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UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
LIBRARY
SB
403
S6
13tb
1897
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
Thirteenth Annual Convention
OF the
Society of American Florists
HELD AT
PROVIDENCE, R. I., AUGUST 17th, 15th, 19th pS» 20th,
1S97
COPYRIGHTED. 1597. BY WM. J. STEWART, SECRETARY.
3»i>*mni«nii>ij.i.M.^.,
LIBRARY
r ^ • if
^T •■fl|BRo *• •■ •
^ 3 -f , T CHAPEL
\
o F F I c e: RS
OF THE
Society of Hmerican 3f lorists
AND ORNAENTAL HORTICULTURISTS.
yor 1807,
President.
Adam Graham, Cleveland, 0.
Vice-President.
Farquhar Macrae, Providence, K. I.
Secretary.
Wm. J. Stewart, Boston, Mass.
Treasurer.
H. B. Beatty, Oil City, Pa.
\ Executive Committee.
For One Year: For Two Years:
Jackson Dawson, Jamaica Plain, Mass. Grove P. Rawson, Elmira, N. Y. J. F. CowELL, Buffalo, N. Y.
W. K. Harris, Philadelphia, Pa. J. G. EsLER, Saddle River, N. J. W. N. RuDD, Mt. Groenwood, 111.
For Three Years: Elmer D. Smith, Adrian, Mich. I W. F. Gude, Washington, D. C.
Geo. M. Kellogg, Pleasant Hill, Mo.
fox 1898*
/» President.
W. r. Gude, Washington, D. C.
Vice=President.
A. DoNAGHUE, Omaha, Neb.
Secretary.
Wm. J. Stewart, Boston, Mass.
Treasurer.
H. B. Beatty, Oil City, Pa.
Executive Committee.
For One Year: W. K. Harris, Philadelphia, Pa. J. G. EsLER, Saddle River, N. J. W. N. RuDD, Mt. Greenwood, 111.
For Two Years: Elmer D. Smith, Adrian, Mich. W. F. Gude, Washington, D. C. Geo. M. Kellogg, Pleasant Hill, Mo.
For Three Years: Tlu-ee Members to be appointed by the President-elect, January 1, 1898.
a'//^^
PROCEEDINGS.
Providence, R. I., Tuesday, Aug. 17, 1897.
The Society of American Florists assembled in thirteenth annual convention, this day in Music Hall, Providence. All parts of the country were represented in the sessions of the Convention, . and a large number of accessions to the membershij) were reported by the Secretary. The genuine New England hospitality of the local clubs of Providence and Newport contributed to make the Convention one of the most enjoyable of the annual reunions of the Society. The trade exhibit in the lower hall of the Convention building was the most complete collection of greenhouse and gar- den products and appliances that had ever been seen in Provi- dence, the plant display being especially noteworthy.
In the Convention Hall, plant and floral decorations abounded. The speakers' platform, surrounded by a massive bank of palms and ferns, with rows of lilies and cannas, was a bower of beauty. Secreted behind the foliage an orchestra entertained the delegates with enlivening music prior to the hour of meeting.
WELCOME TO PROVIDENCE AND A RESPONSE.
The first session of the Convention was opened by Vice- President Farquhar Macrae (the President of the Florists' and Gardeners' Club of Rhode Island), who cordially welcomed the Society of American Florists, on behalf of the local club. He said that this agreeable duty had been assigned to him by his associates, and he desired to assure his hearers, in all sincerity, that it was hoped to make their visit so enjoyable and the recollections of it so pleasant that, when the time came again to invite them to the shores of Narragansett Bay, they would unhesitatingly answer, " Yes, we accept ; we will be glad to go where we had such a pleasant time at the Convention of 1897." [Applause.]
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
Hon. Edavin D. McGuinness, the Mayor of the City of Providence, upon being introduced by Chairman Macrae, was heartily applauded. He said : —
Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen — The pleasure afforded me to-day of extending to the delegates of the Society of American Flor- ists, our city's welcome, is- as gratifying as was the opportunity afforded me, one year ago, of joining in the invitation to the Society to hold its Convention in our city in the present year. I congratulate you that the weather is so auspicious for your meeting.
You are here as representatives of a most important body of men in our community and in all communities. The true and successful florist is an artist, for there is required of him the same skill, in the arrangement of flowers and in portraying a love of the beautiful, that is required of the successful artist in other specialties. He is also an educator, for he teaches a love of the beautiful. His influence is ele- vating and reflning. He brings out, in our youth, a love of the good, the true and the beautiful ; and the flowers he cultivates are, in every, period of life, the symbols of love, of affection and of cheerfulness. The little child, on its way to school, plucks from the garden at home flowers to present to the favorite teacher ; the youth presents as a token of admiration and affection a bouquet of flowers to the maiden ; the bride is decked, on her wedding day, with flowers as a symbol of joy and of love ; and the supreme tokens of affection and reverence that we place on the biers of our dead ones are those same flowers. Flowers are joined, throughout our lives, with the most important events. No man, I think, can be thoroughly depraved who has in his soul a love for flowers. [Applause.]
To you, then, the representatives of the florists of this country, I extend a hearty welcome to our city. I hope that in the intervals between your deliberations you may have an opportunity to Inspect our public buildings, to go through our City Hall and to see our mag- nificent Bay, at the head of which we are so favorably located. I can only hope that, as the presiding officer has said, after you have left our city and gone to your respective homes, the memory of your visit to Providence will remain in the future as bright and as sweet as the fragrance of your own flowers. (Long continued applause.)
Mr. W. W. Coles of Kokomo, Ind., was called upon to respond to the Mayor's welcome. Mr. Coles said :
Mr. Mayor, ladies and gentlemen of Providence — It affords me great pleasure, on behalf of the Society of American Florists here assembled in convention, to respond to the warm words of welcome spoken by the honorable and highly respected Mayor of this important, interesting and prosperous municipality.
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 7
Taking everything into consideration, it seems to me tliat as a Soc- iety we are very fortunate in having the privilege of meeting in this city — among other things to enjoy the hospitality which you so gener- ously accord us ; because of your promise to make it pleasant during our sojourn among you, and because of the reputation which you sustain abroad in this direction. [Applause.] The name of your city is most significant — Providence — and who knows but what; our com- ing among you shall prove to have been providential.
AVe are reminded of the fact that this city has age and an interest- ing history more or less eventful. It is recorded that in 1776 you had a population of 4,355 souls. Since the close of the Revolution your pop- ulation, like other commendable things worthy to be named and praised, has increased steadily and substantially. Your city gives visitors the impression that you have much wealth^ an evidence .probably that Providence has favored Providence. We observe that your manufactories are many and varied ; and this city therefore must be the center of a manufacturing district of large commercial and industrial interests. Your silverware fovmd upon the tables of this and other lands, tells us that your trade is extensive.
As we look upon your magnificent parks, public buildings, monu- ments, beautiful cemeteries, and your palatial homes, we are satisfied that many of you are in love with the beautiful. Hence we, whose life's work it is to beautify and enrich, are not surprised to find ourselves here. We do not believe that flowers are trifles. Our observation is that murderers do. not ordinarily wear roses in their buttonholes and that villains seldom train vines over their cottage doors. [Applause.]
Your many and well supported charitable institutions, after which many cities making large pretensions have patterned, attest your philanthropy, generosity and benevolence. [Applause.] Where insti- tutions of this sort are founded and flourish, are invariably the places where we like to live, build our homes and rear our children. The high character of your incorporated institutions, and your public schools, is widely known, and they speak emphatically of your culture, refine- ment and commendable enterprise. In certain respects your city is like what ancient Athens is said to have been — full of sights worth seeing and of valuable information, a good place in which to learn splendid and useful lessons. Your churches, so numerous and so beau- tiful in architectural design, speak to us and -the world of your religious history and life. There are educational advantages here offered the Society of American Florists, of which the Society should avail itself during its brief sojourn ; and we have no doubt that your hospitality will Avarm our hearts and that lessons from your thrift and industry will do us good.
Mr. Mayor, I am sure I voice the sentiment of the Society of American Florists when I most heartily thank you for your warm and cordial welcome. [Long continued applause.]
O PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
THE president's ADDRESS.
After the delivery of the preliminary addresses, Chairman Macrae vacated the chair to President Graham of the Society of American Florists, who, upon coming forward, was cordially greeted. The President then read his formal address, which was listened to with close interest. His allusion to the zealous but, as yet, ineffectual efforts of ex-President William R. Smith to secure a national charter for the Society of American Florists brought forth hearty applause. Other points of the address were also applauded, particularly that in regard to tariff rates on imported stock, and the one commendatory of the Society for what it had done for florists individually, and for the trade in general. The address was as follows :
Ladies and Gentlemen, Members of the Society of American Flor- ists— After a two years' campaign west of the Allegheny Mountains our Society comes back to the east, the stronghold of advanced horti- culture in our country.
While we have no reason to regret our experience in the Middle States, where the work accomplished was of a character which we feel assured will leave a lasting impression for the benefit of our profession in its influence on the communities where these meetings were held, yet a broad and correct conception of the aims of the Society will bring the conviction that we cannot fully accomplish our mission unless we carry the banner of the Society into every section where its presence and influence may advance and promote the interests of the noble profession in which we are engaged, and where its unifying qualities may be brought to bear with advantage. It is, nevertheless, a very great pleasure, as well as a privilege, to assemble here in the good old city of Providence, within an easy journey for all our friends from Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, and last, but far from least, Boston. With such favorable surroundings we surely cannot fail to have a pleasant and a profitable convention.
We come here, not expecting to be able to teach our friends here how to love and cultivate all that is most beautiful in nature, for the people of New England have these lessons constantly before them in many magnificent parks and pleasure grounds, and in hundreds of beautiful private establishments. Rather do we come to draw inspira- tion from these beauties that have resulted from man's skill and intel- ligence, and to hear from the lips of riper experience than ours the lessons that will enable us to go back to our homes better and stronger for the same battles there. In all these matters the men of the east have been leaders and teachers equal to the best in the world. And because these things are so, few of us expect or hope to contribute as much as we receive, believing as we do, moreover, that from the gen- eral fund of information here each should be able to take more than he
SOCIETY OF AMEPaCAN FLORISTS. V
gives, as aggregate knowledge must always far exceed that of the indi- vidual. So I should say to each one here: Improve these opportuni- ties that are before you. Our hospitable brethren of Providence give us a kindly welcome ; the Society of American Florists provides instruction on many important subjects, on all of which nearly every one of us is still open to further information.
Our friends at famous Newport will show us what wealth and skill well applied can do toward improving a scene of great natural possibil- ities. Go to Newport and inhale the pure and invigorating sea air and enjoy one of the grandest views that the Atlantic coast anywhere offers to the eye of man. Or if these things be not to your liking, and you long for other means of relaxation to drive the cares of business away, you will find suitable opportunity in the various ways provided. In regard to detailed information as to the finances and membership particulars will be forthcoming in the reports of our Secretary and Treasurer, respectively.
The national charter, which we hoped the government would grant us before this time, is still under consideration at the Capital by the powers that be. This is not by reason of any lack of hard work and earnest endeavor. Mr. Smith, once our honored President, and always our tried and staunch friend, has labored with unflagging zeal in our behalf, and so far succeeded in his efforts as to have it passed through both branches at the last congressional session. But either through some unfriendly influence or through a misapprehension as to its pur- poses, President Cleveland saw fit to veto the measure.
It has been suggested that by adding the words, "Ornamental Hor- ticulturists " to our present title we should be better able to express the purposes of our organization, and we should at the same time facilitate the acquisition of the charter by removing the objections which some have raised to the present apparent narrowness of the scope of our operations. This amendment, with some other proposed changes in the by-laws of the Society, will be submitted for your consideration at the proper time.
At the Executive Committee meeting in March Messrs. May, Harris and Manda were appointed a committee to correspond with the congressional committee of ways and means in reference to certain proposed changes in the tariff regulations and their effect on our business. They were also to appear personally before the committee, if necessary, and present such facts and arguments as would aid Congress in arranging as just and acceptable rates as possible upon imported plants, bulbs, and so forth.
These instructions to our committee were given only after a very thorough and careful discussion of the whole situation, which is a much more complicated matter than appears at first glance. Aside from the proposition to increase the first cost of imported stock, it was necessary to consider to what extent the resultant added expense to the final consumer would cause him to take other goods that, under present conditions, are entirely a home product. For instance, it is
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
common knowledge that, under the past few years' tariff laws, bulb flowers of all kinds have been sold so low that they undoubtedly were many times purchased solely because they represented the greatest return for the money to the average buyer, thereby leaving upon the home growers' hands, stock that was produced by American skill and capital. There is also to be remembered the fact that jthis twenty- five per cent, tariff represents that much direct, absolute protection against foreign competition. It would appear as though this advan- tage, combined with those of far cheaper land and more efficient labor and methods, should enable us to keep at home a great deal of the business in plants of all descriptions that heretofore has been done abroad.
Certainly the experiment seems well worth trying, though it is possible that natural conditions may be too much against us in the matter of Dutch bulb culture. These are some of the points that have been considered. Whether or not the reasoning has been sound, exper- ience can alone determine. There can, however, be no question as to the absolute justice of the duty levied upon articles of this character so long as the government .is in need of money to meet its urgent annual expenses. As patriotic citizens we should not object to bear our share of the burden. To distribute the balance of this extra charge equitably among those who deal with us is a matter between us and those who buy of us, and the result will depend largely upon the wis- dom with which we conduct our business.
Upon the suggestion of Mr. May, the Executive Committee passed a resolution requiring the Secretary to compile an annual list of all American novelties introduced during each year, together with the names of the originator and introducer, in addition to such informa- tion in reference thereto as would be likely to be of interest or value to the trade and the public ; the same to be published exclusively in the annual report of the Society. A report of this kind would undoubtedly be very desirable and valuable, but can only be made correct, or approximately so, by great care and labor on the part of the Secretary, together with the hearty assistance of members of the trade.
At the same meeting a committee consisting of , Messrs. Eudd, Smith and May was appointed to work with the experiment stations in the investigation of fertilizers as applied to plant growth. The work assigned to this committee is of very great importance, and these very capable gentlemen should receive every aid possible in order to make their investigations and experiments productive of correct and profita- ble results. It has also been suggested that wherever possible so to do, we select some place for the holding of our meetings where facilities can be had for a large display of horticultural exhibits under cover of a tent or similar inexpensive and suitable enclosure. Whether the society endorses this suggestion or not, it certainly has some advan- tages to recommend it. At many of our meetings we have been more or less cramped for space, even where nothing more extensive than a trade extent has been attempted. We have been obliged on
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 11
more than one occasion to occupy two halls, sometimes a considerable distance apart. This certainly is not very encouraging to exhibitors or convenient for members. This being so, such a condition can not be to the best interests of the Society. If we had assured facilities for holding our meetings in connection with an exhibition upon a scale more comprehensive than anything we have as yet attempted, it would be an attractive feature both for members of the Society and the general public, hence of value to the trade and the Society.
The past few years, as we all too well know, have been a period of extraordinary business depression, and in some degree we have all felt its effects. But when we consider the immense and constantly increas- ing quantity of our productions, it will surely be conceded that we have come through the ordeal with less disastrous results than any •other business interests. Our Society, as might have been expected, has not entirely escaped the general depression, but we have reason to be gratitied that we have so well maintained our position, and that so many of our members have stood by the colors through every dis- couragement with a loyalty which should give us encouragement and confidence in the future prosperity and usefulness of the society. It would not be candid, however, to attribute the present stationary con- dition of our organization entirely to business causes. Although it may appear somewhat like a reflection upon the good business judg- ment of many of the craft, it is nevertheless true that many of them take no active interest in the work of the Society. Some do not stop at this point, but go further in adverse and not over-friendly criticism from the outside, instead of attempting to better what they object to from ithe proper position. These critics should bear in mind that de- struction has alway been easier than construction, and that an edifice, however faulty, is better than no building at all. The best way to cor- rect architectural faults is not necessarily to attack the foundation of the structure.
Aside from these, there is another and far larger class that stands outside the Society asking of what benefit it would be to them individ- ually to join such an organization. In answering such a query, I should like to lay more stress than is usually done upon the unification that has been accomplished throughout the trade since the Society has been established. Prior to that time the florist nearly everywhere was a solitary individual, hardly recognized by the world as a unit in a great and growing industry. He had absolutely nothing in common with the craft in other cities, and not very much with his own fellow- tradesmen in his own city. Trade papers of general circulation and recognized authority among commercial florists did not exist. Local clubs were confined to a very few of the largest cities. Methods of construction, heating, ventilating, many of the processes of cultiva- tion and sale, were of the crudest character.
There is nothing in these statements that should be construed to mean that the Society of American Florists alone has brought about the wonderful results of late years. But what is meant, what I desire
12 PROCEEDI]SrGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
to lay particular emphasis upon is this, that through this organization, through the development of this tangible body, has come the feeling of strength, the sense of power to do those things that for the benefit of the trade in general and the individual in particular, should be done. The melancholy hermit, abiding in various more or less dilapidated, flue-heated structures, conscious of his own littleness and feebleness compared with other callings, and forgetting to what degree his was intrinsically the better and nobler occupation, has given place (or is fast doing so) to modern methods of conducting operations.
The florist of to-day feels himself more than ever a member of a great and growing profession, worthy of ranking with the greatest and best. He has recognition and respect from the general public, not alone for himself but for his business. He can buy or sell in various markets. He gets reasonable consideration from transportation com- panies. He can attend, if he wishes, various exhibitions, general or special in their character, but all educative in his business and broaden- ing in their tendency. By his trade papers he may keep in touch with the best and most modern methods. As I have said before, our Society has not done all these things, nor all of the many others that you all can recall. But I do say that without that convention of earnest workers in Cincinnati years ago, the recognition of the poten- tial power of the florists in America might have gone unrealized for many years, and we to-day should be as a whole far behind our present stage of progress. Some of these things have been made possible, and all of them have been helped by the Society.
These are real, tangible solid benfits, of which the trade in general has reaped the profit, and this is an answer to him who asks of what use has the Society of American Florists been to him. And if these benefits are to be retained, and increased in many ways impossible to forecast until the emergency arises, this sense of unity, of existence as a solid, compact and serviceable body, must be maintained and increased either by this Society or some similar body. It is the real visible embodiment of the influence and power of the individual flor- ists of America.
The rule holds good for the various auxiliary societies as well. While they do not, perhaps, in every case, owe their existence to the original organization, yet they arose from a special need, the sense of which has developed in the parent association. The advance made in some of these special flowers, to promote which the smaller organiza- tions were established, has been remarkable.
It may be well to notice here in this connection that the Chrysan- themum Society proposes to have certificates prepared during the present year, in which provision will be made for the endorsements of the President and Secretary of the Society of American Florists, as well as the oflicers of the Chrysanthemum Society itself. The Presi- dent of your Society was also requested to appoint a committee to work with their committee in making awards to new chrysanthemums entitled to these joint certificates. Some such system appears to have
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 13
many advantages, and is calculated to maintain and enlarge the influence of the national society, at the same time giving more weight and importance to the work of the Chrysanthemum Society.
To the national organization many of the local clubs, now scattered throughout the country, owe their existence and usefulness in their different spheres. Whenever it has been determined to hold a conven- tion in a certain city, the necessity for a local organization has at once been felt and the want supplied, and the result has been to bring florists together for this purpose in a way impossible to have accom- plished otherwise. These clubs hold together afterward and exercise their solidifying influence in many ways, even where their members are not all members of the national society. It would seem, therefore, as though some means of connecting our local organizations more closely with the national one would present many advantages to all parties concerned, and a thorough canvass of the situation should result to the benefit of us all.
In years gone by, such men as Peter Henderson, Robert Buist, and others, men of strong individuality, strict integrity and great business ability, men who came to this country with nothing luit these qualities and an indomitable pluck and energy to carry them through, fought their way to the front and became recognized leaders in our industry. These men were looked up to within the various spheres of their activities, and to a certain extent within those limits they furnished example and instruction in the various branches of horticulture and floriculture. They stood for the forces of organization and intelligent effort, and as such were looked up to by the gardeners of their day. I do not doubt that many to-day still owe a great deal to the inspira- tion of these men.
But the enormous expansion of the limits of capital and labor involved in our business, makes the domination of a few individuals no longer possible. We must have a greater, broader, and more impersonal organization around which the trade can rally. This centralization is recognized as absolutely necessary for the best results, whether the matter at stake be religion, politics or plain business; and, so far, this subject has been treated purely from a business point of view, because circumstances compel the most of us to make business considerations the fundamental ones.
The occupation that we follow is in itself one of the most beau- tiful, the most interesting, and ennobling, that the development of man's higher nature has brought into existence. It has always seemed to me that the intimate contact with nature and her various compli- cated processes, that our calling makes necessarj% should tend to make us better men in every way. We see, or should at least do so, in the constant contemplation of these marvelous processes, the delicate handiwork of an influence far beyond our present powers of compre- hension. We should feel, I think, that all the small matters about which we so constantly fret and worry, are but trivial things and little worth the trouble, and that, after all, the great things, those really
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
worth striving for, lie far aside along the path of mutual trust and assistance, and when, in the pursuance of that end, we use all the opportunities that organization offers, then and only then, the mission of our national society is ended and its work done.
Mr. M. H. Norton of Boston, moved a vote of thanks to the Mayor of Providence, in appreciation of the earnestness and elo- quence of his welcome to the city.
The motion was adopted unanimously, whereupon President Graham formally notified Mayor McGuinness of the vote, and that gentlemen bowed his acknowledgments in acceptance of the compliment .
REPORT OP the SECRETARY.
Mr. William J. Stewart, the Secretary, here came forward, in response to the call of the Chair, and read his annual report, which was listened to with jattention, and applauded The report was as follows :
Mr. President and Members of the Society of American Florists — In the Secretary's report at Cleveland last year, it was shown that lapses from membership on account of unpaid dues appeared to be on the decrease. It now becomes my agreeable duty to note not only a continuance of this encouraging condition, but also to report substan- tial additions to our ranks, in new members and former members who have rejoined.
Our roll now contains the names of 786 members exclusive of those added at this meeting, of whom 561 are fully paid up to January 1, 1897. Of the 225 who still owe for 1896, 128 owe also for 1895. There were added in 1896, 68 new names, and 31 suspended members have accepted the special concession offered by the Executive Committee for reinstatement. The 68 new members for 1896, are credited to the various States as follows : Ohio, 20 ; California, Massachusetts, Penn- sylvania and Rhode Island, 6 each ; Michigan, 4 ; lUinois, Missouri, New York and Ontario, 3 each ; Indiana, Connecticut, Kentucky, Maryland, Utah, Wisconsin, New Hampshire, Tennessee, 1 each.
The unusually large number of accessions for 1897, and the vitality and widespread interest manifested would seem to indicate that our Society has passed safely through the period of depression, which has been fatal to so many enterprises, that the organization is very much alive and that the campaign of education will surely win.
We have sustained losses by death during the twelve months since our last meeting, as follows : Wm. Robinson, IsTorth Easton, Mass., died Sept. 16, 1896 ; Ed. Wachendorf, Atlanta, Ga., Dec. 10, 1896 ; H. L. Sunderbruch, Cincinnati, O., Jan. 6, 1897 ; Wm. Elliott, New York, N. Y., Jan. 16, 1897 ; David Eisher, Montvale, Mass., Feb. 16, 1897 ; R. J. Murphy, Cincinnati, O., Feb. 24, 1897 ; John Saul, Washington, D. C, May 11, 1897 ; D. H. Roberts, New York, July 8, 1897.
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 15
The Executive Committee met in this city on March 9, 10, 1897, all the members being present except Messrs. Beatty, Eawson and McCullough, for whom Messrs. J. IST. May, E. A. Wood and W. A. Manda, served as substitutes. There was much earnest discussion, and every suggestion for the welfare of the organization was carefully considered. An examination of the various halls resulted in the choice of the place where we are now assembled. A graded schedule of charges for exhibition space was adopted, and a gentleman of ability appointed to superintend this important feature of the conven- tion. In accordance with the expressed desire of many members, it was decided to encourage the exhibiting of new and rare plants by oftering a number of silver and bronze medals for competition at this meeting. A sub-committee was appointed to work in conjunction with the various State experiment stations in the investigation of fertilizers and other subjects of vital interest to plant growers. The committee also went on record as favoring the selection of a location for the next annual meeting, possibly in the suburbs of the convention city, where room and facilities may be had for making an out-door display with ornamental planting, etc. The programme for this Con- vention was carefully planned, that it might reflect, as mucli as possible, the spirit of progress, which is so essential to the prosperity of our Society.
One of the most important acts of the Executive Committee was to provide for a system of annual registration of new and introduced plants, with description, etc., the list to be compiled by the Secretary, and its circulation confined to members of the Society. This is the first step towards a stand which your Secretary has long believed to be inevitable if we would keep the organization on its feet permanently. The annual cost of maintenance in our present form is considerable, as your Treasurer's report will show, yet we give unreservedly to the public and spread broadcast, without any restriction in our favor, every detail of this meeting — papers, discussions, exhibition — in fact all there is in evidence here to-day of advancement in the knowledge and practice of our profession. Is the spirit of generous loyalty, of unselfish appreciation, abroad in the land sufiiciently to make this philanthropic course a safe one while our sole means of revenue is the receipts from annual membership dues, and the usual result of efforts to collect these dues is the ill-will which too often, in the Society of American Florists at least, seems to be a natural sequence of delin- quency ?
It is understood that the committee which has been laboring with the problem of an equitable fire insurance for greenhouse property, is now ready to bring forward a practical scheme, and here may be offered an opportunity, similar to that unwisely thrown away at the time of the hail insurance agitation, whereby this Society may com- mand the support of the majority of those engaged in the greenhouse industry. The proposed amendment to the by-laws, establishing a life-membership fund, may, if adopted and well responded to, prove to
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
be still another step towards a permanent, self-supporting existence. Anything that will tend to reduce the labor and expense of stationery, printing and postage on several hundred bills and duns sent through the mails several times a year, is certainly worth trying.
The great, unsolved problem, as it looks in the light of the experi- ences of the Secretary's office, is how to enlist the sympathy and financial support of our members who from business, pecuniary or domestic reasons, or on account of remoteness from the place of meeting are prevented from attending the conventions regularly. We have in the distant State of California, for example, ten members who are paying their dues annually, without complaint, and a message of congratulation and good fellowship comes with every remittance. What do they enjoy in return, other than the pleasant consciousness of having generously contributed towards the maintenance of an insti- tution whose influence is exerted for the general good of the profession? The support of the stay-at-homes is indispensable, for even when we meet in the most populous centres and with the incentive of games and entertainments for those who enjoy them, the receipts from attendants at the convention cannot be depended upon to pay all obligations and have something left. What shall we give to the indi- vidual members of our organization, over and above what they can get practically for nothing, which will be recognized as sufficiently valuable to secure from the rank and file of the profession throughout the land their enthusiastic loyalty '? Sentiment doesn't count here and litera- ture is, unfortunately, in very light demand.
The demands on the Secretary, particularly in the matter of correspondence, increase considerably each year, without relation to the number of names on the membership roll. A conservative esti- mate places the quantity of mail matter despatched from the Secretary's office during the past year at over six thousand pieces.
In closing this report, I take the opportunity to thank officers and members for their uniform and kindly support at all times, and to congratulate the Association on the heartiness with which those whom they have entrusted with the honors and duties of office have responded when called upon to do anything for the welfare of the Society.
On motion of Mr. P. O'Mara of New York, seconded by Mr. Robert Kift of Philadelphia, the report was received and ordered to be filed.
REPORT OF THE TREASURER.
Mr. H. B. Beatty, the Treasurer of the Societ}^, next pre- sented his report as Treasurer, from Jan. 1, 1896, to Dec. 31, 1896, as follows :
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.
17
1896. Jan.
Jan. 10.
Feb.
Sept. 12.
To balance per statement rendered Executive Committee at Cleveland, Ohio, 1896, and audited by committee: John G. Esler, John F. Cowell, and W. N. Kudd
Keceived W. J. Stewart,
Book 301-3.50, dues, 1895, Number 49
" 1896, " 1
Received W. J. Stewart,
|
Book 351-400, |
dues, 1895, |
49 |
|
" 1896, |
1 |
|
|
Received W. J. |
Stewart, |
|
|
Book 651-667, |
dues, 1893, |
1 |
|
" 1894, |
17 |
|
|
Received W. J. |
Stewart, |
|
|
Book 401-450, |
dues, 1895, |
48 |
|
" 1896, |
2 |
$1,628.51
147.00 3.00
147.00 3.00
54.00 150.00
Received book 451-500, dues, 1894, Number 1 1
" 1895-6 " 2, " 1895, " 40. " 1896, " ' 5 J
y 144.00
Received, Series 1896,
Book 1-50, dues, arrears, Number 11..
49. 1.
1896, " 1897,
Book 51-100, arrears, "
1896,
Book 100-151, 1896,
" 151-200, 1896,
" 201-250, arrears, "
1895,
1896,
1897,
Book 301-350, arrears, Number 1.
dues, 1896, " 48.
Nov. 18. Book 251-300, 1896, " 50.
Dec. 14. Book 351-400, dues, 1897, " 1..
" 1896, " 48.
1. 49.. 51. 50.
9.,
1.. 48..
1..
•1
■J
172.00
149.00
153.00 150.00
)- 168.00
146.00 150.00 147.00
$3,511.51
PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION, PAYMENTS.
|
1896. |
|||||
|
Jan. 10. |
Paid W. J. Stewart, as per |
voucher Ko |
.58, |
$ 83.56 |
|
|
Feb. 24. |
(( i( |
«' |
50, |
375.00 |
|
|
Apr. 16. |
J. H. McFarland Co., |
" |
60, |
6.32 |
|
|
Mav 18. |
E. A. Wood, |
" |
61, |
35.50 |
|
|
•' 18. |
Wm. J. Stewart, |
" |
62, |
35.50 |
|
|
" 18. |
W. N. Kudd, |
♦' |
63, |
21.30 |
|
|
" 18. |
John G. Esler, |
*« |
64, |
33.64 |
|
|
" 18. |
" " |
<< |
65, |
5.10 |
|
|
" 18. |
Grove P. Eawson, |
<( |
66, |
22.05 |
|
|
" 18. |
Wm. K. Harris, |
<< |
67, |
28.00 |
|
|
" 18. |
H. B. Beatty, |
" |
68, |
9.00 |
|
|
July 13. |
N. Stafford, |
(( |
69, |
38.00 |
|
|
" 13. |
W. J. Stewart, |
" |
70, |
375.00 |
|
|
Sept. 22. |
" " |
" |
71, |
406.27 |
|
|
" 22. |
Daniel Gunn & Co., |
" |
72, |
92.25 |
|
|
" 22. |
J. C. Kennison, |
(1 |
73. |
54.50 |
|
|
Nov. 17. |
Daniel Gunn & Co., |
" |
74, |
276.00 |
|
|
" 27. |
John r. Cowell, |
" |
75, |
10.00 |
|
|
Dec. 11. |
W. J. Stewart, |
" |
76, |
58.33 |
|
|
" 14. |
Cleveland Florist Club, |
" |
77, |
150.00 |
|
|
" 26. |
W. J. Stewart, |
i< |
78, |
375.00 o A()(\ on |
|
|
Dec. 31. |
" |
Balance, |
1,021.19 |
||
J,511.51
SUMMARY.
Keceived for the year 1893, dues $ 3.00
" " 1894, " 54.00
" " 1895, " 564.00
" " 1896, " 1,209.00
" arrears, 44.00
" for the year 1897, dues, 9.00
$1,883.00 Balance, Jan. 1, 1896, 1,628.51
63,511.51
CREDIT SUMMARY.
Secretary's salary, (6 mos., 1895, $375.00) $1,125.00
Assistant to Secretary at Annual Meeting 17.00
Executive Committee meeting 259.49
Copying proceedings of Executive Committee meet- ing 8.00
Stenographer's report of Annual Convention 120.40
Printing proceedings of Annual Convention 263.00
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 19
Miscellaneous printing 81.57
Secretary's office expenses 271.36
Annual badges 45.00
Miscellaneous expenses, 294.40
Committee expenses, No. C 5.10
2,490.32
$1,021.19
On motion of Mr. Henry A. Siebrecht of New Rochelle, N. Y., seconded by Mr. C. W. Tnrnley of Haddonfield, N. J., the report was accepted and ordered to be filed.
amendments to constitution and by-laws.
The President, as the next order of business, called for the reading of the report of the Executive Committee.
The Secretary responded : The Executive Committee, at its Spring meeting, voted favorably on the recommendation of certain amendments to the Constitution and BjMaws of the Society, and the same are to be brought up at this meeting. It was voted that the Executive Committee endorse and recommend to the Society that the words "And Ornamental Horticulturists" be added to the title of the Society ; also that new sections, in relation to the duties of the Treasurer, in regard to fees and assessments, concerning the duties of State Vice-Presidents, regulating the order of business and relative to a reserve fund, be substituted for the old sections governing these matters.*
The President stated that the amendments were now before the meeting for any action the Society thought proper to take.
Mr. M. I. O'Brien of Sharon, Pa., suggested that action could not well be taken on the amendments as a whole, and asked that they be submitted separately.
The President replied that separate action would be neces- sary when they reached the point of final consideration.
Hon. C. W. Hoitt of Nashua, N. H., remarked that, as a matter of justice both to the Society and to the Executive Commit- tee, a question so important as one involving changes in the funda- mental law of the organization should not be acted upon until the delegates had been given an opportunity to look it over and con- sider it carefully. He therefore moved that the Secretary cause the proposed amendments to be printed and submitted to the Con- vention for consideration within a reasonable time, at a later day.
*NoTE. The proposed new sections which were here read in full, will he found in the proceedings of Thursday evening's session, together with the action then taken upon them.
20 PKOCEEDIXGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
Mk. H. a. SiEBRECHT secoiided the motion.
Mr. M. I. O'Brien remarked that the proposition to postpone action until a later day was somewhat indefinite as to the time when action would be had.
Mr. H. a. Siebricht inpuired whether Judge Hoitt would accept an amendment to provide 'for the printing of the proposed changes at once, so that they could be submitted on the following day and voted upon.
Judge Hoitt replied : That which is contemplated by my motion coincides exactly with what is suggested by my friend Siebrecht. This Society has a live Secretary who understands his duties, and that being so, I submit that the Secretary will have the amendments printed at the present Convention and will give the members ample time to look at and consider them. In proposing that due considera- tion should be given them at a later day, I did not mean at the next annual meeting ; I do not know that I would be present on that occa- sion. The amendments can be printed this afternoon, tomorrow or later; and this was what I meant by "a later day." I did not want any procrastination, but wanted early, and at the same time delib- erate, quiet, fair consideration, davoid of that haste which might be the cause of trouble hereafter, for an amendment to the By-laws means a great deal to the Society. [Applause.]
The President here explained that, under the By-law requir- ing one day's previous notice of an amendment, it would not be possible to take final action until the following day.
Mr. H. B. Beatty of Oil City, Pa., explained that Secretary Stewart, in the announcement he had made, had simply given the required one day's notice, and had read the amendments to-day in order that they might be voted on to-morrow.
Judge Hoitt's motion was then adopted without objection.
On motion of Mr. John N". May, the session of Thursday evening was fixed as the time for the further consideration of the proposed amendments.
the nomenclature committee.
The President called for the reading of the report of the Nomenclature Committee.
Secretary Stewart replied : The Chairman of the Committee, Professor Trelease, sent word that he would be unable to be present on this occasion, but that the report had been prepared by him and had
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 21
been circulated, some weeks ago, among the members of the IN'omen- clature Committee, for tlieir signatures. He was of opinion that it would reach me before the meeting of this Convention. I have not yet received it, but it may come by a later mail.
Mr. Edwin Lonsdale of Philadelphia, a member of the Com- mittee, explained that the report had been received by him and that, after appending his signature to it, he had sent it West to Mr. E. G. Hill of the Committee, for that gentleman's signature.
The subject was then laid on the table.
fire insurance.
Mr. John G. Esler of Saddle River, N. J., being called upon, presented and read the report from the Committee on Fire Insurance. The report was as follows :
Your Committee, after careful consideration, recommend the fol- lowing plan of fire insurance, which, with slight changes to comply with certain requirements, could be used to effect an organization under the laws of either Indiana, New .Jersey or Missouri. To organ- ize under the laws of Indiana would require $1,000,000 worth of busi- ness, ISTew Jersey, about $2,000,000 worth of business, and under the laws of Missouri, at least, $5,000,000 worth of business. The general outlines of the plan are:
First. All insurance to be based as far as possible upon the classi- fication previously adopted by the Society of American Florists. A signed statement of construction and condition of greenhouses to form a part of contract, and misrepresentation to create forfeiture in case of loss.
Second. A one per cent, reserve on new business, and a three- qviarters of one per cent, advanced assessment upon the minimum risk of the Society of American Florists classification as a basis for assess- ments.
Third. Assessments to be levied at option of officers when assess- ment funds fall below one per cent, of value of risks assumed, notice thereof to be given to members before date of levy.
Fourth. All risks, upon which assessments have not been paid in thirty days from date of levy, shall become void, but members to be restored to membership if assessment is paid within sixty days from date of levy.
Fifth. Adjusters to be appointed by the officers and a list to be filed with the Secretary.
Sixth. Notification of loss to be made to the Secretary, and instructions wired to the adjuster whom he may select.
Seventh. Dwellings and outbuildings of members to be insured at a rate to be fixed by officers.
22 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
Eiglith. $5,000 to be maximum amount of risk, but after risks to be permitted when completely detached, one hundred feet from all other risks.
We believe a classification, and a reserve fund to be essentially necessary to any successful scheme of fire insurance on greenhouse property.
Under the laws of ISTew Jersey, organization can be effected with- out the use of premium notes. Under the laws of Indiana and Mis- souri, premium notes would be necessary.
Your Committee recommend that a temporary organization be made at once, as far as the election of a President, Vice-President- Secretary and Treasurer is concerned.
These officers could perfect detail — ascertain the amount of insur- ance that would be placed, and arrange for organization or purchase of a charter and, finally, when a percentage of payment has been made, call a meeting of the members enrolled for permanent organization.
Your Committee are confident that the success or failure of the plan presented now rests with the trade at large, for whom it now remains to signify whether or not they desire a Mutual Trade Fir® Insurance Association, giving insurance at first cost.
E. H. Michel, John G. Esler, E. A. Seidewitz,
Committee.
Mr. H. a. Siebrecht moved that the report be accepted.
Mr. Robert Kift seconded the motion.
The President invited discussion, but no response was made and the motion was adopted without objection.
Mr. H. B. Beatty : Mr. President, it seems to me to be hardly fair to a committee that has worked as hard as this Committee has for a number of years, and after all the labor they have done, to accept their report and practically discharge them. Surely we ought to take some action upon it, one way or the other.
The President : The vote to receive the report does not prevent the Society from taking action on the report.
Mr. W. J. Yese Y of Fort Wayne, Ind : I move that a committee of three be appointed by the Chair to make nominations for officers for the proposed Fire Insurance Company.
Mr. H. B. Beatty seconded the motion.
Mr. John G. Esler: This is for a temporary organization. Of course you cannot make it a permanent organization at this time.
The President : Is the Convention ready to vote on the ques- tion ?
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 23
Hon. C. W. Hoitt: I am not, Mr. President. I may be a little dull but I want to know " where we are at " in this matter. If there is an organization or a corporation in existence, or if this committee had been authorized to create a corporation, then perhaps this motion would come in properly ; but I think that, before we select a commit- tee to nominate officers, we need to have a corporation or institution for which those officers are to serve. I may be wrong about it, but, if so, several of my friends around me here are in a like predicament, and I ask the Chair to set me right.
The President: It would be somewhat presumptuous in the Chair for him to attempt to give Judge Hoitt a point of law.
Mr. John G. Esler: I would explain to Judge Hoitt that the Fire Insurance Committee believed that by effecting a temporary organization quicker work could be done. If the committee are con- tinued, they would have to report to the next annual meeting of the Society of American Florists and nothing would be accomplished until that time. On the other hand, if a temporary organization is now effected and a sufficient number of members subscribe, the officers of the Company could call those members together and go right ahead with the work without waiting to come back to the Society again for authority. They could at once get this thing in working order. That is the only object in asking now for a temporary organization.
Judge Hoitt. I appreciate the point which the gentleman makes and am indebted to him for his explanation. From the motion that was made I did not get the idea clearly.
Mr. Esler: Probably the committee did not state it with suffi- cient clearness. In attempting to make their report brief they did not perhaps give, as they should have given, the reasons for the temporary organization. They believed it would be better to have such an organ- ization than that the committee should be continued for another year.
A vote was then taken and the motion was adopted with but one negative vote.
Mr, Esler: I will simply say that if the temporary organization is effected and the florists of the country do not show enough interest iu the project to pay up the million or two million of dollars that will be necessary, (and that will be the first step taken, I presume,) the project may never be heard of.
The President here announced, as the committee authorized "by the motion, Messrs. W. J. Vesey of Fort Wayne, Ind. ; John G. Esler of Saddle River, N. J.; and C. W. Hoitt of Nashua, N. H.
APPOINTMENT OF EXHIBITION JUDGES.
Secretary Stewart, by request of the Chair, made the following announcement of the appointments made by the Presi-
24 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
dent on the Committees on Awards in the Trade Exhibition ; the first name, in each instance, being that of the chairman :
Plants — Messrs. Samuel Henshaw of New York City; John Ding- wall of Albany, IST. Y. ; Alexander MacLellan of Newport, K, I.
Cut Blooms — Messrs. John White of Pittsfiekl, Mass. ; S. N. Pentecost of Cleveland, O. ; J. A. Shellem of Philadelphia.
Boilers and Heating Apparatus— Messrs. Pred Burki of Allegheny, Pa. ; F. R. Mathison of Waltham, Mass. ; H. A. Hart of Cleveland, O.
Greenhouse Appliances and Plower Pots— Messrs. S. J. Eeuter of Westerly, R. I. ; M. A. Patten of Lowell, Mass. ; James M. Logan of White Plains, N. Y.
Florists' Supplies and Fancy Earthenware — Messrs. L. H. Foster of Dorchester, Mass ; J. M. Gasser of Cleveland, O. ; G. Lud- wig, Alleghany, Pa.
Bulbs and Seeds — Messrs. A. K. McMahon of Newport, R. L ; Chas. Zeller of Flatbush, N. Y. ; A. Millar of Pawtucket, R. I.
Miscellaneous Exhibits — (The Chairmen of the Commit- tees)— Messrs. Henshaw, White, Burki, Renter, Foster and McMahon.
On Plant Displays — In competition for the silver and bronze medals as provided for in schedule : — Messrs. Edwin Lonsdale, M. H. Norton and W. R. Smith.
The President remarked that any of tlie gentlemen named who objected to serving, or desired to be excused, had now an opportunity to state so and that, if they did not avail themselves of it, every one of them woidd be expected to serve.
Mr. H. a. Hart : I ask to be excused.
The President: The Chair is well acquainted with Mr. Hart, knows something of that gentleman's engagements and does not think he can excuse the gentleman. [General merriment, in which Mr. Hart joined, without insisting on his request.]
The Secretary announced that 2.30 p. m. in Exhibition Hall, had been fixed as the time and place for the meeting of the Exhibi- tion Judges. . He also stated that by vote of the Executive Committee, and in d.eference to what seemed to be a demand at the meeting a year ago, a blackboard Avould be placed in front of the platform to-morrow morning, on which tliose who desired to do so might write the names of candidates for any of the offices.
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 25
READING OF COMMUNICATIONS.
A number of communications, some of which were rather voluminous, were presented by Secretary Stewart, who stated the substance of a portion of them and, by request, read others at length. They were as follows :
From the Mayor of Niagara Falls, urging the variety and extent of hotel accommodations and the means of amusement for the delegates, etc., in case Niagara Falls should be selected as a meeting place for next year.
From the Superintendent of the Niagara Falls Reservation, offer- ing the use of the hall in Prospect Park, for convention purposes, without charge.
From the Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce of Niagara Falls, inviting the Society to meet there in 1899, in connection with the Pan-American Exposition to be then held.
Mr. p. J. DoNOHUE of Lenox, Mass., created some amuse- ment by inquiring whether Xiagara Falls was in Canada, or in the United States.
Secretary Stewart also announced receipt of the follow- ing:
Copy of a memorial which had been presented to Congress, from the American Chamber of Commerce at Paris, urging early action in the interests of an adequate provision for the presentation of Amer- ican interests at the Universal Exposition to be held at Paris in 1900, togetlier with a request that the Society of American Florists take steps to cooperate in the efforts now being made to this end.
An invitation from Mr. F. W. Taylor, Supt. of the Agricultural, Horticultural and Forestry Department of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition to be held at Omaha in 1898.
A batch of invitations to visit Nashville — duplicates of those received last year, with an additional one from the Chamber of Com- merce of Nashville, inviting the Society to attend the Exhibition now in progress there, after the adjournment of the present meeting.
A letter from Mr. W. J. Hesser of Plattsmouth, Neb., inviting the Society of American Florists to meet next year at Omaha, and humor- ously adding, "The Indians are not very bad any more, so don't be afraid of them but come and see a real, live Western city."
An invitation from the Hygiea Hotel at Old Point Comfort, Ya., rehearsing the attractions of that beautiful place as a convention site.
A prospectus in reference to an Agricultural Congress at Omaha, proposing that all the Agricultural' Associations of the United States shall be represented there in 1898.
26 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
Mr. John N. May inquired whether the invitation from Niag- ara Falls was for next year or the year following that. He said that in one of the communications from that point 1898 was men- tioned, and the other was an invitation for 1899.
Mr. Wm. Scott of Buffalo, replied that he understood the date of the Pan-American Exposition (in which the South Ameri- can republics would take part) was fixed for 1899 and would be held on a large island in the Niagara River, a few miles from Niag- ara Falls. He spoke of the desire to have the Society go there and the inducements that would be offered. He suggested that Mr. Long was better jDrepared than himself to give information on the subject.
Mr. D. B. Long of Buffalo, responding to Mr. Scott's call, explained that the work of organization for the Pan-American Ex- position in 1899 was being conducted as expeditions!}^ as circum- stances would allow, but its details had not been well enough matured to warrant the sending of a specific invitation to the Society of American Florists regarding the exhibits, etc. He said he had been recently informed by the Secretarj^ of the Chamber of Commerce of Niagara Falls that they were endeavoring to induce as many conventions as possible to meet there, and that an invita- tion had been sent to the Society of American Florists for 1898. Upon consulting further with that gentleman, and also with the Secretary of the Pan-American Exposition, it was considered that the best thing that could be done Avas to extend an invitation to xhe Society of American Florists to meet at Niagara Falls in 1899. The Exjiosition would be held seventeen miles from Buffalo, but it was expected that trolley lines would furnish quick communication with that city. Special railroad rates and the free use of a hall for exhibits would be offered. He said that if the Society would hold a meeting at Niagara Falls, it would be able to try the experiment of conducting its trade exhibition under its own auspices exclu- sively, instead of, as at present, having it in the hands of a local concern or under local influence and having two organizations w^here there should be but one. Any revenue derived from the exhibition hall would help to replenish the Society's treasury.
Mr. Samuel Henshaw of New York, suggested that as the invitation from Niagara Falls was foi' 1899, discussion upon it at the present time was premature.
SOCIETY OF AMERICAISr FLORISTS. 27
The President remarked that the Society would be enabled to look forward to a meeeting at Niagara Falls two years hence, and to accept the invitation if meanwhile some other point was not preferred.
At this hour (12.15 o'clock) the morning session terminated.
entertainment of the ladies.
In the afternoon the lady companions of the delegates were the guests of the Florists' and Gardeners' Club of R. I., and of Mr. Timothy McCarthy, Superintendent of Swan Point Cemetery. The arrangements were perfected by the local Florists' Ladies' Auxiliary. At two o'clock, p. m., six barges, well filled with ladies and their escorts, started from the Narragansett Hotel and, after a pleasant drive through the residential part of the city, reached Swan Point, where they were shown through the beautiful grounds. After returning to the Superintendent's house refreshments were served and groujD pictures of the ladies and their gentlemen escorts were taken. The visitors then inspected the grounds adjoining the Dexter Asjdum and returned to the city about six o'clock, p. m.
the president's reception.
A numerous and brilliant assemblage of ladies and gentlemen attended the President's reception of the delegates, on Tuesday evening, which was held in the Convention Hall under the auspices of the local Club. President Graham was assisted in receiving by Secretary Stewart of the Society of American Florists and Presi- dent Macrae of the Providence Club. Stationed at one end of the hall, the President grasped the hands of and cordially greeted each person in the throng that filed past him.
During the more formal exercises which followed, Vice-Presi- dent Jas. B. Canning of the local Club, presided. The following letter from Governor Dyer of Rhode Island, was read by Secretary Mason :
State or Khode Island, Executive Department,
Providence, Aug. 7, 1897. Messrs. Farquhar Macrae, President ; James B. Canning, YiCE President ; William H. Mason, Secretary ; A. M. Rennie, Treasurer.
Gentlemen : — I am in receipt of your very courteous invitation to be your guest Aug, 17, 18, 19 and 20, and address the members of the Society of American Florists on Tuesday evening, Aug. 17. I desire to
28 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
express my thanks for the courtesy extended to me and my sincere regrets that my absence from the State during that week prevents me from accepting the same.
In your letter of the 4th, inst., conveying the invitation to me, you are kind enough to thank me " for the courtesies and good will by me toward your Society. "
Will you permit me to say here that I think the people of the United States have a debt of gratitude to pay to the florists and gardeners of the country, which they do not realize.
Year by year, keeping pace with the magnificent development of the country in architecture and the arts, your craftsmen have made the lawns and grounds of those whom fortune has favored beautiful as the gardens of the gods, and carried to the poor and the sick, the beauty of the lily and the fragrance of the rose.
Wishing that every success may attend the meetings of the Society in this city, I am, very respectfully,
Elisha Dyer,
Gov. of Uhode Island.
The musical features of the evening included selections by the orchestra, singing by the Union Veteran Quartet, and a number of solos artistically rendered by Florence Batchelder Snow, which were heartily applauded. Refreshments were served and the festivities closed with dancing.
SECOND DAY.
Wednesday, August 18, 1897. The Convention was called to order at 10.45 a.m., by Presi- dent Graham.
AWARDS IN THE TRADE EXHIBITION.
The first business in order was the reports of the Exhibition Judges.
The Secretary explained tliat the reports had been examined by the Executive Committee and, excepting where otherwise noted, had been endorsed as presented. He proceeded with the reading of the reports and gave the names of the judges by whom they Avere signed.
The reports Avere acted upon separately, as read, and adopted by separate votes. The report on Plants was adopted on motion of Mr. John Burton ; that on Cut Blooms, on motion of Mr. Ben- jamin Hammond ; that on Boilers and Heating Apparatus, on
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 29
motion of Mr. Robert Kift ; that on Greenhouse Appliances and Flower Pots, and that on Florists' Supplies and Fancy Earthen- ware, on motion of Mr. II. A. Siebrecht ; that on Bulbs and Seeds, on motion of Mr. Robert Kift; that on Miscellaneous Exhibits, (except as to two items,* which, after examination, the Executive Committee referred back for revision,) on motion of Mr. Siebrecht.
The Secretary also read the report of the Judges appointed to award the silver and bronze medals of the Society of American Florists on displays in the upper hall.
Upon the suggestion of Mr. F. L. Atkins (who called attention to an error by which an award had been made to him instead of to Pitcher & Manda,) the report was corrected by substituting the names of Pitcher & Manda for that of F. L. Atkins. The report as modified was then adopted.
(The full text of the reports of the Exhibition Judges will be found in the appendix at the end of this volume.)
root galls or cultivated plants.
A paper on "Root Galls of Cultivated Plants," by Prof. B. D. Halsted of the Agricultural Experiment Station at New Bruns- wick, N. J., was the next business in order. In the absence of its author, who was in attendance at a meeting elsewhere, Mr. John N. May had kindly consented to read the paper.
Mr. May received a round of applause upon coming forward. The paper was as follows :
Galls, that is unusual malformations of small portions of a plant, occur upon leaves, stems and roots, and may be induced by insects or other animals, fungi, etc. The time limits of this paper will not per- mit even the briefest outline of the various forms of galls of leaves or stems, and the subject assigned me is at once taken in hand.
Koot galls are many and equally various as to tlieir origin. A cab- bage or turnip plant, for example, is making a death struggle and upon removing its roots from the ground, they are found malformed beyond what the imagination would picture. The English truckers call it "finger and toes" in an attempt to describe, in the name, the strange combination of roots. We call it "clubroot" or "clumpfoot"; but by whatever name it is known, the fact remains that the root system has been wonderfully malformed and, instead of the ordinary fibrous roots there are a multitude of ill-shaped nodules strung together.
*NoTE. The two items referred to were subsequently revised to accord with the rules governing awards.
30 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEETH C0NVENTI0:N^,
This galling of the turnip, cabbage and allied, plants is due to a minute fungus that makes its attack upon the plant, while it is quite young and the roots are small and tender. The germs are in the soil and remain there for years, feeding upon the roots of weeds or other plants belonging to the cabbage group of plants. Thus the mustards, shepherd's purse, pepper grasses and similar weedy plants all harbor the clubroot fungus. This fact of the wide range of the turnip club- root pest is brought out to show how plants related to the crop infested may be the means of preserving the enemy and even increas- ing the germs in a soil, while the field is devoted to some other crop, simply because the weeds as nurse plants of the fungus are permitted to grow.
Instead of a cabbage one pulls up a vigorous bean plant. Upon its branching roots are a score or more of nearly spherical bodies half the size of small peas. These are the so-called tubercles and consist of a wall of normal bean root tissue ; but within this the cell contents consist of innumerable bacteria-like cells.
The following is Tubeuf's description of these galls as translated by Smith in the large book upon "Diseases of Plants " issued during the present year. "The short red-shaped microbe forces its way into a root hair or epidermal cell, multiplies there, and is conducted to the inner cortical cells by plasma threads continuous through the cell walls. A rapid division of the inner cortical cells is set up till a tubercle is formed. * * * * The bacteria multiply simultaneously and are transferred into new cells where a great change comes over most of them; they enlarge very much and become club-shaped or dichotomously branched bodies without power of division. * * The great importance of the tubercles of leguminosse.is that the plants bearing them are capable of taking up free nitrogen from the atmos- phere and utilizing it."
This somewhat lengthy quotation has been made because the find- ing of these galls upon the roots of clover and other leguminoste by some growers of roses and other ornamental plants had led to some discussion in the public press. The galls common to the clover roots and those of peas, beans and many other plants are not due to the same cause as those met with upon the roots of many ornamental plants, and the finding of them upon the clovers growing in a certain soil should be in no way used as a reason for discarding that soil for greenhouse purposes. In like manner the galls produced in the roots of any clover or clover-like plants in a bed devoted to roses is no index whatsoever that there is danger of the roses becoming galled.
The subject of tubercles and the peculiar relation that they bear in the economy of the plant bearing them forms one of the most inter- esting chapters in modern vegetable nutrition. In case of the galls upon the cabbage roots they are a positive injury and sooner or later the plant loses the power of root absorption and wilts and dies; the roots in the meantime becoming rotten and foul smelling. With the tubercles of the leguminosae there is increased vigor given to the plant
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 31
that bears them, and the advantage of their development is a well recognized fact, which is taking practical shape in the artificial propa- gation of the tubercle germs, and their being sown where there may be otherwise a lack of them in the soil.
In the third place let us consider the nature of the root gull of the roses. These are not due to fungi or the organisms that produce the tubercles of the leguminose plants, but result from the attack of microscopic worms that are known as nematodes. These creatures are in form like that of an ordinary eel and under the miscroscope are easily recognized by their almost constant wiggling, thus giving them the common name of eel-worms. The general appearance of rose roots when infested with the nematode worms is not unlike that of a lupine or a sweet clover plant. The galls of the one might easily be mistaken for those of the other until the microscope is brought to the rescue, when the differences become so remarkable that the wonder is that causes so widely separated should produce results that to the naked eye are so similar. The galls of the rose vary much in size and shape, but usually are but a small fraction of an inch in diameter and consist of enlargements of the fibres of the root system.
These nematode galls are much more abundant upon the roots than generally known, and because of their being under ground they remain unnoticed until the infested plants show unmistakable signs of decline, when an investigation results in the discovery of the root galls. They are much more abundant in warm climates than elsewhere, and that is one reason why they are especially prevalent in the greenhouse.
In looking up the subject of a tomato blight in Mississippi a few years ago, the writer was impressed with the fact that nearly every tomato plant was affected with root galls due to nematodes. In the north the freezing of the soil thoroughly and deeply during the winter tends to keep these root enemies in check, and from experience it is a a fact that they are more abundant in seasons that follow mild winters
In this there is a practical suggestion, namely, the long hard freez- ing of a soil that is to be afterwards employed in the greenhouse for the growth of plants like roses and violets that are very liable to attack from the nematode. These worms propagate with great rapidity where conditions favor them, and it is better to take all precautions in keeping them out of the bed at the outset, than to leave the work of eradication until after they are well established in the plants.
This leads directly to a consideration of precautionary measures. In the first place the plants should be free from the worms, the most difficult end to reach, as it means a removal of the earth and a careful examination of the roots with the rejection of all plants that are infested. The eel-worms may come in with the earth and, as before stated, they infest the roots of many plants, there is difficulty in making a selection and feel at all certain of freedom from the worms. Soil that has been used for growing a previous crop should be dis- carded, especially if the plants lacked in vigor, due to inroads upon them made by the nematodes. Freeziug as before stated
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
is a cleansing process for the soil. On the other hand, a high temperature is also inimical to them. The heating of the soil, either baking or steaming, is probably the more available of the two treat- ments and has been resorted to by some growers with cheering results. If manure should be the chief vehicle for the entrance of the worms, it may be possible to either heat it, or else resort to plant food added in the form of commercial fertilizers. It is also possible that some substance may be put upon the soil that, while harmless to the plants, may kill the worms that are not already in the roots of the plants. Lime is such a substance, which when sprinkled over the surface will, at each watering, yield a lime wash that is destructive to the worms it reaches. Kainit, one of the leading commercial fertilizers has proved effective in combating insects that work through the soil, and it is not unlikely that this substance may prove of value in the greenhouse.
In conclusion, it has been the attempt in this brief paper to call attention to three classes of root galls by citing one case of each. First, those malformations of roots, like the clubroot of the cabbage, due to a low form of mold, the germs of which enter from the soil, and when in sufficient number destroy the affected plant.
Secondly, the root galls of clover and clover-like plants, which are produced by bacterial germs, but instead of inducing decay promote the life of the plant in which they are lodged. Between the clover and the tubercle germ there exists, so to say, a mutual understanding, and their life processes are united for the benefit of both.
Lastly, a third class of root galls is considered, namely, those most abundant -upon the roots of greenhouse plants and much dreaded by florists. These are produced by microscopic worms that, thriving in the tissue of the abnormally swollen roots, check the activity of the plant and ultimately may cause it to sicken and die.
For the eradication of these microscopic eel-worms there are cer- tain precautionary measures that may well be borne in mind, namely, the examination of the roots of plants and the rejection of all that are galled; the cleansing of the soil in all its constituents by freezing, bak- ing or steaming; the use of lime water while the crop is growing and possibly that of Kainit or some other commercial fertilizer, bearing in mind always that sick plants are unprofitable, and good management means watchfulness from the start and always.
The President called attention to the importance of the subject of Prof. Halsted's carefully prepared paper and invited discussion.
Mr. H. a. Siebrecht made a brief response to the invitation. He expressed his appreciation of the paper and also of the trouble which Prof. Halsted had taken to give the Society some insight into the matter. He said there was much to be learned about insect life, not only as to the eel-worm but as to many other such pests and enemies
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 33
with which the tiorists have to fight during their lives. He believed that if the members of the Society would avail themselves of the opportunities at their command, they could reach the experiment stations and find great benefit in the knowledge there acquired in regard to different insects and insecticides. He thought that in this way a valuable paper like that now presented would be forthcoming each year, at the annual meeting, and that further investigation and study would give a deeper insight into and stimulate a study of the trouble caused by the insects with which llorists had to contend every day. [Applause.]
Mr. M. I. O'Brien of Sharon, Pa. : When we sent part of our root galls to be examined they were found to contain eel-worms, and I would like to be informed as to the best way of making an examina- tion ourselves. I found, in the course of a little experiment, that by taking a part of the gall and placing it under an ordinary magnifying glass I could not discover any eel-worm, but by putting a portion of this gall, say one-eighth of an inch, between two small pieces of glass, pressing it until the sap or juice came out and then placing the sap under a magnifying glass, I discovered four of those eel-worms swim- ming around in the liquid. I have tried the remedies suggested in the trade papers. I have also tried a strong solution of tobacco water around the roots, and I will repeat it this Fall. I believe that Mr. May is quite an authority on eel-worms, and I ask him if, in his discoveries, he has found anything that will check their progress. I, for one, should much like to have him throw some light on the subject.
Mr. John N. May. In reply to Mr. O'Brien's remarks I would say that appeals are often made to me by people who want to know how to detect the eel-worm. First of all you have to cut those root galls into pieces, as many as you like, (it is best to split them in the centre,) and then use water enough to dissolve them or to soften them. Out of a small root gall, if properly handled — a small piece not larger than the head of a pin — I have often squeezed, with a pair of tweezers, twenty-five or thirty eel-worms alive. But, as a matter of fact, in doing that you must kill a great many. A fair estimate made by Prof. Halsted and myself, when we were investigating the eel-worm ques- tion, was that from fifty to seventy-five eel-worms could be found in a single clump not much larger than a pin's head. This will enable you to form an idea of how many there really are 'in the roots of a whole plant.
With reference to checking the eel-worm I am free to confess that I have found but one really safe thing to do; and that is, subjecting your soil, every particle of it, manure and everything else, to at least 2.35 to 240 degrees before using. Then you can be safe from eel-worms but not until then. If your soil naturally has eel-worms in it you will get them in the plants.
The paper just read is hitting at me on one point — in reference to clover roots. Professor Halsted and myself have had a good many arguments over this. I thought I had demonstrated to him that he
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
was a little at sea, as well as other gentlemen, in regard to it. I can produce clover roots within thirty minutes of my greenhouse that are absolutely full of eel-worms, and I can produce clover roots at the same distance in another direction that have no eel-worms in the galls upon them. Science is all right, of course, but I come down to facts. If I take into the greenhouse, soil from a field that has eel- worms in it and if I plant my roses in that soil the roots will be full of eel- worms. At the same time I can take soil from another portion where there are no eel-worms, and I can grow my roses as well as I have ever done by the same process. Unfortunately, the soil is not at my command; I cannot buy it and cannot make it. It is a conundrum as to why soil at points not more than ten miles apart should be so entirely different in its composition. I do not contend that club roots on clover are always produced by eel-worms but large numbers of them are pro- duced by eel-worms, because I have extracted as many eel-worms from club of clover root as I have from the same sized club of a rose root.
Mr. Benj. Hammond of Fishkill, IS". Y. : Having listened to the paper of Prof. Halsted and the remarks of Mr. May, I wish to give a hint or two which, if followed by gentlemen who are growing roses, will probably do no harm and may be of considerable benefit to them. That which I suggest has been tried in the cultivation not only of roses but of cabbage, cauliflower and other plants that are amenable to clubroot or the enlargement of their root gland. The mouth of the root is open, .and in the root there is a hollow as there is in a hair; these minute eel-worms bite on the root, and the consequnece is that an excrescence grows there, which stops the suction power of the root, cutting off the feeding of the body of the plant, and causing the plant to die for want of nourishment. I am reminded of a simple remedy for this trouble. It is alluded to in Peter Henderson's book called "Gardening for Profit," wherein attention is called to the fact that in Communipaw the gardeners were successful in raising cabbage largely free from clubroot by the use of lime. Now, lime is nearly an insoluble substance. If my memory serves me right, it takes about one thousand pounds of water to dissolve about one pound of lime. If you take a hundred pounds of slack lime and let it stand until it becomes thoroughly pulverant, it will expand in bulk. Then take three pounds of nitrate of soda and let it dry by exposure until it has lost a good portion of its dampness, (thereby losing nothing in the vital properties of your chemicals but simi^ly losing moisture,) then reduce it to a fine powder like salt, by using a common rolling-pin or by treading on it. You will put that to your hundred pounds of slack lime and mix it up thoroughly. Then take the soil that is to be put in your bench and mix the lime and soda with it, using perhaps about one bushel in bulk to a bench, say, of one hundred feet in length, or there- abouts. You will find that this will prove quite effective in destroy- ing the pernicious pests in the soil.
If you do not care to take that trouble with your soil, you may take the lime, after the plants are set, and dust it upon the soil in
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 35
sufficient quantity to show a white powder over the entire surface. This can be done with an ordinary implement, such as is used in dust- ing plaster and Paris Green over potatoes. When applied in that way, in sufficient quantity, you can do no harm and may derive much benefit.
Mr. E. H. Cushman of Euclid, Ohio, asked of what value is the nitrate of soda with lime.
Mr. Hammond replied: The nitrate of soda causes a rapid and vigorous growth; and the more root you get on a plant the more easy it is to keep it going, even if some should be destroyed by the eel- worm.
The President invited further discussion in the line of Mr. Hammond's instructive remarks, but no response was made.
On motion of Mr. "W. W. Coles, a vote of thanks to Prof. Halsted was unanimously carried.
THE FLORIST AS SCIENTIST VS. ARTISAN.
The next matter on the program was a paper on " The Florist as Scientist vs. Artisan," by Mr. F. W. Rane, of the Agricultural College, Durham, N. H.
The paper was read by its author and was much applauded. It was as follows :
By way of introduction, I wish to say that by the term, "florist, " 1 really mean " horticulturist, " using it in the broader sense, just as we call our gathering "The Society of American Florists," the term in- cluding the landscape gardener, park superintendent, and not exclud- ing, as far as I know, the vegetable or fruit-grower, should he desire to join.
Most of us call ourselves florists while here, nevertheless I dare say but few of us adhere strictly to floriculture. The great rank and file grow plants and flowers, but find it to our advantage to have had more or less experience in laying out grounds, growing vegetables and fruits, propagating shubbery, caring for parks, cemeteries, etc.
Much was said last year about changing the name of our Associa- tion, many thinking we have outgrown the old name, and that the term does not convey the larger and truer meaning it should. While this is true, it nevertheless appears to me that it is far better to have an association with an elastic name rather than one with a name too general. There are enough florists in this country to make this Society a success, and florists, as a class, are such whole-souled and good- hearted people that they are always willing to expand and enlarge along parallel occupations should circumstances desire or demand it.
I would venture to say that should I inquire of this Association as to the best varieties of lettuce or celery on the one hand, or shrubs and
36 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
trees on the other, the subject would be as ably discussed as the culture of many flowers.
During the past year I had occasion to advertise for a foreman to take charge of both greenhouse and gardens at the New Hampshire College, and found that all the applicants were men claiming to be experienced in one as well as the other. During the past month a gentleman living in London, England, having just completed a fine summer residence in our town, desired to get a man suited to take charge of his place ; it is needless to say that there was little trouble in filling the same. There are plenty of men who have prepared them- selves for just such places. This man wanted drives laid out, a small vegetable garden, plants for his table and conservatory, lawn kept in order, etc.
Now to return to my subject, should I call a person filling the last named position, or, in fact either, a florist or a horticulturist ? Per- haps the latter would be more fitting, but were neither a florist they could not have filled the positions. "VVe may consider " florist, " therefore, as a broad term for the present.
It is equally important that I convey to you my meaning of "scientist" and "artisan." Perhaps I should have used the terms educated and uneducated florists ; however, that does not convey the whole meaning I desire to present. It appears to me that many times the term "scientist" is misconstrued. A scientific florist is simply a man who has a knowledge of the elementary sciences, such as botany, which may be divided into systematic, economic and physiological botany ; chemistry of plant growth; soil physics; geology; entomology, or the classification and study of insects and how to combat them ; micology, or the study of plant diseases, their remedies, etc. To some, education in all these branches may seem unnecessary, but they are, nevertheless, as fundamental to the enlightened understanding and due appreciation of a fiorist as it is for a doctor to have a knowledge of the origin and uses of the medicines which he prescribes for his patients. Time was when there were few doctors and many so-called " quacks; " nowadays the quack is disappearing. The natural tenden- cy, however, is toward physicians, well educated, trained and skilled in their profession. The quack was a doctor in the days gone by as much as the MD. ; and the terms, "artisan" and "scientist" are as applicable to these two cases as they are to the term "florist " to-day. We would have the quack doctors with us still, were it not that the study of medicine has reached a scientific level, and only those able and willing to attain that high standing are recognized as worthy of practicing it. The florist is not compelled to pass any state examina- tions to practice his profession, and his occupation is not directly parallel to that of a physician ; nevertheless, it should be our aim to make our calling of high attainments. Although many of us are capable of growing flowers and making a financial success of it, we nevertheless are anxious that the occupation we represent be^^ennobled and of high standard.
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 37
Who of US would not have our sous aud daughters better educated than are we ourselves, in the fundamentals that go to make their occupations in life the better understood and loved V It is here, then, I desire to point out in a general way, the difference between the florist as scientist and artisan. Time was when the florist was simply an artisan or person appreciated in his profession, required to do in a mechanical way as his einployer or foreman did ; no reasons or expla- nations were necessary. He simply imbibed the business until he became an automatic machine, never doing anything in an original way.
We doubtless have many florists to-day that belong to this old school of training, and many, too, that are considered a prize by their employers. I think it is Peter Henderson that shows in some of his writings very plainly that in floriculture, as in other occupations, American thrift and enterprise have rapidly been changing, and that one finds that there are other way of doing things even better, quicker and by far more profitable than the old one.
In floriculture, as elsewhere, the wide-awake ■ man who is well versed in and prepared for his life work, is the successful one. It would be a simple matter for me to point out, as noted examples, members of this Association, who are recognized as men of thought and ability, as is evidenced by their publications and writings. These are the men we feel proud of and point our would-be florists to, as examples. There are plenty of us who can do the routine work of floriculture, but comparatively few who can stimulate others to an appreciation of our labors. I sincerely believe that we, as florists, should resolve to place a high standard of education upon our em- ployees, and insist that they become versed in the simple scientific principles covering plant growth, so that they would become more. actively interested in their calling.
Education means advancement. I have students in my classes in horticulture who knew nothing about floriculture or its allied sub- jects, nor even, perhaps, ever cared anything about the subject until it was brought before them, when many became deeply interested. Although few ever become florists, nevertheless, from their short experience in such work as in making an inventory of all the plants in the greenhouses, recording their names, propagating a number from both seeds and cuttings, learning something of their insect enemies and fungous diseases, etc., they gain an interest in them that is lasting. One young man, taking the general agricultural course, who has a year yet before graduating, naturally took to the subjects of Forestry and Landscape Gardening. For his practical work this Spring term, he surveyed, plotted and prepared general drawings for our college grounds.
We need more teaching of floriculture. Floricultural schools are the things of the future, as indeed, is already being evidenced. Courses in floriculture are already offered in our best agricultural col- leges, there being in some cases both the scientifically-trained teacher and a good practical florist, under whom the student receives his
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONA^ENTION,
instruction. It was but a few years ago that horticulture was recog- nized as being of enough importance in our colleges to allow a man to devote all his attention to it. The Professor of Horticulture has invariably been Professor of Agriculture, Botany, Entomology, Geology, etc., in which horticulture usually received the least attention. It is needless for me to say this is rapidly changing.
Horticulture is a term covering the science and art of Pomology, or fruit growing, Oleraculture or vegetable gardening. Floriculture, and Landscape Horticulture. A horticulturist is not a specialist as much as a florist. The one is general while the other is specific. The requirements or preparation for either should be the same up to a certain point. No student can be made properly to understand the facts of horticulture unless he is thoroughly grounded in the elemen- tary sciences of Botany, Chemistry, etc., which underlie the principles of plant growth. The sciences underlying floriculture are necessarily taught in our advanced common schools. Much is said in these days about agriculture and its allied branches being taught in our public schools. We inight join such and ask that we specialize still further and treat floriculture here also. It seems to nie here we make a mistake. It is well enough to decorate and embellish schoolrooms and grounds and insist that our teachers have a liking for and knowl- edge of the vegetable kingdom, but another thing to teach abstract principles to those who have no idea of the simple. The primary school is the place, however, for primary instruction and should be confined to that. What the child needs is a general education with the technical brought in as early as possible and not too early.
This is the practical age, and success seems to be measured by the financial side. Everything that contributes to money-making seems to be sought after, regardless of consequences. The haste to become a full-fledged florist has undoubtedly dwarfed many a young man that might have been better prepared for his life work had he stuck to schooling longer. This is not only true of the florist, but in many other professions. The utilitarian idea has caused many a lawyer, preacher, farmer, horticulturist, doctor, etc., to take the shortest cut toward passing as. a representative of one or the other of these various professions, with the result of being handicapped. A fourth-rate lawyer seldom becomes first-rate, a quack doctor a first-class physician, a poor preacher an orator, or, in fact, an uneducated florist the representa- tive man that he might, had he prepared himself the more thoroughly. There are hundreds of florists to-day, had they the proper earlier training to enable them to understand and express themselves plainly, either orally or in writing, who would he far in advance of what they are already. I do not desire to be understood as criticising in any way our florists of to-day, as no country of the world has made more rapid advancement in so short a time ; nevertheless, we have a future before us that promises much, provided the advancement is of the right sort. It is with this future plainly m view that I throw out the thought of this short paper.
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 39
If we remain content with making a financial success only and ever live for grasping and thrusting the almighty dollar into our pockets, we forget the goal of life. Doubtless there is many an artisan who loves and appreciates his work, but how much more he might appreciate it were he better prepared to comprehend its broader signifi- cance.
Finally, we cannot know too much about our occupations; the more that is known, the broader the horizon, and the greater pleasure and profit to be had. The inspiration, fellowship, and broader knowl- edge gained from attending meetings of this sort are in direct line of education. Many florists remain away, doubtless on account of the expense principally; others think they cannot be taught anything they do not know already. 1 do not believe there is a single progressive florist or person interested in floriculture within reasonable distance, but that would be fully repaid financially, as well as educationally, should he attend and get in touch with the real object of this Associa- tion. The practical idea should not absorb the mind so that people lose sight of the broader fields.
To conclude, I would not be understood as advocating never to advise young men to attempt becoming florists were they unable to have had the training of a scientist. It is well known many have, and others will make, successes in this very way. The artisan is fully as important as the scientist, but where both can be found in one, the nearer we approach the ideal florist. Let us elevate, ennoble and improve our chosen profession by improving our own opportunities as well as stimulating a worthy appreciation and better preparation for the work of future generations, thereby bringing greater credit to the name "florist."
The President invited discussion of the very carefully pre- pared and interesting paper by Mr. Rane.
Mr. H. a. Siebrecht said the author of the paper had so fully covered the subject that there appeared to be nothing left to be said upon it, other than that Mr. Rane was entitled to an appre- ciative vote of thanks for his able production.
On motion of Mr. Siebrecht, a unanimous vote of thanks was tluly extended to Mr. Rane.
trees and shrubs grown by florists. The subject of the next paper was " Trees and Shrubs such as should be grown by every Florist," by Mr. Chas. J. Dawson of Bussey Institution, Boston, Mass. Mr. Dawson, on coming for- ward, was warmly greeted. His paper was as follows :
It is only a few years ago that the general public was hungering for that form of gardening, which brought out great splendor of color,
40 PROCEEDIISrGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
easy to obtain on account of the enterprise of the seedsmen and florists who filled their catalogues full of glary, showy novelties and tender garden plants. The planting of beds of tender plants, such as geraniums and coleus, became a veritable craze and exceedingly popu- lar, because public taste began to demand bright-colored and stiff material for a special gardening purpose.
This purpose was part of a generally increasing desire to ornament home grounds as effectively as possible with the smallest expenditure. An immediate and showy result was the end desired in our gardens, and no way seemed so seductive as to mass such plants as geraniums, coleus, and the like, in large bodies, so that the vividness of leaf and flower should be brought out in a strong relief against the green turf.
That this form of gardening around home grounds was of the most expensive sort, in the long run, is well known to all who have attempted it, and that it is growing very unpopular to the average public having suburban home grounds to make attractive, is noticed upon every side, and the growing tendency to plant shrubs and vines around the home grounds of even the smallest size, shows very plainly how the average taste is turning to the permanent planting of trees shrubs or herbaceous plants.
To the public parks of all our large cities and towns we are greatly indebted for the great object lesson that they are placing before the public. That the popularity of many of our beautiful shrubs is due to the proper planting and massing of shrubs in our parks cannot be denied. The introduction of the study of botany in all our public schools, is also doing much to create a love of nature and awaken an interest in the planting of some plant or other, that would otherwise be slow in developing in the rising generation. Once let a person begin the study of plants, and he or she will desire to increase the list of acquaintances of plant life, and use their eyes in reference to plant beauty as they never did before.
The fast-growing custom of planting of school grounds which is being advocated so much of late, is another step which cannot help but arouse the interest and enthusiasm of the rising generation to the desirability of doing some planting around their future homes.
Village improvement societies are all doing much to encourage special improvement of the grounds of all their villages. The improve- ment of the road by planting shade trees and groups of shrubs in the public squares also tends to encourage the inhabitants of the town to do likewise.
Thus it is that a person of average intellect, who has a home of his own, soon awakens to the fact that the most refreshing antithesis to the hard lines of straight and formal plots of land and angular, stiff houses with few lines of beauty, is shrubbery plantations.
Every attempt to beautify the surroundings of a country home, no matter on how small a scale, tends to awaken a neighbor's interest for such beauties, and the personal example of many a man, set by the
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 41
proper planting of his grounds, has no doubt led to the regenerating of the planting of home grounds of the entire community.
Thus it is very evident that the popular taste for the use of trees and shrubs is on a rapid increase, and it was with this knowledge in view that your Executive Committee selected this subject, as one which should receive the earnest consideration of all florists who have a nice business established in the suburbs of some large city or town, where there is always more or less ornamental planting going on in their neighborhood.
If you have a plot of land connected with your establishment for which you have no particular use, would it not be wise for you to establish a small supply nursery for the benefit of your customers who would naturally want to ornament their grounds with some shrubs and vines, and who would much prefer to obtain them locally than to send to some distant nursery ?
This is a question you must answer for yourself. Would the income derived from such a venture pay you and add a goodly amount to your present income ? "Would the sale of such stock interfere with your already existing business ? For instance, would the sale of bed- ding plants be on the decrease by the introduction of a supply nursery of this sort V
Personally, I do not believe the Spring sales of your bedding plants would be injured in the least, even though the demand for shrubbery plantations is constantly upon the increase, as there will always be a goodly demand for a geranium, coleus, heliotrope, and the like, as they are indispensable in certain forms of gardening.
The public who wish to plant shrubs will have them any way, whether they obtain them locally or from a distance. There is hardly a day passes with me in the Spring of the year, but what some inter- ested person will stop and ask me questions in reference to some common shrub, and where it can be obtained; and always appear very much disappointed when I inform them that there is no local florist who keeps such shrubs, and that they will have to send some distance to a nurseryman. This you can realize is very provoking when the party only wishes a small number, say from six to twelve.
With a suitable plot of land you might as well receive the benefit from this source of business as well as some distant nurseryman, and the establishment of this department would in all probability attract heretofore unknown customers for your other-stock.
I do not recommend the establishment of a sizeable nursery in this connection, but only what one might call a supply nursery, from which you would be able to fill the average small order that is so often sought after ; all larger orders which you would be quite probable to receive from time to time, you could have shipped to your client direct from your favorite nurseryman.
The varieties of shrubs carried would naturally have to be limited and the number of each kind would depend largely upon the locality in which you were situated. In the selectioji of your species and
42 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
varieties there are a few points to bear in mind ; first, that there are a few plants which nearly every one will want. Deutzia gracilis, Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora and lilacs are merely examples of that kind. Some of your clients will, in all probability, wish you to make a small plantation around their house. In this case you should have such shrubs as always group well together. This will not really take many sorts, as the practice now in vogue of massing a number of plants of one sort will readily do away with any great variety.
Again, you should take care not to select a list of shrubs which would all rtower at the same season of the year, but, have a few sorts for different times of the season.
Novelties — It might be well to carry a few of the most popular ones, but very few ; the public is slow in recognizing them. Fight shy of them, and, in preference, carry the sorts for the hundreds instead of plants for an individual.
Trees — I should not recommend to carry, unless a few of the choicer sorts, such as magnolias. Better obtain them direct from the grower.
Vines — You will need a few, such as wistaria, Ampelopsis Yeitchii, clematis, actinidia, and climbing loniceras.
For hedge plants, Berberis Thunbergii, privets, and Spiraea Thun- bergii are the most popular.
Hybrid roses and a few pillar roses will always find a ready sale.
Altogether, twenty-five to thirty sorts of shrubs and vines are all a local fiorist should attempt to carry to commence with. This number will make quite a nursery, and will be sufficient to meet the average demand.
One word in regard to the planting and digging of the stock you are to carry. You should know enough about the planting of the shrubs to oversee or advise as to the proper treatment of same. after they are sold. There is altogether too large a percentage of shrubs that die annually simply because they are not properly planted, and then the nurseryman is usually blamed for it. No doubt he is often- times to blame, but more often the trouble is due directly to the customer who imagines he knows all about the planting in question, and really knows nothing. Poorly prepared soil, the roots of the plant severely cut back or doubled up and placed in practically a post hole is too often the treatment that a well grown nursery plant receives, and then it is expected not only to live, but to thrive.
If you are to make a success of a local shrub business you must see that your shrubs are properly dug, pruned and i)acked before they leave your establishment, . and then be able to talk intelligently to your customer in reference to the habits and future treatment of the stock sold. In starting a small nursery of this sort, it seems to me that the best plan would be to lay in a fair stock of salable-sized plants from some reliable nursery, then, in order to keep up a supply, obtain a stock of small plants and grow them on for two or three years, when
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.
43
they would be of a very salable size. In this way you could keep up a good supply from year to year as your business demanded.
For a list of shrubs which would be most desirable, I would recommend the following :
Syringa vulgaris (lilac) purple and white, and if business demanded it, a tew of the choicer sorts, also theSyringa]Chinensis (Persian lilac,) Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora, Yiburnum opulus sterilis, (the com- mon snowball,) Deutzia gracilis, Spirsea Thunbergii, Spirtea Van Houttei, Forsythia Fortunei, Exochorda granditlora, althsea, Lonicera Tartarica, L. stella, and L. Morrowii, Philadelphus coronarius, Pyrus Japonica, and Rosa rugosa. The above are all popular and well known.
Hybrid roses in variety; pillar roses, such as the Crimson Rambler, the Dawson and Rosa multitlora ; Rosa setigera and Rosa Wichuraiana are two first-class single roses, which are bound to be in great demand in the near future.
Magnolia stellata, M. Soulangeana, M. speciosa, and Pyrus Park- manii would do well for small trees.
Lonicera Halleana and L. Heckrodoti I would recommend as two first-class climbing honeysuckles.
Rhododendrons, hybrid sorts, Ghent and Mollis azaleas, and Daphne cneorum might be added as choicer and more expensive sorts to be carried in small quantities.
For midsummer Hypericum aureum and H. Kalmianum would be good.
This would make a fair list to start with ; more could be added or others substituted as business demanded ; but to commence with, this list would be enough, and, as a rule, be satisfactory to the most eccentric customer unless he be looking for novelties.
Mr. H.^'A. Siebrecht, responding to the President's invitation to discuss the paper, said: Mr. President, this is another very valuable horticultural sermon — one which we need and which the average florist needs. We see the florist in some little town or village, or even in a large town, with a greenhouse and a little piece of ground planted out with carnations and other things that he requires to fill his house with. He has, perhaps, a few rods of cut bloom for the summer — summer flora, as they are called — and then he has a patch of corn or half an acre of potatoes; but you seldom see there a little nursery such as Mr. Dawson has spoken of, nor any choice planting about the place. Now I want to ask, how many shrubs would it take to pay for all the potatoes he can raise in his little patch. Why, a dozen or two of small shrubs would pay for all the potatoes he raises there. And how much more ornamental and fitting would it be to have those shrubs in the place of the fodder corn such as a common truckman would grow, on a place like that.
The subject has been presented^by Mr. Dawson so forcibly that I hope, when we go home, we will all make a practical adaptation of
44 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
what he has prescribed. I know that all the work on his paper was not done by him in one day or one night. I know what a task it is to sit down and prepare a list of shrubs fitted for this place or the other. His paper is the result of many evenings of thought and toil ; he has sacrificed his time in order to give us that which he has given us, and I appreciate all this and hope that we all appreciate it. [Applause.]
On motion of Mr. Siebreciit, seconded by Mr. Robert Kift^ the thanks of the Societ}^ were unanimously voted to Mr. Dawson for his well-thought-out and interesting paper.
To meet at Omaha in 1898.
The President announced as the next business, the selection of a meeting place for the Convention in 1898, and called for the reading of correspondence which had been received in relation to it.
The Secretary stated that, in addition to the invitations read on the previous day — from Omaha, Niagara Falls and Old Point Comfort — the following had been received, viz :
An invi*:ation from M. P. Hurlburt, Secretary to the Commis- sioners of Parks and Boulevards, of Detroit, stating that Commis- sioner Balsley had had a talk with a number of leading Detroit fiorists ; that he said there would be no trouble in getting a good hall for exhibition puposes and for the meetings, a good bowling alley, shooting grounds and first-class hotel accommodations at from f 1.50 per day upward, and that if the Society would come they could own the parks and boulevards and the Commissioner would have the city thrown in.
A telegram from Swart Bros, of Detroit, repeating the invitation and requesting distribution among the members of the contents of a package of books.
A letter from Buffalo, signed by the Secretary of the Pan-American Exposition to be held in 1899, addressed to Mr. D. B. Long, requesting him to suggest the desirability of holding the Convention in that year either at Niagara Falls, Buffalo or La Salle, and of having two floral exhibitions on a large scale — one in May and one in September — to show the progress made on this side of the Atlantic in floriculture, the Exposition Company promising to aid in providing the best facilities therefor, so as to make the Exhibition "the finest and most complete display ever made in America, if the technical conditions permit. "
(♦Note. Secretary Stewart remarked that the package had not arrived.)
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 45
Mr. F. W. Taylor, representing the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition to be held at Omaha in 1898, who had asked to be heard, was here permitted to address the Convention upon the claims of Omaha as the next meeting place of the Society of American Florists. He was invited to the platform and, upon coming forward, remarked that he thought he had a fairly good card of introduction, in the fact that he came of eight generations of New England ancestry. He said a low railroad fare to Omaha would be secured, that it would pay his hearers to go there and that the people there wanted them to come. He presented a num- ber of cordial invitations (reading some of them and stating the purport of others) as follows :
From the officers of the State Horticultural Society of Nebraska, pledging their best endeavors to make the Society's meeting a grand success.
From Silas A. Holcomb, Governor of Nebraska, stating that dur- ing the period of the Exposition (from June to November, 1898) many national organizations will hold their conventions at Omaha; assuring the Society of American Florists, on behalf of the people of Omaha and of Nebraska generally, that every courtesy would be extended to them, and authorizing Mr. Taylor to present the invitation.
From President F. M. Powell of the Iowa State Horticultural Society, stating that the great West is a growing field for work in the florist's line, and trusting that a meeting at Omaha will increase the interest in floral work in the West.
From President J. P. Hess of the Southwestern Iowa Horticultural Society, seconding the invitation of the State Society.
From John A. Wakefield, Secretary of the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition, stating that "The Exposition is designed to illustrate the resources, products and capabilities of the Trans- Mississippi States and territories, and of foreign countries;" that "it is to be second only to the World's Fair at Chicago;" and promising very low railroad rates and the efforts of the management and of the citizens of Omaha to make the sojourn of the Society of American Florists both pleasant and profitable.
From J. E. Utt, Secretary of the Commercial Club of Omaha, representing all the business and professional interests of the city; assuring the Society of American Florists that they will be entertained by warm hearts and prodigal hands, .that ample accommodations for the meetings and first-class hotel accommodations, at reasonable rates, will be provided; and adding, " Omaha is the central city of the United States, midway on the shortest trans-continental line between the two oceans. Twenty lines of railway diverge from it and form a direct line of travel to every city in the country. Any of the delegates who may desire to go farther West will have a direct line of road run-
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
iiing from Omaha to all places of interest, including the Black Hills, Yellowstone Park, Colorado, Salt Lake and California."
From the officers of the State Horticultural Society of Nebraska, pledging their best endeavors to make the meeting a grand success.
From twenty-one florists and seedsmen of the three cities of Omaha, Lincoln and Council Bluffs, pledging the Society of Amer- ican Florists to do everything in their power to make the gathering pleasant as well as profitable, and to secure a large attendance from the great Trans-Mississippi country, which has heretofore been very poorly represented in numbers at the conventions.
Mr. Taylor, in urging the acceptance of the invitation, said lie had been assured by the Manager of the Western Passenger Association that a one-half railroad fare would be granted. He claimed that the time of travel to Omaha would not be more than twenty-four hoitrs longer than to any other points to which the Society was invited. He spoke of the mutual benefit to Western florists and to the Society from a meeting in the West, and added, " The florists there will not only themselves become members of the Society, if you meet there, but they will endeavor to bring in all the florists in that section of the country. "
Upon the conclusion of Mr. Taylor's remarks, President Gra- ham said he had received a request from Chancellor McLean, of the State University of Nebraska, who was present, to be permitted to say a few words, biit that that gentlemen, not being a member of the Society, could only be heard, through courtesy, by unanimous consent, [No objection was made.]
Hon. Geo. Edwin McLean of the State University of Ne- braska, was then invited to the platfrom. He made an earnest and eloquent appeal in favor of Omaha. Referring to the University from which he came, he said that floriculture and horticulttire were included in the regular University courses as w^ell as in those of the College of Agriculture, and that it was a modern institution which his hearers ought to come to see. He suggested the quer}^ " Will it i^ay to go there," and continued :
Yes, it will pay, the Society to live up to its name. It is the Society of American Florists — not a Society of New England or New York fiorists, but of American florists. The development in the last twenty-five years of that great mid-land region beginning with the eastern boundary of Ohio and extending to the western boundary of Nebraska is unparalleled in history. Into the very heart of that
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 47
region, with its twenty-two millions of inhabitants, you go when you go to the great Trans-Mississippi Exposition at Omaha. You will add glory to your Society and profit to yourselves by a study of the exhibits there and will have something to prepare you not only for the Niagara Falls Exhibition but for the Exposition at Paris — that place where, we understand, good Americans go when they die. [Merriment.]
Would you do your share to prevent the development of sectional- ism ? It is not a year since some of us feared a new division line, not one between the North and South, but between the East and West. That division must never come. ["No, never, " and applause.] This very year shows special missions to keep us knit togetlier. The Chris- tian Endeavorers, with their thousands of people, have gone even to the Pacific coast, the National Educational Association to Milwaukee, the Association of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations to Minneapolis, and I might enumerate the migrations westward of other great national organizations which stand for peace and plenty. Let that good work be kept up and it will pay you. Why, there are men in Nebraska who look upon me as a New Englander with more curiosity than they look upon the Roman-nosed Taylor who has just addressed you. [Great merriment.] What they need to see is the Simon Pure Yankee and the Dutchman from the Hudson and from Pennsylvania.
I believe it will pay this Society to follow the advice of its Presi- dent in his address yesterday. He said you needed to do your work in all parts of the country in order not only to carry a conviction of the grandeur of it, but to secure a constituency that shall be genuinely national. Go to the mid-land, go beyond Chicago at this opportune moment, your treasury will gain immediately instead of losing : the education you disseminate will bring the merchantman and the Horist to you just as New York to-day is wise enough and western enough at last to have an Association to bring merchants from the West to do their trading in New York. They have come and distributed millions there within the last week. It will pay you in dollars and cents to come.
Upon the conclusion of the foregoing remarks, a general discussion took place.
Mr. Benj. Hammond of Fishkill, IST. Y., said that, at Cleve- land last year, he expressed the sentiment that if the Society would grow to the fullness of its name, it must go somewhere beyond the Eastern range of the Alleghenies. Everybody at that time seemed to be inspired with the thought of broadening the wings of the So- ciety and the indications were that they would vote by acclamation to go to Nashville, where they had been invited. But the question then came up as to whether the body could afford to go there or could afford to go West. It was shown by the careful Secretary of the Society that the oi-ganization was dependent for support
48 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
solely upon the anniial dues, and that there were not then enough members in the South or in the far West to insure sufficient re- turns to defray actual running expenses if the annual meeting was held in either section. This consideration could not be disregarded and it led to the selection of Providence.
If now, after hearing the Chancellor of the University of Nebraska, the members could summon uj) courage enough to vote to go to Nebraska, Mr. Hammond said, he thought it would be the right thing to do. He continued: "I, for one, will say that if by going to Omaha the revenue of the Society falls below the revenue of the present year at Providence, I will pay $50 toward making good the deficit, and, if necessary, $100. [Applause.]
Mr. H. a. Siebrecht of New Rochelle, N. Y., said he would vote to go to Omaha. At first thought he had been inclined to favor Detroit, because that city was right in the centre of what seemed to have come to be the little circle within which the Con- vention moved. He knew, moreover, that that invitation came from the heart and from a substantial source, as he was pei-sonally acquainted with Commissioner Balsley. Last year, when there was talk about whether it would \>^j, financially or in the way of membership, to go to Nashville, Mr. Siebrecht said he voted most emphatically to go there. He did this not because it would be any personal benefit or profit to himself — he acted upon such ques- tions from purely unselfish motives — but because he believed the * best interests of the Society dictated that it ought not to restrict itself to narrow or sectional limits. He said that to accomplish something that is grand and noble, sacrifices must be made and that, whether these were of time, of comfort, or of pleasure, the members should be willing to make them for the common cause. He held that the Society of American Florists, as a national body? should recognize all j^arts of the country, or else should amend its title, draw the line at the Mississippi or the Missouri, and become an Eastern Society. He continued :
I think we can get a few new members in the West, and I really do believe we ought to go across the Mississippi and show ourselves to the people out there, as other national organizations have done. If we can summon the courage to go, I will be willing to follow the example of Mr. Hammond and will pay $50, or will make it $100, to cover any deficit which may result from holding the Convention there. We can go to Detroit at some other time. Let us go to Omaha now, while we are in good health.
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 49
Mr. J. L. Dillon of Bloomsburg, Pa., said that last year he opposed going to Nashville, as the invitation did not come from the florists. He was now heartily in favor of a meeting at Omaha, as there were one or two hundred members of the craft there. He thought it was the duty of the Society to go West, in order to disseminate there a knowledge of the business.
Mr. Wm. F. Gude of AYashington, D. C, replying to what had been said heretofore about a small number of florists south of Mason and Dixon's line, reminded the Society that one of the finest exhibitions ever held under its auspices was the one at Washington, when the meeting was held thei'e.
Mr. John Reck of Bridgeport, Conn., favored Omaha. He said the Society was xVraerican in name and should be such in fact ; that the florist of to-day was not what he was twenty or twenty- five years ; that florists generally had been industrious and prosperous and their organization was entitled to rank among the prominent trade organizations of the country. He spoke of the vast extent and rapid development of the West, and suggested that a trip to Omaha would afford many members an opportunity to see and appreciate the greatness of their country. He believed that some of them would not return home imtil they had visited the-. National Park.
Mr. J. C. Vaughan of Chicago ; We have with us this year, art old member, a florist who runs 150,000 feet of glass along the Missouri River, near Kansas City, and I think that a word from him will give us an idea of the feeling of the Western florists on the question and will throw more light on it. I know the Convention is ready for a vote but I would like to hear from Mr. Kellogg.
Mr. G. M. Kellogg of Pleasant Hill, Mo., in rejDly, said the impression seemed to prevail among the florists of St. Louis, with respect to the Society of American Florists, that, they were being set aside and left out in the cold. He had stopped in that city on his way to the Convention and had learned something of this feel- ing. They regretted the fact that the annual meeting held in St. Louis was a sort of a failure because of the World's Fair which was then in progress in Chicago. They all wanted the Society to come West again. He also said that he thought a meeting at Omaha would tend to create good feeling all over the country. He had not given the subject much thought when he came to the
50 PROCEEDINGS OP THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
Convention, but the earnestness and eloquence of the gentlemen from Omaha had converted him to their views. He said he now felt like " whacking up " |50 to add to what had been promised, in case there was any lack of money because of the Omaha trip.
At this point the discussion closed and calls were made for a vote. Several delegates suggested that the Secretary be authorized to cast a unanimous vote in favor of Omaha, but objection was made.
Messrs. H. A. Siebrecht and J. M. Gasser, Avho were appointed tellers, distributed throughout the Convention, blank slips of paper, on which the members were requested to write the name of the city which they preferred as the next meeting place.
While the balloting was in progress, the following announce- ments were made :
President Graham: I am requested to announce that Mr. F. W. Taylor, of Nebraska, is willing to put his name down, if necessary, for twice the amount subscribed by the the other two gentlemen toward paying the expenses of the Omaha meeting.
Mr. Benj. Hammond : Mr. President, I am authorized by Mr. Ayls worth to state that he will pay this Society $300, for the privilege of publishing the official programme, if we go to Omaha.
After some time the result of the balloting was announced by Mr. H. A. Siebrecht, as follows: Omaha, 138; Detroit, 51; New York, 1; Nashville, 1.
Announcement was made that Omaha had been selected. [Applause.]
Mr. MacLean of Nebraska, again obtained the floor, and said: Allow me to say once more tliat we not only wanted your votes — we thank you for them — but we want your presence next year.
Secretary Stewart : I want to say a word, too. I heard some of our Western friends promise us three or four hundred new members in the State of Nebraska and its vicinity. We will hold them to their word next summer and the Society will be richer, I am sure, if they fulfill their promise. [Renewed applause.]
The Secretary here made sundry announcements, calling for meetings of some of the Exhibition Judges to revise portions of
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 51
their reports on account of exhibits having been overlooked, etc. ; also detailing: arrano^eraents for railroad return tickets and excur- sions to the parks. He also communicated a message from President McMahon, President of the Newport Gardeners', Florists' and Associates' Club, (who was unavoidably absent) extending, on behalf of the Club, a cordial invitation to all present to take part in and enjoy the excursion to Newport on Friday morning.
NOMIXATION OF OFFICERS.
An informal ballot for the nomination of officers for the ensu- ing year was the next business. Printed blanks containing the names of the officers to be voted for were distributed for the use of the delegates, the understanding being that the two gentlemen receiving the highest number of votes for each office would be the candidates to be A^oted for at the election on the following day.
Secretary Stewart said : The custom of the Society behig to select its Vice-President from the locality in which the next Conven- tion is to be held, it might enable the delegates to act more intelligently as to that office if some of the Western members would place in nomination a representative of Omaha or of that neighborhood.
Mr. H. a. Bukyard : I nominate Mr. A. Donaghue of Omaha, for Vice-President. He is the leading florist there.
The balloting was proceeded with and, after some time, the result was announced by the Secretary. The vote for President was as follows :
Farquhar Macrae, 1; Wm. F. Dreer, 1; Wm. H. Elliott, 1; Adam Graham, 1. John Westcott, 1; W. A. Manda, 2; John Burton, 3; H. A. Siebrecht, 3, Wm. F. Gude, 7; John G. Esler, 13; Edmund M. Wood, 85 votes.
Edmund M. Wood and John G. Esler were announced as the two leading candidates.
Mr. John G. Esler said: I am a pretty busy man and don't think I ought to be called on to do more for the Society of American Florists than I am doing at present. There are two good men in the field — Mr. Wood and Mr. Gude. I therefore decline the nomination.
The Secretary made the following additional announcements of the result of the balloting :
For Vice-President — A. Donaghue, 110; T. J. Gray, 1. For Secretary — Wm. J. Stewart, 92; George King, 2; John G. Esler, 2; A. M. Herr, 1.
52 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
Mr. Esler declined the nomination.
The result of the ballot for Treasurer was : H. B. Beatty, 98 , John G. Esler, 3; M. I. O'Brien, 3; John N. May, 1; F. L. Temple, 1.
Mr. Esler declined the nomination.
The next order of business was the Question Box.
President Graham announced that as the hour for the noon adjournment had arrived, and as there were but few members now present, the Question Box would not be taken up until a later meeting.
Mr. J. M. Logan of White Plains, X. Y., asked whether it would be in order for him to move a reconsideration of the vote by which the Convention had selected Omaha as the next meeting place.
President Graham replied that he preferred not to entertain the motion, in view of the fact that many of the delegates had left the hall, and that for a small number of the members to reverse the previous action would be construed as taking advantage of their absence.
On motion of Mr. P. O'Mara, the session here closed.
SECOND DAY. — EVENING.
A lecture on "Our Favorite Exotic Plants in their Own Homes," with stereopticon illustrations, was delivered by Prof. Geo. L. Goodale of the Botanic Garden of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
Professor Goodale illustrated, with very beautiful stereopticon photographs, the subject of tropical vegetation, describing with much detail the palms, orchids, and other exotic plants, which are the pride of our best greenhouses. The lecture was given without any technical language, and passed in brief review the characters of the genera and species, which have become general favorites under
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 53
cultivation. He showed that the term exotic is only relative : that our common wild plants would be exotics if grown under other skies, and further, that a good many of our wild flowers are quite as well worth cultivating and improving as some which have become established here. The fashions in plants, by which certain species are for a while great favorites and then give way to others, were shown by the lecturer to be based on other factors than the whims of capricious people. The gigantic bamboos and climbers of Ceylon, and the enormous ferns of Australia, were exhibited by means of magnificent photographs on the large screen. Perhaps the phase of plant life presented by the kinship between the plants of the North and of the equatorial zone, touched ujDon by Professor Goodale, gave as many surprises to his audience as any part of his giaphic demonstration. Professor Goodale took occasion to speak in high terms of the great influence exerted by the Society of American Florists on the cultivation of plants in this country, and he alluded also to the excellent influence of Garden and Forest and similar periodicals, in elevating the taste of the community.
On motion of Mr. Johx IST. May, the hearty thanks of the Society of American Florists were tendered to Prof. Goodale, for his entertaining and instructive lecture.
THIRD DAY. — MORNING.
Thursday, August 19, 1897.
The morning session opened at 10.40 o'clock; President Gra- ham in the Chair.
NOMENCLATURE COMMITTEE.
The first business was the presentation of the report of the Nomenclature Committee, which, in the absence of the chairman, (Prof. Trelease) was read by Secretary Stewart. It was as follows :
To the Society of American Florists — Your Nomenclature Com- mittee respectfully report as follows :
Notices, calling for information calculated to aid the Committee in the performance of the duties assigned to it by the Society, were placed in the principal trade and horticultural papers of the country some months since, and a personal letter was addressed -by the Chairman of
54 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
the Committee to each of its members. As a result of these requests, several communications which are appended, were received and their substance is embodied in this report. The Committee congratulates the Society that no serious matters have come to its notice — a fact no doubt in large part due to the consistent efforts of the Society to discourage the double naming of plants handled by the trade, and to secure that fairness in the profession which is universally recognized as of fundamental importance.
Under date of January 4, 1896, Messrs. Pitcher & Manda wrote one of the members of this Committee, stating that the Chrysanthe- mum, Mrs. F. Gordon Dexter, sent out in the Spring of 1894, is also handled under the name Rider Haggard, bestowed by another person, to whom they state it was sold from their English house. The same firm also claim that Chrysanthemum, W. C. Cook, is identical with what has been called Charles A. Jessup; Mrs. George H. Morgan, with Marjorie Hoffman; Adele Merz, with Stanley Baxter; Robert M. Grey with Hairy Wonder; and Partridge, with Belinda; in all cases the first name as here stated being claimed by Pitcher & Manda, on the ground that the varieties in question were seedlings of their raising, the second name, in each instance, having been given by a person to whom the the plants had been sold. According to the tests made by Elmer D. Smith, Theo. Bock and Theo. F. Beckert, Chrysanthemum, Miss Perrin cannot be distinguished from Mme. Felix Pei-rin. 'No other cases of difficulty with Chryanthemums has been reported to the Committee.
In the early part of the present year, an order for Ilex aquifolium variegatum, which was advertised by an Eastern firm, was filled by a consignment of the variegated Osmanthus. An inquiry elicited the frank statement that the plants in question were imported from Japan, under the name of Olea aquifolium variegata, a supposed slip, for which the substitution of "Ilex" was not unpardonable, considering the very close superficial similarity of the plants. Your Committee are entirely satisfied that the error was made without any thought of wrong.
A correspondent calls attention to the fact that under the rule adopting the Index Kewensis as the standard for Latinized nomencla- ture of decorative plants, the palm often known as Phojnicophorium Seychellarum should be called Stevensonia grandifolia.
The attention of the Committee has been called to the fact that a certain variety of pelargonium with colored flowers is on the market under the name of The Bride, a name which is objected to on the ground that the name of bride is usually associated with pure white flowers. Your Committee are of the opinion that in this case there is no good reason for ch.anging the name under which the variety is now being sold; but the case is an instructive one, since it calls attention, in an unusually direct way, to the desirability of giving appropriate names, whenever the duty of naming new varieties arises.
Our attention has further been called to some confusion that exists in the naming of what are commonly called crotons, though no
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 55
instances capable of being investigated have been cited. Your Com- mittee, recognizing the importance of uniform naming in a group which is attaining the popularity of the crotons, recommend that, in appointing the Nomenclature Committee for the next year, the Presi- dent of the Society endeavor to include in its membership at least two extensive growers of crotons, requesting them to prepare for the Committee as full a report as possible on these plants, so far as their nomenclature is concerned.
Very respectfully submitted,
Wm. Trelease, Chairman.
Edwin Lonsdale.
E. G. Hill.
Ered Dorner.
Wm. E. Smith.
Elijah A. Wood.
EoBT. Craig.
Albert M. Herr.
RoBT. George.
On motion of Mr. H. B. Beatty, the report was accepted and placed on tile.
TRADE EXHIBITS.
Several reports from the Exhibition Judges, including the sup- plemental report from the Committee on Plants, and an addition to their report by the Committee on Miscellaneous Exhibits, were re- ceived, read, and on motion, adopted.
BEDDING PLANTS.
A paper on " Bedding Plants " was here read by its author, Mr. J. J. Butler of Newport, R. I. The paper was as follows:
Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Society of American Florists — The subject allotted to me, " A Year's Progress in Bedding Plants," could have been placed in the hands of one who could handle the same to better advantage. I am honored by the Newport Club in being selected to say something about this sub'ject, which I shall endeavor to do in a brief manner, merely remarking upon one partic- ular feature that has come under my personal observation. Plants that are extensively used in Newport this year are the Fibrous-Rooted Begonias. Those varieties of plants have created quite an innovation in progress in bedding plants, the principal varieties being the white, pink, red, and dwarf, of the " Yernon " type, and the white and pink of the " Erfordii " type. When massed in beds and planted in borders — and arranged with good taste — the effect is most beautiful and striking. I will particularly refer to one gentleman's estate in New-
56 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
port, wherein is a sunken garden; the beds are skillfully laid out and contain some eleven thousand of the above indicated varieties of begonia. I am informed that the owner of the estate has kindly granted, to the Society of American Florists, the privilege of inspect- ing the grounds, aud I strongly recommend all interested in this subject to avail themselves of the privilege accorded them.
Inasmuch as the florists visiting Newport will have an opportunity of observing for themselves the purport of this paper, I shall not further trespass on your valuable time, but hope to have the pleasure of hearing others, better qualified than I, speaking and expanding on this subject.
The President invited discussion and called on Mr. May.
Mr. John N. May responded : He said he was present to learn, not to teach, and that be wanted to hear the subject dis- cussed. He thought there was too much bashfulness, and he reminded the delegates that the meat in a paper was to be had by picking it out as one would pick the meat from a bone, because discussion would start and bring out thoughts that otherwise would not be uttered. He continued :
In bedding plants there is an evolution going on all the time. I quite agree with the essayist's ideas with regard to begonias. The bed of begonias at Newport, to which he has referred, you will all, I think, be pleased to see to-morrow, as we have been invited as a body to inspect them. I think it will be an instructive lesson, and indeed I have always found, in my visits to that beautiful city by the sea, something that was interesting and instructive.
But begonias are not the only attractive feature in bedding to-day. The magnificent collection of cannas, now offered to the public, is a wonderful feature in bedding. You will have the pleasure of inspect- ing many varieties of cannas at their home at Newport, especially the one called " Robert Christie." I had hoped that the originator of that variety would be here this morning to read the paper he has prepared for us.
The varieties of bedding plants that can be used are almost innumerable. The thing to consider is proper taste in using and developing them to the best advantage. In Philadelphia, they are using an entirely different class of plants from those which I have observed in use here, although I have not seen much of Providence yet. I refer to the crotons. My friend, Mr. Robert Craig, has a display which probably many of you have seen. As grown around Philadelphia, they are certainly wonderfully attractive plants. I think that those of you who live in favorable localities will do well to try them. Then, again, there are hundreds of other things, which Mr. Butler's paper has not touched upon, that you could blend in the bedding line.
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 57
Mr. a. Herrington of Madison, IST. J., was then invited to the platform and, upon appearing there, responded as follows: Mr. May has stated that there is room for discussion on this subject and I heartily agree with him because, in looking around our homes at the kind of decorative gardening that we see, I am sure that all who know anything about the wealth of beauty and the variety of things adapted to growth in this glorious climate, must feel, I might almost say, ashamed of their profession when they see such a meagre use being made .of the abundant materials that we have at hand. We look around and see a stereotyped kind of bedding, a few coleuses, a few geraniums and alternantheras, and other colored foliage plants which do not appeal to the eye nor gratify the senses as other displays would. Whoever has a garden should have flowers that appeal to all our senses, not only to the sense of sight but to the sense of smell as well. There are many of these flowers to be had and very considerable prog- ress has been made in the latter day strains.
The essayist who opened this subject, mentioned only one thing, and that was begonias. These little begonias will come to the front, and deservedly. Mr. May mentioned cannas. The cannas are a precious heritage of beauty, but we have only touched the fringe of the beautiful garment that we can throw around our gardens and our homes. Above and beyond all this there is a glorious range of material that we can utilize.
So far as concerns the class of material that has been mentioned, it is a class that requires winter storage in our greenhouses. Many peo- ple who have beautiful suburban homes have no greenhouses at all, and I want to say right here that you can start out in the Spring and make a most glorious garden without the aid of a greenhouse at all, if you will only take up the finer families of annual flowers as to which the most marked progress has been made of late years. You may get from yourseedman in the city, what you need in some of the popular strains and in the course of two or three months you may have a magnificent garden. I would mention for instance a zinnia garden. I planted a large garden this Spring — it was the first season of it — and the most successful things in the garden were two very large beds of zinnias. These proved so satisfactory that I resolved that no garden should be without them if I had any voice in the planting or management of it.
Another family, with which I have experimented largely, is balsams. Another, with which florists on the other side of the water have done a great deal, is petunias. Another family, portulacca, is one that loves, and must ha<ve, sunshine. But the time at my com- mand is altogether too short for me to attempt to do justice to this subject. I desired simply to suggest that there is an aspect of the question that should be taken up and worked out, and that is, as to the possibilities of gardening by just going into the seed store, in the Spring of the year, getting a few packages of seed and sowing these in frames; or you need not have frames at all, because the facilities for growing and the climatic conditions are so much in your favor. You
58 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
may throw your seed into the beds, and within six weeks you will have a garden that will give you an abundant wealth of blossom.
THE ROSE.
A paper on " A Year's Progress in Roses," prepared by Mr. M. H. Walsh of Wood's HoU, Mass., was here read (in the absence of its author) by Mr. Robert Craig of Philadelphia. It was received with applause.
The paper was as follows :
Mr. President, Members of the Society of American Florists, Ladies and Gentlemen: — I thank you for the honor conferred by inviting me to address you on the subject of " A Year's Progress in Koses. "
Since the last essay on the rose, by Mr. Isaac Kennedy of Philadel- phia, which was read at Pittsburg, Pa., new and valuable additions have been made to the Eose family, both for indoor forcing and hardy garden varieties. In the Hybrid Teas we are getting a new class or race of practically ever-blooming roses, a great boon to all lovers of the Queen of Flowers. In 1895, a new variety of the hardy Hybrid Tea was disseminated by Messrs. Pernet-Doucher of Prance, named the Souve- nir du President Carnot. It is a seedling from Lady Mary Fitzwilliam and that is all we know about it so far as parentage is concerned. Last Fall it was exhibited at several exhibitions and received many certificates of merit, silver medals, etc. It created a great sensation when sent out as being a grand forcing rose, a good grower and superb flower. It produces a long bud, large and full, color rosy flesh, shaded white at edges of petals. It certainly is a valuable addition to our hardy ever-blooming varieties, and on further trial may prove an excellent variety for forcing, although some are in doubt.
We have also Maman Cochet, one of the best and hardiest in its class. Color, carmine, mingled with salmon-yellow, large and full, superb. Another valuable variety is Madame Abele Chatnay, sent out by Pernet-Doucher, which blooms constantly; bud fine, opening spir- ally; flowers, full; color, carmine rose shaded with salmon.
In addition to the above named varieties, we have Caroline Tes- tout, which has practically displaced La France. Kaiserin Augusta Yictoria, an excellent variety for forcing, or as a garden rose; a beautiful primrose color; raised by Peter Lambert of Germany.
Now, Mr. President, I come to the most pleasant part of this subject, " A Year's Progress in Roses."
Real Progress! By that, I mean new and improved varieties of American origin, of which Mr. John Cook of Baltimore, Md., has added one to the above list, Mrs. Robert Garrett, which has received flattering notice in Baltimore notes in the American Florist. It is a most lovely flower, soft pink color, flowers large, foliage fine. It is
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 59
said to be a grand forcing rose, and bids fair to lead all the pink varieties. From its parentage, it should be an acquisition to the hardy teas. Mr. Cook is the originator of Souvenir de Wooton, Marion Dingee and other good roses.
I quote from Baltimore letter in American Florist^ j^age 803, issue of March 27, 1897 :
"The exhibit of Mr. John Cook was a departure from the rest, as it was a vase of roses, but such roses! Tliey towered above the carna- tions on strong stems clothed with heavy foliage, and were as large as American Beauties, but of a beautiful clear pink, almost light enough to be called a shell pink. The name is Mrs. Robert Garrett, and it will get a first-class certificate, the chairman of the Committee saying that it is conceded to be the finest rose ever raised in this country. It is a cross between Sombrieul and Mme. C. Testout, and forms a valu- able addition to the class of large roses, which is represented almost entirely by American Beauty and which will probably supplant the small flowered ones, as has happened in the chrysanthemum and is happening in the carnation. "
There is also a new white Hybrid Tea, Lillian Xordica, a seedling from that grand rose Margaret Dickson by Madame Iloste. In color it is pure white, long bud, large flower of good substance on long stiff stem, forces well, has dark, rich foliage and is very fragrant. At the Boston rose show, last June, it received the Society's Silver Medal, and in June, 1896, a first-class certificate of merit. It is con- sidered a valuable addition to the hardy ever blooming varieties of American origin.
The above named varieties I consider improvements on existing varieties, and in the line of progression, but we must not be content to rest here, we must strive to add to the above list. The improve- ments to be effected in the above list are: to obtain new reds, maroons and creams, possessing vigor, freedom of blood and hardiness. Then this race of roses will be universally admired as garden roses, growing in ordinary soils. Wc have a large and unlimited field in which to experiment and improve. The art of hybridization is simple: so easy and responsive, we should all make an effort to improve and continue in the good work, for there is no limit to the improvements in the several classes or families of roses.
In the Hybrid Perpetual class, a new rose has been sent out last Spring by Peter Henderson & Co. It is named the Jubilee. It was awarded the Massachusetts Horticultural Society's Gold Medal in 1895, the highest award in the gift of the Society, and, I am informed, the first gold medal ever awarded a rose of American origin in this country. It was awarded a first-class certificate in 1893. It is from Prince Camille de Rohan by Louis van Houtte; it is one of the most vigorous growers, on its own roots. It had been exhibited three years in succession at the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, when the
60 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
committee decided to inspect it growing in the ground, which they did. Tlie following is a copy of their award:
Dear Sir — Since the visit of the Committee on Flowers of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society to Wood's Holl, and inspection of your seedling rose, Jubilee, they have discussed the merits of the variety, and are unanimous in pronouncing it the finest American raised rose that is known to them, and the equal of any European rose of its class. Its magnificent color, united with a beautiful form, large size, grand foliage, and vigorous liabit, they believe makes it of great value and worthy of the highest award given by the Society. We, therefore, award you the Society's Gold Medal.
(Signed) A. H. Fewkes, Chairman.
Mr. F. Schuyler Matthews, the artist, and leading expert on colors in this country, says: "I have never seen a rose of such intense and dark color. The rose contains the darkest color, combined with pure color, of which nature is capable.
In Hybrid Perpetual roses, Mrs. K. G. Sharman Crawford is the best of all the light-colored varieties. Clio is a grand flower. Helen Keller, also. Mavourneen, one of Messrs. Alex. Dickson & Sons' pro- ductions of 189.5, is valuable as a climber or a cut-back. Color is a delicate silvery llesh white, shaded rose at base of petals, which are of excellent shape and substance. Marchioness of Devonshire is a grand rose, of a beautiful satin pink color. There is also in commerce in this country, a Hybrid Tea, Clara Watson, raised by Mr. Prince in England in 1894, described as a salmon-tinted pink, and a good rose. Of the Hybrid Polyanthas, Marie Faive, is by far the best of all, blooming freely through the season, and is valuable for florists' work, producing good clusters of good-sized pure white flowers. I am pleased to note improvements by hybridizing in the Wichuraiana class. The credit is due to Mr. Manda, who has raised some valuable additions to this class.
It is gratifying to note progress in the past year, and if we should continue to progress in the future, we must interest ourselves in the raising of roses suitable for our climate, in the garden, as well as vari- eties for the florist, in the rose house. It is sometimes said our life is too short to wait to raise roses, but it proves long enough to wait to see others raise them. The florists, nurserymen, and all interested in the sale or growing of roses, should take a deeper interest in the rose; it is for their benefit to do so. By entering into the matter with a proper spirit, we could produce our own roses to supply the demand here, and not depend on other countries to supply us.
In conclusion, I hope favorable action may be taken by the Eose Society, to create and stimulate a greater interest in the cultivation of the Rose by the masses of the people of this great country.
The President called attention to the interesting and instruc- tive character of the paper and invited discussion.
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 61
Mr. Egbert Craig : I would like just to add to the list named by the writer of the essay one or two other roses that I have myself no- ticed to have exceptional merit. One of these is Mosella, a rose of the type of Soupert. It is better than Soupert in some respects, particu- larly in its freedom of opening the flowers. I have never noticed a congested or knotted bud, as is sometimes the case in that very useful variety, Soupert. Mosella, with us, bloomed in an extraordinarily free manner all last Winter and now, in the open air, this Summer, is an exceedingly free bloomer. It is pretty enough to use in'auy sort of funeral work and its abundant bloom will, I think, make it a profitable rose for florists to grow.
Another rose mentioned in the paper by Mr, Walsh as a promising rose is Clara Watson. I have noticed that rose growing here. I believe it has a future as a forcing rose. I believe it would pay any florist to get a few of that rose aud try it. I think it has great merit.
Mr. C. Hagenburger of Mentor, O., inquired whether Mosella was as hardy as the Soupert.
Mr. Craig. It is. I forgot to mention that Mosella is entirely hardy. Mr. Scott, of our city, who sells a great many roses, left a short row of them out last Winter; and although the temperature fell to several degrees below zero, the rose was not injured in the least. It is quite hardy.
Mr. a. Herrington remarked that, while the members seemed to be bashful about discussing the subject, they would be unani- mous in expressing their appreciation of the paper they had heard. He therefore moved a hearty vote of thanks to the essayist, Mr. Walsh, for his very able production.
The motion was carried with applause.
President Graham announced that, among other papers pro- vided for on the programme was one on Decorative and Greenhouse Plants, by Mr. Robert Christie of Newport, R. I., who had been designated to open the discussion. As that gentleman was not now present and the paper had not been received, it seemed necessary to postpone consideration of the subject.
Secretary Stewart explained, on behalf of Mr. Christie, that he knew that that gentleman did not intend to disappoint the audience but Avas so busily occupied with the preparations now being made for the entertainment of the Society, at Newport, on Friday, that he had not forwarded a copy of his paper. His absence was due to the fact that he was engaged, heart and soul, in the Newport affair, and he would doubtless give a good account of himself on Friday, as to his inability to be present at this time.
62 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
Mr. Alex. MacLellan of Xewport, R. I., also explained that Mr. Christie's health had been somewhat impaired from overwork and that, having been unable to prepare a paper, he had intended to respond by sa^ying from the platform what he had to say on the subject. There had been no intention on that gentleman's part to overlook his promise to the Society.
President Graham said the explanation appeared to be entirely satisfactory, but that the Convention would still hope to have the pleasure of hearing from Mr. Christie, on the subject assigned him, before the final adjournment.
The Secretary here read a supplemental report from the Committee on Greenhouse Appliances, in relation to exhibits of boilers which had been overlooked. (Messrs. John Westcott and PI. A. Siebrecht had previoiisly been appointed on the committee to act with Mr. Hart, in the absence of the other two memberie.)
On motion, the report was accepted.
t
ELECTION OF OFFICERS.
The next business being the election of officers for the ensu- ing year, the names of the two gentlemen who had received the greatest number of votes for each office, in the nominations on the jjrevious day, were announced. The balloting was proceeded with.
The tellers in the election for President and Secretary were the following: Messrs. P. O'Mara, Robert George, L. H. Fostr'r and Benjamin Hammond. The tellers in the election for Vice- President were Messrs. J. L. Dillon, E. H. Cushman, H. A. Bun- yard and J. M. Gasser.
Before the ballot for Treasurer was taken, Mr. M. I. O'Brien (Mr. Beatty's opponent) thanked his friends for their partiality and declined the nomination. He then moved that the Secretary be requested to cast the ballot of the Societ}^ for Mr. Beatty for Treasurer.
The motion was adopted b}^ a unanimous vote and the ballot was cast accordingly.
The President finally announced the result of the balloting as follows :
For President, Mr. Edmund M. Wood received 85 and Mr. Wm. F. Gude, 126 votes.
(Note. It will be foand elsewhere in the report of tlie Committee.)
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 63
For Yice-President, Mr. Thomas J. Grey received 27 and Mr. A. Donaghue, 180 votes.
For Secretary, Mr. A. M. Herr received 6, Mr. George T. King, 20, and Mr. Wm. J. Stewart, 189 votes.
For Treasurer, Mr. H. B. Beatty received a unanimous vote.
The announcements were received with enthusiastic cheers.
On motion of Mr. Edmund M. Wood, tlie election of his opponent, Mr. Wm. F. Gude as President was made unanimous.
On motion of Mr. Thomas J. Grey, the election of his oppo- nent, Mr. A. Donaghue, was made unanimous.
On motion of Mr. Geo. T. King, the election of his opponent, Mr. Wm. J. Stewart, was made unanimous.
Mr Wm. F. Gude, the President-elect, responding to a general call, came forward on the platform and was received with much applause. He said :
3fr. President, Members of the Society of American Florists, Ladies and Gentlemen — This is, beyond any question, the greatest honor I have ever received in my life, also the greatest surprise. I am really too full for utterance and hardly know how to express myself but can assure you, one and all, that this was no work of mine. I wish to heartily thank my friends who so honorably and gloriously worked for me and saw fit to elect me to this honorable position.
I well remember, a few years ago, when Mr. Wm. R. Smith, of Washington, was elected President of the Society of American Flor- ists, he stated to the Society that he felt he could not have received any greater honor if he had been elected President of the United States; and I can now reiterate the statement he then made as expressing my own sentiment, and as fitting my own case exactly.
I thank yoli, one and all, most heartily, and trust that the members of the Society of American Florists will give me the same support they have given my predecessors. I assure you that I will leave nothing undone to keep the Society of American Florists moving onward in the line of progression. [Applause.]
THE QUESTION BOX,
The Question Box was here taken up. The first question was " Where shall our future supply of bulbs come from. "
Secretary Stewart said: Mr. C. H. Allen of Floral Park, ]Sr. Y., prepared a response to this very important question, and he was here yesterday to present it, but the long debate on the location of the next Convention crowded matters out and it was so late when we got ready to hear Mr. Allen that the hall was nearly empty. He left his reply here with the request that it be read, and with your indulgence I will read it now.
64 proceedi:n^gs of thirteenth convention,
Mr. Allen's paper was as follows :
Where shall our future supply of bulbs come from ? This is a very- easy question to ask, a very easy one to answer off-hand, but to give you the necessary data and reasons for the conclusions at which I have arrived is somewhat difficult in time allotted for this purpose. I judge that this question refers principally to Dutch, French, Bermuda and other foreign grown bulbs, and to such we will confine our attention.
Our Holland friends tell us what is known as the Dutch hyacinth cannot be grown here, as we have not the soil or climate. If there is a file of the reports of the New York Horticultural Society in existence, I believe you will find therein a report of a display of cut bloom of hyacinths made by the late Isaac Buchanan. These flowers were raised from bulbs which Mr. Buchanan grew on his place at Astoria, L. I. He bought some bulbs in the Fall, cut them as the Dutch do for multiplying, grew the stock on until they had made large bulbs, then forced them into bloom and took the first prize over a number of ex- hibits grown from imported stock. If they will not grow here why will they continue to thrive in private gardens where they are left for a long time ? I know of one bed that was left undisturbed for over ten years and I have never seen finer spikes of bloom outside than were produced there. This was in a heavy soil, and the claim is made that the hyacinth requires a light soil to make the best stock. I have seen as fine tulips grown here as come from Holland ; the bulbs were clean and of perfect shape and produced as good flowers the following season as newly imported stock. The narcissus does even better here than the tulip, multiplies very rapidly and is in every way equal to the foreign stock. There are several sections of this country that can produce the freesia in unlimited quantities, and of the best quality.
Now, as to the Koman hyacinth, both white and colored. Mrs. Sayers, wife of the Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations at Washington, told Mr. Wm. E. Smith not to send her any more Romans as they had become a weed in her garden, which is in Texas ; and still we are told ive cannot grow Ro^nans. Several years ago twenty thousand blue Romans were received in New York in a damaged condition, hav- ing been delayed on the steamer. When the cases were opened the bulbs were found to have started and unfit for sale. They were shipped to Southern Pines, a high elevation known as the Thorraal belt in No. Carolina and planted ; the following season those bulbs were sold for forcing purposes and they did so well that the parties who grew them asked the next year for bulbs from the same source, without knowing they had been grown one year in this country. It has been proven that lily of the valley can be grown in this country profitably, for several of our large forcers had gone into it on a large scale for their own use, they having imported small pips to grow on. This importation would be unnecessary after a few years as the stock will increase sufliciently for planting.
Why have we not grown these bulbs ? Simply because we have be- lieved the foreigner when he has told us that we had neither the soil or
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 65
climate suitable for the purpose, merely a case of bluff, for they know full well that we have any soil or any climate or any combination of soil and climate for the growing of any bulb that the florist of this country needs for his business. It is partly due to the fact that when many horticulturists come to this country they bring pre-conceived ideas with them. There are thousands of acres [of land here suitable for growing hyacinths ; No. Carolina has in her uplands the identical soil of Holland and a superior climate. The narcissus and tulip can be grown in nearly every State.
Some time ago the question was brought up before the New York Florists' Club, " Can the Lilium Harrisii be grown at a profit in this country ? " The same question has recently been brought out in one of our trade papers. I judge from the answers of those replying that they believe they can be, but where ? That is the question for some plucky fellow to find out. My friend, Mr. Wm. E. Smith, informs me that Secretary Wilson has had this subject brought to his attention and that he has taken great interest in the matter and will push it. As the Secretary is a full-fledged agriculturist you can rest assured that if he can put several hundred thousand dollars into the hands of the landworkers of this country he is going to do it for that is the platform on Avhich he stands.
It is claimed that Harrisii culture has been tried in California but without success. By whom was it tried ? Was it one who thoroughly understood the nature of this lily, differing as it does from all others, or was it simply given to people who thought they were perfectly capable to handle any bulb given them? Was the trial made in only one section of the State, or was it made, as it should have been, in different parts and under different conditions of soil and climate? Is it not a fact that two or more growers receiving bulbs from the same case for forcing obtain vastly different results ? I know of one instance where a case of bulbs was divided between two men; the crop with one was of the best, while the plants of the other were all dis- eased and worthless. Thus it may be in case of trials ; one man thor- oughly understanding the requirements of the Harrisii will produce excellent results, his neighbor will make a failure of it.
It is also claimed that foreign cheap labor is a prime factor against our growing bulbs. A Frenchman told us twenty-five years ago that we could not compete with them in the gladiolus growing, their labor was so much less than ours. How many gladioli are ini ported to-day ? It would surprise many of you if you knew how many are being exported annually. It is not so much that their labor is cheaper as the fact that they plant their crops much closer and thus obtain double the amount from a given space. Many florists who have tried growing a few of these bulbs have given it up in disgust. Why ? They had not the facilities for handling the stock. The man who grows an acre of any bulb can do it much cheaper, proportionately, than one who grows but one short row, for in handling crops in large blocks the work becomes systematized. The market gardener who
66 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
works but few acres often produces more than the ordinary farmer does from a hundred, because he manures heavily and obtains two and, in some cases, four crops, and this can be done in some lines of bulb culture. I know of one case where a farmer began in a small way at trucking and to-day he employs forty men on seventy acres, obtaining two crops every season while his neighbors are going along in the same old rut, with a few exceptions.
I thoroughly believe that if the matter of bulb growing in this country is handled as it should be, by those who fully understand the nature of bulbs, it will only be a few years when the foreign bulb- growers will receive their letters of recall from this land ; but you must remember that they will not give up the business without a struggle, they will do everything in their power to hinder the establish- ing of this, as they have every other industry, knowing only too well that if an American undertakes the producing of any article in which there is a show of profit, he is bound to succeed.
Some say that at the present prices it would not pay to grow stock that we import. I will ask you to use a little time to figure out what you can get from an acre of lily of the valley, planting the pips one inch apart in rows ten inches apart ; freesias the same, and the other stock having more space according to their size. I believe that you will find the amount far beyond your present ideas.
The President invited discussion.
Mr John Reck of Bridgeport, Conn., responded. He said :
Is it possible or not to raise bulbs here in competition with the Dutch growers in Holland ? It may be easier to determine the ques- tion if we consider that the average price paid to the small growers by the exporters of such bulbs is $1.00 per bushel. Can we grow them at first cost at that price ? The price of labor for a good workman who prepares the ground, cares for and harvests the crop is about from thirty-five to thirty-eight cents a day. Men, women and children wear wooden shoes and families of eight or ten huddle themselves together in two rooms. It is plain to my mind that it will prove a hard task to pit our labor against that of the men in the wooden shoes. There was, last year, a great glut of tulips in Holland and there will be this year, although more hyacinths and less tulips have been planted. A perma- nent protection by a higher duty on bulbs would be the best stimulant when making experiments in growing them here.
In respect to narcissuses one may as well buy them first as last from the French, for with few exceptions all Holland Von Sions come from France. My advice is to be careful and buy no more than you feel reasonably certain you can handle at a profit, for the grower be- comes, in most cases, a victim of the shrewd Dutchman and the wide awake importer. Bulbs, such as hyacinths, narcissuses and tulips, when properly cared for, can even be forced for a second bloom, in the succeeding year, with good success. Lily of the valley pips require
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 67
more than one to eight inches of space if they are to be grown three years old.
Mr. F. "W. Kane : I regard the paper of Mr. Allen as having been very well considered. There is one point in it which 1 wish to emphasize and that is in respect to concentration upon smaller areas, confining ourselves to these and handling them well rather than spreading out and attempting too much. By concentration we get bet- ter results. It strikes me that this is one of the most important points in our line of horticulture. I believe we ought to know more about the matter of bulb culture than we do at the present time and that we can well afford to study more carefully as to what we can grow in a smaller area.
In regard to fertilizers I may say we have found them very valua- ble but, in using them, unless you pay a great deal of attention to cultivation, it is almost impossible to get your money back.
Mr. H. B. Beatty : Mr. Allen's paper is certainly a very good American paper. I move, Mr. President, that the Society extend to Mr. Allen an American vote of thanks for it. [Applause.]
The motion was carried unanimously.
The next question was "What is the best and most profitable plan for constructing a commercial bulb storage house. "
The President : This is a very important question, so impor- tant indeed, that no member has as yet accepted the responsibility of preparing a paper upon it, but we will be glad to hear an expression of views on the question by the members generally. The Chair suggests that Mr. Scott, of Buffalo, who has had a good deal of expe- rience in this line and in taking care of stock in the winter, may be able to throw some light on the subject.
Mr. Wm. Scott of Buffalo, N. Y., responded as follows :
I cannot by any means be considered a very large grower of bulbs. I am forcing possibly 50,000 or 60,000 tulips and hyacinths in a year. Living, as I do, in a Xorthern climate, that of Buffalo, where it is lia- ble to freeze as hard almost as anywhere, I have never found a better storage house than out-of-doors. Dutch hyacinths, I consider, should be in a cold frame, and I like them to be covered 'with glass and on a dry bottom so that they may not get soaked with the rain. Tulips I have tried in a cellar, but I have never found them as successful as those I have boxed, put on the surface of the ground in boxes. We cover them with two inches of earth, after thorough watering, and leave them in that position until severe weather is due. We then cover them with five or six inches of litter or manure from the stable, or some such material, or leaves; and with the help of the snow we do not find any difficulty in getting them in. I have found that the quality of the flowers that are forced is so much superior to those that have been in a roof house or a cellar, that it pays to adopt
68 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
the plan, even if it is a little labor to get in the boxes. Sometimes, however, the manure in the soil that covers the bulbs is frozen, but the manure you can always get off; and if you have to take into your greenhouse for twenty-four hours the two or three inches of soil that covers them, until it is melted, it even pays then.
My idea of a root house or bulb house would be a common frame building, and I thought once of constructing one. I would have the sides so that they would be perfectly open and would have the air coming in until the very last moment when hard winter set in. That would be my idea of a bulb house. But you will find that the rain we get, the natural element outside, is so beneficial to the bulbs that they are gaining strength all the time. It is a natural condition for them to be frozen. Where do you put a tulip bulb ? If you plant it in No- vember to look beautiful in the flower garden in May, where is it ? Why, out in the flower garden to be frozen hard, and that is where your forcing bulbs should be. So that, to answer this question, so far as my opinion is concerned, I say I would build no root house at all, but would have half an acre of good open ground. [Applause.]
The President announced, as the next question for present consideration the following : " Is it desirable to dethorn our poj^ular roses, and if so, can it be done ? "
Mr. George T. King, to whom the question had been as- signed, read a written response. It was as follows :
"Is it desirable to dethorn our popular roses, and if so, can it be done ? " Perhaps I had better state the question a little differently so that it may be fully understood. Will roses without thorny stems become more popular than in their present thorny condition, and can they be made so ?
The old question, "What is a rose without a thorn? " seems to me to indicate the combination of a lovely object, with an ugly and objec- tionable appendage, which, like any necessary nuisance, is tolerated, and to a certain extent, made welcome, because of its customary attachment to the stem that supports the " Queen of Flowers."
I don't propose to discuss the question of necessity of thorns to the plant that bears the rose, further than to express an opinion that the armature of the rose seems to have been intended for its protection, while in a wild state, from the ravages of herbiverous animals, which necessity does not exist when the plant is under cultivation, and as I know of at least two members of the rose family that are thornless, or practically so, viz., the tea rose. General de Tartas, and the hybrid perpetual, Ulrich B gunner, and being unable to notice any adverse condition in their growth or habit in consequence of the absence of thorns, the thought has occurred that if this condition can be extended to such desirable roses as The Bride, Bridesmaid, American Beauty, General Jacqueminot, Crimson Rambler, and other popular varieties, it will be valuable to the rose grower, and the bouquet maker, and be
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 69
highly appreciated by the delicate wearer of the corsage bouquet, and also the owner of the " natty " boutonniere, thus contributing to the millennial condition when loss of temper and use of explosive language will be largely reduced, and the shedding of innocent blood is no longer consequent upon attempts to be familiar with our " queen."
In view of these points, I incline to the opinion that roses without thorns will be welcome, and the horticulturist who can produce a pop- ular variety with thornless stems, will earn the thanks of many, and perhaps add much to his financial prosperity.
The question, therefore, lies in the possibility of its accomplish- ment, and I base my inference that it is not only possible but by no means difficult, upon the fact that I have already obtained a similar result with a member of the citrus family, which although very unlike the rose in general character, has conditions that are a fair compar- ison.
My experience in orange growing, as a leading feature of horticul- tural work in the State of Florida, led me into various kinds of experi- ments, and I observed, among other things, that the grape fruit tree, (Citrus decumana) was very destructive to its crop by reason of its very thorny habit, and during each Fall a large percentage of the fruit was ruined by thrashing against the thorns when the wind was high, which punctured and caused them to drop.
I observed, also, that among the citrus family we had one variety that was thornless, viz., Mediterranean sweet orange, and I found that the seeds of this variety produced thornless trees.
I concluded that the original tree from which the strain was de- rived by budding had become thornless, either by design or accident, and the whole family, including the grape fruit, could be disarmed if the secret could be discovered.
On closer examination with this idea in view, I found that the first or shoulder bud on each branch was thornless, (this bud is inferior and rarely used for budding purposes), and thinking that perhaps the use of it exclusively during a number of generations might produce the de- sired results, I decided to try an experiment upon the grape fruit. I found the tree produced from the first budding was less thorny than the tree from which the bud was taken; that is, the thorns were small- er, and thus encouraged to proceed, I continued the work into the fourth generation, using the shoulder bud in each case, when I pro- duced a tree with no thorns whatever, except small blunt knobs back of the axils of the leaves where the thorns usually appear. Subse- quent experiments proved that I had a dethroned grape fruit tree and all of the buds of it would perpetuate its artificial character. 1 tested seeds from the first crop borne by the thornless grape fruit, and found that like the seeds of the Mediterranean sweet orange, they produced thornless trees.
Circumstances prevented my making a practical test with the rose. An examination will show that the shoulder buds of nearly all our roses are without thorns ; that is, thorns rarely, if at all, are formed
70 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
back of the first or shoulder bud; and the fact that at least two varie- ties of roses are thornless, leads me to believe that any of them may be made so by the method described. As budding is the favorite way of securing special varieties of the citrus my experiments have been con- fined to this process, and I prefer it to grafting, even with the rose, when a variety is wanted upon other than its own roots.
But it is probable, that with plants that are easily increased by cuttings, such as the rose, experiments may produce similar results if cuttings are rooted at the heel of the branch and cut back so as to form a new growth from the first or shoulder bud.
I offer these suggestions for the purpose of inducing experiments in the direction indicated, and feel satisfied that the enterprise of prac- tical horticulturists will carry the theory into practice; and in the near future they will be enabled to furnish to a long-suffering realm of sub- jects our beautiful queen of flowers free from her only blemish.
The President announced the question "Would organizing State societies of florists be of any benefit to the florists or the So- ciety of American Florists?"
Mr. Daniel B. Long: If we have found, during the past twelve or thirteen years, that the State Vice-President feature in the Society of American Florists is comparatively a dead letter, as far as results are concerned, I hardly see how the organizing of State societies can be of any particular benefit either to the Society of American Florists or its members. The idea has been suggested by others as well as myself, that if the Society of American Florists could in some manner organ- ize, say, three sections of societies in the United States — each consist- ing of different States — with probably a fourth society in Canada, each section to have a meeting every year and then a meeting of all the sections combined to be held each year, in one particular section, it might be found desirable. In other words, if there were three sec- tional societies, there would be what might be called a triennial meeting in each section. It seems to me that something of that kind might be desirable and it probably would be in line for the Executive Committee to take it into consideration.
THE PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION IN 1899.
Mr. D. B. Long was again awarded the floor. He said :
As the members know, more or less has been said about the Pan- American Exposition to be held at or near Niagara Falls in 1899. The gentlemen who are organizing it are entirely reliable, and there is no doubt but that one of the best exhibitions that has ever been seen will be held during that year. It will be really too bad if the Society of American Florists should not avail itself of the advantages to be gained by a representation at that exposition during the six months of its continuance, if not by the presence of its members. The organizers of it have not sufficiently matured their plans to be able to say any-
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 71
thing definitely about tlie liorticnltural features, but they are mani- festing great interest in that direction and say they are going to give flowers a large share of their attention. Now, as the next meeting of this Society will not be held for a year, I think it would be for the interests of the Society to appoint a committee to represent it in any preliminary consultation with the exposition management. It may be that there will be nothing for the committee to do but, if circum- stances should require it, the Society of American Florists would have some representation. I therefore move that a committee of three members be appointed by the Chair to represent the Society of Ameri- can Florists in any deliberations or consultations with the officers of the Pan-American Exposition.
Mr. H. a. Siebrecht seconded the motion,
Mr. J. V. Merrion of Chicago moved an amendment empow- ering the committee to enter into communication with the officers of the Exposition in order to ascertain what would be expected of the Society.
The President suggested that the amendment seemed to be superfluous, as the committee, if appointed, would do wliat was proposed.
Mr. Merriox withdrew his amendment.
Mr. H. B. Beatty: The Society of American Florists has an Executive Committee, which represents the Society in all matters like the one referred to. It seems to me that it is proposed to appoint a committee practically to take the place of the Executive Committee, which is always in session or at least may be communicated with at any time, as the representative of the Society, by any other organization. Authority to take action in the matter is in the Executive Committee, under the Constitution,
The discussion here closed and, a vote being taken, the motion of Mr. Long was lost.
The session then (1.15 p, m,) closed.
THIRD DAY. — EVENING.
Thursday Evening, August 19th, 1897. There was a large attendance at the evening session, at which the labors of the Convention terminated. President Graham pre- sided.
72 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
FIRE INSURANCE.
Mr. W. J. Vesey of Fort Wayne, Ind., chairman of the special committee, to whom the matter of the temporary organiza- tion of a Fire Insurance Company was referred, presented a report.
The report Avas read as follows :
Your Committee, to whom was referred the matter of nominating officers for a temporary organization of a Fire Insurance Association, beg leave to report that they liave selected no names for said positions. That upon consideration of the subject they have concluded to take the liberty of recommending to this Society, as a substitute for the election of said officers, that it constitute a new committee, consisting of E. H. Michel, E. A. Seidewitz and J. G. Esler, the members of the recent committee, to which shall be added M. A. Patten, C. W. Hoitt and W. J. Vesey, such new committee to be known as the Eire In- surance Committee.
That said Committee be authorized to at once proceed to secure such applications for insurance as it is able. That at any time when, in the opinion of said Committee, it shall have procured sufficient of such applications to warrant the formation of an association for said purpose, it shall issue a call to the persons making such application, stating a time and place where such persons shall meet to effect a per- manent organization. Such Committee, however, to incur no expense for which the Society of American Florists shall be responsible.
Mr. Vesey moved that the report be received and its recom- mendations concurred in.
The motion was adopted without objection.
THE CARNATION.
Tlie Convention proceeded to consider the subject of "A Year's Progress in our Business, " which was opened by a paper on " The Carnation, " presented and read by Mr. William Nicliolson of Framingham, Mass. The author was invited to the platform and, after reading his paper, was heartily applauded. The paper was as follows :
Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Society of American Florists — I have been asked to give a discussion upon the merits of new carna- tions as seen from a commercial standpoint. This, I can assure you, is a very difficult task on account of the many different standards by which a person may be governed. As soon as you put your pen to paper you are bound to step upon some one's toes, thereby raising a hornet's nest about your head. But indeed you were only giving your own views and experience, in so far as it concerns your own market.
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 73
I think you will all allow that that which will sell in one market may not take at all in another market. For instance, Delia Fox, which has won as many laurels as any commercial carnation sent out, is a complete failure in the Boston market as a new carnation. By this you will all see that the discussion of new varieties is a very serious task. I will try to give you a few notes upon the manner in which I have seen them growing, taking the Boston market for my standard. What is a good commercial carnation ? I think the best answer to this question will be to give you a synopsis of what we saw upon our pilgrimage to the carnation convention at Cincinnati last February.
During the convention a great many important sultjects were dis- cussed. You will hnd a particular account in the records of the American Carnation Society, of which I hope you all have copies, but if you have not got one you may receive a copy at once by becoming a member of the society. These records contain much valuable informa- tion to all those who are interested in carnation culture. I think you will all agree in placing this divine flower in the front rank of flowers for commercial purposes.
But to return to my story. There were three weary pilgrims traveling from afar and, being desirous of further light in regard to the divine flower, thought that they would travel West instead of East this time, in pursuit of that knowledge. After embarking at Boston their first stop was at Niagara Falls, where they viewed with delight the grand work of the Supreme Architect of the universe and enjoyed a delightful sleigh ride on bare ground. Their next stop was at Buf- falo, where all members of the craft are expected to call and take their first "libation" with that prince of good fellows, " Great Scott," whom you all know so well, and have heard so much from in his inter- esting notes in the Americxm Florist. On embarking again on their rough and rugged road to Cleveland, they met one Long in name, if short in stature, whose company they all enjoyed the remainder of the journey to Cleveland. Here again they had another addition in the person of the President of the Society of American Florists, Mr. Adam Graham, of whom, I think, all present here will unite with me in say- ing, the more we see of him the more we like him; with him were Mr. Gasser and other members of the craft, all looking for more light upon the subject of carnation cultivation.
On arriving at Cincinnati we were met at the depot by that true and courteous "Sir Knight " Gillett, who extended to us a very hearty welcome. We were conveyed to the Gibson House to participate in the deliberations of the American Carnation Society and to enjoy the hospitality of the Cincinnati Florists' Club. The duties were many and various. The progress shown in the cultivation of carna- tions was marvelous.
Of course a visit to Mr. Witterstaetter's place was planned. The expedition was under the leadership of that fvm-loving and careful guide, Ernst Asmus. We started out for Mr. Witterstaetter's place, the guide being careful to choose the pleasantest roads for the pleasure
74 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
and comfort of his fellow-craftsmen. After arriving at our destina- tion, upon looking around, we saw Evelina growing in all her glory. If she does as well in other localities as at home, for a white carnation, she will be a grand acquisition to the market. We also saw many- seedlings of great promise, which, if they stand the test of trial, will he heard from later on.
After the close of the business meeting of the Carnation Society we started for Richmond, Ind., to see Flora Hill. This time the expe- dition was under the guidance of one whom you all know, as well as one who stands in the front rank as a grower and disseminator of new carnations, E. G. Hill. His hospitality knows no bounds, and it is a treat for any florist to visit his place, to see so many novelties and so many promising seedlings, all of which were in such splendid condi- tion. We all felt well repaid for our journey.
I think that if more of our brother florists, instead of staying always at home and grumbling at what the Society is trying to do for the best interests of all concerned, would make a tour around and see what other people are doing they would, I am sure, find it time and money well spent.
Our next destination was Lafayette, to see E. Dorner & Son's place. For a man to say it is a treat to visit this place is but drawing it very mildly. The hospitality of the "Hoosiers" is boundless. It was indeed a treat to see the beautiful seedlings which we found grow- ing there in such splendid condition. As a grower and disseminator of new carnations you will all agree with me in placing him at the head of the list. I must say that I think he has some very fine seedlings in store for us next year, particularly in white, yellow, crimson and .scarlet. His house of seedling carnations is a splendid sight. The progress that has been made in raising seedlings is indeed wonderful. From what we saw of his seedling, Mrs. G. M. Bradt, which they sent out this spring, I should say that it is one of the future fancy carna- tions. We all came away with a very favorable impression of it as a commercial carnation.
On our return trip we called to see genial Charley Allen, whom, I can assure you, it is always a pleasure to meet. Here one is always sure to find things in apple-pie order, and carnations growing in all their glory. This is particularly true of Scott. If you ask him how he does it he winks his eye and points to a small 4x6 house which stands a little way from his greenhouse. Charley is a firm believer in night soil, and I must admit that I have been quite converted to the idea myself. He has also something up his sleeve in the shape of a new white carnation, which will speak for itself later on.
Under his leadership we visited the Cottage Gardens, one of the model establishments growing carnations. To meet and have a chat with Mr. C. W. AVard, is well worth the time and long journey, for he always has some treasure in store for you. Here we found a model system of packing and shipping plants and cut flowers. He also has some promising new seedlings which we shall hear of later on if they
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 75
stand the test. Mr. Ward is a firm believer in giving them a three years' trial before putting them on the market. All of those present, if they have grown a few seedlings, know how few of them stand the third years' trial.
Of course a visit to New York would be incomplete without a visit paid to the Dailledouze Bros. Charley Allen calls them "dear boys, " but I would like to add something more and call them "the smart l»oys. " From them one is always sure of a hearty welcome. Here one is sure to find the up-to-date methods for growing fancy carnations, 'mums and mignonette. It is always a pleasure to me to walk through their carnation houses, where everything is so neat and trim, and to enjoy a chat with the boys about the novelties, for, like the rest of us, they have to give most of them a trial. They have some very promis- ing seedlings for the next year's trial, particularly one after the style of Daybreak, but a much more beautiful flower, which is saying a great deal.
In regard to what we have seen in the line of seedlings in and around Boston, there are quite a uumber of good ones to be tried this year. Taking white seedlings into consideration, Peter Fisher's Freedom and Mr. Cook's Nivea are both very promising, but one can not say how they will stand commercially until they have been tested. Mr. Fisher's Edith Foster has done very well in some places, but not so well in other places.
I believe that you must give them all a trial, so that you may feel better able to determine which of them will prosper with you and be profitable to grow for market. There is a wide difference between a commercial flower and an exhibition flower. In fact, they form two distinct classes. I consider the Boston cut flower market one of the best places to test the commercial value of a new carnation as a seller.
The exhibition held in Boston last Spring was the means of bring- ing together a large number of people interested in the cultivation of carnations. There was a fine display of seedlings exhibited to com- pete for the silver cup, which was given by Joseph Breck & Sons of Boston.
For next Spring there is a promise of another prize by T. F. Galvin of Boston. This, I believe, will bring together quite a large number of competitors. On looking around, you will see many seedling growers on all sides. The seedling 999 of Peter Fisher of Ellis, Mass., is a magnificent flower. If it does as well this year as last year, I have no doubt that it will be one of the ideal future carnations.
I consider Eldorado one of the very best commercial carnations which has been sent out the last few years. Although it has never re- ceived a certificate, I still think it ought to have one. There has never been a better selling or keeping carnation in the Boston market. To this carnation there is but one objection, that it is very liable to take rust, which objection can be overcome by a free use of fresh air-slacked lime.
76 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
In closing my few remarks, I will say that I have given a synopsis of what I have seen this last year in the way of new carnations. I can only repeat my former statement, that a man must first test the novel- ties himself to find out if they suit his soil and market. What is con- sidered \i good seller in one market, falls very far short of the mark in another. But you will always find this true, that the man who has No. 1 fancy carnations, will never find much trouble in disposing of them at good prices.
The President thanked the Convention for the close attention it had given to Mr. Nicholson's excellent jjaper, and invited re- marks in respect to the beautiful flower treated of. No response was made.
On motion of Mr. W. W. Coles of Kokomo, Ind., seconded by- Mr. C. Hagenburger of Mentor, O., a vote of thanks was tendered to Mr. Nicholson for his paper.
THE RETAIL TllADE.
The next business was the reading of a paper on " The Eetail Trade, " written by Mr. Thos. J. Johnston of Providence, R. I. The i^aper, by request, was read by Mr. H. A. Siebrecht, who stated that its author had been unable to present it, as he was ex- ceedingly busy in providing for the entertainment and comfort of the delegates. The paper was as follows :
It is with pleasure we can note considerable progress in our retail business — a great improvement in the quality of all flowers which we retailers are obliged to handle. The rose, the carnation and the violet have been of better quality in the past year. The chrysanthemum has, I think, reached the climax as to size, as the public is now calling for the small, old-fashioned kinds such as we grew in clusters in our gardens. It is also pleasing to note that the retailer does not have to buy a grower's whole product in order to get a few things which he may want. There is, as a rule, plenty of good stock of all kinds to be had; about the only popular flower not grown around here to any extent commercially, is the orchid. However, there is not demand enough yet for its extensive cultivation.
One thing in which I consider we have made progress is the price of flowers at holidays. At Christmas, Easter and Decoration Day good stock can be sold by the retailer at a slight advance over regular prices. I always contended that it was a great drawback to our busi- ness to get prices too high at holidays.
We have also made considerable progress in the number and shrewdness of our street fakirs. We can boast of having almost as many as our big sister, Boston, with no restrictions on them. They used to be content to buy the surplus or about-to-be-cast-away stock of
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 77
the retailer; but now they must have selected stock, perfectly fresh. However, I don't think they injure us as much as we sometimes imagine.
Little progress has been made here in regard to quality and price of stock. One price does for all grades, both as regards growers and retailers. The plant trade has increased wonderfully, especially at holiday times, good stock always selling well. There has also been improvement made in the growing of such stock as an up-to-date retail store must carry.
In concluding, I would say there has been a decided progress and improvement in all departments of our business hereabout for the past year, and now that after the Society of American Florists Convention, we join the number of cities that have been favored Avith meetings, we hope the result will be a continuous increase financially, socially, etc.
Mr. Siebrecht interspei'sed his reading of the paper with re- marks suggested by some of the points presented by the essayist. He said he could attest to the correctness of the statement that the price asked for large flowers was now less than formerly, as there was a greater demand for the clusters, which are more graceful than the immense and gorgeous flowers which might almost be called monstrosities.
Referring to the point made by the essayist, that there is not yet demand enough for the exclusive cultivation of the orchid, he said he could realize that in a city like Providence it would not pay for a large establishment to grow orchids exclusively, as the local market would not be able to take them.
He also observed that evei-y one should appreciate the force of the statement about high prices at holidays being a great drawback to the business. He said it was this that discouraged the customer. When a holiday comes — Christmas, Easter or Decoration Day — and the prices jump up, not ten or twenty-five Y>ev cent., but to double and treble figures, Mr. Siebrecht said, he had always thought it a great mistake.
After finishing the paper, Mr. Siebrecht said that he con- sidered this a very concise and up-to-date little paper from a retail standpoint in such a place as Providence. It would have fitted New York just about twenty years ago. But he believed it would not take twenty years nor ten years until Providence would be up in the front rank, in respect to the retail business, with New York, Boston, Philadelphia and other great cities.
78 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION.
The special order of business, viz : the proposed amendments to the Constitution and By-laws, recommended by the Executive Committee, (printed copies of which had been circulated,) was taken up.
Secretary Stewart read the first amendment as follows : "Add to Article 1, (referring to the name of the organization) the words " And Ornamental Horticulturists ;" thereby making the name of the organization, " The Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists. "
Mr. John G. Esler, replying to an inquiry by Judge Hoitt, explained that with the title as amended, there would be greater likelihood of the Society getting a national charter.
Judge Hoitt said he understood the objection to the charter had been that the organization partook of the nature of a commer- cial enterjjrise.
Mr. C. W. Turnley of Haddonfield, N. J., opposed the amendment. He said :
I cannot see the utility of it. I look upon it as an inelegant super- fluity. The idea of an "ornamental horticulturist!" Let us analyze that. Is he a man with his trousers rolled into his boots, a slouched hat on his head and an ugly, nasty pipe in his mouth — is that what you would denominate an " Ornamental Horticulturist? " [General merriment.]
The promoters of this organization, after well considered and mature deliberation, proposed the cognomen "Society of American Plorists, " and I think that that covers the ground fully. It has been argued that by broadening this cognomen you will admit the gardener, this •'ornamental horticulturist" if you please, with greater ease. But he can come in now. The name "Society of American Florists" is broad enough to receive any one. I don't see that the amendment will widen the door in the least ; I think it is narrowing the door. It appears to me that we are detracting from our intelligence in adopting it. The new phraseology does not suit me in the least. There is sufficient ornamentation about the florists' business without special- ly designating it by adding two initials to the letters on your badge. Why, you will not 'have room enough on the badge for them all, you need to have another leaf. I hope the intelligence of the Society will vote down the amendment.
Mr. J. G. Esler: I think that Mr. Turnley entirely misstates the object. The present cognomen of the Society of American Florists
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 79
will let everybody in who wants to come in, and this change is solely for the purpose of aiding Mr. Smith of Washington, in getting a national charter.
Mr. Wm. F. Gude of Washington, D. C. : As the gentleman (Mr. Esler) has said, the title of our Society is broad enough to admit any one connected with the business, but the National Congress cannot see it in that light, and the most eminent lawyers have failed to make clear to them that we are not a close corporation, that we are not organized solely for our personal benefit, or that we are, as we claim to be, a liberal minded body of men who seek to promote the good of our craft. We admit into the Society of American Florists every one, whether it be a grower of cabbages with one rose bush at the side of his house, or a man who sells fertilizers. If the applicant is honorable and honest he is admitted. I cannot see that the addition of these few words, which will remove the obstacle in the way of getting our charter, should be any detriment to this Society; and in order that we may get the charter this time, I sincerely hope the title will be amended. If any one will show me wherein it will do any harm to our interests I will be open to conviction, but, having given the matter much consideration, as I am sure many of the members have, I cannot see any harm to result from it and I anticipate much good from it.
Mr. Wm. R. Smith (who had entered the hall during the dis- cussion) was called to the platform for some remarks. He said he could not imagine any good ground of objection to the amendment nor had he heard any valid argument against it. There was a reason for it, as it would cover a case like his own. He was hardly what would be considered, in common parlance, " a florist," though he thought he had some claim to be known as an ornamental horticulturist. He said that the object was to broaden the Society by broadening its name and taking in all whom the new Avords would cover. He preferred the title " Ornamental Horticulturists " because it indicated something distinct from other branches of horticulture ; from the apple growers and cabbage growers, for instance — very valuable and excellent men in their way — who were engaged on a different line and outside tlie sphere of orna- mental horticulture.
Mr. John Reck opposed the change. He regarded the name " Florists " as good enough and comprehensive enough for all practical purposes.
Mr. a. Herrington" of Madison, N. J,, said he w^as glad to see the Society trying to broaden its scope in order to bring within
80 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
its fold those engaged in any branch of horticulture, but at the same time he thought that the appellation, which it was proposed to tack on to the present cognomen, was not only superfluous but ridiculous, and wanted to know what was the matter with the good old-fashioned name of "Gardener?" Mr. Smith had implied that we, as ornamental horticulturists, move in a little higher sphere than that of the ap2:)le growers or the cabbage growers. But he was glad to shake hands with the apple grower or the cabbage grower ; adding that he was a bit of a cabbage grower himself ; and enquiring why, if cabbage growers were not wanted, Prof. Halsted had been asked to tell about root galls on cabbages. [Merriment.]
Mr. G. M. Kellogg believed that the new Congress would be willing to give a charter with our old name.
Hon. Chas. W. Hoitt was the next speaker. He called attention to the fact that Mr. Smith believed that by a slight varia- tion in the name of the Society he could succeed in securing a national charter from Congress. He referred to the persistent but ineffectual efforts which that gentleman had made to get the desired legislation. In one Congress the charter passed the House of Representatives and was defeated in the Senate ; in another Congress it passed the Senate and was defeated in the House; and subsequently, after having passed both Houses, it was vetoed by the President. The one great objection to it, at Washington, was that the Society of American Florists is a trade organization. It was not enough for the Society to deny this ; the point was that it was necessary to present the matter to the legislators at Washing- ton in such a Avay as to convince them that an act of incorporation should be passed. If therefore the obstacle in the way could be removed, as Mr. Smith had suggested, by simply adding two words to the name of the Society, why should not those words be added ? The easiest way was the best way in a matter of this kind, and Mr. Smith believed that this was the easiest way. He had encountered the obstacle and he ought to know better than those who had not encountered it as to how it was to be overcome.
A national charter would give the Society a status, a position, a legal existence as a national body. At the present time if a lawyer was asked " What is the Society of American Florists," it would be difficult for him to answer. There being no general law of the
SOCIETY OF AMERICA2f FLOKISTS. 81
United States under which an incorporation could be effected, it would have to organize under a State law, but last year it met in Ohio, this year in Rhode Island, and next year it will meet in Ne- braska — three different States — and a corporation organized under a law of the State of Ohio, for instance, cannot hold its cor- porate meetings and elect its officers under the laws of the State of Rhode Island or the State of Nebraska. Furthermore, if some person should tender to the Society a legacy for the establishment of a school of botany or something of that nature, could the Society take it? The question would arise at once, "What is the Society of American Florists — can it legally accept and hold a legacy ? " On the other hand, under a national charter the Society might hold its annual meetings in any State of the Union. It would be an ad- vantage to the Society to have it, even if it enabled it to do noth- ing more than this.
Coming back to the original proposition as to the easiest way to secure the charter, and finding ihat Mr. Smith, after having fought for it for six or seven years and informed himself as to what was needed, comes and asks to have these words " Ornamental Horticulturists " added to the Society's name in order to obtain the requisite legislation, why not grant him what he asks ?
Mr. E. H. Cushman of Euclid, O., moved the adoption of the amendment as read.
Mr. J. L. Dillon of Bloomsburg, Pa., seconded the motion.
The motion was carried without objection.
The Secretary read the next amendment, viz : to substitute for section 3, which defines the duties of the Treasurer, the follow- ing:
" Treasurer — The Treasurer shall have charge of the funds of the Society, and shall pay all bills when same have been approved by the Secretary. He shall make all transfers and investments under the direction of the Executive Committee, and shall keep a correct record of receipts and disbursements, rendering an account of the same an- nually to the Society, the same having been duly audited at the preced- ing meeting of the Executive Committee. He shall give bonds in such sum as the Executive Committee may from time to time deem sufficient
and shall receive for his service a salary of dollars per
annum.
Should a vacancy occur in the office of Treasurer, the President shall appoint a Treasurer pro tempore. "
82 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
Mr. H. a. Siebrecht moved the adoption of the amendment.
Mr. W. W. Coles seconded the motion.
Mr J. G. EsLER : Will it not be necessary to fill the blank in the section by specifying the amount of salary ?
Mr. E. H. Cushman suggested that perhaps the matter of fixing the salary of the Treasurer could be settled in the Executive Committee better than here, and moved to amend the substitute by making it read, " and shall receive for his services such compensa- tion as the Executive Committee may determine."
A vote being taken, the motion of Mr. Cushman was adopted and the substitute, as modified, was agreed to.
The Secretary read, for information, Section 4 of the By- laws, which fixes the annual dues of each member at 13.00, pay- able on or before Dec. 31st of each year.
The next amendment was to substitute for Section 4 the fol- lowing :
''Fees and Assessments — The payment of thirty dollars shall secure a life membership in the Society of American Florists and Or- jiamental Horticulturists, and exempt from all future assessments. Any eligible person may become a member of the Society for the cur- rent year by the payment of five dollars, and such membership may be continued by the payment of an assessment of three dollars in advance each consecutive year. An annual member in good standing may be- come a life member by the payment of twenty-five dollars."
A vote was taken without discussion, and the substitute, on motion of Judge Hoitt, was adopted.
The Secretary read, for information. Section 6 of the By-laws, viz. :
"It shall be the duty of each Vice-President to promote the interests of the Society, in his State, to the best of his ability; to keep a complete list of the florists therein and supply them with such printed matter as the officers of the Society may direct; and he shall assist the Secretary, when requested, in completing such list of mem- bers that our annual meetings may be thoroughly advertised and mem- bership increased."
The next amendment was to substitute for Section 6 the fol- lowing :
" State Vice-President — It shall be the duty of each State Vice- President to make an annual report to the Society, of progress and
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 83
interesting horticultural events that have occurred in his State during the preceding year, to assist the officers in the discharge of their duties, and in general to promote as best he can the welfare of the National Society. He shall be the accredited representative of the Society of xVniericaa Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists at all meetings and exhibitions of importance in his State."
A vote being taken, the substitute, on motion of Mr. E. H. Cushman, was adopted without objection.
The Secretary stated, as to Section 9, which it was proposed to amend, that the order of business therein specified was so far removed from the present mothod that, unless called for, he would not read the old section. He tlien read the substitute for Section 9, giving the order of business as follows :
"Order of business — The transaction of business shall be in the following order :
1. Calling to Order.
2. President's Address.
3. Keport of Secretary.
4. Keport of Treasurer.
5. Reports of Standing Committees.
6. Reports of Special Committees. 7 Unfinished Business.
8. New Business.
9. Adjournment. "
The President stated the question on the adoption of the substitute.
M.R E. H. Cushman moved to amend by inserting between the orders Nos. 6 and 7, tlie following " Reports of State Vice-Presi- dents."
Mr. H. B. Beatty remarked tliat, as the State Vice-Presi- dents were really officers of the Society of American Florists, he thought their reports should follow those of the other officers. He suggested to insert the new order immediately after that of " Re- port of Treasurer. "
Mr. Cushman accepted Mr. Beatty's suggestion and modified his motion accordingly, and the substitute as thus amended was adopted without objection.
Judge Hoitt said he understood that the new arrangement of the order of business would apply only to the first day of the Con-
84 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
vention. He inquired of the Secretary as to the mode of procedure on the subsequent days.
The Secretary replied that "Unfinished Business" and "New Business" would cover all business after the first session.
Judge Hoitt : On the principle that " Charity covereth a multitude of sins"? [Merriment.]
The Secretary read the next amendment, which was to add a new section as follow :
''Reserve Fund — Money accruing from life membership payments shall form a Reserve Fund, the interest of which may be appropriated annually for general or specific purposes. "
Hon. C. W. Hoitt suggested that it might be a good idea to specify by whom the funds shall be invested. Unless provision on the point has already been made in the By-laws, it might be well to require that moneys in this fund should be invested under the direc- tion of the Executive Committee.
Mr. H. B. Beatty called attention to the fact that provision on that point has been made in the new Section 3, pertaining to the duties of the Treasurer, which reads : " He shall make all transfers and investments under the direction of the Executive Committee. "
A vote of thanks was here taken and the amendment adding the new section was adopted without objection.
THE QUESTION BOX.
The Question Box was taken up. The first question consid- ered was " What is the best remedy for black spot on roses."
The President called for a response from Mr. S. J. Reuter; Avhen a delegate explained that that gentleman had left the hall because of his feeling unwell and had requested that, if called for, the cause of his absence should be stated.
The President invited remarks from any of the gentlemen present and, after waiting in vain for a reply, called upon Mr, May and informed that gentleman that the audience would like to hear him, whether he wanted to speak or not. [Calls for Mr. May were then made.]
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS, 85
Mr. John IS". May responded : I do not know that I can say any- thing very new in reference to black spot on roses. It is a fungoid disease. It is far better to try to prevent it than to attempt to cure it. The best preventive that I have found in my experience is an abun- dant circuhition of air. Never allow stagnatedhnoisture to accumu- late at night. In fact, under almost all circumstances you should maintain more or less ventilation. In the Fall, when the air at night is rather moist and there is scarcely a low enough temperature outside to make nre heat essential, I have found it sometimes necessary to put on a little fire heat and leave on plenty of air.
I don't know that I can say anything more than that with regard to black spot. The surest producer of it is a close, stagnant atmos- phere. If it is at all cool, that is, if the temperature of your green- house runs anywhere below sixty-five, with a close, stagnated atmos- phere, you are sure to get black spot. I don't know of any remedy for it when you have it, except persistent picking off of the leaves and burning them. We have an order that is rigidly enforced in our green- houses, or as rigidly as I can make them adhere to it, and that is that they go through the houses at least twice a week and pick off every leaf that shows an indication of black spot; and at the same time they take with them, as they go through the house, a handful of shavings and burn them.
I am not much troubled with black spot, but I do not want you to think I do not get it. I do have it once in a while. I have found the best remedy for and preventive of it, to be a clear, open circulation of air with a dry, healthy atmosphere in the house at night. [Applause.]
The next question was " Novelties — their place in the trade," which had been assigned to Mr. Grove P. Rawson, of Ehuira, N. Y. The Secretary stated that that gentleman had kindly jjrepared a paper on the subject, and, in the absence of its author, the paper would be read by Mr. Robert Craig. The paper was as follows :
NOVELTIES — THEIR PLACE IN THE TRADE.
The relation of novelties to the trade is primarily a matter of busi- ness—dollars and cents — but often a lack of sense is displayed in pushing novelties whose only merit is that of novelty. Sometimes this is a known equation and again it remains an unknown quantity.
Generally speaking, the collector or grower supplies his own novel description to attract the unwary — the more experienced are less easily roped in. Now the trade is well aware that there will always be a perennial demand for horticultural novelties, the spirit of which is legitimate and improving. I never look over a catalogue without being first attracted to its list of novelties — new plants or new varieties. To be sure some of those enumerated are but the ghost of former days resurrected from graves of oblivion to another transmigratory stage of existence. Odd varieties blossom forth with brand-new names to
86 PROCEEDTISrGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
bewilder nomenclature. Synonomy occasions more vexation to the trade than nomenclature or any phase of it, and in a Society like the Society of American Florists particular attention should be applied to its detection.
I consider that the dealer in novelties should have some personal knowledge of what is offered the trade; this in itself would enhance his reputation and create demand. Occasionally some new thing is intro- duced "off-hand" with great eclat, and the lottery of it promises a horticultural Klondike. Besides, if you fail to grasp the golden oppor- unity, others in the trade are both ready and willing to take posses- sion, and in these days of close competition and hair-breadtli margins, one simply cannot be conservative and live! You may even close a bargain and vainly imagine that you alone have the exclusive stock, only to find — there are others! All you can do is to get together — "misery loves company" "don't-cher-know" — and establish a " fixed price " for the public view, and possibly another, sub rosa!
New roses, chrysanthemums, carnations, et al., are offered as desirable novelties, which are often characterized as the greatest horti- cultural frauds ever perpetrated on the age, and so on, these are the extremes. It seems next to impossible to establish fixed values for novelties, especially so, when with the stringency of trade there is an uncertain and fluctuating demand for large stocks propagated. Yet, when we consider the reasonable prices at which novelties are offered, there ought to be no occasion to grumble.
New varieties of chrysanthemums are distributed abroad, as high as five or six dollars per plant. According to our American standard, this would be deemed outrageous. It is difficult to secure good healthy stock of novelties in their ^rst season. I suppose the fault is in over-propagation.
Again, in some lines there are too many new varieties which can- not readily be assimilated by the trade. This is particularly true of carnations and chrysanthemums. Almost every carnationist through- out the length and breadth of the land, has one or more novelties of his own raising. If all these were placed upon the market at the same time it would demoralize trade as far as carnation novelties are con- cerned, dissappoint buyers who would be shy of investing in novelties, and discourage hybridists.
From past experience we are all of us inclined to be more conser- vative than formerly, for even certificates do not make a variety popu- lar or useful to the trade. A plant that will not grow readily or produce freely is sure to be eventually turned down by the trade. The intrinsic merit of any variety suited to commercial floriculture is its composite character, ,
What we are after is equality. The difliculty in awarding certifi- cates is, practically, that only the flower is judged. The other facts in the case, equally important, are unknown quantities and only to be determined by two or three seasons' experience with different soils and
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN" FLORISTS. ti i
treatment. Hence the chief value of a certificate is in advertising novelties.
Novelties sell in proportion to their being well advertised. Curi- osity begets interest and desire. The hybridist and collector enjoys his labor, but rarely reaps any profit unless he has an established repu- tation, when his products are remunerative and sought after.
The trade in novelties is a business by itself and specialists are adapting themselves to its interests and demands. E.!G. Hill & Co., to chrysanthemums, carnations and general plant novelties; J. N. May, Nathan Smith & Son, F. Dorner, W. A. Manda, hybridists; W. Atlee Burpee, sweet peas; J. C. Vaughan, cannas; A. Blanc, importer, and all the leading seedsmen follow more or less in its wake.
It is a line of trade that will attract attention from every lover of horticulture, and its progressive development will ever be watched with continually increasing interest. Doubtless a review of 1897 novelties would be useful to the average florist desiring more informa- tion on the subject, but time limit forbids taking it up.
On motion of Mr. C. Hagenburger of Mentor, O., a vote of thanks was tendered to Mr. Rawson for his paper.
The question " Would organizing State societies of florists be of any benefit to the florists or the Society of American Florists, " which had been partially considered at the morning session, was here re-introduced.
Mr. R. Vincext, Jr. of Baltimore County, Md., being called for, presented some thoughts in regard to it, which were much applauded. Mr. Vincent said :
Having been a worker for many years in an organization of the tillers of the soil, an organization that places^its faith in the Giver of all things, and cooperation of all engaged in the cultivation of what- ever can be grown in the soil, a worker and not a leader or lecturer, I feel out of place to stand before so critical an audience as I see facing me.
But having only been asked for suggestions I simply give you my ideas on the subject ; if there is anything in them worthy of your attention you will, I hope, adopt them, or anything that will help the success of our association.
Yes! Just as soon doubt the advisability of combination amongst other trades and pursuits. No vocation, no profession, but is pro- moted by the cooperation of those, who, following a common pursuit, seek and find counsel, keep touch of elbow and fellowship, of those engaged in it. To say otherwise, to believe otherwise, would be to have the hands on the dial of progress moved backwards.
Association of those engaged in the same pursuit, with common interests and with mutual aims, is the watchword of the day.
OS PEOCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
Whether it is the laborer in the mine, the shop or the factory, the farmer in the field, physician, lawyer, in whatever calling men may engage, the first step toward independence, advancement, self-protec- tion and defence, is the union of segregated individuals into a compact and mobile force, whose vital influence and efficient power may be wielded as an energetic unit for the good of all.
Should the florist be an exception ? Hath not a florist eyes ? Hath not a florist " hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, pas- sions'? fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same summer and winter, as a Christian is ? if you prick us, do we not bleed? if you tickle us, do we not laugh? if you poison us, do we not die ? and if you wrong us, shall we not revenge ? "
The effect upon the National Society of a complete group of State societies, selecting their most advanced, intelligent and energetic members to send each year to its annual sessions, would be:
1. To give it a representative character, a standing equal in dig- nity and power to associations of other businesses, and an efliciency not now possessed,
2. To enroll under its standard those who at present are inert, lukewarm, or positively unfriendly.
The influence upon the individual florist might be counted:
1. To stimulate to larger, broader views; take him out of the local and provincial field, and widen his vision; to consider his vocation in its national, even world-wide scope, promote the interchange of val- uable experiences, and inspire an esprit de corps in his class.
2. To bring him personal gains by the advances necessarily se- cured where a thousand rivulets, bringing information, mutual aid, timely suggestion, friendly cooperation, give volume and momentum to the resultant stream.
Let us have a State society in every State and a tributary local club in every town and neighborhood where numbers will allow — all links in a sentient chain, each one necessary to the completeness and strength, to the efficiency and force of the National body, which, thor- oughly representative in composition and character, material and aims, will give us a place eminent among other organizations, honored and applauded for good work throughout the land, llemember the fable of the bundle of arrows, each easily broken of itself; but, once bound together, beyond any force to disrupt. Let us recognize and remember that, with gardeners and florists, as with every other profes- sion and pursuit, however lowly or however exalted, "In union there is strength! "
The President remarked that it was unfortunate that this im- portant question came up at such a late stage of the proceedings, that practically there was no time for the discussion of it. He invited remarks on the subject, but no response was made.
SOCIETY OP AMERICAN FLORISTS. 89
On motion of Mr. H. B. Beatty, a vote of thanks was unani- monsly tendered to Mr. Vincent.
The next question for consideration was, " Are the annual trade exhibitions a benefit to the Society of American Florists, and if so, should they receive further encouragement from the National Society. "
Calls were made for Mr. Manda and Mr. Evans, when it was explained that Mr. Manda had been compelled to leave the city by the eveninac train and Mr. Evans was also absent.
Mr. Jos. Heacock of Wyucote, Pa., being called upon, replied: I never exhibited before this year, and I have had enough of it.
Mr. II. A. SiEBRECHT remarked that the answer to the ques- tion was one that could not come from exhibitors but from visitors to the exhibition, who came to see it and to be benefited by it. They were the ones who could say whether the exhibition had been of any benefit. It was not for those who had sent their trade exhibits here at their own expense, and at the risk of loss for breakage and so on, to answer the question.
Secretary Stewart announced, as the next question, the fol- lowing : " Whether any member has used the compoimd Nicotine, and what results have come from it ; whether it is convenient to use, and is or is not injurious to delicate plants."
Mr. Jos. Heacock: We made quite a test of that this Spring. It answered thoroughly for the purpose of killing green fly until the weather got warm and we ventilated more than we did in the winter. It was cheaper, more convenient and more cleanly to use than tobacco stems.
The Secretary here read the last of the questions in the Question Box, viz. : " What is the cause of asters, when growing and in full bud, suddenly wilting, turning yellow and dying ; being apparently hardy, healthy plants one day, and the next day wilting down ? "
Mr. Stewart (in the absence of any formal response) briefly referred to his own experience in growing asters. He said that, on pulling them up, he had found their roots covered with insects, (little white lice) but he did not know whether these were the cause or the effect.
90 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
FINAL RESOLUTIONS.
Mr. Robert Craig of Philadelphia, from the committee ap- pointed to prepare Final Resolutions, presented the following report :
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS
In session, Providence, R. I., Aug. 17-20, 1897.
REPORT OF committee ON FINAL RESOLUTIONS.
Whereas : The florists and citizens of Providence have been ex- ceedingly cordial in the hospi^;alities extended to us, and most thoughtful and industrious.in their efforts for our comfort and pleasure during our sojourn in their interesting and beautiful city, therefore
Resolved, That we particularly wish to thank His Honor, the Mayor, for his kindly reception.
Resolved, That to the officers and members of the Florists' and Gardeners' Club of R. I., the hearty thanks of the Society are due, and that this Society with great pleasure acknowledges these graceful attentions. Nothing has been left undone which would add to our comfort and happiness, and the attentions to our ladies particularly are fully appreciated.
Resolved, That very special thanks are offered to Mr. Timothy McCarthy, Superintendent of Swan Point Cemetery, for the delightful entertainment provided for us in the beautiful grounds over which he so successfully presides, and which give evidence of his good manage- ment at every point, and also to Superintendent Fitts of Roger Williams Park, for many acts of kindness.
Resolved, That W. E. Chappell, Superintendent of Trade Exhib- it, is entitled to be ever held in grateful remembrance for his untiring and well directed efforts in the interests of exhibitors, and in fact, all the members of the Society.
Resolved, That the Providence Athletic Association has extend- ed to the members of the various Bowling Clubs the most cheerful and generous courtesies and the use of their beautiful club rooms, so kindly placed at the disposal of our members, is duly appreciated.
Resolved, That the great courtesy and consideration of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, deserves our very special recognition; particularly kind have they been in taking their Providence boat on Friday to Newport to transport to their destina- tions the delegates from New York and Philadelphia; the Society greatly appreciates this unusual and valuable concession.
Resolved, That the members of this Society will take to their homes most pleasant memories of their delightful sojourn in Provi- dence, and that they look forward to an exceedingly pleasant time to-morrow in Newport and fully appreciate all that is being prepared for them by the Florists' Gardeners' and Associates' Club of Newport.
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 91
Resolved, That our special gratitude is due to Governor Dyer of Rhode Island, for the kindly sentiments so eloquently expressed in his letter to this Society.
Resolved, That the Press of Providence has earned our hearty thanks for their complete and accurate reports of our proceedings.
[Signed] Robt. Craig, John N. May, G. L. Grant.
On motion of Mr. J. C. Vaughan of Chicago, the report was adopted by a unanimous vote.
Judge Hoitt called attention to the omission in the resolu- tions of a tender of thanks to the officers of the Convention. He therefore moved a vote of thanks to the President, Secretary and other officers of the Society of American Florists for their zealous and efficient efforts in promoting the success of the Convention.
After taking the vote on the motion, Judge Hoitt announced that it had been carried unanimously. [Applause.]
On motion, the thirteenth annual meeting of the Society here terminated.
FOURTH DAY.
Friday, August 20, 1897.
the excursion to NEWPORT.
Nine o'clock Friday morning found the steamer Day Star loaded dovvn with a merry party of nearly 750 excursionists, and at 9.15 the start for Newport was made with great enthusiasm. The weather was perfect and the beautiful scenery of Narragansett Bay was enjoyed to the utmost. The Providence representatives were as fresh and industrious as ever in their endeavors to entertain. There w^as an abundance of refreshments of all kinds on board, a fine band of music, and the saloons were prettily decorated and festooned with flowers.
After a two hours' sail, the dock at Newport was reached and there were found the rej^resentatives of the Florists', Gardeners' and Associates' Club of Newport, ready waiting with an apparently endless line of 'buses and vehicles of every description. As the
92 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTEENTH CONVENTION,
big concourse poured out upon the dock, it seemed for a time as though the generous Newporters would have more than they could handle, but in due time all were comfortably packed away and the long procession was started for a ride through and around the city.
The route led past the many beautiful and palatial villas with which Newport abounds and the loveliness of the spacious lawns and grounds charmed and delighted all, especially those who beheld them for the first time.
At Indian Spring the party alighted and a group photograph was taken, after which the ride was resumed, following the route of the Ocean Drive, twelve miles in length. Arriving at Easton's Beach, all were invited to a huge tent where a genuine Rhode Island clam bake was served.
The guests having been seated, President A. K. McMahon of the Newport Club extended a cordial welcome, in a few well chosen words, and invited all to partake of the hospitality of the Club. After dinner there was a brief period of speech making, the first speaker being Hon. P. Boyle, Mayor of Newport, who was enthusiastically greeted as he expressed the kind feelings of the people of Newport toward the members of a profession A^hich has done so much to beautifj' their homes and surroundings.
Hon. C. W. Hoitt responded and expressed in the most hearty manner the thanks of the visitors for the liberal hospitality which they had enjoyed.
Mr. John P. Sanborn of Newport, President Adam Graham of the Society of American Florists and President-elect W. F. Gude were each called upon in turn and made remarks appropriate to the occasion.
A pleasant feature was next in order — the presentation of a handsome gold watch to President Graham, as a testimonial from his many friends in the .Society, the presentation speech being made by Mr. Robt. Craig. Mr. Craig took the opportunity to add some very complimentary words in reference to the masterly work of the Newport gardeners, which it had been his privilege to see during the day.
Mr. Graham made a feeling response and gratefully thanked his friends in appreciation of their gift, which he said he would
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 93
prize beyond value. A handsome gold brooch with diamond set- ting was then presented to Mrs. Graham, and the awarding of the prizes won b}' the various teams and individuals in the shooting and bowling matches followed next, Mr. J. N. May officiating, and brief responses being made in each case by the lucky recipients.
President McMahon then closed the entertainment with these words : " We wish you all a Godspeed and pleasant journey home. When you have an opportunity to come back to Newport again, we will be glad to entertain you as we have done to-day."
Several rounds of cheers were then given and the visitors dis- persed. The northern bound delegates accompanied the Provi- dence Club back to that city, and the evening sail on the Day Star was a most delightful experience. Those going southerly were accommodated through the kindness of the Providence Line Steamship Company, whose regular boat, the Pilgrim, made a special stop at Newport to take on board the New York bound delegates.
APPENDIX.
REPORTS OF EXHIBITION COMMITTEES.
GLASS A, PLANTS.
To Robert Craig, certificate of merit for fine exhibit of crotons; remarkable for vivid coloring.
Siebrecht & Son, certificate of merit for collection of palms, ferns and decorative plants; special attention being called to Nephrolepis cordata compacta.
r. R. Pierson Co., a certificate of merit for large and well grown decorative plants.
H. A. Dreer, certificate of merit for collection of well grown deco- rative plants.
Cottage Gardens, a certificate of merit for a grand exhibit of zonal geraniums in bloom.
Luther Armstrong, a certificate of merit for everblooming tuberose.
Pitcher & Manda, honorable mention for display of decorative plants.
F. R. Pierson Co., honorable mention for collection of decora- tive plants.
W. A. Manda, honorable mention for miscellaneous plants and orchids.
C. D. Ball, highly commended for display of decorative plants.
D. B. Long, highly commended for Risley Flats smilax. L. H. Foster, highly commended for Boston fern.
H. F. Littlefield, highly commended for collection of decorative plants.
Lemuel Ball, highly commended for collection of decorative plants.
Robert Craig, highly commended for collection of palms.
Joseph Heacock, highly commended for collection of palms.
Storrs, Harrison Co., highly commended for Northern grown H. P. roses.
C. H. Joosten, highly commended for American grown roses on own roots.
Pitcher & Manda exhibited a new Begonia Rex, having no zone. Noted as a new departure.
C. Hagenburger exhibited a remarkable coleus named Klondike.
Samuel Henshaw, Alexander MacLellan, John Dingwall.
APPENDIX. 95
CLASS B, CUT BLOOMS.
To H. A. Dreer, certificate of merit for collection of double petunias.
H. A. Dreer, honorable mention for display of canna flowers.
John White, John A. Shellem, S. N. Pentecost.
CLASS C, BOILERS AND HEATING APPARATUS.
Hitchings & Co., a certificate of merit for hot water heater. Im- provement noted in extent of surface of water exposed to fire.
Herendeen Manufacturing Co., honorable mention for steam heat- er, Improvements noted in clinker door and lock in shaker.
Plenty Horticultural Works, highly commended for hot water heater.
Smith & Thayer Co., highly commended for greenhouse heater. John A. Scollay, highly commended for Invincible hot water boil- er. Great heating surface and special sectional construction noted.
Fred Burki, F. E. Mathison, H. A. Hart.
CLASS D, greenhouse APPLIANCES AND FLOWER POTS.
To A. H. Hews & Co., honorable mention for standard flower pots.
Joseph Breck & Sons Corporation, honorable mention for general greenhouse supplies.
J. G. & A. Esler, honorable mention for greenhouse hose, notice- able for heavier inside lining and superior quality of rubber.
Lockland Lumber Co., honorable mention for sash bars; quality of lumber especially noted.
Plenty Horticultural Works, honorable mention for section of iron frame greenhouse; strength, lightness and economy of construction especially noted.
The A. T. Stearns Co., highly commended for 'sash bars, etc.; fine quality of lumber.
E. A. Ormsby exhibited ventilator apparatus, in which quickness and lightness in operation were noticeable.
John C. Moninger Co., had an exhibit of greenhouse material which, to the committee's regret, was not received in time for in- spection.
S. J. Keuter, M. A. Patten, Jas. M. Logan.
96 APPEXDIX.
CLASS E, florists' SUPPLIES AKD FANCY EARTHENWARE.
To H. Beyersdorfer & Co., certificate of merit for comprehensive collection of florists' supplies.
A. H. Hews & Co., certificate of merit for fancy earthenware. N. r. McCarthy & Co., honorable mention for display of florists' supplies.
W. C. Krick, highly commended for florists' letters and inscriptions.
L. H. Foster, J. M. Gasser.
CLASS F, BULBS AND SEEDS.
F. E. Pierson Co., certificate of merit for display of florists' bulbs. Clucus & Boddington Co., certificate of merit for display of lily bulbs.
Walter A. Potter & Co., honorable mention for display of florists' bulbs.
C. H. Joosten, highly commended for display of florists' bulbs. W. A. Manda and Joseph Breck & Sons Corporation, each made a fine display of bulbs. •
A. K. McMahon, Charles Zeller, Alexander Millar,
CLASS G, miscellaneous.
To J. A. Penman, certificate of merit for very complete collection of florists' literature.
A. T. de la Mare Printing and Publishing Cq., certificate of merit for very complete collection of florists' literature.
Clark, Sawyer Co., certificate of merit for refrigerator of new design.
Thos. J. Grey & Co., certificate of merit for collection of fiorists' requisites.
Cordley & Hayes, certificate of merit for new designs in papier mache jars.
Thos. W. Weathered's Son, certificate of merit for models of green- house heaters; improvements in dome and shaking grate noted.
American Jadoo Co., honorable mention for Jadoo fibre. A further trial recommended.
C. H. Joosten, honorable mention for Fostite.
H. F. Littlefield, honorable mention for rubber hose and other floral requisites.
APPENDIX.
97
A. Hermann, honorable mention for cycas leaves and metal designs. E. J. Van Reyper, honorable mention for glaziers' points.
C. W. Werner, honorable mention for reed flower vases. W. S. Ward, honorable mention for cocoanut fibre.
Scabcura Dip Co., honorable mention for insecticide "Nikoteen. " A further trial recommended.
Thaden & Lawrence, honorable mention for wire plant supports.
Crowl Fern Co., honorable mention for florists' ferns.
E. Hippard, highly commended for ventilator shaft.
Jos. Breck & Sons Corporation, highly commended for florists' requisites.
W. H. Ernest, highly commended for flower pots.
L. B. Brague, highly commended for florists' ferns, evergreen, etc.
Jas. Horan & Sons, highly commended for wire carnation support.
Benj. Chase, highly commended for plant labels.
D. B. Long, highly commended for floral photograph.
Samuel Henshaw, Feed Bueki, John White, S. J. Reuter, Lucius H. Foster, A. K. McMaiion.
COMMITTEE ON MEDAL AWARDS.
In the preliminary programme of the meeting at Providence the following note was inserted.
a special medal competition. The Society of American Florists offers six silver and six bronze medals to be competed for at Providence, as per the following sched- \\\e :
Cannas, display of twelve varieties in pots, not to exceed twenty- five plants in all.
Tuberous Begonias, twenty-five plants.
Caladiums, twelve fancy foliage varieties in pots, one plant of each.
Aquatic Plants, display of cut blooms, to be kept in good condition throughout the exhibition.
Hardy Conifers, collection in pots.
The silver medals to be awarded for the best in each of the above classes, and the bronze imedals for the second best. One silver and one bronze medal additional to be left to the discretion of the commit- tee to be awarded to any display of plants, showing advancement in culture or of special value to the trade. Ko awards shall be made in
98 APPENDIX,
any class where, in the opinion of the committee, tlie quality of the exhibit does not justify it. This department will be kept entirely distinct and separate from the trade exhibition. No entry fee or charge for space will be required and no advertisement or card of a business nature shall be used. Entries should be made with the Secre- tary of the Society of American Forists.
In response to the above invitation a number of very fine exhibits were staged in the audience hall, and ex-Presidents Edwin Lonsdale, W. R. Smith and M. H. Norton were appointed a com- mittee to examine and 2:)ass upon them. Their awards were made as follows :
To Oakes Ames, No. Easton, Mass., for display of aquatic flowers, silver medal.
H. A. Dreer, Philadelphia, for display of aquatic flowers, bronze medal.
Swan Point Cemetery, Providence, for collection of conifers, silver medal.
Sam W. Lewis, Olneyville, K. I., for collection of conifers, bronze medal.
Swan Point Cemetery, Providence, for American grown rhododen- drons and azaleas, silver medal.
W. A. Manda, South Orange, IST. J., for collection of new fancy caladiums, bronze medal.
Alexander MacLellan, Newport, E. I., for group of well grown, rare greenhouse plants, bronze medal.
Pitcher & Manda, Short Hills, N. J., for a group of Adiantum Earleyense, arranged in pyramidal form, a certificate of merit.
EEPOET OF SUPEEINTENDENT OF EXHIBITION.
To the President, Officers and Members of the Society of American
Florists —
Gentlemen: — I realize the fact that my duties as your servant in the capacity of Superintendent of Trade Exhibit, are drawing to a close, and I can assure you that my association with you has been very pleasant. The duties and perplexities incident to the fulfillment of the oftice of Superintendent of a Trade exhibition mean something more than most of you are aware. A man to fully realize the labor attend- ing such an office must pass through at least one exhibition; he might however, get familiar with the routine of labor attending the office if called upon the second time. And if it was not the Society met each year at such extreme points, I should recommend that the Superinten-
APPENDIX, 99
dent be an elective officer for such a term as the body saw fit to elect him. I think the Society woiild be much benefited as well as the ex- hibitors, and I am quite sure from experience that one might improve somewhat after the first battle. This idea may not be a practical one for reasons heretofore given.
If something could be done to harmonize the exhibitor with the rules as laid down by the Society for him to follow and the Superin- tendent to enforce, it might be a great benefit to both. I found it ex- ceedingly hard in some cases to enforce the rules and at the same time keep the would-be good natured exhibitor in good humor with me. This subject has undoubtedly been before the Society, and it may not be wise to make any recommendation.
After my appointment to the office of Superintendent, I made a diagram of hall and issued circulars to former exhibitors and others that I cosidered might be. I also advertised space to let m the three trade papers, and to my satisfaction every foot of floor space as well as tables was disposed of. The net profit on same did not come up to my expectations, for the reason the hall was not adapted for an exhi- bition hall. It being a bowling alley, necessitated much extra labor to get it into condition for our use. It was, however, the best that could be had where the Convention and exhibit could be held under one roof.
The Convention was productive of much good to our city and to the Florists' and Gardeners' Club of Ehode Island. It gave our Club new life, new hopes and aspirations, it also convinced our citizens of the fact that the brainy men of the country were not all at the White House.
I wish to thank all the officers and committees, as well as the members of the Society of American Florists, for their kind considera- tion; also the gentlemenly exhibitors and attendants, for the many courtesies toward me while discharging my duties as Superintendent. It was a week never to be forgotten. The pleasant faces, the warm grasp of hands and congratulations on my maiden attempt to manage a trade exhibit, were very gratifying to me. Before closing, I again thank you one and all, and long live the Society of American Florists.
Below I give a list of exhibitors with the amount of money received for space; also account of all payments, for which I hold vouchers. At this time I cannot make a full report, as notwithstanding my re- peated appeals, some exhibition space has not yet been paid for.
CASH RECEIVED.
Am. Jadoo Co., $18.00
L. B. Brague, 5 25
Lemuel Ball, 6 Oo
Chas. D. Ball, 20.16 H. Bayersdorfer & Co., 52.10
Jos. Breck & Son, 5.72
W. H. Bock, 5.04
Clucas & Boddington
Co., $5.25
Crowl Fern Co., 7.56
Clark Sawyer & Co., 3.36
J. C. Conroy, 2.00 Cushman Gladiolus Co., 3 36
Benj. Chase, 2.00
100
APPENDIX.
Henry A. Dreer, $36.00
A. T. De La Mare, 5.88
Wm. H. Elliott, 2.00
J. G. & A. Esler, 2.25
L. H. Foster, 5..30
A. Herrmann, 18.36
Jos. Heacock, 18.53
A. H. Hews & Co., 12.16
Hitcliings & Co., 18.24
E, Hippard & Co., 3.36
Herendeen Mfg. Co., 23.40
J. Horan & Son, 2.00
C. H. Joosten, 8.40
H. E. Littlefield, 9.03
Lockland Lumber Co., 12.16
J, C. Monninger, 7.56
W. A. Manda, 9.50
N. E. McCarthy & Co., 9.50
Thos. J. Grey, 10.08
E. A. Ormsby (note) 78.10
Irving Predmore, 2.00
Jos. Plenty, 28.80
Pitcher & Manda, 23.04
J. Arnot Penman, 5.00 Walter A. Potter & Co., 9.66
Theron Parker, $ 5.25
Emil Steffens, 6.25
Siebrecht & Son, 33.12
John A. Scollay, 5.25 A. T. Stearns Lumber
Co., 10.64 Skabcura Dip Co., 7.56 Queen City Mach, Co., 5.04 Cottage Gardens, 18.00 Thaden & Lawrence, 2.00 Thos. Weathered's Son, 3.15 W. S. Ward, 2.00 Chas. Werner, 2.00 L. Armstrong, 2.00 Storrs & Harrison, 2.00 Indurated Eibre Co., 4.20 Cash received for tick- ets, 4.25
|
$620.91 |
||
|
Contribution from IST. |
E. |
|
|
Elorist, |
25.00 |
$645.91 Amount still outstanding, $110.66
DISBURSEMENTS.
J. B. Swift, hall and
lights, $110.43 Convention hall, 100.00 Carpentering and lum- ber, 100.00 Superintendent, 75.00 Sheeting for tables, 38.31 Bill for sundries, 18.53 Electric lights, 11.59 Asst. Supt., 10.00 Watching, 8.25 Bills for signs, 6.00 Am. Florist Ad., 5.60 Janitor, , 5.00 Labor, sweeping, etc., 5.00
|
Table and chairs, loan. |
$5.00 |
|
Florists' Exchange ad.. |
4.00 |
|
Plumbing, |
3.85 |
|
Transparency and cards |
|
|
at door, ' |
2.50 |
|
Flags, (loan) |
2.00 |
|
Printing tickets. |
2.00 |
|
Loan of tables, |
2.00 |
|
Belcher & Loomis bill. |
,88 |
|
Thompson Ex., |
1.50 |
|
Printing N. E. Flor- |
|
|
ist, |
25.00 |
$542.44
Unpaid carpenter acct., $60.00
Oct. 20, 1897.
Wm. E. Chappell, Supt.
APPENDIX.
PLANT INTEODUCTIONS IIT AMERICA IN 1897.
101
EOSES.
Augaste Wattine, T. (Soupert & Netting) brick red, with yellow
at base of petals. Baroness Charles Taube, T. Kettem) yellowish white, tinted
with rose. Baroness M. de Tornaco, T. (Soupert & Netting) white mother-of- pearl, retouched with rose and edged with carmine. Belle Poitevine, Eug. (Bruant) pink. Bladud, H. P. (Cooling) silvery white, center pale blush. Blanc Double de Courbet, Eugosa (from Kamtschatka) paper
white. Calocarpa, Eug. (Bruant) single, rose. Carmine Pillar, H. C. (Paul) single, rosy carmine. Catharine Gerchen-Freunlich, T. (Kettem) rose, veined with
copper red shading to crimson. Chateau d'Aurout, T. (Kettem) peach carmine red. Charlotte Gillemot, H. T. (Guillot) white. Climbing Bridesmaid, CI. T. (Dingee & Conard Co.) pink. CliiQbing Earl of Pembroke, H. P. (Eumsey) climbing sport
from Earl of Pembroke. Climbing Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, H. T. (Dickson) climbing,
sport from Kaiserin Augusta Victoria. Climbing Souv. de Wooton, CI. T. (Craig) sport from Souv. de
Wooton, magenta red. Chevalier A. Ferrario, T. (Bernaix) crimson. Clara Watson, T. (Prince) salmon and pink. Comtesse Gedeon de Clermont-Tonnerre, T. (Soupert & Netting)
brick red, veined with golden yellow, and shaded peach red centre. Comtesse Lily Kinksky, T. (Soupert & Netting) blush white with
yellow shadings. Comtesse Wardi, T. (Soupert & Notting) copper yellow, shaded
clear red. Cooling's Single Crimson Bedder, (Cooling) crimson. Coronet, H. T. "(Dingee & Conard Co.) a cross between Paul Ney-
ron and Bon Sileiie, carmine pink. Countess of Caledon, H. T. (Dickson) carmine rose. Ellen Drew, H. P. (Dickson) silver pink with pink shading, a
sport from Duchess de Morny, Emilie Gonin, T. (Pierre Guillot) white, tinted with orange yel- low, deeper at the base of petals, the edges bordered with rose
carmine. Emin Pasha, H. T. (Drogemuller) rosy carmine. Empress Alexandra of Eussia, T. (Paul & Son) lake-red, shaded
with orange and crimson. Enchantress, T. (Paul & Son) creamy white, tinted buff at centre.
102 APPENDIX.
riammetta Nabonnand, T. (Nabonnand) called the white Papa Gontier, white.
Trancois Dubreuil, T. (Dubreuil) bright crimson with velvet shadings.
General Billot, T. (Dubreuil) pale amaranthus violet, with car- mine purple reflections towards the centre.
Gloire de Deventer, T. (Soupert & Netting) cream white, reverse of petals flesh colored rose.
Haileybury, H. P. (Paul) cerise salmon.
Helen Keller, H. P. (Dickson) satin rose.
Jeannie Deans, H. Sweet-brier (Lord Penzance) crimson, semi- double.
Jubilee, H. P., (Peter Henderson & Co.) red, shading to crimson red and maroon red at base of petals, a cross between Pr. Camille de Rohan and Louis Van Houtte, raised by M. H. Walsh.
Laurence Allen, H. P. (Cooling) soft pink.
Leon de Bruyn, T. (Soupert & dotting) outer petals pale yellow, with center of deep Naples yellow.
Lilliput, Poly. (Paul & Son) dwarf, cerise carmine, flushed with crimson.
Lucy Bertram, H. Sweet-brier (Lord Penzance) crimson, with white center.
M. Albert Patel, T. (Godard) red, shaded with yellow; a seed- ling from Beaute Inconstant.
Madam Jules Grolez, H. T. (Guillot) bright Chinese rose.
Madame Louis Gravier, T. (Gamon) salmon, tinted with orange yellow, and bordered with rose carmine.
Mademoiselle Marguerite Appert, H. T., red.
Manda's Triumph, 'H. Wich. (Manda) double, white.
Merrie England, H. P. (Harkness & Son) a sport from Heinrich Schultheis, rosy crimson, flaked and striped silvery blush.
Mile. Anais Molin, Poly. (Molin) dwarf, flesh white, shading to snow white.
Mile. Helene Gambler, H. T. (Pernet-Ducher) rosy flesh and salmon to coppery rose.
Minna, H. Sweet-brier (Lord Penzance) white, tinted blush.
Miss Ethel Richardson, H. P. (Dickson) white, with pale flesh centre.
Mosella, Poly. (Lambert & Reiter) white, shading to yellow.
Mrs. Robert Garrett, H. T. (Cook) a cross between Sombreul and Caroline Testout.
Mrs. Rumsey, H. P. (Rumsey) sport from Mrs. George Dickson, rose pink.
Perle des Rouges, Poly. (Dubreuil) dwarf, crimson red.
Pink Rambler, (Eiuphrosine) (Lambert) bright red, in large trusses.
Pink Roamer, H. Wich. (Manda) single, pink, almost white cen- tre.
APPENDIX.
103
Princess Marie Adelaide, Poly. (Soupert & Nottiiig) ivory white,
with rose center. Princess Venosa, T. (Dubreuil) ISTankin yellow, with shadings of
carmine. Queen Mab, China (Paul & Son) rosy apricot, center shaded with
orange; outside tinted with rose and violet. Kev. Alan Cheales, H. P. (Paul & Son) lake, with reflexed sil- very white shaded back petals. Eobert Duncan, H. P. (Dickson) bright rosy lake. Schneelicht, H. Kug. (Schmidt) snow white, climbing. Snowball, Poly. (Sander) double, white. Southern Beauty, CI. (Dingee & Conard Co) salmon. South Orange Perfection, H. Wich. (Manda) double, blush pink,
changing to white. Souv. de Catherine Guillot, T. . (Guillot) color of the Austrian
copper. Souv. de Chas. Verdier, H. P. (E. Yerdier fils) dark crimson, with
maroon shadings. Souv. de Jeanne Cabaud, T. (Guillot) copper color, with centre
yellow apricot carmine. Souv. de Madam Camusat, H. T. (Bonnaire) Chinese rose, with
metallic reflections at the centre. Souv. du Pres. Carnot, H. T. (Pernet-Ducher) soft pink and pearl. Souv. de Prince Charles D'Aremberg, ISToisette, (Soupert & dot- ting) climbing, canary yellow. Sylph, T. (Paul & Son) ivory white, tinted peach, Tom Wood, H. P. (Dickson) cherry red. Universal Favorite, H. Wich. (Manda) double, rose. Waltham Standard, H. P. (Paul & Son) carmine, shaded with
scarlet and violet. White Cochet, T. (Cook) a sport from Maman Cochet. White Marechal Niel, (Deegen) climbing, white. White Pet, CI. Poly. (Dingee & Conard Co.) white. White Rambler, (Thalia) (Lambert & Eeiter) pure white, large
trusses. Yellow Rambler, (Agluia) (Lambert) bright yellow, in large
trusses.
CARNATIONS.
Baltimore, (Hess) pink.
C. A. Dana, (Ward) shell pink. A seedling from W. Scott and
Uncle John. Captain King, (Pennock) white with pink markings. Flora Hill, (Hill) white.
Harrison's White, (Harrison) a sport from Wm. Scott. Joseph Jefferson, (Dingee & Conard) pink.
104 APPENDIX.
L^ura Vick, (Vick) scarlet, sport from Tidal Wave.
Lily Dean, (May) white, margined and penciled with pink.
Maud Dean, (May) blush white deepening to pink in centre.
Mayor Pingree, (Breitmeyer) lemon yellow, lightly marked with
pink and occasional splashes of white. Miss Emma Wocher, (Witterstaetter) light pink. Mrs. Chas. H. Duhme, (Dorner) light pink. Mrs. Geo. M. Bradt, (Dorner) white, heavily edged and striped
with scarlet. Mrs. McBurney, (Hill) salmon pink Morello, (Hopp & Lemke) scarlet. ISTivea, (Cook) white.
Victor, (Graham) salmon pink, a sport from Daybreak. W. D. Sloane, (Passmore) cerise.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS.
Adelaide, (Reiman) white.
Allegro, Jap. (Nanz & Xeuner.) crimson, yellow reverse.
Arona, Inc. (Europe) gold and orange, Seedling from Y. Morel.
Australie, Jap. (Australia) light rose amaranth, silvery reverse.
Barbara Forbes, Jap. Inc. (Europe) early, paper white.
Beauty of Truro, (Europe) a purplish bronze sport from Louis Boeh-
mer, hairy. Belle of Castlewood, Jap. Inc. (Spaulding) early, pink. Bonnie Dundee, Chinese (Europe) bronze. Boule d'Or, (Europe) Bronzy yellow. Brian Boru, Jap. (Spaulding) salmon pink. C. W. Ward, Jap. (Spaulding) snow white. Casco, Jap. Inc. (Goddard) light garnet. Castleton, Jap. Inc. (Spaulding) white. Chas. J. Massey, Inc. (Europe) primrose. Chito, Jap. (Smith) yellow ground, fine red stripes. Daylight, Jap. Inc. (Smith) sulphur yellow. Defender, Jap. Ref. (Fischer & Ekas) dark crimson. A seedling from
Geo. W. Childs and Mrs. Drexel. Delicacy, (Japan) white.
Dorothy Devens, Inc. (Spaulding) late, white. Dorothy Seward, Ref. (Europe) terra cotta red. Dorothy Spaulding, Jap. Inc. (Spaulding) early, dark rose pink. Duvet Blanc, (Europe) tubular petals, hooking up at end, hairy. Edith Tabor, Jap. (Europe) pale yellow, broad, recurving petals. Elainora, Jap. Inc. (May) early, deep pink, rose reverse. Elfrida, Jap. (Europe) petals striped, bronze red and yellow. Elvena, Jap. Inc. (May) early, silvery pink. Emily Silsbury, (Europe) white.
APPENDIX. 105
Eureka, Jap. Inc. (Spaulding) Avhite.
Evangeline, Inc. (May) white.
Exmonth Yellow, Jap. Inc. (Europe) golden yellow.
F. T. Domoto, (Europe) deep pink, hairy,
Fr. Vercelonne, (Europe) yellow, long tubular petals, incurving at the ends, hairy.
G. F. Atkinson, (Spaulding) pink, early.
Geo. S. Kalb, Jap. Ref. (Fischer & Ekas) early, white. A seedling from Mnie. F. Bergmann and Kate Brown.
Gladys, Inc. (Spaulding) white, outer petals flushed.
Gold Bug, (IsTanz & i!^euner.)
Gold Standard, Ref. (Spaulding) early, deep yellow.
Golden Plume, Inc. (Europe) yellow, hairy.
Golden Trophj% Jap. Inc. (Hill) early, yellow.
Golden Wonder, Ref. (Spaulding) old gold.
Halcyon, Anem. (Spaulding) white, often shaded pink.
Henry i!^anz, Jap. Inc. (Nanz & Neuner.)
Ideality, Inc. (Smith) white, late.
J. H. Woodford, Jap. Inc. (Spaulding) early, shell pink.
J. M. Gifford, Inc. (Spaulding) golden yellow.
Janette Sheahan, Jap. (Europe) bronzy yellow.
Kentucky, Jap. (Nanz & Neuner) shrimp pink.
King Cole, Inc. (Spaulding) bronze, seedling from Harry Maj% early.
Lady Byron, Jap. Inc. (Europe) white, petals long and broad.
Lady Esther Smith, Jap. Inc. (Europe) broad incurving petals of ivory white.
Lady Kennaway, (Europe) early, pink.
La Garonne, Ref. (Europe) bright rose, creamy centre.
Lago Magiore, Jap. (Europe) yellow.
Lawn Tennis, Ref. (Dailledouze) deep mauve.
L'Emindra, (Europe) creamy white, flesh tips.
Leonidas, Jap. Ref. (May) amaranth, shaded maroon.
Loantika, Ref. (May) bright red.
Lorelei, Jap. Inc. (Bock) white, lower petals lilac pink.
Lorna Doone, Jap. (Condon) snow white.
Lucille Marthieu de la Drome, Jap. Inc. (Europe) early, yellow, slightly tinged rose.
M. A. Charmet, Jap. (Europe) rosy violet, petals tubular at base.
M. Edw. Andre, (Europe) bronze.
M. M. Wallace, Jap. (Spaulding) lilac pink.
Mars, Jap. (Spaulding) crimson lake, gold reverse
Marsia Jones, Anem. (Spaulding) snow white.
Maud Adams, Jap. Inc. (Spaulding) late, yellow.
Merula, (Smith) early, pink.
Midge, Jap. (Smith) early, white. ■%
Milano, Jap. Ref. (Europe) cherry carmine, bronze reverse.
Miss Lottie D. Berry, Jap. Inc. (Garret A. Hobart) (Pitcher & Man- da) white.
106 APPENDIX.
Miss Mary Godfrey, Jap. (Europe) silvery pink, edge of florets deeper.
Mizpah, Sing. (Smith) very dwarf, small flower, bright rose.
Mile. F. Besson, Jap. (Europe) blush violet, shading to carmine.
Mile. L. Girard, (Europe) white, ends of petals incurving, hairy.
Mons. Pequemal de Koseville, Inc. (Europe) bronze, hairy.
Mrs. A. P. Meredith, (Manda) yellow, sport from Mrs. Kimball.
Mrs. C. E. Shea, (Europe) creamy white,
Mrs. Col. Goodman, Inc. (Knapp) white, often flushed pink.
Mrs. E. F. Hyde, Jap. Inc. (Spaulding) lemon.
Mrs. F. A. Bevan, Jap. (Smith) flesh pink, long tapering florets.
Mrs. G. H. Smart, Jap. Inc., (Europe) golden, suffused red.
Mrs. Geo. Armistead, Jap. (Europe) white, striped and flushed pink;
long narrow florets. Mrs. Geo. Carpenter, Jap. silvery pink, slightly hairy. Mrs. Geo. Cover, Jap. Kef. (Europe) crimson, bronze reverse. Mrs. H. Weeks, Jap. Inc. (Europe) white. Mrs. Briscoe Ironsides, Jap. Inc. (Europe) pale flesh. Mrs. Hermann Kloss, Jap. (Europe) dark orange flushed with red. Mrs. J. Withers, Jap. (Spaulding) yellow. Mrs. John J. Glessner, Jap. (Smith) light yellow. Mrs. John Shrimpton, (Europe) golden buff, shaded crimson. Mrs. Martin A. Eyerson, Jap. (Smith) white. Mrs. E. D. Douglas, Inc. (Spaulding) yellow and bronze. Mrs. E. Mc Arthur, Jap. Inc. (Spaulding) snow white. Mrs. Eosseter, (Europe) chestnut and amber, petal tubular and
forked. Mrs. S. C. Probin, Jap. (Smith) pink. Mrs. Theo. F. Beckert, Inc. (Bock) blush. Mt. St. Eynard, Jap. Eef. (Europe) bronze. Mygale, (Europe) trumpet shaped petals, incurving at the tips, dark
red. Olive Oclee, Jap. Inc. (Europe) buif , shading bronze. Pauline French, Inc. (Europe) flesh pink, centre yellow, hairy. Pendennis, (Nanz & Neuner.)
Perle Dauphinoise, Jap. Inc. (Europe) golden yellow. Phoebus, Eef. (Europe) yellow. Plume d'Or, Inc. (Europe) canary yellow, hairy. Porcelain, Eef. (Smith) late, white.
President McKinley, Jap. (Spaulding) ox-blood red, gold reverse. Pride of Exmouth, Jap. Inc. (Europe) white, flushed. Pride of Madford, Jap. Inc. (Europe) amaranth, reverse lighter,
petals incurving at the centre. Queen of Earlies, (Europe) early, white. Eachais, Inc. (Europe) bronze, hairy. Eobt. Egerton, Jap. (Carey) light pink.
Eomance, Jap. (Smith) creamy white, long petals hooking up at ends. Eose Owen, Jap. (Europe) pink, early. Simplicity, Jap. (Smith) white.
APPENDIX. 107
Snowdon, Jap. (Smith) white, late.
Souv. de Ma Soeur, Inc. (Europe) white, hairy.
Starlight, Jap. (Smith) tubular petals, pink, shading to yellow at
tips. Sundew, Inc. (Spaulding) early, bronze.
Sunstone, Jap. (Smith) yellow, shading to red at base, straw reverse. Surprise, Anem. (Europe) high pink centre, guard petals forked and
hooked. Symphonia, Jap. Inc. (May) carmine pink, reverse silvery pink. T. B. Morse, Jap. Inc. (Spaulding) early, yellow. Thanksgiving, (Rawson) pink.
The Barrington, Jap. (Spaulding) maroon, silver reverse. The Harriott, Jap. Inc. (Spaiilding) late, deep rose, silvery reverse. The Times, Jap. (N'anz & I^euner) silvery pink, shading to deep pink
centre. The Yellow Kid, Inc. (Spaulding) lemon.
Velmar, Jap. (Smith) centre incurved, white with pink pencilings. Virginia Earle, Anem. (Europe) silvery pink. Virreta, (ISTanz & Xeuner.) Yt. de Chezelles, (Europe) bronze. West Kewton, .Tap. (Gane) nankeen yellow. Western King, Jap. Inc. (Smith) white. Yellow Monarch, Jap. (Dailledouze) early, yellow; sport from Merry
Monarch. Yvonne Desblanc, Jap. (Europe) white shading, to yellow at centre.
CAN'NAS.
Andromache, (Italy) red, dark foliage.
Antigone, (Italy) scarlet, lightly laced and spotted yellow.
Bacchus, (Italy) red, laced and spotted yellow.
Brilliant, (Conard & Jones) yellow, with crimson maroon stripe.
Burbank, (Vaughan) a California seedling (Burbank) of same class as recently introduced Italian varieties; flowers large, yellow, lightly dotted scarlet in throat.
California, (Conard & Jones) orange gold.
Capt. Drujon, (France) yellow, lightly streaked dark red.
Champion, (Conard & Jones,) crimson scarlet.
Dr. Masters, (Geo. Paul) yellow, lightly feathered red.
Duchess of Marlborough, (Conard & Jones) rose pink.
Duke of Marlborough, (Conard & Jones) dark crimson, almost black.
Gloriosa, (Conard & Jones) dark crimson, with wide border of gold- en yellow.
Golden Pearl, (Conard & Jones) dwarf, yellow with maroon centre.
John White, (White) tricolored foliage.
Little Billee, (Manda) scarlet.
108 APPENDIX.
Lorraine (Conard & Jones,) soft pink, widely bordered with creamy- white.
Maiden's Bhish, (Conard & Jones) color of Daybreak Carnation.
Manda's Ideal, (Manda) scarlet vermilion.
New Yellow, (Jessamine Gardens) a chance seedling from Mme. Crozy.
Pillar of Fire, (Conard & Jones) six to seven feet high, crimson scarlet.
Pres. Yermorel, (France) coppery, salmon and red, dark foliage.
Robert Christie, (Manda) orange vermilion.
Sander's ]Srew Variegated, (Sander) tricolored foliage.
Sunset, (Conard & Jones) creamy yellow, delicately penciled.
Triumph, (Conard & Jones) Flamingo type.
Yellow Crozy, (Vaughan) a Florida seedling (Crane) canary yellow, faintly dotted red on smallest lower petal.
DAHLIAS.
Antietam, Dec. (Peacock) red.
Apple Blossoms, Fan. (Peacock) red pink and carmine, often lighter
and pink veined. Clifford W. Bruton, Dec. (Peacock) yellow. Corinne, Fan. Sing. (Peacock) yellow, striped crimson scarlet. Density, Pom. (Peacock) pink. Gilt Edge, Fan. Dec. (Blanc.)
Henry F. Mitchell, Cac. (Peacock) soft yellow to orange red. Irridescent, Dec. (Peacock.)
Mrs. E. C. Monroe, Dec. (Peacock) sulphur yellow. Princess Harry, Dec. (Peacock) cream, shading to primrose. Psyche, Bedder (Peacock) primrose, shaded rose. Titan, Show Sing. (Peacock) orange scarlet.
GERANIUMS.
Boucharlat's White, double, white.
C. Morel, (Bruant race) semi-double, red.
Col. Gillon, (Bruant race) double, rosy orange, two upper petals
marked dark red. Cte Hubert le More, (Bruant race) single, pink with white edge. Dr. McDonald, (Pearson) single, crimson scarlet. Etoile de Vinne, (Bruant race) single, rosy flesh, bright centre. Iris, (Pearson) single, maroon crimson. Kentucky Bell, (Nanz & Neuner) double, white, veined and edged
with red.
APPENDIX. 109
La France, (Lemoine) double, white.
Mme. Eliza Gattel, (Charmet) single, bright rose, two upper petals
feathered white. N". Castelini, (Boucharlat) double, red.
Prince Henri d' Orleans, (Lemoine) double, rose, shaded salmon. St. Cecilia, (Pearson) single, salmon, deeper in centre.
BEGOI^IAS.
Captain Holford, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.
Decorator, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.
Hatfield Gem, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.
John Jacques, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.
Lady Clare Annesley, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.
Marginata Illustrata, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.
Owen Thomas, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.
Queen Victoria, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.
Eex, Eevolution, (Hill) foliage whorled, silver zone.
Sander's "White Champion, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.
Semperflorens gigantea, Goliath (Lemoine) large flowers, rosy white.
Semperflorens gigantea, Mastodonte (Lemoine) large flowers, soft
rose. Silver Grey, (Sander) Eex Hybrid, Silver Tricolor, (Sander) Eex Hybrid, Vulcan (Semperflorens astrosanguineum), (Burpee). Waddesden Beauty, (Sander) Eex Hybrid. White Collarette, (Sander) Eex Hybrid. Windsor Gem, (Sander) Eex Hybrid. Winter White, (Sander) Eex Hybrid.
SWEET PEAS.
Aurora, (Burpee) white, flaked and striped orange salmon.
Bride of i!Tiagara, (Vick.)
Brilliant, (Burpee) crimson scarlet.
Burpee's 'New Countess, (Burpee.)
Creole, (Burpee) lavender and pink.
Columbia, (Hutehins.)
Coronet, (Hutehins.)
Countess of Powis, Eckford.
Countess of Shrewsbury, (Eckford) pink and purple.
Coquette, (Eckford) primrose and rose.
Extra Early Blanche Ferry, (Ferry.)
Golden Gate, (Burpee) mauve and lavender.
Golden Gleam, (Sunset S. & P. Co.) yellowish.
110 APPENDIX.
Lady Nina Balfour, (Eckford.)
Lovely, (Eckford) pink.
Maid of Honor, (Burpee) light blue on white ground.
Mars, (Eckford) crimson.
Prima Donna, (Eckford) pink.
Prince Edward of York, (Eckford.)
Queen Victoria, (Eckford.)
Ked Biding Hood, (Sunset Seed & Plant Co.) flower hooded, pink and
white. Boyal Eose (Eckford) pink. Salopian, (Eckford.) Shahgada, (Eckford.) Triumph, (Eckford.)
MISCELLANEOUS.
Abutilon Savitzii, variegated foliage.
AMzzia fastigiata, (Eeasoner Bros.)
Anchusa affinis, blue.
Anemone coronaria, fl. pi., The Bride, (Krelage) white.
Anemone f ulgens multipetala, (Krelage) scarlet.
Anthurium Bogotense, (Sander) a Columbian species, foliage deep
green, undulated. Anthurium Lady Iveagh, (Sander) foliage and habit of A. Andrean-
nm, ivory white and pink spathes, spadix bright red, lower half
shading into orange. Ardisia polycephala, (Eeasoner Bros.) Ardisia, species from Jamaica, (Eeasoner Bros.) Areca Alicise, (Eeasoner Bros.) Bauhinia, (Eeasoner Bros.) new, pink flowered. Begonia erecta multiflora, (tuberous) dwarf, flowers double, medium
size. Bignonia adenophylla, (Eeasoner Bros.) Bosea Amherstiana, (Eeasoner Bros.) Cfesrepinia minax, var. curmanica, (Eeasoner Bros.) Caladium Albanense, (Sander.) Caladium speciosa, (Sander.) Caladium venosa, (Sander). Campanula Japonica, (Japan) semi-double, blue. Caryopteris mastacanthus candidus, white. Cereus, . (Eeasoner Bros.) new three-angled. Cereus, (Eeasoner Bros.) new round stemmed. Chionodoxa grandiflora alba, (Krelage) white. Coleus, Black Bedder, (Sander.) Coleus, Gaiety, (Sander.) Coleus, Mrs. F. Sander Improved, (Sander.)
APPENDIX. Ill
Coleus, tricolor undnlata, (Sander.)
Cynomelia Americana, (Reasoner Bros.)
Dipladenia speciosa, (Sander) (D. Brearleyana x with an nnnamed species) rosy pink, deeper toward the edges and in tlie throat; ex- ternally white, suffused with i)ink.
Erigeron hybridus roseus, purplish rose with yellow disc.
Eriocnenia Fascinator, (Sander.)
Ficus pendunculata (Jessamine Gardens.)
Gladiolus, Queen Wilhelmina, (Krelage) blush.
Gladiolus, Weisse Dame, {White Lady) (Haage & Schmidt.)
Heuchera alba, white.
Hibiscus R. Sinensis, (Reasoner Bros.) single salmon.
Iris Cretensis, Imperatrice Elisabetta, (Krelage) blue.
Ixora Duffii, (Reasoner Bros.)
Liliuni longiflorum albo-marginatum, (Manda) foliage margined
white. Lygodium Japonicum, (Berger.) Mapania pandan;efolia, (Sander.) Michelia champaca, (Reasoner Bros.) Morinda citrifc^lia, (Reasoner Bros.) Ophiocaulon gummifera, (Reasoner Bros.) Pancratium, (Reasoner Bros.) wide leaved. Petunia, Mrs. Fred Sander, (Sander) double, pink, petals frilled and
deeply cleft. Philodendron, (Reasoner Bros.) two vars. Jamaica. Philodendron imperiale var. Laucheana, (Sander) trailing. Salvia, Manda's Golden Leaved, (Manda) yellow foliage, dwarf, Sarracenia Sanderre, (Sander) (S. Drummondii alba x S. Cookiana.) Sarracenia x Sanderiana, (Sander) (S Drummondii rubra x Farn-
hamii.)
Sidalcea Listeri, hardy herbaceous.
Sternbergia macrantha, (Krelage.)
Utricularia Forgetiana, (Sander) violet blue flowers, buff yellow blotch.
Vitis C'oignetite, hardy climber.
Zinnia Mexicana hybrida, yellow, margined red and violet.
NOMENCLATURE COMMITTEE FOR 189S.
Prof. Wm. Trelease, St. Louis, Mo.
Thos. Gunson, Michigan Agricultural College.
Edwin Lonsdaee, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa,
E. G. Hill, Richmond, Ind.
Fred Dorner, Lafayette, Ind.
W. R. Smith, Washington, D. C.
E. A. Wood, West Newton, Mass,
Robert Craig, Philadelphia, Pa.
A. M. Herr, Lancaster, Pa.
Robert George, Painesville, O.
Jackson Dawson, Jamaica Plain, Mass.
E. D. Smith, Adrian, Mich.
112 APPENDIX.
rLOEISTS' HAIL ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.
' The Annual Meeting of the Florists' Hail Association was held at Music Hall, Providence, R. I., on Wednesday afternoon, Aug, 18, 1897. President J. M. Jordan being absent, and also Vice-President J. C. Rennison, the meeting selected J. C. Vaughan of Chicago as Chairman. The following reports of the Secretary and Treasurer were read and approved.
secretary's report.
The number of members of the Florists' Hail Association at the close of this report is 705.
The risks assumed are as follows: Upon 2,488,592 square feet of single thick glass. Upon 5,741,098 square feet of double thick glass. An extra one-half insurance upon 136,912 square feet of single thick glass. An extra one-half insurance upon 239,669 square feet of double thick glass. An extra whole insurance upon 556,811 square feet of single thick, and upon 1,122,417 square feet of double thick glass, mak- ing it equivalent to a single insurance upon 10,097,209 square feet of glass.
The Eeserve Fund consists of $3,000.00 in bonds and $2,215.26 cash in hands of the Treasurer.
The amount of Emergency Fund on hand at the close of this re- port was $3,365.79, making the total cash balance in the hands of the Treasurer $5,581.05.
The seventh assessment levied March 1, 1897, brought to the treas- ury $5,353.68.
The expenditures for salary of officers, stationery, advertising, postage, etc., have been for the year $796.63.
The sum of $2,919.13 has been paid for losses during the year.
36,783 square feet of single thick and 6,232 square feet of double thick glass, belonging to members, have been broken during the year.
The percentage of loss has been 1 square foot of single thick glass broken to every 67jfjili feet insured, and 1 square foot of double thick glass broken to every 921.fiY« square feet insured.
The especial feature this year is : that the loss on double thick glass . has been unusually small.
The record for satisfactory adjustment of losses remains unbroken, and notwithstanding universal business depression, the Florists' Hail Association has grown more rapidly during the past year than at any time since incorporation, and it closes the tenth year of its existence with an average gain of insurance upon 1,000,000 square feet of glass annually.
John G. Esler, Secretary.
appendix. 113
treasurer's report. 1896 Losses.
Aug. 10. George Clark, Denver, Colorado $ 40 28
" 25. C. Burtschy & Bro., St. Bernard, Ohio 30 40
" 25. E. Manthy, Jr., " " 40 25
" 2.5. E. Manthy, Sr., " " 15 00
" 25. August Kahner, Yillisca, Iowa 2 00
" 25. G. Van Bochove & Bro., Kalamazoo, Mich 34 83
Sept. 1. Button Bros., Lake Geneva, Wis 10 50
1. Emil Glauber, Montclair, Col 18 26
" 1. E. W. Bergstrom, Des Moines, Iowa 5 00
" 1. Mrs. R. Mauff. Denver, Col 24 38
1. Colfax Ave. Floral Co., Denver, Col 169 87
" 1. A. Donaghue, Omaha, Nebraska 315 60
1. Paul Paulsen, " " 38 25
1. John Ederer & Son, " " 78 54
" 1. E. C. Erflmger, " " 37 65
" 1. Hess & Swoboda, " " 159 85
" 1. McPherson & Reed, " " 12 16
" 11. Geo. Magri, College Hill, Ohio 14 10
" 11. Augustus Trantman, Weir, Kansas 30 15
" 28. Emil Glauber, Montclair, Col 6 08
Oct. 2. DeWitt Bros., Bristol, Pa 13 23
" 5. Mrs. Margaret Sweeney, Harrisburg, Pa 9 75
" 5. W. H. Druse & Co., Beardstown, 111 12 25
" 9. W. Wood, Trenton, N. J 44 87
1897
Mar. 22. John Lorenze, Des Moines, Iowa 2 70
May 5. Henry Rollinson, " " 7 80
" 5. J. F. Marshall, " " 32 50
" 5. C. Humfeld, Clay Center, Kansas 1,161 42
5. S. D. Brandt, " " 249 00
" 7. August Rahner, A^illisca, Iowa 2 50
" 7. Louis Bauscher, Freeport, 111 3 65
" 7. E. W. Bergstrom, Des Moines, Iowa 76 36
" 10. John Lorenze, " " 5 75
" 17. W. L. Morris, " " 35 37
" 20. L. A. Moore, Plattsmouth, Nebraska 51 53
" 21. E. H. Gilbert, Winfield, Kansas .-. ^. 33 75
June24. A. F. Barbe, Kansas City, Mo 15 84
" 25. Henry Smith, " " 32 05
July 2. Heite Floral Co., " " 21 39
" 12. F. M. Teter, Ottumwa, Iowa 4 80
" 12. Alice Kinney, Old Franklin, Mo 15 67
" 12. Schmalz & Huber, Marysville, Kansas 3 80
$2,919 13
Cr. by overcharged re-insurance 12
$2,919 25
114 APPENDIX.
Expense Account.
A. T. De La Mare Printing and Pub. Co., printing... $ 9 15
Market St. Printing House, envelopes 2 50
American Florist Co., advertising reports, etc 24 85
Southern Florist and Gardener, advertising 1 00
J. M. Jordan, postage and envelopes, 7 00
A. T. De La Mare Printing and Pub. Co., printing... 21 75
7 50
7 10
" " " " advertising 7 00
J. M. Jordan, extra services 50 00
A. T. De La Mare Printing and Pub. Co., printing... 1 41
1 60
John G. Esler, postage 20 74
A. T. De La Mare Printing and Pub. Co., printing.... 4 25
Hackensack Republican, envelopes 3 00
A. T. De La Mare Printing and Pub. Co., printing... 3 85
Box Eent, Lancaster Trust Co 5 00
Market St. Printing House, envelopes 2 50
" " printing 1 50
Frank Reeder, certificate State of Pennsylvania 10 75
John G. Esler, salary 400 00
Albert M. Ilerr, salary and postage 126 30
J. M. Jordan, " " 54 00
A. T. De La Mare Printing and Pub. Co., advertising 6 50
" " " " printing 2 16
J. G. Esler, postage 15 22
$ 796 63 Beceipts.
Seventh asssessment $5,353 68
Membership 593 49
School bond - 500 00
Interest on bonds 142 50
First assessment (new) 375 27
First assessment (additional) 277 85
Ex. one-half 32 45
Ex. whole 174 11
Re-insurance ; 43 93
Balance, 1896 1,803 65
$9,296 93 Less expenditures 3,715 88
Total $5,581 05
Amount of bonds, $3,000.
Albert M. Herr, Treasurer.
|
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APPENDIX. 115
The following amendment to the By-laws having been recom- mended by the directors, and notice of same having been served upon the members, it was taken ujj by the meeting and duly passed.
Section 6 of Article 12 :
Insurance to be valid as soon as payment of an assessment or membership fee is in the hands of the Treasurer.
The election for directors resulted in the choice of J. C. Vaughan of Chicago, Wm. F. Dreer of Philadelphia and Stephen D. Horan of Bridgeport.
A discussion was had as to the advisability of preparing statis- tics and the matter was left to the Secretary, after which the meeting adjourned.
A meeting of the directors was held after adjournment of the annual meeting and the following officers were elected : J, M. Jor- dan, President, J. C. Vaughan, Vice-President, and John G. Esler, Secretary. Albert M. Herr, as Treasurer, holds over. The officers were instructed to invest the membership fee on hand.
The Secretary was instructed to levy the eighth assessment on March 1, 1898, unless sooner needed.
The following amendments were then voted for as recommen- dations for next year's annual meeting.
Section 2 of Article 9 to read
The Secretary shall receive an annual salary of $50.00 for each million square feet of glass insured.
Section 3 of Article 9 to read
The Treasurer shall receive an annual salary of $20.00 for each million square feet of glass insured.
Section 4 of Article 9 to read
The President shall receive an annual salary of $7.50 for each million square feet of glass insured.
John G. Esler, Secretary.
116 AHPENDIX.
CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY OF AMERICA.
\ Convention Hall, Providence, R. I.,
) August 18, 1897.
The anuual meeting of the Chrysanthemum Society of America was held on the afternoon of the above date. President Elijah A. Wood occupied the chair. In the absence of Secretary Elmer D. Smith, Edwin Lonsdale was, on motion, called upon to act as Secre- tary, pro tern.
The Secretary's report on being read was ordered, on motion of Eugene Dailledouze, to be accepted and placed on file.
The report of the Treasurer was ordered to take same course.
On motion of G. L. Grant, it was ordered that information con- cerning awarding of certificates be published in the trade papers only through the Secretary, and that the judges be instructed not to give out the number of points scored by any variety examined by them.
On motion of G. L. Grant, it was ordered that the Secretary be paid an annual salary of fifty dollars ($50.00).
A motion as to a new standing rule was offered by Mr. Grant, as follows: Protests against any award of the judges must be submitted in writing to the Secretary before January first following the date of the award protested. The Secretary shall refer the same to the Exec- utive Committee who shall take action on same as early as possible. Carried.
It was ordered on motion of Eugene Dailledouze that the Secretary (Mr. Smith) be authorized to have printed blank certificates from old designs, enough for the current year.
It was on motion agreed to reduce the annual dues to one dollar
($1.00).
Mr. G. L. Grant moved that the Society offer annually a Silver Cup, to be known as the Chrysanthemum Society of America Cup — value twenty dollars ($20.00) — for best six distinct varieties of Chrys- anthemums, six flowers of each; to be competed for at various cities where exhibitions are regularly held, one city each year; the awards to be made by judges appointed by the officers of this Society. Said exhi- bition to be held on or about October 20th in each year. Carried.
Mr. Dailledouze moved that the first exhibition be held in New York, during the present year. Carried.
Election of officers resulted as follows:
President — Elijah A. Wood, West ISTewton, Mass. Vice- President — E. G. Hill, Richmond, Iiid. iSecretary — Elmer D. Smith, Adrian, Mich. Treasurer — John N. May, Summit, N. J.
appendix. 117
secretary's report. Of the ninety-seven seedlings exhibited before the Committees, fiftj^-four scored eighty-five points and over and have been awarded certificates. The varieties are as follows: Yellow Monarch, Midge, Elveua, Elainora, J. H. Woodford, The Barrington, Mrs. J. ^Vithe^s- Mrs. R. D. Douglas, Eureka. Gold Standard, Belle of Castlewood, M. M. Wallace, T. B. Morse, C. W. Wood, Evangeline, Leonidas, Defend, er, George S. Kalb, Onito, Casco, Florence Harris, Merula, iSTumber Eleven, Golden Harvest, Lawn Tennis, Mrs. Trainor, L. Park, Miss Lottie D. Berry, Halcyon, F. A. Spaulding, Madeline Pratt, Mrs. Colonel Goodman, Eobert Egerton, Thomas Monahan, Miss Helen Trotter, The Times, Mrs. John J. Glissner, Chito, Surprise, (importa- tion), Mrs. Theo. Beckert, Lorlei, Adelaide, Marsia Jones, Mavourneen, Maud Adams, Mrs. Martin A. Ryerson, Western King, Kentucky, Virgin, Mrs. R. McArthur, Castleton,Th anksgiving, Dorotiiy Devens, Mildred, The Harriott.
LIST OF MEMBERS, 1897-8.
CALIFORNIA.
Sidney Clack, Menlo Park, Vice-President.
Clack, Sidney, Menlo Park. Johnson, Frank, Menlo Park,
Box 49. Krauss, F. G., Menlo Park, Lee, Thos., Del Monte Garden,
Monterey. Masson, Jas., Menlo Park.
Mitchell, Wm., Menlo Park. ISTunn, Geo., Menlo Park. Rock, Peter, Menlo Park. Sievers, J. H., 25 Post st., San
Francisco. Vallance, Jas., Livermore
COLORADO.
Clark, William, 318 E. Platte ave., Colorado Springs.
Wise, L. H., 3234 Elizabeth st., Denver.
CONNECTICUT.
Mrs. H. E. Charter, Meriden, Vice-President.
Austin, Ed., Suffleld. [don.
Bindloss, T. Palmer, New Lon- Brainard, Chas., Thompsonville. Brainard, D. Wm., Pease st.,
Thompsonville. Champion, J. 'N., IS'ew Haven. Charter, Mrs. H. E., Meriden. Coombs, John, 118 Benton st.,
Hartford. Ernst, Otto J., Est. G. Gednl-
dig, IS'orwich.
Hill, Morris A., Ansonia. Horan, Stephen D., Bridgeport. Eeck, John, Bridgeport. Eowden, Geo. H., Wallingford, Smith, Jos. F., 62 Main St., oSTor-
wich. Spalding, John, 'New London. Taylor, Edw. J., Southport. Whiting, A., Farmington ave.,
Hartford.
DELAWARE.
Baylis, L. E., 32d and Market st., Wilmington.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
W. H. King, Langdon, Vice-President.
Durfee, Benj., Washington. Ernest, Wm. H., 28th and M.
Sts., N. E., Washington. Gauges, Philip, Botanic Garden,
Washington. Gude, Adolphus, 1224 F st.,
Washington. - [ington. Gude, Wm. F., 1224 F st., Wash-
Hitz, John, 917 R. st., K. W.,
Washington. King, W. H., Langdon. Reynolds, C. Leslie, Botanic
Garden, Washington. Smith, W. R., Botanic Garden,
Washington.
FLORIDA.
Shepard, W. 0. H., Pensacola.
APPENDIX.
119
GEORGIA.
Guien, A., 1483 Broad St., Au- gusta.
Oelschig, A. C, 30i Bull st., Sa- vannah. Thaden, Herman, Atlanta
ILLINOIS.
J. Y. Merriox, Chicago, Vice-President.
Baur, S. A., Rockford.
Brown, A. C, Springfield.
Buckbee, H. W., Rockford.
Buettner, Emil, Park Ridge.
Chadwick, W. H., 402 Rialto, Chicago.
Gentemann, C. F. W., Quincy.
Grant, G. L., 322 Dearborn St., Chicago.
Heller, J. A., 1117 JSTorth 8th St., Quincy.
Ivanst, Fred, South Park, Chi- cago.
King, F. J., Ottawa.
Lynch, W. E., 19-21 Randolph St., Chicago.
Merrion, J. V., Chicago. Phelps, H. L., Springfield. Ringier, Arnold, 10 No. Clark
St., Chicago. Rudd, W. ]Sr., Mt. Greenwood. Rupp, K. J., 297-307 Hawthorne
ave., Chicago. Sanders, Edgar, 1639 Belmont
ave., Chicago. Smyth, W. J., 270 31st st.,
Chicago. Yaughan, J. C, 84-86 Randolph
St., Chicago. Weinhoeber, E., 417 Elm st.,
Chicago. Wilson, Jas. S., Western Springs
INDIANA.
W. J. Yesey, Fort Wayne, Vice-President.
Bertermann, John, Indianapolis. Bertermann, William G., In- dianapolis. Bullock, Mrs. E. M., Elkhart. Carmody, J. D., Evansville. Coles, W. W., Kokomo. Dorner, Fred, Lafayette.
Evans, J. A., Richmond. Gause, G. R., Richmond Hill, E. Gurney, Richmond. Rieman, H. W., Indianapolis. Yesey, W. J., Fort Wayne. Wiegand, A., 7th and Illinois sts., Indianapolis.
IOWA.
J. C. Rennison, Vice-President.
Bahr, F. G., Davenport. Greene, W., Box 58, Davenport. Harkett, W. A., Dubuque. Kemble, W. E., Oskaloosa. Kramer, Judson A., Cedar Rap- ids.
Laisle, Christ, Keokuk. Rennison, J. C., Sioux City. Temple, J. T., Davenport. Wilcox, J. F., Council BlufCs.
Coventry, M. J., Fort Scott.
KANSAS.
I Whitcomb, A., Lawrence.
KENTUCKY.
A. Galt Robinson, Louisville, Vice-President.
Baumer, Aug. R., Louisville. Coenen, Jos., Louisville. Moulder, Geo. B., Lily Park,
Smith's Grove. Power, E., Frankfort.
Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville. Schultz, Jacob, 606 Fourth ave.,
Louisville. Shuman, Julius, Newport.
120
Maitre, K., New Orleans
APPENDIX. LOUISIANA.
MAINE.
H. W. Dyer, South Portland, Vice-President.
Dirwanger, Albert, Portland. Dirwanger, Joseph A., 719 Con- gress St., Portland.
Dyer, H. W., South Portland. Sprague, E. B., Bowdoinham.
MARYLAND.
R. YiKCENT, Jr., White Marsh P. O., Vice-President.
Bester, William, 205 So. Potomac St., Hagerstown.
Cook, John, 318 North Charles St., Baltimore.
Donn, John, Erdman ave., Bal- timore.
Hahn, Gottlob, Embla Park, Bal- timore.
Halliday, Robt., 11 E. Baltimore St., Baltimore.
Millinan, F. X., Green st. sta- tion, Cumberland.
Seidewitz, E. A., 36 W. Lexing- ton St., Baltimore.
Yincent, R., Jr., White Marsh, P. O., Baltimore Co.
Weber, Wm., Oakland.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Lawrence Cotter, Dorchester and P. J. Donohue, Lenox,
Vice-Presidents.
Anderson, George M., Wayside Farm, Milton.
Anderson, Jas., Swampscott.
Beals, E. B., Greenfield.
Becker, Frank, 1730 Cambridge St., Cambridge.
Blomberg, Carl, No. Easton.
Bock, W. A., North Cambridge.
Brague, L. B., Hinsdale.
Breed, E. W., Clinton.
Butterworth, J. T., So. Framing- ham.
Cameron, Robt., Botanic Garden, Cambridge,
Chase, Chas. S., Elm st., Dighton.
Clapp, E. B., 169 Boston street, South Boston.
Clark, John, Jos. Breck & Sons Corp., Boston.
Comley, James, Lexington.
Cook, H. A., Shrewsbury.
Cotter, Lawrence, Dorchester.
Cox, Thomas A., Olney st.. Dor-
Crawford, H. F., 975 N. Main st.,
Brockton. Dawson, Jackson, Jamaica Plain Donald, Wm., Corey st., W. Rox-
bury. Donoghue, P. J., Lenox. Doyle, W. E., 43 Tremont street,
Boston.
Edgar, William W., Waverly.
Elliott, W. H., Brighton.
Ewell, Warren, 38 Wayland st., Roxbury.
Fairbank, A. N., Webster.
Farquhar, Robt., 16 So. Market St., Boston.
Fewkes, A. H., Newton High- lands.
Fletcher, Fred W., Auburndale.
Foster, L. H., 45 King st., Dor- chester.
Fuller, J., Leominster.
Galvin, John, 124 Tremont st., Boston.
Gilmore, A. S., Westboro.
Goodell, L. W., Dwight.
Gordon, Geo., Beverly.
Grey, Thos. J., 49 and 50 So. Market st., Boston.
Guinevan, D. H., Beverly.
Habison, Geo., Brighton.
Hayden, E., Marblehead.
Haynes, J. C, Boston.
Hoibrow, C. E., Brighton.
Hutson, A. R., Brighton.
Harris, F. L., Wellesley.
Hews, A. H., North Cambridge.
Hopkins, Frank E., Salem.
Howard, J. W., Somerville.
Huss, J. F., Veutfort Hall, Lenox.
Ingram, Chas., Reading.
APPEJfDIX.
121
MASSACHUSETTS - Continued.
Ireland, K. D., 246 Boylston st.
Boston. Junkins, Geo. S., Lawrence. King, Geo. T., 145 Arlington st.,
Hyde Park. Knapp, W. H., Xewtonville. Lange, Albert H., Worcester. Lange, Carl C, AVorcester. Lange, H. F. A., Worcester. Leveque, Thos. A., 672 E. Globe
St., Fall Eiver. Loveless, Alfred J., Lenox. Mann, Mary 8., Florence. Manning, J.Woodward, Reading, Manning, W. H., 125Tremontst.,
Boston. Marshall, Chas. L., Lowell. Martin, Wm. J., Milton. Mathison, Fred K., Waltliam. Mavnard, Prof. S. T., Amherst. McCarthy, I>r. F„ 84 Hawley st.,
Boston. McCarthy, T. F., Boston. McMulkin, Edw. J., 124 Tremont
St., Boston. Meyer, J. C, 87 Sumner street,
Boston. Miller, James L., 882 Western
ave., Lvnn. Miller, Wm., 882 Western ave.,
Lvnn. Molloy, William F., Wellesley. Montgomery, Alexander, Natick. Montgomery, Alexander W., Jr.,
Natick. Moseley, F. C, Neponset. Murdock, H. L., West Gardner. Newman, J. R., Winchester. Nichol, Jas., 29 Coddington st.,
Qiiincy. Nicholson, William, Framing- ham. Norton, M. H., Hotel Berkeley,
Boston. O'Brien, Chas. J., 63 Union st.,
Jamaica Plain. Ormsby, E. A., Melrose. Palmer, Ernest B., No. Easton. Pasell, F. H., New Bedford. Patten, Geo. W., Lowell. Patten, M. A., Lowell.
Paul, Jas. R., Shadow Brook Gar- den, Lenox
Pettigrew, J. A., Franklin Park, Boston.
Pierce, William, 232 Union st., New Bedford.
Playdon, J. H., 35 Lowell St., Andover.
Rea, Chas. IL, Norwood.
Rea. Frederick J., Norwood.
Riebe, F. C, Webster.
Rose, Edwin F., Bay st., Taun- ton.
Roy, D. F., Maiden.
Russell, Chas. R., Stockbridge.
Shaw, Chas. F., No. Abington.
Slinn, Jas., Fall River.
Stafford, Wm.. Fall River.
Stearns, Geo. H., Greenfield.
Stewart, William J., 67 Brom- field St., Boston.
Sutherland, Geo. A., 67 Brom- fleld St., Boston.
Tailby, W. W., Wellesley.
Thompson, Geo. N., Lenox.
Tucker, Harry A., Ware .
Walsh, M. H., AVoods Holl.
Warburton, C., 81 New Boston Road, Fall River.
Ward, W. S., Salem.
Welch, D., 15 Province st., Bos- ton.
Welch, E. J., 15 Province st., Boston.
AVelch, P., 15 Province st., Bos- ton.
White, John, Pittsfield.
Whitney, Chas. A., Upton.
AVieland, Philip, Park Dept., Boston.
Wingate, Chas. E., 8 "Fulton st., Lawrence.
Winkler, Edw., AYakefiekl.
AVonson, John F., 88 Mt. Pleas- ant ave., E. Gloucester.
AYood, E. A., AVest Newton.
AA^ood, E. M., Natick.
AA^ood, Harvey C'AA^est Newton.
AA'oodford, J. H., Horticultural Hall, Boston.
Zirngiebel, D., Needham.
MICHIGAN.
Thomas Gunson, Agricultural College, Vice-President.
Balsley, Harry, Detroit. Breitmeyer, Philip, Detroit. Brogan, Thos., 26 South Univer- sity ave., Ann Arbor.
Browne, Thos. F., Greenfield. Frueh, Chas., Jr., East Side, Saginaw. [lege, P. O.
Gunson, Thos., Agricultural Col-
122
APPENDIX. MICHIGAN - Continned.
Smith, Elmer D., Adrian. Sullivan, J. F., 220 Woodward ave., Detroit.
Taplin, Stephen, 930 Fort street,
Detroit. Van Bochove, J. K., Kalamazoo.
MINNESOTA.
Fred Busch, Minneapolis, Vice-President.
Busch, Fred, 950 Lyndale ave.
So., Minneapolis. May, L. L., St. Paul.
Swanson, A. S., 117 Endicott ar- cade, St. Paul. Wunder, John, Winona.
MISSOURI.
C. A. KuEHN, St. Louis, Vice-President.
Armstrong, Luther, Kirkwood. Brown, D. S., 2212 De Kalb st.,
St. Louis. [City.
Brown, E. S., Box 99, Kansas Fillmore, F. J., Is'ebraska ave..
South St. Louis. Gurney, Jas., Botanic Garden,
St. Louis. Irish, H. C, Botanic Garden, St.
Louis. Jordan, J. M., 70G Olive st., St.
Louis. Juengel, Chas. A., 1841 South
14th St., St. Louis. Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine st., St.
Louis. Kellogg, Geo. M., Pleasant Hill. Micliel, E. H., Magnolia and
Tower Grove ave., St. Louis.
Mische, Emil, Botanic Garden,
St. Loiiis. Schray, Emil, 4101 Penn. ave.,
St. Louis. Schray, Wm., 4101 Penn ave.,
St. Louis. Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park,
St. Louis. Trelease, Prof. Wm., Missouri
Botanic Garden, St. Louis . Waldbart, Alexander, 3538 Chest- nut St., St. Louis. Weber, F. C, 4326 Olive st., St.
Louis. Wors, C. W., 313 No. Leffingwell
ave., St. Louis. Young, Wm. C, 5507 Waterman
ave., St. Louis.
NEBRASKA.
W. J. Hesser, Plattsmouth, Vice-President.
Donaghue A., 1514 Dodge st.,
Omaha. Hesser, W. J., Plattsmouth.
Taylor, F. W., Paxton Bldg., Omaha.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
F. W. Pane, Durham, Vice-President.
Chase, Benj., Jr., Derry. Ellis, Marcus, Keene. Gaedeke, Aug., Nashua. Hoitt, C. W., Nashua. Karlson, H., Exeter.
Paterson, Eobt., care Hon. Frank Jones, Portsmouth.
Rane, F. W., Agricultural Col- lege, Durham.
NEIV JERSEY.
L. B. CODDiNGTON, Murray Hill and A. Herrington, Madison,
Vice-Presidents.
Asmus, Ernst, West Hoboken. Asnius, Kudolpli, New Durham. Atkins, F. L., Short Hills.
Bobbink, L. C, Rutherford. Boehler, Oscar, AV. Hoboken. Bunyard, H. A., Short Hills.
APPENDIX.
123
NEW JERSEY - Continued.
Butterback, N"., Oceanic. Coddington, L. B., Murray Hill. Dressel, F., Weehawken. Du Eie, W. B., Railway Edwards, Theo. E., Bridgeton. Eisele, J. D., Eiverton. Esler, Andrew, Saddle River. Esler, John G., Saddle River. Herringtoii, A., Madison. Howatt, D. E., 148-156 Randolph
ave., Jersey City. Hulsebosch, A., Englewood. Jones, Hiram T., Elizabeth. Lager, John E., Short Hills. Leuly, E., West Hoboken. Lovett, J. T., Little Silver. Macrorie, D., So. Orange. McMahon, Frank, Seabright.
Manda, Joseph A., Jr., South Orange.
Manda, W. A., South Orange.
May, J. N., Summit.
Mott, Walter, Riverton.
Xash, S. C, Clifton, Passaic Co.
Noe, L. M., Madison.
O'Mara, P., Grand st., Jersey City.
Ouwerkerk, P., 206 Cambridge ave., Jersey City.
Patch, Thos., Short Hills.
Roehrs, Julius, Carlton Hill.
Steinhoff, Herman C, West Ho- boken.
Strohlein, George A., Riverton.
Turnley, C. William, Haddon- field.
NE'W YORK.
Alex. Wallace, I^ew York City and W. F. Kasting, Buffalo,
Vice-Presidents.
Allen, C. H., Floral Park.
Allen, R. W., Hudson.
Armitage, Chas., 233 Mercer st., Xew York.
Ashmead, C. W., care of H. M. Johnson, Bayshore, L. I..
Barclay, John, 54 Dey st.. New York.
Barrj% AVilliam C, Rochester.
Bennett, George E., 382 Clark- son St., Brooklvn.
Boddington, A. T.', 503 W. 13th St., New York.
Burns, Alexander S., Woodside
Burr, M. L., Sawens.
Bussard, Henri, 248 New Union St., Yonkers.
Childs, J. Lewis, Floral Park.
Cleary, J. P., 60 Yesey st., New York.
Cooke, Thos. N., White Plains.
Cottam, Geo. T. N., 344 Pine st.. New York.
Cowell, J. F., Botanic Garden, Buffalo.
Dailledouze, Eugene, Flatbush.
Dailledouze, Henry, Flatbiish.
Dailledouze, Paul," Flatbush.
Dean, James, Babylon.
De La Mare, A. T., Rhinelander Building, New York.
Devoy, Peter T., Poughkeepsie.
Dingwall, John, Troy Road, Al- bany.
Donaldson, John, Newtown, Long Island.
Eckard,"Geo., 321 E. North st., Buffalo.
Eger, William C, 825 Union st., Schenectady.
Elliott, W. J., 54 Dey st.. New York.
Florey, James, Medina.
Fotheringham, John R., Tarry- town.
Gibbons, H. W., 136 Liberty st., New York.
Gindra, David, Poughkeepsie.
Hammond, Benjamin, Fishkill.
Harmon, H. W., Sawens.
Hatcher, John C., Amsterdam.
Henderson, Alfred, 35-37 Cort- landt St., New York.
Henderson, Charles, 35-37 Cort- landt St., New York.
Henshaw, Sam'l, Botanical Gar- dens, Bronx Park, NewYork.
Hewson, C. J., 1673 Abbott Road, Buffalo.
Herrmann, A., 404-412 E. 34th St., New York.
Hoffman, H. N., Elmira.
Jansen, Ed., 124 West 19th st., NewYork.
Johnson, Mrs. Fred H., 45 Whit- ney ave., Olean.
Joosten, C. H., 193 Greenwich St., New York.
124
APPENDIX.
NEW^ YORK - Continued.
Kadletz, J., Doiigan Hills. Kasting, W. F., 495 Washington
St., Buffalo. Katoll, Fred, 121 Linwood ave.,
Buffalo. Keller, Fred, Bay Kidge. Keller, J. M., Bay Kidge. Knickman, C. B., 404 E. 34th st.,
New York. Knight, C. W., Glen Cove. Koft'man, E., Walden, Orange
Co. Krause, H. M., Glen Island. Kretschmar, H. G., Box 99, West
Nyack. Krick, W. C, 1287 Broadway,
Brooklyn. Kromback, Charles, 181 25th st.,
Brooklyn. Langjahr, A. H., 19 Boerum pL,
Brooklyn. Logan, Jas. M., White Plains. Long, D. B., Buffalo. Lynch, M. J., Poughkeepsie. MacDonald, Peter, 50 W. 30th
St., New York. Mackay, Andrew, Monroe. Manker, Frank, Winsor Terrace,
Brooklyn. Marc, C. J., Woodside. McMillan, William, Buffalo. Mellis, D. Y., Flatbush. Merwin, R. L., 88 Wall st.. New
York. Miller, A. L., Sta. E., Brooklyn. Nelson, A., care F. R. Pierson
Co., Tarry town. Neubrand, E. W., Tarry town. Nilsson, Wm., Woodlawn, New
York. O'Hora, Wm., Huntington Har- bor. Palmer, W. J., 304 Main st., Buf- falo. Palmer, W. J., Jr., 304 Main st.,
Buffalo. Parker, T., 32 So. 6th street,
Brooklyn. Penman, J. Arnot, 7 Warren st..
New York. Pettigrew, J. A., Park Depart- ment, Brooklyn. Pierson, F. R., Tarrytown. Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough. Plumb, Wm., Throgg's Neck. Powell, I. L., Millbrook. Quinlan, P. R., Syracuse. Rath, H. C, Flushing.
Rawson, G. P., Elmira. Reynolds, Herbert J., 136 W.
W. Pulteney St., Corning. Roehrs, Theo., 494 E. 176th st.,
New York Rolker, Jos. E., 52 Dey st., New
York. Rolker, Winfried, 52 Dey st.,
New York. Schmutz, Louis, Clarkson street,
Brooklyn. Scott, John, Keap st., Brooklyn Scott, William, 479 Main st.,
Buffalo. Scott, AY. B., Buffalo. Sexton, S. B., Hyde Park. Shanley, James, 216 25th street,
Brooklyn. Shaw, J. Austin, 926 Fulton st.,
Brooklyn. Sheridan, W. F., 39 W. 28th st.,
New York. Siebrecht, H. A., New Rochelle. Siebrecht, H. A., Jr., New Ro- chelle. Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria. Smith, John, Bayside. Snyder, Anthony J., 215 25th st.,
Brooklyn. Steffens, N., 335 East 21st st.,
New York. Storm, F. A., Bayside. Sutton, E. B., Jr., Babylon. Swan, W. L., Oyster Bay. Sykes, G., 160 5t"h ave.. New York Taylor, J. H., Bayside. Thorne, Samuel, 43 Cedar st.,
New York. Thrall, A. L., Jamestown. Troy, J. H., 365 5th ave.. New
York. Turner, Wm., Tarrytown. Wallace, Alexander, Rhinelander
Building, New York. Ward, C. W., Queens. Weathered, C. B., 143 Centre st,
New York. Weeber, C. G., 114 Chambers st.,
New York. Weimar, E. W., Mt. Vernon. Weir, Fred, Bay Ridge, L. I. Weir, John R., 324 Fulton st,
Brooklyn. Wincott, Wm., Effingham Park,
Bal)ylon. Withers, J. W., Rhinelander
Building, New York.
APPENDIX.
125
HHW YORK
"VVollmers, A., 215 and 217 25th
St., Brooklyn. Wood, L. E., Fishkill. Young, Thomas, Jr., 43 West 28th
St., New York.
Continued.
Zeller, Alfred, Lefferts ave., Brooklyn.
Zeller. Charles, Lefferts ave., Brooklj'n.
Zeller, Emil, Lefferts ave., Brook- lyn.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Bottomley, Eobert, Biltmore. I Deake, Mrs. J. B., 324 Charlotte
Deake, J. W. C, Asheville. st., Asheville.
OHIO.
E. H. CusHMAN, Euclid and H. H. Bitter, Dayton, Vice-Presidents.
Altick, H. M., 1123 No. Main st.,
Dayton. Aul, Fred, Glenville. Bartels, E. C, care J. M. Gasser,
Cleveland. Batten, C. S., So. Charlestown. Baur, P. J., 151 Ansel ave.,
Cleveland. Bayer, Geo., Toledo. Beck, Chas., National Military
Home, Montgomery Co. Berno, Ed., Mansfield. Betscher, C, Canal Dover. Bonsai, J. E., Salem. Brown, Chas., Canton. Brown, Karl, Columbus. Charlesworth, D., 774 Doane st.,
Cleveland. Congdon, A. E., Oberlin. Cushman, E. H., Euclid. Dean, Geo. W., Kent. [land.
Eadie, Jas., 97 Euclid ave., Cleve- Erhardt, Charles, 358 Erie ave.,
Cleveland. Fassett, M. E., Ashtabula. Gaskill, G. W., 212 No. Toledo
ave., Warren. Gasser, J. M., 101 Euclid ave.,
Cleveland. George, E. B., Painesville. George, Kobert, Painesville. Giesy, E. H., Lockland. Gillett, E. G., Cincinnati. Graham, Adam, 2849 Euclid ave.,
Cleveland. Hagenburger, C, Mentor. Hall, W. E., Clyde. Hart, H. A., 1262-1272*Detroit st.,
Cleveland. Heinl, George A., 337 Summit st.,
Toledo. Hippard, E., Youngstown.
Hoyt, A. T., Warren. Imiay, John D., Zanesville. Joseph, Miss Rosa, Pataskala. Knopf, Albert, Columbus. Kramer, L. R., Wooster. Krebs, John, 1609 Loraine st..
Cleveland. Lamborn, Leroy L., Alliance. McCullough, Albert, 134 Walnut
St., Cincinnati. McCullough, J. Chas., 2d and
Walnut sts., Cincinnati. Miller, Geo. L., 12 E. Park J'l.,
Newark. Murphy. Wm., Station F, Cin- cinnati. Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic
St., Cleveland. Porter, AV. A., "W^ooster. Remagen, ,7. W., Lima. Eitter, F. W., Sr., 435 W. North
ave., Davton. Ritter, Herman H., 435 W. North
ave., Dayton. Sandiford, R"obt., Mansfield. Schmitt. A., Glenville. Si grist, J. H,, Toledo. Simmons, A. T., Geneva. Suder, Mrs. E., 304 Summit st.,
Toledo. Ulrich, Lewis, Tiffin. Underwood, W. H., Columbus. Werner, Wm. C. Painesville. Wilhelmy, C. B., Pearl st., Cleve- land. Wilson, Mrs. Ella Grant, G06
Jennings ave., Cleveland. Witterstaetter, A., Toledo. Witterstaetter, Richard, Sedams-
ville. Witthuhn, Fred, cor. Pearl st.,
and Dover ave., Cleveland.
126
APPENDIX.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Jos. Heacock, Wyncote and Gustave Litdwig, Allegheny, Vice-Preside7its.
Anderson, George, 5230 Wood- land ave., Philadelphia.
Bader, John, Allegheny.
Baker, Phebe A., Media.
Baker, W. J., 1430 So. Penn sq., Philadelphia.
Ball, Charles D., Holmeshurg.
Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Phil- adelphia.
Beam, David, Bala P. O., near Philadelphia.
Beatty, H. B., Oil City.
Becker, H. H., Oak Lane, Station A, Philadelphia.
Beckert, Theodore P., Glenfleld.
Berry, Robt. E., Torresdale.
Blind, H. L., West View.
Burke, Geo. W., Dept. of Parks, Pittsburg.
Burki, Fred, Bellevue Post Office, Allegheny County.
Burpee, W. Atlee, 5th and Wil- low sts., Philadelphia.
Burton, John, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.
Bxitz, Geo. C, State College, Centre Co.
Campbell, Edw., Ardmore.
Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.
Cartledge, Thomas, 1514 Chest- nut St., Philadelphia.
Connell, Benj., West Grove.
Connor, D. T., Lansdowne.
Cox, C. W., Second and Bristol sts., Philadelphia.
Craig, Geo., 211 South 11th st., Philadelphia.
Craig, Robert, 49th and Market sts., Philadelphia.
Crall, Chas. S., Monongahela.
Dillon, J. L., Bloomsburg.
Downs, Alex., Wissahickon Hts. Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.
Dreer, William E., 714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.
Eicholz, Henry, Waynesboro.
Eisele, C, 11th and Jefferson sts., Philadelphia.
Eisele, John G., 20th. and Onta- rio sts., Philadelphia.
Evenden, Geo. W., 408 East 3d St., Williamsport.
Eahrenwald, Adolph, Wyncote P. 0., Mont. Co.
Falconer, Wm., Supt. of Parks, Pittsburg.
Fancourt, George E., Wilkes- barre.
Habermehl, John P., 22d and Diamond sts., Philadelphia.
Hageman, Wm., 18th and Dau- phin sts., Philadelphia.
Hahman, F., Harrowgate Lane, Frankford, Philadelphia .
Hamburger, Simon, 811 Fair- mount ave.
Harper, Wm. Warner, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.
Harris, W. K., 55th st. and Springfield ave., Philadelphia
Heacock, Joseph, Wyncote.
Henkel, Fred, West View.
Herr, Albert M., P. O. Box 338, Lancaster.
Herron, John, Allegheny. [Co.
Hess, Chas. C, Phillipsburg, Ctr.
Hostetter, E. P., Manheim.
Joyce, Morris A., Pottsville.
Kahlert, C. W., 1514 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.
Kift, Joseph, Westchester.
Kift, Robert, 1721 Chestnut st., Philadelphia.
Kleinhans, Howard P., Easton,
Kletzly, J., Verona.
Krueger, Augustus, Meadville.
Langhans, T. P., 190 North Ave., Allegheny.
Lauch, Wm. F., Carrick P; O., Allegheny.
Leow, Wm., 84 East st., Alle- gheny.
Loban, John, Harrisburg.
Lonsdale, Edwin, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.
Ludwig, E. C, Allegheny.
Ludwig, Gustave, 208 Allegheny. Market, Allegheny.
Ludwig, J. W., Allegheny.
Lvnch, P. J., West Grove.
Maule, Wm. H., 1711 Filbert st., Philadelpia.
Mayer, Jacob M., Lancaster.
McFarland, J. Horace, Harris- burg.
McLean, Geo., 4217 Haverford ave., Philadelphia.
Michell, H. F., 1018 Market st., Philadelphia.
APPENDIX.
127
PENNSYLVANIA - Continued.
Miller, -J. P., Allegheny.
Moon, S. C, Morrisville.
Moon, W. H., Morrisville.
Murdock, A. M., 510 Smithfield St., Pittsburg.
O'Brien, M. I., Sharon.
Oesterle, George, So. Highland and Baum sts., Pittsburg.
Paget, John, Lochiel Park, Har- risburg.
Pennoek, C. J., Kennett sq.
Randolph, P. S., Pittsburg.
Reineman, E. C, 305 Lowry st., Allegheny.
Rice, M., 25 N". 4th St., Philadel- phia.
Rockwell, W. C, Bradford.
Rohrer, A. D., Lancaster.
Rohrer, H. D., Lancaster.
Rosen gren, J. A., Monongahela City.
Rust, David, Hort. Hall, Phila- delphia.
Rutty, J., 517 Banango st., Phil- adelphia.
Schmid, Louis, DeHaven P. O., Allegheny Co.
Schwartz, J., Brighton Road, Allegheny City.
Schroyer, Geo. W., Lancaster.
Scott,' A. B., 19th and Catharine sts., Philadelphia.
Shellem. John A., 17th and Tasker sts., Philadelphia.
Shelmire, W. R., Avondale.
Sibson, J. F., Gerniantown.
Siebert, Chas. T., Stanton ave., Station B., Pittsburg.
Skidelsky. S. S., 1201 X. 25th st., Philadelphia.
Smith, A.W., Boggs ave., Pitts- burg.
Strong, 0. H., Oil City.
Swayne, William, Kennett sq.
Taplin, W. H., Holmesburg.
Tong, Herbert, Erie.
Walker, John, 49th and Market sts., Philadelphia.
AVatson, George C, 43 X. 10th St., Philadelphia.
Wescott, John, Ridge and Le- high aves., Philadelphia.
Wescott, William H., Ridge and Lehigh aves., Philadelphia.
Wildey, J. L.. 2752 Howard st., Philadelphia.
Williams, E. W., Pittsburg.
Wilson, Davis, Chester.
Winters, Thomas J., 1016 Com- merce St., Harrisburg.
Wintzer, A., West Grove.
Young, John W., Frank st., Germantown.
RHODE ISLAND.
Thos. J. Gibson, iSTewport, Vice-President.
Appleton, W., Jr., 294 Broad- way, Providence.
Butcher, William, 20 Pitman st., Providence.
Byrnes, Peter S., Wickford.
Chappell, W. E. 333 Branch ave., Providence.
Christie, Robt., Newport.
Cowles, Jas. S., Newport.
Gibson, Thos. J., Bellevue ave., Newport.
Greene, R. W., Warwick.
Johnson, George, 18 Earl st.. Providence.
Jurgens, Carl, Newport.
Laurie, Robt., Newport.
Leach, Herbert A., Pawtucket. Leach, M. J., Pawtucket. MacLellan, Alex, Ruggles ave.,
Newport. Martin, Alvertus, 147 Waterman
St., Olneyville. Macrae, Farquhar, 1138 Smith
St., Providence. Millar, A., -595 Pawtucket ave.,
Pawtucket. Munroe, W. Graham, By-the-Sea,
Newport. Rennie, A. M., 6 Exchange place,
Providence. Renter, S. J., Westerly.
TENNESSEE.
Meyer, Herman, Carthage.
128
Evans, R. E., Salt Lake City.
APPENDIX. UTAH.
VERMONT.
D. McGiLLiVRAY, Brattleboro, Vice-President.
Eay, P. J., Shelburne. Mass, Geo. H., Woodstock. McGillivray, D., Brattleboro.
Wilson, John, 124 Church st., Burlington.
VIRGINIA.
Davis, W. S., Box 2, Purcellville. | Whelan, F. A., Mt. Yernon.
"WEST VIRGINIA.
Heihle, G. Adolph, Parkersburg.
WISCONSIN.
C. C. POLLWOKTH, Milwaukee, Vice-President,
Ellis, AV. H., 137 Oneida st., Mil- waukee.
Freytag, J., Forest Home ave., Milwaukee.
Haentze, E., Fond du Lac.
Pike, Mrs. Chas. W., 408 Main St., Racine.
Pollworth, C. C, Box 75, Mil- waukee.
Salzer, John A., La Crosse.
Turner, Lewis, Kenosha.
Whitnall, C. B., 1184 Humboldt ave., Milwaukee.
Zweifel, X., 14th st. and Groel- ing ave., Milwaukee.
DOMINION OF CANADA
ONTARIO.
"VV. Gammage, London, Vice-President.
Ewing, A. H., I^ormal School,
Toronto. Foster, F. G., Jr., 72 King st.,
W., PLamilton. Gammage, W., 213 Dundas st.,
London.
Humber, J. W., 119 Dundas st., London.
McLean, H. C, St. Thomas.
Pegler, John, Ealing P. O., Lon- don.
QUEBEC.
Campbell, C, 48 Beaver Hall Hill, Montreal.
IRELAND.
Dickson, Hugh, 55 Royal ave., Belfast.
BELGIUM.
D'Heleneveld, C. H., Contich.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF MEMBERS.
Allen, C. H., Floral Park, N. Y.
Allen, R. W., Hudson, N. Y.
Altick, H. M., 1123 No. Main st., Dayton, O.
Anderson, George, 5230 Wood- land ave., Philadelphia, Pa.
Anderson, George M., Wayside Farm, Milton, Mass.
Anderson, Jas., Swampscott, Mass.
Appleton, W., Jr., 294 Broad- way, Providence, R. I.
Armitage, Chas., 233 Mercer st., New York, N. Y.
Armstrong, Luther, Kirkwood, Mo.
Ashmead, C. W., care of H. M. Johnson, Bayshore, L. I., N. Y,
Asmus, Ernst, West Hoboken, N. J. [N. J.
Asmns, Rudolph, New Durham,
Atkins, F. L., Short Hills, N. J.
Aul, Fred, Glennville, O.
Austin, Ed., Suffield, Conn.
Bader, John, Allegheny, Pa. Bahr, F. G., Davenport, la. Baker, W. J., 1430 So. Penn sq.,
Philadelphia, Pa. Baker, Phebe A., Media, Pa. Ball, Charles D., Holmesburg,
Pa. Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Phil- adelphia, Pa. Balsley, Harry, Detroit, Mich. Barclay, John, 54 Dey st., New
York, N. Y. Barry, William C, Rocliester,
N, Y. Bartels, F. C, care J. M. Gasser,
Cleveland, O. Batten, C. S., So. Charlestown, O- Baumer, Aug. R., Louisville,
Ky. Baur, P. J., 151 Ansel ave.,
Cleveland, O. Baur, S. A., Rockford, HI. Bayer, Geo., Toledo, O. Baylis, L. E., 32d and Market
sts., Wilmington, Del. Beals, E. B., Greenfield, Mass. Beatty, H. B., Oil City, Pa.
Beck, Chas., National Military
Home, Montgomery Co., O. Becker, Frank, 1730 Cambridge
St., Cambridge, Mass.
Becker, H. H., Oak Lane, Station
A, Philadelphia, Pa. [Pa.
Beckert, Theodore F., Glenfield,
Beam, David, Bala P. O., near
Philadelphia. Pa. Bennett, George E., 382 Clark- son St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Berno, Ed., Mansfield, O. Berry, Robt. E., Torresdale, Pa. Bertermann, John, Indianapolis,
Ind. Bertermann, William G., Tn-
dianapolis, Ind. Bester, William, 205 So. Potomac
St., Hagerstown, Md. Betscher, C, Canal Dover, O. Bindloss, T. Palmer, New Lon- don, Conn. Blind, H. L., West View, Pa. Blomberg, Carl, No. Easton,
Mass. Bobbink, L. C, Rutherford,
N. J. Bock, W. A., North Cambridge,
Mass. Boddington, A. T., 503 W. 13th
St., New York, N. Y. Boehler, Oscar, W, Hoboken,
N. J. Bonsai, J. E., Salem, O. Bottomley, Robert, Biltmore,
N. C. Brague, L. B., Hinsdale, Mass. Brainard, Chas., Thompsonville,
Conn. Brainard, D. Wm., Pease st.,
Thompsonville, Conn. Breed, E. W., Clinton. Mass. Breitmeyer, Philip, Detroit,
Mich. Brogan, Thos., 26 South Univer- sity ave., Ann Arbor, Mich. Brown, A. C, Springfield, 111. Brown, Chas., Canton, O. Brown, D. S., 2212 DeKalb st.,
St. Louis, Mo. Brown, Karl, Columbus, O. Brown, R. S., Box 99, Kansas City, Mo.
130
APPENDIX.
Browne, Thos. ¥., Greenfield, Mich.
Buettner, Emil, Park Ridge, 111.
Buckbee, H. W., Rockford, 111.
Bullock, Mrs. E. M., Elkhart,
Bunyard, H. A., Short Hills, N. J.
Burki, Fred, Bellevue Post Office, Allegheny County, Pa.
Burke, (leo. W., Dept. of Parks, Pittsburg, Pa. [N. Y.
Burns, Alexander S., Woodside,
Burpee, W. Atlee, 5th and Wil- low sts., Philadelphia, Pa.
Burr, M. L., Sawens, ]S'. Y.
Burton. John, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.
Busch, Fred, 950 Lyndale ave. So., Minneapolis, Minn.
Bussard, Henri, 248 New Union St., Yonkers, N. Y.
Butcher, William, 20 Pitman st., Providence, R. I.
Butterback, I^., Oceanic, i!^. J.
Butter worth, J. T., So. Framing- ham, Mass.
Butz, Geo. C, State College, Centre Co., Pa.
Byrnes, Peter S.,Wickford, R. I.
Cameron, Robt., Botanic Garden,
Cambridge, Mass. Campbell, C, 48 Heaver Hall
Hill, Montreal, Que. Campbell, Edw., Ardmore, Pa. Carmody, J. D., Evansville, Ind. Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut
St., Philadelphia, Pa. Cartledge, Thomas, 1514 Chest- nut St., Philadelphia, Pa. Chadwick, W. H., 402 Rialto,
Chicago, 111. Champion, J. N., New Haven,
Conn. Chappell, W. E., 333 Branch ave..
Providence, R. I. Charlesworth, D., 774 Doane st.,
Cleveland, O. Charter, Mrs. H. E., Meriden,
Conn. Chase, Benj., Jr., Derry, N. H. Chase, Chas. S., Elm st., Dighton,
Mass. [N. Y.
Childs, J. Lewis, Floral Park, Christie, Robt., Newport, R. I. Clack, Sidney, Menlo f^ark, Cal. Clapp, E. B., 169 Boston street.
South Boston, Mass. Clark, John, Jos. Breck & Sons
Corp., Boston, Mass.
Clark, William, 318 E. Platte
ave., Colorado Springs, Col. Cleary, J. P., 60 Vesey st., New
York, N. Y. [N. J.
Coddington, L. B., Murray Hill, Coenen, Jos., Louisville, Ky. Coles, W. W., Kokomo, Ind. Comley, James, Lexington,
Mass. Congdon, A. R., Oberlin, O. Connell, Benj., West Grove, Pa. Connor, D. T., Lansdowne, Pa. Cook, H. A., Shrewsbury, Mass. Cook, John, 318 North Charles
St., Baltimore, Md. Cooke, Thos. N., White Plains,
N. Y. Coombs, John, 118 Benton st.,
Hartford, Conn. Cottam, Geo. T. N., 44 Pine st.,
New York, N. Y. Cotter, Lawrence, Dorchester,
Mass. Coventry, M. J., Fort Scott,
Kan. Cowell, J. F., Botanic Garden,
Buffalo, N. Y. Cowles, Jas. S., Newport, R. I. Cox, C. W., Second and Bristol
sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Cox, Thomas A., Olney st., Dor- chester, Mass. Craig, Geo., 211 South 11th st.,
Pliiladelphia, Pa. Craig, Robert, 49th and Market
sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Crall, Chas. S., Monongahela,
Pa. Crawford, H. F., 975 N. Main st.,
Brockton, Mass. Cushman, E. IL, Euclid, O.
Dailledouze, Eugene, Flatbush,
N. Y. Dailledouze, Henry, Flatbush,
N. Y. ■ [N. Y.
Dailledouze, Paul, Flatbush, Davis, W. S., Box 2, Purcellville,
Va. Dawson, Jackson, Jamaica Plain,
Mass. Deake, J. W. C, Asheville, N. C. Deake, Mrs. J. B., 324 Charlotte
St., Asheville, N. C. Dean, Geo. W., Kent, O. Dean, James, Babylon, N. Y. De La Mare, A. T., Rhinelander
Building, New York, N. Y. Devoy, Peter T., Poughkeepsie,
N. Y.
APPENDIX.
131
D'Heleiieveld, C. H., Contich, Belgium.
Dickson, Hugli, 5.5 Royal ave., Belfast, Ireland.
Dillon, J. L., Bloomsburg, Pa.
Dingwall, John, Troy Eoad, Al- bany, N. Y. [Me.
Dirwanger, Albert, Portland,
Dirwanger, Joseph A., 719 Con- gress St., Portland, Me.
Donaghue A., 1514 Dodge st., Omaha, Neb.
Donald, Wm., Corey st., W. Eox- bury, Mass.
Donaldson, John, Xewtown, Long Island, N. Y.
Donn, John, Erdman ave., Bal- timore, Md.
Donoghue, P. J., Lenox, Mass.
Dorner, Fred, Lafayette, Ind.
Downs, Alex., Wissahickon Hts. Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.
Doyle, W. E., 43 Tremont street, Boston, Mass.
Dreer, William F., 714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Dressel, F., Weehawken, N. J.
Durfee, Benj., "Washington, D. C.
Du Rie, W. B., Rahwav, N. J.
Dyer, H. W., South Portland, Me.
Eadie, Jas., 97 Euclid ave., Cleve- land, 0.
Eckard, Geo., 321 E. North st., Buffalo, N. Y.
Edgar, William W., Waverly, Mass. [N. J.
Edwards, Theo. E., Bridgeton,
Eger, William C, 825 Union st., Schenectady, N. Y.
Eicholz, Henry, Waynesboro, Pa.
Eisele, C, llth and Jefferson sts., Philadelphia, Pa.
Eisele, J. D., Riverton, N. J.
Eisele, John G., 20th and Onta- rio sts., Philadel]>hia, Pa.
Elliott, W. H., Brighton, Mass.
Elliott, W. J., 54 Dey st., New York, N. Y.
Ellis, Marcus, Keene, N. H.
Ellis, W. H., 137 Oneida st., Mil- waukee, Wis.
Erhardt, Charles, 358 Erie ave., Cleveland, 0.
Ernest, Wm. H., 28th and M. sts., N. E., Washington, D. C.
Ernst, Otto J., Est. G. Gedul- dig, Norwich, Conn.
Esler, Andrew, Saddle River,
N. J. [N. J.
Esler, John G., Saddle River, Evans, J. A., Richmond, Ind. Evans, R. E., Salt Lake City,
Utah. Evenden, Geo. W., 408 East 3d
St., Williamsport, Pa. Ewell, Warren, 38 Wayland st.,
Roxbury, Mass. Ewing, A. "H., Normal School,
Toronto, Ont.
Fahrenwald, Adolph, Wyncote P. O.. Mont. Co., Pa.
Fairbank, A. N., Webster, Mass.
Falconer, Wm., Supt. of Parks, Pittsburg, Pa.
Fancourt, George E., Wilkes- barre. Pa.
Farquhar, Robt.. IG So. Market St., Boston, Mass.
Fassett, M. E., Ashtabula, O.
Fay, P. J., Shelburne, Vt.
Fewkes, A. H., Newton High- lands, Mass.
Fillmore, F. J., Nebraska ave.. South St. Louis, Mo.
Fletcher, Fred W., Auburndale, Mass.
Florey, James, Medina, N. Y.
Foster, F. G., Jr., 72 King st., W., Hamilton, Ont.
Foster, L. H., 45 King st., Dor- cliester, Mass.
Fotheringham, John R., Tarry- town, N. Y.
Freytag, J., Forest Home ave., Milwaukee, Wis.
Frueh, Chas., Jr., East Side, Saginaw, Mich.
Fuller, J,, Leominster, Mass.
Gaedeke, Aug., Nashua, N. H. Galvin, John, 124 Tremont st.,
Boston, Mass. Gammage, W., 213 Dundas st.,
London, Ont. Gaskill, g: W., 212 No. Toledo
ave., Warren, O. Gasser, J. M., 101 Euclid ave.,
Cleveland, O. Gauges, Philip, Botanic Garden,
Washington, D. C. Gause, G. E., Richmond. Ind. Gentemann, C. F.W.,Quincy, 111. George, E. B., Painesville, O. George, Robert, Painesville, O. Gibbons, H. W., 136 Liberty st..
New York, N. Y.
132
APPENDIX.
Gibson, Thos. J., Bellevue ave., Newport, R. I.
Giesv, E. H., Lockland, O.
Gillett, E. G., Cincinnati, O.
Gilmore, A. S., Westboro, Mass.
Gindra, David, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Goodell, L. W., Dwiglit, Mass.
Gordon, Geo., Beverly, Mass.
Graliam, Adam, 2849 Euclid ave., Cleveland, O.
Grant, G. L., 322 Dearborn st., Chicago, 111.
Greene, W., Box 58, Davenport, la.
Greene, R. W., Warwick, R. I.
Grey, Thos. J., 49 and 50 So. "Market st., Boston, Mass.
Gude, Adolphus, 1224 F St., Washington, D. C.
Gude, Wm. F., 1224 F st., Wash- ington, D. C.
Guien, A., 1483 Broad st., Au- gusta, Ga.
Guinevan, D. H., Beverly, Mass.
Gunson, Thos., Agricultural Col- lege, P. O., Mich.
Gurney, Jas., Botanic Garden, St. Louis, Mo.
Habermehl, John P., 22d and Diamond sts., Philadelphia, Pa.
Sabison, Geo., Brighton, Mass.
Haentze, E., Fond du Lac, Wis.
Hageman, Wm., 18th and Dau- phin sts., Philadelphia, Pa.
Hagenburger, C, Mentor, O.
Hahman, F., Harrowgate Lane, Frankford, Philadelphia, Pa.
Hahn, Gottlob, Embla Park, Bal- timore, Md.
Hall, ^¥. E., Clyde, O.
Halliday, Robt., 11 E. Baltimore St., Baltimore, Md.
Hamburger, Simon, 811 Fair- mount ave.. Pa.
Hammond, Benjamin, Fishkill, N. Y.
Harkett, W. A., Dubuque, la.
Harmon, H. W., Sawens, N. Y.
Harper, Wm. Warner, Chestnut Hill,, Philadelphia, Pa.
Harris, F. L., Wellesley, Mass.
Harris, W. K., 55th st. and Springfield ave., Philadel- phia, Pa.
Hart, H. A., 1262-1272 Detroit st., Cleveland, O. [N. Y.
Hatcher, John C, Anasterdam,
Hayden, E., Marblehead, Mass. Haynes, J. C, Boston, Mass. Heacock, Joseph, Wyncote, Pa. Heihle, G. Adolph, Parkersburg,
W. Va. Heinl, George A., 337 Summit st.,
Toledo, O. Heller, J. A., 1117 JSTorth 8th St.,
Quincy, 111. Henderson, Alfred, 35-37 Cort-
landt St., New York, N. Y. Henderson, Charles, 35-37 Cort-
landt St., New York, N. Y. Henkel, Fred, West View, Pa. Henshaw, Sam'l, Botanical Gar- dens, Bronx Park, NewYork,
N. Y. Herr, Albert M., P. O. Box 338,
Lancaster, Pa. Herrington, A., Madison, N. J. Herrmann, A., 404-412 E. 34th
St., New York, N. Y. Herron, John, Allegheny, Pa. Hess, Chas. C, Phillipsburg, Ctr.
Co., Pa. Hesser, W. J., Plattsmouth,
Neb. Hews, A. H., North Cambridge,
Mass. Hewson, C. J., 1673 Abbott
Road, Buffalo, N. Y. Hill, E. Gurney, Richmond, Ind. Hill, Morris A., Ansonia, Conn. Hippard, E., Youngstown, O. Hitz, John, 917 R. st., N. W.,
Washington, I). C. Hoffman, H. N., Elmira, N. Y. Hoitt, C. W., Nashua, N. H. Holbrow, C. E., Brighton, Mass. Hopkins, Frank E., Salem, Mass. Horan, Stephen D., Bridgeport,
Conn. Hostetter, E. P., Manheim, Pa. Howard, J. W., Somerville, Mass. Howatt, D. E., 148-156 Randolph
ave., Jersey City, N. J. Hoyt, A. T., Warren, O. Hulsebosch, A.,Englewood, N. J. Humber, J. W., 119 Dundas st.,
London, Out. Huss, J. r.,Ventfort Hall, Len- ox, Mass. Hutson, A. R., Brighton, Mass.
Imlay, John D., Zanesville. O. Ingram, Chas., Reading, Mass. Ireland, R. D., 246 Boylston St.,
Boston, Mass. Irish, H. C, Botanic Garden, St.
Louis, Mo.
APPENDIX.
133
Jansen, Ed., 124 West 19th st.,
New York, N. Y. Johnson, Frank, Menlo Park,
Box 49, Cal. Johnson, Mrs. Fred H., 45 Whit- ney ave., Olean, jST. Y. Johnson, George, IS Earl st.,
Providence, E. I. Jones, Hiram T., Elizabeth, jST. J. Joosten, C. H., 193 Greenwich
St., New York, N. Y. Jordan, J. M., 706 Olive St., St.
Louis, Mo. Joseph, Miss Rosa, Pataskala, 0. Joyce, Morris A., Pottsville, Pa. Juengel, Chas. A., 1841 South
14th St., St. Louis, Mo. Junkins, Geo. S., Lawrence,
Mass. Jurgens, Carl, Newport, E. I.
Kadletz, J., Dongan Hills, N. Y. Kahlert, C. W., 1514 Chestnut
St., Philadelphia, Pa. Kanst, Fred, South Park, Chi- cago, 111. Karlson, H., Exeter, N. H. Kasting, W. F., 495 Washington
St., Buffalo, N. Y. Katoll, Fred, 121 Linwood ave.,
Buffalo, N. Y. Keller, Fred, Bay Ridge, N. Y. Keller, J. M., Bay Eidge, N. Y. Kellogg, Geo. M., Pleasant Hill,
Mo. Kemble, W. E., Oskaloosa, la. Kift, Joseph, Westchester, Pa. Kift, Eobert, 1721 Chestnut st.,
Philadelphia, Pa. King, F. J., Ottawa, 111. King, Geo. T., 145 Arlington st.,
Hyde Park, Mass. King, W. H., Langdon, D. C. Kleinhans, Howard P., Easton,
Pa. . Kletzly, J., Verona, Pa. Knapp, W. H., Newtonville,
JMass. Knickman, C. B., 404 E. 34th st.,
New York, N. Y. Knight, C. W., Glen Cove, N. Y. Knopf, Albert, Columbus, O. Koffman, E., Walden, Orange
Co., N. Y. Kramer, Judson A., Cedar Eap-
ids, la. Kramer, L. E. Wooster, O. Krause, H. M., Glen Island,
N. Y. Krauss, F. G., Menlo Park, Cal.
Krebs, John, 1609 Loraine st.,
Cleveland, O. Kretschmar, H. G., Box 99, West
Nyack, N. Y. Krick, W. C, 1287 Broadway,
Brooklyn, N. Y. Krueger, Augustus, Meadville,
Pa. Kromback, Charles, 181 25th st.,
Brooklyn, N. Y. Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine st., St.
Louis, Mo.
Lager, John E., Short Hills, N. J. Laisle, Christ, Keokuk, la. Lamborn, Leroy L., Alliance, O. Lange, Albert H., Worcester,
Mass. Lange, Carl C, Worcester, Mass. Lange, H. F. A., Worcester,
Mass. Langhans, T. P., 190 North Ave.,
Allegheny, Pa. Langjahr, A. H., 19 Boerum pi.,
Brooklyn, N. Y. Lauch, AVm. F., Carrick P. O.,
Allegheny, Pa. Laurie, Eobt., Newport, E. I. Leach, Herbert A., Pawtucket,
E. L Leach, M. J., Pawtucket, E. I. Lee, Thos., Del Monte Garden,
Monterey, Cal. Leow, Wm., 84 East st., Alle- gheny, Pa. Leuly, E., West Hoboken, N. J. Leveque, Thos. A., 672 E. Globe
St., Fall Eiver, Mass. Loban, John, Harrisburg, Pa. Logan, Jas. M., White Plains,
N. Y. Long, D. B., Buffalo, N. Y. Lonsdale, Edwin, Chestnut Hill,
Philadelphia, Pa. Loveless, Alfred J., Lenox,
Mass. Lovett, J. T., Little Silver, N. J. Ludwig, E. C., Allegheny, Pa. Ludwig, Gtistave, 208 Allegheny.
Market, Allegheny, Pa. Ludwig, J. W., Allegheny, Pa. Lynch, M. J., Poughkeepsie,
N. Y. Lynch, P. J., West Grove, Pa. Lynch, W. E., 19-21 Randolph
St., Chicago, 111.
MacDonald, Peter, .50 W. 30th
St., New York, N. Y. Mackay, Andrew, Monroe, N. Y,
134
APPENDIX.
MacLellan, Alex, Ruggles ave.,
Newport, R. I. Macrae, Farquhar, 1138 Smith
St., Providence, R. I. Macrorie, D.. So. Orange, N. J. Maitre, R., New Orleans, La. Manda, Joseph A., Jr., South
Orange, N. J. Manda, W. A., South Orange,
:f^. J.
Manker, Frank, Winsor Terrace,
Brooklyn, N. Y. Mann, Mary S., Florence, Mass. Manning, J.Woodward, Reading,
Mass. Manning, AV. H., 125 Treniont st.,
Boston, Mass. Marc, C. J., VVoodside, N. Y. Marshall, Chas. L., Lowell, Mass. Martin, Alvertus, 147 Waterman
St., Olneyville, R. I. Martin, Wm. J., Milton, Mass. Mass, Geo. H., Woodstock, Vt. Masson, J as., Menlo Park, Cal. Mathison, Fred R., Waltham,
Mass. Maule, Wm. H., 1711 Filbert st.,
Philadelphia, Pa. May, J. N"., Summit, N. J. May, L. L., St. Paul, Minn. Mayer, Jacob M., Lancaster, Pa. Maynard, Prof. S. T., Amherst,
Mass. McCarthy, N. F., 84 Hawley st.,
Boston, Mass. McCarthy, T. F., Boston, Mass. McCullough, Albert, 134 Walnut
St., Cincinnati, O. McCullough, J. Chas., 2d and
Walnut sts., Cincinnati, O. McFarland, J. Horace, Harris- burg, Pa. McGillivray, D., Brattleboro,
Vt. McLean, Geo., 4217 Haverford
ave., Philadelphia, Pa. McLean, H. C, St. Thomas, Ont. McMahon, Frank, Seabright.
N. J. McMillan, William, Buffalo,
N. Y. McMulkin, Edw. J., 124 Tremont
St., Boston, Mass. Mellis, D. Y., Flatbush, N. Y. Merrion, J. V., Chicago, 111. Merwin, R. L., 88 Wall St., New
York, N. Y. Meyer, Herman, Carthage, Tenn. Meyer, J. C, 87 Sumner street,
Boston, Mass.
Michel, E. H., Magnolia and
Tower Grove ave., St. Louis,
Mo. Michell, H. F., 1018 Market st.,
Philadelphia, Pa. Millar, A., 595 Pawtucket ave.,
Pawtucket, R. I. Miller, A. L., Sta. E., Brooklyn,
N. Y. Miller, Geo. L., 12 E. Park PL,
Newark, 0. Miller, James L., 882 Western
ave., Lynn, l-Iass. Miller, J. P., Allegheny, Pa. Miller, Wm., 882 Western ave.,
Lynn, Mass. Millman, F. X., Green st. sta- tion, Cumberland, Md. Mische, Emil, Botanic Garden,
St. Louis, Mo. Mitchell, Wm., Menlo Park, Cal. Molloy, William F., Wellesley,
Mass. Montgomery, Alexander, Na-
tick, Mass. Montgomery, Alexander W., Jr.,
Natick, Mass. Moon, S. C, Morrisville, Pa. Moon, W. H., Morrisville, Pa. Moseley, F. C., Neponset, Mass. Mott, Walter, Riverton, N. J. Moulder, Geo. B., Lily Park,
Smith's Grove, Ky. Munroe, W. Graham, By-the-Sea,
Newport, R. I. Murdock, A. M., 510 Smithfleld
St., Pittsburg, Pa. Murdock, H. L., West Gardner,
Mass. Murphy, Wm., Station F, . Cin- cinnati, O.
Nash, S. C, Clifton, Passaic Co.,
N. J. Nelson, A., care F. R. Pierson
Co., Tarrytown, N. Y. Neubrand, E. W., Tarrytown,
N. Y. Newman, J. R., Winchester,
Mass. Nichol, Jas., 29 Coddington st.,
Quincy, Mass. Nicholson, William, Framing- ham, Mass. Nilsson, Wm., Woodlawn, New
York, N. Y. Noe, L. M., Madison, N. J. Norton, M. H., Hotel Berkeley,
Boston, Mass. Nunn, Geo., Menlo Park, Cal.
APPENDIX.
135
O'Brien, Chas. J., 63 Union St., Jamaica Plain, Mass.
O'Brien, M. I., Slaaron, Pa.
Oelschig, A. C, 30^ Bull St., Sa- vannah, Ga.
Oesterle, George, So. Highland and Baum sts., Pittsburg, Pa.
O'Hora, Wm., Huntington Har- bor, N. Y.
O'Mara, P., Grand st., Jersey City, N". J.
Ormsby, E. A., Melrose, Mass.
Ouwerkerk, P., 206 Cambridge ave., Jersey City, !N. J.
Paget, John, Lochiel Park, Har- risburg, Pa.
Palmer, Ernest B., No. Easton, Mass.
Palmer, W. J., Jr., 304 Main St., Buffalo, N. Y.
Palmer, W. J., 304 Main st., Buf- falo, N. Y.
Parker, T., 32 So. 6th street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Pasell, E. H., New Bedford,
Patch, Tlios., Short Hills, N. J.
Paterson, Kobt., care Hon. Frank Jones, Portsmouth, N. H.
Patten, Geo. W., Lowell, Mass.
Patten, M. A., Lowell, Mass.
Paul, Jas. R., Shadow Brook Gar- den, Lenox, Mass.
Pegler, John, Ealing P. O., Lon- don, Out.
Penman, J. Arnot, 7 Warren st., New York, N. Y.
Pennock, C. J., Kennett sq.. Pa.
Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic St., Cleveland. O.
Pettigrew, J. A., Franklin Park, Boston, Mass.
Phelps, H. L., Springfield, HI.
Pierce, William, 232 Union st.. New Bedford, Mass.
Pierson, F. R., Tarry town, N. Y.
Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough, N. Y.
Pike, Mrs. Chas. W., 408 Main St., Racine, Wis.
Playdon, J. H., 35 Lowell st., Andover, Mass.
Plumb, Wm., Throgg's Neck, N. Y.
Pollworth, C. C, Box 75, Mil- waukee, Wis.
Porter, W. A., Wooster, O.
Powell, I. L., Millbrook, N. Y.
Power, E., Frankfort, Ky.
Quinlan, P. R., Syracuse, N. Y.
Randolph, P. S., Pittsburg, Pa. Rane, F. W., Agricultural Col- lege, Durham, N. H. Rath, H. C, Flushing, N. Y. Rawson, G. P., Elmira, N. Y. Rea, Chas. H., Norwood, Mass. Rea, Frederick J., Norwood,
Mass. Reck, John, Bridgeport, Conn. Reineman, E. C, 3U5 Lowry st.,
Allegheny, Pa. Remagen, J. W., Lima, O. Rennie, A. M., 6 Exchange place,
Providence, R. I. Rennison, J. C, Sioux City, la. Renter, S. J., Westerly, R. I. Reynolds, C. Leslie, Botanic
Garden, Washington, D. C. Reynolds, Herbert J., 136 W. ' Pulteney St., Corning, N. Y. Rice, M., 25 N. 4th st., Philadel- phia, Pa. Riebe, F. C, Webster, Mass. Rieman, H. W., Indianapolis,
Ind. Ringier, Arnold, 10 No. Clark
St., Chicago, 111. Ritter, F. W., Sr., 435 W. North
ave., Dayton, O. Ritter, Herman H., 435 W. North
ave., Dayton, O. Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville,
Ky. Rock, Peter, Menlo Park. Cal. Rockwell, W. C, Bradford, Pa. Roehrs, Julius, Carlton Hill,
N- J. Roehrs, Theo., 494 E. 176th st.,
New York, N. Y. Rohrer, A, D., Lancaster, Pa. Rohrer, H. D., Lancaster, Pa. Rolker, Jos. E., 52 Dey st., New
York, N. Y. Rolker, Winfried, 52 Dey st.,
New York, N. Y. Rose, Edwin F., Bay st., Taun- ton, Mass. Rosengren, J. A,, Monongahela
City, Pa. Rowden, Geo. H., Wallingford,
Conn. Roy, D. F., Maiden, Mass. Rudd, W. N., Mt. Greenwood,
111. Rupp, N. J., 297-307 Hawthorne
ave., Chicago, 111.
136
APPENDIX.
Russell, Chas. R., Stockbridge, Mass.
Rust, David, Hort. Hall, Phila- delphia, Pa.
Rutty, J., 517 Banango st., Phil- adelphia, Pa.
Salzer, John A., La Crosse, Wis. Sanders, Edgar, 1G39 Belmont
ave., Chicago, 111. Sandiford, Robt., Mansfield, O. Schmid, Louis, DeHaven P. O.,
Allegheny Co., Pa. Schmitt, A., Glenville. O. Schniutz, Louis, Clarkson street,
Brooklyn, ^. Y. Schray, Emil, 4101 Penn ave.,
St. Louis, Mo. Schray, Wm., 4101 Penn ave.,
St. Louis, Mo. Schrover, Geo. W., Lancaster,
Pa. Schultz, Jacob, 606 Fourth ave.,
Louisville, Ky. Schwartz, J., Brighton Road,
Allegheny City, Pa. Scott, A. B., 19th and Catharine
sis., Philadelphia, Pa. Scott, John, Keap St., Brooklyn,
N. Y. Scott, W. B., Buffalo, K. Y. Scott, William, 479 Main st.,
Buffalo, N. Y. Seidewitz, E. A., 36 W. Lexing- ton St., Baltimore, Md. Sexton, S. B., Hyde Park, N^. Y. Shanley, James, 216 25th street,
Brooklyn, N. Y. Shaw, Chas. P., No. Abington,
Mass. Shaw, J. Austin, 926 Fulton st.,
Brooklyn, N. Y. Shellem, John A., 17th and Tas-
ker sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Shelmire, W. R., Avondale, Pa. Shepard, W. O. H., Pensacola,
Fla. Sheridan, W. F., 39 W. 28th st.,
New York, N. Y. Shuman, Julius, Newport, Ky. Sibson, J. F., Germantown, Pa. Siebert, Chas. T., Stanton ave.,
Station B., Pittsburg, Pa. Siebrecht, H. A., New Rochelle,
N. Y. Siebrecht, H. A., Jr., New Ro- chelle, N. Y. Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria, N. Y. Sievers, J. H., 25 Post St., San
Francisco, Cal.
Sigrist, J. H., Toledo, O. Simmons, A. T., Geneva, O. Skidelsky, S. S., 1201 N. 25th st.,
Philadelphia, Pa. Slinn, Jas., Fall River, Mass. Smith, A.W., Boggs ave., Pitts- burg, Pa. Smith, Elmer D., Adrian, Mich. Smith, John, Bayside, N. Y. Smith, Jos. F., 62 Main st., Nor- wich. Conn. Smith, W. R., Botanic Garden,
Washington, D. C. Smyth, W. J., 270 31st St.,
Chicago, 111. Snyder, Anthony J., 215 25th st.,
Brooklyn, N. Y. Spalding, John, New London,
Conn. Sprague, E. B., Bowdoinham,
Me. Stafford, Wm., Fall River, Mass. Stearns, Geo. H., Greenfield,
Mass. Steffens, N., 335 East 21st st.,
. New York, N. Y. Steinhoff, Herman C, West Ho-
boken, N. J. Stewart, William J., 67 Brom-
field St.. Boston, Mass. Strohlein, George A., Riverton,
N. J. Strong, O. H., Oil City, Pa. Storm, F. A., Bayside, N. Y. Suder, Mrs. E., 304 Summit st.,
Toledo, O. Sullivan, J. F.. 220 Woodward
ave., Detroit, Mich. Sutherland, Geo. A., 67 Brom-
field St., Boston, Mass. • Sutton, E. B., Jr., Babylon,
N. Y. Swan, W. L., Oyster Bay, N. Y. Swanson, A. S., 117 Endicott ar- cade, St. Paul, Minn. Swayne, William, Kennett sq.,
Pa. Sykes, G., 160 5th ave.. New
York, N. Y.
Tailby, W. W., Wellesley, Mass. Taplin, Stephen, 930 Fort street,
Detroit, Mich. Taplin, W. H., Holmesburg, Pa. Taylor, Edw. J., Southport,
Conn. Taylor, F. W., Paxton Bldg.,
Omaha, Neb. Taylor, J. H., Bayside, N. Y. Temple, J. T., Davenport, la.
APPENDIX.
137
Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park,
St. Louis, Mo. Thaden, Herman, Atlanta, Ga. Thompson, Geo. N., Lenox,
Mass. Thorne, Samuel, 43 Cedar st.,
New York, N. Y. Thrall, A. L., Jamestown, N. Y. Tong, Herbert, Erie, Pa. Trelease, Prof. Wm., Missouri
Botanic Garden, St. Louis,
Mo. Troy, J. H., 365 5th ave., New
York, N. Y. Tucker, Harry A., Ware, Mass. Turner, Lewis, Kenosha, Wis. Turner, Wm., Tarrytown, N. Y. Turnley, C. William, Haddon-
field, N. J.
Ulrich, Lewis, Tiffin, O. Underwood, AV. H., Columbus, O.
Yallance, Jas., Livermore, Cal. Van Bocliove, J. E., Kalamazoo,
Mich. Vaughan, J. C, 84-86 Randolph
St., Chicago, 111. Vesey, W. J., Fort Wayne, Ind. Yincent, R., Jr., White Marsh,
P. O., Baltimore Co., Md.
Waldbart, Alexander, 3538 Chest- nut St., St. Louis, Mo. Wallace, Alexander, Rhinelander
Building, New York, N. Y. Walker, John, 49th and Market
sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Walsh, M. H., Woods Holl,
Mass. Warburton, C, 81 New Boston
Road, Fall River, Mass. Ward, C. W., Queens, N. Y. Ward, W. S., Salem, Mass. Watson, George C, 43 N. 10th
St., Philadelphia, Pa. Weathered, C. B., 143 Centre st.,
New York, N. Y. Weber, F. C, 4326 Olive st., St.
Louis, Mo. Weber, Wm., Oakland, Md. Weeber, C. G., 114 Chambers st..
New York, N. Y. Weimar, E.W.,Mt. Vernon, N. Y. Weinhoeber, E., 417 Elm st.,
Chicago, 111. Weir, Fred, Bay Ridge, L. I.,
N. Y. Weir, John R., 324 Fulton st.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Welch, D., 15 Province st., Bos- ton, Mass.
Welch, E. J., 15 Province st., Boston, Mass.
Welch, P., 15 Province st., Bos- ton, Mass.
Werner, Wm. C, Painesville, O.
Wescott, John, Ridge and Le- high aves., Philadelphia, Pa.
Wescott, William H., Ridge and Lehigh aves., Philadelphia, Pa.
Whelan, F. A., Mt. Vernon, Va.
Whitcomb, A., Lawrence, Kan.
White, John, Pittsfleld, Mass.
Whiting, A., Farmington ave., Hartford, Conn.
Whitnall, C. B., 1184 Humboldt ave., Milwaukee, Wis.
Whitney, Chas. A., Upton, Mass.
Wiegand, A., 7th and Illinois sts., Indianapolis, Ind.
Wieland, Philip, Park Dept., Boston, Mass.
Wilcox, J. F., Council Bluffs, la.
Wildey, J. L., 2752 Howard st., Philadelphia, Pa.
Wilhelmy, C. B., Pearl st., Cleve- land, O.
Williams, E. W!, Pittsburg, Pa.
Wilson, Da'vis, Chester, Pa.
Wilson, Jas. S., Western Springs, 111.
Wilson, John, 124 Church st., Burlington, Vt.
Wilson, Mrs. Ella Grant, 606 Jennings ave., Cleveland, O.
Wincott, Wm., Effingham Park, Babylon, N. Y.
Wingate,:,Chas. E., 8 Fulton st., Lawrence, Mass.
Winkler, Edw., Wakefield, Mass.
Winters, Thomas J., 1016 Com- merce St., Harrisburg, Pa.
Wintzer, A., West Grove, Pa.
Wise, L. H., 32.34 Elizabeth st., Denver, Col.
Withers, J. W., Rhinelander Building, New York, N. Y.
Witterstaetter, A., Toledo, O.
Witterstaetter, Richard, Sedams- ville, O.
Witthuhn, Fred, cor. Pearl st. and Dover ave., Cleveland, O.
Wonson, John F., 88 Mt. Pleas- ant ave., E. Gloucester, Mass.
Wood, E. A., West Newton Mass.
Wood, E. M., Natick, Mass.
138
APPENDIX.
Wood, Harvey C, West liTewton,
IVTrss Wood, L.'e., rishkill, N. Y. Woodford, J. H., Horticultural
Hall, Boston, Mass. Wollmers, A., 215 and 217 25tli
St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Wors, C. W., 313 No. Lefflngwell
ave., St. Louis, Mo. Wunder, John, Winona, Minn.
Young, John W., Frank st., Germantown, Pa.
Young, Thomas, Jr., 43 West 28th St., New York, N". Y.
Young, Wm. C, 5507 Waterman ave., St. Louis, Mo.
Zeller, Alfred, Lefferts ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Zeller, Charles, Lefferts ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Zeller, Erail, Lefferts ave., Brook- lyn, N. Y.
Zirngiebel, D., Needham, Mass.
Zweifel, N., 14th st. and Groel- ing ave., Milwaukee, Wis.
CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS
OF THE
5oclety of f\mim plorisis and Omamenlal [iortlcunuiists.
CONSTITUTION.
NAME,
Article I, — This Association shall be known as The Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists.
OBJECTS.
Art II. — The aim of the Society is to lift up and carry forward all that tends to advance the interests of its members.
OFFICERS — THEIR ELECTION.
Art. III. — The Officers of this Society shall consist of a Presi- dent, a Vice-President, a Secretary, a Treasurer, and at least one Vice- President from each State, Territory, or Province represented, all of whom shall be men of commercial integrity. Their term of office shall begin with the first day of January succeeding their election, and shall continue for one year. States having a representation of forty mem- bers or over shall be entitled to two Vice-Presidents. The President, first Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer shall be elected by ballot during the holding of its annual meeting.
The State, Territorial, and Provincial Vice-Presidents shall be elected by ballot by members present from those districts at the annual meeting, the Secretary giving general notice of the hour of such meetings: provided, that when less than three members are pres- ent from any State, such election must be approved by the President. When a State has no representative present, the President shall name a Vice-President, if he deems it advisable. Any Vice-Pi:esident who shall refuse or neglect his duty after one month, may be removed by a majority vote of the Executive Committee, and .another appointed to serve his unexpired term.
EXECUTIVE C0M3IITTEE.
Art. IV. — Between the sessions of the Society, its government shall be vested in an Executive Committee of nine, to which the Presi- dent, Junior ex-President, Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer, as ex^officio members, shall be added. It shall be the duty of this Com- mittee to supervise the program and exhibitions of the Society at its annual meeting, and take such action at this time as in its judg-
140 APPENDIX.
ment may be for the welfare of the Society, sultject to the approval of that body. To this end the Committee shall hold, during the annual meeting, daily sessions at the call of the Secretary.
Members of this Committee shall be appointed by the President, and shall hold their office for three years, three members being appointed each year. Members appointed, who shall decline or fail to serve, may be at once replaced by another appointed by the President, which shall be announced in open session from the Chair (if during the annual session.) Vacancies in the Executive Committee at the annual meeting may be filled temporarily by the President during or previous to the first day of the meeting, and until such regular officers can act.
MEETINGS — LOCATION,
Art. y. — This Society shall hold an annual meeting, commenc- ing on such Tuesday of August as the Executive Committee may think best ; but it must be either the first, second or third, continuing three days, unless the business before the meeting cannot be finished in that time, when the time may be extended by consent of two-thirds of the members present.
The convention shall hold two sessions each day, uninterruptedly, until the business of the Society be completed.
A meeting of the Executive Committee shall be called by the Secretary on request of any three members thereof.
QUORUM.
Art. VI. — Not less than fifty of the members of the Society shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at annual meet- ings of the Society.
SALARIES.
Art. VII. — The Secretary of this Society shall receive as compen- sation for his services the sum of $750.00 per annum.
ELIGIBILITY.
Art. VIII. — All florists, professional and amateur gardeners, seedsmen, nurserymen, superintendents of parks, manufacturers of wares or supplies for florists' use, in the United States and Canada, shall be eligible to membership in this Society.
AMENDMENTS.
Art. IX. — The constitution may be amended or altered at any regular meeting by a two-thirds vote of the members present, notice of such alteration or amendment having been submitted to the Society at a previous meeting or furnished to the Secretary by June 1st preceding the meeting, and published by him in the general programme of the Society, at least three weeks before the annual meeting.
APPENDIX. 141
BY-LAWS.
PRESIDENT.
Section I. — The President, or in his absence the Vice-President, shall preside at all meetings of the Society, and have a general super- vision of its affairs.
SECRETARY.
Sec. II. — The Secretary shall conduct the correspondence of the Society, shall have charge of its papers and reports, and shall make a report annually. He shall also receive, receipt for and remit to the Treasurer, such annual dues as may be paid to him; and shall give a bond in such an amount and with such security as the Executive Com- mittee shall, from time to time, consider sufficient.
TREASURER.
Sec. III. — The Treasurer shall have charge of the funds of the Society, and shall pay all bills when same have been approved by the Secretary. He shall make all transfers and investments under the direction of the Executive Committee, and shall keep a cor- rect record of receipts and disbursements, rendering an account of the same annually to the Society, the same having been duly audited at the preceding meeting of the Executive Committee. He shall give bonds in such sum as the Executive Committee may from time to time deem sufficient, and shall receive for his service such compensation as the Executive Committee may determine. Should a vacancy occur in the office of Treasurer, the President shall appoint a Treasurer pro tempore.
STATE vice-presidents.
Sec. IV. — It shall be the duty of each State Vice-President to make an annual report to the Society of progress and interesting horti- cultural events that have occurred in his State during the preceding year, to assist the officers in the discharge of their duties, and in gen- eral, to promote as best he can, the welfare of the N'ational Society. He shall be the accredited representative of the Society at all meetings and exhibitions of importance in his State.
fees and assessments. Sec. V. — The payment of thirty dollars shall secure a life member- ship in the Society and exempt from all future assessments. Any
142 APPENDIX.
eligible person may become a member for the current year by the pay- ment of five dollars, and such membership may be continued by the payment of an assessment of three dollars in advance each consecutive year. Any annual member in good standing may become a life mem- ber by the payment of twenty-five dollars.
NOMINATIONS AND ELECTIONS.
Sec. VI. — 1. At the stated time for nomination of officers, as given in the program of the annual meeting, the President shall cause to be distributed to every member present, in good standing, a ballot vphich shall read as follows:
Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists.
ISTomination of officers for For President For Yice-President
For Secretary For Treasurer
2. Members shall in the blank spaces so provided insert the names of their candidates for the designated officers. These ballots shall be collected by tellers duly appointed by the Chair, the results tabulated in the presence of the members of the Executive Committee who may be present, and announced by the Secretary; the two nominees receiv- ing the highest number of votes for each office being then declared the candidates for election for the ensuing year.
3. Should either of the two nominees receiving the highest num- ber of votes decline to stand as a candidate, the nominee receiving the next highest number of votes shall be declared a candidate.
4. Should only one member be nominated for any office on the in- formal ballot, he shall be declared sole candidate for such office.
5. The Secretary shall, directly after said announcement, cause to be printed a regular ticket containing the names of the candidates for each office, and at the time appointed for election, the President shall cause these ballots to be distributed to members entitled to vote' who shall cross out all the names on the ticket, except those of their choice, which must be confined to one name for each office.
6. The ballots shall then be collected by tellers duly appointed by the Chair, counted in the presence of the members of the Executive Committee who may be present, and the result announced by the Secretary.
7. A majority of one vote over the next highest candidate shall be sufficient to elect.
8. In case of a tie in the election of officers, the usual parliamen- tary proceedings shall prevail.
SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS.
Sec. VII. — Every resolution involving an appropriation of money, must be referred to the Executive Committee before it can be acted upon; and it shall be the duty of the Committee to report on the same
APPENDIX. 143
at the next session after the one at which such resolution is introduced; provided, however, tliat in case of urgency the Executive Committee may retire for consultation and report at the same session, at which such resolution is introduced.
RESERVE FUND.
Sec. VIII. — Money accruing from life membership payments shall form a Keserve Fund, the interest of which may be appropriated an- nually for general or specific purposes.
ORDER OF BUSINESS.
Sec. IX. — The transaction of business shall be in the following order:
1. Calling to order.
2. President's Address.
3. Keport of Secretary.
4. Keport of Treasurer.
5. Keports of State Vice-Presidents.
6. Reports of Standing Committees.
7. Reports of Special Committees.
8. Unfinished Business.
9. New Business. 10. Adjournment.
ALTERATION OF BY-LAWS.
Sec. X. — The By-laws may be amended by one day's notice, in writing, at any annual meeting, on a two-thirds vote of members present.
Wm. J. Stewart,
Secretary.
^(^
INDEX.
FIKST DAY — OPENING SESSION.
Address of Welcome, Mayor Edwin D. McGuinness 0
Response, W. W. Coles 6
President Graham's Address 8
Societj^'s work should not be limited to one section; the good
example of New England 8
National charter; approval of a change of title; work of the
Tariff Committee 9
Possibilities in American bulb culture; investigation of fer- tilizers 10
Exhibition suggestions; obligations of the trade to the nation- al Society 11
Great progress in oiir business; broad influence of the Society;
relations with auxiliary societies 12
Yalue of Florists' Clubs; tribute to the pioneers; aims for the
future 13
Annual Report of Secretary Stewart 14
Number of present members; losses of and accessions to mem- bership; deaths during past year 14
Meeting of Execntive Committee; sub-committees appointed; question as to the advisability of free publication of Soci- ety's proceedings; the Society's interest in proposed
scheme for fire insurance 15
Problems for the future; how to enlist the sympathy and financial support of the entire trade; heavy correspon- dence 16
Annual Report of Treasurer Beatty 16
Amendments to Constitution and By-Laws 19
Discussion and assignment of subject until the following day.. 20
Report of Committee on Fire Insurance 21
Outlines of proposed plan 21
Discussion on method of organizing; appointment of commit- tee to nominate /Officers 23
Appointment of Exhibition Judges 24
146 appendix.
Eeading of Communications 25
Invitation to meet at Niagara Falls; invitation to Omaha; invitation to Nashville; invitation to Old Point Comfort; memorial in reference to Paris Exposition in 1900; pro- posed Agricultural Congress at Omaha 25
Pan-American Exposition at Niagara Falls in 1899 ; availabil- ity of site for convention purposes 26
Entertainment of Ladies 27
Visit to Swan Point Cemetery 27
FIRST DAY — EVENING.
President's Reception : 27
Complimentary letter from Gov. Dyer 27
SECOND DAY - MORNING SESSION.
Reports of Exhibition Judges 28
A Paper — Root Galls on Cultivated Plants. Prof. B. D.
Halstead, New Brunswick, N. J 29
Various kinds of root galls and their origin 29
Galling of turnip and cabbage ; galls upon clover roots 30
Root gall of the rose ; eel worms ; indications of their pres- ence; precautionary measures 31
Use of lime; value of Kainit; summary 32
Discussion of Paper 32
Experiments by M. I. O'Brien; experience of J. N. May;
effects of heating soil 33
Mr. May takes issue with Prof. Halstead upon the identity of galls found on clover roots and roses; advice by Ben- jamin Hammond; usefulness of lime and nitrate of soda. 34 A Paper — The Florist as Scientist vs. Artisan. F. W.
Rane, Durham, N. H 35
Definition of the term "florist"-^ 35
The meaning of "scientist" and "artisan" as applied to flori- culture 36
Value of scientific education 37
The practical and financial side : 38
The benefits of meetings and discussions 39
A Paper — Trees and Shrubs Grown by Florists. Chas.
J. Dawson, Boston, Mass 39
Ornamenting home grounds; public parks as object lessons;
school groynds and village improvement societies 40
Permanent value of shrubbery plantations; the florists' inter- est in their sale 41
Suggestions as to desirable list of varieties; necessity of a
knowledge of proper planting 42
H. A. Siebrecht's endorsement 43
APPENDIX. 147 SELECTIOlSr OF PLACE OF MEETING FOR 1898 44
Invitations to Detroit; invitations to Niagara Falls for 1899.... 44
Invitations to Omaha 45
Eemarks of F. W. Taylor; speech by Hon. G. E. McLean 46
Mr. McLean depreciates sectionalism; the west ready to wel- come visitors from the east; Benjamin Hammond advises
the Society to go west 47
Mr. Hammond makes a pledge;' Mr. Siebrecht endorses Mr.
Hammond's views and also makes a pledge 48
A general discussion , 49
G. M. Kellogg makes a pledge; F. W. Taylor does the same; Mr. Aylsworth makes an offer for programme privilege;
balloting and selection of Omaha 50
Nomination of Officers 51
SECOND DAY — EVENING.
Lecture — Our Favorite Exotic Plants in Their Own H03IES. Prof. Geo. L. Goodale, Cambridge, Mass 51
THIRD DAY — MORNING.
Report of Nomenclature Committee 53
A Paper— Bedding Plants. J. J. Butler, Newport, R. 1 55
Effectiveness of fibrous rooted begonias; their use in Newport, 55
John N. May's Remarks 56
A. Herrington's endorsement; usefulness of zinnias, balsams
and other annual plants from seed 57
A Paper — A Year's Progress in Roses. M. H. Walsh, Wood's
Holl, Mass 58
Recent valuable introductions; new American seedlings 58
Varieties, Mrs. Robert Garrett, Lillian Nordica and Jubilee, 59
Foreign introductions of merit; progress noted 60
Mr. Craig's views; hardiness of Mosella 61
Election of Officers 62
Appreciative response by President-elect W. F. Gude 63
The Question Box .". 63
"Where shall our future supplies of bulbs come from?"
Paper from C. H. Allen in reply 63
Record of bulb growing at Astoria, N. Y. Success with the narcissus and tulip. Roman hyacinth a weed in Texas
garden 64
North Carolina's adaptability. Possibility of growing Lilium
Harrisii in California; the question of cheap labor 65
Views of John Reck; prices realized in Holland; possibility of forcing bulbs a second time 66
148 APPENDIX.
" What is the best and most profitable plan for constructing a commercial bulb storage house? " Reply by Wm. Scott. The best storage house is a cold frame out-of-doors for Dutch hyacinths; no necessity of a house for tulips 67
Is it desirable to dethorn our popular roses ? Reply by Geo. T. King. The theory of thorny protection to plants 68
Experience in orange growing; successful dethorning of the grape fruit 69
" Would organizing state societies of florists be of any benefit? " Reply by D. B.Long. A negative opinion; three or four sections of the S. A. F. more desirable. Mr. Long's views on the Pan-American Exposition for 1899 70
THIRD DAY — EVENING.
Report of Special Committee on Organization of a Fire
Insurance Co 72
Appointment of a new committee with power to act 72
A Paper — A Year's Progress in Carnations. Wm. Nichol- son, Framingham, Mass 72
Different results with the same variety in dilferent places. Account of western visits at the time of the carnation
convention 72
Progress in seedling raising in the west; visits to Long Island
growers 74
Seedlings in and about Boston; local exhibition in Boston 75
A Paper — Progress in the Retail Trade. Thos. J. Johnston,
Providence, R. 1 76
Gain in methods of selling flowers commercially. The advent
of the street fakir '..... 76
H. A. Siebreclit's views on the subject; disadvantages of high
prices at the holidays 77
Amendments to the Constitution 78
Discussion on change of title; C. W. Turnley objects to pro- posed new name. 78
W. F. Gude approves; W. R. Smith gives reasons for change.. 79 A. Herrington's views; C. W. Hoitt endorses Mr. Smith's
views of the advantage of a national charter 80
Adoption of the new name 81
Adoption of amendments in reference to duties of Treasurer;
fees and assessments; duties of State Vice-Presidents 82
New order of business 83
Reserve Fund 84
The Question Box 84
" What is the best remedy for black spot on roses?" 84
Response by J. N. May! 84
APPENDIX. 149
'* NoA^elties — their place in the trade." Response by Grove P. Rawson 85
"Value of State societies of florists." Reponse by R. Vin- cent, Jr 87
Use of Nicotine. Aster disease 89
Report of Committee on Final Resolutions 90
FOURTH DAY.
Excursion to Newport 91
A drive and a banquet. Presentation to President Graham.... 92
Reports of Exhibition Committees 94
Class A, plants 94
Class B, cut bloom's; Class C, boilers and heating apparatus;
Class D, greenhouse appliances and flower pots 95
Class E, florists' supplies and fancy earthenware; Class F,
bulbs and seeds; Class G, miscellaneous 96
Report of Committee on Medal Awards 97
Report of Superintendent of Exhibition 98
Plant Introductions in America in 1897 101
Roses 101
Carnations 103
Chrysanthemums 104
Cannas 107
Dahlias, geraniums 108
Begonias, sweet peas 109
Miscellaneous 110
Nomenclature Committee for 1898 Ill
Report of Florists' Hail Association of America 112
Report of Chrysanthemum Society of America 116
List of varieties certificated in 1896 117
List of Members by States 118
Alphabetical List of Members 129
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