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LIBRARY

OF THE

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UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
LIBRARY

SB

403

S6

18th

1902

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

Eighteenth Annual Convention

OF THE

Society of American Florists

And Ornamental Horticulturists

HELD AT

Asheville, North Carolina

AUGUST 19th, 20th, 2 1 St and 22d

1902

Copyrighted, 1902, by Wm. J. Stewart, Secretary, Boston, Mass.

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PROCEEDINGS.

AsHEViLLE, N. C, Tuesday, Aug. 19, 1902.

The unrivaled natural beauty of this mountain resort, its pan-
orama of picturesque views, its bracing atmosphere and cool nights
in midsummer, contributed to make the Eighteenth Annual Meeting-
one of the most enjoyable in the history of the Society.

The Convention headquarters, in the Asheville Auditorium were
thronged with visitors throughout the three days' sessions, and the
liveliest interest was manifested in the proceedings. Splendid ken-
tias and other decorative plants adorned the hall. The trade exhi-
bition, which occupied the entire stage and right and left wings
of the Auditorium, was much larger and more comprehensive than
had been anticipated, every foot of available space being occupied,
and among the contributors were a number of Southern patrons
who had not heretofore participated in these annual trade displays.

All sections of the country were represented in the audience,
which completely filled the hall at the opening session, which began
at 3.30 o'clock P. M. The appearance on the platform of ex-
Presidents Wm. R. Smith, Wm. Scott, E. G. Hill and P. O'Mara
was greeted with applause.

Vice-President J. W. C. Deake, of Asheville, N. C, presided.
Upon taking the Chair he expressed the universal feeling of regret
that President Burton had been unable to be present. He said that
all the members were aware of the cause of that gentleman's ab-
sence; that no one regretted it more than himself, and that the

"ilOjf

■i PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

sympathy of the whole Socict}- would g-o out to their President
and his family in their sad bereavement. As the duty of presiding
at the meetings had devolved upon him, the \ ice-President asked
to have the kind indulgence of the Convention in h's discharge
of that duty. He then introduced the gentleman (Mr. Barnard)
who had been selected to formally welcome the visitors.

A WELCOME AND A RESPONSE.

Mr. Alfred S. Barnard, on behalf of the Board of Trade and
citizens of Asheville, deliverfed - the fbllovving- address of welcome,
which was received with many demonstrations of appreciation :

Mr. President and Members of the Society of American Florists: Ashe-
ville appreciates your presence and acknowledges the favor thus conferred.
That it should have been chosen the first Southern city in which to hold a
convention of your society, composed of members from all parts of the
American continent, gives it a distinction and a prominence of which it is
justly proud. That her enterprising and progressive people will use their
utmost endeavors to prove it worthy of this preference I feel fully assured.
The responsibility of your formal reception has devolved upon me. The
obligation for your proper entertainment has been cheerfully assumed by our
entire citizenship. I esteem it a great privilege to be permittd toi give utter-
ance to their greeting, but I am not unmindful of the difficulty incident to the
faithful execution of such a commission. Tlicy rejoice at your coming and
extend you a cordial welcome.

The existence of your organization evinces the comprehensi\e character
of modern society. It is additional evidence of the advanced state of in-
dustrial development. The occupation which it is intended to promote is
the bringing together in practical form the combined gifts of science and art.
It demands the closest alliance between knowledge and taste, and fosters
intimate and reciprocal relations between nature and talent. It is the science
of cultivation adapted to the art of decoration.

There is hardly a branch of trade that has undergone such remarkable
improvement. The impetus given it by the wonderful discoveries in the
productioiT and modification of plant species, and the corresponding achieve-
ments in every department of botany, has steadily raised it to an important
position in our social economy. Its elevating and humanizing tendency is
appai'ent wherever its practice has been introduced.

The appreciation of beauty has always been a mark of refinement. It
is the product of an educated instinct, a condition found only in cultured
races. It comes with higher evolution to further distinguish civilized man
from his savage brother. The aesthetic faculty is developed late in the mental
process and may yet serve as a determinate element in cultivated life. Archae-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. O

ologists are already classifying ancient civilization according to the quality
of this perception as exhibited in their works of art. The masterpieces of
all ages have issued from the soul of genius, stirred by emotions of the
beautiful. It is woven into the fabric of every system of ideal philosophy,
and supiplies the ultimate goal for human aspiration and accomplishment.
Architecture, sculpture, poetry, painting, have each had their origin in beau-
tiful conceptions. Which of these imitations does not testify to the majesty
of that handiwork which wrought out nature's standards? The delicate and
subtle touch that tints a single rose is bej'ond the attainment of the most
classic mixer of richest pigments.

In coming here you have made no mistake nor could you have selected
a more appropriate place. It would have been difficult for you to have
visited a region surrounded by a greater wealth of natural splendor or one
which affords superior advantages for research and experiment. Here, in
one magnificent work of art, has been collected all the manifestations of
creative energy. Unsurpassed in the grandeur of its scenery, the variety
and abundance of its flora offers an inviting field to every student of plant
life. A gentle climate and congenial soil have brought a profusion of choicest
verdure with which to clothe and decorate these majestic hills. Within the
narrow compass of this mountain section Asa Gray reports a representative
of every family which liourishes between the latitudes of Labrador and Wil-
mington. Go with me to the mountain sides and valleys, native haunts
of rhododendron and azalea, and observe with what a lavish hand these
ornaments have been spread. I would bid you climb to yonder summit and
behold it in ever-changing panorama, stretching in gorgeous perspective,
waiting only to be touched by the wizard hand of horticulture to be trans-
formed into a garden of perennial beauty.

I shall not attempt to minutely describe that which appeals to you,
companions of nature, in a language too eloquent for any tongue, or to put
in words a sublime reality which is beyond the furthest reach of rarest
fancy. Every tree and every shrub, every plant and every blossom has,
for you, a dialect' more enchanting than speech. There is not a leaf or stem
or petal, not a calyx or corolla, which does not. with inexpressible charm,
unfold to you the story of its beginning, growth and consummation. May
the influence of this meeting awaken within us an adequate appreciation of
these attractions and inspire us to a larger application of your beautifying
and perfecting skill.

But not to our municipality alone is your presence a source of pride
and pleasure. It has a significance and a meaning far more extensive. Its
local benefit and interest are secondary and incomparable to its capacity for
possible good to state and nation. For these it carries an import pregnant
with hope. It is a further revelation of that liberality of temper which has
done so much to consolidate and rehabilitate our country. It indicates the
breaking down of another of those barriers which have too long, to the
detriment of all sections, resisted and repelled every approach.

The crowning excellence of the present age is the triumph of co-opera-

6 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

tion. The fundamental basis of all permanence is unity. Disturb the concert
of natural forces and you immediately annihilate the universe. To interrupt
the harmonious actions of physical functions is productive of disorder, dis-
ease and death ; and so it is with the body social, political, or commercial —
an improper adjustment means rebellion, revolution and ruin. The history
of civilization is replete with instances of governments and institutions which
have attained a high degree of perfection only to be destroyed by the disin-
tegrating power of persistent discord. At no period in the evolution of
society has this principle of helpfulness been so widely applied or its necessity
so universally recognized. To this may be attributed the marvelous rapidity
of recent progress, and upon its encouragement depends the only promise
for future stability.

The political orators of the day have been accustomed to ascribe our
national reconciliation to the Spanish war. But they have mistaken causes
and considered only a result which that common danger brought to light.
It is acquaintanceship, intercourse and contact such as this, that has been
most conducive to the process of cementation. Prompted by an insatiable
craving for something better, realizing the greater efficiency of combined
effort, and attracted by that bond of sympathy which always exists between
those engaged in a like employment, large numbers of similar associations
have been formed, furnishing favorable opportunities for the interchange
of those civilities which not only strengthen commercial ties, but engender
firm and lasting friendships. The members of these organizations, crossing
and recrossing, have done more than all else to obliterate those imaginary
lines which once divided us into North, South and West. What will so
quickly remove and so permanently eradicate every trace of sectional ani-
mosity, prejudice and jealousy? From every quarter we have gratifying
assurances of their rapid disappearance. Welcome the day when even the
memory of such feelings shall have been forever extinguished, when all
America shall constitute one indissoluble union, and all Americans, enrolled
under a common flag, inspired by a common patriotism, shall work together
to construct upon this western hemisphere a commonwealth, which, for its
freedom and generosity, its justice and its magnanimity, shall stand an
enduring example to every race and every generation. [Applause.]

In this spirit, and with this faith, we welcome you. Chivalry and hos-
pitality are inherent attributes of Southern temperament, a character which
needs no eulogy from me, and I am confident that I express the sentiment
of those for whom I speak when I pledge you that nothing will be left
undone, nothing will be withheld, which can add to your comfort or may
tend to make your stay a pleasant one. [Applause.]

Ex-President P. O'Mara responded on behalf of the Society.
He formally accepted the courtesies and hospitalities which had
been tendered in such eloquent terms. He said the visitors showed
in their countenances the pleasure with which they had received

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 7

this cordial welcome. The eloquent words of invitation from a
Southern orator which they heard a year ago were still ringing
in their ears: and the promises then made by that gentleman (Mr.
McCloud) had been amply fulfilled. Even the brooks, beautiful
with beds of rhododendrons, azaleas and kalmias, seemed to babble
a welcome — a hospitable Southern welcome. The grand mountain
scenery and the many other visions of natural grandeur which had
been pictured by Mr. McCloud had been realized. ]\Ir. O'Mara
continued :

The representative of Asheville promised us that there were other visions
in store for ns. Speaking not alone on his own behalf, but for another
eloquent son of the South, he told us that angels hovered over these moun-
tains. He did not say whether they were Southern or Northern angels, and
we didn't ask him. We thought that, if necessary, we could send a tracer
out and get some from the North to come down for the occasion. He also
told us that the angels were so hospitable in this part of the country that
they even reached their feet down to be tickled. [Merriment and applause.]

But, leaving levity aside, we wish to say to you, Mr. Barnard, that there
was a more serious motive behind the selection of Asheville as our meeting
place in 1902. The men who attend our conventions are not swayed by
fervid oratory, nor influenced by other than practical considerations. They
said, "We, men of the North, will go to the South and reach out the hand
of fellowship to our Southern brethren; we will cross that imaginary line,
and we will show that, in fact as Avell as in name, we are a National Soci-
etj'." [Applause.]

I say to you, sir, that we are glad to be in this sunny land of the South,
where Flora dwells in every vale and on every mountain top ; we are glad
to come here and see her at her best. We of the North, who are being-
limited and restricted by the Coal Trust, are glad to come here where you
do not suffer from such limitations and restrictions. I speak for myself, and
1 think I voice the sentiment of this Society, when I say we are glad to be
in this land of Sumter and of Marion. We recollect that here was fought
the great fight in the Revolutionary days. We recollect that it was here,
along these hills and further South, that the best blood of the country was
shed that our people might be made free. I fail to see the necessity for
any assurance that the South is as loyal as the North ; but, as you, sir, have
referred to the spirit of sectionalism which formerly existed, I want to
say that when the tocsin of war sounded for the conflict with Spain your
gallant Joe Wheeler was the first to spring to the front, and "the Re'bel
yell" was as fierce and soul-stirring on the hills of Cuba as it was years ago
when he was fighting for what he believed to be the right.

As you have said. sir. occasions such as that of the meeting of this
Society in your midst will do more than anything else to remind us (if
there is any occasion to remind us. and I do not believe there is) that there

8 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

is no North, no South, no East and no West in our countr}'; that wc are
all citizens of the same country, that we all look up to the same flag, and
that we are all determined to live and die together in one common cause.

I join with you, sir, in appreciation of the noble work for which our
Society stands. As you have said, the love of the beautiful, the cultivation
of the aesthetic sense is a token of the highest civilization; and, although
the paragraphists of the comic papers do occasionally allude to us as worm
cutters and picture us as holding a leaky watering can, we know (and I, as
a florist, speaking here before florists, am only stating a patent fact) that
our business depends for its success upon the development of the jesthetic
sense of the men engaged in it — I beg pardon — of the men and women
engaged in it. In this business of ours, unless the aesthetic sense is highly
developed, unless the man or the woman engaged in it has an eye to the
beautiful, he or she cannot be successful. Many a florist has in his green-
house, here and there, a plant that he prizes for its own sake, one in which
he feels a personal interest and in which he takes such delight that he really
dislikes to have a customer come to buy it. Show me a florist who has
nothing of that sentiment in him and I will show you one who is a failure.
1 say the florist should have that enthusiasm, born of a love of the beautiful,
so that he must intuitively know and feel the needs of a plant, for otherwise
he will fail to grow and develop it. I repeat, therefore, that this business
is founded upon sestheticism.

In conclusion, I again assure you that we are heartilj* glad to be with
you, and I hope it will not be long before we will come back here. I hope,
too, that the florists of the sunny South will come to us so that there will
be reciprocity in our visits. We want the florists and gardeners of the South
to stand with us, shoulder to shoulder, that we may help each other. [Long
continued applause.]

THE president's ADDRESS.

President Burton's address, having been forwarded to the Soci-
ety, was here read by Mr. P. O'Mara, who had been delegated by
the Chair for the purpose.

The address was listened to with marked attention and was
heartily applauded. It was as follows :

To the Society of American Florists,

Ladies and Gentlemen — It is customary for the President to address
a few words of greeting to the members on the occasion of the opening of
the Annual Convention, and although I regret being unable to be with you,
I take the opportunity to call your attention to some matters pertinent
to the welfare of the Society.

The year just passed has, I believe, been a very prosperous one for the
great majority of those engaged in commercial floriculture. A large amount

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. ''

of new building has ijeen going on and that notwithstanding the increased
cost of glass and other building materials. This, I believe, shows our busi-
ness to be in a healthy condition and is a state of affairs on which we have
every reason to congratulate ourselves.

The wisdom of the founders of the Society of American Florists in giving
it the widest scope instead of making it a close trade organization has been
often called in question. To manj- it has appeared inconsistent and unnat-
ural to try to combine commercial and amateur gardening under one head.
An amateur florist or gardener is interested only from an aesthetic standpoint
and cares little as to whether gardening as a business be profitable or the
reverse. The commercial florist, on the other hand, is in it for a living, or
to increase his income. How then could any good be accomplished by trying
to combine these two contradictory elements, and why not let the commercial
men confine themselves strictly to the business end of the problem and by
combination safeguard and promote the interests of the trade only?

THE SOCIETY SHOULD REWARD EFFICIENT WORK.

To many of us the latter seemed the best course, and many think so still;
but the die was cast in the beginning for good or ill and what we have to
consider now is the practical results. To all appearance no harm has come
of the liberal provisions as to membership ; on the contrary, the Society
remains practically a trade organization for the preservation and promotion
of commercial floriculture, while welcoming within its ranks the amateur
who desires to aid in the promotion of floriculture for its own sake, and the
two elements seem to have worked together in entire harmony. A realiza-
tion of this fact leads to the thought that perhaps we have not given as
much consideration as to how we might utilize the patron or connoisseur, as
we should have done.

PEONY COMMITTEE SUGGESTED.

The commercial florist and the amateur are both marching towards the
same goal, namely, to make every pan of North America blossom like a rose.
They march towards this goal for radically dififerent reasons, it is true, but so
long as they are going the same way they might as well join forces and get
the benefit of co-operation. A beginning in this direction has already been
made by offering the Society's medal for meritorious new plants exhibited un-
der the auspices of amateur organizations, which move is highly commend-
able and should be so extended as to include cultural skill on any class of
plants, taste and skill in the arrangement and care of flower gardens and
grounds, and for conspicuous service in relation to improving by selection or
otherwise of any class of plants. Recalling the pride with which prominent
men in gardening matters exhibited their Victorian medals while visiting
our country suggests to us that services of a similar nature here might be
suitably regarded in the same way, and serve also to stimulate and encourage
the younger element. When we remember the labors of such men as
Paul, Barr, Baker, Elwes, Burbidge, and Wallace, on the rose family, the

10 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

lily family, the daffodil family, etc., we can readily see a vista opening out
before us in this country where the efforts of the amateur as well as the
commercial florist might be stimulated and encouraged by such a body as ours.
There are many families of plants, as for instance the phlox and the
peony^ that, from various causes, arc not cultivated as much as they deserve,
and which, by concentrating on them the eft'orts of expert committees, might
be made extremely popular over a wide section of the country to the great
delight of the amateur and the great profit of the commercial florist. In
most sections of this country, particularly in the West, the peony thrives
greatly and is a far more satisfactory plant than the rose for outdoor planting.
A vast number of inferior forms of this fine family have been disseminated
and the nonienclature of same is in a state of great confusion. Our society
could do a good work by appointing an expert committee, say, on the
peony as a starter. A collection of all the named sorts now in commerce
could be got together at little expense as most growers would gladly donate
for so laudable a purpose; and the synonyms, the good, the indifferent and the
bad forms could be recorded in an authoritative way. Such a record would
be of untold value, and would prove a great stimulus to the popularity of the
plant. An outgrowth of such a collection might be a peony exhibition at
some central point during the height of the flowering season. The funds for
carrying on the work of such a committee might be secured partly by appro-
priation and partly by donation or subscription. The committee should have
power to add to its number where desirable, and to raise funds for the fur-
therance of the work under the sanction of the executive officers of the society.

GROWING POrULAKITV OF HARDY PLANTS.

The peony is only one of many hartly plants, but it is a representative one
and eminently suitable as a subject to commence with. Too much stress can-
not be laid on the point that a conmiencement should be made, for hardy
plants are rapidly coming to the front and less and less trade is to be ex-
pected in soft-wooded stock for carpet bedding which has for so many years
been the mainstay of a large section of the trade. The question is not whether
we approve of the change ; we have to make the best of it, for the new order
of things is already with us. And in this connection we must observe the
vast advance in the laying out and planting of grounds in recent years.
The quantities of hardy stock required has been immense, and there is every
indication that the demand will be on the increase for a long time to come.
Every commercial florist who does what is termed "a general trade'' and
who has as a rule considerable land, or can readily get same, should study
this phase of the business and secure his share of the trade in hardy plants.
The recent addition to our original title of the words "ornamental horti-
culturist'' has published the broadness of our work.

RIGHT TO TITLE OF GARDENER.

The laying out of grounds or landscape gardening is a most important
section, and we cannot do too much for this branch of gardening. We should

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 11

deprecate the custom which is common among many of our florists and job-
bing gardeners of calling themselves "landscape gardeners." To be able to
look after a greenhouse and plant a flower bed may warrant the title of florist,
but certainly not that of "landscape gardener." We should also set our faces
sternly against the abuse of the word gardener. A person who milks the
cows and mows the lawn is a laborer or man of all work and the looseness
of expression in common use of calling him a gardener is mainly responsible
for bringing an ancient and honorable calling into such disrepute that horti-
culturists, floriculturists, landscape architects, and a host of other titles
have been resorted to which are not nearly as accurate nor appropriate as
the old word. Gardening has been in all ages the inclination of kings and
the choice of philosophers ; and as the Prince de Ligne has it, "is the only
passion that augments with age." Our best efforts should be put forth in
maintaining the old title in its true significance.

CLOSER RELATIONS.

Ten years ago President Dean pointed out that the custom of forming out
of our own membership so many auxiliary societies was likely to become
so pronounced that there would be danger of greatly weakening the parent
bod}'. The Chrysanthemum Society, the Carnation Society, the Rose Society,
and talk of an Orchid Society, a Dahlia Society, a Fern Society and divers
others sufficiently indicated even then the tendency towards disintegration.
Ever since that time efforts have been made to stem this tide and to inculcate
correct principle of procedure in an opposite direction. Various plans have
been put forward, but nothing definite has yet been accomplished excepting
the ripening of sentiment in favor of closer relations with these existing
independent bodies and of managing such matters in future either by com-
mittees or sections. The committee plan seems to be the most simple, flexible
and natural, but an opportunity will be given for a full and free discussion
of the merits of various suggestions, and no doubt the best will be selected.
Several of the brightest minds in the business have been studying the subject
for a long time and will put the concrete results before you at this meeting.

MISSIONARY WORK.

Missionary Work Among the Children. — We should continue to preach
the importance of this in season and out of season. We should keep ever-
lastingly at it, and endeavor by every means in our power to establish ways
and means of interesting the young in gardening. On the continent of Europe
they are in advance of us in this direction, and it is highly desirable that we
should have a full account of the system, so that we may be guided by prac-
tical experience. This subject was agitated by Preside|it Smith at St. Louis
in 1893, and at that same meeting Robert Farquhar read an able paper on
the subject; and it was also advocated then by George C. Watson in his paper,
"How to Increase a Love of Flowers Among the People." The impressions
received in youth are deep and lasting, and the training of the young should

VZ PK()ci-:i:uixgs uf ]:igiitei-:xtii conxention

form a part of every horticultural or floricultural society. Our society ought
tp have a strong standing connnittee to attend to this work.

NOMENCLATURE. ' '■■'■ ■' ' ■

Yetirs ago we had an active vigilance committee on nomenclature. They
did good work for a while, but of late they seem either to have beew asleep
or non-existent. We need these watch-dogs all the time to prevent c^^eJess
or ignorant dealers from taking advantage of us with old things under new
names. A little timely barking from the committee now and again has a
powerful deterrent effect and preserves a healthy moral tone in the trade
en this subject.

CONVENTION CITIES.

We have wandered all over a great part of North America in our annual
gatherings of the past, mostly in the East and the North, as is natural from
the density of our trade in these localities, and sometimes have gone West,
and this year we have come South. This last may not be the largest in
point of attendance, but it has several compensating features; and its influ-
ence both on ourselves and on the South cannot fail but be beneficial.
Whenever we go from home we learn something. Whenever we receive a
visitor we learn something, not so much in the routine business of the society,
perhaps, as in keeping our eyes and ears open. When a boy goes to a shop,
a factory, or a farm, it is not so much by being told about every little thing
that he gets a grip of the business, but by keeping a bright lookout and
absorbing as he goes along. If he cannot "catch on" in this way no amount
of telling will ever do him any good. To many of us the annual convention
is our only chance of seeing distant places, and for that reason it seems
a wise thing to select a new locality each year. But we ought to make some
provision in the near future for the time when no invitation shall come to us
from a desirable locality. In other organizations similar to ours the matter
is left in the hands of (he e.xecutive committee, and perhaps that would be
the best plan to adopt. That method would certainly give ample opportunity
for mature consideration. Of course, under this method all obligations, im-
plied or suggested, as to local entertainments would be waived, and the
place selected would be entirely absolved from any burden in that direction.

E.XECUTIVE COMMITTEE WORK.

A number of matters of importance received the careful consideration of
the executive committee at its annual meeting in March last, and the action
taken then will appear in the reports of the executive officers. One. thing
that gave the committee cause for much anxious thought and discussion was
the lack of a local tlorists' club to take charge of the exhibition at Ashcville.
After looking over tfie ground carefully from all sides and canvassing
the merits of various plans and suggestions, it was finally decided to put
the exhibition in charge of the secretary, giving him power to get sjch
local assistance as would be necessary. Looking back with the light of experi-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. : . • •, IS

eiice of the past few months, the wisdom of this, action .has, been amply
demonstrated. • ;■ ■■■:i • ■,.

Another thing that gave the committee some trouble ;was the,,. society's
medal for the best plant or flower. The committee have been criticized for
the way the medal is ofifered. The burden of much of this criticism is the
assumed impossibility of judging a plant and a flower in the same class.
Such an assumption is largely imaginary, and not only that, but if.^ separate
class is made you will at once hear a cry that a chrysantheinum should not
be judged in the same class as a carnation, and so on without liini't".' Looked
at in the proper light, the action of the committee is. really, the, only method
possible under the circumstances. The number of societies having the .privi-
lege of offering the medal has been increased, and there is every reason to
believe that much good will result, as the medal is looked upon- as a. most
unique and valuable distinction from a general floricultural staudpoint.

The subject of bulb culture in our Southern States received the best
thought of your executive, and an invitation was extended to' all growers ot
bulbs in the South to submit samples at this convention for testing under the
auspices of the society. It is hoped that much good niciy resuft frorri this
and an impetus be given to a new industry in our country,- it being felt that
we have the soil and climate for growing such stock, and with encourage-
ment from the society it would soon be unnecessary to send abroad for sup-
plies of that nature.

LIFE MEMBERSHIP.

It is noted with satisfaction that there has been a considerable increase
in the list of life members. There is nothing that can add to the stability
of the Society better than a large life membership, and it is sincerely hoped
that many more will avail themselves of the privilege.

EXHIBITIONS.

When we reflect that our society was formed to encourage floriculture and
that an exhibition of flowers is one of the most potent methods of. spreading
a love of flowers among the people, we must admit that it is our duty to
encourage exhibition by every means in our power. We who make our living
by commercial floriculture should never lose sight of the fact, the more people
who take an interest in flowers and plants there are, the better will be the
florist's business in general. Too many of us are apt to be indifferent and oven
hostile sometimes to exhibitions because, as we say. "they don't pay." Tliat
is, we are short-sighted enough to consider the box-office to be the only
criterion. That attitude is a very great mistake. We ought to take a brorider
view, and consider the general effect on the public and its reaction from
them to our business in course of time, if we keep persistently at it. We
should be emphatic in our approval of the flower show at all times.

It now becomes my duty to perform the saddest part, namely, the record-
ing of the deaths of seven of our members during the year just passed. Most
of them j'ou were familiar with, they having been active in the society almost

14 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

since its institution, and one of them, indeed, was elected to the highest honor
in your gift. Their wise counsels and genial personalities will be sadly
missed, and it will be a long time before we can adequately fill their places
in the future.

THE JUDGES FOR THE TRADE EXHIBITION.

The President pro tem. announced, as the next business, the
naming of the Judges for the Trade Exhibition.

The names of the appointees were read by Secretary Stewart,
as follows :

Class A — Plants. Harry Papworth, William Scott, L. Ullrich.

Class B — Cut Flowers. Louis J. Reuter, George Wittbold, C. E. Critchell.

Class C — Boilers and Heating Apparatus. H. A. Hart, James Harts-
home, George M. Kellogg.

Class D — Greenhouse Appliances and Flower-Pots. James S. Wilson,
James Taylor, C. H. Hune.

Class E — Florists' Supplies. E. J. Bush, John Westcott, William M. .
Lindsay.

Class F — Bulbs and Seeds. William F. Gude. John T. Temple, J.
Schulz.

Class G — Miscellaneous. The chairmen of the foregoing committees.

REPORT OF the SECRETARY.

Wm. J. Stewart, of Boston, responding to the call of the Chair,
presented and read his Annual Report, which was received with
applause.

The Report was as follows :

Mr. President and Members — One year ago the Society of American
Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists met at Buffalo, N. Y., amid the ex-
citements attending a great exposition; to-day we hold our eighteenth annual
convention in this peaceful mountain city of the South.

Almost a thousand miles removed from the scenes of our recent acfivi-
ties, our banner floats in unfamiliar territory and we appeal to a new con-
stituency. True, the steadfast friends who have stood in our ranks, unfalter-
ingly loyal, in the days of prosperity and adversity alike, are here in goodly
numbers, and we know that many others, unavoidably absent, are think-
ing of us, reviewing with the mind's eye the events that are here transpir-
ing, and hearts warm with good wishes for the society they love; but many
new faces greet us here to-day as we present our plea and invite our brothers
of the South to join with us in a united effort to open up new channels of

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 15

industry that will bring in the coming years prestige and material advance-
■lent to American horticulture.

To meet in a place so remote from the scenes of our earlier labors, and
yet retain without serious interruption the adherence of the rank and tile of
our membership, would not have been believed possible a few years ago, in the
days when the location and accessibility of the annual convention were the
gauge of our fluctuating membership roll. A steady trend towards a more
permanent membership, the desirability of which has been frequently referred
to by your secretary, now seems happily inaugurated, and, as indicating a
faith in the society's usefulness and approval of its methods by our conserva-
tive business and scientific men, is one of the most hopeful signs in our
career at ihe present time.

The total number of members in good standing as recorded in the annual
report was 931, 50 being life members and 881 annual members. We have
lost 7 cf these b> death since the last meeting, and 144 members have either
resigned or forfeited their membership by non-payment of dues for the
year 1902.

The list of deaths is as follows :

A. Whitcomb, August 24, 1901.
Edmund M. Weed, December 12, 1901.
Charles Connon, January 25, 1902.
Thomas J. Winters, January 31, 1902.
James Comley, February i; 1902.
Conrad Eichholz, March 23, 1902.
W. G. Bertermann, June 29, 1902.

Cue huridred and ninety-two new members were added, of Vv'hom 6 are
life members ; and 12 annual members have changed to life membership by
payment of the requisite fee. The new members are severally credited to the
various States as follows : Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, New Hamp-
shire, Oregon, Virginia, Hawaiian Islands and Australia, one each ; North
Carolina, Rhode Island and Canada, two each ; Colorado, Connecticut, Indi-
c-na and Kentucky, three each; Wisconsin, four; District of Columbia, five;
Missouri, seven; New Jersey, eight; Maryland and Michigan, nine each;
Illinois, fourteen; Ohio, seventeen; Massachusetts, twenty-two; Pennsyl-
vania, twenty-six ; New York, forty-two.

It is unnecessary here to refer at any length to the proceedings of the con-
vention at Buffalo, as this is fully recorded in the annual printed report. It
was in every respect a creditable and successful meeting and the sessions
were generally well attended, notwithstanding the attractions of the Pan-
American Exposition. The principal enactments of the society were the ac-
ceptance of the national charter, the transfer of the assets to the new cor-
poration and the adoption of a new constitution practically as reported by the
incorporators, with the exception of the clause in reference to co-operative
relations with other organizations. This matter is again before us for con-

16 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

sideration at this convention. It is to be hoped that every member here will
make it his duty to be present and assist in settling wisely this important
question so that not alone individual, sectional or corporate benefit may ac-
crue, but that the advancement of American ornamental horticulture in
its broadest sense may be hastened.

Besides a full account of the proceedings, the printed report contains
valuable contributions on the Red Spider by Professor F. H. Chittenden, and
Thrips in Greenhouses by Professor W. E. Hinds ; reports of local progress
from the various State vice-presidents, reports of exhibition committees, list
of plants registered, list of plant introductions in America in 1901, State laws
and regulations of foreign governments regarding inspection and transporta-
tion of plants; special express rates on plants, bulbs and seeds; report of
superintendent of sports; the charter and constitution of the society; list of
members and accounts of Summer meetings of auxiliary societies. The num-
ber of plant introductions for the year included 8 cannas, 25 carnations, 32
chrysanthemums, 11 roses and 40 miscellaneous. The wide-spread demand
for copies of the volume is the best indication of its value as a book of
reference.

The following-named new plants have been registered by members during
the year :

August 13, 1901 — Rose Climbing Clothilde Soupert, by P. J. Berckmans Co.

August 21, 1901 — Rose Freedom, by Arthur Griffin.

August 22, 1901 — Cattlej'a Harrisonise superbissima, Cattleya speciosis-
sima lilacina, and Cattleya speciosissima striata marginata, by Lager & Hurrell.

August 26, 1901 — Cattleya Gaskelliana ]Mrs. Hugh J. Grant, by Lager
& Hurrell.

August 30, igoi^Rose Philadelphia and Canna Mont Blanc, by Conard
& Jones Co.

August 3r, 1901 — Rose Queen Victoria, by Good & Reese Co.

September 27, 1901 — Rose INIrs. Theodore Roosevelt and Rose Mark
Twain, by Peter Henderson & Co.

October 10, 1901 — Carnation Dr. W. Seward Webb, by J. B. Trudo.

October 14, 1901 — Rose Lady Gay, by M. H. Walsh.

November 4, 1901 — Canna President Roosevelt, by C. W. W^ard.

November 15, 1901 — Rose Dorothy Perkins, by Jackson & Perkins Co.

November 16, 1901 — Rose Nestor, Rose Young America and Rose Atlas,
by Schmidt & Botley.

December 7, 1901 — Cannas Duke of York, Duchess of York, Eastern
Beauty, Evolution, Brandywine, Striped Beauty, Niagara, Queen of Holland
and Cherokee, by Conard & Jones Co.

December 20, 1901 — Sweet Pea Christmas Comtes and Sweet Pea Christ-
mas Captain, by A. C. Zvolanek.

January 14, 1902 — Rose Miss Alice Roosevelt, by American Rose Co.

February 25, 1902 — Zonal geraniums J. D. Eisele, Jas. Davidson, Jupiter
and Venus, by Henry Eichholz.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 17

March 3, 1902 — Carnation Seth Low, by E. G. Hill Co.

March 8, 1902 — Carnation White Layde, by A. L. Thorne.

May 10, 1902 — Rose The Farquhar, by R. & J. Farquhar & Co.

May 14, 1902 — Zonal Geranium Harriet Cleary, by J. M. Horsburgh.

May 15, 1902 — Rose Queen Madge, by C. S. Fitz Simmons.

July 2, 1902 — Dahlia Uncle Sam, Dahlia Alex. Wallace and Dahlia Mrs.
E. T. Royle, by H. Beaulieu.

July 26, 1902 — Dahlia Wm. Scott, by H. Beaulieu.

July 28, igo2 — Cattleya Hardyana Mrs. Geo. Schlegel, by Lager & Hurrell.

July 31, 1902, Rose Wedding Bells, Rose Princess and Rose Urania, by
M. H. Walsh.

August I, 1902— Carnation Miss Aimee, by J. B. Trudo.

August 2, 1902 — Hydrangea Hortensia superba, by M. H. Walsh.

Medals have been awarded as follows during the year: Through the
American Carnation Society, a silver medal to R. Witterstsetter, for carna-
tion Adonis; a bronze medal to R. Witterstaetter, for carnation Albatros.

Through the Horticultural Society of Chicago, a silver medal to The
Chicago Carnation Company, for carnation Harlowarden ; a bronze medal
to Nathan Smith & Son for set of Pompon chrysanthemums.

Through the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, a silver medal to John
N. May, for rose Mrs. Oliver Ames; a bronze medal to Edwin Lonsdale, for
Cypripedium Wyndmooreanuni.

Through the New York Florists' Club, a silver medal to J. N. May, for
rose Mrs. Oliver Ames.

Through the New Jersey Floricultural Society, a silver medal to John
N. May, for rose 3ilrs. Oliver Ames.

Through the State Florists' Association of Indiana, a silver medal to
H. W. Rieman, for chrysanthemum ^Majestic; a bronze medal to John
Hartje, for carnation Snowdrift.

Through the Newport Horticultural Society, a bronze medal, for Cypripe-
dium Gardnerianum (insigne X barbatum).

The executive board convened at Asheville on March 4, 5, and 6, 1902, all
the members except three being present. Matters considered, in addition to
the general program and arrangements for this convention, were the identity
•of the rose Helen Gould with the old Balduin, the auditing of the treasurer's
report, proposed legislation in Congress regarding the inspection and fumiga-
tion of nursery stock, the method of awarding the society's medals through
■other organizations, the testing of American-grown bulbs for forcing pur-
poses, the proposed plant breeding conference at New York City and the ques-
tion of closer relations with kindred societies. Owing to the fact that there
is no florists' organization in Asheville to whom the work of arranging for
the trade exhibition could be delegated, as has been customary in recent years,
this duty was intrusted to the secretary, with instructions that the maxi-
mum charge for exhibition space should be 20 cents per square foot instead
of 25 cents, as heretofore. It was decided to recommend to the society the re-
■establishment of the nomenclature committee.

18 I'KOCliEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONNENTION

The program for the meeting as outlined by the executive board and pub-
hshed in the preUniinary bulletin has undergone some alterations necessi-
tated by the recent sad bereavement sustained by our president and the
inability of one of our speakers, JMr. Carmody, to be present and fill his
assignment on the program. At the last moment, we are apprised of the
sudden illness of another of our essayists, Mr. Edgar Sanders, but fortunately
Mr. Sanders had prepared his paper before he was stricken down and it will
be presented in due time.

The various committees and, as a rule, the State vice-presidents have
done earnest, thorough work for the society and have been at all times ready
and willing to respond to any call made upon them from the secretary's
office. To them and to the members generally your secretary is indebted
for considerate co-operation and friendly counsel in the many emergencies
and perplexities that have arisen during the year. Never before has the
interest in the society seemed so widespread and earnest among its members,
and this fact augurs well for the future of the old yet ever young. S. A. F.

REPORT OF THE TREASURER.

H. B. Beatty, of Oil City, Pa., in response to the call of the
Chair, presented his Annual Report, and read its leading fcattires.
To economize time he refrained from reading the Report in detail.
It was received with applause.

The ftill text of the Report is as follows :

1901.
Jan. I. lialance as per statement rendered $1,756.02

RECEIPTS.

Feb. I. Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec"y. Book 35i-4(X), dues

1901 147.00

Recei\ecl from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 401-450, dues

1901 147.00

Mar. 25. Received from American Rose Co., advertisement, 1899.... 15.00

Received from Lord & Burnham Co., advertisement, 1900. . 25.00

Received from Hitchings & Co., advertisement, 1900 25.00

May 25. Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 1-50, dues 1901.. 150.00

July 28. Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 51-ioo.dues 1901. 150.00

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 101-150, dues 1901 147.00

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 101-150. dues 1902 3.00

July 31. Received interest on balance to June 25 16.62

Received from W. J. Stewart. Sec'y, Book 451-500. initia-
tions 245.00

Received from W. J. Stewart. Sec'y. Book 151-200. dues

1901 13500

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 19

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 151-200, dues

1902 12.00

Aug. 17. Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'yi Book 201-250, dues

1901 138.00

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y. Book 201-250, dues

1902 9.00

Aug. 19. Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 201-250, dues

1900 117.00

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 201-250, dues

1901 9.00

Sept. 3. Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 551-600, initia-
tions 245.00

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 351-400, dues

1900 9.00

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 351-400, dues

1901 135-00

Sept. 7. Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 301-350, dues

1900 6.00

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 301-350, dues

1901 ^ 138.00

Dec. 31. Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 601-650, initia-
tions 235.00'-

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 601-650, dues

1901 6.00

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 251-300, dues

1900 3-00

Received from W. J. Stewart, Sec'y, Book 251-300, dues

1901 129.00

Received from W. J. Stewart, 'Sec'y, Book 251-300, dues

1902 12.00

Received from Lord & Burnham, advertisement, 1901 25.00

Received from Hitchings & Co., advertisement, 1901 25.00

Received interest on balance to Dec. 25 24.29

Total $4,238.93

Receipts for 1901, $2,482.91.

PAYMENTS.

1901. Voucher No.

Feb. 28. Derrick Publishing Co 180 $3.50

Mar. 23. Alex. Wallace 181 19.00

C. W. Ward 182 25.00

Patrick O'Mara 183 19.00

J. F. Sullivan 184 18.00

Emil Buettner 185 33.00

20 rK()( i:i-:i)i.\<;.s oi- iiiciii i-:i-:.\iii C(.>x\ extion

. R. Witterstaeller l86 29.50

A. B. Cartledge 187 21.OO

Wm. J. Stewart , 188 25.00

, Edmund M. Wood 189 25.00

H. B. Beatty ..190 14.80

Wm. J. Stewart 191 26.92

Mar. 27. J. D. Carmody 192 4190

July 25. N. Stafford Co 193 60.00

July 28. Wm. J. Stewart 194 21^.77

July 30. Wm. J. Stewart 195 375-00

Sept. 7. A. T. De La :Mare P. & P. Co 196 34.80

Dec. 28. Derrick Publishing Co 197 8.00

A. T. De La Mare P. & P. Co 198 353.40

, Wm. J. Stewart 199 375-00

Dec. 31. Wm. J. Stewart 200 365.32

. Life JMembership Fund 201 40.91

, Total dislnirsemcnts $2,127.82

Cash on hand 2.11T.11

Total $4,238.93

SUMMARY.

Received from dues for 3'ear 1900 $135.00

Received from dues for year 1901 1,431.00

Received from dues for year 1902 36.00

Received from initiations 725.00

$2,327.00

Received for advertising in Proceedings of Annual Convention 115.00

Received interest on general fund balance 40.91

Total receipts. 1901 $2482.91

Cash on hand January i. 190 r 1,756.02

Total $4,238.93

CREDIT SUMM.\RV.

Secretary's salary $750.00

.Assistants to Secretary at Annual Meeting 44-8o

.Executive Committee Meeting 271.20

Copying Proceedings of Executive Committee Meeting 5.00

Stenographer's Report of Annual Convention 81.00

Printing Proceedings of Annual Convention 324.80

.^Miscellaneous Printing 103-55

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. '21

Secretary's Office Expenses :

Postage '., , $162.15, ,

Stationery .....; 44.60. ■

Typewriting and Engrossing . 24.25

Express ..-....,....., 10.72

Telegrams , ,,.,.,., 7,33

, . Assistant in Office , 18,00

Railroad Fare to Buffalo 18.55 285.60

Annual Badges • • • • • 60.OG

Miscellaneous Expenses:

Ladies' Badges $14.80

Medals 42.00

Check Collections 7.68

Report of Meeting of Incorporators 20.00

Engrossing W. R. Smith Resolution 30.00

Engrossing Wm. Scott Resolution 12.00

Electros, etc ..............,;,......'....;..... 3.83

Trunk Line Agent 29.00 1 59-31

Fire Insurance 1.G5

Life Meml)ership Fund, interest for 1901 40.9[

. Total disbursements $2,127.82

Balance on hand 2,11 r. 11

Total $4,238.95

LIFE MEMBERSHIP FUND.
I9OI.

Jan. I. Amount on hand $954.45

Received from No. 34, J. J. Harris $25.00

Received from No. 35, Patrick O'Mara 25.00

Received from No. 36, A. "SI. Murdoch 25.00

Received from No. ^j. H. Thiemann 25.00

Received from No. 38, E. J. Welch 25.00

Received from No. 39, Peter Bisset 30.00

Received from No. 40, W. F. Ka sting 25.00

Received from No. 41. J. K. >[. L. Farquhar 30.00

Received from No. 42, Jas. F. I\L Farquhar 30.00

Received from No. 43, R. Witterstaetter 25.00

Received from No. 44, J. D. Imlay 25.00

Received from No. 45, J. L. Dillon 25.00

Received from No. 46, Joseph Fuller 25.00

Received from No. 47, Jas. Hartshorne 25.00

Received from No. 48, Fred Burki 25.00

'i'i PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

Received from No. 49, H. A. Cook 25.00

Received from No. 50, F. H. Haughton 30.00

Received from E. M. Wood, donation 25.00

Received from H. B. Beatty, donation 14.80

Received from C W. Ward, donation 4555

Received interest on Life Mem. Fund, 1901 48.97

Received interest on General Fimd, 1901 40.91 620.23

Dec. 31. Amount on hand $1,574.68

Examined, approved and found correct ; also cash balances compared vi'ith
banks balances and found to agree.

A. B. Cartledge,
J. W. C. Deake,
RoRT. Halliday.
• March 5, 1902. Auditors.

On motion of Mr. P. O'Mara, the Reports of the Secretary and
Treasurer were received, and ordered to be filed.

REPORTS OF STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS.

The next order of business being the Reports of State Vice-
Presidents, the Secretary said:

Mr. Chairman — I have here copies of the Reports of State Vice-Presi-
dents from Missouri, Northern Ohio, Nebraska, North Carolina, New Jersey,
Connecticut, District of Columbia, Rhode Island, West Virginia, Florida,
loAva, Kentucky, Maryland, Indiana, New Hampshire, Western Pennsylvania,
Wisconsin, Canada, New York, east. New York, west. There may be other
vice-presidents who are here who have not sent in their reports, but will de-
liver them personally.

]\Ir. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo:

Mr. Chairman — As these reports are lengthy and as the time for recess is
approaching,, it is evident that if the reading of them is begun the audience
will begin to dwindle away. I therefore move that the reading be dispensed
with and it be ordered that the reports be spread upon the minutes and printed
in the Annual Report of the Society.

Mr. Scott's motion was carried without objection.

the LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE.

The President pro tem. called for reports from committees.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 28

Secretary Stewart : We have a brief report on behalf of the
Legislative Committee, from Mr. John N. May, the Chairman. It
is as follows :

Summit, New Jersey, August, i6, 1902.
W. J. Stewart, Secretary Society of American Florists, Asheville, N. C.

Dear Mr. Stewart : Replying to your favor as to a report of the
Legislative Committee, would say that this Committee have not anything to
report for the past year, not having received anything in which they had to
take any action whatever.

There is undoubtedly still plenty of room for improvement in the matter
of the introduction of plants, especially from European countries. There is
a great deal of unnecessary delay in the Custom House, particularly in New
York City; so far your Committee have not been able to get this remedied,
although there has been a great deal of work put into the matter to induce
the Custom House authorities to give goods like perishable plants early at-
tention, but without any perceptible improvement in the management.

It is to be hoped that in the near future something can be done that will
facilitate the getting of all perishal)le goods through the Custom House at a
very much quicker rate than it can l)e done at the present time.

Yours very truly,

John N. Ma v.

On motion of Mr. E. G. Hill, of Richmond, Inch, the Report
was received and filed.

the committee on fertilizers.

The President pro tem. called for a report from the Committee
on Fertilizers.

Mr. F. R. PiERSoN, of Tarrytown, N. Y., explained that the
Chairman of the Committee (Mr. C. W. Ward), who had prepared
a report, was not at this time in the hall, but would doubtless pre-
sent his Report at the first opportunity.

MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS.

The President pro tem. announced the appointment of the fol-
lowing as a cotnmittee to consider recommendations in President
Burton's address, viz.: Messrs. C. W. Ward, E. G. Hill, and
Adam Graham.

The Secretary announced the receipt of a communication, which

he read, as follows :

San Francisco. August 12. 1902.
The Pacific Florist, on behalf of numerous readers and representative
California horticulturists, sends fraternal greeting of kindred colleagues and

24 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

co-workers of the Pacific slope, united with best wishes for a pleasant re-
union and successful conference at Asheville on August igth inst.

H. H. LiLIENTHAL.

The President pro tern, stated that he liad Ix-en requested by
Mr. C. D. Beadle^ in charge of the landscape department and nur-
series at the Biltmore Estate, to extend an invitation to the members
of the Society to visit the nurseries at any time. He suggested that
this would give those who were interested in the botany of North
Carolina, or of the Appalachian Range, an opportunity to spend a
few hours profitably.

RELIEF FROM THE COAL STRIKE.

The Secretary announced that a numerously signed paper had
been handed up, with the request that it be read. He then read the
paper. It was as follows :

We suggest to the S. A. F. in convention assembled to pass resolutions
and have a petition drawn and sent at once to President Roosevelt, urging
His Excellency to immediately convene Congress in extra session for the
purpose either of settling the strike of the coal miners forthwith or letting
bituminous coal come in, duty free, from October i to jMarch 31, so that our
trade may not sufifer for want of coal.

If speedy action is not taken we are afraid that many florists will be
ruined in business either by an exorbitant price charged for coal now or by
the supply becoming so short that they cannot obtain coal at any price.

We deem it to be a duty to ourselves to forestall a calamity of this kind,
and we hope that our suggestion will receive earnest consideration.

F. R. PiERSON, Wm. H. Siebrecht, E. Schloss,

John G. Esler, C. W. Ward, H. G. York,

C. H. Allen, J. Roehrs, Jr., Geo. Lorenz,

R. W. Clucas, David Burgevin, Henry Eicke,

J. R. FOTHERINGHAM, PATRICK O'MARA, ViCTOR S. DoRVAL,

A. T. Boddington, A. Dallas, Wm. C. Krick,

Benj. Hammond, Theo. J. Lang, Wm. Nilsson,

H. A. SiEBRECHT, F. H. Traendly, Henry Eichholz.
A. D. Carpenter,

The reading of the paper was received with applause.

The Secretary stated that he had read all the communications
in his hands excepting some invitations to the Society to hold its
Convention, in 1903, in various cities. He presumed that it would
be better to defer the presentation of these until the following day,
when the selection of the meeting place would be in order.

:Mr. James M. Lamb, of Fayetteville, N. C. : Mr. Chairman, the coal
strike is not a matter that affects me directely, but I am in sympathy with

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 25

brethren elsewhere, and I beheve that some action should be taken in accord-
ance with the recommendations of the paper just read. I make a motion to
that effect.

Mr. H. A. SiEBRECHT, of New Rochelle, N. Y. : I move, as an amendment,
that the Chairman be requested to appoint a committee in whose hands the
matter shall be placed, with instructions to consult with the Executive Com-
mittee of this Society, and then to take such action as in their wasdom may
seem proper in the premises.

Mr. Wm. Scott seconded Mr. Siebrecht's amendment.

Mr. Lamb accepted the amendment as a modification of his own
motion.

A vote being taken, the motion, as modified, was adopted without
objection.

Mr. Siebrecht, in reply to the Chair, suggested that the num-
ber of the committee should be determined by the Chair.

The President pro tem. subsequently appointed the following
as the committee : Messrs. Wm. Scott, C. W. Ward, W. K. Harris,
F. R. PiERSON, and S. J. Reuter.

messages of condolence and sympathy.

Mr. p. O'Mara : Mr. Chairman, during the past year the Society lost by
death one of its ex-Presidents. Mr. Edmund M. Wood, and it is called upon at
the present time to share with our President in mourning the loss to him of a
dearly beloved son. I deem it eminently proper that we should take cognizance
of these facts. I therefore move the appointment of a committe of three to
draft resolutions of sympathy with the family of our late President Wood.
and forward the same to them ; also to draft resolutions of condolence with
President Burton and his family upon the affliction that has befallen them,
and to forward the same to them.

Mr. James M. Lamb seconded the motion.

The motion was carried in respectftil silence.

The President pro tem. constituted the committee as follows;
Messrs. P. O'Mara, F. R. Mathison and Geo. C. Watson.

Mr. G. L. Grant, of Chicago : Mr. Chairman, in connection with the
action just taken, permit me to say that a gentleman who had been selected
as one of the essayists of this Convention, and who had already written his

26 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

paper, is now lying very ill — Mr. Edgar Sanders, the Dean of the Florists of
the city of Chicago, a gentleman whom we all honor very highly. We sin-
cerely trust that his sickness may not be fatal, although recovery in the case
of a man of his advanced years is naturally not very rapid. It seems to me
that a telegram of condolence to Mr. Sanders from this Society would be
received by him with a great deal of gratitude and appreciation. I merely
ofifer the suggestion.

^Ir. \Vm. R. Smith: Mr. Chairman, I rise to second that motion most
cheerfully. I know with what delight I received a telegram from this Society
in regard to my health, on the occasion of my illness several years ago. I am
glad of my opportunity to second the motion, and I do it with much pleasure.

A vote being taken, the motion of Air. Grant was adopted with-
out dissent.

The President pro tern, constituted as the committee, Messrs.
G. L. Grant, Wm. R. Smith and Wm. Scott.

ADJOURNMENT.

The Secretary, by request of the Chairman, called attention to
the fact that the President's Reception, which had been appointed
as the entertainment for this evening, would not take place. He
said that the members of the Society and their friends were expected
ro visit the Convention Hall during the evening, inspect the ex-
hibits, become better acquainted with each other, and have a pleas-
ant, informal time among themselves. The exhibitors, who had
come long distances, and had brought exceedingly creditable exhib-
its, were entitled to the encouragement they would receive by the
members attending the exhibition in goodly numbers.

The business of the session having been disposed of. on motion
of Mr. E. G. Hiix, an adjournment was ordered until the follow-
ing day.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 27

SECOND DAY— MORNING.

Wednesday, August 20, 1902.

The Convention met at 10.25 o'clock A. M., and was called to
order by President pro tern. Deake.

FERTILIZERS.

The first business being the deferred report from the Committee
on Fertilizers,

Mr. C. W. Ward, of Queens, N, Y. (Chairman of the Committee),
appeared upon the platform, and said :

Mr. President and Gentlemen — The work that has been done by the
Committee on Fertihzers belongs to that class of work which can be con-
tinued indefinitely and which may be said to be never finished. This com-
mittee was constituted five or six years ago, and until perhaps two years ago
no report was ever made by it. The gentlemen who served upon the com-
mittee worked a little way into the study of the subject and found it so com-
plicated and difficult of solution that they discontinued their experiments.

The committee labored at considerable disadvantage in being widely
separated. A work of this kind should be carried on either by persons closely
associated or by one person connected with some experiment station. In this
committee the work resolved itself down to a matter of experiments, which
were carried on by myself at my own establishment. Those experiments have
been repeatedly interfered with and stopped by occurrences that were entirely
beyond my control, so that they are incomplete. Consequently, that which
I give you here to-day is a result of a series of disjointed attempts at using
chemical fertilizers, but the results attained by those experiments have been
sufficiently successful, so that at the present time we are using these fertilizers
continuously.

At the last Annual Meeting a sort of a report was made and a verba!
statement given, and I will now begin the few notes I have prepared by a
reference to what was said then.

(Mr. Ward here read from notes as follows:)

The experiments referred to at the last annual meeting of this Society
have been, in a measure, continued, although I have been interfered with by
frequent absence from home ; consequently am not able to give definite data
or calculations as to results obtained. I have, however, continued the feeding
of various plants with chemical fertilizers, and have come to the conclusion
that such may be profitably used by those having proper knowledge and ex-
perience. When we consider that fertility of soil is practically measured
by the available, or soluble, plant food elements which it contains, it will be

28 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

readily seen that fertility may be preserved by introducing into the soil these
plant food elements in the same proportion as they are being exhausted by
the growing plants.

It has been found that the productiveness of soils is largely influenced by
their physical character. This has proven particularly true in the experimental
work of using chemical plant foods, and it has been found that in order to get
the best results with the use of chemical fertilizers it is necessary to employ
soils containing considerable vegetable fiber. Soils in which this element is
lacking easily become compacted, hardened, and impervious to heat, water
and air, and to a considerable extent soured, and when in this condition
plants do not make a healthy, strong growth in them.

Last year at Buffalo, I mentioned a work upon fertilizers by Edward B.
Voorhees, which may be obtained from the ]\Iacmillan Company, of New
York ; also another work, entitled "Fertility of the Land," by Roberts, pub-
lished by the .same firm. These two books I would recommend to anyone
interested in floriculture, as being well worthy of careful study.

The principal elements necessary for plant growth are stated as nitrogen,
phosphoric acid, potash and lime. Nitrogen is probably the most essential
of these elements. It is the easiest lost and the most costly to replace. It is
removed not only by the crop, but it is also lost by drainage and evaporation,
especially in cases where certain classes of crops are grown upon lands that
are especially rich in nitrogen.

The principal sources of nitrogen are natural manures, such as horse,
sheep, cow and bird manures. The growing and plowing of nitrogenous
gathering crops, such as various clovers, cow peas and soy beans, will also
add to the nitrogen of the soil. The chemical sources of nitrogen are nitrate
of soda, sulphate of ammonia, nitrate of potash, ground dried blood, as well
as the refuse from slaughter houses known as "tankage."

Inasmuch as nitrogen is easily lost by evaporation and drainage, it will
be readily seen that nitrogen should not be introduced into the soil much in
excess of what the plants require, nor much faster than it is needed for im-
mediate use.

The next most essential element of plant growth is stated as phosphoric
acid, which most soils contain in considerable quantity. It may be advan-
tageously applied in connection with potash and nitrogen. The principal
sources from which phosphoric acid are derived are raw^ ground bone, steamed
or boiled bone, or the refuse bone from glue factories ; also bone black or
animal charcoal. The most common source of acid phosphate is that which is
generally sold as superphosphate or dissolved Carolina or Florida rock.
Phosphoric acid is peculiar in this respect, that large quantities of it may be
introduced into the soil where it will combine and remain until required by
the plants. An excess of phosphoric acid does not seem to injure plants.

The third most important plant constituent is potash, but this is consid-
ered as of less relative importance to plant growth than cither phosphoric acid
or nitrogen. In America most good soils are naturally very rich in phos-
phoric acid and potash and in many instance'^ the addition of the nitrogen
alone, or the plowing under of nitrogenous gathering crops, will revive the
fertility of the land for a considerable period. Potash is, however, considered
a necessarj' fertilizer constituent by the authorities, and essential upon light,
sandy soils or peaty meadow lands. It is considered valuable for the building
up of worn-out soils and is thought to contribute to the growth of nitrogenous
gathering plants.

The various sources of potash are sulphate of potash, muriate of potash,
nitrate of potash, kainit, and wood ashes.

In the growth of greenhouse plants under glass the most convenient form

in which chemical fertilizers can be employed is by watering the growing

■ plants with solutions which are termed liquid fertilizers. While many

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. S9

formiilre have been from time to time given out by different authorities,
there does not seem to be any fixed formula which would be applicable under
all conditions. The following formulae have been used by me with success,
but I would not be able at the present time to state which will give the best
results, all conditions considered. So far as my practice has gone, I have
found it safe to use all of them in soils that are not deficient in fibrous material.
In making up these formulae the materials are thoroughly pulverized and
mixed together. The solution is made by generally dissolving the chemicals,
after mixture, in water in the proportion of about one ounce to one gallon of
water. Plants are watered about once to twice each week, or once in two
weeks, according to the strength of the solution and the vigor which the
plant shows.

Formula A.

250 pounds of superphosphate,
75 pounds of nitrate of soda,
50 pounds of sulphate of potash.
Use one ounce to one gallon of water.

Formula B.

50 pounds of nitrate of soda.
30 pounds of nitrate of potash,
20 pounds of nitrate of ammonia.
Use one ounce to 12 gallons of water and supply twice each week.

Formula C.

250 pounds of superphosphate,
30 pounds of nitrate of potash,
20 pounds of phosphate of ammonia,
50 pounds of nitrate of soda.
Use one ounce to 12 gallons of water when applied weekly, or one ounce
to two gallons of water when applied every two weeks.

Formula D.

250 pounds of superphosphate,
100 pounds of ground dried blood,
50 pounds of phosphate of potash.
Applied every two weeks at the rate of one ounce to one gallon of water.

Formula E.

300 pounds of bone black.
50 pounds of sulphate of potash,
75 pounds of nitrate of soda.
Use the same as Formula D.

The following formula has been used with considerable success for the
purpose of reviving exhausted soils :

500 pounds of superphosphate.

75 pounds of sulphate of potash.
300 pounds of ground sheep manure.

This is sown in drills before planting at the rate of 300 to 500 pounds
per acre, according to the character of soil. It is thoroughly stirred in and
incorporated with the soil before setting the young plants in. It also may be
sewn broadcast upon the land and harrowed in at the rate of one to two
thousand pounds per acre, according as the soil is exhausted.

30 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

Air. Wm. Stewart, of the Indiana Agricultural Experiment Station, has
recommended the following general, formula for use in rose growing :

Superphosphate, 130 pounds ;
■Sulphate of ammonia, 13 pounds ;
Nitrate of soda, 31 pounds;
Sulphate of potash. 2(i pounds.

Use at the rate of one ounce to one gallon of water and apply once each
week at the rate of two quarts per square yard of bench surface. This is done
until the plants have taken on a heavy growth, at which time the quantity
and the time of application are regulated according to the needs of the plant.

It may be stated as a general principle that in applying liquid chemical
fertilizers the plant should have become well established and be in full
grow^th before the application is begun. The first application should be rather
light in strength and given at considerable intervals apart, until active growth
shows that the fertilizers are being assimilated. At this time the quantity
and frequency of the applications may be increased. Where soils are dense
and lacking in vegetable fiber chemical fertilizers should be used with great
caution. The results obtained in such soils may prove quite different from
those obtained in soils with an abundant supply of vegetable fiber.

Wherever natural fertilizers can be obtained at reasonable prices, they are
without doubt more safe for ordinary florists' use than chemical fertilizers, as
unless the grower has more or less knowledge of the action of the chemical
fertilizers there is considerable danger of injuring the plants. Natural manures
should be well composted before being used in soils destined for the
growth of plants indoors. The drainage from the stables may be collected
in a tank and used when largely diluted with water. At first thought it
would seem that liquid manure water made from such source would be less
dangerous than that made from manufactured chemicals, but in our practice this
has not proved the case, as we have found it quite as easy to injure plants by
over-doses of these natural manure waters as with chemical liquids.

In conclusion, I would say that the physical condition of each grower's
soil, and the amount of plant food which it contains, must determine his
practice in the use of chemicals or other plant foods, and a knowledge of this
can only be obtained by each individual's experimental practice. In the
problem of using chemical fertilizers success is something that every florist
must work out in his own locality with the particular conditions under which
he is laboring. As an example, a grower having a rather light but poor soil,
well filled with vegetable fiber, might be able to use considerable quantities of
chemical fertilizers, while another grower having a dense, heavy, mineral
soil, deficient in vegetable fiber, but not a poor soil, might not be able to use
them at all. But, as I have said before, we have found no serious difficulty
in using chemical fertilizers after we have once become familiar with the
conditions and needs of our soil.

Mr. W.\rd then resumed as follows : So far as my connection with this
committee has gone it has seemed to me that unless you can get some
man connected with an experiment station, who has a much deeper knowl-
edge of chemistry than I have, to take up the work of this committee and
carry it on, the committee will be to some extent useless. I do not see how
we can go much further in this matter. Each individual florist who desires
to use chemical fertilizers will have to take up the question himself and work
out his own problem.

In this work I have received much assistance from the New York Experi-
ment Station. Whatever knowledge had been gained in working on chemical

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 31

fertilizers, by the gentlemen connected with that station, has been given to me
willingly, though they told me when I started out that this matter was
something that they themselves had not yet solved, though they had carried
on detailed experiments.

There are certain things that you can do. You can use nitrogen, potash
and phosphoric acid. You can grow plants on phosphoric acid alone, on
nitrogen alone and on phosphoric acid and nitrogen, but you cannot grow
them on potash alone. The seeds will not germinate in potash where that
alone is used. Experimenters have come to the conclusion that potash is not so
essential in fertilizers as it is claimed to be by those interested in its sale.
In fact, Dr. Jordan, the Director of the Experiment Station at New York,
once said to me that he thought the German Kali Company was working the
American farmer to a dot. In the analysis of soils generally it has been found
that most of the soils we have in this country contain an ample supply of
potash.

Mr. H. a. Siebkecht : I think that Mr. Ward has given us something
valuable in the little talk with which he has supplemented his paper. He has
told us what we can do and what we cannot do ; he has found that out. Now,
it comes right down to this, that each one of us has to work out his own
salvation in this problem, as Mr. Ward has well said. No doubt he has
gone further than any one of us, and no doubt many of us have worked at
this very thing — I know I have for years ; but we have to Avork at it with our
own soil and with our own conditions and can only know what suits our own
soil and our own conditions.

There is a firm of chemists, young men, in Boston, who manufacture a
liquid fertilizer which they call "The Imperial," and which they sell broad-
cast over the country. They put it up in barrels of forty and forty-five gal-
lons, I think. I have used considerable of it and have found it very bene-
ficial, especially to soft-wooded plants. You can see the difference between
plants on which it is used and those on which it is not used, and this is very
manifest in a fortnight ; those plants on which it is used showing more vigor
and more luster in foliage and flowers. Those young men have certainly done
some good in manufacturing an article that amateurs can use, though it may
not be used by the commercial florist, for I think it is still pretty expensive.

Now, we want to get to a practical point, and the way to do that is to
find out how much fertilization we can get out of a ton of manure, whether
cow or horse manure, at two dollars a ton for cow manure (which is about
the average price) and one dollar for horse manure ; then to compare that
with the cost of the chemical or commercial fertilizer and determine which is
the better and cheaper.

Mr. Ward here stated that the best restilts in the tise of liquid
fertilizers cotild be obtained by watering the plants with a pulverized
liquid sheep manure of about the consistency or color of strong tea.

32 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

He said that the man who combined together in Hquid fertiUzers the
elementary constituents of plant growth was simply intermixing
phosphoric acid, nitrogen, potash and possibly a little lime. He said
he had not touched upon lime. Any gentleman could take the
formulae he had given, which would be published in the Annual
Report, and could make a liquid manure for himself at one-half the
cost at which any fertilizer company would manufacture it; and by
experimenting and ascertaining what his soil required he could study
the matter out and accomplish with no greater expense all that could
be accomplished by the use of the product of a manufacturing
concern.

Mr. Patrick O'Mara: The chairman of the committee has told us in
effect that the work of the committee has progressed as far as it is possible
for that committee to go. I therefore move that the report of the committee
be received, that it be incorporated in the minutes of the Convention and that
the committee be discharged with the thanks of the Convention.

Mr. H. A. SiEBRECHT : Before action is taken on that motion I would ask
Mr. Ward to tell us something about his experiments with lime in fertilizing.
I think he will say that the use of lime is always a good thing. Will he state
that?

Mr. Ward : That depends upon the conditions. Where the soil is full of
nitrogen the addition of lime releases the nitrogen and causes it to evaporate.
But where the soil is filled with acids which produce a sour condition, the
application of lime will neutralize the acids and sweeten the soil. Limestone
soils are generally richer than sandstone soils ; they hold the chemical con-
stituents better.

Now, I do not like to get beyond my depth in this matter. I am not a
chemist, and there are many things about chemistry that I do not understand.
Through the advice of certain gentlemen who are chemists, I have been able
to do certain things with certain mixtures, and I am satisfied that any florist
who would take the trouble to make the same experiments that I have gone
through with would accomplish the same results. No special talent is re-
quisite for that purpose.

In connection with the discharging of this committee, I would say that
there is a matter of forty dollars' worth of fertilizers in my hands, belonging
to the Society, at the time I made the last report ; and when those fertil-
izers have been used up I will send my check to the Society for the amount due.

Mr. Patrick O'Mara closed the discussion by stating from his
own experience the case of a rose grower who had been using fertil-
izers from barnvard manure, with the result that in a short time his

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 33

roses began to drop their leaves and he lost his entire crop. On
investigation it was discovered that his manure came from a stable
in which a deodorizer or disinfectant had been liberally used. He
suggested that it would be well, before using the cow manure, to
ascertain whether it contained any chemicals.

A vote was here taken, when the motion of Mr. O'Mara, that
the report be received and the committee discharged, was carried
without dissent.

MESSAGES OF CONDOLENCE AND SYMPATHY.

Reports from the special committees on this subject were received
and read by Secretary Stewart as follows :

Resolutions of sympathy with President Burton, by the Society of Ameri-
can Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists:

Whereas, the members of the Society have been apprised of the sad
bereavement sustained by President Burton in the death of his son, John
Burton, Jr. ; therefore be it

Resolved, That we tender to Mr. Burton and his family our heartfelt
sympathy in this their hour of affliction, and pray that the Almighty may
give them strength to bear their great loss.

Resolved, That these resolutions be spread on the minutes and, after
being suitably engrossed, be sent to Mr. Burton.

(Signed by the Committee) Patrick O'Mara,

Geo. C. WatsoNj
F. R. Mathison,

Committee.

On motion of Mr. James M. Lamb, of Fayetteville. N. C, a vote
by rising was taken and the resolutions were adopted unanimously.

Resolutions of sympathy upon the death of the late Edmund M. Wood,
ex-President of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticul-
turists.

WJicrcas, God, in His infinite wisdom, has called from among us one who
held high place in our councils, who was ever ready to further the interests
of the Society to the utmost of his ability, whose genial nature, and ready
sympathy, with practical help, were ever generously given when needed;
therefore be it

Resolved, That, while bowing in humility to the immutable decree of an
all-wise Providence, we desire to give expression to our sorrow at our late
brother's departure from among us ; and be it further

34 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions, suitably engrossed, be sent to
the family of the deceased, and that the same be spread upon the minutes of
the Society.

Patrick O'IMara,
George C. Watson,
F. R. Mathison,

Committee.

On motion of Mr. James M. Lamb, of Fayetteville, N. C, a vote
by rising was taken and the resolutions were adopted unanimously.

Secretary Stewart : The committee entrusted with the duty of send-
ing a telegram of condolence to Mr. Edgar Sanders have placed in my hands
a copy of the telegram as sent, with the request that it be read.

Asheville, N. C. August 19, 1902.
Edcar Sanders,

1639 Belmont avenue, Chicago.
By unanimous vote of the Society of American Florists we send you
condolence and regret upon your illness, and earnest hope for your speedy
recovery,

Wm. R. Smith,

Wm. Scott,
G. L. Grant,

Committee.

]\Ir. Wm. M. Lindsay, of Birmingham, Ala., here complained
that the remarks of speakers who addressed the Convention were
partly inaudible to many of the audience on account of the defective
acoustic properties of the Auditorium. He suggested that those who
had occasion to make remarks should speak loudly so that the diffi-
culty might be remedied to some extent.

Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, joined in the complaint and re-
marked that even the eloquence of Mr. O'Mara had failed to reach
the ears of many of the persons present.

reports of the judges of the trade EXHIBITION.

The reports of the Judges on the Trade Exhibition, having been
received (with one exception), were read by Secretary Stewart.
Each report was, on motion, adopted and filed.

The exception was the report of the Committee on Florists' Sup-
plies ; which, after being presented, had been temporarily withdrawn

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 35

by the Chairman of the Committee, Mr. Wm. M. Lindsay, for re-
vision.

(Note. — On the following day the report on Florists' Supplies
was again presented as revised, when it was read and adopted.)

The reports will be found elsewhere.

SUNDRY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

The Secretary, by request, here made sundry announcements
for general information, which were substantially as follows :

Correcting an error in the printed programme, in the statement that the
polls for the election of officers on the following day would be open one
hour, he explained that, according to the constitutional requirements, the
polls would be open for two hours, viz., from lO a.m. until 12 o'clock m.

Also requesting the State delegations to meet at some time before the
adjournment of the Convention and select their representatives as State
Vice-Presidents for the following year.

Also explaining the arrangements for taking a group photograph of the
members of the Convention.

PRESIDENT burton's RECOMMENDATIONS.

The President pro tem. announced that the Committee to con-
sider the recommendations in the President's address were ready to
report and would now be heard.

Mr. Adam Graham, of the Committee, responded as follows :

Our Secretary, with commendable courtesy, having loaned the copy of
the President's address to the reporters of the local press yesterday after-
noon, the committee was unable to get possession of it until rather late this
morning and consequently have not been able to do more than make a cursory
examination of that very able document. They have therefore arranged, in-
stead of making a written or any kind of a cohesive report, for each member
of the committee to make such suggestions as may have occurred to him in
reading the address.

The matter about which, I understand, it is expected that I should speak
is that of the peony. I have therefore to say that I think (and I believe
the other members of the committee will agree with me in this) that the
recommendation of the appointment of a committee on the culture of the
peony and for the dissemination of knowledge in reference to its innumerable
varieties is one of great value to the members of this Society. We all know
that the peony, as a flower, is not very durable. Its time of blooming is fleet-

36 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

ing, at the best; and yet by selection of a variety or a number of varieties
you can extend the season of its blooming for from three to four weeks
longer than we, general growers, ordinarily have the peony in bloom. I
believe that by the appointment of such a committee, so that at the next
Annual Meeting they could give us a list of such varieties as would be valu-
able in this respect, thus enabling us to make our selection and extend the
season of blooming of this flower, which is of special value for ornamental
purposes, we would do much to benefit this membership and the community
at large.

I would therefore suggest that the President appoint such a committee.
If I were not afraid of infringing upon his prerogative I would intimate to
him that probably no man in this Society would be so able to give us valuable
information on the subject as Mr. Ward. I trust that if the committee is
appointed Mr. Ward will be made chairman of it. (Applause.)

Mr. E. G. Hill, a member of the Committee, said:

Mr. President, Ladies and Genilemen — The writing of a President's
address is a matter of no small importance, I can assure you, as the vari-
ous presidents who have served you can testify. When you take into con-
sideration that you have had some eighteen Presidents' addresses, pointing
out our various needs and covering the whole field of investigation, you
will recognize that it is difficult to originate new matter or present subjects
in an attractive and interesting manner, as nearly every one has been so
thoroughly covered by earlier Presidents. But I want to say to you that I
heartily appreciate the address of President John Burton. It is characteristic
of the man. He drives right at the core of the things that he wishes to
present and states them in a straightforward, direct manner. Now, one of
the subjects mentioned by him will come before you when the proposed
amendments to the constitution are acted upon, and that is the question of
Closer Relations. I need not touch upon that at the present time. But he
has brought forward one topic which I think is of vital importance to this
Society, and that is the method of selecting the place for the annual meet-
ing of the Society — whether this body shall elect to go where it pleases or
shall drift or be driven hither and thither because it is reluctant to take a
firm stand and pay its own expenses. In the past we have waited for invi-
tations from local clubs over the country, but an invitation to us is getting
to be a serious matter for any club, from a financial point of view. Only
the other week, in a small city where they have an interesting florists' club,
the question came up, "Shall we invite the Society of American Florists to
our place?" and when it was canvassed the fact came out that it would
nearly bankrupt the club to do so.

Now, I say that John Burton's remarks on that point are timely and
proper .and I would like to see his idea adopted in the form of a resolution.
I believe that the meeting place should be selected irrespective of any offers
of entertainment. If we want to go to Columbus or Indianapolis or any of

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 37

the smaller cities of the Union let us go there and not impoverish or bank-
rupt the florist club in any of those smaller places by our going there, but
pay our own expenses. It is all right for New York or Philadelphia or
Chicago or these great cities where there are hundreds of florists and where a
small contribution from each one helps them out of difficulty and gives them a
sufficient entertainment fund; but in a place where there is a very limited
number of florists and many of them of small means you can readily under-
stand how burdensome it would be for them to undertake to entertain and
provide for this Society on the scale to which we have been accustomed in
the past. Therefore I endorse that portion of the President's address wherein
he states that we ought to select our meeting place irrespective of invitations
and go where we please.

There has been a great waste of money on these entertainments, from my
point of view. It is well enough to be social and it is pleasant to be enter-
tained, but look at what a fund we would have had in our treasury could we
have had but a small percentage of the money that has been spent on our
entertainments. I am not finding fault with what has been done in the past.
I have taken some part in it myself, but I have thought if this Society could
have thirty-five or forty thousand dollars in its treasury what a power it
would be. And that is something we will yet have to consider. And if any
florists' club or any florist in this country has one or two hundred dollars in
their or his treasury for the benefit of this Society let him turn it over to
this Society and let us put it where it will accomplish better results' than
in being expended on entertainments.

Now, I hope you will take up that phase of the President's address and
other topics upon which he touches. I think it is due our Presidents that we
take up their recommendations, discuss them and, if they are of benefit to us,
adopt them. (General applause.)

Mr. C. W. Ward, of the Committee, said :

At a conference of this committee, held just before the present session
was called to order, it was arranged that, in reporting to the Convention,
Mr. Graham should lead, covering the peony; Mr. Hill should follow with
what he might have to say; and that I should make a general resume of the
President's address. Evidently, Mr. Graham considers that my bump of
conceit is very large, or he would not have offered me the magnificent plum
of the chairmanship of the Peony Committee. Upon the peony question I do
not agree with Mr. Graham at this time. A Peony Society is now in progress
of organization; it is practically organized. The gentlemen most interested in
that Society have discussed the question of this committee and concluded
that the work they have in view can best be done by an independent organiz-
ation of gentlemen interested in the peony. Under these circumstances I
should be compelled to decline the chairmanship of a Peony Committee ap-
pointed by this body. On the other hand, I do not wish to oppose the ap-
pointment of such committee, but I will say here that when the gentlemen

38 PROCEEDINGS OF KIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

interested in the Peony Society have completed their work (which will not be
for two or three years yet, for the job is a much larger one than has been
generally supposed), they will be perfectly willing to turn over to this
Society, for purposes of record, all the information they have been able to
collect and any they may thereafter collect.

There are two thousand varieties of peonies in existence to-day, there
are numerous synonyms for them, there are innumerable instances in which
one variety is being offered under many different names. There are also
instances in which numerous varieties are being offered under the same
name. After studying this subject for eight or nine years I have practically
made no progress toward determining how to arrange peony nomenclature.
I have on my place to-day 300 to 380, possibly 400, varieties of the peony.
Another gentleman connected with this Society has upward of 800 varieties
upon his place. All of us have descriptions of them, which we have taken
in the field. Some of us have gathered the descriptions from the originator.
It is one of the most onerous tasks : in fact, almost enough to drive one dis-
tracted, for a man to go out in his peony field, take his descriptions with
him and attempt to identify any of the varieties. No one has any idea of
the magnitude of the task before us. We expect that when we have finished
that task we will have reduced the number to possibly fifty standard varie-
ties or perhaps one hundred. That is a task that is to be carried out by the
growers themselves. It would cost this Society to-day something like $1,000
or $1,500 to $2,000 to go into the market, purchase these varieties of peonies
and get the collection together. T have invested several thousand dollars in
them and have something like four acres of them.

Now, I do not believe that committees can accomplish tlie work that
societies can accomplish. I ask any gentleman here if he believes that what
has been accomplished by the .American Carnation Society would have been
brought about by a committee in this Society. I have served on a number of
committees in this Society and have found it very difficult to get the members
to come up and help to do the work. I have found that it was some one
individual who had to take up the work and carry it on. This is especially
true when the committeemen are located widely apart and when it is diffi-
cult to get them together. When they come together at our annual meetings
their attention is diverted from the matter in hand by various subjects.
When the Carnation Society comes together the carnation is the issue and it
receives attention. So it will be with the Peony Society. If you want to get
work, get men who are interested in pushing the matter forward.

Now, I entertain no animosity toward the Society of American Florists,
I am its friend, but I have certain idea? and, when my ideas conflict with
others, I have enough of the Scotch in me to stubbornly stick to my own
ideas. I am a believer in horticultural development and in the development
of the Society of American Florists, but I do not believe that this, or any
other Society is going to promote its interests by obstructing or interfering
with other societies. This is too large a country for any one organization to
control everything.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 39

Mr. Ward illustrated his meaning by detailing instances of which
he had personal knowledge, in which individuals and organizations
that had not confined themselves to their legitimate sphere of opera-
tions, but had given too much attention to circumventing competitors,
had become bankrupt, while those who attended to their own busi-
ness prospered. He went on to speak of the Tammany Tall organi-
zation in New York, which he said the people had been fighting for
years, and which was based on the committee plan and had a boss
at the head of it. He said that when members came into a society
and paid their dues, they wanted to have some voice in its manage-
ment, and that in proportion as the management was centralized and
the individual member restricted in his rights, there was a loss of in-
terest in the society on the part of the membership. He spoke of an
organization to which he belonged and which had an executive com-
mittee, but was practically controlled by one man. When its mem-
bers met, which was seldom, there was only a corporal's guard of
them. The association was making no progress, but was "dry
rotting" from lack of interest in it. He continued :

If you would have this Society grow, if you would increase its member-'
ship, you want to keep its government and its affairs in such a condition that
every florist who comes here may feel that he may participate in the dis-
cussions, make motions, take part in the voting and encourage others to
take an interest in the organization. That is the condition that you want to
have here, not one in which things are centralized so that three or four or
five men are going to control.

Mr. Ward then expressed his concurrence in the view stated by
Mr. Hill as to the creation of a large permanent fund. He said he
believed in bringing into the Society every florist who could be in-
duced to join it, and he was willing and anxious to work for that
end. He resumed :

I do not oppose the appointment of the Peony Committee. So far as the
Peony Society is concerned it will work hand in hand with the committee.
Any information that it has to give and which it believes to be correct it will
give this Society without the asking. You will receive that information in
detail, and all of it. But just at this time, constituted as we are, the gentle-
men who are the most interested in peonies prefer, as I understand, to push
ahead with their work. After they have done that perhaps there will be no
reason for a Peony Society, and the work may then be taken care of by a
Peony Committee.

40 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

I wish to endorse fully what Air. Hill has said regarding convention
cities, but I will not enlarge upon it. I think it is too much of a burden upon
floi^ists' clubs and business associations when compelled to pay the expenses
of these annual conventions. I believe that in the course of our deliberations
— if not now, then at some future time, perhaps at our next annual meeting —
something will be evolved in the line of co-operation of all the societies, from
which will be derived an income sufficient to enable us to be independent, to
pay the expenses of our conventions and to hold them where we please.

Mr. James M. Lamb: Mr. Chairman, I cannot see that the committee
has recommended anything upon which we can take action. One member of
it has suggested something, and another member has argued against that
suggestion. We have not time, as I understand, to take up these views of
dififerent members of the committee. I think we ought to refer the whole
matter back to them, let them agree upon something on which we can take
definite action, and then report. I make a motion to that effect.

Mr. E. G. Hill said he thought it would be difficult for the com-
mittee to agree on a report, but that this was immaterial, as the
p'roper method of procedure was for the Society to decide whether it
would consider the President's recommendations now or defer their
.consideration. They had been addressed to the Society for its con-
sideration.

Mr. Arthur Herrington, of Madison, N. J. : In order to bring this mat-
ter to a point I make a motion that the President's recommendation in re-
gard to the selection of the convention city by the Society be concurred in
and that, if necessary, steps be taken to modify our constitution on that
point.

Mr. H. A. SiEBRECHT moved to amend Mr. Herrington's motion
so as to provide for the adoption of all the recominendations in the
President's address.

Mr. Robert Kift, of Philadelphia, seconded Mr. Siebrecht's
motion.

(Note. — No statement of the question upon any of the pending
motions was made by the Chair.)

Mr. E. G. Hill : I was about to move to amend the amendment, but the
Chairman informs me that there is no motion before the house.

I now move that the recommendation concerning the selection of the
annual meeting place be referred to the Executive Committee of this Society
with instructions to bring in a report upon which this body shall decide as

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 4i

to future places of meeting. I do not want it to be assumed for a moment
that the action of the Executive Committee is to be binding on the Society.
But that committee are in a position to canvass the field and to know^ what
is best for the Society to do. We can adopt their report if we see fit or we
can do otherwise.

Mr. J. G. EsLER inquired whether the course proposed by Mr.
Hill's motion would be in accordance with the by-laws or in conflict
with them.

The President pro tem. replied that he thought it would conflict
with them.

Mr. Patrick O'Mara said he assumed that it was the purpose of
Mr. Hill's motion to require the Executive Committee to report upon
all the invitations which had been received for the holding of the next
convention so that the Society would be guided properly in selecting
the meeting place. He said he did not understand that the committee
would dictate to the convention what it should do, but that its report
would serve as an index to the committee's idea on the subject.

Mr. Hill : Yes, that covers it substantially.

Air. O'Mara : If that is the sense of Mr. Hill's motion it does not, in my
judgment, conflict with the by-lays, and it is a nintion that I can support.

Mr. E. A. Seidewitz, of Annapolis, said that the only provision
of the by-laws, in regard to choosing the annual meeting place, was
that its location was "to be selected by ballot at the morning session of
the second day of each annual meeting." Consequently, the members
would have a right to vote to accept or reject any invitation, regards
less of whether it was recommended by the Executive Committee or
not.

Mr. E. G. Hill said it had not occurred to him that his proposition
would be considered as applying to the method of procedure at the
present meeting, but he had no objection to having it so apply: He
explained that he did not think the Executive Committee should take
into consideration any invitation, but h^ -thought thfey should make
their selection solely with reference to the best interests of the
Society. He said that what he objected to was llaving the Society
taken, here, there and everywhere- stmply* becatise a florists' rclub 'was

42 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

ready to offer entertainment or give a banquet. He believed that the
Executive Committee would be in a position to recommend the most
desirable places for the yearly meetings.

Mr. H. A. SiEBRECHT disagreed with Mr. Hill. He said the
Society was governed by the same broad principle which is main-
tained in the United States Government, viz., that all its members
should have a voice in its management. He believed that a
majority of the Society favored the maintenance of that principle
and of allowing each member to vote as he saw fit, without dictation.
He did not think that' President Burton meant to recommend any-
thing contrary to this. He said he had understood that what was
proposed by Mr. Hill was simply that the Executive Committee,
having all the facts before it, should make such recommendations as
would help the Society to avoid becoming a burden upon any local
club.

Mr. Wm. F. Gude, of Washington, D. C, said the discussion had
consumed nearly the entire morning session, although the subject was
not on the programme. It was well known that several cities were
contesting for the honor of being the host of the Society next year,
and this was the reason for the very full attendance of members this
morning. They were more interested in the decision of that contest
than in the present discussion or even in the essays which were to be
read, however interesting those papers might be, for they could be
read at leisure in the published report. He thought the choice of a
meeting place was a question that could safely be left to the judgment
of each member. (Applause.)

The discussion here ended.

On motion of Mr. O'Mara, the whole matter, together with Mr.
Hill's motion to empower the Executive Committee to advise the
Convention in making a selection of a meeting place, was laid on the
table by a vote which was unanimous, except that Mr. H. A. Sie-
BRECHT responded in the negative.

THE NEEDS OF THE COMMERCIAL FLORIST IN THE NORTH.

The next item of business on the program was a discussion of

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 43

the subject, "Developing our Resources. The Needs of the Com-
mercial Florist in the North."

Mr. Fred R. Mathison, of Waltham, Mass., discussed the sub-
ject in an interesting paper which he read and which was enthusias-
tically approved.

The paper was as follows :

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen — A year ago the Society of Ameri-
can Florists were cordially invited to meet in convention in the Land of the
Sky. As an inducement we were told the angels would be near us. We see
them now. We feel very much at home in their presence, knowing them to
be loyal friends of the Society, who at all times are endeavoring to do some-
thing for the beautiful, yes for the angels and for the advancement of horti-
culture and floriculture in every state, town and hamlet in the Union. The
Society feels confident of the hearty co-operation of its members and the
ladies and gentlemen of the South.

The subject allotted to me by the Executive Committee is, "Some of the
wants and needs of the North, East and West, in the line of plants, trees,
shrubs, vines, bulbs, tuberoses, stocks for budding, grafting, etc., by the com-
mercial florist, the landscape architect, the park and cemetery superintendent,
the private and the jobbing gardener." Their wants and requirements to suc-
cessfully carry on their various lines of horticulture are varied and many.
The usual way of supplying those wants is by importing them from foreign
countries, European countries in particular, at great cost and much risk, and
frequently with unsatisfactory results in general. Without going into details,
the imports into the United States of plants, trees and bulbs and other horti-
cultural products, seeds not included, from January, 1901, to May, 1902, in
round numbers were valued at one .million and a half dollars. I am informed
by a gentleman who is in a position to know, that the imports in horticultural
goods would average over one million dollars per year for the past four years,
with imports on the increase, but the exports were less than one hundred
thousand per year. Now, my friends of the South, is it necessary that the
florists of the United States should continue to pay out so much money for
imports and receive so little for exports? With this great country at our
feet it has been said that about everything we import can be produced between
Virginia and Texas. Without going into items, some of the principal imports
are azaleas, bay trees, spirsea, rhododendrons, trees and shrubbery, and'
hard wooded plants in great variety. These heavy and bulky goods cost
about 60 per cent, freight and customs duties alone. Hybrid roses in great
quantities, Manetti stocks by the million, palms in variety, lily of the valley
by the million, bulbs and tubers in unlimited quantities at an advance on their
original cost of not less than 50 per cent, for freight and customs duties'. I
do not know of any good reason why this' country should not become a great

44 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

exporter horticulturally as well as a large importer. A free interchange of
merchandise with other countries is the very life of our business. The Gov-
ernment at Washington is doing a good work on the right lines by organizing
the Bureau of Plant Industry. Already good results have been secured by
following the policy thus laid down, and important plant problems are being
studied. A foreign visitor to Massachusetts, who is connected with the Royal
Netherlands Nurseries, Hillegom, Holland, an authority on tulips, says,
twenty-five of his countrymen connected with the bulb exporting business are
about to visit the United States in connection with that industry. He is re-
ported as saying, Holland annually sends to this country one million dollars'
worth of bulbs from which the United States gets two hundred and fifty
thousand in duties. I think the above goes to show that the gentleman from
Holland thinks favorably of some part of this country for the growing of
bulbs. A clipping from a Dutch correspondent to the Horticultural Trade
Journal, English says : "Seldom, if ever, has the month of May kept us in
such a continuous wintry temperature as this year, and bulb crops are very
likely to show the results. This refers more especially to tulips, which must
make their principal growth in the month of May. Hyacinths have not suf-
fered quite so much, their growth is made later. It will greatly depend on
the weather we get in June, if we get a fairly good crop." I think the gentle-
man from Holland has some good reasons for looking up new and more
favorable locations where climatic conditions play such an important part in
the bulb industry. What is the South doing on these lines? What are the
prospects of American-grown bulbs? Mr. Beuchii. Buffalo, N. Y., has for
several years successfully grown White Romans. His stock of ten thousand
were equal in all respects to the French bulbs delivered in 1901. Will force
fully as well as the French stock. They can be produced in this country at less
cost than the imported ones. He grows them in muck land, and the richer
he makes it the better. State Vice-President Lilienthall, of the S. A. F. of San
Francisco, is in receipt of a communication from the Department of Agricul-
ture at Washington, containing a valuable amount of information relative
to the bulb industry, which he is anxious to see introduced into California.
Owing to its climatic advantages as a bulb producing section Secretary Wilson,
Department of Agriculture, announces his active sympathy with the horti-
culturists of California in their efforts to secure this profitable field of com-
mercial gardening. There are other States in the Union that can justly claim
genial temperatures and congenial soils and souls that can produce almost any-
thing from peanuts to a full grown stately pine. The State of North Carolina is
one of the oldest of the colonies, and one of the original thirteen States, but
her history horticulturally is not so generally known as some of the other
states, still it is said to be the greatest botanical state in the Union. On her
soil was the first settlement in the United States, the first white child of Eng-
lish parentage was born ; the white people of this State probably present to-day
the purest type of American citizens in the Union. But it is not the history
of the State I will speak of, but some of the resources of the State and the
South in general as they exist in the present and the great possibilities for

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 45

future development horticulturally. No other one thing contributes so much
to satisfactory results in horticulture as a favorable climate, which this
State has. There are none of the extremes of heat and cold. Now, in rainfall
and drought the geographical position and topographical feature of North
Carolina afford a variety of soil and climate hardly to be found elesewhere
within the same range of territory. This variety of soil and climate makes
one of the richest in the American Union. There is no section of the State in
which some variety of fruit, vegetables or flowers cannot be grown profitably,
strawberries, peaches and apples, not forgetting the peanuts ; not less than
one hundred thousand acres were planted in the year 1900, with a produc-
tion of about four million bushels. Another profitable field is the production
of plants and bulbs. While this industry has received but little attention,
whenever experiments have been made very satisfactory results have been
shown. The above are a few extracts from the Congressional Record by Mr.
Small, North Carolina, June 28, 1902. It is generally understood by gentle-
men in active business and well versed in everything pertaining to horticulture
that a great many plants, trees, shrubs, bulbs and things too numerous to men-
tion here can be grown on the American Continent that are at the present time
being imported from foreign countries at great cost and much risk with un-
satisfactory results in many instances. I do not pretend to tell the florists and
nurserymen of the South what to grow or what not to grow, for I am not well
enough acquainted with the conditions and conveniences to give such advice
in any particular state or locality, but I do know some of the wants and needs
of the East and West in the line of horticultural products. This state is mak-
ing rapid progress in some lines, notably in raising fruit. In 1890 there were
in the State in round numbers one million and a quarter apple trees ; in 1900
six and one-half millions ; peaches increased in the same time 30 per cent. ;
plums, prunes and pears increased more than three-fold in ten years. Value
of manufactured tobacco in 1890, four and three-quarter millions; in 1900, thir-
teen and three-quarter millions. In 1899 seven thousand acres were devoted to
small fruits. There were five thousand six hundred acres of strawberries
alone; the total yield for 1899 was ten million seven hundred thousand quarts.
This business was started only twenty-seven years ago. and is increasing
rapidly. Large areas of this section of the State are within a belt where frost is
seldom known, but the floricultural establishments are not keeping pace set by
the market gardeners. By the census statistics for June, 1900, only fifteen
establishments are given, with ninety acres of improved land. Value of land,
buildings and implements, only twenty-seven thousand dollars. Value of the
products, twenty-five thousand dollars ; expended for labor, four thousand dol-
lars. This is a small showing for such a large and fertile state. It is
earnestly hoped and it is confidently predicted that the gathering of the S.
A. F. in the South will be of inestimable value, not only to the South in gen-
eral, but to the horticultural world at large. It is up to the florists and
nurserymen in the State of North Carolina in particular and to the South
in general to take advantage of the present opportunity by putting their
shoulders to the wheel and prove to the florists of America and to the world

46 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

what they can do and will do for the advancement of the noblest and grandest
work — horticulture. It has been proven that this State can grow tuberoses
to perfection ; the choicest kinds of dahlias will increase three-fold faster than
in any other known place ; lily of the valley is indigenous to the State, no doubt
it could be successfully grown and be much better ripened than what comes
from Europe. The demand for first-class pips the past five years has been
enormous. A gentleman who is an acknowledged authority says, all kinds
of narcissus, tulips, freesias, tuberoses and the general collection of Holland
bulbs can be grown in this State successfully for commercial uses. Rhodo-
dendrons are natives here, and they luxuriate in the ravines and dells of the
mountains. The foundation is right here with water in unlimited quantities
and it seems as though the grandest collection the world ever saw could be
raised here, but we still keep on importing at high cost with 60 per cent, added
freight and customs duties, with a shortage at the present time in the European
markets. Millions of Manetti are imported yearly at a cost of not less
than $12 per thousand on the average to the consumer. They can be grown
and are to a limited extent in South Carolina as easy to grow as water-
melons. Again, we are buying from Holland in large quantities H. P. roses
budded, anywhere from three to eight inches from the ground, taken from
wet land in an unripened condition, not even losing their foliage in some
cases before being packed for shipment. They lay around the vicinity of
New York till Spring, are then sent broadcast to auction rooms, department
stores and other places to be distributed to the public, usually with such unsatis-
factory results as to be a positive injury to this branch of the business. In
numerous instances clematis and other vines, Indian and Ghent azaleas and
a general collection of shrubbery are kept in storage so long that they are
practically useless for ornamental or any other planting, and a sure disap-
pointment to the last purchaser. Ordinary kinds of shrubs and the native
evergreens in suitable sizes for immediate planting were not easily found
two or three years ago. Red oaks and pin oaks could not be found in the
eastern part of the country to plant a boulevard in Massachusetts, and this is
the land of hard wooded trees — North Carolina. Low-budded H. P. roses
can be and are grown in South Carolina. Samples sent to Massachusetts last
Winter were all right, nice plants, well ripened, forced for Easter, satisfactory
to those concerned. A consignment of Crimson Ramblers from the same state
arrived in Massachusetts in the pink of condition, well ripened, wood clean out
to the points, the best forcing plants we had for the 'Spring of 1902. Another
class of bulbs we have been importing of late years at heavy cost and little
profit, with little prospect of getting anything better: I refer to the lilium
bulbs. The Bermudas are unreliable. The Japanese were decidedly worse
this year, from press reports, and the outlook in Japan is not encouraging.
One grower in my section forced about sixty thousand bulbs for last Easter,
with over 50 per cent, loss by disease partly, and apparently by no care
being given to selection. The Department of Agriculture at Washington has
been carefully looking into the matter and says some of the causes are in-
discriminate propagation and in a great measure lifting out of the ground

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 47

before they were ripe. Here is an opportunity for the bulb growers of the
South. Now what will the florists and nurserymen of the South do? The
S. A. F. are here with you to talk and advise with you on many important
matters in regard to this great and growing industry. We hope and we feel
confident that a new impetus will be given to the business with the South.
We hope for more and closer business relations with our friends and co-
laborers from the great South. We want to receive your bills of lading and
some of the products of this vast territory at our feet — the Sunny South.
Let progress be the watchword in floriculture and horticulture in every
branch. I believe most firmly in the future greatness of American horticul-
ture. Our markets are unlimited. I see no reason why we cannot become a
nation of exporters as well as importers and compete with Europe and Japan.
In the past five years horticulture has advanced more rapidly in the United
States than at any period in history, and is exciting the admiration and won-
der of the horticultural world. In round numbers, June i, 1901, the number
of florist establishments in the United States were more than 6,000, with
43,000 acres of improved land. The value of land, buildings and implements
was fifty-two millions of dollars, value of the product about eighteen and
one-half millions. The same date the number of nurseries was seven hundred
and fifty, fifty-two thousand acres of land, value of land and buildings eight
and one-half millions. Value of florists' and nurserymen's establishments
combined, $61,000,000. Value of products combined, $32,000,000. The imports
of seeds for the first five months, 1902, value $1,639,139. Exports same date,
$1,666,250. Balance in favor of imports, $27,111.

So the florists, nurserymen and seed growers in America are importing
more than is exported in the same line. This is not as it should be.

THE BULB SITUATION.

"Remarks on the Bulb Situation" was the title of an interesting
paper presented and read by Mr. William R. Smith, of the Botanic
Garden, Washington, D. C. Mr. Smith was warmly greeted and his
paper much applauded.

The paper was as follows :

To help find a commercial home for bulbs that can be grown in this coun-
try instead of being imported, has been in my mind for some years. This is
a matter I consider of great importance and worthy of careful consideration
by this Society. I have made an efifort to obtain information as to the value
and quantity of Roman hyacinths, tulips, narcissi and lily pips imported an-
nually, but have failed. I addressed a letter to the Hon. Secretary of the
Treasury, which he promptly referred to the Bureau of Statistics. Mr. O. P.
Austin, Chief of that Bureau, furnishes the following table:

Imports of values on orchids, palms, dracaenas, crotons and azaleas, tulips.

48 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

etc., for consumption in the United States, by principal customs districts, and
all other districts for the year ending June 30, 1901.

Year Ending June 30, 1901.

Orchids, palms, dracaenas, crotons and azaleas, tulips, hyacinths, narcissi,
jonquils, lilies of the valley and all other bulbs, bulbous roots or corms
which are cultivated for their flowers :

Customs Districts.

New York, N. Y $4i5,ioi

Boston, Mass 4i,555

Philadelphia, Pa 137,651

Chicago, 111 40,363

All other districts 129,788

Total $764458

(Signed) O. P. Austin,

Chief Bureau of Statistics.
Treasury Department, July 22, 1902.
(No quantities stated.)

Mr. Austin says in a letter addressed to me that he had requested the
Collector of Customs at New York, Philadelphia, Boston and Chicago as to
any further information they could give; but owing to the classification they
could not furnish separate information on the articles asked for.

We beg leave here to acknowledge the kind courtesies of Mr. Austin.
Mr. Powers, Chief Statistician of the Census Office, also kindly endeavored
to secure information for me on the same subject from leading firms in the
various cities, but for the same and other reasons he failed to elicit reliable
information; enough, however, was obtained to make it an object that those
bulbs, of easy culture, not requiring extra skilled labor, can be grown success-
fully somewhere in the United States, and the quantity used can be doubled,
and made an object of interest. There are numerous other bulbs imported
that can and will before long be grown by enthusiastic experts in this country.
We have the advantage of cheap lands as against cheap labor. Already the
gladioli, freesias and tuberoses are exports ; of the latter the large output of
$45,000 is hot all for florists' purposes, I am informed. Grease & Glass, at
Grasse near Nice, consumed an immense quantity of the tuberose flowers
and a monopoly from natural causes secures this, and will secure others, as
exports. An interesting and instructive article on this subject can be found
in Appleton's Popular -Scientific Monthly of November, 1897. In the same
article. Kruger is stated to have discovered an artificial violet perfume in the
"iris ropt. Whether the Lilium longiflorum and its variety Harrisii'can be
grown for market purposes in the State of Washington or State of Texas, as
intelligent correspondents seem to think, is still an open question. With 6,159
intelligent heads of commercial florists' establishments scattered over the
whole land, representing as they do an investment of $50,708,671, urging them
to vigilant care for their best interests, it is not to be doubted that a commercial
home, in some of the vanous states and territories, will be found for those
articles, so valuable in developing the aesthetic soul of the American people.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 49

The discussion that will follow to-day, and in the trade papers on this
subject, will soon disseminate all useful and interesting information and we
will thus add another wreath to the good old S. A. F. which has, in my opinion,
been an important factor in improving our profession in all its various
relations. The following extract from an advance sheet, kindly furnished by
L. G. Powers, Agricultural Division Census Office, show the magnitude of the
commercial florist business :

The annual income from cut flowers is estimated at $12,000,000 to $14,000,-
000. Upon this basis the sale of roses averages $6,000,000 annually, with
an annual production of 100,000,000. The violet is third, with sales of $750,000
and an annual production of 75,000,000. The chrysanthemum sales equal
$500,000, the season for the sale of this flower being short. In another part
of the report it is stated, the total product was 18,422,522, and the retail value
would be at least $30,000,000, since between the grower and consumer there
is sufficient expense and waste to nearly double the value.

Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, N. Y. Mr. Chairman: We have all listened
with a great deal of pleasure to these interesting statistics about the importa-
tion of bulbs. The amount of money that is sent to Europe for bulbs does not
seem in the aggregate to be very large as compared with that sent abroad in
other industries and for other things that we import;' but that sum, particu-
larly that which is paid for what we call "Dutch Bulbs," I thmk might just
as well be kept at home. I am not acquainted with the conditions that exist
in South Carolina, for this is my first visit to this part of the South (and
I am glad I am as far south as I am to-day), but it may be interesting for me
to tell you of an incident that occurred at our convention at Omaha. Mr.
E. G. Hill doubtless remembers that he and I with another gentleman were
members of a committee to judge an exhibit of bulbs from the State of
Washington. That gentleman, whose name I am now unable to recall, wrote
to me a month ago asking whether I would like to have samples of his
hyacinths, tulips and Lilium candidum. The amount he grows on a small
area is simply enormous. I assure you, gentlemen, that you would hardly
have recognized the bulbs he sent as hyacinths. I weighed one and found
it to weigh two and a half times as much as we remember that the ordinary
hyacinth would weigh. But the most extraordinary thing was the Lilium
candidum. It was as big as Mr. Mathison's head: it was really prodigious",
and we could see by the matured and cut-off stems that it did have four large
spikes. The gentleman to whom I have referred is greatly encouraged in the
industry and feels like going ahead with it. I hope he will.

A great factor in the matter of growing bulbs in the State of Washington,
you will be surprised to know, is the freight across our country. It is cheaper
to get them across the ocean and pay 20 per cent, duty than it is at present
to pay the freight from the Pacific Coast. But I believe it is unwise to be
sending so much money to Europe for sthall bulbs. I think there must be
in this broad land some large areas where ;the soil and the climate are in the
Tight condition for us to produce bulbs just as well as they are produced in
Holland. I think it only requires enterprise. Labor is not a factor because

50 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

with our improved American methods, our intelligent and speedy ways of cul-
tivation, I think we can overcome any difficulty under that head; dnd perhaps
when the railroads are not all in the trust they will allow cheaper freight
rates. (Applause.)

I move that a vote of thanks be tendered to Mr. Smith for his very able
paper.

Air. E. G. Hill: I move the tender of a similar vote of thanks to Mr.
Mathison for his very able and interesting paper.

A vote was taken and the motions of Messrs. Scott and Hill
were carried.

to MEET AT MILWAUKEE IN I903.

The next business was the selection of a meeting-place for 1903.

Secretary Stewart read the invitations (all of recent date) which
had been received from different cities, as follows :

From Mr. John J. Perry, Secretary of the Gardeners' Club of Baltimore,
stating that an invitation had been extended by a unanimous vote of _ the club
and that President Halliday had requested that this fact be stated.

From the Mayor of Milwaukee, Wis., as follows :

A year ago it was my pleasure to give our good friend, and your co-
worker, Mr. C. C. Pollworth, an invitation to hold your convention in Mil-
waukee. The charms of the South, however, proved the particular magnet
for this year and your coming to Milwaukee was deferred.

I again take pleasure in inviting you to come to Milwaukee and now hope
that you will vote unanimously to assemble in our beautiful city next year.
There is no more beautiful or delightful city in America than Milwaukee.
In proof of that statement we point with pleasure to the testimony of the
large number of associations that have met here, held successful business con-
ventions, and gone away charmed with our city, its institutions and the hospi-
tality of our citizens.

I assure you that our people will esteem it a privilege to join hands
with the local florists, to whom you will particularly look for a greeting, in
welcoming and entertaining you while guests of our city.

Respectfully yours,

David S. Rose, Mayor.

From the florists of Milwaukee, as follows:

We, the undersigned, speaking for the florists of Milwaukee, take great
pleasure in extending to you a cordial invitation to hold the 1903 convention
of your Association in our beautiful city of Milwaukee. We assure you that

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 51

we shall join most heartily in welcoming you and doing all in our power to
make a convention here one of the most successful in the history of the
organization.

Sincerely hoping that you will vote to come here next year, we arc,
Fraternally yours,

C. C. PuLLwoRTH Co., MILWAUKEE FLORISTS' CLUB :

(per C. C. Pollworth, Pres.) Q B. Whitnall, Pres. ,

W. A. Kennedy, F. Holton, Vice-Pres. ,

N. ZwEiFEL, H. V. Hunker Treas. ,

HOLTON & HUNKEL Co., C. C PoLLWORTH, Secy.

W. Edlefsen,
B. Gregory,
J. M. Dunlop,
Edw. H. Stewart.

From Washington, D. C, four commtmications, viz. :

From the Board of Trade, signed by Thos. W. Smith, President ; from the
Committee on Conventions of the Board of Trade, signed by C. H. Rudolph,
Chairman; from the Commissioners of the District of Columbia; from the
Business Men's Association of Washington, D. C, signed by W. F. Gude,
President.

From Cincinnati, Ohio:

From the Cincinnati League, representing the commercial and social in-
terests of that city; from Hon. Julius Fleischmann, Mayor of Cincinnati, con-
finning the invitation on the part of the municipal authorities and conveying
the assurance, should it be accepted, that every effort would be put forth to
render the sojourn of the membership in that city most agreeable.

Also the following :

An invitation (circular) from the Hotel Victory, Lake Erie, Ohio; similar
documents from the Detroit Chamber of Commerce and Niagara Falls Bureau
of Conventions.

Mr. C. C. Pollworth^ representing the Milwaukee Florists'
Club, was called to the platfonn. He said :

Last year we came down from Milwaukee in sufficient force to capture
almost any other convention, and we are here again to-day. We have con-
cluded that we do not need to have any big crowd or any great noise to back
up our invitation. We doff our hats to Brother Deake for bringing us to this
beautiful city. It would take a pretty long-winded speech to tell you all about
the merits of Milwaukee. We can boast of the largest industry of its kind
in the world, but that does not help to make a convention. You need to meet

52 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

where your Society will accomplish the greatest amount of good, and in our
city it would have one of the most prosperous conventions it has ever had. I
want to impress upon your minds that this invitation conies not through the
medium of any business league, but straight from the hearts of the florists of
Milwaukee. Therefore, when we meet you next year you will be the guests of
the Milwaukee Florists' Club and of no other institution. We do not care to
make a lot of promises about what we will do ; we want to give you an agree-
able surprise; we only ask you to come.

Mr, PoLLwoRTH added that he had heard this morning that sev-
eral Other cities were competing for the convention and he advised
those of his hearers who were on "the fence" to get into the loaded
wagon and come to Milwaukee.

Mr. E. G. GiLLETT^ of Cincinnati, said he had been sent to rep-
resent the city of Cincinnati in its invitation, but that, as it seemed
that other cities that had been turned down year after year were
better entitled to have the Convention, he now, on behalf of Cincin-
nati, withdrew the invitation of that city.

Mr. Fred G. Burger, of Baltimore, said : As a representative of tin
Gardeners' Club of Baltimore I have the honor and pleasure of inviting the
Society of American Florists to hold their next annual convention in the
Monumental City. This invitation comes from the Gardeners' Club, in the
hope that they may have the honor of entertaining you.

If I were an orator I might go on and paint a word picture showing all
the noted attractions of our city. I have not that great gift. I will merely
say that Baltimore has many attractions of historic note that will be interest-
ing to our guests. You will find it a city that is right in the march of progress
and making rapid strides in every branch of business, including that of the call-
ing we all here represent. Were I to indulge in an elaborate speech and be-
come as enthusiastic as orators sometimes do I would claim that among our
attractions we have Washington City, the Capitol of the Nation, as one of
our suburbs; that the great Chesapeake Bay, with its hundred popular resorts,
is another suburban attraction.

These things may in a sense be drawing cards, but I think you will be-
lieve me when I say that the invitation to come to Baltimore comes from the
hearts of our Gardeners' Club members and is given with the earnestness that
marks true Marylanders and with the hope that the S. A. F. will accept it
and permit us to show them what the generous hospitality of Maryland really
is. I thank you, gentlemen, for your kind attention. (Applause.)

(At this point a quartette of the Milwaukee delegation amused
the Convention by singing in chorus, "For Milwaukee in 1903.")

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 53

Mr. Wm, Scott, of Buffalo, remarked that he recollected that
years ago the meeting place went a-begging. He thought that the
present lively competition between three or four leading cities for the
honor of entertaining the members was a cause for congratulation.
He referred to the hospitalities and entertainments of previous years
and particularly to the good feeling, joviality and generous treat-
ment which distinguished the convention at Washington, D. C. He
believed, however, that preference should now be given to a city
that had not already entertained the convention. He said that last
year his appeal in behalf of Asheville had been successful and he felt
sure that no one regretted having made the trip to this place, as all
the promises made by Mr. Deake and the orator who extended the
invitation had been fulfilled. He reminded his hearers that twice in
the history of the Society had that magnificent and hospitable city of
Baltimore been turned down. He thought the time had now come
to honor its claim to recognition. He could see nothing in the
objection that, in going to Baltimore, the Society would be meeting
for two consecutive years in a southern city. In point of fact,
Baltimore was a midland city, five hundred miles distant from Ashe-
ville. He urged that the next meeting be held in Baltimore and
that the trip to Milwaukee be deferred until the following year, when
it would be only one night's journey from there to the World's Fair.
He believed there was not a more modest, hard working and en-
thusiastic body of men in this country than the florists of Baltimore.
(Applause.)

Mr. John G. Esler, of Saddle River, N. J., here explained that
Baltimore had been turnejl down once, while Milwaukee's invitation
had been rejected twice.

Mr. Philip J. Foley, of Chicago, advocated the choice of Mil-
waukee. He referred to the admirable location of that city, its
handsome buildings, pure air and good water. He spoke of the
opportunities for entertainment there, the beautiful boat rides up
and down the lake, the abundant transportation facilities, etc.

Mr. Wm. F. Gude, of Washington, D. C., urged the claims of that
c^ty and mentioned as one of the reasons why it should be selected
that the S. A. F., being a national chartered organization, should

54 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

occasionally meet there. He suggested that Baltimore, being one of
the suburbs of the Capitol City, could readily be visited by persons
attending the Convention. In conclusion, he expressed his willing-
ness to vote to go to California in the meantime, but he wanted to
put in a claim for a meeting at Norfolk, Va., in 1907.

Mr. J. T. D. FuLMER, of Des Moines, la., said the Society had met
twice in the East recently and now in the South. As they would
want to go to the World's Fair, in another Southern city, in 1904,
he thought they should go West next year, to Milwaukee.

Mr. H. A. SiEBRECHT called for a vote.

The President pro tem. appointed as Tellers for the balloting
Messrs. Harry Papworth, of New Orleans; Patrick O'Mara, of
New York, with E. G. Hill, of Richmond, Ind., as Inspector.

The Secretary, by request, gave notice that only members hav-
ing the requisite qualifications could participate in the voting. They
were expected to exhibit a member's badge for 1902 and a certificate
of membership.

The balloting was proceeded with, and after some time the result
was reported by the Tellers as follows: Total of votes cast, 238;
of which Milwaukee received 140, Baltimore yj)^ Washington 24,
Put-in-Bay i. Majority for Milwaukee over all. 42.

Mr. Wm. Scott then said: Mr. President, I have been delegated by the
Gardeners' and Florists' Clubs of Baltimore and Washington to say that
they cheerfully join in making the vote unanimous for the city of Milwaukee.
I make a motion to that effect.

Mr. p. O'Mara seconded the motion.
The motion was carried without dissent.

A UNANIMOUS NOMINATION FOR PRESIDENT BURTON, .

The nomination of officers was the next business ; nominations
for President being first in order.

Mr. J. C. Vaughan, of Chicago, 111., presented the name of Mi;;
John Burton. He said :

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 55

Mr. Chairman, I believe the facts will bear me out in claiming that
in no commercial organization of our class has the consensus of opin-
ion of the best element interested been more generally carried out
than in ours during the seveirteen years of the existence of this Society.
Throughout its history and in all its councils its work has been carried for-
ward with wise judgment and has been actuated by the most unselfish and
disinterested motives ; and it seems that almost without exception the right
man for the year and the hour has been chosen. I may say that on every
occasion this honorable office has sought the man rather than the man the
office. If upon any one occasion more than another this fact was forcibly
demonstrated and it was conceded that the office had sought the man, it was
at Buffalo, last year, when Mr. Burton was chosen President. Those familiar
with the workings of this organization, the men who have been prominent
in it since its inception will, one and all, agree with me that on that occasion
the office did seek the man. He who was then selected appreciated that
honor so highly that he could only accept it when it came to him unsought
and by a unanimous vote. His name was used with his silent rather than
definite assent ; and happily his selection was, in the outcome, really unani-
mous.

You all know of the severe affliction under which our President is
now suffering. One of those mysterious dispensations of Providence which
human reason can neither attempt to explain nor understand has kept him
from our midst.

When told that our President would not be here, I replied that that
was impossible, that he was not made of that kind of material, that I knew
he would be present ; but of course, when informed of the critical condition
of his family as a result of their sad bereavement, I fully appreciated the
reason for his absence.

I ask, therefore, gentlemen, that such a man be given a re-election,
or at this time a unanimous nomination, which would be equivalent to
an election, that he may preside over our meeting and receive in our presence
those honors which it would now be our pleasure and delight to accord
him if he were here. I feel that I voice the opinion of all who hear me,
of those who study the best interests of our Society, in asking of you this
renomination. No man in this or any other society is better entitled to
this compliment at our hands than honest John Burton.

The President pro tem. — Is there any other nomination ?

Mr. Jas. M. Lamb. — I move that nominations for President now close.

Mr. Adam Graham, of Cleveland, O. — I take pleasure in seconding Mr.
Lamb's motion. In doing so I wish to say, concerning whatever objection may
have arisen in the minds of some members on the ground that this is estab-
lishing a precedent by electing one of our members to the presidency for two
terms consecutively, that the conditions now existing are exceptional ; that they

5G PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

have not arisen heretofore; and I hope, in God's mercy, they will not arise
again. I know of no better way in which we can give expression to our
appreciation of "Honest John Burton," as he is known, and our sympathy
with him in his bereavement, than by re-electing him President, so that
we may benefit by his guidance and have the pleasure of meeting him at our
next meeting and showing how truly we value him. (Applause.)

Mr. Lamb's motion was carried without dissent. No other nomi-
nation was made.

NOMINATIONS OF OFFICERS.

Nominations for Vice-President being in order,

Mr. H. A. SiEBRECHT named C. B. Whitnall, of Milwaukee.

Mr. R. B. Watrous, of Milwaukee, named C. C. Pollworth,
of Milwaukee.

Mr. SiEBRECHT, upon learning that Mr. Pollworth w^as the
nominee of the Milwaukee delegation, withdrew the name of Air.
Whitnall.

No other nomination was made.

Nominations for Secretary being in order,

]Mr. Jas. M. Lamb, of Fayetteville, N. C, said : I nominate our present
Secretary, Wm. J. Stewart, of Boston.

]\Ir. R. Vincent, of Baltimore : We came here with the sincere expecta-
tion of having the next convention in our city. Having lost that, we yield
gracefully. We now ask one more favor. We have a man, well known
and well qualified, whom we present to you for the office of Secretary of
this Society — Edwin A. Seidewitz, of Baltimore. You all know him.

Mr. E. G. Gillett, of Cincinnati. — It gives me pleasure to second the
nomination of Mr. Seidewitz.

On motion of Mr. P. O'Mara, the nominations for Secretary
closed.

Nominations for Treasurer being in order,

Mr. Wm. Scott said: In a spirit of levity I made the remark to Mr.
Beatty that .if he had not made his appearance at this convention we would

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 57

have elected another man as Treasurer, but I consider that this Society is
highly honored in having a gentleman of Mr. Beatty's capacity as the
incumbent of the office. A man of great affairs, he loves flower culture
and is good enough to give some portion of his time to this body. I nomi-
nate for re-election Mr. H. B. Beatty.

On motion, the nominations closed.

An adjournment was ordered at two o'clock P. M.

SECOND DAY— EVENING.

SCENES IN FOREIGN BULB AND PLANT MARKETS.

An illustrated stereopticon lecture on the above-named subject,
by J. K. M. L. Farouhar, of Boston, Mass., furnished the enter-
tainment in the evening. The members of the Society were present,
acccmDnnied by their ladies and many residents of Aslieville. The
lecture occupied two hours and i6o pictures were exhibited.

The lecturer began by speaking about the conditions under which bulbs
are grown in Southern France. The chief center of the production of the
so-called French bulbs is Ollioules, although the region extends along the
Riviera, both east and west. The covmtry is mountainous, and the bulbs
are grown in little shelves or burrows in the mountains. Roman hyacinths
are planted in rows about twelve to fifteen inches apart, the bulbs being
three to four inches distant in the rows and at a depth of about five inches.
The total product of the white Roman hyacinth is about ten million, about
one-half of which goes to Great Britain. The United States takes from
one and a half to two millions. Other bulbs produced here are the Paper
White narcissi, freesias, jonquils and Lilium candidum. Of Lilium candidum
the best roots come from the north of France, and they are of whiter petal
and larger than those grown in the south. The soil in which these bulbs
are grown is mixed with disintegrated rock chiefly in the form of cubes
with sharp edges, and these frequently cause injury to the bulbs. In gather-
ing the flowers, which are sold to northern countries, it is not uncommon
for the gardener, on account of the narrowness of the drills, to step upon
the bulbs, pressing them against these rocks, the sharp edges of which cut
and bruise them. This accounts for the black spots and bruises we so often
find in this class of bulbs. Other causes of injury are excessive rain and
frost which sometimes overtake them. No reason seemed to be apparent

58 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

why these Roman hyacinths, which are frequently subjected to cold tem-
peratures, should not be grown in our own country. In fact, the lecturer
said, he had already seen good bulbs produced in Massachusetts.

An interesting place to visit here is the nursery of Mr. Antoine Crozy.
Formerly it was customary to visit him at Lyons. For several years he
has been a resident of the Riviera, and he was found still engaged among
his cannas. He points with pride to three of his latest successes : a good
white variety, an improved yellow, and a red sort of better substance and
broader petals than any of his former sorts. Associated with him is his
son, who has devoted much of his attention to the growing of Phoenix
canadensis. This plant is grown in hundreds of thousands and shipped
to various ports of Europe, largely to Belgium, where it is cultivated under
glass during the Summer months and sold to the trade in northern Europe
and the United States.

Referring to the nurseries in Orleans and in Normandy, where rose
stocks and fruit tree stocks are produced, the lecturer said that our florists
almost exclusively use French Manetti on which to bud and graft the roses
they now cultivate. It is a fact that nearly all of our orchards are on
French roots. The great nurserymen of northern New York, Pennsylvania,
Alabama and other states import large quantities of seedling stocks on which
to bud and graft. There is also extensive cultivation of pansies in Nor-
mandy and a few specialists in tuberous begonias and gloxinias.

Speaking of Mr. Victor Lemoine, his son and two grandchildren, who
are all interested in higher lines of floriculture, the lecturer said that prob-
ably no hybridist living to-day has contributed more largely to our collec-
tions of decorative plants than Mr. Victor Lemoine, and few have taken
so wide a range. We perhaps know him best for what he has done with
the gladiolus. (A picture of three generations of Lemoine, in the midst
of his gladiolus fields, was here shown.) We are indebted to Mr. Lemoine for
nearly all of the new large-flowered forms of this genus. We have not
by any means exhausted his resources. Mr. Lemoine has even now gladioli
in the branch or paniculate stage. He has others with four rows of flowers
on a stem in the form of the acanthus. He fully appreciates the value of
the Gladiolus gandavensis, but unfortunately this species does not thrive in
his locality. In consequence he has been advised to carry on his labors with
others, such as Sandersoni, purpureus auratus and papilio major; from which
he has endeavored to construct a new type not only with large flowers, but
with stems. But it has been his aim to get spikes equalling those of the
Gandavensis stock, if possible, in length and in number of flowers ; and
he has attained a great deal in this direction.

It is highly creditable to Mr. H. A. Groff, of Simcoe, Canada, that he
has done so much, in connection with Mr. Arthur Cowee, to bring these
splendid forms within the reach of all cultivators. We have a magnificent
exhibit from JNIr. Cowee before us. He has produced them at prices so
reasonable that even the European trade is beginning to inquire where
these fine products can be obtained at the prices at which we are buying them.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 59

We need in our country, in many other lines, such work as these two
gentlemen have accomplished with the gladiolus. There are numerous plants
already awaiting their labors; for instance, tuberous-rooted begonias, lilies,
narcissus, tulips and innumerable classes of herbaceous perennials. We are
still obliged to import all our tuberous begonias from Belgium, the chief
field of production being in the vicinity of Ghent, as well as all gloxinias.
Ghent is also a large producer of palms, araucarias, azaleas, bay trees and
numerous other decorative plants for export. Many of these are bought
in the south of France, grown for a short time and re-sold to countries
in the north of Europe and to the United States. There are probably about
fifteen million of tuberous-rooted begonias produced annually and sold in
Belgium, and from one and half to two million gloxinias. Of the bay trees
the finest specimens are secured by Russia, where they are used for the
decoration of the imperial palaces, particularly that of Petrof, where they
are used in the Summer to line avenues and in the Winter in the palace
corridors.

In Russia large numbers of magnificent palms are also kept in the
greenhouses for the decoration of the palaces in Winter. Not many flowers
are produced on account of the shortness of the day and the consequent
lack of sunshine. But with the good supply of decorative plants it is art
easy matter to get flowers from France and Italy, to give color to the
decorations. The so-called "Black Rose" of Russia is a myth. I inquired
for it of the gardeners at the various imperial palaces, and found that the
Empress, who is very fond of dark-colored roses, has made liberal use of
Prince Camille de Rohan ; and I was assured by the gardener who arranges
the flowers for the imperial table that nothing more black than this variety
has ever been employed or seen by him. One of the favorite roses of the
Czarina is Papa Gontier, and this is largely grown as well as the Perle des
Jardins. The grounds at Petrof are admirably laid out. and there is a great
deal of grandeur and dignity in their arrangement. The fountains are
marvelous, and they wonderfully enliven the various landscapes. We have
reason to believe that Russia will be able to give us many additions to our
hardy plants. These will doubtless come from Eastern Siberia and moun-
tainous regions like the Caucasus. Several splendid varieties have already
come, and there are in the Botanic Gardens of St. Petersburg numerous
composite which may become valuable when they have been somewhat im-
proved by cultivation and selection.

The lecturer said that time would not permit him to stop to speak of the
great seed farms of Germany, some of them covering five thousand acres,
and one even having an area of nine thousand acres, or about thirty times
the area of Franklin Park in Boston, and giving employment to about fifteen
hundred men and women. It was due to Germany to say that she has
performed an important part in the progress of horticulture. We owe to
her many of our fine selections, such as asters, marigolds, zinnias, antir-
rhinums, balsams and many other annuals, while it would be difficult to-day
to obtain a complete collection of perennial seeds without her aid. This is

60 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

due to the patient persistence of the German character. Her fields are more
carefully cultivated than those of any country. The women do a large share
of the work. The fact that the fields have the care and supervision of both
sides of the household accounts for their excellent condition. We are in-
debted to Germany for supplies of natural grasses with which to make our
best lawns and pastures. Every gardener and florist knows that a good
lawn suitably framed about with trees and shrubs is the foundation of a
beautiful landscape.

Passing into Holland we find the same persistent, patient perseverance
that characterizes the German, but it runs in other directions. We find the
great nurseries of Holland, occupying land much below the sea level, filled
with stock grown for all the markets of Europe as well as for that of the
United States. Her exports of nursery stock aggregate about $3,000,000,
of which we take less than one-sixth part. Great Britain takes about one-
half the crop. The exports of bulbs reach about $4,000,000, of which Great
Britain also takes half; the United States coming next and taking less than
hah" a million dollars' worth. Germany follows, taking about $300,000 worth.
Norway and Sweden together take about as much as France, or about
$150,000 worth. We are enlarging our imports of bulbs more rapidly than
any other nation.

On account of the great amount of hand labor involved in the cultiva-
tion of grasses, it is not likely that we shall be able to raise these profitably
in this country ; but there is no reason why we should not grow our own
tulips and narcissi. This should be done by our foreigners, particularly
by those who are not situated conveniently for markets. They could devote
their attention to the raising of these bulbs. With ordinary care there
should be no more difficulty in disposing of them than there would be of
a crop of cabbages ; and the return should be much greater. I would suggest
that those who enter upon this industry should cultivate the varieties which
are now more extensively used, such as tulips. Cottage Maid, Kaiserkroon,
Yellow Prince, Doosart, the Pottebakker varieties, Proserpine, Prince of
Austria, Vermilion Brilliant, Double Murillo, Le Blason and the Tournesols.
Of daffodils I would suggest Trumpet Major or Spurious, which is a better
form; Emperor, Empress, Barrii Conspicuus and other large forms. There
would be no difficulty in finding a market for good bulbs of these varieties ;
and the lecturer ventured to say that when the competition shall become
keener, forcing the horticulturists to seek new avenues of industry, there
will be substantial profits made by entering upon and pursuing the cultivation
of these bulbs. With hyacinths it is perhaps otherwise ; there is too much
hand labor involved to give prospect of a profit.

In the production of lilies, with the exception of a few species, Holland
can hardly be said to hold her own. The lecturer knew of no better place
to produce these than among these very hills around Asheville. Lilies need
better drainage than is afforded by river bottoms. In the mountain areas,
where there is ample rainfall, abundant and free drainage, better success
will be obtained. There is ample opportunity fnr the farmers or other

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 61

growers in this country to enter upon the cultivation in a large way of
such lilies as auratum, Batemanii, Kramerii, lancifolium varieties and longi-
fiorum. There is no reason why these should not be as profitable to the
American grower as to the cultivator in any other country. The soil of
these Asheville hills is almost identical with that of the best cultured
regions of Japan.

The lecturer also remarked that it was pleasing to note the improved
quality of Bermuda lilies this year. They are being shipped to us in August,
in place of early July, with the result that we are getting matured bulbs
of firm texture and which have developed a decidedly yellow color. We
know, too, that the scales of these bulbs clasp more closely or are inclined
mward more closely, at the tips, than the immatured bulbs of former years.
This also denotes better development and maturity. We see no reason why
there need be any shortage in the supply of lilies of the longiflorum type,
of good quality, for forcing at all seasons, provided they are allowed to ripen.
There is nothing gained by attempting to force immature bulbs from any
source. Let the bulbs from Bermuda remain in the ground until August.
L,et those from Northern Japan remain until well through September, and
let the purchaser refuse the stock of those who advertise shipments that
are nnduly early, and we shall have done much to guard ourselves against
loss by disease in lilies.

If freight rates were better there is probably no section of the globe
better adapted to the production of these lilies than that of Olaa in the
Island cf Hawaii, where three crops can be obtained in a year; and, as
one month of the year is like another, the seasons of planting and harvest
are in the control of the cultivator.

China, as yet, has given us little ; but as we move through the busy
city of Canton and up along the great river on which it is situated, we find
beds of the Chinese Sacred Lily being grown for expert, in the rich alluvia
which the river has deposited. We must not think, however, that because
we receive few supplies from China the Chinese are not skillful jjoth in culti-
vation and in landscape art. I have seen beautiful private gardens in tht
leading Chinese cities, that are not eclipsed in beauty of arrangement or in
interest by those of other countries. It is true that we do not find large
flower stores as with us. The flowers are sold on the streets, but the made-
up wreaths, bouquets and other designs which one sees will hold their own
with the products of our florists. A curious feature in some Chinese nurseries
is the cultivation of miniature plants in the human form and in providing
these oddities with heads, hands and feet formed of chinaware. (A picture
was here shown, illustrating rows of these plants as grown in pots and in
numerous nurseries.) The variety of decorative plants is endless; and
among those planted for bedding purposes we note numerous amaranthuses
and marigolds — the latter a favorite flower of the Chinese. Valuable addi-
tions to our flower and decorative plants will doubtless be made from the
unexplored regions of China, Thibet and Eastern Russia.

Any attempt to describe the great horticultural supply producing countries

62 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

would necessarily be incomplete without a reference to that country which
has given us of plants indigenous to her more abundantly than any other
for all horticultural purposes. The amateur, the private gardener, the florist
and the landscape gardener are all greatly indebted to Japan. Her magnifi-
cent lilies, her vast number of herbaceous perennials, her spiraeas, her camel-
lias, her bamboos, her numerous shrubs, her magnificent conifers, vines and
trees far outnumber the contributions of any other country.

THIRD DAY-MORNING.

The Convention met at ten o'clock A. JNI. ; Vice-President Deake
in the Chair.

Announcement was immediately made of the opening of the polls
for the election of officers and that they would remain open until
twelve o'clock. J. G. Esler, Harry Balsley, and Henry Eich-
HOLZ were appointed tellers. Members were invited to deposit
their ballots.

The report of the Judges on Florists' Supplies in the Trade
Exhibition (which had been withdrawn on the previous day for
revision) was presented by Mr. Wm. M. Lindsay and was read by
Secretary Stewart.

On motion of Mr. H. A. Siebrecht, the report was received
and filed.

possibilities of bulb culture in north CAROLINA.

The Secretary announced that a paper on this subject, prepared
by Prof. W. F. Massey, of Raleigh, N. C, had been received. He
explained that the reading of the paper had been appointed for the
session of the previous day, but it had been deferred on account
of the absence of its author. He then read a letter just received
from Prof. Massey, explaining the absence of that gentleman.

On motion of Mr. H. A. Siebrecht, the reading of the paper
was dispensed with at this time, as it was quite voluminous, and it

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 63

was ordered that it be incorporated in the official report of the pro-
ceedings of the Society :

Prof. Massey's paper was as follow^s :

As is well known, eastern North Carolina along the Coast Line Railroad
has for a number of years been the source of supply for tuberose bulbs in
this country. The culture of these bulbs was for years quite a profitable
one, and the work is still carried on with a decreased demand and lower
prices.

A few years ago, as part of my work as Horticulturist of the North
Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, I began to experiment with
other bulbs in the hope of extending the bulb industry and adding something
of a more profitable character, and capable of a greater extension than
the culture of the tuberose alone. Knowing the immense quantities of
Roman hyacinths and Candidum lilies imported from France and elsewhere,
and the larger amount of the importation of the Bermuda lily and sundry
of the Narcissus family, I began work mainly with these. I wish, however,
to state that whatever of success I have had in these experiments has been
due to the liberality of the trade, and especially of the house of Peter
Henderson & Co., in furnishing me with stock for the work, since not a
cent has been appropriated by the North Carolina Station for the work,
and the sales, though small, have always paid the labor bill.

I have also been handicapped by the fact that all of my work has been
on a soil poorly adapted to the culture of these bulbs. Our hilly clay soil
about Raleigh dries out with greater rapidity during the Summer than any
soil of a clayey nature I have ever seen, and the long periods of drought
to which we are subjected make the culture of bulbs a very uncertain matter.
Hence one of the chief facts I have ascertained is that the section about
Raleigh and all that known as the lower Piedmont country east of the
Occoneechee hills furnishes few if any places for the successful culture of
bulbs with the exception of the Narcissi and the Italian hyacinth, though in
the moist and fertile bottom lands the Candidum lily will make fine bulbs.
In my first experiments at the North Carolina Station I was furnished with
quite a lot of Candidums, and when these were returned to New York they
were pronounced the finest bulbs ever sent there. Since then I have been
endeavoring with poor success to get up a stock of the Candidum lily. Soil
or method or both have been against me, for I find it very hard to increase
them with any rapidity. My first experiments with the Bermuda lily were
very badly handicapped by the presence of the disease prevalent in the
island, and I have been mainly engaged in getting rid of that. I have now
succeeded in clearing my stock of the disease, and had none this year,
though the crop is a failure by reason of drought and great heat. This will
be shown by the. size of the bulbs I have brought for exhibition, which are
here mainly to illustrate a failure and not a success. Still, I am not dis-
couraged about the future of the Bermuda lily in North Carolina, except

64 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

in the section where I have been working, in which I feel sure they will
never be a success. That the climate is not unfavorable was shown some
years ago. I received in December a large lot of bulbs of this lily which
were. left over the season's sales. They had started in the cases and had
long white shoots on every bulb. Of course, in planting them at that season
of the year I had to plant deep enough to cover these stems. They lived
and grew, and, so far as the top growth was concerned, they looked ex-
tremely fine till ripening time. When lifted, I found that the original bulbs
had not increased in size, if they had not really diminished, and above the
bulbs were long ropes of offsets which the plants had been mainly engaged
in making. At this time I had gotten possession of far better soil on my
private grounds, and I removed the lily and other bulb work to my own
grounds and abandoned it at the station farm, which was manifestly too
poor and stiff for the work. With soil of fine fertility I hoped for better
results. But here again I have been met with the ever-recurring drought,
and have finally come to the conclusion that the Bermuda lily, while destined
to be a success in North Carolina, must be grown in the same sections where
the tuberoses are grown. We have in that section level black peaty soils that
can be well drained, and in many places are already well drained and planted
in great fields of strawberries, which will make ideal soils for the lily, being
in a mild Winter climate, and a soil perennially moist. Some years ago the
Department of Agriculture in Washington became interested in the Bermuda
lily culture, and the Secretary asked me to experiment with bulbs sent me
from the Department. I replied that I probably had already more stock
than the Department had. but that I thought it would be well to try an
experiment in the soils I have indicated in the Eastern coast plain. I cau-
tioned them, however, not to have the bulbs planted till November, so as to
avoid an untimely growth, though I have had them live here with green
tops all Winter. I named a man to make the experiment, and one of the
men from the Department came down to show him how to plant. The bulbs
were set the first of October and at once mulched with pine leaves. The
result was a lot of blanched white stems under the mulch before cold weather
set in and destruction later. Had the bulbs been planted later and without
any mulch this tender and untimely growth would not have taken place.
Our soil never freezes deep enough to injure the lilies if allowed to be in
natural conditions, and a mulch is always fatal. I am sending bulbs to
Florida this Fall for planting, to a gentleman who even there lost his under
similar conditions. I have grown even at Raleigh better Harrisii lily bulbs
than those I have shown here to-day, these being, as I have said, an exhibit
of a failure. Still, one learns even by failure, and. in fact, often more than
by success. I have found that while the lily does not tolerate animal manures
in contact with the bulbs, the commercial fertilizers can be used as heavily
as in the growing of an onion crop, and the same may be said of all the
other bulbs, except that the narcissi do not object to well-rotted manure
and the hyacinths like it about as well as fertilizers. Finally, on the lily:
There is not in my mind the slightest doubt that Candidums can be grown

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 65

here to as great perfection as anywhere, and that in the moist peatj' soils
of the Eastern section the Harrisii and the Longiflorum can be grown to as
great perfection as elsewhere, and the first who invest in it will be able to
establish a remunerative business with these and other bulbs.

All the narcissu.s family thrive in Norih Caroline to perfection. The
Polyanthus and Tazetta section are not tender here when planted at the
right time. When set too early, these grow at once and ihe tops are subjected
afterward to our coldest weather, and will be cut down. Planted in Novem.
ber or December they grow with the advancing Spring tune and do well.
Several years ago I remarked to a New York dealer that we could grow
the Chinese Sacred Lily as well as the imported ones. "But," said he, "they
will not bloom in water like the Chinese, for we had some grown in Bermuda
which would not do so. The Chinese seem to have some secret art about it."
I did not agree with this statement, and asked him to let me have a few
Chinese bulbs to take home and test alongside of mine. I placed the Chinese
Inilbs and mine in water the same day and set them in the greenhouse.
.Mine were in full bloom before the Chinese had opened a flower, and I sent
u photograph of the two to New York. Still, at the price these bulbs are
imported T am net sure that there would be much profit in trying to compete
will) the Chinaman.

The Double Von Sion narcissus, which, when first received from abroad
some years ago, made nothing but greenish abortions of flowers, has grad-
ually been improving, till now in the open ground the blooms are nearly
clear from green, and under glass are perfect. The Paper White narcissus,
as will be seen from the bulbs shown by me, does exceedingly well here,
and this with all the others of the narcissus family will do still better in
the moist soils of the East. One of the most uncertain bulbs in this part
of the state is the Roman hyacinth. In some seasons, when the Winters
are cold, we can grow them quite well. But in our ordinary mild Winters
it is hard to grow them well. Late planting is to some extent a preventive
of damage, but not always. If cold weather sets in early and we miss the
warm spells in Winter, they do exceedingly well. But ordinarily the bulbs
are in bloom by Christmas or sooner in the open ground, and then the
growing tops are exposed to our most severe weather in January and early
February, and it sometimes gets cold enough to freeze the tops off. The
fertile bottom lands of the mountain section like those along the French
Broad are, I believe, the lands for the Roman hyacinth. Planted there in
November, they would not show growth till Spring and would have the
long, cool Spring of the mountains to mature their growth. Candidum lilies
would do well in the same localities. The White Italian hyacinth, on the
contrary, does finely here, since it never makes the precocious growth of the
Roman. I have a few of these, as well as the Romans, to show. The last
Winter was unusually favorable to the Romans. Cold weather set in in
December and the Winter was not characterized by the usual warm spells
which at times force our fruit trees into bloom in January and February.
It was uniformly cold for the latitude, and the Romans did not bloom till

66 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

late February and ripened fairly well. Some years ago 1 tried the growing
of the Roman hyacinth in the dry, sandy soil at Southern Pines. They
came through the Winter all right, but hot weather set in early and the
sandy soil got very warm, so that the bulbs ripened prematurely. When
sent North it was found that in forcing they came into bloom some time
ahead of the imported bulbs, but the spikes were small. The reason for this
was evidently the premature ripening in the hot sandy soil. A grower of
tuberoses in eastern North Carolina some years ago tried the Romans. I
happened to be at his house in the late Spring, and he showed me the bulbs.
They were as fine as I ever saw. But he had allowed the tops to decay
un the bulbs before lifting, and, as I said to him at the time, that I feared
he had spoiled them, and that they would gum. And gum they did, and
the grower was so discouraged that he never tried any more Romans.

I have never failed to have excellent results with the gladiolus. Corms
of one season from the seed uniformly bloom. This Spring I planted a large
lot of offsets from the base of the bulbs of a lot of Grofif's Hybrid Gladiolus.
These bulblets, averaging the size of peas and smaller, have bloomed to a
very large proportion. Still, the development in the North in the production
of gladioli is such that it is hardly worth while for our people to undertake
it. Cannas, though not properly bulbs any more tlian the gladiolus, are being
grown to a very considerable extent on contract by the tuberose growers,
and the production of Caladium esculentum has rapidly increased with the
same growers, and the culture has been found more profitable than that of
the tuberose.

Sternbergia lutea. which T also show\ will do well if planted at the
proper time in August or early 'September. But the dealers very generally
put them in their Fall catalogues. Since these and the Nerines bloom in
late September and October before the foliage appears, it is easy to see that
bulb planted in October or later are certain to fail and disappoint the buyer.
The Sternbergias are hardy all over the country.

The Nerines or Guernsey lilies are very satisfactory here if properly
treated. They, like the Sternbergias, must be planted in August for the best
results. A clump of these, allowed to remain for years in the same place
in tlie herbaceous border, will make a very interesting display of blooms in
the Fall when its only companion among the bulbs is the Sternbergia, or
the Colchicum. One of the plants for which there is some demand, but which
I have never been as yet able to meet, is the Spotted Leaf Calla. The plant
is perfectly hardy with us, and we commonly cut the tubers like potatoes
or caladiums and plant them in the Fall. There is no particular advantage
in the Fall planting except to get them out of the way. and dealers can
easily keep them till Spring for sale.

In the same moist soils of the eastern section where the lilies will do
best we believe that the ordinary Calla would thrive and perhaps compete
with California. Arum sanctum is also perfectly hardy here, and Avhatever
demand there is for it may be easily met.

But of all the bulbs I have grown none has given me greater satisfaction

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 67

or more profitable results than the Amaryllis Johnsonii. Being naturally
evergreen bulbs, we find that those used for blooming in the greenhouse in
Winter and planted out in the Spring make the finest bulbs in the same
length of time. But ordinarily the bulbs left in the ground and protected
by a good mulch will grow magnificently. I have bulbs now blooming freely
in the open ground which bloomed profusely in the greenhouse last Winter.
For the small number I had to start with, the increase of stock of Amaryllis
Johnsonii has been very rapid.

Crinuni Americanum makes immense clumps in the old gardens where
it has been undisturbed for a generation, and it may well be grown in a gen-
eral collection. There are doubtless many others of the Hippeastrums, as
the section to which the Johnsonii belongs is more properly called, which
could be grown here with as much success.

Another point in the possibilities of bulb culture in North Carolina
is the production of the flowers far more cheaply in Winter than in the
North. The Roman hyacinth and most of the narcissus varieties of the
earlier class bloom here in the open ground from Christmas to March, often
in full bloom in Februar}-. But these blooms are liable to sudden injury
by the return of frost. But it has been found in my experience that a simple
sash with a mat for the coldest weather will keep entirely out any frost
we have. In such a frame \\« can bloom any of the early narcissi, the freesias,.
tulips, and 1 have cut very fair crops of carnations from such a frame made
a little higher than for the bulbs. The ease and cheapness with which these
flowers are produced, and the rapid transportation now at hand, will enable
the North Carolina growers to put the blooms on the market for prices
with which the grower in heated houses North cannot compete. The good
shape in which flowers are often sent South by commission men in New
York shows that freshly cut blooms could be sent in fine condition from
here, and that the Northern florists may in the future find it to their ad-
vantage to use the Southern bulb blooms rather than grow them. But there
would here also be the same danger that the grower of bulbs in the South
would be competing with his own customers, and if he is growing bulbs for
the North he should not try to produce the flowers in competition. But,
nevertheless, there is certain to arise a trade of this sort in the hands of
those whose sole interest is in the cut blooms. In growing bulb flowers
in our frames we have an advantage over the forcer under artificial conditions
in the fact that we can have surplus frames, and after the flowers are cut
the sashes can be removed for other use and the bulbs left to fully mature,
and thus annually improve instead of being thrown away.

In conclusion, I would say that while the cultivation of some of the
florist bulbs is still in the experimental stage here, enough has been shown
to prove that with many things there is a wide field for profitable culture
in North Carolina. While all the bulbs will not do equally well in one
locality, there are other sections where some of the bulbs can be grown
to perfection.

The bulb that is exciting the greatest interest, the Bermuda Lily, wiU

68 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

yet be produced commercially in North Carolina, I feel sure. I shall transfer
these this Fall to the Coast plain, and believe that full success will soon
be attained there. The humid climate of the low Coast region will have a far
better effect on the bulbs than the dry air and soil of the hills about the
city of Raleigh. This characteristic of the coastal climate is shown with
other things as well as bulbs. In all the Coast plain and considerably north
of the latitude of Raleigh, Gardenia florida attains almost a tree-like stature
in the 9^1, while at Raleigh it barely survives the Winter when protected
by green pine boughs. Still, there will not be two degrees difference in the
actual temperature. Snow is more common near the coast than at Raleigh,
and the protective influence of snow is well known, and the reason for its
greater abundance in the Coast plain is the greater humidity of the air.
Predicting merely from what has been ascertained, I venture to say that in the
future eastern North Carolina will be largely devoted to bulb culture and
in greater variety than now. The culture of Roman hyacinths and Candidum
lilies will center in the elevated mountain valleys where the conditions of
soil and climate are all favorable to these.

It may be wondered that I have said nothing in regard to the Dutch
hyacinths. These will naturally seek the same region as the Romans, though
very good bulbs have been produced in the warmer parts of the state. They
Tiave been produced in the North, too, but untii we are willing to devote
the same intense cultivation to our soil that the Dutch do, we will always
te surpassed by them in this particular line. Climate and soil have a great
deal to do with the products of a country, but the skill of the cultivators
lias a great deal more to do with it, for this will render a culture a success
often in unfavorable natural conditions. The Almighty has done so much
for the soil and climate of eastern North Carolina, and it is so easy for the
cultivator of the soil to make a living, that they have not the same incentive
to intensive culture as those who have had to fight through great natural
obstacles to success. With the investment of capital accompanied by skilled
cultivators the growers of eastern North Carolina will be found quick to
learn and adopt improved methods. While I have said little that is perhaps
especially encouraging, I trust that those who are patriotically interested
in developing the productions of our country will take hold of this industry
and carry it to success.

On motion of Mr. H. B. Beatty, a vote of thanks was tendered
to Prof. Massey for his paper.

MARKETING CUT FLOWERS — AT WHOLESALE.

The President pro tern, announced, as the first subject for dis-
cussion this morning, a paper prepared by INIr. Edgar Sanders,
of Chicago, on "Marketing Cut Flowers — At Wholesale." He
stated that, in the absence of Mr. Sanders, who was ill at home.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 69

Mr. J. F. Sullivan, of Detroit, Mich., had kindly offered to read
the paper.

On motion of Mr. H. A. Siebrecht (who explained that the
balloting now proceeding would prevent many members from hear-
ing the paper and that they could have an opportunity of reading
it in the official report) it was ordered that the reading be dispensed
with and the paper incorporated in the published proceedings of
the Society. *

A vote of thanks to Mr. Sanders was included in the motion.

(The paper is here inserted as follows.)

When I accepted the request of Secretary Stewart to say something on the
conditions and growth of the business of the wholesale florists of this country,
to use a homely expression, I thought it would be as easy as "rolling off
a log." Of the Chicagq end of the effort I had no doubts, and supposed all
I had to do, outside of printed authorities, was to apply to the proper parties,
and the thing was accomplished. In a measure this did not fail me ; but the
stumbling block I struck was in wdiat are called co-operative concerns. From
some cause this failed me, and yet, in my humble opinion, this is a field,
rightly constructed, that is fraught with much good, especially in cities of
moderate size, and, as it has proved, even in those of the largest size, as
witness New York, though yet in no way disparaging the value of the regu-
lar commission and wholesale grower-dealers as we find them to-day. You
cannot get back to the old ways if you would ; nor would thoughtful business
men do so, if they could.

The general tendency of the times in the price of florists' products, in-
cluding staple flowers, like other products of labor, is to average lower and
lower. To meet these conditions greater combinations of capital are invested
• — more and more given for the dollar. In the growing and selling, smaller
profits and larger sales are the rule. If the output of the wholesale man
has enormously increased, so have his expenses. He could not make his
salt, did he sell no more at present day prices than he sold in the early stages
of the business. Out of his 15 per cent, commission have to come heavy
rentals ; expensive cold storage ; appliances ; boxes ; carefully ice-packed pack-
ages secure against heat and cold, with no charge therefor; large advertising
and labor bills ; besides no end of sundries he finds absolutely necessary
through severe competition.

The old order of things changes, giving place to the new, in the florist's
business no less than in others. Time was (and that within my knowledge)
W'hen there was but one stage in the entire business. The man with his
greenhouse took an order for bouquets ; sometimes made them up on specula-
tion at his greenhouse, then delivered them to his customer direct, or peddled

70 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

them, as the case miglu be. Xext came the tiuuer store, hrst with a green-
house attached; then simply a store; and the retail florist as we know him
to-day came into existence. As the demand increased, those who had no
stores began to supply such as had, either with or without greenhouses, then
the "grower" became another division.

For many years, if this store man wanted extra flowers, he had to send to
the greenhouses for them ; these were often scattered long distances apart,
and a sorry job he found it, hunting for his supplies. Presently the grower
employed a carrier who began to make the rounds of the stores with baskets,
or wagons, peddling the stock he had to sell. 3tems of the flowers in early
days were no object ; the bouquet maker made his own stems, so the
grower, or his agent, could carry quite a supply of flowers in a pretty small
package and make the rounds of the retail stores with such stock as he had
to dispose of.

In the course of time some grower began to be noted for choice stock.
On the way to the market the retail men used to meet the grower at a half-
way house and lighten him of his load. This it seems was notably so with
the stock of John Henderson, of Flushing, N. Y.. and "Jem Johnson.'' Mr.
Henderson's carrier, became a noted person. Other carriers followed John-
son's method of lightening their load and the Thirty-fourth street market
became a regular rendezvous, and ultimately a co-operative concern of many
growers.

In Boston a similar condition of things led to similar results. But I am
anticipating.

The increased used of flowers grows apace, and growers make great
efforts to meet the demand. The short-stemmed blooms give place to the
long-stemmed ones, they require better handling and are more burdensome to
carry around, to say nothing of the great expense and inconvenience of this
system and its peddling nature.

Some shrewd men buy of these growers outright and sell to the retailer;
others hold unsold stock and sell on a commission. But this proves unsatis-
factory, and it is not long before the advent of the wholesale florist dealer,
or commission man, occurs ; he opens a store, solicits consignments, and sells
on a commission basis of 15 per cent, of the value of goods sold; and we come
to the latest factor into which the word "florist" is now divided, which,
however, at this later day has assumed many forms, as may appear as we
get farther along.

Modest as this wholesale man was in the first inception as an entity,
he is by no means so now^ In the flower trade the grower may be likened
to the farmer; the wholesale florist to the board of trade, or counting house,
that sets up the machinery to move the crops; the middle man, if j'ou will,
and like all middle men, whether they deserve it or not, sometimes, as the
old saying goes, "gets more kicks than ha'-pence." But you cannot now
dispense with his services, if you would. The busy wholesale centers, like
New York and Chicago particularly, would convince any man of this fact.
The wholesaler has two distinct classes to deal wMth — the local or home

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 71

buyer, who sees, or may see, the flowers he purchases; and the out-of-town
buyer who depends upon his shipper for the quality of the flowers he orders.
This shipping trade brought to its present system by shrewd business
men, cuts a very important figure in the florist industry, which never could
have been handled or worked up in the way it is now, without the aid of the
middle man. To make a lively wholesale market needs, first, abundant
growers to draw supplies from, and retail florists doing business within
easy distance to look for their supplies. Second, a contributory region for
shipping purposes, and the less this region is interfered with by other large
cities or centers (where other wholesalers will start if they can), the better
and faster will grow the trade. In this respect, Chicago, as a center, now and
for years to come stands without a peer, not excepting New York and its
vast contiguous population, that has Boston on its east, and Philadelphia
south, almost within the distance that Chicago draws its supplies from. The
East looks populous and is so, but is a narrow strip of land on the Atlantic
slope compared to the country that Chicago represents, which actually con-
tains four-fifths of the people of the United States. Is there any wonder at
its phenomenal growth in the flower industry?

WHAT THE WHOLESALE FLORIST STANDS FOR.

The wholesale florists, as a body, although numbering, all told, in all the
chief cities of the country at the present time, under one hundred firms (to
be exact, just eighty firms), from the very conditions of that business are
more in evidence, and make a greater noise in the florists' world, use more
strenuous means to find customers and a sale for flowers grown in the country,
than all other florists or means combined. In 1896 there were 9,528 firms, in
divisions, as shown by the Florists' Directory of that year, in all classes ;
there are at least 12,000 at the present day. In large cities an army of street
peddlers and the like, in case of gluts, dispose of a big proportion of the cut
flowers sent to the market ; many of these street merchants, however, are
not listed in either city or trade directories.

How many millions of dollars represent the cut flower product of this
country? Who knows? Do you? It might be answered that the Census Re-
port for the year 1900 tells us the total cut flower sales then were $14,175,328.01,
figuring it down to a very fine point surely. But ten years later, according
to the next census, as given us by Dr. B. T. Galloway in the Yearbook of the
Department of Agriculture for 1899, and at the New York con-
vention in 1900, the estimate was but $12,500,000. Are these figures
estimated on the same basis, representing, first, cost of the flowers,
say, returned to the grower onlj' ; or does one represent the profits
added of the wholesaler and retailer to the end? Ordinarily, there is a wide
discrepancy in the very nature of the business between what the grower gets
in cold cash for his flowers and what the consumer pays in the final round
up. I will further say, from first to last — there is now an army of people
engaged in making profit in selling flowers alone ; that they will continue
to increase as long as the country grows and there is money in it for those

72 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

who keep abreast of the times. Every country and every city has its .own
ways of doing business, differing more or less from each other ; it is so in
the wholesale flower trade, there is but one Covent Garden coster and his
cart; but one Paris flower market; but one New York and one Chicago.

THE WHOLES.\LE FI.OKIST's BIRTH.

The wholesale florist is but little more than a quarter of a century old, New
York having the honor of his inauguration about the year 1875. Boston and
Chicago followed suit soon after.

No farther back than a quarter of a century, we have no good data to go
by. This was ten years before the S. A. F., now a prosperous society, was
organized. The first trade paper came at the same time, and the American
Florist Directory three years after that, or 1888. From this on we have some
tangible records to go by as to the growth of each of the divisions of the
florist's calling.

In the year 1890, or twelve years ago. New York was credited with fifteen
wholesale florists; Boston with four; Chicago and Philadelphia with three
each; Brooklyn, St. Louis, New York. New Jersey. Cincinnati and Milwaukee
one each ; a total of thirty-one firms. In 1896 the total had increased to half
a hundred, while the present showing is, eighty firms occupying bona fide
stores, and excluding individual growers who have stands and sell their own
flowers at wholesale with those of others, or who rent the stores as co-
operative bodies. In the last decade New York has just doubled its number
from 15 to 30; Chicago has risen from 3 to 15 ; Philadelphia to 9; Boston seems
to have settled down to 4; other cities like Denver, Detroit, Minneapolis, Buf-
falo, Cincinnati, Pittsburg and Providence, R. I., all are going through the
early stages of established wholesale, or co-operative stores.

The ratio of city population to wholesale flower stores is in New York
one in 114,573; Chicago, 106,161; Boston, 112,172; St. Louis, 119,746. Balti-
more, Vith its population of 508,957, gets along with one wholesale depot, and
that co-operative. Pittsburg, with 352.387 population, with one. In the case of
other cities, the lowest, Minneapolis, with 101,354, up to Detroit, with 285.704;
this, by the way. being co-operative, also. The cities of Philadelphia and Balti-
more have the credit of continuing in the old order of things later than any
of the other larger cities, in that a large part of the best growers are still
selling direct by wagon and their own carriers; but. I understand, there are
signs of a change in Philadelphia to a new order of things, either in the form
of a market, or perhaps co-operative, or both.

E.\CH city's story.

In what I will say on this subject, here let it be understood that I claim no
originality, hence expect no suits for plagiarism, as was the case of S. E.
Gross, of my city, against the doughty French author of Cyrano. I am no
millionaire and could not stand the riflfle. so that if sundry persons in dif-
ferent parts of the country find what follows has a sort of familiar sound, it
is explainable in my inability to clothe the information in better words than I

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 73

received it. I make this acknowledgment in place of giving the names of
my informants, }et, that "he who runs may read."

New York, now "^Manhattan," the "Empire City" then, let me begin with.
As 1 before stated, the year 1875 seems to be settled on as the date when the
actual wholesale commission man first made his appearance in New York, or
the country; but prior to that, one William Russell, of Jersey City, bought
up large quantities of cut flowers from several growers, also receiving con-
signments from Connecticut, and holding the stock for orders in Wilson's
flower store, on Fourteenth street, selling directly to the retailer. A year or
two later, jNIr. Jas. Hart, still in the business, began to sell camellias for
Gabriel Marc, of Woodside, L. I., on a 25 per cent, commission, afterwards
being employed by the largest rose growers in the vicinity to dispose of their
stock in a similar way, thus showing in an unmistakable manner the need of
a middle man who was about to appear. In the next step, it seems, the late
Jas. S. Allen began in selling the flowers raised by his father, C. L. Allen, and
those of Wm. C. Wilson and others, and he is considered to be the first man
to reduce the cut flower commission business in New York City to a sys-
tematic basis.

In 1890 we find the following firms designated under the wholesale florist
■class, as soliciting custom : J. K. Allen, 106 W. 24th street ; W. S. Allen, 36 E.
23d street; A. A. Copin, 11 W. 14th street; Copin Bros., 4th avenue and 35th
street; W. H. Gunther, 6th avenue and 42d street; Hammond & Hunter, 51 W.
30tli street: Jas. Hart, iii W. 30th street; Edw. C. Horan, 36 W. 29th street j
John r^Iuller, 113 W. 30th street; John B. Nugent, Jr., 59 W. 24th street; J. J.
Perkins & Co., 43d street and 6th avenue; Jas. Purdy, 109 W. 41st street;
Theo. Roehrs, 153 W. 31st street; Ross & ]\Iillang, 1168 Broadway; W. F.
Sheridan. 50 W. 30th street, and Thos. Young, Jr., 20 W. 24th street.

Of these concerns both the Aliens and Messrs. Hammond, Hart, Horan,
Perkins, Purdy, Sheridan, Young and Frank Millang, of Ross & Alillang, are
among the thirty firms still doing business in the same lines.

In the early days when the old Bon Silene rose or "Boston bud" was
known from one end of the country to the other, a thousand roses in the mar-
ket was more thought of than a hundred thousand now; and the New York
wholesale florists are now supposed to turn over stock to the amount of be-
tween two and three million dollars, as against $400,000 in 1867.

The center of New York City's wholesale cut flower trade to-day is be-
tween 26th and 34th streets, inclusive, between Broadway and Sixth and
Eighth avenues. Of the thirty firms, eleven are now on 28th street, eight on
30th, four each on 26th and 29th, two now as high as 34th and one on
27th street, a wide distribution, when compared with Chicago, with its con-
centrated wholesale center.

The wholesale' florist's business of New York seems mainly done on the
consignment or commission basis; and the regulation 15 per cent, commission.

The co-operative "Cut Flower Exchange" grew out of the restaurant
headquarters near the 34th street ferry, where the growers' carriers congre-
gated until the year 1892, when a corporation was formed, and a building

74 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

secured in the same locality, stands being rented at the rate of 65c. per lineal
foot to members, 750. to others. The average sales are nearly $100,000, the
market being over by eight o'clock in the morning. There are 150 members
of the Exchange, 50 others who rent stands only, with a number of commis-
sion men who do business here in the early hours of the morning; these lat-
ter pay an entrance fee of $15 each, besides the rental. The Cut Flower Ex-
change has paid a 10 per cent, dividend on the investment.

In 1891 the New York Cut Flower Company was formed by a number of
prominent growers selling their own products and those of some producers
on commission, at the time of starting. This company was claimed to
represent a yearly output of $750,000 worth of cut flowers and was the first
to grade roses, as known now, into fancy special, extra. No. i and No. 2. re-
spectively.

The first of these co-operative concerns in May this year also moved into
the Coogan Building, corner of 26th street and Sixth avenue, and the memor-
able headquarters so long known at the 34th street ferry are left to A. Herr-
mann and a few of the Long Island growers who still stick by the old stand.

CHIC.\G0 STARTS.

Chicago comes next to New York in the time of starting, and in the num-
ber of wholesale firms doing business. To J. C. Vaughan. the seedsman, must
be given the credit for the inception of this branch in Chicago. It had its
origin in some of Mr. Vaughan's customers sending in boxes of flowers for
him to sell ; he despatching one of his young men to the retail stores, found
it easy to do so. The news spread ; other consignments arrived, and pretty
soon O. W. Frese, his young man, was making regular daily visits, first with
a basket, then, as supplies increased, with a horse and buggy, when regular
rounds were made all over the city. In short order it was found that these
supplies were the very thing the retail stores were after, and a wholesale
flower department was added to 'Slv. Vaughan's business. This was run very
successfully until the year 1889, when the late E. H. Hunt bought it out and
started on East Lake street. Mr. Hunt's house is still in existence, with
a large supply department added.

In 1884 the Kennicott Bros, opened the first wholesale flower store, alone,
in a space of 8 feet square. This business grew apace ; in 1892 a stock com-
pany was formed, the name changed to Kennicott Bros. Company, the Piesers
became interested ; and the firm has now 7,000 feet of salesroom and is doing
one of the largest wholesale commission florist's business^ in the city, if not
in the country.

Since Chicago's first start, it, like its sister cities, has seen lots of changes
in the men who essayed the way, as well as the methods under which the
business is conducted. Some men and firms in the fourteen years have
dropped by the wayside, some of the men once in the swim are now man-
agers for others, in the survival of the fittest. The wholesale district \» now
centered in and near the corners of Wabash avenue and Randolph street,

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 75

the Atlas Block having no fewer than eleven of the firms, all with large, fine
stores. This is a great advantage in every way for both seller and buyer.

Twelve years ago Chicago had four wholesale florists — C. H. Fisk, Kenni-
cott Bros., E. H. Hunt and M. Olson — all these operated up to December, 1891.
There were noises in the air about those times, and outcries against the
commission men by some growers, besides which some of the latter-day
leviathans of the trade noted in this city, had a beginning who seemed to
want to handle their own flowers and money. This resulted in a stock com-
pany called "The Chicago Florists' Exchange," being started and opened for
business on Lake street November 15. 1892. The venture lasted but two years,
however, and had no successor.

The number of wholesalers at the present day is somewhat smaller than
a couple of years ago, but those surviving are stronger than ever, and the
business harder for new ones to break into. Only a part of the wholesalers'
establishments are commission houses, pure and simple. They may be divided
thus : Bassett & Washburn, Peter Reinberg, George Reinberg, Wietor Bros,
and Poehlmann Bros, are grower-dealers, selling their own monster out-
puts from at least 2,000,000 feet of glass. J. A. Budlong sells his own and the
stock of several of his neighbors. John Muno and Weiland & Risch operate on
similar lines. Benthey & Co. sell their own cuts from New Castle, Ind., and
some on commission ; Frank Garland, mainly his own and the products of
three brothers, with but little on commission. E. C. Amling, E. H. Hunt,
A. L. Randall, Kennicott Bros. Company, J. B. Deamud and McKellar &
Winterson are the only bona fide wholesale commission florists in Chicago.

There is another peculiarity worth noting in Chicago and the West. The
fast growing trade in all kinds of florists' supply goods is being handled
almost exclusively through these commission houses ; in eastern cities we
find this branch entirely separate. The enormous amount of wirework used in
the West is almost exclusively made and sold by the wholesale florists.

The amount of money turned over by Chicago wholesale florists in a year
is probably nearly one and a half million dollars.

THE BOSTON STORY.

p. Welch, about the year 1S77 first started, subsequently forming a partf
nership with his brothers David and Edward as Welch Bros. Shortly after
this period the Waban Rose Conservatories opened an office in Boston for the
sale of their own products and those of any other growers who might consign
to them. W. J. Stuart, then a retail florist, disposed of his business, to take
charge of the WaoRi Rose Conservatories' city trade. After two years Mr.
Stewart purchased this, continuing the same for about ten years, when he
sold out to Peck & Sutherland, employees of his. Mr. Peck, dying a year
after, was succeeded by his partner. George A. Sutherland. Prior to Mr.
Stewart's retirement another employee, N. F. McCarthy, started into business
as N. F. McCarthy & Co., who, however, does not claim now to be a com-
mission man. His usual method is to buy outright from growers, taking his

76 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

chances of selling out at a profit, and he claims to make more money in that
way than he could on commission sales.

The Boston Flower Growers' Co-operative Association is composed of a
number of growers, who in old times peddled their flowers from store to store
instead of selling through commission men. From congregating in a nearby
saloon on Tremont street, like the 34th street ferry case, in New York, was
evolved the housing of themselves in a sort of market. They are now incorpo-
rated, have grown considerably, pay good dividends and are an established
feature in the Boston trade.

PHIL.\DELPHIA.

In 1878, W. E. Aleehan commenced, closing out in 1880. In 1881 Chas. E.
Pennock started and was succeeded in 1887 by Samuel S. Pennock, who con-
tinues and has the largest business in the line in the city. His cold storage is
very complete, and he does a very large shipping trade. In 1885 Wm. J. Baker
began, making a specialty of carnations ; he now does a general business.
In 1884 W. J. Stewart, of Boston, opened a branch store in Philadelphia
with N. F. McCarthy in charge. This was mostly used for exchange of stock
between Philadelphia and Boston and continued in operation two and one-
half years. In 1886 La Roche & Stahl started a wholesale branch, confined to
a few growers' products ; and were, in 1900, succeeded l)y Chas. B. Stahl, who
is still in business. In 1889 Fred Ehret opened a store in the up-town district,
and is still in the business. In 1892 Z. DeForest Ely, seedsman, opened a
wholesale cut flower department ; it lasted two years, managed by Edward
Reid, who afterward started in for himself and continues. In later years
Dumont & Co., Leo. Niessen and W. J. ]\Ioore started in the business. None
handle supplies ; a few handle plants on commission at the holidays.

There is no flower market, and around this city many large growers
still sell their own products direct to retailers, so that the commission men
get very little of the goods of nearby growers.

CTNCINNATI, OHIO.

More than fifty years ago Cincinnati had the proud distinction of being the
"Queen City of the West"" in the gardening as well as other lines. It had
'ts horticultural journal; a very vigorous horticultural society; good horticul-
tural lilirary and flower shows for the time; also some first-class nursery-
men-florists, who did the bulk of the then trade in plants and flowers west of
the Alleghanies. If Chicago and other smaller cities had a call for fancy floral
work Cincinnati supplied them, same as did New York ci^s east of the slope.

As time will not allow me to give a general history, Ppeome at once to the
wholesale cut flower business, past and present. The first to make the venture
was one Frank Church, a well-known figure, now in Chicago, who started in
1887, but the business had a short life. In 1887 J. ^NlcCullough & Sons tele-
graphed E. G. Gillett, then in Springfield, Ohio., to come and take charge of
a wholesale cut flower department which the firm had opened on a very
small scale. At first the only consignor was McFaddcn. then the largest

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 77

grower in the city; afterwards C. S. ^Mitchell and others were added. A few-
months subsequently the late H. L. Sunderbruch opened up to sell cut flowers
at wholesale. At his death the business was sold to Albert, a brother,
William Mann and Frank Ball, who ran it for about a year, when a stock-
company was formed under the name of "The Cincinnati Cut Flower Com-
pany," still doing a good business on a regular commission basis with con-
signors from Ohio and nearby States. E. G. Gillett continued as manager for
McCullough for five years. In September, 1896, he started for himself in a
small room at 113 E. Third street. This business has greatly increased, requir-
ing more and more space, with a good outlook for its continuance.

A[r. Gillett is one of the trustees of the Jabez Elliott Flower Market, the
only building of its kind in the United States, exclusively used for the sale
of plants and flowers. The market is considered a benefit to the trade, does
no injury to the retail store business, as those having stands mostly cater to
a dififerent class of customers, who, market-like, carry away their pur-
chases and as a general thing those are of a cheaper grade than are handled by
the regular retail florist.

ST. LOUIS ENTERS THE LIST.

In November, 1889, John M. Hudson opened the first wholesale cut flower
store in St. Louis. Two years after he sold it to Andrew Brandenburg, who in
six months sold out to S. Mount & Co.. tlie cumpany being George Ostertag,
who moved the store to 109 W. 12th street. In 1890 Wm. Ellison and C. A.
Kuehn began business at 1122 Pine street with a general supply store for
florists. After three years they separated. C. A. Kuehn continues at the old
stand, doing a fine business. Wm. Ellison opened up in 1893. S. Mount & Co.
sold out to Fleckenstein & Co.. who opened up at 1325 Pine street, handling
cut flowers exclusively. A year after C. W. Wors started at 2728 Olive street
to supply the west end florists. In 1894 E. H. Michel opened what was known
as the St. Louis Cut Flower Co. at 1620 Olive street. The same year Wm.
Ellison gave up and two years after C. W. Wors, leaving the three. Then the
Fleckenstein Company sold out to the Mound City folks, composed of Albert
Bauer and the Fleckenstein Bros. H G. Berning bought out the St. Louis
Cut Flower Co., handling a limited quantity of supplies. There are at the
present time in St. Louis, C. A. Kuehn, who carries a complete line of sup-
plies, making all the wirework for florists in the city; H. G. Berning, also
in a large way, with six regular hands. S. M. Ellis sells a limited quantity of
supplies, but is noted as a good shipper of flow^ers.

No co-operative stores have ever been tried in St. Louis. Most of the
shipments to St. Louis come from Illinois. Indiana, Ohio, Iowa, as well as
Missouri.

MILWAUKEE, WIS.

The inception of the wholesale business in ]\[ilwaukee was in 1S78, and
took the form of an exchange, with C. B. Whitnall as president. This was in-
corporated in 1889 under the name of "The Wisconsin Cut Flower Exchange."

78 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

The stockholders were not confined to home men, and it was considered ad-
visable to inchide the purchase of bulbs, seeds, putty, paints, etc., for the
reason that it was desired to spread the business over considerable territory.
But it drifted into the ordinary commission sales of flowers and florists'
sundries. Mr. Whitnall says the consignors soon got to be specialists, and
there has been a steady division going on for years, until now the florist is
not a grower and the grower not a florist, and the commission house is paid 15
per cent, for taking the "kicks of both." The E.xchange flourished for a while,
became insolvent, and in 1897 was sold -out to Holton & Hunkel, at the old
stand, 457 Milwaukee street, where they are still doing a good commission
business. This concern the present year bought out C. B. Whitnall's green-
house business, he retiring; so, like other western houses, the firm will join
the increasing brigade of grower-dealers. In 1896 Ellis & Pollworth, both for-
mer employees of the Exchange, formed a company under the firm name of
Ellis & Pollworth and opened a commission house, including supplies, at 137
Oneida avenue, where it continues to the present time. Three years after its
start C. C. Pollworth bought out his partner's interest, ran a short time under
his own name, finally branching largely into greenhouses in an up-to-date con-
dition of things, thus forming another of the grower-dealers in the wholesale
class. Milwaukee's wholesale men have always depended largely on consign-
ments from other states.

B.\LTIMORE.

The city of Baltimore, although one of the oldest, has no wholesale florist,
but is at present looked after in this line by the Florists' Exchange, which is
co-operative for mutual benefit. No member can hold more than three shares ;
entitling the holder to one vote. It was established in 1892, has about forty
growers, and does a business of from $37,000 to $40,000 a year. .\ large part
of the flowers grown in and about Baltimore are yet delivered to retailers, in
the old style. Two efforts have been made to start commission stores here,
but thev could not find business enough to exist.

This city did not enter the list of wholesale florists until the first year of
the 20th century, when the "Michigan Cut Flower Exchange" came into ex-
istence, under the management of Wm. Dilger; but it is owned by John Breit-
meyer's Sons as a wholesale depot for the sale of their own stock, and con-
signments from outside sources.

M.XKKETING CUT l-LOWERS- — .\T RETAIL.

This subject was presented l)y Mr. George W. Wienhoeber,
of Chicago, who appeared on the platform and read the following
paper, which was greeted with mtich applause:

Mr. President, Gentlemen : Early this Spring I went to Milwaukee to

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 79

see what our close relatives, the nurserymen, were doing at their conven-
tion. I learned much and looked wise, but there was one incident which made
nie feel a little uneasy. One of the older and more successful-looking men
leisurely got up to address the assembly, in which time my close friend, Mr.
Sanders, had time to whisper me: "Very droll old-timer, listen," and I did.
He began with an allegory, made classical allusions and I pricked up my ears
not to miss anything so good, for it really was. Suddenly and without warn-
ing, and I believe he was looking directly at me, he said: "Gentlemen, the
worst enemy that the nurseryman has to contend with is the young 'bugger.'
Entomologist, bugologist, bugger if you please. His alarms are enervating
and we stand aghast as we read of the new insect pests which he has dis^
covered and describes at length in the journals, and which are about to ruin
us. We study the matter over and what zvc discover is the codlin moth or
the woolly aphis which you and I have successfully combated this past
score of years.' But he continued: "Once in a while this young 'bugger' does
find a nezv spot on the butterfly's wing and of course he helps some."

I am nor a "bugger" before "bugologists," but a newly initiated member
in the Society of American Florists, and although my position comes danger-
ously near to that of the young "bugger." I still have courage to say what is
to follow, and if I err in the minds of those of experience, please remember
the proverbial grain of salt.

Mr. Sanders has said much in his paper on marketing of flowers at whole-
sale and now that we are about to consider the marketing of flowers at retail
the first thought that occurs to us is what a vast difference there is between the
grower of flowers and the one who finally prepares them for the reception
table. The one is close to nature, practical and scientific, and the other un-
fortunately in many cases is a specialist in the decorating with flowers. To
market flowers to him means the catching of people's fancies and stimulating
them to buy what he has to sell.

The retail florist deals with people who not alone are demanding fresh
and beautiful flowers, but also a "service" which will bring to them the flowers
in the most attractive manner. The wholesaler knows nothing about service
in the retail sense, and to the retailer it is part of his stock in trade, good will
of the business, and it is the factor, the quality of flowers being equal, which
gives him rank in the estimation of flower lovers. To some "service" means
style, to others, courteous business relations with patrons, or artistic taste,
when in fact it includes these and every other feature in the retail trade
outside of the paying of dollars for stock and receiving of dollars in return.
It is the essential feature in the marketing of flowers at retail, and grows out
of the sentiment which the retailer has or must acquire. With florists it is
especially true that prices are seemingly arbitrary, since they vary with a
hundred conditions and then not simultaneously throughout the trade in all
cases. If the prices then are not a fixed standard of comparison, then what is
left but the service to determine whether we are a more desirable firm to deal
with than our competitor whose prices seem equally fluctuating ^ The retailer
must find a market for his flowers not alone by selling the best flowers at

80 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

acceptable prices, I)Ut he must increase it by winning his patrons' good will
and confidence, by a disposition which is generous and which leans to the
beautiful.

In considering the leading retail florists of the country, we have this
generous w'ay of doing business exemplified. They realize the necessity of
education in every direction possible, for how are they going to be able to
sympathize with a patron's wishes or tastes, if they have but one point of
view, that of the business man's? Furthermore, the florist is expected to be
original and not a copyist, and how can he be so if he does not learn to study
the beautiful in all he sees, thereby cultivating his tastes and imagination?
Let him become interested in the style of architecture of coimtry homes
that he may make himself interesting to his client, who wishes to have a
border ofherbaceous perennials planted so that they may be seen from the
loggia on the east side of the house. Let him cultivate a taste for colors by
strolling through the art galleries occasionally, where suggestions for color,
design, and it is not stretching the point to say that a technique in the
handling of flowers may be learned. The florist has read in the papers re-
cently that at King Edward's coronation the programs were so designed in
color that when the thousands of peoi>le in the observation stands used
them iliey unconsciously became a scheme in the grandly planned decorations.
•Again, he has eagerly looked over the last number of Country Life in
.liucrica and that article in a Spring numljer of Atlantic Monthly on rhodo-
dendrons did not escape him. But you are thinking that I have gotten off
from my subject of the marketing of flowers, and I assure you that I have
rot. Every lime that you get a new impetus of thoughts from the many sub-
jects which stir the imagination, you begin to work with renewed interest.
These thoughts are the leaven which lightens the sogginess of a purely busi-
ness life. It assists you personally, and what is a tradesman who does not
make himself felt in what he sells or who docs not arouse admiration in those
with whom he comes in contact? An Italian inscription on a sun dial in a
garden which I saw in France, translated, read thus: "Life is short, art is
long.'' How easily this can be remembered, and what a consolation it is.

Tj-.e florists of to-day and those of to-morrow will widen their horizon
if they wish to anticipate their customer's wishes. Those who wait until
customers force ideas onto them will soon find themselves forsaken as dead
weight, t-'lorists must be initiative and not content to follow. And in what
field could a man find a better chance to derive pleasure and enjoyment than
in the florist business? He has business relations with people of most culti-
vated tastes, and they are willing to reward his good taste w-ith generous sup-
port and appreciation if he is deserving. In many cases they make the busi-
ness almost ideal by waiving money considerations entirely. Flowers should
be associated with all that is beautiful, and what a pleasure it is to establish a
business which will not mar the illusion.

Essentially the retailer of flowers is the one who distributes them for
final use. He is the fakir surrounded by his dense masses of flowers which
brighten the streets in 'Spring, or he is the i.-stablished florist of undisputed

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 81

Teputalion whose establishment we have known for the past twent}' years.
Both do a legitimate business, both sell commodities, have receipts and ex-
penditures and both have profits. They are the extremes of a trade which
disposes of vast quantities of flowers daily. How interesting these extremes
•are, and what a vast number of enterprises rank between them.

I have said that the fakir does a legitimate business, but why then are city
•ordinances passed periodically to prevent him from hawking his wares?

It is because these ordinances do not reflect the true fakir question.
These ordinances state under what conditions flowers may be sold, but in no
•case do they touch the essential point, that of selling flowers at prices which
the florists believe are damagingly low. After the fakir has complied with the
city ordinance, he is governed by the same business principles as is any other
tradesman and he should be allowed in trade competition unmolested. The
store man sees him and he ought to reason philosophically this way : Is it
possible that florists should have ever considered this poor fellow seriously
in their business competitions by their trying to interfere with his earning a
livelihood? Is it possible that we envy him of a cent of what he has earned
ty his persistent efforts of hailing every passer-by with a bunch of flowers r
Think of it ! He makes many persons happy in a small way and he is able
to gratify many wishes with his flowers for a penny. We florists are not
always generous. The very fact that the fakir disposes of enormous quanti-
ties of flowers is proof of his standing in the community. On a Saturday
afternoon what a pleasure it is to see the streets voluntarily decorated with
bright flowers which make us forget that we are rushing along and know not
why. For a moment we think of the Caife de la Paix in Paris, where we buy
nosegays from the flower girls, and straightway our appetite is better. Be
generous with the fakir, for he never was your competitor, and although
alarmist florists talk of over production of flowers, due to the fakir trade, do
not believe that that is significant, because every time that a trade exigency
arises business relations soon solve the problem.

At the other extreme is the distributor of flowers who is successful, up-to-
date and progressive — the retail florist. His prices are an afterthought, and
his aim is to cultivate business integrity and to keep the best flowers only,
which he presents attractively. As a business man he instills courtesy into
"his assistants and he is generous in all his dealings. His transactions are
principally with women, and he learns that to count pennies is poor economj'.
In case of mistakes he makes every endeavor to correct them. If in any
Avay he has been at fault, or his customer thinks that he has, he graciously
makes amends. Nor is he hereby humbling himself, but on the contrary he is
liberal. We inspire in others the sentiments which we ourselves feel, or. in
other words, your customer wont be liberal if you are short-sighted, obstinate
and ungenerous. Consider each customer's patronage as capital invested,
which annually pays you interest, and you will guard this customer's wishes
just as jealously as a cash investment. The florist is always willing to please,
no matter how exclusive his position is. for he is not in business this year
iilone. but for many more to come.

82 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

The practical handling of flowers for retail distribution has its many-
points for consideration. The keeping of stock is governed by local condi-
tions. Flowers may be put aside from which orders are filled, or they may
at the same time become part of a display in a window or refrigerator. At all
events they must receive the very best of care, although often in the com-
mission houses they have received more injury than you can repair. In such
establishments where the trade comes largely from regular customers, it is
well to get them accustomed to order their flowers in advance where it is
possible. This will enable you to put their 'orders aside, or you can fill
them directly from the stock as it comes in, thus obviating unnecessary
handling. This class of trade is very desirable, for its demands may be
calculated quite definitely, and the handling of expensive flowers ceases to be
a source of speculation.

The delivering of flowers is as important as is the selling them in the
first place. If you send a special messenger let him be intelligent and neat.
Attire him as trade demands and have him reflect the character of your busi-
ness until the flowers are finally at their destination. Florists' delivery wagons
should be made attractive by their excellence in design and workmanship and
not flashy so as to suggest vulgarity. Have good horses and plain harnesses.

Think of the beauty of the flowers which you are sending and the people
who are to receive them, and the wagons which might be used to advertise
chewing gum will seem cheap and tawdry. People on receiving flowers should
feel that they are truly beautiful, so don't put the flowers to shame with
rococo surroundings.

The presentation and arrangement of flowers at retail is an art in itself
and the florist who does not employ the best talent possible will soon discover
his error. People entering the florist's store expect to be refreshed and
enthused for the few minutes that they are in it by the artistic display of
flowers and plants. They expect to see the surroundings executed in the best
taste possible. The decorations must be artistic and the furniture and wares
must be of good design and color. All details will be noticed, even the
stationery on the writing table. Your appointments should not be costly and
elegant, but well chosen and good. People of to-day do not want extrava-
gantly elaborated stores, but want to go to a florist "shop.'" To them a shop
is a place where the business is purely a specialty in its line, in distinction from
the department store, and the shop's chief advertisement is good taste and
originality. They feel that their orders are receiving personal care and they
like to become acquainted with the clerks and the proprietor so that they may
confidentially tell them how they may improve the business in this or that
way. The shop accordingly becomes rather a small place to our notion, but
as the underlying ideas are so good, let your customers think of it in this
way, and try to win their confidences. These people travel much, see much,
and their ideas may in many cases be of real value to you. But there are
other branches in the business which you can impress upon them in a pro-
fessional way. As a decorator, your work has a professional merit, and in

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 83

gaining a reputation for laying out city gardens and courts you become an
ornamental horticulturist.

Make others feel the enthusiasm which you have in your business, and
especially those who work for you. Make them feel some of your energy,
so that they will feel that they are associated with a progressive house. Your
men should also have ideas so that your daily criticism won't be necessary.
■Give your reliable men an interest in the business, as most business houses
to-day do. People will soon notice this spirit which is characteristic of your
business, and in their interest will tell others that roses coming from your
place "are so much fresher than those from elsewhere." They will not chal-
lenge the way you do things as regards correctness. Let them feel that you
are unrivaled, and don't let any suspicion arise to the contrary.

Consistency is another factor in presenting your flowers. Fix a stand-
ard for your business, and then live up to it, not in one branch alone, but
throughout, so that your reliability won't be doubted in any part of your
work. An expensively-engraved bill-head, sent out from your office, will
not offset a package carelessly put up. It were better to have less elaborate
engraving and a better shipping clerk. Don't astonish people witli extremes
•of lavishness or of thrift.

Just a word about advertising before I conclude. As a member of the
wide-spread commercial system in the United States, in this year 1902, I
am forced to say. advertise. But first take an invoice of your wares, facili-
ties, experience and ideas, and what remains of these as salable commodi-
ties advertise before the community. Be honest, and advertise only such
things which you really have. Study all the books on psychology, for meth-
ods with which you can impress the human mind, but first have something
and then draw attention to it honestly.

The florist should avoid broadcast advertising. Don't destroy the sweeter
associations with which flowers are generally sent by undue publicity. There
are so many ways of getting up winning advertisements, that it is unfortu-
nate that any of the commoner ways should be used. The florist has a dig-
nified business, so let his advertising appear accordingly. Many mistake
eccentricity and bizarreness for originality, and that which is artistic.

The mailing list should rather be small than large. Each person on the
list should feel that he is personally in touch with the business, and not one
•of ten thousand. You make him feel this by sending such matter only as
is carefully gotten up. By having a small list, you can afford to raise the
standard of your advertising, your paper is better, and your engravings used
are the best, and are faultlessly printed. The best is good enough. If your
competitor "gets out" a calendar lithographed in fourteen colors, don't send
one out in sixteen colors, but improve on his "ad." by distributing some-
thing more original. Have you ever thought how hacknej^ed the custom of
sending calendars on the first of January has become?

In the business in A\liich T am associated, we have tried to make the adver-
tising feature seem as an undercurrent not to be felt at once, but gradu-
ally. First of all, our building, which is devoted entirely to the business, is

84 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CON\'ENTION

rather quaint in design, and is built of an English brick. Golden Arbor
vitse in the window boxes in Winter, and dwarfed begonias and ivies in
Summer, help to give it a distinctive air. Signs have been avoided, and
commercial ear-marks are scarcely to be seen. The store is treated in a
colonial tone, and the show rooms for potter)- and other wares are in Flem-
ish oak, and are treated vigorously. In the photographic studio, photo-
graphs of creditable work, and those for illustrative purposes, are made.
From the photographs, and from original sketches, printing plates are made
for folders and attractive sheets which we print in our print shop. By doing
our own printing we are able to carry out the feeling which we are trying
to establish in other branches of the business. We are not endeavoring
to be aggressive in our advertising, but employing such means as will have
a stimulating efifect, so to speak.

To close, I wish to say that although I have taken liberties with the
subject for discussion, I have had but one point in view, and that is the
broadness of the retail florist's field. The details are only added to carry
out certain lines of thought. I argue that the florist's market grows in pro-
portion as his horizon of ideas and ambitions enlarges. So, if by any means,
his imagination is brightened, his ideas increased, or his executive ability
is strengthened, the m.irket will take care of itself. Practical details I have
purposely avoided.

]\[r. H. A. SiEDRECHT, of New Rochelle, X. Y., said the paper
showed a clear insight into the method of handling a florist's busi-
ness and that it contained information and advice which should be
inculcated in the profession, in order to keep it up to the highest
standard. He hoped that that standard would be maintained and
never lowered. He endorsed the suggestions regarding the neces-
sity of florists making as big a display as possible, being careful
in delivering their goods and polite in their associations with cus-
tomers, as they were dealing with a class of people who were intelli-
gent and ai:)preciative.

On motion of Mr. Siebrecht, a vote of thanks was tendered
to Mr. WiENHOEBER for his able paper.

CLOSER RELATIONS.

The next item of business on the program was "Action on Pro-
posed Amendments to the Constitution and By-Laws." referring
to pending propositions on the subject of closer relations of the
Society with orther existing organizations.

Printed copies of the proposed amendments were here distrib-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 85

uted throughout the Convention for general information. Following
is a copy thereof:

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS

are proposed as follows, by C. W. Ward and E. G. Hill, for the
Committee on Closer Relations :

ARTICLE X.— SECTIONS.

Any number of persons, not less than 25, who shall be interested in horti-
culture or in horticultural pursuits, and who represent any particular flower
or particular branch of horticulture, may be organized as a Section of the
Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists.

r. OMccrs. and Government of Sections. — The officers of any Section
shall consist of a president, vice-president, secretary, and an executive com-
mittee, composed of the president and secretary, and in addition thereto three
members, who shall be appointed or elected in such manner as may be pro-
vided in the by-laws of said Section, and such executive committee shall be
vested with the government of such Section between its regularly called
sessions.

2. Members of Executive Board. — Ihe duly-elected president of each
Section, or his successor, shall serve for the term for which he may be elected
(not exceeding three years) as a member of the Executive Board of the
■Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, and shall be
clothed with all the powers, rights and privileges appertaining thereto, and
any duly organized or enrolled Section of this Society, whose membership in
good standing shall exceed 200. shall be entitled to elect an additional mem-
ber to the Executive Board of the Society of American Florists and Ornamen-
tal Horticulturists, who shall serve for such term (not exceeding three years)
as niay be designated in the by-laws of such Section ; and such additional
member ^hall be clothed with all the powers, rights and privileges appertain-
ing thereto.

3. Annual Hues. — Any eligible jierson ma\' become a member of the
Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, or of any duly
organized Section thereof, by the payment to the secretary of the Society
of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists of five dollars ($5.00),
and such membership may be continued by the payment to said secretary of
an assessment of three dollars ($3.00) in advance each consecutive year.
Any member of any duly organized Section who shall be reported by the
secretary thereof as having paid all dues for the current year, shall be entitled
to all of the privileges of membership in the Society of American Florists and
Ornamental Horticulturists, and to receive its regular annual report, but no
member shall be entitled to vote in the deliberations of the Society of Ameri-
can Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, or of any of the Sections thereof,
unless he shall become an active member of the body in which he desires to
vote, by the payment of the annual assessment therefor. The payment of one
membership fee shall entitle a member to membership in the Society of Ameri-
can Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists or of any of its Sections, upon
payment of the required annual assessments therefor.

4. Apportionment of Funds. — The treasurer of the Society of American
Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists shall keep a correct account of all

86 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

dues and membership fees received from each Section, and from said dues
S3.00 from each membership fee received, and $2.00 from each annual assess-
ment received, shall be set apart as a separate and distinct fund for the sole
use and disposal of the Section from which it is derived ; tlie remaining $2.00
from each membership fee, and the remaining $1.00 from each assessment
received, shall be placed in the general fund for the sole disposal and use of
the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists.

5. Disposal of Special Funds. — The special fund apportioned to each
Section shall be kept separate and distinct from the general fund of the Society
of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, and shall be held as the
property of, and subject to, the sole use of such Section, and shall be disbursed
by the treasurer of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horti-
culturists onlj"^ upon requisition duly made, signed, and approved by the presi-
dent and secretary of such Section ; or in such other manner as may be pro-
vided for in the duly adopted by-laws or regulations of such Section.

6. Constitution and By-Laws of Sections. — Each Section shall, in con-
formity with the aims and purposes, and the charter and constitution of the
Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, provide for itself
such additional officers (treasurer excepted), constitution, by-laws, rules and
regulations, as may be required by such Section in the accomplishment of its
work, and shall determine the date upon which its annual meeting or exhibi-
tion shall be held.

7. Annual Reports. — The secretary of each Section shall attend each
arinu.al meeting of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horti-
culturists, and at such meeting shall present in writing a full report of the
proceedings of such Section, which report shall contain a detailed statement
of all disbursements, requisitioned by the officers of such Section as herein
provided, also a statement of its members in good standing, and of its delin-
quent members, which report shall be incorporated by the secretary of the
Societ}' of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists in the annual
report of this Society.

8. Registration. — The secretary of the Society of American Florists and
Ornamental Horticulturists shall maintain a register for the purpose of enter-
ing therein the names of new varieties of such plants or flowers as may. from
time to time, be offered for registration, and a uniform charge of $3.00 shall
be made therefor, and a copy of said registration list shall be inserted in
the annual report for the current year. All applications for registration of
plants or flowers which are represented by Sections shall be referred to such
Sections for registration.

g. Registration by Sections. — The secretary of any Section representing
any particular plant or flower shall maintain a register for the purpose of
entering therein the names of new varieties of such plant or flower as may from
time to time be offered for registration, and a copy of the names of all plants
registered during the current year shall be furnished to the secretary of the
Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists in each annual
report, which annual report which shall be incorporated by the secretary of
the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists in the cur-
rent annual report of this Society. There shall be a uniform registration fee
of three dollars ($.3.00) for registration; and from said fee one dollar ($1.00)
shall be placed to the credit of the special fund of the Section from which such
fee may be derived, and the remaining two dollars ($2.00) shall be pfaced
to the credit of the general fund of the Society of American Florists and
Ornamental Horticulturists.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 87

10. Special Appropriations. — The Society of American Florists and Orna-
mental Horticulturists may, from time to time, pay to any duly organized
Section in good standing, for its use in furthering its work, such sum (not
exceeding $200 in any one year) as may be voted by its Executive Board,
due regard being had for the number of members, the average attendance,
the amount, character, and importance of the work done, and of the needs
of the Section; and may, at the order of said Executive Board, contribute for
the use of any Section, suitable medals, certificates, or other awards, for new
plants of American origin, and other products of American skill deemed of
special value to horticulture.

11. Enrollment of Other Organisations. — Any State or National horti-
cultural organization whose aims and purposes are in harmony with the char-
ter and constitution of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental
Horticulturists, and which shall have a membership of twenty-five or more
members in good standing, and whose menil)ership fee and annual dues or
assessments shall equal the membership fee and annual dues or assessments
of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, may,
upon a regularly authorized application therefor, be enrolled as a Section ot
the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, upon rec-
ommendation of the Executive Committee, and affirmative vote of this
Society.

12. Special funds Belonging to Enrolled Organi::ations.— Any special
funds belonging to any organization at the time of its enrollment as a Section
of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, shall
be paid into the treasury of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental
Horticulturists, and shall be maintained by the treasurer thereof as a special
fund for the sole use of and disposal (subject to the provisions of Section
Fifth) of such enrolled organization as may have been possessed of such fund
at the time of its enrollment.

By W. J. Stewart and Edwin Lonsdale of Committee on Closer
Relations, as a sttbstitute for the foregoing.

ARTICLE v.— CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES.

Any national or state organization making application therefor, and whos^e
aims and purposes are in harmony with the charter of the Society of Ameri-
can Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, may be enrolled as a co-operative
society thereof, by an affirmative vote of this Society.

Section i. Delegates. — Each duly enrolled co-operative society having
a membership of fifty or more in good standing, of whom at least twenty-five
are members in good standing of the Society of American Florists and Orna-
mental Horticulturists, shall be entitled to elect one delegate annually, who
shall serve for one year as a member of the executive board, with all the pow-
ers, rights and privileges appertaining thereto, the payment by the S. A. F.
of traveling expenses of such delegate in attendance on meetings of the execu-
tive board being alone excepted.

Sec. 2. Registration. — All registration of new plants by members of co-
operative societies shall be eilfected through and by the office of the secretary
of the Society of American Florists and Ornainental Horticulturists, under
the rules of said society.

Sec. 3. Scientific Work. — The services of the regularly constituted legis-
lative, botanical, pathological, and the entomological committees of the So-

88 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

ciety of American Horists and Ornamental Horticulturists shall be at the
disposal of any co-operative society making request therefor through the sec-
retary of the S. A. F. Any expense appertaining thereto shall be paid by
the S. A. F., but a full detailed report of such investigation or other work shall
be furnished by said co-operative society to the secretary of the S. A. F.
and to him only, for the purposes of rcord.

Sec. 4. Support of Special Exhibitions. — The Society of American Flor-
ists and Ornamental Horticulturists may pay at any time to any co-operative
society holding a public floral exhibition in any part of the United States
■ — and to such only — such sum as may be voted by its executive board, said
sum to be used in support of such exhjbitions, snd may at the order of the
said executive board contribute suitable medals, certificates, or other awards —
in like manner — for new plants of American origin, or other products of
American skill, deemed of special value to horticulture.

ARTICLE yi.— PLANT REGISTRATION.

All applications for plant registration, as soon as received by the secre-
tary of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists,
shall be referred by him to the duly constituted authorities of the co-operative
society working in the special class to which such plant belongs, and, upon
the return of said application, regularly approved by such authorities, public
announcement of said registration shall be made by the secretary. Failure to
return such application to the secretary within a period of three weeks shall
be construed as approval, and announcement made accordingly.

In the case of application for registration of any plants, for the interest
of which no special co-operative society has been constituted, it shall then
be the duty of the secretary to give public notice of said application, and if,
after the lapse of three weeks from date of said publication, no protest shall
have been filed with the secretary, due announcement of registration shall
then be made.

Any protest under the above provisions shall be referred to a committee
of three specially appointed by the president of the S. A. F. for this purpose.
The committee shall act promptly, and their decision shall be accepted as
final.

The fee for registration shall be five dollars, which shall be returned to
applicant if registration is not effected; but to all members of the S. A.
F. in good standing, the privileges of the department of plant registration shall
be free.

The President pro tern. (Mr. J. F. Sullivan, of Detroit, in the Chair.) —
We will now hear from the Committee on Closer Relations.

Mr. C. W. Ward, of Queens, N. Y., Chairman of the Committee,
came forward on the platform and said :

Mr. President, and Gentlemen. — Those of you who are interested in the
subject, have doubtless read the two reports of the committee that have
been published and distributed in pamphlet form. It was probably my fault
that an explanatory part of the committee's report was not published with
it, as it was my intention it should be. It was sent to Secretary Stewart
in the form of a letter, addressed to the President, and I should have indi-
cated it as a part of the report.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. »«^

The report was made by Mr. Hill and myself, and is rather a lengtliy one,
and the subject needs considerable study. I will read now the letter of
which I have spoken, as intended to go with the report. It is as follows:

July 9, 1902.
John Burton. Eso., President of the Society of American Florists and Orna-
mental Horticulturists :

Dear Sir : The undersigned, members of the committee appointed by
President 0']\lara at Buffalo, August. 1901, for the purpose of promoting
closer relations between the Society of American Florists and Ornamental
Horticulturists and other societies, beg to submit herewith the attached re-
port, entitled "Article 10," which they recommend for the consideration of
the Society.

The committee has found it difficult to deal with the question in such
satisfactory manner as will meet with the approval, not only of the members
of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, but of
all other societies as well, whom it might be hoped would join in a scheme
of general co-operation. Keeping in view the interests to be considered in
drawing this article, we have endeavored to provide a plan of practical
co-operation which would meet with the enthusiastic suport of all American
florists' organizations.

The plan seeks to promote the welfare and to strengthen the financial
situation of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists,
making it the main or strongest body; and with this in view, the sections or
co-operative societies which may become enrolled as sections are required
to pay a tribute of one-third of their annual dues and membership fees, and
two-thirds of their registration fees, to the general fund of the Society of
American Florists.

In return for this the sections or co-operative l)odies are to have repre-
sentation upon the Executive Board of the Society of American Florists,
their annual proceedings are to be published in the annual report of the
S. A. F. and O. H..'and their members are to have all the privileges of the
Society save that of voting. The special funds belonging to the sections or
co-operative bodies are to be set one side, and to be subject to disbursement
upon the order of the proper officers of those bodies.

The co-operative bodies are vested with the power to elect their own
officers (excepting treasurer) and to provide such rules and regulations, con-
stitution and by-laws, as may be necessary to carry on their work, subject,
however, to the provisions of the charter and constitution of the S. A. F.
and O. H.

The registration of names of special flowers which may be represented
by sections or co-operative bodies is to be performed by those bodies, and
said registration lists are to be turned over to the S. \. F. and O. H. for
publication in the annual report.

Of the registration fees received by the co-operative bodies, two-thirds
are to go to the general fund of the S. A. F. and O. H., and one-third to be
retained by the co-operative bodies for the purpose of covering the expenses
of registration.

By this method of procedure the pul)lication and control of the registration
lists will be in the hands of the S. A. F. and O. H., while the work will be
done by the co-operative bodies with greater dispatch, less delay and red
tape, than if first submitted to the S. A. F. and O. H. and then referred back
to the co,-operative bodies.

The enrollment of other existing State or National horticultural organi-
zations is provided for under such regulations as will secure their active co-
operation in the general work of the Society of American Florists and Orna-

90 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

mental Horticulturists, and at the same time secure their independence and
freedom to carry on their own particular work.

A more thorough and deeper study of the article herewith submitted may
develop differences of opinion as to the exact wording of the article itself,
but these we believe will prove simply questions of verbiage, and upon
thorough examination the general principles of the article as drawn will
be found to be sound and practical, and, if adopted and entered into with
the enthusiastic approval and support of all of the fioricultural interests of
the United States, will end in not only strengthening the Society of Ameri-
can Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists itself, but in strengthening and
expediting the work of the co-operative bodies as well; and under the new
order, of things the amalgamated societies will become a strong National or-
ganization, able to accomplish so much of general benefit that it will com-
mand the respect and support of the American public, and attract to itself
considerable financial support in the way of endowments from those who
may be particularly interested in general horticultural development.
Yours respectfully,

C. W. Ward,
E. G. Hill,
Of Committee on Closer Relations.

Mr. Ward resumed as follows :

Now, as I have said, we found this subject a difficult one to handle;
and as it stands before us to-day, it is not satisfactory perhaps to any one
member of the committee. I might say that I do not believe a single mem-
ber of the committee is fully satisfied with the situation. The idea that
I had in my own mind was to evolve something that would meet with the
support of everyone of the existing flloricultural societies — the Carnation
Society, and others — and at the same time meet with the support of every
member of the Society of American Florists. I doubt if what we have
recommended will do that ; I think it is open to criticism. I hope it will be
criticised, as I think that by criticism, or by those who have ideas that run
contrary to, or clash with, ours, getting up and giving their ideas to the
Convention, and not keeping them in their own heads, we may reach a
satisfactory conclusion.

Now, I have been warned not to be indiscreet in this matter. My good
friend, Mr. Hill (who is a good deal like a duck in the water, for it does
not make any difference what kind of a storm he gets into, he always rises
on top) gave me to understand that I should be careful in what I might say.
And perhaps some gentlemen misinterpret my position. I am inclined to
be a little earnest and much interested in what I am saying, and sometimes,
in the heat of debate, my earnestness may be misunderstood as anger, but
it is not; for if I really grew angry I would be a pretty mean sort of fellow.

Mr. Wm. J. Stewart, a member of the Committee, said :

Mr. President, and members — As you all have before you printed copies of
the matter now presented, and probably have looked it over during the months
it has been in your hands, it is not necessary for me to read the proposition
as submitted here. It will be seen that there is a second proposition or

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 91

scheme which is offered by Mr. Lonsdale and myself as a substitute for the
one favored by the Chairman of the Committee. I wish to assure you. not
only for myself, but for the gentleman who has preceded me, that we have
given the matter very deep consideration. Our views on the subject being
discordant, and knowing there were many divergent views in the Society,
we have tried to hit upon a happy medium upon which we might agree.
We have spent many earnest hours together; and, apart from that, I have
spent many earnest hours in the past ten years upon this subject (for it has
been pending as long as that) in trying to see some way out of the contro-
versy that has been going on in this Society. I begin to think now that w^e
have given it entirely too much attention; I do not believe it is half as big
a mountain as we are making of it ; I think it can be gotten over easily;
and therefore I have proposed what seems to me a very simple and harm-
less plan — one that may serve to pour oil on the troubled waters and remove
what has been a bone of contention, and might continue so to be for ten years
more before we could all agree regarding it.

My principal objections to the proposition that the Chairman (Mr. Ward)
presents are : First, that they do not go directly to the duty that was as-
signed to our conunittee. We were instructed specifically to present some
plan which might bring about some form of co-operation with existing socie-
ties. True, the proposition Mr. Ward presents does, in the latter part of
it, mention the existing outside societies, but in the main it is a proposition
to overthrow the basis and form of government upon which this Society has
thrived, I think I can say, for eighteen years, and introduces so many prob-
lems, so many possible seeds of controversy, so many intricate, involved ques-
tions between secretaries of different associations in the collection of dues,
and in one thing and another, that unless it showed on the face of it some
probable, tangible benefit, it would be very unfortunate, I think, for us to
entangle ourselves with such a proposition. It looks to me, in my humble
opinion, to be cumbrous, impractical, and revolutionary.

Therefore, I have presented this second, simpler plan, of dealing with
the question, viz.. merely oft'ering. as it does, to existing societies the right
hand of fellowship, and proposing that we will co-operate with them. All
that we ask them to do is that they allow the central association to keep
.-the registration of new varieties between the covers of one book, to have
the manipulation of the details of bringing together these registrations ; the
special societies being allowed a certain time in which, when the proposed
registration touches the special lines in which they are working, they ma}'
approve or protest against any registration before it becomes active. A regis-
tration scheme which is under half a dozen different heads would be about
as useful as a dictionary cut into six parts, and each part scattered sepa-
rately all over the countr\'. We want the registration to be within the cov-
ers of one book, and accessible to everybody.

We should not seek to interfere with the dues or the management of
the relations among themselves of any existing society. Co-operation is
what we are after, not coercion, and there is a wide difference between the

92

PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

two. Most of us are good members of the other societies which have been
referred to, and are also good members of this Society, and there is no reason
why we should let ourselves be blinded by arguments which are mislead-
ing, and, without any necessity for so doing, make it more difficult to under-
stand the situation than it otherwise would be.

As to the second proposition, if these existing societies will do what
is therein suggested — that is, give us charge of the registration — we will give
them, in return, if they have twenty-five members who are members of this
Society, the right of having a representative in our governing board. That
is all there is to it. I think it could not be more simple. Therefore, I ask
that when you come to act upon this matter, this second proposition may
be adopted in preference to the one presented by the Chairman of the Com-
mittee. (Applause.)

Mr. Wm. Scott: Air. Chairman. I would not rise to make the motion
I purpose making did I believe for a moment there was any probability or
possibility of an agreement now, to-day, or to-morrow, upon this question ;
but I am certain, ladies and gentlemen, that j'ou will not settle it. I am, first
of all, loyal to the parent societ\' — there is where my heart really is — although
I am in sympathy with the sections, by all means, and believe that the more
sections or societies we have devoted to special flowers, the more people
we will get, not only into the sections, but into the parent society. But I
think it is futile for us to occupy our time in this discussion, except in so far
as good points may come out, either upon the platform or the floor, that
are of value. I am certain that neither report will be adopted.

I move, Mr. Chairman, that these reports, both of them, be received and
laid on the table; that the committee be discharged wtth thanks, and that
the Chair be empowered to appoint a new committee, who will report at
Milwaukee, where, in the cool breezes, we can legislate with more satisfac-
tion. This matter is something that cannot be forced either upon the aux-
iliary societies or the parent society. It will, in time, work out its own
salvation, and I can see no need for hurry in taking action.

JNIy motion is that the committee be discharged, with thanks ; that the
reports be laid on the table, and the Chair empowered to appoint a com-
mittee to take up the subject, which committee shall be composed of new
material.

Mr. H. A. Siebrecht: In seconding Mr. Scott's motion, I wish to say
that it seems to me wise that this course be taken, because it is only now
that a great majority of the members are taking a deep interest in the effort
to reach a right conclusion. Now that we have had two reports from the
committee, we want to study them. I have read both, and I see some good
in each of the plans. For one, I want to give the subject deeper study;
and, as Mr. Scott has suggested, we will have abundant opportunity to ex-
press our convictions upon it next year. I suggest that a positive order
be made to have it settled at next vear"s meeting, once for all, because it is

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 93

time tliat something decisive be done. And the more simple it is made, the
more easy it can be settled, just as in the case of a contract; the more words
you put into it the more complex it becomes, the less likely to be settled,
and the more difficult to lie carried out.

Mr. William Scott: I want to supplement my previous remarks by
suggesting that the committee which has reported on this subject is entitled
to the heartfelt thanks of this Convention, for I am personally aware that
most of its members, both of the minority and the majority, have spent
many hours and days in going over this matter. I know that the Chairman
of the committee devoted considerable of his time to it. I would not have
it understood by my motion to discharge the committee that I supposed they
had done nothing. They have done their very best, and I want to emphasize
the fact that we appreciate their hard work.

Mr. P. O'Mara : I do not propose to enter into the discussion, because
I have had my ear to the ground sufficiently close to know that this Con-
vention is not prepared to take action. I wish to say, however, that for
the past ten years at least this matter has been under discussion, as stated
by Mr. Stewart. I helped to take part in it one year ago,, at a. meeting of
the Executive Committee. When the Incorporators met at Washington the>
were not satisfied with their work ; but many of us then believed we were
offering a happy solution of the difficulty : at all events, a plan that was
innocuous, one that did not contain anything in it that might work injury to
the parent society, but which might some day be of benefit to the co-operative
or auxiliary societies, and that some of the societies might take advantage
of the opportunity therein extended to them to ally themselves with the
S. A. F. That was the view of the situation, and that view is taken in the
report made here by Mr. Stewart and Air. Lonsdale.

Personally, I am opposed to continuing this discussion, and carrying
it over to the Milwaukee meeting. I think we are engaged in trying to do
something that is hardh' feasilile, and that we might just as well inter the
corpse, and be done with it.

I therefore move to amend the motion by striking out all reference to
the appointment of a new committee, and substituting therefor a motion that
the subject be laid on the table.

Mr. William Scott: Mr. Chairman, I accept the amendment.
Mr. E. G. Hill (a member of the Committee) said: Mr. Chairman,
the question before us has shapened up just about as I expected it would. I
anticipated that there would be a spirit of reasonableness in this meeting,
and I am glad to know that such is the fact. Now, this is an intricate ques-
tion, and when you come to study it you do not want to stand at one point
of view and say, "This is the only way to look at it," but you need to con-
sider and examine it from different points of view. There is in the minds
of the members of the Society of American Florists an earnest desire that

.94 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

there might he a union of interests, and the same feehng exists among the
members of the American Carnation Society; but just how to arrive at a
basis of union is the problem. I confess to you that I am not satisfied with
the reports that have been made ; and since signing, I have changed my own
views to a certain extent. Now, I would suggest, if you are going to con-
tinue this subject, that we ask the Carnation Society, and these other aux-
iliary societies, to appoint a committee to meet a committee from this Society ;
then let them get together, consider the subject, and present to us and to
their respective societies a report, and let us see if it would be possible to get
together on some basis. I believe that that is about the only way to proceed
in this matter. That is the way it commends itself to my mind.

We heard last night from Mr. Farquhar that it would be a great thing
to have all the other societies as branches of this great parent tree; and
that is my desire ; but when I come to look at the matter from the stand-
point of the American Carnation Society I confess to you that in my own
line I doubt the wisdom of a union with this Society. I am afraid 3'ou would
cripple its usefulness. But I may be mistaken, and if anybody can shed
new light on the subject, or will present a practical plan, I will be perfectly
willing to adopt it, or anything that promises a union on lines that shall be
equitable and reasonable to the members, not only of our parent society,
as we call it, but of the American Carnation Society and the other societies.
I do not believe we can go further in the matter now.

There is one thought that has been prominent in my mind all these years,
and I think it points to where the trouble has grown on this line. If the
S. A. F. could have a meeting each year, in the month of February, or March,
and give as grand an exhibition, not only of carnations, but of roses and
plants, and everything in that line, as the exhibitions we now have, I believe
that, under that stimulus, a union could be brought about that would be
creditable to us as a profession, and beneficial to all the societies and to the
parent society itself. If we could gravitate to a plan of action like that, I
believe this problem would solve itself. I had other thoughts in my mind, but
will not weary you. I am willing to drop the matter, or continue it, as the
Convention may wish.

Mr. James M. Lamb, of Fayettevile. N. C. : ]\Ir. Chairman, I am not in
favor of burying this question. I have been with the Society seventeen years,
and I would .say that we are now just beginning to get in a position to bring
our work and our business prominently before the people from that State
and the world. And this one item of plant registration, to have it settled
once for all, is worth ten years of our labor. I tell you, sir. that we must
settle that question. To my mind, the best way of settling it is to give the
Society of American Florists the right of registration of all these plants
disseminated in the United States. And that registration ought to be so
protected by this Society that it will mean something and be worth some-
thing. Now, you give the Chrysanthemum Society, the Rose Society, and
the Carnation Society the liberty to register plants that are disseminated

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 95

under new names. I want to know in what position the Society of American
Florists will be. We want to build up a society that will be like that great
society in London. The registration of that society is good all over the
world. If a grower has a plant under the registration of that society, every
florist in the United States, and all over the world, will buy it, knowing he
is getting something that will be worth the money. I say that, as a pro-
tection to ourselves, we ought to have this registration fixed so that when
a plant is offered we will know what we are buying ; so that I, down here
in North Carolina, will have the certainty of buying it without prejudice.
There has been too much loose work in the disseminating of new plants ;
in taking up some old thing, giving it a new name, sending it out, and letting
us poor fellows down in the country buy it to our loss. I want this thing
stopped, and to that end I want this matter settled, and settled right; so
that I am opposed to burying this proposition. I think we ought to con-
tinue discussion of it. and that we ought to have brains enough to settle the
question, and settle it right.

Air. C. W. Ward: In reply to the remarks of the gentleman (Mr.
Lamb) on plant registration, I would say that that gentleman evidently has
the mistaken idea that many florists have, that an exclusive property right
to record and register a name can be acquired, absorbed or arrogated to itself
by any body. That is not true. The Carnation Society has an equal right
which cannot be taken from it, I believe, unless by legislative enactment,
to register a name. The Society of American Florists has the same equal
right to register the same name that the American Carnation Society has.
There can be nothing to prevent either society from maintaining the regis-
tration name.

Now, Mr. Stewart has said that we ought to have a registration in one
book. We can have that. The Society of American Florists has, I believe,
a Registration of Plants Committee. That committee can go ahead and take
all of the work that the Carnation or any other society has performed in
the way of registration, and incorporate it in its own book. I will say that
if there was any question regarding our right to do that, I myself would lead
a movement in the American Carnation Society to instruct the Secretary to
turn over his registrations to the Secretary of the S. A. F., and allow that
Society to use them as it saw fit. Not only that, but the Society of American
Florists can appoint a committee to examine into those registrations, and
if it finds that the registration of the Carnation Society is improper, it can
correct it in its own published list, regardless of what was done by the
Carnation Society; so that there is nothing in the way of the Society of
American Florists doing all the work it wants to do.

Now, my position in this matter is not to obstruct the work of the
Society of American Florists, but to help it along. We have a country of
sixty millions, soon to be one hundred millions, and ultimately to reach
two hundred millions ; and when it reaches that point there will be sufficient
horticultural timber in America to maintain fifty societies as strong as you

9G

PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

are to-day. I hold that every association that is engaged in liorticultural
improvement, whether it is a branch of this Society, or on an independent
basis, is doing good. I am for general horticultural development, not for
a specific development of one society to the detriment of another; I am for
any scheme of co-operation. If you can show me a scheme that will gather
together all these societies into one fold, and under one government, I will
be the first man to approve of it. But I have studied this question. Not
only that, but I have had some considerable experience in the formation of
associations. I was indirectly connected with one of the strongest and most
centrally governed associations in the United States. It i-epresented an'
organization that manufactured and sold many hundreds of millions of dol-
lars' worth of property. But the time came when this association split into
sections, and at the present time there exist an eastern, a western (Pacific
Coast) and a southern association, all independent of each other, and the
work is better performed under the sections than it was under the central-
ized association. I' belonged to another association, at one time, which was
put out of business by the Supreme Court of the United States. That was
the American Watch Manufacturing Company, and there we had the strong
centralized government that was proposed here. But such consid-
erations should not prevail here. Horticulturists should be able to
pull together better than any other class of men. Therefore, when the
time comes that we can see, as Mr. Hill says, a plan that we can tie to,,
something that is tangible, something that is bound to be successful, then I
am with you. So far as I am concerned, I am tired of the question, tired of
considering it from the standpoint of a member of the S. A. F., and tired of
considering it from the standpoint of a member of the Carnation and other
societies. Therefore I appro\'e of Mr. O'Mara's amendment.

Mr. P. 0"M.VR.\ : In regard to yir. Hill's suggestion of the appoint-
ment of a committee to confer with committees of the other societies, I
want to say that that plan has been tried, and has failed. No society can
accept the invitation to confer without having the matter brought before
its annual meeting, and that fact interposes a barrier that we cannot get
over. Then, too, it would be difficult to put a matter of this kind into the
hands of a committee with power to act.

But the question will not be buried by the present motion as amended.
It may 1)e brought up at Milwaukee by any member. Meanwhile we will
have a year to think it over. If there is any ISIoses among us who will lead
us out of this wilderness, let him come to Milwaukee.

Mr. 0'Mar.\ added, in reply to Mr. Lamb's reinarks concerning'
plant registration, that the matter referred to by that gentleman per-
tained to the work of the Nomenclature Committee, and did not
enter into the present discussion.

(Note. — A passing thunder storm and the patter of rain drops

SOCIETY OK A.MKRICAX FLORISTS. 97-

on the Convention building- rendered the remarks of some of the
speakers partly inaudible at the reporter's seat. A summary is here
given of the portion of the discussion which was indistinctly heard.)

Mr. H. 15. i'>EATTV, of Oil Cit)-, Pa., replying to Mr. Ward's con-
tention in regard to the danger of centralization in government, and
a tendency to concentrate power in the S. A. F., remarked that in
his earlier years, when a boy at school, he learned of a great outcry
that was being made against a centralized government. It was re-
peated from one end of the land to the other that we must not cen-
tralize power in the government at Washington. He claimed that
the logic of events had shown the futility of this contention, and
that if the National Government had not been powerful enough to
meet the emergency in 1898, at the outbreak of the Spanish War, the
consequences would have been disastrous to the country. He en-
dorsed Mr. Farquhar's suggestion on the previous evening- that the
auxiliary societies ought to be branches of the S. A. F. He thought
there was no reason why they should not do as good work when
acting as sections of the S. A. F., as they did under the present
arrangement. He believed that they should hold the same relation
to the parent society that existed between the States of the Union
and the General Government.

In reply to Mr. Ward, he pointed out the dissimilarity between
the associations spoken of by that gentleman as having gone to pieces,
and the S. A. F.. showing that while the former were organized
for profit, the latter was built on broader lines, and its members did
not conflict with each other in the markets of the country. He added
that his own position was not dictated by personal considerati(jns, but
by a desire to see horticultural interests promoted, and that co-
operation was essential to this end. He did not object to allowing
the matter to lie over for one year, but he believed there were brains
enough in the organization to solve any a])])arent difficulty.

Mr. J. L. Dillon, of Bloomsburg, Pa.: ^ir. President. I think
that, as a matter of business, we are all workers for the benefit of the
Society. There must be a head to every business, and the Society
of American Florists must be at the head of this whole business. I

belie\-e in the auxiliary societies being sections of the main society,

98 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

each holding- exhiljitions and meetings under the control of the
branches in the different parts of the country.

Mr. J. K. M. L. Fakquhau, of Boston, reminded his hearers that
the S. A. F. was a national organization that was known throughout
the world. The Rose, Carnation and other societies were little
known or heard of, but if they were brought under the banner of
the parent society their work would be made valuable, because it
would have the endorsement of the S. A. F., and this would entitle
it to international recognition, which it did not now possess. He
added that we were becoming an exporting nation ; we were pro-
ducing new carnations and new roses ; hence the importance of en-
dorsements that would be recognized.

Mr. E. G. Hill repeated his suggestion that closer relations could
be facilitated through a committee to confer with the auxiliary so-
cities. He knew of no request for such a conference that had failed,
and he regarded Mr. O'Mara's statement on that point as erroneous.
He argued that the object sought for could not be attained by com-
pulsion, as this would tend to alienate rather than cement. The
societies should be shown wherein they would be benefited by com-
ing into the parent body. He said the Rose, Carnation and other
sections of the Royal Horticultural Society, of London, had a sep-
arate existence, and that they had troubles of their own.

Mr. P. O'Mara remarked that the committee who had drafted
the propositions now pending all belonged to the Carnation Society.

Mr. Hill replied that in their action here those members were not
representing the Carnation Society, and had not been appointed by it
for any such purpose.

Mr. C. W. Ward, in reply to Mr. l^^eatty, said that the form of
government provided by the Constitution of the United States had
been followed in the drafting of the article he had reported. In
regard to what he had said about the centralizing of power, he ex-
plained that he had not opposed centralization, but that he had said
that when the government of this Society became so centralized that
individual members on the floor lost interest in it, the Society would
lose in membership.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 99-

Mr. F. R. PiERSON, of Tarrytown, N. Y., moved to amend the
pending motion so as to make it read as follows :

"That the present committee be discharged with thanks ; that the matter
be referred to a new committee of nine memliers, to be appointed by the
President, and so constituted thai there shall lie one representative upon it
from each auxiliary society."

Mr. (J'jMara opposed the amendment. He said the committees
heretofore appointed had wrestled with the subject without success,
and he thought it would be difficult now to select a committee to take
hold of it.

Mr. Adam Graham, of Cleveland, O. : We have spent nearly the entire
morning in discussing this question, and there are just two propositions upon
which we are all agreed. The first i> that it is desirable for this Society
to bring the auxiliary societies into closer relationship with the parent body.
The second is that thus far we have failed to devise any scheme to accom-
plish our object. lUit, notwithstanding Mr. O'Mara's objection that the
proposition has been turned down from year to year, 1 believe we are coming
nearer and nearer to a solution of the trouble, and I do not despair of our
accomplishing our object. It cannot be attained l)y force, or by any attempt
to coerce the auxiliary societies to come under our wing, but it may be ac-
complished by consulting them, and 1)y mutual concessions being made to
their and our interests. I think a committee can bring forward some prac-
tical scheme to this end.

Tn the meantime T would favor the appointment by this Society of com-
mittees representing the interests of all the leading flowers, the rose, the
carnation, the dahlia, and the peony. I think the President, in the exercise
of his good judgment, could appoint on these committees gentlemen who
would promote the interests of this Society and all the other societies.

The discussion here ended.

A rising- vote being taken, Mr. Pjerson's amendment was carried
and the motion as thus amended adopted.

A PEONY committee.

Mr. P. O'Mara reminded the Society of the recommendation
in President Burton's address for the appointment of a Peony Com-
mittee. He said that this had been objected to by one gentleman
present because a Peonv Society was pi"actically in existence. This,
however, did not seem to him to be a valid reason whv the committee

lOO i'Kot i:i:i)i>:gs of i:iGHTKi:NTir conn'kntion

slinuld not be created. He reg'arded the objection as e(|iiivalent to
what might be called a warning to the Society to "keep off the
grass." 'He continued :

I deny the right of any indiviihial, wlu-ther a nirnihcr of tliis Society or
any other, to warn this Society "off tlio grass," especially when the gra.ss is
free to all. Let the Peony Society call itself into being; and I trn.st that
the Peony Committee, if appointed, will help that .society all it can and that
the society will help the committee. .It has been stated that a speciril society
can accomplish much more than a committee, but I submit that a special com-
mittee and a society can accomplish much more than a special society. In
our membership of eight or nine hundred there are many who are interested
in all kinds of flowers, and I suppose that everyone is interested more or
less in the peony. I quite agree with Mr. Graham that it would be wise to
have special committees for particular flowers; and if we wish to exploit any
particular flower we have a right to do so. We have a right to have a Peony
Committee if we want one. B}' this means we may accumulate additional in-
formation for the benefit of those who do not attend our conventions, but
who contribute to the Society and who are entitled to all the information we
can give them in our annual Convention Report. There is enough room on
the grass for all, and let us all get on it.

I therefore move that the President of this Society be requested to ap-
point, at his earliest convenience, a committee of nine on the Peony, who
shall report at the next Convention the latest facts they may discover in
relation to the Peony.

Mr. C. W. \\'.\KD. in seconding the motion, said that (hiring his
absence on the previous day his statement in declining to acce])t
the chairmanship of a Peony Committee had been misapprehended
by Mr. (3'Mara. He explained that he had not opposed the ap-
pointment of the committee, but that he stated at that lime that, if
appointed, it would receive from the Peony Society all the assistance
that could be rendered and all the information accumulated by the
latter. He agreed with Mr. O'Mara that the grass was free for all ;
in other words, that this Society could appoint the committee and
other people could organize the Peony Society. He had declined
to serve on the latter because he had so much work to do that he
could not attend to the committee.

]\Ir. O'Mara's motion was carried without dissent.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 101

Secretary Stewart announced the receipt, by wire, of the fol-
Jovving in response to telegram of condolence :

Chicago, Ills., August 20, 1902.
To Air. Wm. R. Smith, Chairman Committee of S. A. F. :

Jhanks regarding absence. Spirit willing, flesh weak. Am getting bet-
ter. Edgar Sanders.

THE proposed APPALACIII.\N FOREST PRESERVE.

Vice-President Di:ake called attention to the lecture on this
subject, to be delivered in the evening by Dr. Ambler, and requested
a large attendance. He said the subject was one near and dear to
the hearts of all Southerners, especially North Carolinians.

election of officers.

The polls having closed, after being open two hours, a count
of the ballots was made by the election officers, who reported
(through Mr. Harry Balsley, of Detroit) the following result:
Total of votes 209. all of which were cast for President John
Burton, Treasurer H. B. Beatty, and for C. C. Pollworth as
Vice-President. For Secretary, Wm. J. Stewart received 140 and
EnwiN A. Seidewitz 67 votes ; two ballots being rejected.

The President pro tern, announced the election of the successful
candidates. Brief responses were made by them in answer to calls.

Vice-Presidcnt-Elect C. C. Pollworth, of Milwaukee, said : We want
to make the next meeting one of the largest in the history of this Society.
We would like you to bring the ladies with you ; I assure you we will not
let them have any monotonous hours while the men are in session. At Mil-
waukee our bowling facilities are unsurpassed. When I meet you there I will
try to show ni}' appreciation of the honor you have conferred upon me.

Treasurer-Elect H. B. Beatty also returned thanks for his re-
elfction.

Secretary Wm. J- Stewart, being called out and greeted with
applause, said :

When, one year ago, at Buffalo, you decided to come to Asheville, I had
a little talk with the gentleman whom we had elected vice-president; and

102 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CON\ENTION

although some doubt had been expressed as to whether Asheville was the
best place we could go to, we agreed together to undertake to prove tliat
no mistake had been made in going there ; and I gave him my promise of
cordial support, and to do all I possibly could in any way to further the
interests of this Convention so that, when it went on record, we could say
that among the conventions of this Society the one at Asheville did not
stand second. It is for you to decide as to how far our promises have been
carried out ; but for my part, if I can take the vote you have kitidly given
me to-day (as I think I ought) as to a certain extent an approval of the way
we have worked, and the result we have achieved here, it would not be fair
for me to take it without referring to one or two gentlemen who have been
willing, loyal helpers, but who are so modest and unselfish that most of you
would otherwise hardly know how much they have done. I would mention
particularly Mr. Robert Bottomley, gardener at Mr. G. \V. Vanderbilt's Bilt-
more house, who brought these magnificent palms here, who has stood with
his shoulder to the wheel, and done everything that any mortal man could do,
in season and out of season, to carry this convention through to success, and
who brought his own men here to help us. He has been ably seconded by
Mr. Ernest Kirstein, who had been reconmiended by him to take charge of
the exhibition, and who has faithfully persisted in his duties despite severe
illness in his family at home; also by Mr. George Arthur of the Biltmore
estate. These men are entitled to this recognition from me. and I hope you
will all make like acknowledgment.

I thank you for your kind endorsement, and I promise that during the
next year I shall do what T can to help bring the Milwaukee Convention to
the same high standard w-hich we have reached in the past. (Applause.)

TH.XNKS TO MR. ROBERT BOTTOMLEV,

]\Ir. P. O'AIara said it was inctimbent upon the Society to mani-
fest in some way its appreciation of what had Ijeen done by Mr.
Bottom LEV. He therefore moved a vote of thanks to that gen-
tleman.

The motion was promptly seconded by a ntimber of members
and adopted with applatise.

The following- were announced, by the Chair, as constituting
the Committee on Final Resolutions : Messrs. E. G. Hill, Wm.
Scott and J. K. M. L. Farouhar.

The Secretary announced some details of the arrangements for
entertainment on the following day. He gave notice that the cars
for the ride to Overlook Mountain would start from the Convention

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 103

Hall at 8.30 A. M. and the carriages for the ride through Biltmore
at 2.30 P. M.

An adjournment was then taken until evening.

THIRD DAY-EVENING.

The evening session opened at 8.15 with a full attendance.

THE PROPOSED APPALACHIAN FOREST PRESERVE.

An address on this subject was delivered by Dr. C. P. Ambler,
of Asheville, N. C, which was listened to with attentive interest
and much applauded. Upon being introduced by the Chair, Dr.
Ambler said :

Up to within the past few years the inaccessibiHty of the Southern Appa-
lachian Mountains has prohibited lumbering in this section, except on a very
modest scale, with a result that to-day we have in these mountains the most
extensive virgin hard-wood forests to be found in America.

•In the early days of our country the trees had but little commercial value;
besides those interested in their present commercial value, but few of our
citizens to-day have given our forests careful thought or study. We have
been slow to profit by the experience of the countries of the old world, where it
is now thoroughly realized that forest destruction on a large scale has had
ever3'thing to do with the drouths and floods, and has eventually changed
the climate of whole sections, as well as producing deserts and waste lands.
For many years almost every visitor to the Southern Appalachians has
wondered that the National Government did not preserve at least a portion
of this beautiful country. This is easily explained by the fact that our
Government gave no attention to its forests until after all this section was
entered, and held by private individuals. There has, from time to time, how-
ever, been talk of getting Government intervention, but it was not until the
rapidly increasing lumber operations of the past decade incited a few private
individuals to attempt to organize for an active campaign in this direction,
that anything was accomplished. On November 22, 1899, upon the call and
invitation of a few private individuals, and the Asheville Board of Trade, a
convention was held in Asheville, which was attended by representative men
from all over the southeastern section. This convention resulted in an in-

104 PKOCKIiDINGS OF lilGl l'lKi:i\TI I COWKNIIOX

corporatecl association, with members in twcnty-luo Staler, whose purpose
it is to educate the pubHc to the necessity of such forest preservation in the
Southern Appalachian Mountains, and to endeavor to have Congress to enact
laws which will at least preserve a portion of this virgin forest.

Since the organization of this Association an active campaign has been
carried out without intermission, and the fact that most of the newspapers
and illustrated magazines published east of the Mississippi (as shown by
the thousands of clippings filed by the Associalinn) liaw since that tune
given space to the movement, speaks well both lor tlie merits of the i)roject
and the energy put forth by the Association.

We have shown that the greatest necessity for establishing a National'
Forest Reserve in the Southern Appalachian .Mountains is for the preserva-
tion of the water supply to the whole southeastern seel ion. Tlie National
Forestry Bureau, and the National Geological Survey, have shown that these
mountains act as a reservoir for all the soutiieastern Slates, and that as the
forests are cleared up the water supply in the lowland^ i-^ (h'minished. As
florists and botanists, you, of course, all appreciate the water-containing
capacity of the thick humus and mould found in a dense forest. You also
appreciate that if the forests are removed, this humus is quickly washed
away from the steep mountain sides. Fires follow "destructive'' lumbering,
and burn the root mass to the rocks and clay. I he reservoir is gone. The
water which should be stored, and gi\en up slowly by sitrings, has rushed
in a flood to the lowland. The rapid advance in the jjrice of lumber and
agricultural lands has brought about the clearing of the sleep mountain
sides, which clearings will never be worth more than a crop or two for
agricultural purposes. Floods in the lowlands have followed every hard
rain in the mountains, and drouths have become greater than were ever
known before.

In the Southern Appalachian Mountains are found no less than 137 differ-
ent varieties of trees; it would be unfortunate indeed if the lumbermen were
allowed to invade this section and lay waste these magnificent forests, as has
been done in the north and northeast. We should at least preserve one sec-
tion of our virgin forests to hand down to posterity untouched by the axe.
Our botanists have shown that this section is remarkable, not alone for the
variety of trees, but also from a botanical point of view. We have here a
wide distribution in the variety of flora. Our high altitudes and our low,
fertile valleys produce their respective flora according to the altitude met.
We have here the meeting place of the flora of the North and the South:
w-e have the meeting place of the flora of the lowland and the high altitude:
our rhododendron, our kalmia. our galax, and our many varieties of azalea
are the wonder of the world. Indeed, all botanists have turnerl to the South-
ern Appalachians as a region of the greatest interest fri>ni a scientific point
of vie\v.

In western North Carolina we have the highrst mountains east of the
Rockies, no less than sixty peaks being of greater altitude than 6,000 feet.
In these mountains head all the streams of the southeastern States, flowing

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 105

lino the .VtlaiUic, ihc Mississippi, and the Gulf. The scenery is such that it
compares favorably in point of beauty with any to be found in the world.
The location is only twenty-four hours from New York, Chicago and New
Orleans. We have no forest reservations in the East, while the West has
already thirty-seven estal)lishcd (embracing an area of 46,000,000 acres).
Along the North Carolina and Tennessee State line the forest-covered area,
embracing one and a half million acres, has less than one thousand inhab-
itants, showing that the scheme advocated by the Association is altogether
feasible. The lands desired for forest reserve purposes can be bought for
from two to five dollars i)er acre. Lumbering, tan-bark and pulp-mill men
are rapidly seizing upon the forests of the section which it is hoped to pre-
serve. If anything is to be accomplished, it must be done soon.

Tile Ciovernnieut is annually spending millions of dollars dredging and
opening river harbors, and annually the high and low-water mark of these
same rivers shows a wider variation. Is it not many times more important
to iircserve the sotn-ce of these streams than to yearly dredge their har-
bors ?

The region mider contemplation is the playground of the whole south-
east; fishing, hunting, camping and outing are here indulged in annually by
a large number of southern tourists during the Summer, while the same
region is frequented during the Winter months by others from the North.
The climate of the region attracts visitors and invalids from all over the
world.

Senator Pritchard, in his speech before the Senate, April 26, 1902,
showed that during the year from April i, 1901, to April i, 1902, there has
been eighteen million dollars' worth of property damaged and destroyed along
the streams rising in the Southern Appalachian Mountains ; this destruc-
tion being due to the floods which could be attributed directly to the de-
forestation of the mountains. His statistics were taken from the Govern-
ment reports. In this same speech he produced Government statistics show-
ing that one million horse power was available on these streams, and that
hundreds of manufacturing sites, notably cotton industries, are now equipping
themselves with water power, and that if some provision is not made for
protecting the forests, this inmicnse water power would soon be uncertain,
and eventually become a thing of the past.

The proposed reserve would be, approximately, 150 miles in length, and
varying in l)readth ; it would be situated at an altitude of from four to six
thousand feet above sea level, in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee; all of which states have passed special
legislation ceding to the National Government the right to acuire title to
the lands desired for this purpose, and exempting the same from taxa-
tion.

The bill which is now pending authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture
to an extent not to exceed ten million dollars, to purchase four million acres
of these forests, which are ncnv held in tracts ranging from one to sixty and
eighty and one hundred thousand acres each. The proposition is not a new

106 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONTENTION

one, although many have claimed that it is. The Government has already
bought lands fur forest reserve purpost-s in the northeast, viz., the Flathead
forest reservation of Montana. The irrigation of the arid regions of the
West is now attracting widespread attention. Is it not much more rational
to protect the fertile valleys and the agricultural lands of the East, by pro-
tecting their water supply, and thus avoid bringing about a condition simi-
lar to the arid countries of the West?

Already along the foot-hills of the Southern Appalachians, many hundred
thousand acres have been abandoned on account of the failure of the water
supply. The more the forests of the mountains are destroyed, the further
toward the coast will extend this semi-arid desert, and the further toward the
mountains will extend the shifting sands of the sea coast.

As Senator Depew said in his speech before the Senate, June 7, 1902,
"We have been the happy possessors of such extensive forest territories that
we have not yet, like many other nations, felt the poverty of wood." If the
present rapid destruction of timber goes on, the time is sure to come when
this "poverty of wood" will be felt. This work is an undertaking which can
only be accomplished by the National Government. Each individual State
tnight undertake to establish such a reserve within its own borders, but it
must be remembered that the State so setting apart a large tract would reap
but a small part of the benefits. It is the neighboring States which would
reap the greatest advantages. These states which would receive the greatest
good from sucli a measure would probably have none of the forest reserve
within its boimdaries. Tl is therefore a question for the National Govern-
ment alone.

During the three years this project has now been before the people but
little or no opposition l.as arisen. The lumber operators, at first, were antago-
nistic, but their arguments were purely and entirely of a selfish nature, and
when these were taken up and presented by those advocating the measure
as one of the strongest arguments which we could produce, this opposition,
in part, disappeared. The National Hardwood Lumbermen's Association
passed a resolution endorsing the measure at their last annual meeting, held
at St. Louis, Mo., May 12.

The bill, as now pending, provides that persons owning lumber lands
will be allowed to remove ripe timber of a certain kind, but can only do so
under Government supervision. A ripe tree should be cut ; it does not add
to the value of itself or its fellows if it be allowed to fall. In many of the
countries of Europe where the Government took no steps in regard to the
preservation of the forests until the same were practically e.xtinct, these
governments are now attempting to, re-forest such lands as are now unfit
for agriculture, at an expense of from twenty-four to fifty-four dollars per
acre, and are doing this in order to equalize the water supply of the adjacent
agricultural territory.

If our forefathers could have established forest reserves in every State,
it would have been much better for the country. This movement now on foot
requires an outlay of from two to five dollars per acre to preserve the for-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 107

ests already existing, whereas the old countries of Europe are now re-foresting
practically barren, uncultivatable districts at the great cost above mentioned.

Is it not a good plan to establish this reserve while the possibility still
exists? Let us not forget Michigan, with her thousands of square miles of
stumps standing to- da}' as tombstones to what might have been, even at this
early day, a valuable forest,^ had forestry been carried out scientifically a
few years ago.

What comparison in value to the State was the formation of her few
lumber millionaires to the practically utter destruction of her immense for-
ests?

Following the special legislation by the dififerent States interested, Congress
has already passed an act appropriating money for a preliminary examination
of the Southern Appalachian forest conditions. This investigation was made
during the Summer of 1901. Both our late President McKinley and Presi-
dent Roosevelt have transmitted to Congress special messages concerning
the movement, and have asked for careful investigation, and recommended
the same to Congress.

The session just closed saw the bill passed by the Senate, appropriating
$10,000,000, $2,000,000 of which is to be immediately available. This bill
(the Burton bill) was amended by Senator Bate, of Tennessee, in such a
manner as to place obstructive measures upon it. The House Committee
of Agriculture, which body has also reported the measure favorably, has also
considered the Bate amendment, and rejected the same.

The bill is now upon the House calendar for the short session next De-
cember, under what is known as the "privilege bills."

The measure has found friends wherever it has become known. There
is no opposition.

Such men as Secretary of Agriculture Wilson, our late President McKin-
ley, President Roosevelt, Professor Pinchott, Professor McGee, Professor
Holmes, Senator Pritchard, Senator Depew, Senator Simmons, Senator Bur-
ton, Hon. Wm. R. Day, and a host of others equally as well known, have
endorsed the cause, lent their assistance, and are still working for the
measure.

We have every reason to believe we shall succeed.

The lecturer exhibited numerous stereopticon views, taken in
the proposed preserve, illu$tratin_s^ the devastation there.

Mr. J.^s. M. Lamb, of Fayetteville, N. C, said : Mr. President, I have
been living in North Carolina for the past thirty-five years, but have learned
more about its possibilities and grandeur, to-night, than in all that period. I
move that this Society tender to Dr. Ambler a hearty vote of thanks for his
instructive address.

Mr. Lamb's motion was carried with enthusiasm.

108 PKOCEKUJNGS OF KIGHTKKXT 1 1 C( i.WKNTloN

Mr. Wm. Scott, of BulTalo, N. Y., said he had a resokttion to
present, which he hoped would meet with the approval of the
Society. He then submitted the following:

To THE House of Representatives of the United States of America:

WhcreaSy It having been called to attention of the Society of American
Florists that there is now on foot a movement, under the auspices of the
Appalachian National Park Association, to establish a National Forest Re-
serve in the Southern Appalachian iNIountains, and

ll'hcrcas, The five states interested have already ceded to the Government
the right to acquire title to the land, and exempting the same from taxes, and

Whereas, The Senate of the United States did, on June 24, 1902, pass a
bill appropriating $10,000,000 for the purpose of such Forest Reserve, and

Whereas, The Committee of Agriculture of the House has already re-
ported to that body favorably upon the same bill ;

Nozc, therefore, be it resolved, That the Society of American Florists in
regular meeting assembled at Asheville, x\ugust 19-22, 1902, endorse the
movement, and urge the House of Representatives to give this bill careful
consideration at the coming short session of Congress.

Mr. Lami!: 1 mo\e the adoption of the resolution.

Mr. E. G. Hii.i. : We are satisfied that there has been a prodigious waste
of valuable timber. The statement has been made that it took forty-eight acres
of woodland to make the pulp to print a single Sunday edition of one of the
papers published in the United States. I am glad to find that the people of
my State are interested in this movement to preserve the forest of this
mountain range, 'ihey also are looking forward to the planting of trees in
the State of Indiana. 1 am glad that this matter has been brought to our
attention, and 1 think that we, as a Society, should give it our most hearty
endorsement. (Applause.)

]\Ir. L.\Mi!'s motion was here carried unanimously.

CRUDE I'KTKOLEU.M AS .\ FUEL

An interesting paper on the question, "Will crude petroleum ever
become a more economical fuel than anthracite coal for florists' use?"
was here presented and read by Mr. John G. Eslfr, of Saddle
River, N. J. Prefacing with the observation that he occupied the
anomalous position of having asked the question and being called
on to answer it, he proceeded as follows :

My attention was first directed to oil as a cheaper fuel by an article by
Professor Caracristi, of which the following is an extract :

The value of the crude petroleum as fuel was determined by establishing

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 109

its theoretical evaporating power, which was found to be 17,310, or one poimd
of Beaimiont petrolevun is theoretically capable of converting a little less than
seventeen and one-third pounds of water at 212 degrees F. at the sea level
into steam. Thus we ha^•e as a comparison of value :

One pound anthracite coal evaporates 9.70 pounds water.
One pound bituminous coal evaporates 10.14 pounds water.
One pound Beaumont petroleum evaporates 17.31 pounds water.

We therefore see that we have a greater efficiency of a little over seventy-
one per cent, in the Beaumont petroleum than in the best American steam
coal. Four and three-fourths barrels equal one ton of best steam coal.

With Beaumont oil at ten cents a barrel, plus freight charges, there is
a possibility of fuel economy that, rigidly practiced, may go somewhat to make
up for losses entailed liy keen and ofttimes foolish competition.

My interest in the matter was further heightened by the following extract
from the Mining and Scientific Press:

Everywhere on the Pacific coast that coal was formerly used for steam-
making, oil is winning its way, and the idle Heet of colliers in .San Francisco
bay and northern parts bears witness to the sudden and probably permanent
cessation of such supply. Oil is cheaper, cleaner, more compact, and tends to
solve the problem of cheaper manufactures on this coast, removing the oner-
ous handicap of costly fuel, and making possible many forms of competitive
manufacture.

If this is possil)le in California, is it not time that we begin to inquire
into this matter in the East? The following from the Nczv York Sun of
August 3 will show that interest in this matter has been aroused:

A new form of burner for the consumption of crude oil, which its in-
ventor. II. A. House, of Bridgeport, Conn., confidently asserts will solve some
difficult economic problems in the far South, was tested yesterday at a laundry
in West Fifty-first street. The oil burners were attached to an 80-horse-
power Hue boiler, and throughout the afternoon easily kept up the normal
steam pressure of from seventy-five to eighty pounds, burning steadily and
noiselessly, and without smoke or odor. x\ll this was accomplished with an
economy of fuel, one pint of crude oil being used for each horse-power hour.

The petroleum supplied to the burners was from the Beaumont fields i_n
Texas, a crude fuel containing from 10 to 20 per cent, of asphalt and heavy
oil. which is non-combustible. Mr. House has solved a double problem with
his burner. The crude oil is generated into a gas for consumption, the asphalt
being distilled simultaneously, and conducted to a receiving reservoir. The
asphalt by-product is worth nearly $3.00 a l)arrel, while the crude oil is worth
about ten cents a barrel in Texas.

By the use of these burners, which the inventor has planned for use in
every purpose, from the dwelling-house furnace up to the large manufactory,
locoinotivc or steamship. Mr. House believes the oil will become a universal
fuel along the southern belt.

It is asserted that the new burner can be left burning unattended, that it
is self-starting, self-cleaning, self-adjusting, and self-lighting, when the blaze
for a moment has been put out. accidentally or intentionally. The flow of oil
is regulated automatically by the steam pressure. When the pressure rises,
the oil supply is shut down until the normal heat is again attained. In this
way an economy of fuel is assured. The burners are to be tested thoroughly
here, and then are to be introduced in Texas, where the field of their greatest
devct'opmcnt is said liy their inventor to await them.

IIU PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

1 his certainly begins to look as though the matter of oil for fuel will
be one of interest to those florists at least who are not in immediate prox-
imity to coal mines or gas fields, and if the invention of Mr. House proves
practical, the florists of the country may become not only growers of plants,
but likewise distillers of asphalt.

I'uel-uil tests ha\e been made In- the United States Navy, and the result
of these are summarized in the following article from the Nmv York Tribune:

Admiral jNIelville announced to-day a notable advance in oil fuel com-
bustion, which indicates that the navy may soon dispense with coal. A board
of engineers, under his direction, has succeeded in producing one-third more
steam from a standardized boiler with oil than was possil)le with the best
coal, and it is thought that the use of liquid fuel is on the point of tremen-
dous development for marine purposes. In careful tests, extending over a
whole year .the value of coal as a fuel has been accurately determined, and
in the last week the same boiler has been fired with oil in the preliminary
series of exhausti\e tests, which will last several months. The results from
the first have astonished the skilled experimenters, and while the wild claims
of oil boomers are in no likelihood of verification, it seems almost, certain that
oil fuel will supersede coal as a controlling element of naval warfare. Afloat,
the supply problem is altogether different from those encountered ashore.
In the crowded complication of a warship, where cubic space and weight are
the all-powerful considerations, the aim is to evaporate the greatest quantity
of water in the smallest boiler with the least weight of fuel, and usually
without regard to the expense. The water-tube boiler, adopted three years
ago, cut down the weight and volume of the .steam-producing apparatus, and
its higher pressures enabled some saving in the relative tveight and size
of propelling engines ; but the size of bunkers and the weight of coal
were increased until coal was not successfully burning under forced draught,
and the use of it aboard ship would have compelled the adoption of larger and
heavier boilers, greater bunker capacity, and other prohibitixe conditions.

In noting the advantages of liquid fuel for naval purposes, it is to be
particularly oljserved that the United States has more to gain from the adop-
tion of this combustible for warship purposes than any other naval power.
The Beaumont field is within forty miles of the Gulf of Mexico. There is a
pipe line extending from the oil fields of Ohio and Pennsylvania to several
of the Atlantic seaports. The California oil product can also be piped to the
sea at slight cost, 'i'he volume of steam generated by the oil was greater
than that secured by the coal test of like character. It will be understood
that in these tests no attempt was made to determine the efficiency of he
combustible. The primary purpose was to evanorate a large quantity of
water; or. in other words, to secure a large volume of steam independent
of the cost. Under forced draught conditions, where coal or oil is used,
economical results cannot l)e expected. H'he two official tests that have already
taken place show that the board of naval officers has secured a greater output
of steam with oil than was obtained with one of the best qualities of Poca-
hontas coal. Compared with like conditions when coal was used, the efficiency
of oil is forty per cent, greater than that of coal.

If these extracts are at all to be relied upon, it would seem that there
is not only a possibility, but a proliability, of the use of crude petroleum as an
economical fuel for florists' use. With improved appliances, the utility of
crude petroleum for fuel seems destined to be considerably enlarged, and I
believe it to be the duty of the S. A. F. to keep its eye in this direction,
and at least record the progress made through new inventions toward the

SOCIETY OF AM1-:R1CAN KLOKISTS. Ill

further use of the material, and to warn the Society's members when crude
petroleum is Hkely to become a competitor of coal for heating purposes.

Mr. Wm. Scott remarked that, abotit ten years ago, a stateinent
was made to the Society by Mr. Philit Breitmeyer, of Detroit,
concerning" his experience in using crude petroleum in two or three
large boilers. He thought it would be interesting to hear further
from that gentleman if he was now in the hall.

The Chair inquired as to Mr. Bkeitmeyeu's whereabouts, but
no response was made.

A vote of thanks was then tendered to Mr. Esler.

general business.

On motion of Secretary Stewart, the Committee on Greenhouse
Appliances in the Exhibition was granted periTiission to amend their
report. He then read a supplemental report from the committee,
stating that they had awarded a certificate of merit to the Central
Foundry Company, of New York, as they had found in the exhibit
of that company some meritorious features in pipe fittings which
had been overlooked.

On motion of Mr. O'Mara, the report was accepted.

Mr. J. B. Da\]s, of Orange, N. J., made a suggestion to the
Society that it purchase sets of stereopticon slides and loan them
to florists' clubs for purposes of illustration. He said the Botanical
Society of New York had found such a system of education very
advantageous.

On motion of Mr. F. R. Pierson, seconded by Mr. Robert Bot-
TOMi-EY, a committee was appointed to notify President Burton,
by telegraph, of his re-election.

Messrs. F. R. Pierson, J. C. Vaughan and P. O'Mara were
constituted the committee.

Later the following telegram was received :

Chestnut Hill. Pa., August 22, 1902.
F. R. Pierson. Battery Park Hotel, Asheville. N. C. :

Please extend my thanks to Society for exceptional honors.

John Burton.

112 PKOCKKDINGS OF i:ir,llTi:EXTlI CONVENTION

The I'kiisiDKNT ])ro torn, announced that but few names had been
handed in for the hst of State Vice-Presidents. He warned the
State deleo;ations that if President IUkion made appointments that
were not ag'reeable to them they must not complain, because they
had not notified liim whom they wanted.

'{"here being" no furtlier Inisiness, on motion of Air. P. O'AIaka^
tlie Con\-enti(in (at ten o'clock !'. M.) adjourned until the follow-
ing' da\-.

FOURTH DAY.

Friday, August 22d, was devoted to recreation and sight-seeing,
in the forenoon the visitors were given a ride to Overlook Park
on .Sunset Mountain and a feast of watermelons at the top. as guests
of the Idlewild b^loral Company. The trip up the mountain by the
Asheville and Craggy Mountain Railway disclosed many scenes of
grantlcur. and the view from the summit was grandly impressive.
A full group photogra])li and man}- others of lesser numbers were
here taken.

In the afternoon carriages \vere taken for IJiltmore. the far-
famed estate of Mr. (ieorge W. \ anderbilt, on invitation of the
Ashevifle P)Oar(l of Trade. The drive along the winding carriage
ways, bordered on each side b}- the characteristic vegetation of this
favored mountain land ; the great dairy and poultry farms, the
herbarium, the beautiful flower garden, the chateau, the conserva-
tories, were all ins])ected and much enjoyed. Light refreshments
Avere served, through the kindly foresight of Gardener Roisert Bot-
TOMLEvand Messrs. Arthur and Kirstein, in the spacious work-rooms
of the greenhotises.

Here, the meeting having been called to order by Vice-President
Deaki:, the following final resolutions were presented by the com-
mittee and passed by a unanimous vote, amid much enthusiasm.

SOCIETY l)F AMERICAN FLORISTS. 113

Ki:i'()RT OI" COMMITTEE ON FINAL RESOLUTIONS.

Whereas, tlie interest taken in our visit by the citizens of Asheville. and
the cordial greeting tendered ns on every hand begets within ns a profonnd
feeling of thankfulness.

Therefore he it Resolved, That we tender our thanks to the Asheville
Bo;ird of Trade, whose representative gave us such a cordial welcome and
greeting.

Resolred. I'hat the thanks of this Society are tendered tn the Vander-
bilt estate, to Mr. Robert Bottomley, who by his kindness and interest has
added so greatly to the pleasure of our visit.

Resolved, That the thanks of this Society are tendered to Vice-President
Deake and to Mr. E. Kirstein. assistant manager of the Trade Exhibit, for
their interest taken and work performed.

Resolved. That the thanks of this Society are tendered td the .\uditiiriuni
Company for the use of their beautiful hall.

Resolved, That the thanks of this Societ}- are tendered the Idlewild
Fl'iral Company for the magnihcent ride, which was so greatly enjoyed.

Resolved. That to the daily press of the city of Asheville we tender our
thanks for the very able reports given of our meetings.

Resolved. That we hereby testify our profound api)reciatii>n at having
been invited to this delightful region of our beloved country, whose moun-
tains and valley> have so greatly charmed and entranced us, and we share
the pride of the iieojde of Asheville anrl North Carolina in the possession
of --o glorious a heritage.

Ivepeatt'd calls ha\iiiL;' been made for Mr. 1^)OTTomle^', that £ieii-
tlenian was lifted to the lieiich liy a throng of enthusiastic achnirers
and. when the cheerino- had subsided, made a few remarks, assuring;
all that whatever little service he had rendered the S. .\. b". had
l^een the outcome of interest in the Society's welfare, thanking- the
memliers for their appreciation of his efforts and expressing the hope
that he would meet all present aild inany more at Milwaukee next
year.

\\\\L Scott, of Buffalo, in response to numerous re(|uests, also
addressed the gathering, lie repeated the question asked l)y him
in the hall, "Are you sorry you came to Asheville?" which was met
with a vociferous "Xo.'' He touched upon the opportunity afforded
S. A. v. members to view different parts of this great country
through attendance at the meetings. He believed the visit to Ashe-
ville was among the best work the Society had ever done ; spoke
favorably of the large attendances at the sessions and (^f the grati-
fying trade exhibit. While it would not, in his opinion, be ])olitic
for the S. A. F. to hold its meetings in cities like .'\sheville year
after year, yet once in a while good uork cotild be accomjilishcd

114 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

by following this plan. The announcement had been received by
him that a large number of new members, living below Mason and
Dixon line, had been added to the roll — men who never knew what
the S. A. F. was in reality, and he believed that all of these members
would remain loyal to the Society. Air. Scott then humorously
touched upon the nearness to heaven of the sublime mountain tops,
as near to that blessed abode as he feared he ever would be ; con-
gratulated those in charge on the smooth manner in which the
sports had been conducted ; eulogized the attractions of Biltmore,
and paid a neat compliment to Mr. Bottom ley and his better half.
Every convention city left its pleasant memories, but Asheville would
stand out as a bright particular siK)t in the Society's history. In
conclusion, Mr. Scott said he believed that much good, earnest
work would be done by the Society next year amid the cooling and
refreshing breezes of Lake Michigan.

Mce-President Deake also spoke, telling of the favorable re-
marks regarding the Convention heard on every side and the pleasure
it afforded him and the Southern people to hear such. The new
members from the South would, he felt sure, remain loyal to the
S. A. F. and would turn out in large numbers at Milwaukee next
year. He was followed by ex-President ( )'M.\r.\. While confessing
that he was one of those who previously had some misgivings as
to the success of the Asheville Convention, Mr. O'Mara stated he
was glad the Society had gone South. He believed all would carry
back pleasant memories of the visit and of the people they had met.
He closed his remarks by alluding to the grandeur of the "eternal
hills," its influence on the aesthetic education of those who viewed
them, and paid a fitting tribute to the hospitality of the South.

Three cheers were given for Mr. George VV. Vanderbilt and
for Mr. and Mrs. Rop.ert Bottom ley. A motion for formal ad-
journment was made and carried, the assembly joined in singing
one verse of Auld Lang Syne, after which carriages were again
entered, and the homeward drive commenced.

And so ended the proceedings of the S. A. F.'s first visit South —
a visit calculated to be long remembered among the many pleasurable
as well as instructive events that have occurred in the history of the
ever-beneficent S. A. F. Wm. J. Stewart, Secretary.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 115

REP( )RTS OF THE STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS FOR 1902.

CALIFORNIA.

I am pleased to report a prosperous year in all branches of the trade in
California. The appearance of a sporadic parasite of the grasshopper species
in the months of June and July, in isolated sections of the State, gave serious
grounds for alarm to California horticulturists, but prompt repressive meas-
ures by the Stale Governor, assisted by the State Horticultural Society, suc-
ceeding in averting much damage from the threatened invasion, after a vigor-
ous campaign for their extinction.

The existing satisfactory trade conditions offer a most hopeful outlook
for 1903 in the wholesale and retail trade, local firms reporting a large in-
crease over last year's sales.

The local horticultural societies are correspondingly benefited by the year's
prosperity and have added materially to the roll of membership at each suc-
cessive meeting. Successful fioral exhibitions, well attended by the general
public, with a well arranged display of ornamental plants and shrubs, give
evidence of zeal and enthusiasm on the part of the members.

The two societies, of which I am an active member, hold three meetings
a month and I avail myself of every opportunity to keep those present in
touch with all matters appertaining to the Society of American Florists.

The meetings of the California State Floral Society arc enlivened with
exhibitions (if cut tlowers and interesting essays on botanical subjects by the
members, while at the Pacific Coast Horticultural Society a question box
divides the time with business matters, essays, lectures or literar\^ exercises
at the semi-monthly business and educational meetings. I have been diligent
in ni}^ efforts to increase our membership since my appointment as Vice-Presi-
dent of the S. A. F. and have devoted considerable time ami money to pro-
mole a wider interest in the S. A. V. than existed prcAious to my incum-
liency.

The members who have affiliated through my efforts are practical and
enthusiastic patrons of horticulture, who unite with me in wishing you a
successful convention in Asheville on the Qth inst.

In closing, permit me to express the hope that your honorable body will
at no di.stant date convene in this State, to share in California's proverbial
hospitality, and l)y your united presence augment the -work of the S. A. P.
on this coast. Respectfully submitted,

H. H. LiLiENTHAL, State' J ' icc-Pj-csidcuf.

CONNECTICUT.

The reports from the leading florists of our State pronounce the year just
past a prosperous one in all respects, and the quantity of cut flowers sold
during the principal holidays, such as Christmas, Easter and Decoration
Day, is said to have exceeded by far all previous records, placing demand
above supply.

The carnation keeps its place as most in demand and use, and a marked
improvement in quality obtained of late has advanced the price in some
places. During the entire Winter season the call for carnations in our cities
exceeded the local supply, which was partly due to the fact that in spite of the
healthy and promising condition of the plants, flowers were not freely pro-
duced during the early part of the season. At the present time the plants in
the field, and housed, look very promising, and fio complaints are heard of
stem rot and other diseases. One of our Hartford growers has grown the best
carnations in this section of the country. His Mrs. Thomas W. Lawson,
Estelle, White Cloud, Queen Louise, Mrs. George M. Bradt. Eldorado, Cali-
fornia Gold, etc., were of unusually large size and simply perfect in build and

1 !(■> I'KOCliKDlNGS OF KIGHTICKNTII CONNENTION

coIdt, and they coinmaiulcd ad\anced prices. Tlic orders received by him in
advance exceeded at all times the possil)le ontpnt of his establishment, which
clearly shows that the flower loving public appreciate good ])roducts and
qualities, and are willing to pay for them.

Roses, violets and other cut flowers held their own well, and products
and sales were satisfactory. Considering the advanced cost of material and
labor, affecting ell trades alike, there should be an all-arovmd increase in the
price of cut flowers and plants, but. generally speaking, such advance is not
noticeable. Pot plants have been somewhat in increased demand, especially
in rubber plants, begonias, hydrangeas, and. al)0\e all. ferns, the IJoston fern
leading as favorite.

The sale of bedding plants has been in most places about the same as in
previous years, and but a small increase in that line is noticeable in sortie
localities. On the other hand, the demand for hardy plants shows a decided
advance, and the nurserymen have been doing a good business along all
lines. Ornamental shrubs and trees, both coniferous and deciduous, are
used extensively in the decoration of home grounds all over the country, and
the homes are very few which do not show some acciuirement from the
nurserymen which a few years ago were little or unknown. True, such plants
as Crimson Rambler rose. Clematis paniculata. Hydrangea p. g., etc., are
used so universally as to justify the term of "overdoing it" by the cross-
country traveler, but from a point of view of the individual owner his selec-
tion and taste are good and his progressive spirit to make his home attrac-
tive, praiseworthy. The demand for herbaceous plants is steadily increasing,
and the hardy flower garden is coming more and more into deserving promi-
nence.

(ireenhouse building has been going on all over the State, although possi-
bly not in the measure which the prosperous business period just passed and
the confidently expected increased demand for cut flinvers would seemingly
warrant.

In Hartford. J. Coomlis has added another carnation house to the two
built a year ago, i"] x 150 feet, and has now 90.000 square feet of glass, the out-
put of which covers (^nly two-thirds of the sales at his store.

(i. v. Heublein & Bro. are building a handsome store and adjoining con-
servatory opposite their hotel on Gold street. The structure promises to be
the handsomest building of its kind between New York and Boston. This
attractive new establishment is expected to fiill a long-felt want in the keep-
ing of larger palms and other ornamental plants for decorative purposes,
and under proper management the undertaking is promised a bright future.

A. N. Picrson. of Cromwell, built one house, 50 x 60 feet, for lilies, one
23 X 400 feet for general plant stock, and one 35 x 400 feet for rose stock, all
at his old plant, where he is at present constructing a new central heating
system with nine tubular boilers to take care of the whole 300,000 feet of
glass. His new idant. built some two years ago, contains 200,000 feet, and the
output of the whole establishment, both in cut flowers and plants, _ is .some-
thing enormous. Tt might be interesting to give a few figures, viz.:

UNE I, 1901^ — JLNE I. 1902.

Cut Roses 1.077. .S74

Cut Carnations -'4^).9i.^

Chrysanthemums 70.094

Lilies of the Valley 741.867

In Bridgeport, Stephen D. Horan is rebuilding about 10,000 feet of glass,
and other now houses and innirovements are going on in a number of other
places, showing progressive times and people.

Of social organizations for the betterment and advanccmc;!! of our noble
profession and the creation and furtherance of good will and sociability among

SOCIETY OF A.MI:RRAX ir.OKlSTS. 117

the craft, our State has but few, aud the want and need of such is full}-
recognized by some of the leading and progressive florists and horticulturists
of the State.

The New Haven County Horticultural Society is the leading society in
the State, is doing good work at its regular meetings and through its exhibi-
tions and is at present preparing for the largest and most complete show in
the history of the society, to take place this coming Fall. ■

Out of the ruins of the once nourishing Connecticut Horticultural
Society at Hartford has come a new growth of seemingly vigorous, ambi-
tions blood, with modern tendencies and ideas, progressive qualities and in-
tentions. This young plant has been christened the "Hartford Florists' Club."
and although its memliers are but few in number, the club can look back
with great satisfaction upon the work accomplished during the short period
of its existence.

These two associations, it is hoped, will establish and maintain closer
relationship in the future, a beginning to that efifect having been made, and
a notable event in the history of both societies, the memory of which will long
live with those that took part, was an outing to beautiful Hubbard Park.
Aleriden. Conn. Meriden being half way between New Haven and Hartford,
the two clubs met at the park, where they were received by Mr. Walter Hub-
bard, the Board of Park Commissioners and the Mayor. Under the kind
guidance of those gentlemen this magnificent Mountain Park, containing in
all over i,ooo acres, the generous gift to the prosperous, progressive town
of Meriden by its first citizen. Mr. Walter Hubbard, was inspected in all
directions, and the climbing of the lofty heights of Fairview, Castle Craig
and West Peak on the famous hanging hills of Meriden. i.oco feet above the
sea level, was accom[)lished in good time and with the enthusiastic spirit
of an advancing, unresistible army corps, at the head of which was our W.
J. Stewart, who, by the way, acted as chaperon by bringing the New Haven
boys on and the Hartford boys home. ilie magnificent view over the hilK'
country for thirty miles around, with the attracti\'e natural sceneries of the
park itself, were greatly enjoyed and admired by all those present, and the
splendid and liberal hospitality shown us by our hosts could not help but
o\ercome all feeling of tiredness and exertion of even the unexperienced
mountain climbers.

Iliis sociable outing and meeting of our two societies will lead on to com-
bined working in the large field of possibilities before the craft in general, and
the occasion \ery forcildy impressed on me the thought what good work
florists' clubs and horticultural societies could do in interesting themselves
and in taking the creating and leading part in all movements for municipal
improvements, especially tin the development of ornamentation of jniblic
grounds and streets.

The far-reaching educational value of parks and well developed and
maintained public grounds and streets is recognized by all observing people,
and our small State of Connecticut is in a position to show the beneficial in-
fluence such impro\ements have on the home ground of its citizens. Hartfonl,
New Haven, P>ridgeport, New London. Middletown. Wateriiury and Willi-
mantic can give convincing proofs for this statement.

True, not many towns anfl cities are so fortunate to ha\e so i)ublic siiirited
citizens as have Meriden and Hartford, for instance, where the gifts of noble
men have not only opened the way for such acc|uirements and improvement^,
but have developed them to stay and to be forever a blessing to the human
race, but every city, town and village has endless opportunities and possibilitio-
for municipal development on such lines, and it is astonishing to see how
in many instances the progressi\e and active leadership of a fe\\- men c:"i
awaken nublic spirit and nride to such ;in extent as to make the seemingly
impossible not only feasible, but c\en easily accomiilished.

118 PKOCKKDINGS OK ElGIJTKExVTIi CON\ENTl()i\

The close intimate relationship lu nature which we all enjoy in the fol-
lowing of our chosen nohle profession does not only qualify us to take a lead-
ing part in all such improvements, 1)ut strongly suggests that we take the in-
itiative in that direction. Let us think of the good we can do by showing how
to take care of our trees, at this very time when numerous devastating insects
are threatening to shorten their life. Let us show what can be done for the
present and coming generations by improving and planting our schoolhouse
grounds, giving thereby object-lessons which will surely bear fruit, since they
will be started in the retentive and ])roductive minds of what will some
twenty years from now be the hopeful, progressive working element, the stay
of our nation. Let us branch out of the narrow single track of progress,
which has as its destination commercial advancement of our trade and per-
sonal gain in the acquirement of professional knowledge and experience, and
let each society that follows the banner of our National Association adopt
as one of its fundamental aims the ideal purpose of being a strong helping
hand in the municipal development of our communities. It will not only be
to ovu" credit and of benefit to our beloved country, but it will bear compound
interest in return. I do not say that nothing is done in that direction at pres-
ent, but I do say, let us do more of it.

Theodore Wikth, State Vice-President.

COLORADO.

I have the honor to submit the following comments regarding matters of
interest to this society in Colorado during the twelve months pa.st.

Trade has been satisfactory in nearly ail lines, with a moderate increase
in the total volume over that of the year previous, collections being generally
good. There has been a noticeable tendency toward a more careful grading,
which has resulted in better prices and less fluctuation for the best grade.
The poorer grades have sold at smaller prices, and this has probably had
something to do with the establishment of two or three concerns dealing
almost entirely in the cheaper grades. Spasmodic attempts have been made
to establish a street trade by fakirs, but without success. One department
store has made a persistent effort for several years to sell plants and cut
flowers, but without any appreciable effect on the trade of exclusive florists.

The retail business is becoming more critical each year, and the better
class of this trade now demands a strictly first-class article. This is especially
true as regards blooming plants, and the quality now produced by the florist.i
of Denver and Coloraclo Springs will compare favorably wnth that in any
other section of the country.

The sale of palms and ferns is not what might reasonably be expected,
the public showing a lack of appreciation of this class of plants. There has
been a noticeable falling ofY in the demand for ficus and araucarias. Dra-
caenas and pandanus have never sold in this market to any extent. Owing
to climatic conditions which make irrigation necessary, the sale of bedding
plants has never been as important here as in eastern States. This is especially
true as regards window boxes, which are hard to keep looking presentable
during the hot. dry Summer months, when it is almost impossible to keep
down the red spider. Still there has been quite a noticeable increase this
year in the call for the more common sorts of bedding plants, such as gera-
niums, both for lawn planting and window boxes.

The increased demand for shrubs and for hardy herbaceous plants has
been very marked. This has been almost altogether from owners of small
places, as there are very few private places in this State where extensive
planting is done. Probably we will have to wait years for any considerable
development in that line, until those who have amassed large fortunes have
(lied and the money has passed into the hands of a younger generation.

SOCIETY OF ami:kkan florists. 11!'

The public parks Iiavo. in the main, heon under able management, and
although hampered somewhat by the usual political interference, good results
liave been obtained, and the parks have really been an educational feature,
creating a demand for plants from private parties.

No very extensive building has been done in the State during the year.
N. A. Benson has erected about 20,000 feet in South Denver ; Ed. Hubbard,
of Boulder, has torn down and rebuilt his place of about the same size; and
Wm. Clark, of Colorado Springs, has made .some additions to his already
extensive place. Several diminutive places have been erected in the moun-
tain towns. In Denver and vicinity there is at present about 400,000 feet of
glass devoted to the florist business; at Colorado Springs 150,000 to 200,000,
and in the State outside of these two points less than 150,000 more.

The question of the establishment of some sort of a wholesale market
in the city of Denver has received considerable attention, but nothing definite
has been determined upon. Several attempts have been made in the past to
estabhsh a commission house, but these attempts have always failed. It is
doubtful whether the volume of business will yet justify such a venture. The
nearest sources of supply from abroad are five hundred miles to the east on
the Missouri River, with the supply at tho.se points uncertain; and the ship-
ment of a thousand miles from Chicago is attended with many disappoint-
ments. The result is that very little in the way of cut flowers is shipped in
from outside the State. American Beauty roses form the only noteworthy
exception. The quantity of cut flowers grown has been sufficient to supply
the demand, in the main, all through the year. The trade in blooming plants
has reached such proportions that the demand for cut flowers at Christmas
and at Easter has been very materially reduced.

Most of the newer varieties of carnations are to be found in the market,
but the variety of roses grown is not as large as it is around eastern centers
of population. American Beauty, Bride, Bridesmaid, Perle des Jardins,
Liberty, Meteor, Souvenir de Wootton and Madame Abel Chatenay have
been in the market the past year, and this Summer's plantings show that
Balduin will be added to this list the coming season.

There is no State organization of florists and but few local societies in
this State. In Denver, the Denver Floral Club is in existence and holds
meetings at stated intervals, but the interest shown is not very great. No
show was held by the society last Fall, but a Spring show was given in the
city park, with free admission. The attendance was large, but the display
of bedding stock was rather disappointing. In Colorado Springs the El Paso
County Horticultural Society is very active, and great efforts arc made to
interest the school children by the distribution of seeds and the offering of
suitable premiums. Prizes are also given for the most attractive door yards
and lawns, and competition for these prizes has been quite active, resulting
in a decided benefit to the appearance of the city at large. The State Horti-
cultural Society and State Board of Horticulture are both doing good work,
and while their efforts are not directed along the lines most directly interesting
to the florist, the indirect benefit to the florist trade is considerable.

The distance is so great and so much time and money are consumed
in attending the annual meetings of the S. A. F., that the society has not
much of a membership in this State, and it is doubtful whether this condi-
tion of things can be materially changed unless at some future time the
society should see fit to establish district conventions for different sections
of the country in addition to the annual national convention. It is doubtful
whether the time is ripe for such a move, so far as this section is concerned,
even if it should ultimately be deemed advisable.

J. A. V.\LENTixE. State llcc-Prrsidciif.

l''iU PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. ,

I have the honor lo report that the past year has Ijeen extremely satis-
factory lo the tiorists of llie District of Coktmbia in many respects. Ail
repurt business as very satisfactory, and all are busy preparing and planning
to iiandie the expected increase ol trade during the commg season. Several
growers are adding new houses to their present range this year; and others
rebuilding old houses in order to kee|) uji witii the demand' for cut lowers
and plants.

Extensive alterations are going (jn at the White House greenhouses
at present. Nearly all of the old houses will be pulled down and a new
range erected at another location of the grounds. 'Jhis was made necessary
by the building of new offices for the President, which will occupy the ground
where part of tlie greenhouses were located. The removal has caused Mr.
Pfister, the head gardener, considerable trouble, as he had no other houses
to which to move his splendid collection of plants; but had to stand them
around the grounds underneath trees, etc.. until suitable quarters can be
completed to house them.

Those florists who have luindk-tl tlic new rose (^)ueen of Edyeley
report sales of this rose as good, and think that there is a place for it.
Killarney is another new rose that has been much admired by ladies of
good taste, and the florist who grows for the better class of flower buyers
should give this rose a trial. It is a fine shell pink, shaded silver, with
a good stem, and of fine lasting qualities. Some object to it because of its
being a semi-double rose and not quite full enough, but here lies one of
its good qualities. It is a departure, or, if you prefer, a retrogression from
the florists" rose of the present day, but this is what we need: Greater
variety of flowers in color and shape, and 1 believe this a break in the right
direction. The new rose Ivory is one of the finest forcing roses that has
ever been introduced. It is a sport from Golden Gate and is identical with
that variety in growth and free blooming qualities, Ijut the color is a fine
ivory white, hence its name. Another rose that will be introduced soon
by the same firm that introduced Ivory, is Alice Roosevelt. This rose made
its debut in Washington last Winter and has been much admired by the
elite of Washington society; it is a sport from ]Mme Abel Chatenay, with
all of this latter variety's good points, and. being of a glowing pink color,
it is especially desirable for night work.

In new climbing roses of recent introduction, Dorotlw Perkins stands
out pre-eminently. It is a hybrid between Rosa Wichuraiana and .]\Ime.
Gabriel Luiztt ; it has the climbing or trailing habit of R. Wichuraiana,
with the beautiful lustrous pink of Lui/.et. It flowers in clusters of from
twenty to forty; the individual blooms axerape one inch in diameter. It
is of similar habit to Crimson Rambler and will prove an excellent forcing
rose as a pot plant.

Another new plant of recent introduction is Philadelphus Boulc dWrgent.
or double mock orange. This will prove to be a desirable plant for Winter
forcing. It is dwarfer and more spreading than P. coronarius. with smaller
leaves, flowering in terminal corymbs of four or more flowers, each about
one inch in diameter.

Peonies have been coming rapidly to the front during the pa.st few years.
Blooming as they do with us about Decoration Day, they prove very acceptable
at that time. Several of the florists are adding to their collection of this
desirable plant.

An interesting and successful experiment was made here last Spring in
the shading of hybrid perpetual roses in the open ground. The aim was
to keep off our hot suns that pro\ e such a drawback to the successful cultin-e
of the rose in the open ground around Washington. A framework of pipe

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. Vil

was erected and over this cheese cloth was stretched, and l)y means of ropes
and pulleys the cloth could be rolled up or down at will. The results were
larger dowers, longer stems and very much better color. The experiment
was so successful that more roses will be covered next year in the same
way. The first cost of the material is trifling compared to the fine results
obtained, and the cloth will evidently last for several seasons. I would
strongly advise florists to give this method a trial, and I am sure they will
I)e well repaid in the finer blooms obtained.

In dahlias a few of our growers have been growing Standard Bearer
with good success and have never been able to fill the demand for this
variety. This is one of the true cactus type, flowers of brightest scarlet.
and seems to quite capture the ladies' fancy. You hear exclamations of
delight wherever this variety is shown. It succeeds very well here, flowering
continually, and unlike most cactus dahlias the flowers are l)orne on long
stems, and therefore prove good florists' flowers.

A fine companion to the foregoing is Mrs. Peart, also a true cactus
dahlia ; color, creamy white, a very satisfactory sort. A fitting company
to the preceding two, but of the decorative dahlia type, is Grand Duke
Alexis, of large size and distinct form; color, pure white, delicately tinged
with pink; it proves a fine selling flower.

No report from the District of Columbia would be complete that omitted
mention of the great work doing by the Department of Agriculture for the
lienefit of the florist. I am indebted to Professor A. F. Woods, Pathologist
and Physiologist of the P)ureau of Seed and Plant Introduction, I^epartment
of Agriculture, for the following synopsis of work of the Department on
the nematode of the rose and violet :

For the past year the pathologists of the Department ha\e been endeav-
oring to find some method of fighting the eel-worm, (ir nematode. After testing
a great many substances supposed to kill these worms, it has been found
that the best material to use is a dilute solution of formaldehyde, about one
per cent, solution being sufficient to very cjuickly kill any nematode touched
\)y it. An extensive experiment in the treatment of the root nematode of
roses carried out by Air. J. Louis Loose, of Washington, in accordance
with the directions furnished by the Department, was very successful. The
treatment was made on February lo, including plants of several varieties;
namely. The Bride, Kaiserin Augusta Victoria. Mme. Abel Chatenay, Niphc-
tos. American Beauty. Liberty and Meteor. The solution was made up on
a scale of four pounds of the commercial formaldehyde to fifty gallons
of water. Fifteen thousand plants were treated, requiring about 200 pounds
of formaldehyde, costing i8 cents per ])ound. The mixture was applied
with a hose connected to a force pump. While at first all the young feeding
roots that the plants had, as well as the nematode galls and nematodes in
the soil were killed, the treated plants soon grew out of the set-back and
formed fine new feeding roots, while the untreated plants remained stunted
and diseased.

For bud nematode of the violet, they have found that this nematode
is also very easily killed by formalin, although it is not practicable to use
formalin on the plants, .\bout all that can be done in order to fight this
pest is to carefully throw out of the stock every plant showing any sign
of bud nematode; it should be pulled out and destroyed, otherwise the disease
will spread from plant to plant. It does no good to cut out the diseased
part. The nematode is easily killed by drying, and it is therefore suggested
that houses in which thc' disease has appeared be run jather dry. especially
permitting the surface soil to dry and keeping- it in the form of a dry
mulch. Heavy shading is undesirable in cases where the disease has an-
peared, as under such conditions nematodes getting upon the surface of the
soil and on exposed places on the lea\es will not be destroyed; whereas.

122 PROCEEDINGS OF ElGllTEEXTH CONVENTION

il they are exposed to the sunliglit tliey are hkely to become dried up and die.
I am very glad to be able to say that at a meeting of the florists of the
District of Columbia, held on the 31st of July, the Florists' Club of Wash-
ington, p. C, was once more brought to life and started on what we all
hope will be a long life of usefulness and prosperity for the good of the
trade in general, and the welfare of its members in particular.

Peter Bisset, District J'icc-Prcsidcnt.

There is nothing of moment worth making a report upon for the con-
vention from this State. There is a steady increase in planting out shrubbery,
shade trees and fruit trees ; the purchase of decorative plants for homes,
hotels and business houses is also on the increase.

Egbert N. Re.\soner, State Vice-President.

The reports from a large percentage of the florists, covering nearly all
sections of the State, show the past season to have been a prosperous one
and averaging better than 1901, the greatest gain being in the cut flower
department. The increase from reports now in shows about 27 per cent,
in sales, with a slight advance in prices.

There has also been an increased demand for palms, and ferns and bed-
ding plants show a slight gain, while miscellaneous plants, etc., barely hold
their own.

Carnations in the field are generally reported in excellent condition,
with a few losses from the heavy rains of the past three months. Other
growing crops are also in good condition generally.

The losses by hail have been very light so far, but Brother Esler will
know better about this. The amount of new building reported to date is
about 100,000 feet of glass, but this will probably be doubled, besides a
considerable amount will be used in remodeling and repairing. However,
the high price of glass and iron will prevent some from enlarging their
plants for the present. W. A. Harkett, State Vice-President.

Amount of glass erected this season 89.000 square feet.

Horticultural Events. — Meeting of American Carnation Society, Feb-
ruary 17 to 20 last.

Progress. — This season has proved the most remarkable in several re-
spects : First, for general excellence of stock grown ; second, for phenomenal
amount of business done; third, for unprecedented demand for first-class
stock.

Easter and Spring business has been the best in the history of the trade.

Five florist.s, so far, from this State intend going to the convention.
George B. Wiegand, State ]'^ ice-President.

KENTUCKY.

T herewith submit to you a brief report of the condition of floriculture
in Kentucky. To arrive at a reliable knowledge of the trade conditions in
our State. I mailed a circular letter to every florist establishment in Ken-
tucky, whose address I could obtain, asking for all information each could
give regarding trade. From the answers received,. and from personal obser-
vation, it is again my pleasMre to report satisfactory conditions in the florists*
trade generally. Nearly all the retail florists report satisfactory business,
with good returns for both cut flowers and plants. The growers seem
pleased with the returns for cut flowers, l)ut think better prices should be

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 12-i

obtained for plants, especially blooming stock. As far as I can learn, all
of the Kentucky members of the S. A. F. have renewed their membership
for this year, including one Hfe membership. There has been a limited
increase in the interest in the State society, but not nearly as much as
should be.

This Fall there will be held in Louisville a chrysanthemum and floral
exhibition, under the auspices of the Louisville Business Women's League,
but under the management of one of the local florists. While new glass is
going up only in limited quantity, many establishments are rebuilding old
houses into modern structures.

Trusting that the first convention held in our South will be so successful
as to insure future visits, I beg to remain,

August R. Raumer. State J'icc-Prcsidcnt.

MARYLAND.

The trade in Maryland during the current year was more pronounced
in the increase of prices, in productions of the florists' trade than in the
volume.

In consequence of the higher prices, the total sales in money value were
a little larger than previous years, while the output was no greater. The
Florists' Exchange, a mutual, co-operative commission house, gives the cue
to the situation.

Building has been but limited owing to the higher price of material.
The coal scarcity is giving the trade much concern; those who have here-
tofore depended upon hard or anthracite coal are making arrangements
to burn bituminous.

The large greenhouse plants in the different parks erected to grow the
stock of bedding plants for the different parks have passed their experi-
mental stage and are now supplying all the flowers needed in the different
sections.

The free flower shows held under the auspices of the Gardeners' Club
have proven of great benefit to the trade at large, and have increased the
sales of the particular flowers so exhibited. Our carnation specialists have
made great progress in their particular lines, not only in the mode of culture,
but in the developing of new varieties.

Perhaps to-day there are grown in this State as fine carnations as any
State of the Union, and only brought about by special effort.

We are all satisfied with this year's doings and only regret to be com-
pelled to record the deaths of two of our most earnest workers: Mr. James
Pentland, who, as gardener of the old school, has done much in the advice
and benefits of experience for the trade of Baltimore. i\Ir. William Mc-
Roberts. of the newer school, whose energy, intelligence, and enthusiasm
were always ready for any project which was for the general good.

The Gardeners' Club has flourished, and its influence is felt in every
line of action. We hope to continue the good work.

Ch.\rles L. Seydold. State J'icc-Prcsidcnt.

MASSACHUSETT.S. EAST.

The past season has been a memorable one in Boston for its gatherings
of men and women interested in the work of creating, preserving, and inten-
sifying the beautiful in nature's combinations.

The Park and Out-Door Art Association's convention was a most suc-
cessful one. A galaxy of exponents, eminent in their various lines, told how
cities might be beautified ; how parks might be made all that is conveyed or
implied by the name, and how playgrounds are as essential as school houses
in the education of the rising generation — for a healthy body tends to produce

I'^-i 1'U()(i:i:dinc;s oj" Kir,iiT]-:i:xiii conxi^njion

a robust iiiiiul. The reckless manner in wliicli the country is being denuded
of timber, was. with the remedy, tlie suliject of one speaker's discourse. In
all the subjects horticulture played an important part — it was the keynote.

The New England Association of Park Superintendents also held its
annual convention in Boston. This vigorous body of practical men came for
a night and a day. to exchange ideas and to see what was to be seen of
ornamental horticulture in Boston.

Lastly came the Cemetery Superintendents, who also held a successful
con\ention. and at which much ])ertaining to horticulture was discussed. A
notable thing regarding their convention was the tireless industry of the
members, who allowed neither weather nor country attractions to divert
them from the business on hand.

In ornamental horticulture this part of the State is very active. The in-
terest in and desire for country life is increasing, and with it the desire to
improve nature's work. The measure of success will depend upon the amount
of intelligence or ability brought to bear on the subject. The general ten-
dency is to follow nature's promptings ; mainl3\ native, or such e.xotic mate-
rial, as will blend harmoniously with native plants.

In street planting it is evident that there has been a retrogression since
the early days of the settlement of Massachusetts. The records tell us that
twenty-five years after the founding of Boston the selectmen made pro-
vision for the planting and the care of trees. Every village and city bears
testimony to the fact that this public duty was transmitted for many genera-
tions ; we see it in the remains of fine old trees. Little provision is made
to-day for the maintenance or renewal of these trees. In the laying out of
new streets in our cities and towns the planting of trees is scarcely thought
of. The narrow sidewalk, as constructed to-day, is not wide enough for
travel, much less for trees in addition. This is a deplorable condition of
afifairs. Nothing contributes more to civic beauty than trees; and streets de-
void of them arc the first to succumb to squalor and thriftless-looking dwell-
ings.

Although a great deal of planting was done in the parks of Boston dur-
ing the past year, yet park extension has been in the line of playground pur-
chase and development. The necessity of providing playgrounds for the
children has become a deep-rooted conviction in the public mind. Boston
may well be proud of being the birthplace of the idea, and of being the first
to give a practical demonstration of the value f)f playgrounds as an educa-
tional factor. John A. Pettigkew. .S7<7^' J'icc-Prcsidcitt.

MICHIGAN.

The past year has been the best in the history of the florist trade in
■this State. Trade has been steady without the dull intervals ; a steady
demand all the season. The holiday trade was especially good. Easter was
reported from all parts of the State as larger than ever known before.

In every town in this State florist establishments are springing up,
many of them built in the be.st modern style.

The quality of cut flowers has improved greatly this season, especially
carnations and violets.

Many of the florists are increasing their growing capacit}-. Fully one-
third more being added to the already large greenhouse business of this
State. The improvement in building is a feature of the last year, due in
a great measure to the florists visiting the different cities (where the S. A. F.
conventions have been held), and seeing the fine houses of some of our best
growers. This Summer has up to the present time been a serious trouble
to our growers, the rainfall having been the largest ever known in this
State. Many of the carnation fields have been flooded and thousands of
plants died from being under water.

SdCIKTV OF AMEKR'AiX FLORISTS. 135

Rosfs in many places will be late in Howering. owing U> the growers
not being able to handle soil.

The Florists' Clnb of this city has been a success, and our members
would like to have all the florists in the State become members if they
could meet with us and enjoy our meetings. We think that the club has
caused a better and more friendly feeling amongst the florists in this city.

Grand Rapids, the second city in this State, is becoming quite a green-
house center. The increase in greenhouses has been very large and great
quantities of violets were shipped to Chicago last Winter.

The celery growers at Kalamazoo are turning their attention to cut
flowers and are shipping very good stock.

Detroit grows most of the flowers used in the retail trade e.xcept
Beauty roses. Chicago supplying most of the Beauty not grown here. Mt.
Clemens is becoming noted for the good violets grown there. Last Winter
the violets picked there compared favorably with the best grown in the
country.

Many of our growers tried the new varieties of carnations last Winter,
and reports from the majority give Lawson and Marquis as the best.

The opening of a wholesale cut flower house in Detroit has proved
a good thing for the retailer, and has proved the same for the owners, they
having already outgrown their present quarters.

\\'\{h best wishes for the future success of the S. A. F..

Robert Flovverday, State Vice-President.

MISSOURI.

As 3'our vice-president for Missouri, I am pleased to report a very
prosperous year in most of the branches of our trade. All our local growers,
as well as those of our cities and my State, have profited by the increased
demand and good prices during the whole season. Our retailers, a number
of them, report a most successful season, while others are not so well off;
in fact, the floricultural business all over our State, from the reports that
I have received, has been ver}- satisfactory. Nearly all of the growers are
adding new glass, and this alone shows that the season has been a good one.

I know of nothing that would call for special mention from ^lissouri.
1 only regret that I cannot be with you in person ; that not more from our
State have joined this Society, and that the delegation from here is so
small, as we would have been pleased to have had a large attendance at the
Asheville convention. I trust that you will have an interesting, pleasant
and profitable meeting.

With best regards and good wishes for the S. A. F..

Ch.\ri,es a. Juengel, State J'iee-Presideiit.

NEBR.\SKA.

As the honor of vice-president of your Society for the State of Nebraska
has been bestowed upon me, I take pleasure in submitting the following report:

Trade during the past year has shown a steady improvement over that
of previous years. The demand for our products has been greater, and as
a result the cut flower market during the year has been steady; there was
never much of a surplus, consequently prices did not greatly fluctuate.

Chrysanthemums held their own as Fall flowers, but noticeable was
the falling oi¥ in the demand for extra large blossoms, and an increased
defliand for medium-sized blooms of good color.

Carnations, if possible, are increasing in popularity.

Roses, the old stand-by, have not lost any of their popularity, the American
Beauty having an increased demand as w-ell as Liberty and Golden Gate.

Christmas business netted good returns in all departments, especially

I'^'j PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

plants, tor wliicli there seems to be a greater demand every year. Trade
kept up well all Winter. St. Valentine's Day and Washington's Birthday
seem of later years to he coming to the front.

Easter trade was excellent, but the longitlorum lily was an entire failure
m this section, a reverse from previous years. Plants sold out well during
the Spring months. The weather has been very favorable, although a little
wet, and as a result the outdoor stock is getting along nicely.

In this State, new buildings to the extent of lOO.ooo" square feet of glass
have been put up the past year, with a very small percentage of breakage
by hail.

The Nebraska State Horticultural Society held its annual Fall exhibition
at Lincoln, with a very fine display of plants and cut flowers, where alwavs
a good-natured rivalry exists among the florists as to who can make the
most attractive display.

The Nebraska Florists' Society has added many names to its list of mem-
bers the past year, with headquarters at Omaha, where the Society meets the
second Tuesday of each month, the meeting creating closer relations among
our florists, with the exchange of ideas covering improved methods, uni^
formity of prices, and a generally more friendly and fraternal feeling.

The Park Board of Omaha has made some extensive improvements in
parks and boulevards by connecting the large parks by continuous driveways
or avenues of some 30 miles in length, along which are planted shade trees,
flowering shrubs, with refreshing streams

"Through the shaded nooks.
In the running brooks
W'here the children went to swim."

There have been no deaths among the florists of our State during the
year, to my knowledge, with the exception of one who. while not a florist,
still occupied a place among the leading horticulturists in the country —
J. Sterling ^Morton, who promulgated the idea of Arbor Day, the day' of
planting trees, from this State, and which has been copied by other States
and incorporated into their laws, until it is generally recognized as a holiday
throughout the United States.

The prospects for the future of our Stale are bright. With its central
location, large surroundings, multitude of people, its fertile soil and abundant
sunshine, truly in the prophecy of Thomas B. Reed, '"Every wise man agrees
that beyond the ^lississippi lies the great wealth of the days to come."

Lewis Hendersox, State Vicc-Presidciif.

NEW H.VJIPSHIRE.

T take the keenest pleasure in doing a duty to the S. A. F. or any member
of the same. As State vice-president it devolves upon me to perform a duty
in making a report which I am in no wise competent to do : First, as a
gardener on a private place I am not in close touch with the ups and downs
of the trade. Second, to numerous letters of inquiry I received but one
reply, which is disappointing to me. and a bad handicap besides ; still it goes
so far in showing us the "spirit" of the New Hampshire florist of to-day.

W^ithin a short space of time, perhaps a little over a year, there has been
considerable glass added. ■Manchester, Nashua and Dover take the lead
in this respect, with the increased glass area ; suffice it to say the trade must
also have increased to support it. and trade is. I am happy to saj'. largely
in excess of previous years in most localities, if not in all. A step in advance
was taken by some of the largest places in this section last Spring, by
allowing eight hours to constitute a day's work every Saturday instead
of ten hours. And to mv wav of thinking the florist and his men could

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 127

accomplish more by working shorter hours and devoting" more time to
reading the trade journals, the daily papers and such literature, or, as Oliver
Goldsmith has once said — ■

"For just experience tells, in every soil,
That those who think must govern those that toil ;
And all that freedom's highest aims can reach
Is but to lay proportioned loads on each."

There is not a florists' society or club of any kind in this State outside
of the New Hampshire Horticultural Society. But I think it would be an
easy matter to secure a goodly number of members, if such organization
were formed. And I will .say with a reasonable assurance that we will have
a lot of New Hampshire boys woke up, ready to join you when you meet
again on the New England end of Uncle Sam's domain.

. Bernakd Morris, State Vice-President.

NEW JERSEY.

Lying as our State does in the direct line of communication between
two great cities of America, with four lines of railways crossing the entire
State, it finds a ready market for its product in both. This has tended
to make it an important factor horticulturally, floriculturally and commer-
cially.

In the elevated and rocky districts comprising the north and north middle
counties, known as the Newark and Orange Mountains and the Palisades
of the Hudson, are found many of the largest rose-growing establishments
in the country, while the broad sandy plains of the southern part are favorable
to the carnation and growing of nursery stock. We have three of the largest
orchid raisers in the country, and our three largest nurseries of trees and
ornamental plants have a universal reputation. While closely allied to
its two near neighbors, whose market is also ours, we yet ha\e much that
is characteristic and individual.

Our State has furnished a president to the S. A .F. & O. H. and helped
to officer both it and the Rose. Carnation and Chrysanthemum Societies.
For her private estates and the skill of her private gardeners she has always
been celebrated, and her parks, though recent, will be visited for the great
beauty of their natural scenery and remarkable extent of view. One of
these parks, it is said, overlooks one-quarter of the population of our country,
and the prospect is limited only by human power of vision.

During the past year the output of roses sent from some of our rose-
houses to the New York market has doubled. The flowers consists of the
usual varieties. The yield of carnations and chrysanthemums has grown,
and the trade, from latest reports, is steadily increasing. An advance is
claimed in improved cultivation of the orchid, so as to control the season
of bloom, and orders are reported from outside the State as far as New
Orleans and Chicago, one wedding bouquet last Winter returning the grower
the sum of fifty dollars. During the past rainy season the growth of Cattleya
labiata has been considerably retarded.

The influences which have helped this increase of prosperity are due
to the superior organization of the commission trade assisting the shipments
from one market to another, and rendering prices of staples less variable;
to the trade press in an increased opportunity of reaching distant points;
to the growing love of flowers in those communities where so-called nature
study forms part of the school curriculum; the activity of our experimental
station in the use of bulletins and public addresses given by its staff, and
the increased attention of current periodical literature to flower cultivation
in the house. One indication of this is the appearance of plant room and

1'^''^ rkocEiiDiXGS vv i-:ighti:kxtii connkniiox

conMT\;il(U-y in the new houses now building, even al llic seasliorc where
the use of the house is for but a portion of the year.

The increase of local trade can be clearly traced in neighborhoods where
there are active horticultural societies and clubs whose addresses and exhi-
bitions are frequently society features, and very largely to the influence of
our public parks, particularly in Essex, Passaic, Hudson and Monmouth
counties, though in the first the matter has been overdone and is suffering
a reaction at the present time. Any effort made to further the work along
these lines by the S. A. F. & O. H. must tend to material benetil, indivitlually,
and our standing horticulturally.

While there has been a decided falling off in the number of small
growers (that is, those having under one thousand square feet of glass j,
except where saved by a local trade, and also a few florists, this has been
compensated by the increase in glass area by larger concerns. The incor-
poration of one stock company with a capital of $85,000 is to be noted, as
also the phenomenal growth of some of our youngest houses in the trade,
notably in decorative plants. There is no reason why, with four of the
largest houses, three in the eastern and one in the western part of the
State, N6w Jersey should not largely influence the market in the coming year.
An increased demand for young apple and pear trees for Fall planting
is reported, even to the extent of exhausting the stock of firsts, and a decided
increase in herbaceous plants and hardy annuals, particularly the Japanese iris.
There are still three active Japanese firms in our State, but the business
in Japanese freak products has lost its grip, and now the sales are assisted
by the "Japanese ball game," with plants as prizes. Introductions of Japa-
nese products of merit by our own trade are meeting with fair sales.

While we have no public botanical garden and have received only the most
meager State encouragement, the appropriation voted for our State Horti-
cultural Societies' display at Buffalo being ridiculously inadequate, yet our
Agricultural Experimental station during the past year has prosecuted its
investigations still further into plant diseases and has furnished bulletin
and address* whenever applied for. One house will be devoted to remedies
for mildew this coming season, and much space to the crossing of ornamental
plants; much of the energy displayed being due to tlic activity of an able
superintendent.

Attention of legislators should be brought to the importance of our horti-
cultural and floricultural interests to the Stale, and copies of our proceedings
>hould be placed so as to be accessible to them.

I'.oth of our private and commercial houses have been schools in the pa,st
and ha\e furnished growers all over the country. At the present time, in
one of our largest rose-houses, are young men "doing time" from New York.
Illinois. Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and Michigan. While many very
interesting papers, covering a wide range of subjects, have been read
before our own societies, and also given by Jerseymen before societies
in other States, and duly noticed by the trade press, yet only one published
book by a Jerseyman in the past year is to be reported, notabh^ — "Li\e Covers
for Country Homes," by Professor Byron D. Halsted.

Many prizes have been taken during the past year. Among others, for
merit, mav be mentioned those bv John N. Mav. T. R. Mitchell. Robert
Simpson, E. Waller, H. C. Steinhoff. Peter Duff and .\. J. Weingerter.

Among those wdio have introduced new flowers are John N. May. of
Summit, rose Mrs. Oliver Ames; and J. M. Horsburgh. of Elizabeth, a new
geranium. Harriet Cleary. Inventions of a glazing point, a tomato support,
and a folding trellis have been made by Theron Parker, of Harrison.

A few have passed away, but since the death of William Macmillaii,.
none has been followed with more respect to the grave than Thomas Young,.
Sr., who died in May last, at the age of 84 years.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 129

The donation of land by private citizens for public parks should be
mentioned. While many have taken place previously, yet during the past
month ]Mr. C. W. Anderson, of Upper ?\IontcIair, has donated a strip of
probably twenty acres to the township.

On the whole, the business of the past year marks an advance in glass
surface arid an increase in productions, with steady prices. It is impossible
to discriminate by name any flower, so much depending upon the skill of
the grower, and any healthy plant of acknowledged merit will bear con-
tinuously, and brings a price. Educational influences are at work, not alone
as part of school and high school curriculum for children, but our societies
are doing much by furnishing able speakers ; our agricultural station by
bulletins and speakers ; our own society by its report so widely distributed
and ncticed, and by an intelligent and ever practical trade press. This, with
the object- tcachmg of nir. public parks and private estates, is ever and ever
advancing the importance and excellence of the craft we love so well.

Materi.il assistance is recognized to Messrs. W. J. Stewart, Alexander
Wallace, Patrick O'Mara, Professor Byron D. Halsted, the Universal Horti-
cultural Establishment, and Chestnut Hill Nursery.

Joseph B. Davis, State Vice-Presideut.

NEW YORK, E.AST.

As State vice-president it is again my privilege to make a report of the
work of the past year.

Generally speaking, trade has been satisfactory in all lines connected
with the florist's business.

Among the greenhouse builders business is now brisk. While there has
been a considerable increase in the building trade over last year, there is
ver>' little diflFerence in New York State, the increase being elsewhere.
In our section no commercial greenhouses of any consequence are being
erected, but in New Jersey several contracts have been given out for large
ranges. The product of these will be shipped to the New York market to
be sold ; in tact, most of our roses come from New Jersey. This season's
building among the private estates has been an exceedingly busy one.

There is no likelihood of a reduction in building material, but it looks
very much as if there will be an increase in wrought and cast iron and steel,
and all articles made therefrom before the end of this year. While the price
of glass was down a little, it is now rumored prices will be advanced con-
siderably.

In cut flowers the Fall trade was very good until the chrysanthemums
arrived ; then business slackened up considerably. Thanksgiving Day turned
out the same as usual, with plenty of flowers, and quantities of chrysanthe-
mums, prices being fair. Chrysanthemums this season were cheaper than
ever before, and the supply lasted far into December.

Large quantities of Boston ferns and rubber plant were sold last year,
some being disposed of ver)' cheap.

Christmas trade was satisfactory. On that day the cut flower business
was very slow until after midnight, then it improved, with a rush for high-
grade stock, which brought exceptionally good prices, a few choice Brides-
maid roses bringing 75c. each. American Beauty were overstocked, and
prices lower than last year.

The supply of carnations was satisfactory, the fancy grades bringing high
figures.

Christmas greens were cleaned up in most places.

The plant trade, which exceeds the cut flower trade at Christmas, was
verj' heavy. Poinsettias, azaleas. Lorraine begonias, peppers, aucubas, dra-
caenas, ardisias, heaths, orchids and crotons were in evidence, and sold well.
Oranges and imported hollies found a ready sale.

130 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

The demand for fruiting planls seems to be on the increase.
New Year's trade amounts to a good Saturday's business, no preparation
being made now for this hoHdaj'.

The Easter trade, which was the best on record for the plant grower,
experienced a set-back through the rain on the previous Friday and Saturday.
Lihes cleaned out well at good prices, as did azaleas. These two plants
exceed all the others combined in quantity. There was the usual number
of genistas, Crimson Rambler roses, hydrangeas, lilacs, rhododendrons, bou-
gainvilleas, hybrid roses, acacias, hyacinths, daffodils, Hly of the valley and
violets in pots to be sold.

There is not much to be said about the cut flower trade, as most of the
stock had been held back, and no reasonable offer was refused, although the
better qualities of roses and carnations sold well.

There were cartloads of violets shipped, some of which had been held
back for weeks, and sold for $i.oo per 1,000. After the weather cleared and
the sun came out, and the retailers felt it would remain so, good violets were
called for and found to be the scarcest article to be had.
Bulbous stock, cut, was a complete drug.

The florists' supply dealers speak encouragingly of the business thej^ have
done, and from all reports it is on the increase.

The auction houses have been well attended this year. While the prices
were not up to those of last year, the number of plants sold exceeded that
of all previous years, and the outlook is very encouraging for a good Fall
business. The demand for salvias seemed to be in the lead, with named
cannas a good second.

The seedsmen report a brisk Spring business.

There appears to be a special demand for shrubs and hardy plants ; also
seeds of the latter.

In suburban gardens the tendency is to plant shrubs and hardy herba-
ceous plants which do not require to be transplanted each year. The prospects
for the: Fall seem bright, advance orders are being placed more freely for
all lines of bulbous stock , and in most cases at higher prices than formerly.

The demand for hardy lilies has been especially noticeable; amongst
the.se are all the native lilies of California.

The retail trade has had its share of prosperity. The F>ridesmaid is still
the most popular and best-selling rose with them ; American Beauty and
orchids are in greater demand with the leading florists. Lily of the valley
was in large demand, but the sale of general bulbous stock is falling off
with first-class houses.

The demand for cut carnations has greatly increased, good people refusing
to buy the cheaper varieties.

Rose growers have had a good, steady sale for their stock ; while prices
were not so high as in former years, they were firmer throughout the season.
New plantings are doing well. Some rose men are growing American Beauty
extensively this year, as that rose was in brisk demand the past season.

Carnation men have passed through one of the best seasons that they ever
had; and are now preparing for a better one. The stock in the field is looking
very fine, and by this time most of the houses are planted. The varieties
that will be grown extensively next year will be Mrs. Lawson. Gov. Roo?e-.
velt, Wm. Scott, Lorna, Harry Fenn. Viola Allen. J. H. Manley. G. H. Crane,
Morning Glory. Golden Beauty, Mrs. Bradt, Prosperity. Floriana, Flora Hill,
Lizzie McGowan and White Cloud.

■ Some men who have experimented planting direct into the greenhouses
have been successful in getting a full growth. The carnation center for the
East is now on Long Island.

Violets have maintained a good price throughout for first quality. The
crop the past season was very large. The violet center to-day is at Rhinebeck.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 131

N. Y. One builder alone got out material for 75,000 square feet. The plants
are looking very well at present, and the violet men expect a tremendous
crop for the coming year. We have reached a higher standard now, and
the public is educated right up to the mark, and will only buy the best; so if
the small grower will continue to produce inferior blooms, he wilj surely
go to the wall.

Through the efforts of the Department of Agriculture at Washington it
is possible to-day to grow violets in old houses year after year by using
a remedy in hj-drocyanic acid gas, that destroys all insect life. Violets will
not stand tobacco in any form. With plenty of new sod and your houses
so arranged that you can ventilate from the outside, you ought to have no
trouble to get the quality.

The American Rose Society held its annual show at the Berkeley Lyceum,
New York. It was a creditable show, with a fair attendance. The Society
meets in Philadelphia next year, where its exhibition will also be held.

The Horticultural Society of New York, in conjunction with the New
York Botanical Garden, held an exhibition in the museum of the garden in
June last, where the $50 award of the Society was made to Nephrolepis
Piersoni, a sport of the well-known Boston fern.

The New York Committee of the Chrysanthemum Society of America
met at its usual stated periods, and awarded certificates to the following
varieties : Cremo and John R. W^eir. Fewer varieties were exhibited before
this committee the past chrysanthemum season than heretofore.

The New York Florists' Club will hold a grand exhibition of flowers,
fruits, plants and vegetables in Madison Square Garden October 30 to No-
vember 6, 1902. In connection with this show the American Sculpture
Society will make a displaj' of sculpture work, the combination creating
an exhibition unexcelled in the metropolis.

The club now publishes in pamphlet form the papers read before it during
the year; exhibitions of flowers are also made monthly. The attendance
has been gratifying, and the association continues on a good working basis.

A plant-breeding conference under the auspices of the Horticultural So-
ciety of New York will be held in Manhattan in September next. Prominent
scientists and practical horticulturists will read papers, and a most instructive
program has been prepared.

The Brookhn Horticultural Society was organized in June last, to carry
on the work preparatory to the coming convention and meeting of the Amer-
ican Carnation Society, which will be held in Brooklyn in February next.
A grand display of the divine flower will be forthcoming. The Horticultural
Society will be a permanent institution.

The death roll includes the following names :

Charles H. Downie, prominent seedsman.

John Fitzgerald, wholesale florist. New York City.

M. J. Lynch, of Poughkeepsie, violet grower.

A. C. McConnell, retail florist, New York.

Gabriel Dorval, salesman.

The New York Cut Flower Exchange has taken quarters in the Coogan
Building, Sixth avenue and Twenty-sixth street. The market is now opened
at 6 a. m. The East Thirty-fourth street market is still continued. Respect-
fully submitted, Alfred H. LANGJ.^HR, State Vice-President.

NEW YORK, WEST.

I have the honor of submitting the following report:

From information received, business has been very good, better than

last year. The demand for plants for holiday trade increased greatly. The

Decoration Day trade for cut flowers and plants for country decorations

was far in advance of other years. Plants for garden and lawn decoration

132 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

were also in greater demand. Considerable remodeling and enlarging of
greenhouse establishments has taken place during the Summer. The follow-
ing-named : Mr. Fred Lewis, of Lockport, has built one new house. W'm.
Scott of Buffalo, has twenty-five thousand feet of glass. Lakeview Green-
houses,, of Jamestown, N. Y., I am informed, have made a large addition
this year. This is the home of the new firm of Walter Mott Co.

As far as I can ascertain, very few have suft'ered from water, hail or fire.
Failures have been few. The Buffalo Florists' Club is still in existence and
doing business at the foot of Lake Erie, under the presidency of Mr. Braik,
Assistant Superintendent of Buffalo Parks. It will not be necessary for me
to comment on this, as the S. A. F. have visited it and you have not for-
gotten it since last year.

Ladies and gentlemen, my term of office has been short and I have been
very busy during that lime, and hope you will excuse the shortcomings in
this report. Thomas Mansfield, State Vicc-Prcsidcin.

NORTH CAROLINA.

As vice-president of North Carolina, I beg leave to submit the following
report of progress for the past year :

Only one new plant has come to our notice, the Abies arizonica argentea
(silver cork fir), introduced by the Pinehurst Nurseries.

The largest increase of glass structures is at Pomona, where J. Van Lind-
ley & Co. are erecting two new houses, one i6 x 84 feet, for general stock, and
one 34x200 feet for carnations. There is also an increase of glass at Raleigh,
Wilmington and other points.

There has been an increased demand for roses, evergreens and shrubbery,
showing a healthy growth of the desire on the part of our people for perma-
nent improvement of their homes ; also an increased demand for pklms,
ferns and other stock for house decoration, and a slight decrease in the
demand for Summer bedding stock.

The demand for cut flowers shows a healthy and steady increase, espe-
cially for funeral work. There is a call for a better quality of stock.

This branch of the business in North Carolina had a long and slow
struggle for existence. With a climate that gives flowers out of doors for
about ten months in the year, and every home in city, town and village with
more or less pretension to a flower garden, it was hard to make our people
believe that flowers had any money value. But some of us have been sowing
seed for the past thirty years, and the reaping day has come at last, and we
will all rejoice together.

The struggle for existence among our people for the past thirty-five years
has prevented, very largely, much being done in landscape gardening, but our
people have met with good success in their business, and are now turning
their attention to building fine homes, and surrounding them with beautiful
grounds. 1^he work accomplished at Biltmore, which we will all be privi-
leged to see, has done very much to revive the love for this branch of horti-
culture. I say revive, because in the old days it was here this work flour-
ished, and we will again take our proper place in the front in gardening
outdoors.

The extremely dry Spring and Summer we fear has cut short the prospect
for a full crop of bulbs, and just here we would say that the desire to get
cheap stock on the part of at least some of the wholesale houses at the North
has done much to demoralize this branch of the business. The givmg of
contracts to farmers, who possess no knowledge of the work, has flooded
the market with very inferior stock, and run prices below what really care-
fully grown ))ulbs can be produced for. Be careful, gentlemen, or the goose

may be killed. . ,„,,■, -kt u

And now, lest I weary you, I will close by saymg. Welcome to North

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 1.33

Carolina, the only State in the Union that can fill every blank sent out by
the Department of Agriculture."

James M. Lamb, State Vice-President..

OHIO, NORTHERN.

Another year has passed around since the Society of American Florists
met in convention at Buffalo. N. Y. I, as your State vice-president for
northern Ohio, am pleased to say that with the florists about here this year
has been a prosperous one, and the twentieth century opens with prosperity
for the florists who are alive and up-to-date, and who keep pace with the
times. You can easily tell the florist who is not prosperous by his sur-
roundings. Enter his establishment, and we find everything topsy-tnrvy — old
wire designs lying around, broken glass, old boards, piles of broken pots; etc.
His make-shift of a desk is covered with old papers, letters, books, cata-
logues, etc., and all this covered with dust and cobwebs, and with barely
room enough on which to write an order when he gets one ; tools lying about ;
with no special place for them, they are dropped wherever the person using
them happens to be, and the ne.xt one wanting the tools will have to spend
half of his time hunting for them. This kind of a place reminds one more
of a second-class junk shop than a prosperous greenhouse establishment,
and indicates a slovenly, shiftless business man. We have many such in our
ranks, and I hope if any of this class read these lines they will take the hint
that they are meant by these remarks to profit by the same, and will try to
bring themselves and their business up to the standing at which they ought
to be in the commercial world — in the foremost rank. For is he not the culti-
vator of the beauties of nature? Therefore he should by his surroundings
show the truth of this, and that he appreciates the fact that the florist busi-
ness is one of the most elevating and refining of all occupations.

There was a marked increase in the demand for first-class flowers- during
the holidays. Nothing was too good, and stock brought an equivalent price.
The holiday business, in fact the florist business during the whole year, has
been much better than formerly. I think I can with safety say that there
has been an average increase of 25 per cent, over that of any previous year.

At a Farmers' Institute held in Tifiin by the Agricultural Society of
Seneca County, under the auspices of the State Agricultural Department, an
article on floriculture was delivered by your humble servant, in which par-
ticular stress was placed on beautifying the grounds surrounding farmers'
homes. Among other things mentioned were rose beds, in which the plants
from the benches of our rose houses were recommended. This proved very
fruitful. We succeeded in selling about 2.500 of Bride, Bridesmaid. Golden
Gate, Perle des Jardins, etc., which paid very well for the time it took to get up
the address before the Institute. We sold the plants at the rate of 15c. each,
whether one or more was taken ; and selling the number we did in so short
a time, it paid much better than throwing the plants on a heap and burning
them up. I have made it a point to inquire as to the result, and universally
the buyers are well pleased, as the roses are blooming profusely. This sale
of stock, which is usually considered worthless, assisted very materially in
replanting our rose houses for the coining season.

There is an increased demand for perennials, especially among the farm-
ing community.

The season was very backward, cold and rainv weather prevailing, which.
when it did let up, brought the work all into a bunch. Everybody wanted
his bedding done first. The increased demand for porch and window boxes,
hanging baskets and general bedding, made the florist who had a good deal
of that kind of work to do exert himself in order to please all his customers.
The demand has been so brisk with most of the florists in this section that

l'^4 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

by the first of July they were all pretty well sold out of bedding stock, getting
better prices, and having less trouble to collect outstanding accounts.

Those of the craft who more or less extensively grow cut flowers have
at this date nearly all of their rose houses planted, and some are making
preparations to house carnations. So far as I have heard, the carnations
in the field are looking well, with few exceptions, where they were planted
on low land, and were covered with water caused by the overflow of streams
swelled beyond their capacity by the rains. In such places the growers are
losing some plants by stem rot. With me, the overflow took the soil from
one end of the field, leaving the plants upon stilts, as it were, and burying
them at the other end, so that after the water had receded one could see only
an occasional leaf sticking through the mud. These had to be uncovered, and
the surplus soil hauled back to where the water had brought it from and put
around the plants from which it was taken. Doing this work promptly and
carefully, my loss was but slight. Had the sun shone my loss would have been
greater; but for three days following this severe rain storm the weather was
cloudy, so that the plants which had their roots exposed did not suffer. I lost
a few plants which were covered with soil too long ; we could not handle them
until the water had drained off, which was a slow process in some parts of the
field, and the plants rotted.

Quite a number of florists about here are very much troubled with thrips
on their roses and carnations, principally the latter; we never before have
known the pest so destructive as this season.

Lewis Ulrich, State Vice-President.

PENNSYLVANIA, EAST.

Commercial floriculture in Eastern Pennsylvania has been prosperous
during the past year. A good deal of new glass has been erected notwith-
standing the increased cost of materials — a pretty sure indication that opera-
tions have been profitable. The tendency is for larger greenhouses and more
permanent. More iron is now being used in their construction and various
other improvements are noticeable. There has been practically no change in
the growing or marketing of flowers. Higher quality is necessary to bring
the same figures as ruled in the past, so that it requires the best equipment
to get full returns. In addition to the staple crops for cut flowers large quan-
tities of foliage plants are still being grown in this locality for home con-
sumption and outside demand. Establishments having what is known as a
local trade and who combine all branches of the business have experienced
quite an increase in the demand for hard}' flowering plants, such as phloxes,
peonies, Irises and others, for the embellishment of th lawn and garden. The
use of soft-wooded stock has not been increasing, the tendency seems to be
to use less of that class of plants ; but there is no very pronounced change as
yet. Landscape operations have been quite active. There is hardly a neigh-
borhood in this part of the State but what there is some work of the kind
going on and there are three or four operations of large dimensions. Im-
provements costing from ten to fifty thousand dollars each are numerous. In
the larger operations the contracts will run into hundreds of thousanos by
the time they are completed. On the whole we can say for Eastern Penn-
sylvania that gardening in all its branches is unusually active, and the land-
scaf e gardens, the florists, the nurserymen and the seedsmen are making hay
while the sun shines. All who desire the advancement of floriculture will
doubtless be gratified to hear of this encouraging state of affairs.

George C. Watson, State Vice-President.

PENNSYLVANIA, WEST.

The past season has been a highly successful one in every particular.
Flowering and bedding plants sold away beyond expectations, with red gera-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 135

niums and French cannas in the lead. In the decorative Hne, pahiis and bay
trees of larger sizes held first place. John Bader, of our city, having a large
importation of both, had sold out completely; as did numerous other firms
here.

I may mention that of the commonly called "rubber plant" the sale
reached such proportions as to make one think this plant has become almost
a household necessity. -William Loew, State Vice-President.

RHODE ISLAND.

As vice-president for the State of Rhode Island, I take pleasure in submit-
ting the following report :

Trade in general has been up to the average, the prevailing feeling being
that we have had a prosperous year. Although business was dull during the
early Fall, after Thanksgiving it kept up quite well. Chrysanthemums came
in during their season in fine shape, but the market was overstocked with them,
consequent!}' the prices were not as high as the}' ought to have been. After
Thanksgiving, business took a start and kept up well even through Lent.
Christmas trade was very good, with a scarcity of finer flowers and an over-
abundance of bulbous stock. The plant trade showed an increase over last
year and anything with fruit or flowers sold well.

After the holidays there was not as much of a check in business as in
former years, and with a steady supply of first-class stock, trade held up well
through Easter.

The weather conditions before Easter were very fine, consequently the
market was supplied with first-class stock. Lilies, in pots as well as cut
blooms, sold very well. Had it not been for a stormy Saturday preceding
Easter Sunday there would have lieen still more business done, but, thanks
to so many orders being taken in advance, stock was pretty well cleaned
up during Sunday morning.

The Spring trade started late on account of cold, weather, but when the
warm weather did come plants sold very well. On Decoration Day there
were a great number of bouquets, ready made up, sold in the city of Provi-
dence, at an advance over the price of former years. This was brought about
by the retailers combining and arranging a price which was fair, and which
allowed them to make a creditable bouquet.

Trade held up well into the Summer, and our numerous fashionable shore
resorts still take care of any good stock to be had. American Beauty and
Liberty roses find a better market than in former years, and Boston fern
is still a great favorite.

The florist business is on the increase in Little Rhody; there is an abun-
dant supply for our own State and still enough of first-class stock left to ship
into other States.

Before another year, if material is in reach, we expect to have some
additions as well as new places to report.

Louis Reuter, State Vice-President.

WEST VIRGINIA.

I have the honor as well as the pleasure of making the first report from
our small, but prosperous mountain State. This State has passed through
one of the most prosperous years in the history of horticulture ; all florists
seem to be well satisfied with the business done the past year. Bedding plants
were sold out cleaner than ever before. Cannas are taking a leading part
in bedding plants. Prices have been satisfactory. In cut flowers this State
has never been able to supply the demand and a great many are shipped here
from adjoining States. In cut flowers, carnations take the lead and bring
good prices; during holidays good blooms realize as high as $2 to $2.50 per

loG PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

dozen, the average price during the Winter being 75c. to $1 per dozen. There
was a big demand for cut flowers until late in the Spring. Easter trade was
very good; there was a great call for potted plants, and everything in that
line was sold out.

There has been a great deal of glass added by several firms this season,
one firm alone adding about 10,000 feet of glass.

Chrysanthemums are looking well at this time. There seems to be a
better sale for them in the last few years. Carnations are doing fine; the
season here, it seems, has been just right, with a good rain about once a week.

There has been hail all over this section this Summer, but the florists have
been lucky enough not to be damaged much by it. Brother florists, "better
lock your stable before the horse is stolen."

I would like to mention that this State ofifers a good opportunity to some
enterprising young men who would like to start into business for themselves,
as the State is growing very rapidly, and many small towns could and would
support a florist, for each new greenhouse in a new town creates a demand
for more flowers.

It is very hard to get new members for the S. A. F., but I think we have
some of them stirred up and by keeping at them may j'et succeed in lining
them up and bringing them into the Society, that they may be benefited by
our organization. G. Obermever, State Vice-President.

WISCONSIN.

The past year seemed to be one of general progress in the florists' trade.
Nearly everything which was well grown found a ready market. The most
noticeable increase was in the bedding line. Many of the smaller localities,
where formerly little outdoor work was done, are now following ideas laid
out in larger cities, and the demand for plants was in excess of supply.
Growers and retailers all had a profitable season ; and many new names appear
in the list of florists. New establishments liave been opened in cities where
formerly there was no florist. The increase in glass throughout the State may
foot up about :200,ooo square feet. The continued high price of glass, however,,
deters many from making new additions.

Blooming plants are being called for as well as palms and ferns at most
of the holidays, almost in excess of cut flowers, especially when prices for the
latter are high. The outlook for next season is prosperous.

C. C. PoLLWORTH, State Vice-President.

It is with pleasure that I report the most marked advance in the florists'
business over any former year, the Christmas and New Year holiday trade
being fully fifteen per cent, better than ever before in our leading city, as well
as country trade. The public seemed willing to pay any price for first-class
stock, thus strongly supporting my contention that good work and service will
always find appreciative and profitable recognition.

This happy condition of afifairs will be an incentive to the trade to make
quality the first consideration.

The supply of Begonia Gloire de Lorraine in pans fell far short of the
demand in Hamilton. Ottawa, Toronto, London and Montreal. Pans of prim-
ulas, three or four plants each, sold well, also all staple lines in cut flowers
and decorative plants.

Palms, azaleas, ferns, cyclamens, primulas and bulbous stock sold well,
and larger sales were made at advanced prices for high quality in roses,
carnations and chrysanthemums.

The trade during January continued most satisfactory. Mignonette, sweet
peas and bulbous stock were in small quantity, with an unusual supply of

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 13?

freesia, and plenty of violets and carnations. In Toronto, Hamilton and
Ottawa the supply of orchids was much under the demand.

Toronto trade was not affected by the Lenten season, and St. Valentine's
day created exceptionally heavy demands for violets.

With the advancing season greater activity and hopefulness were mani-
fested in all lines. Retail trade was good, with a plentiful supply of roses,
carnations, violets and bulbous stock.

Montreal trade was dull after Easter, with an ample supply of all stocks,
particularly bulbous, which was over-abundant. Violets sold well; asparagus
and smila.x were scarce.

Toronto business after Easter was good. Stocks were plentiful except
violets, which were scarce and in good demand. Roses ruled somewhat
cheaper. Sweet peas were coming in early in April.

All Toronto florists rejoiced over the Easter business, the aggregate sales
in which were twelve per cent, higher than last year, and never before had an
Easter season shown better stock. Carnations were not over plentiful, but
the fancies were splendid. Lily of the valley sold well and violets at good
prices.

Li plants there never was a better variety, and the appearance of the
stores was never excelled.

Ottawa's Easter trade was very good, with the supply of stock equal to
the demand, and all of which was of a satisfactory character.

With the opening season for outdoor work, the sale of bedding plants was
very satisfactory, but I regret to report serious damage by late frosts to
carnations in the field, as well as other stock.

On the whole, the season was backward, the severe late frosts being fol-
lowed by continued cool and showery weather all through the month of June.

While not able to report any building of special note, I am able to refer
to a general improvement and extension in existing plants, showing a general
tendency toward increased facilities and production, with a healthy and hopeful
progress all along the line. H. H. Groff, State Vice-President.

138 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

REPORTS OF EXHIBITION COMMITTEES.

CLASS A, PLANTS.

A Gold Medal is awarded to

F. R. Pierson Co., Tarrytown, X. Y., for a group of Nephrolepis Pier-
soni. Man\' magnificent specimens were staged, of various sizes, both in
pots and pans. The committee consider this the finest decorativ.e fern intro-
duced in recent years. In Nephrolepis it represents what Farleyense does
among" the Adiantums.

A Silver Medal to Rol^ert Bottomley, Biltmore, N. C, for magnificent
colJectioii of Kentias, many specimens l)eing the finest the committee have
ever seen.

A Silver Medal to William R. Smith, Botanic Garden, Washington, D. C,
for collection of new and rare plants, among which were fine specimens of
Pandanus Pancheri, Plat3xerium Hillii, Maranta smaragdyna, and well-pitch-
ered Nepenthes, including Williamsii. Chelsonii, ?^Iorgani;e, c\'lindrica, Ham-
iltonice, and others.

Certificates of Merit are awarded as follows :

■ Henry. ]Al Dreer, Philadelphia, Pa., for large collection of commercial
pahns, .ferns, araiicarjas, pandanuses, and small ferns for jardinieres; espe-
daHy.-^good i>lants<.of Araucaria excelsa and A. robusta.

Charles D. Ball, Holmesburg, Pa., for collection of excellently grown
palms and other decorative plants.

J. A. Peterson, Cincinnati, O., for group of Pandanus Veitchii and well-
grown Begonia Gloire de Lorraine.

Robert Craig & Son, Philadelphia, Pa., for gnuip of decorative plants,
including a fine display of crotons and palms.

H. A. Siebrecht & Son. New Rochelle, N. Y.. for large group of deco-
rative plants, including palms, ferns, drac;enas. pandanuses, a well-grown
Steven.sonia grandifolia. and Ananas sativa variegata.

L. H. Foster, Dorchester, Mass., for fine specimen of the new fern
Nephrolepis "Anna Foster."

Honorable Mention to

Pinehurst Nurseries. Pinchurst, N. C, for group of Southern grown
hardy shrubs.

Henrj' Eichholz, Waynesboro, Pa., for collection of zonal geraniums.

Mrs. H. Rehder. \\'ilmington, N. C, for collection of Sarracenias and
Dionseas.

James M. Lamb, Fayetteville, N. C, for collection of Sarracenias, Dion-
seas, and native orchids.

George Wittbold Co., Chicago, 111., for collection of palms and Nephro-
lepis.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 139

Jessamine Gardens, Jessamine, Fla., for collection of orange trees.

Clucas & Boddington Co., New York City, for ca^e of unestablished orchids,
Oncidium varicosum Rogersii. and three varieties of Begonia Gloire de
Lorraine.

The following e.xhibits are highly commended :

A. C. Oelschig, Savannah. Ga., collection of ficuses, well-grown in small
pots, particularly the variegated type.

P. J. Berckmans Co., Augusta, Ga., a collection of commercial palms,
cahidiums and other decorative plants; also samples of field-grown roses and
hydrangeas.

P. J. Berckmans Co., collection of evergreens, including Biota filiformis
Japonica, Althaea Meehanii variegata, and well-grown camellias.

Lemuel Ball, Wissinoming, Pa., collection of well-grown palms and other
decorative plants.

Harry Papworth,
William Scott,
Lewis Ullrich,

Judges.

class b, cut flowers.

A Certificate of Merit is awarded to Arthur Cowee, Berlin, N. Y., for
three sections of gladioli of the latest introductions of H. H. Groff; also for
his Meadowvale mixture of gladioli, a grand collection.

Louis J. Reuter,
Geo. Wittbold,
C. E. Critchell,

Judges.

class c, boilers and heating app.\ratus.

A Certificate of Merit is awarded to

Lord & Burnham Co., Irvington, N. Y., for round steam boiler, on ac-
count of convenience of handling, accessibility of parts for cleaning, large fire-
box in proportion to grate surface. It is cast in one piece from base to top,
thus doing away with the possibility of leaky joints.

H. A. Hart,
Jas. Hartshorne,
Geo. M. Kellogg,

Judges.

class d, greenhouse appliances and flower pots.

Certificates of Merit are awarded as follows :

H. Thaden, Atlanta, Ga., for Thaden's wire tendril.

L N. Kramer & Son, Cedar Rapids, la., for non-freezable galvanized iron
valley gutter and drip collector; also for Kramer's patent adjustable tubular
greenhouse construction and wire pot hangers.

140 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

Detroit Flower Pot Co., Detroit, Mich., for quick shifting flower pot.

Andfers 'Rasmussen, New Albany, Ind., for new self-balancing cast-iron
venlilator.

Central Foundry Co., New York, for cast-iron pipe for low-pressure steam
and hot water, with patent coupHng, a valuable method of pipe fitting.

Honorable Mention to :

J. L. Dillon. Bloomsburg, Pa., for composition for gutters and posts, zinc
capsiand system of sub-irrigation.

■ Ch'adborn ]\Ifg. Co., Newburgh. X. Y., for patent automatic ventilator.

Lord & Burnham Co., Irvington, X. Y.. for ventilating apparatus, angle-
iron 'post and greenhouse putty.

Quaker City Machine Co., Richnu >nd. Ind.. for Evans Challenge ventilat-
ing apparatus and iron pipe liaugers and bracks t^,

Geo. ]\I. Garland, Des Plaines. 111., for Garland's iron gutter.

Other notable exhibits were:

Wm. H. Ernest, Washington, D. C, standard flower pots.
W. J. Cowee, Berlin, N. Y., wired toothpicks.
H. M. Altick, Dayton, O., pot labels.
J. G. & A. Esler, Saddle River, X. J., rubber hose.

Stnmpp & Walter Co., New York, hose, thermometers, brass syringes,
putty 'bulbs; etc.'

Siebrecht & Son, New Rochelle. X^. Y., patent greenhouse shading device.
H. Beaulieu, Woodhaven, N. Y., 20th Century hot-bed sash and garden
tools.

Jas. S. Wilson,
Jas. Taylor.
C. H. HUNE,

Judges.
CLASS E, florists' SUPPLIES.

ft. paj'ersdorfer & Co.. Philadelphia. Pa., exhibit a general line of up-to-
daie ahcl necessary requisites for the retail florist. Specially attractive are
the displays of baskets, metal designs, etc.. the assortment being large and
varied, giving the retail florist the latest ideas along the lines exhibited.

Samuel S. Pennock, Philadelphia, Pa., makes by far the largest and most
comprehensive display of the newest things in ribbons and kindred requisites
for the retail florist ever shown at a meeting of the S. A. F. In a large degree
the disp'laj- is manufactured specially for Air. Pennock's trade.

W. C. Kritk, Brooklyn, N. Y., makes a creditable display of his immor-
telle good, folding and adjustable plant stand and tree holder.

Schloss Bros., New York, make a good display of florists" ribbons, cords-
tassels and similar novelties.

. fempije Printifig & Box Co., Atlanta, Ga., exhibit folding boxes for flor-
ists' use, and other things in boxes, odd, novel and attractive in shape.

J. Stern, Philadelphia, Pa., makes an elegant display of wax flowers and

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 141

wax doral designs of his own manufacture, the arrangement and harmony of
coloring being all that could be desired.

Dayton Paper Novelty Co., Dayton, O., exhibit their folding boxes for
florists.

T. L. Banner & Co., Montezuma, N. C, for the season of the year make a
very creditable display of galax leaves and leucothcE sprays.

E. J. Bush,
John Westcott,
Wm. M. Lindsay,

cl.'\ss f, bulbs and seeds.
The following exhibits are Highly Commended :

The Brooks Sisters, Sorrento, Fla., a large and interesting exhibit of
seeds of Leptopus or "'Mexican rose vine," also Abrus precatorius.

Jessamine Gardens, Jessamine, Fla., bulbs of Crinum Kirkii.

Other notable exhibits :

Vaughan's Seed Store, Chicago and New York, a large assortment of
seasonable bulbs, including Lilium longiflorum from cold storage.

Segers Bros., Holland, especially fine assortment of tulip and hyacinth
bulbs.

H. A. Dreer, Philadelphia, Pa., three sizes of Lilium Harrisii ; also
Roman hyacinths.

Siebrecht & Sons, New Rochellc, N. Y., three sizes of Lilium Harrisii.
Stumpp & Walter Co., New York, very fine display of seasonable biilbs,
Lilium Harrisii, hyacinths, tulips, etc.

Clucas & Boddington Co., New York, a fine lot of Lilium longiflorum
from cold storage.

Wm. F. Gude, •
J. T. Temple^
Jacob Schulz,

Judges.

AMERICAN-GROWN FORCING BULBS, FOR TESTING.

Exhibits of American-grown forcing Indbs were made by

Griffin Bros., Jacksonville, Fla., Harrisii lilies.

Misses Wilson, Sorrento, Fla.. narcissi in several varieties.

Poat Bros., Ettrick, Va., narcissi in several varieties.

With the exception of Messrs. Griffing Bros.' exhibit, which was uncere-
moniously appropriated by visitors at the exhibition, the bulbs above men-
tioned have been placed in the hands of an experienced grower for testing as
to forcing ciualities, and report thereon will be made ne.xt season.

142

PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

THE TRADE EXHIBl'ITON.

Recognizing the heavy freight charges and other tlrawbacks to making
an extensive exhibit at Asheville. the executive committee instructed the sec-
retarj' to offer exhibition space at a reduced rate, the charge to be from 14
cents to 20 cents per square foot, according to amount taken. It is gratif3'ing
to say that practically every available foot of space was taken and the exhibi-
tors were well satisfied with results. Account of receipts and expenditures
is as follows :

Sales Exhibition Space.

$31 50

Lord & Burnham Co.

Henry Eichholz

P. J. Berckmans Co.
Robert Craig & Son.

H. A. Dreer

C. D. Ball

J. M. Lamb

Lemuel Ball

F. R. Pierson Co 1400

Pinehurst Nurseries . .
J. F. Croom & Bro ....

Mrs. H. Rehder

J. Austin Shaw

H. A. Siebrecht & Son
Bayersdc>rf er & Co . . .

Robert Kift

H. J. Smith

J. G. & A. Esler .-

H. Thaden

Empire Ptg. & Box Co.

S. S. Pennock

Schloss Bros

J. Stern

W. C. Krick

L. B. Brague

H. Beaulieu

W. H. Ernest

H. M. Altick

J. A. Peterson

A. Cowee

Quaker City Mach.

Wks

Central Foundry Co. .
Dillon's G'house Mfg.

Co

Chadborn Mfg Co....
C. S. Van Waveren...

Bobbink & Atkins

CKicas & Boddington

Co

Vaughan's Seed Store
Stumpp & Walter Co.
Jessamine Gardens. . .

Amer. Florist Co

Florists' Exchange. . . .

A. Rassmussen

Newburv & Co

8

00

35

00

14

00

28

00

9

60

2

70

4 50

14

00

7

20

2

00

2

70

4 SO

24

50

70

00

7

20

2

00

2

00

2

00

8

00

21

00

3

60

8

00

2

70

3

60

4 50

2

70

4

50

7

20

8

00

4 32

10

24

17 50.

6 48

5

40

5

30^

8

00

9

60

14

00

3

24

II

.S2

8

28

3

60

2

00

J. A. Kramer

Mich. Cut Flow. Co.

J. L. Banner

Geo. Wittbold Co...

Geo. M. Garland

H. F. Michell

Brooks Sisters

2 00
2 00
2 00

4 50
2 00
2 70
2 00

Sale of Lumber.
Sale of Table. .

Uncollected

$471

88

10

00

I

00

$482

88

5

30

Expenditures.

June and July, stenog-
rapher and postage. $12 35

August I to 8, stenog-
rapher and postage. 7 20

Special trip to Ashev. 43 00

Premium on Surety
Bond 7 50

Ashev. Hardware Co. 9 y6

W. H. Westfall. lum-
ber 53 80

D F. Mitchell, carpen-
ter 35 00

D. F. :\Iitchell, labor. 25 45
J. C. Fowler, replacing

seats 28 00

Cleaning floor 6 00

Sundry repairs 4 85

P. A. Marquardt. re-
freshments, ice, etc. 18 50
Battery Park, refresh-
ments 5 40

Cotton cloth 23 81

E. Kirstein, Mgr 30 00

E. Kirstein. Mgr., la-

TO 50
i; 00

$477 58

bor and postage.
Assistants

%2,i^ 12
Passed to Treasurer $141 46

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 143

DEPARTMENT OF PLANT REGISTRATION.

LIST OF VARIETIES REGISTERED UP TO AUGUST 2, ig02.

July 12, 1898. — Rose Clara Barton. Flesh pink, with rose center; double,
fragrant, everblooming. By Conard & Jones Co.

July 12, 1898. — Canna Admiral Schley. Orange scarlet, spotted bright crim-
son, edged yellow; reverse showing bright yellow markings. B3' Conard
& Jones Co.

July 12, i8g8. — Canna General Shafter. (Now extinct.) By Conard & Jones
Co.

Oct. 29, 1898. — Pelargonium Sandiford's Surprise. Upper petals black blotched,
edged fiery red, surrounded with broad band of white ; lower petals white
with red spot in center. By Robt. Sandiford.

Oct. 20, 1898. — Pelargonium Sandiford's Wonder. Semi-double, white, heav-
ily fringed and crumpled; some flowers showing small maroon spots on
upper petals. By Robert Sandiford.

Oct. 29, 1898. — Pelargonium Sandiford's Best. Pink, broadly edged with
white ; throat white ; large round truss. By Robert Sandiford.

Nov. 10, 1898. — Rose Admiral Dewey. A light pink sport from Mme. Caro-
line Testout. B}' John H. Taylor.

Nov. 2/, 1898. — Rose Baltimore. Flowers very large, white, tinted delicate
shell pink in center; foliage massive; cross between Mme. Antoine Rivoire
and Mary Fitzwilliam. By John Cook.

Dec. 30, 1898. — Chrysanthemum Regina (Silver Cloud x I'Enfant de Deux
Mondes). Color creamy white; bloom of the Frank Hardy type, but with
no tendency to crook neck. By Alex. MacLellan.

Jan. 3, 1899. — Rose Lillian Nordica (Margaret Dickson x Mme. Hoste). Color
white, buds long, flowers large, double; strong tea fragrance; foliage
dark green, growth vigorous. By M. H. Walsh.

Jan. 19, 1899. — Rose Maid of Honor. A spurt from Catherine Mermet ; pink
in color. Bj' Hofifmeister Floral Co.

Jan. 25, 1899. — Violet Columbia. A seedling of 1896, from Wellsiana, prob-
ably crossed with California. Flowers large, pansy-shaped, fragrant ; pet-
als thick, color of Princesse de Galles ; stems medium length, thick, and
: holding flowers erect; leaves round, medium size, and leathery. Habit
. of plant similar to Wellsiana, but. unlike that variety, propagates easily
from runners ; a continuous bloomer. By F. W. Fletcher.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Neptune (Marguerite Hybrid). ]\[agenta violet.
By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation J^Iercury (M. H.). Red. By C. Eisele.. :

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Venus (M. H.). White, with pink stripes. By C.
Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Jupiter (M. H.). Daybreak color. By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Uranus (M. H.). Maroon. By C. Eisele.

Jan. 2-, 1899. — Carnation Rising Sun (M. H.). Sulphur yellow. By C. Eisele.

144 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CON\-ENTI0N

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Saturn CSl. H.). Deep crimson. By C. Eisclc.

Jan. 27, I'^g.- — Carnation Vulcan (M. H.). Red. By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Vesuvius CSi. H.). Light red. By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Estella { M. H.). White, heavily striped with pink.
By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899.— Carnation Minerva (M. H.). Rosy pink. By C. Eisele.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Carnation Mars (M. H.). Deep rose. By C. Eisele.

Feb. I, 1899.^ — Canna Red Indian. Robust grower, bronze foliage ; flowers
deep scarlet, petals large and rounding; stalks five to six-branched. By
J. C. Vaughan.

Feb. I, 1899. — Canna Mandarin. Height, si.x feet; bronze foliage; same char-
acter as Discolor; flowers pure orange, large, and carried well above the
foliage. By J. C. Vaughan.

Feb. I, 1899. — Canna Victory. Height live feet; robust grower; flower stalks
■ seven to nine-branched; foliage very large and thick; flowers largest size,
petals measuring one and seven-eighths inches, and suggesting a possible
crossing of the Italian with the Crozy sorts; color orange scarlet, with
crimson veins running lengthwise of petal, and bordered with irregular
band of yellow; small lower petal and throat mottled yellow. By J. C.
Vaughan.

Feb. 4, 1899. — Carnation Olympia. A clear white, with scarlet stripings. By
John N . May.

Feb. 25, 1899. — Ro.sc Frances E. \\'illard (Marie Guillot x Coquette dc Lyon).
Growth vigorous, foliage large; height five to six feet; flower pure white,
three to four inches in diameter ; hud short, very double and perfect. By
Good & Reese Co.

Feb. 27, 1899. — Geranium America. A seedling from ]^lars. Growth dwarf;
foliage zoned, color shaded from pure white to deep rose; flowers large
and round, blotched, and striped so that no two appear of identical color;
more floriferous than Mars. By Henry Eichholz.
March 27, 1899. — Rose Liberty. Parentage an unknown seedling of ]\Irs. W.
S. Grant, crossed with itself, which was fertilized with Victor Hugo.
Flower ruby red, medium sized, fragrant, borne on strong, stiff stems,
mostly singly, and needing no tying. Plant erect growing, making a com-
pact bush; a continuous bloomer. Foliage medium size, with five round-
ish leaflets very shapely and evenly serrate on the margins. Spines mod-
erately numerous, straight, and irregularly scattered on the stems. By
E. G. Asmus.
April 6, 1899. — Rose Ivory. A sport from Golden Gate : color ivory white.

By The American Rose Co.
May 20, 1899.— Cypripedium insigne var. Mrs. G. B. Wilson. Habit strong,
leaves long, light green in color; flowers large and well formed; dorsal
sepal yellow, with a few indistinct embossed-like marks; petals long and
yellow; lip rather pointed, shining, and of a bright yellow color: the
brightest of the yellow type vet introduced. By W. A. Manda.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 145

June 15, 1899. — Hemerocallis Florham (H. aurantiaca major x H. Thunber-
gii). Habit intermediate; foliage as in aurantiaca major, but narrower
and more elongated, arching outward ; flower spikes three to four feet in
height, flowers six inches in diameter ; sepals yellow, sufifused with orange ;
petals canary yellow. By A. Herrington.

July 25, 1899. — Dendrobium nobile Mrs. Geo. B. Wilson. Bulbs very strong,
rather thick, closely set with light green leaves. The flowers are nearly
double the size of the ordinary form, with sepals and petals of a rich, deep
crimson; lip very large, yellowish, with maroon blotch. By W. A. Manda.

Aug. 25, 1899. — Cattleya gigas atropurpurea. Well-balanced flower, sepals and
petals extremely dark ; lip verj^ large, intense purple. By Lager & Hurrell.

Aug. 25, 1899. — Cattleya Hardyana Robbiana ; flowers very large; sepals and
petals rosy mauve ; lip deep crimson, veined on disc with yellow, the large
yellow spots on each side traversed with magenta veins radiating from
the center. A natural hybrid from Colombia. By Lager & Hurrell.

Sept. 18, i8gg. — Canna Governor Roosevelt. A sport from an unknown variety.
Strong, compact haijit ; foliage light green; height four feet; color red
and yellow, irregularly striped ; some flowers all red, the yellow slightly
dotted with red. Flowers full average size and good form. By Peter
Henderson & Co.

Sept. 21, 1899. — Geranium Little Pink (Mars x Asa Gray). Very dwarf,
branching, very free. Color bright pink. By W. E. Hall.

Sept. 21, 1899. — Geranium Clyde. Sport from Mrs. E. G. Hill. Habit same
as parent ; foliage somewhat lighter green. Color soft, brilliant scarlet.
By W. E. Hall.

Sept. 21, 1899. — Rose J. S. Fay (Prince Camille de Rohan x Pierre Netting).
Vigorous, free, and as hardy as the hardiest of the H. P. class. Color
deep crimson ; tips of petals bright scarlet. By ^L H. Walsh.

Nov. I, 1899. — Carnation Eleanor Ames (Wm. Scott x Daybreak). Tidal
Wave color; Scott habit, but stronger and taller growth. By Donald
Carmichael.

Nov. I, 1899. — Carnation i\lay Whitney (Daybreak x Edith Foster). Color
white; Tidal Wave habit. By Donald Carmichael.

Nov. 13, 1899. — Canna Olympia. Color, pinkish violet purple ; foliage bright
green ; flowers medium ; spikes erect ; height 2^^ to 3 feet. By Conard &
Jones Co.

Nov. 17, 1899. — Chrysanthcnuun Victoria. A Japanese incurved, color be-
tween lemon and straw ; foliage almost identical with the parent, Mrs.
Geo. M. Pullman. By Alex. MacLellan.

Nov. 17, 1899. — -Chrysanthemum Gen. Joubert. A Japanese incurved of large
size ; color darker than Mrs. Geo. Magee. By Alex MacLellan.

Dec. 4, 1899. — Rose Mrs. Oliver Ames. A sport from Mrs. J. Pierpont Mor-
gan. Color delicate pink, with faint line of deeper color at edge of petal,
softening to almost pure white at base of petal ; other characteristics
identical with parent. By Robert Montaomerv.

146 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

Dec. 26, 1899. — Rose Sara Nesbitt. A sport from Mme. Ciisin, a size larger
than the parent. Color light pink, very delicate, shading deeper in cen-
ter; does not grow dark in summer weather; a better grower than Mme.
Cusin ; habit otherwise identical. By Benjamin Dorrance.

Feb. I. 1900. — Rose New Century (Clolhilde Sonpert x Rugosa alba). Hardy
ever-bloomer; flowers pink, double, very fragrant; foliage resembling
Rugosa. By Conard & Jones Co.

March 5, 1900. — Carnation Cressbrook (Mrs. G. M. Rradt x Win. Scott). Color
bright pink; flowers 3 to 3^/^ inches; stem strong and wiry; strong grower,
readj' rooter; no surplus foliage. By C. Warburton.

March 7, 1900. — Geranium A. N. Gerbig. Single zonale, flowers apricot salmon
shade, deeper toward center; distinct white eye, truss large; foliage deep
green, with dark zone ; rampant grower. By C. H. Gerbig.

^larch 13, 1900. — Cattleya Trianas Nettie INIartin. Sepals and petals light
pink; lip large and open, somewhat flattened throat, with a large blotch
straw buff, encircled with a broad band of lilac; flowers medium sized
and well balanced. By Lager & Hurrell.

April 2, 1900. — Canna The Express (Philadelphia x Gloriosa). Flowers bright
crimson, large, green foliage ; height, 2V^ feet. By Nathan Smith & Son.

April 2, 1900. — Cattleya Trianae aurantiaca. Flowers large, sepals and petals
white, slightly suffused with pale lilac ; lower part of petals thrown for-
ward, upper part reflexed ; lower part of lip whitish lilac, superimposed
bj' a large wedge-shaped blotch of bright orange. By Lager & Hurrell.

April 2, 1900. — Cattleya Trianas Fairy Queen. Flowers medium, well bal-
anced; sepals and petals pure white, the latter slightly reflexed; tube of
lip white ; lower part lilac extending to edge. By Lager & Hurrell.

April 5, 1900. — Rose Queen of Edgely. Sport from American Beauty; growth,
habit, foliage, size and form practically identical with American Beauty ;
fragrance somewhat sweeter; color light pink, as in Bridesmaid. By The
Floral Exchange Co.

April 16, 1900.— Rose Lady Dorothea. A sport from Sunset; characteristics
same as parent as to color of foliage and vigor of growth. Can be dis-
budded at any season to center bud, which is always perfect. Color, outer
petal, deep peach pink to Indian red at base; inside, soft flesh color.
By j. H. Dunlop.

April 20, 1900. — Cattleya labiata Mrs. W. C. Squier. Flowers large, sepals
and petals massive, dark rosy mauve; lip very large, margin fringed;
expanded portion crimson purple; posterior part stained with straw, buff
and purple. By Lager & Hurrell.

June 2, 1900.- — Canna Bobs. Dwarf; height about t8 inches; foliage thick,
dark green; flowers orange scarlet, sometimes slightly margined yellow ;
petals iVz inches wide, spikes compact. By Richard Gardner.

July 15, 1900. — Rose Sweetheart (Wichuraiana x Bridesmaid). Flowers dou-
ble, 2^/^ inches in diameter; profuse clusters; buds pink, expanded flow-
ers white, very fragrant, hardy. By M. H. Walsh.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 147

July IS, 1900. — Rose Debutante (Wichuraiana x Baroness Rothschild). Flow-
ers double, pink, fragrant ; profuse clusters ; a hardy climbing rose. By
M. H. Walsh.

July 15, 1900. — Begonia Light Pink Lorraine. Origin in doubt, but supposed
to be a sport from Gloire de Lorraine; color very delicate and much paler
than in the type ; flowers much more expanded ; plant more vigorous than
the type. By Edwin Lonsdale.

July 21, 1900.— Melon Griffin's Hybrid (Blenheim Orange x Emerald Gem).
Smooth, slightly ribbed, cream color; flesh, scarlet; average weight, four
pounds. By Arthur Griffin.

July 21, 1900. — Melon Sea Verge (Scarlet Invincible x Triumph). Exterior
oval, smooth, finely netted, light green ; flesh scarlet ; average weight, five
pounds. By Arthur Griffin.

Aug. 9, 1900. — Nephrolepis Wittboldi. Originated in 1897. Fronds two and
one-half to three feet long, and ten to twelve inches wide; pinnae undulat-
ing or wavy in all growths ; texture leather}'. By Geo. Wittbold.

Aug. 17, 1900. — Nephrolepis Washingtoniensis erecta. A seedling originated
in Anacostia four years ago. Fronds thick and leathery, with metallic
luster, five feet and upward in length, and twelve inches or more in width;
habit upright. By N. Studer.

Aug. 17, 1900. — Nephrolepis Washingtoniensis pendula ; seedling originated in
Anacostia about four years ago. Fronds thick and leathery, with metallic
luster, five feet and upward in length, and 12 inches or more in width,
with dark brownish mid-rib ; habit drooping. By N. Studer.

Sept. 22, 1900.— Canna Montana. Flowers bright cream yellow. By Conard
& Jones Co.

Sept. 22, 1900. — Canna West Grove. Coral pink, slightly dappled with crim-
son, and shaded yellow in the throat ; foliage green, slightly edged with
purple, large and exceedingly tough. By Conard & Jones Co.

Sept. 22, 1900.— Geranium Eben E. Rexford. Single, light pink, with white
eye. By Henrj' Eichholz.

Sept. 22, 1900. — Geranium Dr. E. A. Hering. Single, brilliant scarlet, overlaid
with red. Described as having the dwarf ness and floriferousness of Mars
and America, with constitution and foliage of Bruant type. By Henry
Eichholz.

Oct. 6, 1900. — Rose Plush o' Dawn ( H. T.). Flowers light pink, changing
to while, fragrant, five to six inches in diameter when open ; vigorous
grower; stems two and one-half to three feet; foliage dark and glossy;
continuous bloomer. By M. H. Walsh.

Oct. 6, 1900. — Dahlia Salmon Queen (Peacock). Decorative; height three
and one-half feet ; bushy grower, flowers large, salmon, deepening to
orange salmon toward center; petals long pointed. By W. Atlee Bur-
pee & Co.

148 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

Oct. 6, 1900. — Dahlia Ha.rleqiiin (Bassett). I'ancy. Dwarf, Ijranching, with
long slender stems; height two feet; flowers small to medium; crimson
with white stripe through each petal; stripe sometimes suffused with pink;
flowers occasionally solid crimson. By W. Atlee Burpee & Co.

Oct. 6. 1900. — Canna West Virginia. A seedling of Queen Charlotte; color of
Gloriosa, with narrower yellow band ; full spike and very dwarf. By
Gustav Obermej'er.

Oct. 20, 1900. — Canna Pennsylvania. Orchid flowered ; color bright scarlet,
foliage green, height five feet. .\n American hybrid. By Conard &
Jones Co.

Oct. 20, 1900. — Canna Betsy Ross. Color soft pink; foliage green; height, two
and one-half feet. By Conard & Jones Co.

Oct. 27, 1900. — Rose Pan-x\merican (American Beauty .x }ilnie. Caroline Tes-
tout). Color under glass in winter, soft red; a little lighter than Ameri-
can Beauty. In open ground, in summer, rose pink ; flower full, double ;
guard petals cupped; fragrance strong. By Peter Henderson & Co.

Nov. 3, 1900. — Lilliputian Canna Little Gem. Flowers orange scarlet, each
petal lightly edged with yellow ; very drawf and compact ; the extreme
height to tip rarely exceeding two feet. By Peter Hende;rson & Co.

Xov. 12. 1900. — Rose Freedom. Color soft pink ; reverse of petals several
shades deeper; growth identical with Liberty. By Arthur Griffin.

Nov. 24, 1900. — Fern Nephrolepis Piersoni. A sport from the type of Neph-
rolepis exaltata known as the Boston fern. The pinnae are subdivided
so that each has the appearance of the full frond in miniature, giving a
beautiful crested efifect; otherwise the plant is identical with the Boston
fern. Bj^ the F. R. Pierson Co.

Dec. 15, 1900. — Carnation Norwaj-. A seedling of Mrs. Fisher; color pure
white; flowers two and one-half to three and one-half inches in diameter;
fragrant ; stems long and strong. By H. A\'eber & Sons.

Dec. 15, 1900. — Carnation .Egypt. Color scarlet crimson; flowers uniformly
two and one-half to three inches in diameter; fragrant; stems two and
one-half to three feet. By H. Weber & Sons.

Dec. 15, 1900. — Sweet Pea ]\Iiss Florence E. Denzer (Zvolanek's Christmas x
Emily Henderson). White; height four feet outdoors, five and one-half
feet under glass ; a continuous bloomer ; especially adapted for winter
flowers ; stems up to sixteen inches long, usually bearing three flowers
each: foliage narrow, and of a dark green color. By A. C. Zvolanek.

Jan. 12, 1901. — Carnation Beau Ideal. A seedling of Daybreak; flowers shell
pink, two and one-half to three inches in diameter; full center, fringed,
fragrant; habit upright; stems stifT; continuous bloomer. By Nathan D.
Pierce.

Feb. 9, 1901. — Sweet Pea Miss Helen IM. Gould. Flowers very large, over two
inches in diameter, pure white, edged light pink; stems very long, bearing,
usually, four flowers: plants six feet high; foliage dark and narrow: a
seedling from Miss Florence E. Denzer. By A. C. Zvolanek.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 149

Marcli 2, 19D1. — Rose Four Hundred. A sport from American Beauty, of the
-ame general characteristics, but deeper and more constant in color. Most
of the growth is almost thornless ; foliage a lighter green than that of
American Beauty. By D. T. Connor.

June 8, 1901. — Rose Gainsborough. A sport from Viscountess Folkestone;
- identical with that variety in every way, excepting that it is a vigorous
climber. The flowers are described as of immense size, resembling a
huge, flufify peony. By Good & Reese Co.

July 3, igoi. — Rose Dorothy Perkins. Thought to be a cross lietweon Wich-
uraiana and j\Ime. Gabriel Luizet; a rampant grower, type of Crimson
Rambler; extremely hardy; foliage glossy, flowers shell pink, very double,
borne in custers of thirty to forty; individual flowers two inches in diame-
ter; very fragrant. By Jackson & Perkins Co.

Jul}' 20, 1901. — Rose Newport Ramlilcr. ('Seed parent Wichuraiana. pollen
parent Crimson Rambler.) Color pink, similar to that of Mrs. S. Craw-
ford, with an occasional pure white flower in the same cluster; fra-
. grance like seed parent: strong grower, not quite so prostrate as Wich-
uraiana: very d(iul)lc, with reflexed petals. By Richard Gardner.

July 27, 1901. — Cattleya Mossice van Evelyn Sloane. Flower pure white,
with 3'ellow blotch on lip ; very faint flush of mauve color on lower por-
tion of lip: bold flower, finely fringed; originated at Wyndhurst, Lenox,
Mass. By A. J. Loveless.

Aug. I, 1901. — Geranium JMrs. Gov. Jackson. A seedling of ]\Irs. J. M. Gaar,
which it resembles in all respects of habit, foliage and freedom of bloom;
differing only in color, which is a soft scarlet, and having larger trusses.
B}' Gustav Obermeyer.

Aug. 13, igoi. — Ro-f Climbing Clothilde Soupert. By P. J. Berckmans Co.

Aug. 21, 1901. — Gladiolus Park Belle. Dwarf; color illmninated pink. By
.Michigan Seed Co.

Aug. 22, 1901. — Cattleya Harrisonije superbissima. Dark rose; lip, creamy
white. By Lager & Hurrell.

Aug. 22. 1901. — Cattlej'a speciosissima lilacina. Entire flower dark lilac.
By Lager & Hurrell.

Aug. 22, 1901. — Cattleya speciosissima striata marginata. Lilac, with purple
streaks; lip splashed with lilac, upper part yellow, with purple margin.
By Lager & Hurrell.

Aug. 26, 1901. — Cattleya Gaskelliana Mrs. Hugh J. Grant. White; lip much
fringed, with triangular purple blotch; throat orange, yellow.

Aug. 30, 1901. — Rose Philadelphia (Crimson Rambler x H. P. Victor Hugo).
Color crimson, more intense than Crimson Rambler; full double, and
does not fade. By Conard & Jones Co.

Aug. 30, 1901. — Canna Mont Blanc. Flowers large, pure white; plant dwarf.
B}' Conard & Jones Co.

Aug. 31, igor. — Rose Queen Victoria. A sport from Belle Siebrecht; coppery
yellow, suft'used with pink. By Good & Reese Co.

150 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONNENTION

Sept. 2T, 1901. — Rose Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt. La France type; creamy
white, with pink shadings; full double. By Peter Henderson & Co.

Sept. 27, 1901. — Rose Mark Twain (H. T.). Satiny pink; long pointed buds.
By Peter Henderson & Co.

Oct. 10, 1901. — Carnation Dr. W. Seward Webb. Pink, clove scented; fringed,
full; buds very long; stems stiff; foliage light green, white joints.
By J. B. Trudo.

Oct. 14, 1901. — Rose Lady Gay (Wichuraiana x Bardou Job). Habit like
Wichuraiana ; color bright pink; flowers clustered like Crimson Rambler,
but individual blooms larger than in that variety. By AL H. Walsh.

Nov. 4, 1901. — Canna President Roosevelt (McKinley x Chas. Henderson).
Crimson scarlet ; flowers at times semi-double. By C. W. Ward.

Nov. 16, 1901. — Rose Nestor (Magna Charta x Belle Siebrecht). Flowers dou-
ble, blooming on end of long canes ; reasemble La France in form, but
Belle Siebrecht in color and foliage. By Schmidt & Botley.

Nov. 16, 1901. — Rose Atlas (H. T.). Shows La France blood in growth and
foliage ; flowers large, double, two shades of light pink. By Schmidt &
Botley.

Nov. 16, 1901. — Rose Young America (Duke of Edinboro x Meteor). Scar-
let crimson ; large, double, fragrant. By Schmidt & Botley.

Dec. 7, 1901. — Canna Duke of York. Crimson, throat mottled creamy white,
each petal irregularly edged with gold ; foliage light green ; height five
feet. By Conard & Jones Co.

Dec. 7, 1901. — Canna Duchess of York. Yellow, marbled with orange crim-
son and pink ; foliage green ; height four feet. By Conard & Jones Co.

Dec. 7, 1901. — Canna Eastern Beauty. Color salmon and orange, changing
to shell pink ; foliage dark green, shaded and veined with bronze. By
Conard & Jones Co.

Dec. 7, iQOi.^Canna Evolution. Color golden yellow, shading through canary
and sulphur to blush pink center; foliage bronze; height four feet. By Co-
nard & Jones Co.

Dec. 7, 1901.— Canna Brandywine. Color red, dappled with crimson; petals
occasionally narrowly edged with gold ; foliage broad, dark bronze, veined ;
height four to four and one-half feet. By Conard & Jones Co.

Dec. 7, iQor. — Canna Striped Beauty. Color buff, yellow, or canary white;
finely striped with crimson ; long, slender spikes. By Conard & Jones Co.

Dec. 7, 1901. — Canna Niagara. Color crimson, with wide, irregular border
of golden yellow; an improve! Gloriosa. By Conard & Jones Co.

Dec. 7. 1901. — Canna Queen of Holland. Color deep orange; branching trusses;
height two and one-half to three feet. By Conard & Jones Co.

Dec. 7. 1901. — Canna Cherokee. Color dark maroon, much like Duke of Marl-
borough; foliage light green; height three feet. By Conard & Jones Qo.

Dec. 20, 1901. — Sweet Pea Christmas Comtes. Lavender. By A. C. Zvolanek.

Dec. 20. 190T. — Sweet Pea Christmas Captain. Self blue. By A. C. Zvolanek.

Jan. 14, 1902. — Rose Miss Alice Roosevelt. A sport from Mme. Abel Chate-
nay. Intense dark pink. By .American Rose Co.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 151

Feb. 25, 1902. — Zonal Geranium J. D. Eisele. Single; color wine red. B3'
Henry Eichholz.

Feb. 25, 1902. — Zonal Geraninni Jas. Davidson. Single ; lilac. By Henry
Eichholz.

Feb. 25, 1902. — Zonal Geranivmi Jnpiter. Mars type; scarlet. B}' Henry Eich-
holz.

Feb. 25, 1902.— Zonal Geraninni Venns. Mars type ; pale salmon. By Henry
Eichholz.

March 3, 1902. — Carnation Seth Low. Scarlet. By E. G. Hill Co.

March 8, 1902. — Carnation White Layde (Flora Hill x ]\'Irs. Bradt). Ivory
Avhite; large flower; stiff stem. By A. L. Thorne.

May 10, 1902. — Rose The Farquhar (Wichuraiana x Crimson Raml)leF). Flow-
*ers rose, slightly fragrant ; clusters similar to Crimson Rambler, but flow-
ers larger and more double; foliage glossy, larger than Wichuraiana, and
almost evergreen. By R. & J. Farquhar & Co.

Ma}- 14, 1902. — Zonal Geranium Harriet Clearj'. Cerise pink; faint zone. By
J. ^I. Horsburgh.

May 15, 1902. — Rose Queen ]\Iadge. Sport from Kaiserin Augusta Victoria.
Color like Papa Gontier in buds; lighter in open flower; foliage has per-
ceptible sweetbriar odor; an all-season forcer. By C. S. Fitz Simmons,
Lansing, Mich.

July 2, 1902. — Dahlia Uncle Sam. Cactus. Carmine; dwarf. By H. Beaulieu.

July 2, 1902. — Dahlia Alex. Wallace. Show. Bright red. By H. Beaulieu.

July 2, 1902. — Dahlia jNIrs. E. T. Boyle. Show. Daybreak pink; dwarf. By
H. Beaulieu.

July 26, 1902. — Dahlia Wm. Scott. Show. Bright red ; flower flat. By H.
Beaulieu.

July 28, 1902.^ — Cattleya Hardyana Mrs. Geo. Schlegel (C. gigas x C. chryso-
toxa). Rose pink; lip intense purple, very large; heavily fringed; throat
yellow, spreading laterally into two large blotches. Bj' Lager & Hurrell.

July 31, 1902. — Rose W^edding Bells. Seedling from Crimson Rambler. Cherry
pink; flowering shoots spineless. By M. H. Walsh.

July 31, 1902. — Rose Princess (Margaret Dickson x La France). Flesh pink.
By M. H. Walsh.

July 31, 1902. — Rose Urania. Seedling from American Beauty. Carmine. By
" M. H. Walsh.

Aug. I. 1902. — Carnation Biltmore' (Mrs. Lawson x Eldorado). White,
• splashed carmine; flowers large, full, fringed; clove fragrance; foliage
glaucous; stems stifif; two feet. By J. B. Trudo.

Aug. I, 1902. — Carnation Miss Airiiee (Mrs. Lawson x Eldorado). White,
• edge of petals striped scarlet; clove scented; foliage glaucous; stems wiry;
two feet. By J. B. Trudo.

Aug. 2, 1902. — Hydrangea hortensia superba (Otaksa x cyanoclada). Dwarf
flowers pink, two to two and one-half inches in diameter, often semi-
double; petals thick and pointed. By ]\L H. Walsh.

152

PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

CLASSIFIED LIST.

July 12, 1898. — Admiral Schley.
July 12, 1898. — General Shafter.
Feb. I, 1899. — Red Indian.
Feb. I, 1899. — Mandarin.
Feb. I, 1899. — Victory.
Sept. 18, 1899. — Gov. Roosevelt.
Nov. 13, 1899. — Olympia.
April 2, 1900.— The Express.
June 2, 1900.— Bobs.
Sept. 22, 1900. — Montana.
Sept. 22, 1900. — West Grove.
Oct. 6, 1900. — West Virginia.
Oct. 20, 1900. — Pennsylvania.
Oct. 20. 1900. — Betsy Ross.
Nov. 3. 1900. — Little Gem.
Aug. 30. 1901.— Mont Blanc.
Nov. 4, 1901. — Pres. Roosevelt.
Dec. 7, 1 90 1. — Duke of York.
Dec. 7, 1901. — Duchess of York.
Dec. 7, 1901. — Eastern Beauty.
Dec. 7, 1901. — Evolution.
Dec. 7, 1901. — Brandywine.
Dec. 7, 1901. — Striped Beauty.
Dec. 7, 1901. — Niagara.
Dec. 7, 1901. — Queen of Holland.
Dec. 7, i9or. — Cherokee.

rARN.'\TIONS.

Jan. 2-], 1899. — Neptune.

Jan. 27. 1899. — Mercury.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Venus.

Jan. 27, i899.^upiter.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Uranus.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Rising Sun.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Saturn.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Vulcan.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Vesuvfus.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Estella.

Jan. 27, 1899. — Minerva.

Feb. 4, 1899. — Olympia.

Nov. I. 1899. — Eleanor Ames.

Nov. r. 1899. — ^Tay Whitney.

Mar. 5, 1900. — Cressbrook.

Dec. 15, 1900. — Norway.

Dec. 15, 1900. — Egypt.

Jan. 12, 1901. — Beau Ideal.

Oct. 10, 1901. — Dr. W. Seward Webb.

.Mar. 3, 1902. — Seth Low.

Mar. 8. 1902. — White Layde.

,\ug. I, IQ02. — Miss Ainiee.

Aug. I. 1902. — Biltmore.

( HRVSANTHEMUMS.

Dec. 30. 1S98. — Rcgina.

Nov. 17, 1899. — Victoria.
Nov. 17, 1899. — Gen. Joubert.

Oct. 6, 1900.-
Oct. 6, 1900.
July 2, 1902. —
July 2, 1902.-
July 2, 1902.-
July 26, 1902.

Salmon Queen.
Harlequin.
Uncle Sam.
Alex. Wallace.
Mrs. E. T. Royle.
-W^m. Scott.

Aug. 9, 1900.-
Aug. 17, 1900

toniensis
Aug. 17. 1900.

toniensis
Nov. 24. 1900

FERNS.

-Nephrolepis Wittboldi.

— Nephrolepis Washing-

erecta. •

— Nephrolepis Washing-

pendula.

— Nephrolepis Piersoni.

GERANIUMS.

Feb. 27. 1899. — .
Sept. 21, 1899.-
Sept. 21, 1899.-
March 17, 1900.
Sept. 22, 1900.-
Sept. 22, 1900.—
Aug. I, 1901. —
Feb. 25, 1902.—
Feb. 25, 1902.—
Feb. 25, 1902.—
Feb. 25. ig02.—
May 14. 1902.—

America.

Little Pink.
-Clyde.

— A. N. Gerbig.
-Eben E. Rexford
-Dr. E. A. Hering.
Mrs. Gov. Jackson
-J. D. Eisele.
-Jas. Davidson.
-Jupiter.
-Venus.
-Harriet Cleary.

GLADIOLUS.

Aug. 21, 1901. — Park Belle.

HEMEROCALLIS.

June 15. 1899. — Florham.

HYDRANGEA.

Aug. 22, 1902. — Hortensia superba.

ORCHIDS.

May 20, 1899. — Cvpripedium insigne

var. Mrs. G. B. Wilson.
Julv 2> 1899. — Dendrobium nobtle

' Mrs. Geo. B. Wilson.
Aug. 25, 1899. — Cattleya gigas atro-

purpurea.
.\ug. 2;. 1899. — Cattleya Hardyana

Robbiana.
March 13, 1900. — Cattleya Trianae

Nettie Martin.
April 2. 1900. — Cattleya Trianse au-

rautiaca.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

153

April 2, 1900. — Cattleya Trianse Fairy

Queen.
April 20, 1900. — Cattleya labiata Mrs.

W. C. Squier.
July 27, 1900.^ — Cattleya jNIossiae var.

Evelyn Sloane.
Aug. 22, 1901. — Cattleya Harrisonise

superbissima.
Aug. 22. 1901. — Cattleya speciosis si-
ma lilacina.
Aug. 22, 1901. — Cattlej'a speciosissima

striata marginata.
Aug. 26, 1901. — Cattleya Gaskelliana

Mrs. Hugh J. Grant.
July 28, 1902. — Cattleya Hardyana

Mrs. Geo. Schlegel.

PELARGONIUMS.

Oct. 29, 1898. — Sandi ford's Surprise.
Oct. 29, 1898. — Sandiford's Wonder.
Oct. 29. 1898. — Sandiford's Best.

ROSES.

July 12, 1898. — ]\liss Clara Barton.
Nov. ]0. 1898. — Admiral Dewej'.
Nov. 27, 1898.— Baltimore.
Jan. 3, 1899.— Lillian Nordica.
Jan. 19, 1899. — Maid of Honor.
Feb. 25, 1899. — Frances E. Willard.
March 27. 1899. — Liberty.
April 6, 1899.— Ivory.
3ept. 21, 1899. — J. S. Fay.
Dec. 4. 1899. — ^Irs. Oliver Ames.
Dec. 26, 1899. — Sara Nesbitt.
Feb. I, 1900. — New Century.
April 5, 1900. — Queen of Edgely.

April 16, 1900. — Lady Dorothea.
July 15, 1900. — Sweetheart.
July 15, 1900. — Debutante.
Oct. 6, 1900. — Flush o' Dawn.
Oct. 27, 1900. — Pan-American.
Nov. 12, 1900. — Freedom.
March 2, 1901. — Four Hundred.
June 8, 1901. — Gainsborough.
July 20, 1901. — Newport Rambler.
July 3, 1901.— Dorothy Perkins.
Aug. 13, 1901. — Climbing Clothilde

Soupert.
Aug. 30, 1901. — Philadelphia.
Aug. 31, 1901. — Queen Victoria.
Sept. 27, 1901. — Mrs. Theo. Roosevelt.
Sept. 27, 1901. — Mark Twain.
Oct. 14, 1901. — Lady Gay.
Nov. 16, 1901. — Nestor.
Nov. 16, 1901. — Young America.
Nov. 16, 1901. — Atlas.
Jan. 14. 1902. — Miss Alice Roosevelt.
May 10, 1902. — The Farquhar.
May 15, 1902. — Queen Madge.
July 31, 1902. — Wedding Bells.
July 31, 1902. — Princess.
July 31, 1902. — Urania.

SWEET PEAS.

Dec. 15, 1900. — Miss Florence E. Den-

zer.
Feb. 9, 1901. — ]\Jiss Helen M. Gould.
Dec. 20, 1901. — Christmas Comtes.
Dec. 20, 1901. — Christmas Captain.

VIOLET.

Jan. 25, 1899. — Columbia.

PLANT INTRODUCTIONS IN AMERICA IN 1902.
CANNAS.

Brandy wine (Conard & Jones), red, dappled crimson, occasionally edged gold.

Foliage dark bronze.
Dr. Cavet (Imp), orange scarlet.

Duchess of York (Conard & Jones), yellow, marbled orange, crimson and pink.
Duke of York (Conard & Jones), crimson, throat mottled white, petals edged

gold.
Elizabeth Hoss (Imp), yellow, spotted.
Eastern Beauty (Conard & Jones), salmon and orange, changing to pink.

Foliage shaded and veined bronze.
Evolution (Conard & Jones), j^ellow and sulphur, shading to blush center.

Foliage bronze.
Frau Bremermann (Imp), scarlet, banded yellow.
Hermann Fischer (Imp), burnt orange; purple foliage.
Hofmarschall von St. Paul (Imp), scarlet.

154 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

James H. Veitcli (Imp), crimson; purple foliage.

]Mdlle. Mcriene Lambard (Henderson), "white," lighter shade than Alsacp.
]\Iont Blanc (Conard & Jones), "white"; dwarf.
Mrs. C. W. Ward (Ward).
Mrs. Jas. Wigan (Imp), orange; purple foliage.
Oscar Dannecker (Imp), yellow; foliage red.
President Meyer (Imp), scarlet; foliage purple.

President Roosevelt (Ward) McKinley X Chas. Henderson. Crimson scar-
let ; very dwarf.
The Express (Smith), Philadelphia. Gloriosa X scarlet crimson; dwarf.

CARNATIONS.

Alba (Dorner), white.

Apollo (Dorner & Ward), scarlet.

Challenger (Hoffman), scarlet.

Cressbrook (Warburton), Bradt X Scott; pink.

Dorothy Whitney (Dorner & Ward), yellow, marked light pink.

Gaiety (Hill), Bradt X Scott; scarlet and white.

Golden Beauty (Ward), lemon yellow, tipped pink.

Governor Wolcott (Fisher), white.

Harry Fenn (Ward), crimson.

Joseph H. Manley (Ward), scarlet.

Mrs. Potter Palmer (Chicago Carnation Co.), scarlet.

Mrs. H. N. Higinbotham (Chicago Carnation Co.), light pink.

Mrs. E. A. Nelson (Nelson), Armazinda X Scott; pink.

Stella (Dorner & Ward), white, few pink stripes.

Sylvia (Woodfall), white.

Viola Allen (Ward), white, splashed pink.

Violanea (Ward), sport from Mrs. Bradt, less markings.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

Adrian. Jap. Inc. (Smith), creamy white.

A. J. Balfour, Jap. Inc. (Imp), pink.

Alena, Pomp. (Smith), Daybreak pink.

Bentley, Jap. Ref. (Binder), pink.

C. Hoist, Jap. Inc. (Hill), white.

Colette, Jap. Inc. (Imp), white, shaded lilac.

Convention Hall (Smith), The Queen X Merza ; white.

Daze, Pomp. (Smith), light pink.

Earl of Arran (Imp), canary yellow.

Edgar Sanders , Jap. Inc. (Smith). Hkkf. Arnold X Nyanza ; dark bronze.

Elko, Pomp. (Smith), magenta.

George Carpenter, Jap. (Imp), light amaranth.

Henry Stowe, Jap. (Imp), blush.

Harry A. Fee. Ref. (Smith), Chito X :\Irs. T. L. Patrick, chestnut red, tipped

■' yellow.
Honesty, Jap. (Hollis), white.
James Parker, Jap. (Imp), creamy white.
Kansas City Star, Jap. Ref. (Smith), Daybreak pink.
Lcro, Pomp. (Smith), lilac.

Lily Mountford, Jap. (Imp), white, flushed rose.
Li/.zie Adrock (Imp), yellow sport from Source d'Or; dwarf.
Livan. Pomp. (Smith), white, edged pink.
Mdlle. Renee Alotte (Imp), bronze; early.
Mira, Jap. (Imp), rose pink: large.
Miss Jane Morgan. Jap. Inc. (Binder), pink. i

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 155

Miss Lullah Miranda^ Jap. (Imp), white.

Mme. Phillipe Roger, Jap. Inc. (Imp), bronze; slightly hairy.

Mme. R. Cadbury, Jap. (Imp), white.

Miss Florence Molyneaux, Jap. (Imp), white; late.

Mrs. F. J. Taggart (Smith), Ciolden Wedding X Goldmine; yellow.

Mrs. Geo. Mileham (Imp), rosy mauve.

Mrs. Greenfield (Imp), similar to Phoebus.

Mrs. J. F. Trantor, Jap. (Imp), blush; large.

Mrs. Wm. Fraser. Jap. Ref. (Binder), dark magenta.

Opah (Smith), Lady Filzwygram X Marquis de Montmort; white suffused
pink; early.

Orea, Pomp. (Smith), pink.

Oresco (Smith), Superba X Yellow Jones. Apricot changing to crushed
strawberry.

Polar Queen (Smith), Nagoya X Yellow Mrs. Jones; white.

Pride of Elstowe( Michell), pink.

Prosperity, Jap. (Hollis), white.

Providence (Jensen), sport from Western King; nankeen.

Purity, Inc. (May), white.

Rev. Douglas (Imp), pale yellow.

Southern Cross, Jap. Inc. (Imp), yellow; late.

Sirius. Jap. Ref. (Imp), white.

Tulu, Pomp. (Smith), l)Iush.

UtJ.n, Pomp. (Smith), light magenta.

White Lady. Jap. Inc. (Dingee & Conard Co), ivory white sport from Christ-
mas Gift.

GERANIUMS.

Gen. L. Wood, Zon (Hill), crimson, rose, single.

J. D. Eisele. Zon. (Eichholz), wine red, single.

James Davidson, Zon. (Eichholz), lilac, single.

Richmond Beauty, Zon. (Hill), scarlet, white eye, single.

ROSES.

Admiral Schley, H. T. (Henderson), deep blood-red.

Ivory (Amer. Rose Co.), white sport from Golden Gate.

Janice ]\Ieredith, H. T. (Henderson), La France X Hermosa ; carmine pink.

Mark Twain, H. T. (Henderson), rose madder.

]\Irs. Oliver Ames (May), sport from Mrs. Pierpont Morgan. Blush; yellow

at base of petals.
Mrs. Theo. Roosevelt, H. T. (Henderson), creamy white, pink shadings;

seedling from La France.
Queen of Edgely (Floral Exchange Co.), light pink sport from American

Beauty.
Philadelphia (Conard & Jones), Crimson. Rambler X Victor Hugo; deep

crimson.
Soleiel d'Or (Pernetiana) (Ellwanger & Barry), yellow.
Wm. C. Egan (Dawson) (Ellwanger & Barry), yellow.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Asparagus myriocladus (Greenfield.)
Bauhinia triandra (Reasoner).
Carludovica Leopoldi (Sander).
Cocos Weddelliana, Sander's var. (Sander).
Dracjena Schneideri superba (Sander).

15G PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

Euterpe stenophylla (Reasoner).

Hippocratca Indica (Reasoner).

Hedychium thyrsiflorum (Reasoner)..

Heliconia porphyrca (Sander).

Ka-mpferia EtheLie (Reasoner).

Pelargonium Sandiford's Nonsuch (Sandiford), rosy crimson, edged biush

white, upper petals blotched dark maroon.
Petunia, Star (Howard).

Phoenix reclinata van Zanzibarensis (Reasoner).
Sambucus canadensis acutiloba (Ellwanger & Barry).
Shasta Daisy (P>urbank).
Spondias axillaris (Reasoner).
Stemmadenia bella (Reasoner).
Vallaris Heynei (Reasoner).

IXTERXATIOXAL PLANT BREEDING CONEERENCE.

REPORT OF PATRICK o'mARA^ S. A. F. DELEGATE.

As the delegate to the International Conference on Plant Breeding and
Hybridization appointed by the Executive Committee of the S. A. F. last
March, I beg leave to report as follows :

The conference was held in the lecture room of the American Institute,
Berkeley Lyceum, New York City, beginning on Tuesday, September 30, con-
tinuing October i and 2, and was under the auspices of the Horticultural
Society of New York. Among those present were :

Professor W. Bateson, Cambridge, England; George Nicholson, late of
Kew, England ; Walter H. Evans, Washington ; S. Eraser, Briarclift Manor,
N. Y. ; Professor S. A. Beach, Geneva, N. Y. ; C. Beaman Smith, Department
of Agriculture ; C. W. Ward, Queens, N. Y. ; Professor Fred W. Card, Kings-
ton, L. I. ; William Fawcett, Jamaica, W. I. ; Professor D. G. Fairchild, Wash-
ington, D. C. ; H. C. Price, Ames, la. ; F. S. Earle, N. Y. Botanical Garden ;
Dr. ]\Iorris, West Indies ; Alfred Rehder, Jamaica Plain, Mass. ; Professor
L. H. Bailey, Ithaca, N. Y. ; Professor L. C. Corbett, Washington, D. C ; C.
E. Allen, Madison, Wis. ; S. Henshaw, Staten Island ; F. C. Lloyd, Teachers'
College : D. G. Johnson, Johns Hopkins ; S. W. Underbill, Croton-on-Hudson,
N. Y. ; Dr. F. M. Hexamer, New York; Nicholas M. Shaw, Briarcliff Manor;
Professor N. E. Flansen, Agricultural College, Brookings. S. D. ; Professor
W. Paddock, Colorado; Professor G. B. Brackctt, \\'ashington, D. C; C. L.
Watrous, Des Moines. la. ; W. A. Orton, Washington ; Professor W. B.
Alwood, Blacksburg, Va. ; R. M. Kellogg. Three Rivers, Mich. ; C. A. Zavitz,
Guelph, Canada ; Professor H. L. Hutt. Guelph, Canada ; Professor W. T.
Macoun. Ottawa, Canada ; Professor H. F. Roberts, Manhattan, Kan. ; Jesse
B. Norton, Washington, D. C. ; Wm. W. Tracy, Detroit, Mich. ; C. S. Scofield,
Department of Agriculture, Washington ; W. J. Spillman. Department of Agri-
culture, Washington ; H. C. Irish, St. Louis, Mo. ; Aime Dorrance, Dorrance-
ton. Pa. ; Professor A. J. Pieters, Department of Agriculture ; Professor T. L.
Lyon, Lincoln, Neb.; A. D. Showel, Urbana, 111.; C. L. Allen. Floral Park,
N. Y. ; Professor W. N. Hays, St. Anthony Park, Minn. ; H. H. Grofif. Sim-
coe, Ont.; Arthur Cowee, Berlin, N. Y., and Patrick O'Mara, Jersey City. N. J.

The following papers were presented, read and discussed :

I. Practical Aspects of the New Discoveries in Heredity. W. Bateson, Cam-
bridge University, England.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 157

2. Notes oil Nczc Hybrids. John H. Wilson, St. Andrews' University, Scot-
land.
•3. F^ecciit Experiments in Hybridization. C. C. Hurst, England.

4. Selection vs. Hybridism, F. W. Burbidge, Dublin, Ireland.

5. ArtiUcial Atavism, Hugo de Vries, Director, Botanical Gardens, Amster-

dam.

6. Some Conclusions, ]Max Leichtlin, Baden-Baden, Austria.

7. Suggestions for the Classification of Hybrids, I. T. Lynch, Curator.

Botanic Garden, Cambridge, England.

8. Some Laivs of Plant Breeding, Herbert J. Webber, in charge of Plant

Breeding Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

9. Breeding for Intrinsic Qualities. W. M. Hays, Agriculturist,. State Ex-

periment Station, St. Anthony Park, Minn.

10. On Variation in Plants, J. P. Norton, Plant Breeding Laboratory, L'. S.

Department of Agriculture.

11. Principles of Plant Breeding. Luther Burbank, Experimentalist, Sanl?.

Rosa, Cal.

12. On the Breeding of Disease-Resistant Varieties, \X. A. Orton, Assistant

Pathologist, LT. S. Department of Agriculture.

13. Evolution Under Domestication, O. F. Cook, Botanist in charge of Trop-

ical Agriculture, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

14. Individual Prepotency, Will W. Tracy. Detroit, Mich.

15. Cytological Aspects of Hybrids. W. A. Cannon, Columbia University, Xew

York City.

16. Correlation Bcizvecn Different Parts of the Plant in Form, Color and

Other Characteristics (illustrated by specimens), S. A. Beach, Horti-
culturist, New York State Experiment Station, Geneva, N. Y.

17. Some Possibilities, C. L. Allen, New York.

18. Fertile Hybrids of Teosinte and Maize, John W. Harshberger, LIniversity

of Pennsylvania.

19. Bud Variation in the Strazvberrv Plant, R. M. Kellogg, Three Rivers.

Mich.

20. A Study of Grape Pollen, and What the Results Indicate, N. O. Booth,

Assistant Horticulturist N. Y. State Experiment Station.

21. Cross Fertilization of the Sugar Cane, D. Morris. Imperial Commissioner

of Agriculture for the West Indies, Barbados.

22. The Improvement of Corn by Breeding, C. P. Hartley, Plant Breeding

Laboratory, \J. S. Department of Agriculture.

23. Improvement of Crops for Arid Regions and Alkali Soils, Thomas H.

Kearney, in charge of Alkali Investigations, U. S. Department of Agri-
culture.

24. Improvement of Oats by Breeding. J. P>. Norton, Plant Breeding Labor-

atorj', U. S. Department of Agriculture.

25. A Medlev of Pumpkins. L. LI. Bailey, Horticulturist, Cornell LIniversity,

Ithaca,' N. Y.

26. Improvement of Roses by Bud Selection, L. C. Corbett, Horticulturist,

U. S. Department of Agriculture.

27. Improvement of Cotton by Breeding, Herbert J Webber, in charge of

Plant Breeding Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

28. Practical Points from the Breeding of Strazvberries and Bush Fruits. F.

W. Card, Horticulturist, State Experiment Station, Kingston, R. I.

158 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

29. Advantages of Conjoint Selection and Hybridization and Limits of Useful-

ness in Hybridization Among Grapes, T. V. Munson, Nurseryman,
Denison, Texas.

30. Hand Pollination of Orchard Fruits, H. C. Price, Horticulturist, State

College, Ames, Iowa.

31. ]Vine Ferments, W. B. Ahvood, Mycologist, etc.. Polytechnic Institute,

Blacksburg, Va.

32. Crossing Species of Salix, S. W. Fletcher, Horticulturist, Experiment

Station, Pullman, Washington.
S3. FIvbridizins, Gladiolus Species (illustrated), W. van Fleet, Little Silver,

n: j.

34. Notes_ on Breeding Flardy Apples, J. Craig, Ithaca, N. Y.

35. The Everbearing Straivberry, Ph. de Vilmorin, Paris.

36. Breeding of Native Northwestern Fruits, N. E. Hansen, Horticulturist,

State Experiment Station, Brookings, S. D.
2,y. The Muskmelon, F. W: Rane, Horticulturist, State Experiment Station,
Durham, N. H.

38. Study of the Variations in the Second Generation of Berberis Hybrids,

C. E. Saunders, Ottawa, Can.

39. Results in the Breeding of Species of Ricinus, E. ]Mead Wilcox, Biologist,

Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn, Ala.

40. On Orchid Hybrids (illustrated by specimens of the parents and prog-

eny), Oakes Ames, Ames Botanical Laboratory, North Easton, Mass.

41. Hybrid Beans, R. A. Emerson, Horticulturist. Agricultural Experiment

Station, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb.

42. Hybrid Plums, F. A. Waugh, Horticulturist, Hatch Experiment Station,

Amherst, Mass.

43. Cross Breeding of Cinchonas, H. H. Rusby, Botanist, College of Phar-

macy, New York.

44. Breeding Florists' Flozvers, (a) E. G. Hill, Richmond, Ind. ; (b) C. W.

Ward, Queens, L. I., N. Y. ; (c) A. Wintzer, West Grove, Pa.

45. Cereal Breeding in Kansas, H. F. Roberts. Botanist, State College, Man-

hattan, Kansas.

46. Restilts of Hybridization a)id Plant Breeding in Canada (illustrated by

specimens), William Saunders, Director of the Central Experimental
Farm, Ottawa, Canada.

47. Notes on Plant Breeding in California, E. J. Wickson, Horticulturist,

Agricultural Experiment Station, University of California.

48. Plant Breeding in Neiv Jersey (illustrated by specimens), B. D. Halsted,

Professor of Botany in Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J.

49. The Wild Hybrids of the North American Flora (illustrated by specimens

of the parents and progeny), David George, Museum Aid, New York
Botanical Garden.

50. Plant Breeding Work in Germany, J. C. Whitten, Horticulturist, Univer-

sity of Missouri, Columbia, Mo.

51. Hybrids and Diseases, L. H. Pammel, Botanist, State College, Ames, Iowa.

It is not within the range of possibilities, nor is it, I believe, demanded
of the delegate to make an exhaustive report of the entire proceedings, but
more than passing allusion to that portion of the proceedings which seem
of greatest interest to the members of the S. A. F. and O. H. seems neces-
sary and to the point. The paper by Professor W. Bateson, of Cambridge

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 150

University, England, on "Jlie Practical Aspects of the New Discoveries in
Heredity," and his masterful treatment of it was listened to w;ith wrapt atten-
tion. His remarks dealt principally with an elucidation and exposition of
Mendel's principles. The essential point which Mendel discovered and which
others are now discovering in the field of inquiry, is that though a plant may
be made up of many characters, as, for instance, height, size, color, form,
hairiness, leaves, fruit, etc., yet in a very considerable number of cases — a
number of which increases almost every month — these characters are in the
plant individual; that when two varieties ditTering in, saj% color, form or
other attribute, are crossed together a hybrid is formed : and that that hybrid
when it comes to make its own germ cells makes them, in a number of cases,
such that each cell represents one of the grand parental characters and not
both.

The professor believes- that we have reached a point when the practical
breeder with a definite object of any kind can take the facts now known in
this relation and use them to advantage. It cannot be long, if investigations
continue, before we reach a stage when the plant breeder will be in a position
not so very diflferent from what the chemist is in — that he will be able to do
what he wants to do.

Puritj' of the germ cells will create stability of character. It is no longer
believed that fixity of character can be brought about b}' selection.

Professor Bailey in discussing the paper recommended to those interested
in the subject Professor Bateson's work on Mendel's Principles of Heredity.

Another interesting paper was presented by I. T. Lynch, curator of the
Botanic Garden at Cambridge, England, making some suggestions for the
Classification of Hybrids. He submitted the following classification: Bj-
generic hybrids, fertile and true from seed; bi-generic hybrids, unfertile;
hybrids that come true from seed never reverting ; hybrids that are more fer-
tile than either parent; hybrids which return after a generation or two to the
parent species ; wild hybrids which take the position of either parent, and are
equal to species.

Common usage having departed from the restrictive meaning of the
word "hybrid," as signifying the result of a cross between two species, and
applied it as well to the product of crossing two varieties, it was thought some
confusion would result from the use of the term, and a committee consisting
of C. B. Watrous, Professors Bailey and Hays, Dr. Britton and Mr. Groff
was appointed by the chair to submit to the conference a suggested classifica-
tion.

It was also recommended that the Department of Agriculture at Wash-
ington maintain a bureau of statistics where records be kept of experimental
work in plant breeding throughout the country. This, it was believed, would
obviate repetitions of work already done and save trouble and expense.

A paper of direct interest to florists was presented by Messrs. E. G. Hill,
C. W. Ward and Antoine Wintzer in three separate parts. E. G. Hill referred
to the work his firm had been doing in the breeding of roses, carnations,
begonias and other plants. In the case of roses, the results were not what had
been expected. He said a thorough ripening of the seed was the most diffi-
cult part of the task, and that imperfect germination, or immature seed, pro-
duced sickly plants which were susceptible to mildew, black spot, etc. Many
varieties had also shown a tendency to duplicate the parents.

He referred to the progress made in the obtaining of seedling chrysanthe-
mums and carnations, and stated that begonias presented an unlimited field for
the hybridizer. He himself had, in this latter direction, obtained some good'
results (which were unfortunately lost) by crossing the rex varieties with the •
shrubbv kinds.

160' PKOCEEDINGS OF E1GHTK1:XT1I CONN'ENTION

George Nicholson, of Kew, told of successful experimcnls made by Veitch
of London in crossing Begonia socotrana with some of the tuberous-rooted
begonias, first crossing these, then going back to B. socotrana. Large flowers
of the most magnificent colors had resulted from these crosses.

Referring to the rose question, Mr. Nicholson stated that when in France
recently, he had read in the "Lyons Horticole" an article by the editor of that
periodical in which ihe latter stated, although it had been claimed by the rose
hybridizers of France that seedlings had been obtained from the variety La
France, this was not the case, as La France was entirely sterile.

Professor Spillman, of Washington, said there was a field of work open
for the hybridizer to take plants of these multi-hybrids, or varieties of hybrids,
select some of them and see what types they will split up into. If Mendel's
law be true, they certainly will spit up into types. If a breeder cross two dis-
tinct varieties and propagate from the seed, no one can predict what the result
will be in the first generation, but if the seed of the hybrid be taken, it is
possible to tell what it will produce in the third generation.

Patrick O'Mara, referring to the question brought up by Mr. Nicholson,
stated that several rose growers in this country had disseminated varieties
which were supposed to be descendants of the La France rose ; the point was
an exceedingly interesting one. The same speaker also took exception to the
statement that the hybridizer had succeeded in producing a carnation flower
nearly twice the size of those found in former days. He thought the size
seen in the carnation to-day is partly attributable to cross-breeding, and partly
to cultivation. He cited the case of the difference in the flowers of the Mrs.
Thos. W. Lawson carnation grown for exhibition and those seen on the mar-
ket ; also certain varieties of roses ; and it was within the range of reason to
believe that these plants, if grown under the same conditions, should give the
same size of blooms. He thought that probably they were attaching too much
importance to the work of the hj'bridizer and not enough to the man who
cultivated the flowers — a statement which was applauded. He also referred
to the fact that the blooms of the varieties Edwardsii and President DeGraw
at the time these were at their best and well grown would compare favorably
with the flowers of Lizzie McGowan and other white kinds cultivated to-day
under the same methods of culture. He dwelt upon the fact that when these
varieties were grown for market disbudding was not practiced and conse-
quently as large flowers were not produced as might be.

Mr. Spillman suggested that somebody save the seed of a rose after it
has been cross fertilized, save each plant separately every year, and keep a
record of what comes from it ; the result would be surprising.

T. V. Munson, of Texas, spoke of having noticed in his grounds the past
season a yellow flower on a Catherine Mermet rose bush which was as fine as
the flower of the ]\Iarechal Niel and very much of the form of the bloom
of Maman Cochet. He thought that other good varieties might sport from
Mermet. and advised that a watch be exercised by the growers of that rose.

Mr. Ward stated that, while ignorant of the existence of such a person
as Mendel until yesterday, he had been working along what he believed to be
Mendel's theory. He divided his carnations into sections, by colors, breed-
ing in each section, and he had got to a point where he had obtained repro-
ductions. He had never saved seed from any particular plant, but would do
so in the future.

Professor Bailey followed with "A Medley of Pumpkins." His remarks
were interspersed with considerable humor; he told the conference that after
eight years in the crossing of pumpkin, squash, gourds, etc., he had aban-
doned the work as hopeless.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 161

Referring to Alendel's law, he characterized it as a good form of experi-
mental research. It will result in a freer discussion of heredity than has hap-
pened before. While it might be possible to predict characters, still it was
a question if varieties could be foretold; and with these characters might come
some objectionable influences, such as susceptibility to disease, etc. He was
glad Mr. O'Mara had brought forward the question of cultivation versus cross
breeding. He believed the best results would be obtained by a combination
of both — a good variety and good cultivation. The ideal plant breeding work
of the future would be that done in the laboratory joined with that accom-
plished in the field.

Professor L. C. Corbett. of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington,
D. C, presented a paper on the "Improvement of Roses by Bud Selection," of
which the following is an abstract:

The results which are recorded in the article prepared under the above
title are based on a series of tests with rose cuttings made from blind and
flowering wood and covering a period of five years.

The work was undertaken to settle a point in dispute among commercial
growers of roses as to the relative value of plants grown from blind and
flowering wood for flower production.

This naturally involved the problem of bud selection, which is offered as
the excuse for asking the attention of this convention to a statement of the
viewpoint together with a summary of the results.

1. Do cuttings tend to perpetuate the individual peculiarities of the parent
branch from which they are taken?

2. Can accumulative results be obtained from a continuous use of cut-
tings from wood with like habits — i. e., can the flowering habit of plants be in-
creased by the continuous use of flowering wood selected through successive
years from plants which have themselves been produced from flowering wood?

The tendencies manifest in a branch are perpetuated from generation to
generation in plants propagated by sexual processes.

It is equally demonstrated that cumulative results are not to be expected
by selecting parts showing like tendencies through successive generations. The
flowering habit of plants grown from flowering wood of plants which them-
selves had been produced from flowering wood was not increased even in the
fifth generation over what it was in the first. On the other hand, plants re-
peatedly propagated from blind wood through five successive generations were
not markedly less floriferous in the fifth than in the first generation.

In both plants propagated from blind and from flowering wood, there was
a slight tendency toward lessened flower production. This may be accounted
for in that the stock from which the plants were propagated each season had
been grown and forced under artificial conditions, and no attention was given
to selecting cuttings from the strongest plants.

The commercial side of this experiment is, of course, the most important
one from the standpoint of the practical grower. It is clearly more economical
for the florist to produce his plants each season from blind wood, and since
there is no cumulative effect from such a procedure, the plants so produced are
not necessarih' less floriferous than the parent stock. But where bloom rather
than stock plants is the end sought, the tests are emphatic in declaring the
superiority in this respect of plants grown from flowering wood. A rose
grower can well afford to send short-stemmed roses to market during the
months of January and February if by so doing he can secure sufficient flow-
ering wood for propagating purposes to insure a stand of flowering wood
plants for the reproduction of the succeeding crop.

Mr. C. W. Ward presented a paper on Carnations, outlining the work
done by him in the breeding of these flowers. This year Mr. Ward has 7,500

162 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

seedling plants. He had introduced into commerce i6 varieties and has now
20 more that would be profitable, were not others in the way. His advance-
ment in seedling growing had been more rapid since he had divided his varie-
ties into color classes, and practiced what might be called in-breeding. He
was not of the belief that the pollen parent had much influence on the color.
He kept a record of all the crosses made by him, and was thus able to tell the
parentage on both sides of any seedling produced upon his place. Mr. Ward's
remarks were listened to with the greatest attention by the scientists present,
who complimented him on his systematic procedure and evidencd great interest
in the specialty in which he is engaged, showing that not only to the florist,
but to the scientist as well, the carnation appeals in a most potential manner.
Mr. Ward's talk was illustrated with lantern slides, showing the gradual evo-
lution of varieties, and some Winter scenes, demonstrative of what the florist
has to contend with in the pursuit of his calling.

The conference may fairly be said to mark an epoch in plant breeding.
The wide scope of the papers presented, the high reputation achieved in their
various fields by the men who presented them, coupled with the fact that they
traveled thousands of miles in many instances to be present, added force to
the interest in the subject. It can be safely said that the conference exceeded
the expectations of those who promoted it, and it must be of great value to
the future of horticulture and agriculture. The entire proceedings will be
published in book form by the Horticultural Society of New York. All of
which is respectfully submitted. Patrick O'Mara.

SPECIAL EXPRESS RATES ON PLANTS, BULBS, SEEDS, ETC.

The following' is a copy of the revised classification now in force
among the principal compajiies. It will be seen that plants completely
crated are put on the same footing as those completely boxed :

*Plants — Completely boxed or crated — general special rate.

Between points where no general special is in force, plants packed as
above may be taken at 20 per cent, less than merchandise rates, pound rates,
minimum charge 35 cents for each company carrying, prepaid or guaranteed.

*Completely enclosed in baskets, and so packed that they may be stowed
with other freight without injury to the plants, pound rates, minimum 35
cents — merchandise rate.

Plants not packed as above double merchandise rate.

*RooTS — For planting, completely boxed and packed so that they may be

handled without extra care — general special rate.

Between points where no general special is in force, roots packed as aoove
may be taken at 20 per cent, less than merchandise rates, pound rates, mini-
mum charge of 35 cents for each company carrying, prepaid or guaranteed.

*Completely enclosed in baskets, and so packed that they may be stowed
with other freight without injury to the roots, pound rates, minimum, 35
cents — merchandise rate.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 163

CONVENTION BOWLING CONTEST.

The team bowling contest was on the alleys of the Albemarle
Club, which were perfect in every respect. The scores were not
high, however, as for some reason the strain or extra earnestness
put into the work seemed to interfere with the judgment of the
players and some good men made poor showings. Baltimore and
Chicago were first up. After a spirited contest Baltimore managed
to win the last game by two points, Chicago getting the first two
by good margins.

They gave way to Philadelphia and New York. In this struggle
Philadelphia soon drew away and, obtaining the lead, kept it to the
finish. The second game, 883, proved the highest single of the
match and with this they get the Detroit hotel prize, which is now
their property, as they had won it once before, in Detroit. They
also won the Hitchings cup, for high last game, with 863 ; and the
Lord & Burnham prize, for high total in three games, with 2,580.
This is now theirs absolutely, as they had one win in Buffalo last
year.

Detroit and Cincinnati were to follow, but Detroit rolled alone,
as Cincinnati did not then show up, having had trouble getting
together. Detroit played a good score by themselves and would
likely have done better had they been pushed.

The individual prizes for players in the tournament went, first
for high single game (188) to Robert Halliday, of Baltimore; for
high total in three games (494) to B. Starkey, of Philadelphia;
second high total (475} to Halliday; third high individual (467)
to George M. Moss, and strike prize (12) to same player. William
Robertson, of Philadelphia, won the prize for the greatest number
of spares (15). So it may be said that Philadelphia made a clean
sweep, for with the exception of the highest single game they got
everything else in sight:

The following are the complete scores :

CHICAGO. 1st. 2d. 3d. Total.

Wilson 129 163 146 438

Winterson 142 1 1 1 142 395

Hartshorne 147 143 130 420

Enders 116 175 110 401

McKellar 182 144 134 460

Samuelson 75 97 122 294

Totals 791 833 784 2408

164

PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

BALTIMORE.

1st.

Halliday 136

Welsh 134

Lehr 124

Moss 126

Patterson 116

Berry 87

Totals 718

PHILADELPHIA.

1st.

Moss 136

Anderson 114

Starkey 150

Watson 143

Robertson 146

Kift 145

Totals 834

NEW YORK.

I St.

Lang 133

O'Mara nS

Traendly 136

Siebrecht I59

Shaw 100

Thielman 99

Totals 742

DETROIT.

1st.

Breitmeyer 162

Dunn 127

Sullivan 144

Taylor 152

Dilger 117

Balsley 108

Totals 810

CINCINNATL

I St.

Gillett 95

Murphy loi

George • 178

Sunderbruch 95

Witterstaetter 93

Crichtell 142

Totals 704

2d.

3d.

Total.

188

156

475

107

100

341

125

155

404

142

176

444

158

107

381

91

92

270

811 786 2315

2d.

3d.

Total,

163

168

467

105

134

353

165

179

494

172

128

443

163

126

435

"5

128

388

883 863 2580

2d.

3d.

Total.

146

158

437

103

115

333

166

161

463

105

107

371

146

no

356

130

139

368

796 790 2328

2d.

3d.

Total.

147

135

444

92

133

352

140

188

472

142

III

405

120

124

361

122

104

334

763 795 2368

2d.

3d.

Total.

129

95

319

146

100

347

124

112

414

116

163

374

117

82

292

113

177

432

745

729 2178

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 165

The following are the scores in the contests for individuals :

25 TO 55 YEARS, BAYERSDORFER MEDAL.

Player. ist.

A. J. Guttman, New York 105

C. J. Graham, Cleveland 132

H. Eichholz, Waynesboro 64

H. Papworth, New Orleans 99

H. Brown, Richmond 88

W. H. Ernest, Washington 74

Frank Adelberger, Wayne, Pa 83

C. C. Pollworth, Milwaukee 135

C. C. Sanders, St. Louis 90

H. R. Brown, Lynchburg. Q9

J. W. Rodgers, Cincinnati 113

G. L. Grant, Chicago 84

Wm. Rehder, Wilmington, N. C 92

OVER 55 YEARS, WATSON MEDAL.

Player. ist.

F. C Weber, St. Louis 93

W. K. Harris, Philadelphia 130

Wm. Scott, Buffalo 117

Geo. McClure, Buffalo 120

W. J. Baker, Philadelphia 130

John Westcott, Philadelphia 109

UNDER 25 YEARS^ BERKOWITZ MEDAL.

Player. ist.

G. B. Windier, St. Louis 55

L Bertermann, Indianapolis 108

Wm. R. Gibson, Philadelphia 105

E. C. Loefler, Washington 107

2d.

Total,

I3Q

144

114

246

66

130

87

186

113

201

113

187

IIO

193

no

245

112

202

82

181

138

251

115

199

115

207

2d.

Total,

109

202

132

262

107

224

115

271

117

247

131

240

2d.

Total,

89

144

82

190

168

273

96

203;

SHOOTING CONTEST.

Thursday afternoon, August 21st, Grounds of Asheville Gun
Club.

INDIVIDUAL CONTEST — 15 TARGETS — 3 PRIZES.

Scored.

W. A. Hammond 14

H. Brown 14

Wm. K. Harris 14

George Anderson 14

H. M. Altick 13

Edw. Reid 11

William Scott 10

A. B. Cartledge 11

Shoot off of tie — W. A. Hammond, first ; Wm. K. Harris, second ; Geo.
Anderson, third.

166 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

INDIVIDUAL CONTEST — 25 TARGETS — 3 PRIZES.

Scored.

H. M. Altick 24

W. A. Hammond 24

Wm. K. Harris 23

George Anderson 23

A. B. Cartledge 22

Edw. Reid 20

H. Brown 17

William Scott 15

Shoot off the tie — H. M. Altick, first ; W. A. Hammond, second ; Wm. K.
Harris, third.

TEAM CONTEST — FIFTY TARGETS.

Asheville vs. S. A. F. & O. H.
Prize— Scarf pin to each member of winning team.

ASHEVILLE TEAM.

E. P. McKissick 23 21 — 44

T. Coxe 18 24^ 42

J. D. Carrier 23 22 — 45

D. Miller 21 23 — 44

R. Bingham 24 24 — 48

V. S. Lusk 21 24— 45

Team total — 268

S. A. F. & 0. H. TEAM.

W. A. Hammond 23 24 — 47

Wm. K. Harris 24 23— 47

H. M. Altick 25 21—46

A. B. Cartledge 23 23— 46

George Anderson 20 19 — 39

Edw. Reid 15 18— 33

Team total— 258

Robert Halliday,
A. B. Cartledge,
; ' Committee on Sports.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 167

FLORISTS' HAIL ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA.

The annual meeting of the Florists' Hail Association of America
was held in Auditorium Hall, Asheville, on the afternoon of Thurs-
day, August 21, 1902. After the approval of the minutes as read by
the Secretary, the following reports of the Secretary and Treasurer
were accepted as presented and ordered to be placed on file :

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.

On the first day of August, 1902, the 1,098 members comprising the
Florists' Hail Association of America insured an aggregate of 16,972,538
square feet of glass, subdivided as follows: Single thick, 3,643,463 square feet;
double thick, 8,670,634 square feet; single thick, extra one-half, 361,069 square
feet; double thick, extra one-half, 830,993 square feet; single thick, extra
whole insurance, 983,769 square feet ; double thick, extra whole insurance,
2,482,610 square feet.

The receipts for the year ending August i, 1902, have been: From
twelfth assessment, $9,498.77; from new business, as per treasurer's report,
$2,545.84; from interest in investments, $406; from reinsurance of glass
broken by hail, $104.53 ; from repayment of loan, $400. Total receipts for the
year, $12,955.14.

The treasurer has paid $8,483.25 for losses during the year; for ex-
penses, $1,629.49; for investment on account of emergency fund, $6,400;
making a total of $16,512.74.

The cash balance on hand at the close of the year is $6,116, of which
$2,307.15 belongs to the reserve fund, and leaving $3,808.85 available for use
in the emergency fund. To this should be added $6,000 which has been in-
vested upon call, making a total of $9,808.85 for the payment of losses.

The reserve fund of the Florists' Hail Association now consists of
$7,600, invested as per treasurer's report, and $2,307.15 cash in hand, making
the total reserve fund August i, 1902, $9,907.15.

Glass belonging to members to the extent of 86,261 square feet of single
thick and 32,196 square feet of double thick was broken by hail during the
past year, and paid for by the Florists' Hail Association.

Since the first day of June, 1887, the Florists' Hail Association has paid
over 600 losses, involving an expenditure of about $53,000.

168

PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

STATES.

00 oj
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0 £

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<u

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3

5
3

9
4

7
2

3

5
II

5

10
10

4
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-C be
O.'O

n

^~ 4; 1-1
o bb

I

I

9
I

4
I

4
10
12

5
15
16

Maine 3

Vermont 3

New Hampshire 7 i

Rhode Island 3

Connecticut 9 i

Massachusetts 10

New York yy il

New Jersey 52 9

Pennsylvania 59 29

Delaware 2 i

Ohio 54 43

Indiana 19 10

Illinois 69 52

Michigan 14 5

Wisconsin 26 27

Minnesota 28 31

Iowa 52 63

Missouri 50 80

Kansas 56 84

Nebraska 41 55

Arkansas 2

Colorado 33 45

North Dakota 6 i

South Dakota 11 5

Montana I

Wyoming 3 3

Maryland 10 5

Virginia 3 i

West Virginia 11 3

North Carolina 4 i

Kentucky 10 4

Georgia 3

Texas 11

Louisiana 2

Tennessee 2

Florida i

Mississippi i

Oklahoma Territory 7

Indian Territory i

District of Columbia 4

Canada 4

New Mexico 2 2

The business of the Association has increased rapidly during the past
year, and the risks now assumed by the F. H. A. amount to upward of
$1,000,000.

The treasurer's report shows a financial condition of which the members

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 169

of the Florists' Hail Association have reason to feel proud, and its policy
of making prompt payment of losses when properly presented has been con-
tinued successfully for upward of fifteen years.

In one instance this season the Association has paid one firm for three
losses in as many months, while other florists who were members of the
Association residing but a few miles distant were not hit by either storm.
The fact is alluded to as being an unequal distribution of ice which does not
frequently occur.

The election of Directors resulted in the choice of G. M. Kellogg, of
Pleasant Hill, Mo., and H. H. Ritter, of Dayton, Ohio.

The by-laws were then amended as follows: Section 4 of Article 11 was-
ordered stricken out and the following article was ordered inserted in its
stead :

The annual cash balance in bank each year at the time of making annual'
report, and the Reserve Fund investments in the hands of the Treasurer
shall be verified by the bank or trust company in which they are deposited,
and such verification be mailed by the Secretary to the officers and directors
of the Association each year.

A letter from Henry A. Dreer, of Philadelphia, suggesting an assessment
by States was presented by the secretary and after considerable discussion
the following resolution was adopted : "The stockholders having considered
the communication of Henry A. Dreer, Inc., do instruct the Secretary to
advise them, that present information does not warrant a change in the
methods of making assessments."

The meeting then adjourned.

A meeting of the Directors being held elected the following officers for
the ensuing year : J. C. Vaughan, of Chicago, President ; E. G. Hill, of
Richmond, Ind., Vice-President ; John G. Esler, of Saddle River, N. J.,
■Secretary; Albert M. Herr, of Lancaster, Pa., Treasurer. They also in-
structed the secretary to levy the thirteenth assessment on March i, 1903.

John G. Esler, Secretary.

REPORT OF THE TREASURER.
RECEIPTS.

Interest received from Orvil B. & L. Call Loan $70.00

Interest received from Saddle River School Loan 5.00

Interest from Certificates of Deposit 136.00

Interest from Government Bond '. 15.00

Interest from Chicago School Bond 20.00

Interest from Orvil Twp. Bonds 50.00

Interest from Tri-State Building and Loan Association 110.00

Received from 12th Assessment 9,498.77

Received from Membership Fees 956.70

Received from New Insurance 562.74

170 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

Received from Additional Insurance 51441

Received from Extra Half Insurance 100.90

Received from Extra Whole Insurance 411.09

Received from Re-insurance 104.53

Received from Saddle River School (return of loan) 400.00

Total $12,955.14

DISBURSEMENTS.

For Losses $8,483.25

For Expenses 1,629.49

Total $10,1 12.74

DISBURSEMENTS ON ACCOUNT OF LOANS.

Sept. 4. 1901. Call loan to Orvil B. & L. Association $3,000.00

Oct. 3. Three months loan to Saddle River School (repaid) 400.00

May 7. Call loan to Orvil B. & L. Association 3,000.00

RESERVE FUND INVESTMENTS. $6,400.00

Certificates of Deposit with The Lancaster Trust Co $3,400.00

Tri-State Building and Loan Association 2,200.00

Chicago Bond 500.00

U. S. Government Bond 500.00

Orvil Township Bonds (two) 1,000.00

$7,600.00
EMERGENCY FUND INVESTMENT.
Call loans to the Orvil Building and Loan Association 6,000.00

$13,600.00

RECAPITULATION.

To balance on hand August i, 1901 $9,674.40

To total receipts for the year ending August i, 1902 12,955.14

$22,629.54

By losses paid for the year ending August i, 1902 $8,483.25

By expenses paid for the year ending August i, 1902 1,629.49

By money paid out for loans 6,400.00

By balance 6,1 16.80

$22,629.54
In account with the Florists' Hail Association of America for the year
ending with August i, 1902.

(Signed)

Albert M. Herr, Treasurer.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. l'7l

AMERICAN CARNATION SOCIETY.

The next meeting of The American Carnation Society will be held
in Brooklyn, N. Y., February 19 and 20, 1903, and the prospects are
for an extraordinarily fine exhibit of flowers, to be held in conjunction
with the meeting. Further announcements will be made through the
"trade papers," or particulars can be had by addressing Albert M.
Herr^ Lancaster, Pa.

CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY OF AMERICA.

A meeting was held at Asheville, N. C, August 21, 1902, Pres-
ident Herrington in the chair. In the absence of Edwin Lons-
dale, M. Barker was appointed secretary. Those present included
C. H. Hune, Memphis, Tenn. ; F. R. Pierson, Tarrytown-on-Hud-
son, N. Y. ; E. G. Hill, Richmond, Ind. ; A. Herrington, Madison,
N. J. ; A. Wallace, New York ; E. A. Seidewitz, Baltimore, Md. ;
James Hartshorne, J. C. Vaughan, and M. Barker, Chicago.

The minutes of the previous meeting were not at hand, Mr,
Herrington having mislaid them, and their consideration was de-
ferred until the next meeting.

Mr. Herrington stated that a typewritten copy of the by-laws
of the society had been brought to light recently, according to which
the annual meeting should be held in November, and not in August,
as had been the custom for several years. It appeared to be taken
for granted that the by-laws should be observed.

On the motion of Mr. Barker, seconded by Mr. Pierson, it
was resolved that the Secretary of the Society of American Florists
be requested to withhold the publication of his report of the annual
convention of the Society of the American Florists so as to incorpo-
rate the report of the convention in November of the Chrysanthe-
mum Society of America.

On the motion of Mr. Hill, seconded by Mr. Hartshorne, it
was resolved that W. N. Rudd, M. Barker and Emil Buettner
constitute a committee to arrange for chrysanthemum convention in

172 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

connection with the November exhibition, the committee to act in
conjunction with the president of the chrysanthemum society.

On the motion of ^Ir. Vaughan, seconded by Mr. Harts-
HORNE, it was resolved that the executive committee be instructed
to spend, at its discretion, a sum not to exceed $150.00 in paying
express charges for the purpose of procuring large specimen plants
for the November exhibition.

After some further desultory discussion, the meeting adjourned.

Michael Barker,

Secretary pro tern.

special meeting of c. s. a.
German Hall, Indianapolis, Ind., Feb. 20. 1902.
President Herrington in the chair.

Secretary Edwin Lonsdale being absent, Elmer D. Smith
acted as secretary pro tem.

President Herrington stated the object of the meeting was to
provide ways and means to hold an exhibition next November, under
the auspices of the Chrysanthemum Society of America, or in con-
nection with some one of the horticultural societies.

On motion of W. N. Rudd, a committee, consisting of the
president and secretary of the Society, was appointed and requested
to confer with the Horticultural Society of Chicago, and, if possible,
make definite arrangement to the aforesaid purpose and end.

Elmer D. Smith,

Secretary pro tem.

secretary's report.

Of the twenty-nine varieties of chrysanthemums exhibited be-
fore the Committees of the C. S. A. during the Fall of 1901, seven-
teen were awarded certificates. The varieties are as follows :

Opah (Nathan Smith & Son, Jap. rcf., white, slightly suffused with pink.
Adrian (Nathan Smith & Son), Jap. inc., creamy white.
Harry A. Fee (Nathan Smith & Son), Jap. ref., bronze red. with yellow tips.
Cresco (Nathan Smith & Son), Jap. inc., apricot, shaded pink.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 173

Mrs. F. J. Taggart (Nathan Smith & Son), Jap. ref., yellow (Golden Wed-
ding X Gold Mine).
Polar Queen (Nathan Smith & Son), inc.. outer petals ref., creamy white

Nagoya x Yel. Mrs. Jones).
C. Hoist (The E. G. Hill Co.), White, type of Merry Christmas.
Cremo (McMillan & Sons), Jap. ref., light yellow. Sport of Glory of Pacific.
John R. Weir (H. A. Molatsch), Close inc. Jap., rose pink, light reverse.
Pride of Elstowe (Ernest Schrieber), ref., rose pink.
Honesty (Geo. Hollis), Jap., white, cream center.
Bentley (Robt. G. Carey), Jap. ref., light pink.
Providence (John G. Jensen), Jap. inc., light shade of nankeen. Supposed

to be a sport from Western King.
Henry A. Gane (Waban Rose Conservatories), rosy pink, lighter center.

Raised by the late Henry A. Gane.
Sirius (Wm. Paul Binder), ref., white.
Mrs. Wm. Eraser (Wm. Paul Binder), Jap. ref.. magenta.
Miss Jane IMorgan (Wm. Paul Binder). Jap. inc., pale pink.

THE PEONY ASSOCIATION.

According to the wishes of the Society as expressed at the Ashe-
ville Convention, President Bnrton appointed a committee to advance
the interests of the Peony. This committee met and organized as the
Peony Association of the S. A. F., in New York, October 30, and
selected Edwin Lonsdale, of Chestnut Hill, Pa., as president, and Geo.
C. Watson, of Philadelphia, Pa., as secretary. The Association has
power to add to its membership, the only qualification necessary for
membership being that a person be interested in the Peony, either as
an amateur or in a coinmercial way. Five dollars will be the cost
of membership in the Association the first year, and $3.00 per
annum thereafter, membership in the Peony Association also includ-
ing membership in the Society of American Florists. The Associa-
tion is in correspondence with those who are known to be in sym-
pathy with the objects in view, and has already received very great
encouragement in the work which has been mapped out. The first
work contemplated is the compiling of a reliable check list of all the
known varieties of Peony, with their synonyms. Later a Peony ex-
hibition will be encouraged, and it is contemplated to have eventually

174 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

testing grounds where samples can be grown and compared. A
Peony enthusiast, located near to the executive officers of the Asso-
ciation, who is not in any way interested in commercial floriculture,
has promised to form a Peony garden on his private estate, and allow
his gardener to cultivate and look after the collection for the benefit
of the Association. This removes all possibility of bias, and also
relieves the Association of any expense in connection with the care
and cultivation of the samples. It is the intention to solicit samples of
all the named varieties from those who are willing to donate for the
purpose of testing and comparing. The following have been ap-
pointed honorary corresponding members of the Association :

Kelway & Sons, Langport, Somerset, England.

Thos. S. Ware, Feltham, Surrey, England.

J. Backhouse & Son, York, England.

C. Paillet, Orleans, France.

Louis Van Houtte, Ghent, Belgium.

E. Krelage & Son. Harlaam, Holland.

Alfred Dimmock (Sander & Co.), St. Albans, England.

R. H. Vertigans & Co.. Chad Valley, Birmingham, England.

Barr & Sons, Covent Garden, London, England.

A. & C. Pearson, Lowdham, Notts, England.

J. Veitch & Son. Chelsea, London, England.

Jno. Eorbes, Hawick, Scotland.

Those who wish to forward the interests of the Peony and help
in this movement should correspond with the secretary of the Associa-
tion, Geo. A. Watson, Juniper and Walnut Streets, Philadelphia.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

175

LIFE MEMBERS.

Anderson, Wm. F., Waltham, Mass.

Ball, Chas. D., Holmesburg, Pa.

Beatty, H. B., Oil City, Pa.

Burki, Fred, Bellevue P. O., Alle-
gheny Co., Pa.

Bisset, Peter, Twin Oaks, Washing-
ton, D. C.

Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut St.,

Phila., Pa.
Cook, H. A., Shrewsbury, Mass.
Craig. Robt., 49th and Market Sts.,

Philadelphia, Pa.

Daggett, W. A., 431 Medford St.,

Charlestown, Mass.
Deake, J. W. C, Asheville, N. C.
Deake, Mrs. J. B., Asheville, N. C.
Dean, James, Freeport, L. I., N. Y.
Dillon, J. L., Bloomsburg, Pa.

Esler, John G., Saddle River, N. J.
Ewell, Warren, 38 Wayland St., Rox-
bury, Mass.

Fancourt, Geo. E., Wilkesbarre, Pa.
Farquhar, Jas. F. M., 6 and 7 So.

Market St., Boston, Mass.
Farquhar,, J. K. M. L., 6 and 7 So.

Market St., Boston, Mass.
Fuller, J., Leominster, Mass.

Galvin, Thds. F., 124 Tremont St.,
Boston, Mass.

Graham, Adam, 2849 Euclid Ave.,
Cleveland, O.

Gude, A., 1224 F. St., N. W., Wash-
ington, D. C.

Gude, Wm. F., 1224 F. St., N. W.,
Washington, D. C.

Hammond, Benj., Fishkill-pn-Hud-
son, N. Y.

Harris, J. J., 55th St. and Spring-
field Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

Harris, W. K., ssth St. and Spring-
field Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

Harris, W. K., Jr., 55th St. and
Springfield Ave., Philadelphia,
Pa.

Hartshorne, Jas., Joliet, 111.

Herrington, A., Madison, N. J.

Houghton, F. H., Hotel Berkeley,
Boston, Mass.

Imlay, John D., Zanesville, O.

Kasting, W. F.. 481 Washington St.,

Buffalo, N. Y.
Kellogg, Geo. M., Pleasant Hill, Mo.
Kretschmar, H. G., 237 Lincoln Road,

Brooklyn, N. Y.
Kretschmar, J. F., 237 Lincoln Road,

Brooklyn, N. Y.

Langjahr, A. H.. 19 Boerum PI.,

Brooklyn, N. Y.
Leuly, E., W. Hoboken, N. J.

May, J. N., Summit. N. J.
Mathison, Fred R., Waltham, Mass.
Montgomery, Alex., Natick, Mass.
Murdoch, A. M., 510 Smithfield St.,
Pittsburg, Pa.

Newbold. Frederick R.. Poughkeepsie,
N. Y.

O'Mara, Patrick, Grand St., Jersey
City, N. J.

Pennock, J. L., 1514 Chestnut St.,
Phila., Pa.

Rackham, Geo. A., 880 Vandyke Ave.,

Detroit, Mich.
Roehrs, Julius, Rutherford, N. J.

176 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

Schellhorn, Christian, Washington, Thiemann, H., Manchester-by-the-

Y) Q ^^^' Mass.

Siebrecht, H. A..NewRochelle, N.Y. Thorne, Samuel, 43 Cedar St, New
Siebrecht, W. H, Astoria, L. I. City, York, N. Y.

N. Y. Walker, H. J, 644 Fourth Ave^,

Stewart, Wm. J, 79 Milk St, Boston, Louisville, Ky.

Mass. Ward, C. W., Queens, N. Y.

Smith, Elmer D., Adrian, Mich. Welch, E. J., 15 Province St, Boston,

Smith, Wm. R., Botanic Garden, Mass.

,,r , • . T^ n Welch, P., 15 Province St., Boston,

Washmgton, D. C. . . j

Mass.

Williams, Fred. H.. Waltham, Mass.
Taylor, F. W., World's Fair, St. Witterstastter, Richard, Sedamsville,
Louis, Mo. Ohio.

Societi^ of Hmerican jfloriets anb
©rnamental Iborticulturiste ^^

Organization for 1902.

President. Treasurer.

JOHN BI'RTON, . Chestnut Hill, Pa. H. B. BEATTY . Oil City, Pa.

Vlce-PreBldent. Secretary.

J. W. C. DEAKE, . Aeheville, N. C. WM. J. STEWART, Boston, Mass.

Directors.

For One Yea.r. For Two Years.

J. F. Sullivan, . Detroit, Mich. Alex. Wallace, . New Yorls, N. Y.

A. B. Cartledge, . Philadelphia, Pa. Emil Bcettner, Park Kidge, 111.

J D. Carmody, . Evanevllle, Ind. R. Wittehstaetter, SedamsvlUe, O.

For Three Years.
F. R. Mathibon, Waltham, Mass.

ROBT. Halliday, . Baltimore, Md.

Entomologist, Prof. L. O. Howard, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Botanist Dr. N. L. Britton, Botanical Garden, New Yorli, N. Y.

Pathologist, . Prof. A. F. Woods, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C

('hnirman of Legislative Committee J. N. May, Summit, X. .J.

Chairman of Claims Committee, .... H. A. Siebrecht, New York, N. Y'.

Chairman of Committee on Sports, . A. B. Cartledge, Philadelphia, Pa.

Plant Registration Department in Charge of Secretary.

For 1903.

President. Secretary.

JOHN BURTON, . Wyndmoor, Pa. WM. J. STEWART, Boston, Mass.

Vice-President. Treasurer.

C C. POLLWORTH, Milwaukee, Wis. H. B. BEATTY, . . Oil City, Pa.

Directors.

For One Year. For Two Years.

Alex. Wallace, New York, N. Y. F. R. Mathibon. . Waltham, Mass.

Emil Buettner, Park Ridge, 111. Robt. Halliday, . Baltimore, Md.

R. Witterstaetter, SedamsvlUe, O.

For Three Years.
Two Members to be appointed by the President-elect, January 1, 1903.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

177

ANNUAL MEMBERS FOR J 902.

Abbott, John, Hinsdale, Mass.

Adelberger, Frank, Wayne, Pa.

Albrecht, John, Pencoyd, Pa.

Allen, R. W., Hudson. N. Y.

Allen, C. H., Floral Park, N. Y.

Altick, H. M., 1 123 No. Main St.,
Dayton, O.

Anderson, George, 5230 Woodland
Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

Armitage, Chas., 233 Mercer St., New
York, N. Y.

Arthur, G. S., Biltmore, N. C.

Aschmann, Godfrey, 1012 Ontario St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Asmus, Rudolph, New Durham, N. J.

Asmus, Geo., 897 INIadison Ave., Chi-
cago, 111.

Atkins, F. L., Rutherford, N. J.

Avery, F. P., Tunkliannock, Pa.

Bahr, Fritz, Highland Park, Chicago,

111.
Baird, O. L.. Dixon, 111.
Baker, Phoebe A., 42 No. Orange St.,

Media, Pa.
Baker, W. J., 1430 So. Penn Sq.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Baldwin, B. J., Paris, Tex.
Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Philadel-
phia, Pa.
Bailer, F. A., Bloomington, 111.
Balluff, Chas. M., 335 Wabash Ave.,

Chicago, 111.
Balsley. Harry, Detroit, Mich.
Banner, J. L., Montezuma, N. C.
Barker, Michael, 324 Dearborn St.,

Chicago, 111.
Barnett, Richard, Woonsocket, R. I.
Barr, B. F., Lancaster, Pa.
Bartels, F. C, Woodcliff, Cleveland,

Ohio.

Barry, William C, Rochester, N. Y.
Bartholme, Gustav, Manlius St.,

Syracuse, N. Y.
Bassett, O. P., Hinsdale, 111.
Battles, H. H., 108 So. 12th St., Phil-
adelphia, Pa.
Baumer, Aug. R., 606 Fourth Ave.,

Louisville, Ky.
Bauer, Fred. C, Govanstown, Md.
Bauer. Otto, Washington, D. C.
Baur, S. A.. Erie, Pa.
Beam, David, Bala P. O. near Phila-
delphia, Pa.
Beard, F. H., 1248 W. Fort St., De-
troit, Mich.
Beaulieu, Henri, Woodhaven, N. Y.
Beck, Chas., National Military Home,

Montgomery Co., O.
Beckert, Chas., 95 Ohio St., E. Alle-
gheny, Pa.
Beckert, Theodore F., Glenfield, Pa.
Bellows, Chas. A., Adamsdale, Mass.
Beneke, J. J., 1222 Olive St.. St.

Louis, Mo.
Bender, Geo. J., Lewisburg, Pa.
Bennett, John, Blue Point, L. I., N. Y.
Benthey, F. F., 31-35 Randolph St..

Chicago, 111.
Berger, Mrs. H. H., 47 Barclay St.,

New York, N. Y.
Berckmans, L. A., Augusta, Ga.
Berno, E. M., 181 Hedges St., Mans-
field. O.
Berry, Frank, Stillwater, Minn.
Bertermann, John, Indianapolis, Ind.
Bertermann, Irvin C, Indianapolis,

Ind.
Bester, Henry A., 44 E. Balto. St.,

Hagerstown, Md.
Bester. William, 205 So. Potomac St.,
Hagerstown, Md.

178

PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

Beyer, Robt., 3619 So. Grand St., St.
Louis, Mo.

Beyer, Carl, Grand and Evans Sts.,
St. Louis, Mo.

Bindloss, T. Palmer, 227 Montauk
Aye., New London, Conn.

Bischof, Herbert, So. Broadway,
Denver, Colo.

Bissenger, J. A., Lansing, Mich.

Blackman, Wm., Evansville, Ind.

Blackistone, Z. D., 14th and H. Sts.,
N. W., Washington, D. C.

Blick, Lloyd G., 51 Granby St., Nor-
folk, Va.

Boddington, A. T., 812 Greenwich
St., New York, N. Y.

Boehler, Oscar, W. Hoboken, N. J.

Bosshart, Fred, Glendale Station,
N. Y.

Bottomley, Robert, Biltmore. N. C.

Bottomley, Robt, Jr., Biltmore, N. C.

Brague, L. B., Hinsdale, Mass.

Braik, Jas., 1263 Elmwood Ave., Buf-
falo, N. Y.

Brainard, D. Wm., Thompsonville,
Conn.

Breed, E. W., Clinton, Mass.

Breitmeyer, Philip, Detroit, Mich.

Brenneman, J. D., 321 Walnut St.,
Harrisburg, Pa.

Briscoe, J. A., Detroit, Mich.

Brown, A. L., West Mentor, O.

Brown, E. C, Rochester, N. Y.

Brown, E. E., Asheville. N. C.

Brown, H., 5 W. Broad St.. Rich-
mond, Va.

Brown, Harry B., Lynchburg, Va.

Brown, T. D., Adams, Mass.

Brown, R. S., Box 99, Kansas City,
Mo.

Brown, Otway, Cape May, N. J.

Brunton, Frank, Stockbridge, Mass.

Bucheler. H. C, Box 94, Leetsdale,
Pa.

Buckbee, H. W.. Rockford. 111.

Buckingham, Ed. T., 236 Grand St.,

Brooklyn, N. Y.
Buettner, Emil, Park Ridge, 111.
Bullock, Mrs. E. M., Elkhart, Ind.
Burland, F. G., Watsonville, Santa

Cruz Co., Cal.
Burger, Fred. G., 1128-30 Greenmount

Ave., Baltimore, Md.
Burgevin, David, Pearl St., Kingston,

N. Y.
Burnhun, Wm. A., Irvington, N. Y.
Burns. Alexander S., Woodside, N. Y.
Burpee. W. Atlee, Fifth and Willow

Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.
Burton. John. Chestnut Hill, Phila-
delphia, Pa.
Bush, E. J., Charlotte, N. C.
Busch, Fred, Lyndale Ave. and 50th

St. So. Minneapolis, Minn.
Butterworth, J. T., So. Framingham,

Mass.
Butz, Frank P., New Castle, Pa.
Butz. Geo. C, State College, Centre

Co.. Pa.
Byrnes.* Peter S., Wickford, R. T.

Caldwell, G. W., Evergreen, Ala.

Campbell, Edw., Ardmore. Pa.

Campiehe, G., Asheville, N. C.

Cascaden. Jas. B., Manayunk, Pa.

Canning, J. B.. 234 Smith St., Provi-
dence, R. I.

Carey. J. E.. Mt. Clemens, Mich.

Carlquist, S. W.. Shadow Brook,
Lenox, Mass.

Carlton, H. R., Willoughby, O.

Carmichael. Donald, Wellesley, Mass.

Carmody, J. D.. Evansville, Ind.

Carpenter. A. D., Cohoes. N. Y.

Champion. J. N.. 1026 Chapel St.,
New Haven, Conn.

Chase. Benj., Derry, N. H.

Chase. Chas. S.. Elm St.. Dighton,
Mass.

Christie. Wm.. 904 Gorsuch Ave.,
Baltimore. Md.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

179

Clack, Sidney, Meiilo Park, Cal.

Clapp, E. B., 169 Boston St., South
Boston, Mass.

Clark, John, Botanic Garden, Wash-
ington, D. C.

Clark, William, 318 E. Platte Ave.,
Colorado Springs, Colo.

Clucas, R. W., 812 Greenwich St.,
New York, N. Y.

Coatsworth, L., 41 Randolph St., Chi-
cago, 111.

Coe, A. M., No. Olmstead, Cuyahoga
Co., O.

Coe, Ernest F., Elm City Nursery
Co., New Haven, Conn.

Coddington, L. B., Murray Hill, N. J.

Coles, W. W., Kokomo, Ind.

Collins, Thos., Hinsdale, Mass.

Conant, Henry T., Salem, Mass.

Connell, Benjamin, West Grove, Pa.

Connor, D. T., 588 Elmwood Ave.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Connon, J. M., St. Louis. Mo.

Cook, John, 318 North Charles St.,
Baltimore, Md.

Cook. M., 834 Canal St., New Orleans,
La

Cotter, Lawrence, New Dorchester,
• Mass.

Coventry, M. J.. Fort Scott, Kan.

Cowee, Arthur, Berlin, N. Y.

Cowee, W. J., Berlin, N. Y.

Cowell, J. F., Botanic Garden, Buf-
falo, N. Y.

Cox, C. W., Second and Bristol Sts.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Cox, G. F., Youngstown, O.

Crabb, G. F., Grand Rapids. Mich.

Craig, Geo., 211 So. nth St., Phila-
delphia. Pa.

Craig, W. P., 49th and Market Sts.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Craw, Lyman B., 1133 Broadway,
New York, N. Y.

Critchell, C. E., Atlanta, Ga.

Croom, J. F., Magnolia, N. C.

Crowe, Peter, Utica, N. Y.

Crump, Frank F., 509 E. Columbia
St., Colorado Springs, Colo.

Cunninghanr, Jos. H., 325 W. Will-
iam St., Delaware, O.

Cu?hman, E. H., Sylvania, O.

Dailledouze, Eugene. Flatbush, N. Y.
Dailledouze, Henry, Flatbush, N. Y.
Dailledouze. Paul, Flatbush, N. Y.
Dallas, A., ^,2 Union St., Waterbury,

Conn.
Davis, Jos. B., Orange, N. J.
Davis, W. S., Box 2, Purcellville, Va.
Dean, David A,, Freeport, N. Y.
Dean, Mark, 75 Pearl St., Boston,

]\Iass.
Deamud, J. B., 51 Wabash Ave., Chi-
cago, 111.
Degnan, John, care Northrup, King

& Co., Minneapolis, Minn.
Dehmer, C, Newark, N. J.
De La IMare, A, T., Rhinelander

Building. New York, N. Y.
Demeusy. A., Flatbush, Brooklyn,

N. Y.
Derthick, C. B., Main St., Ionia, Mich.
Devoy, Peter T., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Dickinson, George E., i Broadway,

New York, N. Y.
Dilger, William, Detroit. Mich.
Dingwall, John, Albany, N. Y.
Dirwanger, Albert, Portland, Me.
Dirwanger, Joseph A., 719 Congress

St., Portland, Me.
Ditzenberger, A., 75th St. and Fifth

Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Dole, Chas. L., Lockport, N. Y.
Donald, Wm., Roslindale, Mass.
Donaldson, John, Elmhurst, N. Y.
Donohue, P. J., Lenox, Mass.
Dorner, Fred. Lafayette, Ind.
Downs, Alex., 3806 Reno St., West

Philadelphia, Pa.
Drake, Foster I., 60 Appleton Ave.,

Pittsfield, jNIass.

180

PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

Drawiel, Chas. F., 435 Fifth Ave.,

Brooklyn, N. Y.
Dreer, William F., 714 Chestnut St.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Dunlop, J. H., 645 Lansdowne Ave.,

Toronto, Canada.
Dunn, John, 905 13th St., Detroit,

Mich.
Dupuy, Louis, Whitestone, N. Y.
Durfee, Benj., Washington, D. C.
Du Rie, W. B., Rahway, N. J.

Eadie, James, Euclid Ave., Cleve-
land, O.

Edgar, William W., Waverly, Mass.

Edlefsen, William. 349 Third St.. Mil-
waukee, Wis.

Eger, Wm. Chas.. Schenectady, N. Y.

Eichholz, Henry, Waynesboro, Pa.

Eisele, J. D., Riverton, N. J.

Eisele, C. nth and Jefferson Sts..
Philadelphia, Pa.

Elder, A., Irvington, N. Y.

Elias, Wm., Shadow Brook Farm,
Lenox, Mass.

Elliott, W. H., Brighton, Mass.

Ellison, A. Y., 625 Olive St., St. Louis
Mo.

Ellsworth, W. J.. Jessamine. Fla.

Enders, Ed., Chicago, 111.

Ernest, Wm. H.. 28th and M. Sts..
N. E., Washington, D. C.

Ernst, Otto F., Norwich, Conn.

Erwin, A. T., Agricultural College,
Ames, la.

Evans, J. A., Richmond, Ind.

Falconer, Wm., Supt. of Parks. Pitts-
burg. Pa.

Fancourt, E. J., 1612-18 Ludlow St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Farenwald, Adolph, Roslyn P. O.,
Hillside, Pa.

Feeley, James. Lenox. Mass.

Fenger, E. W., i Broadway, New
York, N. Y.

Fetters, E. A.. Cleveland, O.

Fiehe. Anton, Tampa Bay Hotel,
Tampa, Fla.

Fillmore, F. J., Nebraska Ave., South
St. Louis, Mo.

Fitz Simmons, C. S., 302-310 Kala-
mazoo St., Lansing. Mich.

Fitzelle, Francis A.. 26 No. Broad-
way, Yonkers, N. Y.

Flammer, Henry G., 275 Woodward
Ave, Detroit, Mich.

Flemer, Wm.. Springfield, N. J.

Fletcher, Fred W., Auburndale, Mass.-

Flitton, N. F., Clifton Park., Bahi-
more. Md.

Florey, James, Medina, N. Y.

Flowerday, Robt., Detroit. Mich.

Foley, Phillip J., 471 W. 22d St., Chi-
cago, 111.

Folhvell, F. S., Pittsfield, Mass.

Forbes, Jas., Portland. Ore.

Forester, Jos., 51 Wabash Ave., Chi-
cago, 111.

Foss, Chas. E., 1782 Amherst St.,
Buffalo, N. Y.

Foster, L. H., 45 King St., Dorches-
ter, Mass.

Fotheringham. J. R.. Tarrytown.
N. Y.

Foxley, John, Bloomfield. Pitts-
burg, Pa.

PVeeman, J. R., 612 13th St., Wash-
ington, D. C.

Freytag, Mrs. J., Forest Home Ave.,
Milwaukee, Wis.

Fruck, Henry C, care Berry Bros.,
Detroit. Mich.

Fry, L. L., Leroy, 111.

Fulmer. J. T. D.. 910 Des ?iIoines St.,
Des Moines. la.

Gaedeke, Aug., Nashua, N. H.
Gardner, Richard, Newport, R. I.
Garland, Geo. M., Desplaines, 111.
Gass, Samuel, Allegheny. Pa.
Gasser, J. M., lOi Euclid Ave., Cleve-
land, O.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

181

Gauges, Philip, Botanic Garden,
Washington, D. C.

Gause, G. R., Richmond, Ind.

Geiger, Henry C., 335 No. Sixth St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Gentemann, C. F. W., Quincy, 111.

George, Robert, Painesville, O.

George, T. B., Cincinnati, O.

(icrhig, C. H., Archbald, Pa.

Gibbons, Alfred E., 136 Liberty St.,
New York, N. Y.

(iibbons, H. W., 136 Liberty St., New
York, N. Y.

Gibson, Wm. R., 1514 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Giles, Irvin K., Reading, Pa.

Giles, J. H., 220 S. 17th St., Read-
ing, Pa.

Gillett, E. G., 113 E. Third St., Cin-
cinnati, O.

Gindra, David, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Gipner, John. Niles, Mich.

Glauber, Emil, Montclair, Colo.

Goetz, John B., 2165 Mackinaw St.,
Saginaw, W. S., Mich.

Golsner, Geo., College Point, N. Y.

Good, J. M., Springfield, O.

Gorman, T. P., Macon, Mo.

GouUl J. H., Middleport, N. Y.

Graham. C. J., 2849 Euclid Ave.,
Cleveland, O.

Graham, Geo. L., Bradford, Pa.

Graham. Wm., 104 So. 13th St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Grant, Frank. Idle Hour Nurseries,
Macon, Ga.

Grant, G. L., 334 Dearborn St., Chi-
cago, 111.

Gray, Gordon, 199 Quincy St., Cleve-
land. O.

Grave. Vernon D., Richmond, Ind.

Gravett, W. A.. 805 E. Wheeling St.,
Lancaster, O.

Greene. R. W., Warwick, R. I.

Greene. W.. Des Moines, lu.

Greenlaw, Robt., 15 Upton St., Bos-
ton, Mass.

Grey, Thos. J., 32 So. Market St.,
Boston, Mass.

Griffin, Arthur, Ledge Road, New-
port, R. I.

Griffin, Jas. S., Jr., Philadelphia, Pa.

Griffing, W. D., Jacksonville, Fla.

Grofif. H. H., Simcoe, Ont., Canada.

Grupe, A. J., Schenectady, N. Y.

Grupe, J. W. H., Schenectady, N. Y.

Guenther, Chas. T., Hamburg, N. Y.

Guttman, A. J., 52 W. 29th St., New
York, N. Y.

Hadkinson, J. H., Omaha, Neb.

Haentze, E., Fond du Lac, Wis.

Hagemann, Wm., 55 Day St., New
York, N. Y.

Hagenburger. C, Mentor, O.

Hagenburger, P., Hart St., Mentor,
Ohio.

Hahman, F., Harrowgate Lane,
Frankford, Philadelphia, Pa.

Hahn, Gottlob, Embla Park, Balti-
more, Md.

Hall, W. E., Clyde, Ohio.

Halliday, Robert, 11 E. Baltimore St.,
Baltimore, Md.

Hammond, W. A., Richmond, Va.

Hampton, E. S., Spring Brook, N. Y.

Hampton, M. L., Orchard Park, N. Y.

Hansen, H. C, Ramsays, N. J.

Harbison. S. M., Danville. Ky.

Harkett, W. A., Dubuque. la.

Harper, W. W.. Chestnut Hill, Phila-
delphia, Pa.

Harris, Ernest, Delanson, N. Y.

Harris, F. L., Wellesley, Mass.

Harry, Winfield S., Conshohock-
en, Pa.

Hart, Albert A.. 1270 Detroit St..
Cleveland. O.

Hart, Benno L., 1270 Detroit St.,
Cleveland. O.

182

PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

Hart, H. A., 1262-1272 Detroit St.,

Cleveland, O.
Hasselbring, W., Flint, Mich.
Hatch, A. L., Rockledge, Fla.
Hatcher, John C, Amsterdam, N. Y.
Hauswirth, P. J., .223 Michigan Ave.>

Chicago, 111.
Heacock, Joseph, Wyncote, Pa.
Heinl, George A., 2,?>7 Summit St.,

Toledo, O.
Heinl, Joseph, Jacksonville, Fla.
Helfrich, A., Burlington, Wis.
Hellenthal, John R., Columbus, O.
Hellenthal, J. J., 32 E. Moler St., Co-
lumbus, O.
Henderson, Alex. T., 738 No. Third

St., Reading, Pa.
Henderson, Charles, 35-37 Cortlandt

St., New York, N. Y.
Henderson, Lewis, i6th and Farnum

Sts., Omaha, Neb.
Henshaw, Sam'l, Webster Ave., Bed-
ford Park, N. Y.
Hentz, Henry, Jr., Madison, N. J.
Herendeen, F. A., Geneva, N. Y.
Herr, Albert M., P. O. Box 338, Lan-
caster, Pa.
Herrmann, A., 404-412 E. 34th St.,

New York, N. Y.
Hess, Conrad, 329 Friendship Ave.,

Baltimore, Md.
Hess, J. J., 140 Farnum St.. Omaha,

Neb.
Heurlin, Julius, So. Braintree, IMass.
Hewson, C. J., 1673 Abbott Road,

Buffalo. N. Y.
Hews, A. H., North Cambridge, ]Mass.
Hill, E. Gurney, Richmond, Ind.
Hinkle. Fred, West View, Pa.
Hippard, E., Youngstown, O.
Hitz. John, 1601 35th St„ N. W.,

Washington, D. C.
Hoeft, John, Park Ridge, 111.
Hoffmeister, August, 813 Elm St.,

Cincinnati. O.
Hoitt, C. W., Nashua, N. H.

Holmes, M. E., 2>7 Lawrence St., New
York, N. Y

Holton, Fred, 457 Milwaukee St.,
Milwaukee, Wis.

Holznagel, F., Detroit, Mich.

Horan, S. D., Bridgeport, Conn.

Horsburgh, J. M., Elizabeth, N. J.

Hoskin, Geo. H., :iy No. loth St.,
Reading, Pa.

Hostetter, Abraham, Manheim, Pa.

Hostetter, E. P., Manheim, Pa.

Howard, J. W., Somerville, Mass.

Hulkan, Carl, Secretary, Academy,
New York.

Humphrey, C. B., Rome, N. Y.

Hunkel, H. V., 457 ]\Iilwaukee St.,
Milwaukee, Wis.

Hune, C. H., Memphis, Tenn.

Hunnick, R., Newport, R. I.

Hunt, Charles, Pt. Richmond, S. I.,
N. Y.

Hunt, Chas. A., 84 Randolph St., Chi-
cago, 111.

Hurlbut, H. E., Troy, N. Y.

Huss, J. F., 1 123 Asylum St., Hart-
ford, Conn.

Ingram, Wm. A., Manchester, N. H.
Ireland, R. D., 246 Boylston St., Bos-
ton, Mass.
Ives, J. H., Danbury, Conn.

Jackson, J. E., Gainesville, Ga.

Jacobsen, J. N., Southport. Conn.

Jansen, Ed., 124 West 19th St., New
York, N. Y.

Jenkins, Edwin, Lenox, Mass.

Jensen, John G., 1142 Broad St., Prov-
idence, R. I.

Johnson, George, 18 Earl St., Provi-
dence, R. I.

Johnson, Mrs. Fred H.. 45 Whitney
Ave., Olean, N. Y.

Johnson, O. G., Kingston, Ont.

Johnston. T. J., 171 Weybosset St.,
Providence, R. I.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

183

Johnston, W. J., Baltimore, Md.
Jones, S. Morris, West Grove. Pa.
Joosten, C. H., 178 Chambers St.,

New York, N. Y.
Joseph, Miss .Rosa, Pataskala, O.
Juengel, Chas. A., 1841 South 14th

St., St. Louis, Mo.
Jurgens, Carl, Newport, R. I.

Kahlert, C. W., 1514 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia, Pa. .

Katzenstein, Otto, Pinehurst, N. C.

Kay, Wm. H., 244 Fulton St., New
York, N. Y.

Kegg, Robt. J., 452 Gordon Ave.,
Cleveland, O.

Keitsch, Chas. H., 270 Southampton
St., Buffalo, N. Y.

Keller, J. M., 65th St. and Fifth
Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Kelly, J. C, 606 Case St., Cleveland,
Ohio.

Kelsey, Harlan P., 318 Tremont Bldg.,
Boston, Mass.

Kennedy, Isaac, Cleveland, O.

Keplinger, J. H., Govanstown, Balti-
more, Md.

Kift, Robert, 1721 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Killeen, Robt., Chatham, Ont.

King, F. J., 220 Madison St., Otta-
wa, 111.

King, George T., Hyde Park, Mass.

Kirchner, T. J., Quincy St., Cleve-
land, O.

Kirstein, Ernest, Asheville, N. C.

Klokner, A., 930 Grand Ave., Mil-
waukee, Wis.

Kletzly, J., Verona, Pa.

Knapp, W. H., Newtonville, Mass.

Knopf, Albert. Columbus, O.

Koenig, Otto G., 6471 Florissant Ave.,
St. Louis, Mo.

Kramer, F. R., Washington, D. C.

Kramer. Judson A., Cedar Rapids. la.

Kreitling, Walter, 10 E. Van Buren

St., Chicago, 111.
Kremmel, Louis, 54th St. and 19th

Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Kreshover, L. J.^ 112 W. 27th St.,

New York, N. Y.
Krick, W. C, 1287 Broadway, Brook-
lyn, N. Y.
Krombach, Charles, i8r 25th St.,

Brooklyn, N. Y.
Krueger, August, Meadville, Pa.
Krueger, C. F., Reading Terminal,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine St., St.

Louis, Mo.
Kuhl, Geo. A., Pekin, 111.
Kuhn, John, Fifth and Tabor Sts.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Kummer, Frank W., 420 King St.,

Charleston, S. C.
Kunz, Henry, Glenville, O.
Kunzman, C. H., 3710 High St.,

Louisville, Ky.

Labo, J., Joliet, 111.

Lager, John E., Summit, N. J.

Laisle, Christ, Keokuk, la.

Lamb, Jas. M., Fayetteville, N. C.

Lamborn, L. L., Alliance, O.

Lang, A., 51 Monroe St., Chicago,

111.
Lang, Theo. J., 39th St. and Sixth

Ave., New York, N. Y.
Lange, Albert H., Worcester, Mass.'
Lange, C. C, Worcester, Mass.
Lange, H. F. A., Worcester, Mass.
Langhans, T. P., 504 Liberty St.,

Pittsburg, Pa.
Lanser. A. H., Wayne, Pa.
Larson, P. L., Fort Dodge, la.
Laurie. Robt., Newport, R. I.
Leach. Wesley B., Astoria, L. I., N. Y.
Lee, Fred G., Cazenovia, N. Y.
Lehr, Henry M.. Brooklyn, Md.
Lehr, W. G., 72,^ W. Baltimore St.,

Baltimore, Md.

184

PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

Leming, A. W., 38 Wayland St., Rox-

biiry, Mass.
Lemke, Aug. E., Grand Rapids, Mich.
Le Moult, A., 172 Bowery, New York,

N. Y.
Lenker, Chas., Freeport, L. I., N. Y.
Lentz, F. W., 532 W. 43d St., New

York, N. Y.
Leslie, M. F., 173 43d St., Pittsburg,

Pa.
Lewis, Samuel, Waltham, Mass.
Lillienthal, H. H., 510 Schraeder St.,

San Francisco, Cal.
Lindsay, Wm. M., Birmingham, Ala.
Linton, Mrs. M. O., Salisbury, N. C.
Loder, Cornelius S., 271 Broadway,

New York, N. Y.
Loechner, Charles, 31 Barclay St.,

New York, N. Y.
Loew, Wm., 89 Pike St., Allegheny,

Pa.
Logan, Jas. J\L, Elberon, N. J.
Loeffler, E. C, 3800 Brightwood Ave.,

Washington, D. C.
Long, D. B., Buffalo, N. Y.
Lonsdale, Edwin, Chestnut Hill,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Lorenz, Geo., L. L City, N. Y.
Loveless, A. J., Box 45, Lenox, ]\Iass.
Ludwig, Edw., Augusta, Ga.
Ludwig, E. C, Allegheny, Pa.
Ludwig, Gustave, 208 Allegheny Mar-
ket, Allegheny, Pa.
Ludwig, J. W., Allegheny, Pa.
Luffman, Miss Amy K., Birmingham,

Ala.
Lundberg, Ernest, Lenox, Mass.
Lynn, J. A.. 512 No. Clark St., Chi-
cago, 111.

Macrae, Farquhar, 11 38 Smith St.,
Providence, R. L

Madscn, Wm., Govanstown, Md.

Maguire, M. B., Madison, N. J.

Manda, Joseph A., Jr., South Or-
ange, N. J.

Manda, W. A., South Orange, N. J.
Manker, Frank, Windsor Terrace,

Brooklyn, N. Y.
Mansfield, Thos., Lockport, N. Y.
Mann, Mary S., Florence, Mass.
Manning, J. Woodward, 1140 Tre-

mont Building, Boston, Mass.
Marc, C. J., Woodside, N. Y.
Mass, Geo. H., Woodstock, Vt.
Mathews, W. G., Dayton, O.
Maule, Wm. H., 171 1 Filbert St.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
May, Harry O., Summit, N. J.
Alaybury, Thos., 218 39th St., Pitts-
burg, Pa.
Maynard, C. H., Worcester, Mass.
McAdams, A., 316 E. 53d St., Chi-
cago, 111.
]\IcCaffery, H. S., Wyoming Ave.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
McCallum, Neil, Wilmerding, Pa.
McClure, Geo. W., Buffalo, N. Y.
McConnell, Alexander, 546 Fifth

Ave., New York, N. Y.
ATcCullough, Albert, 316 Walnut St.,

Cincinnati, O.
McCullough, J. Chas., Second and

Walnut Sts., Cincinnati, O.
McDonald, John, Farmer City, 111.
McGorum. Robert. Natick, Mass.
McKellar, C. W., 45-49 Wabash Ave.,

Chicago, 111.
McLean, Geo., 115 W. Federal St.,

Youngstown, O.
McMahon, Frank, Seabright, N. J.
McNab, James, Catonsville, Baltimore,

Md.
McSweeney, F. J., Pomona, N. C.
Meehan, Thos. B., Germantown, Pa.
Meinhardt, Fred H., 7041 Florissant

Ave., St. Louis, Mo.
Mellen, Geo. H., Springfield, O.
IMellis, D. Y., Flatbush, Brooklyn,

N. Y.
Merkcl, John, Mentor, O.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

185

Michell, H. F., 1018 Market St., Phil-
adelphia, Pa.
Michel, E. H., Magnolia and Tower

Grove Aves., St. Louis, Mo.
Miller, A. L., Sta. E., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Miller, F. C, Bracondale, Ont.
Miller, George L., 12 E. Park PI.,

Newark, O.
Miller, James L., 882 Western Ave.,

Lynn, Mass.
Miller, Theo., 4832 Delmar Building,

St. Louis, Mo.
Miller, Wm., Vailgate, N. Y.
Miller, Wm., 882 Western Ave., Lynn,

Mass.
Millingar, H., Merchantsville, N. J.
Millman, F. X., Green St. Station.

Cumberland, Md.
Mitchell, H. R., Waterville, Me.
Molloy, Wm. F., Wellesley, Mass.
Monfall, Thos., Glen Burnie, Md.
Montgomery, Alexander W., Jr., Na-

tick, Mass.
Montgomery, Robt., Natick, Mass.
Moon, S. C, Morrisville, Pa.
Moon, W. H.. Morrisville, Pa.
Moore, S. H.. 1054 Chapel St., New

Haven, Conn.
Morris, Bernard, Portsmouth, N. H.
Morris, W. L., Des Moines, la.
Morse, Wm. Henry, Santa Barbara,

Cal.
Moseley, E. A.. Sun Building, Wash-
ington. D. C.
Moss, C. A., Spartansburg, S. C.
Moss. George M.. 32 So. 17th St.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Moss, L H., Govanstown, Md.
Mott, Walter, Jamestown, N. Y.
Murdock, H. L., West Gardner, Mass.
Murphy, C. C, Station F., Cincinnati,

Ohio.
Murphy, Wm., Station F., Cincinnati,

Ohio.
Murray, Samuel, 1017 Broadway,
Kansas City, Mo.

Murray, Peter, Fairhaven, Mass.
Myers, Hiram, Wellington, Kan.

Nagel, E., Minneapolis, Minn.
Nash, S. C, Clifton, Passaic Co., N. J.
Nauman, G. M., Doan St., Cleveland,

Ohio.
Nanz, C. G., Owensboro, Ky.
Nelson, Alex., Allegheny Cemetery,

Pittsburg, Pa.
Newbury, E. C, Mitchell. S. D.
Newell, Arthur, 24 No. loth St., Kan-
sas City, Mo.
Newman, J. R., Winchester, Mass.
Newton, E. J., Norfolk, Va.
Nicholson, William, Framingham,

Mass.
Nielson, Hans J., Woodfords, Me.
Niessen, Leo.. 13th and Filbert Sts.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Nilsson, William, Woodlawn, New

York, N. Y.
Norton, M. H., 61 Massachusetts

Ave., Boston, Mass.
Nugent, J. B., Jr., 42 W. 28th St..

New York, N. Y.
Nugent. John J., 278V2 Ninth Street,

New York, N. Y.

Obermeyer. G., Parkersburg, W. Va.
O'Brien, M. L. Sharon, Pa.
Oelschig, A. C, Savannah, Ga.
O'Mara, D., 782 Grand St., Jersey

City, N. J.
O'Quinn, J. L.. Polk and Swain Sts.,

Raleigh, N. C.
Orpet, E. 0., So. Lancaster, Mass.
Ostertag, H. C, Washington St. and

Jeff. Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Pack, Mrs. G. W., Asheville, N. C.

Palinsky, W. L., 66 Palmer Ave.. Chi-
cago. 111.

Palmer. Fred E.. Brookline, Mass.

Palmer. W. J.. 304 Main St., Buffalo,
N. Y.

Papworth, H., New Orleans, La.

186

PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

Parker, Geo. A., Keney Park, Hart-
ford, Conn.

Parsons, Samuel B., Flushing, N. Y.

Pastor, Geo., Huntington, Ind.

Paterson, Robert, Frank Jones Es-
tate, Portsmouth, N. H.

Patten, AI. A., Tewsbury, Mass.

Patterson, G. H., 415 Calvary St.,
Baltimore, Md.

Patterson, Thos. H., 278 Old York
Road, Baltimore, Md.

Pattison, Thos. J., West Haven, Conn.

Pautke, Fred, Grosse Point, Mich.

Payne, W. Guy, Girardville, Pa.

Peck, Frank J., 1707 Broadway, To-
ledo, O.

Peck, S. N., Toledo, O.

Pennock, S. S., 1612-18 Ludlow St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic St.,
Cleveland, O.

Perkins, G. C, Newark, N. Y.

Perry, John J., Gay and Eager Sts.,
Baltimore, Md.

Perry, W. B., Cresco, la.

Peterson, J. A., McHenry Ave., West-
wood, Cincinnati, O.

Pettigrew, J. A., Franklin Park, Bos-
ton, Mass.

Phillips, J. v., 272 Fulton St., Brook-
lyn. N. Y.

Pierce, L. B., Tallmadge, O.

Pierson, F. R.. Tarrytown, N. Y.

Pierson, Lincoln, Westside Ave., Jer-
sey City, N. J.

Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough, N. Y.

Pieser, G. H., 42 Randolph St., Chi-
cago, 111.

Piorkovski. F. R.. White Plains, N. Y.

Plath, Hans, 510 Wyoming St., San
Francisco, Cal.

Plumb, Wm.. 51 W. 28th St., New
York, N. Y.

Poehlman, John, Chicago, 111.

Polites, Frank, 13th and Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia. Pa.

Pollworth, C. C, Box 775, Milwau-
kee, Wis.

Ponnet, C, P. O. Alexandria, Va.

Pouting, Fred, Box 53, Glenville, O.

Powell, I. L., Millbrook, N. Y.

Pratt. D. O., Anoka, Minn.

Price, Thad, Rose Hill Greenhouse,
Columbia, S. C.

Randolph, P. S., Pittsburg, Pa.

Rawson, G. P., Elmira, N. Y.

Raynor, John I., 49 W. 28th St., New
York, N. Y.

Rea, Charles H., Norwood, Mass.

Rea, Frederick J., Norwood, Mass.

Rehder, Wm., Wilmington, N. C.

Reasoner, E. N., Oneco, Fla.

Rebstock. S. J., 84 Main St., Buffalo,
N. Y.

Reeves, Wm., 1603 Third St., Wash-
ington, D. C.

Reid, Edw., 1526 Ranstead St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Reimels, John, Woodhaven, N. Y.

Reineman, E. C, 305 Lowry St., Alle-
gheny, Pa.

Rennie, W. S., 255 Vanderbilt Ave.,
.Brooklyn, N. Y.

Rennison, J. C, Sioux City, la.

Retzer, P. H., 2045 Clarendon Ave.,
Chicago, 111.

Retzer, Walter, 2045 Clarendon Ave.,
Chicago, 111.

Renter, Louis J., Westerly, R. I.

Renter, S. J., Westerly, R. I.

Reynolds, Geo., Grosse Point, De-
troit, Mich.

Rhodes, H. J., Honolulu, H. I.

Rhotert, Aug., 26 Barclay St., New
York, N. Y.

Rice. M., 918 Filbert St., Philadelphia,
Pa.

Richmond JNI., care Halliday Bros.,
Baltimore, Md.

Rieger, C, 16 Fourth Ave., Pittsburg,
Pa.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

187

Rieman, H. W., East and Main Sts.,

Indianapolis, Ind.
Riley, P., Flatbush Ave. and Clark-
son St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Ringier, Arnold, lo No. Clark St.,

Chicago, 111.
Risch, Carl, 9 Balcom St., Buffalo,

N. Y.
Ritter, Herman H., 435 W. North

Ave., Dayton, O.
Robertson, Wm., Jenkinstown, Pa.,

care J. W. Pepper.
Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville, Ky.
Robbin, Fred, 967 Fleetwood Ave.,

New York, N. Y.
Rockwell, W. C, Bradford, Pa.
Roehrs, Julius, Jr., Rutherford, N. J.
Roehrs, Theo., 494 E. 176th St., New

York, N. Y.
Rohrer, H. D., Lancaster, Pa.
Roland, Thos., Nahant, Mass.
Rolker, Winfried, 31 Barclay St.,

New York, N. Y.
Rolker, Jos. E., 31 Barclay St., New

York, N. Y.
Rosengren, J. A., Monongahela City,

Pa.
Rowden, George H., Wallingford,

Conn.
Rudd, W. N., Mt. Greenwood, 111.
Rudolph, Max, Cincinnati, O.
Rupp, D. C, Shiremanstown, Pa.
Rupp, J. F., Siiiremanstown, Pa.
Rupp, N. J., 297-307 Hawthorne Ave.,

Chicago, 111.
Rust, David, Hort. Hall, Philadfl-

phia. Pa.

Sackett, E. R., Fostoria, O.

Salzer, John A., La Crosse, Wis.

Samtman, Geo., Chestnut Hill, Phila-
delphia, Pa.

Samuelson, C. A., Chicago, 111.

Sanders, C. C, 5600 Delmar Ave., St.
Louis, Mo.

Sanders, Edgar, 1639 Belmont Ave.,
Chicago, 111.

Sandiford, Robert, Mansfield, O.

Santheson, Carl J., Braintree, Mass.

Saunders, H., Second and Pomeroy
Sts., Washington, D. C.

Saunders, W. A., Second and Pome-
roy Sts., Washington, D. C.

Sawyer, F. P., 187 High St., Clinton,
Mass.

Schaffer, Geo. C., 14th and I. Sts.,
Washington, D. C.

Schellinger, J. F., Riverside, R. I.

Schluraff, G. R., Erie, Pa.

Schlurafif, Vern L., Erie, Pa.

Schmeiske, H. C, Warehouse Pt.,
Conn.

Schmidt, C. W., Springfield, O.

Schmitt. A., Glenville, 6.

Schmitz, N. A., 401 Devon Ave., Chi-
cago, 111.

Schmutz, A. J., 23 Arnold Place, No.
Adams, Mass. ►

Schmutz, Louis, 99 Clarkson St.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Schnabel, A. M., Attica, N. Y.

Schoenfeld, Herman, 133 So. 17th
St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Schoenhut, Chas., 352 William St.,
Buffalo, N. Y.

Schray, Emil, 4101 Penn Ave., St.
Louis, Mo.

Schray, Wm., 4101 Penn. Ave., St.
Louis, Mo.

Schroeter, B., Detroit, Mich.

Schultheis, A., College Pt., N. Y.

Schulz, Chas., Menominee, Mich.

Schulz, Jacob, 606 Fourth Ave.,
Louisville, Ky.

Schwab, Henry, 730 Adair St., Zanes-
ville, O.

Schweiman, Henry C, Danvers, 111.

Schweinfurth, F. C, Bronxville, N. Y.

Scott, A. B., Sharon Hill, Pa.

Scott, C. W., 84 Randolph St., Chi-
cago, III.

188

PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

Scolt, David J., Balcom St., Buffalo,

N. Y.
Scott, W., 546 Balcom St., Buffalo,

N. Y.
Scott, W. B., Balcom St., Buffalo,

N. Y.,
Seidewitz, E. A., 36 W. Lexington St.,

Baltimore, Aid.
Sexton, S. B., 2 Wall St., New York,

N. Y.
Seybold, Chas. L., Patterson Park,

Baltimore, Md.
Shanley, James, 216 25th St., Brook-
lyn, N. Y.
Shannon, R., Jr., Greene and Franklin

Aves., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Shaw, Charles F., North Abington,

Mass.
Shaw, J. Austin, 2688 Broadway, New

York, N. Y.
Shellem, J. A., 17th and Tasker Sts.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Sheridan, W. F., 39 W. 28th St., New

York, N. Y. *
Shilling, Howard M.. Shillington,

Berkshire Co., Pa.
Sibson, J. F., Germantown, Pa.
Siebert, Charles T., Stanton Ave.,

Station B, Pittsburg, Pa.
Siebenheller, Wm. H., P. O. Box 36,

Pt. Richmond, N. Y.
Siebrecht. H. A., Jr., New Rochelle,

N. Y.
Sim, Charles, Rosemont, Pa.
Simpson, Robt, Clifton, N. J.
Skidelsky, S. S., 708 No. i6th St.,

Philadelphia, Pa.
Small, Dan E., Kokomo, Ind., Box

303-
Small, J. Henry, Jr., 14th and G.

Sts., Washington, D. C.
Smith, A. W.. Boggs Ave., Pittsburg,

Pa.
Smith, F. C, Ashland, Wis.
Smith, Geo. V., iioi E. Baltimore

St., Baltimore, Md.

Smith, Harry J., Hinsdale, Mass.

Smith, Henry, Grand Rapids, Mich.

Smith, Henry G., Grosse Pt. Farms,
Detroit, Mich.

Smith, H. P., Piqua, O.

Smith, H. Wilson, Mittineague, Mass.

Smith, Jos. F., 62 Main St., Norwich,
Conn.

Smyth, W. J., 270 31st St., Chicago,
111.

Stache, Herman C, 649 Second St.,
Alanchester, N. H.

Stark, C. D., Newport, R. I.

Starkey, Benj., 1514 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Steffens, Emil, 335 East 21st St.,
New York, N. Y.

Steinhoff, Herman C, West Hobo-
ken, N. J.

Steinmetz, H., Raleigh, N. C.

Stewart, R. A., 135 S. 13th St., Phil-
adelphia, Pa.

Stoehr, R. C, Fruit Tree Label Co.,
Dayton, O.

Stoekle, A., 4 Ten Eyck St.. Water-
town, N. Y.

Stollery, Fred.. Argyle Park, Chica-
go, 111.

Stork, Martin. Rose Hill Greenhouses,
Columbia, S. C.

Stratford, R. Chas., Pittsfield, Mass.

Strohlein, Geo. A., Riverton, N. J.

Strong. O. H., Oil City. Pa.

Stroup. T. B., 411 No. 6th St., New
Philadelphia. O.

Stuart, J. S., Anderson, Ind.

Studer. N., Anacostia, D. C.

Suder, Mrs. E., 323 Adams St., To-
ledo, O.

Sullivan, J. F.. 220 Woodward Ave.,
Detroit. Mich.

Sunderbruch. Albert, 437 Main St.,
Cincinnati, O.

Sutherland, Geo. A., 34 Hawley St.,
Boston, Mass.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

189

Swanson, A. S., 117 Endicott Arcade,

St. Paul, Minn.
Swenson, Gustav, Elmhurst, 111.
Swoboda, Geo. H., 5807 No. 24th

St., Omaha, Neb.
Sykes, Geo., 1133 Broadway, New

York, N. Y.
Sylvester, Otto, Oconomowoc, Wis.
Symonds, W. T., Decorah, la.

Taepke, Gus H., 450 Elmwood Ave.,
Detroit, Mich.

Taft, Prof. L. R., Agricultural Col-
lege, Mich.

Taplin, Stephen, 930 Fort St., De-
troit, Mich.

Taplin, W. H., Holmesburg, Pa.

Taylor, Jas., Mt. Clemens, Mich.

Taylor, J. H.. Bayside, N. Y.

Temple, J. T., Davenport, la.

Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park,
St. Louis, Mo.

Thaden, Herman, Atlanta, Ga.

Thielmann, J. ]\I.. 890 Broadway,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Thompson, E. S., So. Haven, Mich.

Thompson, Geo. H., Lenox, Mass.

Thompson, Hartley, Westmoreland,
N. Y.

Thompson, J. D., Joliet, 111.

Thorne. A. L., Flushing, N. Y.

Tong, H., Ashtabula, O.

Traendly, F.. 38 W. 28th St., New
York. N. Y.

Tranter, Joseph, Black Horse Hill,
Bloomfield, Pittsburg, Pa.

Troup, Geo., 1938 Main St., Buffalo,
N. Y.

Trudo, J. Burbidge, Alderbend. Clin-
ton Co., N. Y.

Turner, Lewis. Kenosha. Wis.

Turnley. C. Wm., Haddonfield, N. J.

Turtle, Thos., Highland Park, 111.

Ullrich, Lewis, Tiffin, O.
Valentine, J. A., Denver, Colo.
Van Lindley, J., Pomona, N. C.

Van Waveren, C. S., 5642 Appletree
St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Vaughan, J. C. 84-86 Randolph St.,
Chicago, 111.

Vesey, W. J., Fort Wayne, Ind.

Vincent, R. A., White Marsh, Md.

Vincent, R., Jr., White Marsh P. O.,
Baltimore Co., Md.

Virgin, U. J., 838 Canal St., New Or-
leans, La.

Wagner, A. G., Savannah, Ga.
Waldbart, Alexander, 3542 Lawton

Ave., St. Louis, Mo.
Waldbart, Geo., 516 No. Grand Ave.,

St. Louis, Mo.
Walker, John, Youngstown, O.
Wallace, Alexander, Rhinelander

Building, New York, N. Y.
Walsh, M. H., Woods Holl, Mass.
Warburton, C, 81 New Boston Road,

Fall River, Mass.
Warncke, J. H. H., Woodmere. Mich.
Warnke, Ludwig, 669 Woodland

Ave., Cleveland, O.
Warrant, F. W.. 14 Birch Crescent,

Rochester, N. Y.
Warren, Jas. R., Cairn-Warren, Har-

court, Victoria, Australia.
Washburn, C. L., 88 Wabash Ave.,

Chicago, 111.
Washburn, Geo. A., Bloomington, 111.
Watson, Geo. C, Juniper and Walnut

St.. Philadelphia, Pa.
Watson, Miss Callie, Memphis, Tenn.
Watson, Robt., 368 Townsend Ave.,

Detroit, Mich.
Weathered, C. B., 46 Marion St., New

York, N. Y.
Webber, Wm. S., Balcom St., Buffalo,

N. Y.
Weber, F. C. 4326 Olive St., St.

Louis, Mo.
Weber, Wm., Oakland, Md.
Weeber, C. G., 25 Willow Place,

Brooklyn, N. Y.

190

PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

Weiland, Geo., 602 Davis St., Evans-
ton, 111.

Weiman, Max, 64th St. and 12th Ave.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Wienhoeber, E., 417 Elm St., Chica-
go, 111.

Weinhoeber, G. W., 417 Elm St., Chi-
cago, 111.

Weir, Fred, Fifth Ave., Brooklyn,
N. Y.

Weir, John R., 324 Fulton St., Brook-
lyn, N. Y.

Welch, D., 15 Province St., Boston,
Mass.

Welch. Philip B., 274 Old York Road,
Baltimore, Md.

Welsing, A., 245 Waverly Ave.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Westcott, John, Ridge and Lehigh
Aves., Philadelphia, Pa.

Westcott, William H., Ridge and Le-
high Aves., Philadelphia, Pa.

Whelan, F. A., Mt. Vernon, Va.

Whilldin, J. G., 713 Wharton St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

Whitcomb, A. H., Lawrence, Kan.

White, John, Pittsfield, Mass.

Whiting, A., Farmington Ave., Hart-
ford, Conn.

Whitnall, C. B., 1184 Humboldt Ave.,
Milwaukee, Wis.

Wiegand, A., 7th and Illinois Sts.,
Indianapolis, Ind.

Wiegand, Geo. B., Indianapolis, Ind.

Wietor, N. J.. 51 Wabash Ave., Chi-
cago, 111.

Wilcox, J. F., Council Bluffs, la.

Willius, John, Danville, 111.

Wilson, Amanda, Montgomery, Ala.

Wilson, C. K., Greenfield, Mich.

Wilson, John, Burlington, Vt.

Wilson, Jas. S., Western Springs, 111.

Wilt, O. A., 2405 19th Ave., N., Min-
neapolis, Minn.

Wincott, Wm., Babylon, N. Y.

Windier, G. B., 4059 Delore Ave., St.
Louis, Mo.

Winterson, E. F., 45 Wabash Ave.,
Chicago, 111.

Wintzer, A., West Grove, Pa.

Wirth, Theo., Supt. Park Dept., Hart-
ford, Conn.

Withers, J. W., 136 Liberty St., New
York, N. Y.

Wittbold, Geo., 1708 No. Halsted St.,
Chicago, 111.

Wissels, Miss G. M., Aiken, S. C.

Woerner, Carl A., 442 Clarkson St.,
Flatbush, N. Y.

Wolf, John, Otto and Anderson Sts.,
Savannah, Ga.

Wolfenden, Thos. T., 264 No. Lans-
downe Ave., Lansdowne, Pa.

Wolff, J., Jr., Philadelphia, Pa.

Wollmers, A., 215 and 217 2Sth St.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Wookey, H. P., Stockbridge, Mass.

Worden, E., Jamestown, N. Y.

Wunder, John, Winona, Minn.

York, H. G., Westerly, R. I.

Young, Henry, Ada, O.

Young, John, 1406 Olive St., St.
Louis, Mo.

Young, John, 51 W. 28th St., New
York, N. Y.

Zeller, Alfred, Lefferts St., Brooklyn,
N. Y.

Zeller, Charles, Lefferts St., Brooklyn,
N. Y.

Zimmerman, C. D., 50 W. Chippewa
St., Buffalo, N. Y.

Zirngiebel, D., Needham, Mass.

Zvolanek, A. C, Grand View, Somer-
set Co., N. J.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 191

LIST OF MEMBERS BY STATES.

ALABAMA.

Caldwell, G. W., Evergreen. Luffman, Miss Amy K., Birmingham.

Lindsay, Wm. M., Birmingham. Wilson, Amanda, Montgomery.

CALIFORNIA.

H. H. LiLLiENTHAL, San Francisco, Vice-President.

Burland, F. G., Watsonville, Santa Morse, Wm. Henry, Santa Barbara.

Cruz Co. Plath, Hans, 510 Wyoming St., San

Clack, Sidney, Menlo Park. Francisco.

Lillienthal, H. H., 510 Schraeder St.,

San Francisco.

COLORADO.

J. A. Valentine, Denver, Vice-President.

Bischof, Herbert, So. Broadway, Den- Crump, Frank F., 509 E. Columbia
ver. St., Colorado Springs.

Clark, William, 318 E. Platte Ave., Glauber, Emil, Montclair.

Colorado Springs. Valentine, J. A., Denver.

CONNECTICUT.

Theodore Wirth, Hartford, Vice-President.

Bindloss T. Palmer, 227 Montauk Moore, S. H., 1054 Chapel St., New

Ave., New London. Haven.

Brainard, D. Wm., Thompsonville. Parker, Geo. A., Keney Park, Hart-
Champion, J. N., 1026 Chapel St., ford.

New Haven. Pattison, Thos. J., West Haven.

Coe, Ernest F., Elm City Nursery Rowden, George H., Wallingford.

Co., New Haven. Schmeiske, H. C, Warehouse Pt.

Dallas, A., 32 Union St., Waterbury. Smith, Jos. F., 62 Main St., Nor-
Emst, Otto F., Norwich. wich.

Horan, S. D., Bridgeport. Whiting, A., Farmington Ave., Hart-
Huss, J. F., 1 123 Asylum St., Hart- ford.

ford. Wirth, Theo., Supt. Park Dept.,
Ives, J. H., Danbury. Hartford.

Jacobsen, J. N., Southport.

DISTRICT or COIiUMBIA.

Peter Bisset, Washington, Vice-President.

Bisset, Peter, Twin Oaks, Washing- Clark, John Botanic Garden, Wash-
ton, ington.

Bauer, Otto, Washington. Durfee, Benj., Washington.

Blackistone, Z. D., 14th and H. Sts., Ernest, Wm. H.. 28th and M. Sts.,
N. W., Washington. N. E., Washington.

192

PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

DISTRICT or COLUMBIA— Continued.

Freeman, J. R., 612 13th St., Wash-
ington.

Gauges, Philip, Botanic Garden,
Washington.

Gude, A., 1224 F St., N. W., Wash-
ington.

Glide, Wm. F., 1224 F St., N. W.,
Washington.

Hitz, John, 1601 35th St., N. W.,
Washington.

Kramer, F. R., Washington.

Loeffler, E. C., 3800 Brightwood Ave.,
Washington.

Moseley, E. A., Sun Bldg., Wash-
ington.

Reeves, Wm., 1603 Third Ave., Wash-
ington.

Saunders, H., Second and Pomeroy
Sts., Washington.

Saunders, W. A., Second and Pom-
eroy Sts., Washington.

SchafFer, Geo. C, 14th and I Sts.,
Washington.

Schellhorn, Christian, Washington.

Small, J. Henry, Jr., 14th and G Sts.,
Washington.

Smith, W. R., Botanic Garden, Wash-
ington.

Studer, N., Anacostia.

FLORIDA.

E. N. Reasoner, Oneco, Vice-President.

Ellsworth, W. J., Jessamine. Hatch, A. L., Rockledge.

Fiehe, Anton, Tampa Bay Hotel, Heinl, Joseph, Jacksonville.

Tampa. Reasoner, E. N., Oneco.

Griffing, W. D., Jacksonville.

GEORGIA.

Berckmans, L. A., Augusta.

Critchell, C. E., Atlanta.

Grant, Frank, Idle Hour Nurseries,

Macon.
Jackson, J. E., Gainesville.
Ludwig, Edw., Augusta.

Oelschig, A. C, Savannah.
Thaden, Herman, Atlanta.
Wagner, A. G., Savannah.
Wolf, John, Otto and Anderson Sts.,
Savannah.

ILLINOIS.

Edgar Sanders, Chicago ; Geo.

Asmus, Geo., 897 Madison Ave.,

Chicago.
Bahr, Fritz, Highland Park, Chicago.
Baird, O. L., Dixon.
Bailer, F. A., Bloomington.
Balluff, Chas. M., 335 Wabash Ave.,

Chicago.
Barker, Michael, 324 Dearborn St.,

Chicago.
Bassett, O. P., Hinsdale.
Benthey, F. F., 31-35 Randolph St.,

Chicago.
Buckbee, H. W., Rockford.
Buettner, Emil, Park Ridge.
Coatsworth, L., 41 Randolph St.,

Chicago.
Deamud, J. B., 51 Wabash Ave.,

Chicago.
Enders, Ed., Chicago.

A. KuHL, Pekin, Vice-Presidents.

Foley, Phillip J., 471 W. 22d St.,

Chicago.
Forester, Jos., 51 Wabash Ave.,

Chicago.
Fry, L. L., Leroy.
Garland, Geo. M., Desplaines.
Gentemann, C. F. W., Quincy.
Grant, G. L., 334 Dearborn St.,

Chicago.
Hartshorne, Jas., Joliet.
Hausvvirth, P. J., 222, Michigan Ave.,

Chicago.
Hoeft, John, Park Ridge.
Hunt, Chas. A., 84 Randolph St.,

Chicago.
King, F. J., 220 Madison St., Ottawa.
Kreitling, Walter, 10 E. Van Buren

St., Chicago.
Kuhl, Geo. A., Pekin.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

193

IIiLINOIS—Coatinued.

Labo, J., Joliet.

Lang, A., 51 Monroe St., Chicago.

Lynn, J. A., 512 N. Clark St.,
Chicago.

AIcAdams, A., 316 E. 53d St., Chi-
cago.

McDonald, John, Farmer City.

McKellar, C. W., 45-49 Wabash Ave.,
Chicago.

Palinsky, W. L.. 66 Palmer Ave.,
Chicago.

Pieser, G. H., 42 Randolph St., Chi-
cago.

Poehlmann, John, Chicago.

Retzer, P. H., 2045 Clarendon Ave.,
Chicago.

Retzer, Walter, 2045 Clarendon Ave.,
Chicago.

Ringier, Arnold, 10 N. Clark St..
Chicago.

Rudd, W. N., Mt. Greenwood.

Rupp, N. J., 297-307 Hawthorne
Ave., Chicago.

Samuelson, C. A., Chicago.

Sanders, Edgar, 1639 Belmont Ave.,
Chicago.

Schmitz, N. A., 401 Devon Ave.,
Chicago.

Schweiman. Henrv C, Danvers.

Scott, C. W., 84. Randolph St., Chi-
cago.

Smyth, W. J., 270 31st St., Chicago.

Stollery, Fred., Argyle Park, Chi-
cago.

Swenson, Gustav, Elmhurst.

Thompson, J. D., Joliet.

Turtle, Thos., Highland Park.

Vaughan, J. C, 84-86 Randolph St.,
Chicago.

Washburn, C. L., 88 Wabash Ave.,
Chicago.

Washburn, Geo. A., Bloomington.

Weiland, Geo., 602 Davis St., Evans-
ton.

Weinhoeber, E., 417 Elm St., Chi-
cago.

Wienhoeber, G. W., 417 Elm St.,
Chicago.

Wietor, N. J., 51 Wabash Ave., Chi-
cago.

Willius, John, Danville.

Wilson, Jas. S., Western Springs.

Winterson, E. F., 45 Wabash Ave.,
Chicago.

Wittbold, Geo.. 1708 N. Halsted St.,
Chicago.

Zender, Adam, 3429 Ridge Ave., Chi-

INDIANA.

G. B. WiEGAXD, Indianapolis, Vice-President.

liertcrniann, John, Indianapolis.
Bertermann, Irvin C, Indianapolis.
Blackman, Wm.. Evansville.
Bullock, Mrs. E. M., Elkhart.
Carmody, J. D., Evansville.
Coles, W. W., Kokomo.
Dorner, Fred., Lafayette.
Evans, J. A., Richmond.
Gause, G. R., Richmond.
Grave, Vernon D., Richmond.

Hill, E. Gurney, Richmond.

Pastor, Geo., Huntington.

Rieman, H. W., East and Main Sts.

Indianapolis.
Small, Dan E., Box 303, Kokomo.
Stuart, J. S., Anderson.
Vesey, W. J., Fort Wayne.
Wiegand, A., 7th and Illinois Sts.

Indianapolis.
Wiegand, Geo. B., Indianapolis.

IOWA.

W. A. Harkett, Dubuque, Vice-President.

Erwin, A. T., Agricultural College,

Ames.
Fulmer, J. T. D., 910 Des Moines

St., Des Moines.
Greene, W.. Des Moines.
Harkett, W. A.. Dubuque.
Kramer. Judson A., Cedar Rapids.
Laisle. Christ, Keokuk,

Larson, P. L., Fort Dodge.
Morris, W. L., Des Moines.
Perry, W. B., Cresco.
Rennison, J. C, Sioux City.
Symonds, W. T., Decorah.
Temple, J. T., Davenport.
Wilcox, J. F., Council Bluffs.

194 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

KANSAS.

Coventry, M. J., Fort Scott. Whit comb, A. 11.. i^awrcnce.

Myers, Hiram, Wellington.

KENTUCKY.

A. R. Baumer, Louisville, I' ice-President.

Baumer, Aug. R., 606 Fourth Ave.. Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville.

Louisville. Schulz, Jacob, 606 Fourth Ave..
Harbison, S. M., Danville. Louisville.

Kunzman, C. H.. 3710 Hi^h St., Walker, H. J., 644 Fourth .\ve.,

Louisville. Louisville.

Nanz, C. G., Owensboro, Ky.

LOUISIANA.

Cook, M., 834 Canal St., New Or- Virgin, U. J., 838 Canal St., New

leans. Orleans.

Papwortn, H.. New Orleans.

MAINE.

H. J. NiELSON, Woodfords. Vice-President.

Dirwanger, Albert, Portland. Mitchell, H. R.. Waterville.

Dirwanger Joseph A.. 719 Congress Nielsen. Hans J.. Woodfords.
St., Portland.

MARYLAND

C. L. Seybold, Baltimore, Vice-President.

Bauer, Fred C. Govanstown. . McNab, James, Catonsville, Balli-

Bester, Henry A., 44 E. Baltimore more.

St., Hagerstown. Millman, F. X., Green St. Station,

Bester, William, 205 S. Potomac St., Cumberland.

Hagerstown. Monfall, Thos., Glen Burnie.

Burger, Fred G., 1128-30 Green- Moss, L H., Govanstown.

mount Ave., Baltimore. Patterson, G. H., 415 Calvary St.,

Christie, Wm., 904 Gorsuch Ave., Baltimore.

Baltimore. Patterson. Thos. H., 278 Old York

Cook, John, 318 North Charles St., Road, Baltimore.

Baltimore. Perry, John J., Gay and Eager Sts.,

Flitton, N. F., Clifton Park, Balti- Baltimore.

more. Richmond, M., care Halliday Bros.,

Hahn, Gottlob, Embla Park, Balti- Baltimore.

more. Seidewitz. E. A., 36 W. Lexington

Halliday. Robert, 11 E. Baltimore St., Baltimore.

St.. Baltimore. Seybold, Chas. L.. Patterson Park.

Hess, Conrad. 329 Friendship Ave.. Baltimore.

Baltimore. Smith, Geo. V.. iioi E. Baltimore

Johnston, W. J., Baltimore. St., Baltimore.

Keplinger, J. H., Govanstown. Balti- Vincent, R. A., White Marsh.

more. Vincent. R., Jr., White Marsh. P. O.,

Lehr, Henry M., Brooklyn. Baltimore Co.

Lehr. W. G., 733 W. Baltimore St., Weber. Wm.. Oakland.

Baltimore. Welch, Philip B.. 274 01.1 York

Madsen, Wm., Govanstown. Road. Baltimore.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

1 115

MASSACHUSETTS.

J. A. Pettigrew, Boston; H. P. Wookey, Stockbridge, Vice-Presidents.

Abbott. John, Hinsdale.

Anderson, Wm. F., Waltham.

Bellows, Chas. A., Adamsdale.

Brague, L. B., Hinsdale.

Breed, E. W., Clinton.

Brown, T. D., Adams.

Brunton, Frank, Stockbridge.

Butterworth, J. T., S. Framington.

Carlquist, S. W., Shadow Brook,
Lenox.

Carmichael, Donald, Welleslc}'.

Chase, Chas. S., Elm St., Dighton.

Clapp, E. B., 169 Boston St., South
Boston.

Collins, Thos., Hinsdale.

Conant. Henry T., Salem.

Cook, H. A., Shrewsbury.

Cotter, Lawrence, New Dorchester.

Daggert, W. A., 431 Medford St..
Charlestown.

Dean, Mark, 75 Pearl St., Boston.

Donald, Wm., Roslindale.

Donohue. P. ].. Lenox.

Drake, Foster L, 60 Appleton Ave..
Pittsfield.

Edgar, William W.. Wavcrly.

Elias, Wm., Shadow Brook Farm,
Lenox.

Elliott, W. H., Brighton.

Ewell, Warren, 38 Wayland St., Rox-
bury.

Farquhar, Jas. F. AL, 6 and 7 S. Mar-
ket St., Boston.

Farquhar, J. K. M. L.. 6 and 7 S.
Market St.. Boston.

Feeley, James, Lenox.

Fletcher, Fred. W., Auburndalc.

Follwell, F. S., Pittsfield.

Foster, L. H.. 45 King St.. Dorches-
ter.

Fuller, J., Leominster.

(ialvin, Thos F., 124 Trcmont St.,
Boston.

(ireenlaw, Rol)t.. 15 L'plon St., Bos-
ton.

Grey, Thos. J.. 32 S. Market St..
Boston.

Harris, F. L., Wellesley.

Heurlin, Julius, S. Braintree.

Hews. A. H., North Cambridge.

Houghton, F. H.. Hotel Berkeley.
Boston.

Howard, J. \Y.. Somerville.

Ireland, R. D.. 246 Boylston St., Bos-
ton.

Jenkins, Edwin, Lenox.

Kelsey, Harlan P., 318 Tremont Big.,
Boston.

King, George T., Hyde Park.

Knapp, W. H., Newtonville.

Lange, Albert H., Worcester.

Lange, C. C, Worcester.

Lange, H. F. A., Worcester.

Leming, A. W., 38 Wayland St.,
Roxbury.

Lewis, Samuel, Waltham.

Loveless, A. J., Box 45, Lenox.

Lundberg, Ernest, Lenox.

Mann, Mary S., Florence.

Manning, J. Woodward, 1146 Tre-
mont Building, Boston.

.Maynard, C. H., Worcester.

Mathison, Fred R., Waltham.

-McGorum, Robert, Natick.

Miller, James L., 882 Western Ave.,
Lynn.

Miller, Wm., 882 Western Ave.,
Lynn.

.Molloy, Wm. F., Wellesley.

.Montgomery, Alex., Natick.

Montgomery, Alex. W., Jr., Natick.

Montgomery, Robt., Wellesley.

Alurdock, H. L., West Gardner.

Murray, Peter, Fairhaven.

Newman, J. R., Winchester.

Xicholson, William. Framinghani.

Norton, M. H., 61 Massachusetts
Ave., Boston.

Orpett, E. O., S. Lancaster.

Palmer, Fred E., Brookline.

Patten, M. A., Tewksbury.

Pettigrew, J. A.. Franklin Park.
Boston.

Rea, Charles H., Norwood.

Rea, Frederick J., Norwood.

Roland, Thos.. Nahant.

Santheson, Carl J., Braintree.

Sawyer. F. P., 187 High St.. Clinton.

Schmutz, A. J., 23 Arnold Place.
North Adams.

Shaw, Charles F., North Abington.

Smith, Harry J., Hinsdale.

Smith, H. Wilson, Mittineague.

Stewart. Wm. J.. 79 Milk St.. Bos-
ton.

Stratford. R. Chas.. Pittsfield.

196

PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

MASSACHUSETTS— Continued.

Sutherland, Geo. A., 34 Hawley St.,

Boston.
Thieman, H., Manchester-by-the-

Sea.
ihompson, Geo. H., Lenox.
Walsh, M. H., Woods Holl.
Warburton. C., 81 New Boston Road,

Fall River.

Welch, D., 15 Province St., Boston.
Welch, E. J., 15 Province St., Bos-
ton.
Welch, P., 15 Province St., Boston.
White, John, Pittsfield.
Williams, Fred H., Waltham.
Wookey, H. P., Stockbridge.
Zirngiebel, D., Needham.

MICHIGAN.

Robert Flowerday, Detroit, Vice-President.

Balsley, Harry, Detroit.

Beard, F. H., 1248 W. Fort St.. De-
troit.

Bissenger, J. A., Lansing.

Breitmeyer, Philip, Detroit.

Briscoe, J. A., Detroit.

Carey, J. E., Mt. Clemens.

Crabb, G. F., Grand Rapids.

Derthick, C. B., Main St., Ionia.

Dilger, William, Detroit.

Dunn, John, 905 13th St., Detroit.

Fitz Simmons, C. S.. 302-310 Kala-
mazoo St., Lansing.

Flammer, Henry G., 275 Woodward
Ave., Detroit.

Flowerday, Robt., Detroit.

Fruck, Henry C. care Berry Bros.,
Detroit.

Gipner, John, Niles.

Goetz, John B., 2165 Mackinaw St.,
Saginaw, W. S.

Hasselbring. W., Flint.

Holznagel, F., Detroit.

Lemke. Aug., E. Grand Rapids.

Pautke, Fred.. Grosse Point.

Rackham, Geo. A., 880 Vandyke Ave..
Detroit.

Reynolds, Geo., Grosse Point, De-
troit.

Schroeter, B., Detroit.

Schulz, Chas., Menominee.

Smith, Elmer D., Adrian.

Smith, Henry, Grand Rapids.

Smith, Henry G., Grosse Point
Farms, Detroit.

Sullivan, J. F., 220 Woodward Ave..
Detroit.

Taepke, Gus. H., 450 Elmwood Ave..
Detroit.

Taft, Prof. L. R., Agricultural Col
lege.

Taplin, Stephen, 930 Fort St., De-
troit.

Taylor, Jas., Mt. Clemens.

Thompson, E. S., S. Haven.

Warncke, J. H. H., Woodmere.

Watson, Robt., 368 Townsend Ave.,
Detroit.

Wilson, C. K., Greenfield.

MINNESOTA.

E. F. Lemke, St. Paul, Vice-President.

Berry, Frank. Stillwater.

Busch, Fred., Lyndale Ave. and 50th

St. S., Minneapolis.
Degnan, John, care Northrup, King

& Co., Minneapolis.
Nagel. E.. Minneapolis.

Pratt, D. O., Anoka.

Swanson, A. S., 117 Endicott Arcade.

St. Paul.
Wilt, O. A., 2405 19th Ave., N., iNlin-

neapolis.
Wunder, John, Winona.

MISSOURI

C. A. JuENGEL, St. Louis, Vice-President.

Beneke, J. J., 1222 Olive St., St. Beyer, Carl, Grand and Evans Sts.,

Louis. St. Louis.

Beyer, Robt., 3619 S. Grand St.. St. Brown, R. S.. Box 99, Kansas City.

Louis. Connon, J. M., St. Louis.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

197

MISSOURI— Continued.

Ellison, A. Y., 625 Olive St., St. Sanders, C. C, 5600 Delmar Ave.,

Louis. St. Louis.

Fillmore, F. J., Nebraska Ave., So. Schray, Emil, 4101 Penn. Ave., St,

Louis.

St. Louis.
Gorman, T. P., Macon.
Juengel, Chas. A., 1841 South 14th

St.. St. Louis.
Kellogg, Geo. M., Pleasant Hill.
Koenig, Otto G., 6471 Florissant

Ave., St. Louis.
Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine St., St.

Louis.
Meinhardt, Fred. H., 7041 Florissant

Ave., St. Louis.
Michel, E. H., Magnolia and Tower

Grove Aves., St. Louis.
Miller, Theo., 4832 Delmar Bldg., St.

Louis.
Murray, Samuel, 1017 Broadway,

Kansas City.
Newell, Arthur, 24 N. loth St., Kan-
sas City.
Ostertag. H. C, Washington St. and

Jeff. Ave., St. Louis.

Schray, Wm., 4101 Penn. Ave., St.

Louis.
Taylor, F. W., World's Fair, St.

Louis, Mo.
Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park,

St. Louis.
Waldbart, Alexander, 3542 Lawson.

Ave., St. Louis.
Waldbart, Geo., 516 N. Grand Ave.,

St. Louis.
Weber, F. C, 4326 Olive St., St.

Louis.
Windier, G. B., 4059 Delore Ave.,

St. Louis.
Young, John, 1406 Olive St., St.

Louis.

NEBRASKA.

Lewis Henderson, Omaha, I'ice-President.

Hadkinson, J. H., Omaha. Hess, J. J., 140 Farnuni St., Omaha.

Henderson, Lewis, i6th and Farnuni Swoboda, Geo. H.. 5807 N. 24th St.,
Sts., Omaha. Omaha.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

B. Morris, Portsmouth, Vice-President.
Chase, Benj., Derry.

Gaedeke. Aug., Nashua.
Hoitt, C. W., Nashua.
Ingram, Wm. A., Manchester.
Morris, Bernard, Portsmouth.

Paterson, Robert, care Frank Jones

Estate, Portsmouth.
Stache, Herman C, 649 Second St.,

Manchester.

NEW JERSEY.

J. B. Davis, Orange, Vice-President.

Atkins, F. L.. Rutherford.
Asmus, Rudolph, New Durham.
Boehler, Oscar, W. Hoboken.
Brown, Otway, Cape May.
Coddington, L. B., Murray Hill.
Davis, Jos. B., Orange.
Dehmer, C, Newark.
Du Rie, W. B., Railway.
Eisele, J. D., Riverton.
Esler, John G., Saddle River.
Flemer, Wm., Springfield.
Hansen, H. C, Ramsays.

Hentz, Henry, Jr., Madison.
Herrington, A., Madison.
Horsburgh, J. M., Elizabeth.
Lager, John E., Summit.
Leuly. E., West Hoboken.
Logan, Jas. M., Elberon.
Maguire, M. B., Madison.
Manda, Joseph A., Jr., South Orange.
Manda, W. A., South Orange.
A-Iay, Harry O., Summit.
May, J. N.. Summit.
McMahon, Frank, Seabright.

198

PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

NEW JERSEY— Continued.

Millingar, H., Merchantsville.

Nash, S. C, Clifton, Passaic Co.

0']\lara, D., 782 Grand St., Jersey
City.

O'Mara. P., 782 Grand St., Jersey
City.

Pierson, Lincoln, Westside Ave.. Jer-
sey City.

Roehrs, Julius, Rutherford.
Roehrs, Julius, Jr., Rutherford.
Simpson, Robt., Clifton.
Steinhoff, Herman C, West Hoboken.
Strohlein, Geo. A., Riverton.
Turnley, C. William, Haddonfield.
Zvolanek, A. C. Grand View, Somer-
set Co.

NEW YORK.

A. H. Langjahr, Brooklyn; Thos.

Allen, R. W.. Hudson.
Allen. C. H., Floral Park.
Armitage, Chas.. 233 Mercer St..

New York.
Barry. William C, Rochester.
Bartholme, Gustav, iNlanlius St., Syra

cuse.
Beaulieu. Henri. Woodhaven.
Bennett, John. Blue Point. L. I.
Berger, Mrs. H. H.. 4/ Barclay St.,

New York.
Boddington, A. T.. 812 Greenwich

St.. New York.
Bosshart. Fred, Glendale Station.
Braik. Jas., 1263 Elmwood Ave.,

Buffalo.
Brown, E. C, Rochester.
Buckingham, Ed. T.. 236 Grand St..

Brooklyn.
Burgevin. David. Pearl St.. Kings-
ton.
Burnham. Wm. A., Irvington.
Burns. Alexander S.. Woodside.
Carpenter, A. D., Cohoes.
Clucas, R. W., 812 Greenwich St..

New York.
Cowee, Arthur, Berlin.
Cowee. W. J.. Berlin.
Cowell, J. F.. Botanic Garden, Buf-
falo.
Craw. Lyman B., 1133 Broadway;

New York.
Crowe. Peter, Utica.
Dailledouze, Eugene. Flatbush.
Dailledouze. Henry, Flatbush.
Dailledouze. Paul, Flatbush.
Dean, David A.. Freeport.
Dean. James. Freeport.
De La Mare. A. T.. Rhinelander

Bldg.. New York.
Demeusy. A., Flatbush. Brooklyn.
Devoy, Peter T.. Poughkeepsie.
Dickinson, George E.. i Broadway,
New York.

Mansfield, Lockport, Vice-Pres'ts.

Dingwall, John. Albany.
Ditzenberger. A.. 75th St. and Fifth

Ave.. Brooklyn.
Dole. Chas. L., Lockport.
Donaldson. John. Elmhurst.
Drawiel, Chas. F., 435 Fifth Ave.,

Brooklyn.
Dupuy. Louis. Whitestone.
Eger. Wm. Chas.. Schenectady.
Elder, A.. Irvington.
Fenger. E. W., i Broadway, New

York.
Fitzelle, Francis A., 26 N. Broadway,

Yonkers.
Florey, James, Medina.
Foss, Chas. E., 1782 Amherst St.,

Buffalo.
Fotheringham. J. R.. Tarrytown.
Gibbons. Alfred E., 136 Liberty St.,

New York.
Gibbons. H. W., 136 Liberty St., New

York.
Gindra, David, Poughkeepsie.
Golsner, Geo., College Point.
Gould. J. H., Middleport.
Grupe, A. J., Schenectady.
Grupe. J. W. H.. Schenectady.
Guenther. Chas. T., Hamburg.
Guttman. A. J.. 52 W. 29th St., New

York.
Hagemann, Wm., 55 Dey St.. New

York.
Hammond, BenJ.. Fishkill-on-Hud-

son.
Hampton, M. L., Orchard Park.
Hampton, E. S., Spring Brook.
Harris. Ernest, Delanson.
Hatcher, John C. Amsterdam.
Henderson. Charles. 35-37 Cortlandt

St.. New York.
Herendeen, F. A.. Geneva.
Henshaw. Saml.. Webster Ave.. Bed-
ford Park.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

199

NEW YOKK— Continued

Herrmann, A., 404-412 E. 34th St.,

New York.
Hewson, C. J., 1673 Abbott Road,

Bufifalo.
Holmes, M. E., t^-] Lawrence St.,

New York.
Hulkan, Carl, Secretary, Academy,

New York.
Humphrey, C. B., Rome.
Hunt, Charles, Port Richmond, S. I.
Hurlbut, H. E., Troy.
Jansen, Ed., 124 West 19th St., New-
York.
Johnson, Mrs. Fred. H., 45 Whit-
ney Ave., Olean.
Joosten, C. H., 178 Chambers St.,

New York.
Kasting. W. F., 481 Washington St.,

Buffalo.
Kay, Wm. H., 244 Fulton St., New

York.
Keitsch, Chas. H., 270 Southampton

St., Buffalo.
Keller, J. M.. 65th St. and Fifth Ave.,

Brooklyn.
Kremmel, Louis. 54th St. and 19th

Ave., Brooklyn.
Kreshover, L. J., 112 W. 27th St.,

New York.
Kretschmar, H. G., 237 Lincoln Road,

Brooklyn.
Kretschmar. J. F., 237 Lincoln Road,

Brooklyn.
Krick, W. C, 1287 Broadway, B'klyn.
Kromback, Charles. 181 25th St.,

Brooklyn.
Lang, Theo. J., 39th St. and Sixth

Ave., New York.
Langjahr, A. H., 19 Boerum PL,

Brooklyn.
Leach, Wesley B., Astoria, L. L
Lee, Fred G., Cazenovia.
Le Moult, A., 172 Bowery, New York.
Lenker, Chas., Freeport, L. L
Lentz, F. W., 532 W. 43d St., New

York.
Loder, Cornelius S., 271 Broadway,

New York.
Loechner, Charles, 31 Barclay St.,

New York City.
Long, D. B.. Buffalo.
Lorenz, Geo., Long Island Citv.
Manker, Frank, Windsor Terrace,

Brooklyn.
Mansfield, Thos., Lockport.

Marc, C. J., Woodside.
McClure, Geo. W., Buffalo.
McConnell, Alexander, 546 Fifth

Ave., New York.
Mellis, D. Y., Flatbush, Brooklyn.
Miller, Wm., Vailgate.
Miller, A. L., Station E, Brooklyn.
Mott, Walter, Jamestown.
Newbold, Frederick R., Poughkeepsie.
Nilsson, William, Woodlawn, New

York.
Nugent, J. B., Jr., 42 W. 28th St.,

New York City.
Nugent, John J., 278^/^ Ninth St.,

New York.
Palmer, W. J., 304 Main St., Buffalo.
Parsons, Samuel B., Flushing.
Perkins, G. C, Newark.
Phillips, J. v., 272 Fulton St., B'klyn.
Pierson, F. R., Tarrytown.
Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough.
Piorkovski, F. R.. White Plains.
Plumb, Wm., 51 W. 28th St., New

York.
Powell, L L.. Millbrook.
Rawson, G. P., Elmira.
Raynor, John L, 49 W. 28th St.,

New York.
Rebstock, S. J., 584 Main St., Buf-
falo.
Reimels, John, Woodhaven.
Rennie, W. S., 255 Vanderbilt Ave.,

Brooklyn.
Rhotert, Aug., 2() Barclay St., New

York.
Riley, P.. Flatbush Ave. and Clark-
son St., Brooklyn.
Risch, Carl, 9 Balcom St., Buffalo.
Robbin, Fred.. 967 Fleetwood Ave.

New York.
Roehrs, Theo., 494 E. 176th St., New

York.
Rolker, Winfried. 31 Barclay St.,

New York.
Rolker, Jos. E., 31 Barclay St., New

York.
Shaw, J. Austin 2688 Broadway, New

York City.
Schmutz, Louis, 99 Clarkson St.,

Brooklyn.
Schnabel, A. M.. Attica.
Schoenhut, Chas., 352 William St.,

Buffalo.
Schultheis. A., College Point.
Schweinfurth, F. C, Bronxville.
Scott. David J., Balcom St., Buffalo.

200

PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

NEW YORK— Continued.

Scott, W. B., Balcom St., Buffalo.

Scott, W.. 546 Balcom St., Buffalo.

Sexton, S. B., 2 Wall St., New York.

Shanley, James, 216 25th St., B'klyn.

Shannon, R., Jr., Green and Frank-
lin Aves., Brooklyn.

Sheridan, W. R, 39 W. 28th St.,
New York.

Siebenheller, Wm. H., P. O. Box 36,
Port Richmond.

Siebrecht. H. A., New Rochelle.

Siebrecht, H. A., Jr., New Rochelle.

Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria.

Steffens, Emil, 335 E. 21st St., New
York.

Stoekle, A., 4 Ten Eyck St., Water-
town.

Sykes, Geo., 1133 Broadway, New
York.

Taylor, J. H., Bayside.

Thielmann, J. M., 890 Broadway,
Brooklyn.

Thompson, Hartley, Westmoreland.

Thorne, A. L., Flushing.

Thorne, Samuel, 43 Cedar St., New
York.

Traendly, F., 38 W. 28th St., New
York.

Troup, Geo., IQ38 Main St.. Buffalo.

Trudo, J. Burbidge, Alderbend,
Clinton Co.

Wallace, Alexander, Rhinelander

Bldg., New York.
Ward, C. W., Queens.
Warrant, F. W., 14 Birch Crescent,

Rochester.
Weathered, C. B., 46 Marion St.,

New York.
Webber, Wm. S., Balcom St., Buf-
falo.
Weeber, C. G., 25 Willow Place,

Brooklyn.
Weiman, Alax, 64th St. and 12th

Ave., Brooklyn.
Weir, Fred., Fifth Ave., Brooklyn.
Weir, John R., 324 Fulton St., B'klyn.
Welsing, A., 245 Waverly Ave.,

Brooklyn.
Wincott, Wm., Babylon.
Withers, J. W., 136 Liberty St., New

York.
Woemer, Carl A., 442 Clarkson St.,

Flatbush.
Wollmers, A., 215 and 217 25th St.,

Brooklyn.
Worden, E., Jamestown.
Young, John, 51 W. 28th St., New

York.
Zeller, Alfred, Lefferts St., B'klyn.
Zeller, Charles, Lefferts St., B'klyn.
Zimmerman. C. D., 50 W. Chippewa

St.. Buffalo.

NORTH CAROLINA.

J.wiES 'M. Lamb, Fayetteville, Vice-President.

Arthur, G. S.

Banner, J. L., Montgomery.
Bottomley, Robert, Biltmore.
Bottomley, Robert, Jr., Biltmore.
Brown, E. E., Asheville.
Bush, E. J.. Charlotte.
Campiehe, G., Asheville.
Croom, J. F., iMagnolia.
Deake, J. W. C, Asheville.
Deake, Mrs. J. B., 324 Charlotte
Asheville.

St.,

Katzenstein, Otto, Pinehurst.
Kerstein, Ernest, Asheville.
Lamb, Jas. M., Fayetteville.
Linton, Mrs. M. O., Salisbury.
McSweeney, F. J., Pomona.
O'Quinn, J. L.. Polk & Swain Sts.,

Raleigh.
Pack, Mrs. G. W., Asheville.
Rehder, Wm., Wilmington.
Steinmetz, H., Raleigh.
Van Lindley, J., Pomona.

OHIO.

A. Si'NDERBRUCH, Cincinnati; Lewis Ullrich, Tiffin, I'icc-Prcsidoits
Altick, H. M., 1 123 N. :\Iain St.,

Dayton.
Bartels. F. C.

Woodcliff, Cleveland.

Beck, Chas., National Military Home,
Montgomery Co.

Berno, E. M., 181 Hedges St., Mans-
field.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

201

OHIO— Continued .

Brown, A. L., West Mentor.

Carlton, H. R., Willoughby.

Coe, A. M., N. Olmstead, Cuyahoga
Co.

Cox, G. F., Youngstown.

Cunningham, Jos. H., 325 W. Will-
iam St., Delaware.

Cushman, E. H., Sylvania.

Eadie, James, Euclid Ave., Cleve-
land.

Fetters, E. A., Cleveland.

Gasser, J. M., loi Euclid Ave., Cleve-
land.

George, Robert, Painesville.

George, T. B., Cincinnati.

Gillett, E. G., 113 E. Third St., Cin-
cinnati.

Good, J. M., Snringfield.

Graham, Adam, 2849 Euclid Ave.,
Cleveland.

Graham, C. J., 2849 Euclid Ave.,
Cleveland.

Gray, Gordon, 199 Quincy St., Cleve-
land.

Gravett, W. A., 805 E. Wheeling St.,
Lancaster.

Hagenburger. C, Mentor.

Hagenburger, P., Hart St., Mentor.

Hall, W. E., Clyde.

Hart, Albert A., 1270 Detroit St.,
Cleveland.

Hart, Benno L.. 1270 Detroit St.,
Cleveland.

Hart. H. A., 1262-1272 Detroit St.,
Cleveland.

Heinl, George A., s;i7 Summit St.,
Toledo.

Hellenthal, John R., Columbus.

Hellenthal. J. J., 32 E. Moler St.,
Columbus.

Hippard, E., Youngstown.

HofTmeister, August, 813 Elm St.,
Cincinnati.

Imlay, John D., Zanesville.

Joseph. Miss Rosa. Pataskala.

Kegg, Robt. J., 452 Gordon Ave.,
Cleveland.

Kelly, J. C, 606 Case St., Cleveland.

Kennedy, Isaac, Cleveland.

Kirchner, T. J., Quincy St., Cleve-
land.

Knopf, Albert, Columbus.

Kunz, Henry, Glenville.

Lamborn, L. L., Alliance.

Mathews, W. G., Dayton.

McCullough, Albert, 316 Walnut St.,
Cincinnati.

McCullough, J. Chas., Second and
Walnut Sts., Cincinnati.

McLean, Geo., 115 W. Federal St.,
Youngstown.

Mellen, Geo. H., Springfield.

Merkel, John, Mentor.

Miller. George L., 12 E. Park PI.,
Newark.

Murphy, C. C, Station E, Cincinnati.

Murphy, Wm., 130 E. Third St., Cin-
cinnati.

Nauman, G. M., Doan St., Cleve-
land.

Peck. Frank J., 1701 Broadway, To-
ledo.

Peck, S. N., Toledo.

Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic St.,
Cleveland.

Peterson, J. A., McHenry Ave, West-
wood, Cincinnati.

Pierce, L. B., Tallmadge.

Ponting, Fred., Box 53, Glenville.

Ritter, Herman H., 435 W. North
Ave., Dayton.

Rudolph, Max, Cincinnati.

Sackett, E. R.. Fostoria.

Sandiford, Robert, Mansfield.

Schmidt. C. W.. Springfield.

Schmitt. A.. Glenville.

Schwab. Henry, 730 Adair St., Zanes-
ville.

Smith. H. P., Piqua.

Stoehr. R. C, Fruit Tree Label Co.,
Dayton.

Stroup. T. B.. 411 N. Si.xth St.. New
Philadelphia.

Suder, Mrs. E., 323 Adams St., To-
ledo.

Sunderbruch, Albert. 437 Main St.,
Cincinnati.

Tong. H., Ashtabula.

Ullrich, Lewis, Tiffin.

Walker, John, Youngstown.

Warnke, Ludwig, 669 Woodland Ave.,
Cleveland.

Witterstaetter, Richard, Sedamsville.

Young, Henry, Ada.

OREGON.

Forbes, James, Portland.

202

PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

PENNSYLVANIA.

William Loew, Allegheny; George C.

Adelberger, Frank, Wayne.

Albrecht, John, Pencoyd.

Anderson, George, 5230 Woodland
Ave., Philadelphia.

Aschmann, Godfrey, 1012 Ontario
St., Philadelphia.

Avery, F. P., Tunkhannock.

Baker, Phcebe A., 42 N. Orange St.,
Media.

Baker, W. J., 1430 S. Penn. Sq.,
Philadelphia.

Ball, Chas. D., Holmesburg.

Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Phila-
delphia.

Barr, B. F., Lancaster.

Battles, H. H., 108 S. 12th St., Phila-
delphia.

Bauer, S. A., Erie.

Beam, David, Bala P. O., near Phila-
delphia.

Beatty, H. B., Oil City.

Beckert, Charles, 95 Ohio St., E.
Allegheny.

Beckert, Theo. F., Glenfield.

Bender, Geo. J., Lewisburg.

Brenneman, J. D., 321 Walnut St.,
Harrisburg.

Bucheler, H. C., Box 94, Leetsdale.

Burki, Fred, Bellevue P. O., Alle-
gheny Co.

Burpee, W. Atlee, Fifth and Willow
Sts., Philadelphia.

Burton, John, Chestnut Hill.

Butz, Frank P., New Castle.

Butz, Geo. C, State College, Centre
Co.

Campbell, Edw., Ardmore.

Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia.

Cascaden, Jas. B., Manayunk.

Connell, Benjamin, West Grove.

Connor, D. T., 588 Elmwood Ave.,
Philadelphia.

Cox, C. W., Second and Bristol Sts.,
Philadelphia.

Craig, Geo., 211 S. nth St., Phila-
delphia.

Craig, Robt., 49th and Market Sts.,
Philadelphia.

Craig, W. P., 49th and Market Sts.,
Philadelphia.

Dillon, J. L., Bloomsburg.

Downs, Alex., 3806 Reno St., West
Philadelphia.

Watson, Philadelphia, Vice-Pres'ts.

Dreer, William F., 714 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia.

Eichholz, Henry, Waynesboro.

Eisele, C., nth and Jefferson Sts.,
Philadelphia.

Falconer, Wm., Supt. of Parks, Pitts-
burg.

Fancourt, E. J., 1612-18 Ludlow St.,
Philadelphia.

Fancourt, Geo. E., Wilkesbarre.

Farenwald, Adolph, Roslyn P. O.,
Hillside.

Foxley, John, Bloomfield, Pittsburg.

Gass, Samuel, Allegheny.

Geiger, Henry C, 335 N. Sixth St.,
Philadelphia.

Gerbig, C. H., Archbald.

Gibson, Wm. R., 1514 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia.

Giles, Irvin K., Reading.

Giles, J. H.. 220 S. 17th St., Reading.

Graham, Geo. L., Bradford.

Graham, Wm., 104 S. 13th St., Phila-
delphia.

Griffin, Jas. S., Jr., Philadelphia.

Hahman, F., Harrowgate Lane,
Frankford, Philadelphia.

Harper, W. W., Chestnut Hill, Phila-
delphia.

Harris, J. J., 55th St. and Spring-
field Ave., Philadelphia.

Harris, W. K., 55th St. and Spring-
field Ave., Philadelphia.

Harris, W. K., Jr., 55th St. and
Springfield Ave., Philadelphia.

Harry, Winfield S., Conshohocken.

Heacock, Joseph, Wyncote.

Henderson, Alex. T., 738 N. Third
St. Reading.

Herr. Albert AL, P. O. Box 338, Lan-
caster.

Hinkle, Fred., West View.

Hoskin, Geo. H., 37 N. loth St.,
Reading.

Hostetter, Abraham, Manheim.

Hostetter, E. P., Manheim.

Jones, S. Morris, West Grove.

Kahlert, C. W., 1514 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia.

Kift, Robert. 1721 Chestnut St., Phila-
delphia.

Kletzly. J., Verona.

Krueger, Augustus, INIeadville.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

203

PENNSYLVANIA— Continued.

Reading Terminal,
and Tabor Sts.,
504 Liberty St.,

Krueger, C. F.,
Philadelphia.

Kuhn. John, Fifth
Philadelnhia.

Langhans, T. P.,
Pittsburg.

Lanser, A. H., Wayne.

LesHe, M. F., 173 43d St., Pittsburg.

Loew, Wm., 89 Pike St., Allegheny.

Lonsdale Edwin, Chestnut Hill.

Ludvvig, E. C, Allegheny.

Ludwig, Gustave, 208 Allegheny Mar-
ket, Allegheny.

Ludwig, J. W.. Allegheny.

Maule, Wm. H., 171 1 Filbert St.,
Philadelphia.

Maybury. Thos., 218 39th St., Pitts-
burg.

McCaffery. H. S., Wyoming Ave.,
Philadelphia.

McCallum, Neil, Wilmerding.

Meehan, Thos. B., Germantown.

Michell. H. F., 1018 Market St., Phila-
delphia.

Moon, S. C, Morrisville.

Moon, W. H., Morrisville.

Moss, George M., 2^ S. 17th St.,
Philadelphia.

Murdoch, A. M., 510 Smithfield St.,
Pittsburg.

Nelson, Alex., Allegheny Cemetery,
Pittsburg.

Niessen, Leo., 13th and Filbert Sts.,
Philadelphia.

O'Brien, M. L, Sharon.

Payne, W. Guy, Girardville.

Pennock, J. L., 1514 Chestnut
Philadelphia.

Pennock, S. S., 1612-18 Ludlow
Philadelphia.

Polites, Frank, 13th and Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia.

Randolph, P. S., Pittsburg.

Reid, Edw., 1526 Ranstead St., Phila-
delphia.

Reineman, E. C, 305 Lowry St., Alle-
gheny.

Rice. M., 918 Filbert St., Philadel-
phia.

St..
St.,

16 Fourth Ave., Pitts-
W. Pepper,

Rieger, C,
burg.

Robertson, Wm., care J
Jenkinstown.

Rockwell, W. C, Bradford.

Rohrer, H. D., Lancaster.

Rosengren, J. A., Monongahela City.

Rupp, D. C, Shiremanstown.

Rupp, J. F., Shiremanstown.

Rust. David, Hort. Hall, Station A,
Philadelphia.

Samtman, Geo., Wyndmoor.

Schluraff, G. R., Erie.

Schluraff, Vern L., Erie.

Schoenfeld. Herman, 133 S. 17th St.,
Philadelphia.

Scott. A. B., Sharon Hill, Phila-
delphia.

Schellem, J. A.. 17th and Tasker Sts.,
Philadelphia.

Shilling, Howard M., Shillington,
Berkshire Co.

Sibson, J. F., Germantown.

Siebert. Charles T., Stanton Ave.,
Station B, Pittsburg.

Sim, Charles, Rosemont.

Skidelsky, S. S., 708 N. i6th St.,
Philadelphia.

Smith, A. W., Boogs Ave., Pittsburg.

Starkey. Benj., 1514 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia.

Stewart. R. A., 135 E. 13th St., Phila-
delphia.

Strong, O. H., Oil City.

Taplin, W. H., Holmesburg.

Tranter, Joseph. Black Horse HilU
Bloomfield, Pittsburg.

Ven Waveren, C. S., 5642 Appletree
St., Philadelphia.

Watson, Geo. C, Juniper and Walnut
Sts., Philadelphia.

Westcott, John, Ridge and Lehigh
Aves.. Philadelphia.

Westcott, William H., Ridge and Le-
high Aves.. Philadelphia.

WhiUdin, J. G., 713 Wharton St.,
Philadelphia.

Wintzer, A., West Grove.

Wolfenden, Thos. T., 264 N. Lans-
downe Ave., Landsdowne.

Wolflf. J "

Barnett, Richard,

Byrnes, Peter S., Wickford.

Jr., Philadelphia.
RHODE ISLAND.

L. J. Reuter, Westerly, Vice-President.
Woonsocket. Canning, J. B., 234 Smith St., Provi-

dence.

304 PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTEENTH CONVENTION

RHODE ISLAND— Continued,

Gardner, Richard, Newport. Jurgens, Carl, Newport.

Greene, R. W., Warwick. Laurie, Robt., Newport.

Griffin, Arthur, Ledge Road, New- Macrae. Farquhar, 1138 Smith St.,

pof"*- Providence.

Hunnick, R^, Newport. Re,,te L^^js j Westerly.

Jensen, John G., 1142 Broad bt., r> ^ c t ixr ^ 1

Providence ^^"^^'^' ^- J- Westerly.

Johnson, George, 18 Earl St., Provi- Schelhnger, J. F., Riverside.

dence. Stark, C. D., Newport.

Johnston, T. J., 171 Weybosset St., York, H. G., Westerly.

Providence. '

SOUTH CAROLINA.

Kummer, Frank, 420 King St., Stork, Martin, Rose Hill Greenhouses,

Charleston. Columbia.

Moss, C. A., Spartanburg. Wissels, G. M., Aiken.

Price Thad., Rose Hill Greenhouses,

Columbia.

SOUTH DAKOTA.

Newbury, E. C, Mitchell.

TENNESSEE.
Hune, C. H., Memphis. Watson, Miss Callie, Memphis.

TEXAS.

Baldwin, B. J., Paris.

VERMONT.

Mass, Geo. H., Woodstock. Wilson, John, Burlington.

VIRGINIA.

F. A. Whelan, Mt. Vernon, Vice-President.

Blick, Lloyd G., 51 Granby St., Nor- Hammond, W. A., Richmond.

folk. Newton, E. J., Norfolk.

Brown, H., 5 Broad St., Richmond. Ponnet. C, P. O., Alexandria.

Brown, Harry B., Lynchburg. Whelan, F. A., Mt. Vernon.
Davis, W. S., Box 2, Purcellville.

WEST VIRGINIA.

Obermever, G., Parkersburg.

WISCONSIN.

C. C. PoLLWORTH, Milwaukee, Vice-President.

Edlefsen, William, 349 Third St., Holton, Fred., 457 Milwaukee St.,

Milwaukee. Milwaukee.

Freytag, Mrs. J., Forest Home Ave., Hunkel. H. V., 457 Milwaukee St.,

Milwaukee. Milwaukee.

Haentze, E., Fond du Lac. Klokner, A., 930 Grand Ave., Mil-
Helfrich, A., Burlington. waukee.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 205

WISCONSIN"— Continued.

Pollworth, C. C, Box 775, Milwau- Sylvester, Otto, Oconomowoc.

kee. Turner, Lewis, Kenosha.

Salzer, John A., La Crosse. Whitnall, C. B., 1184 Humboldt Ave.,

Smith, F. C, Ashland. Milwaukee.

AUSTRAIilA.

Warren. Jas. R., Cairn-Warren, Harcourt, Victoria.

CANADA.

H. H. Groff, Sincoe, Ont., Vice-President.

Dunlop, J. H., 645 Lansdowne Ave., Johnson, O. G., Kingston. Ont.

Toronto. Killeen, Robt., Chatham, Ont.

Groff, H. H., Sincoe, Ont. Miller, F. C, Bracondale, Ont.

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

Rhodes, H. J., Honolulu.

INDEX.

FIRST DAY— OPENING SESSION.

PAGB

Address of Welcome — Alfred S. Barnard 4

Appreciation of beauty ; Asheville's attractions S

Spirit of co-operation; national reconciliation 6

Response — Ex-President Patrick O'Mara 6

Why the Society elected to go South 7

What the Society stands for 8

President Burton's Address 8

Scope of the Society; it should reward meritorious work 9

Value of special committees ; peony committee suggested ; grow-
ing popularity of hardy plants; title of gardener lO

"Closer relations" ; missionary work li

Nomenclature; method of selecting convention cities; executive

committee's work 12

Life membership ; exhibitions 13

Exhibition Judges 14

Annual Report of Secretary Stewart 14

Growing permanency of membership; death record; member-
ship additions ; work at Buffalo meeting IS

Review of report for 1901 ; plants registered during year 16

Medals awarded during year ; labors of executive board 17

Unexpected changes in program 18

Annual Report of Treasurer Beatty 18

Summary of receipts and disbursements 20

Life membership fund 21

Reports of State Vice-Presidents 22

Report of Legislative Committee 23

Report of Committee on Fertilizes 23

Committee on President's Address 23

INDEX

207

PAGE

Communications 24

Committee on Coal Problem 25

Committee to Prepare Messages of Condolence 25

Announcement Regarding Evening Session 26

SECOND DAY— MORNING.

Report of Committee on Fertilizers 27

Elements necessary for plant growth; how they may be applied. . 28

Various formulae 29

Need of co-operation with Experiment Stations 30

Some practical queries 31

Experiments with lime 32

Danger in chemically treated manure 33

Resolutions of Sympathy 33

With President Burton ; with family of late Edmund M. Wood. . . 33

With Edgar Sanders 34

Reports on Trade Exhibition 34

Sundry Announcements 35

Report of Committee on President's Address 35

Mr. Graham's views regarding Peony Committee; Mr. Hill on

Closer Relations 36

Regarding convention entertainments ; Mr. Ward's views regard-
ing peony 37

What special societies can do 38

Obj ections to "committee plan" 39

General discussion 40

On referring convention invitations to the Executive Board 41

Needs of the Commercial Florist in the North. A paper by F. R.

Mathison 43

Value of imports ; inconveniences of prevailing system 43

What the South and West are doing 44

Some possibilities ; progress in North Carolina 45

Demands to be supplied 46

Advancement of American horticulture 47

Remarks on the Bulb Situation. Wm. R. Smith 47

Statistics of customs receipts; information from Census Office... 48
Magnitude of cut flower industry ; Mr. Scott's views ; some

phenomenal American-grown bulbs 49

208 INDEX.

PAGE

Selection of Convention City for 1903.

Invitations from Baltimore ; from Milwaukee 50

From Washington ; from Cincinnati an.d elsew^here SI

Remarks of Messrs. Pollworth, Gillett and Burger 52

Remarks of Messrs. Scott, Esler, Foley and Gude 53

Voting and selection of Milwaukee 54

Nomination of Officers 54

SECOND DAY— EVENING.

A Lecture — Scenes in Foreign Bulb and Plant Markets. J. K. M. L.

Farquhar 57

Conditions and products of Southern France 57

Noted French nurseries 58

Progress in our own country ; scenes in Russia 59

Seed farms of Germany; Holland's nurseries; methods of bulb

culture 60

Bermuda and her lilies ; China's product 61

Japan 62

THIRD DAY— MORNING.

Opening of Polls for Election of Officers 62

Possibilities of Bulb Culture in North Carolina. A paper by Prof.

W. F. Massey 62

Work at North Carolina Experiment Station; difficulties en-
countered 63

Experiments with lilies; question of fertilizing, etc 64

Success with narcissi ; cultural experiences 65

Roman hyacinths, gladioli, etc 66

Possibilities in Southern-grown bulb flowers ; field for the Ber-
muda lily 67

Gardenias ; Dutch hyacinths 68

Marketing Cut Flowers, i. At Wholesale. A paper by Edgar Sanders 68

Downward tendency in values 69

Old methods of supplying the market ; inception of wholesale

methods 70

The shipping trade ; some figures from Census Office 71

Wholesale florists' birth; each city's story 72

History of New York wholesalers 73

INDEX. 209

PAGE

New York markets ; Chicago wholesalers 74

The Boston story 75

Philadelphia ; Cincinnati 76

St. Louis ; Milwaukee ^^

Baltimore ; Detroit 78

Marketing Cut Flowers. 2. At Retail. A paper by Geo. W. Wein-

hoeber 78

The young man's opportunity; what retail buyers demand 79

Need of originality ; cultivating taste 80

The fakir question; integrity and courtesy always win 81

Keeping and delivery of cut flower stock; arrangement an art. ... 82

Regarding employees ; the value of advertising 83

Action on Proposed Amendments to By-Laws 84

Amendments proposed by C. W. Ward and E. G. Hill 85

Amendments proposed by W. J. Stewart and Edwin Lonsdale. . 87

Mr. Ward's views 89

Mr. Stewart's views 90

General Discussion — Messrs. Scott and Siebrecht 92

• Messrs. O'Mara and Hill 93

Messrs. Lamb and Ward 95

Mr. Beatty on centralization ; Mr. Dillon's views 97

Mr. Farquhar endorses concentration; Mr. Hill's doubts 98

Discharge of committee and reference to new one 99

Appointment of Peony Committee 100

Telelgram from Edgar Sanders; Officers elected; responses by vice-
president and secretary elect • • lOi

"Vote of Thanks to Robt. Bottomley 102

THIRD DAY— EVENING SESSION.

Proposed Appalachian Forest Preserve. An address by Dr. C. P.

Ambjer 103

History of the movement 103

Necessities of the situation ; arbored wealth of the Southern

Appalachian jNIountains 104

Details of the plan for reservation 105

Provisions of the bill 106

Legislation already passed 107

Resolutions approving Appalachian Preserve 108

210 INDEX.

PAGE

Crude Petroleum as a Fuel. A paper by John G. Esler io8

Comparative value of coal and oil; description of appliances for

oil burning 109

Fuel oil tests by U. S. Navy no

Telegram from President-elect Burton iii

FOURTH DAY— RECREATION.

Trolley Ride to Overlook Park and Carriage Drive to Baltimore. ... 112

Report of Com mittee on Final Resolutions 113

Addresses and Felicitations 113

Adjournment 114

Reports of State Vice-Presidents 115

California; Connecticut 115

Colorado 118

District of Columbia 120

Florida ; Iowa ; Indiana ; Kentucky 122

Maryland ; Massachusetts, east. 123

Michigan 124

Missouri ; Nebraska . . . 125

New Hampshire 126

New Jersey 127

New York, east 128

New York, west • • 131

North Carolina 132

Ohio, north 133

Pennsylvania, east ; Pennsylvania, west 134

Rhode Island ; West Virginia 135

Wisconsin ; Canada 136

Reports of Exhibition Committees 138

Class A, Plants 138

Class B, Cut Blooms ; Class C, Boilers and Heating Apparatus ;

Class D, Greenhouse Appliances and Flower Pots 139

Class E.. Florists' Supplies 140

Class F, Bulbs and Seeds 141

American Grown Forcing Bulbs for Testing. 141

Report of Trade Exhibition Receipts and Expenses 142

Department of Plant Registration i43

List of plants registered to date 143 to 151

Classified list 152

INDEX. 211

PAGE

Plant Introductions in America in 1902 153

Cannas . . • 153

Carnations ; Chrysanthemums 154

Geraniums ; Roses ; Miscellaneous 155

International Plant Breeding Conference. Report of P. O'Mara 156

Special Express Rates on Plants, Bulbs, Seeds, etc 162

Convention Bowling Contest. 163

Shooting Contest 165

Annual Report of Florists' Hail Association 167

American Carnation Society 171

Chrysanthemum Society of America 171

List of Life Members 174

List of Annual Members for 1902 176

Members by States iqi

1

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