UMASS/AMHERST i 3120bbDDSfiSaD50 m •y' g««^.t 1>'C '::H. LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS I u I/, ft > 01, i\ OFFICERS OF THE .©GietiY ®f Pi^epicsaPi BI©PisfeS, For 1886 = 7, Elected at Philadelphia Meeting, August 20, 1886. president: ROBERT CRAIG, Philadelphia, Pa. VICE president: J. C. VAUGHAN, Chicago, III. secretary : EDWIN LONSDALE, Philadelphia, Pa. treasurer ; MYRON A. HUNT, Chicago, III. executive committee: .John Thorpe, Queens, N. Y. Robert J. Halliday, Baltimore, Md. John N. May, Summit, N. J. .T. M. Jordan, St. Louis, Mo. Henry' A. Siebrecht, New Rochelle, N. Y. C. B. Whitnall Milwaukee, Wis. .\lex. Murdoch, Pittsburgh, Penn'a E. a. Hill, Riohmoml. Ind. Wm. J. Stewart, Boston, Mass. CHAPEL I ^ « 4 - % 7 Statk Vice Presidents for 1887, Elected and Appointed to Date. Alabama, C. H. Keed, Birmingham. California, J. H. Stevees, San Francisco. Canada, C. Campbell, Montreal. Colorado, Aveey Gallup, Denver. Connecticut, G. A. Dickeeman, New Haven. Dakota, . . . E. L. Du Bell, Sioux Falls. Delaware, M. F. Hayden, Wilmington. District of Columbia, . . . Heney Pfister, Washington. Georgia, Ed. W^achendorff, Atlanta. Illinois, A. W. Sawyer, Sycamore. Indiana, J. G. Heinl, Terre Haute. loiva, JuDsoN Keameb, Marion. Kansas, Miss Emma Bristol, Topeka. Kentucky, E. Bell, Lexington. Louisiana, John Eblen, New Orleans. Maine, . . F. H. MoaES, Bucksport. Maryland, R. J. Halliday, Baltimore. Massachusetts, .P. Welch, Boston. Michigan, Stephen Taplin, Detroit. Minnesota, R. J. Mendenhall, Minneapolis Missouri, Ldthee Aemstrong, Kirkwood. Nebraska, A. Donaghue, Omaha. New Hampshire, G. E. Buxton. J. N. May, Summit, ' Peter Henderson, Jersey City Heights. ,, -t:^ , , Henry A. Siebrecht, New Rochelle. New York, ' ' F. E. McAllister, New York. North Carolina, G. B. Lamb, Wilmington. ^, . j Northern, .... Robert George, Painesville. ( Southern, .... George Coebett, College Hill. 6 STATE VICE PRESIDENTS. ^ , . ( Eastern, . Thomas Caktledge, Philadelphia. Pennsylvania, { -^ ^ ^ T-.-i, , ^ ( Western, . B. A. Elliott, Pittsburgh. Rhode Island, George Burroughs, Providence. South Carolina, Mrs. J. S. R. Thomson, Spartansburg. Tennessee, J. J. Crusman, Clarksville. Vermont, C. E. Allen, Brattleboro'. Virginia, Benjamin Reynolds, Norfolk. West Virginia, AV. F. Ivrieger, Wheeling. Wisconsin, William Carrie, Milwaukee. lants, which were roses just coming into bloom, were frozen right under the place where the sashes were let down. They were frozen sufficiently hard to blacken the buds, although not enough, seemingly, to injure the foliage. After the lapse of sixty hours from the time when they had been thus frozen, the space under the sashes, measuring about three by four, was covered with mildew and the lines defining this space were clearly visible, while in no other part of the house was there a vestige of mildew. Why was this ? It was be- cause the vitality of the plants had been lessened by the shock they had received, and the presumption is a fair one that the germs of the mil- dew, floating in the atmosphere, had found suitable soil for their ger- mination. I have another case in ijoint, and my statement in regard to that can be verified l)y gentlemen here present who recently visited my place. We had some six or seven hundred of American Beauty roses. One half of these are now in perfect health, and I do not tliink you can find scarcely a black spot among the whole of them. They are grow- ing in ten-inch pots, and are about two feet high. This lot was from plants that had been grafted on Manettl stock in the first week of March, the stock having been taken from cold frames at that date. After grafting, they were shifted and forwarded in the usual way. They were placed in the open air about the first day of June last, with another lot of Ainerican Beauty with which tliey were almost iden- tical in size and apparent vigor, but which, however, had been grown in the green-houses during the winter, without rest. At this time, two months after being thus exposed in the open air, the grafted lot (which had the winter's rest) are in perfect health, while the others are becoming affected to a considerable extent with black spot. This experiment is one of the most satisfactory I have ever tried, and, in my judgment, it shows as clearly as anything can show that it is the continued unrest to which we subject the plants which causes lessen- ed vitality and consequent disease. The Chairman (Mr. Craig) : Will IMr. Henderson permit a ques- tion before leaving the floor? His theory, as I understand it, is that continued forcing has so undermined their constitutions that the roses have for that reason become more liable to this disease which we call black spot? Mr. Henderson : Yes, thej^ have thus become liable to that and other diseases. That is only one of the diseases which may afllict them. 46 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. The Chairman : I believe that the assumption upon which that theory is predicated is the truth, but I do not think that the gentle- man's statement covers the whole of the subject. It has occurred in our experience, in importing from Europe roses that had been grown on the "rest" principle, that had been rested all winter, that, after bringing them over, and planting them out, they soon became iilled with black spot. I do not attempt to controvert the theory that con- tinued forcing will so enfeeble the plant as to make it subject not only to black spot but to all other diseases, but I think that black spot will attack the healthiest plants as well as the unhealthy. What does the gentleman (Mr. Henderson) think of cases of this kind? Mr. Henderson : I have only to answer by citing the fact which was demonstrated in the case to which I have just called attention, viz : that where the plants were given rest, where we have a stronger growth, there has been no black spot ; while, in the other case, where we have a weakened growth consequent upon the want of rest, we do have the disease. I can only account for the case which Mr. Craig has stated by supposing that in some way the roots have been hurt by over or under-watering, — either might do it, — as we well know that these extremes bring black spot, rust, burning or whatever the differ- ent phases of such disease may be called upon many other plants be- sides the rose. Mr. E. G. Hill, of Indiana : I think we are arguing from wrong premises. Take Victor Verdier and roses of that type, and you find that they are subject to black spot. The first instance in which black spot came under my notice was one in which it was developed in Vic- tor Verdier roses imported from France. If you take any one of the type of the Victor Verdier^ you find that it is the first to be affected by black spot. There is no doubt that the American Beauty has Victor Verdier blood in its veins. It has been placed out of doors in a healthy condition, and before three weeks have elapsed, the black spot has been seen upon it. Only two years ago we had roses of the Victor Verdie?' type from over the water with tea blood in them, and found them the first to develop this particular kind of fungoid disease. The Victor Verdier is a result of the cross between a hybrid per- petual and the tea rose Safrano, and was raised by Lacharme of Ly- ons, France. Here you have a union of the tender tea variety and the hardy hybrid rose. I repeat that roses of that kind, with tea blood in them, are more subject to black spot than others. I believe that in the rose, as in the human family, peculiarities of disease are trans- mitted in the constitution, and the question that I have evolved in SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 47 my mind is, whether the trouble here has not come from that union or from the results of crossing those varieties. Mr. Antoine Wintzer, of West Grove, Pa. : Referring to my per- sonal experience, I have to say that our first bad case of black spot was in a lot of imj)orted roses from one of the old English growers. They were as fine and healthy-looking plants as any in our establish- ment, and during the months of July and August were growing vig- orously. Suddenly they became affected with black siDot. I knew how to handle mildew, red sf)ider, and all the old pests, but this was something new. I studied the subject, and reasoned that, unless checked, the disease would not leave us a healthy rose in the country in the course of ten years. My observations convince me that the fungoid spot on the leaf results from a disease of the circulation, and that the disease may be produced by climatic influences, abuse in the treatment of the plants, or other unfavorable conditions. I have no- ticed that, when in the most vigorous condition, plants would be sud- denly attacked by this disease. I do not coincide in the view ex- pressed by the gentleman from Indiana (Mr. Hill) that the disease is confined exclusively to the Victor Verdier class, although I admit the Victor VercUer class and its family, with the exception of Bennett's hybrid teas, are the most liable to it. About eighteen years ago, I grew the Victor Verdier in open ground. It did not have the disease at that time. In fact, with us, the disease is of recent origin. The only remedy I have found is to procure good healthy stock plants for proi)agating purposes, — plants that are grown in open ground under favorable climatic conditions. But I do not say that because a plant has not black spot at present it will therefore never get it. A man may not have consumption in his system, but he may contract it from self-abuse or from any one of many other causes that produce the disease ; and black spot is almost as fatal among plants as is consumption in the human race. Through the Southern States roses may be seen that form their leaves in March and will retain them until late in autumn, which is something very unusual in our latitude. The quality of the rose is in the stamina. If you produce your cut- tings from good, well-conditioned plants, the progeny will have a good send-off and will be able to endure our changeable climate. Propa- gating from plants that have been grown under glass for a number of years has a tendency to impair the vitality of the future stock. In this climate roses must be grown under glass to produce good flowers ; but the young stock should not be produced, year after year, from 48 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. such plants. Rose cuttings from plants grown in the open ground have more vitality. Mr. WiNTZER went to say that sulphur fumigation and other reme- dies that would cure other diseases had no effect whatever on black spot ; that it was as great a mistake to assume that the disease was caused by starvation as it would be to suppose that a man was in good health because he weighed tw^o hundred pounds, when his weight was due to the fact that he was " all the time full of beer." He reiterated that it was an error to attempt to grow roses by the over-heating pro- cess. He contended that the reason why there was so much disease among the American Beauty roses last year was that everybody was harassing them, and that stock could not be procured from plants grown in open ground. Mr. Hexry a. Siebrecht here interposed to say that he thought the view expressed by the gentleman from Indiana (Mr. Hill) concerning the origin of the disease was more nearly correct than any other which had found expression. That view was that in producing new roses such as American Beauty^ La France^ and other hybrid tea roses, two roses of differently constituted natures were used, viz : the hardy hybrid perpetual rose and the tea rose — the one being a soft rose that would grow throughout all the year, if required, and the other a rose that needed rest. Consequently, the product of this union would be a rose of two distinct and opposite natures. He (Sie- brecht) coincided in the view that the disease was traceable to this cross-hvbridization. He further stated that, in a conversation with Mr. Henderson, several months ago, the subject was talked over, and both Mr. H. and he came to the conclusion that the hybrid blood in the American Beauty and other roses wanted rest at a certain time, while the tea blood in that rose rebelled and wanted to push and grow. About a half dozen years ago, Mr. Henry Bennett, of Stapleton, now of Sheppardton, introduced his pedigree " hybrid tea" roses into commerce. We expected wonderful results from them. One of the progeny was Duke of Connaught. Where is the Duke of Connaught to-day ? What has he accomplished with it as an out-door rose ? Of the ten roses introduced by him in that year very few have been satisfac- tory as out door roses. All of that class of roses, grown under out- door culture, have been more subject to black spot than A?nerican Beauty or any other rose of which I know anything. I can show you to-day an American Beauty rose propagated from original stock that had black spot and which w^as absolutely cured of the disease. The disease is not one that is confined to any particular rose. Some of our SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 49 best roses are liable to get it, among others the Manetti, imported from Europe. Last summer, when we had about five thousand Ma- netti, we were visited by a north-east storm, with a drop of twenty- five degrees in temperature, and in less than twenty-four hours black spot appeared in large quantities among the lot. Mr. Charles Anderson, of N. Y., here interposed and remarked that he had Manetti stock, which had been imported and had been planted out, and that that stock was afflicted with black spot. He suggested an inquiry as to the cause in that case. A delegate here inquired whether any grower had subjected a case of black sj)ot to the microscope with a view to ascertaining the nature of the disease. (No response was made.) Mr. WiNTZER (continuing) explained that the cause inquired about by Mr. Anderson was probably due to climatic influences. He went on to say that the Manetti stock, which was one of the hardiest and most vigorous, was as liable to be aff'ected by the disease as any other variety. In point of fact, it had been aifected for the last two or three years. So far as he knew, none of the roses aifected had been produced in any other way than by the old-fashioned system of hard-wood cut- tings in open ground. A delegate here moved that, in the discussion of subjects before the convention, a five-minute rule be enforced. The motion was adopted without objection. Mr. WiNTZER, being given permission, continued : A sudden check to a plant of any of the varieties, no matter how healthy, would, in his judgment, produce black spot. He held that the rule in this re- spect w^as the same in plants as in human beings, and that a healthy man who, under certain conditions was exposed to a draught of air, would contract pneumonia as quickly as one in delicate health. (Ap- plause.) Mr. ScHULTHEis, of Long Island, N. Y., being awarded the floor, stated that in his view, the forcing of roses impaired their vitality. He added : '' Now if you use rain water, you will never be troubled with black spot. That is all that I have to say." Mr. John Thorpe (humorously): I am afraid that Mr. Schultlieis is "ofl"" with regard to soft water. I use nothing but soft water and I have tlie finest crop of black spot on my hands that you would care to see! The Chairman : I am compelled to announce that the last five minutes for discussion have expired, and also the time which we are at liberty to devote to this subject. I am pleased, however, to be able 4' 50 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. to announce that, before we adjourn, we are to be favored with a few words from a gentleman known to many of you, one eminent in our profession, a thoughtful man, one who is known, not only throughout this country, but is recognized on the other side of the Atlantic as a high authority on all subjects connected with our business. I have the honor and the very great pleasure of presenting to you Mr. Thomas Meehan, of Philadelphia. Mr. Thomas Meehan, (editor of the Gardener's Monthly^) of Phila- delphia, rising in his place on the platform and being cordially greet- ed with applause, said : Mr. Chairman : I feel very grateful to you for the kind words you have spoken of me, and to my friends in the audience who have re- sponded so cordially to your remarks concerning me. I wish I could feel that it was in my power to make a return which would be some- what commensurate with the kindness and good feeling with which you have welcomed me. If I were in some other place than Phila- delphia, I might perhaps feel disposed to try at once to fill the measure of my gratefulness ; but, remembering that I am in the Quaker City and that Quaker ideas have pervaded the whole community, I feel that it is my duty to speak only '' when the spirit moves me." For- tunately, the spirit has moved many of our friends, who have come to pay us a visit, and the result has been seen in the excellent ad- dresses which have been heard this afternoon. But, as I am an out- sider in a measure, only a listener, and with nothing of my own to communicate, I may, perhaps, be permitted to comment on what others have said. I have been led to think, by what has been said, how much I would like to be present at some pomological convention this evening, where the experience that I have gathered to-day, con- cerning the wearing out of varieties, might come into good use. That theory, or speculation rather, originated with Thomas Andrew Knight, of England, who, observing that certain pear trees fail, conceived the idea that plants had only a specified time to live, — a pear tree proba- bly five hundred years, — and that, at the end of that time, even the cut- tings taken from that tree necessarily became diseased and died be- cause the limit of that period had been reached that the cuttings would live only as long as the parent stem lived ; consequently, when the natural length of life for an individual tree had been reached, it would die and the younger plants from it would, necessarily, die also. But the facts that we have gathered here this afternoon would, I think, have a very strong bearing as against that theory, because one individual rose will not live for fifty or sixty years, and yet we have in existence to-day varieties which were well known fifty years ago, and SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 51 were not new then, and which, notwithstanding the many difficulties surrounding their culture, because of disease and bad conditions, are still the most popular of our modern varieties. This is a strong point against the original doctrine of the wearing out of varieties. Although individual varieties will not, necessarily, wear out, I am sorry to note, in gazing at the sea of faces before me, that individuals of the human family do wear out, for of those whom I knew in the business twenty-five years ago, there are few now living. But while the individual members of the Society wear out, neither the art which they are fostering, nor the love for flowers which they have inherited from, and will transmit to others, will ever wear out. I was a rosarian in comparatively youthful years. At my tenth year I commenced to study roses, and when between ten and fifteen years of age, I knew every variety of rose that was in existence at that time. It is because of that fact that I make the statement, based upon the speeches which I have heard this afternoon, that the roses which were fashionable at that time are still popular to-day. In listen- ing to the lists read by Messrs, Henderson and Wintzer, I was inter- ested in noting how many roses had lost their original names in his- tory, and were now being introduced under new names. For instance, what we knew as Gonhault is now Bon Silene^ and roses which, like Niphetos^ were of no account in former days are popular now, because, although varieties do not run out, old thoughts do run out. We are compelled to find new thoughts and new wants, and the old flowers very often provide for those new thouglits and new wants to a larger extent than do some of the newer varieties. Therefore, it is alwa3''s nec- essary to look for new varieties by either cross-fertilization or other scientific methods, for, after having gotten once the new variety or the new idea, we can frequently find among the older varieties the neces- sary material for filling new thoughts and wants, and such material can generally be used to much better advantage than even the new kind. Only a few days ago I was told of a rose which is now being introduced in Europe. It is a German variety — recently the Ger- mans have been competing with the French in introducing new varie- ties, though this distinction is one that has been supposed to be a special perquisite of the French people. I supposed we had some- thing entirely new, and was informed that its peculiar name, in Ger- man, was Namelose Schoene^ signifying " The Nameless Beauty." Struck by its name, I was induced to inquire into its history, when I found that that also was an old rose! It was an old rose, the name of which had been lost. It had been certainly under culture for over twenty years, and without having any recognized merits ; but the new 52 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. thoughts and the new wants to which I before had reference led to the discovery in that old rose of just the merits which the new thoughts and the new ideas required, and thus it became of value. It was ver}^ nearly allied to JVip/iefos, but it was found to be a regular bloomer, continuing in bloom for six weeks ; furnishing nearly as many flowers at the end of that period as it did at the first part of its blooming ; and, moreover, was so floriferous that even small plants in the cutting pots would bear flowers. This quality, with others, there- fore, in this age when we are cultivating roses and flowers especially for profit, gave it a value which it would not have possessed in former times wlien flower buds were not so much in demand as at present. I have only to add that, whether new varieties wear out or not, old love of flowers will never die ; and although, in looking over the faces here, I am impressed with the fact that the florists whom I knew forty- eiglit 3'ears ago are passing awaj'^ and new ones are coming up, I can see that the old love is not dead. I hope that the influence of your meeting will stimulate that love which is destined to continue long after the oldest of us have passed away. (Long-continued enthu- siasm.) The Chairman here announced the hour of adjournment, and made several additional announcements for general information. Briefly stated, tliese were as follows : An invitation to delegates who had not recorded their names to visit the registrj^ book in one of the outer rooms ; an invitation from the officials of the United States mint, with a statement of the hours for visiting that institution ; and notifications from Mr. Sturtevant, of New Jersey, that the flower of Victoria Beffia, in the exhibition hall, could be inspected during the hours of the ses- sions; and from the local committee of the Florists' Club, apprising the excursionists to Atlantic City of the time at which the last boat would leave on the following morning. Mr. W. K. Harris, by way of testing the sentiment of the conven- tion on the point, moved that the excursion fixed for to-morrow be made, " rain or shine." The motion was carried without objection. Adjourned. FIRST DAY— Evening. The Chairman (Vice-President Craig in the chair) announced as the regular order of business, per programme, a paper on " Fungoid Diseases of the Rose," by Mr. H. J. Sackersdorff, of Bayside, N. J. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLOKISTS. f ^ Ha o " .. 53 He added that the President (Mr. Thorpe) desired tq^ maK^^stat^:^^t in regard to the paper. \ ^^ ' & . \ •. Mr. John Thorpe, (the President:) As the menibe^e of JthecduvenrX tion have doubtless olDserved by the programme, Mr. Sa^efsiJorfE, the • ) essayist on this topic, has been removed by death. Prior '^ his si(*k- / ness, he preptared some notes on this important paper, and I ha^'^4h£>8e' - notes now in my possession, but they are in such a condition of con- fusion that we have not yet been able to disentangle them. I suggest that the society place these notes in the hands of a committee, with instruction to them to get at the pith of tlie matter and prepare the same for insertion in the printed report of our proceedings. If this meets with favor, a motion to carry the suggestion into eftect would now be in order. On motion, it was here ordered by the society that the paper pre- pared by the late H. J. Sackersdorif be completed, and that it be published in the report of the proceedings of this annual meeting. (Note. — Up to the time of going to press with these proceedings, the above-named committee had not reported, wherefore the essay cannot be inserted.) The Chairman : The next topic treated of on the programme is '• Model Green-houses and How to Build Them," which will be pre- sented by a gentleman well qualified to instruct us, Mr. John N. May, of Summit, N. J. MODEL GREEN-HOUSES, AND HOW TO BUILD THEM. To build a greenhouse in the best practicHl manner, and, at the same time, in a reasonably cheap way, is, perhaps, the most important part of the construction to the working florist ; and to sliow how to do so is my present purpose. LOCATION. This is the first step to consider. If for beginners, I would strongly advise them to work out a plan suitable to all their future requirements, and start the first house so as to form a part of such plan complete ; but in locating, it is advis- able to get a position as nearly facing south as possible. It should also be so sit- uated that perfect drainage can be secured at all times, for no greenhouse will ever be satisfactory where it is subject to floods, or where the bottom is damp or unhealthy. Another consideration is level ground ; the nearer level it is the bet- ter. Although a slight rise in tlie run of a greenhouse, of not more tlian two feet to one hundred, is not out of tlie way, still, for all practical purposes, I prefer it level all thiough. SIZE. Having selected the position and location for the house, the next thing to con- sider is the size ; and here I would remark that, having tried nearly every con- ceivable shape and size of greenliouse for growing plants of various classes in, I have come to the conclusion that houses of moderate size are much the best for 54 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. nearly every puriiose. A very large house has the objection of keeping the i)lants too far away from the glass, and, moreover, does not give the amount of space in proportion to the glass area; while, on the other hand, my experience with small liouses of ten feet wide, and from that up to sixteen feet, is that they are subject to considerable fluctuations in temperature during very cold or very hot weather. To avoid both these extremes, I struck a line between the two, and built nearly all my houses eighteen feet six inches in the clear (surface measure), and after seven years' experience with this i)articiilar size, I find they are the best suited for my purpose by a long way, for while I have one sixteen feet wide and one twenty-four feet wide, I find they neitiier are as satisfactory or as handy to work as those of eighteen feet six inches. Where it is convenient to build houses that widtli, I certainly advise them. Presuming that is the size selected, decide on the lengtli ; then start at the end farthest from the boiler or shed, and stretch a line wliere the front row of posts is to be set ; then square from the corner post in front to the corner post for the back eighteen feet six inches. Next take small pegs; place the first down for the corner, then put one in at three feet eleven inches from the outside of corner, and tlie next at three feet eleven inclies from center to center, and so continue placing them close beside the line till the right length required is reached. Next, mark out where the door is to be placed on the end; place a peg down for each door-post, allowing three inches for the jambs between the post and door ; then place pegs at equal distances between that and the corners. Ground Plan of Green-House. Next, stretch another line for the back row of posts parallel with the first, and eighteen feet six inches from it ; then drive in pegs at same distance from each other as for the front row. Now, take a spade and mark out for each hole around the peg, about four inches on the outside of each and eight or nine inches in- side of it ; this gives room for the post to stand and touch the line, and gives room to ram it firmly after placing it in position. Then dig the holes to the right depth -usually about three feet is enough, un- less the ground is not solid at that depth. As soon as it can be ascertained what depth is required, have the post long enough so as to allow whatever depth is to go below ground level, and to stand three feet ten inches above the level for the front and end posts, and eight feet two inches above ground for the back post. These, of course, must be faced, before setting, on the side next to the boarding. At the shed, or boiler end, the wall of cellar should be built so as to project six inches to house proper. In this wall pi ice a sill, and from this sill build up tliis end of the house, and place two studs to carry the ends of gutters, which will answer in place of the last two posts. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 55 Ltl POST Fia. 1. ISHOTHINCi Wlien the posts are all set in position, prepare your gutter strips four by eight inches (Fig. 1), by digging them out the required depth, starting at one quarter inch, and deepening it one eighth inch to every three feet ; plow the under side for drip and edge of weather-boarding, as shown in tlie same figure ; select sticks twenty feet long for this purpose. When worked all ready, level the tops of posts all tlirough, the front one at three feet eight inches from ground level, the back ones eight feet from grade. Saw them all off square, tlien fit tlie gutters on, saw the joints witli square butts and tight, and then spike tliem fast to post, first applying tar or white lead to the under side of plate and top of post. When this is completed, and the run of the gutter is even all through to center where leader is put in, take some gas tar, boil it for some time, and give the hollowed-out part a good coat from end to end ; this prevents cracking and keeps tiie water from soaking into the wood. Next, get the ridge plate (see Fig. 2) and purlin ready (Fig. 3). These are best jointed by a half splice, and if fitted nicely, the joints leaded and well nailed together, it makes a very neat finish. As soon as they are ready, a scaffold must be built so as to allow the workmen to get up near their work. Then cut three or four 'A Fio. 3. pairs of rafters as near as possible to sixteen feet on the glass line for the front ones, and six feet on the glass line for the back ones ; place these at five or six feet apart, and put the ridge plate between them ; get the pair of end rafters (Fig. 9) up, and start plumb with these, bracing tliem securely so tliat they remain in v^lace. As soon as this is done, put np tlie balance of ridge plate all through, and tack it so as to I 1 prevent its getting out of place. Then commence next i^ ^ to end rafters, first put np ; make three pattern-sticks to measure twelve inches and one twelftli of an inch long (tliis allows twelve-inch glass to bed well) ; then com- mence and cut the rafters (Fig. 12) witli a crow foot, so . '^ ) as to bring the glass line wlien fitted even with the hoi- i-TL FiG. 12. lowed edge of gutter. Nail them fast with finishing nails Fig. 9. as fast as fitted, placing a pattern stick between at each nailing place. The pur. lin slionld be put in place before nailing any of the rafters, and held there by temporary supports from the ground ; tlie same, also, for the ridge plate. In nailing to the ridge plate, be careful to keep it as near straight as possible, particularly on the south side, as the ventilating sash fits so much better if the ridge is quite straight. Each alternate rafter on the top need only be thirteen feet long, and at top can be left loose till the whole of the rafters are on. As soon as completed, stretch a line the full length of roof and three feet from the ridge plate ; square the top ends of each of the thirteen-feet rafters, and cut a header between each pair of sixteen-feet rafters ; and across top of the short one '^ 56 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. nail header to eacli of tliem, in a plumb line— of course keeping the groove for glass in it flush with glass line on bars (Fig. 4). As soon as this is completed it is ready for the sash, wliicli, if properly made, are ready to fit on, ex- cept that the under side of top rail will want beveling off to fit evenly to the ridge plate. When fitted all througli, they should show one inch of the header below the sash; on this they are hung with galvanized iron butts, liaving a brass pin — the best size is one and tlu-ee-fourths by two and one-half. These fit nicely, and are plenty heavy enougli ; they require an inch and a quarter screw, Fi«. 4, No. 7. Before putting the sash on, I advise that iron columns, made of gas pipe, be put under ridge and purlin at about ten feet apart, and braced up tight ; this secures everything in its place. Next, take the bevel strips (Fig. 5), fit iu carefully between the rafter on the beveled edge of gutter, lead them well, and nail fast with finishing nails. As soon as this is completed, the roof is ready for painting and glazing. I prefer twelve by twenty-four glass for the back, which just Fig. 5. takes tiiree lights ; for tlie front any length can be used, but for the ven- tilators one thirty-inch liglit, or two of fifteen inches, can be used. Next, finish up tlie ends. If glass, (which makes much the neatest finish,) is to be used, work out a plate (Fig. 6), which fits on post over board- ing, etc., the same as the gutter does. When this is completed, n | [_ '^, ^ Fig. 11. 4 take strips sixteen feet long (Fig. 11), place Fig. 6. on outer edge of gutter, and nail fast. This makes the gutter one inch deeper, which is very requisite, particularly during heavy thunder showers, etc., when, if this is not put on, a good deal of the water would rush over the outer edge of the gutter. In boarding, I prefer hemlock boards, eight or ten inches wide. Start at the top ; use a lever, and get each board as tight as possible. When this sheathing is all on, take the best rosin-sized paper, cover the whole outside, then put on the outside weather boards, slate, or wliatever is preferred. Novelty siding is, per- haps, the neatest looking; if this is used, commence at the top, and let the top edge of board fit up tight into groove of gutter, and nail the top edge of board- but before nailing lower side, get the next line of boards into position, etc. If slate is used, the slater must begin at bottom, and measure off the distance for each course to come out even. The benches, etc., inside, of course can be fitted up any way to suit the class of plants to be grown ; but for roses, I think the best is a front bench two feet nine inches wide, middle bed eight feet six inches, and back bench one foot ten inches wide. This gives a front walk two feet three inches, and a back walk one foot ten inches wide, with a ten-inch board laid on the soil of bed to get through the center for cutting buds, cleaning, etc. (See. Fig. 7). This style of benching I have found the most satisfactory of any, as it gives every plant a portion of di- rect sunlight. For ventilating, I prefer a crank and shafting running all through the house, and lifting the whole continuous line of shafting at once. It costs but little more in the first outlay, saves an immense amount of time and trouble in after years, and when once up will last as long as the house does, only requiring a lit- tle oil at the cogs occasionally. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 57 Fig. 7. Fig. 8. I have liad a all whom it In opening ventilators from the ridge, it is necessary to put a cap (Fig. 8) on top of ridges. This prevents any drip during heavy rains, and also allows the ventilators to be opened in any sort of weather required. One great advantage of ventilating this way is that it lets the heated air out at the highest point, thereby avoiding cold draughts and currents of air, which are sure to be more or less troublesome when tlie ventila- ators are opened the reverse way. For the better illustration of how such a house is constructed, model made, which is on exhibition here for the inspection of may interest. There is considerable diiference in the material used for building greenhouses For posts, locust is the best and cheapest in the long run ; next in point of dura bility is red cedar. If neither of these can be had, take good sound white oak for this purpose. For the gutters, rafters, etc., pine is the best, but there must not be the least bit of sap in any part of it if yellow pine is used — and there ought not to be any in the siding either. For benches, etc., inside, hemlock is decidedly better and cheaper than pine. Where the saving of water from the roof of the greenhouse is no object, the gutter recommended above can be substituted by a three by eight dressed plate, placed on a level to run the water off, thereby saving some expense and trouble in preparing the gutter ; and, if in building the greenhouse, it is decided to build 58 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. it of less width, say sixteen feet, rafters of one and one-fourth by two and one lialf inches are lieavy enough. One tiling from long experience I have learned is, that it is better to build less and do it well, than to build to a large extent and never have it satisfactory. The Chairman, (after the convention had asserted its appreciation of the excellence of Mr. May's effort in a tumnlt of applause,) said: I wish to state that Mr. May has prepared a model, which is below in the exhibition room, illustrating very clearly points set forth Ijy him in the paper just read. The model may be examined by members at any time during the present Aveek. The Chairman : I hold in my hand the reports of the Committees on Green-House Construction and Other Appliances, and on Cut Flowers, etc., which will be read. Tlie reports were here read (in the temporary absence of the Secre- tary, Mr. Hill,) by President Thorpe, and will be found in the ap- pendix. (Note. — At subsequent stages of the meeting of the convention, additional reports Avere received from the committees on exhibits. These reports will be found in the appendix. On motion, the committee reports which had been read were re- ceived, the committees discharged from tlie further consideration of the subjects treated of, and the reports ordered to be printed as a part of the proceedings of the annual meeting. The Chairman announced, as the next business, the reading of a paper on " Pot-grown Decorative Foliage Plants for General Purposes," bv Mr. James Taplin, of Mavwood, N. J. POT GROWN decorative PLANTS. This includes a very wide area, not only comprising variegated plants, but also decorative plants generally. I am afraid tliis class does not receive tlie attention it deserves, for the reason that few of the foliage plants have very striking flow- ers. As a rule, the average amateur asks if it is a lily or if it is a fern, and what the flower is like. The Society of American Florists wish to spread information on plants in general, foliage plants included. This will prevent many amateurs who are willing to buy plants from being victimized by the "fakirs," who are always willing to sell wonderful plants and the buyer at the same time. It is difficult to draw a line in this article, for it has been often shown that decorative foliage plants and variegated plants should not be shown in tlie same class if prizes are offered ; but we, as free and unhampered florists, make no dis- tinction in this point, but include all the decorative plants in the same class. CALADIUMS. 1 may mention a class of plants which, of late years, has gone rather out of repute without any just cause; that is caladiums. These plants ai-e not only useful during the summer as pot plants for decorating rooms and green-houses, but are also fine for cutting leaves to decorate vases mixed with flowers. In SOCIETY OF AMEBICAN FLOEISTS. 59 addition, it is one of the best plants for putting outside under trees wliere bed- ding plants will not grow well. These plants are among the easiest to cultivate ; the tubers, after the plant is at rest, can be stowed in any place that will keep sweet potatoes well, and the plants, wiien growing, only require good rich soil. Years ago, when I grew caladiums at Chatswortli, the plants were large masses in tubs with some of the tubers twelve or more inches in diameter, and foliage in proportion. These were grown in the Victoria house. I presume I may call the Victoria Regia a decorative plant, although not grown in a pot ; also tlie Nelumhimn speciosum, wiiich can be grown in a pot. The strange leaves with the stem in the center, and the wonderful (lowers and seed stems, ap- pear to include this plant among the foliage plants. But I need not ramble away from the strict letter of this paper, or I will require an hour's reading at least. So i will give a few descriptive notes of some of the most useful decora- tive plants. PALMS. A selection of palms is useful, as J:liey stand tolerably rougli treatment, and also the dry air of rooms in the winter. Lutania Borhonica is one of the best, being a regular fan palm, and will stand more rough usage than other palms. If it is well watered, and the temperature does not go below fifty degrees, it will flourish in an ordinary room all the winter. I saw some last winter on the man- tel above tlie stove growing well, but the lady was an enthusiast in plants. Among otlier palms, Artca lutescens, A. rubra, and A. Verschajfeltii are first-rate varieties to grow. Cocos WedcUUiana is said to stand the treatment in rooms well, but being a variety making but few roots, it would be more delicate than some others. The Kentias are among the most useful palms grown, and also among the most ornamental. These palms also make fine specimens without its being necessary to raise the roof of the green-house. Among other ])alms, we may mention Phoniicophorium sechellarum , the cele- brated '' thief pahn," wliicli requires a very high temperature, and is too scarce for general decorative purposes. Tlie Phcenix or date palms are among the most useful decorative plants, both for the green-liouse, and also for room decoration. The variety ritfirestris, a very strong grower, is good for the green-house, and also for rooms, but the newer variety, rupicola, is far superior to it. The Chamcerops are also well adapted for general decoration. The variety excelsa will survive a few degrees of frost. The Senforthias are also good decorative plants, but, being very free rooting, require more attention in watering than most palms. We can, of course, in- clude among this general collection Zamias, Macrozamia, and Cycas, the latter being among the most useful plants for general purposes, more especially Cycas revolida, or sago palm, so well knovvri for furnishing " palm leaves " for funerals ; why this should be so I cannot tell, the Cycas not being a palm. But I must mention a few of tlie more fancy foliage plants, leaving out num- bers of useful plants both for conservatory and house decoration. CROTONS. The Crotons, when well grown, are among the most showy plants in cultiva- tion, both in growtli and color; but to grow tliese plants well, they require liberal treatment, especially in giving abundant heat, and also what few variegated 60 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. plants need, abnndant light. A small plant well colored is better than a large one without color. Tliere have been so many sports and seedlings among Crotons of late years that it would be difficult to say wliich is the best, but among all the new varieties, (and I have grown a number of tliem tolerably well,) 1 think I would prefer the old angusHfoUum, as exhibited by Tliomas Bains in England many years ago. I exhibited many varieties before the New York Horticultural Society some years ago, including angustifoUum, perfectly colored, like a fountain of gold, and I think yet I like tliat better than the Mooreana, Disraeli, Veitch'ii, or any of tlie other sorts. 15ut Crotons require liberal treatment, and are not plants suited to room decoration, as tiiey must have a temperature not less than sixty degrees at any time, including plenty of moisture in the atmosphere. A good loam, with plenty of drainage, is the best pot treatment. I may mention that, altliough this country has abundance of insects, I liave noticed we can ob- tain various new and choice species with the imported Crotons, which usually prevent any imported plants from making specimens, the only chance being to obtain a shoot on the top and make a plant from the cutting. I mention this from numerous trials, and I may also observe that I never saw any insects on plants from their native country, and seldom any plants without from Europe. DRAC^NAS. Dracjenasare indispensable plants in general decoration, and most of the species and varieties will stand rougli treatment. Tliere has been a number of species and varieties introduced of late years, from their native tropics, and also large numbers of seedlings raised both in Europe and America. I saw several seed- lings, raised near Boston, quite up to the mark. There is always a good demand for D. terminalis wlien well colored, and this species will always sell, it being a good room plant. ASPIDISTRA. This old plant is quite useful to fill boxes and vases in rooms. It will stand any rough usage, including ten degrees of frost. PANDANUS. Although there are many species of these Screw pines, all more or less distinct, the only sort of general utility is P. utilis, the most valuable of all, whicli is used for room decoration more than any other plant. It will stand any sort of rough treatment short of freezing. P. javanicus variegatus and P. VeitcliH are both variegated, but much more tender than utilis. These two should never remain in a temperature below sixty degrees for any length of time. NEPENTHES. We can scarcely avoid mentioning the Nepenthes or pitcher plants, which cer- tainly are included in decorative foliage plants. In former times there was sup- posed to be a secret in growing these plants, but this was dissipated years ago, when people discovered that tiiese plants could be raised from seed by thousands, and propagated from cuttings like verbenas, and also grown easier than verbenas of late years. I do not say we can plant them out in beds on the lawn, but if we have a warm, close house, with temperature from seventy degrees upwards, with some rough peat and live sphagnum to grow in, the plants require less attention than an ordinary bed of verbenas. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN PLORISTS. 61 SARRACENIA, an American lutcher plant, mnst also be included in this article, being plants of easy culture, and none of the varieties require very much heat. Tiie species purpurea is a native of swamps from New York to Canada, and although I have seen it growing in a warm house in England, I have gathered it in a swamp on a mountain In New Jersey. The pitcher on these plants varies in growth and color as much as the flower. S. imypurea, the native of the Northern States, grows but a few inches above the soil, while S. Drummondii, from the South, will grow two feet high. Although all the flowers are strange and wonderful, one species smells like violets, while another smells like anything but violets ! 1 have seen various sorts of insects perish by the thousand in the pitchers of both these plants, and also in the pitchers of tlie Ifepenthesso much so that the pitcher decayed, wiiich refuted Darwin's theory that they fed on them. MARANTAS. These are among the most beautiful of foliage plants, and wiien well grown are excellent, but they require a very high, moist temperature, with shade at all times from briglit sun. Under these conditions, the plants are easily grown, and well repay the grower for the trouble. Among tlie varieties, virginalis major, Veitchii, rosea-picta, and 2)rinceps are about the best. ARUNDO DONAX VARIEGATA is among the decorative plants, both inside and out of doors. Years ago it was grown for exhibition in a collection of foliage plants. FICUS ELASTICA, or India-rubber plant, is indispensable as a pot-plant for winter decorations. It will stand any heat and gas, if it is kept from very low temperature, well sup- plied with water, and the leaves frequently washed to clean from dust. CISSUS AND DIOSCOREA. Of climbing foliage plants, the Cissus and Dioscorea are the most showy, the one being related to the grape-vine and the other to the sweet potato. Both re- quire M. J. Stewart, of Boston, Massachusetts, promptly responded as follows : The duty of answering that question ought to have been assigned to some one other than myself, if an unbiased answer is wanted, be- cause you can all anticipate what would naturally be my reply to such a query. I answer, '• Certainly deal with a broker." I will tell you in a very few words the reason for it, and I trust that in what I say it will not be inferred that I am influenced by any undue personal consider- ation. In dealing with the retailers, your transactions are distributed among a number of people, and you are compelled to keep a number of accounts, some of whicli are of considerable length. In dealing with a broker, your business transactions are conducted with only one individual, and vou have easv access to your account, and are not su1))ected to loss of time in hunting around to collect bills in driblets. Another consideration is that, through the broker, j^ou have facilities for reaching a better market than you are likely to reach in the other case. The broker, with the means of communication which he com- mands through the medium of telegraphic and railroad facilities, and his acquaintance with the details of the business and with the people engaged in it. can readily bring you into communication with all the markets that are within a thousand miles of your door. By this means you save, also, the cost of one man's time. I do not know that I ought to say it, but it has been truly said that we have found, in Bos- ton, when a man goes to the city in the morning to sell flowers, he is not worth much, if anything, for the rest of tlie day. I trust, how- ever, that that may not have been the experience of those whom I now address. You might as well take it for granted, however, that if you are going to sell to retailers you have to charge yourselves with this item of one man's time. I would suggest further that, in dealing with the broker, you are more apt to secure uniform, as well as better, prices. The considera- tion which is entitled to the greatest weight is, perhaps, the fact that very few growers who have made a practice of consigning their goods to brokers have abandoned that practice. Many who have tried the plan of selling to retailers have afterwards tried the commission SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLOEISTS. 69 men. You may say that the hitter have not invariably given satis- faction ; bnt, after all, the fact remains that, as a rule, those who patron- ize them stick to them ; and it is fair to assume that they know their own business best. I think that what I have now stated may be con- sidered as answering the question. A Delegate : How is it when the commission men do not pay you anything? Mr. Stewart : I would reply to that by asking, how is it when the retailer don't pay you anything? I have myself sent to many retail- ers, and have got nothing; and it may be fairly assumed that in that respect your chances, when consigning your goods, are about even in either case. If a commission man, with three or four hundred ac- counts on his books, collects within five per cent., he does well. A Delegate : If he gives you nothing on Avhat he collects — if he keeps the whole business — how is it then? Mr. Stewart: I would prefer not entering into a discussion of the subject at this time, as the duty assigned me is discharged by a direct reply on my part to the question as submitted. The subject is not presented in the form of an essay, and in the few words to which I have called your attention, I have endeavored to reply to the best of my ability. The President : "■ Wiiich will be the most fashionable flowers for next winter's use ?" is the next question from the box. Mr. J. M. Jor- dan will please reply. Mr. J. ]M. Jordan, of St. Louis, Mo., responded that, when a boy, he was taught, in attempting to elucidate an idea, not to volunteer his own opinion, but to cite proofs or facts having a tendency to substan- tiate the idea. He desired to say that, as he did not claim to be an embodiment of wisdom, he could only answer the question by citing the results of his e very-day observations, and by judging of the prob- abilities of the future by the actual developments of the past under like conditions. He continued : When I look around me in the various places in which tlorists are preparing their product for next winter, what do I see? When I visit one of these places with fifty thousand feet of glass, to what do I find it devoted? I find that one small house has been given to violets, another little house to lilies of the vallej^ ; but that the great bulk of the establishment, about four-fifths of it, is appropriated to roses. If I go into the market and ask the florists who are making up the flowers for the trade, I am told that about four-fifths of the product of their stores consists of roses. If I find that the sales of roses in the establishment of one florist amount to one thousand per day, of what do 70 PBOCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. I find the balance to consist ? He will have, perhaps, a few hundred lilies of the valley and a comparatively small quantity of difterent vari- eties. Flowers that are the most fashionable are naturally those for wdiich there is the most demand and readiest sale, and these are the flow- ers which are generally produced by the growers. I do not know what may be the most fashionable flower in the coming winter, but I can surmise what it will be from what experience in the past has shown, I know that, ten years ago, in the establishment with which I am con- cerned, w^e had probably about one hundred roses per week, and used from five or six hundred to one thousand camelias. Now that is changed, and we use our thousand or more of roses per day, more in one day than we formerly used in an entire winter ; and I think the end is not yet. The President : Still another question remains for reply. It is this : "Are orchids the coming flowers, or, in other words, will the orchid drive out the rose as that flower has driven out the tuberose and camelia?" Mr. Siebrect will reply. Mr. Henry A. Siebreciit, of New Rochelle, N. Y. : This question is rather a bold and a sharp one, and requires a broad answer, l)ut I do not propose to answer it to the point. Orchids, as you all know, have been introduced among our growers of late years, though this claim can hardly be made for them from a commercial stand-point, as private parties have had their own way, so far as orchids are con- cerned, until within the last three or four years. The reason for this was because of the price of the plants, either in the way of imj^orting them from Europe as established plants, or in getting them from their native clime in the dormant state. My friends say I am an enthusiast on orchids. Perhaps I am, for I confess to you it is my firm belief that orchids, some day or another, will be " the flower." I do not say that roses are going to be driven out — not at all. The rose will still be the " queen of flowers." There is no getting away from that fact, because there are too many well-founded reasons why orchids can never take the place of roses. In the first place, you cannot have them in quantities. In the next place, you cannot produce them for the million. On the other hand, roses and other flowers are pro- liferous. The rose business is now conducted with such precision, and the future supply so well regulated in advance, that dealers can safely make contracts at the beginning of the year for large quantities of roses at a specified price, to be delivered at some time in the future. It is impossible to do this with orchids — their time has not yet come. Nevertheless, as I said before, I am a firm believer that, at some time or other, orchid's wall find a place for themselves and may take the SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 71 place of your fancy roses. M}^ reason for this belief is based upon the proneness of our profession to copy after the old country. We have introduced their roses as they came along, and have grown, sold, and used them. The orchid is the choice flower in England and other European countries to-day. Under present conditions, however, as I have said, the orchid cannot drive out the rose, because of the impos- sibility of tilling large contracts for orchids exclusiveh^, as the supply is insufficient. Xo amount of money could induce a florist to take an order for furnishing orchids for an extensive floral decoration, as he could not possibly procure them. AVhenever the supply has suffici- ently increased to warrant their sale at a reasonable market price, orchids will begin to pay in a commercial sense and will be fashion- able, but we will have to wait until that time arrives. In the event of the rose dropping out because of black spot or disease, the orchid would very probably be its successor. The President : The next question from the box is this : " Should not this Society take some action condemning the practice of rich men going into the business of raising cut flowers for the city market." The Chair calls upon Mr. ITexdrick to respond. Mr. James Hexdrick, of Albany, N. Y. : I prefer not to reply'; but, as it becomes my duty, I answer, most emphatically and decidedly, " no '' — a thousand times " no !" AVhat constitutes wealth ? Is it more than the result of accumulated labor, and which of you has not the same aims that the wealthy man has ? As long as God has given me a head to tliink and a two-handed estate to work with, what need I care for the man of Avealth in a country like this of ours, where com- petition will always bring to tlie front the best ? I have listened with much interest to-night to the various questions and the answers to them, and have kept quiet in listening to this reported evil of auction- ing plants off, and I ask, as Tweed once did, '' What are you going to do about it ? " If William B. Elliott was to cease to-morrow, others would rise in his place like mushrooms. If this Society condemns the auctioning of plants, and those engaged in that business should relin- quish it instantly, we should find, in less than six months from now, that the number of people engaged in and willing to sustain the prac- tice is fully equal to the number now engaged in it and who are op- posed to it. To modify evils of that character, we have to meet them like men. If the auctioneer is the best man to sell our product, let him sell it and be subject to private competition. All other classes of business are subject to the same competition. Wliat better is ours than theirs ? Submit to competition — the public will appreciate it. I have answered this question as well as I knew how. I noted with 72 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. pleasure the enthusiasm of my friend McCrone. Enthusiasm is one of the forces of nature. AVhat would business be, nay, what would the world be, wliat would this Society be, if deprived of enthusiasm ? While I may not approve of his theories, I would, in the strongest manner, exhort this Society to infuse as much enthusiasm as possil)le into all of its operations. AVhat I said this morning I now repeat: If you want to excel, do as Emerson advises — hitcli your wagon to a star and drive up to it. The President : The next question is, " What is the cause of the disease called ' club root ' on roses, and what is the remedy ? " Mr. J. N. May will kindly reply. Mr. John N. May, of Summit, N. J., resjDonded : It is caused by an insect wliich deposits its eggs on the roots, the deposits developing in what is known as " club root." The remed}^ is to clean out the old soil and substitute fresh maiden loam, taken from a place where no trees are growing. One word upon another sul)ject. Tlie rose is not tlie only plant in existence which is subject to black spot. In my experience, 1 have found orchids very much afflicted with that disease. (Merriment.) Tlie President (Inimorously): Gentlemen, I think tlie black spot is spreading very rapidlj^ ! On motion of Mr. Hendrick, the convention here adjourned until ten o'clock, a. m., on Fridaj^, 20th instant. Atlantic City, N. J., Thursday, August -?£*, 1886. The Society of American Florists arrived here on a pleasure excur- sion this morning, escorted by the Florists' Club of Philadelphia. Many of the visitors were accompanied by ladies, and their number was estimated to be six hundred and thirty-five. The United States Hotel was the head-quarters and place of rendezvous. The visitors occupied themselves in bathing, fishing, sailing, sight-seeing, and the other pastimes of a seaside resort. At noon the excursionists sat down to a lunch in the spacious din- ing-room of the United States Hotel. Mr. William F. Dreer, chair- man of the reception committee appointed by the Florists' Club of Philadelphia, made the following address : Ladies and Gentlemen : It gives me great pleasure, on behalf of the Florists' Club, of Philadelphia, to welcome you all to the " city by the sea." We are anxious that you should enjoy j^ourselves, and hope SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLOEISTS. 73 that the attractions of tliis resort will be sufficiejit to divert your minds from all business thoughts. They remove us temporarily, from business to soil, water, and wind, the three opposites to our pursuits ; but we hope that they will stimulate appetites such as only horticul- turists can enjo3^ We anticipate for you a promenade on the beach ; music in the pavilion ; a dip in the sea; and, by seven o'clock, p. m., a safe return to tlie City of Brotherly Love. Chairman Dreer further announced that no set toasts would be given, as it had been arranged to defer all speeches. He also stated that the ladies' local committee would hold a session to-morrow, 21st inst, at nine o'clock, a. 31., at the Colonnade Hotel, Philadelphia, and would escort their lady guests to Fairmount Park and other places of interest. The orchestra here began a series of performances, and the ban- queters x)roceeded to do justice to the feast set before them. The festivities terminated, and the excursionists took tlieir depar- ture at seven o'clock, for Philadelphia, which was reached at half past nine, p. m. SECOND DAY— Morning. Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia, Fridau, August 20, 1886. The convention re-assembled pursuant to the adjournment on the 18th instant, Mr. J. M. Jordan of St. Louis, Missouri, in the chair. President Thorpe, in an informal way, expressed the hope tliat all the ladies and gentlemen present had enjoyed themselves as he had on the Atlantic trip. He declared his firm belief that the day was the most enjoyable one of his life. The Chairman announced, as the first business in order, tlie selec- tion of a place for the next annual meeting. Mr. John Henderson, of Flushing, NeAv York, suggested that the meeting in 1887 be held at Chicago. Mr. Myron A. Hunt, of Chicago, cordially seconded the suggestion? and pleaded the claims to recognition to which he believed Chicago to he entitled at the hands of the Society of American Florists. He reminded the convention tliat two years ago last June, the Society had its birth in tliat city. Now, when it had developed into an in- 74 PROCEEDINGS OF bECOND CONVENTION. strumentality of great influence and usefulness, the Society should not deny to its foster-mother the gratification of embracing her own off spring. In behalf of the florists of Chicago, he urged the adoption of the proposition without dissent, and stated that he held in his hand a letter which he had received this morning from one of the repre- sentative men of Chicago, who was largely engaged in the business of floriculture, expressing regret in being unable to attend the con- vention at this time, and an assurance of his desire that the next annual meeting should be held in Chicago. Mr. C. B. AViiiTNALL, of Milwaukee, AVisconsin, supplemented the appeal just made by stating that many of the delegates from the North-West, m ho came from towns which did not possess the requisite facilities for accommodating the convention, would, with the consent of the Chicago delegates, gladly join hands with the latter in welcom- ing the Society at its next meeting. The CiiAiR:\rAX remarked that, as the apparent unanimity of senti- ment in favor of Chicago foreshadowed the selection of that city, he desired to say, on l)ehalf of St. Louis, he believed the visitors would be heartily welcomed, and tliat the delegations from Boston and all other points throughout the East would have an exceedingly pleasant experience if they would only come out and see their friends in the AYest. He added : Chicago and St. Louis are neighbors, close together, and have a common interest in each other's success. As you all know, we are always very friendly toward each other! (Great laughter.) Mr. James Hexdrick, of Albany, New York. It affords me great pleasure to enunciate the fact that the millenium is approaching, if we are not already in the midst of it. Chicago, St. Louis, and Mil- waukee join, and they join in inviting us to Chicago! Can we re- f u se ? No ! ( Applause. ) The Chairman here submitted the question to the convention, and it was determined by a unanimous vote to hold the next annual meet- ing in Chicago. The Chairman announced, as the next business, the election of of- ficers of the Society for the ensuing year, and invited nominations for the office of president. Mr. John N. May of Summit, New Jersey : I rise to nominate a gentleman of whom I can speak from actual personal observation in my association with him in a business way, and who, by reason of his general aptitude and experience, is eminently fitted to discharge the duties of the chief executive officer of this Society. I am confi- dent that when I mention it, all who hear his name will coincide with me in recommending him. He is a man of sterling worth, of indom- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 75 itable energy, and one who is untiring in his zeal for the promotion of tlie interests of this Society. I regret that business of a more tlian ordi- narily urgent character calls him from our midst this morning. Doubt- less you have all realized to whom I allude. He is to be found in the person of Mr. Robert Craig. Several delegates seconded the nomination. Mr. James Hendrick, of Albany, New York : I rise for the purpose of indorsing most cheerfully and emphatically every word that has been said to the credit, the renown, and the energy of Mr. Craig, of Philadelphia. But I would be false to j^ou, false to myself, and to my convictions if I did not say one word or two additional l)efore this election takes place, and I trust you will bear witli me if I try to be in order and not make my speech too long. Looking on the face of nature, every observer realizes how short the life of the alder is, and how long that of the oak is. We under- stand perfectly well the dilference between the annual and the per- ennial flower. That good old book pf ours tells us that grass lasts for a day. It is cut down and burned in the oven and is no more. On the face of all nature there is this constant change. There is no greater curse to the age in which we live than this constant desire for change in governmental offices. It is marked by defalcation in every prominent city. If that is so, is it not time, and is not the opportun- ity presented in the commencement of this Society, that we should lay our foundations deep and permanent, and not prone to the evils of constant change ? With tliis view, I propose just at this time, for the consideration of the Executive Committee entrusted with the man- agement of the affairs of this Society, that in arranging for its future officers, the provision be embodied in our rules that elective officers are eligible for re-election for a term not exceeding three years. In a society like this one. which is scarcely past the age of infancy, it would have afforded me pleasure to indorse the entire officers of the Society for at least another term. I would have done that under the conviction that I was serving the best interests of the organization in laying a foundation that would last longer than these gray hairs. But since the custom is otherwise, I am not here to oppose the nomination of Mr. Craig — I am here to second that — but I wish to put in the sug- gestion just here that the committee, at its next meeting, should con- sider whether the president, at least, should not only be eligible to reelection for three successive years, but should be elected for that term by a direct vote. The Chairman : The Chair pauses to hear any other name suggested for president. 76 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. A delegate here nominated Mr. John Thorpe. Mr. Thorpe : 1 am sorry to be obliged to decline the compliment — not that the office is distasteful to me, but because its duties are so arduous that I cannot possibly, in the future, give that attention to them which they ought to have. For this reason alone I must posi- tively decline the nomination. I tidnk that Mr. Craig is one of the most energetic and efficient men whom you could pick out of your body ; and I am pleased to say to you, gentlemen, that I am sure he will make a most excellent president, and a much better one proba- bly than I have been. The Chairman: Gentlemen, you have heard the declination of your president. I think that, unless there is objection, we will have to re- ceive his declination. Mr. Edwin Lonsdale, of Philadelphia : I nominate Mr. John Hen- derson, of Flushing, New York. Mr. John Henderson : I must decline the honor, for I feel that I could not undertake to discharge, the duties of the place. You are aware that I have been living a very active life for a number of years, and I now wish to enjoy the fruits of my labor and to take a little more leisure than I have yet l)een able to secure. For this reason I must respectfully, but emphatically, decline the honor. Mr. Thomas DeWitt, of Bristol, Pa.: I move that nominations for president now close. Adopted without dissent. On motion, the Secretary was directed to cast a ballot, as indicative of a unanimous vote for Robert Craig, of Philadelphia, for president for the ensuing vear. The secretary reported that the direction had been complied with, and the chairman made proclamation of the fact. The Chairman announced, as the next business, the election of a vice president at large. Mr. R. J. Halliday, of Baltimore, nominated J. C. Vaughan, of Chicago. Mr. J. M. Hicks, of Summit, N. J., nominated John N. May, of Summit, N. J. Mr. May : I thank the gentleman who has kindly nominated me. but I respectfully decline the honor, for the reason that I can do more good to the Society as a humble worker in the ranks, or as a " whip," if you like to call it that, than I could in any important office. Mr. Peter Henderson, of Jersey City, N. J., nominated Mr. J. M. Jordan, of St. Louis. The Chairman, (Mr. Jordan:) J. M. Jordan most emphatically de- SOCIETY OF AMEKICAN FLORISTS. i i clines. I have tlie honor to speak for him ! You have already nom- inated the right man, gentlemen, if I can speak for you. On motion, the nominations here closed, and the Secretary, in ac- cordance with a unanimous vote of the convention, cast a ballot for J. C. Yaughan, of Chicago, for the office of vice president. Mr. Yaughan was declared to have been elected. The Chairman invited nominations for the office of secretary. Mr. Henry A. Siebrecht, of Xew Rochelle, N. Y., nominated Mr. Edwin Lonsdale, of Philadelphia. Mr. E. G. Hill, (the Secretary:) I wish to second the nomination just made. I know of no one with more aptitude for, or better quali- fied to fill, this important position than Mr. Lonsdale. He has every qualification necessary, and, not only that, but he is known for his largeness of heart and soundness of judgment. I am sure jow will appreciate his ability, and that he will fill the office better than it has been filled in the past. I lieartily second the nomination. On motion, the nominations closed. On motion of Mr. James Hendrick, the Secretary was instructed, by a unanimous vote, to deposit the ballot of the association for Mr. Lonsdale, wlio was duly proclaimed to be the Secretary-elect. (Ap- plause.) The Chairman invited nominations for treasurer. Mr. Charles F. Evans, of Philadelphia, nominated Mr. Myron A. Hunt, of Chicago. The nomination was greeted with applause, and, being the only one made, was ratified bj^ a unanimous vote and a ballot deposited, as in the case of the otlier officers. The Chairman, (Mr. Jordan,) after announcing that the regular business of the morning session had been concluded, stated that he had been requested to occupy a portion of the brief interval preced- ing the exhibition to be given by Mr. Le Moult, the New York fiorist. He then went on to congratulate the convention, first, upon tlie glor- ious good time it was having in Philadelphia, and, next, upon the wonderful success which had attended the national organization of the American Florists from its inception. Starting about two years and a quarter ago, the idea of the organization being conceived in Chicago, the Society was brought into life in the great city of Cincin- nati, a city which, though not territorially as great as some, was emi- nent for the excellence of the tastes of its people, as shown by their appreciation of flowers and plants and their encouragement of the fine arts, such as painting, sculx)ture, and music. It might now be said that the organization of the Society had been christened in Philadel- 78 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. phia and at the " city by the sea." A jollification at the birth and a glorions christening having introdnced the Society to the notice of the country, he thought the organization should now begin to show its natural vigor and its capacity to accomplish results. He expected that next year it would go to Cliicago, that city of uprightness, hon- esty, and beauty, with all the enthusiasm and power of a young giant. He desired to repeat to his Eastern friends the remark made on the previous day by a gentleman from Chicago, when, for the first time, his attention was called to the glorious Atlantic, with its mighty bil- lows rolling into the shore. '' Yes, it is very fine," he observed, " but you ought to see Lake Michigan !" The delegates had now seen the Atlantic, but he (Mr. Jordan) wanted to say to them that they "ought to see Lake Michigan." Mr. Hunt expressed his appreciation of the compliment to Chicago which he had heard, and assured the convention of fair treatment in that city a year hence. The Chairman (President Thorpe in the chair) announced the ar- rival of the hour appointed for an exhibition by Mr. A. Le Moult, of New York city, of his handiwork in making cut-flower designs. He explained that this gentleman had kindly come from New York to give the convention an illustration of wliat he could do in floral work within a specified time. Mr. A. Le Moult here came forward, and was introduced by the Chair as a gentleman devoted to his profession and a prince among floral artists. He stated that he would accompany his work of making up floral designs in the most effective manner with suggestions for the development of the best taste, and would show how quickly, with plenty of flowers on hand, an order could be filled. [Note by the Secretary. — The exhil)ition here began with the receipt by Mr. Le Moult, through an imaginary telephone, of an order for an entirely new and original table decoration, to be presented to the So- ciety of American Florists, and to be ready for delivery at the expi- ration of one hour and a half from the receipt of the order. With a force of assistants on the stage and an abundance of fresh flowers, supplied b}'- the Philadelphia florists, the work of preparing the de- sign— a wheel of fortune — was instantly begun. Producing a wheel made from plain lumber, the floral work was executed skillfully in exactly one hour and twenty minutes. The design w^as three feet in height, and was surmounted by a cornucopia, with wings on each side of it. Pesting on a large base of ferns, smilax, and tropical plants, was an anchor attached to the design by a chain, (indicating SOCIhTY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 79 hope for the profession.) Later in the day, the "wheel of fortune '' was presented to Mr. George W. Childs, of Philadelphia, at his country- seat at '^ Wootton."] Mr. Le Moult also exhibited a floral design of a lion, (full-size,) which he said was intended to represent the retiring President, Mr. Thorpe. He remarked : '' I had in mind the making of a floral por- trait of Mr. Thorpe, but found I could not bring his features out cor- rectly, and, as he is ' the lion of the hour,' this design may be taken as a representation of him." Seven additional designs were presented, these representing a full- sized pony, the yacht Galatea^ the steamer Amerique, a train-man's lantern, a scroll containing names of deceased members, viz : W. T. Bennett, H. J. Sackersdorfl", and J. Y. Murkland, and a miniature gondola, (much in demand for children's parties in New York.) Mr. Le Moult made remarks, at different times, as follows : " That, in executing an elaborate piece of work at short notice, it was most essential for the florist to have confidence in the ability and fidelity of his assistants ; that ordinarily he did not come in contact with the flower-growers, as he dealt with the commission men ; that, as a rule, the florists who had achieved success were those wlio had been edu- cated in the profession and possessed a natural affinity for flowers." At this point, the exhibition closed with a round of applause. SECOND DAY— Afternoon. WooTTON, Montgomery County, Pa. Having accepted the invitation of Mr. George W. Childs, of Phila- delphia, to visit him at his country-seat, the members of the Society. many of Avhom were accompanied by their Avives or others of their families, arrived here by rail to Bryn Mawr, and thence by teams or on foot. After leisurely strolling througli the farmer's cottage, the circular spring-house, the green-houses, and making a circuit of the extensive grounds surrounding Mr. Childs' mansion, the visitors finally sought shelter from the heat of the sun in the grove on the premises. In this delightful place, the visitors iDartook of a collation and were entertained with vocal music by the "Keystone Male Quartette." Finally the notes of a cornet commanded attention, A\'hen the follow- ing formalities took place : Mr. Thomas Meehan, editor of the Gardeners^ Monthly^ Pliiladelphia, mounting a rustic bench at the foot of an oak, welcomed the visitors as follows : 80 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. Ladies and Gentlemen of the Society of American Florists^ and of the Florists' Cluh of Philadeljihia : I have had the honor placed upon me by my friend, Mr. Cliilds, of tendering yon his sincere thanks ibr 3^onr presence here tliis afternoon, and his cordial welcome to these grounds; I would say, if I did not feel that I was speaking in a measure for him — and I am sure you would pardon me for saying it — these beautiful grounds. It is his wish that you make yourselves here entirely at home. He believes that his fellow-citizens have en- deavored to make your stay as pleasant and comfortable to you as possible, and that, when you return to your homes, you will take with you pleasurable recollections of wliat you have seen and experienced here ; and lie liopes that, in the distant future, when looking back upon your visit to Phihidelphia, you will not forget the pleasant after- noon you sjjent with him here on these grounds. Ladies and gentlemen, it seems to have been a happy thought which suggested to you to hold your meeting in Philadelphia on this the sec- ond anniversary of the birth of your association; for it has been found by experience that horticulture in connection with Philadelphia auspices has always been a permanent success. Your meeting here, therefore, may be considered as an augury of a long-continued career of prosperity. You may remember that the first botanic garden in the United States that was establislied b}'" an American, was estab- lished in Philadelphia by John Bartram ; that the oldest horticultural society in the United States is still in existence in this city; and that (although, perhaps, in making this statement I may be charged with a lack of modesty) the oldest existing horticultural journal in the United States is i)ublished in this city ; so that I may feel safe in say- ing that your having met in this " city of brotherly love " is a happy augury of the permanent success of your organization. I may further observe, in connection with that phrase " brotherly love," that it does seem that the old adage that " two of a trade can- not agree" is not correct so far as it applies to florists; for they have alwaj^s, in a measure, had cause to realize that fraternal feeling and brotherlj" love are intimately associated with the cultivation of flowers. So far as Philadelphia itself is concerned, I am satisfied that no small share of the pleasure which its citizens enjoy is derived from the general and widespread love of flowers and gardening which pre- vails everywhere about this city. It is eminentl}^ appropriate, there- fore, that our citizens, who have found so much pleasure and relaxa- tion in horticultural pursuits, should welcome the members of the So- ciety of American Florists, who have done so much throughout the SOCIETr OF AMEEICAN FLORISTS. 81 United States to foster a love for the art of gardening and the culture of flowers. I can safely say, for the proprietor of these beautiful grounds, that he, at least, has derived no inconsiderable comfort and happiness from gardening and kindred pursuits ; and the grounds which you see around you furnish abundant illustrations of his high appreciation of the art which it is your good fortune to cherish and promote. These magnificent grounds were, but a few years ago, woods and cornfields ; but, by recourse to your art, and Avith the aid of brains and money, the face of nature has been gradually improved until it presents the beautiful garden which you behold to-day. We have with us, this afternoon, the landscape gardener, Mr. Miller, by wJiom Wootton was laid out, and, if time and opportunity permitted, he would be glad, I have no doubt, to give you some description of the way in which this labor and money were expended. I have merely referred to this, however, to impress more forcibly upon you an idea of the extent to which the proprietor of these grounds is indebted to the art in the pursuit of which you are engaged. As I have said, the sentiment of brotherly love is one that is indis- solubl}'^ interwoven with the florist's art. I do not know of any trade or professsion in which so much of good feeling exists . between the members of it as that of the florists. It has not, however, if classical history tells the truth, always been thus; and, while on that subject, permit me to recall a fable which may be familiar to some of you. It may have been a myth, but I refer to it because it Avill illustrate the origin of this feeling of brotherly love which pervades all followers of horticultural pursuits. Though descriptive of what is said to have occurred two or three thousand years ago, the lesson which it incul- cates is, nevertheless, just as fresh as it would be if tliat which is de- scribed had occurred to-day. The story runs that the first person to engage in putting up flowers was a young lady named Glyzera, the daughter of a Grecian citizen. I suppose she was handsome — for all ladies who put up flowers are accorded to be handsome ! She made garlands and wreaths, and the Grecians saw how handsome was her work, and competed with each other for the honor of placing on the heads of their heroes in the Parthian games the garlands made by Glyzera. Finally, there came along a young man from Byzantium (now Constantinople) Avho thought that he could do anything that he tried to do — no doubt a father of the modern Yankee ! — and, not having the gallantry of a modern florist, he undertook to start business against Glyzera. He succeeded in carrying on the business of making wreaths to so great an extent that he got, at least, the poets' trade, who found that the work put up by the new comer. Lychnis, was superior to the G 82 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. work put up by Glyzera. The result was that Glyzera became jealous. This ought to cast doubt on the truth of the story ; I do not believe that, for I do not think that the ladies who go into the business of ar- ranging flowers do get jealous ! But that is the way the story goes. We are told that Glyzera had a lover, (Satyrion,) to whom she intimated that her competitor was a pretty bad sort of a fellow, and ought to be put out of the way ; and her lover, taking the hint more seriously than was intended, murdered the unsuspecting Lychnis. The poets, so the story goes, felt very much annoyed that one who had succeeded in business and had treated them well should be disposed of in such a summary manner, and they appealed to Apollo to punish the lady who had been the means of the young man's destruction. What did the gods do '^ They turned Lychnis into a flower. The story goes that the " florist's pink," a beautiful carnation, sprang up from his blood right on the place where the young man fell. Glyzera was to be pun- ished by being compelled to use the carnation in hor garlands. The carnation, with its fragrance and its sweetness, became a competitor of the rose, and forever afterwards Glyzera was doomed to learn to love, through this flower, the one she had despised — to learn the lesson of brotherly love — by taking her former competitor as one of the es- sential ingredients in forming her garlands of flowers. So that, it seems to me, the reason why fraternal feeling is always noticeable among florists may be from the will of the gods, wlio would not coun- tenance ill-will. But this is not the time to go into reasons as to wliy we are so friendly together ; the fact is enough. The reference to brotherly love caused me to think of the old story. I have now only to repeat, on behalf of the owner of these grounds, that I hope, in the future, when you come to think of the pleasures you have had in your intercourse with the citizens of Philadelphia, and in connection with Philadelphia gardening, not the least among the bright spots in the retrospect of pleasure will be your visit to these beautiful grounds to -da}'". Mr. James Hendrick, of Albany, New York, responded on behall of the guests. He said : Mr. Childs : I appear before you, sir, to thank you from the bottom of my heart for the kindness with which you have received us this day, and to assure you of our sincere appreciation of your hospitality in inviting us to be present on these grounds. It was the royal prophet of a peculiar people who cried out with his prophetic voice and repeated in ecstasies of joy, ^ Unto us a child is born — unto us a son is given." May I not, without irreverence, on behalf of the American Florists, exclaim to-day, " Unto us a Child SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 83 is born," and his name is George William? Am I not right in think- ing that this "Child" has so grown that his name and his fame have become household words, not only in Bryn Mawr and in Philadelphia, but in all the United States ? Am I not right in saying that wherever poverty was present he never closed his hand ? Am I not right in declaring that when victor}^ perched upon the banners of the great captain of our armies, there was no man in the United States so near to him as was George W. Childs? [Three rounds of cheers for Mr. Childs were here given witli great cordiality.] Am I not right in as- serting that when a gloomj^ cloud appeared upon the horizon of that great captain's life and he seemed appalled under the load imposed upon him, and when false friends sought to pull him down, George W. Ohilds assured him, "I am here at your back?" [Applause.] Then, gentlemen, if I am right in my thoughts and utterances, it fol- lows that you are to-day associated with a man whose personal record is as honorable as that of any man whom I can name. [" Our next President " and long-continued cheers.] AVhether he be President or not, he lives in the esteem of every patriot, he lives in the affection of every good-minded man in the community. [Applause.] Let me say to you, Mr. Childs, that you have done well in extend- ing your invitation to the American florists. We belong, sir, to a very ancient tribe. My good friend tliere (Mr. Meelian) spoke about the woman who made the first garland. Does he not know that the only business on this earth which is of Divine origin is that which God created wlien He commissioned man to superintend the garden which He Himself had planted? Does he not remember that we, as earth's artists, had been commissioned by God for His own work, and that we were not to beautify the lily, nor to paint the rose, nor to tint na- ture with unnatural crimson, but that, having given us brains, He works through us and makes this garden of ours like a paradise? My friends, if I am right in the few remarks I have made, we are entitled to feel that this gentleman, in the hospitality he has extended to us, has by his association with us made us better men. In going hence from Wootton, this place at one time a corn-field, but now so beautified by art that it presents a scene of beauty which, in my judg- ment, is unequaled, let us go from it pledging ourselves and i)ledging each other that we shall be better men and better women and better citizens, and have a more friendly regard for our entire race. Gentle- men, on your behalf I have said these few words. Here is the man (indicating Mr. Childs) to whom your thanks are due. His spokesman has spoken well. Let us wish that our host, when his work is done, when 84 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. the earth is vanishing from his sight, when he is called up before that great, high throne, the welcome will be given him, " Here is the Child who has been a source of great comfort and blessing to many a man." [The speaker here retired amid a chorus of cheers, which seemed to rustle the leaves of the trees overhead.] Mr. Meehan here announced : Ladies and Qentlemen: Mr. Childs, overwhelmed hj the cordiality oi" your greeting, desires me to say that he will be pleased to shake hands with you, if you will pass by him in this direction. I hoi)e you will accord him I hat gratification. A RECEPTION. At this point, the visitors filed along the pathway, and each in turn grasped the extended hand of Mr. Childs, being introduced by the Secretary of the Society, Mr. E. G. Hill, of Indiana, and Mr. William F. Dreer, of the reception committee of the Philadelphia Florists' Club. The hand-shaking and reception formalities continued for thirty minutes ; after which, when Mr. Childs and a portion of the guests had retired, impromptu remarks were made by Col. Fitzgerald and John W. Frazier, Esq., of Philadelphia, who concurred in sug- gesting the propriety of naming a new flower in honor of the host, the •' George AV. Childs." The hour was uoavso late that the formal speaking here terminated. On their way to the exits fi'om the grounds, the visitors paused on the terrace in front of the mansion of Mr. Childs, and were photographed in a group. With expressions of good-will and rounds of hearty cheers for their generous host, the assemblage, after having spent a most en- joyable afternoon, made its way to the waiting trains and returned to the city. SECOND DAY— Evening. Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia, Friday, August 20, 1886. The convention re-assembled at a quarter to nine, p. 3i., when a re- cess of fifteen minutes was taken to permit members to examine ex- hibits in the lower hall. ~ The session was resumed at nine o'clock, p. m.. President Craig in the chair. The President announced as the first business the presentation of a report on hail insurance by Mr. J. H. Taylor, of Bayside, New York, the secretary of the committee on that subject. Mr. J. H. Taylor came forward and read the report prepared b}^ him. «It was received Avith much interest. It is as follows : SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 85 Ladies and Gentlemen: The following work has been accomplished by your committee during the year: Immediately after the adjournment of the Society meeting at Dayton, a meet- ing of the Committee on Hail was held, and Mr. John Js . May was elected chair- man. It was then decided by your committee to see what rates, if any, could be had from the already existing insurancecompanies, and, failing in this, to sub- mit to you some plan for mutual protection. Your committee proceeded at once to place the matter before the insurance companies. Presidents and agents were interviewed, and in New York it was placed before the board of under- writers. We were informed that nothing could be done in the matter, unless exact data were furnished, that they miglit judge whetlier it would pay them or not to touch it. As it would involve a large expenditure of money to issue circulars to all own- ers of glass in this country, tlie matter was submitted to the Executive Committee of the Society, at Pliiladelphia, in November. It was tliere decided by the Ex- ecutive Committee tliat the Society would not be warranted, at tlie i)resent stage, to spend the amount of money required for that purpose. Mr. Vaughan, how- ever, generously offered tiie medium of his paper, calling on all those interested to notify us as to what they would do in the matter. We thus hoped to get the desired information, but the result obtained was very discouraging. It is as follows : Total number of replies received, 26 Total number wanting insurance, 25 Total number replying in negative, 1 Total number of square feet given, 46,330 Total amount of insurance wanted, $9,580 Only tln-ee did not give tlie amount they wished to insure for, and four did not mention the number of square feet they owned. This, of course, is a very incomplete report, and it would be impossible to base any calculations on it. The best result so far obtained in giving us some idea of the matter was in Cincinnati, on the train to Dayton, by Mr. F. R. Pierson, of Tarry town, N. Y., who went through the train submitting the following ques- tion : " That if a satisfactory arrangement could be made with an insurance com- pany already established, would you insure V" He received tifty-two replies, which were as follows: Answered in the affirmative, 36 Answered in the negative, 16 Total number of square feet in the affirmative, 675,200 Total number of square feet in the negative, 521,000 Difference in favor of insurance, 154,200 This shows that most of the large establishments are willing to take their own risk, and that the smaller favor insurance against hail. Our chairman has called four genei'al meetings, besides personal work having been done by all the mem- bers of the committee. The results obtained would tend to show that a mutual association might be 86 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. successfully formed, and secondly, that nothing can be done at present with the insurance companies already established. We, tiierefore, not having been able to accomplish anything with insurance men, submit to you a plan for a mutual protective association. The Chairman: You have heard the report of the Secretary. If there is no objection, it will be filed as received, and entered on the minutes. • An additional report from the chairman of the committee, Mr. May, will now l)e submitted by that gentleman. Mr. John N. May, of Summit, N. J., upon coming forward, said: Ladies and Gentlemeu : I hold in mj^ liand a statement of a plan of hail insurance which, I think, as far as I have been able to study it, is about the most feasible that I have been able to get at — assuming that it will contain some few alterations and corrections which have occurred to me. It is the plan of Mr. John G. Esler, of Saddle River, N. J. I will read it just as I received it from him, and then afterwards read the additions and alterations which I suggest. Mr. May here read two papers, the first of which was the plan sub- mitted by Mr. Esler. Tiie other, under the head of " Hail Insurance,'' contained the alterations, etc., of Mr. Esler's plan which were suggested by Mr. May. (Note. — Attached to the papers were communications from Mr. Lothrop White, from The American Architect and Building News., from a report by the Fargo Insurance Company, of Fargo, Dakota.) The papers as submitted are as follows : MR. JOHN G. KSLER'S PLAN. Saddle River, N. J., August.. 1S8G. Mr. J. N. May, Sir: In reply to yours, I respectfully submit to the Hail Committee of the So- ciety of American Florists the following plan of mutual hail insurance : Kesolved, That a mutual hail insurance comi)any be organized, to be known as the Florists' National Hail Insurance Company. The offict^rs of such company to be a president, vice ]nesident, secretary, and treasure; also a board of directors of not less than five, to be chosen each year by general election. Duties of Officers. — The president shall preside over all meetings of the com- pany, or its officers, and he shall inspect the yearly accounts of the secretary and treasurer. The vice president shall perform the duties of the president in his absence. The secretary shall record tlie name of each member in a book provided for the purpose, together with the number of square feet of glass insured by each, and the amount paid the treasurer for sucii insurance, and also in case of loss, he shall record the number of square feet of glass broken, and the amount of loss paid, togetlier with the date of the payment of the claim, and, if correct, he shall countersign properly filed claims for loss, before mailing them to the treas- urer, and he shall have power to investigate concerning any proof of loss which SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 87 he may suspect to be fraudulent, at the expense of the company. The secretary shall also notify each member when an assessment is levied, and at the annual meetinf? lie shall report to the president tlie number of members in the company, the number of square feet of glass insured, tlie amount received by the treasurer for such insurance, tlie number of losses by hail, the quantity of glasS destroyed, and the amount paid for sucli losses. He siiall also furnish blanks for the proof of loss, and all other blanks that may be necessary to prosecute the business of the company. Tiie secretary shall file all applications for membership in his office. Tiie treasurer shall have charge of the funds of the company, and shall ac- knowledge the receipt of money forwarded by members, and shall report to the secretary tlie name of each member, the number of feet of glass insured by each, and the amount of money received from each member ; and he shall pay from the funds in his hands such losses as shall be properly proved and filed with tiie sec- retary, after such proof has been countersigned and recorded by that official. Tlie proof of loss shall be filed by the treasurer as a record. He shall also render an annual report to the president and board of directors, at the yearly meeting of the company. He shall also notify the secretary when an assessment is neces- sary, and shall pay to the secretary every three months tlie dues which he has collected for that official. Meetings.— T\ie ofticers of the company shall hold a yearly meeting at the same time and place as the meeting of the Society of American Florists, at which meet- ing the secretary and treasurer shall render their annual reports to the president. The officers of the company, at their yearly meeting, shall have power to pro- pose changes of the by-laws, to be reported to the annual meeting of the mem- bers of the comiiany, which meeting shall be held at the same time and place as the meeting of the Society of American Florists. Atembership. — Application for a membership shall be accompanied by a dia- gram showing the length and width of houses, and giving length of sash in each house, and specifying the number of square feet of glass to be insured. Any person paying tiie sum of one dollar ($1.00) may become a member of the Florists' National Hail Insurance Company, together with twenty-five (25) cents as a fee to the secretary for recording his name and filing application ; but to receive benefit for loss by hail, each member shall pay one dollar ($1.00) for every one thousand (1,000) square feet of glass, or fraction thereof, in his green-houses, (ori if this is thought too high a rate, being the rate of two per cent, per year, I pro- pose a rate of one per cent, per year for actual value insured,) and for every square foot of glass broken by hail, he shall receive the sum of five cents ; or, if double-thick glass, at the rate which he is insured for; and to retain mem- bership shall pay whatever assessment is requisite pro rata with all otlier policy- holders, to keep the reserve fund at one thousand dollars ($1,000) in the treas- urer's hands. Proof of Loss. — Within ten days after a loss by hail, the secretary must be noti- fied of such loss, and claim for damages must be filed with that officer within thirty days after such loss. The proof of loss shall be by his own affidavit, and that of two disinterested persons not in the employ of the loser, to be sworn to before a notary public or a justice of the peace, and if taken by the latter officer, then the certificate of the county clerk of the county in which he resides shall be appended. No damages shall be paid for glass destroyed by elements other than hail. O PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. The treasurer shall pay all claims for loss within ten days after tlie secretary shall send liim a properly filed claim of damages, countersigned as being correct. Asft-iron as a safe-guard against acci- dent, while tlie majority of water-boilers are of cast-iron. Xow, if tliese boil- ers were kept in constant use, they would be alike durable, but when not in use the wrought-iron will rust out very rapidly, especially where soft coal has been used that contained siili)hur. In this case, the flues of a wrought-iron boiler will not last more tiian three or four years, while a cast-iron boiler is good for many years. 1 have now a cast boiler in good condition that has been in use for twelve years, while a wrought-boiler I had made as an experiment was useless after the third season. 10. — COST OF JUEL. The difference between tiie cost of fuel by the two systems is so little that ac- tual experiments, conducted in the most careful manner, only will tell the amount. To decide this, the same boiler must be used, the same houses heated, with the same man to do the firing in an impartial manner, and the same weather must be met. Until this test is made, A will tell C his steam system used less coal than B"s hot-water, and B will tell C how little fuel he used for his hot-water heating, in comparison with A's coal-eating steam works. 11. — HOT-WATER UNDER PRESSURE. Advocates of steam claim for their system quicker heat and higher tempera- ture than can be had by hot water. This is a mistake. Give water the same pressure as steam, use small pipes, and iiot water pos- sesses the same capacity as steam. The pipes will be just as hot and circulation just as rapid as steam. It, furthermore, has the advantage of circulating at a 110 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. lower temperature, and retaining heat for double tlie time that steam can. For tliose wlio desire liigh temperature, we can recommend tliis plan as possessing many advantages over steam. We shall be pleased at any time to explain this system more fully to those wiio are unacquainted witii the laws governing high pressure water lieat, and desire furtiier information on the subject. 12.— CONDITION OF PLANTS — STEAM VCTSUS HOT WATER. Is a higli temperature conducive to perfect health and sturdy growth of bed- ding plants ? We say no ; and the florist, in spring, will tell you Ins cold pit sheltered Ins best plants. Does a high temperature produce the best flowers? We say no ; the florist that studies natureand adopts her plans is most successful. Does nature produce lier best flowers under the seorcliing rays of a .July sun ? Are not her delicate ferns and most luxuriant foliage raised in cool retreats— 'neath shading bouglis ? Mild, balmy spring brings forth the rose in her beauty, wdiich lingers till sum- mer's fevered breatli blasts her loveliness. Then a struggling life she leads till autumn's dewy nights bring refresliing balm that starts anew the stagnated cur- rent, and with life renewed, the queen of flowers is seen in all her glory. This is the lesson nature teaches: 8i)ring and fall are the seasons for flowers. Summer's heat brings tlie fruit. AVe are florists, and if we would liave flowers, we must maintain in our liouses a steady temperature at a medium degree, and avoid sudden changes. Tliis condition every florist knows can better be obtained by large pipes fllled with water at a moderate temperature tlian by small pipes filled with volatile steam at a burning heat, liable in one siiort hour to become cold as death. A temperature conducive to man's health is the proper one for plants. The celebrated Dr. Mussey, of Cincinnati, who wrote me last fall in relation to hot- water apparatus for his dwelling-house, says hot-air furnances and steam iieat- ers can be placed in tlie same category, and neitlier are tlie proper system with which to heat a dwelling. Tlie only proper heat, outside of the old-fashioned wood fire-place, is found in the hot- water system. I liave received several let- ters from florists wlio now use steam, tiiat express tlieir determination to return to hot water, both for convenience's sake and general results. In conclusion, we will advise the florists who wish to heat under five thousand feet of glass with one fire, to use hot water with four-inch pipes and an open tank. Tiiose who have more than that quantity to heat with one fire, should use hot water under pressure in two-inch wrougiit-iron pipes. A little closer at- tention is required to keep the heat up, but the system is much less confusing tlian steam. The President : Before proceeding with the discussion of this ques- tion, we will hear from the opposite side of tlie issue, viz : an essay by Mr. J. H. Taylor, of Bayside, New York, on ''The Advantages of Steam over Hot Water for Heating Purposes." THE ADVANTAGES OF STEAM OVER HOT WATER. I have been asked to champion steam-heating for green-house purposes, and I shall endeavor to give you a fair and impartial review of the subject from a grower's stand-point, not from tlie scientist's view, as the space allowed is lim- ited, and the theoretical portion has been most ably treated by Mr. A. B. Fowler, SOCIETY OP AMERICAN FLORISTS. Ill in a recent article written by Iiim. I shall endeavor to show the working of steam- heating as applied to our purposes, that you may form your own opinions. In order to elucidate my subject more clearly, I shall take it up under different heads. CAN PLANTS BE GROWN AS WELL BY THE SYSTEM OF STEAM HEAT AS BY THAT OF HOT WATER V I answer most decidedly in the aflirmative, and go a step further and hold that they can be better grown. This is owing to the fact of having the temperature and moisture entii'ely under control during the winter months. Therefore, the grower using steam to heat his houses lias this advantage over the one using hot water, that lie is not as dependent on the outside conditions of the atmosphere. Having the heat under sucli perfect control, it is possible to fire early and late in the fall, and, if necessary, during the summer months. This is highly impor- tant to the grower of stove plants as well as of roses. Tiiis can be accomplished from the fact that steam-pipes radiate heat immediately upon tlie steam being turned into them, and cool in fifteen minutes after it has been shut off. CONVENIENCE OF HANDLING. Again, only one or more boilers are required in places heated by steam. With very little trouble or expense, it is possible to make a wood or light coal fire and run steam through the green-house, and. when no longer required, it can be shut off immediately. An inch-and-a-tiuarter pipe with steam at low i)ressure circu-. latiiig through it, on a rainy day, will not materially raise the temperature, but will, by leaving a little air on at the ventilators, change the atmosphere, thus preventing all forms of fungi wliich breed in a warm and muggy one. In this way, also, fumes of sulphur can be given during any season of the year. Another advantage that steam possesses is that of being able to heat green- houses in the coldest climate to any desired degree. Owing to the requisite size of pipe for hot-water heating, there is a limit to the piping of a house, whereas with steam this is not tlie case. COST OF FUEL, ETC. The next important consideration is that of fuel. I have tried to get some exact data to lay before you bearing on tliis point, but without much success. An accurate comparison of heating between tlie establishments of different growers is very difficult to draw, owing to construction, location, aspect, and stock raised. Just wliat allowance to make for the influence of any of these conditions it is, of course, impossible to estimate, and an absolute comparison of fuel cannot be obtained. I can, however, give you my own experience, which shows a decided saving of fuel between the two systems of heating. Since using steam, we have added seven thousand live hundred square surface feet of glass. Our consumption of fuel during the past live years has been as follows: During the year 1879-80, with hot-water piping, four hundred tons of coal were con- sumed; in 1880-81, four hundred tons; in 1881-82, using both steam and hot water, four hundred and twenty-five tons, (this was owing to our havhig a larger steam boiler than was necessary ;) in 1882-83, using steam alone and with an ad- dition of two thousand four hundred square feet of glass, we burned three hun- dred tons; in 1883-84, three hundred and twenty-five tons; in 1884-85, three hundred and tiiirty-five tons; in 1885-86, three hundred and seventy tons, with an addition of five thousand one hundred square feet of glass. 112 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. During the first two of these years, we raised almost exclusively bedding stuff, but gradually filled the houses with tea roses and carnations, and during last winter we I'an two houses of lilacs, which we maintained at eighty degrees. Thus tlie stock whicli Ave have raised latterly has required a much higiier tem- perature, and we can still show a saving. COMPARATIVE FIRST COST. The first cost is by no means a small consideration, and here again steam has the advantage. The cost of heating a house two hundred by sixteen feet by hot water would be, exclusive of the items of cliiraney, etc., six hundred and eighty- four dollars. To heat the same house by steam would cost five hundred and sixty-seven dollars. We, therefore, iiave a saving in the first instance of one hundred and seventeen dollars. On a larger range, jthe saving would be even greater, not only in the same ratio, lut on account of boilers, for large steam boilers cost less tlian several iiot-water boilers. Thus, a man putting up, for in- stance, six houses two hundred feet long would save on tlie first cost, at the same ratio, seven hundred and two dollars, but actually even more. A comparison of cost of the boilers on my place will give us an approximate understanding of the matter. Our old hot-water boilers cost, at the market price, three tliousand nine hundred dollars ; our present steam boilers cost one thousand nine hundred dol- lars. Here alone we show a saving of two thousand dollars, and if we add to that the difference in the cost of pipe, a saving in the first cost over hot water of thirty per cent, would be a mild statement. FURTHER ECONOMY. There are other reasons wiiy steam, properly put in, should be more economical than hot water; not because more heat is made from a pound of coal, but from the metliod of applying tlie heat. Hot water boilers, as a rule, lose a large per- centage of their heat up the chimney ; it is not as tlioroughly utilized as in steam. Again, it is necessary to fire with hot water at times when the steam boilers could be banked, in order to keep the water hot for any emergency. Another point which saves coal in steam heating is the fact that when the lieat is not needed, it can be shut off. This is a thing impossible to do with the hot water boiler on a cold day. These are probably the main reasons why a saving of fuel is obtained. HIGH PRESSURE verSUS LOW. ' For our purpose, tiie low-pressure system of heating is decidedly the best. In the first place, it requires less attention ; unskilled labor can be employed, and, witli ordinary care, we have absolute safety. On the other hand, high pressure requires a good engineer, constant watching, and, therefore, the risk that the man in charge may fall asleep, the water get low in the boilers, and the man, green-houses and boilers be things of the past. There are a few essential points regarding a proper low-pressure apparatus which I would call your attention to : First. Ample boiler capacity. Second. A main large enough to convey the "required volume of steam with little friction. Third. To have the pipes so laid that water, starting from the highest point of the main steam pipe, after leaving the boiler, will return, by gravity, to the same; not to have any pockets along the route, and to have a good drip from the circula- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 113 tions to the return main, the same to be connected to the main return independ- ently of one another. Thus, all snapping and banging will be avoided, as should and would be tlie case in perfect steam work. If all green-houses heated by steam were properly piped, and had ample boiler capacity, we should not hear about the failure of this method of heating as ap- plied to green-houses. Everytliing considered, it seems to be the best method known of heating. It has its defects, but its advantages are so numerous that when it is better under- stood, and growers and help find means of remedying the former, it will undoubt- edly be the system most used until science suggests something else. When we take into consideration the fact that steam for heating green-houses has only been tested for a few years, the number of places so lieated already speak loudly in its favor. The President : The subject is now open for discussion. Remarks on the advantages of hot water over steam are first in order. Mr. Peter Henderson moved that the remarks be limited to ten minutes. Adopted. Mr. C. B. Whitnall, of Milwaukee, here remarked that Mr. Taylor, in his essay, had asserted that a large number of hot-water boilers were required to take the place of a steam boiler, but had not given the reason for it. Mr. Taylor : It depends, of course, upon the extent of the area covered by your glass. Thus far, I have failed to see a hot-water boiler that would heat fifty thousand square feet of glass. It w^ould take from twelve to eighteen hot-water boilers to do that. We have had on our place eighteen hot-water boilers. Mr. J. M. Jordan, of St. Louis, advised those of his hearers whose hot-water apparatus was doing well to continue its use, and those who were about to put in an entirely new plant, to decide for themselves upon tlie relative merits of hot water and steam by a personal inspec- tion of the two methods. The jjoint was one upon which it was diffi- cult to give advice, and he thought it was equally inadvisable for the Society to commit itself in favor of either method. By way of cor- recting possible misapprehensions, he suggested that the allusion of Mr. Carmody to the temperature of a steam furnace, which that gen- tleman had stated at nine hundred degrees of heat, should be stated more specifically, so as to show that units, not degrees, of heat were referred to ; also that an exaggeration had occurred in Mr. Taylor's estimate of the cost of heating a green-house Avith hot water. He said that that gentleman had put the cost of the apparatus for a house of two hundred and twenty feet in width at about $1,000, but, in point of fact, a boiler with a capacity to heat a greater space could be pur- chased for a less sum than the one named. So far as the utility and healthfulness of green-house heating ^vas concerned, the speaker was 8 114 PROCEEDINGS OP SECOND CONVENTION. unable to see that there was practically much diiFerence between hot water and steam, though he had no doubt that in a large place, situ- ated as was that of Mr. Taylor's, heat could be secured more econ- omically by the use of steam. Mr. Taylor replied that his figures were $684 for a house of two liundred and twenty feet long. Mr. S. C. Moon, of Morrisville, Pa.: There is one point in favor of hot-water boilers which, I think, has been omitted. I think when you have fifty or eighty thousand feet of glass, and have but one boiler, your whole place is liable to be completely frozen up in case that boiler happens to break down or give way on a cold night ; whereas, if the same amount of glass is heated by several hot- water boilers in operation, the danger I have suggested is less than it would be with the use of steam, as only one boiler is liable to give out at a time. Therefore, it would be an advantage, instead of a disadvantage, to have a number of boilers. Mr. Taylor : I think the gentleman (Mr. Moon) is quite right about that, but that very thing can be done by steam ; in fact, most of the large places heated by steam have two or more boilers. Additional safety is thus assured, and in moderate weather only one boiler need be used. Mr. T. Edwards, of Bridgetoii, N. J., here rose to speak in behalf of the hot water side of the question, but was ruled out of order by the Chair, as the ensuing ten minutes had been appropriated for the use of the advocates of steam. Mr. J. Y. Smith, of Doylestown, Pa., said that a ten-minute limit upon an old man like himself, who moved slowly, would not i^ermit him to say much. He referred to the discovery of the power of steam in the raising of the lid of a tea-kettle, and to the development of that power in the low-pressure engine, the condensing engine, and the steam-boat engine. He said he had in use in his green-houses a boiler which he had purchased from the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, and had known of for nearly thirty years. Its cost was one hundred dollars, and he knew from experience that it had kept up the circulation of steam throughout his green-houses for about nine hours daily without attention. His green-houses were eight in number, and of these four were two hundred and fifty feet, and four were one hundred and twenty-five feet in length. He continued : I am not a florist, but do pretend to be an engineer. The boiler which I have in use was condemned and thrown out, but I may con- tinue to use it during my lifetime. It has already lasted many years, I have another boiler, purchased in Philadelphia, which, I was told. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 115 had been in use for many years in heating honses or hotels. I am not a practical man in the cultivation of flowers, though I have served four years' apprenticeship in the business. I am using the refuse coal, which costs very little, delivered in Doylestown. With respect to the pipes, I would say that it is one of the simplest things in the world to secure a perfect circulation in a green-house ; but, if you do not have a perfect circulation, the heating of jonr houses will prove quite ex- I)ensive. If you have to force your water up hill, whether by pump- ing or other means, it will cost you a great deal of money. The speaker urged the importance of a projjer arrangement of the heating pipes in a green-house. Mr. Peter Henderson, of Jersey City, N. J. : Two j^ears ago I built a house three hundred and fifty feet long and twenty feet wide for the special purpose of enabling me to compare the relative merits of steam and hot water. In this house I placed tw^o boilers for steam, which were almost identical in size with two boilers I had in a house of exactly similar dimensions, which was heated by hot water. My object was to decide the point whether there was any ditference in the growth of plants in either case. I found that, in our season's trial, there was no difference whatever that I could detect. The plants grown in the steam house, wliich were roses, were just as good as those grown in the house in which hot water was used. In the cost of fuel we found the test to be a very satisfactory one. In the steam boiler pit we placed four measured tons of coal, and in the hot water boiler pit the same quantity. When the coal was exhausted in the hot water boiler pit, we found that we had one ton remaining in the steam boiler pit. To further test the matter, we placed three tons in the steam boiler pit, and again four tons in the hot water boiler pit. When this was exhausted in the hot water pit, we again found one ton left in the steam boiler pit — showing a clear saving of twenty-five per cent. The temperature in each house was, as near as possible, identical, and the conditions of both were as nearly the same as they well could be ; if anything, the advantage was a little in favor of the house heated by hot water, because it was placed between two other houses, thus saving the exposure of the outer Avails. By way of deciding why it was that steam at two hundred and twelve degrees did not injure the plants (as we found it did not) any- more than did hot water at probably one hundred and fifty or one hundred and sixty degrees, I took a thermometer and made tests at two, four, six, eight, ten, twelve, fourteen, sixteen and eighteen inches from a two-inch steam pipe and a four-inch hot water pipe. This was some time about the first of February. We found that, when placed 116 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. at a distance of two inches from tlie two-inch steam pipe, the tlier- mometer marked 70° ; at two inches from the hot water pipe, 68° ; at four inches from the steam pipe, 68° ; at four inches from the hot water pipe, 67° ; at six inches from the steam pipe, 67° ; and at six inches from the hot water pipe, 66°. At fourteen inches from the steam pipe, and fourteen inclies from the hot water pipe, in each case, 62° appeared. This showing, therefore, demonstrated that the difference was merely nominal, tliat practically no difference existed. Consequently, the general opinion about the injury done by steam pipes wlien heated up to 212°, has really no foundation in fact. The radiation is almost the same in both cases. [The ten minutes liere expired.] Mr. H. A. SiEBREciiT : The last point made by Mr. Henderson is cer- tainly a very important one, althougli it has almost invariably been overlooked. I wisli to tliank him for stating it. Mr. J. D. Cahmody, being given ten minutes on the side of liot water explained, in reply to Mr. Jordan's reference, that his own essay treated of units — not degrees — of heat. He continued: The possibilities of hot water under pressure have never been de- veloped, though tests have been made in isolated cases in which it has been in practical use. If you apply to hot water the same i)ressure which is applied to steam, you will have the same heat that you have with steam, but with a slower radiation ; in other words, the hot water will retain the heat for more than twice the length of time for wliich it is retained by the same amount of steam. If you use two-incli pipes and apph^ a steady pressure, you can heat your pipes with a pressure of twenty pounds up to a temperature of 257^°. That is as high a temperature as is often reached by steam. You seldom raise your steam more than from five to ten pounds' j)ressure. I claim, there- fore, that you will get the same amount of heat in your pipes from hot water that you will get from steam. At the level of the sea, the boil- ing point is 212°. On the top of a high mountain it is regulated by the altitude. Put the water under pressure, fill the pipes up tight, expel all the air, and the boiling point will never be reached as long as those pipes hold the water in them. There will be neither steam or air in those pipes. In that way, you can get a high degree of temperature and a rapid circulation, using the same pipes for hot water that you use for steam. Furthermore, you get circulation in your hot water pipe more quickly than in your steam pipe, because hot water circulates immediately ; that is, as quicklj^ as heat is imparted to the water ; whereas with steam the operation is slower, as you have to SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 117 expel the air from the pipes before filling them with steam. Your water, to produce steam, is required to be heated to 212°, with the ad- ditional units of 966° besides. Then, when your fire is extinguished you can only draw what heat remains in the pipes. Of course that latent heat will last awhile, but it quickl}^ cools off. If j^our pipes are filled Avith hot water, that heat is retained in them longer, and you draw on what little heat there is in the fire, and all the heat that is in the boiler. I say if you want high temperature and quick circulation, you will use hot water under pressure. You will thus have all the advantages of steam with tlie additional advantages of hot water cir- culation. Mr. John N. May (being called upon by Mr. Peter Henderson) said : I am a hot water advocate, gentlemen. M}^ reason is that I am a workingman, that I have to work for my living, and prefer to attend to my business myself rather than to deputize some one to attend to it for me. I tell you, honestly, that you cannot manufacture a steam boiler with which I could sleep soundly at night, if it was in opera- tion in my place. Mr. Thomas DeWitt : I would ask Mr. Carmody how it is that he can get water to circulate in the hot water pipes immediately after making a fire, wliere there is no pressure. The hot water will not move until it begins to exi)and, and it will not expand until it gets to al)out the boiling point. Mr. Carmody : At 212° the water indicates no pressure. By adding to it one pound of pressure, you have 215° of heat, at two pounds 219°, and so on as you go up. One degree of heat will cause the water to expand immediately, and, if you have a stand-pipe, you can see the effect of a single degree of heat in raising the water, so that it will cover the bottom of your expansion tank. The more heat you impart to it the more rapidly the water will move. Mr. E. G. Hill : I am an advocate of the use of steam, and a be- liever in its superior utility, because it enables you to fit out a plant at a saving in cost of one third as compared with hot water. In the second place, it furnishes a medium by which absolute control of the temperature in the houses can be secured. I think that that is a val- uable consideration. The saving of one tliird in the cost of fuel would put enough money in the pocket of any one of our friends to warrant him in taking a little jaunt during the year, and getting back home without feeling that he had indulged in an extravagance which he could not aftbrd. I admit that there is something in the claim that is made of the advantages of heating by hot water under pressure. I know of a gentleman in Cincinnati who adopts that method, and is 118 PEOCEEDINQS OF SECOND CONVENTION. very successful with it, aud that it enables him to show a decided sav- ing in his fuel bill. With respect to Mr. May's distrust of a steam boiler, I have only to say that a steam boiler is not likely to get out of order sooner or more frequently than a hot water boiler which is run on the low pressure principle, as there is no strain on the latter. Upon another i)oint, I have to say that when the thermometer shows fifteen or twenty de- grees below zero, if j^our house is properly piped for steam, you have only to open the valve and there will be no tension or strain on the boiler. On the other hand, I have found that it is necessary, when the state of the thermometer is as I have indicated, to force a hot water boiler to its utmost capacity. I think there is notliing of value in what lias been said al)out people going to sleep and neglecting the boiler. Indeed, I think we had better not become too serious over this question of steam and hot water. Let me suggest this considera- tion that, in the use of anthracite coal, you have the advantage of be- ing able to fix your boiler for either hot water or steam, and to leave it; but that with bituminous coal, this cannot be done, and you are required to employ a man to attend to the boiler, because of the lia- bility of your coal to coke. The suggestion made by Mr. Moon has already been answered, because I think if there is risk with one steam boiler, there is, of course, risk with one hot water boiler. Moreover, the cost of purchasing two large steam boilers and setting them up would be, perhaps, the same as that of the purchase and fitting up of four hot water boilers. Mr. J. H.Taylor: Inrej^lyto the gentleman fromlndiana, (Mr. Hill,) I have to say that, two years ago, at Christmas time, a neighbor of mine, who uses hot water, had a fine house of lilies of the valley, and these, at that season, were worth considerable mone}". He went to bed one night, and, like Mr. May, slept soundl5^ The next morning he found that frost had entered his house, the boiler having cracked during the night. In another instance, one of my neighbors, Avhose green-houses are also heated by hot water, upon going out to look at his houses early one morning, found his watchman asleep ; the fires nearly out, and the temperature in the houses near the freezing point. So that, as far as sleeping is concerned, I do not think Mr. May, on a cold night, sleeps any more soundly than I do. Mr. David Cliffe, of Philadelphia : I have tried all the methods. Three years ago I bought two boilers, and have attended to them my- self. Though at times I found the temperature in the houses getting a little low at night, I was enabled to get it up more quickly than I could have done if I had been using hot water. I have not suffered SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 119 from frost, and am a strong advocate of steam, because I have found it to be more economical — both in labor and coal. In my judgment, it has advantages over either flues or hot water. I have, perhaps, twenty thousand feet of glass, and can heat my houses with steam quite satis- factorily. Mr. Peter Henderson : Referring to what I have said about my ex- periment with the tw^o boilers, one for steam, and the other a power- ful hot water boiler, both almost identical, let me add that I have had them running for two years, and have asked my men repeatedly whether they could leave the steam boilers for as long a time as they could leave the hot water boilers. They assured me that they could leave them for two or three hours longer than they could leave the hot water boilers. [Applause.] To make my statement more definite, I will say that on an ordinary cold night the}^ could leave the steam boilers for from eight to ten hours. Mr. John Thorpe : We have a steam-heating apparatus, and only four times during the past winter have we sat up at night with our steam boiler. Before that time, we had hot water boilers, and were obliged to sit up occasionally during the season. As a rule, the fire is made up at nine o'clock at night, and is not touched again until seven o'clock next morning, week in and week out. I have run it for three years now. We have had no accident, and no hitch or trouble in any shape or form. Mr. Thorpe, in reply to an inquiry at this point, was understood to say that he used hard coal. Mr, David Cliffe : I use, principally, hard coal screenings, whicli are delivered to me at a cost of three dollars per ton. Mr. Murdoch, of Pittsburgh, remarked that the boiler in use at his green-houses was insi^ected by the boiler insi^ector once a year, so that there Avas little apprehension of an explosion of the boiler because of its defectiveness. He did not consider that steam 1)oilers were more dangerous than hot water boilers, but thought that one was quite as safe as the other in every respect. In regard to economy of fuel, he thought that steam had some little advantage over hot water. Mr. Cliffe was understood to say that he could run his green-houses by circulating steam through them without any pressure at all. Mr. Taylor : In the spring and fall, or in moderate weather, we cir- culate our steam also with no indicative pressure on the boilers. I would say here that I hope to make a further saving in fuel by burn- ing pea coal — a difficult thing to do with a hot-water boiler. A Delegate : We have burned nothing but pea coal for three years under our hot-water boilers. 120 PEOCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. Mr. D. D. L. Farson, of Philadelphia, referring to a statement by Mr. Cliffe, remarked that that gentleman liad not shown any advan- tage in the use of steam, as compared -with hot water, in the saving of fuel. In defense of the claims of hot water to favorable consider- ation, he explained that he had torn out a patent hot-water boiler, and in about fifteen hours, had constructed and put in perfect work- ing order one of his own design. This he had used for several years. He had used for fuel, coke screenings from the gas works, the term for which material in this vicinity was "coke breeze." He main- tained that when the question came to a matter of saving in fuel, there was nothing in the statements which had been made in regard to low-priced fuel for steam which showed that any material Avas so cheap as this " coke breeze," which, he said, was formerly bought for about two cents a bushel. He thought that some of the figures which had been given as to the cost ol' I'uel were what might be called " pretty stiff prices " for poor florists to pay for material for firing their green-houses. In conclusion, he suggested that, while in large establishments steam might have some advantages, hot water was preferable in the smaller establishments, which were more numerous. Mr. J. D. Car]\iody, of Indiana, said he disliked to be like a jack- in-a-box, bobbing up every second or two, but there was somebody all the time pulling the string, and he couldn't help it! He continued: I want to state right here that not a single one of the hot- water advo- cates here has tested hot water to its utmost caiDabilities, whereas the other side have brought steam down to the ver}^ finest point. No florist here, I am sorry to say, has had hot water under pressure, and that is something with which florists should have some familiaritv. Do not do away with a system until you have got out of it all that is in it, and you have not really begun with hot water. Put hot water under pressure, and we will have every advantage that you claim for steam, and two or three more. Mr. Peter Henderson here interrogated Mr. Carmody with a view to having that gentleman fix, definitely, at what temperature he would Avork hot-water pipes under x)ressure. He continued : The gentleman complains that the steam-pij)e endangers the health of the plant be- cause it is heated at too high a temperature. Mr. Carmody : The gentleman is mistaken. Mr. Henderson and others : We understand that that statement was made in the paper read bj^ you. Mr. Carmody : My statement was that you were compelled to have a high temperature when only a low temi^erature was necessary. Now, let me explain for one moment. We will say that for a cool SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 121 day in the fall, we need a little heat. In order to get any at all when using steam, you are obliged to heat your feed-water from 212° to 215°, and your heating pipes have to register from 212° to 215° through their circulation. Now, with hot water under pressure you can heat your feed-water to 100°. Your pipes, at the same time, are throwing out heat from a basis of 100° all through the house — that being a low, mild temperature. You can increase that heat then, and make it just as high as you please. Consequently, the temperature you maintain in your pipes and boiler is regulated bj'' your own will and desire. Of course, if it is colder out of doors, it is colder in your house, and you want a higher temperature in your pipes. I would run my pipe according to the demand, from its normal condition, or from 50° up to as high as 257° ; and you can keep your fjipes right there at that. Mr. Peter Henderson: I would any that, in practical operation, that would be a very difficult thing to do. If the pipe was under your own personal supervision and j^ou were watching it, that might be done; but if you had to leave it to others, it is not likely that it would be done. My green-houses, the great bulk of them, are heated by hot water, and we have them regulated so that if we want 40° of heat, we place four pipes in a twenty-foot house ; if we want 50°, we place six pipes in a house of tlie same dimensions, and if we want 60°, we place eiglit pipes in the house. Consequently, the fireman would have nothing to do but to keej) up his jfires — the temperature would regu- late itself by the amount of pipe placed in each house. Mr. J. D. Carmody : You regulate your temperature hj the open tank system, just as you do with the pressure system, so far as the hot water is concerned. Now, do you raise those jjipes, on a mild fall day, to the same temperature that you have when the thermometer is down to zero ? Mr. Peter Henderson : Certainly not ; but the fireman regulates that, because the pipes are there graded to suit the temperature we want. Mr. J. D. Carmody : When you start to heat the pipes, you have not the same temperature that you have after the fire has been going fou or five hours. Consequently, during that time your pipes will registe all of the intermediate degrees. One night you may not run the temperature over 150° — the next night it is cold, and you run the same pipe up to 180°. Mr. Jordan : Perhaps the discussion has gone as far as may be de- sirable, but, as there is some little misunderstanding in regard to the terms used here, I would like to add a word. Water boils at 212° at the ocean's level — that is, a pressure of fourteen pounds to the square 122 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. inch of atmospheric pressure. When tliere is more pressure than the atmospheric pressure, then you increase the degrees of heat in proportion to the pressure that is put on the water. There is such a thing as heating water so hot that it will dissolve lead. The sugges- tion seems to have been made by one of the speakers here that water could not be heated above 212°, and must boil there. That, how- ever, is not the fact, because you can keep the pressure down on water so as to rise to 300° or 400°, but it takes an immense i)ressure. I am running my boilers with a pressure of eight pounds to the square inch, and I do it by having the water elevated in the tank, by giving it about seventeen feet of an elevation, which produces a pressure on the boiler. By that I am enabled to carry the water two hundred and twenty-five feet through the green-houses, coming into the ex- pansion tank at the boiling point. That is when the pressure is taken off. There is the advantage of having water under pressure, and you can continue to put that pressure on. If you have the same pressure in hot water that you have in steam, when your pipes are filled, you will have the same heat. Water will take up the heat, because the steam cannot be any hotter than the water from which it is imparted. Mr. J. H. Taylor : In heating by steam, we do not increase the heat by raising or lowering the temperature in the boiler, but by increas- ing or decreasing the number of radiating pipes in the green-house. From two to five pounds' pressure at the boilers is all that is required to properly circulate steam at low pressure. Mr. Joseph Tailby, of Mass., remarked that, as between the two, he thought that in a large establishment, where it was necessary to keep an eye to fires, steam might be cheaper. He suggested the thought, in connection with this view, that while all the garden men were attending this convention to-day, a sudden change in the atmos- phere might send the thermometer down to zero to-night. He re- marked that florists wanted to manage their green-houses with the least amount of fuel, and at the same time with safety, so that they could go to bed at a reasonable hour at night. (At this point, owing to temporary confusion, the speaker's remarks were inaudil)le at the reporter's seat. He was understood to detail a method which he had originated and made practical in heating his green-house.) The President said that the last five minutes of the time for the discussion would be utilized by Mr. Fowler. Mr. A. B. Fowler, of Exeter, N. H., said he professed to know something on the subject, as he had started in steam-heating when engaged in the green-house business. He felt, however, that he could say he was not Avholly an advocate of steam ; that certainly he would SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 123 as gladly sell to the trade machines for hot water use as he would machines in which steam was to be used. His purpose, he said, at this time, was to correct what he regarded as erroneous statements upon several points in the essay read by the gentleman from Indiana, Mr. Carmody. That gentleman had stated that an air-valve was re- quired on each pipe, when his statement should have been that an air-valve was required on each nest of pipes. Mr. Carmody here remarked that the statement he had made was, as stated, with reference to a nest of pipes. Mr. Fowler went on to say, in reference to Mr. Carmody's state- ment, that in the use of steam in green-houses, it was necessary to keep an engineer, that if the opinion of florists accustomed to heating by steam was consulted, their reply to that statement would show that they disagreed with the gentleman from Indiana. He continued : Water boils under atmosplieric pressure, as we all know, at 212° — that is, at the level. Of course this varies at an altitude. When you go up on a mountain, you liave to apply greater pressure for cooking purposes. The gentleman from Indiana did not tell us, and I did not ask him, whether the point was higher or lower at an altitude such as that. You have in steam at no indicated pressure a sensible heat of 212° ; but what is the ditference between hot water at 212° and steam at 212° ? The difference is these 966°. Gentlemen have been talking about latent heat, and let me say to them that in that latent heat is contained the most of the heat that you get in your green-houses when you heat them by steam ; and when you extract that latent heat the steam goes back into water again. The question with respect to keep- ing up a fire has been covered by others. As to the question of cast- iron and wrought-ivon boilers, it need only be said, perhaps, that when you pay your monej'' you take your choice. Tlie gentleman from Indiana (Mr. Carmody) told us about the flowers blooming in the spring and fall, but did not say anything about the roses that bloom in July, except to ask if flowers grew in the hot July sun. In Massa- chusetts they do, and that is what is called summer blooming. Mr. Carmody (liumorously) : In Labrador tliey bloom better in July than in any other month, I suppose. Mr. Fowler: The gentleman probably knows the fact; I do not, as I never was there. So far as steam-heating is concerned, I went into it many years ago, and the gentlemen here from Boston probably recollect that I fought hard for steam. I was told that I was wasting my money, but I persisted, and was successful. I have followed it up ever since then, and you see where it is to-day. The President : Since making the announcement that the discus- 124 PROCEElJiNGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. sion would close ^Yith the remarks of Mr. Fowler, the Chair has been apprised of a general desire to hear from a gentleman of known prac- tical experience on the steam side of the question — Mr. H. M. Smith, of New York, manager of the Wilson Boiler Company — who is now cordially invited to take the floor. Mr. H. M. Smith, of New" York, responded : During an experience of twenty years, it has been my fortune to encounter nearlj^ every question that has been suggested in connection with steam or hot- water circulation ; and this is especially true of recent years, since I have been endeavoring to determine the best plan of "remodeling" for the adoption of the street system controlled by the New York Steam Company, in buildings situated on the line of their pipes. As a matter of fact, there are points about the street sj'stem which, if they could be adopted in green-house warming, would discount, in absolute superiority, all the advantages claimed for any man's boiler for eitlier purpose. Of course, it is impracticable to warn;i a green- house in Indiana with steam generated in the city of New York, not because we could not send tlie steam out there, but because to do that would cost too much, and it would be cheaper to use a local boiler. In regard to diflerent temperatures and economy of heating by the different methods, I have to sa}' that I think the gentleman from In- diana (i\Ir. Carmody) is correct in his statement as to the temperature of hot water under pressure. There is no doubt that hot water can be raised to the temperature of steam, due to any pressure that you may care to adopt, if your boiler is in the hands of an experienced engi- neer. But if you do raise hot water to the temperature of steam by placing it under a pressure, you at once create a different state of cir- cumstances. It will then be necessary to increase the cost of your hot-water plant, because you must increase the strength of that plant. If 3"ou place that pressure at ten pounds, for instance, you increase the temj)erature and the exx)ansive force of the water, also the expan- sion of the pipes, due to the increased temperature of the metal. What, then, will become of your packed joints which have been made by this cheap labor, and what becomes of the argument that a hot- water boiler can be handled by such cheap labor? If, after jou have put the hot water under pressure, you get a temperature which is the same as that of steam, what becomes of the claim that hot water is preferable because its temperature is not as high as that of steam ? I fail to see any difference l)etween the temperature of a pipe warmed b}' hot water and one heated by steam where the pressure is the same in both cases. If you pass fire through that pipe, the external effect, or the effect upon the surface of the iron, is the same at even tempera- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLOEISTS. 125 ture. The idea that the exterior of a Avater or steam-pipe is more moist than it would be if heated by some agent other than hot water or steam is a mistaken one. With respect to the point raised on the hot water side of the ques- tion, viz : that the temperature of your apparatus is not liable to fluc- tuate during sudden changes of the external atmosphere, I would say merely that you do not depend, either in the case of hot water or steam, upon the temperature of the metal for the* accomplishment of that result. When you heat the air of the apartment, the tempera- ture of the atmosphere of that apartment is affected by the circula- tion of the heated air through that room. The table of figures from which the gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. Peter Henderson) has quoted partially demonstrates this fact, as it shows that at two inches from the iron a diff'erence of only two degrees is apparent, and that, at a distance of sixteen inches, you have the same temperature in either case. Indeed, if 3'our plants were to be placed in direct con- tact with the coils, no substantial difference in result would be per- ceptible, so far as concerns the means by which those coils are heated. A knowledge of the principles of circulation is indispensable in dealing with heating apparatus, and it seems to me tliat the essayists upon either side are, to say the least, arguing from a lack of familiarity with the facts. Indeed, the trouble has been that users of steam and hot water, taking the average of them — like our good friend from Cincinnati, (Dr. Hawes,) who wanted to heat his house and thought he had but two ways of doing it — are not sufficiently well informed upon the subject. If those Avho introduce the hot- water system into a house have not a thorough knowledge of the principles governing its operation and can exercise no intelligent supervision over it, ob- jections to it will naturally arise that will cause it to be condemned. The same observation may be made where steam is introduced with- out proper attention being given to the areas of pipes. If you use a boiler of a certain construction, (and being myself a manufacturer of a boiler. I am not disjjosed to take advantage of this opportunity to criticize any particular method of construction,) you are obliged to rely upon the quality of the draft for a large part of the effectiveness of the apparatus. In this respect, the advocate of tlie hot-water boiler has an advantage, because the entire principle upon which a hot-water boiler is constructed is to present a horizontal surface upon which the fire will radiate, ajid which will afford the most efficient medium for taking advantage of the radiant heat of the fire. That is the instrumentality to which reference is made when it is claimed that you can rely upon hot water because you get certain re- 126 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. suits after the fire becomes low. Every hot- water boiler of which I know anything is constructed on that basis. I heard a gentleman ar- guing, in conversation, this morning, on the advantage of a boiler of fifteen feet in length, but the only object to be attained by that con- struction, in my judgment, is to cause the heat to keep circulating under that horizontal surface, thereby utilizing all the radiation from the fire that is possible, because, as you know, heat is radiated from the fuel in all directions so long as combustion goes on, be it ever so slowly. In other words, my claim is this : that the success of either system depends largel}", first, upon the area of pipe, and then upon the fire surface exposed to radiation from the body of fuel. If the boiler is not defective and the apparatus is so constructed that you can get the best results upon either principle, it will then be time for you to begin to argue as to the relative economy of the two. I ques- tion much whether any gentleman here has a steam apparatus in one house and a hot-water apparatus in another, upon the practical work- ings of wliich a test can be fairly based which will show the relative economy' of the two. Mr. Peter Hend.erson, of Jersey City, N. J. : It was with that ob- ject in view that I constructed the two houses, in which I placed steam and hot water boilers respectively, as I have already stated, and I have given the results of that experiment. Mr. Smith : I beg pardon. I did not understand that the gentle- man had made the test. I Avill not occupy the time longer, as it was not my intention to make any remarks, but simply to hear what others, having practical experience with the subject of green-house warming as florists, had to say upon it. It seems to me that both sides have presented good points, and that these could be fairly gath- ered by some one competent to compile them from the two essays, and from the stenographic report of this discussion. In tliis way a paper might be prepared, which would be of inestimable value to this association. (At this point, the audience manifested its appreciation of the re- marks to which it had listened with evident satisfaction by a tumult of applause.) On motion of Mr. E. G. Hill, of Indiana, the thanks of the Society were tendered to Mr. Smith, by a unaniiuous vote, for " his able and disinterested exposition of the relative advantages of steam and hot water." Mr. Henry A. Siebrecht (being allowed two minutes) said that he proposed to speak for both sides of the question. He tliought that the weight of the argument in the discussion which had just taken SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 127 place was slightly in favor of steam as against hot water. Mr. Hen- derson had iDroved by facts that in the use of steam he had saved coal. While conceding as true all that has been said in behalf of steam, Mr. Siebrecht advised those who had introduced hot water apparatus into their places at great expense not to discard its use, but to proceed cautiously. For one, he was satisfied with hot water, but he thought that parties who were about to open new places and purchase new heating plants should give steam a trial. If starting on a small scale, it might be well for them to take the safer way , and purchase a little hot water boiler. Mr. David Cliffe, of Philadelphia, submitted a motion as follows : " That it is the sense of this meeting that in this discussion it has been shown that steam combines more advantages than hot water." Mr. D. D. L. Farson, of Philadelphia, in opposition to the motion, said he thought that at i)i'esent the convention was not qualified to give an indorsement to any scheme which had not been fairly tested to the satisfaction of all, as such an indorsement would have an effect to mislead many florists when contemplating improvements. He hoped that Mr. Cliff"e's motion would be voted down, as the Society, he thought, has not prepared to give an unqualified indorsement to either scheme. Mr. Cliffe replied that he had made his motion for the reason that he thought the opinion of the convention was preferable to that of an individual or a nural)er of individuals acting separately. Mr. Peter Henderson : I would move to amend tlie motion so as to make it read that, in the opinion of the association, hot water is pre- ferable to steam in all cases where the construction is under five thou- sand square feet of glass ; and that where a construction is to be made exceeding five thousand feet of glass steam is the better. A Delegate : That is a mere expression of opinion. I think the convention should be careful not to adopt mere individual opinions. We want not opinions, but facts. Mr. J. D. Carmody : At this time it would be impossible to secure more than a minority vote upon any proposition as a majority of the members of the convention have retired from the hall. Mr. H. M. Smith, of New York city : I would like to make a sug- gestion. As a member of the convention, it seems to me that the time has not arrived for expressing the sense of the body on this sub- ject. I think we have been feeling around a little, and have attained some good results. I make the suggestion — if any one will put it in , the form of a motion, I would be glad to hear it — that, instead of ex- pressing an opinion at this time, we declare it to be the sense of the 128 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. convention tliat we are all deeply interested in the subject, but have not squeezed the lemon dry by any means ! Therefore, in order that we may have more light on the subject, and more "juice," I move that a committee of three be appointed by the Chair, to select an ex- pert in the matter of green-house lieating, whose duty it shall be to prepare an essay, to be delivered before this convention at our next annual meeting. Mr. Robert Kift, of Philadelphia, by way of suggesting the desir- ableness of precautionary measures against accidents in the jji-elimi- nary work attending the introduction of steam-heating apparatus into green-houses, narrated an incident in his own experience, in which, when putting in a boiler, his father had been obliged to excavate the ground to a depth of some fifteen feet. On the morning after the ex- cavation had been completed, the hole thus made was found to have become one third filled with earth, from the caving in of the sides. The speaker remarked that if the accident had occurred in the day- time, while the work was progressing, some of the men employed in the work of excavation would probably have been killed. He said he mentioned the circumstance for the information of florists engaging in similar operations, and suggested that the proper course in such, cases was to shore the hole up. The convention here proceeded to vote, when (Mr. Cliff"e's motion having been withdraAvn) the motion of Mr. II. M. Smith was adopted without objection. GENERAL BUSINESS. Mr, H. A. SiEBRECiiT, of New Rochelle, New York, moved that the Chair be authorized to appoint a committee of two upon the best method of glazing, the committee to report to this convention. Adopted without objection, and Messrs. H. A. Siebrecht and P. R, Quinlan were constituted the committee, Mr, William K, Harris, of Philadelphia, moved that the treasurer of the Society of American Florists be directed to defray expenses of the Executive Committee incurred in attending the meetings of the Society, Mr. David Cliffe : The traveling expenses, do you mean ? Mr. Harris : Yes, sir. Adopted without dissent. Mr. D. D. L. Parson, of Philadelphia, moved that the President be authorized to appoint a committee of two to make a practical test of the merits of the fumigators now on exhibition, and to report the re- SOCIETY OF AMEKICAK FLORISTS. 129 suit of their labors in the columns of The Amevican Florist at as early a day as possible. Adopted without objection. Mr. D. D. L. Farson moved tlie appointment of a committee of three, whose duty shall be to examine into the merits of any insecti- cide that may be offered for consideration, and decide whether the same possesses the qualities claimed for it, with power to grant a cer- tificate from the Society of American Florists, stating the facts in re- gard to such insecticide. Adopted without objection. Tlie President stated that he would defer the appointment of the committee just mentioned until opportunity had been afforded him to determine upon its membership. Mr. D. D. L. Farson, of Philadelphia, here said : The Keystone Male Quartette Company, of Philadelphia, accompanied us yesterday to Mr. Childs' place, and, while there, entertained us with vocal music. I move, therefore, that the convention tender its tlianks to the Key- stone Male Quartette Company, of Philadelphia, for its kindness in rendering its services on the occasion referred to. Mr, J. C. Vaughan, of Cliicago, suggested the reference of Mr. Far- son's motion to the Committee on Final Eesolutions, in order tliat it might be included with matters of similar import upon which the committee was expected to report. (The reference was made as suggested.) Mr. Walter F. Fancourt remarked that, in the discussions of the convention, many subjects had been comparatively ignored which he thought were entitled to precedence, and tliat the time had been mainly occupied in considering two or three specialties. He submit- ted a motion reciting this fact, and proposing the appointment of a committee of three to ascertain whether the reason for it was to be found in the diffidence of the florists, or a lack of appreciation by the public. A vote being taken, twenty-two gentlemen arose in the affirmative, and thirty-seven in the negative ; therefore, the motion was not agreed to. Mr. F. H. iJMiLLMAN, of Cumberland, Maryland : There is a small matter on the programme Avhich has either not been thought of, or willfully neglected. I refer to the matter of dry flues. At different points in our sessions, one or two gentlemen wanted to speak upon it, and one did attempt to speak. I move that the rules be suspended, and remarks be permitted on that question. Tlie President: The subject is quite in order. Mr. Thorpe informs 9 130 PEOCELDINGS OF SECOND CON'S ENTION. me that he has a communication upon that very matter, and would like to read it. It will only take a moment or two. The subject will now be considered. Mr. John Thokpe : The statement which I would like to make is tliis: Mr. Hamilton, of Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, was instructed to give us a paper on the subject of "How to Build a Flue." On yes- terday^ morning, I received a letter from him, sajdng that his family was sufl'ering from quite a severe sickness, and that it was impossible for him to leave home ; that as it was not Ins custom to commit any- thing to paper until the last moment, he had not prepared anything; and we would have to get along without a paper on the subject. On motion of Mr. H. A. Siebreciit, ten minutes were Iiere appro- priated for the purpose of hearing remarks by gentlemen present on the question of flues. Mr. xVntoine Wintzer, of West Grove, Pennsylvania, said he would feel that he had been x)ersonally derelict if he failed to make a few remarks before the adjournment in regard to the much despised flue or hot-air apparatus, or whatever it might be called. It was the motive power used by our fathers, and he claimed it furnished the foundation of the florists' business. Years ago, when steam was not applied to the heating of green-houses, when very few hot-water apparatuses were in use, the operator, here and there over the country, Avho had but small capital, built his flue and raised his few plants. The flne was dropped. Why? Because builders of flues generally made a botch of their work. The fault was not in the flue, but in the l)uilder of it. The speaker' asserted that he could prove that plants could l)e grown to-day with the old flue in successful competition with hot water or steam apparatus, and that he had the facts to prove this. He said he was handling to-day sixty green-houses, every one of which is heated by a flue, there being sixty flues. He held that it was the matter of labor required which had driven flues out of general use, and asserted that it did not take very much more labor to run a sec- tion by flues than was required by any other means. In the establish- ment with which he is connected, the fires could be made up. in ordi- nary winter w^eather, at five o'clock in the evening, and then left without watching or attendance until seven o'clock the next morning. They were growing roses to-day in competition with all other estab- lishments that were heated by means of the improved systems. If the system of which he spoke proved a failure, he \Vould be willing to be held to some responsibility, but if it held its own with other estab- lishments, he would want to have some credit for it. Others, besides those connected with his establishment, were interested in the matter. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 131 as, he claimed, it was one which concerned every small florist through- out the length and breadth of the land. Everybody engaged in the business of growing flowers who did not have thousands of dollars of capital at his command was interested in it. To those people he Avould say that nothing would give them the advantages which they would secure in the use of the old flue with its improvements. A green- house could be built and completed with a flue at far less expense than with any other modern heating apparatus. In 1875, he (speak- ing for the Dingee & Conard Company) reconstructed a section of houses that had been heated with hot water, and substituted flues in the place of the hot-water apparatus. The speaker claimed that he could heat a larger area of glass by the flue system than by the hot-Avater system. If an advance had been made in the latter, and none in the flues, that fact was no fault of the flue, but the fault of the American public in neglecting to appreciate the capacity of the flue, and the utility of dry-air heating. Mr. WiNTZER added that his establishment had four workmen, but no night watchman, and had never sufl"ered from fire or from gas. (The ten minutes here expired.) Mr. SiEBRECiiT sugge'sted tliat permission be given to Mr. Wintzer to prepare his views on the point at greater length for publication. Mr. A. Gallup, of Denver, Colorado, here called attention to the motion which had been adopted in regard to defraying the expenses of the Executive Committee. He stated that a great deal of work de- volved on the committee, and quite a heavy expense was entailed upon them in preparing for the annual meetings. He did not tldnk that the honor conferred upon them by their positions was a sufficient recompense for them. He therefore moved that, in addition to an allowance for mileage, the members of the Executive Committee be allowed necessary hotel expenses when preparing programmes for the annual meetings of the convention. Mr. David Cliffe asked if an estimate could be given of the prob- able amount of the expenses. He said he thought the Society ought to know what expenses had been incurred. The President explained that the object was not to defray expenses already incurred, but to provide for the necessary outlay incident to any meeting the Executive Committee might be obliged to hold in the coming year. Mr. Gallup : That is the idea. The President : The author of the motion can have no basis upon which to form an estimate, for it is not yet known where the meeting will be held. 132 PEOCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. The motion of Mr. Gallup was adopted without objection. Mr. H. M. Smith, of New York city : I wish to modify amotion which was adopted upon my suggestion, so that the same shall provide that the committee appointed l\y the Chair to secure the services of an ex- pert, who is to make a report to the convention next year on the matter of lieating, shall be authorized to expend such sum as they may think i^roper in securing the service of such expert. I would suggest that the committee will not find an expert who will be willing to devote his time to the service of this association unless paid for it. The motion of Mr. Smith was adopted by an unanimous vote. GENERAL BUSINESS. Mr, H. A. SiEBRECiiT : In order to get through with the business. I move that all reports on exhibits, as well as other reports which have not been offered or read, be received ; tliat the reading of them be dis- pensed with, and tliat they be printed in the pamphlet report of this meeting. The President (replying to an incpiiry) : The motion does not in- clude the report of the Committee on Final Ilesolutions. Tlie motion of Mr. Siel)recht was adopted by a unanimous vote. The President (replying to a suggestion, to which no objection was heard, that the report of the Committee on Final Resolutions be includ- ed among the reports provided for in the motion just adopted) said: If there is no objection, then the report of the Committee on Final Reso- lutions will be printed with the other reports. The suggestion of the Chair was generally assented to, and the re- port of the Committee on Resolutions is here inserted. It is as follows : Resolmd, That tlie Society of American Florists extend its thanks to Miss Schaeiler and Mr. J, E. Mitchell for the use of Horticultural Hall, in which was held the convention. And to the Florists' Club of Philadelphia we extend our most grateful thanks for the royal way that we have been entertained, but while fully appreciating its great kind- ness and attention, that has involved so mucli labor and expense, we most earnestly trust that this kind attention should not be taken as a precedent for future conventions, and that at the meeting to be held in Chicago, next August, the delegates there will best please those of the Society in general by an entire omission of these courtesies. Resolved^ Tliat the members of the Society of American Florists render their most hearty thanks to Mr. George W. Childs for the spon- taneous and most princely hospitality which we have received at his hands. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 133 Resolved^ That, knowing that the Society of American Florists, noAV a solid success, was the inception of its retiring president — Mr. John Thorpe — who, despite great opposition from many members of the Nurserymen's and Seedmen's dissociation, determinedly sowed the seed that has now become such a fruitful tree, deserves in the highest degree our most hearty thanks for the time so generously given, and the great ability so markedly displayed in bringing the work to such a high degree of success. Resolved., That the thanks of the members of the Society of Ameri- can Florists be tendered to our retiring secretary, Mr. E. G. Hill, to whom, more than any other, is due to-day the credit, and the honor, and the success we all enjoy, and it is only because of his early and positive declaration not to be able to further serve that he was not unanimously re-nominated and consequently re-elected. Resolved., That a vote of thanks be extended to Mr. Adolph Le Moult for the novel and instructive entertainment which he alforded the dele- gates in his practical address and performance of " How to Arrange Cut Flowers," etc. Also, a vote of thanks to the Y. M. C. A. for the kind invitation extended to us to visit their rooms and to partake of the benefits, etc. To the managers of the Girard College and Mr. Huster, superin- tendent of the grounds, for tlie invitation to visit and examine all that is worthy of our inspection at tliat monumental institution. To the directors and superintendent of the Zoological Gardens for their generous invitation to visit this instructive institution. To the Union League Club, of Philadelphia, for the kind invitation to visit its building and partake of its hospitalities, which, from the active and unsparing support which its members rendered to the cause of liberty, which is extended at all times by its members, is gratefully acknowledged by your committee. Peter Henderson, John H. Taylor., W. J. Stewart. On motion, it was agreed that the president appoint a committee of three to make a practical test of the "■ Excelsior Fumigator," said com- mittee to report through the columns of The American Florist as soon as possible. The Chair appointed as this committee Messrs. D. D. L. Farson, John Savage, and David Beam. On motion, it was agreed that a committee be appointed to thor- oughly test any insecticide that maybe brought before them, and said committee to have the power to grant a certificate to any insecticide 134 PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND CONVENTION. that may be found to be worthy of it. The Chair appointed as this committee Messrs. W. K. Harris, Fifty-fifth street and Woodbind avenue, Phibidelphia, and George Anderson, Fifty-third street and Woodland avenue, Phibidelphia. [Note by the Secretary. — AVhen insecticides are sent to the com- mittee for trial, the express charges must in all cases be ^''paid through to destination f otherwise they will not be received.] Mr. H. A. Siebrecht moved, and the motion was duly seconded, that a committee be appointed to test and report on the value of J. M. Gasser's system of glazing; whereupon President Craig stated that he would undertake to make the necessary trial, and w^ould re- port in due time. On motion, the convention adjourned until 1887 — the time of re- convening to be jfixed by the Executive Committee. Edwin Lonsdale, Secretary^ Chestnut Hill^ Philadelphia^ Pa. APPENDIX. I. THE QUESTION BOX, WITH ANSWERS. The various questions found in the box during the hist hours of tlie conven- tion are here presented, witli answers thereto. 1. David CLiFFEasks : What varieties of carnations does Mr. Tailby recom mend to grow ? [A}iswer: Grace Wilder, Fred. Johnson, Princess Loicise.] 2. What would be the cost of the design made by Mr. LeMoult at present (August 20) New York prices ? [Aijswer: $35 to $50.] 3. Is it profitable to force lilies of the valley early in the season ? [Answer: No; although the price per spray may be higher, in the fore part of December the risk of getting a good crop is mucli greater.— J. II.] 4. Can Dutch bulbs be grown profitably in the low lands of the South for wholesale purposes ? ["Observer" says: "The soil about Jacksonville, Ga., seems identical with the Holland sand." "Observer" also saw offsets that had been grown into flowering bulbs in one season, in Florida.] 5. How can the rose Iler Majesty be prevented from attacks of mildew ? [Answer: No positive preventive, up to the present time, has been found. To keep it under glass all summer, with fire heat nearly all the time at niglit, might be tried, with lots of sulphur on tlie pipes.— J. N. M.] 6. My benches in a green-house are infested with a small white ant. It likes moisture, and eats away the wood so as to make a bench too weak to hold plants witliiu one year. It enters the pots at the bottom, eats the roots off geraniums, and ruins them. It is believed that tliey were introduced with plants that were imported. Can any member speak from experience as to wliat will rid my place of them ? [Answer: The best of all remedies for the destruction of mites and ants is crude petroleum. Put it on the benches thickly with a paint brusli. — J. Thorpe.] 7. Since last year, a green metallic bug eats all tlie leaves of tlie fuchsia in a desperate manner. What is the name of it, and what the remedy V [Answer : According to Professor Riley, this fuchsia pest belongs to the flea beetles, and is scientifically know as Graptodcra carinata (family Chrysomelidce.) Pyrethrum not only numbed them, but kept them off tlie plant. Paris green was tried, but it did little or no good.] 9. How many feet of four-inch pipe is required in a carnation house contain- ing about 750 square feet of glass in latitude iOV-" V The house runs east and west, and is between two other houses. — Strauch Bros. [Answer : One hundred and fifty feet of four-inch pipe, with a butterfly valve to regulate. -J. D. Carmody.] 136 APPENDIX. 8. What is the best remedy for black beetle, "wliich is so destructive to dahlias and asters when in bloom? They seem to be worse in the Ohio valley than anywhere else. [Ansn-er : Specimens of the insect complained of were sent to the United States Department of Agriculture, and a i-eply was received as follows : United States Depautmkxt of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, Washington, D. C, August 28, 18S6. In the absence of Professor Riley, I belete disi)lay. Exhibit of F. E. McAllister, of Xew York. — An extensive and general dis- play of flower-baskets of various descriptions, and a full supply of grasses, mosses, immortelles, bouquet papers, and general florists' supplies. Exliil)it of C S. Ford, Jr., Pliiladelphia: A first-class display of immortelles, letters, words, and emblems. Exhibit of A. Heriimann, of New York. — A limited but choice display of i-amples of fancy and oilier grasses; also wreaths of grasses and everlastings tastefully arranged. Also, a very fine display of letters, monograms, and em- blematic designs; and this committee recommend a special award for superior workmanship. Exhibit of the Philadelphia Immortelle Design Company.— This exhi- bit is really superb, and certainly the finest and richest display of funeral and memorial designs ever exliibited. The committee wishes to call special attention to the unique and artistic workmanship. Exhibit of M. M. Bayersdorfer & Co., of Philadelphia. — The largest dis- play, and a full line of florists' requisites, consisting of willow baskets of all de- scriptions, w'hite and gilt baskets and stands, straw baskets, sheaves of wheat, colored and other grasses, immortelles and iiumortelle letters, bouquet holders, white doves, etc. Your committee wish to call special attention to this exliibit for the simple and business-like manner in which the various samples were ar- ranged; and therefore, they commend this business-like method to all future exhibitors upon like occasions. The committee recommend an award of merit to Messrs. Bayersdorfer & Co. Exhibit of Ernst Kaufmann, Pliiladelphia.— A very fine general display of flower baskets, including some novelties worthy of notice. Exhibit of Koeiiler Brothers, Nicetown, Pliiladelphia.— A very tasteful display of white doves and mounted peacocks for florists' use, deserving of special mention. W. C. Keck, of Brooklyn, N. Y., exiiibits a complete assortment of immor- telle letters, inscriptions, and names. A. T. Cefrey. Boston, Mass., exhibits immortelle letters and inscriptions, ready for florists' use, of superior workmanship. The Henderson-Achert Co., Cincinnati, Oiiio, has on exhibition a large sheet of engravings of various floral designs. Exhibit of Whilldin'& Co., Philadelphia. — A substantial display of flower- pots, seed pans, and lianging baskets of pottery. Your committee call the atten- APPENDIX. 139 tion of the Society to rim-pots, and tlie advantages which they have in packing and nesting. Exhibit of Jacob C. Cassel, Philadelphia.— A very fine display of imitation wood pottery or terra-cotta ware, consisting of vases, pedestals, logs, and hang- ing baskets, fancy flower-pots, window boxes, etc. Exhibit of A. H. Hews & Co., Xorth Cambridge, Massacluisetts.— Thisis cer- tainly the best display of natural clay-colored pottery, consisting of novelties in vases for decorative purposes and cut flowers; also, a fine exhibit of samples of flower-pots, wliich are higlily recommended for their good finish and their dura- bility. This committee recommend an award to them of the first order. Exhibit of Galloway, Graff & Co., Philadelphia.- This is really a hand- some display of fancy pottery and fine art. In addition to tlie imitation of wood ware, this firm exhibits the now celebrated "Limoges" ware, and this commit- tee feel it their duty to recommend an award to this very artistic ware, of a first- class certificate of the Society, as tliis is the first of this higldy artistic pottery manufactured in tiiis couiitry. It was. until quite recently, imported from Europe at fabulous prices. The committee call special attention to this exhibit. Joseph Kift & Son, of Pliiladelpliia, exhibited a porous fern vase and bracket, which the committee higlily recommended as a valuable new article, well adapted for ferns for house culture, and an excellent tiling on which to grow Platyceriums, etc. KosE Manufacturing Co., of New York, exhibit a tobacco soap insecticide. Australian Garden- Wash Co., of New York, also have on exhibition an assortment of insecticides. Benjamin Chase, Jr., Derry, N. H., has an exhibit of pot-labels and stakes of excellent finish. Eisii & Gibson, Whitney's Point, N. Y., also show insecticides. H. A. Seibrecht, Chairman of the Commitiee. REPORT of committee ON LITHOGRAPHS, PRINTING, ETC. J. Horace McFarland, of Ilarrisburg, Pa.— This exhibit of printing for florists' use, catalogues, cards, etc., is of the highest perfection in the art of printing— clearness, neatness, and artistic display are marked characteristics of the work, and the illustrations are of a very high order. Messrs. Beatty & Co., of New York, exhibit a collection of colored litho- graphs worthy tlie higliest praise, they being especially adapted for florists' use, while the drawings are remarkably accurate, and the colors true to nature and happily blended. A collection of chrysanthemums excels anything which has come under your committee's notice in this art, as regards color, form, and per- spective, most truly representing the respective flowers they are intended to de- lineate. C. L. Allen, WiLLiA3r F. Dreer. REPORT of COM3HTTEE ON GREEN-HOUSE STRUCTURES AND APPLIANCES. Daniel B. Long, of Buffalo, New York, exhibits models of a flower-box for shipping cut flowers. It is a very perfect box for said purpose, but probably too costly for extensive use. / 140 APPENDIX. J. H. Ives. Danbuiy, Connecticut, exliibits a puttying machine, vvhicli your committee would hesitate to give an opinion about until actual trial had been given it on a green-house roof. Williams & Sons, Batavia, Illinois, exhibit a point-driver, in regard to which your committee hesitates on giving: an opinion without a practical trial. Herrmann Perlich, 183 Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland, exhibits a furai- gator. Your committee, while believing it to be a useful article, have found, in actual practice, owing to the material of which it is made, that it rusts out very rapidly, and would advise tliat it be made of more durable material. The Summit Manufacturing Company, Summit, Union county. New Jersey, exhibits a patent carrier, which may do very well when used for carrying peaches and baskets; but when applied to flower-pots, we sliould say it was of no practical value. J. M. Gasser, Cleveland, Ohio, exhibits a patent zinc joint for glazing, which your committee believe is well worthy of a trial. He also exhibits an ingenious contrivance for warning the florist when the temperature of his houses falls too low. CAT.EF Manufacturing Company, 293 Broadway, Xew York, exhibits spades, scoops, and shovels. Your committee, some of which have had a prac- tical trial with the shovel, but not the spade, have found, though from only a limited trial, that it possesses no advantage for shoveling puri)oses, and could not be as useful for digging purposes as the ordinary spading fork. We, how- ever, would not condemn it without further trial. The Lockland I^umber Company, of Lockland, Ohio, exhibit specimens of cypress sash-bars, which are claimed to be very durable. Egbert T. Ueakin & Co., of Philadelphia, exhibit a good line of brass green- house syringes and pumps, which are deserving of special mention. B. F. Goodrich & Co., Akron, Ohio, exhibit rubber hose, suitable for green- house use, and of excellent quality. Manly & Cooper Manufacturing Co., Philadelphia, show hot-bed frames and sash of good workmanship. F. A Smith, of Piiiladelpiiia, shows green-house sash-bars. JosEPHUS Plenty, New York, exhibits a section of a green-house showing the Helliwell system of glazing, which is very strong and durable. John N. May, of Summit, N. J., exliibits a model green-house, illustrative of his essay, which is very comi)lete, and well worthy close attention from those who contemplate building. J. Evans, Richmond, Indiana, exhibits a patent ventilating apparatus. Sev- eral members of your committee have seen and examined the said apparatus at Messrs. Craig & Brothers' place, and do not think it superior to those already in use, for the reasons that it works hard, and when tiie handle is let go, in lower- ing, it drops witli increasing speed, thus making it liable to break or shake out the glass of tlie ventilators, as well as other parts of the house. J. D. Carmody, Evansville, Indiana, exhibits a sectional water iieater. None of your committee having had a practical test of this boiler, decline to give an opinion on it. Thomas W. Weathered, of New York, exhibits his well-known hot-water boiler, which has many good points. Denys Zirngiebel, Needham, Mass., shows a model of a boiler for hot water under pressure. APPENDIX. 141 C. W. Jenkings, Philadelphia, shows a well-designed valve for use in hot- water circulations. Davjd Cliffe, Germantown, exhibits rubber packing for hot-water pipes. Peter Henderson, John Henderson, John H. Taylor. REPORT or committee on cut flowers. Henry A. Dreer, Pliiladelphia, exhibits a collection of splendid strains of petunias, verbenas, and hollyhocks, showing great improvement in these plants. Oscar R. Kreinberg, Pliiladelphia, shows a collection of handsome pansies. SA3IUEL C Moon, Morrisville, Pa., exiiibits a splendid assortment of named gladioli, which attracts much attention. He also lias on exhibition a plant of Exochorda grandijlora, a meritorious hardy slirub. Conrad Kirchner, Pliiladel[)hia, shows some fine seedling carnation blooms. John Stewart, Wilmington, Del., exhibits a collection of cut verbenas. Peter Henderson, New York, exhibits cut asters, petunias, geraniums, and anthemis, all of much merit. V. 11. H ALLOCK, Son & Thorpe, East Hinsdale, N. Y., exhibit a large collec- tion of gladioli of great beauty, covering many of the finest named varieties known . W. K. Harris, Chairman Committee. report of committee on MR. LE MOULT'S EXHIBIT AND LECTURE. The committee would especially commend tlie designs exhibited by Mr. A. Le- Moult, of New York, for the great attention which had been paid to detail, as every part of the work seemed to be wrought out and finished in good taste- The first design displayed was made of immortelles, and represented a horse saddled and bridled. It presented a natural appearance. The yaclit Galatea was very graceful, and was a good imitation of a vessel under full sail with a good breeze. The gondola, with the monogram of the Society on the sail, was also artisti- cally arranged, and would make a capital design for the center of a dinner-table. The original design representing "a wheel of fortune,'' flying through the air, bearing a cornucopia, was a very effective piece of work, and the rapidity with wliich it was executed was remarkable, only one hour and a half being consumed in its construction, during wliich time the frame was made, mossed, and all the flowers stemmed, as well as arranged. The committee would especially recommend the use of growing plants, as seen at the base of this design. Growing plants and ferns can often be used in this way to take the place of cut-flowers when the latter are scarce, and be made to produce as good, if not better, effect, and will continue beautiful long after the cut-flowers have wilted. The committee recommends that the thanks of this Society of American Florists be tendered to Mr. LeMoult for his interesting and instructive address given in connection with his elaborate display. Alexander Murdoch, Robert Kift, Frank Huntsman, J. M. Gasser, John White, Comviittee. 142 APPENDIX. LIST OF MEMBERS FOR 1886-1887. Alabama. Pfingstal, Joseph, Montgomery. Reed, C. H., Birmingliam. Zioiraer, Alfred, Montgomery. California. Sievers, J. H., 25 Post street, San Francisco. Colorado, • Gallup, Avery, Denver. CunnecHciit. Dassick, E. C, liridgeport. Dickerman, George A., New Ha- ven. Geduldig, G., Norwich. Horan, James, Bridgeport. Ives, J. II., Danbury. Delaware. Bayliss, L. E., AVilmington. Brown, J. L., Wilmington. Grant, Henry, Wilmington. Hargardine, R. W., Felton, Kent county. District of Coluw hia. Adams, William W., 335 Missouri avenue, Washington. Durfee, Benjamin, Washington. Evans, Frank M., Washington. Field, George, Jjincoln avenue, Washington. Field, Tliomas, Lincoln avenue, Washington. Freeman, J. R., Thirteenth and E streets, N. W., Washington. Gude, A., Jr., Washington. Hale, C. F., Washington. Georgia. Kiessling, G., Savannah. Meyer, Fritz R., Savannah. Lines, C. P., 23 Beers street. New Haven. McCrone, Robert, Thompsonville. Reck, John, Bridgeport. AVliiting, A., Franklin avenue, Hartford. Ilayden, Matthew, Wilmington. Sparks, Charles E., Wilmington. Stewart, Jolin, Wilmington. Pollock, George, 24 t Centre Mar- ket, Washington. Pfister, Henry, gardener White House, Washington. Sniitii, William R., Botanic Gar- dens, Washington. Studer, Nicholas, 421 Centre Mar- ket, Washington. Schmidt, Louis, 317 Twelfth street, N. W., Wasliington. Saul, John, 621 Seventh street, N. W., Washington. Oelschig, A. C, Savannah. Wackendorff, E., Atlanta. APPENDIX. 143 Illinois. Anthony, J. T., Chicago. Balmer, A., Danville. Calvert, Edward S., Lake Forest. Calvert, Frank, Lake Forest. Carten, Theodore, Wright's Grove. Clark, Sidnej', Lake Forest. Donovan, R. J., Havelock. Forster, John S., Box .392, Evans- ton. Gardener, Mrs. Sarah P., Hinsdale. Grant, G. L., 54 La Salle street, Chicago. Hay, Charles E., Springfield. Harting, Charles, Wright's Grove. Heinl, Joseph, Jacksonville. Hunt, M. A., Wright's Grove. Keenan, T. F., 42 La Salle street, Chicago. King, F. J., Ottawa. Kropf, John W., Collinsville. Lane. John, Chicago. Law, P. F.. Turner Park. Newitt, Alexander, Millard ave- nue, Chicago. Pepper, S., Belvidere. Phelps, H. L., Springfield. Eiessig, Charles, Chicago. Sawyer, A. W., Sycamore. Scott, D. W., Galena. Sillimau, J. C, Chicago. Yaughan, J. C, 42 La Salle street, Chicago. Van Dyke, Mrs., Shellyville Viberts, W. A., 16 Thirty-eighth street, Ciiicago. Williams, W. H., Batavia. Williams, C. O., Batavia. Indiana. Carmody, J. D., Evansville. Dorner, Frederick, Lafayette. Heinl, John G., Terre Haute. Hill, E. G., Richmond. Palmer, Mrs. F. H.. La Porte. Rieman, Cliarles, Indianapolis. Teas, E. Y., Dunreith. Troxell, A., Knightstown. Wade, F. H., Evansville. Wiegand, A., Indianapolis. lo wa. Cole, C. C, Des ]SIoines. Green, W., Davenport. Harkett, AV. A., Dubuque. Higley, H. G., 41 Second avenue. Cedar Rapids. Hoffmeister Bros., Fort Madison. Kellenberger, John U., Fort Dodge. Kramer, .Judson IL, Marion. Temple, John T., Davenport. Kansas. Bristol, Miss E. R., Topeka. Kirkpatrick, Archie, Leavenworth. Kftitucky. Bell, W. S., Lexington. Fries, John, Covington. Jackson, Thomas, Covington. Morat, Francis, Ormsby avenue, Louisville. Nanz, C. J., Ovvensborough. Loutsiati a. Eblen, John, Sixth street. New Or- leans. Power, Edmond, Frankfort. Schulz, Jacob, Cave Hill, Louis- ville. Walker, William, Highland and Everett avenues, Louisville. Luciens, F., White st. bet. St. Peter and Toulouse sts. , New Orleans. 144 APPENDIX. Maine. Dennett, Miss N., Brunswick. Marylati d. Barger, Frederick G., 208 Green Mountain avenue, Baltimore. Cook, Jolni, 74 N. (Jliarles street, Baltimore. Dahoff, Mrs. ,J. W., North street, Hagerstowi). Donn, John. Baltimore. Eichelberger, II., 188 Madison av- enne, Baltimore. Feast, J. E., Baltimore. Frazier, AVilliam, 277 E. Baltimore street, Baltimore. Grant, Donald 8., Govanstown, Baltimore county. Massachusett - . Adams, C. Thompson, West Med- way. Breed, E. W., Clinton. Brydon, J., Yarmouthport. Barrett, E. C.,57 Ilaskinson street, Maiden. Bock, Wm. A., North Cambridge, Chandler, G. F., South Lancaster. Elliott, William, Kendrick street, Boston. Fisher, F. C, South Sudbury. Gale, W. F., Springfield. Gleason, F. B., Marlboro'. Herrick, N. J., Springiield. Liunell, J. W., 14 Chapman Place, Boston. McCarthy. N. F., 9 Park street, Boston. Michigan. Boehme, A., Battle Creek. Chapman, F. A., Grand Rapids. Hancock, J. G., Grand Haven, Hughes, Wellington, Hillsdale. Jones, D. C, Detroit. Minnesota. Blumm, Edward, St. Paul. Mendenhall, B. J., Minneapolis. Smith, C. A., Minneapolis. Moses, F. H., Bucksport. Haliiday, William J., Liberty IJoad, Baltimore. Haliiday, Robert J., Baltimore. Harold, F. W., Salisbury. Herman, Charles, Frederick. Iless, Conrad, Waverly. Millmaij, F. X., Cumberland. McCormick, John, 74 \V. Charles street, Baltimore. Pentland, James, Baltimore. Thomas, Mrs. Mary J., 83 N. Charles street, Baltimore. Meade, Thomas II., Dorcliester. Montgomery. Alexander, Natick. Moss, II. B,, Natick, O'Brien, James, Jamaica Plains. Patten, Marcellus, Lowell. Palmer, Frederick, Brookline. Shaw, E. D., Holyoke. Sheppard, E., Lowell, Stewart, William J., 67 Bromheld street, Boston. Sully, George II., Springfield. Tailby, Joseph, Wellesley. Ward, J. M., Peabody. Welch, P.. Tremont street, Bos- ton. White, John, Pittslield. Wood, W. R., West Newton. Zirngiebel, 1)., Needham. Mann, Harry, Lansing. Smith, D. P., Flint, Sullivan, J, Frederick, 985 Gratiot avenue, Detroit. Taplin, Stephen, Detroit. Swanson, A. S., State Reform School, St. Paul, Wunder, John, Winona, APPENDIX. 145 Missout i Armstrong, Luther, Kirkwood. Berdan, Albert, 2724 W. Grand avenue, St. J^ouis. Brown, Daniel S., 2311 S. Thir- teenth street, St. Louis. Brown, R. S., Kansas City. Connor, Charles, 2742 Olive street, St. Louis. Davison, James, 70S Olive street, St. Louis. Ellison,W., 2602 Olive st.,St. Louis. Jordan, J. M., 706 Olive street, St. Louis. Juengel, C. A., 1843 Linn street, St. Louis. Kuehn, C. A., 1432 Morgan street, St. Louis. Michel, Henry, 708 Olive street, St. Louis. ]^eilson, Hans, St. Joseph. Sanders, C. C, 1214 Olive street, St. Louis. Schray, William, 4104 Pennsyl- vania avenue, St. Louis. Waldbert, Alexander, cor. Grand avenue, St. Louis. Young, William, St. Louis. Young, James, St. Louis. Nebrasl. a. Dunaghue, A., Omaha. New Jersey. Asmus, Rudolph, New Durham. Bishop, William R., Burlington. Binstead, George W., Summit. Boch, .Jerome, Burlington. Bridgeman, Thomas, Raraseys. Butler, C, Summit. Carre, W. P., Mantna. Chew, Charles W., Glassboro'. Chinnick, W. J., Trenton. Collins, Lew, Bordentcwn. Cook, John A., Beverly. Cosgrove, Frank, Madison. Dahl,Carl, Mt. Holly. Denman, C. S., Summit. Edwards, Theodore, Bridgeton. Esler, J. G., Saddle River. Esler, A., Saddle River. Field, G. T., Middletown. Gardiner, John G , Jobstown. Gates, Nicholas, Summit. Gates, George, Summit, Goode, James, Summit. Goble, Frederick, Verona. Hancock, L. R., Burlington. Henderson, Peter, Jersey City. Henderson, Charles, Jersey City. Hicks, J. M., Summit. Jones, Thomas, Short Hills. Leonard, J. H., lona. Leonard, James L., lona. Lukens, J. H., Bmlington. May, Jolm N., Summit. Marple, C. C, Camden. McDonald, Robert, Summit. McGall, H. J., Orange. McMahon, Frank, Seabright. Miller, John, West Hoboken. Monahau. James, Madison. O'Neil, Thomas, Long Branch. Roehrs, Julius, Rutherford. Schmidt, P. A., Long Branch. Schweiuhagen, C, Camden. Schultz, Alexander, Pliillipsburg. Sturtevant, E. D., Bordentown. Taplin, James, May wood. Thurston, W. J., Ramseys. To well, Josepli, Patterson. Turuley, C. William, Camden. Vogt, William, Camden. Ward, P. J., Bloomfield. Witheridge, Charles, Newark. 10 146 APPENDIX. Nt IV Tork. Allen, W. S., 940 BroadwHy, New York. Allen, C. L,, Garden City. Allen, J. W., Hudson. Anderson, Charles, Flushing, L. I. Belding, George S., Middletown. Benz, Albert, Douglaston. Bennett, W. G., Flatbush. Bennett, A. W., Flatbush. Benedict, George H., Utica. Bussard. Henry, Yonkers. Burke, F. H., Long Island City. Buchanan, Isaac, 407 Fifth ave- nue. New York. Childs, J. L., Queens. Cosgrove. J. A., Sparkhill. Colton, George T. N., 079 Broad- way, New York. Crosman Bros., Rochester. Dean, James, Bay Ridge. Dingwall, John, 1020 Broadway, Albany. Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester. Falconer, William, Glen Cove. Ferris, J. D., 120 Liberty street. New York. Fish, J. G., Whitney's Point. Gordon, Frederick, 71 Broadway, New York. Gross, George, 17 S. William street, New York. Hammond, James A., 51 W. Thir- tieth street, New York. Hamilton, F., 290 Bay st.,Stapleton. Hall, W. W., E. Holley, Hudson. Hart, .James, 117 W. Thirtieth street. New York. Hermann, A., 413 E. Thirty-fourth street. New York. Henshaw, Samuel, New Brighton, Staten Island. Hittman, Peter B., Box 85, E. New York. Koran, Edward C, 905 Broadway, New York. Howland, T. A., 401 Wells' Build- ing and 18 Broadway, New York. Hunter, F. D., 51 W. Thirtieth street, New York. Jansen, E., 154 W. Nineteenth street. New York. Joosten, C. H., 22 New Church street. New York. Kadletz, John, Stapleton, Staten Island. Keller, J. N., Bay Ridge. Kellar, Samuel, 122 W. Twenty- fifth street. New York. Keelar, L. J., Rochester. Kelsey, F. W., 208 Broadway, New York. Kricks, W. C.,950 Gates avenue, Brooklyn. Krombach, Charles, Brooklyn. Long, D. B., 57 Niagara street, Buffalo. Lord, F. A., Irvington. Lorenze, George, Astoria. Matthews, William, Utica. Marc, Charles J., Woodside. Mensing, C. J. S., Rochester. Meissner, B., Flatbush. Messeburg, Gus., Flatbush. Messeburg, Gus., Jr., Flatbush. Mills, M. H., Biiighamton. Miller, E. S., Wading River. McAllister, F. E.,22 Dey street. New York. Morgan, James, Auburn, Nilson, William, Woodlawn. Nutt, S. A., 224 W. Forty-first street. New York. Parsons, Edward W., West Chester. Peck, John B., Rye, West Ciiester county. Pierson, F. R., Tarry town. Pickle, Samuel, 124 S street. New York. Plenty, Joseph, 144 Pearl street, New York. Quinlan, P. R., 199 W. Genesee street, Syracuse. Ross, Duncan, 525 Fifth avenue, New York. Roehrs, Theodore, 153 W. Thirty- first street, New York. Rolker, J. E., 44 Dey street. New York. APPENDIX. 147 Neiv York — Continued. Salter, R. G., Rochester. Salter, A. H., Rochester. Savage, George, care W. S. Kim- ball, Rocliester. Scollay, Joiin A., 74 Myrtle avenue, Brooklyn. Scollay, U. G., 74 Myrtle avenue, Brooklyn. Schultheis, T., College Point. Schlegel, Frederick, 260 South av- enue, Rochester. Scott, William, Buffalo. Shuplielt, R. E., Chatham. Siebrecht, Henry A., 409 Fifth av- enue, New York. Siebrecht, Louis, East Hinsdale. Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria. Smith, H. W.,66 Cortlandt street. New York. Steffens, N., 335 E. Twenty-first street. New Y'ork. Stetson, George T., Port Jervis. Taylor, John H., Bayside. Terwillifjer, S. F., Saratoga Sp'ngs. Thorpe, John, East Hinsdale. Thomman, Gustav, 462 Tenth av- enue. New York. Vick, P'rank H., Rochester. A-^ick, Edward H., Rocliester. Wall, II. M., 192 West street. New York. Wagner, R. H., 22 Vesey street, New York. Weathered, T. W., 40 Marion street, New York. Weimer, E. W., Mt. Vernon. Wilson, W. C, Astoria. Young, Thomas, Jr., New York. North Carolina. Lamb, James M., Fayetteville. Lamb, George P., Wilmington. Stienmetz, W., Raleigh. Ohio. Behrens, H., Middletown. Bolia, William, 1047 Colerain ave- nue, Cincinnati. Bonsall, Joseph E., Salem. Brosius, A. I)., Wooster. Corbett, George, College Hill. Congdon, A. R., Oberlin. Dunlap, John, Queen's Hotel, To- ronto. Eadie, Andrew, Cleveland. Evans, Maurice, Columbus. Gasser, J. M., Cleveland. Georsre, Robert, Painesville. Glinns, Henry, 639 Vine street, Cincinnati. Glens, Joseph, Cumrainsville. Graliam, Adam, Cleveland. Harrison, Bert. T., Painesville. Harrison, J, J., Painesville. Heinl, G. A., Toledo. Hippard, E., Youngstown. Huntsman, Frank, Walnut street, Cincinnati. Imlay, .John D., Zanesville. Jaynes, Harry C, 84 Euclid ave- nue, Cleveland. Jackson, S. S., Cincinnati. James, A. C, Mt. Healthy. Kayser, Karl, Newburg. Koethen, E. L., Zanesville. Lamborn, Leroy, Alliance. Loder, John, Hamilton. McCuUough, A., 134 Walnut street, Cincinnati. " McFaddan, F. T., 119 Broadway, Cincinnati. McKinney, W. H., 187 and 189 W. Fourth street, Cincinnati. Mitchell, C. L., P. O. Box 188, Cincinnati. Miller, Mrs. E., Ironton. Murphy, Roger, Urbana. Murphy, George C, Urbana, Murphy, Robert J., Beecliwood. Nolan, W. C, Cincinnati. Paddock, E. J., Newberg. 148 APPENDIX. Ohio— Continued. Penney, John M., Newark. Pentland, Francis, Lockland. Peterson, Julius A., 195 W. Fourth street, Cincinnati. Pierce, L. P., Tallmadge. Keeser, C A., Springfield. Eitter, Herman, Dayton. Romans, John B., 24 N. High street, Columbus. Schaefer, R., Denham street, Fair- mount, Cincinnati. Sell ram m, B., Toledo. Smith, n. P., Piqua. I'ennsylx ania. Alburger, E. F., Ridge avenue and Huntingdon street, Piiila. Anderson, (ieorge. Fifty-second and Woodland avenue, Phila. Ander, John E., Doylestown. Ball, C. D., Holmesburg. Barrows, James, Wakefield street, (jrermantown. Bader, John, Allegheny. Banyard, Edward, Thirtieth street and Ridge avenue, Phila. Ballantine, J. D., 714 S. Eleventh street, Philadelphia. Battles, H. H., 1204 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Bayersdorfer, H., 56 N. Fourth street, Philadelphia. Beam, David, 2311 Wallace street, Philadelphia. Becker, Jacob, Fifty-second and Market streets, Pliiladelphia. Bell, W. T., Franklin. Bender, George J., Lewisburg. Billger, William A., 5670 German- town avenue, Philadelphia. Bissett, Miss Annie A., 333 Tasker street, Philadelphia. Blanc, A., 314 N. Eleventh street, Pliiladelphia. Brogan, Joiin, Fifty-fourth and Woodland avenue, Philadelphia. Brechemin, W. K., 935 S. Second street, Philadelphia. Stearns, A. M., Lockland. Sunderbruch, H. L., 200>^ W. Fourth street, Cincinnati. Swaby, R. W., O. S. and S. O. Home, Xeuia. Underwood, J. N., Cheviot. Walz, Frederick, Cumminsville. Wills, Bert F., Akron. Wilson, John, 707 Superior street, Toledo. Wilson, .John, College Hill. White, Miss Annie, Salem. Wheeler, H. M., Perry. Burton, John, Wyndmoor, Chest- nut Hill, Philadelphia. Burpee, W. Atlee, 475 N. Fifth street, Philadelphia. Cassell, J. C, 1207 Columbia ave- nue, Philadelphia. Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Cartledge, Tiiomas, 1514 Cliestnut street, i'hiladelphia. Campbell, J. H., 8601 Germantown avenue, Philadelphia. Childs, Tliomas H., 725 Filbert street, Philadelpliia. Cliffe, David, Johnson street, Ger- man to wii. Clark, G. R., Scranton. Coiton, E. B., Tenth and Chest- nut streets, Philadelphia. Cochrane, W., 211 Price street, Pliiladelphia. Colflesh, J. William, Fifty-third and Woodland avenue, Phila, Coles, W. W., Lansdowne. Copper, John, Xewtown, Bucks county. Connelly, John J., Bryn Mawr. Connell, Benjamin, West Grove. Conner, D. T., Chester. Crawford, W. N., 106 S. Sixteenth street, Pliiladelphia. Craig, Robert, Forty-ninth and Market streets, Philadelphia. APPENDIX. 149 Pennsylvania— Continued. Crall, C. S., Monongahela City. Crawford, Robert, Jr., 235 8. Elev- enth street, Philadelphia. Curtin, T)., Twentieth street and Nicetown avenue, Philadt^lphia. Curwin, John, Jr., Villa Is'ova, Philadelphia. Dewitt, Thomas, Bristol. Dick, .Joliii, Jr., Fifty-second and Woodland avenue, Philadelphia. Dillon, J. L., Bloomsburg. Dorrance, B. F., Wilkesbarre. Downs, Alexandei-, Ridse and Le- high avenues, Philadelphia. Dreer, William F., 714 Chestnut street, Piiiladelpl)ia. Dreer, Mrs. IT. A., Pliiladelphia. Edwards, W. L., Moore's P. O. Edwards, Odin R., 1029 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Eisele, C, 1500 N. Eleventh street, Philadelphia. Eldridge, W. M., Wilkesbarre. Elliott, Benjamin A., Pittsburgh. Engler, Henry, Forty-seventh st. and Lancaster avenue, Phila. Evans, C. F., Rowlandville, Phil- adelphia. Evans, George C, Rowlandville, Philadelphia. Evans, Frank M., Washington. Farson, D. D. L., Fiftieth street and Westminster avenue, Phila. Fancourt, W. F., Thirty-fourth street and Ridge avenue, Phila. Fancourt, George E., Wilkesbarre. Fergusson, Miss, Ridge and Le- high avenues, Philadelphia. Fergusson, F. M., Ridge avenue, Philadelphia. Fergusson, Robert, Ridge avenue, Philadelphia. Finley, J. G., 1020 Arch street, Philadelphia. Fitzgerald, William J., Bryn Mawr. Foukls, Thomas, Hoyt P. O., Mont- gomery county. Fries, J. A., Bethlehem. Frederick, William, Jenkintown. Garrow, H. S., 47 Federal street, Allegheny. Gebhai'd, William, Germantown. Geiger, H. C, 614 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. George, James, Supt. Allegheny Cemetery, Pittsburgh. German, Edward, Altoona. Giles, J. H., Reading. Graham, Hugh, Seventeenth and Thompson streets, "Phila. Graham, William, Seventeenth and Thompson streets, Pliila. Grigg, C. H., 1204 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Haubert, John, Belmont, Phila- delphia. Harris, W. K., Fifty-fifth and Woodland avenue, Phila. Haenze, C. A., Pliiladelphia. Hanson, AVilliam H., 1731 Filbert street, Philadelphia. Hahman, F., Harrowgate Lane, Philadelphia. Hacker, William, Philadelphia. Heron, Richard, 1735 Cliestnut street, Philadelphia. Herr, Albert M., Lancaster. Heacock, Joseph, Jenkintown. Hillborn, Watson T., Newtown, Bucks county. Hoskins, G. H., Reading. Hoffmeistler, Cliristian, Jumon- ville. Hutton, James, Righter street, Lower Roxborough, Phila. Hunter, C. F., 5550 Lansdowne avenue, Philadelphia. Hughes, J. M., Bryn Mawr. James, H. Q., Altoona. Jennings, C. W., Olney, Philadel- phia. Jennings, J. W., Olney, Philadel- phia. Jones, A. E., Eighth and Arch streets, Pliiladelphia. Joyce, William, Philadelphia. Kaufmann, Ernst, Fourth street, above Race, Philadelphia. ]50 APPENDIX. Pennsylvania— Cuviinue'i. Kahlert, C. W., 1514 Chestnut street, Pliiladelpliiiv. Kemp, J. G., Asylum Road, Pliil- adelphia. Kift, Robert, 1721 Chestnut street, Pliiladelphia. Kift, Joseph, West Chester. Kirchner, Conrad, Twenty- first street and Allegheny avenue, Pliiladelphia. Koehler, Julius, Frankford, Phil- adelphia. Koehler, W. II., 4000 Germantown avenue, Philadelphia. Krayer, J. E., Media. Kreles, F. 8., 543 Belgrade street, Philadelphia. La Roche, M. F., Thirteenth and Chestnut streets, Piiiladelpiiia. Lamb, Cliarles P., Wyndmoor, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. Landes, Lemon, Lancaster. Lonsdale, Edwin, Wyndmoor, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. Lucking, Mrs. Kate E., Fifty- fourth street and Fairmount av- enue, Pliiladelphia. Lul/., August, 311 N. Thirty- second street, Philadelphia. Marchuetz, Joseph, 25 N. Fourth street, Philadel|>hia. Marvin & Wagle, 387 and 389 Main street, Wilkesbarre. Maybury, Thomas, Pittsburgh. Maule, William II., 1713 Filbert street, Philadelphia. Makin, E., Paschalville, Philadel- phia. Mack, Christopher, 321 S. Twen- tieth street, Philadelphia. Ma'-ot, C. H., 814 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Mernaw, William, Sixth and Som- erset streets, Philadelphia. Meyers, Jacob, Lancaster. Meehan, W. E., Germantown, Philadelphia. McCarthy, T. J., Ridge and Le- high avenues, Philadelphia. McClintock, Logan E., Harris- burg. McFarland, J. Horace, 107 and 109 Cumberland St., Harrisburg. McMurray, Joseph, 1502 Master street, Philadelphia. Michell, H., 714 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Mish, D. Hammond, cor. Fourth and Chestnut streets, Lebanon. Moore, G. S., 2259 Franklin street, Philadelpliia. Moon, S. C, Morrisville. Myers, Thomas J., Jr., 1173 8. Ninth street, Philadelphia. Myers, F. II., 1173 S. Ninth street, Philadelphia. Myers, J. II., Altoona. Murdock, Alexander, Pittsburgh. Murdock, William, Pittsburgh. Murdock, F. C, Pittsburgh. Nisbet, John, 1735 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Nitterhouse, J. F., Waynesboro'. O'Brien, M. J., Sliaron. Otter, Harold, Doylestown, Bucks county. Pegge, Henry, Howard and Som- erset streets, Philadeliihia. Perkins, John J., Sixteenth street, Philadelphia. Pennock, C. E., 30 S. Sixteenth street, Philadelphia. Petterson, Gustave, Harrisburg. Pennock, A. L., Lansdowne. Price, C. S., Lansdowne. Ramsden, J. B , Morton. Reist, Nathe E., Limerick. Reig, John, Jenkintown. Reineuian, E. C, Allegheny. Rice, M., Eightli and Arch streets, Philadelphia. Rimby, Horace, Collegeville. Robb, R. R., Jr., Pliiladelphia, Rohrer, A. D., Lancaster. Ilohrer, H. D., Lancaster. Robertson, Thomas, 22 J3 Fair- mount avenue, Philadelphia. Roberts, C. C, Philadelphia. AITENDIX. 151 Pennsylvania- Continued. Kupp, Henry S., Shiremantown. Savage, John, 43 Brown street, riiiladelphia. Scott, Alexander B., Nineteenth and Catharine streets, Phila. Schroyer, George AV., Lancaster. Schi'oj'er, H. A., Lancaster. Schmidt, Joseph, Harrisburg. Schafmeister, John, Harrisburg. Slieetz, Peter E., Kensington ave- nue, Philadelphia. Siielmire, W. IL, Avondale. Sliumard, William P., Avondale. Simpson, Robert, Frankford, Phil- adelpiiia. Siebert, Charles T., Pittsburgh. Smith, W. H., 1018 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Smith, J. Y., Doylestown. Stuetzer,E.,Germantown and Sus- quehanna avenues, Phila. Stevens, F., Lansdowne. Stauffer, Abram, Lancaster. Strong, O. H., Oil City. Strouch, C. L., Pottsville. Strouch, N. P., Pottsville. Stone, H. C, Woodland avenue, Philadelphia. Stahl, B., Thirteenth and Chest- nut streets, Philadelpliia. Starr, Charles T., Avondale. Swayne, William, Kennett Square. Taplin, W. H., Holmesburg. llhode Island. Batclier, William, Pitman street, Providence. Burrough, George A., Cook street. Providence. Thomas, AV. D.,4121 Parish street, Philadelphia. Wagner, W. H., 1224 Ridge ave- nue, Philadelphia. Waterer, H., f6 N. Thirty-eighth street, Philadelphia. Westcott, W. H., Second street, below Tioga street, Pliila. Weiss, Eugene, Eighth and Arch streets, Philadelphia. Westcott, John, 1514 Chestnut street, Pliiladelphia. Whilldin, J. G., 713 and 715 Whar- ton street, Pliiladelphia. Whiting, W. H., Wellsboro'. Wilkinson, Sidney, 714 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Winters, Thomas J., Commerce street, Harrisburg. Wintzer, A., West Grove. Williams, Albert, Sharon. Woods, D. R., New Brighton. Woods, David, Holmewood Ceme- tery, Pittsburgh. Wood, James P., 39 S. Fourth street, Philadelphia. Wuttke, F. W.,Etna. Wynings, R. AV., Lebanon. Wyatt, William H., 236 N. Thir- teenth street, Philadelphia. Young, W. J., School street, Ger- mantown, Philadelphia. Connor, T. O., Providence. Johnson, George, Elmwood. Jurgens, Carl, Newport. South Carolina. Thompson, Mrs. J. S. R., Spartanburg. Vermont. Allen, C. E., Brattleboro'. Bryant, Henry, St. Albans. Virginia. Reynolds, Benjamin, Norfolk. Robertson, John, Alexandria. Cook, George, St. Albans. Roper, C. E., 408 West C street, Richmond. 152 APPENDIX. West Virginia. Hiehle, Adolph, Wlieeling. Krieger, William F., Superintend- ent Parks, Wheeling. Wisconsin. Carrie, William, Milwaukee. Dilger, F. P., Milwaukee. Dilger, M. P., Milwaukee. Dorner, II.," Milwaukee. Ellis, Frank R., Milwaukee. Freytag, J., Milwaukee. Gordon, Mrs. George, Milwaukee. Canada. Bennett, J., Montreal. Campbell, C, 40 Rudegonde street, Montreal. France. Benard, E., 51 Route, Orleans. Meyer, Fritz R., Savannah. Haentze, E., Fond du Lac. Jewett, Z. K., Sparta. Le Febre, John, North Greenfield. Middlemass, A., Milwaukee. Ninicke, C, Milwaukee. Salzer, H. A., La Crosse. Cape, John, Winnipeg. Dale, IL, Brampton, Ontario. Eraser, Mrs. Agnes, Toronto. APPENDIX. 153 SUPPLEMENT TO MEMBERSHIP LIST. Asmus, Ernest, West Hoboken, K. J. Auger, B. C, Fort Wayne, Ind. Avery, Cliarles H., Madison, Wis. Appleton, Thomas, Lake; Forest, 111. Butz, Paul, New Castle, Pa. Bastow, W. D., Wellington, Kan. Beck, (/harles K., iSoldiers' Home, Dayton, O. Bellville, J. B., Cedar Point, Hamilton county, O. Bertrand, Henry, Carthage Pike, Avon- dale, O. Becker, Frank, Cambridge, Mass. Bettman, John G., New Albany, Ind. Buettner, C, Deadwood, Dakota. Bonner, E., Xenia, O. Bunde, A, H., St. Paul, Minn. Brunner, C. A., Cincinnati, O. Berterman, William, Indianapolis, Ind. Berterman, Jolm, Indianapolis, Ind. Bussard, Henry, Yonkers, N. Y. Bochman, E. II., Pittsburgh, Pa. Bauuigarten,('harles, Milwaukee, Wis. Coglan, R. W., Miles Center, 111. Critchell, B. P., Fourth street, Cin- cinnati, O. Cornelli, Edward, Indianapolis, Ind. Clark, David, Broadway, New York city. Clark, Samuel, Fountain Grove, Santa Bosa county, Cal. Cartwright, George, Dedham, Mass. Carbon, Joseph, Des Plaines, 111. Cooley, Mrs. H. Clay, Manchester, O. Cefrey, A. T., 37 Tremont street, Bos- ton, Mass. Crusman, J. J., Clarksville, Tenn. Cincinnati Desiccating Company, Cin- cinnati, O. Clarke, E. C, Springfield, Mass. Calvert, F., Lake" Forest, 111. Carington, R. C. S., Worcester, Eng. Caldwell, Thomas N., Carthage,*0. Casper, L. A., Council Bluffs, la. Carters, Thomas J., Lake View, 111. Conroy, Edward, Cincinnati, O. Drobisch, Gustave, Columbus, O. Dorval,Victor,Woodside, Long Island, N. Y. DeVry, H. J., Ciiicago, 111. Dresel, Augustus, Chicago, 111. , Dumont, S. M., Vevay, Ind. Deneke, Charles, Henderson, Ky. Downs, William, Evanston, 111. Doswell, George W., Fort AVayne, Ind. DeForest, W. IL, Summit, N. J. Devine, Peter, 183 Canal street, Chi- cago, 111. Eliot, Edward, 411 Milwaukee street, Milwaukee, Wis. Ellis, Marcus, Keene, N. H. Edlefson, Lavis, St. Paul, Minn. Edlefson, William, Milwaukee, Wis. Forder, Alfred, East Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, O. Fisclier, Albert, Woodburn avenue, Cincinnati, O. Fries, John, Newport, Ky. Fairchild, O. P., 20 East Fifth street, Covington, Ky. Finn, John, Second avenue. New York city. Fisher, Sewell, Framingham, Mass. Franks, Thomas, Champaign, 111. Frazer, William, Baltimore, Md. Goode, Frank, Springfield, O. Goode, John, Chicago, 111. Getz, Charles A., Harrison Pike, Cin- cinnati, O. * Genteman, C. F. W., Quincy, 111. Gibbs, J. F., Perrysville, Pa. Gray, Walter, Kirby Road, Cummins- ville, Cincinnati, O. Glins, Joseph, Spring Grove avenue, Cincinnati, O. Griffitli, N. L., Independence, Mo. 154 APPENDIX. Guy, Everett W., Belleville, 111. Grimmer, C. P., 51 West street, Bos- ton, Mass. Grew, Mrs. J. W., Independence, Kan. Gallup, C. R., Denver, Col. Guy, T. W., Klmmswiek, Mo. Guy, E. AV., Belleville, 111. Giddings, A., Danville, 111. Huston, Frank, Milton, Ind. Hellenthal, John 11., Columbus, O. Hamilton, William, Allegheny, Pa. Heath, Robert, Woodstock, Ontario, Can. Hasp, Philip F., College Hill, Hamil- ton county, O. Heikes, W. F., Huntsville, Ala. Hoeffner, Henry, Hamilton, O. Hall, William E., Clyde, O. Henaker, D., Louisville, Ky. Hilker, Henry, Indianapolis, Ind. Hodson, George, North Springfield, Mo. Heffron, D. S., Washington Heights, HI. Henecke, C, Milwaukee, Wis. Heinl, Lawrence, Terre Haute, Ind. Hews, A. T.,Xorth (Jambridge, ISIass. Herline, Herman, Cumminsville, Cin- cinnati, O. Hoppenmutte, Paul, Milwaukee, Wis. Ilerinze, K., Fond da Lac, Wis. Hull, William, College Hill, O. Hoffman, Jacob, Sta. A., Cincinnati, O. Helms, Walter, Janesville, Wis. Jackson, Tliomas, Sycamore street, Cincinnati, O. Jackson, 8. S., Cincinnati, O. Jackson, Albert T., Bowmanville, 111. Jones, John, Madison, N. J. King, James, Chicago, 111. Knott, David, Jr., Avondale, Cincin- nati, O. Kolthoff, Frederick K., Oak street, Walnut Hi. Is, Cincinnati, O. Knost, C Portsmouth, O. Knott, David, Sr., Avondale, O. Keller, John, 15 Lexington avenue, Indianapolis, Ind. LeMoult, A., 174 Bowery, New York city. Losey, J. W., LaCrosse, Wis. Lanham, Harry, Memphis, Tenn. Lauer, Anton, Cave Hill, Louisville, Ky. Lockhurst, Frederick J., Chicago, 111. Mumma, George R., Dayton, O. Morat, Francis, Ormsby avenue, Louis- ville, Ky. Murdocii, James, Smithfield street, Pittsburgh, Pa. Maitre, R., Magazine street. New Or- leans, La. Mclntyre, J. W., Fulton, Mo. McConnell, J. T., Fulton, Mo. Mclntyre, Daniel, Nashville, Tenn. McGall, II. J., Orange, N. J. Morat, Edward, Fourtli street, Louis- ville, Ky. Moore, George, Milton, Ind. McKellar, William, Chillicothe, O. McBeth, Thomas, .Springfield, O. Morton, William E., 615 Congress street, Portland, Me. Mensiug & Steelier, 336 North St. Paul street, Rochester, N. Y. McNally, E., Louisville, Ky. Manthey, A., Cincinnati, O. Mullert, Hugo, Cincinnati, O. Miller, Charles, Westwood, Cincin- nati, O. Mathews, W. G., Dayton. O. Newitt, W. G., Grand Boulevard, Chi- cago, 111. Neuner, Charles, St. Matthews, Jeffer- son county, Ky. Neuner, Alfred, Fourth street, Louis- ville, Ky. Norton, Michael, Hotel Berkeley, Bos- ton, Mass. Nixon, E. S., Chattanooga, Tenn. Ohmer, Nicholas, Dayton, O. Purvis, R. J., Havelock, 111. Parker, George L., Dorchester, Mass. Probasco, Henry, Oakwood, Clifion, Cincinnati, O. Pitcher, James R., Short Hills, N. J. Peters, C, A., Price's Hill, Cincinnati, O. Palmer, W. J., 306 Main street, Buf- falo, N. Y. APPENDIX. 155 Ray, Alfred, 33 Drummond street, Montreal, Can. Ramsey, James R., Nashville, Tenn. Reed, John, Everett, Mass. Rliodemeyer, George E., Pliiladelphia. Roeskey, H., Marysville, Kan. Smith, W. L., Aurora, 111. Sunderbruch, Augustus, Cincinnati, O. Schuster, Mrs. Theodore, 519 Herkimer street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Singler, N., Washington Heights, 111. Schiller & Kuske, Niles Center, 111. Sulzer, Frederick, Lake View, Chi- cago, 111. Spence, John, Santa Barbara, Cal. Seitner, E., Dayton, O. Schaefner, R., Denham street, Cincin- nati, O. Sailer, Isaac D., Third and Walnut streets, Philadelphia, Pa Smith, W. B., Cincinnati, O. Swartling, C, Indianapolis, Ind. Simmons, D. C, 115 Monroe street, Chicago, 111. Starr, A. R., Joliet, 111. Saunders, Edgar, Wright's Grove, Chicago, 111. Sayler, J. A., Baysville, Long Island, N.Y. Swalm, A. J., Hazleton, Pa. Shaw, J. Austin, Cook county, 111. Suder, Mrs. E., 181 Summit street, To- ledo, O. Treadway, J. T., Brandt, O. Tracy, S. M., Columbia, Mo. Tait, Thomas, Port Richmond, IST. Y. Tliompson, George, Cave Hill, Louis- ville, Ky. Taylor, D. L., Melrose, Mass. Therkidson, P. H., Ironton, O. Taylor, C. W.,New Brighton, Pa. Underwood, William, Ludlow, Ky. Union and Advertiser Company, Roch- ester, N. Y. Unverzogt, Louis, Springfield, 111. Vogt, William, Camden, N. J. Whitcomb, A., Lawrence, Kan. Whitnall, F., Milwaukee, Wis. Wilson, William C, Aatoria, N. Y. AVelch, George, Madison, N. J. Weiniioeber, E., 417 Elm street, Chi- cago, 111. Will, Oscar H., Bismarck, Dak. Warder, R. IL, North Bend, O. Wilson, George W., Maiden, Mass. Walker, Herbert G., New Albany, Ind. Woolcott, F. A., Batavia, 111. Whiteley, S., Racine, Wis. Williams, John, College Hill, O. Wilson, John, College Hill, O. Wilson, James S , 3415 Olive street, St. Louis, Mo. Young & Elliott, 54 Dey street, New York city. • . ^-^ vt!^ ^WNi