the Gods) cannot be separated from others from the supposed range of occidentalis (Salt Lake City, Grand Junction and Antlers), while a sufficient series from any one locality ® Bull. 94, Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 58, 1904. 372 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Sept., contains individuals with the characters supposed to be diagnostic of any of the three forms and numerous others which cannot be placed in one or the other of the three ‘‘species.”’ This was one of the most plentiful species encountered. It was found in many of the arid localities, but on the prairie it truly swarmed. Each sweep of the net would take a dozen or more specimens in this location, and so great were its numbers that other scarcer specimens, even when seen, would often easily escape in the myriads of this species. AULOCARA Scudder. Aulocara elliotti (Thomas). Gray Cliff, Sweet Grass Co., Montana, Aug. 4,2 co’, 4 2. Living- ston, Park Co., Montana, Aug. 4,1 2. Electric, Park Co., Montana, Aug. 4,1 2. Summit of foothills near Mammoth Hot Springs, Yel- lowstone Park, Aug. 5, 5 o', 6 2. Top of Ensign Peak, Salt Lake City, Utah, Aug. 13, 1 2. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 17 and 22, 3 od’. Prairie land, Colorado Springs, Aug. 18, 3 @. Garden of the Gods, Aug. 17, 19 and 23, 11 &, 4 9. The largest series of this species was taken in a meadow of tall grasses and weeds at the western entrance of the Garden of the Gods. It was also taken on the prairie at Colorado Springs, in dry grass and sage at Gray Cliff and in the other localities in hilly sage-brush locations. Aulocara femoratum Scudder. Gray Cliff, Sweet Grass Co., Montana, Aug. 4, 1 co’. Garden of the Gods, Colorado, Aug. 17, 19 and 23,3 9. As stated by Gillette 1° the females of this species are very similar to the same sex of elliotti, and rather difficult to distinguish. The slenderer caudal femora of jemoratwm are probably one of the best differential characters. The Montana record is the most northerly for the species. The specimen taken in Montana was captured among the dried grasses in prairie land. Had I had more time in this locality I think more specimens could possibly have been taken. In the Garden ‘of the Gods the species was scarce, the only individuals taken being captured in the grass near the western entrance. Aulocara parallelum Scudder. Hillside at Salt Lake City, Utah, Aug. 18, 2 o&, 2 2. Top of Ensign Peak, Salt Lake City, Aug. 13,1 o,1 92. Antlers, Colorado, Aug. 15,2 o. 10 Bull, 94, Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 30, 1904. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 73 The color of the caudal tibiew, which were missing in the types, is similar to that of A. elliotti, with the pale proximal annuli more dis- Fig. 6.—Aulocara parallelum Scudder. Salt Lake City, Utah. female. (X 3.) tinct in the females than in the males. The blackish postocular stripe mentioned by Scudder appears to be a variable character and is absent in some specimens and distinet in others. The Antlers specimens are the first recorded out- side of Salt Lake Valley. This species was scarce in both localities in which it was taken. I found it on dry soil overgrown with sage, and owing to the activity of the individuals not many of even the few seen were taken. The caudal limbs of this species are so loosely attached that they snap off at the least strain and perfect specimens were consequently difficult to secure. CEDIPODIN-£. ARPHIA Stal. Arphia pseudonietana (Thomas). Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 7, 3 6,12. Salt Lake City, Utah, Aug. 13,16. Hill- side at Salt Lake City, Aug. 14, 1 o',1 2. Prairie 25 Lateral view of Fig. 7.—Auloca- ra parallelum Scudder. Salt Lake City, Utah. Dorsal view of head and pronotum offemale. (x _ 3.) 374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Sept., land, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 18, 1 co’, 1 2. Akron, Color- ado, Aug. 24,1 o. This series presents the variation in the intensity of the overlying blotches of dark brown usual in the species, and which in specimens of a light base color produces a strongly maculate type. The specimens from Upper Geyser Basin all have the sutural margin of the tegmina distinctly and broadly marked with pinkish ochraceous. In the Upper Geyser Basin this species was to be found in small numbers in the small grassy spots between the geyser formations and the Firehole river. In the other localities the species was scarce. Its flight is very vigorous and accompanied by a loud clattering. Arphia arcta Scudder. Hill at head of Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 5, RE This specimen has the wings orange red. The individual collected was the only representative of the species seen. CHORTOPHAGA Saussure. Chortophaga viridifasciata (De Geer). St. Louis, Missouri, Aug. 27,12. ENCOPTOLOPHUS Scudder. Encoptolophus coloradensis Bruner. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 17, 1 o. The recognition of this distinct species was quite a surprise. Its closest ally is #. sordidus, from which it is separated by numerous Fig. 8—Encoptolophus coloradensis Bruner. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Colorado. Lateral view of male. (X 3.) characters. The only published record is the original description, the type being from Fort Collins, Colorado. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 375 This specimen was beaten from the rank growth of weeds about a small water-filled depression in the prairie. Owing to the immense number of common species in this place no other specimens of this species was noticed, and much beat- ing in the same locality failed to secure additional specimens. CAMNULA Stal. Camnula pellucida (Scudder). Waco, Montana, Aug. 4, 3 co, 2 9. Emigrant, Montana, Aug. 4,12. Daileys, Montana, Aug. 4, 1 2. Sphinx, Montana, Aug. 4,12. Electric, Mon- tana, Aug. 4,1 2. Muir, Bozeman Tunnel, Montana, Aug. 12,1 c%,2 2. Sappington, Montana, Aug. 12, 1 o. Spire Rock, Montana, Aug. 12,1. Mammoth Fig. 9.—Encop- Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park: hill at head of springs, iolopiias ea Aug. 5, 1 2 ; on geyser formation at the upper end of ner. Knob springs, Aug. 5, 1°. Fountain, Lower Geyser Basin, eee eee Yellowstone Park, Aug. 6,1. Upper Geyser Basin, orado. Dorsal Yellowstone Park, Aug. 7, 1 co. The Thumb, Yel- view of head and pronotum lowstone Park, Aug. 7,1 2. Near Grand Cafion, of male. (*3.) Yellowstone Park, Aug. 10,12. Yellowstone Lake, Aug. 7, 1 2. Upper slope of Dark Cafion, Pike’s Peak, Colorado, Aug. 16,4 0,1 2,1 nymph. The specimens from Waco are very interesting as they are exceed- ingly pale in color, some appearing rather uniform dull straw color with the maculations much reduced and quite feeble; others have the maculations distinct but the lighter shades all the same color as in the other pale individuals. The specimen from geyser formation at Mammoth Hot Springs is coated with the mineral deposit. This species was one of the most plentiful of those found in Montana. At Waco the insects fairly swarmed in the dry prairie grass and sage. In this locality the specimens were extremely pale in coloration; exactly the color of the plants on which they were found. I have never seen greater swarms of insects than those of C. pellucida in the sage at the foot of the hills at Mammoth Hot Springs. The species was everywhere in Montana far more plentiful in the low dry locations, but in Colorado I found it only at a considerable elevation in Dark Cation, Pike’s Peak. One specimen was found in the Mammoth Hot Springs completely coated by the white formation. In another spring quite a few specimens of this and other species were found dead, killed probably by the fumes. 376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Sept., HIPPISCUS Saussure. Hippiscus rugosus (Scudder). St. Louis, Missouri, Aug. 27,1 9. A single specimen of this species was seen and taken in a vacant city lot overgrown with weeds. Hippiscus conspicuus Scudder. Colorado Springs, Aug. 17,1 @. But one specimen of this species was seen. Hippiscus maculatus Scudder. Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park: summit of neighboring foothills, Aug. 5, 1 2 ; summit of foothills of Gallatin Range, Aug. 5, ne. A little doubt is attached to the identification of these specimens. This species was scarce, but other specimens could have been taken had not the country been so hilly. Specimens would rise from the sage-brush hillside and fly some distance much more swiftly than one could follow. Hippiscus altivolus Scudder. Near Mountain View, Pike’s Peak, Colorado, 10,100 feet, Aug. 20,1. This is apparently the first additional record of the species since the eae a3 % A Fig. 10.—Hippiscus altivolus Scudder. Pike’s Peak, Colorado. Lateral view of male. (xX 3.) original description (Mt. Lincoln, Colorado, above timber, 11,000- 13,000 feet above sea-level; Como, Colorado, 9,500 feet). This specimen was found on the cog-wheel railroad track, in a spot where on each side almost the only vegetation was a dense thicket of aspen. The insect’s flight was erratic and exceedingly swift. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 377 Hippiscus neglectus (Thomas). Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 5, 3 2 ; summit of neighboring foothills, Aug. 5, 2 o, 4 2 ; summit of foothills of Gallatin Range, Aug. 5, 3 Q ; hill at head of springs, Aug. 5, 1 co; top of bare hill opposite Devil’s Kitchen, Aug. 5,1 <',3 2. Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 7,1 2. The Thumb, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 7,1. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, 7,000 feet, Aug. 17,1 9. This species varies considerably in size and greatly in the intensity of the color pattern and the sutural stripe. Individuals from Camas Prairie, Idaho, have been used for comparison. About the Mammoth Hot Springs this species was the most plentiful of the larger Orthoptera. It preferred the hillsides to other locations, and, owing to its somewhat lighter form than other species of the genus found in that locality, it proved swift of flight and not always easy to capture. The single specimen taken at The Thumb was found in a small grassy space in the woods. Only one specimen was seen on the grassy prairie at Knob Hill, Colorado Springs. LEPRUS Saussure. Leprus interior Bruner. Salt Lake City, Utah, Aug. 13,1 2. Hillside at Salt Lake City, Aug. 13 and 14,4 6',7 @. These individuals agree well with a pair received from Prof. Bruner labelled Salt Lake City, and as a series are smaller and more conspicu- ously colored than a pair of L. cyaneus from Nephista, Colorado. The latter have the dark bars on the tegmina subobsolete, the light sutural stripes and a transverse median light bar being the only distinct mark- ings. In the Salt Lake specimens the bars are distinct and rather regular, comparatively little variation being exhibited. Several of the latter specimens have the blue of the caudal tibize weaker than in the other individuals. This series was only taken after long and careful search. There was but one place on the steepest portion of Ensign Peak where the insect could be found, and although the females were easily captured when found, the males flew vigorously. So steep was the hillside that it was bare of everything but scattered grasses and an occasional sage-bush. When at rest the insects were wonderfully protected by their colora- tion. DISSOSTEIRA Scudder. Dissosteira carolina (Linnzus). Billings, Yellowstone Co., Montana, Aug. 4,1 o',1 2. Salt Lake 378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Sept., City, Utah, Aug. 13 and 14, 2 2. Grand Junction, Colorado, Aug. 15, 1 &, 1 Y. Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 17, 3 oh, 2 @. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Aug. 17-22, 6 co‘, 1 2. Fort Morgan, Morgan Co., Colorado, Aug. 24,1 9. Everywhere common in dusty locations. Dissosteira longipennis (Thomas). Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 17 and 18,2 ch‘, 1 2. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Aug. 17 and 18,4 3,1 @. Specimens have also been examined from Denyer, Pueblo, Fort Morgan and La Junta, Colorado, and Sidney, Nebraska. A somewhat scarce species and one of the wariest insects collected. I found the specimens on the prairie, and would sometimes be obliged to follow one several hundred yards before an opportunity was offered to capture it. The flight of this insect is swift and high and often of considerable length. Dissosteira spurcata Saussure. Salt Lake City, Utah, Aug. 13 and 14,13 6',5 @. This series exhibits a great amount of variation in the intensity of the color pattern, some individuals being very dull, almost uniform, while others have a strikingly contrasted pattern. As previously remarked by Saussure, this species bears a considerable superficial resemblance to Spharagemon venustum. These specimens were all taken in a field of alfalfa stubble. Although in this locality the species was abundant, specimens were not taken with ease owing to their extreme wariness and their sudden zigzag flight. Their coloration was of great protective value, as when at rest it was almost impossible to distinguish them from the dried alfalfa. SPHARAGEMON Scudder. Spharagemon equale (Say). Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 17 and 18,3 o&',3 2. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Aug. 18,1 co‘, 1 2. Prairie land, Colorado Springs, Aug. 18,1 6',4 2. Salt Lake City, Utah, Aug. 13,2 o',3 9. Hill- side at Salt Lake City, Aug. 14,1 2. One specimen only is collared, a female from the prairie at Colorado Springs. , This species was moderately abundant on the grassy plain near Colorado Springs and was easily captured, as it was by no means as active as other species of the genus. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 379 Spharagemon bolli Scudder. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Colorado, 7,000 feet, Aug. 17, 2 &. Manitou, Colorado, 6,900-7,000 feet, Aug. 23,5 0,3 &. These specimens are not separable from New Jersey specimens of the species. Very few specimens of this species were found on the prairie, but it was quite common on a path leading through pine woods on the hills above Manitou. Spharagemon collare (Scudder). Billings, Yellowstone Co., Montana, Aug. 4,1. Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 17 and 18, 2 &, 4 2. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Aug. 17-22, 14 o&', 37 2. Roggen, Weld Co., Colorado, Aug. 24,1 co. The specimen from Billings is assigned here with some doubt. One of the most plentiful of the large species found on the prairie. Spharagemon collare angustipenne Morse. Salt Lake City, Utah, Aug. 13,2 2. The two individuals recorded here were taken in the stubble field in which Dissosteira spurcata was abundant. This form appeared to be quite scarce. DEROTMEMA Scudder. Derotmema cupidineum Scudder. Whitehall, Jefferson Co., Montana, Aug. 12,1. Grand Junction, Mesa Co., Colorado, Aug.15,4,32. Antlers, Garfield Co., Colorado, Atiox 5: 9) ns) Q* These specimens are slightly larger than the original measurements given by Scudder, but otherwise fit the description quite well. The species appears to be readily separable from D. haydeni by the slightly longer and distinctly slenderer caudal femora. The pectinate char- acter of the metazonal rugosities is not characteristic of haydenz, as each of the above series contains specimens in that respect not differ- ing from haydeni, but the femora show them to be cupidineum. The Grand Junction specimens as a series are more suffused than the Antlers individuals. The previous Colorado records of this species are from White river, near the Utah boundary, Montrose, Grand Junction and Palisades. THe specimens taken at Grand Junction were captured on the re- cently inundated silt along the bank of the Grand river where numer- ous specimens were seen. Those from Antlers were captured on the dry cactus and sage plain. 380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Sept., Derotmema haydenii (Thomas). Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 17, 8 &, 7 2. Prairie land, Colorado Springs, Aug. 18, 3 &', 4 2, 1 immature individual. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Aug. 17-22, 8 o, 8 2. Garden of the Gods, Colorado, Aug. 17 and 23, 4 oh’, 3 2. Fort Morgan, Morgan Co., Colorado, Aug. 24,1 6,1 9. Both red and yellow winged forms are represented in this series. One of the common prairie species, which I often found in large numbers about damp depressions in the prairie and on the sandy borders of several shallow ponds. MESTOBREGMA Scudder." Mestobregma plattei (Thomas). Austin Bluffs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 18,2 2. Garden of the Gods, Colorado, Aug. 23,1 @. But three specimens of this species were seen, although much time was spent searching for additional specimens. The insects were found around stunted pines and bushes growing on cliff-like outcrop- pings in both localities. One specimen had just emerged. The flight of this species is low but swift. Mestobregma kiowa (Thomas). Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park, top of bare hill opposite Devil’s Kitchen, Aug. 5, 1 2. Prairie land, Colorado Springs, Colo- rado, Aug. 18,2 o&, 3 2. Austin Bluffs, Colorado Springs, Aug. 18, 1 2. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Aug. 17-22, 41 &, 40 2. Mani- tou, Colorado, Aug. 16 and 23, 3 d’. Garden of the Gods, Colorado, Aug. 17,15 %,11 2. Roggen, Weld Co., Colorado, Aug. 24,1 2. This large series exhibits the usual amount of variation in macula- tions seen in this species, chiefly in the intensity of those on the head and pronotum and in the line between the discoidal and anal areas of the tegmina. One female from Knob Hill has the anal area of the tegmina sub-roseate. The authors cannot agree with Prof. Bruner’s suppression of the genus Mestobregma (Ent. News, XVI, pp. 259-260) on the grounds that the insect on which it was erected was not (dipoda plattei Thomas, as stated by Scudder, but one later described by Saussure as Psinidia (Trachyrhachis) parda- lina. Granting this to be so, the action of the author, and not his intention, should alone be considered, and as Mestobregma was based on dipoda platter Thomas, regardless of material in hand, it should rest on that specific name. The question of the application of the bird genus Ixoreus Bonaparte is a parallel ease, for discussion of which see Sclater, /bis, 1903, p. 142, the final ruling on which case by the American Ornithologists’ Union Committee on Nomenclature (vide Auk, XX1, p. 424) being similar to the opinion expressed above. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 381 An extremely abundant species wherever found, but swarming in certain grassland locations. Mestobregma thomasi Caudell. St. Louis, Missouri, Aug. 27,3 o',1 9. These specimens are not separable from male individuals from Indiana received from Prof. Blatchley. Found in a field overgrown with tall weeds in the city. METATOR MeNeill. Metator pardalinus (Saussure). Waco, Montana, Aug. 4,1 o&, 3 2. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 17 and 22,1 %,2 2. Prairie land, Colorado Springs, Aug. 18,6 o,2 2. Of the series here mentioned nine possess red or reddish wings, five yellow wings and one (Colorado Springs, prairie, Aug. 18, 2) has the wings orange. The evidence of this material would thus support the view held by Caudell,” who regards Psinidia maculosa Saussure as merely the yellow winged form of pardalinus, an opinion entertained as possible by Saussure in the original description, his words being, ‘Annee preecedentis varietas?’’ The Waco record is the most northern for true pardalinus, but if maculosa is identical the range is extended as far north as Fort McLeod, Alberta. The specimens taken at Waco were captured among the sage-brush where the species appeared extremely plentiful. I also found this species plentiful at Colorado Springs, in the prairie wherever there was a damp depression. The insect is not swift of flight and may be easily taken with a net. CONOZOA Saussure. Conozoa sulcifrons (Scudder). Grand Junction, Mesa Co., Colorado, Aug. 15, 11 @, 12 @. Several specimens of this species were submitted to Mr. A. N. Caudell for comparison with material in the U. 8. National Museum, and his remarks are quite interesting and worthy of record. In part he writes: ‘‘They are not Conozoa wallula; they are either C. sulcijrons or behrensi . . . . I can scarcely tell these species apart. Behrensi is supposed to have shorter wings and elytra, have the median carina of the prozona more deeply cut and have the wing-bands wider. I have 2 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXVI, p. 790. 382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Sept., typical specimens of it from California . . . . these are quite distinct, but a good series before me grades into the sulcijrons form.’’ Speci- mens of behrensi from San Diego and Claremont, California, appear readily separable from the Grand Junction individuals, but these are probably typical specimens. This species has a rather wide distribution, having been recorded from Nogales and the Huachuca mountains, southern Arizona, in addition to the type locality and Grand Junction, Colorado. It would thus appear to be an Upper and Lower Sonoran species. I took this species on the bare silt along the banks of the Grand river. In this locality it was plentiful and many specimens could easily have been taken as their flight is short and not vigorous. The coloration of the insects is undoubtedly of great protective value. TRIMEROTROPIS Stal. Trimerotropis bilobata n. sp. Types: o’ and 9; Antlers, Mesa Co., Colorado, Aug. 15, 1904. Collected by Morgan Hebard. [Hebard Collection.] Fig. 11—Trimerotropis bilobata n. sp. Antlers, Colorado. Lateral view of type: (gs2) This species is one of a number which might with almost equal propriety be placed in either Conozoa or Trimerotropis, but which we have placed here chiefly because McNeill has considered its allied species as a member of Trimerotropis rather than Conozoa. The new form is apparently closely allied to 7. rebellis (Saussure) and differs in the absence of a distinct projecting process on the ventro- caudal angle of the pronotum, in the apparently less distinct lateral 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 383 angles of the pronotum, the more distinct Conozoa-like tegminal bars and the color of the caudal femora. The great elevation of the prozonal section of the median carina of the pronotum immediately separates it from most of the species. No close relationship exists to Conozoa wallula or any of the recently described species of that genus, the whole build being different from that seen in most of the forms of that genus, although C. acuminata approaches it very closely in this respect. Size small; form compressed, slender and elongate; surface finely punctate. Head with the occiput considerably elevated, domed; vertex but slightly lower than the summit of the eyes; fastigium strongly declivent, rather broad in both sexes, greatest width very slightly more than the length, lateral margins distinct and very dis- tinetly converging cephalad, passing into the carine of the frontal costa without interruption, median carina of the fastigium precurrent, less distinct than the lateral margins of the same; frontal costa rather regularly but not strongly expanding ventrad, the margins sub- parallel for a short distance around the median ocellus, median sections distinct suleate, less so dorsad, the marginal carine reaching the clypeal margin ;antennz slightly less than twice the length of the head and pronotum, slightly depressed ; eye subovoid, moderately promi- nent particularly in the male, slightly greater than (male) or equal to (female) the length of the infra- STEN SONGS Ons Ein rather Fig. 12.—Trimerotropis bilobata n. sp. narrow; cephalic margin of the dor- Wing. (X 2.) sum very obtuse-angulate, caudal margin very slightly obtuse-angulate; median carine cristate on the prozona and strongly divided into two lobes by the first sulcus, the incision being V-shaped and quite broad in the male and very narrow in the female, the cephalic lobe is subtrigonal in the male and lower and more longitudinally rounded in the female, second lobe equal to the first lobe in height and rounded dorsad in both sexes; carina of the metazona subcristate in both sexes; prozona about two-thirds the length of the metazona; lateral angles of the disk very distinct, and slightly carinate on the cephalic section of the metazona; lateral lobes slightly deeper than long, the ventro-caudal angle rounded with a very shght indication of a ventral blunt protuberance. Tegmina elongate, narrow, subequal in width, the costal dilation 384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Sept., slight and rounded; apex slightly recurved dorsad, rounded obliquely truneate; intercalary vein distinct, about intermediate in position except dorsad where it regularly approaches and joins the median vein. Wings long and narrow, the width being contained twice in the length; costal margin evenly and very gently arcuate in the distal half; apex very narrowly rounded; axillary field arcuate apically. Caudal femora quite slender, gently tapering, the width contained about three and a half times in the length, pregenicular constriction not great, pagina rather flat, the sculpturing regular and quite distinct; caudal tibize with nine spines on the external margins. General colors ecru drab overlaid with bistre in the male, the lighter color on the head and pronotum hoary white. Head with the facial and costal carine maculate with blackish brown, a large maculation beneath the base of each antenna and the ventral section of the eye marked with the same color in the male, the ventro-caudal section of the gene being washed with the same tint and a postocular stripe indicated, while the fastigium is marked with pale cinnamon-rufous and a pair of arcuate diverging bars of the same color are present on occiput as well as a blackish interocular bar on the vertex; antennze rather broadly annulate with the two general colors. Female with the head finely sprinkled with blackish spots with a trace of a light postocular bar. Pronotum of the male with a median bistre area which narrows caudad and the lateral lobes of prozona are strongly washed with bistre, forming a contrast with the hoary metazona. Pro- notum of the female marked much as in the male, but the whole darker and without light colors, while the lateral angles of the disk and a distinct oblique bar on the lateral lobes of the prozona are darker than any of the other pronotal markings. Tegmina with two complete trans- verse bars, one median, one at the proximal fourth and an incomplete bar just distad of the median transverse one, which is broader mesad than at the costal and sutural margins, the bar at the basal fourth toward the sutural margin approaching the median bar and also extending proximad in the intercalary region; distal third with small irregular maculations which are chiefly along the veins. Wings with the transverse bar bistre and situated in the middle, quite narrow as the width is not quite a third and a little more than a fourth of the width of the wing, caudad the band arches very slightly proximad and only slightly suffuses the caudal margin, the stigma broad and heavy and extending about half way to the base; distal section hyaline with the longitudinal veins broadly suffused with bistre toward the apex; proximal half primrose yellow. Cephalic and median limbs 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 385 ecru drab distinctly annulate with bistre. Caudal femora ecru drab with three distinct very dark bars and a solidly colored genicular region, the bars being paler laterad than dorsad, the pregenicular annulus ochraceous buff; caudal tibie rather dull citron yellow touched with spots of fuscous and with the genicular sections bistre and the tips of the spines blackish. Measurements. SS ro) Iba Gi lochs gs. 2 Be aa eo Me pelle) Miran, 245 Sonn, entthvolpronotuni ene Ae oto i ae Ihengthvofitecment)/a)5 sens APT 2 BIZ) SS PAO) Wenpiih-offcaud al femiunaeenen eee Ss 1a 69s alaaay A series of one male and two female paratypic specimens have been examined in addition to the types. The paratypic male has the markings slightly more subdued than in the male type. One of the female specimens is marked as in the male type with strongly con- trasted colors, except that the tegmina have the bars somewhat obsolete and the anal area with the veins more strongly lined with dark. The remaining female specimen is colored much the same as the type, except that the bars of the tegmina are slightly less con- spicuous. The female type is slightly larger than the paratypic individuals of the same sex, while the additional male is slightly larger than the type. This species was found in the arid valley of the Grand river near Antlers station, where the only vegetation was a heavy growth of low eactus interspersed with occasional sage. Specimens were by no means uncommon and could have been easily taken in numbers had the cactus not interfered so much with collecting, as when alarmed the individuals would invariably seek refuge in the dense beds of cactus. Orthoptera were not present in great numbers at this locality but the few species represented were quite interesting. The species Moloplus chenopodii was the most abundant and most striking. Trimerotropis gracilis (Thomas). Antlers, Garfield Co., Colorado, Aug. 15,3 2. This very distinct species has been recorded from localities ranging from central Idaho to Salt Lake Valley and Colorado. Thomas has recorded it also from the northern boundary (49th parallel) of Mon- tana and Dakota, and Seudder includes Nebraska in its range. Caudell has definitely recorded this species from Durango, Colorado, and Gillette credits it to nineteen localities in the same State, the most eastern 386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {Sept., of which are Greeley and Pueblo, the majority being west of the divide. This species was found among the cactus and sage in the dry bottom lands of the Grand river valley. The insects were by no means plentiful and were also extremely shy. Trimerotropis cincta (Thomas). Manitou, Colorado, 6,700-7,000 feet, Aug. 23, 11,4 2. The above series shows considerable variation in the strength of the median carina of the fastigium, some individuals having it strongly marked and in others it is hardly perceptible. The color of the caudal tibiz is quite variable in this species, as already noticed by McNeill, and the series in hand exhibits the following: ten with the distal three- fourths of the caudal tibie greenish yellow, four with the same bluish green, and one red. According to Gillette this species is found in the mountains and foot- hills of Colorado at altitudes ranging between 6,000 and 10,000 feet, and on both slopes of the divide. In his series of ninety-five speci- mens the hind tibiee were without exception bluish or yellowish on the distal portion. The species has been recorded from Nebraska, in addition to New Mexico and Colorado. The collection of the Academy contains specimens from Salida, Manitou Park and Fort Collins (Horse- tooth Mountain), Colorado. : This species was plentiful on a path among stunted pines on the upper slopes of the foothills back of Manitou. The location would have made it particularly difficult to capture specimens had not the individuals apparently trusted to their protective coloration. A close approach was necessary to cause them to take wing. Trimerotropis ferruginea McNeill. Daileys, Park Co., Montana, Aug. 4,1 co. Sphinx, Park Co., Mon- tana, Aug. 4, 3 o', 2 9. Spire Rock, Montana, Aug. 12,1 @ (‘‘on bare mountain’’). Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 7, 4c. The specimen from Spire Rock is assigned to this species with con- siderable doubt, as it is larger and has a rather different facies, but does not appear to be any closely allied form. The males from Upper Geyser Basin appear rather different from the Daileys and Sphinx specimens, being a little smaller and more like the Spire Rock individual in their somewhat more robust form, though considerably smaller size. This species is probably little more than a form of bijasciata, and hardly worthy of a name in view of the great amount of individual variation found in most of the species of the genus. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 387 This species was found in rather bare mountainous sections and on the formation about the larger Yellowstone geysers. Trimerotropis monticola Saussure. Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park, Aug. 5,1 2. Summit of foothills, Mammoth Hot Springs, Aug. 5, 1 o. These specimens agree quite well with Nebraska, Colorado and Wyoming specimens in the collection of the Academy. The specimens examined present considerable variation in the length of the tegmina. This appears to be the first record of the species north of Colorado, except Tie-Siding, Wyoming, from which locality Gillette has recorded it. These specimens were taken in the more hilly portions about the Mammoth Hot Springs, where, on account of the character of the country, they were captured with difficulty. The individuals fly swiftly and for long distances when alarmed. Trimerotropis preclara McNeill. Grand Junction, Mesa Co., Colorado, Aug. 15,5 o', 1 Q. This species has the fuscous band of the wing very broad, slightly more than one-third the length of the same, and well continued around on the caudal margin, while the spur is almost absent, the disk very pale greenish yellow, and the apex hyaline except for the infuseation of some of the veins. The light base color is almost bone white in some specimens, and distinctly washed with rufous in others. This species is known only from Salt Lake, Utah, and Sidney, Ne- braska, in addition to the locality here given. Among the bushes growing in the silt deposit along the banks of the Grand river these specimens were secured. The species was by no means as plentiful as T. montana, which was found in the same locality. Trimerotropis laticincta Saussure. Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 17,6. o,5 2. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Aug. 18-22,7 o', 4 2. This series exhibits considerable variation in the intensity of the bands of the tegmina, and in the shade of the light basic color. In some the latter is decidedly reddish, in others pale yellowish, and in the majority dull ochraceous. The caudal tibie are more orange in some specimens than in others, and the pronotum varies from dull ferruginous through warm browns to dull olive, and in one specimen dull blackish-brown. As far as can be determined from the material in hand Seudder’s 388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Sept., T. latijasciata from Utah is the same as this, and his name would have precedence. However, as no Utah material is available I prefer to use Saussure’s name, provisionally at least, for specimens from eastern Colorado. The evidence given by Cockerell * regarding the difference in color characters of individuals of this species taken in coitu is especially interesting in view of the value which has been attached to the char- acters there mentioned, 7.e., bands on the inner face of the caudal femora, and the width and curve of the wing band. Not much lati- tude is needed in these characters to connect forms like laticincta and latifasciata and melanoptera. Gillette does not consider latifasciata and laticincta separable from 7’. citrina.™ This species has been recorded from Fort Collins, Montrose, Grand Junction, Denver, Baileys and Golden, Colorado, by Caudell. One of the more common of the larger prairie land species. The flight of this insect was less vigorous than is usual in species of the genus. Trimerotropis melanoptera McNeill. Colorado Springs, Colorado, Aug. 18, 1 &. Knob Hill, Colorado Springs, Aug. 17 and 18, 2 o', 1 2. Prairie land, Colorado Springs, Aug. 18,1 &. Two of these specimens agree well in the color of the tegmina with a topotypic (Silver City) male, while three have the bars more prominent and contrasting with the lighter base color. The metazona of the pronotum is paler than the prozona in these three specimens, and in two of them the contrast is as great as in 7’. monticola. The black areas of the wings appear to be slightly less extensive than the specimens described by MeNeill. The senior author’s 7. snowi ® may prove to be but a form of this with a less extensive black area on the wings. From the material then in hand it appeared well worthy of separation, but the additional material shows variability which weakens its status. This species was scarce even on the prairie land which appeared to be its favorite habitat. In habits it much resembled 7’. laticincta. Trimerotropis strenua McNeill. Salt Lake City, Utah, Aug. 13 and 14,4c°,8 @. This species is very close to 7. californica Bruner, and probably 18 Proc. Davenp. Acad. Sci. IX, p. 38. 4 Bull. 94, Colo. Agr. Exp Sta., pp. 35-36. 8 Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., XTX, p. 223. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 389 should be considered nothing more than a race of it. The bars of the tegmina are usually somewhat narrower and the caudal tibiz not quite so deep in color. The majority of the specimens have a more or less distinct ferruginous or ochraceous wash suffusing the tegmina, while several have the lighter sections without the same, and clear bone white in color as in the pair of californica used for comparison. os oy a Sn ae 35) Fig. 47.—Reboides bicornis Cope. wards, 2 lateral subequal on upper jaw, and 4 mandibulars equally placed. On each side of upper jaw a well-developed canine, and 2 series of smaller similar teeth between or in front, other teeth all smaller and uniserial. Small teeth in mandible with 4 canines, an- teriorly median pair close or at symphysis. Maxillary with a number of large denticles of rather irregular size. Tongue long, slender and 1906.1 NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 459 little free. Interorbital space convex, and moderately broad. Gill- opening forward to front rim of orbit. Rakers 6 + 9, slender, pointed, a little shorter than longest filaments which are nearly as long as orbit. Tubes in lateral line simple. Color in alcohol faded brownish, lower surface paler, and everywhere with more or less silvered reflections. Fins pale or nearly uniform brownish. Length 24 inches (caudal damaged). Type. Cynopotamus gulo Cope. Fig. 48. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soe. Phila., XI, 1869-70 (August 19, 1870), p. 565. Cotypes, Nos. 8,053 (type) to 8,055, A. N.S. P. Pebas, Eastern Peru. John Hauxwell. Width of head 34 in its length; interorbital space 4. Body strongly compressed. Head strongly compressed. Snout long as_ broad. Teeth in upper jaw uniserial, 4 enlarged canines, and several a little smaller laterally as median pair of former are close together. About 10 canines in mandible, 5 on each side anteriorly, and subequally large. | Fig. 48 —Cynopotamus gulo Cope. Other teeth all small like those on maxillary, though forming 2 series anteriorly. Tongue small, fleshy, rounded in front and little free. Interorbital space broad and little convex. Gill-opening forward about front margin of pupil. Rakers tv, 2 + 7, 1, lanceolate, and much longer than filaments or 3 of orbit. Lateral line of simple tubes. Color in aleohol brownish. A more or less narrow leaden streak from shoulder to base of caudal, with a slightly dusky blotch at humeral region and one at base of caudal. Abdomen showing through pale 460 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct., brownish. Head more or less silvered. Fins uniform dark brownish. Tris dark brownish. Length 3,; inches (caudal damaged). Type. Two larger examples in good preservation show: Head 32 and 34; depth 34 and 3; D. 7, 9; A. v, 41, 1 and v, 39,1; P. 1, 15 and 1, 14; V.u, 7;scales about 76 or 77 in lateral line to base of caudal, and about 5 or 6 more on latter; about 16 scales obliquely back from origin of dorsal to lateral line; about 20 scales between origin of anal and lateral line; about 46 or 47 scales before dorsal; 8 scales obliquely back from origin of adipose dorsal; width of head 2% and 275 in its length; depth of head 14 and 12 over posterior margin of orbit; snout 3; eye 4} and 43; maxillary 14 and 14; mandible 14 and 14; interorbital space 3; base of dorsal 22 and 24; least depth of caudal peduncle 32 and 332; total length of specimens (caudal damaged) 6% and 7+ inches respec- tively. Pebas, Peru. John Hauxwell. This species will fall within my subgenus Eucynopotamus, with the scales a little large, about 75 in the lateral line. Acestrorhamphus hepsetus (Cuvier). Xiphorhamphus hepsetus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soe. Phila., XX XIII, 1894 (January 5), p. 85. Brazilian province of Rio Grande do Sul. H. H. Smith. Head 34; depth 33 to 32; D. 1, 9; A. v, 24, 1 to v, 26, 1; scales about 76 in lateral line to base of caudal and several more on latter; snout 23 to 344 in head; eye 43 to 54; maxillary 13 to 14; interorbital space 5; pectoral 14 to 14; ventral 1{ to 2; least depth of caudal peduncle 34 to 4; gill-rakers v or v1, 2 or3 + Sor9,andirtotv. Two examples. SPHYRNOCHARAX subgen. nov. Type Xiphorhamphus abbreviatus Cope. Body rather deep, 34 to 4. (*gbpava, Sphyrena; zap¢5, Charax.) Acestrorhynchus brachycephalus (Cope). Xiphorhamphus brachycephalus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soe. Phila., XXXII, 1894 (January 5), p. 84, Pl. 4, fig. 1. Cotypes, Nos. 21,728 (type) and 21,917, A. N.S. P. Brazilian province of Rio Grande do Sul. H. H. Smith. Width of head 2 in its length; interorbital space 4. Body compressed and edges all more or less rounded. Head compressed. Snout con- vex and a little broader than long. Teeth on palatines uniserial, little smaller than those along maxillary and side of mandible where compressed. Canines 4 in front of each jaw, at symphysis, not close. Tongue triangularly pointed and free. Interorbital space a little convex. Gill-opening forward opposite posterior nostril. Rakers 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 461 Iv, 6 + 11, tv, pointed, longest 3 of filaments which are 2 of orbit. Each scale with several fine strie. Color in aleohol brownish, sides brassy or silvered. Back a little darker than other portions. Fins all brownish, dorsal and caudal a little darker. A large blackish blotch, a little larger than iris, at base of caudal and extending out on middle caudal rays. An indistinct grayish humeral blotch. Iris brownish, a little darker above. Length 62 inches (caudal damaged). Type. Other example shows: Head 34; depth 34; D. 11, 9; A. rv, 25, 1; scales about 55 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 4 more on latter; snout 32; eye 4; maxillary 12; interorbital space 44. Acestrorhynchus abbreviatus (Cope). Fig. 49.) Xiphorhamphus abbreviatus Cope, Proc Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 687. Cotypes, Nos. 21,532 (type), 21,105 to aoe and 21,982 and 21,983, A. N.S. P. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. rton. Width of head 24 in its length; interorbital space 34. Body well compressed, and edges of body rounded except thorax, which has a Fig. 49.—Acestrerhynchus abbreviatus (Cope). large median keel. Postdorsal region, and both upper and lower surfaces of caudal peduncle, somewhat flattened and level. Head compressed. Snout a trifle longer than wide. Teeth in jaws rather irregular canines, about 6 well developed in upper and 8 in lower. Other teeth small, those on rami of mandible posteriorly fine, and 31 462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct., similar to those extending whole length of bone. A long series of still finer palatine teeth. Interorbital space broad and a trifle convex. Gill-opening forward opposite anterior nostril. Rakers 8 + 10 rudimentary denticles. Filaments 3 of orbit. Tubes in lateral line simple. Vent shortly before anal fin. Color in aleohol brownish- brassy, back a little darker than rest of body and with some metallic greenish tints. Fins all pale greenish-brown, each one more or less grayish or pale dusky marginally. Base of caudal with a blackish blotch a little less than orbit. Adipose fin brownish. Iris mostly dark brownish, reddish below. Length 8% inches (caudal damaged). Type. The others show: Head 3 to 34; depth 34 to 4; D. 1,9; A. v, 20, 1 to v, 24, 1; scales about 80 to 95 in lateral line to base of caudal, and about 5 more on latter; snout 3 in head; eye 44 to 54; maxillary 14 to 13; interorbital space 34 to 32; least depth of caudal peduncle 4} to 42; length of body 5% to 84 inches. Subgenus ACESTRORHYNCHUS Eigenmann. Body elongate, depth 6 or 7. Acestrorhynchus falcirostris (Cuvier). Xiphorhamphus falcirostris Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 688. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Head 3% to 34; D. 11, 9; A. v, 21, 1; width of head 32 to 32 in its length; snout 2} to 23; eye 4? to 54; maxillary 1; to 14; interorbital space 3} to 5; least depth of caudal peduncle 5; leneth (caudals dam- aged) 64 to 11 inches. Two examples from the collections of 1873 and 1877. Acestrorhynchus heterolepis (Cope). Fig. 50. Xiphorhamphus heterolepis Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soe. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 687. Cotypes, Nos. 21,246 (type) to 21,248, A.N.S. P. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Width of head 34 in its length; interorbital space 33. Body com- pressed, edges rounded and upper and lower surfaces of caudal peduncle bevelled. Chest with a median keel. Head well compressed. Snout convex above, and its width 12 in its length. Teeth along edges of jaws uniserial above, 2 canines at tip in front, midway in length of snout a large canine on each side a little inside, and 3 more between it and front of eye becoming larger as they progress back. In man- dible 4 canines at symphysis, all well separated, and second pair largest. Just behind second pair 1 or 2 small teeth, then 3 enlarged canines middle of which is largest, and then follows a single series of small teeth like those along edge of maxillary. A single long series ———— 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 463 of small pointed palatine teeth. Tongue conic, elongate and free. Interorbital space a little convex. Gill-opening forward opposite front margin of eye. Rakers absent, edge of first branchial arch trenchant and finely asperous, with about 21 + 37 finely asperous laminze externally. Filaments + of eye. Tubes in lateral line at least bifurcate. Color in alcohol brownish, greenish tints evidently due to copper, and with brassy reflections. Fins unmarked, except Fig. 50.—Acestrorhynchus heterolepis (Cope). base of caudal, which has a black spot medianly about size of pupil. Tris brown. Length 144 inches (caudal damaged). Type. The other examples show: Head 31 to 34; depth 5 to 6; D. u, 9; A. v, 23 or 24, 1; scales about 120 to 130 in lateral line to base of caudal; snout 14 to 24 in head; eye 5+ to 54; interorbital space 44 to 54; least depth of caudal peduncle 54 to 52; length (caudal damaged) 72 to 102 inches. Xiphostoma maculatum Valenciennes. Xiphostoma tedo Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (1872), p. 267, Pl. 13, fig. 2. Cotypes, Nos. 7,958 (type) and 7,959, A. N.S. P. Ambyiacu River. John Hauxwell. Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 688. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton Width of head 4% in its length; interorbital space 54. Body well compressed and edges rounded. Head broad and flattened, sides be- coming constricted below. Snout depressed above, a little flattened. Teeth in jaws uniform, uniserial and recurved. A rather broad finely asperous tract on each palatine. Tongue triangular and not free. Interorbital space broad and flat. Most osseous areas on head rugosely striate. Gill-opening forward opposite anterior margin of orbit. 464 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {Oct., Rakers v, 2 + 7, v1, lanceolate, and much shorter than filaments, which are about half of eye. Color in alcohol brownish, color of back — well separated from paler color of lower surface, and without markings. Tip of snout brownish. Fins all pale brownish, bases of caudal lobes with pale brownish bars. Faded marks or traces of bars, as indicated by Cope, are evident. Iris brassy. Length 7} inches (caudal dam- aged). Type. The others show: Head 22 to 23; depth 64 to 8; D. m1, 8; A. 111, 8, 1; scales 77 to 80 in lateral line to base of caudal, and several more on latter; snout 12 to 14 in head; eye 8+ to 9$; interorbital space 4% to 5%; least depth of caudal peduncle 4? to 6; length 7}% to 12% inches (caudal damaged). BELONOCHARAX een. nov. Type Belonocharax beani sp. nov. Related to Boulengerella Eigenmann, but differing in the larger scales, which are about 50, while in the latter they are about 88. Lateral line incomplete. (Belém, Belone, the Old World Gar; yaa, Charax.) Belonocharax beani sp. nov. Fig. 51. Head 24; depth 7; D. m1, 8; A. m1, 8, 1; P. 1, 18; V. 1, 7; scales in lateral line, or those with tubes, 27, and count continued to base of caudal 18, also 5 more on latter; 5 scales obliquely forward from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 8 scales obliquely back from origin of adipose fin to lower surface of caudal peduncle; 5 scales obliquely for- ward from origin of ventral to lateral line; 35 scales before dorsal; width of head 3? in its length; depth of head at posterior edge of pre- opercle 2; snout 21; eye 8%; tip of snout to posterior extremity of maxillary 12; mandible 12; interorbital space 5; second dorsal ray 23; third anal ray 3; least depth of caudal peduncle 42; pectoral 22; ventral 3h. Body long, rather slender, well compressed, trunk of more or less even depth, and middle of back evidently levelled but without any distinct keels on each side above. Lower edges of body evidently rounded. Postdorsal, postadipose dorsal and postanal edges of body flattened a trifle, and edge on each side a rather obsolete keel. Caudal peduncle well compressed, its length about 3 its least depth. Head long, attenuate, or in a long triangle, well compressed, flattened or rather broadened above, and sides becoming constricted somewhat below. Jaws long, tapering, robust, rather depressed, upper project- 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. — 465 ing, flattened towards tip, pyramidal, and mandible rather broader with convex surface or of swollen appearance. Profile of snout a little convex at first, then merging into nearly straight upper profile of head. Profile of mandible at first a little concave, then a little convex. Hye a little posterior in head, high, and a trifle longer than deep. Mouth forming a slight arch. Lips not evident except as a narrow cutaneous fold along margin of mandible. Maxillary narrowly exposed oblique, and extending distal extremity posteriorly till about opposite posterior margin of pupil. Edge of maxillary with fine teeth. Tip of upper jaw a hard or tough point. Teeth in jaws uniserial, rather small, of more or less equal size, compressed or cultrate, crowded one after the other and all directed backwards. When jaws close upper teeth slip over sides of mandibular. In front of upper jaw a A- shaped patch of conic teeth progressing in size to outermost, which is Fig. 51.—Belonocharax beani Fowler. thus canine-like. There are also several other smaller conic teeth still exterior to latter. No teeth at symphysis of mandible. On roof of mouth near front of upper jaw on each side, a short series of several rather irregular small denticles. Buccal membranes broad, reaching first 2 in length of jaws. Tongue flattened, free, rounded as viewed from above, and its tip falling about last 2 in length of snout. Bones of head all more or less finely rugose-striate. Opercular flap rather broad. Gill-opening extending forward about opposite anterior margin of pupil. Gill-rakers about 8 + 11 short denticles, longest barely more than half of pupil. Filaments about 2 of orbit. Isthmus narrow, slender, edge rounded. Bones of shoulder-girdle, where exposed, with shght striz. Scales large, of more or less uniform size, each one striate and ctenoid. Scales on breast and bases of caudal and anal smaller than 466 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct., those on body. Ventral with a small axillary scale. Lateral line, incomplete, midway on side, starting from shoulder, of simple tubes, and ending about 2 scales before origin of dorsal. Dorsal inserted well posterior or near last 2 in head and trunk, and second ray evidently highest, others graduated down. Adipose fin placed in last third of space between origin of dorsal and base of caudal, and its length a little less than eye. Anal inserted behind middle of base of dorsal, or nearer base of caudal than that of ventral, and third ray longest, or others graduated down. Caudal forked, lobes pointed. Pectoral reaching less than half way to ventral. Ventral a little more than half way to anal. Vent close in front of anal. Color in aleohol dull or pale brown, back a deeper shade than lower surface. About 8 longitudinal darker streaks of brownish than general body-color, those below paler. Head brown, lower surface paler. Fins pale brown, dorsal and caudal perhaps a trifle darker. Base of upper caudal lobe with its lower lobe marked with a jet-black blotch a little larger than pupil. Iris pale brownish. Length about 11 inches (caudal damaged). Type, No. 16,642, A. N. S. P. Truando, Rio Atrato basin in the Isthmus of Darien, Colombia. From the Smithsonian Institution (No. 1,658). I am indebted to Mr. Barton A. Bean for the data concerning this fish. According to him it approaches Xiphostoma hujeta Valenciennes, a species very imperfectly described though, which it seems to resemble so far as the original account permits. Provisionally at least it had best be considered distinct. (Named for Mr. Barton A. Bean, Assistant Curator of Fishes, United States National Museum.) Hydrolycus pectoralis (Giinther). Hydrolycus pectoralis Cope, Proce. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 688. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Head 4 to 43; depth 34 to 32; D. 1, 10; A. 11, 45, 1 usually, sometimes varying to 43 or 46; scales usually 90 in lateral line to base of caudal; snout 34 to 44 in head, measured from tip of upper jaw; eye, meas- ured vertically, 2 to 34; interorbital space 33 to 44; total length 54 to Slinches. Six examples from collections of 1873 and 1877. Hydrolyous scomberoides (Cuvier). Hydrolycus scomberoides Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (1872), p. 292. Between the mouth of the Rio Negro and the Peruvian Amazon or Ucayale River. Robert Perkins. Head 44; depth 3; D. 1, 10; A. 11, 40, 1; scales about 112 in lateral 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 467 line to base of caudal, though pores much fewer; snout 4 in head, measured from tip of upper jaw; eye 4; maxillary 14; interorbital space 4; least depth of caudal peduncle 3; length 10? inches. Rhaphiodon vulpinus Agassiz. Raphiodon vulpinus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soe. Phila., XX VII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 688. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Head 4% to 5; depth 4% to 54; D. 11, 10; A. rv, 40 to 42, 1; scales about 120 in lateral line to base of caudal, and about 8 more on latter ; snout 3% to 33% in head; eye 44 to 44; maxillary 17 to 14; interorbital space 54 to 6; least depth of caudal peduncle 34 to 334; length of body (caudal damaged) 10 to 122 inches. Two examples in collections of 1873 and 1877. Cyuodon gibbus (Agassiz). Raphiodon gibbus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 688. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Head 42 to 4£; depth 34 to 32; D. 1, 10; A. Iv, 72, 1 to 1?, 83?, 1; scales 90 to 100 in lateral line to base of caudal; snout 34 to 4 in head, measured from tip of upper jaw; eye 34 to 32; maxillary 17 to 14; interorbital space 34 to 34; least depth of caudal peduncle 3 to 33; length (caudal damaged) 6 to 6% inches. Two examples in the collec- tion of 1873. DISTICHODONTINA, Distichodus rudolphi:Giinther. Fig. 52. Proce. Zool. Soc. London, 1896 (February 4), p. 223. Cotype, No. 14,559 (type), A. N.S. P. Lake Rudolf, Central Africa. Dr. A. D. Smith. Fig. 52.—Distichodus rudolphi Ginther. 468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF {Oct., Width of head 2} in its length; interorbital space 4. Body com- pressed with edges all more or less rounded. Head compressed, con- vexly round or not especially broad above, and sides becoming con- stricted below. Snout broader than long and surface convex. Teeth in jaws rather weak, though well developed, compressed, uniserial and bidentate. Tongue free and rounded as seen above. Interor- bital space rather broad and slightly convex. Gill-opening forward opposite anterior margin of eye. Rakers reduced as minute tuber- cles, and filaments a trifle less than orbit. Lateral line with simple tubes. Vent close in front of anal. Color in aleohol brownish, sides and lower surface paler, inclining to whitish and all more or less silvered. Lower surface of head also silvered. A pale or dull slaty humeral blotch about size of pupil. A dull or pale dusky diffuse blotch at base of caudal. Fins all pale brownish, dorsal and caudal a trifle darker, and median rays of latter also pale dusky. Iris pale brassy. Length 24 inches (caudal damaged). Type. SERRASALMINAB. Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier). Serrasalmo piraya Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XI, 1869-70 (August 19, 1870), p. 566. Para. De Schulte Buckow. Head 23; depth 18; D. I, 1, 12; A. 101, 29, 1; abdominal serratures 32 to vent; scales about 75 in lateral line to base of caudal and about 8 more on latter; about 33 scales between origin of dorsal and lateral line; about 28 seales between origin of anal and lateral line; about 46 scales before origin of dorsal; about 13 scales obliquely back from origin of adipose fin to lateral line; width of head 2% in its length; mandible 22; pectoral 14; ventral 24; least depth of caudal peduncle 32;snout 44 in head, measured from tip of upper jaw; eye 34; maxillary 24; interorbital space 3. In alcohol more or less uniform brownish, margins of caudal broadly a little darker brownish. Iris brassy, brownish above and below. Length 3} inches. Pygocentrus nattereri Kner. Serrasalmo nattereri Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (1872), p. 292. Between the mouth of the Rio Negro and the Peruvian Amazon or Ucayale River. Robert Perkins. Head 24 to 23; depth 13 to 142; D. I, 1, 14,1 to 16,1; A. I, 11, 25,1 to 28, 1; abdominal serratures 25 to 28; scales 72 to 86 in lateral line to base of caudal and 5 to 10 more continued out on latter; 34 to 38 scales obliquely back from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 30 to 37 scales between origin of anal and lateral line; 15 or 16 scales obliquely back from adipose fin to lateral line; 50 to 54 scales before dorsal; mandible 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 469 24 to 23 in head ; pectoral 13 to 13; ventral 3 to 34; least depth of caudal peduncle 33 to 42; snout 4 to 44 in head, measured from tip of upper jaw; eye 32 to 54; maxillary 2% to 3; interorbital space 21 to 34; total length of body (with slightly damaged caudal) 2? to 64 inches. Alto- gether 5 examples, the largest from between the mouth of the Rio Negro and the Peruvian Amazon or Ucayale river. Of the others 2 belong to Orton’s first collection (1873). The remaining 2 examples are small. They are marked with a number of small round brownish spots, each about the size of the pupil, and producing an effect simi- lar to that seen on some examples of Ephippus argus. The caudal is margined, within the lobes, and shaded basally with deep brownish. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Coll. 1877. Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes. Serrasalmo humeralis Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (1872), p. 292. Between the mouth of the Rio Negro and the Peruvian Amazon or Ucayale River. Robert Perkins. Head 23; depth 1 to 1,9,; D. I, u, 14, 1 to 15,1; A. I, m1, 29, 1 to 30, 1; scales about 75 to 80 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 6 or 7 more on latter; 32 or 33 scales down from origin of dorsal to lateral line; 34 or 35 scales down from lateral line to origin of anal; abdominal seutes 30 to 32; mandible 24 to 2} in head; pectoral 14 to 12; ventral 22 to 24; least depth of caudal peduncle 34 to 33; snout 4 in head, measured from tip of upper jaw; eye 4 to 42; maxillary 22 to 24; interorbital space 3 to 34; total length of body (caudals damaged) 43 to 5¢ inches. Two examples. Serrasalmus maculatus (Kner). Serrasalmo maculatus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XI, 1869-70 (August 19, 1870), p. 566. Para. De Schulte Buckow. Head 22; depth 12; D. I, m1, 12; A. I, 1, 29, 1; scales about 77 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 5 more on latter; about 31 scales between origin of dorsal and lateral line; about 32 between origin of anal and lateral line; abdominal scutes 31; mandible 24 in head; pectoral 13; ventral 24; least depth of caudal peduncle 32; snout 44 in head, measured from tip of upper jaw; eye 44; maxillary 24; inter- orbital space 32; length of body 32 inches (caudal damaged). Serrasalmus esopus (Cope). Fig. 53. Serrasalmo esopus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (1872), p. 269. Type, No. 7,914, A. N.S. P. From the Marafion, between the mouth of the Rio Negro, Brazil, and the Huallaga, Peru. Robert Perkins. Width of head 2, in its length; interorbital space 23 in head, meas- ured from tip of upper jaw. Body strongly compressed. Predorsal region, and postdorsal to adipose fin, with slight median ridge. Chest PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct., 470 5 sos Meet oe oO i oO Sic SS8nKR’ s Pe” Sega BE a oe on Bl pS) ss e ee re Hed gg? a Qeogts g or 8 oo fom od > chi} se) COS eee eeoeccs [=| ae Shap S Ba oe Cs) Ook go S Folns OO le} Ss ue ae OER sc eh ier ce a ® ¥ OO Veh oie oye sy als gedg oa > Sues) hose elle =f cee Cole (alee D5hSBER OS eer Se rate SO apelatoy as 7 arn”«d ant. os i be Need ae Wie rf — eo) Sl att Sha oc) cPinoRISl (TI () =p ts a 8 o mm de ee Bin @ osSFfFakr,., m ~ > @., 6 ooo Sh Dia se 2 & SEES ES a Roa nese a irs as pret es es ey sTG EE 8 Oro Ss Lol Sire ae) N = 7 5 8 2 ioeed Sosy av au a mos a ~ oe oe 5 ey rae fo ae] Ro aS pod etre} Atay HA Ty IS 5 oe fon 3 o Se) ies ea ee e388 semM@Hdwod met Pane ate ee >: a rege SESS pass Fig. 53.—Serrasalmus wsopus (Cope). Tongue little free, papillose and with cutaneous fringe corresponding to teeth. Palatine teeth 5, small and uniserial. or less Interorbital space broad and convex. Gill-open- surface papillose. Rakers 14 + 12, more or less rudimentary, or about 5 or 6 on ceratobranchial a little enlarged, and all much shorter than filaments which are nearly equal to orbit. ing forward to front rim of pupil. Vent close in front of Tubes a little bifureate, or decurved usually. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 471 anal and not surrounded by abdominal serratures. Color in alcohol faded brownish, back from level with occiput deeper and without brassy tint of lower surface of body. Body also with more or less silvered or brassy reflections. Caudal with a rather broad pale margin, then submarginally rather broadly deep dusky, otherwise pale. Anal with margin rather broadly brownish and base also a little brown. Other fins all more or less pale. Iris yellowish, brownish above. Length 5{ inches. Serrasalmus iridopsis (Cope). Serrasalmo iridopsis Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (1872), p. 268. Pl. 9, fig. 2. Type, No. 7,913, A. N.S. P. Ambyiacu River, Equador. John Hauxwell. Width of head 24 in its length; interorbital space 34, measured from tip of snout. Body compressed. Head well compressed and robust. Snout convex, and its length 3 its width. Teeth well developed in jaws, those on mandible = large. Each palatine with 7 teeth. Tongue rather narrow, rounded in front and free. Interorbital space broad and convex. Bones of head all more or less radiately striate. Gill-opening forward to middle of eye. Rakers1v + v short denticles, much shorter than filaments, which equal greatest exposed opercular width. Color in alcohol brownish, sides silvered. Back with a num- ber of rounded maculations, ranging in size up to that of pupil, and fading out on flanks. Fins all pale brownish, dorsal and caudal a trifle more deep in shade marginally. Iris pale brassy. Length 4% inches (caudal damaged). Although Cope states that the abdominal serratures are ‘‘forty-one,’’ his figure would indicate altogether but 31. Still as the type at present shows 32 serre, it is possible that some of those on the breast may have fallen. Serrasalmus immaculatus (Cope). Fig. 54. Serrasalmo immaculatus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 692. Cotypes, Nos. 21,503 (type) to 21,505, A.N.S.P. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Width of head 24 in its length; interorbital space 2% in head, meas- ured from tip of upper jaw. Body strongly compressed, and pre- dorsal and postdorsal regions, to adipose fin, with a slight median ridge. Upper and lower surfaces of caudal peduncle a little compressed convexly. Head compressed. Snout broad and surface convex. Teeth 2-3. Palatine teeth 7 on each side. Gill-opening forward opposite middle of orbit. Rakers x + vir rounded scabrous processes and each with a short denticulation. Filaments about equal eye. Color in alcohol brownish, more or less dull and uniform or only with PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct., 472 slight silvered reflections, and greenish tints on head and fins evidently Length 7% inches Tris a little reddish-brown. due to preservative. (caudal damaged). A. seales about 67 to 78 in lateral line to base of . ? Head 22 to 24; depth 13; D. 1, 11, 13,1 to 16,1 The others show Pr, 2851 torsion ? .—Serrasalmus immaculatus (Cope). 54 Fig. pectoral ? head in ; least depth of caudal peduncle 3} to 3% mandible 1? to 22 i ? eaudal, and 6 to 8 more on latter ? = to 34 2 13 to 1; ventral in head, measured from tip 1 2 + to 4 snout 4 , if to 2 3 base of dorsal 1 3a co os o 8 aw b> ae Gy te) =a rel) a od o =} tefo) a Or baa: ! oro ° Sr Ho coho ey OY | me © fs) zs ae im S} is B od Bear mie oy Se) © y+ os aes 4+ = 8 a 8 Be ae Gq rho oo Though the dusky posterior caudal margin ident, the numerous lead-colored spots on the back are not. damaged) 6} to 6] inches. is evi Subgenus COLOSSOMA Bigenmann. f teeth in upper jaw close together. lor series 0. Anterior and poster Colossoma oculus (Cope). Ambyiacu Cotypes, Nos. 7,991 (type) to 8,010, A. N. S. P. John Hauxwell. Width of head 2 in its length River. Myletes oculus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (1872), p. 262, Pl. 12, fig. 2. head, measured in terorbital space 2 ;in 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 473 from tip of upper jaw. Body strongly compressed, and edges mostly rounded. Head robust, compressed, and becoming constricted below. Lips thin, cutaneous, and on each side of mandible forming anteriorly a long flattened triangular flap equal to about + of orbit. In each side of upper jaw externally 5 teeth, and each with a single cusp at least. Transversely in front of upper jaw 4 bicuspid teeth connect- ing lateral series. Mandible with 4 enlarged teeth transversely in front, pair approximated at symphysis with a large posterior cusp to each one, and 4 small teeth on each ramus graduated down posteriorly. Tongue a little long, Interorbital space broad and con- vex. Opercle with fine concentric strie. Gull-opening forward to front rim of orbit. Rakers 20 + 24, slender, and longest equals pupil. Longest filaments $ of orbit. Tubes of lateral line simple. Vent enclosed in serrze close in front of anal. Color in alcohol pale brown- ish and sides more or less silvered. Fins all pale brownish, anal and median caudal rays a trifle deeper. Sides of body with vertical brownish streaks, and one about midway on side close behind lateral line forming an ocellus. Iris slaty-white. Length 2} inches (caudal damaged). Type. The others show: Head 2} to 23; depth 14 to 1Z; D. 111, 12, 1 to 15, 1, usually 14, 1, sometimes 13, 1, occasionally 12,1, and rarely 15,1; A. 11 or Iv, 20, 1 to 23, 1, usually 21, 1 or 22, 1 and only rarely 20, 1 or 23, 1; abdominal serratures 44 to 53; about 60 to 72 scales in lateral line to base of caudal; snout 33 to 4 in head, measured from tip of upper jaw; eye 3 to 34; interorbital space 24 to 24; pectoral 13 to 24; ventral 1% to 24; total length of body 1,8; to 23 inches. WAITEINA subgen. nov. Type Myletes nigripinnis Cope. Anterior and posterior series of teeth well separated anteriorly in upper jaw. (Named for Dr. Edgar R. Waite, formerly of the Museum at Sydney, author of many contributions to the Ichthyology of Australia.) Colossoma nigripinnis (Cope). Fig. 55. Myletes nigripinnis Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p.693. Type, No. 21,124, A.N.S.P. Peruvian Amazon. Nauta. Prof. J. Orton. Width of head 2 in its length; interorbital space 24 in head, measured from tip of upper jaw. Body well compressed. Predorsal region trenchant and edges of body otherwise mostly rounded. Head well compressed, becoming constricted below. Snout broad and convex 474 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct.; on surface. Teeth large in mandible, those anteriorly forming trans- verse series of 4 largest and other 5 on each side of mandible graduated down posteriorly. Anterior mandibular teeth with cutting edges, and each one at symphysis with a large cusp. In upper jaw 5 teeth in each external series approximated with 4 transverse annectant ones, which latter together with last 3 externals, are bicuspid. Tongue thick and not free. Lips a little fleshy. Interorbital space broadly BS \ Fig. 55.—Colossoma nigripinnis (Cope). convex. Gill-opening forward to front edge of eye. Rakers 39 + 39, slender, about # of orbit. Filaments equal orbit. Tubes in lateral line simple. Color in alcohol olivaceous-brown, greenish most likely due to preservative, and lower regions but little paler. Trunk with many blackish or dusky blotches as large as or a little. larger than pupil, those below smallest. Membrane of fins more or less dusky-brown, dorsal paler, and also bases of caudal, pectoral and ventral pale. Lips dusky or brownish. Iris yellowish. Length 5} inches (caudal damaged). 1906.} NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 475 Cope’s statement, that ‘‘the two posterior mandibulars are in con- tact with the median pair of the anterior series, and are separated by a narrow interspace from each other,” evidently refers to the teeth of the upper jaw. REGANINA gen. nov. Type Myletes bidens Agassiz. Body rather elongate, not entirely orbicular, or not as deep as long. Abdominal profile moderately convex, not pendant. Abdominal serratures rather numerous, 56. Squamous area on base of anal fin rather low and sharply defined from rest of fin. Adipose fin rather free, not especially enlarged or elongated. No external free short cultrate predorsal spine. (Named for Dr. C. Tate Regan, of the British Museum of Natural History, author of many excellent contributions to Ichthyology.) Reganina bidens (Agassiz). Myletes bidens Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (1872), p. 291. Between the mouth of the Rio Negro and the Peruvian Amazon or Ucay- ale River. Robert Perkins——Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 694. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Head 3; depth 12; D. v, 14; A. m1, 23,1; abdominal serratures 51 + 5; scales about 85 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 5 more on latter; 35 scales between origin of dorsal and lateral line; about 40 scales between vent and lateral line, and same number between root of ventral and lateral line; 46 scales before dorsal; snout 34 in head, measured from tip of upper jaw; eye 44; mandible 27; interorbital space 24; pectoral 17; ventral 14; least depth of caudal peduncle 24. Gill-rakers 19 + 18,1, lanceolate, and about 4 of longest filaments, which are about equal to orbit. Color in alcohol brownish, belly paler, and fins all more or less brownish, becoming darker margin- ally. Anal with a longitudinal median brown band, anterior radii of fin pale or whitish. Opercle with a brownish blotch. Iris dull yellow- ish. Length 9 inches. Between the mouth of the Rio Negro and the Peruvian Amazon. Robert Perkins. This example agrees largely with Agassiz’ figure. However, the scales on the base of the anal fin are not indicated as sharply demar- cated from the rest of the same, so that in width this squamous area is but a little broader anteriorly. Mylossoma albiscopus (Cope). Myletes albiscopus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (1872), p. 267, Pl. 12, fig. 1. Cotypes, Nos. 8,014 to 8,021 (type), A.N.S.P. Ambyiacu River. John Hauxwell. Cope, l.c., p. 292. Between the mouth of the Rio Negro and the Peruvian Amazon. Robert Perkins. Width of head 2 in its length; interorbital space 24 in head, measured 476 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct., from tip of upper jaw. Body strongly compressed, edges rounded. Head robust. Snout broad and convex. Lips without triangular cutaneous corners, though broad. Upper teeth 5 in each external series, and with a transverse connecting series of 4. Mandibular teeth larger, 8 in number, 4 median greatly enlarged and pair at symphysis each with a large external cusp. All teeth with a cutting edge, and some, like transverse series above, bicuspid. Tongue not free, broad and rounded in front. Interorbital space broad and con- vex. Gill-opening forward opposite front of eye. Rakers 12 + 18, lanceolate and equal pupil. Filaments a trifle less than orbit. Tubes in lateral line simple. Color in alcohol dull or pale brassy-brown, back a little darker than lower surface and everywhere with more or less brassy reflections. Fins all pale or uniform brownish. Iris dull or pale orange. Length 6 inches. Type. The others show: Head 23 to 31; depth 14 to 14; D. m1, 13, 1 to 16, 1, usually 14, 1 or 15,1; A. m1 or rv, 31, 1 to 36, 1; scales 70 to 78 in lateral line to base of caudal, and 3 to 9 more on latter; serratures 41 to 47 + 4 to 8 on abdomen; snout 34 to 4 in head; eye 2? to 4; interorbital space 2+ to 24; pectoral 14 to 12; ventral 2 to 24; total length of body 213 to 5} inches, with caudals mostly damaged. The opercular blotch at present is only a little brownish in most cases. STARKSINA gen. nov. Type Myletes herniarius Cope. Body nearly as deep as long. Profile of belly well rounded convexly and pendant. Abdominal serratures rather few, 41. Posterior series of teeth in upper jaw separated from anterior by an interspace. Anal and caudal more or less covered with small scales passing out from body without special demarcation. Adipose fin small and free. No external free short cultrate predorsal spine. (Dedicated to Mr. Edwin C. Starks, of the Leland Stanford Junior University, California, well known for his contributions to the osteology of fishes.) Starksina herniarius (Cope). Fig. 56. Myletes herniarius Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (1872), p. 268, Pl. 12, fig. 3. Cotypes, Nos. 7,990 and 8,025 (type), A. N.S. P.. Ambyiacu River. John Hauxwell. Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soe. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 693. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Width of head 12 in its length; interorbital space 2} in head, meas- ured from tip of upper jaw. Edges of body more or less trenchant. Head well compressed, becoming a little restricted below. Snout 477 In latter arranged in an external approximated series of 5 on each side, and Teeth in jaws heavy, robust, and all Lips thin. more or less smaller and of subequal size in upper jaw. NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. each with a cusp at least, those most external with 3. Transversely 4 teeth connecting outer series, and tip of each with as many as 4 broad and convex. 1906.] erwin ts Sale rie. ey Reeser BES es, Gill-opening for- Tongue a little elongate and Interorbital space broad and convex. Fig. 56.—Starksina herniarius (Cope). t cases. Mandibular teeth arranged transversely across front of mandible, 3 on each side, with cutting edges, each with 1 cusps in mos External mandibular teeth small and inconspicuous, and posterior 32 dentary edges hard and rather sharp. cusp at least and each symphyseal with a large conic internal cusp. not free. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct., 478 Rakers 12 + 12, lanceolate, ward nearly opposite front rim of eye. and longest 3 in eye. simple. Tubes in lateral line Filaments 14 in eye. Vent close in front of anal, without serrze. Color in alcohol 5 he Ss =| 1 ee a Oe i] 2 ) mn & co} 2S 8 3 FE > Ba o cals 3 for (2) B Sc 5 el =} o oO oe & 8 Brg 2 oC ae oS coal 3 eG Ay ae Bots © ce) =) bs a4 8 8 B A Sha. dq 8 3 Sis) f «s en QQ eat Mo 2) eae Sse ea Sene Soe a 8S iS) jf) © Sa gaa 02as qs | Ete, Po eihe ago 2 3 oO 55S a8 mo m a8 q = SS fo) n > Qn ical 8 A a a e oo ans S o 8 o =) 521 5 5 gwz ae) Bl ae Bad fe) 8 8 'o a OQ, fa. atures rather few, 42. Pos- 1 serr Abdomina not pendant. ? >.¢ conve see Fig. 57.—Sealeina lippincottianus (Cope). 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 479 terior series of teeth in upper jaw not separated from anterior by an interspace. Squamous area on base of anal rather low and well defined from marginal part of fin. Adipose fin large, long, not free. A small external short free cultrate predorsal spine. (Named for Mr. Alvin Seale, formerly of the Bishop Museum at Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, the first to offer a complete account of the Ichthyology of Guam.) Sealeina lippincottianus (Cope). Fig. 57. Myletes lippincottianus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XI, 1869-70 (August 19, 1870), p. 561, fig. (teeth). Cotype, No. 8,024, A. N.S. P. Para, Brazil. De Schulte Bueckow.——Cope, l.c., p. 566 (type). Width of head 14 in itslength ; interorbital space 22 in head, measured from tip of upper jaw. Edges of body all more or less rounded. Head compressed, becoming a little constricted below. Snout broad and convex. Mouth broadly transverse. Tongue elongate, little free. Interorbital space broadly convex. Gill-opening forward to posterior nostril. Rakers about 10 + 15, lanceolate, about ? of pupil. Filaments about # of eye. Tubes in lateral line simple. Color in alcohol pale brassy-brownish, back darker or more brownish from level with upper edge of gill-opening. Fins all more or less plain pale brownish, and without markings. Iris brassy. Length 3? inches (caudal lobes a little damaged). Cotype. I restrict the specimen described above as one of Cope’s cotypes, as it is possible his description is based on more than one example. The statements that there are 32 abdominal serratures and that the adipose fin is the length of the rayed dorsal do not agree with my example. Metynnis luna Cope. Fig. 58. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78 (May 17, 1878), p. 692. Type, No. 21,443, A.N.S.P. Peruvian Amazon. Prof. J. Orton. Width of head 2% in its length; interorbital space 24. Body greatly compressed. Snout broad and with surface convex. Lips thin. Teeth rather small, above with both series close together, 5 on each side externally and 4 annectant transversely. In mandible 4 on each side, median 4 largest, and in turn middle pair each with a large pos- terior cusp. Each tooth with at least a median point, those of man- dible also with cutting edge, and inner series of upper jaw with 2 cusps to each tooth. Tongue not free, thick. Interorbital space broad and convex. Gill-opening forward to front margin of pupil. Rakers 26 + 26?, slender, about + of eye, and filaments about 2 of latter. Some of tubes in lateral line simple. Color in alcohol brownish, back somewhat dark and plumbeous, and all of lower regions brassy and [Oct., Length PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF Tris reddish-brown. Type. Metynnis luna Cope 58.— Fig. Fig. 59. Pebas. John Hauxwell. Liperhir roo tee Spat org 33 BSS de be po obey 480 silvered. Fins uniform dull brownish. 27 inches (caudal damaged). Cope’s statement that ‘‘the head enters the latter [7.e., length of body without caudal] three and two-tenth times’’ is incorrect, as I find it about 2%. Stethaprion erythrops Cope. Type, No. 8,031, A. N.S. P. (2). Proce. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XI, 1869-70 (August 19, 1870), p. 562, fig. Width of head 14% in its length; interorbital space 2? in head, meas- 481 NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 1906.] Body greatly compressed and edges, ured from tip of upper jaw. except rounded upper and lower surfaces of caudal peduncle, with a slight median ridge. Head a little robust, compressed, and becom- No palatine Tongue a little long, not free. ing a little constricted below. Snout broadly convex. teeth, others as in Astyanaz. Inter- Fig. 59.—Stethaprion erythrops Cope. Gill-opening forward nearly opposite orbital space broad and convex. Rakers 13 + 14, lanceolate, and a little less than pupil. front of eye. Vent close in front Color in alcohol pale brownish, back a little darker, and body Tubes in lateral line simple. more or less with brassy-silvery reflections. A dull leaden and pale Filaments 2 in eye. of anal. Fins all dull streak along posterior or straight portion of lateral line. [Oct., PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 482 Tris deep reddish-dusky. Length Side of head silvered. inches (caudal damaged). Owing to Cope’s imperfect figure I have substituted the accompany- ing one, made from the type. brownish. 29 16 3 Fig. 60. Stethaprion chryseum Cope. Peruvian Amazon. Type, No. 8,030, A. N. Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. 1878), p. 692. John Hauxwell. -78 (May 17, S. P. Ambyiacu River. , 1877 Soc. Phila., XVII Prof. J. Orton. Width of head 2 in its length; from tip of upper jaw. Gill-rakers 9 + 13. Color in alcohol more Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871 (1872), p. 261. interorbital space 24 in head, measured Fig. 60.—Stethaprion chryseum Cope. In most respects similar to the preceding or less uniform brown. Type. Length 213 inches (caudal damaged). In Part I of this paper a number of figures have been blurred by the printer, and as this may cause confusion in their comparison I give a list with explana- tions. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 483 mellef Ine] Incflnefiae| a>] In the following figures the portions indicated are blurred: . 298, fig. 4, Curimata spilura. Snout, interorbital space and side of mandible. . 314, fig. 14, Prochilodus theraponura. Snout. . 316, fig. 15, P. amazonensis. Snout, tip of first branched dorsal ray and lower pectoral rays. . 332, fig. 21, Cheirodon pulcher. Upper surface of snout, end of rayed dorsal and median caudal rays. . 336, fig. 24, Hemigrammus robustulus. Tip of upper caudal lobe. . 337, fig. 25. Astyanaxipanquianus. Teeth, iris in front, breast, greater basal portion of pectoral fin together with scales just above, and anterior rays of anal basally. . 340, fig. 28, Astyanax hauxwellianus. Tips of jaws and ends of anterior long dorsal rays. 484 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct.. ON SOME FISHES OF WESTERN CUBA. PS NS a McINDOO. During the latter part of June and the first part of July, Mr. J. D. Haseman and the writer, under the auspices of the Zoological Depart- ment of Indiana University, visited twenty-one caves between Ala- cranes and Cafias, Cuba, in order to secure embryos of the blind fishes— Stygicola and Lucijuga. We also collected fishes in the fresh waters and in the ocean at Marianao and at Batabano. These are enumerated in the present paper. The expenses were in part provided by a grant from the Carnegie Institution. After collecting blind fishes we made our headquarters at the Estacion Central Agronomica de Cuba, located at Santiago de las Vegas. I wish to express our appreciation for the numerous favors which the Director, Prof. E. S. Earle, of the Station, showed us. Locaitins VISITED. Lagunas Castellanos. Two and one-half miles southwest of Santiago de las Vegas there are three small lagoons situated in a narrow valley. These lagoons are called the ‘‘ Lagunas Castellanos.’’ Laguna Castel- lano No. 1 covers about five acres, has steep banks; its bottom is a mixture of mud and gravel, and its water is comparatively clear. Laguno Castellano No. 2 lies about three hundred yards north of No. 1. Itis not as large as No.1. Its banks are very sloping and covered with aquatic plants which extend into the water one-third the distance to the center. The bottom is deep, black mud. The water is very muddy. We did not visit Laguna Castellano No. 3, which is somewhat larger than either of the other two and lies a half mile due west of them. All the fishes we caught in the clear water of Laguna Castellano No. 1 are dark in color; those that came from the muddy Castellano No. 2 are light in color. Rio Almendares. We seined in the Almendares river at Calabazar for a half mile below the wagon bridge. Under the bridge the water is deep and swift, but thirty feet below the stream widens and the water is shallow. Here the bottom is covered with gravel and large — 2a —. ea ee ee 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 485 rocks. It was scarcely possible to seine with success in the river below this point on account of the swift water and steep banks. Batabano lies on the southern shore of Cuba, nearly due south of Havana. The country about Batabano is very low, a semi-swamp. The entire region between Havana and Batabano, with the exception of a few miles drained by the Almendares river, is drained by under- ground streams. One of these finds its exist at the Vento Springs, near Havana, and supplies Havana with its water. Two others find their exit near Batabano, one of which arises some distance inland from Batabano and sends a stream six to ten feet wide and about two feet deep through the central part of Batabano. The other stream arises about three hundred yards from the ocean and flows through the western part of the town. The water is clear and sluggish. Both of these streams run due south and empty into the ocean one-fourth of a mile apart. We seined in the larger stream just north of town, where the water was rather sluggish and the bottom muddy. We used the dip net in town, because it was impossible to handle the seine among the stakes along the banks. While at Batabano we seined in the ocean along the western side of the wharf, and at the mouth of the small stream in the western part of town. The water is very shallow and the bottoms muddy. Our success was very poor. Marianao is a small town eight miles west of Havana. On account of the rough rocks which form tide pools, it was impossible to use the seine at Marianao, but three-fourths of a mile northwest the water is shallow and the rocks are covered with sand. Here we had success with the seine. Between this place and Marianao we caught several fishes in the tide pools with our hands or with dip net. The following species were collected in these various localities. FresH-WaTrER FIsHEs. PCCILIIDZA. The members of this family are everywhere abundant. Cyprinodon riverendi (Poey). Six small specimens from the stream just north of Batabano. Fundulus cubensis Eigenmann. Four small specimens from the stream just north of Batabano, This species seems to be rather rare. It has so far been recorded from Pinar del Rio only. Gambusia punctata Poey. Everywhere abundant. Both males and females were caught in the 486 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct., Almendares river at Calabazar, at the mouth of a small stream empty- ing into the ocean at Marianao and Laguna Castellano No. 2. The specimens from this lagoon are very light colored and have a more elongate body than the other specimens. Gambusia puncticulata Poey. Very abundant. Our specimens were caught at Calabazar and in Laguna Castellano No. 1. Those from the latter place were collected by Prof. Baker, of the Estacion Central Agronomica de Cuba. Pecilia vittata Guichenot. Found everywhere. Our specimens from Lagunas Castellanos Nos. 1 and 2, from Calabazar and from the stream north of Batabano. All the specimens from Laguna Castellano No. 1 are dark colored; both males and females were caught in Laguna Castellano No. 2 and every one is light in color. All the females contain eggs. Those caught at Calabazar and at Batabano are dark colored, which is due to the clear water. CICHLIDZ:. The individuals of the genus Heros are quite common everywhere. They are as abundant in the streams of western Cuba as are the sun fishes in Indiana. They vary greatly in coloration. Heros tetracanthus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Many specimens caught in the Lagunas Castellanos. Those from Laguno Castellano No. 1 are very dark colored; some of them are dark brown and approach a black, while others are much lighter in color. Most of the scales with a dark brown spot at base, these spots forming faint longitudinal series; head, preoperculum and operculum darker than other parts of body; preoperculum with three almost black length- wise streaks; dorsal, anal, and caudal with dark spots. The following is the color description of a specimen from Laguna Castellano No. 2. Background flesh color, black dots forming indis- tinct and discontinuous longitudinal streaks; snout ashy without dark spots; preoperculum and operculum with four discontinuous length- wise streaks; ventrals and anal ashy; pectorals flesh color; caudal without basal spot; caudal and dorsal with dark spots. Heros tetracanthus cinctus Eigenmann. From Laguna Castellano No. 2 and the stream north of Batabano, Those from Laguna Castellano No. 2, as all other specimens from the same place, are light in color. Each one is barred conspicuously. The specimens collected at Batabano are much darker. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 487 GOBIIDZ. Dormitator maculatus (Bloch). Several specimens from Laguna Castellano No. 1. Comparatively light in color. MARINE FISHES. ESOCIDZ5. Tylosurus euryops Bean & Dresel. Several from the mouth of the stream in the western part of Bata- bano. They are very swift and difficult to catch. ATHERINIDZ. Atherina laticeps Poey. Several specimens from Marianao. MUGILIDZ. Mugil trichodon Poey. Several were caught at Batabano, west of the wharf. MULLIDZ5. Upeneus maculatus (Bloch). One specimen from Marianao. CARANGIDZ. Caranx ruber (Bloch). Several from Marianao. Trachinotus faleatus (Linnzus.)} One specimen from Marianao. LUTIANIDA. Neomenis apodus (Walbaum). ‘4 One small specimen from Marianao. Neomenis synagris (Linnus). Several were collected at Marianao. HASMULID 45 Bathystoma rimator (Jordan & Swain). Many from Marianao. GERRIDA. Ulema lefroyi (Goode). Two specimens from Marianao. Eucinostomus pseudogula Poey. Six specimens from Marianao. 488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct., Eucinostomus meeki Eigenmann. Two specimens from Marianao. SCLASNIDZ. Bairdiella ronchus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). One large and three small specimens from Marianao. POMACENTRID&. Abudefduf saxatilis (Linnzus). Eight specimens from Marianao. Eupomacentrus leucostictus Gill. Three small specimens from Marianao. SCARIDZ. Sparisoma hoplomystax (Cops). Several specimens from Marianao. GOBIIDZ. Gobius soporator Cuvier & Valenciennes. Two large and two small specimens from Marianao. BLENNIIDZ. Labrisomus nuchipinnus (Quoy & Gaimard). Three specimens from Marianao. PLEURONECTID. Platophrys lunatus (Linneus). Two small fishes fram Marianao. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 489 NOVEMBER 6. The President, Samurt G. Drxon, M.D., in the Chair. Twenty-six persons present. Mr. Witmer STONE made a communication on the recently acquired Tristram collection of birds, illustrating his remarks by the exhibition of specimens. (No abstract.) The Publication Committee reported that papers under the following titles had been presented for publication: ‘‘New Oribatide from the United States,’’ by Nathan Banks. ‘*Descriptions of New Species of Polychzta from the Southeastern Coast of Massachusetts,’’ by J. Perey Moore. NOVEMBER 20. The President, Samurt G. Drxon, M.D., in the Chair. Fifty persons present. Dr. BengaAMIN SHarP made a communication on the history and habits of the fur seal, illustrated by lantern views. (No abstract.) The following were accepted for publication: 490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Nov., NEW ORIBATIDZ FROM THE UNITED STATES. BY NATHAN BANKS. The Oribatidee, or ‘‘beetle-mites’’ as they have been called because of their hard teguments, have been but little collected or studied in our country. In 1895 the writer described those he had observed on Long Island, N. Y., and a few others. In 1896 a few more were added to the list. NowI describe twenty-four more, from various parts of the country. Our Oribatid fauna is similar to that of Europe, so far but one or two peculiar genera; but we have a larger percentage of smooth species, as Galumna, Oribatula, and fewer of the roughened species, as Notaspis, Nothrus, and Cepheus. The genus Pelops, represented in Europe by ten or twelve species, has not yet been found in North America. Galumna slossone n. sp. Color, dark brown, a pale spot at base of abdomen, legs pale. Cepha- lothorax with a long lamella each side, its apical third free and pointed, bearing a rather short bristle; a narrower lamella or ridge on each outer edge, ending in a short bristle; superior bristles long, erect; pseudostig- matic organ long, clavate at tip. Abdomen longer than broad, smooth, with six rather thickened bristles each side, two toward humerus, four near tip; wings quite long, not one-half as high as long; genital opening about twice its length in front of the larger anal opening; sternum with three lines each side, middle pair longest. Legs quite long and slender; femora I and II very broad, femur II with a pointed lobe at tip beneath; all tibize with two stout spines at tip, one on patella IJ, and one below tarsi IV; three strongly unequal claws, the middle one very much larger than the others; a large tectopedium behind coxa I. Length .6 mm. From Franconia, N. H. (Mrs. A. T. Slosson.) Galumna unimaculata n. sp. Color, red brown, a yellowish spot at base of the abdomen. Cepha- lothorax with a rather broad lamella each side, its apical fourth free, tip slightly emarginate, and with a short bristle; superior bristles rather fine, long; pseudostigmatic organ not very long, clavate at tip. Abdo- men large, globose, rather longer than broad, four pale smooth spots on each side, the basal pair much larger than the others; nine bristles 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 491 each side, two submedian toward base, one humeral, rather longer than others, four on posterior part, and two on the posterior margin; wings large, nearly as high as long, projecting a little in front of the abdomen, evenly rounded below; both wings and abdomen evenly, minutely granulate; genital opening twice its length in front of larger anus; venter granulate; sternal plate with two lines each side. Legs short and small, high up on the sides, leg IV not near as long as width of the body ; with fine hairs as usual; three equal claws. Length 1 mm. Franconia, N. H. (Mrs. A. T. Slosson.) Galumna nitidula n. sp. Dark red brown, no basal spot on abdomen; legs pale yellowish. Cephalothorax very small and short, a lamella along each side, two- thirds the way to tip, its tip free and ending in a short bristle; superior bristles very short; pseudostigmatic organ rather short, fusiform. Abdomen plainly longer than broad, high, without hairs, smooth and shining, venter also; wings very small, angulate in front; genital open- ing one and one-half its length in front of much larger anal opening; sternal plate with two furrows across, hind margin of hind cox run- ning into middle of genital opening; legs very short and small; the tarsi equal to the tibize; three equal claws. Length .7 mm. From Franconia, N. H. (Mrs. A. T. Slosson.) Galumna persimilis n. sp. Color, dark brown, a pale spot at base of abdomen, legs pale yellow- ish. Cephalothorax with a broad lamella each side, its apical third free and ending in a long bristle, on outer side a long, erect pointed lamella, ending ina quite long bristle, a short lamella each side on tip of cephalothorax, higher in middle than at either end; superior bristles long, erect; pseudostigmatic organ short and clavate. Abdomen smooth, globose; nine bristles each side, those toward apex thickened and almost clavate, one humeral, three near middle of each side, and five toward tip; wings not very large, much longer than high, triangular, but rounded below; venter smooth; genital opening twice its length in front of larger anus; a pair of bristles behind anus; sternal plate with three lines each side, middle longest. Legs short and slender; tarsi as long as tibise; a spine-like, barbed bristle beneath each patella, and two at tips of tibie; femur IV mar- gined beneath; a large tectopedium behind coxa I; three equal claws. Length .5 mm. 492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Nov.. From Franconia, N. H. (Mrs. A. T. Slosson.) Differs from G. slossone by equal claws, very short pseudostigmatic organs, etc. Galumna imperfecta n. sp. Color, pale yellow brown, legs paler. Cephalothorax with a rather broad lamella on each side, reaching one-half way down, with a long hair at tip; superior bristles long, erect; pseudostigmatic organ very long, clavate at tip. Abdomen large, barely longer than broad, not very high, smooth and shining, no hairs; wings of moderate size, tri- angular, one-half as high as long, not projecting in front of abdomen, outer lower corner rounded; venter smooth; genital opening fully twice its length in front of the much larger anal opening, a short transverse line a little in front of the anus; sternum with three transverse grooves, the posterior two run into the genital opening, the other is angulate on middle, but does not reach the sides. Legs rather short, femora broad, tarsi about as long as tibiz, but one claw to each tarsus. Length .6 mm. Several from Indianapolis, Ind. (Blatchley.) Galumna minuscula n. sp. Color, yellowish brown, legs paler. Cephalothorax with a lamella each side, connected near tip by a translamella, a rather long barbed hair from near base of tip; on each outer edge a low marginal lamella, which ends in a long bristle; superior bristles long, and barbed ; pseudo- stigmatic organ very short, capitate. Abdomen globose, smooth, without hairs, its outline in front not complete; venter smooth; genital aperture one and one-half its length in front of larger anal opening, a transverse ridge shortly behind anus, which is fully as broad in front as behind; sternal plate with a line each side in front of genital opening, and a dot each side in front of this; wings small, not projecting in front of abdomen, the lower anterior corner rounded. Legs short; the femora broad, especially II and IV, and margined above with bristles before middle; tarsi equal to tibie. Length .5 mm. From Bay Ridge, Md. Differs from G. mesta Bks. by having a trans- lamella, and by less divided sternal plate. Galumna armipes n. sp. Color, dark brown, a yellow spot on base of abdomen, cephalothorax and legs yellowish. Cephalothorax with a broad lamella on each side, reaching nearly to tip of head, it terminates in a short, curved bristle, just above the translamella is a pair of short bristles, no superior bristles; pseudostigmatic organ spatulate, porrect. Abdomen longer 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 493 than broad, its dorsum minutely roughened, without hairs, wings finely granulate, not very long, but nearly as high, margin evenly con- vex; ventral surface finely granulate; the genital opening not quite its length in front of the larger anal opening, the latter broader behind than in front, where it tapers roundedly; sternal plate with three fur- rows each side, the second being the longest. Legs rather short; tarsi longer than tibie, two barbed spines below on tarsi I and IH, one on tibize I and II, also on tarsi and tibie IV; hind femora margined below. Length .4mm. From Falls Church, Va., and Fort Lee, N. J. Galumna virginica n. sp. Color, pale yellowish. Cephalothorax with a broad lamella each side, its apical two-fifths free, and tipped by a long bristle; a low ridge out- side each lamella; superior bristles erect, not very long, barbed ; pseudo- stigmatic organ very long, clavate at tip. Abdomen longer than broad, depressed, smooth, without hairs; wings very long, not one- half as high, rounded below; venter smooth; genital opening once and one-half its length in front of the very much larger anus; sternal plate with three lines each side. Legs rather short and stout; femora III and IV margined below; bristles under tarsi and tip of tibize are stout and barbed; tarsi I and II plainly longer than tibiz, tarsi III and IV hardly as long as tibise; three equal claws. Length .5 mm. From Falls Church, Va. Galumna turgida n. sp. Color, reddish brown, legs paler. Dorsum smooth; cephalothorax with a lamella each side reaching more than half-way down, a narrow transverse ridge connecting the lateral ones; inferior and superior bristles barbed, the latter very long; pseudostigmatic organ very short, capitate; abdomen very large, globose, without hairs; wings not very large, longer than high, rounded below; genital opening more than twice its length in front of the much larger anal aperture; from the hind cox there is a line obliquely up on each side to the dorsum. Sternum with a line each side toward anterior margin of the genital opening, and in front of this a dot each side; behind on each side is a short line. Legs moderately long, femur I rather swollen above, femora III and IV only slightly margined below; tarsi longer than tibie ; three equal claws. Length .6 mm. Several from Palm Springs, California. (Hubbard.) 33 494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Nov., Galumna texana n. sp. Color, dark red brown, pale spot at base of abdomen, and legs pale yellowish. Cephalothorax short and broad, nearly smooth, superior bristles long, porrect, inferior bristles short, lamelle indistinct; pseudo- stigmatic organ quite long, clavate at tip. Abdomen high and broad, two black notches on front margin, surface finely punctate; wings very large, long and broad, rather coarsely punctate, its lower margin entire. Venter more roughly rugose, almost reticulate; genital opening once and two-thirds its length in front of the much larger anal opening; the latter is much broader behind than in front. Coxe IV very widely separate; the sternal plate with a line each side; legs small and very slender, with a few hairs in usual positions. Length .7 mm. One specimen from San Antonio, Tex., August. Oribatula pallida n. sp. Color, pale yellowish. Cephalothorax smooth above, with a lamella each side reaching one-half way to tip, a long bristle at each tip, superior bristles long and erect; pseudostigmatic organ quite long, clavate at tip. Abdomen much longer than broad, smooth above, without hairs, no distinct wings, but at each anterior corner a shelf-like projection; genital opening more than twice its length in front of the very much larger anal opening; a transverse furrow behind coxee II pointing to- ward genital aperture, in front and behind this furrow is a line on each side, but no line from hind coxe to genital opening. Legs slender tarsi all a little longer than the tibie; all with fine hairs. Length .38 mm. One specimen from Fort Lee, N. J. Liacarus carolinensis n. sp. Color, dark brown, legs paler. Cephalothorax with two pairs of lamellae, the inner pair are quite broad, and touch on inner side toward base, leaving a broad triangular space above, each with free tip and a long bristle, outer lamella narrow, and nearly reaches tip of head, with a bristle at apex; pseudostigmatic organ rather long, not barbed. Abdomen elongate, tapering behind, smooth above, no hairs; venter very minutely punctate; genital opening small, more than three times its length in front of the very much larger anal opening, the latter more than twice as long and more than twice as broad as the genital opening, and longer than broad; the posterior margin of body seen from below shows three short fine bristles each side, the inner pair shorter than the others; sternal plate with three complete transverse lines, hind margin ee ee 3 1906.) NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 495 of cox IV running into the genital opening slightly in front of the middle; a large tectopedium behind coxze I. Legs very slender; tarsi I and II slightly longer than tibix; tarsi III and IV much shorter than those tibie; three spine-like bristles below tarsi III and IV, and those on these tibize are rather short; three equal claws. Length 1.1 mm. One specimen from Black Mountain, N. C. (Beutenmiiller.) Liacarus abdominalis n. sp. Color, red-brown, legs paler. Cephalothorax, with a broad sub- median lamellz, nearly touching before tip, their apical fourth free, and tipped by a long bristle, a long, low outer ridge or lamella, reaching nearly to tip of head and ending with a short bristle; superior bristles very long, erect, simple; pseudostigmatic organ of moderate length, swollen toward tip and then tapering to a fine point. Abdomen elong- ate, smooth, no hairs above; venter smooth; fine hairs each side of anus, and a pair behind; genital aperture very small, fully three times its length in front of anus, the latter more than twice as long, and twice as broad as the genital opening; sternal plate with three complete fur- rows. Legs slender, the hind pair do not reach tip of abdomen; a large tectopedium behind coxa I; tarsi I and II as long as tibie, tarsi III and IV much shorter than tibiz; all the hairs are fine; three equal claws. Length 1 mm. One specimen from Claremont, Cal. (Baker.) Liacarus frontalis n. sp. Pale yellowish brown, legs paler. Cephalothorax with two low lamellee each side, the submedian pair nearly meet somewhat beyond middle of cephalothorax, and are tipped with long, porrect bristles, the marginal lamelle reach nearly to tip of head and end in short bristles; the superior bristles are long, simple, and erect; pseudostigmatic organ rather long, fusiform, its tip acute. Abdomen nearly circular, not very high, smooth, without hairs; venter smooth; genital opening circular, one and one-fourth its length in front of much larger anal opening, the latter evenly elliptical; sternal plate with three transverse lines, all complete, hind margin of coxze IV running into middle of genital opening. Legs slender, with simple hairs; tarsus I shorter than tibia I, tarsus IV nearly as long as tibia IV; three equal claws; mandibles large and stout, palpi very distinct. Length .5 mm. From Falls Church, Va. 496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Nov., Notaspis castanea n. sp. Color, red brown, legs paler. Cephalothorax with a broad lamella each side, nearly touching before the tip, the tip deeply excavate, leaving a sharp point each side, from middle of tip arises a long simple bristle; superior bristles short, erect; pseudostigmatic organ short and fusiform, with a pointed tip, in length not more than one-third the width of the cephalothorax. Abdomen somewhat longer than broad, broadest in middle, dorsum minutely punctate, without bristles. Whole under surface of body strongly punctate, and uniformly so; genital aperture twice its length in front of the larger anal opening, the latter longer than broad. Sternal plate transversely divided by a furrow much nearer to the posterior than to the anterior margin. Legs rather slender, IV longer than width of body at that point; tarsus I shorter than the tibia; a sharp-pointed tectopedium behind coxa I. Length .95 mm. One specimen from Humboldt, Cal. Notaspis carbonaria n. sp. Color, shining jet black, legs yellowish. Cephalothorax with a broad lamella each side, extending beyond head, tip excavate, but the inner point much longer than outer, from middle of tip arises a long simple bristle; superior bristles as long as cephalothorax, simple; pseudostigmatic organ slender, simple, rather longer than one-half the width of cephalothorax. Abdomen elongate, more than three times as long as cephalothorax, and tapering behind; densely pitted above and below. Venter with a curved ridge behind, extending forward each side in front of anal aperture, and almost traceable to hind coxe., Genital aperture with hind border about as far forward as hind margin of hind coxe, fully three times its length in front of the anal aperture, the latter nearly twice as broad and twice as long as genital opening. Sternal plate divided by a transverse furrow. Legs short and weak, IV not more than two-thirds of width of body at that place; all tarsi short, the first much shorter than tibia I, and bearing a hair beyond its middle more than one-half longer than joint; claws three. Length 1.4mm. One specimen from Humboldt, Cal. Oppia spinipes n. sp. Color, pale yellowish brown, legs paler, lamellz blackish. Cephalo- thorax with a pair of low, submedian lamelle, the apical third free, and terminating in a long barbed bristle; a short lamella each side near apex of head, and ending in a short bristle; superior bristles long, porrect, 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 497 finely barbed ; pseudostigmatie organ quite long, barbed, not thickened at tip. Abdomen globose, with four, rather long, barbed bristles behind; genital aperture scarcely its length in front of the larger anal opening; sternal structure as in O. bipilis, the hind furrow running into middle of genital opening, a transverse furrow in front of this, and in front of latter is a short furrow on each side. Legs quite long and slender; femora III and IV very broad, and margined below, II moder- ately broad, I pedicellate; tarsi III and IV with two or three stout, barbed, spine-like bristles; a long, barbed bristle from trochanter III; three claws. Length .4 to .7 mm. Several examples from Falls Church, Va. This is strictly congeneric with O. bipilis of Europe. Oppia canadensis n. sp. Color, pale yellow. Cephalothorax with lamelle like O. spinipes, but they are much longer, nearly one-half the length is free; the superior bristles are rather longer; the pseudostigmatic organs about the same. The abdomen has four long bristles behind, the submedian pair plainly longer than in O. spinipes; the abdomen aboye and below is slightly roughened ; genital opening its length in front of larger anus, latter with two bristles each side, and a pair behind; sternal structure as in O. spinipes; hind coxe large and broad; a long bristle from trochanter IIT; the spine-like bristles on hind tarsi are rather more slender than in O. spinipes. Length .7 to .85 mm. Several from Ottawa, Canada. (Harrington.) Oppia montana n. sp. Color, pale yellowish. Cephalothorax with lamelle as in allied species, fully one-third of length free; superior bristles very long, barbed ; the barbed pseudostigmatic organ is longer than in O. spinipes. The abdomen is globose, with six short hairs behind, the superior median pair longer than the others, but all much shorter than in O. spinipes and O. canadensis; genital aperture one and one-fourth its length in front of the somewhat larger anus, sternal structure as in allied species; legs long and slender, the barbed bristles not very stout; a barbed bristle on trochanter III. Length .5 mm. From Franconia, N. H. (Mrs. A. T. Slosson.) Cepheus lamellatus n. sp. Color, red brown, legs paler, lamelle pale brown, reticulate. Cephal- 498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Nov., othorax triangular, with a broad lamella each side, broader near tip than at base, and the tip trilobed, the middle lobe giving rise to a curved, simple bristle;a pair of smaller bristles on tip of head. Supe- rior bristles long and rather thick. Seta about one-half the width of the cephalothorax, and clavate at tip. Abdomen nearly circular in outline, not very high, above densely and roughly reticulate with rather heavy ridges, with ten pairs of thick bristles, all minutely barbed; one on each shoulder, two each side back and inward from this, three in a submarginal row on each posterior side, and four each side on posterior margin, two of them being near the tip, and rather more clavate than the others. Legs rather slender, with hairs in usual arrangement, long ones from tip of tibia and near middle of tarsus. Coxe separated, but cox II united on the median line; coxze IIT and IV very short, especially the latter, these giving room for the genital aperture, which is not one-half its length in front of the much larger anal opening ; venter finely irregularly rugose. Length .65 mm. One specimen from Blue Hill, Mass., October. Oribata puritanica n. sp. Color, dark red brown, legs paler. Cephalothorax triangular, sur- face smooth, two pairs of curved bristles near tip, an erect bristle near base of each pseudostigmatie organ, the latter straight, thick, and nearly as long as width of cephalothorax at that point. Abdomen globose, smooth, with five pairs of stout, fusiform bristles above; a basal pair pointing forward on extreme front margin of abdomen, the others behind in a submarginal row each side; a pair of longer, curved, simple bristles at tip. Venter smooth; genital and anal apertures touching; anal plates with two or three striz, and each aperture with two simple bristles each side, and two behind anus. Sternal plate with a broad, deep furrow each side. Legs slender; I barely longer than body, IV plainly longer; joints swollen at tips, and each with several long, curved bristles near tip; tarsi very slender; but one claw. Length 1 mm. One specimen from Middlesex Fells, Mass., October. Oribata longiseta n. sp. Color, pale yellowish brown. Surface above and below smooth. Cephalothorax with an apical pair of short bristles, and a stout black bristle each side on vertex, near the pseudostigma. The pseudostig- matic organ, long and slender, with a curved and barbate tip, plainly longer than width of cephalothorax. Abdomen globose, with scattered 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 499 fine erect bristles, about 25 of them, none long; three in front and two rows each side behind, those on apical third longer and thicker than others, but the last pair short. Venter smooth; genital and anal openings touching, the latter more elongate; a pair of short bristles just behind anus, and a transverse, black ridge just before tip; sternal plate with a dark furrow each side. Legs slender; the joints nodose; I a little longer than body, IV plainly longer, tarsi extremely slender; femora I and II plainly larger than others; all with curved bristles, mostly plumose, at least near tip, that from patellar joint of leg 1V extremely long, and plumose at tip, another very long, simple hair at tip of tibia IV; but one claw. A short, sharp spine behind coxa I, a larger one behind coxa II. Length .75 mm. Several specimens from Falls Church, Va., December. | Nothrus taurinus n. sp. Dull brown, rather paler in middle of the abdomen. Cephalothorax and abdomen roughened; a large curved process each side on tip of cephalothorax, a pair of bristles from near middle, and an irregular transverse ridge across base; pseudostigmatie organ short, and capitate. Dorsum of abdomen depressed, margins raised, four long erect bristles on each side, another more curved before tip, a straight one from each apical corner, and a submedian pair of curved ones at tip, a basal sub- median pair of shorter ones, and a longer humeral pair, all very stout. Abdomen elongate, about twice as long as wide at base, only a little wider at tip; genital and anal openings about equal in size, and touch- ing; the latter much before tip, and behind it each side are a couple of bristles. Legs short and heavy, all with a few curved hairs; femora broad at base; leg IV not reaching tip of body. ~ Length 1mm. One specimen from Falls Church, Va. Neoliodes floridensis n. sp. This species is similar in most respects to N. concentricus Say, but at once separated therefrom by the fact that the basal median part of the dorsum of the abdomen (on the first turn) is separated from the sides by a lateral ridge, and the enclosed space is densely granulate; in N. concentricus this part is longitudinally striate, and there is no lateral ridge. The apex of the abdomen above is not as high nor as pointed as in N. concentricus. The legs are somewhat shorter, but the most distinct difference in the legs is that in this species there is a large lobe below at apex of each femur, especially large on legs I and IT; the tarsi 500 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Nov., and pseudostigmatic organs are somewhat shorter. Color, black, a pale area each side at base of the cephalothorax. Length .9 mm. Many specimens from Lake Worth, Fla. (Slosson.) EXPLANATION OF PuaTES XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII. Piatt XIV.—Fig. 1.—Galumna slossone. Fig. 2.—Galumna slossone, wing Fig. 3—Galumna slossone, ees T and II (below). Fig. 4.—Liacarus jrontalis. Fig. 5.—Liacarus frontalis, leg I, and seta. Fig. 6.—Oribata puritanica, seta, and hair from body. Fig. 7—Oppia canadensis. Fig. 8—Galumna armipes, wing, and tarsus I. Fig. 9.—Galumna armipes. Puate XV —Fig. 10.—Oppia montana. Fig. 11.—Galwmna minuscula. Fig. 12.—Oribata longiseta, seta, and hair from body. Fig. 13.—Galumna persimilis, wing. Fig. 14.—Cepheus lamellatus. Fig. 15.—Galumna persimilis. Pirate XVI.—Fig. 16.—Notaspis castanea. Fig. 17.—Liacarus carolinensis. Fig. 18.—Galumna virginica. Fig. 19.—WNeoliodes floridensis, leg I. Fig. 20.—Galumna virginica, wing. Fig. 21.—Galumna imperjecta. Prats XVII.—Fig. 22.—Oppia spinipes. Fig. 23.—WNothrus taurinus. Fig. 24.—Galumna texrana. Fig. 25.—Galumna turgida, wing, and seta. Fig. 26.—Galumna turgida. Fig. 27.—Galumna nitidula. Pirate XVIII.—Fig. 28.—Oribatula pallida. Fig. 29.—Liacarus abdominalis. Fig. 30.—Notaspis carbonaria, Fig. 31.—WNotaspis carbonaria, leg 1. - Fig. 32.—Liacarus abdominalis, leg I. Fig. 33 —Galwmna unimaculata. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 501 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF POLYCHETA FROM THE SOUTH- EASTERN COAST OF MASSACHUSETTS. BY J. PERCY MOORE. Arabella spinifera sp. nov. This species is known only from an incomplete worm consisting of the prostomium and fifty-one anterior segments and measuring 18 mm. long and 2 mm. in diameter, indicating a form less elongated than Arabella opalina Verrill. Prostomium subconical, very slightly depressed, acute, more than twice as long as the basal width; sides straight; ventral longitudinal grooves close together and very faint. The noteworthy elongation of the prostomium may be abnormal, resulting from an injury at the base. Eyes two, rather large, conspicuous, situated on the dorsum close to the posterior border of the prostomium and separated by a space of less than one-third the basal width of the prostomium. Palps rudimentary, or at least not visible from the exterior, and enclosed by the margins of the lips. Peristomium and somite II clearly separated by a deep furrow, both dorsally and ventrally ;both simple apodous rings, the former slightly the longer. Posterior lip smooth. Fort-bearing somites all very short, about 5-8 times as wide as long, all clearly defined by distinct furrows, simple in structure, and decidedly more arched dorsally than ventrally, making a subterete body. Parapodia begin on III. The first (Plate XIX, fig. 3) consists of a small but prominent notopodium, and a neurapodium which is divided into a short and stout, rounded presetal lobe supported by a single stout aciculum, and a similarly formed but slightly longer postsetal lobe, which is ventral and only slightly posterior to the former. Remaining parapodia (fig. 4) are prominent, and the postsetal or ventral lobe is elongated into a stout cirriform branchial organ containing a large vascular loop. For the length of the piece the parapodia undergo no change, except, first, a slight increase in size of the postsetal lobe and, second, a scarcely perceptible reduction of it in the last ten or twelve somites. On the first two or three parapodia the acicula do not project beyond the surface, but the neuropodia of all others are supported by 502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Nov., two deep yellow acicula, the ends of which are exposed as in certain species of Drilonereis and Aracoda. The dorsalmost (fig. 5, a) is much the stouter and the end is blunt; the more ventral (fig. 5, 6), besides being more slender, is prolonged into an acute spinous process, which is frequently broken off. Further caudad the larger aciculum becomes still stouter and more distinctly curved. Two or three very fine acicula reach to the base of the notopodial tubercle (fig. 4). On the first somite the set are all in a small, nearly vertical fascicle between the two lobes, but they quickly rotate to a more oblique position and divide into an oblique supra-acicular group and a horizon- tal subacicular group. The former usually contains two pairs of doubly curved, very acute, limbate sete with strongly striated stems and finely denticulated margins (fig. 6); these are turned with profile dorsal and ventral. Subacicular sete are two or three in a horizontal row, turned so that in preparations of the parapodia both blades come into view symmetrically ; the blades are shorter and the tips more pro- longed than on the supra-acicular sete (fig. 7). Dorsal sete yellow, ventral nearly colorless. Mandibles (fig. 2) brown, with exposed tips white. The two halves merely touch without uniting and then diverge both distally and proxi- mally; dentinal plate not clearly differentiated from the carrier and nearly equal to it in length; the former curved, divergent, ending in a blunt white tip, without marginal teeth; the latter relatively short, broad at distal, tapering to proximal end, divergent. Mawille (fig. 1) brown, four pairs, all but the first pair (forcep Jaws) alternating in posi- tion and more or less asymmetrical. Carriers of forceps filiform, about twice the length of the series of jaws; the two halves coalesced near the end, thickened, then constricted and again enlarged at the distal end; the forceps roughly triangular, with three stout, hooked teeth along the medial margin of the basal half and the ends strongly hooked. The first accessory plate on the left side longer than the forceps plate, with a large hooked distal tooth and seven stout teeth gradually becoming smaller toward the proximalend. All of the remaining jaw plates differ little in size, but become successively somewhat smaller toward the anterior end; each is supported by two broad divergent wings and the dentinal ridge bears 4-6 conspicuous, slender, claw-like teeth, one or two of the anterior usually being enlarged. Color of preserved specimen: anterior end and parapodia rich yellow, pale farther back; the cuticle only slightly iridescent. The type and only known specimen (A. N. 8. No. 2313) was found among a lot of Ninoe nigripes Verrill dredged on the muddy bottom of the middle of Buzzard’s Bay, Mass., the exact spot being unknown. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 503 Praxillella tricirrata sp. nov. What appears to be an undescribed species of Prazillella is imper- fectly represented by several fragments, one consisting of the head and nine metastomial segments, of which the head and five segments are in process of regeneration, a second of somites VI to XII inclusive, and a third of the pygidium and eight preanal segments, the first five of which are setigerous. This is a larger species than P. zonalis or P. elongata, having a diameter of 3 mm. and an estimated length of about 150 mm. The only known anterior end, being in process of regeneration, presents an ab- normal appearance, somewhat approximating that of a Nicomache or Lumbriclymene. The entire regenerating region, consisting of the prostomium and six somites, has a length of a trifle more than 3 mm. and barely exceeds the sixth segment. Head very short, with the cephalic plate and limbate margin scarcely developed. There is a rather thick, short and broad palpode, and run- ning back from it a narrower but, relatively to the width of the head, broad median ridge bounded on each side by the deep and conspicuous sensory clefts, which again are bounded laterally by the low folds from which the limbate margins will develop, the whole forming a narrow area scarcely exceeding one-third of the entire width of the head and sloping steeply downward anteriorly. Mouth a rather large crescentic opening bounded by the narrow, furrowed persitomial lip. Peristo- mium very short and uniannular. Somites II to VI are about twice as long as wide, slightly compressed, distinctly biannular, decreasing slightly in diameter to the last, and with the furrows, except a which is obscure, well defined. No distinct collars. The integuments of this region are soft and delicate and a careful examination discloses no developed sete, though the setigerous glands are visible on some segments. The first normally developed segment (VI) is cylindrical, quite as long as the preceding part of the worm, and 2-3 times as thick; VII and VIII are quite similar; [IX and X are united into one joint about four times as long as wide and without any dividing furrow; XI is slightly longer than VIII, and XII still longer. Except a all furrows in this region are deep and distinct; the segments somewhat depressed and distinctly flattened ventrally. On VI, VII and VIII the parapodia are situated one-third of the length of the segment from its anterior end, and all of the area anterior to them is occupied by a thick, whitish, glandular zone; a similar zone exists on [X, while on Xa thick, rugous, ventral, glandular area of triangular form extends 504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Nov., forward from and between the posterior tori to an apex halfway to the tori of IX, whence a narrow median ventral ridge continues it forward to the glandular zone of IX; XI and XII have no glandular areas, though the tori form prominent swellings near their posterior ends. The posterior segments are much contracted and distorted, butit is evident that they consist normally of a slender, very contractile, and wrinkled anterior portion, and a short, enlarged, posterior parapodial portion. They decrease in length regularly to the pygidium, which is preceded by three achwtous segments, of which the first closely re- sembles the last setigerous in size, and has posterior swellings repre- senting the parapodia; the next is about one-half and the next one- fourth as long, widest posteriorly, where there are slight parapodial thickenings. The last two gradually widen into the base of the pygidium. Pygidium (Plate XIX, fig. 8) with a short basal ring resembling the last acheetous segment, and bearing a thick posterior anal disk, the margin of which is provided with a median ventral cirrus and a pair of lateral, long, slender cirri each having a length of 3 the diameter of the disk, together with a circle of very regular prominent teeth of which five are between the median and each of the lateral cirri, and fifteen between the two latter on the dorsum. Anus occupying the centre of a low, regu- lar, finely furrowed cone, and closed by a thick, fleshy papilla, which arises from its ventral margin and bends dorsad. The usual raised neural line runs for the entire length and passes on to the ventral cirrus. Setze and uncini are undeveloped on the regenerating segments. They are sessile on VI-IX and borne on small papille and promi- nent tori on all the others. Anteriorly the sete form small but very prominent, vertical, linear tufts, which become more compact pos- teriorly. They are similar on all segments. Anterior tufts contain 10-12 longer, stouter, slightly curved, narrowly limbate sete (fig. 9), with long, capillary tips, and nearly twice as many slender, capillary, wingless sete, partly smooth and partly bipinnate, with fine hairs (fig. 10). Farther back they become longer but fewer and in more compact bundles, and most of the wingless sete: are smooth. The anterior thoracic crochets are of course unknown. On other segments there are 15-19, the larger numbers behind. They are pale yellow, strongly striated, with rather slender stem, slightly con- stricted to form a neck, but lacking a distinct shoulder; an expanded head with a short, stout beak; a low crest with about four large and two or three small, diminishing teeth flanked by small fibrous teeth; and a conspicuous guard composed of 5-6 stout flattened hairs united 1906. } NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 505 at the base and in contact with the lower surface of the beak to its tip, above which they arch and recurve in a bold circle (figs. 11 and 12). Living color and tube unknown. Filled with eggs on Sept. 2. Taken on two occasions at Crab Ledge, east of Chatham, Mass., in 17-20 fathoms, on a stony and gravelly bottom, and not found else- where. (Type No. 1253, Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila.) Cirratulus parvus sp. nov. Form very slender, terete, nearly linear, but most slender and attenu- ated posteriorly. Length 20-30 (usually about 25) mm., diameter about .6mm. Number of segments 60-75. Prostomium and peristomium united to form a distinct head (fig. 13). Prostomium broad and flat, broader than long, its width nearly two-thirds widest part of body, shaped like the blade of a gravedigger’s shovel; the upper surface with a pair of obliquely transverse sensory slits at the place of union with the peristomium; the ventral surface some- what thickened and divided by a longitudinal fissure. Eyes, one pair, conspicuous, rounded or slightly elongated obliquely, widely separated on middle of head, close to the sensory slits. Peristomium a simple, somewhat swollen ring, scarcely differentiated from the prostomium above, but elsewhere clearly defined and forming a straight and smooth lip behind the relatively large mouth. Next two segments (II and III) simple rings with a diameter equal to the peris- tomium and a combined length equalling the entire length of the head. Setigerous and branchiate somites begin with IV, which is slightly enlarged. They are at first quite short, but rapidly lengthen without corresponding increase in diameter until the length nearly or quite equals the diameter. Posteriorly they again diminish in length and at the caudal end is a short region of not clearly defined segments. All somites simple and uniannular, and the intersegmental furrows smooth and clear cut. Although the body is nearly terete the ventral surface is somewhat flattened and the parapodia somewhat projecting. Pygi- dium bearing a minute pointed projection below a nearly circular, dorsal anus. Parapodia begin on IV and continue to posterior end ; they are small, ventro-lateral projections bearing separate notopodial and neuropodial tubercles. Branchial cirri also begin on IV just above the parapodia, and a pair occurs on each segment for about twenty, after which they are borne on every second or third segment and finally morescatteringly nearly to the posterior end. Cirri of the middle and posterior region are borne at the posterior margin of the segments some distance above the para- 506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Nov., podia. They are slender, filiform and round, often half as long as the body and with the base constricted so that they are easily detached. Dorsal gills usually two pairs, sometimes a rudimentary third one on one or both sides, placed side by side on the dorsum of IV just above the parapodium and a little behind the branchial cirrus. They are slender at the base and swell to about twice the diameter of the branchial cirri, longer than the latter, longitudinally grooved for their entire length, and in contraction crenulate, wrinkled and more or less coiled in an open spiral. Sete and spines scarcely differ in form and structure from those of Cirratulus grandis. At the anterior end both notopodial and neuro- podial tufts contain capillary setee only—about 6-8 in each—of various . lengths, the longest about two-thirds the body diameter. Spines appear in the neuropodium at about XII, and a few segments farther back each neuropodial tuft contains about four spines and four sete, much shorter than on anterior segments (fig. 14). At the posterior end there are about two of each. In notopodial tufts the setee become fewer and shorter from before backward, but usually spines appear only in those of the posterior one-third. Color pale yellow or orange, usually with a greenish tinge, the integu- ments translucent, permitting the dark intestine to show through. Gills and cirri reddish from the contained blood. Known only from the deeper waters of Vineyard and Nantucket Sounds, in from 10-19 fathoms, where it lives in colonies among the crevices of Amarecium pellucidum and in passages of shells. Quite common in the latter at Crab Ledge, off Chatham. Nothing definite known of breeding habits, but specimens taken in late August contain small eges. (Type No. 1657, Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila.) This species is easily distinguished from young of Cirratulus grandis of the same size, which are frequently taken under stones at low water, by having but two achzetous segments between the peristomium and first branchial segment. It bears a close superficial resemblance to Cirrhatulus fragilis Leidy, but differs decidedly in that the latter is described and figured as having bifid spines, only one apodous pre- branchial segment, and the branchis beginning on the second setiger- ous segment. The species recorded under the name Cuirrhinereis jragilis Quatrefages as having been dredged in Vineyard Sound, and considered by Verrill to be identical with C. fragilis Leidy, is probably the species here described. Amphitrite attenuata sp. nov. Form slender, clavate, slightly swollen in the anterior thoracic 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 507 region, slender and tapering behind. Length 30 mm., diameter nearly 2 mm. at inflated part of thorax. Number of somites 80, IV- XXVIII setigerous. Prostomium broad and depressed at the base, produced forward into a rather thick, simple lip, broadly rounded, entire and usually curved upward at the anterior margin, little folded about the mouth laterally and not meeting the lower lip; tentaculiferous ridge in contact with the lateral ends of the lip but separated from it by a slight notch, arched over the dorsum of the prostomium posteriorly and bearing in a con- tinuous series about 30 coarse tentacles about one-half the length of the body. No eyes visible. Mouth large, bounded below by a ventral lip which is divided by a transverse furrow into an inflated internal portion and a flat external portion, which is very broad and extends laterally beyond, but does not touch the upper lip. Peristomium a short, simple ring dorsally, expanded ventrally to form the lower lip. Somite II as long as the prostomium and ventral lip combined, its anterior margin without a true,collar or lateral wings, but slightly produced as a free rim. Thora- cie region distinctly segmented, the furrow complete and well defined ; dorsal region most inflated at X—XII, thence gradually tapered to the abdomen. Abdomen attenuated, nearly quadrate in section, the dorsum only rounded; the segments becoming very short but all dis- tinctly biannulated, the posterior borders wider and somewhat project- ing. Pygidium a simple, rugous ring. Ventral plates 14 (II-XV) all, except the first, sharply defined but in contact with one another; the anterior ones rectangular, 2-4 times as broad as long, the last four elliptical and one and one-half times to twice as broad as long. Posterior to the ventral plates a ventral groove with a raised neural line continues to the posterior end. Gills (fig. 15) three pairs, on II, III and IV, decreasing in size from before backwards, all small; when fully extended the first not more than one-half the thoracic diameter, each with a short trunk dividing near the base into 2-4 main branches, each of which then dichotomizes, usually three times and terminates in slender, tapering twigs. Setigerous papille begin on IV just beneath the last gill, and are represented in a corresponding position on III by a minute achetous, knob-like papilla. Anteriorly they are prominent and at a high level; posteriorly they shift ventrad and become smaller. First torus on V, about one-half as long as the longest on XII, and one-sixth or one- seventh the body circumference. First five tori separated ventrally by about three times their length, those on XII by an interval about 508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Nov. equal to their length and succeeding ones by a less distance. Pos- terior to the region of ventral plates they become more elevated and prominent, but, though assuming a lappet-form, they never become largely free, even on posterior abdominal segments. The characteristic setz arise from short vertical lines in tufts of about a dozen arranged in double series. ‘They (fig. 16) have remark- ably broad limbi, those of the posterior row being shorter than and half again as broad as the one figured; the very slender and much attenuated tip is very long, and the fringe nearly obsolete and confined to the outer end on the long sete, but better developed, though exceedingly delicate, on the short ones. Uncini occur in single series pointing forward on Y—X, in double series alternating in position and facing each other on XI-XXVILII, then again in single series to the end; there are about thirty-five on V, sixty on X and XI, thirty-six on XVIII and twenty on L. They are nearly colorless, with short, strongly convex bases deeply notched in front, the beak stout, the crest of four transverse rows of 3-9 teeth and the guard short and broad (fig. 17). Color pale reddish salmon, deepest anteriorly, tentacles flesh color. This species has been taken only on the piles of the New York Yacht Club wharf in Vineyard Haven, where it occurs sparingly below low water among Cynthia and Amaracium; lives in small mud tubes and breeds in early July. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX. Arabella spinifera—figs. 1 to 7. Fig. 1.—Ventral view of maxille, the accessory jaws slightly turned by pressure. x 56. Fig. 2.—Dorsal a of mandibles. 56. Fig. 3.—Outline of parapodium IIT, posterior aspect. 56. Fig. 4—Anterior view of parapodium X. 56. Fig. 5.—Distal ends of the two acicula. X 250. Fig. 6.—Profile view of a moderately elongated seta from X. 250. Fig. 7—Face view of a short subacicular seta from X. X 250. Pravillella tricirrata—figs. 8-12. Fig. 8.—Pygidium and caudal achetous segments 9 Fig. 9.—Slender capillary seta from XI. X 250. Fig. 10,—Bipinnate capillary seta from XI. 440. Fig. 11.—An entire crochet from XI. X 82. Fig. 12.—End of crochet. 360. Cirratulus parvus—figs. 13 and 14, Fig. 13.—Anterior end showing the branchize and branchial cirri. 24 Fig. 14.—A tuft of notopodial cirri from the middle region. 250. Amphitrite attenwata—figs. 15 to 17 Fig. 15.—First gill of the left side. x 24. Fig. 16.—A thoracic seta in } view. > 360 Fig. 17.—A thoracic uncinus. 360. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 509 DECEMBER 4. Mr. ArtHuR Erwin Brown, Vice-President, in the Chair. Fifty-one persons present. The death of Robert P. Morton, a member, December 1, 1906, was announced. Messrs. GrorGe and Wititam S. Vaux, Jr., made a report on their studies of the glaciers of the Canadian Rockies and the Selkirks, supplementary to the communication of April 17. The two papers will be combined and published later. DECEMBER 18. The President, SamunL G. Drxon, M.D., in the Chair. Thirty-seven persons present. The following were ordered to be printed: 34 510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., SOME NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN PERCOID FISHES. BY HENRY W. FOWLER. In this paper I give an annotated list of the more generalized percoid fishes of special interest to be found in the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Other papers dealing with remain- ing families are expected to follow. Owing to the more general acceptance of the view among naturalists that the first species under a genus be considered the type, I abandon the process of elimination. Cases only apply where no type is desig- nated or tautonomy is not inferred. Further I shall retain words different only etymologically, though with a strict adherence to the original orthography, even when erroneous, provided there is no evidence contrary. DULEIDZ:. This name supersedes Kuhliide, as Kuhlia Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sct. Phila., 1861, p. 48 (type Perca ciliata Cuvier specified = Centropomus rupestris Lacépéde), is superseded by Dules Cuvier, Régne Animal, Ed. 2, II, 1829, p. 147 (type Centropomus rupestris Lacépéde by first species). Dules marginatus boninensis subsp. noy. Fig. 1. Head 3; depth 24; D. X, 11; A. III, 12; P. 1, 13; V. I, 5; scales 50 in lateral line to base of caudal, and several more on latter; 6 scales obliquely back from origin of spinous dorsal to lateral line; about 13 scales between origin of spinous anal in a vertical series to lateral line; width of head 2 in its length; depth of head over posterior margin of pupil about 14; mandible 24; fifth dorsal spine 14; first dorsal ray 142; third anal spine 24; first anal ray 2; least depth of caudal peduncle 28; pectoral 14; ventral 14; ventral spine 24; snout 4 in head measured from tip of upper jaw; eye 3; maxillary 22; interorbital space 32. Body compressed, rather deep, lower profile a little more evenly convex than upper, and greatest depth falling about midway in post- ventral region. Back but slightly elevated, and with but a slight keel a short distance in front of spinous dorsal, otherwise edges of body rounded. Caudal peduncle compressed, its least depth about 14 in its length. << eT 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 511 Head rather large, compressed, upper profile nearly straight from tip of snout to origin of spinous dorsal, and lower a little more inclined and convex. Snout rather short, its length about } its width, and Fig. 1—Dules marginatus boninensis Fowler. (Type.) rather truncate infront. Eye rather large, rounded, high and anterior, or posterior margin of pupil about midway in length of head. Mouth inclined, moderate, opening superiorly, and with mandible protruding in front. Maxillary narrow, free for about half its length, and its distal expansion about + diameter of pupil. Teeth in Jaws rather small, in bands. Vomer and palatines with patches of minute teeth. Tongue rather narrow, edentulous, pointed, and free in front. Buccal membranes rather narrow. Nostrils close together, superolateral, and much nearer front of eye than tip of snout. Interorbital space a little broad, slightly convex, and with frontal ridges little prominent. Margin of preorbital dentate. Lower margin of preopercle finely dentate, and posterior margin entire. Opercle with 2 flat backwardly directed pointed spines, well separated, and lower larger. Supra- scapula with several rather coarse serratures. Gill-opening extending forward about opposite front margin of orbit. Gill-rakers 10+21, lanceolate, slender, finely asperous inside, and longest about # of orbit. Gill-filaments a trifle less than diameter of pupil. Isthmus narrowly compressed, and with a median groove. Seales finely ctenoid, above lateral line in series parallel with its course, below in horizontal series, along bases of vertical fins small and 512 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., crowded, and in about 4 series on cheek. Lateral line of simple tubes, and concurrent with dorsal profile. Origin of spinous dorsal behind that of ventral, spines graduated from fifth, though fourth and sixth subequal, and margin of fin deeply notched. Last dorsal spine longer than second, though shorter than third. Rayed dorsal begins about midway between origin of pectoral and base of caudal, highest from first ray, though without lobe. Origin of spinous anal falling about opposite origin of rayed dorsal, third spine longest, and rayed fin similar to rayed dorsal. Caudal deeply emarginate, lobes pointed. Pectoral short, reaching about # of space to anal. Ventral inserted behind origin of pectoral, and reaching a little over 3 of space to origin of spinous anal. Color in alcohol pale brown, back slightly leaden, and lower surface paler. Fins all plain pale brownish, margins of dorsals, and caudal posteriorly, slightly dusky. Iris brassy-yellow. Length 54 inches. Type, No. 11,556, A. N.S. P. Bonin Islands, between lat. 26° 30’ and 27° 44’ N. and long. 140° and 143° E., in the North Pacific. Smith- sonian Institution (No. 347). This form is apparently closely related to Dules marginatus Cuvier. It differs from Tahiti examples of that species, however, in having more scales in the lateral line. In this respect it agrees with Hawaiian and Tahiti examples of Dules mato Lesson, though the latter differs principally in haying more gill-rakers. Examples of Dules rupestris (Lacépéde) from Samoa and Tahiti have the caudal but slightly emar- ginate. (Named for the Bonin Islands.) BOULENGERINA subgen. nov. Type Dules mato Lesson. Gill-rakers more numerous than in subgenus Dules. Boulengerina has 24 to 28 on the lower part of the first arch, while Dules has 16 to 20. The specific name of the typical species dates from Dules mato Lesson, Voy. Aut. Mond. Coquille, Zool., I11, 1830 (March 22, 1828), p. 223, thus having priority over Dules malo Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 1831, p. 360. Kuhlia malo now in use must thus give way to Dules mato. (Named for Dr. George A. Boulenger, of the British Museum, well known among naturalists for many excellent works relative to the lower vertebrates.) 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA; 513 MICROPTERID 5. This name supersedes Centrarchide as Centrarchus Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 1829, p. 62 (type Cychla enea Le Sueur by first species = Bodianus rupestris Rafinesque), and is therefore a synonym of Am- bloplites Rafinesque. This leaves Eucentrarchus Gill, Amer. Journ. Sci. Art., XXXVII, 1864, p. 93 (type Labrus irideus Lacépéde = Labrus macropterus Lacépéde) as the proper name for the round bass, with the subfamily name changed from Centrarchine to Eucentrarchine. Therefore as Micropterus Lacépéde is the oldest genus in this family the above name may be framed for it. Ihave also examined Elassoma zonatum Jordan. Hlassoma probably represents a distinct family, as has been contended. Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque. Sedalia and St. Joseph, Mo. (Drs. D. S. Jordan and §. E. Meek); White River, Ark. (Drs. D. S. Jordan and C. H. Gilbert); Leaven- worth, Kan. (E. D. Cope). Both this and the next show some variation. Pomoxis sparoides (Lacépéde). Davenport, Ia. (Dr. S. E. Meek); lower James River, Va. (E. D. Cope); Lake Huron (E. D. Cope); Leavenworth, Kan. (E. D. Cope); Sandusky, O. (Smiths. Inst.); South Carolina (Dr. J. E. Holbrook); New Orleans, La. (J. M. Florat); Neuse River, N. C. (E. D. Cope). Eucentrarchus macropterus (Lacépéde), North Carolina (U. S. N. Mus.); South Carolina (Dr. Blanding); Bayport, Fla. (E. D. Cope). Ambloplites rupestris (Rafinesque). Richmond, Miami and Wabash Rivers, Ind. (E. D. Cope); Brook River and Michigan City (E. D. Cope), and Fort Dodge, Ia. (Dr. 8. E. Meek) ; Detroit, Mich.? (E. D. Cope); Lake Superior (Dr. J. H. Slack); Wisconsin (Smiths. Inst.); Blue River, Ind. (E. D. Cope); Holston and lower James Rivers, Va. (E. D. Cope) ; Cumberland River, Tenn. (E. D. Cope); French Broad and Yadkin Rivers, N. C. (E. D. Cope); Lake George, N. Y. (W. 8. Vaux); Texas (Dr. S$. W. Wood- house). Ambloplites rupestris cavifrons (Cope). Fig. 2. Ambloplites cavijrons Cope, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866-69 (December, 1868), p. 217. Type, No. 12,803, A. N.S. P. Headwaters of the Roanoke River, Montgomery county, Va. E. D. Cope. Width of head 22 in its length; interorbital space 44 in head, meas- ured from tip of upper jaw. Lips rather fleshy laterally. Rami of mandible well elevated inside mouth. Teeth small, curved, pointed, a 514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., little irregular, and in bands in jaws. Vomerine teeth smaller, in an obtuse-shaped patch, and a narrow band on each palatine. Tongue rather thick, broad, rounded, and well free. A patch of small asperi- ties on tongue. Interorbital space a little convex. A rather tren- chant keel from occiput to origin of spinous dorsal. Gill-opening for- ward opposite front rim of pupil. Rakers tv, 1+6, v1, large, robust, and a little longer than filaments. Scales small and crowded on occi- Fig. 2.—Ambloplites rupestris cavifrons (Cope). (Type of Ambloplites cavifrons Cope.) put, predorsal region and thorax. Vent a little nearer tip of ventral spine than origin of spinous anal. In aleohol dull brown, more or less uniform on head and trunk, and fins paler. Faint traces of horizontal streaks following in series of scales. Very indistinct clouded mottlings on vertical fins. A brownish opercular spot. Iris dull brassy-silvery. Length 3 inches. Type. Archoplites interruptus (Girard). Centrarchus interruptus Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 129. Cotypes, Nos. 13,480 (type) to 13,433, A. N.S. P. Sacramento River, Cal. Dr. A. L. Heermann. Coll. Smiths. Inst. Another from same locality (U. 8S. F. Com.); San Joaquin River, Cal. (Dr. Newberry). 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 515, Chenobryttus gulosus (Cuvier). Lepomis gillii Cope, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866-69 (December, 1868), pp. 222, 225. Type, No. 12,789, A. N.S. P. Branch of Tuckahoe i in the bottoms of James River, twelve miles above Richmond. E. . Cope. Lepomis charybdis Cope, l.c., pp. 223, 224, was based on Calliurus melanops Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, p. 200, from fresh waters of Texas. One example taken from the stomach of an alligator from Taylor’s Creek, Lake Okeechobee, Fla. (Prof. A. Heilprin); Volusia, Fla. (E. D. Cope); Neuse and Roanoke Rivers, N. C. (E. D. Cope); Mobile, Ala. (Mus. Comp. Zool.); San Diego, in Duval county, Tex. (E. D. Cope); Indiana (E. D. Cope). Enneacanthus gloriosus (Holbrook). Pomotis guttatus Morris, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 3. Type, No. 22,598, A.N.S.P. Vicinity of Philadelphia. Dr. J. Cheston Morris . Hemioplites simulans Cope, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866-69 (December, 1868), p. 217, Pl. 22, fig. 7. Type, No. 13,449, A. N.S. P. Slow waters of Tuckahoe Creek, which enters the James River above Richmond, Virginia. E. D. Cope. Dr. Boulenger confuses this species with the next in Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2, 1, 1895, p. 19, as Apomotis obesus. Neuces River, N. C., and lower James River, Va. (E. D. Cope). Enneacanthus obesus (Girard). Volusia, Fla. (E. D. Cope), and Concord, Mass. (Dr. J. H. Slack). One of the examples on which Morris based his Pomotis guttatus is this species, however, as the name and intention are apparently to indicate the preceding species, it may be restricted to the same. Apomotis cyanellus (Rafinesque). Bryttus signijer Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, p. 201. Cotype, No. 13,187, A. N.S. P. Rio Medina, Texas. Dr.C.B.Kennerly. Smiths. Inst. (No. 422). Bryttus mineopas Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, p. 84. _Cotypes, Nos. 13,190 to 13,194, A.N.S.P. Minneopa, Minnesota. J.H. Slack. St. Joseph and Brownsville (Drs. D. 8. Jordan and S. E. Meek), James River and Marshfield (Drs. C. H. Gilbert and 8. E. Meek), and Green- field, Mo. (Dr. S. E. Meek); Ames, Ia. (Dr. Meek); Fort Riley, Kan. (Dr. W. A. Hammond); Hicksville, O. (Dr. Meek); Blue River (E. D. Cope) and Miami River, Ind. (E. D. Cope); Leavenworth, Kan. (E. D. Cope); Archer county, Llano and Wichita Rivers, Tex. (E. D. Cope). Apomotis is retained generically as the median posterior partition of the air-vessel is only slightly developed, while in the species of Lepomis examined it is usually well developed forwards. 516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF (Dec., Lepomis punctatus (Valenciennes). Lepomis apiatus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78, p. 66. Cotypes, Nos. 11,127 to 11,132, A. N. S. P. Volusia, Florida. E. D. Cope. Caloosahatchie River, Fla. (Prof. A. Heilprin). Lepomis auritus (Linnzus). A single example labeled ‘‘Roanoke River, Va., E. D. Cope,’’ No. 13,058, A. N. 8. P., may be typical of Lepomis ophthalmicus Cope, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V1, 1866-69 (December, 1868), pp. 223, 224. It would agree in length if the caudal were not included, though the measurements of the depth of the body at the origin of the soft dorsal and at the base of the fifth ray of this fin do not. Pomotis solis Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 1831, p. 352, is apparently a composite species based on examples from Lake Pon- chartrain, La., and Philadelphia, Pa. Primarily it seems to be re- stricted to the Louisianan form, as Dr. Jordan examined the types from Philadelphia and pronounced them as probably identical with Eupomotis gibbosus. Drs. Jordan and Evermann, in Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 47, I, 1896, p. 1001, place the Louisianan fish as a distinct subspecies of L. auritus, stating that it has larger cheek scales, about 5 or 6 series, and a large dusky blotch on the last dorsal rays. Bollman, in Rep. U.S. F. Com., 1888 (1892), p. 573, includes Lepomis mystacalis Cope as a synonym, and is followed by others, though from my own examination of the types of this latter it is found to be identical with Lepomis palladus Mitchill. That the Florida form is not appreciably different upon comparison of alcoholic examples of L. auritus from Bayport, Fla. (E. D. Cope); South Carolina (Dr. J. E. Holbrook); Catawba and Yadkin Rivers, N. C. (E. D. Cope); Lake George, N. Y. (W. 8. Vaux), I am satisfied. The original account of Pomotis solis is hardly complete enough for certainty of identification. Lepomis megalotis (Rafinesque). Fig. 3. Lepomis peltastes Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XI, 1869-70, pp. 453, 454: Cotypes, Nos. 12,978 to 12,981, A. N. S. P. Huron River, Michigan. Prof. Alexander Winchell. Lepomis haplognathus Cope, l.c., XXII, 1885, p. 168. Cotypes, Nos. 18,888 to 18,889, and 20,397 to 20,398, A. N. S. P. Monterey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. E. D. Cope. This is a most variable species, both in color and structure, especially with reference to the opercular flap. It is possible that Lepomis occidentalis Meek, Field Col. Mus. Pub. 65, Chicago, III, No. 6, 1902, p. 118, Pl. 29, and L. haplognathus Cope may exhibit characters in color to render them distinct races of L. megalotis. Certainly L. haplognathus, jadged from the alcoholic types, cannot be distinguished 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 517 from the very large series of specimens of L. megalotis, which covers every variation. Dr. Meek’s accounts do not leave it clear to me that his L. occidentalis is really distinct. Besides L. megalotis Cope, l.c., XI, 1869-70, p. 452, examples representing L. nitidus Cope, l.c., p. 453, and L. longispinis Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sct. Phila., 1865, p. 83, have been examined, and found to be this species. Llano River, Fort Worth, Wichita River, upper Medina River and Dallas (E. D. Cope), Delaware Fig. 3.—Lepomis megalotis (Rafinesque). (Type of Lepomis haplognathus Cope.) Creek (Capt. Pope), Brazos River (Dr. Shumard), and Comanche Creek, Tex. (Smiths. Inst.); Goodland, Ind. Ter. (Dr. S. E. Meek); Eureka Springs (Drs. D. S. Jordan and C. H. Gilbert), Paragold (Dr. Meek), Greenway (Dr. Jordan), and Fort Smith, Ark.; Brook River, Ta. (E. D. Cope); Marshfield, Mo. (Drs. Gilbert and Meek); Leaven- worth, Kan. (E. D. Cope); Racine, Wis. (U. 8. Nat. Mus.); Detroit? (EB. D. Cope), Mich. (Dr. Pitcher); Wabash, Blue and Miami Rivers, Ind. (E. D. Cope); Coal Creek, Tenn. (E. D. Cope); Thomasville, Ga. (J. A. G. Rehn). Lepomis humilis (Girard). Bryttus humilis Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, p. 201. Cotypes, Nos. 13,166 to 13,168 and 13,154, A.N.S.P. Sugar Loaf Creek, Arkansas. H. B. Mollhiusen. Smiths. Inst. (No. 428). 518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dee..,. Bryttus oculatus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.. 1865, p. 83. Cotypes,. Nos, 13,146 to 13,153, A.N.S.P. Lake Whittlesey, Minn. J. H. Slack. Lepomis anagallinus Cope, Journ. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866-69: (December, 1868), p.221. Type, No. 13,145, A. N.S. P. Leavenworth, Kansas. Samuel H. Edge. Arthur (Dr. §. E. Meek), and Fort Worth, Tex. (E. D. Cope);: Greenfield (Dr. Meek), Marshfield (Drs. C. H. Gilbert and 8. E. Meek), and St. Joseph, Mo.; Fort Riley, Kan. (Dr. W. A. Hammond). Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque. Fig. 4. Lepomis nephelus Cope, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) VI, 1866-69» (December, 1868), p. 222. Type, No. 22,619, A. N.S. P. Kiskiminitas. River, West Pennsylvania. A. H. Guss. Width of head 2+ in its length; interorbital space 34 in head measured from tip of upper jaw. Edges of body mostly rounded and but slightly trenchant just before origin of spinous dorsal. Head compressed with sides flattened. Length of snout about # its width. Lips a little 5 Fig. 4.—Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque. (Type of Lepomis nephelus Cope.) fleshy. Teeth rather coarse, pointed, conic, and in bands in jaws, those on vomer smaller. No palatine teeth. Tongue smooth, rather fleshy, a little pointed and free in front. Each ramus of mandible a little elevated inside mouth. Interorbital space slightly convex. Gill-opening forward to front margin of pupil. Rakers 1, 2+10, 0, lanceolate, and about equal to filaments or 4 of eye. An adnate scaly 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 519 tract between bases of ventrals. Vent about midway, or a little behind, between tips of ventral spines and origin of spinous anal. Color in alcohol faded brown, belly and lower surface of body scarcely paler. Fins all pale brown, scarcely darker towards edges. Opercular blotch blackish-brown, in size about 3 of eye, and from opposite level of latter a dull brownish shade extends from upper end of preopercular margin to opercular blotch, increasing to its width in its course. : Iris warm brownish. Inside of gill-opening pale, opercular blotch appear- ing equally blackish-brown as on outside. Length 42 inches. Type. Lepomis palladus (Mitchill). Lepomis longispinis Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, p. 83. Co- types, Nos. 16,562 to 16,564, A. N.S. P. From St. Louis to Southern California. Dr. A, L. Heermann. Lepomis ardesiacus Cope, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866-69 (Decem- ber, 1868), p. 222. Type, No. 13,106, A. N.S. P. Kiskiminitas River, Western Pennsylvania. Addison R. Guss. Lepomis purpurescens Cope, Proce. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XI, 1869-70, pp. 453, 454. Cotypes, Nos. 13,066 to 13,077, A. N.S. P. Tributary of the Yadkin River in Roane county, North Carolina. E. D. Cope. Lepomis mystacalis Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78, p 66. Cotypes, Nos. 27,834 to 27,836, A.N.S.P. Volusia, Florida. E. . Cope. These do not differ, though they show about 48 scales, and all agree with examples from Lake Okeechobee. Other examples from Volusia differ, however, most strikingly in the short gill-rakers. One has 54 seales in the lateral line. Another agrees with the figure of Pomotis elongatus Holbrook, Jowrn. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 111, 1855-58 (May, 1855), p. 47, Pl. 5. Examples representing Pomotis speciosus Baird and Girard, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Miss. Pac., X, Fish., 1858, p. 23, Pl. 8, figs. 5-8; P. fallax Girard, l.c., p. 27, Pl. 8, figs. 9-12, Pl. 9, figs. 5-12, Pl. 10, figs. 1-7, and Lepomis notatus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., X1, 1869-70, p. 453, have been examined. This species is very variable. French Broad River, N. C. (E. D. Cope); South Carolina (Dr. J. E. Holbrook) ; Volusia and opposite mouth of St. Lucie River (E. D. Cope), Caloosahatchie River, Fla. (Prof. A. Heilprin); Coal Creek, Tenn. (E. D. Cope); Amana, Ia. (Dr. S. E. Meek); Leavenworth, Kan. (E. D. Cope); Greenway, Ark. (Dr. Meek); Johnson’s Fork of the Llano, Wichita River and San Diego (E. D. Cope), Rio Seco (Dr. Kennerly) and Delaware Creek, Tex. (Capt. Pope); Detroit?, Mich. (E. D. Cope) ; James River at Marshfield, Mo. (Drs. C. H. Gilbert and 8. E. Meek); Quincy, Ill.; Blue River, Ind. (E. D. Cope). 520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., Eupomotis holbroockii (Valenciennes). Xystroplites longimanus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XVII, 1877-78, p. 67. Cotypes, Nos. 30,918 to 30,920, A. N.S. P. Volusia. Florida. E. D. Cope. Dr. Jordan examined Pomotis holbroockii Valenciennes in the Paris Museum, and expressed the opinion that it is identical with P. speciosus Holbrook. As the original account of the former is imperfect I accept this view provisionally. The differences between Holbrook’s figure and the examples before me are certainly not specific. The pectoral of the former is but little shorter than the head. The specific name is here adopted from the original. Eupomotis gibbosus (Linnzus). Mount Desert, Me. (Dr. H. C. Chapman); Lake George, N. Y. (W. 5S. Vaux); Sandusky, O. (Smiths. Inst.); Michigan (E. D. Cope); lower James River, Va. (E. D. Cope); Catawba, French Broad and Yadkin Rivers, N. C. (E. D. Cope). Micropterus dolomieu Lacépéde. Lake George, N. Y. (W. S. Vaux); Roanoke River, Va. (E. D. Cope); Fort Smith, Ark.; Wheatland and Davenport (Dr. S. E. Meek), and Brook River, Ia. (E. D. Cope) ; Miami River, Ind. (E. D. Cope) ; French Broad River, N. C. (E. D. Cope); Coal Creek, Tenn. (EH. D. Cope); Fort Worth and Fort Johnson, Tex. (E. D. Cope). Micropterus salmoides (Lacépéde). Lake Erie (Smiths. Inst.); Dr. J. Cheston Morris; Michigan (E. D. Cope); Davenport, Ia. (Dr. S. E. Meek); Nickajack Cave and Wabash River, Ind. (E. D. Cope); Norfolk (Smiths. Inst.) and lower James River, Va. (E. D. Cope); Yadkin, Catawba and French Broad Rivers, N. C. (E. D. Cope); Coal Creek in Clinch basin, Tenn. (E. D. Cope); South Carolina (Dr. Blanding); Bayport, Fla. (E. D. Cope); Indianola to Neuces, Tex. (Capt. Pope). PERCID As. Centropomus lucioperca (Linnzus). Northern Europe (Bonaparte Coll.). The type of Centropomus Lacépéde is the present species, therefore the American robalos become Oxylabrax, with the family name Ozylabracide. Stizostedion vitreum (Mitchill). Michigan (E. D. Cope); French Broad River, N.C. (E. D. Cope). Stizostedion canadense (Griffiths). North America (Bonaparte Coll.) ; Lake Erie (Dr. Watson). 1906. ] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 521 Stizostedion oanadense boreum (Girard). Battle Creek, Ia. (EH. D. Cope). Perca fluviatilis Linneus. Italy (Bonaparte Coll.) ; Sweden (Prof. J. Kinberg). Perca flavescens (Linnzus). Mount Desert, Me. (Dr. H. C. Chapman); Martha’s Vineyard, Mass. (Dr. J. H. Slack); Lake George, N. Y. (W. S. Vaux); Cold Pond, near Charlestown, N. H. (Dr. Weber); Sparrow Lake, Ontario (C. P. Ray); Sandusky, O. (Smiths. Inst.); Clear Lake, Ia. (Dr. S. E. Meek); Lake Whittlesey, Minn. (Dr. J. H. Slack); Lake Erie (Dr. Watson) ; Potomac River (Smiths. Inst.) ;Chestertown (E. G. Vanatta), and North East, in Cecil county, Md. (H. W. Fowler). ; Percina caprodes (Rafinesque). Perca (Percina) nebulosa Haldeman, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1842, p. 330. Type, No. 22,652, A.N.S.P. The Susquehanna. S.S. Haldeman. North America (Bonaparte Coll.) ; Holston River, Va. (E. D. Cope); South Fork of Cumberland River, Tenn. (E. D. Cope); Miami and Wabash Rivers, Ind. (E. D. Cope) ; Ohio (U. 8. Nat. Mus.) ; Fort Smith, Ark. (Drs. D. 8. Jordan and C. H. Gilbert); Marshfield and Carthage, Mo. (Drs. Gilbert and 8. E. Meek); Dallas, Tex. (E. D. Cope). Percina caprodes zebra (Agassiz). Sparrow Lake, in Simcoe county, Ontario (C. P. Ray). Hadropterus phoxocephalus (Nelson). Clinton, Mo. (Drs. D.S. Jordan and §. E. Meek). Hadropterus macrocephalus (Cope). Etheostoma macrocephalum Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., (2) XIII, 1869, p. 400. Cotypes, Nos. 22,626 and 22,628, A. N.S. P. Youghio- gheny River in Western Pennsylvania. HE. D. Cope. Hadropterus aspro (Jordan). Giles county and Walker’s Creek, Va. (E. D. Cope); Miami River, Ind. (E. D. Cope) ; Hicksville, O. (Dr. 8. E. Meek). Hadropterus peltatus (Cope). Etheostoma peltatum Stauffer, in Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 233. Type, No. 22,627, A.N.S.P. The Conestoga. Jacob Stauffer. Buck Creek, N. C. (E. D. Cope). Hypohomus aurantiacus (Cope). Cottogaster aurantiacus Cope, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) VI, 1869, p. 211, Pl. 24, fig. 6. Cotypes, Nos. 13,789 (type) and 13,790, A. N.S. P. Holston River, Virginia [according to label]. E. D. Cope. Cottogaster shumardi (Girard). Indiana (Dr. D. 8. Jordan); Michigan (Prof. M. Miles). 522 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF (Dec., Ulocentra stigma (Jordan), Fig. 5. Boleosoma stigmeum Jordan, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1876, p. 311. Cotypes, Nos. 20,645 to 20,648, A. N.S. P. Etowah River, Georgia. D. S. Jordan. Fig. 5.—Ulocentra stigmea (Jordan). (Cotype of Boleosoma stigmeum Jordan.) Diplesion blennioides (Rafinesque). Pileoma cymatogramma Abbott, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 327. Type, No. 14,009, A. N.S. P. Without locality. Hyostoma blennioperca Cope, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) VI, 1869, pp. 214, 215. Cotypes, Nos. 14,004, 14,006 to 14,008, 14,020 to 14,025 and 14,026 (type) to 14,035, A. N.S. P. Tributaries of the Kanawha and Holston. E. D. Cope. The type as here restricted is evidently the largest in the collection and is from the Holston. Black River, O. (U. S. Nat. Mus.); South Fork of Cumberland and Clinch Rivers, Tenn. (E. D. Cope); Miami and Richmond, Ind. (E. D. Cope); French Broad River, N. C. (E. D. Cope); Joliet, Il. (J. H. Ferris). Boleosoma nigrum (Rafinesque). Boleosoma olmstedi var. brevipinnis Cope, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, p. 214. Cotypes, Nos. 25,563 (type) to 22,567, A.N.S. P. WKiskiminitas River, Penna. E.D. Cope. In Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XI, 1871, p. 270, Cope raises this to the rank of a full species. Hicksville, O. (Dr. S. E. Meek); Wabash River and Richmond, Ind. (E. D. Cope); Sinking Creek and Holston River, Va. (E. D. Cope); St. Josephs and Grosse Isle, Mich. (E. D. Cope); Marshfield, Carthage and James River, Mo. (Drs. C. H. Gilbert and S. E. Meek); Belmond and Anamosa (Dr. Meek), and Chariton, Ia. (Drs. D. S. Jordan and S. E. Meek); Platte River at Fort Kearney, Neb.; Big Creek at Fort Hayes, Kan. Boleosoma nigrum olmstedi (Storer). Perca minima Haldeman, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1842, p. 330. Type, No. 13,928, A.N. S. P. (A dried skin poorly preserved.) The Susquehanna. §, 8. Haldeman. I am unable to distinguish Potomac River examples (Dr. Pickering) as Arlina effulgens Girard, 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. §23 Patapsco River at Baltimore (H. W. Fowler); Elk Creek (A. H. Grosh and H. W. Fowler) and Stony Creek, in Cecil county, Md. (T. D. Keim and H. W. Fowler); Sussex county, Del. (EH. D. Cope); lower Delaware River (Dr. C. Arrott). Fig. 6.—Boleosoma nigrum maculaticeps (Cope). (Type of Boleosoma macu- laticeps Cope.) Boleosoma nigrum maculaticeps (Cope). Fig. 6. Boleosoma maculaticeps Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., XI, 1871 (January 7, 1870), p. 269. Cotypes, No, 13,862 (type) to 13,876, A. N.S. P. Upper waters of the Catawba River, N. Carolina. E. D. Cope. Also an example from the Yadkin River, N.C. E. D. Cope. Boleosoma ejjulgens Cope, l.c., p. 268, although considered distinct by Cope, does not show any very striking points of difference according to this account. Perhaps 6 scales below the lateral line is reliable. Fig. 7.—Boleosoma nigrum meseum (Cope). (Type of Pecilichthys meseeus Cope.) Boleosoma nigrum meseum (Cope). Fig. 7. Pecilichthys meseus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p.232. Type, 524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., No. 13,943, A. N. S. P. Platte River, near Fort Kearney, Neb. Dr. Hammond. Cross-bars on dorsal and caudal indistinct and faded. Boleosoma oamurum Forbes. Angelina River, Tex. (U.S. F. C.). Crystallaria asprella (Jordan). South Fork Cumberland River, Tenn. (E. D. Cope); Grosse Isle, Mich. (E. D. Cope). Ammoocrypta pellucida (Agassiz). Indiana (D. 8. Jordan). Etheostoma zonale (Cope). Fig. 8. Pecilichthys zonalis Cope, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) XII, 1866-69 (December, 1868), p. 212. Cotypes, Nos. 14,036 (type) to 14,038, A. N. S.P. Holston River, Va. E. D. Cope. Se ie ‘a Fa poe Fig. 8.—Etheostoma zonale (Cope). (Type of Pecilichthys zonalis Cope.) Also many other examples from the above locality and the French Broad River, N. C. (E. D. Cope). Etheostoma maculatum (Kirtland). Pecilichthys sanguifluus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soe. Phila., XI, 1869-70 (January 7, 1870), p. 264. Cotypes, Nos. 13,738 (type) to 13,744, A. N. S. P. South Fork of Cumberland River, Tennessee. E. D. Cope. Etheostoma rufilineatum (Cope). Fig. 9. : Pecilichthys rufilineatus Cope, Proce. Amer. Philos. Soe. Phila., XI, 1869-70 (January 7, 1870), p. 267. Cotypes, Nos. 13,791 (type) to 13,798, A. N. S. P. Warm Springs Creek, which flows into the French Broad River, in Madison county, North Carolina, E. D. Cope. Etheostoma jessie (Jordan). Etowah River, Ga. (D.S. Jordan). ———— ae 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 525 : oN Wen Las KAR SSS alee Ke SS SS SS 4 SS —S SS Fig. 9.—Etheostoma rufilineatum (Cope). (Type of Pecilichthys rufilineatus ope.) Etheostoma ceruleum Storer. Pecilosoma transversum Abbott, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 826. Cotypes, Nos. 13,810 (type) to 13,819, A. N.S. P. Lake Superior. Richmond, Ind. (E. D. Cope); Big Creek at Fort Hayes, Kan. (J. Janeway); South Fork Cumberland River, Tenn. (E. D. Cope); Ann Arbor, Mich. Etheostoma ceruleum spectabile (Agassiz). Marshfield, Mo. (Drs. C. H. Gilbert and S. E. Meek); Sedalia, Mo. (Drs. D. S. Jordan and §. E. Meek). Etheostoma ceruleum lepidum (Baird and Girard). Boleosoma phlox Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 17, 1880, p. 30. Type, No. 20,447, A.N.S.P. Trinity River, near Fort Worth. E. D. Cope. Elmfork at Saint Joe, Montague county, Tex. (E. D. Cope). Etheostoma flabellare Rafinesque. Sinking and Walker’s Creeks, in Kanawha basin, Kanawha, Holston and Roanoke Rivers, Va. (E. D. Cope); Catawba River, N. C. (E. D. Cope); Richmond, Ind. (E. D. Cope); Grosse Isle, Mich. (E. D. Cope) ; Postville, Ia. (Dr. S. E. Meek). Boleichthys fusiformis erochrous (Cope). Sussex county, Del. (EH. D. Cope). Boleichthys fusiformis gracilis (Girard), Palestine, Tex. (E. D. Cope). Boleichthys fusiformis palustris (Gilbert). Indiana (E. D. Cope). 35 526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., Microperca punctulata Putnam. Indiana (E. D. Cope). Asperulus asper (Linnzus). Rhone River, France (Bonaparte Coll.). Asperulus Klein, in Walbaum, Pet. Arted. Gen. Pisc., 1792, p. 584 (type Perca zingel Linnzeus only species mentioned), has priority over ' Zingel Cloquet, Dict. Sci. Nat., IX, 1817, p. 240 (type Perca zingel Linneus first species). Asperulus zingel (Linnzus). Danube River (Bonaparte Coll.), and also evidently those from E. D. Cope. Acerina cernua (Linnzus). Sweden (Prof. J. Kinberg); Europe (Bonaparte Coll.). Gymnocephalus schretser (Linnzus). Danube?, Europe (Bonaparte Coll.). APOGONIDA, Foa brachygramma (Jenkins). Hawaiian Islands (Dr. J. XK. Townsend; Dr. William H. Jones). Apogon imberbis (Linnzus). The example recorded by Cope from Newport, R. I., as Apogonich- thys americanus differs a little from Mediterranean examples in the Bonaparte Coll. in having a shorter pectoral, though this may be associated with youth as it only measures 34 inches. In this respect however it approaches Castelnau’s figure, which was based on an example nearly 4 inches long, equal in size to my Mediterranean ones. The Newport specimen shows: Head 24; depth 24; snout 44 in head; eye 3; maxillary 2; interorbital space 44; pectoral 14; maxillary reach- ing posterior margin of pupil; margin of preopercle with minute obso- lete serre; gill-rakers 11, 2+9, m1, and longest about 2 of eye; dark brownish dustings behind eye and on opercle above; a brownish blotch about as large as pupil on caudal peduncle at base of caudal; edges of rayed dorsal and upper and lower edges of caudal tinted dusky. This and the following are members of the subgenus Apogon, dis- tinguished by the presence of VI spines in the first dorsal, and the anterior ridge of the preopercle entire. Apogon retrosella (Gill). An example from J. A. MeNeil, taken at Panama, from which locality the species has not been obtained before. It has a deep brown saddle on back at base of rayed dorsal, and another larger and obscure one . : ; | 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 527 on the caudal peduncle posteriorly. Also a few dusky dots on post- ocular region. Opercle silvery. Apogon maculiferus Garrett. Two examples from the Hawaiian Islands. Coll. Dr. J. K. Townsend. This species belongs to subgenus Ostorhinchus Lacépéde, distinguished from the previous subgenus chiefly by the presence of VII spines in the first dorsal. Other species which I have examined are Suma- tran examples of A. evanidus Fowler, A. hyalosoma Bleeker and A. novemfasciatus Cuvier, Japanese examples of A. notatus (Houttuyn), A, lineatus Schlegel, A. semilineatus Schlegel and A. niger Steindachner. A. snydert Jordan and Eyermann and A. menesemus Jenkins from the Hawaiian Islands belong to subgenus Pristiapogon Klunzinger, dis- tinguished by having both preopercular ridges serrate. ASTRAPOGON subgen. nov. Type Apogonichthys stellatus Cope. Distinguished from subgenus Apogonichthys Bleeker, Nat. Tijds, Ned. Ind., VII, 1854, pp. 312, 321 (type Apogonichthys perdix Bleeker), by the long ventrals, which reach well beyond the front of the anal. (Aozpoy, star; 4, without; zoy’w, beard.) Fig 10.—A pogonichthys stellatus Cope. (Type.) 528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., Apogonichthys stellatus Cope. Fig. 10. Tr. Amer. Philos. Soc. Phila., (2) XIII, 1866, p. 400. Nos. 12,677 (type) ae eg eI ISh 125 , cotypes. New Providence, Bahamas. Dr. 00 The larger example may be selected as the type. It has interorbital space 44 in head, and flattened. Gill-rakers 1, 2+9, 1, slender and longest 2 of eye. Length 2 inches. Both have D. VI. AMBASSIDA. Ambassis ranga (Hamilton). Three examples from India. Dr. M. Burrough. T have also examined Scombrops boops (Houttuyn) from Japan. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 529 MOLLUSCA OF THE OZARKIAN FAUNA. BY H. A. PILSBRY AND JAMES H. FERRISS. In the midst of the valley of the greatest river of the continent the Ozark Mountains stand above the plain. On the east and south they are bordered by lowlands scarcely a hundred feet above sea level, and westward the great plains stretch to the foothills of the Rockies. The Ozarks rise to no considerable height, the highest point, Magazine Mountain, in Logan Co., Ark., attaining to 2,823 feet; but the rough topography, in strong contrast with that of surrounding regions, affords conditions favoring the evolution of special forms, species or races, adapted to these conditions. Many of these forms have prob- ably been evolved just where we now find them, and where they are in a measure isolated by the absence or rarity of similar haunts in the lower and more level country surrounding the mountainous area. Some aquatic forms, Unionide and Pleuroceratide, are also peculiar to the Ozark region, though in the main Mississippian species rule. During the greater part of March and April, 1903, the authors col- lected at numerous places in the western Ozarks, in southwestern Mis- souri, western Arkansas, and Indian Territory, the localities selected being supplemental to those worked by Mr. Ferriss in 1900 and 1901. The results of our work are herein dealt with. I. Faunat RELATIONS OF THE OZARK REGION. The Alleghanian (= Transition of Merriam), Carolinian (= humid Upper Austral) and Austroriparian (= humid Lower Austral) zones as mapped by Dr. Merriam,‘ in eastern North America, are probably reflected as clearly in land molluscan distribution as in that of verte- brates and plants, though of course there is broad overlapping of faunas, and the smaller details of the zonal limits remain to be deter- mined by diligent local work. In the Northern States, this local amplification may well be based upon Dr. Merriam’s map; but in the Southern Appalachian system some significant discrepancies appear when the land mollusks are compared with vertebrate distribution. 1 Life Zones and Crop Zones of the United States, Bulletin No. 10, U. S. De- partment of Agriculture, Division of Biological Survey, 1898. 530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., The Boreal (Canadian) areas mapped by Merriam in Kentucky, Tennessee and North Carolina have for mollusca no faunal connection with or resemblance to the Canadian zone fauna of the northern mountains and Canada. ‘There is no evidence that the northern fauna invaded these heights during the Ice Age, but much evidence to the contrary.?, Had such an incursion taken place, it seems hardly con- ceivable that no Vitrina, Pupilla, Vertigo or northern Zonitide should remain to tell the tale. A certain ill-defined zonal distribution depend- ent on elevation may be traced, the mountain tops having a poorer fauna than the lower levels, with dwarfed races of some species and a few special species; but the zoological affinities of the forms are in the main with those of the lower coves, not with snails of higher latitudes. This illustrates what has been recognized by a few zoologists work- ing in other departments, that transcontinental ‘‘life-zones’’ have no necessary connection with the larger facts of faunal distribution, but define secondary divisions, parallel, so to speak, all over the world. For instance equal zones in the southern Alleghanies and the Rocky Mountains might be spoken of as ‘‘physically homologous,’’ but not faunally so. In eastern North America we have, leaving the Floridian tropical element out of the account, two faunas of inland mollusca, developed in diverse areas: (1) the Boreal fauna, consisting of Holarctic species _or genera, such as Vitrina, Zonitoides, Enconulus, Acanthinula, Val- lonia, Pwpilla, Punctum, Sphyradium, Lymnea, etc., which apparently had their rise in the north, and (2) the Appalachian fauna, consisting of forms characteristic of the eastern United States, such as the Mesodon, Triodopsis and Stenotrema groups, Omphalina, Vitrini- zonites, Paravitrea, Gastrodonta, the alternata group of Pyramidula, Helicodiscus, ete. From what we know of the Pliocene land shells, and those of the interglacial and post-glacial Loess, it is clear that these faunas must have been already as distinct at the close of the Pliocene as at present; and in the case of the Appalachian fauna, we have every reason to believe that its ancestors occupied eastern North America during tertiary time, and how much farther back no man can say? 2See in this connection, Pilsbry, Mollusca of the Great Smoky Mountains, Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1900, pp. 110-150, and Walker and Pilsbry, Mollusca of the Mt. Mitchell Region, Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1902, pp. 413-442. 8 The boreal and southern elements in the east American fauna were fully recognized by Mr. W. G. Binney many years ago. Cj. also Charles C. Adams Southeastern United States as a centre of geographical distribution of flora ani fauna, Biological Bulletin III, pp. 115-131, 1902. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 531 From the investigations made by the authors and their friends, it is obvious that there was in the East no extensive glacial recession of the snail fauna southward beyond the border of the ice sheet. It seems likely that the northern fauna of Appalachian origin was largely wiped out, and the survivors crowded with the boreal forms in a band along the States bordering the glaciated area. This comparatively recent concentration of the snail population southward gives at first the impression that the radiation of this element of our fauna was from the southeast, yet during the mild tertiary period favorable condi- tions certainly existed much farther north than at present, and there seems no more reason to postulate a southeastern than a north- eastern tertiary radiation. In the more elevated Rocky Mountain region there was obviously a more extensive glacial recession. Boreal genera and species were pushed at least as far as the Mexican boundary, where they still sur- vive at considerable altitudes. The Appalachian types of land snails now extend over all of the Alle- ghanian, Carolinian and Austroriparian zones; but within this area we must recognize several strongly individualized faunas characterizing mountainous tracts. These are as follows: I. The Austro-Appalachian fawna, comprising the eastern division of the Appalachian Mountains east of the valley of East Tennessee chiefly in North Carolina, south to Georgia. It is bounded on the north in Virginia and West Virginia by an Alleghanian zone fauna on the high- est ridges and a normal Carolinian at lower levels. The Austro- Appalachian fauna has been explored by Dr. Rugel, Mrs. George Andrews, Mr. Wetherby, Messrs. Walker, Sargent, Clapp, and the present authors. It is mapped as Transition and Boreal in Dr. Merriam’s Life Zone map of 1897. Il. The Cumberlandian fauna, including the western division of the Appalachian Mountain system in Kentucky, Tennessee and northern Alabama. ‘The limits of this fauna extend southwestward beyond the nucleus plotted as Transition in Merriam’s map. Our knowledge of this fauna is due to Lea, Binney, Bland, Wetherby, Harper and others. It has been neglected by the present generation of conchologists, but careful collections by Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Smith are now in progress on its southern border (Alabama). Ill. The Ozarkian fauna, limited to the Ozark uplift, chiefly in Arkansas, but extending into adjacent States north and west. It is largely mapped as humid Upper Austral (= Carolinian) by Merriam. These three faunas possess but few species in common, aside from 532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., those widespread forms of the whole Carolinian zone, yet they have a similar facies, owing to the rich development of Stenotrema and toothed Zonitide, the relative scarcity of Pupillide, ete. It may be that the resemblances are due to parallelism in evolution of the faunas from a common source, yet the possibility may be entertained that the Mississippi embayment, which isolates the Ozark uplift, was crossed by a ridge, permitting rock-living snails to emigrate west from the Cumberland plateau, at some period in tertiary time. This is a geo- logical question aside from our present purpose.‘ There is no mention- able trace of Boreal zone elements in any of the three southern moun- tain faunas; and no ground exists in the molluscan fauna. for mapping even the highest peaks as Canadian or Alleghanian. The Ozarkian fauna is thus one of several mountain faunas of com- mon origin, all traceable to the Appalachian tertiary radiation. The limits of this fauna can be mapped only after much more field investi- gation, but roughly it includes the broken country of southern Mis- souri, a small area in southeastern Kansas, the hilly eastern part of Indian Territory, and the greater part of Arkansas, east as far pos- sibly as the 500-feet contour line; but data are absolutely lacking for the definition of its eastern boundary in Arkansas. We know that on the opposite shore of the Mississippi there is no trace of Ozarkian forms. Possibly the upland region of northwestern Louisiana should be added. On the northwest, north, and northeast of the Ozark area the wide- spread Carolinian species rule; on the southeast and south the Austroriparian, and on the southwest the uttermost waves of Lower Sonoran life ripple against the rising Ozark mass. The several elements of the fauna are here listed. 1. Species and subspecies confined to the Ozark fauna: Polygyra dorjeuilliana? Polygyra 7. deltoidea. d. sampsoni. 7. simpson. d. percostata. labrosa. d. perstriata. fraterna imperjorata. jackson. pulsbryt. 4Dr. D. S. Jordan writes: ‘‘Streams of the Ozark Mountains similar in char- acter to the rivers of East Tennessee have an essentially similar fish fauna although between the Ozarks and the Cumberland range lies an area of lowlan' bayous into which such fishes are never known to penetrate.’’ (Science Sketches). He suggests that the time of mingling across the lowlands may have been when the intervening region had a colder climate. aT. | 5 This species spreads southward as far as Galveston, etc., but it is listed here because it is an abundant Ozarkian form, and has three races confined to that area. 1906. | NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 533: Polygyra uncijera. Polygyra indianorum. blandiana. t. lioderma. inflecta media. binneyana. edentata. b. chastatensis. e. magazinensis. kiowaensis. obstricta occidentalis. Gastrodonta demissa brittst. neglecta. Omphalina fuliginosa ozarkensis. cragint. Vitrea aulacogyra. exoleta ozarkensis. significans. dwvesta. simpsont. 2. Carolinian species occurring in the Ozark uplijt or on its borders (many of them extending also into the Austroriparian or Sonoran, the latter marked S.): Polygyra stenotrema. Euconulus chersinus dentatus. jraterna. Agriolimax campestris (S.). appressa. Pyramidula solitaria. a. perigrapta. alternata. inflecta. perspectiva. elevata. Helicodiscus parallelus. albolabris allen. Philomycus carolinensis. thyroides. Pupoides marginatus (S.). clausa. Bijidaria armifera (S.). Circinaria concava. contracta (S.). Omphalina fuliginosa. procera (S.). friabilis. pentodon Say (S.). Gastrodonta ligera. tappaniana Ad. (S.). Zonitoides arborea (S.). Cochlicopa lubrica.® minuscula (S.). Vallonia parvula. Vitrea hammonis.® Succinea retusa. indentata (S.). ovalis Say. petrophila. grosvenori (S.). multidentata. avara (S.). 3. Austroriparian and Sonoran species (the latter marked S§.),. extending into the Ozark uplift or to its borders. *These are more properly Boreal species, extending downward, however. through and below the Alleghanian (Transition) zone. 534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., Helicina orbiculata tropica (S.). Bulimulus dealbatus. Polygyra texasiana (8.). Zonitoides singleyana. triodontoides. Euconulus chersinus trochulus (S.). leporina. Vertigo rugosula. jraterna. Strobilops labyrinthicus terasianus f. friersoni. (S.) j. alicie. Helicina orbiculata tropica ‘Jan.’ Pfr. (S.) About 36 per cent. of the total number of land snails listed are thus peculiar to the Ozark fauna; but when its boundaries come to be more exactly defined, and the finger-like extensions of the Austroriparian and Sonoran areas along the river bottoms are eliminated, the propor- tion of special forms will probably be increased. Il. ANNnotTaTepD List oF SPECIEs. With few exceptions, only the species collected by the authors in March and April, 1903, are treated of here. For a full knowledge of the Ozarkian fauna up to this time, Papers 6, 9 to 25 of the Bibliogra- phy appended must be consulted in connection with this. The specimens reported below were collected by the authors, except when another collector’s name is given in parenthesis. Unless other- wise stated, all records are from specimens, not from the literature. Helicina orbiculata tropica ‘Jan’ Pfr. Missouri: Chadwick, Christian Co. Arkansas: Rogers, Benton Co.; Blue Mt. Station, Logan Co. Indian Territory: Limestone Gan Choctaw Nation; Wyandotte. Polygyra texasiana (Moric.). Oklahoma City, Okla. (Ferriss). A form with rather weak, irrecu- larly developed striation, similar to the Texan transitions between P. texasiana and P. t. hyperolia. Also Petit Jean, Ark., and Limestone Gap, I. T. (Ferriss); found by Pilsbry at neither place. Mr. Sampson reports this species from Sebastian and Nevada Cos. Ark., and from Indian Territory, opposite Fort Smith, Ark. Polygyra dorfeuilliana Lea.’ Pl. XX, figs. 13, 14, 15, 16. This species is now known to us from the following localities: 7 This species was named for Mr. Dorfeuille, of Cincinnati, proprietor of a museum and place of amusement known in 1827 as ‘‘Dorfeuille’s Hell.’’ Mrs. Trollope, in Domestic Manners of the Americans, states that ‘‘Cincinnati has not many lions to boast, but among them are two museums of natural history; both of these contain many respectable specimens, particularly that of Mr. Dor- feuille, who has moreover some highly interesting Indian antiquities. He is a man of taste and science. . . . . As Mr. Dorfeuille cannot trust to his science for attracting the citizens, he has put his ingenuity into requisition . . . He has constructed a pandemonium i in an upper story of his museum, in which he has congregated all the images of horror that his fertile fancy could devise, ”” ete. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 535 Missouri: Warsaw, Benton Co.; Springfield, Green Co.; Chadwick, Christian Co. ; Seligman, Barry Co.; Current River, county not recorded. Mr. Sampson adds Camden, Howell, Douglas, Macdonald and Jasper counties (Nautilus, VIII, pp. 18, 19). Baker records Arcadia, Iron Co., and J. H. Britts found it in Henry Co. (Walker Coll.). Kansas: Arkansas City, Cowley Co. Arkansas: Mammoth Spring, Fulton Co.; Hardy, Sharp Co.; Eureka Springs, Carroll Co.; Rogers, Benton Co.; Van Buren Co.; Chester and Porter, Crawford Co.; Carrion Crow Mt., near Atkins P. O., Pope Co.; Gwynn and Poteau Mts., Sebastian Co.; Blue Mt. Station, Magazine Mt. and Petit Jean Mt., Logan Co.; Hatton Gap, Rich Mt. and Mena and Cove, Polk Co.; Gilham, Chapel Hill, Horatio and Ultima Thule, Sevier Co.; Morris Ferry and Rocky Comfort, Little River Co.; Hot Springs, Garland Co. It has, in addition to these places, been recorded from Hempstead, Nevada, Washington, Franklin, Pulaski, Johnson and Perry counties by Mr. Sampson. Indian Territory: Wyandotte, Wyandotte Nation; Fort Gibson, Cherokee Nation; Red Fork, Creek Co.; Eufaula, Sugar Loaf Mt., Wister, Poteau, Tushkahoma, Standley, Antlers and Limestone Gap, Choctaw Nation. Louisiana: Frierson and Nachitoches, Nachitoches Co.; De Soto Co. (Coll. B. Walker); Mt. Lebanon, Bienville Co. Texas: DeKalb, Bowie Co.; Cooke Co.;* Denison, Grayson Co.; Dal- las, Waco; Tarrant Co.;* Washington Co.;* Burleson ® and Brazos ° counties; Galveston. These places are plotted on the accompanying map, on which locali- ties for P. dorjeuilliana are represented by dots and the variety samp- soni by outlined dots. Henry and Camden counties, Mo., are the most northern localities known, and Arcadia, Iron Co., Mo., and the Current River are the easternmost. On the west it is known from Grouse Creek, near Arkansas City, Kan., and throughout the eastern half of the Indian Territory, and in Cooke Co. and Fort Worth, Tex. Southward it penetrates to Washington Co., Tex., in the latitude of Austin. This species thus inhabits an oblong area about 600 miles long and 300 wide. In Missouri and Arkansas it is not known from the Missis- sippi lowlands, all known localities being above the 500 feet contour. In Louisiana and Texas, however, it descends to half that elevation, 8 On the authority of Mr. J. A. Singley. ® On the authority of W. G. Binney. 536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., but yet, except at Galveston, where it may be imported, it seems to be: absent from the very wide and low Gulf border. Fig. 1—Distribution of Polygyra dorfewilliana Lea, known localities represented’ by dots. The variety sampsoni Wetherby, by its more uncoiled spiral, is a more evolved or accelerated race than typical dorfewilliana. It occu- 1906.} NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 537 pies the northern central portions of the area, while the less evolved typical form is peripheral. There is, however, no line to be drawn between them, as in many places both forms and the intergrades occur together, and in the Choctaw Nation especially, most specimens are intermediate in size of the umbilicus. Tn 1903 we took the species at eleven localities in Missouri, Arkansas and Indian Territory. Some of the specimens from the bluff along Grand River at Wyandotte, near the northeast angle of Indian Terri- tory, are the largest I have seen, and also the most extreme of the sampsont form, diameter 8 to 9.3 mm. (Pl. XX, figs. 17,18,19). Those . from Limestone Gap, Indian Territory, and Magazine Mt., Ark., are intermediate in characters. At Mammoth Spring, Fulton Co., north- east Arkansas. only typical dorfewilliana was taken, the shells being ‘small, 6.7 mm. diam. (PI. XX, fig. 12). This is exactly the size given by Lea for the type, .3 inch. In originally describing this species, Dr. Lea gave the locality as **Ohio, Mr. Dorfeuille, Cincinnati.’? Mr. W. G. Binney states that ‘‘Mr. J. G. Anthony obtained from Mr. Dorfeuille some facts concern- ing the original discovery of this species, which prove beyond all doubt that it was accidentally brought from Kentucky.’’ It is on the strength of this that he reports it from ‘‘ Kentucky, opposite Cin- cinnati.’’ Binney alsorecords dorfeuilliana from ‘‘Coosa River, Ala- bama.’’ A somewhat extensive correspondence with active collectors has failed to bring out any definite locality for dorfewilliana in Kentucky, Tennessee or Alabama. Inquiry among Cincinnati conchologists has elicited no further confirmation of Mr. Dorfeuille’s Kentucky record. Mr. Bryant Walker writes: ‘‘There are no P. dorfeuwilliana from east of the Mississippi, so far as I can find, in the Wetherby collection. I have two specimens labelled ‘Ky.’ sent me years ago by Anthony, ‘and one from the Lathrop collection from ‘Wn. Tennessee.’ ”’ Dr. W. H. Dall, of the U. S. National Museum, under date of October 21, 1905, writes: ‘‘I have looked over our series of dorjewilliana Lea. One, marked by Lea ‘type,’ has the locality ‘Cincinnati,’ but the label records no collector’s name, but the original description credits it to Dorfeuille. There is also a fragment from Florida named by Binney dorjeuilliana, but which in my opinion is a fragment of avara. The first is No. 116,779, the other 47,318. We do not have it from Alabama. All our series are from Indian Territory, Arkansas, Louisi- ana, Texas. I feel quite confident the Ohio or Kentucky locality is erroneous.” 538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., Mrs. George Andrews informs us that no specimens from east of the Mississippi have come to her knowledge aside from the records in Mr. Binney’s work, already alluded to. It is our experience that in the trans-Mississippian region where P. dorfeuilliana occurs it is a common snail, readily found in all suitable stations, and often in considerable quantity. It is not one of the snails occurring only in restricted localities and requiring special search to find. It seems therefore doubtful whether its range really extends east of the Mississippi at all; and until some definite cis-Mississippian locality for it is put on record, we are disposed to erase Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee and Alabama from the ascertained range of the species. : The variety percostata Pils.1° (Pl. XX, fig. 23) was based on specimens from the Red River in southwest Arkansas, in which the riblets of the upper surface continue over the base, which is strongly and coarsely rib-striate. The sculpture, however, varies a good deal, even in the original lot of several hundred specimens, most of which are as smooth as the ordinary form of dorfewilliana. The umbilicus, while variable in width, is never so wide as in typical sampsoni. The diameter is from 7 to 9 mm. We hesitate now to treat P. d. percostata as a subspecies, yet the tendency in this local race to produce a sculptured base is not present in a great number of other colonies of dorfewilliana which have been studied in thousands of specimens. P.d. perstriata n. subsp. Pl. XX, figs. 24 (type), 20, 21, 22. Another incipient race of P. dorfeuilliana from Tushkahoma and Poteau, Indian Territory, is open below like P. d. sampsoni, but the base is finely and densely striate. In a large series collected the sculpture varies but little. Other specimens from Mena, Ark. (Pl. XX, figs. 20-22) are smaller, and vary to forms with less distinctly striate base. Polygyra jacksoni (Bland). Pl. XX, figs. 1-5. The axis in this species is distinctly perforate at all stages of growth. The upper lip-tooth is deeply placed and very oblique. Viewed from the inside, the spire and parietal wall removed, it is seen to be a narrow oblique lamina. There is no tubercle on the columella inside, at least in the specimens I have opened. The diameter varies ordi- narily from 6.5 to 7.5 mm. The type locality is Fort Gibson, I. T. We collected it copiously in 0 Polygyra dorfeuilliana percostata Pils., Nautilus, XIII, p.37. Type loc., near Texarkana, Ark., on the Red River. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 539 the Petit Jean Mts., Logan Co., Ark. A few were taken at Blue Mountain Station, Logan Co., Ark. ; and in Indian Territory, Wyandotte Nation, at Wyandotte, on the top of the bluff, in dry woods under stones. Someof them are very small, barely over 6 mm.diam. Speci- mens from Springfield, Mo., are also small, 6.6 to 7 mm. diam. The localities now known for P. jacksoni follow: Southwestern Missouri: Camden Co.;'! Dade Co.;' Ash Grove and Springfield, Green Co.; Jasper Co.; Barry Co.;'* Macdonald Co." Arkansas: Eureka Springs, Carroll Co.; Washington Co.;' Rogers, Benton Co.;” Porter and Chester, Crawford Co.; Van Buren Co.; Franklin Co. ;* Sebastian Co.;" Blue Mt. Station and Petit Jean Mts., Logan Co.; Rich Mt. and Mena, Polk Co.” Indian Territory: Wyandotte, Wyandotte Nation; Fort Gibson, Cherokee Nation; Poteau, Choctaw Nation.” The range of the species eastward in northern Arkansas remains to be mapped. On the south its limit is apparently indicated with ap- proximate accuracy, since the explorations of Mr. Ferriss in Arkansas south of Polk county, and of both of us in the adjacent portions of Indian Territory, failed to bring P. jacksoni to light. Polygyra jacksoni deltoidea (Simpson). Pl. XX, figs. 6, 7. Helix (Polygyra) jacksoni var. deltoidea Simps., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1888, p. 450. Similar to P. jacksoni, except that the front edge of the parietal callous is very thick and raised in an erect triangle. Alt. 3.5, diam. 8 mm., or smaller, diam. 7.5mm. This form has been found only near Fort Gibson, I. T. It has not before been illustrated. The figures are from cotypes. Polygyra jacksoni simpsoni n. subsp. PI. XX, figs. 8, 9, 10, 11. Larger than P. jacksoni and wholly imperforate, though the axis is hollow except in the last whorl, and the young shells therefore are perforate. The aperture does not differ from that of P. jacksoni, but there is a small tubercle within on the columella, seen upon breaking into the base. Whorls 5}. Alt. 4.7, diam. 9.3 mm. The largest specimen taken measures 9.5 mm. diam., the smallest 8.3 mm. The types were taken by us near Wyandotte, Wyandotte Nation, in the northeast angle of Indian Territory, on the south bank of Grand River, on a steep rocky bluff facing north. Mr. Simpson found this form near Fort Gibson, I. T., and it may be what Sampson refers to as 1 Recorded on the authority of Mr. F. A. Sampson, ” Recorded on the authority of J. H. Ferriss. 540 PROCBEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., a large form of P. jacksoni which he took on the bluffs of the Arkansas River at Van Buren, Crawford Co., and in Sebastian Co., Ark., but we have not seen his specimens. At Wyandotte P. 7. simpsoni alone is found on the bluff facing the river, while the small typical jacksoni occurs in the dry stony woodland at the summit of the bluff. In no case were the two forms found in company. Tn 1900 Mr. Ferriss took a specimen of this variety at Mena, Polk Co., Ark. (ef. Nautilus, XIV, p. 28, No. 72). Section Stenotrema Raf. Five species of this group are now known from the Ozark region: P. stenotrema, P. labrosa, P. blandiana, P. uncifera and several sub- species of P. fraterna. The common Eastern P. lirsuta is not known to enter the Ozarks. Mr. Sampson has recorded it from Sedalia, Mo., aplace well out of the Ozark fauna. P. fraterna, P. fraterna friersont and P. f. alicie are the only Stenotremes known to reach so far south- west as Texas. Polygyra stenotrema (‘ Fér.’ Pfr-). Not a common snail in the Ozark region, so far as my experience goes. It does not appear in Mr. Singley’s Texas list, and I can find no Missouri record, though from its presence at Hardy and Wyandotte it may reasonably be expected over the State lines northward in both Missouri and Kansas, as well as in the still unknown eastern part of Arkansas. The following localities are represented by specimens before us: Arkansas: Hardy, Sharp Co. (Ferriss); Mabelvale, Pulaski Co. (C. W. Johnson); Petit Jean Mts., south of Hartford, Sebastian Co., one dead shell (Pilsbry and Ferriss); spur of the Chastat Mts., about 6 miles south of Mena, Polk Co. (Ferriss) ; to which Mr. Sampson adds the records Clark, Garland and Independence counties. Indian Territory: Wyandotte, Wyandotte Nation (Pilsbry and Ferriss); Fort Gibson, in the Cherokee Nation (E. W. Hubbard). It was also taken at the latter place by C. T. Simpson in 1888. Polygyra labrosa (Bland). Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1903, p. 202, pl. 9, figs. 4-6. Helix labrosa Bld., Ann. Lye. N. H. of N. Y., VII, 1862, p. 107, pl. 4, fig. 19. Tn 1903 we took this species at eight places in Missouri, Arkansas and Indian Territory. It is quite abundant in most places, and varies but slightly. The recorded range of P. labrosa east of the Mississippi in Tennessee and Alabama (see Bland) rests solely upon data and speci- 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 541 mens furnished by our conchological forefathers, and no localities more definite than the States mentioned have been given. It may be that the eastern range claimed for this species and Polygyra dorfeuwilli- ana will prove to be without foundation in fact. In the West its actually ascertained range is as follows. Except where otherwise stated, we have examined specimens from the localities mentioned: Missouri: Camden, Benton, Macdonald and Jasper counties; Springfield, Green Co. ;* Marble Cave near Galena, Stone Co. ; Seligman, Barry Co.; Chadwick, Christian Co.; Cedar Gap, Wright Co." Arkansas: Mammoth Spring, Fulton Co.; Eureka Springs, Carroll Co.; Rogers, Benton Co.; Van Buren™ and Chester,‘ Crawford Co.; Washington, Franklin, “Conway,'*Perry,and Independence?* counties; Carrion Crow Mt.,"* Pope Co.; Hot Springs, Garland Co.; Washita Springs, Montgomery Co.; Little Rock, Pulaski Co.; Magazine Mt., from the summit down, and Petit Jean Mts., Logan Co.; Poteau Mts., south of Gwynn P. O., Hartford Sta., Sebastian Co. Indian Territory: Sugar Loaf Mt., northwest of Gwynn P. O., Ark. These localities are all in the hilly or mountainous country, chiefly in central and western Arkansas, barely reaching over the State border on the west, but extending some distance north into Missouri. Nowhere does the species approach the lowlands of the Mississippi, so far as we know at present; but we are still practically without data on the land molluscan fauna of eastern Arkansas. In his original description Bland mentioned four localities for P. labrosa: Washita Springs and Hot Springs, Ark., Tennessee and Ala- bama. As neither was designated as typical, I would suggest that Hot Springs, Garland Co., Ark., be selected as the type locality. It has been collected there by Ferriss and others. There is a Helix labrosa of Wood, Index Testaceologicus, Suppl., p. 24, pl. 8, fig. 69 (1828), which seems to be identical with Buliminus labiosus Mull. P. (Stenotrema) edgariana might be supposed to inhabit Arkansas, from the range given by Binney, Man. Amer. Land Shells, p. 275, but it has not to my knowledge been found west of the Mississippi River, and I doubt its occurrence there. 8 Recorded from this locality on the authority of Mr. F. A. Sampson. s Recorded from this locality on the authority of J. H. Ferriss. *® Recorded from this locality on the authority of Thomas Bland. 36 542 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., Polygyra monodon (Rack.). Helix monodon Rackett, Linnean Trans., XIII, 1822, p. 42, pl. 5, fig. 2. Sianrene monodon var. leaii Ward, Binney, Man. Amer. Land Shells, p. 281, Paes Pils., Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1900, p. 454. The southern range of typical P. monodon (Stenotrema leai of authors) seems to barely reach the Ozark region. Mr. F. A. Sampson records it from Sedalia, Pettis Co., and Lamar, Barton Co., Mo., and Carroll, Benton, Washington and Nevada counties, Ark.; also Neosho Co., Kan. Wehave notourselves seen Arkansas specimens. The following subspecies replace P. monodon in the Southwest. Polygyra fraterna friersoni Pils. Nautilus, XIII, p. 36 (1899); Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1900, pp. 454-456. The shell is perforate or rarely closed, with 64 whorls, a long fulerum, much longer than in P. }. imperforata, and no distinct notch at the base of the columella. It is larger than P. f. alicia with more whorls. Numerous localities are given in Pilsbry’s paper of 1900, to which the following may be added: Fayette Co., Tex., and Nashville, Tenn., in an open field, collected by A. G. Wetherby. This is the only locality known east of the Mississippi River. The type locality is Frierson, La. Polygyra fraterna (Say). It is somewhat peculiar that this form turns up in central Texas, where it was taken by us at and near New Braunfels, and by Pilsbry at Austin about 14 years ago. Polygyra fraterna imperforata Pils. Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1900, p. 455; 1903, p. 204. We took this form on the Poteau Mts., south of Gwynn P. O. (Hart- ford Station), Sebastian Co., Ark. It is known also from Rich Mt. and Mena, Polk Co., and Rocky Comfort, Little River Co., Ark. One of the types from the last locality measures: alt. 7.7, diam. 10.5 mm. to alt. 6.7, diam. 9 mm. Polygyra fraterna alicia Pils. Helix monodon var. alici@ Pils., Man. Conch., VIII, p. 152. Feb. 25, 1893. Polygyra monodon alicie Pils., Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1900, pp. 454-456; 1903, p. 204. This form is typically small and elevated with very convex base, narrowly perforate axis, and 53 to 6 whorls. The degree of elevation varies a good deal. The fulcrum is long and strongly notched above and below. The basal lip has a more or less strongly developed flange on its face, somewhat as in P. vultuosa, with a notch where it ends at the columella. Specimens of the type lot from Lake Charles, La., measure from 5 x 7 mm. to 5.7 x 7.8 mm. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 543 We took this subspecies at the following localities: Monett, Barry Co., Mo.; Petit Jean Mts., Sebastian Co., Ark.; Wyandotte, Vinita, Wister, South McAlester and Limestone Gap, Indian Territory. It is before us from three localities near the northeastern angle of Texas: Gainesville, Cass Co. (Ragsdale); Wood Co. (R. Walton Coll.) ; and DeKalb, Bowie Co. (Ferriss). Polygyra obstricta occidentalis n. subsp. Pl. XXII, figs. 30, 31, 32. Shell imperforate, shightly convex or nearly flat above, very convex beneath ; similar to the more strongly carinate form of P. 0. carolinensis, but differing by the reduced teeth, those of the lip being very small or vestigeal. Surface rib-striate, very minutely and densely papillose between the riblets, not coarsely roughened as in obstricta. Whorls 44 to nearly 5, the last slightly descending in front. Alt. 7.7, diam. 18.7 mm. Alt. 8.2, diam. 17.8 mm. Alt. 7, diam. 17 mm. Alt. 7.5, diam. 16.5 mm. Northern Arkansas, probably from near Benton, Saline Co. Col- lected by Prof. Stuart Weller. Collections of Ferriss and A. N.S. Phila. This form is readily distinguishable by its dwarf stature and much reduced lip-teeth. It is less acutely keeled than typical P. obstricta. It is evidently what Mr. Sampson® reports from Independence Co., Ark. He found one specimen 20.5 mm. in diameter. P. obstricta carolinensis (Lea) extends westward in the South to Grand Cane, De Soto Co., La., where it was collected by Mr. George Williamson. Typical P. obstricta has not, I believe, been found west of the Mississippi River. Polygyra inflecta (Say). Pl. XXII, fig. 1. Missouri: Chadwick, Christian Co. Arkansas: Rogers, Benton Co.; Blue Mountain Station and Maga- zine Mountain, both on the north and south sides of the summit, and Petit Jean Mts., Logan Co.; Poteau Mountain, south of Gwynn P.O. (Hartford Station), Sebastian Co. Indian Territory: Wyandotte, along the Grand River, Wyandotte Nation; Sugar Loaf Mt., Wister and Limestone Gap, Choctaw Nation. This common snail was everywhere found in abundance; and since in various places it has diverged to form local races or species, some account of its variation may be timely. The type locality given by Thomas Say is ‘‘lower Missouri’’—that is, along the Missouri River %® Mollusca of Arkansas, 1893, p. 186 544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., within the State of Missouri. The type specimen measures alt. 6.2, diam. 11.25 mm., with 5 whorls. The outer lip-tooth recedes a little and is somewhat broad and rounded. The lower or basal tooth is marginal, decidedly narrower than its fellow, and tubercular. The notch between the two teeth is squarish and decidedly wider than deep. See Pl. XXII, fig. 1. In the stony ravines of the Ozark system at Chadwick, Mo., the extensive series collected shows two forms, which we will call 1 and 2, occurring in the proportion of 13 of form 1 to 38 of form 2, or one to three. Form 1(P]. XXII, figs. 2,3) is nearly typical, but more frequently the outer tooth is as small as the basal. The size varies from 5.2 x 10 to 7.3x12mm. Form 2 is more solid, with the aperture more con- tracted by larger teeth (Pl. XXII, figs. 4-6). The two lip-teeth are subequal, the basal one massive and broadly conic. The notch between them is narrower than in the type, and as deep as it is wide. No speci- mens reach the size of form No. 1, the extremes measuring 5 x 9 and 5.3x10mm. Whether these two forms occurred together or in sepa- rate colonies was not noted. The forms from other localities mentioned above vary from typical to a condition of teeth intermediate between the two forms described. Thus at Wyandotte, near the northeast angle of Indian Territory, intermediate specimens occur in profusion (Pl. XXII, figs. 7, 8). Among them was a mutation with the basal tooth obsolete, singularly like P. smithi Clapp, except in the smaller size, diam. 10.4 mm. (fig. 9). On the northern side of the cliff defining the summit plateau of Magazine Mountain it occurs adjacent to the locality for P. edentata magazinensis, though not actually associated with it. The specimens here are mostly small, diam. 9.5 to 11.2 mm. On the drier and warm side south of the summit plateau and in the valley south of Blue Moun- tain Station, at the southern foot of the mountain, they are equally small. The largest injflecta we found were taken in the Petit Jean Mountains, about ten miles south of Magazine Mountain, where they measured 12.3 to 13.8 mm. diam., and usually have the basal lip. calloused on the axial side of the basal tooth. The crest behind the lip is also sharp and high. Polygyra inflecta media Pils. Pl. XXII, fig. 10. Pilsbry, Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1903, 197, in text. Lip-teeth reduced to small tubercles, but still stronger than in P. edentata. Seligman, Barry Co., Mo. (Ferriss, 1901). Types No. 81 437 A. N.S. P., cotypes in Ferriss Coll. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 545 This is a further development of P. inflecta form No. 1, described above. Polygyra edentata (Sampson). Pl. XXII, figs. 11, 15, 16. Triodopsis edentata Sampson, Nautilus, III, p. 85, December, 1889. Triodopsis edentula Sampson, W, G. Binney, Third Supplement Terr. Moll., V, p. 190. Polygyra edentata Sampson, Pils., Man. of Conch, VIII, p. 154, pl. 50, figs. 16-18; Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1903, p. 197. The original specimens came from the summit of the Boston Mts., at Winslow, Washington Co., Ark. Mr, Sampson found it also at Porter, Crawford Co., and Ferriss took specimens at Chester, in the same county. These localities afford specimens 12 to 14 mm. in diam. P. edentata differs from P. inflecta by the reduction of the two lip- teeth to small and inconspicuous prominences, which however occupy the positions of the prominent teeth in P. inflecta. The specimens from Chester have a somewhat sharper, higher crest behind the lip than the others. Polygyra edentata magazinensis n. subsp. PI. XXII, figs. 12, 13, 14, 17, 18. Similar to P. edentata, but more contracted behind the lip, and with the aperture less rounded, more triangular, the lower lip-tooth absent, replaced by a low, wide prominence nearer to the columellar end of the basal lip; seale-like cuticular processes well developed. ANT Gee 7 i de 6.7 a 6 6 mm. Diam 14 UPLD 133,33 13 1215) 12 ik Most of the series of 114 specimens measure from 13 to 14 mm. diameter. All agree in the shape of the aperture and peristome, which varies remarkably little. Magazine Mountain, Logan Co., Ark., in a talus of large rocks under the cliff on the north side of the summit plateau (Ferriss and Pilsbry March 28-30, 1903). We found a single dead specimen on the south side, near where the road ascends the cliff. The smallest specimens are distinctly angular at the periphery in front. Polygyra cragini (Call). Triodopsis cragini Call, Bull. Washb. Coll. Lab. N. H., I, No. 7, p. 202, fig}5. December, 1886 (banks of Chetopa Creek, Neosho Co., Kansas). al This small T’riodopsis varies but little so far as present collections indicate. It borders the Ozark elevation on the west, from Kansas to Texas and Louisiana, the localities known to us by specimens up to this time being as follows: Southeast Kansas: Nesoho Co. (Cragin); Thayer (Ferriss). 546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., Indian Territory: Vinita, Cherokee Co. (Pilsbry and Ferriss); Red Fork, Creek Co. (Ferriss); McAlester (C. T. Simpson), South McAlester (Pilsbry and Ferriss) and Choctaw City (Ferriss), Choctaw Country. Western Arkansas: Mena, Polk Co.; Ultima Thule, Sevier Co. (J. H. Ferriss); Rocky Comfort,” Little River Co. Northwestern Louisiana: Frierson, Nachitoches Co. (L. 8. Frierson). Northeastern Texas: Wood Co. (J. A. Singley). At South McAlester, I. T., we found it under stones and wood ona stony hillside, April 8, 1903. Polygyra hopetonensis (Shuttlw.). There is aset of four small speci- mens apparently of this species, stated on the label to be from Fort Gibson, I. T., received by A. D. Brown from E. W. Hubbard (No. 4,718 A. N.S. P.). This is so far from the well-known range of the species (South Carolina to Florida) that we mention the matter merely to provoke further investigation. Polygyra neglecta Pils. Pl. XXII, figs. 19, 20, 21. Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1903, 196. This species is now known from the following localities: Missouri: Springfield, Greene Co. (Wetherby) ; Chadwick, Christian Co. (Ferriss and Pilsbry); near Marble Cave, not far from Galena, Stone Co. (Coll. A. N.S. ); Seligman, Barry Co. (Ferriss). Kansas: Fort Scott, Bourbon Co. (F. A. Sampson); Erie, Neosho Co. (Ferriss). Arkansas: Eureka Springs, Carroll Co. (Sampson); Rogers, Benton Co. (Ferriss and Pilsbry); Mammoth Spring, Fulton Co. Indian Territory: Wyandotte, Wyandotte Nation (Pilsbry and Ferriss). The range of the species indicated by these localities is a small area in the northern and northwestern outliers of the Ozark system, about 200 miles in extent east and west, and about 120 miles north and south. Its distribution northward in Missouri remains to be determined; but southward in Arkansas and Indian Territory it probably does not range much farther, for it would hardly have escaped the notice of Messrs. Sampson, Simpson, Ferriss and myself. : Several specimens from Mammoth Spring, Fulton Co., near the northern boundary of Arkansas, are not quite typical, yet are decidedly nearer to neglecta than to P. fraudulenta. Whether P. neglecta will stand as a species or be reduced to the rank of a subspecies of P. jraudulenta remains to be seen when good collections from the intermediate region between its area and the Mississippi River can be examined. 1 Reported by Mr. Ferriss, who also gives the locality Hardy, Ark. he 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 547 Polygyra kiowaensis (Simpson), Pl. XXI, figs. 13, 17-20. Helix (Mesodon) kiowaénsis Simpson, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1888, p. 450. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., VIII, p. 155, pl. 50, figs. 13-15, with var. arkansaensis, p. 156, pl. 50, figs. 11, 12. Helix (Mesodon) kiowaénsis Simps., Pilsbry, Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1889, p. 414, pl. 12, figs. 11, 12 (jaw and teeth). Polygyra (Mesodon) kiowaénsis Simpson var. arkansaensis Pils., Nautilus, IV, p. 131 (March, 1891). Mesodon kiowaénsis Simpson var. arkansaensis Pils., Sampson, Moll. of Arkansas, p. 192. This is a solid, compact little ‘‘Mesodon,” readily distinguished from P. binneyana and from the small umbilicate form of P. indianorum by its wide spire and narrower last whorl, and by the very narrow expan- sion of the internally thickened lip, which is without traces of teeth. It was originally found at Kiowa and Limestone Gap, I. T., two stations (not towns) on the M. K. & T. R. R., where Mr. C. T. Simpson collected in 1888. A single bleached shell was taken at Eufaula, I. T. In 1903 we worked a few days, April 9-11, at and near the Gap, and on the adjacent Sandstone ‘‘Mountains’’ immediately eastward. Helices were found chiefly under stones, together with copperheads and rattlesnakes. We found P. kiowaénsis very rare. Pilsbry got two living ones, one of them not full grown, and four dead shells, three of them more or less broken; Ferriss a few more. In all of them the umbilicus is slightly narrower than in a cotype from Kiowa received from Mr. Simpson (Pl. XXI, fig. 20). On the dry southern slope of Magazine Mountain, Logan Co., Ark., we found several dead and bleached shells similar to those from Lime- stone Gap, only two entire and one broken, although a great deal of time and labor was spent in the search. They occurred around and under rocks (Pl. X XI, fig. 13). The only other locality known is from near Hot Springs, Garland Co., Ark., where Mr. Sampson in 1890 found the types of what was described as var. arkansaénsis (Pl. XXI, figs. 17,18). These specimens are some- what more robust than the types of kiowaénsis, with the aperture slightly larger and the umbilicus smaller. The specimens collected by us at Magazine Mountain and Limestone Gap demonstrate however that the differences in the umbilicus and the shape of the mouth are inconstant; and we are now convinced that the varietal distinction is untenable. The name arkansaénsis should therefore be dropped. The scarcity of specimens at the three widely separated localities known, while many intermediate localities have been carefully searched for snails, shows P. kiowaénsis to be one of the rarest of American Helices. Measurements of the specimens in Coll. A. N. 8. follow, the dimen- sions of aperture including the peristome: 548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., Alt. Diam Aperture Umbilicus. Hot Springs.............. 9.5 16 7.2x9 1.5 mm. > 10 16 SP acne ay Magazine Mt............. | oe ee i nee - 2 2 lelix : IO Wa ee ee 8.8 14.5 6.2x7.9 Shas [ Ce 16 6.7x9 Nae Limestone Gap......... J ee a aa He : : x if ee 13.3 Gerry rllel eens The number of whorls varies from 54 to 54. HR Pilsbry and Ferriss. Pl, XXI, figs. 9, 10, 11 (Petit Jean Mts.), 12 (Sugar Pils., Nautilus, XIII, p. 38 (August, 1899); Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1900, p. 451, 1903, p. 201. Ferriss, Nautilus, XIV, pp. 26, 27, 28 (July, 1900). This beautiful species is closely related to P. indianorum, but is readily distinguished from the typical form of that species by its open umbilicus. It is equally easy to separate it from P. kiowaénsis by the larger aperture and comparatively narrower lip, which is less thickened within and more reflexed. It is found only on the mountains,® so far as our experience goes, and chiefly under large stones. It commonly does not seem to be found in the same localities with P. indianorum, either the one or the other occupying the ranges where we collected in 1903. Ferriss however got both at Tushkahoma, I. T., a year or two previously. It is now known from the following localities, all of them south of the Arkansas River: Arkansas: Magazine Mt., Logan Co.; Petit Jean Mts., at the south border of Logan Co., or the northwestern border of Yell Co. (Ferriss and Pilsbry); Mena, Hatton’s Gap and Rich Mt., Polk Co., and Gil- ham and Horatio, Sevier Co. (Ferriss). Indian Territory: Sugar Loaf Mt. and Wister, Choctaw Nation (Ferriss and Pilsbry); Tushkahoma (Ferriss); Poteau, 21-24 mm. diam. (Ferriss). The specimens from Indian Territory are much smaller than those from Arkansas, as may be seen from the following table, from which the variation curves may readily be plotted. At Sugar Loaf Mt. the mode is at 19.5 mm. and the largest specimen measures 23 mm. in diam., while in Arkansas the mode is at 24 to 26 mm., and the largest speci- men measures 28.2 mm. Curiously enough, at Tushkahoma, where the largest P. indianorum were found, P. binneyana was small. 18 Ferriss reports it living under stones in creek bottoms in Sevier and Polk counties, Arkansas. Nautilus XIV, 26-28. eee 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 549 The locality ‘‘Hardy, Sharp Co.’’ given in the original description, may possibly be due to an error of some sort, as that place seems out of the general range of the species; yet until a further search is made there, we are not justified in omitting the locality. Measurements of Polygyra binneyana. Petit Sugar rs Maga- | ,.- lee Diam. in mm. ‘Loaf Mt., Ma ™ ey zine Mt., ee ee Liga be nee Ark. | P. binneyana chastatensis n. subsp. Pl. XXI, fig. 16. In the Chastat Mountains, four miles south of Mena, Polk Co., Ark., Mr. Ferriss found a small race in which the lip is comparatively much wider than in typical P. binneyana, but yet differs from P. kiowaénsis by being strongly reflexed. Types 78,655 A. N.S. P. Alt. 11, diam. 20 mm., whorls fully 5. Alt. 10.5, diam. 17.7 mm., whorls 5. Alt. 9.5, diam. 17.7 mm., whorls 43. This is the smaller variety mentioned by Ferriss, Nautilus, XIV, p. 29. 550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., Polygyra indianorum Pils. Pl. X XI, figs. 1, 2 (Tushkahoma), 3-8 (Limestone Gap). P. divesta indianorum Pils., Nautilus, XIII, p. 39. Ferriss, Nautilus, XIV, p. 28 (July, 1900). P. indianorum Pils., Proc. A. N.S. P., 1903, p. 200. This species is still known from only a small area, the localities being as follows: Arkansas: Poteau Mts., south of Hartford Station (Gwynr P. O.), Sebastian Co., on steep slopes under stones (Ferriss and Pilsbry), April 5, 1903. Indian Territory: Tushkahoma, Standley and Poteau (Ferriss); Limestone Gap (Simpson, Ferriss and Pilsbry). At Limestone Gap, on the line of the M. K. & T. R. R., we found P. indianorum the commonest species, though living ones were hard te get. The shells are smaller than at Tushkahoma, rarely over 22 mm. diam., and about 60 per cent. of the whole number taken have the umbilicus more or less open. There is a perfect series of gradations. from imperforate to as widely umbilicate as P. binneyana; only three shells of those found by Pilsbry were so open as this, and as they were specially looked for, the actual proportion is probably less than 3 per cent. These umbilicate shells, taken by themselves, might be considered to be P. binneyana were it not that they connect with imperforate indianorum by an unbroken series of intergrades, and moreover even those most like binneyana have the columella perceptibly more widely dilated. It will be seen by the table of measurements that all the specimens from Limestone Gap plotted together would form a curve with two nearly equal, strongly marked modes at the diameters 18 and 21 mm. Separated into three series according to the condition of the umbilicus, it is apparent that the imperforate (typical) form is larger than the perforate, being from 18 to 22.5 mm. diameter, with the mode at 21 mm., while the perforate form is from 16 to 21 mm., with the mode at 18 mm., and the few really wmbilicate specimens are 16.3 to 16.8 mm. in diam- eter. This diminution of size correllated with a perforate or umbilicate axis may indicate that the Limestone Gap race is either undeveloped or retrogressive, assuming maturity while yet retaining a character of the stage of youth in the unclosed axis; the best nourished (largest) indi- viduals attaining the normal closed umbilicus, while in those less favored the closure is imperfect, and in only the most stunted snails is the umbili- cus open. A somewhat different view would be that the Limestone Gap series is in process of diverging to form two species, one larger and imper- 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 551 forate, the other smaller and umbilicate; but as yet both characters intergrade, and all the forms certainly occur together. Measurements of Polygyra indianorum. i | rte eine Gi Tushka- | Poteau iam. i ; =| homa, Mts., IO eee eats te (Tecan | eet MU ee al | Ark’ ate. ate. cate. No. of variates.......... 45 60 5 24 16 Polygyra indianorum lioderma Pils. Pl. X XI, figs. 14, 15. Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1902, p. 511. Red Fork, Creek Co., I. T. This form is intermediate between P. indianorum and P. roemeri, being much less regularly and less distinctly striate than the former. It has not before been figured. Polygyra roemeri (Pfr.) is a terminal member of the divesta-india- norum series, smoother than any of the more northern forms. Polygyra divesta (Gld.). This snail is now known from the following places. Names of the collectors are indicated by initials: F., Ferriss; P., Pilsbry;$., Sampson. Missouri: Springfield, Green Co. (F.); Cedar Gap, Wright Co. (F.); Chadwick, Christian Co. (F. and P.); Seligman, Barry Co. (F.); also reported from Jasper and Dade counties (S.). Kansas: Fort Scott, Bourbon Co. (S.). 552 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., Arkansas: Rogers, Benton Co. (F. & P.); Eureka Springs, Carroll Co. (S.); Blue Mt. Station and Magazine Mt., Logan Co. (F. & P.); Carrion Crow Mt., Pope Co. (F.); Petit Jean, Yell Co. (F.); Hot Springs, Garland Co. (F., 8.); Mablevale, Pulaski Co. (C. W. Johnson) ; Washita Springs (Gould, type loc.); also reported from Crawford, Franklin, Sebastian and Conway counties (S.). Indian Territory: Fort Gibson, in the Cherokee country (EK. W. Hub- bard, C. T. Simpson). Louisiana: Grand Cane, De Soto Parish (Williamson). P. divesta has been reported from Bowling Green, Ky., by Miss 8. F. Price (Nautilus, XIV, 75), but I have not seen specimens from there and am not sure of the identification. It has also been recorded from “‘Vernon Co., Miss.,’’ but there is no county of that name in the State. No reliable record of its occurrence east of the Mississippi River exists. Throughout its range the species is very uniform in character, the diameter ordinarily being from 17 to 21 mm. At Chadwick, where nearly all land snails are dwarfed, the shells are remarkably small, a series of 23 measuring as follows: No. of specimens.................- 1 3 6 3 4 4 1 tal Diamar See 1806) 1475) oe 52 5 16 n 625 eles Polygyra albolabris alleni (Wetherby). Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1903, p. 197. Several small series were taken in 1903 showing variations similar to those discussed in a former paper. Aside from size the shells do not vary much. The diameters are tabulated below for ten localities where we took the species in 1903. Two large specimens from the north side of Magazine Mountain show a parietal tooth. We do not remember seeing this tooth developed in the trans-Mississippian race of albolabris hitherto. The largest specimens were taken on steep, damp and rocky northern slopes, without reference to elevation. At Wyandotte, at an elevation of about 900 feet above the sea, they live on the steep, rocky bluff facing the river. At Magazine Mountain the series of large shells came from the edges of the talus, just under the great sandstone cliff along the northern side of the pleateau summit, at an elevation of about 2,700 feet; while at an equal elevation on the dry south side, with the same sort of rock and abundant cover, the shells were small, 25 mm. diam., and at the base of the mountain still smaller, 24.5 mm. At Chadwick, where the country rock is limestone, the individuals are small, 22 to 25 mm. The size of individuals in this species and area seems to be dependent upon the abundance of cryptogamic food, and is therejore a junction of en ee 7 oa 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 553 S # lees B GP |) Ber - = On on ° ~ oS 4 psy lice, el ash citer 2] len) Benue gS g||, ceo | Ee SSE | | Sa )|AL Di i Eo] 2 g< mR | Sie Bl Sk 5 Pat SS i jam. in mm. | 7 = Bon] 8 | bed] God] Se SH) g51 8 > oS 5 BR te | ao > a > a) 8 S| he a Se on sis) sis oo} 5 = eI ‘S) =e | Ss!) w = Se (calea [La na ] | ] i aE sae rey Pay | | the particular station rather than related to elevation or geologic for- mation. It is likely that the specimens from Seligman, Mo., which exhibited two sizes without intermediate forms, commented upon in these Proceedings for 1903, p. 198, were from two stations of diverse physical features. There has also been recorded from Daingerfield, Morris Co., Tex., a small form of albolabris, collected by Mr. W. L. McDaniel (J. A. Singley, Contrib. to Nat. Hist. of Texas, Mollusca, p. 305; Fourth Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. of Texas, 1892). Mr. Singley also reports that a colony of P. albolabris from North Carolina has been established by Mr. Askew at Tyler, Smith Co., Tex. Polygyra zaleta ozarkensis n. subsp. Pl. XXII, figs. 26-29 Mesodon exoletus Binn., Sampson, Preliminary List of the Mollusca of Arkansas, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. of Ark. for 1891, II, p. 190. The shell is smaller than P. zaleta (Binn.), with the spire usually more elevated, having somewhat the aspect of P. elevata; whorls 54, more slowly increasing, the last, in dorsal view, narrower. Aperture with a larger parietal tooth; columellar prominence usually well developed. Bright yellow, usually with a pink under-tint showing through on the spire. The cuticle is often partly or wholly worn from living shells. Alt. 16.5, diam. 23 mm. 554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., Alt. 15.5, diam. 23.5 mm. Alt. 15.5, diam. 23 mm. Alt. 15.5, diam. 21.5 mm. Types No. 91,329, A. N.S. P., from Sugar Loaf Mt., Choctaw Nation, I. T., collected by Pilsbry and Ferriss, April 6 and 7, 1903. While readily distinguishable from typical P. zaleta (or exoleta, as it is commonly known), this form has much in common with the race of northern Alabama, such as Mr. H. E. Sargent found at Woodville. In Woodville shells also the parietal tooth is very large, and the size is ordinarily that of typical zaleta, though occasional dwarf specimens are not larger than the Ozark race. In fresh specimens of P. z. ozarkensis there is usually an appearance of angulation at the periphery in front, though no actual angle exists. The more elevated specimens might easily be mistaken for P. elevata, which however differs by its columellar plate, the irregular shape of the aperture and the more closely wound whorls. Typical P. zaleta we have seen from Black Hawk Hollow, Fort Madi- son, Lee Co., lowa (T. Van Hyning), but it has no extensive distribu- tion in Iowa. Binney reports it from Missouri, but all the specimens before us from that State are the variety ozarkensis. Binney specified no type locality for his Helix zaleta, merely stating that it is ‘‘common in the States bordering on the Ohio river, and in the western parts of Virginia and Pennsylvania.’’ In order to have a definite standard, Cincinnati, O., may be considered type locality, specimens from that place agreeing well with his description and figures. The following localities are now known for P. z. ozarkensis. Where no collector is mentioned the shells were taken by the authors: Missouri: Current River; Seligman, Barry Co.; Cedargap, Wright Co.; Springfield, Green Co. (S. Weller); Chadwick, Christian Co. Arkansas: Hureka Springs (Sampson); Mammoth Spring, Fulton Co.; Harrison, Boone Co. (Stuart Weller); Rogers, Benton Co.; Maga- zine Mt., Blue Mt. Station and Petit Jean Mts., Logan Co.; Mablevale, Pulaski Co. (C. W. Johnson); Little Rock; Poteau Mts., south of Gwynn P. O., Hartford Station, Sebastian Co.; Rich Mt. and Mena, Polk Co.; Little River, Little River Co. In addition to these places from which we have seen specimens, Mr. Sampson records P. ezxoleta from Washington Co, Indian Territory: Sugar Loaf Mt., close to the western boundary. of Sebastian Co., Ark.; Wyandotte. ne 1906. } NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 555 Measurements (diameter) of Polygyra zaleta ozarkensis. | © yy mn ~ oes S - : os oo AF ~ o As s [lao |S¥/ 85] 8s | 4a [2 a Sai ha || eh eSB ASP |S eet So Js Diam.inmm. | 2°] £°| & Si | Sa SoU le Oceeall cer || iesua ; Sf gst) Gost | =| 8 SUN See I i | eae) Gh Lee Ss = Be) Ss] 8. | SS |e BS G | ws fs) 5 Sea | ec | et |[fo & {| se eS) nD =F = Sa} aes |e en ieee | | NON we Of this species only two or three, at most, of the lots taken are suffi- ciently large to be expected to yield normal curves. It would seem however that there is no difference in size between shells from the shady north side of the summit of Magazine Mountain and those from its dry southern slope. The Poteau Mountain and Petit Jean Mountain lots are from northern exposures, but these mountains are rather dry. The Sugar Loaf lot is from shady, leafy ravines, but not especially well watered ordamp. ‘The snail however is not one which affects moist or rocky situations. It lives preferably on slopes leaf-carpeted over a rich humus, and rolls out of the leaves where one is raking for Omphalina. On the north side of Magazine Mountain we took them on the leafy slope just below the great rock-talus. From localities in Arkansas other than those tabulated but few (one to three) specimens have been seen. They agree with those in the table with three exceptions: At Rich Mountain Mr. Ferriss took two speci- mens, 23.5 and 26 mm. in diam.; in Little River Co. three taken measure 24.25 and 26.5 mm.; and two from Little Rock are large and heavy, 26 and 27.5 mm. These larger shells approach the eastern P. zaleta, and indeed intergrade with that in size. Polygyra elevata (Say). Pl. X XU, figs. 22-25 (Hardy, Ark.). Sampson, Kansas City Review of Science and Industry, February, 1883, p. 551; Bull. Sedalia Nat. Hist. Soc., August, 1885, p. 19. (Sedalia, Mo.) Moll. of Arkansas, Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. 1891, p. 190. 556 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., Simpson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1888, p. 450. (Fort Gibson, I. T.) Call, Bull. Washburn College Laboratory of Nat. Hist., I, No. 7, p. 202, December, 1886. (Wyandotte, Kan.) Very few records have been made of the existence of this species west of the Mississippi River. The form from this region is in the average smaller than Eastern shells. Some care is required to dis- tinguish it from P. zaleta ozarkensis. A set of fine shells from Spring- field, Green Co., southwestern Missouri (A. G. Wetherby collection), is in the collection of Bryant Walker, who gives the following measurements: JANG eee 17 16.75 16 15.75 15 mm. IDEN sc 21.5 20.25 19.75 20.5 ADez3) Sampson records P. elevata from Sedalia, Mo. We have not seen specimens. One shell (Ferriss Coll.) was taken by Prof. Stuart Weller near or at Harrison, Boone Co., Ark., measuring 17 x 22.6 mm. At Hardy, Sharp Co., also in northern Arkansas, a series of five taken by Mr. Ferriss measure: ING ee 15.5 16 16 ilze 17 mm. Diam PHL ts) 20 20.5 PALS 22s Whorls...... 64 64 64 62 64 Several of these are illustrated for comparison with P. z. ozarkensis, from which the greater number of whorls and the oblique, straightened basal lip, usually with a tooth and notch at its outer end, distinguish P. elevata. Other records from Arkansas are given by Mr. Sampson: Carroll, Crawford, Clark, Jackson Cos., and Augusta, Woodruff Co. (Call). He remarks that it is ‘‘found on low ground or adjacent thereto.’’ P. elecata seems to be a species which has penetrated only the northern edge of the Ozark region. The specimens reported from Fort Gibson, I. T., should be re-examined, for they may prove to be P. z. ozarkensis, a form easily mistaken for P. elevata. P. elevata occurs as a pleistocene fossil in the Mississippi river bluffs at Alton, Ill., and Natchez, Miss. Polygyra thyroides (Say). Taken by us at Chadwick, Christian Co., Mo.; Rogers, Benton Co., and Mammoth Spring, Fulton Co., Ark., and in Indian Territory at Wyandotte, Wyandotte Nation, Vinita, Cherokee Nation, and Wister, Choctaw Nation. Also at San Marcos, Hays Co., in central Texas, and reported by Ferriss from Smithville, Tex. Polygyra clausa (Say). Chadwick, Christian Co., Mo.; Mammoth Spring, Fulton Co., Ark.; Vinita, Cherokee Nation, I. T. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 557 PUPILLID A. Pupoides marginatus (Say). Rogers, Benton Co., Ark.; Limestone Gap, Choctaw Nation, I. T. Bifidaria contracta (Say). Rogers, Benton Co., Ark.; Limestone Gap, I. T. Bifidaria armifera (Say). Chadwick, Christian Co., and Monette, Barry Co., Mo.; Rogers, Benton Co., Ark. ; Vinita and Limestone Gap, I. T. Bifidaria procera (Gld.). Rogers, Benton Co., Ark. Bifidaria pentodon (Say). Hillside along creek south of Blue Mountain Station, Logan Co., Ark, Vertigo rugosula Sterki. Limestone Gap, I. T., one specimen. Strobilops labyrinthioa texasiana Pils. and Ferr. Wyandotte and Limestone Gap, I. T. (Ferriss and Pilsbry); Fort Gibson (Hubbard). Silver Lake, Kan., and Pottawatomie Co., Okla. (J. B. Quintard). VALLONIIDA. Vallonia parvula Sterki. Fort Gibson, Cherokee Nation, I. T. (E. W. Hubbard, Coll. A. N.S. P.). This is the only Vallonia we have seen from Arkansas or Indian Territory. No other species or locality has been recorded. CIRCINARIIDZ. Circinaria concava (Say). Chadwick, Christian Co., Mo. Magazine Mt., Logan Co., Ark., north side of the summit; also on the south side. ZONITIDZA. Gastrodonta ligera (Say). We took this snail at Vinita, Cherokee Nation, I. T., in abundance. We have also seen specimens from Fort Gibson, I. T., taken by Mr. Simp- son in 1888. These points mark its western limit so far as known. Mr. Sampson reports it from five counties in Arkansas (Moll. of Ark., p. 182). Itis not known from southern Arkansas or Texas. In Louisiana and the adjacent part of Texas G. intertexta replaces ligera in the low country, but that species has not been found in the Ozark region. 37 558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., Gastrodonta demissa brittsi (Pils.). Zonites brittsi Pils., Nautilus, V, p. 99, 1892 (Hot Springs, Ark.). Gastrodonta demissa var. lamellata Pils., Nautilus, XIII, p. 107, January, 1900 (Tushkahoma and Poteau, I. T.). G. demissa and var. brittsi and lamellata Pils., Proc. A. N. 8. Phila., 1900, p. 456; 1903, p. 213. Ferriss, Nautilus, XIV, July, 1900, p. 31. Zonites demissa Binn., brittsi Pils. and gularis Say, Sampson, Prelim. List Moll. of Ark.; Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. Ark. for 1891, Vol. II, pp. 182, 183, Nos. 5, 6, 16. Zonites acerra Lewis, Simpson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1888, p. 451 (Fort Gibson, I. T.). The shell varies from imperforate to as widely perforate as G. demissa ; the periphery is well rounded in adults, and the basal and outer walls of the aperture have a white callous lining, showing yellow outside on the last third of the base, the rest of the shell being olivaceous. Young shells usually have at some stage of growth an entering callous lamella within the basal lip, at the position of the similar lamella in G. gularis. Alt. 6.5, diam. 10 mm., whorls 64. Type locality, Hot Springs, Garland Co., Ark.; distribution, the Ozark uplift in Arkansas and adjacent portions of Missouri and Indian Territory. This form has been much misunderstood, and no fewer than five names have been applied to it. It was not until the series collected by us in 1903 was studied that the problem reached solution. In any good series from one place, it is found that some shells possess the basal lamina within the mouth, and that while these shells may be of various sizes, they fall short of the maximum size of the toothless individuals found with them. Inthe fully adult shells from any colony the lamina has always been absorbed, so far as our experience goes. But specimens of any size may also want the lamina; so that the lamellate stage may be a transitory feature appearing sooner or later, or possibly it may not be developed at all in some individuals. In one lot of 24 shells from Hot Springs, the largest one showing a lamina is 8.5 mm. in diam., and the lamina is very low, hardly notice- able. All of the 7 from this size down to the smallest (5.5 mm.) are laminate, most strongly so in the youngest. None of the larger shells (16 individuals, up to 10 mm. diam.) show a lamina. Fig. 2 repre- sents a series of these shells, drawn to the same scale. The types of G. brittst were specimens just past the laminate stage, but still immature. In some colonies the laminate stage persists in somewhat larger shells than above indicated. The size of the umbilical perforation varies, and we do not now think that any racial distinction can well be based upon its variations. The 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 559 Fig. 2.—G. d. brittsi, Hot Springs; series showing changes with growth, x 4. subspecies differs from typical Eastern G. demissa chiefly by the usual development at some stage of the internal lamina, whereas we have never seen this structure in any Eastern examples of the species. G. d. brittst is a more primitive form than G. demissa, and its chief claim to renown is that it supplies the link between the toothed Gas- trodonts, such as G. gularis, and those without teeth, G. acerra, ceri- noidea, ligera and intertexta, with which demissa has hitherto been associated. When young, G. d. brittsi belongs to the dentate group, but adults qualify to enter another class.’ Like the Gastrodonts of the Appalachians, these Ozarkians vary interminably in minor features with locality. At Magazine Mt., Logan Co., Ark., we took it sparingly at all elevations. Also on the Petit Jean Mts., south of Magazine, where they are 9 to 10 mm. in diam., the young of 5 mm. being laminate. Also on the Poteau Mts., south of Gwynn, Sebastian Co., and on Sugar Loaf Mt., in Indian Territory, west of Gwynn, where those up to three-fourths grown are laminate. At Chadwick, Christian Co., Mo., there is a large acerra-like form, diam. 12 mm., with 64 whorls and coarse sculpture. Only a few were taken, none being of the laminate form. The identification of this lot remains a little uncertain. The largest specimens we have seen are from Mena, Polk Co., Ark., where they measure up to 8.5 x 14 mm., with 7 whorls. A young one, 7.5 mm. diam., is laminate, as are all those of smaller size. The Tt may be noted that the ligera group was not included in Gastrodonta by Binney and former authors. It was transferred to that genus by Pilsbry some years ago on anatomic grounds. The conchologic connection is now established. 560 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., Fig. 3—G. demissa brittsi, Mena, Ark. The outline figures are natural size. adults are very similar to G. acerra, and doubtless it was this form which Simpson records as acerra in his Indian Territory list. Numerous other localities for G. d. brittsi may be found in the works cited above, under the names demissa, britisi, lamellata, acerra and gularis. Zonitoides arborea (Say). Chadwick, Christian Co., Mo.; Magazine Mt. and Blue Mt. Station, Logan Co., Ark.; Vinita, Sugar Loaf Mt. and Limestone Gap, I. T. The specimens from the summit of Magazine Mountain are small with asmall umbilicus, and smoothish, glossy surface with the most delicate sculpture in place of the usual wrinkles. The very minute dense spiral striation is better developed than usual in Z. arborea. Zonitoides minuscula alachuana (Dall). We took this in Logan Co., Ark., at Magazine Mountain, both on the north and south sides of the summit; very scarce. This race differs from Northern Z. minuscula by its much wider umbilicus. It was origi- nally described from Alachua Co., Fla. Vitrea multidentata (Binn.). Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1903, p. 208, Pl. X, figs. 6, 6a. Magazine Mt., Logan Co., Ark., on rocks in the great talus of the cliff along the northern side of the summit. The specimens are very fine and typical, usually with two rows of five or six teeth each, but some show three rows. This is very much farther west than the species has hitherto been recorded, and is the only locality known west of the Mississippi River. Vitrea simpsoni (Pils.). V. significans and V. simpsoni have no spiral sculpture, only a faint fine granulation, when examined with a high power. The radial grooves of the upper surface are weaker in V. simpsoni than in V. significans, especially on the inner whorls. We took the typical form of V. simpsoni at Limestone Gap, I. T., and along a creek about ten miles 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 561 southwestward. The shells measure 4.5 to 5 mm. diam. and have nearly 54 whorls. _ At the following places a small race of V. simpsoni occurs. The largest shells are barely 4 mm. in diam., with 5 whorls. The umbilicus is smaller and the aperture less lengthened than in the typical form. Missouri: Chadwick. Arkansas: Rogers, Hardy, Blue Mountain Station, Petit Jean Mountains, Morris Ferry. Indian Territory: Wyandotte, Poteau. Vitrea aulacogyra n. sp. Shell similar to V. petrophila but very much larger, with sculpture of close, obliquely radial strie on the upper surface, the strie fine and ‘close on the inner whorls, much coarser on the last; striz and interven- ing grooves about equal. Upper surface slightly convex, nearly flat. Whorls 54, very slowly widening, the last very much wider, rounded peripherally, the base smoothish, not distinctly striate. Aperture as in V. petrophila. Umbilicus slightly smaller in proportion, one-fourth the diameter of the shell. Fig. 4.—V. aulacogyra, x 4. Alt. 3.3, diam. 8 mm., umbilicus 2 mm. wide. Magazine Mountain, in the talus at the north side of the summit. This form evidently stands close to V. petrophila, from which it differs in the close sculpture of all the whorls and the larger size. The maximum diameter of petrophila in the Ozarks, judging from over 30 specimens from various places, is 54 mm., with 54 whorls, the umbilicus 1.6 mm., contained 34 times in the diameter. The largest Tennessee specimen before us measures 5.6 mm., with 53 whorls. Bland gives the diameter of petrophila as 6 mm., with 54 to 6 whorls. V. aulacogyra is excessively rare. Only one specimen, perfect though bleached, was found. 562 _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF ({Dec., Vitrea hammonis (Strém). Chadwick, Mo.; Magazine Mt., Logan Co., and Rogers, Benton Co., Ark. Excessively fine spiral strie are visible on these specimens, in a favorable light, under the compound microscope. In Eastern V. hammonis they are generally absent. V. petrophila may be distin- guished from hammonis by its more numerous and more closely coiled whorls. Vitrea indentata (Say). Monett, Barry Co., and Chadwick, Christian Co., Mo. Rogers, Ben- ton Co.; Magazine Mountain and Blue Mountain Station and Petit Jean Mountain, Logan Co., Ark. Wyandotte, Vinita, Sugar-loaf Mountain, South McAlester and Limestone Gap, Indian Territory. In the Territory the shells are distinctly perforate (var. umbilicata ‘Singley’ Ckll.), but are not quite so large as the Texan form. It is here, as in Texas, the commonest of the smaller zonitids. Vitrea petrophila (Bland). Arkansas: Magazine Mountain north of the summit, Logan Co. It was found by Ferriss in 1900 at Mena, Polk Co., near the western border of the State (Nautilus, XIV, 30). The specimens from Magazine Mountain differ from the types from Hast Tennessee in being brown in color, like Zonitoides arborea, while the typical form is of a pale corneous tint. There are fully 54 whorls. V. p. pentadelphia has but 44. This species belongs to the section Glyphyalinia. The westward extension of this species is unexpected. It will probably prove to be more widely spread in the Carolinian area than is now known. Omphalina fuliginosa (‘ Griff.’ Binn.). Small, globose specimens were taken on the northwestern confines of the Ozark area at Wyandotte, I. T., and Rogers, Benton Co., and Poteau Mountain, south of Hartford Station, Sebastian Co., Ark. From the shells alone it would be difficult to decide upon the species, but the soft anatomy is certainly nearer fuliginosa than friabilis. Omphalina fuliginosa ozarkensis n. subsp. The shell is light and thin, varying from dusky olive to olive-chestnut, dusky near or at the lip. The surface is indistinctly marked with fine spiral strie. Whorls 44, the earlier ones invariably worn and white or whitish. The mantle is pale gray, the branches of the vena cava black, pulmonary vein and its branches not pigmented. Alt. 16 13° mm. Diam. 23.3 Pale, 1906.) NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 563 Petit Jean Mountains, south from Magazine Mountain, type loc.; also Magazine Mountain, chiefly on the north side of the summit, buried in earth under dead leaves on shady hillsides, the apex only exposed. Ferriss and Pilsbry, March 28 to April 2, 1903. Also Sugar- loaf Mountain, on the boundary between Arkansas and Indian Terri- tory. In the field this form is instantly recognizable by the black lines of the pallial region, sharply defined against a pale ground, and readily visible through the shell. In spirit this black pigment remains un- changed. Omphalina friabilis (W. G. Binn.). Arkansas: Mablevale, Pulaski Co. (C. W. Johnson); Rocky Comfort, Little River Co. (Ferriss, 1900). Mr. Sampson (’93, p. 181) reports friabilis from several other counties, but as his list does not mention O. fuliginosa it is almost certain that he included the two species in his records. Texas: San Marcos, Hays Co., under dead leaves in the thicket along a rill on the northeast side of San Marcos River, abundant. The anatomical distinctions between O. friabilis and fuliginosa will be discussed elsewhere. The shells may be distinguished by the smaller apex, narrower and more closely coiled early whorls of friabilis, in which moreover the apical whorls are smooth, polished, whitish-corneous and unworn, while the summit in southwestern fuliginosa is invariably worn, the cuticle removed from the earlier whorls. Euconulus chersinus dentatus (Sterki). Nautilus, XII, p. 116, February, 1899. Magazine Mt., on the north side of the summit; also under stones on the hills along the creek south of Blue Mt. Station; both in Logan Co., Ark. Two young specimens from each place. This form was also taken at Hardy, Ark. (Ferriss). These two are, we believe, the only localities known for dentatus west of the Mississippi. PHILOMYCIDZ. Philomyous carolinensis (Bosc.). Chadwick, Mo.; Roger and Magazine Mountain, Ark.; Wyandotte, Sugar-loaf Mountain, Vinita and Wister, I. T. ENDODONTIDZ. Pyramidula alternata (Say). Arkansas: Magazine Mt., Logan Co., from the summit to the base 564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., a finely striate form with rounded periphery. At the following locali- ties the striation is slightly coarser and the periphery weakly angular: Petit Jean Mts., Logan Co.; Poteau Mts., Sebastian Co. Indian Territory: Wyandotte and Wister, slightly angular specimens; Sugar Loaf Mt., rounded periphery and coarse sculpture. Pyramidula perspectiva (Say). Chadwick, Christian Co., southwestern Mo.; Arkansas, Magazine Mt., Logan Co., somewhat abundant on the north side of the summit, a few taken also on the dry southern side down to the railroad station. At Rogers, Benton Co., Ark., a small form of perspectiva was found, normal in form and sculpture but only 7mm.diam. The species is else- where so constant in size that this local form is noteworthy. Helicodiscus parallelus (Say). Arkansas: Rogers, Benton Co.; Magazine Mt., Logan Co. Indian Territory: Wyandotte, Vinita, South McAlester and Lime- stone Gap. The specimens from Magazine Mt., where a large series was taken, are scarcely over 3 mm. in diameter with 44 whorls. Those from the Territory are slightly larger, 3.8 mm., with 5 whorls. We saw nothing of H. fimbriatus Weth., reported from this region by Simpson. Succinea avara Say. Magazine Mt., north side of summit, and Petit Jean Mts., Logan Co., Ark.; Vinita, Wister and Limestone Gap, I. T. LYMN AIDA. Lymnea desidiosa Say. Rogers, Ark. Lymneza columella Say. Oklahoma City, Okla. (Ferriss). Planorbis trivolvis Say. : Rogers, northeastern Ark.; Limestone Gap, I. T. Ancylus kirklandi Walker. Hardy, Sharp Co., Ark. (Ferriss). Erroneously reported as A. haldemani in these Proceedings for 1900, p. 457, according to Walker, Nautilus, XVII, July, 1903, p. 29. In Texas we took it at New Braunfels, on rushes in Comal Creek. It was also sent from Garcitas Creek and the Guadelupe River, Victoria Co., by Hon. J. D. Mitchell (1899). Anoylus walkeri n. sp. Shell pale corneous, thin, oval, the right and left sides equally curved ; 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 565 moderately elevated, the apex depressed, radially striate, situated behind the posterior third, and much nearer the right than the left margin. Surface densely and minutely striate concentrically, and showing faint traces of radial striz. Anterior and left slopes convex; right and posterior slopes concave. Length 4.3, width 2.75, alt. 1.4mm. Fig. 5.—Ancylus walkeri. Arkansas: Rogers, Benton Co., on fallen leaves in a fish pond, Ferriss and Pilsbry, 1903. Types No. 87,479, A. N.S. P. This Ferrissia has nearly as excentric an apex as A. excentricus, decidedly more so than in A. rivularis or tardus. The summit of the shell is in front of the somewhat depressed apex. It is named for Mr. Bryant Walker, who has published an excellent revision of the Eastern Ancyli. PHYSIDZ. Physa integra Hald. Rogers, Benton Co., Ark. A brown form of the species. Physa albofilata Anc. Chadwick, Christian Co., Mo.; abundant and the only Physa found. In small rivulets it is dwarfed. Physa rhomboidea Crandall. Nautilus, XV, p. 44, pl. 2 Be . figs. 6,7, August, 1901. Cf. A. Springer, Proc. A. N.S. Phila. , 1902, p. 514, pl. XXVL The shells we took from the stream running through Limestone Gap, I. T., agree with this form received from Mr. Crandall. POMATIOPSIDZ. Pomatiopsis lapidaria (Say). Rogers, Benton Co., Ark. 566 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., BIBLIOGRAPHY, The following list of papers bearing on the mollusca of the Ozark uplift and region adjacent thereto is not intended to be exhaustive. It comprises most of the papers which have not been cited or referred to in the standard works, and which are essential in the study of this fauna. _ . Baxrr, F.C. Note on Mollusks from Arcadia, Mo. Nautilus, XII, p. 36, July, 1898. Binney, W. G., and Gray, ArTHUR F. Notes on the Land Shells of Kansas. Bull. Washburn College Lab. of N. H., Vol. I, No. 1, pp. 55, 56, January, 1885. Catt, R. EvtswortH. Contributions to a Knowledge of the Fresh-water Mollusca of Kansas. Bulletin of the Washburn College Laboratory of Natural History, Topeka, Kan. I. Fresh-water Bivalves. Vol. I, No. 1, pp. 49-51, January, 1885. II. Fresh-water Univalves. Vol. I, No. 1, pp. 51-54, January, 1885. III. Fresh-water Bivalves. Vol. I, pp. 93-97. IV. Vol. 1, No. 4, Oct., 1885, pp. 115-124. V. Fifth Contribution to a Knowledge of the Fresh- water Mollusca of Kansas. Vol. I, pp. 177-184. VI. Sixth Contribution ae a Knowledge of the Fresh-water Mollusca of Kansas. Vol. II, No. 8, October, 1887, pp. 11-25. [Includes also three terrestrial species, Succinea mooreiana, Ferussacia subcylindrica and Oligyra occulta.} 4. aa Description of a New Species of Unio from Kansas. Bulletin of the Washurn College Laboratory of Natural History, I, No. 2, January, 1885, p. 48, pl. 2, figs. 1-4 (Unio popenoi). 5. ——. Notes on the Land Mollusca of the Washburn College Biological Survey of Kansas. Bulletin of the Washburn College Laboratory of Natural Ebstony I, No.7, December, 1886, pp. 201-206. 6. —. A Study of the Unionide of Arkansas, with Incidental Reference to their Distribution in the Mississippi Valley. Trans. of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, VII, No. 1. . Cracin, F. W. Miscellaneous Notes. Bulletin Washburn College Laboratory of Natural History, Vol. I, No. 2, pp. 83, 84 (Unio occidens and Bulimu- lus dealbatus in Kansas). 8. ——. A New Species of Unio from Indian Territory. Bull. Washburn Col- lege Laboratory of Natural History, II, No. 8, October, 1887, p. 6 (Unio quintardit). 9. Ferriss, J. F. In search of Polygyra pilsbryi. Nautilus, XIV, July, 1900, pp. 25-31. 10. ree A New Lampsilis from Arkansas. Nautilus, XIV, pp. 38, 39. 11. Forp, Frank J. Kansas Shells. Nautilus, III, 105, 106. 12. Marsu, Witt1am A. Description of Two New Species of Unio from Arkansas. Nautilus, V, 1, 2. Description of a New Unio from Missouri (Pleuwrobema missouriensis). Nautilus, XV, p. 74, November, 1901. 14. Merk, EUGENE Sern. A List of Fishes and Mollusks Collected in Arkansas and Indian Territory in 1894. Bulletin U. S. Fish Commission, Vol. XV, for 1895, pp. 341-349 (1896). The mollusks listed (p. 349) are from Old River near Greenway, in northeastern Arkansas. Sixteen bivalves and four aquatic gastropods. 15. Piuspry, Ht A. Notes on Certain Mollusca of Southwestern Arkansas. Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1900, pp. 449-459. Mollusca of Western Arkansas and Adjacent States, with a Revision of Paravitrea. Proc. A. N.S. Phila., 1903, pp. 193-214. to ce “I 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 567 17. Sampson, F. A. Notes on the Distribution of Shells. Kansas City Keview of Science and Industry. I. Shells of Eureka Springs, Ark. Vol. V, p. 526, 1881. II. Shells of Fort Worth, Tex. Vol. V, p. 681, 1882. III. Shells of Sedalia, Mo. Vol. VI, February, 1883, p. 551. IV. Lamar, Barton Co., Mo.; Springfield, Mo.; Eureka Springs, Ark. Vol. VI, pp. 22-25. 18. ——. Shells of Pettis Co.,Mo. Bulletin Sedalia Natural History Society, August, 1885, pp. 16-28. 19. ——. Notes on the Distribution of Shells. American Naturalist, 1887, pp. 83-86 (On Gastropods collected in Northwestern Arkansas in March, 1886). 20. ——. A Preliminary List of the Mollusca of Arkansas (exclusive of the Unionide). Ann. Rep. Geol. Survey of Arkansas for 1891, II, pp. 179-199, 1893. 21. ——. Mesodon andrewsi in Missouri. Nautilus, VI, p. 90. 22. ——. Southern Shells in Missouri. Nautilus, VIII, p. 18. 23. ——. Mollusca of Arkansas. Nautilus, VII, pp. 33-35. 24. Some Arkansas Snails. Nautilus, VIII, p. 36. 25. Srmpson, CHartes T. Notes on Some Indian Territory Land and Fresh- water Shells. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1888, pp. 449-454. EXPLANATION OF PLates XX, XXI, XXII. Puarr XX.—Figs. 1-5.—Polygyra jacksoni, Petit Jean Mountains, Ark. Figs. 6, 7—Polygyra jacksoni deltoidea, Fort Gibson, I. T. Cotypes. Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11.—Polygyra jacksoni simpsoni, Wyandotte, 1. T. Cotypes. Figs. 12.—Polygyra dorfeuilliana, Mammoth Spring, Mo. Figs. 13-16.—Polygyra dorfeuilliana, Hardy, Ark. Figs. 17-19.—Polygyra dorfeuilliana sampsoni, Wyandotte, I. T. Figs. 20, 21, 22.—Polygyra dorfeuilliana perstriata, Mena, Ark. Fig. 23.—Polygyra dorjewilliana percostata, Red River, Ark. Cotype. Fig..24.—Polygyra dorjfeuilliana perstriata, Tushkahoma, I. T. Cotype. Puate XXI.—Figs. 1, 2—Polygyra indianorum, Tushkahoma,.I. T. Figs. 3-8.—Polygyra indianorum, Limestone Gap, I. T. Figs. 9-11.—Polygyra binneyana, Petit Jean Mountains, Ark. Fig. 12.—Polygyra binneyana, Sugar-loaf Mountain, I. T. Fig. 13.—Polygyra kiowaensis, Magazine Mountain, Ark. Figs. 14, 15.—Polygyra indianorum lioderma, Red Fork, 1I.T. Cotypes. Fig. 16.—Polygyra binneyana chastatensis, Chastat Mountains, Ark. Co- type. Figs. 17, 18.—Polygyra kiowaensis (types of var. arkansaensis), Hot Springs, Ark. Fig. 19.—Polygyra kiowaensis, Limestone Gap, I. T. Fig. 20.—Polygyra kiowaensis, Kiowa, I. T. Cotype. PratTEe XXII.—Fig. 1.—Polygyra inflecta Say. Type. Figs. 2, 3.—Polygyra inflecta, Chadwick, Mo., form No. 1. Figs. 4-6.—Polygyra injlecta, Chadwick, Mo., form No. 2. Figs. 7-9.—Polygyra injlecta, Wyandotte, I. T. Fig. 10.—Polygyra injflecta media, Seligman, Mo. Type. Fig. 11.—Polygyra edentata, Chester, Ark. Figs. 12-14, 17, 18.—Polygyra edentata magazinensis, Magazine Mountain, Ark. Cotypes. Figs. 15, 16.—Polygyra edentata Porter, Ark. Figs. 19, 20, 21.—Polygyra neglecta, Chadwick, Mo. Figs. 22-25.—Polygyra elevata, Hardy, Ark. Figs. 26-29 —Polygyra zaleta ozarkensis, Sugar-loaf Mt. Cotypes. Figs. 30-32.—Polygyra obstricta occidentalis, Northern Ark. Cotypes. 568 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., OBSERVATIONS MADE IN 1906 ON GLACIERS IN ALBERTA AND BRITISH COLUMBIA. BY GEORGE, JR. AND WILLIAM 8. VAUX. At the present time the glaciers close to the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway located in the western part of Alberta and the eastern of British Columbia offer very convenient opportunities for study and comparison. The most accessible examples are found on the western slopes of the Selkirk and Rocky Mountain ranges, where they are fed by the immense precipitation from the warm winds blowing eastward from the Pacific Ocean. In common with almost all glaciers through- out the world it is found that these are receding, and while the changes between year and year are not great when the immense area of the glacier is considered, in a decade or century sweeping differences must be noted. That the general tendency for a great many years has been to recede every glacier in this region points with unmistakable evidence. At no very remote date the Illecillewaet and Asulkan Glaciers met and flowed as one down the valley which is now shared in common by their streams; while the beautiful Lake Louise, more than 225 feet deep at the centre, owes its existence to the dying Victoria Glacier which now extends only to within one and one-half miles of the upper edge and is year by year depositing in the lake masses of glacier mud, ultimately to reduce it to a muskeg marsh. Thus at every turn the life span of glacier, mountain and lake may be read, and the creating and destroying forces seen at work on every hand. The much greater activity of glaciers located on the western slopes of the mountains as compared with those on the eastern has already been noted, and it may also be observed that the snowfall on the higher ranges is greater than on the lower in corresponding positions, even though the latter may lie farther to the west, and consequently nearer to the origin of the moisture-bearing winds from the Pacific Ocean. The amount of precipitation of snow on the several mountain slopes and in the passes adjacent to the railway has always been a matter of much interest to those concerned in protecting the roadbed during the winter, and also to students of glacier and alpine phenomena, as by comparisons made oyer a long series of years interesting data of cause 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 569 and effect may be obtained. Upon the completion of the railway records were started, and have been kept with more or less regularity, of the snowfall at three points near the summit of Roger’s Pass on the western slope of the Selkirk Range. While of course great variations have taken place and inaccuracies have crept in, the summaries of daily measurements are here given as they have been preserved for three stations, ‘‘Cut Bank,’’ at an elevation of about 4,000 feet, Glacier House, 4,120 feet, and ‘‘ No. 18 Shed,’’ 4,300 feet. Table Showing Y early Snowfall on West Slope of Selkirk Range. Year. | Cut Bank. Glacier House. | No. 18 Shed. 1886-1887 No record. No record. 42 ft. O ins. 1887-1888... No record. No record. 34" OC 1888-1889... 14ft. 5ins. No record. 23 One 1889-1890... 20 4 Gi No record. SB ay 1890-1891... Lee Gis No record. No record. 1891-1892... 2 soe No record. 36 ft. 3 ins. 1892-1893... 23 NARS No record. Sis} Fa) 1893-1894... 2S tee Oe 45 ft. 44 ins. No record. 1894-1895... 16° acs 28ycee Tite. No record. 1895-1896... DES | BUS No record. No record. 1896-1897... TOE =D) £6 34 ft. 1lins. No record. 1897-1898... No record Dee 6s No record. 1898-1899... 18 ft. llins Aenean No record. 1899-1900... TSE AOL 26 tree lhe 20 ft. O ins. 1900-1901... 7 el Olea aie i fi {ee GSS a 1901-1902... Osea oes 28." GR * fe eal) ae eS 1902-1903... 22 IS apie (Oe Pe on 1903-1904... DAln Ay Se 41 “ ea 1904-1905... i Gy rs 16 “ tise a eto ne 1905-1906 aR ee 22 ORs" 22 AX Taking into account only the years in which records have been pre- served gives the average snowfall at ‘‘Cut Bank,’’ 19 feet 3 inches, Glacier House, 30 feet 10 inches, and ‘‘ No. 18 Shed,’’ 33 feet 8 inches, while the average yearly snowfall, taking into account all years ob- served since the winter of 1886, gives 27 feet 11 inches. On the higher slopes and the névé regions of the glaciers in the vicinity the snowfall is much greater, yet the above may be taken fairly as an average for the elevation of Glacier House, 4,120 feet, or a little below the tongue of the Illecillewaet Glacier. In the following pages no attempt will be made to describe the pecu- liar phenomena of the several glaciers upon which measurements have been made, but to briefly outline the observations made during the last two weeks of July, 1906, together with sufficient description of the work which has gone before to provide data for comparisons. 570 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF ([Dec., ILLECILLEWAET GLACIER. GuaciER House, British COLUMBIA. Being the most accessible of any of this group, the Illecillewaet Glacier has been observed yearly since 1898. Prior to that time, beginning in 1887, the observations have been made with less regu- larity. The work may be divided under three heads, each of which will be treated separately as follows: Test Pictures—These have been made each year, beginning August 17, 1898, from the marked rock ‘‘W.’’ From this point a complete view of the tongue and lower glacier may be had, and of a part of the icefall almost up to the limit of the dry glacier. The same camera and lens being used and exactly the same position selected, the pictures indicate very accurately the changes which have taken place in any given interval. A careful study of these shows that in spite of the continued recession of the tongue and a general shrinkage of the ice at the edges, particularly at the left side where great masses have broken away uncovering water-worn bedrock, the thickness of the ice at the sky line is appreciably thicker than it was in 1898. This condi- tion has been noted for a number of years, and time alone will prove whether an advance will take place when the thicker mass reaches the icefall and tongue. There is no doubt, however, that in all other par- ticulars—breadth, depth and extension of tongue—the glacier is at present from year to year decreasing. A comparison of the two test pictures of 1902 and 1906, reproduced herewith, with that made in 1898 (compare Plate V, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899) will show in detail the changes which have taken place. Recession of Tongue——As previously noted (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 124), the first accurate location of the tongue of the ice is to be found in a long flat boulder not far from the moraine of 1887 (S. on the map), lettered by unknown hands, ‘‘16 feet to nearest ice, ’°90.’? With this rock as a basis the glacier showed a retreat after eight years on August 17, 1898, of 452 feet. From 1898 to the past summer (1906) the annual change has been determined from a rock (marked ‘‘C.’’ on map) lying in the centre of the bed moraine and which on August 17, 1898, was 60 feet from the tongue of the ice. The following table shows the recession each year and the date on which the measurements were made. ’ 1For¥detailed accounts of previous investigations on this glacier see Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, pp. 121 and 501, and 1901, p. 213. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 571 Illecillewaet Glacier, Recession of Tongue of Ice from Rock C. Date of Observation. Distance Tongue of Ice} Recession of Ice since ; to Rock C, previous Year. 60 ft. | Wome 16 ft. 140: = 64 “ Ties 63 203) < 4g“ 2oDe) wi Sle 2404 “ce | 54 “ce DAS aa avy 84“ It is interesting to note that while the recession between 1890 and 1898 showed an average of 56 feet per year, for the eight years from 1898 to 1906 this average has been but 33.3 feet per year, or about three-fifths. It will also be observed, by reference to the map, that the measurement on July 24, 1906, was not made to the point of greatest extension in the ice. Should this point have been measured the course would not have been in the same line as previous years, the tongue having moved to the left, but the recession for the year ending in 1906 would have been 64 feet, instead of 84 feet as noted in the table. The change noted between any two years is not a good indication of the amount of recession or advance which may have taken place, as the local weather conditions, rainfall, and even the condition of the crevasses above, all have a marked influence in determining changes, and it is only when these are eliminated by including a longer interval that the true amount of change may be determined. Flow of Glacier above Tongue.—In 1899, to determine the rate of flow of the ice at a point about 1,300 feet above the tongue, eight plates were laid out across the glacier. These were accurately placed by means of a transit in a true line almost at right angles to the direction of flow, and their change in position accurately determined after stated intervals. The positions of these plates have been plotted on the map, and the table on page 572 gives a summary of the changes that have taken place at the times noted. With the exception of the comparisons made between July 31 and September 5, 1899 (see first part of table, page 574), the motion indi- cates the movement of the glacier over the period of approximately a year, and thus includes both the summer flow which should be greater and the winter flow which should be less than the averages given. Several of the 1899 plates have been lost from one cause or another, [Dec., OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY 572 “4807 SSS “480'T \80r7 a “4907 ‘\sory "SUT GQ°G "SUT 988'8 480] ‘SUT 18°F ‘SUL OPL'L "SUL 008 ‘OT —= ‘80T “OUTBLOUL lop1i0q uC ‘SUI EL’ ‘SUL 913°9 “4S0'] ap ata “480'T — “\soryT “906T “606T ‘er A[ng uo aul [BUISLIO MOOG dOURYSIG ‘S06L OF C061 ‘uoly -ow A[IVG ‘9g Isnony uo oull [BULSILO MO[OG BOURISIC(T “sur 61° ‘sur 79's ‘Sul $8'7 ‘SUI QT'P ‘SUL $6'8 ‘SUL 16° *B06T 99 OO6I ‘uol} -ow A[IVGg “\8OrT ‘SUL F0G'9 ‘SUL 8189 "SUT 9g8'G “4SO'T ‘SUL Qh8'P ‘SUL OPP ‘SUL 9p'g “B06T ‘9z Jsnsny uo aul] [BULSIIO MOTEq adUTISIG “sul ‘sul ‘sul ‘0061 9 668T ‘10l) ou ALIRG ! OF0'S “SUL O9L'S 083% 082% oH “SUL QTL'T 88h ‘T P0'T ‘SUL ‘SUI “SUL “SUL ‘sul “0061 ‘9 snsny uo OUL[ [RULSLIO MO[A DOURISIG ‘9061 1 G68T ‘saynpq {0 auvy [o uoyjopy bumoysy a1qQn,, “UGTOVTY) LAVMATIIOATTY ‘our, UD jeulT tO ‘oull UO ‘aur, UO ‘oul, uO our, UO ‘aul, UO ‘aul, UO ‘6681 'Te Aine UO 804¥B[q JO UOlISOg ‘OWI jo soquinyy 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 573 while others have completed their journey and now rest on the bowlders at the edge of the ice. In 1906 an entirely new set of six plates was prepared, and on July 12 they were laid out on the exact line used in 1899 (see map). Some defects having been found in the first plates the ones laid out this year were of different design. A lighter steel reduced the weight by one-half without decreasing efficiency, while the pipe caulk was dispensed with entirely, a hold in the ice being obtained by turning the right edge up one-half inch, and the left edge down a like amount. The plate was thus held in position on the ice should it turn over. It is made up of but one piece, and may be nested compactly for carrying. Steel one-eighth inch thick was used, 6 inches by 7 inches, which was left 6 inches square after the edging up had been completed. A trial showed that the thinner plate, allowing greater melting of the ice beneath, formed a pocket in which the plate rested, almost entirely free from slipping even on the steeper slopes. Each plate was marked ‘‘VAUX, 1906’’ in white on a red lead back- ground. The plates laid out were numbered from 1 to 6, beginning on the right side of the glacier. The aim of this investigation was to compare the yearly rate of flow at the line laid out with the yearly changes in the position of the tongue, and to determine the effect which a change in one would have on the other. As the second series of plates have been in position but a short time no yearly comparisons can be made, but the following table, comparing the daily motion of the plates in the fall of 1899 (compare Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 507) with the motion of those in 1906, will give a ratio of the summer motion between the two dates. The plates have been grouped according to their location on the glacier, the numbers in the two instances bearing no relation to each other. The great uncertainty of this work may be realized when it is noted that in 1906 during twelve days the surface conditions of the glacier changed completely. Crevasses opened, others closed, and plates which when laid out were on comparatively level ice were found to be in almost inaccessible positions, which took long détours from the main path to reach. The interval between the laying out and measuring of the plates was one of unusual heat. Great freshets were reported all through the district, every glacier stream was swollen to abnormal size, and evi- dences of great surface melting were everywhere apparent. In addition to locating the position of the plates, a cross-section of the surface of the glacier at this point was developed. A comparison 38 574 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., of this area with that similarly plotted in 1899 shows a marked shrink- age in the surface of the ice at that point. Table Comparing Summer Daily Motion of Plates on LIllecillewaet Glacier. 1899-1906. 1899—36-day interval. | 1906 —12-day interval. ] | | l : - | Feet from Average | Average | Feet from | ,, . Amber ©: 1906 daily motion daily motion 1906 eS: o “| ice edge. in inches. || in inches, | ice edge. : | Plate lost. | 92 1 1 187 2.56 | | 7.00 276 2 2 415 3.90 3 520 5.51 \| | | 11.33 532 3 + 668 Grr | | Qi I a 4 5 760 6.06 | | 6 900 6.79 | 7 956 6.16 | 10.25 | 1,020 5 8.85 | 1,171 6 8 1220 | 6.00 ASULKAN GLACIER. GuactaR Houses, British CoLumsra. This glacier, lying at the head of the Asulkan Valley, some three miles from Glacier House in British Columbia, has been observed with more or less regularity since 1899 (compare Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p.504). At that time rocks were marked and the general aspect of the tongue and moraines noted. Photographs have also been made which show the yearly changes in extension, thickness and breadth. The work on this glacier in 1906 covered practically the same ground as on the Ilecillewaet, and may be similarly divided. Test Pictures —An almost continuous record of photographs of the lower section has been made since 1899 from a large flat rock several hundred feet below the glacier which affords a view of all parts. A comparison of these photographs taken over a series of years shows smaller changes than in the cases of some of the neighboring glaciers, but that they are of the same character—a general shrinkage and reduction of section area (compare Plates XXV and XXVI with Plate VI, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899). 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 575 Changes in the Tongue.—On the left side the Asulkan Glacier is bearing a large amount of morainal material which is deposited at the lower part of the left edge and upon the tongue. The right side is comparatively free from moraine except stray erratics which are borne on the surface of the ice and deposited at the edge. Several small moraines on the bed moraine indicate that at one time the amount of this material was much greater than at present. For several years the tongue has been deeply bedded in moraine and was difficult to locate. During the period of slight advance which was first noted in 1903 a steep moraine was pushed up at the tongue and the stream forced to find an exit through a smaller moraine on the right. The present year, however (1906), the tongue occupied almost exactly the same position as in 1899, leaving a space between the ice and the moraine which was formed during the glacier advance. A considerable stream issues directly beneath the tongue and almost covering the 1899 test rock, has broken through the high unstable moraine. The following table shows the changes in the tongue as observed since 1899. Table Showing Changes in Tongue of Asulkan Glacier. PAUP EL 2 18 QO se ceceees “Rock opposite lined with snout.’’ AE Ss L900 Nae. Snout receded 24 feet. J AVS) Sale) eee Ice above rock 20 feet, 4 feet advance. Aug. 30, DAS US ieee cee Ice below rock 16 feet, 36 feet advance since 1901. July 23, LQOG! ices: Ice lines with test rocks, or is in same position as in 1899. The Flow of Glacier above Tongue.—For this work a line was selected across the glacier about 1,250 feet above the tongue and as nearly as possible at right angles to the line of flow. Owing to the comparatively short distances and the ease of observation no base line was laid down except as a check, and the positions of the plates from the points of observation were determined by means of the stadia. The motion of the plates on the ice was in every case measured with a horizontal steel tape at right angles to the base line. Plates numbered 7 to 12, similar to those used on the Illecillewaet Glacier, were laid out on July 13, 1906, and their motion determined on July 23. The following table shows the total and average daily motion of the plates and of a very large oblong bowlder resting on the top of the moraine on the left edge of the glacier and advancing with it. 576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., Table Showing Average Daily Motion of Plates on Asulkan Glacier .~ between July 18 and July 23, 1906. Plate. Total Average Daily Remarks. | Motion. Motion. 24 in. 2.4in. Near right edge of ice. Bie aut) 63 feet from R. edge. 554 “ bias 157 feet from R. edge. GUase | Orv 325 feet from R. edge. GUHAS, Gita 415 feet from R. edge. 63“ 6:3) Close to left edge. Sore 8.9 “ On left moraine, resting on icefoot. Sketch Map of Tongue.—The accompanying map of the glacier foot has been compiled from a series of stadia measurements, sketches and photographs. On it have been plotted the position of the tongue and the outline of the ice as it existed on July 23, 1906. If question is raised as to the accuracy of the stadia method for this class of work, it may be noted that in every instance the motion of plates and recession were determined from measurements with a standard tape, and it was found that over rough ground and glacier surfaces work could be ereatly expedited by use of the stadia, with an error not so great as would be encountered on the necessarily small scale of the plotting map. WENKCHEMNA GLACIER. VALLEY OF THE TEN PEAKs, LAGGAN, ALBERTA. In some respects this glacier presents the most unusual aspect of any noted in the region. Of the piedmont type its névé receives snow which falls and is blown across the Wenkchemna Group or ‘‘The Ten Peaks’’ and falls into the couloirs and chimneys lying on the northern slopes. At the lower levels a number of comparatively small glaciers are formed, flowing almost due north across the southern half of the Valley of the Ten Peaks. The valley bottom in places is covered with an open forest of firs and spruces, the Lyell larch being found in abund- ance at the upper (western) end where an elevation of over 7,000 feet is reached. At the head of the valley several almost parallel lines of ancient moraines were noted, and distinct traces of them could be followed down the valley till they were finally lost in the stream-eroded bottom. These moraines, and the very interesting one at the lower end of Moraine Lake which has given it its existence and name, point clearly to the 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 577 fact that the glacier at one time covered the entire bottom of the valley, and that the medial moraines which are now noted between the several sections of the glacier were at that time carried entirely on its back down the valley and deposited far below, without leaving any trace of the route which had been originally taken. It has been known for a number of years that some portions of the Wenkchemna Glacier were advancing, or rather that from time to time masses of moraine which had rested almost upon the limit of the ice had been shot down upon and partly or completely covered living trees of the forest, which in places comes directly up to the ice wall. A comparison of photographs taken in preyious years with the condi- tions as they were found in July, 1906, indicated that at the points in question no material advance of the ice could have taken place, and yet at these very points there was evidence of masses of moraine being projected on the ground below. The fresh rock was thrown beyond the limit of the ice, which to all observation had not changed recently. The base of the glacier close to the ground gave evidence of not having changed for a number of years, but from the ice slope above masses of rock were and had been precipitated over and beyond the older rocks and upon the grass and trees. A careful consideration of these unusual conditions seemed to offer but ene satisfactory solution. The ice forming this glacier, or rather composite glacier, is largely contained in a hollow or basin, from the bottom of which drainage is provided to the lake below. The ice extends above the edges of the basin, in many places covered deeply with moraine. The pressure upon the ice from behind causes a slow but steady motion of the upper strata towards the edges, which sets up a shearing action of one layer of ice on that below. The result is that the upper part of the moraine, very thin and unable to withstand the pres- sure, is pushed outward by the ice till it falls over the tdge of the lower and more stable portions and upon the green grass or forest beyond the limits of the basin. It is evident that this action is much more active at certain points than at others, and an attempt was made to determine whether the position of the edge had anything to do with it, without satisfactory results. Whatever may finally be determined as to the cause of change in the ice edge, a tramp over the glacier surface gave many evidences of great and continued shrinkage. The moraines everywhere showed that though they had been recently formed the ice was then many feet thicker, and a series of very beautiful rock cones, which rested on the solid ground but were surrounded by ice, bore silent witness to the 578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF (Dec., immense thickness of the ice in recent times compared with what is noted at present. VICTORIA GLACIER. Lake Louise, LacGan, ALBERTA. Almost as accessible as the Ilecillewaet, the Victoria Glacier has never received the same careful study owing in large measure to the immense moraines which bury the tongue and the almost impossible task of finding permanent base and line ends. The great boulder marked in 1899, and which the next season had moved with the ice 147 feet, has not since been measured, but the position of the ice on the northwest side, referred to several large angular blocks of red quartzite, has been repeatedly determined. During the summer of 1898 these blocks slipped from the ice and fell tothe moraine below. On July 29, 1899, they were 20 feet from the ice; on July 24, 1900, 26 feet, showing a change of 6 feet for the year; on September 1, 1903, 76 feet 6 inches, or an average yearly shrinkage of almost 17 feet, while on July 30, 1906, the distance was but 74 feet 7 inches, showing practically no change, as the early date of measure- ment in 1906 compared with 1903 would make considerable difference in the total figures. Warra oR YOHO GLACIER. Youo VALLEY, NEAR FIELD, BRITISH COLUMBIA. , d This glacier, located at the head of the Yoho Valley, is a very long day’s trip from Field, the station on the railway. On August 17, 1901, the position of the tongue was marked on a large mass of bedrock which had been recently uncovered by the ice. The tongue at this time was a narrow blade of ice somewhat to the left of the axis of the glacier and lying in a long deep groove between parallel ledges of rock. Three years later the change was measured on August 7, 1904, as 89 feet, or an average yearly recession of almost 30 feet. At this time there were signs of great activity and marked shrinkage. On July 15, 1906, almost a month earlier in the season than on the occasion of the previous visit, the glacier was again observed and the distance measured as 76 feet 7 inches, or about 124 feet less than in 1904. Allowing for the earlier date, it may be said that the tongue is in the same position as two years ago. The general aspect of the ce showed that it was shrinking and retreating, and this was particularly 1906.) NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 579 the case on the right side where the main stream debouches from a most beautiful ice arch. HorSESHOB GLACIER. PARADISE VALLEY, LAGGAN, ALBERTA. Although no marks have been placed on this glacier it offers some striking and unique points of interest. It is of the piedmont type and owes its existence to the snow avalanches from Mounts Hungabee, Ringrose, Lefroy and Mitre, to the north of which it lies. The tongue and lower portions are deeply buried in moraine. While in common with others there are indications of shrinkage and retreat, the protection of moraine on the surfaces renders these changes very slow. An ex- ceedingly interesting phenomenon was noticed at a point several hundred feet above the tongue where a great sinuous cafion has been worn in the ice. The sides were perpendicular or overhanging, from 20 to 30 feet in depth, while the curves were 1,000 to 1,500 feet long. In all there were not less than ten great bends, and through the bottom a good-sized stream flowed. The walls exhibited very fine examples of banding, while all the surfaces were fluted horizontally, apparently due to the greater melting in summer than in winter. Should this be correct the cafion has been at least twelve years in forming. From the foregoing data it is hard to draw more than the most general conclusions. It may, however, be safely noted that in all the glaciers observed there has been decided shrinkage and recession in the past seven years. While changes in the position of the tongue may have been small, the ice mass and sectional area are evidently much less. On the other hand the average yearly recession was in 1906 less than during a similar period five years before, the exception in the Illecille- waet Glacier being probably due to unusual conditions. The trifling advances in the Asulkan Glacier may be attributed to local causes and have no particular significance, but the increased daily rate of flow of the Ilecillewaet, coupled with a thickening of the ice at the sky line as seen from the test rock, would seem to point to a period of greater activity in the not very distant future. 580 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., The following reports were ordered to be printed: REPORT OF THE RECORDING SECRETARY. Sixteen meetings of the Academy were held during the past year, with an average attendance of fifty-two. Communications, for the most part illustrated with lantern views, were made by Henry Skinner, George Vaux, Jr., William S$. Vaux, Jr., Stewardson Brown, Arthur Erwin Brown, Witmer Stone, John W. Harshberger, William P. Wilson, Edwin G. Conklin, Henry Leffman, Benjamin Sharp, George Wood, Henry E. Wetherill, Harvey M. Watts, Mrs. Charles Schaeffer and Miss Mary J. Holmes. But few of these were reported for publica- tion in the PROCEEDINGS. Twenty-seven papers were presented for publication as follows: Henry W. Fowler, 5; J. Perey Moore, 4; James A. G. Rehn, 3; James A. G. Rehn and Morgan Hebard, 1; Henry A. Pilsbry, 2; Henry A. Pilsbry and C. M. Cook, Jr., 1; Benjamin C. Tilghman, 1; E. A. Andrews, 1; Ralph V. Chamberlain, 1; N. M. Stevens and A. M. Boring, 1; Burnett Smith, 1; Henry C. Oberholser, 1; J. F. McClendon, 1; R. J. Lechmere Guppy, 1; N. E. MeIndoo, 1; W. 8. Blatchley, 1; Nathan Banks, 1. Three of these were returned to the authors, the others were accepted for publication in the PROCEEDINGS, of which one number for 1905 and two for 1906 have been issued and distributed. Seven hundred and fifteen pages of the PROCEEDINGS have been pub- lished, illustrated by fifteen plates. The Entomological Section has published four hundred and four pages with fifteen plates of the Entomotoaicat News and two hundred and forty-seven pages with five plates of the TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL Socrnry (Entomological Section of the Academy). Two hundred and seventy-two pages with thirty-four plates have been issued of the Manuat or ConcHoLtocy. This makes a total of sixteen hundred and thirty-eight pages and sixty-nine plates published during the year under the auspices of the Academy. The President was appointed to represent the Academy at the cele- bration by the American Philosophical Society of the two hundredth anniversary of the birthday of Benjamin Franklin. A satisfactory design for the new Hayden Memorial Medal has at last been submitted and approved. The artist has been engaged on the work since September, 1905. Whether the time that has elapsed 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 581 has been due to the eccentricities of the artistic temperament or a press of other engagements is not known, but it is believed that the beauty of the result will compensate for the delay. The new medal will certainly be a great improvement on the one awarded since 1890, the portrait of Hayden on the obverse being much more accurate than could have been hoped for from the photographs available, while the design of the reverse, replacing the unsatisfactory view of the Grand Cafion, is gracefully emblematic. The die will, it is hoped, be promptly engraved,so that the medal,so long due, may be conveyed to Dr. Walcott. Mr. Fox has rendered effective assistance in the issue and distribu- tion of the PROCEEDINGS. Epwarp J. Nouan, Recording Secretary. REPORT OF THE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY. During the past year the deaths of the following correspondents were announced from the chair: Baron C. R. von der Osten-Sacken, Elisée F. Reclus, Prof. Eugéne Renevier, Dionys Stur, and Dr. Henry A. Ward. No correspondents were elected. Notices of the deaths of seven scientific men of prominence were received and suitably acknowledged in letters of condolence. There were received invitations to participate in the Tenth Inter- national Geological Congress, the International Congress for the Study of Polar Regions, the First International Congress of Oceanography, the Fifth International Congress of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Pre- historic Congress of France, the Congress of the Latino-Slavic League, the celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the foundation of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, the celebration of the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the birth of Benjamin Franklin and the Dedication of the Engineering Building of the University of Pennsylvania. Except to the last two, no delegates were appointed by the Academy. The invitations were acknowledged by appropriate expressions of interest and regret or congratulation. At the last two gatherings the Academy was represented by its President, on behalf of whom also the Corre- sponding Secretary accepted his appointment by the Society of Physical and Natural Sciences of Bordeaux as delegate to the Franklin celebration. A number of circulars announcing changes in the organization or staffs were received from learned societies and museums, and various 582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., requests for information or courtesies were answered or referred to the proper officers of the Academy. The following table summarizes the correspondence for the year: COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED. Acknowledging receipt of the Academy’s publications, .. . . . . . 166 Transmitting publications, . . J PR NUR ik om es 65 Requests for the supply of deeeenries SU lis Fa cite NS peck 0 Se 2 Invitations to learned gatherings, . . 1 es SI Eee ies 12 Announcements of deaths of scientific men, . . tiie; 9 Circulars concerning the administration of scientific ee ae ee HORE 10 Photographs of correspondents, of. oh ee Ree RL Sc 11 ‘Biopraphies of correspondents. waenmrcy rae) ee 8 ibettersifromYcorrespondentss= 9). = eee 7 iMiscellancousiletters."" eae, Fos as eS ie. (SE eee 36 Totalinecetved's so 9 ee eed = oe yc eye Peek COMMUNICATIONS FORWARDED. Acknowledging giftstothe Library, . . . . . . . . . . . 860 Acknowledging gifts to the ea ; Te eo ee Ne She > 55 Acknowledging photographs and Haass YS ee, eee 14 Requesting the supply of deficienciesinjournals,. . . . . - . . 68 Lettersof sympathy andcongratulation, . . . .- -.- .. .. - 8 Miscellaneous letters, . . meee pen Ce eee 64 Copies of annual reports and Seniesa. 3 wa fete Tas | aes ete Fe ZG: Total’sentin tc. Sc , CL eee er OO Respectfully submitted, J. Percy Moore, Corresponding Secretary. REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN. The Library of the Academy has been increased by the following additions during the past year: Pamphlets and parts of periodicals, Se Oy ks renee eins) Sem th tis we se FZ Volumes, thas VR! 2) be Oe a Shoe eae) a lead Maps, é Mee ae ores > eo. ta ate oes eee CED Piotaecanhen es A Se ey a Pee se 33 Manuscript, : 1 Total” ° ese es ee ee eer ores Os 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. They were received from the following sources: General Appropriation.................. United States Department of eACor CUNT Cheetes cree eter eereceeeste United States Department of the UTE GOTL OM ese eacstcc xsece esac cerener arrose A UGHOYS 5 5..2 ence: ssseceve cccensezesereoestesssee James Aitken Meigs Fund............ Wdward! Robins !tct-ccccc-. 5.) ee 402 oregonensis... 404 | Poecilia vittata.._.. . 486 Peecilichthys meszeus 523 rufilineatus....... 524 sanguifluus.... . 524 ZONBIIS Tees ee ee 524 Peecilidse == es See 88, 485 | Pcecilosoma transversum.......--.. 525 Pcecilosomatops..._.. 323 Peecilurichthys abramis.. 440 Poly pyran eae . 124 albolabris.. . 553 a. alleni.._.. 533, 552 appressa: ss eee 533 a. perigrapta. 533 aur ela tas 128 auriformis. --124, 126, 127 binneyans =e 533, 547-550 b. chastatensis.........---- 533, 549 blandiana..._ 533, 540 clausa...... 533, 556 cragini 23 eee 533, 545 Givestar. <2 = sans 533, 551, 552 1906.] Polygyra d. indianorum.......- 550 dorfeuilliana, 130, 532, 534-538, 1 d. percostata........ d. perstriata... d. sampsoni.......- edentata 533, 544, 545, 545 e. Magazinensis.______.. 538, 544, 545 (Stenotrema) eis eee eee 541 elevata... 533, 553-556 exoleta ozarkensis_. ..533, 554 iraterns see 533, 534, 540, 542 f. aliciz..... oo 534, 540, 542 f. friersoni__ 534, 540, 542 fr amperiorata sane 532, 542 fraudulenta.._ 546 hippocrepis.. 124, 127 hirsuta... - 540 hopetonens .- 546 indianorum..547, 548, 550, 550, 551 TINCT aTOLUI eee 533 i. lioderma... sees SRB HM inflecta....... 533, 5438-545 i. media. 6 BRL Ge! Jacksoni. 128, 532, 538-540 y. deltcidea 2 =e 532, 539 j. simpsoni._. 532, 539, 540 IO WASnsis see 533, 547 (Mesodon) kiowaénsis.__ 547 (Mesodon) k. var. arkansa- CUSIS! eee ees yrs 547 labrosa 32, 540, 540 Le POrin a= eee a eee 534 monodon__ 542, 542 m. aliciz... A hg m. fraterna.. 124 mooreana..... 124, 127, 129, 130 | MO MOH OLS eee ee ee 130 | neglecta.. 533, 546 | obstricta.... .. 543 | 0. carolinensis. a S| 0. occidentalis. 533, 543 pilsbryi..._... 532 roemeri 124, 130, 551 Sayanoe=s et as = 127 smithi.___ ee 44 stenotrema... 533, 540 (CEXASETISIS cee en ees 129 124, 128-130, 137, 534 -124, 128, 129, 534 = 124, 129 i124) 533, 556 texasiana....__ t. hyperolia.. t. texasensis. z. ozarkensis_ Polynoide. Polypylis Pomacanthus arcuatus............___.. 102 NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 613 |-Pomacentride) = Sea 101, 488 | Pomacentrus leucostictus. _-..._.-- 101 Pomatiopside...._-__. -. 565 Pomatiopsis lapidaria.._.-...- 565 | Pomotis elongatus.._........._...-..----- 519 fallax a Ge) guttatus... ,old Holbrootkisics et 520 ROHShR = 516 speciosus.... = ol9 Pornoxs annularis!= = 513 Sparoides =. eb 513 Poronotus.._ 119 Porthmeus 116 Potamopyrgus spinosus. Potamorhina pristigaster.. Praticolella berlandieriana.- 125 praxal arora clic ssa eee een 242 Praxillella elongata... 503 tricirrata..____. zonalis..__. Priacanthopsis Priacanthus....______- Prionognathus ciliatus... 227 Pristiapogon.....___. 527 IBris tic vere nerneeee ne es. eee 80 Pristis pectina tus. <= = =e 80 Prochilodus...... 314 RINAZONEDSIS ee 316, 483 cephalotes._ SS corimbata.... 311 ramerahs eee eee 311 insignis. 318 } TAT ET CANIS ee ees oe ed oS 311 oligolepis._. 311 ortonianus... 311 Shenae aehnert.a =e 309 theraponura......._. 318, 316, 483 vimboides... ee =e Promicrops guttatus 97 Psallisostomide.... 81 Psallisostomus. OSSELISS eT Psectrogaster amazonica | ciliatus _ Psenes chapmani edwardsii. 121 guttatus.... 121 Pseudocorynopoma ‘doriz.. 451 PScUdOMmOpstes ee 263 crinicornis 63, 264 luctuosa... . 264 Pseudophyllodromia. 264 fasciatella... 264 lineolata._. .... 264 obscura...... pavonacea peruana prona. 2 Pseudoscaris guacamaia........___. 102 | Pseudostauronotus............. 41, 41, 42,50 614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., Pseudostauronotus brunneri__.._. 41,42 | Salangana vestita........__.....------- 187 Occidentaligses sees vee 50 | Salmo anostomus.... 319, 320 Psinidia maculosa........-.-..-.- 381 Corimbatsa ne seen een 311 (Trachyrhachis) pardalina...... 380 cyprinoides 300, 301 Psoloessaia.ca2 see ees 39, 48, 48, 371 edentulus... E30 buddiana 2 ae 49, 49 | gibbosus...._. 453 Perri pines see ee eee 48 | Samytha bioculata. _. 258 maculipennis.. FARA NLONS 71: Wl GS ALCL are oe ee ee ae 84 tescanialy ac ee ae ee 48 | Scaride.......... 101, 488 Pterorhombus. _ 118 | Schistocerca... 42,399 Punctum= - 530 Jineata:: 2 . 399 californicum... - 158 | Schizodon fasciatus 322 CONSPeCCUUI see 158 sagittarius... 326 DASAG ON Beirne 158 trimaculatus. 320 pygmeum._.. _ 158 | Schcenobates...... 284 Pupa pentodon - 144 | Scienide..... 488 Pupilla.... . 530 | Scincide................ 110 blandi.. Scoliodon terre-nove 80 hebes.. Scomber amia......... 116 muscorum... chloris......... 116 SYD LCRES he ee chrysnruss = 116 Pupillide...._.__- 143, 147, 148, 532,557 | Scomberomorus cava 96 Pupoides marginatus, 143, 146, 533, | Scombride.......... 96 557 | Scombrops boops....... 528 Pyenoscelus surinamensis..........-....- 271 | Scorpena grandicornis. 104 Pygocentrus nattereri_... .. 468 | Scorpeenide................. 104 DIL AY 2st ee eee er 468 | Scudderia........- .. 415 Byram Gal ay eee ee ean ee 530 HUTCH bare eee eee ... 415 alternata............ 533, 563 | Scyllina....... B9-41 cronkhitei anthonyi.............- 153 borellii_ a as perspectiva........... 533, 564 brasiliensis. 45, 46 SOlitanige:: 2. sen. eee 533 brunneri. 45, 47 Pyrrhulina._. ws. 294 calidac 22. 222 ee ees 48 argyrops... 294, 295 CONS persaee ee 41, 47, 48 Teta ceo 94, 295 excelsa, =. Ni ee eee 48 Radinotatum .. SOS alt gregaria 45 Radiodiscus.._.- _ 154 instabilis. 42 herman, 2 ee 155 peragrans.._ 40 millecostatus.. 154,155 | picta.... 45 Rajapastinacaes = es 80 | pratensis... 45, 46 torpedo..... 80 | schistocercoides......------------- 48 Rana palustris... 420 SynCh ese ete 48 Raphiodon gibbus. 467 suffusa, 47 Reganina.......... _ 475 LLEVA OLTILIS ese eee 42 bidens:..2.== - 475 varipes.... -41, 47, 48 Rhaphiodon vulpinus. . 467 viatoria... 40, 48 Rubin a: 2 eee es . 80 | Scylline.... = 39) equaae pean ate ee ne SON Sealeim sac tae ey ee ee 478 Rhinide... = i) lippincottianus..... 479 Rhy figs eee Nee 326 | Segmentina....._... ... 166 argenteo- -fuscus. 326, 327 | armigera. 166, 167 microlepis.... . 326 | largillierti -.. 166 Reeboides..... Dit ee 166 affinis. obstructa 166 bicornis.. | wwihestleyi, 2... ees eee 166, 167 myefrsii..... .... 455 | Semitapicis elas oe . 305 rubrivertex. 457,458 | Serranide... i EY OG Sabellaria............... _... 248 | Serrasalminz.... . 468 cementarium..... .. 248 | Serrasalmo zsopu . 469 Salamandra haldemani.._.._......- 357 humeralis.. .. 469 Salangana..2 =. eee 178, 179 ITN A. CL La US oases eee eee 471 1906.] maculatus... nattereri.. Hy J cpiraya.. 2 Serrasalmus esopus......... humeralis.... immaculatus.. iridopsis.... maculatus... Sinipta sot notochloris... Spelerpes bilineatus. Sparidze—________ Sparisoma flavescens... hoplomystax.. Sparus raii Spherium (Limosina) singleyi-./ yucatanense Spharagemon...... e. angustipenne venustum....... Spheroides....... nephelus.. plumieri... Sphyradium.... sperender— sharp & Shee barracuda... Sphyreenide.... Sphyrenocharax... Nphyma. =. Squalus galeus... squatina.. tiburo.... zygena. Squatina.... Starksina...... herniarius Stauroderus..... eurtipennis......... Stauronereis annulatus- Staurorhectus glaucipes.. longicornis... Steindachnerina. Stenobothrus... bicolor..__. coloradus. LEMANS eee ee ee 41,45 NATURAL SCIENCES | | | | Strobilops.... Succinea avara. OF PHILADELPHIA. Stenobothrus tepanecus....... viatorius Stenogyride... Stenotrema. Stephanolepis hispidus. Stereotettix.............---.. Stethaprion chryseum... erythrops............- Stirapleura..... bruneri.... brunnea.. chilensis.. decussata... humilis... obscura... signatipenni variabilis............ Stizostedion canadense_ ec. boreum........-..- vitreum.. Striatura.._.. hubbardi... labyrinthica.. 1. texasiana... strebeli.... Virgo..... Stromateid_ Stromateine _ Stromateus.._- brasiliens’ fasciata... GEE POSULIS cc concordialis...._. floridana. grosvenori.. haleana... Succineid=...... = ee Syngnathide.. Syngnathus. acus...... elucens. es lowisians © ee 616 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., Syngnathus mackayi........... 93 ophidion....... 93 pelagicus 93 typhle.. 93 Synodontidez.... 87 Synodus foetens. aa tevl Syrbula... .-17, 363 admir: : 17, 363 AeuuUC Orns ee es 17 eslavee........- psig ys 18 montezuma. valida... (Herus) valida.. Tarpon atlanticus... Teidses a eee Testudo_____ Tetragonopterin amet Tetragonopterus agassizii.. argentatus................- bartlettii......... caudimaculatus. eigenmanniorum.. be IBIS EEN OES fe oa nee ee hauxwellianus ipanquianus... jacuhiensis.. laticeps........ fe oh hneatus... pheenicopterus.. pliodus.......- rutilus... stilbe.. streets viejita... Tetrodontide...... Phi Be Tetronarce occidentalis Tethronid2 Thalassochelys caretta......__ Thespis conspersa....-..-.._- Thoracocharax... Thysanophora. seep ORM een ee eS, samicola ee Tornatellina..... Toxopterus...... miniatus... Trachinotine... Trachinotus.___ earolinus.. fe PALCH GRR ect 96, 116, 487 Trachinotus glaucus........__________ 116 goreensis.........- = 116 ovatus.... 116 Travisia olens... 231 pupa....... . 228 Trichiuride..__ 96 Trichiurus lepturus = 3196 Trimerotropis ___- --. 382 bifasciata.. ... 386 plobata:. == 22> Sea 382 californica. 388, 389 CING tart oor ae 386 Gtrmas. = ... 388 cceruleipennis.. ... 392 cyaneipennis: 393 ferruginea: =a 386 fratercula.. ... 390 gracias’ a eee 385 laticincta... 387, 388 latiasdatas= == eee 388 melanopteray... = ees 388 montana......_ 387, 389 monticola.. 387, 388 preclara._ 387, 389 rebellis... -. 382 salina. . 390 snow eee 388 strenua..__. 388, 389 vinculata... . 391 Triodopsis__... 530 cragini.. - O45 edentata 545 edentula.- +092 eee 545 Triportheus albus 447, 451 Havuse 448, 451 nematurus. 448, 448 Drastic oe to ene 31 Trophoma hirsuta .. .. 232 Tropidonotus sipedon... a 419 Aruxelisias 1a? 15516 Ibrevicormis< =e 16 intricata...._.. 28 Pylosurus /eury ops! 487 NOtstUS. ee eo) Typle typle.... 93 Ulema lefroyi...... 487 | Ulocentra stigma. 522 Unionide... 529 Upeneus maculatus. _. 487 | ranascopid ses ee ee een 105 Valloniast ee 173, 530 cyclophoreliae= 148 excentrica.._.. . 148 praciicosta.. se 148 parvula.....__.. ...533, 557 perspectiva:.2 2 148 Valloniide......_. we! Walvata-— micra.. m, nugax | Walvatides!.. 02 172 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES iMenblg0:2-<25 ee Se eee ee binneyana. milium..__. oscariana... ovata... 147 rugosula. 34, 557 Waitress. 3 153 Vitrea aulacogyra.. 533, 561 binney ana === eee eee 152 Gallisinart cesses eee ne Gy ay, d. roemeri ..124, 151, 151, 152 hammonis. 151, 152, 533, 562 indentata... 150, 533, 562 i. umbilicata.... 124, 150, 562 miliums .-.-152, 153 m. meridionalis.._..................-- 152 MMS UP CLEDSIS soe 153 multidentata... 533, 560 petrophila...... 51, 533, 561 p: pentadelphia..............-..... 562 Bed pUlise ee eee 150 significans. simpsoni.... wheatleyi.. Vitrina........... alaskana pfeifferi.. Vitrinizonites... Voluta petrosa. 59 sayana._. = 66 Volutilithes.... 52-76 abyssicola. 75 | haleanus.... 69 limopsis......56, 58, 59, 69— FD. 74, 75 OF PHILADELPHIA. 617 Volutilithes petrosus..................52-76 | TUG Geese nee ee 57 MUP DEUS eee 57, 58, 71, 74 sayana.___. 66, 71 72) 74 SyanmMetricave ke 68 Waiteina,.— _ 473 Xiphidion..... _ 416 fasciatum. 416 TENURE os eee ae eae eee 416 Suri Chea coe Lee eee 416 Xiphorhamphus abbreviatus....460, 467 brachycephalus | falcirostris..__.- hepsetus... heterolepis...... | Xiphostoma hujeta........ maculatum. | TEA OI te eee tems | Xystroplites longimanus.......... Zapata: oY ee ae Zonites acerra. | brittsi.... demissa dallianus...... | SINPIEV Anse ee 150 Zonitide.......... ...149, 530, 532, 557 Zonitoides—=- = eee 153, 530 arborea.......150, ee 553, 560, 562 | minuscula... 149, 560 m. alachuana.... | m. neomexicana... 149 | mUMMUSs.— ..124, 150 singleyana... 150, 534 | Hosterae eke. ie See 96, 104 618 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., GENERAL INDEX. 1906. Additions to Museum, 595. Annual Elections, 592. Banks, Nathan. New Oribatide from the United States (Plates XIV- XII1), 489, 490. Beale, Lionel S., announcement of death of, 261. Biological and Microscopical Section, report of, 588. Blatchley, W. S. On Some Reptilian Freaks from Indiana, 419, 429. Botanical Section, report of, 590. Boyer, CharlesS. Report of Biological and Microscopical Section, 588. Brown, Arthur E. Theories of Evolu- tion since Darwin, 2. Brown, Stewardson. Botanical Trip to the Bermudas, 2. Botanizing in the Canadian Rockies, 429. Report | of Botanical Section, 590. Buckton, George Bowdler, announce- ment of death of, 2. Chamberlain, Ralph V. A New Litho- bius from Colorado, 3. Clark, Clarence H., announcement of death of, 261. Conklin, E. G., Ph.D. The Cause of Sex, 176. Corresponding Secretary, report of, 581. Council for 1907, 593. Curators, report of, 586. Dixon, Samuel G., appointment as Academy’s representative to Frank- lin celebration, 5. Report of the Curators, 593. Doremus, Ogden, death of, 176. Elections during 1906, 594. Ellis, J. B., announcement of death of, 9 announcement of Entomological Section, report of, 589. Fowler, Henry W. Some Cold-blooded Vertebrates from the Florida Keys (Plates III, IV), 5, 77. Further Knowledge of Some Heterognathous Fishes, 5, 293, 431. New, Rare and Little-known Scombroids, No. 3, 114. Notes on the Dusky Salamander (Plate XIII), 356,429. Descriptions of Two New Species of Centropomus, 423, 429. Some New and Little- known Percoid Fishes, 510. General Index, 618. Holmes, Mary 8. The Dos Pueblos Cation, Colorado, 51. Index to Genera, 602. Jefferis, William W., announcement of death of, 51. Leffman, Henry, M.D. Newer Views on the Nature of Matter, 261. Librarian, report of, 582. McIndoo, N. E. On Some Fishes from Western Cuba, 429, 484. Mineralogical and Geological Section, report of, 589. Moore, J. Perey. Additional New Species of Polycheta from the North Pacific (Plates X, XI, XII), 217. Descriptions of Two New Polycheta from Alaska, 352,429. Descriptions of New Polychzeta from the South- eastern Coast of Massachusetts (Plate XIX), 489, 501. Report of Corresponding Secretary. Morton, Robert P., announcement of death of, 509. Nolan, Edward J., M.D. Report of Recording Secretary, 580. Report of Librarian, 582. Oberholser, Harry C. A Monograph of the Genus Collocalia, 176, 177. Officers for 1907, 592. Ornithological Section, 591. Pilsbry, Henry A. Description of a New Australian Glycymeris, 176, 213. Report of Special Curator of the Department of Mollusca, 587. Pilsbry, H. A., and C. M. Cooke, Jr. On Hawaiian Species of Sphyradium, 176, 215. Pilsbry, Henry A., and J. H. Ferriss. Mollusca of the Southwestern States, II (Plates V-IX), 5,123. Mollusea of the Ozarkian Fauna (Plates XX, XXI, XXII), 529. 1906.] NATURAL SCIENCES Potts, Howard N., death of, 429. Recluz, E. F., announcement of death of, 429. Recording Secretary, annual report of, 580. Rehn, James A. G. Studies in South and Central American Acridide (Orthoptera), with Descriptions of a New Genus and Six New Species, 5, 10. Records and Descriptions of Non-Saltatorial Orthoptera from British Guiana, 261, 262. announcement of | Descrip- | tions of Five New Species of Or- | thoptera from Tonkin, 279, 429. Rehn, James A. G., and Morgan Heb- ard. A Contribution to the Knowl- edge of the Orthoptera of Montana, Yellowstone Park, Utah and Colo- rado, 358, 429. Renevier, Eugene, announcement of death of, 429. Report of Biological and Microscopical Section, 588. | Vaux, George, Jr. OF PHILADELPHIA. 619 | Skinner, Henry, M.D. Report of Entomological Section, 589. Smith, Burnett, Ph.D. "Phylogeny of the Races of Volutilithes petrosus (Plate IT), 51, 52. Smith, Charles, announcement of death of, 6. Standing Committees, 1. Stevens, N. M., and A. M. Boring. Planaria Morgani n. sp. (Plate I), @; 7 Stone, Witmer. Certain Ornitholo- gists of the Past, 5. The Tristram Collection of Birds, 489. Report of Ornithological Section, 591. Stur, Dionys, announcement of death of, 429, Report of Minera- logical and Geological Section, 589. Vaux, George, Jr., and William S., Jr. Observations on Glaciers in Alberta and British Columbia (Pls. XXIII et seq.), 176, 509, 568. | Vischer, Carl V., M.D., announcement Report of Corresponding Secretary, | 0 | Von Osten-Sacken, C. R., announce- 581. Report of Curators, 586. Report of Entomological Section, 589. Report of Librarian, 582. Report of Ornithological Section, 591. Report of Recording Secretary, 581. Schaeffer, Mrs. Charles. The Caves and Flowers of the Cougar Valley in the Selkirks, 6. Sharp, Benjamin, M.D. Pearls and Pearl Fisheries, 261. History and Habits of the Fur Seals, 489. Sinnott, Joseph F., announcement of death of, 429, of death of, 261. ment of death of, 429. Ward, Henry A., announcement of death of, 429. Watts, Harvey M. tions, 430. Wilson, John C., death of, 6. Weather Predic- announcement of | Wilson, William P. The IETS Islands, 51. Yerkes, Charles T., announcement of death of, 2. a _ Png) > 7s all - »¥ : 4 i] 2 7 q « a! ' : : ° - 7 ca a : 7 ; < « & 5 s » = i : ia My : es acy) a PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1906. PLATE I. Se. STEVENS anp BORING. PLANARIA MORGANI N. sp. . ; ! } f ; / 1 = + . 7 i uD ‘ : A ‘ i ; ‘ Wey / ¥ x 7] x ' é e — 7 ; . ae PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1906. PLATE II. BURNETT SMITH. PHYLOGENY OF THE RACES OF VOLUTILITHES PETROSUS. > PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1906. PLATE III. ~_—___"{_1 OGCOCEPHALUS RADIATUS (MITCHILL). PLATE ly. PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1906. MALACLEMMYS LITTORALIS RHIZOPHORARUM FOWLER. PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1906. PILSBRY AND FERRISS. MOLLUSCA OF SOUTHWESTERN STATES © PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1906 PLATE VI. PILSBRY AND FERRISS. MOLLUSCA OF SOUTHWESTERN STATES. PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1906. PILSBRY AND FERRISS. MOLLUSCA OF SOUTHWESTERN STATES. PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1906. PLATE VIII 9 8 PILSBRY AND FERRISS. MOLLUSCA OF SOUTHWESTERN STATES. PLATE IX PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1906. T Site — PILSBRY AND FERRISS. MOLLUSCA OF SOUTHWESTERN STATES, PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1906. PLATE X. MOORE. NORTH PACIFIC POLYCHASTA. PLATE XI. PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1906. NORTH PACIFIC POLYCHA:TA. MOORE. PLATE XII. PROC, ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1906. Wyn NN ‘sane NORTH PACIFIC POLYCHASTA. MOORE. ’ PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHIEA. 1906. PLATE X!Ill. FOWLER ON DESMOGNATHUS FUSCUS. wa’ PLATE XIV. 1906. PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. NEW ORIBATID44E. BANKS. PLATE XV. PROC. ACAD. NAT. SCI. PHILA. 1906. e, D> LAOS os Sissi 8; Ve \ Bat YRC Cay x nae’ x i. > C so VN sprees peleee é ah Si Seti ae apuaey BE a Ree AS Bi Nabe eo Sy SSA \ A Ree EDO SS SESxkes