UMASS/AMHERST « 3i2DhbDDsasamb ,4%r.-t \Sii^V ' 6/4 imp LIBRARY 1 DATE DUE UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY SB 403 se 15th 1S99 ■\ 3^S ■Cf/ferJ^ PROCEEDINGS FIFTEENTH ANNUAL CONVENTION Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, DETROIT, MICHIGAN, August 15th, 1 6th, 17th and 18th, 1899. Copyrighted, 1899, by fm. J. Stewart, Secretary. mjkj**t iwif»-vr.. UN!V?^ OF ■ ' *--■ - ■ r lb OFFICERS OF THE Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists. FOR 1899. President. Vice-President. W. N. Rudd, Mt. Greenwood, Ills. Philip Breitmeyer, Detroit, Mich. Secretary. Wm. J. Stewart, Boston, Mass. Treasurer. H. B. Beatty, Oil City, Pa. Executive Committee. For One Tear: For Two Tears: Elmer D. Smith, Adrian, Mich. E. H. Cushman, Euclid, O. Geo. M. Kellogg, Pleasant Hill, Mo. John H. Taylor. Bayside, N. Y. Edmund M. Wood, Natick, Mass. W. W. Coles, Kokomo, Ind. For Three Tears: C. W. Ward, Queens, N. Y. J. F. Cowell, Buffalo, N. Y. Lawrence Cotter, Dorchester, Mass. FOR 1900. President. Vice-President. E. M. Wood, Natick, Mass. F. R. Pierson, Tarrytown, N. Y. Secretary. Wm. J. Stewart, Boston, Mass. Treasurer. H B. Beatty, Oil City, Pa. Executive Committee. For One Tear: For Two Tears: E. H. Cushman, Euclid, O. C. W. Ward, Queens, N. Y. John H. Taylor, Bayside, N. Y. J. F. Cowell, Buffalo, N. Y. W. W. Coles, Kokomo, Ind. Lawrence Cotter, Dorchester, Mass. For Three Tears: Three Members to be appointed by the President-elect, January 1, 1900. lh\°\ PROCEEDINGS. Detroit, Mich, Tuesday, August 15, 1899. The reputation of Detroit as a model convention city, its acces- sibility by rail, its comparatively cool temperature in midsummer, and the well known generous hospitality of its people, contributed to attract a large gathering of the florists of the country at their fifteenth annual meeting. A feature of the Convention was the National character of the attendance, in which the area of repre- sentation extended over an unusually wide territory. The display of exhibits at the trade exhibition was one of the best in years. An elaborate programme for the entertainment of the visitors had been arranged by the Detroit Florists' Club; the features of which were a trolley ride and a reception to the President of the S. A. F. on the first day, a boat ride on Lake St. Clair and fish sup- per at Star Island on the following day, a shooting contest on the third day, and a bowling contest and visits to greenhouses on the closing day. The display of floral decorations, plants and bunting included an immense triumphal arch in front of the Convention headquar- ters, and an electric ornamentation of the front of the City Hall, with the words, "Welcome Society American Florists." At Harmonie Hall, where the Convention held its sessions, the registering of the visiting delegates, the payment of membership dues and other preliminaries occupied the time until long after the appointed hour for the opening session. Meanwhile, the greater portion of the visiting delegations, with the ladies who accompanied them, repaired to the meeting hall. Mr. Philip Breitmeyer, Vice-President of the S. A. F. and President of the Detroit Florists' Club, called the Convention to 6 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION order, and introduced the Mayor of Detroit, Hon. Wm. C. May- bury, who was cordially greeted. A FORMAL WELCOME AND THE RESPONSE. Mayor Maybury delivered an address of welcome, which was interspersed with the applause of his hearers. He said : Ladies and Gentlemen — I esteem it a great privilege to be here this morning, having just returned from an outing to the northward; and I come back with the feeling that, after all, we need not go very far from Detroit, in the summer time, for an outing for pleasure. We have here, in this beautiful city, that which contributes to the rational pleas- ure of every one. I am glad to see you here this morning, to utter a word of cordial welcome to you and to express the hope that, while you remain with us, you will live in the odor of our most generous hospitality. Here in Detroit we have good times and hard times; we have railroad time and some other times, but there is just one kind of a time that we want you to have, and that is a good time. Dear friends, that is a time which the hands of the clock do not govern; you control and make that time; you cannot make it, to please us, too good for your- selves; and we will be close by to help you make it a royal good time. Perhaps I might voice this welcome as 1 would voice the welcome that comes with the springtime. Our winters are long here; the snow and ice linger long, almost until the May-day at times, and the first precursors of the coming summer appear in the form of little, unpretentious flowers. The passer-by would scarcely notice them, but, thinking of the summer, he is watching for an evidence of its coming. Here and there, coming almost in a night and from a source that no man discovers, we see the little, modest daisy. It seems to peep out from the melting snow, and to say, "Am I welcome?" And the hearts of those who have suffered through the cold winter, with its cares and anxieties, respond to the pretty stranger, "Yes, you are very, very wel- come." As that flower is to the promise of the summer, so is your coming to us; and as you look into our faces and ask the question, "Are we welcome?" I respond, as does the watcher for the coming of the rose, "Yes, you are very, very welcome." You are welcome also because of the purpose for which you come. It is peculiar to these times that people who have a secret, whether it is in the propagating of the rose or the vine, or a secret in any art. do not lock it up in their hearts, as they used to do in the olden times and say, "This is mine, and I shall keep this secret, carry it with me and make merchandise of it." The world is not content to allow any man who has such a secret to keep it for himself. He must recognize himself as a trustee of the Almighty; and that secret of his business, if SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 7 as in your case, it is to make the flower larger and prettier and to add to its perfume, he has no right to keep. And you are here to-day for the purpose of giving it to your fellows, instead of keeping it. We read of "the lost arts" in this world; we believe that the world has from time to time come up to the high tide of art, and then it seemed suddenly to recede again. That was due wholly to the fact that men were selfish in those days. The physician who had an antidote for a disease never prescribed or revealed it to anybody until, passing away, the secret died with him. The descendants of old Vulcan and Tubal- cain, many a time in the history of the world, learned to temper iron and make it strong and pliable; they made the Damascus blade; and in the relics of iron and steel, away off in those centuries, were secrets that we did not discover until this day. Had Mr. Bessemer, in this day, tried to keep as a secret the art of annealing steel and making it pliable, he would not have become the honored head of the steel indus- try; but he gave it to the world, we all reap the benefit, of it, and he has lost none of the reward which was justly due him. No, my friends, the time never was in this world as it is now, when people came to- gether to exchange the best that is in art and seemed to delight in having the world to benefit by the results they had achieved. This is a peculiarity of the age in which we live — the best age, in my judgment, that the world has ever seen. But how much of life gathers around the flower. Why, if you should take away from the heart of childhood and the memories of manhood the morning glory trailing up the windows and over the doors, it would take a great deal of sweetness from our homes. The rose never blossoms or gives forth perfume as it does when close to the human voice and a human habitation. Just in proportion as it is remote from human auspices the flower is lacking in verdure. In a country where there are no flowers there is no human voice. When that voice is near at hand it seems to have magic of drawing from the most barren place the perfume of the rose. Now, my dear friends, you have come to an old city. I don't mean to say that we are very ancient, because we have succeeded to an ancient regime, for we are rather a modern city. On July 24, 1901, we hope to celebrate the two hundredth anniversary of the founding of the city of Detroit. Within a distance of half a mile fiom where you are sitting the early voyagers landed on the evening of that day. It is said to have been an evening of most surpassing beauty. The sun had sunk in the west, the sky was cloudless and the birds had folded their wings to rest. After landing, the newcomers erected a rude altar, and there the sweet tones of the evening vespers were chanted by the attending priests and their flock. When I reflect upon the im- munity of this city from fire, flood, disease and the calamities that have afflicted our neighbors, I cannot help but think that the consecra- tion on that evening, when the first act was one of religious devotion 8 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION and the recognition of God, invoked a blessing which has come down to us even to this day. We lived for nearly a century under the French flag and a French regime, when the language spoken was wholly French; we passed then to an allegiance to the British flag; and now, for a hundred years, we have been living, and we hope to live forever, under the Stars and Stripes. We have an island park here which I want you all to see before this Convention adjourns; and as I know you will go there I will say now only one word as to its history. It was a place so consecrated, even in savage days, to peace and to happiness, that not one drop of human blood was ever shed upon that island. The savages respected its beauty and seemed to be awed by the grandeur of its surroundings into a spirit of amity and good will. Although on the main land they continued their war of extermination against each other, they met on the island to smoke the pipe of peace. My dear friends, you come to a city that is proud of its homes. In no city in the world is the land owned by the householders to the same extent as it is in the city of Detroit. You will see the palace home and the cottage home side by side, but you will see everywhere the evidences that those who occupy the palace and the cottage are alike their owners. That ownership is seen in the cultivation of the flower garden and of vegetables for the table, and the hand of the house- wife and that of the husbandman may be seen in the trailing vine and rosebush over the windows and doors. This is perhaps our greatest pride, that Detroit is a city of homes and of home owners. To this city, to its hospitality, with the kindly greeting of all its citizens, I welcome you. Let me repeat what I said in opening — pay attention to no time other than "a good time." [Applause.] Ex-President Robert Ckaig, of Philadelphia, made the re- sponse to the Mayor's welcome, on behalf of the Convention. He spoke, amid much applause, as follows: We have indeed all been touched by the words of kindly welcome and the thoughtful address to which we have just listened. If we are led to ask why it is that such cordiality is extended to us as though we were entitled to it, I think the key to the solution of the question may be found in some expressions of his Honor. He talked about flowers and their ennobling influence. Therein we find a common platform upon which we can all come together. Men may differ on religious topics, on political issues, on the financial question and kindred topics, but, in the contemplation of the beautiful as it is in the floral kingdom, they become a harmonious unit, welded together by a common impulse of admiration and sympathy for the beautiful in nature. I am afraid that we who follow floriculture as a calling, for SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. U the support of our families and ourselves, often lose sight of the ennobling sentiment that is wrapped up in and is characteristic of our business. Nature's processes as seen in floriculture are full of interest and beauty. Take the fern seed, for instance. Insignificant in itself, almost without character, so small that you can scarcely see it, yet when put under the proper conditions developing with such exquisite gracefulness that its whole manner is delightful and bewitching beyond expression. The artist who seeks to convey its beautiful forms to canvas is inspired by their loveliness, and the musician sounds its praises in the highest strains. So it is that we understand why we are welcomed as we go from city to city, and never more sin- cerely than in the kindly words to which we have listened this morning. Now, we have been unavoidably delayed long beyond the hour of meeting, and I will not detain you by talking at any length. I want to assure his Honor, the Mayor, and these representatives of the people of Detroit, that we appreciate the evidences of kindly consideration we see on every hand and their cordial words of welcome. We are gathered together, as his Honor remarked, to advance a knowledge of horticulture. At this meeting come together the practical man who waters the plants and gives them daily attention, and the student who has spent his hours in devising means to counteract plant disease and exterminate insects — which the florist appreciates, but which he has neither the time nor the appliances to make available without such aid. These two classes come in contact here, and from their union we derive the greatest material benefit. Permit me to suggest here that I think there is one tendency that threatens to be a source of danger to these meetings, and the danger comes from those who are presumably our stanchest friends. I allude to the prominence given to athletics as a feature of our gatherings, and I have special reference to gentlemen like Mr. Westcott and Mr. Ander- son, who are so engrossed in those pastimes, and so enthusiastic about them, that they seem disposed to allow them to impair somewhat the value of our meetings. [Merriment.] Such will probably be the re- sult unless we can put a bridle on those gentlemen in some way. I throw out this suggestion merely by way of caution. As you know, they have had the same problem to deal with in all the great educa- tional institutions of the country. Harvard, Yale, Princeton and Penn- sylvania have encountered these waves of enthusiasm, but nowhere has the tide risen higher than it has with us just at the present time. I only want to caution you not to be led away too far by gentlemen like Mr. Anderson, for instance; and I mention him because he is a bright example of that particular type. He is a sportsman who would re- lentlessly pursue the clay pigeon from place to place; he is never satis- fied unless he can smash all he sees. [Merriment.] The young men who attend our meetings listen of course to all he says; and when Mr. Anderson talks to them about angles, unknown angles, and shooting a 10 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION little above and a little below, his sophistry has great influence upon them and they are very apt to get guns and follow him. I would caution them to beware of him on such occasions. [Continued merri- ment.] Gentlemen, I will conclude at once in order that the business may be proceeded with. We thank you again and again, Mr. Mayor, for your very kindly and cordial welcome. THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. President Willis N. Budd, of Chicago, upon assuming the du- ties of the Chair, made a formal address, which was heard with close attention and applauded. He spoke as follows : Ladies and Gentlemen of the Society of American Florists and Or- namental Horticulturists — Fifteen years ago, with mingled hopes and doubts, and fears, assembled together the first Convention of the florists of America — the first Convention of the Society of American Florists. Thirteen times in the intervening years have we met together for the same purpose. Men who were young, as we accept the word, at the time of this first Convention, have now reached middle age. Men then in the mature vigor of their fourth decade, now feel old age creep- ing upon them. Annually new faces have appeared among us, and annually have old and honored members stepped from the ranks, to assemble with us in this world never again. This mysterious, this incomprehensible thing we call life and growth, this never-ending removal and replacing of parts, has been at work with us all these years, and we are met here to-day, in our fif- teenth annual Convention, the same, and yet not the same, as at our first. This Society stands to-day for these three things: To discourage and stamp out from our profession and practice, that which is bad: To commend and retain that which is good; To point out and obtain that which is lacking. These are what it was organized for; they are what it has stead- fastly stood for during all the years of its existence; they are what it stands for to-day; and I devoutly believe it will so continue long after you, and I, and all of us, have passed from the stage, and its work is done and its course guided by other hands and other heads. The year passed has been notable as one of great prosperity gen- erally. The florist, both grower and merchant, has had his fair share of this increase in the general volume of business, and, unless all signs fail, the Society of American Florists, at this meeting, is to largely recover, financially, what it has lost during the hard times and by SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 11 reason of holding a Convention at a place remote from its centre of membership. As a missionary movement, and as a compliment to its members in the West, the meeting at Omaha was desirable, but, as was foreseen by many, the result was a serious financial loss. At the present time perhaps nine-tenths or more of our members are located between Boston and Chicago and north of Washington, the centre of membership being, probably, in Pennsylvania. The financial welfare of the Society, and a due consideration for the greatest good to the greatest number, should prevent frequent meetings outside this territory until the Western and Southern membership is increased. The horticultural sun has always been in the East, but it is already high in the heavens and is traveling toward the meridian. We may expect to see the time when the meetings can be held as frequently in the West and South as in the Eastern cities. During the current year has occurred the discontinuance of the Florists' Mutual Fire Insurance Company. After every effort on the part of the able men having the Association in charge, the general apathy of the trade has compelled them to give up the struggle. The birth, or renaissance, of the Rose Society is a matter of interest to us all. We wish it Godspeed. May it do as much for the rose as its sister society has done for the carnation. The continually increasing demand for plants has been noticeable, especially for flowering plants. While no doubt a part of this demand is due to the high price of cut flowers at the holiday season and Easter, there is no question but what the growth in that direction is far beyond what could occur from so small a cause. Enormous quantities of the Boston Fern have been produced and sold. The plant is altogether lacking in the stateliness and grace which characterizes the palm, and the delicate beauty of form and color shown by many of our greenhouse plants, yet every point of its ragged fronds speaks strength and vigor. Its strong growth and adaptability to unfavorable conditions, and its comparative cheapness withal, have assured its retaining the place in popular favor which it so quickly gained. The year's list of new plants introduced in this country is not especially large, and apparently contains nothing of strikingly unusual merit. In the early part of the year we followed with amused admira- tion the Boston exposition of how to advertise and sell a new carnation. A decided tendency exists in outdoor planting to use less of the highly colored flowering and foliage bedding plants, substituting massed effects of perennials and shrubbery, especially the native forms. It is quite likely that the planting at the Columbian Exposition, so much discussed at the time, is largely responsible for this movement, and as many of the leading parks and cemeteries are working on this line, it is well for the florist to take heed. Many railroads are giving special attention to the care and adorn- 12 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION ment of their station grounds with flowers. This practice is rapidly ex- tending, and not only as creating another market, but more especially as placing well designed and well cared for plantations most promi- nently before the public, is in future to have a marked effect. The matter of sub-irrigation in the greenhouse is worthy of careful investigation. The present growth in floriculture in the West and far West is phenomenal. The number of glass structures being erected this year is unprecedented, notwithstanding the seemingly prohibitive prices of ma- terial. The tendency in the East seems to be more in the line of re- building, modernizing and increasing the quantity and quality of product from a given space rather than enlarging that space. Present conditions may render profitable these enormous ranges of cheaply built, poorly equipped houses, supplied with insufficient and unskilled labor, but the future has sad lessons of experience in store for their owners. We are not as a class receiving from the experiment stations — institutions established and conducted with public funds, and for the public good — those benefits to which we are entitled. For this state of affairs no one is to blame but ourselves. We have neglected to make our wants known in an intelligent manner, and have not accepted gracefully what little work has been done in our behalf. In the press, and at our meetings, frequent complaint has been made of the lack of variety in flower stores — it has been well charac- terized as "that everlasting sameness." Many an old-fashioned flower could be grown and sold to-day to the profit of both grower and retailer, as well as the satisfaction of the customer. The increase in the number of sidewalk flower sellers, and the vast quantities of stock disposed of by them, has been a perennial source of argument between different branches of the trade. This class of dealers is a boon to the wholesale houses and to the growers, by making a market for otherwise unsalable stock. With the exception of an ex- ceedingly small percentage their trade is wholly with those who do not patronize the flower stores, and it is an open question whether they do not create flower lovers and flower buyers enough to amply repay the legitimate retailer for such few customers as they attract from him. The list of new plant names registered will be of little value un- less it is full and complete. The present fee would seem much too high. The question of carnation registry, also that of the crysanthe- mum, rose and dahlia, requires attention. I would suggest that this Society consult with all the auxiliary societies having in charge special flowers, with a view, first, to establish a uniform registry fee to be charged by each; second, for this Society to recognize and register free all names properly registered before the auxiliary societies, they in turn to accord the same courtesy to names in their special line regis- tered with our secretary. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 13 In conclusion, let me say a word for that much abused body, the Executive Committee. The men composing this committee are, almost without exception, in charge of large established interests. Their time is money, and the giving up of a week to the business of this Society is a distinct financial loss to each and every one of them, and each one of them is annually put to an additional actual expense, generally greater than that necessary to secure life membership in the Society of American Florists. For earnest, intelligent and conscientious hard work, I commend the Executive Committee to you. LOCAL HOSPITALITIES. Mr. Philip Breit meter, on behalf of the local club, here made an announcement, for general information, concerning the arrange- ments for the entertainment of the visitors, particularly in reference to the trolley ride to points of interest, which was fixed for this afternoon, and the boat ride on Lake St. Clair On the afternoon of the following day. report of the secretary. Secretary Wm. J. Stewart, of Boston, being called upon, pre- sented and read his annual report, which was favorably received. The report was as follows : Mr. President and Members — In reporting a decrease of membership for 1898 of about 17 per cent, from the previous year I desire to say that this condition, under the peculiar circumstances of last year, does not indicate any weakness in our organization, but should rather be regarded as an evidence of vitality because the loss was not greater. The results of the present year will, I believe, show that this reduction in our membership was only temporary, while the record of what we ac- complished in 1898, the broadening of our lines and the systematizing of our work, afford good evidence that the Society has now reached that stage where the size of the attendance at its conventions is no longer the only test of its strength. I have to report the full paid up membership for 1898 as 434, in- clusive of 19 life members. The new names added during this year r umbered 56, of which one each were from Virginia, New Jersey, Michi- gan, Georgia and Washington, two each from South Dakota and Wiscon- sin, three each from New York, District of Columbia and Kansas, six each from Illinois and Minnesota, eight each from Missouri and Iowa and ten from Nebraska. The loss of 144 members who had been in good standing in 1897 was due solely to the indifference resultant from the holding of our an- 14 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION nual meeting in a locality so remote from those centres whence our strongest support in membership has been heretofore derived, and our return to these more thickly populated communities will, in time, with- out doubt, bring many of them back into line, while our new activities, such as co-operative purchase and plant registration, are already be- ginning to secure us new accretions that are likely to be influential and permanent, regardless of where our annual meetings may convene. There is also an increased prominence in the trade exhibition feature of our conventions, and we shall make no mistake if we give our best thought to the further development of this department, which should eventually become so important that no enterprising florist will think of missing it, and also to the reasonable encouragement of the recreative features which are so dear to the heart of many of our best members. The printed transactions of the Society for 1898 contain all the speeches and essays, the valuable discussions and other business of the sessions at Omaha in full, reports of the superintendent of the trade exhibition, the judges and various important committees, the medal awards, a list of plant introductions for the year, the story of how generously our Omaha brethren entertained us, the membership list by States and alphabetically, together with the transactions of the auxil- iary societies.' It records the inauguration of the new departments of plant registration, co-operative purchase, legislation, arbitration and claims adjustment, all of which have been in operation during the year and will be reported on at this session by the proper committees. The list of new plants registered at the Secretary's office up to date is as follows: July 12, 1898, by the Conard & Jones Co., rose Miss Clara Barton and cannas Admiral Schley and General Shafter. Oct. 29, 1898, by Robert Sandiford, pelargoniums Sandiford's Sur- prise, Sandiford's Wonder and Sandiford's Best. Nov. 10, by John H. Taylor, rose Admiral Dewey. Nov. 27, by John Cook, rose Baltimore. Dec. 30, by Alex. MacLellan, chrysanthemum Regina. Jan. 3, by M. H. Walsh, rose Lillian Nordica. Jan. 19, by Hoffmeister Floral Co., rose Maid of Honor. Jan. 25, by Freeman & Fletcher, violet Columbia. Jan. 27, by C. Eisele, carnations Neptune, Mercury, Venus. Jupiter, Uranus, Rising Sun, Saturn, Vulcan, Vesuvius, Estella and Minerva. Feb. 1, by J. C. Vaughan, cannas Red Indian, Mandarin and Victory. Feb. 25, by Good & Reese Co., rose Frances E. Willard. Feb. 27, by H. Eichholz, geranium America. March 27, by Ernst G. Asmus, rose Liberty. April 6, by American Rose Co., rose Ivory. May 20, by W. A. Manda, Cypripedium insigne Mrs. Geo. B. Wilson. June 15, by A. Herrington. Hemerocallis Florham. July 25, by W. A. Manda, Dendrobium nobile Mrs. Geo. B. Wilson. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 15 The names of Miss Clara Barton and Admiral Dewey, as applied to roses, were given each to the productions of two different firms, and it is a pleasure to report that in each case deference was given to the parties having registered the name with the Society of American Flor- ists, and their rights to the exclusive use of the title in question honor- ably acknowledged by the claimants who had failed to register. The Executive Committee meeting in this city last March was at- tended by all the members but one. An infinity of questions concerning the Society's welfare were taken up. A synopsis of the committee's deliberations was given in the trade journals at the time, and the pro- gramme of this convention, as now before you, is also based on action taken at that meeting. The matter of the guarantees made by certain members against financial loss- to the Society, by reason of the visit to Omaha, was considered, and it was decided that the guarantors should be permitted to fulfill the obligations they had assumed, whereupon Mr. Kellogg, who was present, at once paid over the sum promised by him, and the committee voted that, in recognition thereof, Mr. Kellogg be constituted a life member. Upon notification by the secretary, two other guarantors, Messrs, Eenj. Hammond and H. A. Siebrecht, remitted the amount respectively subscribed by them, thus leaving only one guarantor yet to settle. The secretary hopes that the generosity of these gentlemen will be recog- nized, as in the case of Mr. Kellogg, by a vote of the Society making them life members. The losses by death of members during the year since our last meeting nave been as follows: Robert Christie, of Newport, died on Jan. 7, 1899. J. Kadletz, Dongan Hills, Staten Island, April 11, 1899. Julius Koenig, St. Louis, April 22, 1899. E. H. Hunt, Chicago, July 25, 1899. It is a pleasure to report that this Society is especially indebted this year to the various railroad transportation committees and to the individual representatives of many of the roads covering the territory from Maine to the Rocky Mountains for generous concessions and other evidences of kindly interest. The communications to be presented later show that our Society has a reputation both wide and good, and that a visit by the S. A. F. is universally regarded as a high honor to a community. In conclusion, your Secretary takes this opportunity to thank the officers and members for the continued kind forbearance, willing assist- ance and friendly encouragement so cordially extended throughout the j ear now closed. The Secretary's report was received and ordered to be filed. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION REPORT OF THE TREASURER. The report of the Treasurer, Mr. H. B. Beatty, of Oil City, Pa., which should have been presented at this time, was deferred, in hopes that Mr. Beatty would be present later and deliver it in person. It was as follows : 1898. Jan. 1. To Balance per Statement rendered Executive Com- mittee $1,156.89 Receipts. July 21. Book 1-50, Series 1898, dues 1898, 45 at $3.00 $135.00 Four new members at $5.00 20.00 Book 51-100, 2 members at $5.00 10.00 Dues, 1898, 48 members at $3.00 144.00 Sept. 16. Book 101-150, dues, 1898, 45 at $3.00 135.0G Dues, 1898, 3 at $3.00 9.00 Book 201-250, dues, 1897, 2 at $3.00 6.00 Dues, 1898, 48 at $3.00 144.00 Book 1-50, Initiation, 12 at $5.00 60.00 Book 51-100, Initiation, 25 at $5.00 125.00 Book 101-150, Initiation, 14 at $5.00 70.00 Dec. 31. Book 151-200, 1898 150.00 Book (1897). 451-500, 1898, 1 at $3.00 3.00 Dues, 1897, 48 at $3.00 144.00 $2,311.89 1898. PAYMENTS. Feb. 14. Derrick Pub. Co., as per voucher No. 103 $3.75 Mar. 31. Maverick & Wissinger, " 104 32.50 Wm. J. Stewart " 105 24.00 E. M. Wood, " 106 24.00 John G. Esler, " 107 13.87 Wm. K. Harris. " 108 6.00 E. H. Cushman, " 109 26.20 April 18. Geo. M. Kellogg, " 110 64.50 A. Graham. " 111 26.00 W. W. Coles, " 112 40.00 May 16. Elmer D. Smith. " 113 35.00 H. B. Beatty, « 114 27.00 June 27. N. Stafford, " 115 32.00 Derrick Pub. Co., " 116 2.50 Wm. J. Stewart, " 117 375.00 July 21. Wm. J. Stewart. " 118 216.11 Aug. 8. A. T. De La Mare P. & P. Co. " 119 22.75 Wm. F. Gude. " 120 49.00 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 17 Aug. 27. A. T. De La Mare P. & P. Co., as per voucher No. 121 $11.53 Sept. 16. Wm. J. Stewart, " " 122 194.40 Dec. 15. G. W. Bradlee, " " 123 255.05 Wm. J. Stewart, " " 124 375.00 Dec. 31. Wm. J. Stewart. " " 125 56.64 $1,912.80 Balance 399.09 $2,311.89 Summary. Received dues for year 1897 $150.00 1898 711.00 1899 9.00 " initiation 285.00 $1,155.00 Balance Jan. 1, 1898 1,156.89 $2,311.89 Credit Summary. Secretary's Salary $750.00 Assistant to Secretary at Annual Meeting 18.10 Executive Committee Meeting 394.30 Copying Proceedings Executive Committee Meeting Stenographer's Report of Annual Convention 103.00 Printing Proceedings of Annual Convention 274.05 Miscellaneous Printing 136.06 Secretary's Office Expenses, as follows: a. Postage 87.50 b. Railroad Expenses 11.50 c. Telegrams 10.12 d. Express 3.50 e. Stationery 26.07 Treasurer's Office: a. Postage b. Express c. Telegrams d. Printing Receipt Books 3.75 Annual Badges 36.00 Miscellaneous Expenses 58.75 Committee Expenses: a. Nomenclature .10 Audited and approved. $1,912.80 W. W. Coles, Edmund M. Wood, John F. Cowell, Auditing Committee. IS PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION NOMENCLATURE. The President called for a report from the Nomenclature Com- mittee. The Secretary explained that he had received a letter from the office of the Chairman of the Committee, Prof. Trelease, stating that that gentleman was absent and had left no memoranda of any kind in reference to the Committee's work. Upon communi- cating with Mr. E. G. Hill, a member of the Committee, that gen- tleman responded that he knew of no matter that had come before the Committee, the present year, for adjustment. CO-OPERATIVE PURCHASE. Mr. E. M. Wood, of JSTatick, Mass., Chairman of the Committee on Co-Operative Purchase, being called upon, presented and read a paper which he had prepared as the report of that Committee. It was followed with much interest and manifestations of approval . The paper was as follows : Mr. President, Members of the Society of American Florists. Ladies and Gentlemen — Your committee of the Department of Co-operative Purchase, which received your sanction at the Omaha Convention to continue another year, have to report as follows: The committee issued circulars to members of the Society, and to persons who were not members, similar to those of last year. A num- ber of responses were received, sending their orders and making in- quiries for prices for the material needed by them. The department has been somewhat handicapped. In the first part of the year prices declined, then advanced rapidly from week to week, so that quotations received this week would be changed the following to a higher price, in many cases before we were able to notify the pur- chaser and long before the receipt of the order. The filling of orders for some of the material was so much delayed that it became almost exasperating, but this was not the fault of the department. It is a condition which can be said to exist in all kinds of trade throughout the country. A number of parties who wrote for quotations, after re- ceiving them, preferred waiting before giving their order, believing in lower prices, necessitating the writing of lettters notifying them of any change in price upon the material they wished to purchase. This oc- casioned considerable clerical work, which the department was not fitted to perform as promptly as it ought to have been. The letters would be addressed to the secretary; it might be a SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 19 number of days before they reached the chairman of the department; and thus replies were not as prompt as they would be were a different system adopted. Enough has been accomplished, however, to indicate what might be the value of this department to the Society if placed upon a permanent basis; and we are pleased to present to you the replies of some of the purchasers through this department, stating the value it has been to them as well as their opinion of the future benefit which it would be to the Society's members. The committee sent letters to those who purchased through the department, requesting them to write and state what value or benefit (if any), and in what manner, the Co-operative Department of Purchase had been to them. Mr. M. H. Walsh, of Wood's Holl, Mass., writes that the saving to him was $27 on sixty boxes of glass, $3.25 on 200 pounds of putty, $15.50 on 350 pounds of lead, $24 on 600 feet of hose, $1.05 on 16 gallons of linseed oil, being a total saving of $70.80. He says: "I think the Co- operative Department of Purchase a most important and valuable branch of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticultur- ists. I hope its members will avail themselves of the benefits to be gained by purchasing through your committee, as the larger the amount purchased the lower the cost." Mr. J. D. Imlay, Zanesville, 0., writes: "I think I was very for- tunate in getting my glass through the Society of American Florists' Department of Purchase. I saved at least $1.80 per box on 62 boxes of glass, making about $110 saved, although the uncertainty of getting it was exasperating. I felt at one time as though I would not get the glass at all, and should not have built if I had to pay the price now asked for glass. I also want to thank you very, very much for your trouble and assistance in the purchase." Mr. E. Hippard. Youngstown, O., writes: "We will say that we saved on our glass, purchased through your purchasing department, about 90 cents a box of 16x24 double A glass, making a saving of $160.65 on 175 boxes." It is here shown that the saving to those members who availed themselves of the opportunity to purchase their supplies through the Co-operative Department of Purchase has been large, and, as indicated in last year's report of your committee, the percentage of saving is much greater to the small purchaser than to the larger one, especially when the latter is located in or near the larger cities. In continuing this department of purchase your committee would recommend the following changes in its management: We believe there should be a paid official to have charge of this department under the direction of a committee of three of the Executive Committee. He shall devote his entire time to the business of this department, and shall 20 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION report once a month or once a quarter to the committee of three having charge. In this way its business would be properly done and with dispatch. He should be paid by a percentage upon the purchasing price, which percentage should be added to the distributing price. The committee would also suggest another form of running this department, and we believe it to be the better of the two: By organiz- ing a corporation to be known as the Co-Operative Department of Pur- chase and Distribution of the Society of American Florists and Orna- mental Horticulturists, with a capital at its organization of not less than $12,000, the Society to have 51 per cent, of its common stock and its members the balance. Whenever there is any increase of the cap- ital the Society shall always retain 51 per cent, of the common stock, allowing the members to purchase the balance; no member to have over one share. The profits of the business to be divided in the follow- ing manner: Fifty per cent, to be paid to the purchasers, or customers; 51 per cent, of the remaining 50 per cent, to the Society, and the balance (49 per cent.) to holders of the common stock other than the Society. Of course it will require capital to start the business properly to insure its success; and if it cannot be obtained immediately upon the common stock, we would suggest that the more active members of the Society subscribe to a sufficient amount at once to make up the $12,000, for which they shall have issued to them preferred stock, drawing interest at the rate of 6 per cent, per annum, cumulative, the common stockholders reserving the right to cancel the preferred stock at any time upon the payment of principal and interest. Thus the common stockholders will have not only the profit upon their stock, but also a profit upon their purchases, and at the same time enabling them to buy at a less rate than elsewhere on account of the large volume of business which would come to the department, and from the great ex- pense saved in obtaining the business; the business to be carried on upon a cash basis, either by pre-payment of cash when sending the order or by cash draft, with bill of lading attached, drawn upon the purchaser. This department to transact business not only with the members of the Society, but with those who are not members; only members of the Society, and the Society itself, holding common stock of the Co-Operative Department of Purchase shall participate in the profits of their purchases. An accounting of the business shall be made at the end of every six months, and the profits then declared and paid. We wish it understood that we have discovered no new law or principle, and only wish to urge the Society in carrying out what has already been attempted and found to be successful. This department when well established would obtain articles for its members' consumption of the best and most durable kind. It would also be a bureau of information that would direct where to get the best and most improved materials, which, in nearly all cases, are the cheap- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 21 est. From a money point of view, all these savings and benefits would be great, which are not easy to calculate, and which a separate indi- vidual could not obtain except through co-operation. The economics of co-operative purchase would be large, and in those economies wealth is obtained. In furnishing 600 to 1,000 individuals their supplies 75 per cent, at least of all the expense that is incurred by the merchant in obtaining business would here be saved. That of itself would amount to thousands of dollars, besides furnishing a basis to enlarge the scope and activities of the Society. We need not further enlarge upon the benefits to be derived from united co-operation. It is an axiom — a self-evident fact. The power of association to lift its members, to give them steadily increasing in- fluence, not only on the condition of their own lives, but on national affairs, is the most obvious as well as the most important phenomenon of this last half of the nineteenth century we are now living. Co- operation would mean an influence actively upon the nation in the mat- ter of tariff reform. It is important that every co-operator be active. The essential element of gain will stimulate him to be so, and he can influence the Society in the right direction if he will. It is upon in- dividual members, much more than upon committeemen and other lead- ers, that progress depends, as, for example: Those who give their orders for supplies and materials used in their business have done more than any paper or words could have done. It is the practical result of co-operation and is the test of its value. We repeat again what we said last year, that one must not be too much impressed with the theoretical advantages of co-operation and expect large results almost from the outset. Its greatest drawback, oftentimes, is the want of a co-operative sentiment. It is said a true co-operator has good sense, good temper and a good will; good sense to dispose him to make most of his means; good temper to enable him to associate with others, and good will to incline him to serve them and be troubled to serve them, and go on serving them, whether they are grateful or not in return, caring only that he does good, and finding it a sufficient reward to see that others are benefited through his un- thanked exertions. Fourier, throughout his works, declares that he gives no system or plan of his own. He claims the merit of having discovered the system of nature which will secure to mankind as many blessings as the false social institutions set up by human reason have entailed upon them miseries and misfortunes. The almost universal desire of man is to obtain a fortune, at least a competency, and the economy in co-operation is one of the great avenues that lead to riches and worldly comfort. Fourier mentions a few examples he sees, re- ferable to instinct or accident merely, which should have led earlier to further investigation. The peasants of Jura, finding that the milk collected by a single family would not make a cheese which is very much esteemed, called Gruyere, unite and bring their milk daily to a 22 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION common depot, where notes are kept of the quantity deposited by each family, and from these small collections a large and very valuable cheese is made, which is divided pro rata among those who contribute to it. We see an association in some countries introduced also into minor details of rural economy — into a common oven, for instance. A hundred families, composing a hamlet, know that if it were necessary to con- struct, keep in repair, heat 100 ovens, it would cost in masonry, fuel and management ten times as much as one oven in common. Economy of wages increases twenty to thirty fold if the village consists of two or three hundred families. It follows that if an association could be applied to all the details of domestic and agricultural operations, an economy, on an average, of nine-tenths would result from it. Already It is beginning in Europe. Certain classes — soldiers, for example — are forced from necessity to resort to economies of association; if they prepared their meals separately, as many soups as there are individuals, instead of preparing for a large number at once, it would cost them a vast deal of time and trouble, and the outlay would be increased threefold. Suppose a monastery of thirty monks have thirty different kitchens, thereby different fires, and everything else in the same ratio, it is certain that while expending six times as much in materials, cooking implements and hire of servants, they would be infinitely worse served than if there was unity in their household organizations. Holyoke says there is a familiar use of the word co-operation, which means two or more persons acting together to accomplish some result, as when a man and a lever together move a log, or a cat's paw is em- ployed to pull chestnuts from the fire, or when one thief holds a bag while another thief fills it, or as when a physician marries the daughter of an undertaker with a view to unite business. In these cases the log is r.ot consulted, the cat gets no chestnuts, and the owner is plun- dered by two thieves united, and the patient does not profit by the union of the pestle and the spade. To the general public these acts of concert equally mean co-operation; we mean by the word, co-operation cf honest industry, with a view to an equal share of the profits made. We put the word "honest" into the definition because, if the laborer and the trade be not honest, the public are cheated, and co-operation is but an organized form of fraud. Co-operation means concert for the distribution of wealth; it leaves nobody out who helps to produce it, touches no man's future, it seeks no plunder, causes no disturbance in society, it gives no trouble to statesmen, enters into no secret associations, needs no trade unions to protect its interests, contemplates no violence, subverts no order, loses no dignity; it accepts no gift nor asks any favor. It keeps no terms with the idle, and it will break no faith with the industrious. It is neither mendicant, servile, nor offensive; it has a hand in no man's SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLOBIST8. 23 pof-ket, and it does not mean any hand shall remain long or comfortable in its own ; it means self-help, self-dependence and such share of the common competence as labor shall earn or thought can win, and this it intends to have; but by means which shall leave every other person an equal chance for the same good. Mr. Howarth was the first of the Rochdale pioneers in England to propose a division of profits among the purchasers of that order. It was a device of despair, stores had gone down, one after another from various causes; not a few had been aided, says Holyoke, in their descent by a state of law which favored the development of rascally officers; few persons believed that stores could be re-established. The division of profits among customers, though felt to be a promising step, not being foreseen as a great fortune, was readily agreed to; no one foresaw what a prodigious amount it would be one day. If the profits which now exist had existed in Mr. Howarth's time, and he had proposed to give such amazing sums away, he would have been deemed mad; had the Rochdale directors of that day imagined what sums co-operation would have given in their town, they would never have admitted the customer into partnership. Therefore, the aim of co-operation is to create good circumstances, to take care that every man shall find a purse in his own industry, and no one be the loser by it This is equity, equity is the grace, if not the essence of co-operation, it being the far-reaching principle. If you have convictions that this is the thing to be put through, put it through, and if you take due precaution and persevere in your intents, you will surely carry your points. No blundering of speech, no folly in enthu- siastic intentions, will be remembered against you when you are suc- cessful. Progress has its witches, as Macbeth had, but the old caldron is pretty well burnt out. You have this to strengthen you: co-operation has often succeeded far erough that co-operation here can be made a success; the only thing wanting to make it a power is to persevere. It is said co-operation is the only thing that gives its members anything to eat. The temperance movement saves its adherents money and increases their health. Po- litical union promotes public liberty, trade unions afford protection to industry and augment wages, but all take money in the present, return- ing good only in the future, but the co-operative movement takes noth- ing from you and gives you money, to a considerable amount, in return for good fellowship and good faith. Co-operation is said to be the only institution where the more children a man has the richer he becomes by his purchases being greater; the mother of a numerous family, who joined a store from her own good discernment, found her profits so increased after a few years that she bought a house, and when her neighbors expressed surprise that she was able to do it, she said the explanation was easy; her children being hearty had eaten her into the house. To ma"y people it seems much better to join a co-operative store and be eaten into a house than to deal elsewhere and be eaten out of it. 24 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION It is truly said without economy there could be no co-operation, and without distribution of profits to all interested, co-operation would not be worth having. In co-operation the first in England was more or less a failure, but failure has no horror for the people of Europe; they have tried failure and got success by the help of failure; there is no such word there as failure left in the vocabulary of a movement, which, beginning with an assessment of two pence a week of unpaid working men in garrets, and ridiculous little shops in back streets, has in thirty- six years done a business of four billion five hundred million dollars, and divided among the working people three hundred and sixty million dollars. Thus, it is readily seen that the co-operative idea is no new- fangled conception to apologize for its novelty. It has ancient pedigree, and although long intervals have occurred when the principle appeared dead, yet, like the germs of wheat found in the Egyptian mummies, it has possessed vitality and power of germination after many years. The Peesident remarked that the paper just read was one which contained a good deal of meat and, that as the matter was one which went to the bottom of the pockets of the florists and took hold of their pocketbooks, it seemed to be entitled to full and care- ful consideration. He thought there was not sufficient time for this at present and he suggested that, if there was no objection, the further consideration of the report would be postponed until the session on the following day, when it would be taken up as a spe- cial order of business. He requested Mr. P. O'Maka, of New York City, to kindly lead in the discussion of the subject when it came up in regular order. LEGISLATION". Mr. P. O'Mara, of New York City, Chairman of the Committee on Legislation, responding to the call upon that Committee, said : Gentlemen — The only matter brought before your committee since the last convention was the delays experienced by importers of plants and bu^bs arriving through the port of New York. At the November meeting of the New York Florists' Club many complaints were made by members v-ho had suffered losses from this cause, and the entire mat- ter was referred to your committee, with power to take such steps as to them seemed advisable in an effort to effect a beneficial and de- sirable change in the delivery of such importations from the appraisers' stores. Your committee did not consider it within their province to assert, or even intimate, any unfitness of any official, or negligence on the part of any one; they simply stated facts as presented to them by SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 25 importers, and suggested remedies calculated, in their opinion, to im- prove the service without interfering in any way with the proper col- lection of the revenues. Many of the complaints received by your com- mittee related entirely to nursery stock, some of the complainants not being members of the S. A. F., but they were handled by your committee in connection with the others. At the last convention of the Nursery- men's Association, a committee was appointed by them to look after such matters, and the chairman of your committee has been in com- munication with them, extending such aid as he could to further their efforts. The first action taken by your committee was to insert a call in the trade press requesting written complaints from those who had suffered losses through unnecessary delays. This call not being responded to as promptly or as fully as the circumstances appeared to warrant, the chairman of your committee wrote to twenty-five leading importers, other than members of the New York Florists' Club, asking if they had any complaints against the service in the New York Custom House, and if they desired to place such in our hands. The responses to that letter were of sufficient gravity, and contained specifications which enabled us to present a strong case to the authori- ties. Many of the communications were confidential, and we deemed it best not to publish any of the communications in the nature of com- plaints submitted to them. Our investigations showed that the delays proceeded from the following causes: First, irregularities in invoices, caused by shippers failing to comply with customs, the regulations as to manner of making out the same, neglect to properly stencil cases with name of country whence shipped and other minor omissions. Second: Undervaluation of goods on invoices, according to the mar- ket values adopted by the Appraiser of the Port, causing reapp^aisement and vexatious delays, also in many cases penalties for alleged underval- uation, and in some cases loss of goods. Third: Delays in trucking goods from wharves to appraisers' stores, the average time consumed in that way having been found to be three days. Fourth: Lack of adequate help in examining-room to expeditiously handle the goods ordered to appraisers' stores. The committee also received complaints that the repacking done in the appraisers' stores was faulty, and consequently many plants were damaged from this cause; in some cases every plant among those or- dered to appraisers' stores was damaged, some irreparably. The first step taken to have the foregoing remedied was to obtain an interview with the Collector of the Port and lay the entire mat- ter before him. He received us courteously and gave freely of his time, making notes of the various matters as they applied directly to de- tails within his jurisdiction. He promised to use every means within 26 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION his power to expedite the handling of consignments of plants and bulbs, said he would issue orders to give them preference over less perishable goods, and that he would particularly urge a more prompt transfer from the wharves to the appraisers' stores of cases of plants and bulbs selected for examination. The committee has pleasure in saying that the various promises made have been performed, and that there is every reason to believe that the improvements effected will be permanent. The Collector ex- plained that occasionally the wharves become congested with goods dis- charged from vessels, and that, as a consequence, the public truckmen could not transfer cases to appraisers' stores as rapidly as he would wish. To overcome that in a measure, the Collector suggested that the shippers be instructed to see to it that plants and bulbs were stowed on top of the ship's cargo, so that they would be first discharged upon arrival at her wharf. The committee, having learned that a Senate Committee was in- vestigating matters connected with the Custom House in New York, opened communication with them and received the following reply: Senate Chamber, Washington. Dec. 3, 1898. Patrick O'Mara, Esq., So Cortlandt Street, New York City. Dear Sir — I received your letter of December 2. The Committee of the Senate which has been making inquiries with regard to the ad- ministrative features of the Customs act closed its work in New York last week, and I do not think it will have any further sessions. Pos- sibly there is a misapprehension as to the scope of our inquiry. It was confined to suggestions as to how the law might be amended so as to improve it and facilitate both the operations of business and the col- lection of the revenues. It was not the purpose of the committee to inquire into the propriety or justice of individual cases. But while in New York we were made aware of the delays which had occurred in the Appraiser's office in fixing the value of foreign imported plants, bulbs, etc., and talked with the Appraiser about it, who seemed very much to regret that there had been any occasion for complaint, and expressed a determination that there should be no avoidable delays hereafter. Yours truly, (Signed) O. H. Platt. The committee next obtained an interview with the Appraiser of the Port, there being present the Assistant Appraiser and the Ex- aminer. The various causes for complaint were submitted and listened to attentively. The Appraiser and his assistants were very courteous, and apparently were very willing to do everything consistent with their duties to hasten the goods through the stores when received for examination. It transpires that steps had been taken in advance of our interview to have the force at the disposal of the Examiner in- creased, a very important and valuable improvement. The Appraiser said also that additional floor space would be provided when necessary. Great stress was laid by all three gentlemen upon having cases properly marked and invoices made out in conformity with the regulations. SOCIETY OF AMERICAX FLORISTS. 27 For the information of the trade, and so that they could instruct their shippers, we obtained sample invoices from the Appraiser, which, with the accompanying letter, we submit herewith for publication, which is very important, and every shipper should be instructed to follow them minutely: HOW INVOICES SHOULD BE MADE OUT. Invoice of bulbs sold (or consigned) by to 15 cases marked x numbered 1-15. Number of cases. 1-5 6-8 9-11 12 13 14 15 Number in each case. 1,500 1,300 1,375 1,550 1,725 r 2,000 500 750 1,000 VARIETY and COLOR. White Roman Hyacinths do. Narcissus Grandiflora do. Narcissus Totus Albus Pink Roman Hyacinths do. Narcissus Campernelle Narcissus Trumpet Major Size in Value per Total Centi- meters. 11-12 12-15 12 13 1,000 francs. 90 120 60 70 150 60 70 25 50 francs. 135.00 156.00 82.50 108.50 258.75 120.00 35.00 18.75 50.00 964.50 Cases MUST be marked also FRANCE. Invoice of Holland Bulbs sold (or consigned) by. to 15 cases marked U. S. 1-15. Number of Name and Variety. HYACINTHS. Amy Pabiola Alba Superbissima Baron Von Thuyll-White Baron Von Thuyll-Blue Ida ! La Pluie d'or I Garrick I f Mixed double ■{ " " seconds " " and single I Single and red mixed " blue mixed Double white mixed I " pink mixed 4 i Quan- dumber Number Value tity. of in each per bags. bag. 1,000. 750 7 100 1 50 $50.00 300 3 90 1 30 65.00 500 5 100 52.00 te 5 90 500 1 50 40.00 600 6 90 1 60 38.00 100 1 100 85.00 500 4 100 2 50 46.00 150 1 100 1 50 55.00 500 5 100 34.00 300 6 50 29.00 300 3 100 32.00 300 3 100 36.00 300 3 100 37.50 500 5 100 40.00 100 1 100 39.00 Total. 28 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION Number of cases. 7 i 9 -I Name and Variety. TULIPS. Quan- Number Number tity of in each bags. bag. Artus 600 La Candeur 2,000 Proserpine 500 Double and single mixed 100 Early single mixed 250 Late double & single " 250 NARCISSUS. f Biflorus Trumpet Major Von Sion "double nosed" " " single nosed Scilla Siberica Galanthes Elwesii Fritillaria mixed Snowdrops double single Allium Moly Anemone double 750 400 300 200 1,000 2,000 500 2,000 3,000 2,000 2,000 3 20 10 5 2 4 200 100 50 100 250 250 200 150 100 150 100 250 500 250 1,000 600 500 500 Value per 1,000 $4.50 5.00 17.00 7.50 8.00 5.50 5.00 9.00 18.00 14.00 4.50 5.50 10.00 6.00 4.50 5.00 6.00 Total Invoice of 56 cases of Azaleas sold (or consigned) to by 56 cases marked U. S. Number of case. Quantity. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 100 90 75 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 VARIETY. Mme. Van der Cruyssen Specimen plants Deutsche Perle Ponticum named 10 to 15 buds " 15 to 20 " Mollis mixed 10 to 15 " 15 to 20 " A. 1-56. Size Value Tota inches. 100 fcs. 8-10 150 10-12 180 12-14 200 14-16 350 18-24 600 14-16 350 125 150 125 150 Each case to be marked with the name of the country from whence shipped: as BELGIUM. copy of letter. Office of the Appraiser of Merchandise, Port of New York, N. Y. December 21. 1898. Hon. F. W. Wakeman, U. 8. Appraiser. Sir — Referring to the conference of December 13 between yourself and a committee of the Society of American Florists, during which you directed Examiner Lersner to prepare and submit to you specimen forms of bulb and plant invoices made up in a manner best suited to the requirements of the regulations of this office, I inclose herewith three such forms. The preparation of these invoices has received careful consideration and the work of this office would be greatly facilitated SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 29 and the examination of goods made less difficult if these forms should be followed by shippers in the future. I would respectfully suggest that these papers be sent to Patrick O'Mara, Esq., Chairman Legislative Committee of the Society of Amer- ican Florists. Respectfully yours, (Signed) T. C. Worden, Assistant Appraiser, Tenth Division. After the matters of detail which were submitted by the commit- tee had been disposed of, the still more important one of the market values was taken up. The chairman of your committee urged upon the Appraiser that some steps should be taken to fix said values a sufficient time in advance of the arrival of the main consignments in the Fall, so that importers could enter goods and have them passed upon in the shortest time possible. At first the proposition did not meet with favor, but afterward an agreement was reached that the authorities would re- ceive a committee in May or June and consult with them in regard to prices for Fall importations. In case the work could not be done through a committee they would receive individuals and accept evidence in regard to values, and from evidence submitted make the schedule. As this is a very im- portant part of the work of the committee, we took pains to get the matter from the authorities, and beg leave to submit it herewith: Office of the Appraiser of Merchandise, Port of New York. N. Y. December 16. 1898. Patrick O'Mara, Esq., 35 Cortlandt Street. Sir — Referring to your conversation with Examiner Lersner. in which you asked to be informed what constitutes market value in order that the Secretary of the Society of American Florists might have the information published in your official organ for the benefit of your members, I have to state: Customs Administrative Act, as amended July 24, 1897, defines "market value" in paragraphs 10, 11 and 19, copies of which passages are inclosed. In practical administration it is the custom of the appraising officer to determine in proper ways the value of the merchandise in the usual commercial quantities, and to establish a uniform value for the articles in the usual quantities. No special discounts are allowed and no priv- ileges which are not enjoyed by the balance of the trade. Each article is judged by itself without relation to the balance of the invoice. Any further information you may wish I shall be pleased to fur- nish. Respectfully yours, (Signed) T. C. Worden. Assistant Appraiser, Tenth Division. Section 10. That it shall be the duty of the Appraisers of the United States, and every one of them, and every person who shall act as such Appraiser, or of the Collector, as the case may be, by all reason- able ways and means in his or their power, to ascertain, estimate and appraise (any invoice or affidavit thereto or statement of cost, or of cost of production to the contrary notwithstanding) the actual market value 30 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION and wholesale price of the merchandise at the time of exportation to the United States, in the principal markets of the country whence the same has been imported, and the number of yards, parcels or quantities, and actual market value of wholesale price of every one of them, as the case may require. Section 11. That when the actual market value as defined by law of any article of imported merchandise, wholly or partly manufactured and subject to an ad valorem duty, or to a duty based in whole or in part on value, cannot be otherwise ascertained to the satisfaction of the appraising officer, such officer shall use all available means in his power to ascertain the cost of production of such merchandise at the time of exportation to the United States, and at the place of manufacture; such cost of production to include the cost of materials and of fabrication, all general expenses covering each and every outlay of whatsoever nature incident to such production, together with the expense of pre- paring and putting up such merchandise ready for shipment, and an ad- dition of not less than 8 nor more than 50 per centum upon the total cost as thus ascertained; and in no case shall such merchandise be ap- praised upon original appraisal or reappraisement at less than the total cost of production as thus ascertained. It shall be lawful for appraising officers, in determining the dutiable value of such merchandise, to take into consideration the wholesale price at which such or similar mer- chandise is sold or offered for sale in the United States, due allowance being made for estimated duties thereon, the cost of transportation, in- surance and other necessary expenses from the place of shipment to the United States, and a reasonable commission, if any has been paid, not exceeding 6 per centum. Section 19. That whenever imported merchandise is subject to an ad valorem rate of duty, or to a duty based upon or regulated in any manner by the value thereof, the duty shall be assessed upon the actual market value or wholesale price of such merchandise, as bought and sold in usual wholesale quantities, at the time of exportation to the United States, in the principal markets of the country from whence imported, and in the condition in which such merchandise is there bought and sold for exportation to the United States, or consigned to the United States for sale, including the value of all cartons, cases, crates, boxes, sacks and coverings of any kind, and all other costs, charges and expenses incident to placing the merchandise in condition, packed ready for shipment to the United States, and if there be used for covering or holding imported merchandise, whether dutiable or free, any unusual article or form designed for use otherwise than in the bona fide transportation of such merchandise to the United States, ad- ditional duty shall be levied and collected upon such material or article at the rate to which the same would be subject if separately imported. That the words "value" or "actual market value" whenever used in SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 31 this Act or in any law relating to the appraisement of imported mer- chandise shall be construed to be the actual market value or wholesale price as defined in this section. Among other things submitted to us was a complaint from one firm regarding penalty for undervaluation, which they claimed was unjust, and further stated that they could not obtain any consideration of their claim by the authorities. The committee presented the case to the Collector, and by return of mail received assurance that the mat- ter had never been in his office; application to the Secretary of the Treasury for information brought back a reply in two days, stating that the claim could not be allowed. The Appraiser obtained a list of the firms who placed their case with the committee, and mailed to each a letter, copy of which is appended: Office of the Appraiser of Merchandise, Port of New York. N. Y. December 20, 1898. Gentlemen — We had a call a few days since from your committee on the subject of importation of plants, bulbs, etc. With the co- operation of importers in your line, I think we will be able to avoid any delays in the future, and I beg to say that it will be a pleasure to meet you or your representatives at any time. Do not hesitate to bring any delays to my attention. Very truly yours, (Signed) W. F. Wakeman. Appraiser. In accordance with the promise made to your committee, the Ap- praiser of the Port of New York sent out requests to importers of bulbs, plants, etc., in the early part of this year, to submit to him figures at which orders for such goods were being placed, so that he could arrive at a proper appraisement promptly and inform importers in advance of the entry values as fixed. This was done, we are informed, on a few items of bulbs for early arrival, but the Treasury Depart- ment at Washington would not allow a continuance of the practice thus instituted. As a direct result of the efforts of your committee a Commission of Special Agents was appointed by the Treasury Department to in- vestigate the conduct of business at the appraisers' stores in New York, with special reference to importations of plants, bulbs, etc. Through the courtesy of the officials in the appraisers' stores, the chair- man of your committee was granted an interview with the head of that commission, and presented the views of the committee to him. He was asked for information as to the findings of the commission, and not being permitted to give same, application was made to the Secretary of the Treasury, whose reply was as follows: Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary, Washington, D. C, August 7, 1899. Mr. Patrick O'Mara, 35-S7 Cortlandt Street, New York, N. Y. Sir — Replying to your letter of the 1st inst, wherein you re- 32 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION quest to be furnished with copy of the report on importations of nur- sery stock, bulbs, etc., of the commission of special agents who re- cently investigated the conduct of business at the Appraisers' stores at New York, I have to inform you that the report in question is one of a number which were made by said commission, and as the subjects investigated are still under consideration, the department has de- clined for the present all requests made to be furnished with copies of the reports of the commission. I regret being compelled to refuse your request, especialy in view of the fact that it was your desire to submit the report to the Con- vention of the Society of American Florists, which will assemble in Detroit on the 15th inst. Respectfully yours, O. L. Spaulding, Assistant Secretary. The Treasury Department, however, after receiving the report of said commission, sent a communication to the Collector of Customs at the Port of New York, based upon the findings of the commission, and as it is important, in view of all the circumstances, we beg leave to submit herewith such of that communication as we were enabled to obtain, and recommend your careful consideration of the matters cov- ered by said communication. It is as follows: "The commission finds that there is no instance in which there appears to have been undue delay in passing nursery stock as far as the Appraiser's force is concerned; that occasionally some days elapsed after entry before delivery of the packages at the Public Stores, but the reappraisement proceedings, in addition to lapse of time through other and reasonable causes, afford explanation of the delays out of which have grown complaints; that there were a number of advances on appraisements last season, and that, in a considerable number of in- stances, excess quantities were reported, but the net result to the Government does not seem to be a sufficient offset to the annoyances to importers and for the damage caused by delays; that the Examiner's method of appraisement in striking an average of the invoice values to arrive at the foreign market values, and especially in giving such notice to some importers as will enable them on entry to meet his views concerning dutiable values, while other importers not being sim- ilarly advised are exposed to penalties, is open to criticism and needs correction; and that if a less number of cases of each invoice is here- after ordered in for examination, as is conceded to be practicable and at the same time properly guard the interests of the Government, if would seem that complaints from this source should be reduced to a minimum. Merchandise of the kind in question should be promptly ap- praised at the actual market value as defined by Section 19 of the Cus- toms Administrative Act, and you are hereby directed, under the pro- visions of Section 2939, Revised Statutes, to require but one package out of each invoice to be sent to the public store for examination and appraisement, unless it shall be found necessary in any particular case to call for additional packages to form the proper basis for determin- ing the character, quantity and value of the entire importation. Pack- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 33 ages containing plants, shrubs, trees and similar nursery stock, which may be properly examined on the dock, should not be sent to the public store for examination. The department does not approve of the prac- tices of the Examiner in averaging invoice values to arrive at foreign market values, nor of his methods in giving such notice to importers as will enable them on entry to meet his views concerning dutiable values, and you are directed to cause these practices to cease." This constitutes the work of your committee up to date, and is re- spectfully submitted. The committee desires to thank all those who aided them in the performance of their arduous and important duties. They are particu- larly grateful to the government officials for the ready and marked attention paid to their presentment of the matters submitted to them, and for the unfailing courtesy extended to them. It lightened their labors and encouraged them to proceed in the discharge of the duties assigned to them. Your committee was early convinced that the offi- cers entrusted with the collection of the revenues were equally anxious, with them, to expedite business wherever and whenever it could be done consistent with the proper discharge of their duties. While plants, bulbs, etc., are on the list of dutiable merchandise, there must be always less or more delays in appraising and passing them, delays that cannot be altogether avoided. These delays are more likely to occur at the port of New York, where 70 per cent, of the entire import revenue of the United States is collected, than at minor ports of entry and for obvious reasons. The proper remedy, the only unfailing remedy for this condition, lies in legislation. While the Government might easily and willingly forego the comparatively paltry revenue derived from the duty now levied on plants and bulbs, yet it is doubtful if it would be expedient to ask that they be put upon the free list, even if they are to a great extent raw material to the trade at large. A line of specific duties would do away with most, if not all, of the difficulties encountered under the present system of ad valorem duties, and would be pref- erable for many reasons to which it is needless to refer here, but which must suggest themselves to all who have been hampered by the present cumbersome system. We express the hope that when the occasion arises to effect a change a remedy will be sought and found in legislation, and that combined and harmonious action will be taken by the florist and nursery trades. Very respectfully yours, Patrick O'Mara, Chairman, John N. Mat, Benj. Durfee, The Legislative Committee. The President: The report will take the usual course unless there are objections or suggestions. The Chair hears none. 34 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION EXHIBITION JUDGES. The President announced the appointment of the following named Judges to pass upon the exhibits in the Trade Exhibition : Class A, Plants — Emil Buettner, Geo. E. Fancourt, C. D. Ball. Class B, Cut Blooms — Alex. Montgomery, A. S. Burns, J. M. Gasser. Class C, Boilers — Samuel Henshaw, C. B. Whitnall, A. S. Swanson. Class D, Greenhouse Appliances and Flower Pots — J. F. Wilcox, A. Graham. John Burton. Class E, Florists' Supplies and Fancy Earthenware — Robert Kift, P. J. Hauswirth, J. W. Ludwig. Class F, Bulbs and Seeds — Robert George, Warren Ewell, F. L. Atkins. Class G, Miscellaneous — Robert George, Robert Kift, J. F. Wilcox, Samuel Henshaw, Alex. Montgomery, Emil Buettner. Medal Awards — Ex-Presidents Jas. Dean, John N. May, Wm. Scott. CLAIMS. The President called for a report from the Committee on Claims. The Secretary presented and read a brief report which he had received from the Chairman of the Committee. The report was as follows : Mr. President — Your Committee on Claims against express, trans- portation and forwarding companies reports as follows: That it notified the principal forwarding companies of its appoint- ment and general powers by and under authority vested in it by the Society of American Florists; That your committee settled and adjusted several claims, and there are still in the hands of the committee eight claims, three of which are in the hands of attorney, the committee having a special arrange- ment with attorney whereby all claims which are put into his hands are collected and prosecuted by him, on a contingency basis, and with- out any other expense to this committee or the claimant. Should this report be received favorably and the committee be continued, the undersigned pray that you appoint one other member to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Mr. E. G. Hill, of SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 35 Richmond, Ind., who for personal reasons, satisfactory to the under- signed, resigned from the committee. There is no doubt in the mind of the committee but what the for- warding companies have used more care and diligence in the handling of our goods since the appointment of this committee. Most respectfully submitted, H. A. Siebrecht, Chairman. THE SECRETARY'S TABLE. The Secretary announced, for general information, the pur- port of a number of communications on his table, which he said were more or less interesting, but which he would not inflict upon the meeting by reading them at length unless requested to do so. The communications were as follows : From the Business Men's Convention League of Cleveland, inviting the Society to hold its convention next year in that city; from the Buffalo Merchants' Exchange, the Mayor's office of the city of Niagara Falls, and the Park Commissioners of Niagara Falls Beservation ; the Hotel Asso- ciation of Chicago, the Citizens' Business League of Milwaukee, and the Chairman of the Saratoga Convention Bureau, similar invita- tions ; and from the Greater American Exposition at Omaha, invit- ing the members to come there again. From the Census Office of the Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C, a communica- tion asking that replies be given to a number of queries intended to be of value when collated by the Census Bureau. The Secretary stated that he was ready to follow any instruc- tion that might be given for the kind of work indicated in the com- munication last mentioned, which was before the Convention in- formally. He also announced that he had received a communication from Director Taylor, of the Pan-American Exposition, and Chairman Smither, of the Bureau of Horticulture at the Exposition, inviting the co-operation of the S. A. F., and the appointment by it of an advisory committee to confer with that Bureau. Upon the suggestion of Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, the full text of the latter communication was read by the Secretary for general information. The President: This communication is certainly an important one and will need further consideration. If there be no objection it will be made a special order for the meeting to-morrow. The Chair hears none, and it will be so ordered. Adjourned. 36 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION THE PRESIDENT'S RECEPTION. The President's reception was held in the Convention Hall on Tuesday evening, under the auspices of the Detroit Florists' Club, and was attended by several hundred of the delegates and their ladies. The guests formed in a long line and were separately pre- sented to President Eudd by Secretary Stewart. All present had an opportunity to grasp the hand of the President and exchange the usual compliments. The affair was a very pleasant one and enabled the visitors to become better acquainted. President Philip Breitmeyer, of the local club, and Mrs. Breitmeyer assisted in re- ceiving, and other assistants were Messrs. Frank H. Beard, George A. Eackham and Eobert Flowerday, of the committee in charge of the Affair, and Mr. Stephen Taplin, the oldest florist of Detroit. An efficient orchestra enlivened the occasion and refreshments were provided. Later in the evening formalities were laid aside and uancing followed. SECOND DAY.— MOENING. Wednesday, August 16, 1899. The Convention was dilatory in assembling, but after getting down to work transacted business with much celerity. President Eudd, upon taking the chair (at 10.45 o'clock a. m.), referred to the day's programme and reminded the delegates that their hospitable friends of Detroit had arranged to accompany them on a boat ride in the afternoon and had expressed a desire to start at as early an hour as possible. REPORTS OF STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS. The presentation of annual reports by the State Vice-Presidents was the first business. Mr. Edgar Sanders, of Chicago, in handing to the Secretary his report as Vice-President for Illinois, suggested that, as the re- port would be incorporated in the record of the Society's proceed- ings, where the members could read it at their leisure, the reading of it at this time might be dispensed with. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 37 Mr. E. G. Gillett, of Cincinnati, moved that this course be followed. Mr. W. H. Siebrecht, of Astoria, 1ST. Y., made a similar mo- tion relative to all the reports of the State Vice-Presidents, and no objection being made, the President declared the motion adopted. Mr. E. G. Gillett: With all due respect to the State Vice-Presi- dents, I think it would be well that the statement should be made that their reports are not read because of the lack of time and the accumula- tion of business at the present session. The President: If there is no objection that statement will be in- corporated in the pending motion. The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. The President announced, as the next order of business, the reading of the reports of the Exhibition Judges. The Secretary explained that the judges had been delayed in their work by the trolley ride on the previous afternoon, but that a majority of them had reported this morning, and had been or were now engaged in the discharge of their duties, and he therefore asked that this item of business be postponed until the session of the fol- lowing day. The President: If there is no objection, it will be so ordered. AT NEW YORK CITY IN 1900. The selection of the place of meeting for 1900 was next in order. Mr. P. O'Mara, of New York City, was awarded the floor. He said he had been deputed by the New York Florists' Club to offer to the S. A. F. the use of New York City, in which to hold its next annual convention. He continued: In tendering you the use of the city we are seconded by all the hor- ticultural bodies in and around New York, and we are indorsed by the Private Gardeners' Association, the local trade associations, the com- mercial associations, the Mayor of New York City and the Governor of [The reports above referred to will be found in regular order in pages following this report.] 38 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION New York State — the latter having sent a communication which is in the hands of Mr. Dean and will be read by him. The letter of the Mayor of New York City, under date of July 3c, addressed to Mr. Wm. Plumb, President of the Florists' Club of New York City, is as follows : Dear Sir — I am informed you are to be in attendance at the an- nual convention of the Society of American Florists, which is to be held, this year, in August in the city of Detroit, Mich. It would be a source of great pleasure to the people of this city if the next annual convention could be held here, and I therefore write to urge you to use all your influence to have New York selected by the Society of American Florists as the city in which to hold their convention in the year 1900. Respectfully yours, Robert A. Van Wyck. Mr. O'Mara then spoke of the facilities of which the Society could avail itself in New York City for the holding of its business and social meetings and its exhibition, which were unsurpassed by any city in which the Convention had been held. He said he thought he could assure the- Society that it would have a commodi- ous and convenient building, one which had been erected for the holding of like conventions and trade exhibitions, which was con- tiguous to the New York Central R. E. Depot, located in the hotel and theatre district and near to the heart of the city. As to the social features, he said New York City offered entertainments of a quality and quantity equal, if not superior, to those of any city on the Continent. He continued: Without going beyond the limits of Greater New York we can offer you the seashore and the mountains, though the latter may not be so high as some that you have in the great West, and a variety of scenery in any direction in which you may go, all being within easy reach by rail or water, by trolley car or steamboat. Without further occupying time in presenting the claims of New York city, I will only add that New York wants you and reaches out her hand to you in welcome. Mr. James Dean, of Babylon, N. Y., seconded Mr. O'Mara's in- vitation, and said he spoke in behalf of the florists and gardeners of the City and State of New York and of New Jersey also, for the latter were with their New York brethren in this matter. He spoke of the facilities of New York City for handling a crowd and claimed that, while the West had shown great progress in the business, New York and the East had done likewise and had SOCIETT OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 39 achieved much in the last ten years which his hearers would be benefited by seeing, from a tradesman's point of view. He said that, on the social end, the best that could be done would be done to take care of them; that New York City wanted the florists to come there in great numbers, and that they would be given a good time. He then read the following from the Governor of New York State, addressed to the Society of American Florists: As the chief executive officer of the State of New York, permit me to express the hope that you will hold your next annual meeting in this State. No State of the Union is more proud of the work done by her horticultural societies and florists' associations than is our State; and, should you conclude to accept our invitation, I can assure you of a hearty welcome. Believe me, sincerely yours, Theodore Roosevelt. (Applause.) Mr. Dean then enumerated some of the attractions of New York City, among which he mentioned Central Park, Prospect Park, in Brooklyn, with its beautiful scenery, and the numerous libraries and art galleries of the city. He said he thought the visitors would find in these a source of much pleasure. He added that he enjoyed pleasure in a rational way, but did not believe in it to the neglect of business, and, while he wanted to see a large meet- ing in New York City, he did not suppose the florists would come there for pleasure solely. He, for one, desired that the Convention should be noted for the business it did. The President invited additional nominations, but none other was named. On motion of Mr. J. L. Dillon, of Bloomsburg, Pa., the nomi- nations closed. On motion of Mr. Edgar Sanders, of Chicago, who said he acted on behalf of the Western visitors, the Secretary was in- structed to cast a ballot as the unanimous vote of the Society in favor of New York City as the place for the next meeting. The President announced that the ballot had been cast and New York City had been selected. 40 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION NOMINATION OF OFFICERS. The nomination of officers for the ensuing year was the next business. Mr. John N. May, of Summit, N. J., called attention to the custom of selecting a Vice-President from the locality in which the next Convention was to be held. He explained that by way of avoiding a possible contest for that office, the New Yorkers and Jerseyites had informally selected Mr. F. R. Pierson, of Tarry- town, 1ST. Y., as their candidate. The Convention proceeded to take an informal ballot for nomi- nations, the members writing on prepared blank forms the names of their candidates. Messrs. J. M. Gasser, E. G. Gillett, Benjamin Hammond and C. S. Loder acted as tellers. During the counting the following business was transacted. COMMITTEE ON PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION. The President: We have completed our regular business of the morning, but there are one or two deferred matters which should be taken up, one of which is a communication from the Pan-American Exposition. Will the Secretary kindly read it? Secretary Stewart read as follows : Pan-American Exposition, 1901. Buffalo, August 14, 1899. Society of American Florists: Gentlemen — We take great pleasure in extending to you the best wishes of the Pan-American Exposition and in wishing you a thoroughly enjoyable and profitable meeting. It Is the feeling of every person con- nected with the Bureau of Horticulture that the exhibits in it, both within and outside the buildings, should be the best that have ever been made at any exposition in America. To the end that we may have the co-operation of your body, both as a body and individually, we beg to request that you appoint an advisory committee of perhaps three or five members to confer, at such time as may be convenient, with those who may have charge of the Bureau of Horticulture at this Exposition. We fully believe that such an advisory committee might be of great use to us, and we should take great pleasure in availing ourselves of such suggestions and advice as they may give which may be fitted to our conditions. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 41 Again wishing you all success at this and subsequent meetings, we beg to subscribe ourselves, Yours truly, R. K. Smither, Chairman Sub-Committee on Horticulture. F. W. Taylor, Director of Exhibits and Concessions. Mr. P. O'Mara, of New York City: I move the President be em- powered to name a committee of three for the purpose stated, said com- mittee to be selected from the Buffalo Florists' Club. Mr. Wm. Gammage. of London. Ont.: I second the motion. Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo. N. Y.: I do not think it would be ad- visable to limit the selection of the committee in that way. I take this opportunity to say that, when the movement was in its inception, in 1897, it was contemplated to hold the Pan-American Exposition in the present year, 1899, and the interests then identified with it were merely those of individuals. The breaking out of the Spanish war prevented the carrying out of the project at that time, although its promoters had gone so far with it as to invite President McKinley to come there, which he did. He drove a stake at the point fixed upon in 1897 as the proposed site of the Fair; but, like the stakes that were driven for their tents by our soldiers in Cuba, that stake has since been pulled out. Since the spring of this year the Exposition idea has been taken hold of most enthusiastically by the whole community in Buffalo. Within a very short time a million and a half dollars was subscribed locally. Then they went to Washington and obtained half a million from the Federal Government. They went to Albany, the capital of our State, and received $300,000. There is no doubt, but that if any more is needed, the State of New York will come to the relief of the enterprise. For one, I have great faith in the Exposition. As Mark Twain said about the Peace Congress, "The Emperor of Russia is for peace, and so am I, and the rest don't amount to much;" so, I say, the Pan-American will be a great success, and I have no doubt of it. (Applause.) The chairman of the Sub-committee on Horticulture, Mr. Smither, a well- known and excellent gentleman, is a druggist and is a horticulturist only for pastime. He and Professor Taylor are associated on that committee and will be closely identified with it. A dozen of our leading citizens of Buffalo and a number of well-known patrons of horticulture throughout the State of New York are on the committee, and its mem- bership will also include two members from each State. Therefore, our committee of the S. A. F. should be made up of three of the best mem- bers of our organization, taken from different sections of the country. Certainly, we do not want the membership to be confined to Buffalo, for that field is already well covered. It will not be necessary for these gentlemen to attend the committee meetings, though the committee would undoubtedly feel highly honored in having them present, but 42 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION their views and advice would be regarded as valuable, and they should, therefore, be appointed because of their wide experience and positive ability. For this reason I suggest that the committee should be so constituted as to be fairly representative of the floral interests of the country. Mr. O'Maka in support of his motion, argued that if residents of Buffalo were appointed on the committee they would be able to personally attend the committee meetings, whereas if a resident of Hoboken or Tuckahoe (merriment) or any other of the large towns was appointed he might not go to Buffalo. As to personal qualifications, Mr. O'Mara said he thought that as good talent could be found in Buffalo as anywhere in the United States. He added that his only interest in the matter was to secure, in behalf of the Society, the best possible results from the appointment of the com- mittee. President Kudd asked to say a word. He explained that he thought that Mr. O'Mara, in making his motion, had mistaken the intent of the gentlemen from whom the request for a committee had come, their desire evidently being to have a representative commit- tee of the S. A. F.. which would be of a national character. Had they wanted to have a committee of Buffalo florists they would have addressed their request to the Florists' Club of that city, but the Buffalo florists were already enlisted in the movement, and each and every one of them stood ready to respond to any call from the Exposition management, which would doubtless avail itself of their aid. Mr. J. D. Cakmody, of Evansville, Ind., said he agreed entirely with President Eudd and Mr. Scott in the view they had ex- pressed, and that both were able men and knew what they were talking about. It was manifest that what was desired was a com- mittee of a thoroughly national and representative character, as the Exposition managers wanted to spread the influence of the ^Exposition abroad, and to stimulate interest in it throughout as wide a circle as possible. Therefore, he thought, the committee should be selected from all over the country, so that it would rep- resent the far South and the other sections, and its influence could he felt in those sections in behalf of the Exposition. Mr. G-. L. Gkant, of Chicago, moved to amend Mr. O'Mara's SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 43 motion so as to leave the appointment of the committee to the discretion of the Chair, and that he select the members from the Society at large. Mr. P. J. Hauswirth, of Chicago, seconded the amendment. Mr. O'Mara then accepted the amendment as a modification of his own motion. A vote was taken and the motion as modified was adopted without objection. ANNOUNCEMENTS. The Secretary here read a communication from Mr. Fred Breitmeyer, inviting the florists to come and visit him on Satur- day afternoon or evening, or both, at the Casino, Mt. Clemens; adding, "Open house for all." (Applause.) Mr. John N. May made a brief but urgent appeal to the mem- bers to attend the meeting in the hall of the Convention at 2 o'clock p. M., to consider the interests of the American Eose Society. Mr. Wm. C. Barry, of Eochester, ¥. Y., President of the Ameri- can Eose Society, made a similar appeal. He said that, on account of the proposed boat ride, the afternoon session would necessarily be a short one, and he therefore advised his hearers to spend less than the usual time at dinner, so that they might give more time to the talk on roses, which was of importance to every florist. He continued : "We want every one of you to join the new Society, and we want to show you that it will be to your advantage to do so. Our effort is to have that Society extend all over the country. You are to be the pioneers of it, the workers for it in getting new members in your differ- ent localities. If you do not come to the meeting we will have lost our opportunity for another year — a very long time to wait. We must get to work without delay. Mr. P. O'Mara suggested that possibly an arrangement could be made by which the discussion on the rose could be continued dur- ing the excursion on the steamboat, after it had been begun at the afternoon session. The President replied that the suggestion would probably be acted upon at the afternoon session. 44 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION Mr. J. C. Vaughan, of Chicago, referring to Mr. O'Mara's sug- gestion, remarked that attempts had been made at previous con- ventions to hold secondary or outside sessions for particular pur- poses, but he had never known them to be successful. He thought that the suggestion to make the dinner time short and to return punctually at two o'clock was the only one which promised good results. Mr. P. J. Hauswirth said that if the business of the S. A. F. could be allowed to give way temporarily at this time, and that of the Eose Society be taken up, the rose question could be discussed before the members retired. Mr. W. K. Harris, of Philadelphia, said he did not regard Mr. Hauswirth's suggestion as a practical one, as the morning ses- sion had nearly expired, and also because if the Eose Society was favored in that way, the Carnation, Crysanthemum and other socie- ties might ask for the same privilege, and the time of the Con- vention would be occupied by them. CO-OPERATIVE PURCHASE. The President: The matter of the Co-operative Purchase Depart- ment is one that seems to be of considerable importance and deserving of some recognition. It was assigned from yesterday until to-day's session for discussion. Has any gentleman anything to say on the subject? Mr. Albert M. Herr, of Lancaster, Pa.: I hope we will hear from some of the members of the Purchase Committee. The President: The Chair calls upon Mr. Harris, a member of the committee, to favor us with some information or suggestions. Mr. W. K. Harris, of Philadelphia: Mr. President, I am sorry to say that, though I am a member of the committee, I have left the whole matter in the hands of Mr. Wood, who has been the active mem- ber and perhaps the only one who has done anything. He has written to me for some suggestions, or for approval of his own, and I have al- ways accepted the suggestions he made. Therefore, I have nothing to offer on the matter, as I don't know much about the practical workings of the system. The work of the committee has been done so efficiently by Mr. Wood that I have allowed him to take charge of my part of it. Mr. Coles is here; he is a member of the committee, and perhaps has been more energetic than myself. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 45 Mr. W. W. Coles, of Kokomo, Ind.: Mr. President, I am in the same boat with Mr. Harris; I have left nearly everything to Mr. Wood. Judging from the report that Mr. Wood read yesterday, I think that the Co-operative Department, if got into working order, would be a good thing. In fact, it saved last year a good many dollars for several florists. I think it ought to be carried forward; that is my opinion. Mr. E. H. Cushman, of Euclid, 0.: I want to say a word by way of speaking for a gentleman who will not speak for himself. He is en- gaged in the florist business. He states that, through the purchasing agency, he has made quite a little sum this year, in building a new greenhouse. That is one result of the practical working of it. I think it ought to have the support of this Society and that, if held up long enough and put in working shape, it will help us in an increasing ratio every year. Mr. E. G. Hill, of Richmond, Ind.: If the S. A. F. wants to give this co-operative principle a practical trial, I would suggest that we or- ganize ourselves into a stock company and that we buy a window-glass plant. (Applause.) There are quite a number of co-operative concerns scattered through the country, in the glass belt and other sections, and if we could just hitch on to some of those workmen, give them forty- nine per cent, and we take fifty-one per cent., we could get glass at a reasonable price. As a starter, I would suggest that we turn over the matter of buying a glass plant to the Co-operative Committee of the So- ciety. We were simply held up and robbed this year by the American Window Glass Company; that is all there is about that. And while I have always voted in favor of the protective tariff, I would no longer vote for a 140 per cent, tariff for the exclusive benefit of the glass robbers. I would suggest that the committee take this matter into consideration and see if we cannot do something on that line. Mr. J. D. Carmody, of Evansville, Ind., being called upon by the Chair, made a humorous reply, which provoked general merri- ment. He said: About this plan of buying, I would simply say that I have not been approached by your committee to make a special price on hinges and boilers to this Society. If I had been, I would have made most bountiful concessions to my dear friends, the florists — a people for whose pockets I have the highest regard. There is no class whom I would be more glad to see with plethoric pocketbooks than the florists; and if I am permitted to contribute my little mite for their benefit, in what they can get from me, I will make as big a reduction as possible. I will give them the lion's share of the profits. It really makes me think that this committee have not been doing their duty, because they have never approached me at all. (Merriment.) 46 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION Mr. J. L. Dillon, of Bloonisburg, Pa., was requested by the Chair to say a word on the subject. He said: I was much entertained by Mr. Hill's remarks. I think that, while he has been plucked pretty well by the glass companies, he has also been pretty well plucked by the potteries. Mr. C. W. Ward, of Queens (L. I.), N. Y.: I think that Mr. Hill has hardly covered the ground. I think there are other parties who need our attention. If we are going into a combination, I think we ought to get possession of one of those co-operative pipe factories. I suggest that a special committee be appointed to take this matter into consideration and see if we cannot absorb the major share of the profits on pipe. Mr. John N. May, of Summit, N. J.: It appears to me that trust companies have been bleeding the florists pretty thoroughly and that it is about time the florists began to form a trust. If those concerns are putting up the prices two, three and four hundred per cent, on the goods we want to buy, why shouldn't we put our prices up to corre- sponding figures? Florists all over the country to-day are selling goods at practically no profit at all, but there is no occasion to do it. Gentle- men, if you will all make up your minds to advance prices, the public will have to pay them; and I don't see why we should sell goods at a rate that is unprofitable any more than other manufacturers have to do it, because we are manufacturers in the fullest sense of the word. It is only by observation and consulting each other's ideas in the matter that we can protect ourselves. In other words, if the S. A. F. form a mutual co-operative society, and will say that they do not believe in selling their goods below cost, and do believe in charging a good round price, we will make other manufacturers pay us the same as we have to pay them. Mr. J. C. Vaughan, of Chicago, was called on by the Chair. He expressed the opinion that if a general advance of prices had been made by the florists of the country hundreds of thousands of dollars could have been added to the receipts of the trade last spring, and at the same time all plants could have been sold. He suggested that a representative committee of the commercial florists of the coun- try, or a committee of this Society, could have issued a statement, about February 1st, showing the general condition of the plant market, and advising the retail plantsmen that, in the opinion of the committee, a fifty per cent, advance could be made on all plant prices for the spring trade. Then the growers could have acted on such advice. Mr. Vaughan continued: Nor is it yet too late for our trade to make a general advance, as is plainly being done by all other lines of trade. What we failed to do the past season is still possible of accomplishment. Bearing in mind that good quality must go with a fair price, florists SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 47 who grow good plants, the coming year, may with safety add fifty per cent, to former prices and dispose of their stock before June 15th next. Mr. Eobert Ceaig, of Philadelphia, was called upon. He said : I have been much interested in the discussion. I like Mr. Hill's idea, because there is something definite about that. If we attempted to raise the prices of our plants all over the country we would find it too big a job; but we could get control of a glass plant and get the glass at about the actual cost price. We all have to buy glass every year; we cannot do business without glass, and we don't want to pay two or three prices for it. Why can't we have our own glass plant? That is a practical idea. I would like to see that followed up. Then the Society would be doing something. I hope it will not be dropped, but that a committee will be appointed to push the matter. If we don't do anything else at this Convention but just get that glass plant, we will do a good thing. Mr. H. Thiemann, of Manchester, Mass., was the next speaker. He argued that, in their practical application, the words "trust" and "combination" were different in meaning. He said he did not believe in a trust; he regarded a trust as antagonistic to the laws of the United States, but he was in favor of a combination. He thought that this was something which the Society of American Florists needed. (Merriment and applause.) Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, N. Y. : It was very pleasant to listen to the remarks of Mr. May, and I wish it would all come to pass that we could raise the prices. My impression has been, this year, that prices were what we call "firm." I don't think that, in the trade in which I am largely engaged, that of bedding and ornamental plants, there has been any serious drop even during the bad times. We get fairly good prices. But competition is the soul of trade, and we could never raise prices by any mutual agreement. Ten men might agree on a price, but if the eleventh man stepped in and afterward dropped his price, the rest would come down to it. In retailing, a man cannot always gain trade by underselling his competitor. There are men who sell at half prices, but respectable people come to respectable florists. Now, I don't agree with Mr. Thiemann in his assertion that trusts are antagonistic to the laws of the United States. I don't believe they are. There is nothing criminal in six men saying, "Let us pool our interests," and I do not see that any law can be enacted to stop them. But what did Mr. Havemeyer say about the sugar trust? I want Mr. John G. Esler to listen to this. Mr. Havemeyer said that Protection (the tariff) was the mother of trusts. Now, let me illustrate. Glass can be made and sold for $2.25 per box; that is, within a certain bracket, 48 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION viz., 12x12, 14x14 or 16x16. It is now $4.50. Who gets this? The manu- facturer lived and did very well at the low price, and he now gets that great profit. The laborer is not getting it, for the glassblower has been idle for some months. When the tariff is 140 per cent, it is more than protection — it is prohibition. That precludes the possibility of sending to Belgium or England for glass. I think that our legis- lative committee should be instructed to make an effort to lay be- fore Congress the propriety and sense of taking off the tariff, so that when the trust gets the price up to an enormous figure we can send to the old country and get glass. Protection! What does it protect? Protection is put on ostensibly to keep up our revenue, but glass does not yield a revenue, because none is imported — well, of course, a little may be. It is this ridiculous "protection" that enables the trust to stop us poor working florists from building greenhouses. (Applause.) Mr. C. W. Tubnley, of Haddonfield, N. J.: I think we attach too much importance to raising the prices of our production. It seems to me that we want quality rather than high prices. In the section from which I come we cannot complain of low prices, for many of the florists there have sold their whole product with less difficulty than they sold their product last year. We know that cream always rises to the top. If we go to one greenhouse and see there poor, dwarfed or skinny plants, and go to another where the plants are all in fine con- dition— broad, wide, well developed — we may safely expect that a better price will be realized for the one than for the other. The price will rise in proportion to the quality. Let us not overlook quality in our productions. Mr. E. A. Seidewitz, of Baltimore: I would like to say a word in reference to the glass factory question. Mr. Hill and Mr. Craig are both known as practical men, and we must not argue theories, but must argue facts. In the town from which I come we have a co- operative glass factory for the manufacture of bottles, glass and the like. The original cost of the establishment of that plant was between $10,000 and $12,000, although the output was rather small. In our section we have the sand, and that is one of the reasons we started the factory there, that we might have a good source of supply. I be- lieve that for $20,000 or $25,000 the Society of American Florists can establish a window glass factory; and I cannot see why we, as a So- ciety, should not fight as a combination. I am opposed to all sorts of combinations, but when we have a sore we must take the medicine to cure that sore, and we have a sore in the purchase of glass. The price is entirely too high, and the only way we can fight this trust is by manufacturing our own glass. I think the idea is a practical one. In reference to what has been said about establishing a pipe factory, let me say that the difference between a pipe factory and a glass factory is this, that the pipe factory requires such an enormous plant, whereas a glass plant requires comparatively a small capital to begin SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLOEISTS. 49 business with. I hope that this idea of a glass factory plant will not be abandoned without due consideration. Mr. E. M. Wood, Chairman of the Purchase Committee, being called upon, said: In my paper which I read yesterday I suggested a corporation with a capital of not less than $12,000. That corporation can buy glass factories or pipe factories or anything it pleases to buy for carry- ing on its business. What is proposed is a co-operative department to co-operate in anything that will benefit us. That is to be its aim and object. I now move that a committee of five be appointed to con- sider this matter and to report to this convention, before it adjourns sine die, upon the best method of procedure. Mr. Dillon and other members seconded the motion. The President stated the question on the motion and took a vote upon it. The motion was carried without objection. Mr. Joseph Heacock, of Wyncote, Pa., said he had great re- spect for the opinions of Mr. Hill and Mr. Craig, but he believed in individual action. If those gentlemen thought there was so much money in making glass he would let them hook on to a glass plant, and in doing that they would help to lower the price of glass through competition. He continued: I have not much faith in getting relief by going to Congress. They will vote money into the pockets of the capitalists and none into ours. The place to fight this thing is at the polls, when you vote for your congressmen. Mr. J. L. Dillon: I think it is an error, in this discussion, to assume that the tariff is responsible for all that we complain of. Now, you take the combination of potters. They certainly have no "pro- tection," yet they combined together this last season and raised the price on us twenty-five per cent. Not only that, but they apportioned the country into divisions, each potter having a division assigned to him. If you have an order here, and should send it out to a potter in another division than your own, he will return it to you and tell you to buy in your division. If you do not choose to buy in your division they will charge you the full list price and not give you any percentage off. There is no "protection" in that; that is a matter for the florist to look after. 50 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION Mr. E. G. Hill: One word more. I believe in being practical in these things, and I have thought, while sitting here, we might reach a conclusion in this matter in less time than it would take to start or buy a glass factory. I suggest this plan, and I would preface it with the statement that I believe the American people are a fair-minded people and will not wink at, neither will they support, iniquity in any class of men. If the Society of American Florists will put in motion a movement to besiege Congress, if each one here will write to his congressman, and get his friends to write to their congressmen, I tell you we can make the dry bones quake and we can have a reduction of the tariff on glass. Let us begin now to write to our congressmen and get everybody else to do the same thing. And when the tariff comes down, glass will come down, that is sure. We cannot expect to have the 140 per cent, duty taken off, but, by concerted and united action, we can have the tariff reduced. I would like to see the officers of this Association, and this committee, take the matter up, formulate a letter and send it all over this country to the florists and to every one interested, and see if we cannot start a small revolution in this line foi our benefit. The discussion here terminated to permit the tellers to make their report on the nomination of officers. The President read the tellers' report on the nominations for President, as follows : E. M. Wood, 84; P. O'Mara, 19; Philip Breitmeyer, 13; E. H. Cush- man, 3; E. G. Hill, 2; Wm. Scott, 2 votes, and each of the following 1 vote: Messrs. May, Pierson, Rudd, Weinhoeber, Lonsdale and Ball. M r. O'Mara withdrew his name in favor of Mr. Wood, for whom he said he had voted. He thanked his friends whose support he had received without soliciting it, and requested them to vote for Mr. Wood. Messrs. Breitmeyer, Cushman and others also withdrew their names. On motion of Mr. C. D. Ball, of Holmesburg, Pa., Mr. Wood was declared the sole nominee. For the nomination for Vice-President the tellers' report was : F. R. Pierson, 124; P. O'Mara, 10; E. M. Wood, 2, and Wm. Hast- ing, J. G. Esler, Robt. George and Philip Breitmeyer, 1 vote each. Mr. O'Mara, in declining the nomination, explained that it had been mutually agreed by the New Yorkers, in advance, that Mr. SOCIETY. OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 51 Pierson should be named for the office. He moved to make Mr. Pierson's nomination unanimous, but the Chair declined to enter- tain the motion under the rules. For the nomination for Secretary the tellers' report was : W. J. Stewart, 89 votes; Messrs. Beatty, Kift, Loder and Esler, 1 vote each. The usual declinations followed until Mr. Stewart was left as the only nominee. For the nomination for Treasurer the tellers' report was : J. G. Esler, 77; H. B. Beatty, 36; W. J. Stewart, 3; Messrs. Lons- dale, Scott, Gillett and Shaw, 2 each, and Messrs. Hammond, Breit- meyer, Taylor and Herr, 1 each. The President announced that the nominees for Treasurer were Messrs. J. G-. Esler and H. B. Beatty. Adjourned. SECOND DAY— AFTEKNOOK Wednesday, August 16, 1899. The session opened soon after two o'clock, with a large attend- ance of members. President Eudd explained that Secretary Stewart, being busilv occupied in the anteroom in receiving membership fees and adding to the Society's bank account, had requested the appointment of a Secretary pro tern, for the afternoon session. Mr. Paul M. Pierson-, of Scarborough, 1ST. Y. (who was sug- gested by Mr. O'Mara), was elected Secretary. He at once entered upon his duties. The President also explained that the session had been set apart for a discussion upon the rose, under the auspices of the American Rose Society, and he would therefore vacate the chair in favor of President Barry of that organization. 52 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION Mr. Wm. C. Barry, of Kochester, N. Y., the President of the American Eose Society, then assumed the chair. He said : Ladies and Gentlemen — You know of what has been done for rose culture in other countries and of the rose societies there, and you are also aware that more has been done for rose culture in America than in any other country. In our large cities of the Bast and West there are to be seen, during the year, in abundance, the finest specimens of roses that can be grown on the face of the globe. These extraordi- nary growths are the result of intelligent effort and of long years of study, industry and enterprise. The flowers go into homes, to decorate and beautify them and to disseminate a taste for the most beautiful things in nature. Whoever produces them is engaged in a laudable work and one which cannot be too highly appreciated by the public. The necessity for a Rose Society has forced itself upon the attention of rose growers and resulted in the movement which is made here to- day. In view of the many grand exhibitions that occur during the year, it seems strange that an efficient organization of this character, in which rose growers could come together and devise means to forward the interests of that flower, has been so long delayed. We have now the opportunity to establish such an organization under favorable auspices, and we need only your co-operation to make it successful. I can assure you that the movement has been received with enthusiasm and that we have pledges of support from the renowned rose growers about New York, Boston, Chicago and the other great cities of the East and West. We realize that we cannot accomplish anything unless those who are in sympathy with us put their shoulders to the wheel and help us, not only by contributions, but by their earnest, practical co-operation. We want to have a society that will make its influence felt. We know what the producers of the country can do and the kind of exhibitions they can make through united and harmonious effort. Mr. Barry again alluded to the benefit to be derived from rose culture, in every community, in stimulating a taste for the beauti- ful. He predicted that the exhibitions of the society would be such as would take rank with the finest art displays. He said that the organization was in the hands of experienced and energetic men, who would make it a success if they received the co-operation and support which they had a right to expect, and that if now estab- lished on a sound financial basis, the society would be liberally patronized by the American people.. He then called on Mr. Craig for a few remarks. Mr. Eobert Craig, of Philadelphia, responded. He said that, as but ten minutes remained before the delegates would leave for the boat ride, he could not occupy much time, but he wanted to indorse SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 53 every word that Mr. Barry had said about the importance of sup- porting the society. As that gentleman had stated, the movement was in good hands ; experienced men like Mr. May, Mr. Asmus and Mr. Pierson having already given and being willing to continue to give their time to it, provided they were supported by the florists interested in roses. He continued : We have only to glance at the work that has been done by the Car- nation Society to get some idea of what may be accomplished by the Rose Society. The Carnation Society has stimulated the raising of American seedlings all over the country. Prior to its organization, a few years ago, there was no official court to which a seedling could be taken to get the stamp of approval upon it; but now hundreds of florists, who are growing carnation seedlings in greater or less quantity, know that when they do get a seedling of merit the public will soon hear of it through the medium of the Carnation Society, by the certificate or medal awarded it by the competent judges of that society. The same result would follow, in respect to roses, through the Rose Society. Of all the countries of the earth none is so well adapted for the growing of seedling roses as our own country. Mr. Hill has already demon- strated that fact. Seed ripens well here, and we are well aware of the requirements in rose growing. We know what is wanted for winter forcing as well as the Englishmen or the Frenchmen do. Then let me urge you to make this society a success. Send your name to Mr. Pier- son, the secretary, with your contributions of three dollars, and induce as many of your friends as possible to join. Let us make the first ex- hibition of the Rose Society, which is set down to occur in New York in March of 1900, a notable one. The premium list for it has already been carefully prepared and will be sent out about October 1. In that list we have endeavored to stimulate not only the growers of tea roses, but the growers of all hybrid teas and such varieties as Luizet. Brunner and other hybrid remontant roses adapted for winter and spring forcing. We want to have them represented there in profusion. (Applause.) Mr. E. G. Hill, of Richmond, Ind., was called upon by the Chair. He said: I have many things in my mind that I wanted to say this after- noon, but owing to the lack of time, they are muddled up and I may not be able to straighten them all out. I was told by one of the largest rose growers in the United States, when I met him on the banks of the Hudson, that unless something was done for the rose in the way of organizing a society to protect and promote its interests, it would fall behind and take a place in the rear of the carnation. One of the largest growers west of the Mississippi River, with over 60,000 feet of glass, who had no knowledge of what this other gentleman had said, repeated to me that gentleman's assertion in virtually the same words. 54 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION The same statement has been made here by a number of gentlemen. Now, the question is, Are we going to let the carnation distance that queen of all beauties in the floral world. I say "No." Then, again, I think that every florist, be he ever so humble, owes a duty to the rose. Take Perle des Jardins. Bride and Bridesmaid — those roses have bought more shoes and calico for the florist's family than anything in the floral kingdom; they have built homes, paid for carpets, papered walls, and you have virtually lived and flourished on those three roses. I want to know, this afternoon, if there is* a sin- gle florist in this broad land who can withhold the paltry sum of three dollars from and deny his support to the American Rose Society? 1 know that you will not. I have always held some radical ideas about these societies, but have never been able to get the florists to coincide in my views. I have re- peatedly expressed the belief that the Socity of American Florists ought to have, to-day, in bank or out at interest, $25,000. If I had had my way we would have had that amount, and more, too. Now, I think we ought to give this American Rose Society a good backbone to start with, in the shape of a financial standing, so that when it wants money it will know where to put its hands upon it. I think there ought to be at least a hundred men, among the florists of this country, each of whom will freely and cheerfully give fifty dollars to the support of this Society, and become life members of it. Those of you who do not feel that you can give fifty dollars may give three dollars and become mem- bers. I must not talk longer, but I have tried to talk right to the point. The other day a Jewish gentleman stepped up to the railroad office in my town and said: "Mister, give me a ticket to Springfield." The ticket agent asked: "Which Springfield?" "Oh, which is the cheap- est?" (Merriment.) Now, I don't want you florists to ask "which is the cheapest" way out of this thing. I tell you there are any number of you who owe this society fifty or a hundred dollars, if not more. So, come right up here to-day and let us have your names, or, better than all, let us have your money. Mr. President, I guess I had better stop — I would like to go on. (Applause.) The speaker here added: Mr. Barry, I would like to be one of that hundred to give fifty dollars. I ask how many more here will join me? The Chairman: Mr. Hill subscribes fifty dollars to make himself a life member. Are there any others? Now is tne time to subscribe. Mr. W. W. Coles, of Kokoiuo, Ind.: Mr. Chairman, how many life members have you on the roll? Mr. John N. May: Mr. Chairman, I can answer that, as I have charge of the funds. The lite members, whose names are down and whose money is out at interest, number seven. We have to-day several more to be added to the list, and we hope to make the list, before this SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 55 convention closes, as large as mentioned by Mr. Hill, one hundred. Ladies and gentlemen, you are probably aware (and I am sure that I am) that I stand here to-day as a representative of what the rose can do for a man — not a very good representative, you may say. I admit frankly and honestly to you that the rose has made me all that I am. I claim that I owe to the queen of flowers the bread and butter of my family, and I claim that it has benefited every florist in this country to an immeasurable extent. Do you not owe it something in return? Will you not help us to make this broad land appreciate better the floral beauty of the rose, for every other flower follows in its train. The queen of flowers must have her appropriate place in our society through a separate organization, for we cannot do for her what we would except by that means. I hope that, while you are on the ex- cursion this afternoon, you will all come to realize that you are under special obligations to the queen of flowers, and that you cannot refuse to contribute to her support and advancement. A number of responses were here made to the appeal of the speakers, after which the meeting adjourned. THE BOAT RIDE. On Wednesday afternoon the members of the Society and their ladies were the guests of the local club on a river excursion. They were accompanied by many residents of Detroit, the excursionists numbering 713. After an enjoyable ride on the steamboat Pleas- ure, along the Detroit Eiver and across Lake St. Clair to the Flats, a fish supper was partaken of at Star Island. During the trip a pleasant social entertainment was enjoyed, songs being rendered by Miss P.. B. Fulmer, Miss Huff, Miss Sack- man and Mrs. Edwards, and impromptu speeches delivered by J. D. Carmody, Wm. Scott, J. X. May, E. A. Seidewitz and others. Edwin Lonsdale, Edgar Sanders and Wm. Plumb also contributed to the entertainment by songs : Warren Ewell delivered an oration in his humorous way, and Dr. E. B. Smith made a reply to it. The party returned at a late hour, much pleased with the hospitality of the Detroit Club. 56 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION THIRD DAY— MORNING. Thursday, August 17, 1899. The Convention was called to order by President Rudd at 10.30 o'clock. REPORTS OP EXHIBITION JUDGES. Sundry reports, which had been received from the judges of displays in the trade exhibition, were read by the secretary. On motion of Mr. John N. May, it was ordered that the re- ports be accepted as read and placed on file. [Note. — These reports are appended in later pages of this volume.] COMMUNICATIONS. Secretary Stewaet also read various communications, among which were the following: From Mr. Stephen Taplin, of Detroit, inviting the delegates to visit him at his greenhouses. From the President and Secretary of the Gardeners' Club of Baltimore (through Mr. Richard Vincent, S. A. F. Vice- President for Maryland), expressing the club's appreciation of and cordial sympathy in the work of the Society and its hope and con- fidence that the Society's deliberations and efforts will be effective in promoting the general welfare of the trade throughout the land. Also a telegram (which had come too late for presentation on the previous day) from the Mayor of Milwaukee, inviting the Con- vention to meet there next year. SPECIAL COMMITTEES. Announcement was made that the special committees author- ized by the Society had been constituted by the Chair as follows : Advisory Committee to the Pan-American Exposition: Messrs. J. C. Vaughan, Patrick O'Mara and Robert George. On Co-operative Purchase: Messrs. E. M. "Wood, E. G. Hill, Robt. Craig, J. L. Dillon and J. M. Gasser. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 57 LIFE MEMBERSHIPS CONFERRED. Mr. W. K. Harris, of Philadelphia, having obtained the floor, said: When it was voted to hold the Convention in Omaha, guarantees were given by certain members against possible financial loss to the Society by reason of the visit to that Western city. There was a loss, and some of those gentlemen have paid up the amounts guaranteed by them. Mr. H. A. Siebrecht and Mr. Benjamin Hammond made such payments. I, therefore, move, in recognition of their generosity, that those gentlemen be made life members of this Society, in like manner as has already been done, in the case of another guarantor. Mr. Kellogg, by the Executive Committee. The President stated the question and a vote was taken, when Mr. Harris's motion was adopted without objection. ROSE HOUSE PESTS. The regular order of business was then proceeded with. This was a paper on "Kose House Pests and How to Annihilate Them," by Mr. Edmund M. Wood, of ETatick, Mass. Mr. Wood prefaced the presentation of the paper with the fol- lowing remarks : Some men are born great, some achieve greatness and some have greatness thrust upon them. Why it was that I was selected to present this important subject I do not know, unless it was because of a paper that I recently wrote upon the Active Honey Bee, in which I under- took to defend that insect from the charge of immorality. This subject of Rose House Pests is an interesting one, and the paper I have pre- pared upon it is quite lengthy. I am largely indebted to Mr. Alex. Montgomery, Jr., for help in the preparation of the paper. He is a son of Mr. Alex. Montgomery, and a graduate of the Agricultural College of Massachusetts. Mr. O'Mara has kindly consented to read the paper. Mr. Wood's paper (which was here read by Mr. O'Mara) was much applauded. It was as follows: ROSE PESTS AND HOW TO EXTERMINATE THEM. It is difficult for me to present to you much that is new, the techni- cal schools and agricultural colleges have been and are doing so much in this line for our benefit. The study of entomology may be divided into two classes — sys- 58 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION tematic, the pure science and economic, the applied or practical science. In presenting this paper I shall deal with the practical side of ento- mology, using only such scientific terms as are necessary to a clear un- derstanding of the subject. All insects with which the florist has to battle belong to the various orders in the class known as Hexapoda. The Hexapoda are six-logged, air-breathing creatures, having a distinct head, thorax and abdomen. They have one pair of antennae, three pairs of legs and usually one or two pairs of wings. There are an immense number of species in this class, probably more than all species of animals and plants combined. Classification of insects is based on the arrangement and struc- ture of the mouth parts, the character of the wings, the relation of the first thoracic segment to the rest of the segments, and the degree of metamorphosis or change through which an insect passes in the com- plete cycle of its existence. Metamorphosis is of two kinds — complete and incomplete. Incomplete signifies that the young, when hatched from the egg, look like the parent, or, in other words, there is no dif- ference in structure between the young and the adults. Complete means that the young do not resemble the parent — that is to say, there is a complete change in the appearance of the insect while passing from the young to the mature state. Insects that undergo no change in appearance pass through an ex- istence of three stages — egg, nymph or young, imago or adult. Those passing through a complete change exist in four stages — egg, larva or caterpillar or grub, pupa or chrysalis, imago or adult. The caterpillar or grub stage and the adult stage are, of course, the only ones in which the insect is capable of doing any damage. In the practical application of insecticides, to be effectual, we must know how insects feed. They may be divided into two general groups — chewing and piercing and sucking. Chewing insects may be killed by applying arsenical compounds, either in dry or liquid form, directly to the foliage of the plants. But with piercing and sucking insects it will readily be seen that poisons applied to the foliage would have no effect, as this class eats only the sap of the plant, consequently we ap- ply a liquid which will come directly in contact with the body and close up the breathing pores, or use some of the various methods of vaporiz- ing. Having once learned how an insect feeds, we can then adopt the proper method for its destruction. There are a large number of species which attack roses, but I shall discuss in this paper only the important ones, which, to the practical florist, are those whose destructiveness amount to dollars and cents. I have used the classification as given by Dr. Harris, and unless otherwise stated it will be so understood. In the first order, Coleoptera, or Beetles, are two rose pests of im- portance— rose bug or rose chafer, and white grub or May beetle. The rose chafer, incorrectly called bug, is a diurnal or day- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 59 working insect. It is seven-twentieths of an inch long, its body is slen- der and entirely covered with very short and close, ashen-yellow down; the thorax is long and narrow, the legs are slender and of a pale red color; the joints of the feet are tipped with black and are very long. These beetles come forth from the ground during the second week in June and remain from thirty to forty days. At the end of this time the males die. The females deposit about thirty eggs in the ground, when they return to the surface, and after lingering a few days die also. The eggs hatch out in twenty days, and by the following June ap- pear as fully developed beetles. The grubs go down below the frost line during the winter, come up and pass through the pupa state in the spring. Thus a complete metamorphosis is effected in one year. The rose chafer has generally been considered destructive to outdoor roses only, but of late years it has appeared in greenhouses. Their ravages may be partially checked by dusting with paris green or hellebore. The June beetle is of a chestnut-brown color, smooth, but covered with little impressed dots. Its average length is nine-tenths of an inch. In its perfect state it feeds on the leaves of the trees, particularly on those of the cherry tree. The grub is a white worm with a brownish head, and when fully grown is about as thick as the little finger. It is said that this grub takes three years to mature. When brought in the soil into the greenhouses it creates great havoc among the roses by eating the roots. When once established in rose beds the only methods of destruction practiced with any degree of success are digging around the roots of the plants and removing the grubs or sprinkling over the soil a thin coating of soot and lime. This, when watered, gives off am- monia, which destroys the grub. But with proper precaution this trouble need not be necessary, for, knowing that the various kinds of grubs go down deep in the soil in the winter to escape the frost, it is evident that the rose grower should obtain his soil late in the fall after the grubs have gone down, or early in the spring before they have come up. Should he neglect to do this, the only way he can get soil free from vermin is by sterilizing it with steam before planting. This will kill all animal life, including the much-dreaded eel worm so common in some rose-growing localities. The order Hemiptera, or true bugs, contains the well known green fly, or plant lice, and the rose leaf hopper, which is often mistaken for thrips. Concerning the green fly, Theodore Wood says: "Perhaps of all the beings which are accustomed to rank together under the title of in- jurious insects there is none, save the locust itself, whose destructive powers are greater than those of the aphides, plant lice or green blight, as they are indifferently termed, and none capable of causing more ter- rible and widespread damage to the crops upon which man so largely depends for a livelihood. There is scarcely a plant or a tree, whether wild or cultivated, which escapes their ravages, stem, leaves, fruit, and 60 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION even the very roots themselves being alike attacked and drained of their life juices by the insatiable little creatures, whose numbers com- pensate for their individual weakness, and render them one of the direst pests to which civilized man is subject. It may seem a wildly exaggerated and unjustifiable statement if we say that but for certain opposing agencies the aphis would overrun the entire world; that it would leave scarcely a green leaf upon the earth, and would cause such terrible devastation that all terrestrial life would wholly disappear and the globe become one vast desert and utterly without living beings of any kind. Incredible as the assertion may seem, however, such re- sults are no more than must logically follow if the aphis could be allowed to remain perfectly unmolested during a period of but a single year." Reanur estimated that one aphis may be the progenitor of almost six thousand million individuals during the few weeks over which her life extends. But it is unnecessary to dwell further on what the aphis might do if unmolested. It is sufficient for the rose grower to know that, with tobacco in its various forms, he may at all times keep his plants free from the pest. There are three natural enemies of plant lice which keep them from multiplying to excess — the larvae of the hemispherical beetles familiarly known as lady birds or lady bugs, the larva? of the golden- eyed, lace-winged fly, the maggots or young of the various two-winged flies belonging to the genus syrphus. The rose leaf hopper is often mistaken for thrips. It lives upon the leaves of rose bushes, and is very injurious to them. In its perfect state it is rather less than three-twentieths of an inch long. Its body is yellowish white, its wing covers and wings are white and transparent, and its eyes, claws and piercer brown. Their numerous cast skins may be seen adhering to the lower side of the leaves. Leaf hoppers can be easily destroyed with pyrethrum fumes of a commercial preparation called XL All. In the order Hymenoptera, stingers and piercers, we find two rose pests — slugs and rose gall flies. The rose slug is transparent, jelly-like, greenish above and yellow- ish below. It eats the upper surface of the leaves, leaving patches of the lower surface and the veins. These slugs usually feed by night and remain hidden on the lower surface of the leaves by day. When ready to pupate, they crawl down or drop to the ground and burrow beneath the surface. Here each makes a little cell and then transforms. The adult fly is shining black, with smoky wings, and with the fore end middle legs grayish or dirty white. It is about one-fifth of an inch in length. There are two broods a year, one in June and one in August. The last brood passes the winter in the ground. Syringing ought to keep them off the bushes. If they should appear they can be destroyed with a solution of whale oil soap or with kerosene emulsion. The gall fly is of a brownish red or cinnamon color, with four little longitudinal grooves on the top of the thorax; the lower part of the an- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 61 tennae is red and the remainder black. The insect measures from one- eighth to three-sixteenth of an inch in length. Great numbers of these gall-flies are bred in the irregular woody galls of the stems of rose bushes. There is no known remedy. As soon as the galls appear the affected parts should be cut off. There is a natural enemy of the gall fly, a parasite which does much to keep it in check. The parasites are flies which lay their eggs in the galls. The maggots which hatch out from the eggs eat the young of the gall flies. The order Lepidoptera, moths, gives us one of the worst pests of all — the leaf roller. Leaf rollers are the young of small, cinnamon-brown colored moths. The wings expand to about an inch. The moths lay their eggs on the leaves and in the tips of the rose buds. The cater- pillars which hatch out from these eggs eat the centre out of the bud or roll up the leaves. After destroying the leaves they pass into the pupa state and finally emerge from this as moths. They do a great deal of damage during the spring and summer months, but there seems to be no satisfactory remedy for their complete destruction. By careful hand-picking they may be kept in check. Should they become very troublesome, Paris green or hellebore should be dusted over the bushes. The order, called by Comstock Physopoda, contains the thrips. The members of this order have four wings; they are similar in form, long, narrow, membranous, not folded, with but few or no veins, and only rarely with cross veins. They are fringed with long hairs, and are laid horizontally along the back when at rest. The metamorphosis is incomplete. The mouth parts are probably used chiefly for sucking; they are intermediate in form between those of the sucking and those of the biting insects. They are so small that it would take a dozen or more placed end to end to measure an inch. They are extremely lively, leaping or taking flight with great agility. These little insects are generally considered one of the very worst pests that the rose grower has to contend with. They have been known to completely ruin a whole crop of roses. Their plan of destruction is to enter the bud and suck the sap from the base of the petals, thus causing the flower to come curled or crumpled and deformed. I understand that this pest is very troublesome in certain localities this season, and is causing much damage to roses, especially American Beauties. To all those growers who have thus far been unable to cope successfully with this little enemy I can say that, in Pyrethrum, and also a commercial prep- aration called XL All, they have remedies which will entirely rid their greenhouses of this pest. I shall shortly give directions for the use of these preparations. The red spider is not a true insect. According to Comstock, it be- longs to the order Acarina, mites, in the class Arachnida, spiders. Everybody knows the red spider. Plants can be kept free from this mite by careful and persistent syringing. If from any cause the pest should become troublesome, the plants should be sprayed with whale 62 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION oil soap. Sulphur on the heating pipes will also keep it in check. This, then, completes the list of the more important rose pests. We will now direct our attention to the means of annihilating them. Paris green, the poison most generally used for chewing insects, is a combination of copper and arsenic, containing about fifty-five per cent, arsenic. It is slightly soluble in water, but if a little lime is added the arsenic becomes practically insoluble. Applied at the rate of a quarter of an ounce to four gallons of water, it will not injure the foliage. It may be applied dry, using one part, by weight, to one hun- dred parts plaster. London purple, a by-product from aniline dyes, costs less than Paris green. It contains about the same per cent, of arsenic, but in a much more soluble form, thus rendering it more liable to burn the foliage. The percentage of arsenic varies so greatly in London purple that, although it costs less, it cannot be recommended in preference to Paris green. White arsenic is soluble and burns the foliage. It should not be used on rose bushes. Hellebore is made from the roots of a plant. It is less dangerous than the mineral poisons, and kills both by contact and by being eaten. It may be applied in liquid form at the rate of one ounce to three gal- lons of water, or dry, using one part to five parts plaster. Pyrethrum is made from a plant of the genus pyrethrum. There are three brands on the market — Dalmation powder, Persian insect powder and bubach. Persian insect powder is probably the best. It should always be obtained fresh, as it loses its destructive properties on being exposed to the air. This powder is an effective remedy for the destruction of leaf hoppers and thrips. The house, to be treated, should be closed and the powder sprinkled on hot coals carried on a shovel. The fumes are harmless to the operator, but are death to the insects. To carry on the operation on a large scale it would be ad- visable to burn the powder on oil or alcohol heaters. Kerosene emulsion is made as follows: Kerosene, two gallons; soap, one-half pound; water, two gallons. Heat the mixture of soap and water to boiling and add the kerosene. Churn the mixture with a force pump and spray nozzle five or ten minutes. Dilute to fifty gal- lons with cold water. Kerosene emulsion is very liable to injure the foliage, and should be used only with great caution. Whale oil soap should be used at the rate of one-fourth pound to a gallon of water. Anything stronger than this will injure the foliage. Tobacco. The simplest way of using tobacco is to burn the dry stems, but this method is not much used in rose houses, as the smoke fades the flowers. Rose leaf extract is very satisfactory, but is incon- venient to use on a large scale. Steaming the stems is economical and effective for large houses. Lime, wood ashes and soot help to keep down pests if incorporated with the soil before planting. In this connection I may mention that SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 63 in 1884 I imported soot, being the first in this country to introduce it for greenhouse purposes. I have found a mixture of lime and soot the only effectual remedy for the destruction of myriapods, commonly called "thousand-legged worms." The lungs in these worms are situated on the under part of the body. The ammonia rising from the com- pound enters the lungs, causing the death of the worms. Hydrocyanic acid gas gives promise of becoming a valuable in- secticide, but has not yet been used with success in rose houses, as the gas injures the young shoots. Bisulphide of carbon has been used successfully on red spider and green fly. It is liable to injure foliage, is a poison, is extremely in- flammable and so cannot be recommended. The commercial preparation called XL All Fumigating Liquid, which I have referred to, is manufactured in England. When heated over a spirit lamp it gives fumes which are sure death to aphides, mealy bugs and every kind of thrips. This preparation is undoubtedly the best thing known at the present time for the destruction of all those pests for which the much-exploited hydrocyanic acid gas is recom- mended. Moreover, it accomplishes the desired result and without the slightest injury to the most delicate plants. The cost is high — six dol- lars for sufficient liquid to fumigate 2,000 feet, or a modern rose house 22x100 feet. Taking results into consideration, I am not prepared to say that it is expensive. While the foregoing insecticides may not prove effectual in com- pletely annihilating pests after they have become firmly established, still, if precaution is taken to use them in time, they will at least prove preventive. Discussion of the paper was invited, but no response was made. Mr. W. W. Coles said the paper was an able and valuable one, and he regretted there was no discussion of it. He moved a vote of thanks to its author. The motion was carried. ELECTION OF OFFICERS. The next order of business was the election of officers. On motion of Mr. J. D. Carmody, it was ordered that the Sec- retary cast one ballot as the vote of the Society for Mr. Edmund M. Wood, the only nominee, for President. President Rudd announced the casting of the ballot and Mr. Wood's election. 64 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION President-elect Wood, in making acknowledgment of the honor, remarked that if all the petals of his roses in the conservatories at Natick could speak for him, they would fail to give sufficient ex- pression to his grateful and thankful feelings. He said he valued the honor of his election because it had been conferred by the dele- gates of their own free will, and he prized it because it would en- able him, in his humble way, to materially aid in advancing the in- terest of the Society. He pledged his energy and best efforts toward placing it in the position to which it was entitled as the greatest and grandest society of florists in the world. The Secretary reported two candidates for the office of Vice- President, viz., F. E. Pierson and Patrick O'Mara. On motion of Mr. O'Mara (who declined to be a candidate), a ballot was cast by the Secretary as the vote of the Society for Mr. Pierson, and his election was anounced. The Vice-President elect, Mr. F. K. Pierson, of Tarrytown, 1ST. Y., being called upon, said: I am not a speaker, and am afraid I will disappoint you. I am not unappreciative of the honor which you have conferred upon me ; it comes unsought, but I thank you sincerely for my election to this important office. As a repre- sentative of the City of New York, and of the Empire State, I can assure you of a hearty welcome at the convention of 1900, which, I hope, will be a memorable convention; and while we may not be able to outdo the royal reception which has been accorded us by De- troit, I can assure you that your reception by us will be no less hearty and genuine. I hope that at New York we will see not only those who are here, but a much larger gathering of florists of the country. ( Applause. ) President Eudd announced that for the office of Secretary the tellers had reported but one nominee, Mr. Wm. J. Stewart. On motion of Mr. John N. May, a ballot was cast by the Presi- dent for Mr. Stewart, and his election was announced. Secretary Stewart was then called upon. He said : Gratitude is a plant which, in my case, watered and nurtured by your kind- ness and forbearance, as it has been for many years, has attained a very large and vigorous growth. I cannot express that gratitude as I feel it. I have had occasion before to say that I thought sees retaries, like all things in this world, were made for some certain SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 65 good use and should devote themselves to that. The secretary's business is working and not talking, so that I know you will pardon me from saying anything more than simply trying to express my gratitude and assuring you that I will do all in my power for the advancement and the good of the Society of American Florists and try to merit the honor and kind consideration which }uffalo. He said : Many thousands of dollars have been appropriated for it, and a very choice tract of land has been set apart for the Exhibition. It will be attended by an unprecedented gathering of people from all over this great continent. Every one who can go to Buffalo in 1901 will be there. In connection with the Exhibition, there will be a Bureau of Horticul- ture, and possibly a Superintendent of Horticulture. Certain clubs and many representative florists of this country have recommended for that position a certain gentleman whom we all know. I think it would be eminently fitting for this National Society to be heard in the matter of that recommendation; and it is gratifying to his friends to know 92 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION that he whom we are prepared to recommend and nominate is the very same gentleman whom the florists' clubs and the representative florists of America have recommended. I, therefore, make a motion that the Society of American Florists, in session here assembled, endorse the candidacy of Mr. William Scott, of Buffalo, for the position of Super- intendent of Horticulture at the Pan-American Exhibition. Mr. W. W. Coles seconded the motion. The motion was adopted by a unanimous vote, and the Chair an- nounced that the Secretary would be instructed to communicate with the proper parties in regard to the action just taken. THE QUESTION BOX. The Secretary announced, as the only remaining question in the Question Box, the following: "Is a steam pump or a hot air pump the better for pumping water into a tank sixty feet from the pump, elevating the water about twenty feet? Which will be the cheaper in regard to cost, labor, repairing, etc., provided they have good care? The tank is 34 feet high, 6 feet wide, and is to be filled in ten hours." Mr. C. W. Ward: As a general rule, the hot air pump is not of much value where it is pumping against pressure. Where you have not too much of a load, the hot air is much cheaper than the steam pump. I should say that a wind-mill of large capacity would be cheaper than anything. President Rfdd: In connection with this subject, the Chair would like to state a little experience he has lately had with a gasoline engine. We have found that the gasoline engine is an exceedingly economical apparatus on account of the saving in attention and labor. We have been for many years pumping with steam at an expense of $2.25 per day. We have lately installed a gasoline engine that will do the same pumping at practically no expense whatever for labor except to start the pump, and to go in and oil once or twice a day, the cost of which might be put down at forty cents. There is no question that Mr. Ward's state- ment about the windmill is eminently true where a windmill can be used. INVITATION TO THE EXHIBITION AT OTTAWA. Mr. Wm. Gammage, of London, Ontario, Can.: Mr. President, I ask to say a word or two, as a representative here from that land across che river. On behalf of the Canadian Society, I tender to this Society SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 93 a cordial invitation to attend the exhibition of the Canadian Horticul- tural Society, in September, at Ottawa. While it may not be a very large one, it will be representative of the locality, and there we will show you, incidentally, rose growing to perfection. I am very happy to have been at your meeting here; and I cannot say that we can give you, over there, the same bountiful entertainment that the Detroit florists have given us here, but we will give you a cordial welcometrr-crttf Do- minion. More than that, we will give you a demonstration of that Anglo-American feeling of good will that exists between the two na- tions. We tender you the glad hand of welcome to our exhibition. The President: The Chair assumes that it is the wish of the audi- ence that the gentleman (Mr. Gammage) and those for whom he speaks in extending this invitation to us shall receive our cordial thanks for the same and the assurance that all of us who can will attend the ex- hibition. GENERAL BUSINESS. Mr. C. S. Loder, of New York City: Mr. President, I have been re- quested by the National Association of Agricultural Implement and Ve- hicle Manufacturers to present a matter to this Convention upon which they ask for its co-operation. They desire to attain these three objects — first, to compel the express companies, to pay for the stamp on their receipts; second, to get a parcel post system; and, third, to establish a uniform freight classification. They have found by experience, in theii work, that they accomplish nothing when they have simply passed for- mal resolutions at their business sessions, but that they did accom- plish considerable good in the past by having some representative mem- bers from every kindred organization go to Washington to promote the objects they sought to accomplish. They therefore request that we ap- point a committee to meet with their committee, and with committee- men from other organizations, at Washington, this coming winter. I therefore submit this matter to you as per their request, without further comment. The President: A motion to refer it to the Legislative Committee will be in order. Mr. E.M.Wood: I make that motion. The motion was adopted unanimously. The President asked whether there was any further business to he disposed of before final adjournment. He suggested that the Report of the Committee on Final Resolutions could he filed when presented. Mr. Wm, Scott suggested to the Committee on Final Resolu- 94 PKOCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION tions to incorporate in their report a suitable recognition of the local press for the able manner in which they had illustrated the pro- ceedings of the convention, its officers and some of the members. (Merriment and applause.) At this point, the business of the convention having been fin- ished (at 10.45 p. m.), an adjournment sine die was ordered. FOURTH DAY.— RECREATION. Friday, August 18, 1899. The arrangement of the programme whereby the entire time on Friday was allotted to the enjoyment of sports, sightseeing and visiting, was thoroughly appreciated by all, and particularly by that large and influential section of the members interested in the annual bowling tournament between the representatives of various cities, The bowling alleys were visited by the members generally through- out the day during the progress of the games, and much enthusiasm was displayed. After the close the following report of the Commit- tee on Final Resolutions was presented and adopted without a dis- senting voice. FINAL RESOLUTIONS. The Committee on Final Resolutions beg leave to submit the follow- ing report: Whereas, On the occasion of this, the Fifteenth Annual Convention of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, the Florists' Club and the good citizens of Detroit have more than fulfilled the most sanguine expectations of every member present arising from the cordial invitation extended a year ago for the Society to visit this beautiful City by the Lake, with respect to the heartiness of the wel- come given us at this time, the most generous hospitality accorded us, and the siucere endeavor of every one to cater to our creature comfort and delectation, making our stay here one of great pleasure, long to be remembered; Therefore be it Resolved, That the officers and members of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists feel deep- ly grateful for, and do hereby acknowledge all the courtesies so freely and fully extended; Resolved, That we also tender our heartfelt thanks to his Honor, Mayor W. C. Maybury, for his words of welcome and kindly greeting, SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 95 his sound advice imparted, and altogether eloquent address, which will long remain fresh in our memories; Resolved, That we appreciate the tokens of greeting from the offi- cials and good people of this beautiful city that meet us on every side, as exemplified in the outward demonstration of same appearing on the Municipal Building and the other numerous less ostentatious displays observed throughout the city; Resolved, That we are under special obligations to the chairmen of the various committees of the Florists' Club of Detroit; that we highly esteem the kindly thought that prompted the erection of the magnificent and artistic triumphal arch and other decorations that greet us on our approach to and in the meeting hall; and especially do we sincerely thank the chairmen of the entertainment, bowling and shooting com- mittees for their unremitting attention and earnest efforts — which have contributed in no small measure to the success of one of our most de- lightful annual gatherings. We are also indebted to many of the offi- cials and citizens of Detroit for their munificence, shown in connection with the recreative features of this Convention; Resolved, That we cordially thank the members of the Detroit brethren who, individually, so generously entertained the visitors, and particularly in this respect would we mention the names of John Breit- meyer & Sons, Fred Breitmeyer, R. Klagge, and Stephen Taplin; Resolved, That the thanks of the Society be tendered to the Super- intendent of Exhibits, George A. Rackham, whose indefatigable labors have culminated in one of the best and most representative trade ex- hibitions occurring at our annual meetings. His never failing courtesy, and his unwavering attention to the minutest detail are highly appre- ciated; Resolved, That to the Committee of Ladies of the Detroit Florists' Club we are deeply obligated for the unstinted courtesy and consider- ate attention shown to the visiting ladies, whose presence in such large numbers has been one of the most charming and enjoyable features con« nected with this Convention; Resolved, That to the daily press of Detroit are due our heartfelt thanks for the well illustrated, accurate and entertaining accounts of our exhibition and deliberations. We cannot close our report without again adverting to the un- bounded generosity of our hosts, individually and collectively, and for the most perfect manner in which every detail connected with our stay in the City of Detroit has been carried out; and we assure our brethren here that the memory of our visit, and our friendly relations with them on this occasion, will remain with us ever green and everlasting. (Signed) Alex Wallace, G. L. Grant, Michael Barker, Committee. Wm. J. Stewart, Secretary. 96 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF TRADE EXHIBI- TION. To the President, Secretary and Members of the Society of Ameri- can Florists. Gentlemen : — It was with much fear and trembling that I ac- cepted the office of Superintendent of the Trade Exhibit at De- troit, but now that all is done I can say that the week I spent in ful- filling the duties thereof was one of the most pleasant of my life, for all was peace and quietness, all of the exhibitors being perfect gentlemen and not of the fault-finding variety. Although the hall was too small I feel that the Trade Exhibit was a success, and that it was one of the main features of the Convention, but would sug- gest that the judges do their part of the work a little more promptly, and that the Society look after special exhibits of new varieties of plants, etc., in a more business-like way, as there were some ex- hibits shown here of new varieties, and as the judges never came to me for any information as to new plants, they were omitted from the report altogether. I now have the pleasure of submitting my report, with nothing unpaid, but all a cash transaction, as follows : Received from Exhibitors. L. B. Brague $5.00 D. B. Long $6.30 C. D. Ball . 25.00 Lager & Hurrell 8.40 H. Bayersdorfer & Co. 75.00 Michel Plant & Bulb Co. 8.40 Bobbink & Atkins . 13.68 John C. Moninger 8.82 J. D. Carmody . 5.00 J. Morehead 5.04 E. H. Cushman . 21.60 H. F. Michell . 5.24 R. Craig & Son 17.10 Harry Papworth 25.00 Clucas & Boddington 12.12 J. A. Peterson . 6.30 H. A. Dreer 50.00 Quaker City Machine Dayton Fruit Tree Co. ... 7.56 Label Co. 5.25 H. D. Rohrer . 2.00 Dayton Paper Novelty Siebrecht & Son 60.48 Co. ... 19.44 T. H. Simmons 2.00 Ellis & Pollworth . 22.50 Skabcura Dip Co. 2.00 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 97 J. G. & A. Esler $3.00' Union Mfg. Co. $2.00 Edwards & Docker . 7.56 J. C. Vaughan . 23.40 J. W. Erringer 5.04 Geo. Wittbold . 7.50 Flower City Plant Food H. N. Wilcox . 10.08 Co. ... 9.50 White Enamel Refrig- Florists' Supply Co. 3.25 erator Co. 9.50 C. S. Ford 8.40 Yeats Still Alarm . 2.00 A. Fuchs . 10.50 T. S. Balsley . 6.00 Geo. M. Garland 6.30 4.20 S. P. Conkling . 10.50 E. Hippard A. Hupprich 10.08 Total received for Ex- E. H. Hunt 11.60 hibits $644.24 Hitchings & Co. 18.40 Received for Steps . $3.00 Ionia Pottery Co. 15.96 Received for Lumber 20.00 N. Kramer 10.08 Rebate on Printing . 10.00 J. E. Killen 4.20 Connecticut 5 .. 1 Massachusetts 9 . . 2 New York 61 7 12 1 New Jersey 38 5 2 Pennsylvania 40 22 4 3 Delaware 1 1 Ohio 37 28 3 1 Indiana 11 4 2 Illinois 48 34 6 5 Michigan 12 4 3 1 Wisconsin 19 19 4 5 Minnesota 18 7 2 2 Iowa 29 35 6 8 120 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION Missouri Kansas Nebraska Arkansas Colorado North Dakota South Dakota Montana Wyoming Maryland Virginia West Virginia North Carolina Kentucky Georgia Texas Louisiana Tennessee Florida Mississippi Oklahoma Territory . Indian Territory District of Columbia. Canada New Mexico 35 38 19 2 22 6 8 1 3 6 2 11 3 7 3 5 2 1 1 1 5 1 3 2 1 67 59 25 22 1 6 11 6 2 1 8 lb 8 It might be well to call attention to the fact that New York State, where the Florists' Hail Association has had a very small percentage of patrons, has suffered from 61 hailstorms, and only 7 losses have been paid, while Missouri, where an unusually large percentage of florists are insured, has a record of 35 storms and 67 losses paid. Further com- parisons may be interesting. The increase in insurance the past year has been fully up to the largest gain of any preceding year and the trade is slowly but surely learning by sore experience that to ignore hail insurance is a "penny- wise pound foolish" policy. John G. Esler, Secretary. TREASURER'S REPORT. Receipts. Money returned by A. T. De La Mare & Co ?6 00 Money returned by Baker Bros 85 62 Interest on Government Bond 11 7S Interest on Chicago Bond 20 00 Interest on Orville Twp. Bonds 50 00 Interest on County Du Page Bonds 50 00 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 121 Interest on Tri-State Building and Loan Investment $110 00 Received from Eighth Assessment 6,339 00 Received from Membership Fees 786 77 Received from New Assessments 595 33 Received from Additional Assessments 276 31 Received from Extra One-Half 85 70 Received from Extra Whole 228 51 Received from Re-insurance 67 20 Total $8,712 22 Disbursements. Aug. 4, 1898. S. H. Dole & Son, Beatrice, Neb $12 19 Aug. 4, Mrs. A. Meacham, Salida, Col 83 83 Aug. 6, Vickery Bros. & Co., Pawnee City, Neb 4 85 Aug. 8, G. F. Espenlaub, Rosedale, Kansas 7 70 Aug. 20, J. C. Vaughan, Chicago, 111 367 62 Aug. 20, Geo. B. Robbins, Gilesbury, 111., for Hinsdale Rose Co 166 46 Aug. 20, Ernst Weinhober, Chicago, 111 221 27 Aug. 20, Arthur Thornhill, Rosedale, Kansas 21 50 Aug. 20, Mrs. J. J. Young, Raton, New Mexico 8 55 Aug. 20, C. E. Heite, Kansas City, Mo 43 40 Sept, 12, Lewis Henderson, Omaha, Neb 36 75 Sept. 28, Wm. Krumm & Sons, St. Joseph, Mo 262 50 Sept. 28, Chas. W. Sherfey, Nebraska City, Neb 8 80 Oct. 14, John F. Rupp, Shiremanstown, Pa 7 25 Oct. 17, Maplewood Cut Flower Co., Pleasant Hill, Mo. 126 72 Oct. 20, B. F. Bausman, Millersville, Pa 3 75 Oct. 22, John Stamm, Hutchinson, Kansas 17 22 Nor. 7, J. M. Hostetter, Millersville, Pa 9 94 March 22, 1899. George Stoltz, Louisville, Ky 50 00 March 27, Edward F. Wetstein, Louisville, Ky 231 25 March 29, Wm. Krumm & Son, St. Joseph, Mo 64 55 March 29, E. H. Gilbert, Winfield, Kansas 30 15 April 13, Mrs. Chas. Schmidt, Winfield, Kansas 13 23 May 2, F. P. Zimmerman, Tarkio, Mo 5 39 May 2, James Hayes, Topeka, Kansas 11 62 May 5, Chapin Bros., Lincoln, Neb 85 60 May 15, Oak Grove Cemetery Associat'n, La Crosse, Wis. 112 14 May 18, George Hancock & Son, Grand Haven, Mich... 9 15 May 22, E. A. Barnhart, Clinton, Mo 21 50 May 22, James Hayes, Topeka, Kansas 41 86 May 22, Green & Nicol, Fremont, Neb 82 50 May 25, John A. Salzer, La Crosse, Wis 67 20 May 25, C. G. Anderson & Co., Atlantic, Iowa 69 80 122 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION May 25, Christian Laisle, Keokuk, Iowa $97 95 May 26, Estate of M. D. Eggling, St. Louis, Mo 64 50 May 31, Michel Plant & Seed Co., St. Louis, Mo 86 50 June 2, J. E. Rodman, Topeka, Kansas 55 02 June 2, I. W. Lozier, Des Moines, la 4 26 June 2, Henry Carstens, Omaha, Neb 24 60 June 8. Samuel R. Faulkner, Omaha, Neb 52 10 June 8, Oak Grove Cemetery Associat'n, La Crosse, Wis. 169 7S June 8, Berno Floral Co., Mansfield, Ohio 99 64 June 8, E. H. Marshall, Sabetha, Kansas 32 20 June 10, John R. Elder, Sioux City, Iowa 14 02 June 10, Theo. Kienahs, La Crosse, Wis 316 79 June 10, John A. Salzer, La Crosse, Wis 472 22 June 12, I. Parker, Fort Scott, Kansas 76 45 June 12, M. J. Coventry, Fort Scott, Kansas 269 30 June 15, L. S. Kilborn, Marshalltown, Iowa 16 00 June 15, Mrs. Mary J. Chapin, Cheyenne, Wyoming 15 09 June 15, S. T. Stone, Carthage, 111 7 28 June 19, Aug. Mirring, East St. Louis, Mo 102 60 June 19, S. D. Brandt, Clay Center, Kansas 32 40 June 19, J. J. Thomas, Mgr., Pueblo, Col 46 50 June 22, The Morton Lumber Co., Pueblo, Col 22 85 June 24, Mrs. M. J. Heite, Merriam, Kansas 38 38 June 24, C. Humfeld, Clay Center, Kansas 58 5C June 28, . Edward Kirschner, Winona, Minn 15 04 June 28, O. B. Palmer, Cherokee, Iowa 23 70 June 30, Mrs. A. Van Shaick, Marshalltown, Iowa 34 77 July 1, G. Fleischer, Pueblo, Col 32 40 July 6, Otto Andrea, Central Valley, N. Y 403 20 July 6, L. A. Smith, Wheeling, W. Va 47 80 July 12, Joseph Bancroft & Son, Cedar Falls, Iowa 178 20 July 12, Harry Baker, Pueblo, Col 22 26 July 12, C. E. Kern, Kansas City, Mo 12 80 July 18, J. O. Zimmerman, Pueblo, Col 41 60 July 26, Mrs. Mary J. Chaffln, Cheyenne, Wyoming 31 44 July 26, L. L. May & Co., St. Paul, Minn 13 01 Total $5,337 39 Expense Account. Aug. 4, ' 1898. A. T. De La Mare, printing circulars $2 25 Aug. 4, New England Florist Co., advertising 3 15 Sept. 5, The American Florist, adv. and printing reports 24 50 Sept. 5, A. T. De La Mare, printing reports 1 10 Sept. 5, Florists' Publishing Co., advertising 20 00 Sept. 5, Market Street Printing House, printing reports 3 50 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 123 Sept. 9, Market Street Printing House, print'g envelopes $2 75 Sept. 9, Florists' Exchange, advertising 3 00 Sept. 19, New England Florist Co., advertising 2 80 Sept. 26, A. T. De La Mare, printing letter heads and orders 6 76 Oct. 1, New England Florist Co., advertising 1 50 Oct. 14, A. T. De La Mare, printing constitutions and laws 15 26 Nov. 7, Albert H. Herr, expenses to Millersville, ad- justing loss 0 50 Dec. 15, a. T. De La Mare, printing association blanks and envelopes 28 90 Dec. 20. John G. Esler, express, postage and revenue stamps 10 65 Dec. 26, Wilson Humphreys, two record books 32 00 Jan. 25, 1899. John G. Esler, on account for salary 250 00 Feb. 6, Lancaster Trust Co., box rent 5 00 Feb. 6, A. T. De La Mare, printing circulars 2 50 March 11, John G. Esler, postage and revenue stamps. ... 42 29 March 15, Florists' Exchange, advertising 6 50 April 13, A. T. De La Mare, printing and letter heada and notices 4 59 April 13, John G. Esler, postage and revenue stamps 23 32 May 18, Market Street Printing House, envelopes 2 50 May 25, A. T. De La Mare, printing circulars 2 71 May 31, J. C. Vaughan, envelopes 1 25 June 2, Albert M. Herr, postage 29 37 June 8, A. T. De La Mare, printing letter heads 4 01 June 8, Market Street Printing House, printing re- ceipt blanks 1 50 June 24, A. T. De La Mare, printing warrants 2 90 June 28, Florists' Exchange for adv. in New England Florist 4 00 July 6, Albert M. Herr, on account for salary 200 00 July 18, John G. Esler, postage and revenue stamps. ... 20 07 July 26, Florists' Exchange balance on New England Florist 3 50 July 26, Florists' Exchange, advertising to September, 1899 11 50 July 26, Florists' Publishing Co., advertising to Sep- tember, 1899 16 50 July 26, John G. Esler, balance on salary 305 00 July 26, J. C. Vaughan, salary 83 25 July 26, Albert M. Herr, balance on salary 22 00 July 26, American Florist Co., advertising 18 00 Total $1,220 88 124 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION RECAPITULATION: Albert M. Herr, Treasurer, in account with Florist's Hail Association of America. Dr. Cr. To balance on hand, August 1, 1898 $2,980 93 To total receipts for year ending August 1, 1899.. 8,712 22 By losses for year ending August 1, 1899 $5,337 39 By expenses for year ending August 1, 1899 1,220 88 By investment account of reserve fund 800 00 Balance on hand, August 1, 1899 4,334 88 $11,693 15 $11,693 15 RESERVE FUND INVESTMENTS. Orville Township N. J. Bond, 5 per cent $500 00 Orville Township N. J. Bond, 5 per cent 500 00 County Du Page, 111., 5 per cent 500 00 County Du Page, 111., 5 per cent 500 00 City of Chicago, 4 per cent 500 00 United States Government, 3 per cent 500 00 Tri-State Building and Loan of Fort Wayne, Ind., 5 per cent. . 2,200 00 Certificate of deposit Lancaster Trust Co., 4 per cent 800 00 Total $6,000 00 Albert M. Herr, Treasurer. The Directors then elected J. C. Vaughan, President; E. G. Hill, Vice-President, and John G. Esler, Secretary. The Treasurer, Al- bert M. Herr, holds over. They also recommended that Sec. 1, Article IV. of the by-laws be amended to read, "That the interest accruing from the reserve fund investments be added to said reserve fund." John G-. Esler Secret art/. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 125 THE AMERICAN CARNATION SOCIETY. A preliminary meeting of this Society was held in Harmouie Hall, Detroit, Mich., Wednesday morning, Aug. 15, previous to the meeting of the S. A. F., President Win. P. Craig in the chair and a goodly number of members present. President Craig announced that the object of the meeting was to arrange a programme and re- ceive suggestions for our premium list. After motions duly made and carried, it was decided to have a paper by Prof. Sirrine, from Jamaica State College, on "Carna- tion Pests"; one by Peter Fisher, Ellis, Mass., on the "Hybridiza- tion of Carnations"; a discussion on "Sub-Irrigation," to be opened by C. W. Ward, Queens, N. Y. ; and a discussion on "Indoor Culture as a Method of Growing Carnations," to be opened by Jas. Harts- horne, Joliet, 111. It was also unanimously agreed that a portion of the money donated by Mr. Lawson at the Philadelphia meeting be set aside for the purpose of procuring a die for a medal to be known as "The Lawson Medal." A committee, consisting of Mr. William Nichol- son, Framingham, Mass., Mr. Peter Fisher, Ellis, Mass., and Mr. M. A. Patten, Tewksbury, Mass., were appointed to select a pattern for a die, said pattern to be submitted to Mr. Lawson for his ap- proval before adoption by the Society. Two gold medals are to be struck from this die, to be given at next February's exhibition, one for 25 blooms any seedling not yet disseminated, and one for 100 blooms any variety that is already in commerce. It was further decided that parties be allowed to offer special premiums for floral products outside of carnations, to be competed for at our next February meeting. A number of suggestions were offered for the use of the Execu- tive Committee in arranging the premium list, and the meeting ad- journed at 9.30 o'clock, A. M. The annual meeting of the Society will lie held in Buffalo, X. Y., Feb. 15 and lfi, 1000. and in conjunction with the meeting an ex- hibition will be held, principally of carnations. The premium list for said exhibition will he ready in November, rind can he had on application to the Secretary. ("Signed) Wm. P. Craig, President Attest: Alt?krt M. Herr, Secretary. 126 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY OF AMERICA. LIST OF AWAEDS FOE 1898. Of the fifty-one varieties exhibited before the Committees, thirty-three were awarded Certificates. The varieties are as follows: Willowbrook, Harry A. Parr, Lady Harriett, Eobt. Halliday, Adele, John K. Shaw, Soleil d'Oetobre, Meta, Mavourneen, Mrs. Trenor L. Park, Mrs. N. Molyneaux, Silver Wedding, Adula, Pride, Eclipse '98, Polly Eose, G. J. Warren, Mile. Lucie Faure, Mrs. F. A. Constable, Phenomenal, Admiral Dewey, Captain Gridley, White Maud Dean, J. M. Keeler, Kuno, Shilowa, Zoraida, Idavan, Nagoya, Xeno, Stellata, Superba, Queen of Plumes. The following varieties scored eighty-five points and over, but for various reasons certificates were withheld ; Yellow Mayflower, David S. Ward, Col. D. Appleton. Elmer D. Smith, Secretary. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 127 PLANT INTRODUCTIONS IN AMERICA IN 1899. ROSES. Admiral Dewey, (Taylor) blush pink, shading to white ; sport from Mme. Caroline Testout. Evergreen Gem, (Manda) Wichuraiana x Mme. Hoste ; buff yellow in bud, opening almost pure white; long branching stems, bronze color; Sweetbriar fragrance ; double. Climbing. Gardenia, (Manda) Wichuraiana x Perle des Jardins ; yellow in bud, cream color when open; 3 to 3% inches in diameter, incurving towards evening. Climbing. Jersey Beauty, (Manda) Wichuraiana x Perle des Jardins; single; opening pale yellow, dense clusters of bright yellow stamens. Climbing. Maid of Honor, (Hoffmeister) sport from Catherine Mermet. Royal Cluster, (Conard and Jones) Dawson x Hermosa; double white; hardy climbing. Snowball, (Henderson) Poly. Pure white; very double. CARNATIONS. Alma, (Aul) pink ; darker than Scott. America, (Hill) scarlet; vigorous; medium height. Anna C. Eastburn, (Eastburn) white ; very double. Belle of Hartford, (Swenson) magenta; early. Dorothy Sweet, (Simmons) bright scarlet, similar in shade to Garfield. Elsie Ferguson, (Herr and Sievers) deep orange. Evanston. (Wieland) scarlet ; sport from Tidal Wave. G. H. Crane, (Dorner) scarlet ; large flowering ; early. General Maceo, (Ward) scarlet, heavily overlaid with maroon ; deeply fringed; erect; wiry. General Gomez, (Ward) cardinal maroon; vigorous; resembles Scott in habit. Glacier, (Ward) snow white ; habit dwarf, resembling old Snowdon ; early bloomer; clove fragrance. Gov. Griggs, (Towell) light pink. Harriet Bradford, (Herr and Sievers) pink and white striped. Iris Miller, (Herr and Sievers light salmon. Leslie Paul, (Herr and Sievers I deep cerise. Mary A. Baker, white ; large flower. Maud Adams, (Niquet) deep cerise ; large. Melba, (May and Craig & Son) pink ; large and perfect form ; very fragrant ; long stiff stem. Sandusky, (Hall) pink and white striped. Uncle Walter, (Herr and Murchie) scarlet ; sport from Tidal Wave. 12<5 TKOCEEDIXGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION CHEYSANTHEMUMS. Ada, Pomp. (May) yellow. Adele, Jap. Inc. (Seidewitz) delicate pink; early. Admiral Dewey, Jap. Eef. (Ward) deep chrome yellow; late. Adula, Inc. (May) white ; late. Agnes C, Pomp. (May) light shaded bronze: Amelia, Pomp. (May) blush pink petals, tipped yellow. Capt. Gridley, Jap. Inc. (Tong) white, with delicate blush. Caritas, Pomp. (May) blush-pink, shaded deeper at base of petals Carrie Bell, Jap. Inc. (Ward) compact, globular flower; shell pink on termi- nals, pure white on crowns; dwarf; very late. Crowijing Glory, (Henderson) deep yellow; ostrich plume. Delieatissima, Pomp. (May) Daybreak carnation color, centre deep wine. Edna, Pomp. (May) white, pink shadings and yellow centre. Eclipse, (Eawson) yellow sport of ¥m. H. Chadwick. Fair Dawn, (Henderson) white, tinted blush. Fair Harvard, (Henderson) deep crimson; early. Francis A. Spaulding, (Atkinson). Golden Harvest, Inc (European) lemon yellow, lower petals reflexing. Harry A. Parr, Jap. Inc. (Binder) lemon yellow; early. Idavau, Jap. Inc. (Smith) Mrs. E. G. Hill x Mrs. W. C. Egan; delicate pink, centre florets creamy white. Independence, (Smith) hardy ever-blooming; creamy white, style of Bergmann. Jeanevieve, Pomp. (May) blush pink Joe Chamberlain, (Weeks) deep crimson, reverse old gold. John K. Shaw, Inc. (Seidewitz) fine pink. Julia. Pomp. (May) deep red and crushed strawberry. Kuno, (Smith) Mine. F. Bergman x J. E. Lager, strap petals loosely arranged ; early white. Lady Harriett, Jap. Inc. (Binder) deep pink; dwarf; early. Little Chrys., (Bell). Manila, P. Anem. (May) ray petals cardinal red, yellow quilled centre. Mavourneen, (May) flesh pink, occasionally marked purple. Meta, (May) white, with lemon at base of petals ; early. Mildred, P. Anem. (May) white, with blush edges. Monstrosum, Jap. (Smith) Mrs. E. G. Hill x Mrs. W. C. Egan; magenta pink ; tubular petals, opening flat, globular at maturity. Mrs. Geo. F. Baer, (Hill) golden yellow; sport of Mrs. Jerome Jones. Mrs. C. Bown, (Pocket) white, broad reflexing petals. Mrs. F. L. Button, Jap., (Carbone) white, very early. Mrs. F. A. Constable, (May) white ; sport of Iora. Mrs Mary Keller, (Nanz & Neuner). Mrs. Trenor L. Park, Inc. (Dailledouze) deep clear yellow, lower petals reflexed. Mrs. M. Mease, (Mease) lemon yellow, sport of Mme. Carnot. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 129 Pride of Ryecroft, (Jones) yellow Niveus. R. Hooper Pearson, (Jones) loose Japanese type ; yellow ; early. Nagoya, Jap. Kef. (Smith) Modesto x Western King ; bright yellow ; late« Oneita, Pomp. (May) yellow. Phenomenal, Jap. Inc. (Hill) buff, shaded darker. Polly Rose, (Rose) sport from Glory of the Pacific; white. Pride, (Rawson) early white. Queen of Plumes, (Smith) Francis B. Hayes x White Swan ; pink ; hairy. Robert Halliday, Jap. Inc. (Binder) clear yellow ; early. Santiago, Pomp. (May) deep shaded bronze red. Silver Wedding, Ref. (May) white ; broad petals. Shilowa, Jap. (Smith) Wm. Seward x Fisher's Torch ; crimson, black velvety lustre. White Flyer, (Smith) Glory of the Pacific x seedling ; white ; dwarf. White Maud Dean, (Childs). Willowbrook, Jap. (Binder) white ; early. Xeno, Jap. Inc. (Smith) Merula x Mme. F. Perrin ; pink ; late. Yellow Ivory, (Smith). Yellow Mayflower, (May) sport from Mayflower ; lemon yellow. Zoraida, Jap. Anem. (Smith) — Exhibited as Izanga — ray florets white, yellow centre. CANNAS. Century, (Vaughan) orange scarlet, fine crimson veins running lengthwise of the petal, bordered with an irregular band of yellow ; foliage large ; robust grower. Gigantea rubra, (Gilchrist) orange-scarlet flowers, dark leaved. Golden Scepter, (Gilchrist) Paul Marquant x flaccida ; pure golden yellow. Mandarin, (Vaughan) pure orange, bronze leaves ; height 6 feet. Red Indian, (Vaughan) deep scarlet, petals large and rounding ; bronze leaf ; robust grower. DAHLIAS. Admiral Dewey, Dec. (Peacock) imperial purple. Annetta, Sing. (Peacock) white, spotted and veined with pink and crimson. Columbia, Dec, (Blanc) rosy pink, shading to white. Cyclops, Cac. (Peacock) scarlet maroon. Henry F. Michell, Cac. (Peacock) soft yellow to deep orange red ; petals twisted and incurved. John H. Roach, Cac. (English) yellow edged sulphur. La Favorite, Cac. (Peacock) white. Lila, Sing. (Peacock) long pointed, twisted petals, pink, lightly spotted and penciled with crimson. Little Beauty, Pomp., (Peacock) quilled; soft pink. Magnificent, Show, (Peacock) light yellow, delicately edged red ; dwarf. May Lammerly, Sing. (Peacock) white, tinged pink and heavily spotted scarlet and crimson ; dwarf. 130 PKOCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION Miss S. Blanc Pennebaker, Show, (Peacock) silvery white, tinged soft pink and tipped bright rose pink. New Brilliant, Sing. (Peacock) bright yellow, striped crimson scarlet; dwarf. Novelty, Sing. (Peacock) pink, spotted and penciled deep crimson ; fragrant. Polar Star, Show, (Henderson) white, tipped carmine. Philadelphia, Show, (Peacock) creamy yellow. Sundew, Dec. (Peacock) orange salmon. Storm King, (Blizzard) Show, (Peacock and Ward) snow white. St. George, Sing. (Peacock) clear yellow. Sunburst, Show, (Henderson) orange red. GEKANIUMS. Achievement, (English) Ivy ; salmon pink. Csesar, (Ward) red; double. Flashlight, (Henderson) multibracteatum x Zonale; carmine. Foraine, (Ward) rose, dotted carmine ; single. Freedom, (Henderson) Aureole ; white, margined scarlet. George Sand, (Ward) white, dotted carmine ; single. Hall Caine, (English) cherry red ; single. Hubert Charron, (Ward) Aureole; reddish carmine and white; double. Ian Maclaren, (English) salmon ; single. John P. Cleary, (Lehnig & Winnifeld) Zonale; scarlet. Kleber, (Ward) violet ; double. La Fayette, (Ward) violet crimson ; double. Leopard, (Pearson) Ivy ; lilac pink, blotched crimson. Mark Twain, (Ward) Aureole ; carmine and white ; single. Miss Clara Walker, (English) Ivy ; salmon cerise. M. Canovas, (Ward) scarlet ; double. Mme. Charotte, (Ward) Bruant ; salmon, semi-double. Mme Goyeux, (Ward) Aureole ; rosy pink and white ; double. Mrs. H. T. Wooderson, (English) Ivy ; rose. Paul Barre, (Ward) Aureole; pink and white; double. Pierre Le Brun, (Ward) Aureole; carmine and rose; single. Pluton, (Ward) crimson; single. Prediction, (Ward) Aureole ; carmine, rose and white ; double. Kose Queen, (Pearson) Ivy; rose pink. Rudyard Kipling, (English) crimson; single. SWEET PEAS. Alice Eckford Cupid, (Burpee). Burpee's Beauty Cupid, (Burpee). Burpee's Bush, (Burpee). Burpee's Navy Blue, (Burpee). Fashion, (Burpee). Gorgeous, (Burpee). Pink Friar, (Burpee). Primrose, Cupid, (Burpee). SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 131 MISCELLANEOUS. Anthurium amabile, (Manda) crystallinum x magnificum. Asparagus retrofractus arboreus, (Ward). Aster, (Burpee) Giant White branching Comet. Aster, Victory, (Burpee) giant branching Comet. Begonia, Double Vernon, (Manda). Begonia Faureana, (Manda) leaves green and silver ; flowers pure white in large clusters. Begonia conspicuum,(Sander) B. decora x B. J. Jaques ; reddish chocolate, golden tinted veins. Begonia gemmatum, (Sander) B. decora x B. Duchess of Sutherland; pea green with silvery wart-like macules shot with rose ; leaf outline irregular. Begonia Mrs. F. Sander, (Sander) B. Princess Charles of Denmark x B. Lucy Cloiaon improved; chocolate brown, margined silver white overlaid rose crimson, banded sea green. Begonia Kex, Frank Nelson, (Manda) large leaf, dark green ground, veined and spotted silver. Begonia Bex, Harlequin, (Manda), bronzy ground, irregularly splashed white. Begonia Bex, Olymphia, (Manda) bronzy, with green edge and silvery middle. Begonia Silver Bronze, (Sander) B. decora x B. Silver Grey ; undulated foli- age covered with specks of strawberry red, pea green and silver rose. Calanthe rubens, (Sander), ruby colored ; dense flowered racemes. Calanthe rubens alba, (Sander) snow white flowered. Calla leucoxantha, (Sander) C. Elliottiana x C. albomaculata ; spathe ivory white and sulphur yellow, base marked wine purple ; leaves flecked. Clematis, New Hybrid, (Burbank). Coleus, Beauty of Orange, (Manda) large foliage; red yellow and crimson. Coleus, Margaret Allum, (Manda) massive leaves, velvety crimson. Cyclamen, Bush Hill Pioneer, (Low) white, with distinct crest or feather on the face of each petal. Cypripedium Arthurianum Mandaianum, (Manda) Arthurianum x Maserel- ianum. Cypripedium insigne, South Orange variety, (Manda) Sanderee type. Dendrobium chloropterum, (Sander) sepals and petals clear green ; lip choco- late, margined with green. Dendrobium nobile, South Orange variety, (Manda) robust ; deep color. Dendrobium spectabile, (Sander) primrose, red-purple and crimson blossoms. Dichorisandra angustifolia, (Manda) leaves purple with white lines, under side purple. Euonymus radicans arborescens, (Manda) upright shrubby. Eupatorium, Weinmanianum tricolor, (European). Evodia elegans, (Sander) Aralia-like plant from New Guinea. Gladioli Koningln Wilhelmina, (Krelage) upper segments pale flesh colored, lower segments marked with a pale yellow blotch, surrounded by a distinct rosy carmine band, pale reddish orange blotch in throat. 132 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION Iberis sempervirens superba, (Manda) dwarf ; flowers very large. Kentia Sanderiana, (Sander) long, narrow pinnae ; arching, airy habit. Leea Micholitzii, (Sander) from New Guinea ; pinnate leaves, marked bright red and on the young leaves white veins. Leea Koehrsiana, (Sander) pink, white and green mottled stem ; leaves light green, flushed bronze ; rose red midrib and light rose veiniDgs. Linospadix Petrickiana, (Sander) a neat habited and ornamental species with pinnate leaves. Mikaaia Sanderi, (Sander) stove foliage climber; leaves embellished with dark velvet purple patches, veins clear white. Phlox Tom Thumb, (Manda) paniculata section ; dwarf ; white. Poppy. New Oriental, (Burbank) salmon scarlet. Bussellia, Lemoineii multiflora, (Lemoine). Bussellia, Lemoineii elegantissima, (Lemoine). Salvia, Alfred Eagueneau, (European). Salvia, Jean Eavnel, (European). Salvia, Golden Leaf Tom Thumb, (Manda). Selaginella cognata, (Manda) upright growing, 1 to 2 ft. high. Tigridia, New Hybrid, (Burbank). Tulip, Eembrandt, (Krelagej late flowering, flamed and feathered. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF MEMBERS. Those marked with an * are life members. Allen, R. W., Hudson, N. Y. Allen, C. H., Floral Park, N. Y. Altick, H. M., 1123 No. Main St., Dayton, O. Anderson, James, Swampscott, Mass. Anderson, George, 5230 Woodland ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Anderson, C. G., 900 Chestnut St., Atlantic, la. Armitage, Chas., 233 Mercer St., New York, N. Y. Ashmead, C. W., Box 252, Sing Sing, N. Y. Asmus. Ernst G., West Hoboken, N. J. Asmus, Rudolph, New Durham, N. J. Asmus, Geo., 897 Madison ave., Chicago, 111. Atkins, F. L., Rutherford, N. J. Aul, Fred., Glenville, 0. Bader, John, Allegheny, Pa. Baker, W. J., 1430 So. Penn sq., Philadelphia, Pa. ♦Ball, Charles D. , Holmesburg, Pa. Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Phila- delphia, Pa. Barker, Michael, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. Barry, William C, Rochester, N. Y. Bartels, F. C, 101 Euclid ave., Cleveland, O. Bartlett, Geo. S., Cincinnati, O. Baumer, Aug. R., Louisville, Ky. Baxter, Chas. W., 72 Adelaide st. N., Chatham, Out. Beard, F. H., Detroit, Mich. *Beatty, H. B., Oil City, Pa. Beck, Chas., National Military Home, Montgomery Co.. O. Beckert, Theodore F., Glenfield, Pa. Begbie, Jas W., 342 W. 14th St., New York, N. Y. Beneke, J. J., St. Louis, Mo. Bennett, Geo. E., 794 Flatbush av., Brooklyn, N. Y. Ben thy, F. F., 41 Randolph st., Chicago, 111. Berlinghop, F., Omaha, Neb. Berno, E. M., 181 Hedges St., Mans- field, O. Berry, Frank, Stillwater, Minn. Bertermann, John, Indianapolis, Ind. Bertermann, William G. , Indian- apolis, Ind. Bester, William, 205 So. Potomac St., Hagerstown, Md. Beyer, Robt., 3619 So. Grand st., St. Louis, Mo. Beyer, Carl, Grand and Evans sts., St. Louis, Mo. Bindloss, T. Palmer, New London, Conn. Blick, Lloyd G., 51 Granby st., Nor- folk, Va. Blind, H. L., West View, Pa. Bock, W. A., North Cambridge, Mass. Bock, Theo., Hamilton, Ont. Boddington, A. T., 342 W. 14th st., New York, N. Y. Boehler, Oscar, W. Hoboken, N. J 134 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION Bottomley, Eobert, Biltmore, N. C. Brague, L. B., Hinsdale, Mass. Braik, Jas., Buffalo, N. Y. Breed, E. W. , Clinton, Mass. Breitmeyer, Philip, Detroit, Mich. Briscoe, J. A., Detroit, Mich. Brogan, Thos., 1002 So. Union av., Ann Arbor, Mich. Brown, R. S , Bos 99, Kansas City, Mo. Brunton, F,, Newport, R. I. Buckbee, H. W., Rockford, 111. Buettner, Emil, Park Eidge, 111. Bullock, Mrs. E. M., Elkhart, Ind. Burki, Fred., Bellevue P. 0., Alle- gheny, Pa. Burns, Alexander S., Woodside, N. Y. Burpee, W. Atlee, 5th and Willow sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Burr, M. L., Sawens, N. Y. Burton, John, Chestnut Hill, Phila- delphia, Pa. Busch, Fred., 950 Lyndale av., So. Minneapolis, Minn. Bussard, Henri, 248 New Union St., Yonkers, N. Y. Butterback, N., Oceanic, N. J. Butterworth, J. T., So. Framing- ham, Mass. Butz, Geo. C, State College, Centre Co., Pa. Butz, Wm. T., New Castle, Pa. Byrnes, Peter S., Wickford, E. I. Campbell, Edw., Ardmore, Pa. Carey, J. E., Mt. Clemens, Mich. Carmody, J. D., Evansville, Ind. Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. Champion, J. N. , New Haven, Conn. Chapin, L. C, Lincoln, Neb. Charter, Mrs. H. E. , Meriden, Conn. Chase. Benj., Jr., Derry, N. H. Chase, Chas. S., Elm st., Dighton, Mass. Clack, Sidney, Menlo Park, Cal. Clapp, E. B., 169 Boston street, South Boston, Mass. Clark, William, 318 E. Platte ave., Colorado Springs, Col. Cleary, J. P., 60 Vesey St., New York, N. Y. Coatsworth, L., 41 Randolph St., Chicago, 111. Coe, A. M., Coe Ridge, O. Coddington, L. B., Murray Hill, N. J. Cook, H. A., Shrewsbury, Mass. Cook, John, 318 North Charles St., Baltimore, Md. Coles, W. W., Kokouio, Ind. Comley, Jame^j. Lexington, Mass. Comstock, Mrs. M. F., El Paso, Texas. Connell, Benj., West Grove, Pa. Connon, Chas., St. Louis, Mo. Connor, D. T., Lansdowne, Pa. Coombs, John, 118 Benton st. , Hartford, Conn. Cotter, Lawrence, Dorchester, Mass. Coventry, M. J., Fort Scott, Kan. Cowell, J. F., Botanic Garden, Buf- falo, N. Y. Cox, Thos. A., Olney st., Dor- chester, Mass. Crabb, G. F., Grand Rapids, Mich. Craig, W. P., 49th and Market sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Craig, Robert, 49th and Market sts. , Philadelphia, Pa. Crowe, Peter, Utica, N. Y. Cunningham, Jos. H., 325 W. Wil- liam st., Delaware, O. Cushman, E. H., Euclid, O. Dailledouze, Eugene, Flatbush, N. Y. Dailledouze, Henry, Flatbush, N.Y. Dailledouze, Paul, Flatbush, N. Y. Dale, Harry, Brampton, Ont. Dalley, Miss M., St. Louis, Mo. Davis, W. S., Box 2, Purcellville, Va. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 135 Davy, R. C, Omaha, Neb. Deake, J. W. 0. , Ashville, N. C. Deake, Mrs. J. B., 324 Charlotte St., Asheville, N. C. Deamud, J. B., 51 Wabash ave., Chicago, 111. *Dean, James, Babylon, N. Y. Degnan, John, 84 Randolph st. , Chicago, 111. De La Mare, A. T., Rhinelander Building, New York, N. Y. Devoy, Peter T., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Dickinson, Chas. M., 76-8 Wabash ave., Chicago, 111. Dilger, Win., Detroit, Mich. Dillon, J. L., Bloomsburg, Pa. Dingwall, John, Troy Road, Al- bany, N. Y. Dirwanger, Albert, Portland, Me. Dirwanger, Joseph A., 719 Congress St., Portland, Me. Donaghue, A., 5425 No. 24th St., Omaha, Neb. Donaghue, A. Jr., 109 So. 16th St., Omaha, Neb. Donald, Wm., Corey St., W. Rox- bury, Mass. Donaldson, John, Elmhurst, Long Island, N. Y. Donohue, P. J., Lenox, Mass. Dorner, Fred., Lafayette, Ind. Downs, Alex.. Wissahickon Hts., Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.Pa. Dreer, William F., 714 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. Dumont, H. T., 1305 Filbert st., Philadelphia, Pa. Durfee, Benj., Washington, D. C. Du Rie, W. B., Rahway, N. J. Dunn, John, 890 Wabash ave., Detroit, Mich. Dysinger, S. D., care L. L. May & Co., St. Paul, Minn. Edgar, William W., Waverly, Mass. Edwards, Theo. E., Bridgeton, N.J. Eichholz, Henry, Waynesboro, Pa. Eichorn, Geo., Pittsburgh, Pa. Eisele, John G., 20th and Ontario sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Eisele, J. D., Riverton, N. J. Eisele, C, 11th and Jefferson sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Elliott, W. H. , Brighton, Mass. Erhardt, Charles, 358 Erie ave., Cleveland, O. Ernest, Wm. H. 28th and M. sts., N. E., Washington, D. C. Erringer, J. W., 297 Wabash ave., Chicago, 111. *Esler, John G., Saddle River, N.J. Evans, R. E., Salt Lake City, Utah. Evans, J. A., Richmond, Ind. *Ewell, Warren, 38 Wayland st., Roxbury, Mass. Falconer, Wm., Supt. of Parks, Pittsburg, Pa. Fancourt, George E., Wilkesbarre, Pa. Farquhar, Robt. , North Cambridge, Mass. Ferguson, Andrew, 906 Farns- worth ave., Detroit, Mich. Fillmore, F. J., Nebraska ave., South St. Louis, Mo. Flemer, Wm., Springfield, N. J. Fletcher, Fred. W., Auburndale, Mass. Florey, James, Medina N. Y. Flowerday, Robt., Detroit, Mich. Foss, John M., Etna, Pa. Foster, L. H., 45 King st., Dor- chester, Mass. Fruck, Henry C, Grosse Pt. Farms, Mich. Fuller, J., Leominster, Mass. Fulmer, J. T. D., 910 Des Moines st., Des Moines, la. Gaedeke, Aug., Nashua, N. H. Galvin, John, 124 Tremont st., Boston, Mass. 136 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION Gammage, W., 213Dundasst., Lon- don, Ontario, Canada. Garland, Geo. M., Desplaines, III. Gasser, J. M., 101 Euclid ave., Cleveland, 0. Gauges, Philip, Botanic Garden, Washington, D. C. Geiger, Henry C, 614 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. George, Robert, Painesville, O. Gibbons, H. W., 136 Liberty St., New York, N Y. Gibbs, J. F., Woodville, Pa. Gibbs, Geo., Orcas, San Juan Co., Wash. Gibson, Thos. J., Bellevue ave., Newport, B. I. Giesy, E. H., Lockland, 0. Gentemann, C. F. W., Quincy, III. Gillett, E. G., Cincinnati, O. Gindra, David, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. Gipner, John, Niles, Mich. Goetz, John B., Saginaw, W. S., Mich. Good, J. M., Springfield, 0. Goodell, L. W., D wight, Mass. Gordon, Geo., Beverly, Mass. *Graham, Adam, 2849 Euclid ave., Cleveland, O. Graham, C. J., Cleveland, 0. Grant, G. L., 334 Dearborn st., Chicago, 111. Greene, R. W., Warwick, B. I. Greene^ W. , Bos 58, Davenport, la. *Gude, Adolphus, 1224 F. st., Washington, D. C. *Gude, Wm. F., 1224 F. st., Wash- ington, D. C. Guenther, Chas. T., Hamburg, N. Y. Gunson, Thos., Agricultural Col- lege P. 0., Mich. Guy, E. W., Belleville, 111. Habermehl, John P., 22d and Dia- mond sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Hadkinson, J. H., Omaha, Neb. Haentze, E. Fon du Lac, Wis. Hageman, Wm., 55 Dey St., New York, N. Y. Hagenburger, C , Mentor, 0. Hagenburger, P., Hart St., Mentor, 0. Hahn, Gottlob, Embla Park, Balti- more, Md. Hahman, F., Harrowgate Lane, Frankford, Philadelphia, Pa. Hall, W. E., Clyde, 0. Hall, W. S., Osage, la. Halliday, Eobt., HE. Baltimore st., Baltimore, Md. Hamburger, Simon, 811 Fairmount ave., Philadelphia, Pa. ♦Hammond, Benjamin, Fishkill, N. Y. Hampton, E. S., Spring Brook, N. Y. Hansen, Christian, Dale st , St. Paul, Minn. Harkett, W. A., Dubuque, la. Harmon, H. W., Sawens, N. Y. Harris, F. L. , Wellesley, Mass. ♦Harris, W. K., 55th st. and Spring- field ave. , Philadelphia, Pa. ♦Harris, W. K. Jr., 55th st. and Springfield ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Harris, J. J., 55th st. and Spring- field ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Hart, Albert A , Cleveland, O. Hart, H. A., 1262-1272 Detroit St., Cleveland, 0. Hartshorne, Jas., Joliet, 111. Hatcher, John C, Amsterdam, N. Y. Hauswirth, P J., 318 Wabash ave., Chicago, 111. Heacock, Joseph, Wyncote, Pa. Heinl, George A., 337 Summit St., Toledo, 0. Heinl, Jos., Jacksonville, Fla. Heller, J. A., 1117 North 8th st., Quincy, 111. Hellenthal, John P., Columbus, 0. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 137 Henderson, Lewis, 16th and Far- num sts., Omaha, Neb. Henderson, Charles, 35-37 Cort- landt St., New York, N. Y. Henshaw, Sam'l, Botanical Gar- dens, Bronx Park, New York, N. Y. Herendeen, F. A., Geneva, N. Y. Herr, Albert M , P. O. Box 338, Lancaster, Pa. Herrington, A., Madison, N. J. Herrmann, A., 404-412 E. 34th St., New York, N. Y. Hess, J. J., 140 Farnum st., Omaha, Neb. Hesser, W. J., Plattsmouth, Neb. Hewson, C. J., 1673 Abbott Road, Buffalo, N. Y. Hews, A. H., North Cambridge, Mass. Hill, E. Gurney, Kichmond, Ind. Hinkle, Fred., West View, Pa. Hippard, E., Youngstown, 0. Hitz, John, 917 R st, N. W, Washington, D. C. Hoffmeister, August, Cincinnati, 0. Hoitt, C. W., Nashua, N. H. Holznagel, F., Detroit. Mich. Howatt, D. E., Clayton, N. Y. Hune, C. H., Memphis, Tenn. Hunkel, H. V., Milwaukee, Wis. Hulsebosch, A., Englewood, N. J. Imlay, John D., Zanesville, O. Jansen, Ed., 124 West 19th st., New York, N. Y. Johansen, Wm., Indianapolis, Ind. Johnson, George, 18 Earl st., Providence, R. I. Johnson, Mrs. Fred. H, 45 Whit- ney ave., Olean, N. Y. Jones, Hiram T., Elizabeth, N. J. Jones, S. Morris, West Grove, Pa. Joosten. C. H., 85 Dey st., New York, N. Y. Jordan, J. M., St. Louis, Mo. Joseph, Miss Rosa, Pataskala, 0. Juengel, Chas. A., 1841 South 14th st., St. Louis, Mo. Junkins, Geo. S., Lawrence, Mass. Jurgens, Carl, Newport, R. I. Kahlert, C. W., 1514 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. Kanst, Fred, 5600 Cottage Grove ave., Chicago, 111. Kasting. W. F., 495 Washington st., Buffalo, N. Y. Keller, J. M., 65th and Fifth ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. ♦Kellogg, Geo. M., Pleasant Hill, Mo. Kemble, W. E., Oskaloosa, la. Kennedy, W. A., Milwaukee. Wis. Kift, Robert, 1725 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. Killen, J. E., Box 335, Windsor, Ont. Killeen, Robt., Chatham, Ont. King, F. J., Ottawa, 111. Klokner, A., 930 Grand ave., Mil- waukee, Wis. Kletzly, J., Verona, Pa. Knapp, W. H., Newtonville, Mass. Knecht, Fred. J., Fort Wayne, Ind. Knopf, Albert, Columbus, O. Koffman, E., Walden, Orange Co., N. Y. Kraft, Julius, 317 No. Court st., Rockford, 111. Kramer, F. H., Washington, D. C. Kramer, Judson A., Cedar Rapids, la. Kranz, Geo., Muscatine, la. Krause, H. M., Glen Island, N. Y. *Kretschmar, H. G., Box 99, West Nyack, N. Y. *Kretschmar, J. F., West Nyack, N. Y. Krick, W. C, 1287 Broadway, Brooklyn, N. Y. Kromback, Charles, 181 25th st., Brooklyn, N. Y. 138 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION Krueger, Angustus, Meadville, Pa. Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine St., St. Louis, Mo. Kuhl, Geo. A., Pekin, 111. Kuhn, John, 5th and Tabor sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Kunz, Henry, Glenville, O. Kunz, J. W., 822 Olive st., St. Louis, Mo. Lager, John E., Summit, N. J. Laisle, Christ, Keokuk, la. Lamborn, L. L., Alliance, O. Lange, Albert H., Worcester, Mass. Lange, H. F. A., Worcester, Mass. Langhans, T. P., 190 North ave., Allegheny, Pa. Langjahr, A. H., 19 Boerum pi., Brooklyn, N. Y. Larson, P. L., Fort Dodge, la. Lau, D. E., Butte, Mont. Laurie, Bobt., Newport, B. I. Lemke, Aug, , Paul P. O. , E. Grand Bapids, Mich. Lemke, E. F., 91 W. 7th St., St. Paul, Minn. Leslie, M. F., Pittsburg, Pa. Leuly, E., West Hoboken, N. J. Loder, Cornelius S., 271 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Loew, Wm., 89 Pike St., Allegheny, Pa. Long, D. B., Buffalo, N. Y. Lonsdale, Edwin, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Loveless, Alfred J., Lenox, Mass. Ludwig, E. C, Allegheny, Pa. Ludwig, Gustave, 208 Allegheny Market, Allegheny, Pa. Ludwig, J. W., Allegheny, Pa. Lynch, M. J., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Macrorie, D., So. Orange, N. J. MacLellan, Alex., Buggies ave., Newport, R. I. Macrae, Farquhar, 1138 Smith st., Providence, B. I. Manda, Joseph A., Jr., South Orange, N. J. Manda, W. A., South Orange, N. J. Manker, Frank, Winsor Terrace, Brooklyn, N. Y. Mann, Mary S., Florence, Mass. Manning, J. Woodward, 1150 Tre- mont Building, Boston, Mass. Mansfield, Thos., Lockport, N. Y. Marc, C. J., Woodside, N. Y. Marshall, J. F., Des Moines, la. Mass, Geo. H., Woodstock, Vt. *Mathison, Fred B., Waltham, Mass. Maule, Wm. H., 1711 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. May, L. L., St. Paul, Minn. May, J. N., Summit, N. J. Maybury, Thos., 218 39th st., Pitts- burg, Pa. Mayer, Jacob M., Lancaster, Pa. McClure, Geo. W., Buffalo, N. Y. McCullough, Albert, 134 Walnut st., Cincinnati, 0. McCullough, J. Chas., 2d and Wal- nut sts., Cincinnati, 0. McGillivray, D., Brattleboro, Vt. MeLellan, E. W., Burlingame, San Mateo Co., Cal. McMahon, Frank, Seabright, N. J. Meehan, Thos. B., Germantown, Pa. Mellen, Geo. H., Springfield, O. Mellis, D. Y., Flatbush, N. Y. Merkel, John, Mentor, O. Merrion, J. V., Chicago, 111. Meyer, Herman, Carthage, Tenn. Meyer, J. C, 87 Sumner st., Boston, Mass. Meyers, Hiram, Willington, Kan. Michel, E. H., Magnolia and Tower Grove ave., St. Louis, Mo. Mich ell, H. F., 1018 Market St., Philadelphia, Pa. Millar, A., 595 Pawtucket ave., Pawtucket, R. I. Miller, James L., 882 Western ave., Lynn, Mass. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 139 Miller, Wm , 882 Western ave. , Lynn, Mass. Miller, A. L., Sta. E., Brooklyn, N. Y. Miller, Geo. L., 12 E. Park PL, Newark, O. Millman, F. X., Green st. station, Cumberland, Md. Molloy, Wm. F., Wellesley, Mass. *Montgomery, Alexander, Natick, Mass. Montgomery, Alexander W. , Jr., Natiek, Mass. Monson, John, 3501 Portland ave., Minneapolis, Minn. Moon, S. C. , Morrisville, Pa. Moon, W. H., Morrisville, Pa. Moore, W. H., Manhattan, Kan. Moseley, F. C, Neponset, Mass. Moss, Geo. M., 32 So. 17th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Mott, Walter, Riverton, N. J. Mueller, Chas. F., Wichita, Kan. Muir, John T., 3530 Michigan ave., Chicago, 111. Murdock, A. M., 510 Smithfield st., Pittsburg, Pa. Murdock, H. L., West Gardner, Mass. Murray, Miss Jennie, Kansas City, Mo. Nagel, E., Minneapolis, Minn. Nash, S. C, Clifton, Passaic Co., N.J. Neff, L. I. , Pittsburg, Pa. Neubrand, E. W., Tarrytown, N. Y. Newbury, E. C, Mitchell, S. D. Newman, J. R., Winchester, Mass. Nicholson, William, Framingham, Mass. Nilsson, Wm., Woodlawn, New York, N. Y. Noe, L. M., Madison, N. J. Norton, M. H., Hotel Berkeley, Boston, Mass. Nussbaumer, Fred, St. Paul, Minn. O'Brien, M. I., Sharon, Pa. O'Mara, P., Grand st., Jersey City, N. J. Ouwerkerk, P., 206 Cambridge ave., Jersey City, N. J. Palmer, W. J., 304 Main st., Buf- falo, N. Y. Palmer, W. J., Jr., 304 Main St., Buffaio, N. Y. Pap worth, H., New Orleans, La. Paterson, Eobt., care Hon. Frank Jones, Portsmouth, N. H. Patten, M. A., Tewksbury, Mass. Pautke, Fred., Grosse Point, Mich. Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic St., Cleveland, O. Perkins, C. H. , Newark, N. Y. Perry, W. B , Cresco, la. Peterson, Henry, Florence, Neb. Peterson, J. A., Cincinnati, O. Pettigrew, J. A., Franklin Park, Boston, Mass. Phelps, H. L., Springfield, 111. Pierson, F. R., Tarrytown, N. Y. Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough, N. Y. Pieser, E. H., 42-44 Randolph st., Chicago, 111. Pike, Mrs. Chas. W., 408 Main st., Racine, Wis. Plumb, William, 51 W. 28th St., New York, N. Y. Pollworth, C. C. , Box 75, Milwau- kee, Wis. Ponting, Fred., Glenville, O. Poole, Herman, 357 Canal St., New York, N. Y. Powell, I. L., Millbrook, N. Y. Power, E., Frankfort, Ky. *Rackham, Geo. A., 880 Vandyke ave., Detroit, Mich. Randolph, P. S., Pittsburg, Pa. Rath, H. C, Flushing, N. Y. Rawson, G. P., Elmira, N. Y. Rea, Charles H., Norwood, Mass. Rea, Frederick J., Norwood, Mass. 140 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION Reeser, W. H., Urbana, O. Reichard, D. M , St. Joseph, Mo. Reid, Edw., 1526 Ranstead St., Philadelphia, Pa. Reid, Robt., 126 Cambridge Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. Reinberg, Peter, Chicago, 111. Reineman, E. C, 305 Lowry st., Allegheny, Pa. Rennison, J. C, Sioux City, la. Reuter, Louis, Westerly, R. I. Reuter, S. J., Westerly, R. I. Rhotert, Aug., 26 Barclay St., New York, N. Y. Rice, M. , 25 N 4th st. , Philadelphia, Pa. Rieman. H. W., East and Main sts., Indianapolis, Ind. Ringler, Arnold, 10 No. Clark st., Chicago, 111. Risch, Chas., 2160 Genesee St., Buffalo, N. Y. Ritter, Herman H., 435 W. North ave., Dayton, O. Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville, Ky. Rock, W. L., Kansas City, Mo. Rockwell, W. C, Bradford, Pa. Roehrs, Julius, Carleton Hill, N. J. Roehrs, Theo., 494 E. 176th st., New York, N. Y. Rohrer, A. D., Lancaster, Pa. Rohrer, H. D., Lancaster, Pa. Rolker, Winfried, 52 Dey St., New York, N. Y. Rolker, Jos. E., 52 Dey St., New York, N. Y. Rosengren, J. A., Monongahela City, Pa. Rowden, Geo. H., Wallingford, Conn. Rudd, W. N., Mt. Greenwood, 111. Rupp, D. C, Shiremanstown, Pa. Rupp, J. F., Shiremanstown, Pa. Rupp, N. J., 297-307 Hawthorne ave., Chicago, 111. Rust, David, Hort. Hall, Philadel- phia, Pa. Salzer, John A., La Crosse, Wis. Sanders, C. G, 5600 Delmar ave., St. Louis, Mo. Sanders, Edgar, 1639 Belmont ave., Chicago, 111. Sandiford, Rob't., Mansfield, O. *Schellhorn, C , Washington, D. C. Schmitt, A., Glenville, O. Schmutz, Louis, Clarkson street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Schray, Emil, 4101 Penn ave., St. Louis, Mo. Schray, Wm., 4101 Penn ave., St. Louis, Mo. Schroeter, B., Detroit, Mich. Schroyer, Geo. W., Lancaster, Pa. Schulz, Jacob, 606 Fourth ave., Louisville, Ky. Schumacher, J. J., Sioux Falls, S.D. Scott, A. B., Sharon Hill, Philadel- phia, Pa. Scott, Philip, Balcom st., Buffalo, N. Y. Scott, W. B., Balcom st., Buffalo, N. Y. Scott, W. , 479 Main st., Buffalo, N.Y. Seidewitz, E. A., 36 W. Lexington St., Baltimore, Md. Sexton, S. B., 2 Wall St., New York, N. Y. Shanley, James, 216 25th street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Shaw, Chas. F., North Abington, Mass. Shaw, J. Austin, 409 Fifth ave., New York, N. Y. Shepard, W. 0. H., Pensacola, Fla. Sheridan, W. F., 39 W. 28th st., New York, N. Y. Sibson, J. F., German town, Pa. Siebert, Chas. T., Stanton ave., Station B, Pittsburg, Pa. *Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria, N. Y. *Sflebrecht, H. A., 409 Fifth ave., New York, N. Y. Siebrecht, H. A Jr., New Rochelle, N.Y. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 141 Siefert, Geo., Allegheny, Pa. Skidelsky, S. S., 1201 No. 25th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Small, J. Henry, 14th and G. sts., Washington, D. C. Smith, W. K., Botanic Garden, Washington, D. C. Smith, Elmer D., Adrian, Mich. Smith, John, Woodhaven, N. Y Smith, A. W., Boggs ave., Pitts- burg, Pa. Smith, Jos. F. 62 Main St., Nor- wich, Conn. Smyth, W.J,, 270 31st St., Chicago, 111. Sonnenschmidt, Carl, Indianapolis, Ind. Spalding, John, New London, Conn. Sprague, E. B., Bowdoinham, Me. Steffens, Emil, 335 East 21st St., New York, N. Y. Steinhoff, Herman C, West Hobo- ken, N. J. Stewart, S. B., 119 North 16th st, Omaha, Neb. Stewart, William J., 67 Bromfield St., Boston. Mass. Stoehr, R. C, Fruit Tree Label Co., Dayton, O. Stollery, Geo., Argyle Park, Chi- cago, 111. Stollery, Fred., Argyle Park, Chi- cago, 111. Strohlein, George A., Riverton, N.J. Strong, 0. H., Oil City, Pa. Stroup, T. B., 411 No. 6th St., New Philadelphia, O. Stuart, J. S., Anderson, Ind. Suder, Mrs. E., 304 Summit St., Toledo, 0. Sullivan, J. F., 220 Woodward ave., Detroit, Mich. Sunderbruch, Albert, Cincinnati, O. Sutherland, Geo. A., 67 Bromfield St., Boston, Mass. Sutton, E. B., Jr., Babylon, N. Y. Swanson, A. S., 117 Endicott Arcade, St. Paul, Minn. Sweeney, M., 510 Pine St., Provi- dence, R. I. Swoboda, Geo. H., 5807 No. 24th St., Omaha, Neb. Sylvester, Otto, Oconomowoc, Wis. Symonds, W. T., Decorah, la. Taft, Prof. L. R., Agricultural College, Mich. Tait, C. S., Brunswick, Ga. Taplin, Stephen, 930 Fort st., Detroit, Mich. Taplin, W. H., Holmesburg, Pa. Taylor, J. H., Bayside, N. Y. Taylor, F. W., Paxton Building, Omaha, Neb. Temple, J. T., Davenport, la. Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park, St. Louis, Mo. Thiemann, H., Manchester-by-the- Sea, Mass. Thompson, Geo. H. , Lenox, Mass. *Thorne, Samuel, 43 Cedar st., New York, N. Y. Thrall, A. L., Jamestown, N. Y. Tinker, F. B., Peru, Ind. Trelease, Prof. Wm., Missouri Botanic Garden, St. Louis, Mo. Turner, Wm. , Tarrytown, N. Y. Turnley, C. William, Haddonfield, N. J. Turner, Lewis, Kenosha, Wis. Ullrich, Lewis, Tiffin, O. Valentine, J. A., Denver, Colo. Van Bochove, J. R., Kalamazoo, Mich. Vaughan, A. L., 47 Wabash ave., Chicago, 111. Vaughan, J. C, 84-86 Randolph St., Chicago, 111. Vesey, W. J., Fort Wayne, Ind. Vincent, R. Jr., White Marsh P. O., Baltimore Co., Md. 142 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION Vincent, E. H., Flower City Plant Food Co., Rochester, N. Y. Waldbart, Alexander, 3538 Chest- nut St., St. Louis, Mo. Waldbart, Geo., 516 No. Grand ave., St. Louis, Mo. Walker, John, 49th and Market sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Wallace, Alexander, Ehinelander Building, New York, N. Y. Walsh, M. H., Woods Holl, Mass. Warburton, C, 81 New Boston Boad, Fall Biver, Mass. *Ward, C. W., Queens, N. Y. Washburn, C. L., 88 Wabash ave., Chicago, 111. Washburn, Geo., Bloomington, 111. Watson, Bob't, 368Townsend ave., Detroit, Mich. Weathered, C. B., 46 Marion St., New York, N. Y. Webber, Wm., Balcom St., Buffalo, N. Y. Weber, F. C, 4326 Olive St., St. Louis, Mo. Weber, Wm., Oakland, Md. Weeber, C. G., 114 Chambers st., New York, N. Y. Weiland, Peter, Evanston, 111. Weinhoeber, E., 417 Elm st., Chi- cago, 111. Weir, Fred., Fifth ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Weir, John B., 324 Fulton St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Welch, D., 15 Province st., Boston, Mass. Welch, E. J., 15 Province st., Boston, Mass. Welch, P., 15 Province st., Boston. Mass. Weetcott, John, Bidge and Lehigh aves., Philadelphia, Pa. Westcott, William EL, Bidge and Lehigh aves., Philadelphia, Pa. Westcott, W. B., Bidge and Lehigh aves., Philadelphia, Pa. Whelan, F. A., Mt. Vernon, Va. White, John, Pittsfield, Mass. White, Miss Fannie B., Lexington, Ky. Whitney, Charles A.. Upton, Mass. Whiting, A., Farmington ave., Hartford, Conn. Whitcomb, A., Lawrence, Kan. Whitnall.C. B., 1184 Humboldtave., Milwaukee, Wis. vViegand, A., 7th and Illinois st., Indianapolis, Ind. Wiegand, Geo. B., Indianapolis, Ind. Wilcox, J. F., Council Bluffs, la. Wilson, C. K., Greenfield, Mich. Wincott, Wm., Babylon, N. Y. Windier, G. B., 4059 Delore ave., St. Louis, Mo. Windmiller, Fred., Mankato, Minn. Winters, Thomas J., 1016 Com- merce St., Harrisburg, Pa. Winterson, E. F., 45 Wabash ave., Chicago, 111. Wintzer, A., West Grove, Pa. Withers, J. W., 136 Liberty St., New York, N. Y. Wittbold, Geo., 1708 No. Halsted st., Chicago, 111. Witterstaetter, Richard, Sedams- ville, O. Wollmers, A., 215 and 217 25th st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Wonson, John F., 88 Mt. Pleasant ave., E. Gloucester, Mass. ♦Wood, E. M., Natick, Mass. Wood, Harvey C, West Newton, Mass. Wunder, John, Winona, Minn. Yeates, J. E., 3d st. and Champaign ave., Springfield, 111. Young, Henry, Ada, 0. Young, John, 1406 Olive St., St. Louis, Mo. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 143 Zeller, Alfred, Lefferts Brooklyn, N. Y. Zeller, Charles, Lefferts Brooklyn, N. Y. Zirngiebel. D., Needham, Mass. Zweifel, N., 14th st. and Groeling ave., Milwaukee, Wis. LIST OF MEMBERS 1899-1900. Those marked with an * are life members. CALIFORNIA. Clack, Sidney, Menlo Park. McLellan, E. W., Burlingame, San Mateo Co. COLORADO. Clark, William, 318 E. Platte ave., Colorado Springs. Valentine, J. A., Denver. COinffECTICUT. John Coombs, Hartford, Vice-President. Bindloss, T. Palmer, New London. Champion, J. N.,New Haven. Charter, Mrs. H. E. , Meriden. Coombs, John, 118 Benton St., Hartford. Rowden, Geo. H., Wallingford. Smith, Jos. F. 62 Main St., Nor- wich. Spalding, John, New London. Whiting, A., Farmington ave.. Hartford. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. A. Gude, Washington, Vice-President. Durfee, Benj., Washington. Ernest, Wm. H. 28th and M. sts., N. E., Washington. Gauges, Philip, Botanic Garden, Washington. *Gude, Adolphus, 1224 F. st., Washington. *Gude, Wm. F., 1224 F. st., Wash- ington. Hitz, John, 917 R St., N. W., Washington. Kramer, F. H., Washington. *Schellhorn, C, Washington. Small, J. Henry, 14th and G. sts., Washington. Smith, W. R., Botanic Garden, Washington. Heinl, Jos., Jacksonville. FLORIDA. Shepard, W. O. H., Pensacola. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 145 Tait, C. S., Brunswick. GEORGIA. ILLINOIS. Edgar Sanders, Chicago, Vice-President. Asmus, Geo., 897 Madison ave., Chicago. Barker, Michael, 324 Dearborn st., Chicago. Ben thy, F. F., 41 Eandolph St., Chicago. Buckbee, H. W., Kockford. Buettner, Emil, Park Ridge. Coatsworth, L., 41 Randolph St., Chicago. Deamud, J. B., 51 Wabash ave., Chicago. Degnan, John, 84 Randolph St., Chicago. Dickinson, Chas. M., 76-8 Wabash ave., Chicago. Erringer, J. W., 297 Wabash ave., Chicago. Garland, Geo. M., Desplaines. Gentemann, C. F. W., Quincy. Grant, G. L., 334 Dearborn st., Chicago. Guy, E. W., Belleville. Hartshorne, Jas., Joliet. Hauswirth, P. J., 318 Wabash ave., Chicago. Heller, J. A., 1117 North 8th st., Quincy. Kanst, Fred, 5600 Cottage Grove ave., Chicago. King, F. J., Ottawa. Kraft, Julius, 317 No. Court St., Rockford. Kuhl, Geo. A., Pekin. Merrion, J. V., Chicago. Muir, John T., 3530 Michigan ave., Chicago. Phelps, H. L., Springfield. Pieser, E. H., 42-44 Randolph st., Chicago. Reinberg, Peter, Chicago. Ringler, Arnold, 10 No. Clark St., Chicago. Rudd, W. N., Mt. Greenwood. Rupp, N. J., 297-307 Hawthorne ave., Chicago. Sanders, Edgar, 1639 Belmont ave., Chicago. Smyth, W. J,, 270 31st st., Chicago. Stollery, Geo., Argyle Park, Chi- cago. Stollery, Fred., Argyle Park, Chi- cago. Vaughan, A. L., 47 Wabash ave., Chicago. Vaughan, J. C, 84-86 Randolph St., Chicago. Washburn, C. L., 88 Wabash ave., Chicago. Washburn, Geo., Bloomington. Weiland, Peter, Evanston. Weinhoeber, E., 417 Elm st., Chi- cago. Wilson, Jas. S., Western Springs. Winterson, E. F., 45 Wabash ave., Chicago. Wittbold, Geo., 1708 No. Halsted St., Chicago. Yeates, J. E., 3d st. and Champaign ave., Springfield. INDIANA. J. D. Carmody, Evansville, Vice-President. Bertermann, John, Indianapolis. Bertermann, William G. , Indian- apolis. Bullock, Mrs. E. M., Elkhart. Carmody, J. D., Evansville. Coles, W. W., Kokomo. 146 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION INDIANA— Continued . Dorner, Fred., Lafayette. Evans, J. A., Richmond Hill, E. Gurney, Richmond. Johansen, Wm., Indianapolis. Knecht, Fred. J., Fort Wayne. Rieman, H. "W., East and Main sts., Indianapolis. Sonnenschmidt, Carl, Indianapolis. Stuart, J. S., Anderson. Tinker, F. B., Peru. Vesey, W. J., Fort Wayne. VViegand, A., 7th and Illinois St., Indianapolis. Wiegand, Geo. B., Indianapolis. C. G. Andeeson, Anderson, C. G., 900 Chestnut St., Atlantic. Fulmer, J. T. D., 910 Des Moines st., Des Moines. Greene, W., Box 58, Davenport. Hall, W. S., Osage. Harkett, W. A., Dubuque. Kemble, W. E., Oskaloosa. Kramer, Judson A., Cedar Rapids. IOWA. Atlantic, Vice-President. Kranz, Geo., Muscatine. Laisle, Christ, Keokuk. Larson, P. L , Fort Dodge. Marshall, J. F., Des Moines. Perry, W. B , Cresco. Rennison, J. C, Sioux City. Symonds, W. T., Decorah. Temple, J. T., Davenport. Wilcox, J. F., Council Bluffs. KANSAS. C. F. MUELLER, Wichita, Vice-President. Coventry, M. J. , Fort Scott. Meyers, Hiram, Wellington. Moore, W. H., Manhattan. Mueller, Chas. F., Wichita. Whitcomb, A., Lawrence. KENTUCKY. Jacob Schulz, Louisville, Vice-President. Baumer, Aug. R., Louisville. Power, E., Frankfort. Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville. Schulz, Jacob, 606 Fourth ave., Louisville. White, Miss Fannie B., Lexington. LOUISIANA. Papworth, H., New Orleans. MAINE. J. A. Diewanger, Portland, Vice-President. Dirwanger, Joseph A., 719 Congress i Dirwanger, Albert, Portland, st. , Portland. | Sprague, E. B., Bowdoinham. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 147 MARYLAND. R. Vincent, Jr., White Marsh, Vice-President Bester, William, 205 So. Potomac St.. Hagerstown. Cook, John, 318 North Charles St., Baltimore. Hahn, Gottlob, Embla Park, Balti- more. Halliday, Robt., 11 E. Baltimore St., Baltimore. Millman, F. X., Green st. station, Cumberland. Seidewitz, E. A., 3G W. Lexington st., Baltimore. Vincent, R. Jr., White Marsh P. O., Baltimore Co. Weber, Wm., Oakland. MASSACHUSETTS. J. A. Pettigrew, Boston, and A. H. Lange, Worcester, Vice-Presidents. Anderson, James, Swampscott. Bock, W. A., North Cambridge- Brague, L. B., Hinsdale. Breed. E. W., Clinton. Butter worth, J. T., So. Framing- ham. Chase, Chas. S., Elm st., Dighton. Clapp, E. B., 169 Boston street, South Boston. Cook, H. A., Shrewsbury. Comley, Jame3. Lexington. Cotter, Lawrence, Dorchester. Cox, Thos. A., Olney St., Dor- chester. Donald, Wm., Corey St., W. Rox- bury. Donohue, P. J., Lenox. Edgar, William W., Waverly. Elliott, W. H., Brighton. *E\vell, Warren, 38 Wayland St., Roxbury. Farquhar, Robt. , North Cambridge. Fletcher, Fred. W., Auburndale. Foster, L. H., 45 King St., Dor- chester. Fu.ler, J., Leominster. Galvin, John, 124 Tremont St., Boston. Goodell, L. W., D wight. Gordon, Geo., Beverly. Harris, F. L., Wellesley. Hews, A. H., North Cambridge, Junkins, Geo. S., Lawrence. Knapp, W. H., Newtonville. Lange, Albert H., Worcester. Lange, H. F. A., Worcester. Loveless, Alfred J., Lenox. Mann, Mary S., Florence. Manning, J. Woodward, 1150 Tre- mont Building, Boston. *Mathison, Fred R., Waltham. Meyer, J. C, 87 Summer St., Boston. Miller, James L., 882 Western ave., Lynn. Miller, Wm , 882 Western ave , Lynn. Molloy, Wm. F., Wellesley. *Montgomery, Alexander, Natick. Montgomery, Alexander W. , Jr., Natick. Moseley, F. C, Neponset. Murdock, H. L., West Gardner. Newman, J. R., Winchester. Nicholson, William, Frarningham. Norton, M. H., Hotel Berkeley, Boston. Patten, M. A., Tewksbury. Pettigrew, J. A., Franklin Park, Boston. Rea, Charles H., Norwood. Rea, Frederick J., Norwood. Shaw, Chas. F., North Abington. Stewart, William J., 67 Bro infield St., Boston. 148 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. Sutherland, Geo. A., 67 Bromfield St., Boston. Thiemann, H., Manchester-by-the- Sea. Thompson, Geo. H., Lenox. Walsh, M. H., Woods Holl. Warburton, C, 81 New Boston Koad, Fall River. Welch, D., 15 Province st. , Boston. Welch, E. J., 15 Province St., Boston. Welch, P., 15 Province st., Boston. White, John, Pittsfleld. Whitney, Charles A.. Upton. Wonson, John F., 88 Mt. Pleasant ave., E. Gloucester. *Wood, E. M., Natick. Wood, Harvey C, West Newton. Zirngiebel, D., Needham. MICHIGAN. G. A. Rackha.m, Detroit, Vice-President. Beard, F. H., Detroit. Breitmeyer, Philip, Detroit. Briscoe, J. A., Detroit. Brogan, Thos., 1002 So. Union av., Ann Arbor. Carey, J. E., Mt. Clemens. Crabb, G. F., Grand Rapids. Dilger, Wm., Detroit. Dunn, John, 890 Wabash ave., Detroit. Ferguson, Andrew, 906 Farns- worth ave., Detroit. Flowerday, Robt., Detroit. Fruck, Henry C, GrossePt. Farms. Gipner, John, Niles. Goetz, John B., Saginaw, W. S. Gunson, Thos., Agricultural Col- lege P. O. Holznagel, F., Detroit. Lemke, Aug, , Paul P. O. , E. Grand Rapids. Pautke, Fred., Grosse Point. *Rackham, Geo. A., 880 Vandyke ave., Detroit. Schroeter, B., Detroit. Smith, Elmer D., Adrian. Sullivan, J. F., 220 Woodward ave., Detroit. Taft, Prof. L. R., Agricultural College. Taplin, Stephen, 930 Fort St., Detroit. Van Bochove, J. R., Kalamazoo. Watson, Rob't, 368 Townsend ave. , Detroit. Wilson, C. K., Greenfield. MINNESOTA. S. D. Dysingek, St. Paul, Vice-President. Berry, Frank, Stillwater. Busch, Fred., 950 Lyndale av., So. Minneapolis. Dysinger, S. D., care L. L. May & Co., St. Paul. Hansen, Christian, Dale St., St. Paul. Lemke. E. F., 91 W. 7th St., St. Paul. May, L. L., St. Paul. Monson, John, 3501 Portland ave., Minneapolis. Nagel, E., Minneapolis. Nussbaumer, Fred, St. Paul. Swanson, A. S., 117 Endicott Arcade, St. Paul. Windmiller, Fred., Mankato. Wunder, John, Winona. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 149 MISSOURI. E. H. Michel, St. Louis, Vice-President. Beneke, J. J., St. Louis. Beyer, Eobt., 3619 So. Grand St., St. Louis. Beyer, Carl, Grand and Evans sts., St. Louis. Brown, R. S , Box 99, Kansas City. Connou, Chas., St. Louis. Dalley, Miss M., St. Louis Fillmore, F. J., Nebraska ave., South St. Louis. Jordan, J. M., St. Louis. Juengel, Chas. A., 1841 South 14th St., St. Louis. ♦Kellogg, Geo. M., Pleasant Hill. Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine St., St. Louis. Kunz, J. W. 822 Olive St., St. Louis. Michel, E. H., Magnolia and Tower Grove ave., St. Louis. Murray, Miss Jennie, Kansas City. Reichard, D. M , St. Joseph. Rock, W. L., Kansas City. Sanders, C. C, 5600 Delmar ave., St. Louis. Schray, Emil, 4101 Penn ave., St. Louis. Schray, Wm., 4101 Penn ave., St. Louis. Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park, St. Louis. Trelease, Prof. Wm., Missouri Botanic Garden, St. Louis. Waldbart, Alexander, 3538 Chest- nut St., St. Louis. Waldbart, Geo., 516 No. Grand ave., St. Louis. Weber, F. C, Louis. Windier, G. B. St. Louis. Young, John, Louis. 4326 Olive St., St. , 4059 Delore ave., 1406 Olive St., St. Lau, D. E., Butte. MONTANA. NEBRASKA. J. J. Hess, Omaha, Vice-President. Berlinghop, F., Omaha. Chapin, L. C, Lincoln. Davy, R. C, Omaha. Donaghue, A., 5425 No. 24th St., Omaha. Donaghue, A. Jr., 109 So. 16th St., Omaha. Hadkinson, J. H.. Omaha. Henderson, Lewis, 16th and Far- num sts., Omaha. 140 Farnura st., Hess, J. J., Omaha. Hesser, W. J., Plattsmouth. Peterson, Henry, Florence. Stewart, S. B., 119 North 16th St., Omaha. Swoboda, Geo. H., 5807 No. 24th st , Omaha. Taylor, F. W., Paxton Building, Omaha. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Aug. Gaedeke, Nashua, Vice-President. Chase, Benj., Jr., Derry. Gaedeke, Aug., Nashua. Hoitt, C. W., Nashua. Paterson, Robt., care Hon. Frank Jones, Portsmouth. 150 9BOCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION NEW JERSEY. F. L. Atkins, Rutherford, and A. Hebbington, Madison, Vice-Presidents. Asmus, Ernst G., West Hoboken. Asmus, Rudolph, New Durham. Atkins, F. L., Rutherford. Boehler, Oscar, W. Hoboken. Butterback, N., Oceanic. Goddington, L. B., Murray Hill. Du Rie, W. B., Rah way. Edwards, Theo. E., Bridgeton. Eisele, J. D., Riverton. *Esler, John G., Saddle River. Flemer, Wm., Springfield. Herrington, A., Madison. Hulsebosch, A., Englewood. Jones, Hiram T., Elizabeth. Lager, John E., Summit. Leuly, E., West Hoboken. Macro rie, D., So. Orange. Manda, Joseph A., Jr., South Orange. Manda, W. A., South Orange. May, J. N., Summit., McMahon, Frank, Seabright. Mott, Walter, Riverton. Nash, S. O, Clifton, Passaic Co. Noe, L. M., Madison. O'Mara, P., Grand st., Jersey City. Ouwerkerk, P. , 206 Cambridge ave., Jersey City. Roehrs, Julius, Carleton Hill. Steinhoff, Herman C, West Hobo- ken. Strohlein, George A., Riverton. Turnley, C. William, Haddonfield. NEW YORK Alex. Wallace, New York, and D. B. Long, Buffalo, Vice-Presidents. Allen, R. W., Hudson. Allen, C. H. , Floral Park. Armitage, Chas., 233 Mercer St., New York. Ashmead, C. W., Box 252, Sing Sing. Barry, William C, Rochester. Begbie, Jas W., 342 W. 14th st., New York. Bennett, Geo. E., 794 Flatbush av., Brooklyn. Boddington, A. T., 342 W. 14th st., New York. Braik, Jas., Buffalo. Burns, Alexander S., Woodside. Burr, M. L., Sawens. Bussard, Henri, 248 New Union st.. Yonkers. Cleary, J. P., 60 Vesey St., New York. Co well, J. F., Botanic Garden, Buf- falo. Crowe, Peter, Utica. Dailledouze, Eugene, Flatbush. Dailledouze, Henry, Flatbush. Dailledouze, Paul, Flatbush. *Dean, James, Babylon. De La Mare, A. T., Rhinelander Building, New York. Devoy, Peter T., Poughkeepsie. Dingwall, John, Troy Road, Al- bany. Donaldson, John, Elmhurst, Long Island. Florey, James, Medina Gibbons, H. W., 136 Liberty St., New York. Gindra, David, Poughkeepsie, Guenther, Chas. T., Hamburg. Hageman, Wm., 55 Dey st , New York. *Hammond, Benjamin, Fishkill. Hampton, E. S., Spring Brook. Harmon, H. W., Sawens. Hatcher, John C, Amsterdam. Henderson, Charles, 35-37 Cort- laDdt St., New York. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 151 NEW YORK— Continued. Henshaw, Sam'l, Botanical Gar- dens, Bronx Park, New York. Herendeen, F. A., Geneva. Herrmann, A., 404-412 E. 34th St., New York. Hewson, C. J., 1673 Abbott Road, Buffalo. Howatt, D. E., Clayton Jaosen, Ed., 124 West 19th st. , New York. Johnson, Mrs. Fred. H., 45 Whit- ney ave., Olean. Joosten. C. H., 85 Dey St., New York. Easting. W. F., 495 Washington St., Buffalo. Keller, J. M., 65th and Fifth ave., Brooklyn. Koffman, E., Walden, Orange Co. Krause, H. M., Glen Island. *Kretschmar, H. G., Box 99, West Nyack. *Kretschmar, J. F,, West Nyack. Krick, W. C, 1287 Broadway, Brooklyn. Kroniback, Charles, 181 25th st., Brooklyn. Langjahr, A. H., 19 Boerum pi., Brooklyn. Loder, Cornelius S. , 271 Broadway, New York. Long, D. B., Buffalo. Lynch, M. J., Poughbeepsie. Manker, Frank, Winsor Terrace, Brooklyn. Mansfield, Thos., Lockport Marc, C. J., Woodside. McClure, Geo. W., Buffalo. Mellis, D. Y., Flatbush. Miller, A. L., Sta. E., Brooklyn. Neubrand, E. W., Tarrytown. Nilsson, Win., Woodlawn, New York. Palmer, W. J., 304 Main st., Buf- falo. Palmer, W. J , Jr., 304 Main St., Buffalo. Perkins, C. H., Newark. Pierson, F. R., Tarrytown. Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough. Plumb, William, 51 W. 28th St., New York, Poole, Herman, 357 Canal St., New York. Powell, I. L., Millbrook. Eath, H. C, Flushing. Rawson, G. P., Elmira. Reid, Robt., 126 Cambridge place, Brooklyn. Rhotert, Aug., 26 Barclay st., New York. Risch, Chas., 2160 Genesee St., Buffalo. Roehrs, Theo., 494 E. 176th st., New York. Rolker, Winfried, 52 Dey St., New York. Rolker, Jos. E., 52 Dey St., New York. Schmutz, Louis, Clarkson street, Brooklyn. Scott, Philip, Balcom st., Buffalo. Scott, W. B., Balcom st., Buffalo. Scott, W. , 479 Main st. , Buffalo. Sexton, S. B., 2 Wall St., New York. Shanley, James, 216 25th street, Brooklyn. Shaw, J. Austin, 409 Fifth ave.- New York. Sheridan, W. F., 39 W. 28th st., New York. *Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria. ♦Siebrecht, H. A., 409 Fifth ave., New York. Siebrecht, H. A. Jr., New Rochelle. Smith, John, Woodhaven. Steffens, Emil, 335 East 21st St., New York. Sutton, E. B., Jr., Babylon. Taylor, J. H., Bayside. 152 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION NEW YORK— Continued. *Thorne, Samuel, 43 Cedar st. , New York. Thrall, A. L., Jamestown. Turner, Wm., Tarrytown. Vincent, E. H., Flower City Plant Food Co., Kochester. Wallace, Alexander. Khinelander Building, New York. *Ward, C. W., Queens. Weathered, C. B., 46 Marion st., New York. Webber, Wm., Balcom st., Buffalo. Weeber, C. G., 114 Chambers St., New York. Weir, Fred., Fifth ave., Brooklyn. Weir, John R., 324 Fulton St., Brooklyn Wincott, Wm.. Babylon. Withers, J. W., 136 Liberty St., New York. Wollmers, A., 215 and 217 25th st., Brooklyn. Zeller, Alfred, Lefferts ave., Brooklyn. Zeller, Charles, Lefferts ave., Brooklyn. NORTH CAROLINA. J. W. C. Deake, Asheville, Vice-President. Bottomley, Robert, Biltmore. Deake, J. W. C, Asheville. Deake, Mrs. J. B., 324 Charlotte St., Asheville. OHIO. Robt. Geokge, Painesville, and E. H. Giesy, Lockland, Vice-Presidents. Altick, H. M., 1123 No. Main st., Dayton. Aul, Fred., Glenville. Bartels, F. C, 101 Euclid ave., Cleveland. Bartlett, Geo. S., Cincinnati. Beck, Chas., National Military Home, Montgomery Co. Berno, E. M., 181 Hedges st., Mans- field. Coe, A. M., Coe Ridge. Cunningham, Jos. H., 325 W. Wil- liam st., Delaware. Cushman, E. H., Euclid. Erhardt, Charles, 358 Erie ave., Cleveland. Gasser, J. M., 101 Euclid ave., Cleveland George, Robert, Painesville. Giesy, E. H., Lockland. Gillett, E. G., Cincinnati. Good, J. M., Springfield. *Graham, Adam, 2849 Euclid ave., Cleveland. Graham, C. J., Cleveland. Hagenburger, C, Mentor. Hagenburger, P., Hart St., Mentor. Hall, W. E., Clyde. Hart, Albert A , Cleveland. Hart, H. A., 1262-1272 Detroit St., Cleveland. Heinl, George A., 337 Summit st.» Toledo. Hellenthal, John P., Columbus. Hippard, E., Youngstown. Hoffmeister, August, Cincinnati. Imlay, John D., Zanesville. Joseph, Miss Rosa, Pataskala. Knopf, Albert, Columbus. Kunz, Henry, Glenville. Lamborn, L. L., Alliance. McCullough, Albert, 134 Walnut St., Cincinnati. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 153 OHIO— Continued. McCullough, J. Chas., 2d and Wal- nut sts., Cincinnati. Mellen, Geo. H., Springfield. Merkel, John, Mentor. Miller, Geo. L., 12 E. Park pi., Newark. Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic st., Cleveland. Peterson, J. A., Cincinnati. Ponting, Fred., Glenville. Reeser, W. H., Urbana. Ritter, Herman H., 435 W. North ave., Dayton. Sandiford, Rob't., Mansfield. Schmitt, A., Glenville. Stoehr, R. C, Fruit Tree Label Co., Dayton. Stroup, T. B., 411 No. 6th st., New Philadelphia. Suder, Mrs. E., 304 Summit St., Toledo. Sunderbruch, Albert, Cincinnati. Ullrich, Lewis, Tiffin. Witterstaetter, Richard, Sedams- ville. Young, Henry, Ada. PENNSYLVAWTA. John Westcott, Philadelphia, and F. Burki, Bellevue, Vice-Presidents. Anderson, George, 5230 Woodland ave., Philadelphia. Bader, John, Allegheny. Baker, W. J., 1430 So. Penn sq., Philadelphia. *Ball, Charles D., Holmesburg. Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Phila- delphia. *Beatty, H. B., Oil City. Beckert, Theodore F., Glenfield. Blind, H. L. , West View. Burki, Fred., Bellevue P. 0., Alle- gheny. Burpee, W. Atlee, 5th and Willow sts., Philadelphia. ' Burton, John, Chestnut Hill, Phila- delphia. Butz, Geo. O, State College, Centre Co. Butz, Wm. T., New Castle. Campbell, Edw., Ardmore. Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. Connell, Benj., West Grove. Connor, D. T., Lansdowne. Craig, W. P., 49th and Market sts., Philadelphia. Craig, Robert, 49th and Market sts. , Philadelphia. Dillon, J. L., Bloomsburg. Downs, Alex., Wissahickon Hts., Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. Dreer, William F., 714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. Dumont, H. T., 1305 Filbert st., Philadelphia. Eichholz, Henry, Waynesboro. Eichorn, Geo., Pittsburgh. Eisele, John G., 20th and Ontario sts., Philadelphia. Eisele, C, 11th and Jefferson sts., Philadelphia. Falconer, Wm. , Supt. of Parks, Pittsburg. Fancourt, George E.,Wilkes-Barre. Foss, John M. , Etna. Geiger, Henry C, 614 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. Gibbs, J. F., Woodville. Habermehl, John P., 22d and Dia- mond sts., Philadelphia. Hahman, F., Harrowgate lane, Frankford, Philadelphia. 154 PROCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. Hamburger, Simon, 811 Fairmount ave., Philadelphia. * Harris, W. K., 55th st. and Spring- field ave., Philadelphia. *Harris, W. K. Jr., 55th st. and Springfield ave., Philadelphia. Harris, J. J., 55th st. and Spring- field ave., Philadelphia. Heacock, Joseph, Wyncote. Herr, Albert M , P. O. Box 338, Lancaster. Hinkle, Fred., West View. Jones, S. Morris, West Grove. Kahlerfc, C. W., 1514 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. Kift, Robert, 1725 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. Kletzly, J., Verona. Krueger, Angustus, Meadville. Kuhn, John, 5th and Tabor sts., Philadelphia. Langhans, T. P., 190 North ave., Allegheny. Leslie, M. F. , Pittsburg. Loew, Wm., 89 Pike st., Allegheny. Lonsdale, Edwin, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. Ludwig, E. O, Allegheny. Ludwig, Gustave, 208 Allegheny Market, Allegheny. Ludwig, J. W., Allegheny. Maule, Wm. H., 1711 Filbert st, Philadelphia. Maybury, Thos., 218 39th st., Pitts- burg. Mayer, Jacob M., Lancaster. Meehan, Thos. B., Germantown. Mich ell, H. F., 1018 Market St., Philadelphia. Moon, S. C. , Morrisville. Moon, W. H , Morrisville. Moss, Geo. M., 32 So. 17th st., Philadelphia. Murdock, A. M., 510 Smithfield st., Pittsburg. Neff, L. I., Pittsburg. O'Brien, M. I., Sharon. Randolph, P. S., Pittsburg. Reid, Edw., 1526 Ranstead St., Philadelphia. Reineman, E. C. , 305 Lowry st., Allegheny. Rice, M., 918 Filbert St., Phila. Rockwell, W. C, Bradford. Rohrer, A. D., Lancaster. Rohrer, H. L\, Lancaster. Rosengren, J. A., Monongahela City. Rupp, D. C. , Shiremanstown. Rupp, J. F., Shiremanstown. Rust, David, Hort. Hall, Philadel- phia. Schroyer, Geo. W., Lancaster. Scott, A. B., Sharon Hill, Philadel- phia. Sibson, J. F., Germantown. Siebert, Chas. T., Stanton ave., Station B, Pittsburg. Siefert, Geo., Allegheny. Skidelsky, S. S., 1201 No. 25th st., Philadelphia. Smith, A. W., Boggs ave., Pitts- burg. Strong, O. H., Oil City. Taplin, W. H., Holmesburg. Walker, John, 49th and Market sts., Philadelphia. Westcott, John, Ridge and Lehigh aves., Philadelphia. Westcott, William H., Ridge and Lehigh aves., Philadelphia. Westcott, W. B. , Ridge and Lehigh aves., Philadelphia. Winters, Thomas J., 1016 Com- merce st., Harrisburg. Wintzer, A., West Grove. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 155 RHODE ISLAND. Robert Laurie, Newport, Vice-President. Brunton, F,, Newport. Byrnes, Peter S., Wickford. Gibson, Thos. J., Bellevue ave., Newport. Greene, R W., Warwick. Johnson, George, 18 Earl St., Providence. Jurgens, Carl, Newport. Laurie, Bobt., Newport. MacLellan, Alex., Ruggles ave., Newport. Macrae, Farquhar, 1138 Smith st., Providence. Millar, A., 595 Pawtucket ave., Pawtucket. Beuter, Louis, Westerly. Reuter, S. J., Westerly. Sweeney, M., 510 Pine st., Provi- dence. SOUTH DAKOTA. Newbury, E. C, Mitchell. | Schumacher, J. J., Sioux Falls. Hune, C. H., Memphis. TENNESSEE. Meyer, Herman, Carthage. TEXAS. Comstock, Mrs. M. F., El Paso. UTAH. Evans, R. E., Salt Lake City. VERMONT. D. McGillivray, Brattleboro, Vice-President. Mass, Geo. H., Woodstock. | McGillivray, D., Brattleboro. VIRGINIA. F. A. Whelan, Mt. Vernon, Vice-President. Blick, Lloyd G., 51 Granby St., Nor- folk. Davis, W. S., Box 2, Purcellville. Whelan, F. A., Mt. Vernon. WISCONSIN. C. B. Whitnall, Milwaukee, Vice-President. Haentze, E. Fon du Lac. Hunkel, H. V., Milwaukee. Kennedy, W. A., Milwaukee. Klokner, A., 930 Grand ave., Mil- waukee. Pike, Mrs. Chas. W., 408 Main st., Racine. Pollworth, C.C. , Box 75, Milwaukee. Salzer, John A., La Crosse. Sylvester, Otto, Oconomowoc. Turner, Lewis, Kenosha. Whitnall.C. B., 1184 Humboldt ave., Milwaukee. Zweifel, N., 14th st. and Groeling ave., Milwaukee. 156 PKOCEEDINGS OF FIFTEENTH CONVENTION WASHINGTON. Gibbs, Geo., Orcas, San Juan Co. ONTARIO, CANADA. Baxter, Chas. "W., 72 Adelaide st. N., Chatham. Bock, Theo., Hamilton. Dale, Harry, Brampton. Gammage, W., 213 Dundas St., Lon- don. Killen, J. E., Box 335, Windsor. Killeen.JKobt., Chatham. INDEX FIRST DAY— OPENING SESSION. Address of Welcome, Mayor Wm. C. Maybury 6 The unselfish spirit of the times ; Detroit's early history . . 7 Detroit a city of homes 8 Response, Robert Craig 8 Appreciation of Detroit's welcome ; the dangerous influence of too much athletic enthusiasm 9 President Rudd's Address 10 What our Society stands for 10 Where its largest support comes from ; the horticultural prog- ress of the past year 11 Growth of floriculture in the West ; duties of the experiment stations ; pertinent trade questions 12 Annual Report of Secretary Stewart 13 Causes of decrease in membership ; additions during the year 13 Our new activities and their effect ; new plants registered . . 14 Executive Committee's work ; payment of Omaha guarantees ; deaths 15 Annual Report of Treasurer Beatty 16 Nomenclature Committee 18 Report of Committee on Co-operative Purchase 18 Work of the past season 18 Letters of commendation 19 Recommendations for future management of department : a corporation suggested ; its advantages 20 Benefits of Co-operation 21 Co-operation in Europe and its results 22 The Rochdale Pioneers ; their enormous profits 23 Report of Legislative Committee 24 Custom house delays ; causes and results : remedies .... 25 Correspondence with Senate Committee 26 How invoices should be made out 27 Correspondence with Appraiser 29 Copy of the laws regarding importations 30 Results of Committee's investigations 31 Instructions from Treasury Department 32 Advice to importers; specific duties advocated 33 158 INDEX. List of Exhibition Judges 34 Eepokt op Claims Committee 34 Beading of Communications 35 Invitations from Convention League of Cleveland ; Buffalo Merchants' Exchange, Mayor of Niagara Falls, Falls Park Commission, Hotel Association of Chicago, Milwaukee Citi- zens' League, Saratoga Convention Bureau, and Greater American Exposition ; communication from Census Office and from Pan-American Exposition 35 Pkesident's Eeception ... 36 SECOND DAY— MORNING. Disposition of Vice-Presidents' Beports 37 Selection of Place of Meeting for 1900 37 Invitation from New York Florists' Club ; from Mayor Van Wyck ; New York's advantages 38 Invitation from Gov. Roosevelt; New York unanimously selected 39 Nomination of Officers 40 Pan-American Exposition 40 Bequest for advisory committee ; Mr. Scott explains the situ- ation 41 Views of Messrs. O'Mara, Budd and Carmody 42 Miscellaneous Announcements 43 Co-operative Purchase ... 44 Discussion of committee's recommendations ; Mr. Hill suggests purchase of a glass factory 45 What the trusts are doing ; views of Messrs. Ward, May and Vaughan 46 Views of Messrs. Craig, Scott, Turner and Seidewitz 48 Committee appointed to consider suggested corporation ... 49 Excessive duty on glass 50 Besult of Informal Ballot for Officers 51 SECOND DAY— AFTERNOON. American Bose Society Convenes 51 Address by President Barry; appeal for support 52 Mr. Craig speaks for the rose 53 Mr. Hill's views ; subscriptions begin 54 Excursion to Star Island 55 159 THIRD DAY— MORNING. Miscellaneous Business . . . . • 56 Appointment of special committees 56 Life memberships conferred ... 57 A Paper — Kose House Pests and How to Annihilate Them. Edmund M. Wood, Natick, Mass 57 The study of entomology; classification of insects; effectual application of insecticides 58 Rose chafer ; June beetle; green fly ; their voraciousness; their natural enemies 59 Leaf hoppers ; slugs ; gall flies 60 Leaf roller ; thrips ; red spider 61 Use of sulphur, paris green, london purple, arsenic, hellebore, pyrethrum, kerosene, whale oil soap, tobacco, lime, soot, hydrocyanic acid, bisulphide of carbon and XL 62 Election op Officers 63 Congratulations and responses of successful candidates ... 64 The Question Box " Grafting dormant rose wood on Manetti ;" E.G.Hill ... 65 "Sub-watering;" Prof. Taft and others 66 A Paper— Hybridization of Carnations and Introduction of New Varieties. C. Ward, Queens, N. Y 66 The demand for novelties ; average life of a variety ; selection of parents 67 Comparative points of value 68 Methods of introduction; the boom method; the business method; advice to propagators 69 THIRD DAY— EVENING. A Telegram; Glass Works for Sale 71 A Paper — Development of Public Patronage in the Flower Trade. J. F. Sullivan, Detroit, Mich 71 Influence of the catalogues ; value of flower shows ; effect of the Omaha Exposition 72 Flower parades ; rivalry in floral decorations ; the growers' duty; work of the clubs 73 Influencing the school children; increasing trade by organized and by individual effort 74 Pleasing customers ; care in executing orders ; value of the press; its willingness to assist 75 Misrepresentation and its bad results; be fair and tell the truth 76 Mr. Scott's views 77 160 INDEX. Co-operative Purchase Committee brings in recommendation and plan for forming a corporation 78 Discussion of the project; questions of capital and stock distribution ... 79 Liabilities and legal restrictions 80 The Society's share and its rights and responsibilities .... 81 Several legal phases ; peculiarities of lawyers 82 Adoption of the recommendations 83 Presentation to President Rudd 83 Mr. Craig's remarks and President Rudd's response 84 The Question Box "Soil for outdoor planting of Carnations ;" E. G. Hill .... 84 "Aureole Geraniums as bedders;" W. W. Coles, E. G. Hill, W. Scott and C. W. Ward 85 " Soda as a substitute for potash ;" J. F. Cowell 86 "Butted Glass;" Wm. Scott 87 Lively discussion by E. M. "Wood, Wm. Scott, C. W. Ward . . 88 Many experiences pro and con 90 Pan-American Exposition Wm. Scott recommended for Superintendent 91 The Question Box Steam pump or hot air pump for filling tank 92 Miscellaneous Business Invitation to Ottawa 92 More work for Legislative Committee 93 FOURTH DAY Sports, Sight- Seeing and Visiting 94 Report of Committee on Final Resolutions 95 Report of Superintendent of Trade Exhibition 96 Reports of Exhibition Committees Class A. Plants 97 Class B, Cut Blooms ; Class C, Boilers and Heating Apparatus ; Class D, Greenhouse Appliances and Flower Pots .... 99 Class E, Florists' Supplies and Fancy Earthern Ware .... 100 Class F, Bulbs and Seeds ; Class G, Miscellaneous 101 Medal Committee 103 INDEX. 161 Reports of State Vice-Presh>ents Illinois; Chicago's growth ; increase of glass ; severe winter . . 104 Census figures ; Horticultural Society and Florists' Club ; progress in carnations and chrysanthemums 105 Iowa; increasing trade; hailstorms 106 Kentucky; increased plant business and holiday trade; hail storms; awakening interest in National Society 107 Maryland; what the. Gardeners' Club has been doing; essays and exhibitions ; little building 108 Massachusetts; progress on all lines . • 109 Michigan; new introductions ; statistics of imports 110 Nebraska; Omaha results ; increased business ; improved con- struction Ill Minnesota; increased demand and higher prices ; competition of public institutions 112 New Hampshire; satisfactory 112 Neiv York, East; increase in building ; marked improvement in many lines; imports 113 Auction sales; chrysanthemums; exhibitions; custom house delays 114 Horticultural literature; obituary ; credits; a flower market wanted 115 Ohio, North; prosperity; bedding plants sold well; perennials and shrubbery in demand ; little building ; extreme winter 116 Vermont ; better business 117 Wisconsin; difficulty in getting responses; small increase in glass 117 Hail insurance: co-operative purchase; increasing trade; various notes . • 118 Florists' Hail Association of America Secretary's report . . 119 Treasurer's report 120 Election of officers 124 American Carnation Society Plans for Buffalo meeting 125 Chrysanthemum Society of America List of awards for 1898 126 Plant Introductions in America in 1899 Roses, carnations 127 Chrysanthemums 128 Cannas. dahlias 129 Geraniums, sweet peas 130 Miscellaneous 131 Alphabetical List of Memijeis 133 List of Members by States 144 ~2 (T-3 »»££•;• *£•* *:■?* . • •••••••■. »v.v» y**^ ' ■\ l"^^.. :fcSS ',--":V;.r-&? 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