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UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
LIBRARY

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19th

1903

PROCEEDINGS

Nineteenth Annual Convention

OF THE

Sotietij of ^mttimn MhmtQ

AND

HELD AT

MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN

August i8th, 19th, 20th and 21st

1903

Copyrighted, 1903, by Wm. J. Stewart, Secretary, Boston, Mass.

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PROCEEDINGS

Milwaukee, Wis., Tuesday, August 18, 1903.

Fully attended sessions, valuable papers and interesting discus-
sions upon practical topics and a trade exhibition of unprecedented
magnitude, combined with the social enjoyment features contributed
to make the Milwaukee convention one of more than ordinary profit
and interest.

The genuineness of the welcome of the local club was manifest
in the thoroughness of the arrangement of Convention preliminaries.
The splendid display in the Exhibition Hall was fully staged and the
place ready for the reception of the visiting brethren three hours
before the opening of the Convention. The interior of the Exposition
Building was resplendent with floral and other decorations.

The assembly room, in which the sessions v/ere held, was
thronged by the members of the Society and their ladies at the open-
ing session on Tuesday afternoon. On the platform were the officers
and directors of the Society, also the following ex-Presidents : Messrs.
Craig, Hii.l, May, Smith, Scott, O'Mara, Gude, Graham and

RUDD.

President C. C. Pollworth, of the MiKvaukee Florist Club, pre-
sided during the Convention preliminaries. Promptly at three o'clock
he saluted the visitors and said :

It seems but a short time ago, and yet a year has passed, since I met you
all at Asheville and advised you to come to Milwaukee. To look over this
grand assemblage and see such a large gathering of florists, after a seemingly
short lapse of time, is like an awakening after a pleasant dream and finding it a
reality. I hope you will all have a pleasant time during your short stay in our
city and that you will co-operate with us in making this Convention a grand
success. Our program is arranged so that pleasure may not interfere with

QSi>S<f

4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINETEENTH CONVENTION

business ; for it is business that goes on record, not pleasure, in making a Con-
vention a success. Therefore we hope that jou will all attend the business ses-
sions and bring about the best results in accordance with the objects of the
Society.

Exhibiting the symbol of order in his hands, Mr. Pollworth
added :

I present, on behalf of the local Club, this gavel to President Burton and
hope that he may wield it with pleasure and that it may be a pleasant memento
of his official position at this Convention. [Applause.]

THE ADDRESS OF WELCOME AND RESPONSE.

Hon. David S. Rose, Mayor of the city of Milwaukee, upon
being introduced by Chairman Pollworth and heartily applauded by
the audience, delivered the following address of welcome :

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : When I was told that the Society of
American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists was to hold its Annual Con-
vention in our city I assumed that the members might be seen upon our streets,
wearing a boutonniere of geraniums or a sunflower but I never dreamed for a
moment that we would be greeted by the splendid demonstration that has been
made here today. The magnificence of this Exhibition too is certainly a reve-
lation to me. We might as well say that sunshine is not necessary to human
life or human happiness as to say that flowers do not contribute to accomplish
both results. [Applause.]

Long years ago, when Milwaukee was but a straggling village, over-
shadowed by that great metropolis of the Middle West, Chicago, some thrifty
Germans came here from the old Fatherland and engaged in the brewing busi-
ness. The manufacture of beer assumed enormous proportions as the years
passed by until at last, in those sections of the country where the city was not
known, Milwaukee was recognized as the City of Beer. Ladies and gentlemen,
if you will take the time between your sessions to go out into the residence sec-
tions of Milwaukee you will agree with me that, instead of deserving the dis-
tinction I have mentioned, Milwaukee is entitled to be known as the City of
Flowers. [Applause.]

You are business men engaged in business pursuits. Most, if not all, of
you are strangers within our midst. I assume that you will be interested to
know something of whom and what we are and where our city stands among
the great competing cities of our nation. Milwaukee has a population of
325,000 inhabitants and one which is perhaps more cosmopolitan than that of
any other city in this nation, for there is represented in our citizenship the
children of every civilized nation of the earth. We are a .happy people, moved
by a common ambition, working together in perfect harmony and seeking to
accomplish the greatest good for the greatest number. We are a great manu-
facturing city. Our manufactured products last year exceeded in value

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. O

$230,000,000, and in our manufacturing institutions we give employment to
upwards ot 80,000 pairs of willing, honest, industrious hands. While claiming
distinction because of our manufacturing industry, we have a rapidly growing
commercialism. The value of our wholesale and jobbing trade, last year,
exceeded $340,000,000.

We not only keep pace with but undertake to lead in the competition of
cities. We point with pride to our splendid public institutions; to our City
Hall building erected only a few years since at an expense of $1,000,000 and
consequently one of the most commodious and delightful public office buildings
in the whole land; to our Public Library and Museums that stand as a monu-
ment to the enterprise and the civic pride of our people, built from open-handed
charity and constituting one of the great educational institutions of the Middle
West. There you may go in the afternoon or evening and find our youth
industriously prosecuting their studies in preparing to enter upon that citizen-
ship of which we are so justly proud. We point to our splendid public school
buildings and to our unapproachable public school system that forms a part of
the common school system of the Badger State and that has operated to place
that State in the very foremost ranks of States from an educational standpoint;
to our musical conservatories ; to our art galleries ; to our musical societies ; to
our many places of attraction and amusement ; and, last but not least, to our
beautiful parks.

Milwaukee was confronted by the same question that confronts every
large city at some period of its existence, viz., whether it would be better to
establish one or possibly two large parks or a large number of small parks.
Those who were clothed with the responsibility, in the exercise of what was
deemed to be most excellent judgment, decided upon the latter and better plan ;
and, as a result, we have a large number of small parks equably distributed
throughout our territory and affording to the poor of our city the luxury which
only the rich enjoy in too many of the large cities of the country. Our labor-
ing classes have parks at the thresholds of their homes.

We have no tenement house district in Milwaukee but, on the contrary,
our people own their own homes ; and if you will take the time to go out into
the outskirts you will see there the humble cottage of the laboring man, the
more pretentious residence of the skilled mechanic and artisan and, wherever
you find a patch of ground, you will see verdure and flowers. When at the
close of his day's work the blacksmith comes to his home from his forge, the
carpenter from his bench, the moulder from his foundry, the clerk from his
counter or the lawyer from his office, he is greeted at the threshold — aye, at the
gate — with a wealth of fragrant flowers. Take the esthetic attributes away
from man's nature and we would have no man left. [Applause.]

Perhaps you will be interested to know that Milwaukee has an excellent
police department, but I wish to inform you now that our policemen are in-
structed to preform the functions of members of the Red Cross societies when we
have visitors in town. [Merriment.] We are located but eighty-five miles from
the wickedest city on God's earth, and yet ours is the most orderly. Our per-

6 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

centage of crime is lower than that of any other large city in the United States.
Our policy of government is of a liberal character. We believe in the old demo-
cratic principle that that government is best which governs least, that the best
way to govern men is to permit them to govern themselves ; to place them upon
honor; to have them understand that, under our form of government, they may
exercise without restriction or restraint the inalienable rights that are secured
to them ; and hereby, instead of committing crime, they will exert themselves
to prevent others from committing crime. With us life and property are
always secure. Your ladies may go, at midday or midnight, through any
section of our city, without fear of interference. Perfect order prevails here.
We undertake to say (and we call upon you to bear witness to the fact) that
ours is the cleanest city in this nation.

I know that an elaborate program has been arranged for your reception ;
and if the Committee of Arrangements have been derelict in the performance of
their duty in that respect it Avill be only necessary for you to report the fact to
the Chief Executive of Milwaukee and they will be ostracized from Milwaukee
society.

They tell me you have brought your champion bowlers with you, your
champion marksmen and sportsmen. If that be true let me warn you now that
you don't know what you're " up against." Milwaukee has more high grade
bowling alleys and more champion bowlers to the square inch than any other
city in this whole land; and if any of you florists who profess to be experts in
this very manly sport desire to take issue with me upon that proposition you
may pick your bowling team and I'll pick one, and we'll put you to sleep the
first round. [Merriment.] I spoke of that product which has served to make
Milwaukee famous. You needn't be afraid of it. We feed it to our babies ;
and if you want to know the result just observe our handsome women and our
strong, sturdy men passing along the street.

Ladies and gentlemen, I assure you that it affords me pleasure to be per-
mitted to participate in the exercises of opening your Convention. I know
that when you give our people the opportunity they will gladly respond to your
invitation to visit this Convention hall and witness this splendid display. We
are glad indeed to be able to furnish you with what we believe to be excellent
accommodations for your Convention ; and I trust that, while the purposes for
which you are convened will be well served and that this Convention will result
in incalculable profit and advantage to your association, you may find oppor-
tunities to partake of the many pleasures that our city can afford to you so that
when you return to your homes you will carry with you only pleasant recollec-
tions and happy memories of the Convention that was' held in the Cream City,
[Applause.]

Ex-President Adam Graham, of Cleveland, Ohio, made the
response on behalf of the Society. He said :

On behalf of the members of the Society of American Florists I thank
you, Mr. Mayor, for the very generous welcome to your beautiful city which

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 7

vou have given us. Since the organization of tliis Society it has held meetings
in almost all of the prominent cities of the country, and everywhere we have
been received with a royal welcome. Milwaukee is no exception to the rule.
All of these meetings have been fruitful in special features of interest as well as
in lessons of value to all of us, and they are treasured in our memory with
profit and pleasure. Perhaps not the least of the advantages derived from these
annual gatherings is the opportunity of meeting old acquaintances and valued
friends. They likewise bring into prominence the business interests in which
we are engaged and the higher estimate of the value of our profession as a
refining and elevating influence on all classes of society.

Included among the places where we have held our annual meetings are
the cities located along the shores of the Great Lakes, — all of them beautiful, —
Toronto, Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, and that queen of the commercial cities,
your giant neighbor, and wicked city, Chicago. Now we have come to Mil-
waukee— last but by no means least — a city perhaps, for its size, better known
and better advertised than any city in the land. No matter where you go,
through every city in the country, in every street, you find " Milwaukee,"
emblazoned in gilt letters over the doors of many of the business houses. [Mer-
riment.] Just what the nature of that business is I really was unable to say
until His Honor disclosed the secret.

Mr. Graham then proceeded, in a facetious vein, to explain why a
Scotchman takes no interest in Milwaukee's most famous product,
and in conclusion said :

We say to Your Honor, and through you to the good people of Milwaukee,
that we are glad to be with you. We know that you are glad to see us, we know
that we are welcome ; we see it in your faces, we feel it in the kindly grasp of
your hands. We care little for any lavish display of hospitality, all that we
want to know is that we are sincerely welcome, and of this we are fully assured.
We thank you and, through you, the good people of Milwaukee, for your and
their welcome. [Applause.]

THE president's ADDRESS.

Mr. John Burton, of Philadelphia, President of the Society,
here assumed the duties of the Chair and was cordially greeted by
the Convention. After tendering his thanks to Mayor Rose for the
City's welcome, he expressed his acknowledgments to the Society for
his re-election to the Presidency last year, during his absence, under
exceptional circumstances. He said it was the first opportunity that
had been given him to express his thanks and he now tendered them
from the bottom of his heart.

President Burton here read his annual address. It was as fol-
lows :

8 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Ladies and Gentlemen : Most of you are aware, I suppose, that I am not
a believer in long addresses, and it will be my aim in the few remarks I have to
make to you at this, our nineteenth annual convention, to say what I have to
say in the fewest possible words.

From all sections of the country I hear good news of a prosperous business
during the past season. The black cloud which hung over many of us during
the fall and early winter, the strike in the hard coal regions of Pennsylvania,
was happily dispelled before it had spelt absolute ruin to our business. The
subsequent good prices and brisk demand largely compensated for losses sus-
tained in the majority of cases, but we regret the misfortune and extend our
fullest sympathy to those who suffered so severely, many of whom were almost
ruined by this calamity.

Another black cloud which threatened our business last season, in addition
to the calamity of the coal strike, was the arbitrary action of the express com-
panies in advaflcihg rates on the shipment of cut flowers, to an exorbitant and
almost prohibitory extent. The trade was greatly alarmed and a storm of
protest arose in all sections of the country. Florists' clubs, local committees,
and private individuals, all took an energetic hand in resisting the exactions,
and the national society gives full acknowledgment to all this assistance in
securing the victory which it happily gained after several months of energetic
effort. Special acknowledgment is also due to the valuable and faithful work
performed in this connection by the Society's special committee, Messrs. May,
O'Mara and Sheridan.

On the whole the past year has been one of progress and prosperity, and
there seems every reason to believe that the upward tendency will continue.
I am not going to preach to you about the inevitable reaction which they say
is bound to come sometime, but will content myself with a word of caution to
hold something in reserve. During a season of remarkable expansion the
excitement is apt to carry us further than is wise or expedient and in this, as in
all other things, it is best not to be as expansive as we can but to stop short before
we reach the extreme of our ability or endurance. This remark is inspired by
the way things are developing in the middle west. Glass is being erected so
fast and general business is expanding at such a rate in that section as almost
to make an Easterner's head swim.

I have travelled considerably over the western section in the past year,
and have to acknowledge that we in the East have but the faintest conception of
how things have been developing, especially in the production of cut flowers.
It is simply astonishing and we must extend our congratulations and endeavor
to sit as gracefully as we can on the back seat hereafter. I may remark how-
ever that the development in the culture of foliage and flowering plants does
not seem to have kept pace with that of cut flowers. Plants will probably be
the next department taken up by our enterprising friends in the West and will
tend to diversify and steady the business.

Looking back over the development of the past nineteen years, we must
all feel that that progress would have been much slower if there had been no

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 9

Society of American Florists with its annual conventions, its discussions of
timely topics, the swapping of ideas among the members, each member giving
and receiving inspiration for further progress, giving and receiving counsel of
untold value and laying the foundations of success, not only for themselves, but
for all those of their neighbors who in turn profited by their good example.
Those pioneers of progress who attended the conventions in days gone by, came
from all sections of the country and when they went home and put their new
ideas into effect, all their neighbors saw it and went and did likewise. And so
the good work went on all over the land, quietly and unostentatiously, but none
the less surely until we see the remarkable expansion of the present day. And
yet how few of those stay-at-homes ever give the Society the credit for the
priceless benefits they thus received from it.

Every member of the trade owes a debt of gratitude to the Society beyond
money and beyond price, and they owe it to their profession to do their share
for the general advancement. One's first duty is to look after his own interests
of course, but there are other duties besides that of one's family and one's
business ; one of which is the duty which each of us owes to his profession.
I do not attribute neglect of this higher duty altogether to mere selfishness. I
think a great deal of it comes from want of reflection. If all would reflect on
the great silent work the Society has been doing for the past nineteen years we
would never hear the question, " What has the Society done.^" and instead of
grudging the three dollars annual dues they would put their hands in their
pockets cheerfully to the last man, for that small sum, and also find the time to
attend conventions, and so pay the debt to the Society at least that much. We
have made great strides so far, but there are great questions in front of us yet
and we need the combined strength of the whole trade to tackle them.

While reflecting on my visits among my compeers in different parts of the
country, there is one point that has struck me very forcibly, namely : that the
place where packing sheds are clean and tidy and orderly, where the walks are
smooth and free from rubbish, Avhfre the beds are without weeds, where paint
and repairs are in evidence all round, there is the place where the prosperous
man holds out ; showing very clearly that the old-fashioned virtues of industry
and thrift are not dead Otters in this modern age of improvement and inven-
tion but are still the difficult and narrow paths that lead to success. I admire
hard work aided by brains, but I do not forget that hard work comes first, brains
after. Brains will never do anything in this world unless there be some push
behind them. An industrious and thrifty worker will beat down the born-tired
genius every time. In our business it is not the genius w^e want so much as
the fellow who will take hold with a will and do his share of the dailj' grubbing,
confident that in the long run that is the way to become competent and be able
to hold his end up in the race for life. Not that I object to genius ; about one
in five thousand perhaps will be a genius and we can look on and wonder when
he comes along; what' we have to consider now is that we want the other four
thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine to be competent and industrious hewers
of wood and drawers of water. If the whole five thousand are aided and

10 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH C0NVP:NTI0N

abetted by higher education into thinking themselves geniuses, life will be half
over for most of them before they realize their mistake. Let us start them out
right.

We hear something recently about the help forming a Union which may
be a good thing for the business and then again it may not. For myself I have
grave doubts about it if the same spirit of antagonism and selfishness animates
it as seems to be the case in other businesses. I have no objection to any good
workman bettering his position if he can, and I think merit should always be
promptly recognized, but I cannot see any good in boosting the incompetent
man at the expense of his fellows. If a workman's Union will devote itself to
improving the quality of our help it will be doing a good work and if the help
are bound to have a Union w^e ought to mimimize the evil of same by encourag-
ing them along that line Most of you have had experience of what a coal
strike means and you can realize the damage that a body of irresponsible bull-
headed men could do on a greenhouse establishment at a critical time. For
damage of that kind there seems to be no protection and Ave will have to pre-
pare ourselves as best we may against this threatened trouble. A factory or
mine can shut down without much direct loss but the florist has to keep going
or be ruined.

Among the few remarks which I had the honor of presenting to the Soci-
ety for its consideration last year, I included a suggestion for a plan to knit our
organization more close)}' together when special work was required on any par-
ticular flower. The method previously followed had been to form a separate
society, and I agreed with nearly every president before me in thinking that
way was not the best that could be devised, and suggested that a committee with
power to add to its numbers, should be appointed say on the Peony as a starter,
not that that was the only flower on which good work could be done best, but
because the interest in it was on the increase and its possibilities in the florists'
business seemed capable of being stimulated for the benefit of the members of
our Society. The suggestion having been adopted it devolved on me to appoint
the committee, and in that I found some diftTculty. I had to cover quite a large
field and occupy several months before I could find nine men to serve on that
cominittee. As finally made up the committee consisted of the following:
Patrick O'Mara, Carl Cropp, G. C. Watson, John Farquhar, Edwin Lonsdale, J.
T. Temple, Peter Bisset, S. M. Meehan and W. R. Smith.

That committee will no doubt make its report to you in due course. I
understand there has been a question raised as to the committee's power to add
to its number from the omission of that clause from the motion although the
said motion was intended to give effect to my suggestion, " i/iaf a committee
with power to add to its numbers be appointed." This may have hampered the com-
mittee but if the Society wishes to continue the work of the committee the
defect can easily be remedied at this meeting. A year wnll not make a great
deal of difference to a committee whose work will be continuous and permanent.
The diflSculty of securing a committee on the Peony arose from two reasons,
first because few of the S. A. F. members had gone into peonies as a specialty,

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 11

second because several of the more prominent peony specialists had already
pledged themselves to another organization. While disclaiming all thought of
rivalry we recognize that there is work of a special nature from the florists'
standpoint, which our organization can do for us better than the other which
seems to be under the wing of the nursei^yman's society.

I would also suggest for consideration at this meeting, the wisdom of
appointing similar committees for the Iris and the Phlox. Both of these fami-
lies have a future before them and we want all the information we can get that
will help the florist in extending his business along these lines.

In regard to nomenclature, I would again suggest the advisability of reviv-
ing that committee. This matter was recommended by the Executive Com-
mittee at its meeting in Milwaukee. The good work accomplished in the past
leads to the belief that such a committee has a permanent function in our Society,
both preventive and remedial, and I would strongly recommend to the individ-
ual members to call the attention of this committee (if appointed) to all instances
of duplication or renaming that come to their knowledge. It is very little encour-
agement to a committee of this kind to be told they have not corrected an abuse
when the individuals who suffered never took the trouble to call their attention
to the matter.

The Executive Committee had several important matters before it at the
annual meeting in Milwaukee, which will come before you in the regular order.
Of special importance I consider the arrangement instituted for the meeting of
State Vice-presidents for the purpose of getting in closer touch with each other,
and with the Society. The wishes of each state as to the next incumbent can be
more readily ascertained by this jneans also, and I look for good results in
various ways from this innovation, and trust each Vice-president will be on
hand.

Another important subject discussed was how to have the business sessions
better attended. This resulted in the appointment of a sergeant-at-arms, who,
with his assistants, is required to see that all members who can do so be induced
to attend the meetings and postpone the discussion of personal or business
matters to a more opportune time. This is no new problem, being as old as
civilization. We read of the scheme which the ancient Greeks adopted, a rope
covered with wet paint stretched from side to side of the street in the hands of
two stalwart officers, to compel the crowd to attend the public meeting, and even
in more modern times among our colonial fathers the pains and penalties for
lounging instead of going to church were severe ; but while we are not going to
be so drastic perhaps in our case, we still mean in all seriousness to make an
earnest effort to do justice to the able gentlemen who have come so far and who
have prepared themselves at great pains to address us. The Executive Com-
mittee wishes it clearly understood that the rule as to having the Exhibition
Hall cleared during sessions is to be strictly enforced ; that it is no mere whim
of the sergeant-at-arms, but an ironclad rule that must be obeyed by all, by
exhibitors as well as visitors.

12 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

In conclusion, I take this opportunity of extending sympatliy, as pfficial
head of our Society, to the families and friends of those of our members who
have been called from amongst us during the past year. We feel the loss of
their able assistance and wise counsels in the work we are now doing ; what they
have done is graven on our memories and in the i-ecords of the Society, and we
will ever hold them in affectionate remembrance.

President Burton's address was enthusiastically applauded.

Announcement was made by Chairman Pollworth, of the local
club, that Mayor Rose, on account of pressing business engagements,
was obliged to take his departure at this time but would be glad to
receive any of the delegates individually at the City Hall, if they chose
to call upon him.

As Mayor Rose retired the Convention rose en tnasse and gave
three heartv cheers in his honor.

REPORT OF the SECRETARY.

Secretary William J. Stewart, of Boston, being called upon,
presented and read his annual report. It was as follows :

Mr. President and Members:

Again we assemble as a Society to gum up the doings and experiences
of another year, to draw conclusions therefrom and determine lines of future
activity: as individuals, to meet congenial friends and renew old friendships, to
gain knowledge and enlarge our minds by contact and intercourse with the fore-
most representatives of our profession.

It becomes my duty to make report to you of our transactions and our
progress as an organization since the hour of our adjournment one year ago,
when we said good-bye to beautiful Biltmore, and voiced in vociferous chorus
our gratitude to the good and faithful friends we had found in Dixie land.

The story of our Asheville Convention is told in a book of two hundred
and ten pages — the largest annual volume ever issued by the Society. Its con-
tents established the fact that our meeting in the South compared favorably in
all respects with its predecessors, that the accompanying exhibition, although
of moderate size, was comprehensive and creditable, and that the customary
pastimes and entertainments were fully enjoyed.

The list of the year's plant introductions in 'America as recorded in the
annual report comprised 19 cannas, 17 carnations, 47 chrysanthemums, 10
roses, 4 -geraniums and 18 miscellaneous plants — doubtless a very incomplete
list but the best possible with the data at hand. Unquestionably, full and
authentic statistics on this line would prove of great service for future
reference.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 13

During the past year our florists have been confronted with an unusual
measure of harassing conditions demanding alert vigilance on the part of the
national Society. The extortionate prices exacted for greenhouse glass, the
notorious coal famine and the advance in express tariff on flowers may be cited
in particular as inflicting direct injury upon the florists' industry. On two. of
these matters special committee reports are due, hence a brief reference to them
will suffice here. Numerous letters from the secretary's oflice to influential flor-
ists, seeking to stir up a movement in favor of Congressional action on the
glass question, met with a depressingly scant response. A remarkable evidence
of indifference on the part of the florist trade outside of the Society's member-
ship, which I feel should go on permanent record as a modern repetition of an
oft-told story, was furnished after our successful encounter with the express
companies. Immediately upon the rescinding of the high rates, letters were
written bv your Secretary to the numerous florists throughout the country who
had been appealing to the S. A. F., through trade papers, petitions, protests
and letters for relief, announcing to them the happy outcome of our agitation,
reminding them that this could not have been accomplished without organized
effort and asking that they become members and supporters of the organization
in recognition of its substantial services to them. Just one response was the
net result.

The Executive Committee met in Milwaukee on March 17th and 18th,
seven members being in attendance, and their reception by the Chicago and
Milwaukee brethren was generous and cordial. The various departments of the
Society's aftairs were scrutinized, suggestions as to our future welfare fully dis-
cussed and progressive measures adopted with a view to bringing every feature
of this Milwaukee meeting up to the highest standard. An innovation which
will doubtless find occasion to speak for itself and demonstrate its utility during
the next three days is the appointment of a sergeant-at-arms with two sturdy
assistants whose functions are to see to the enforcement of the rules appertain-
ing to the exhibition and maintain order in and about the hall and ante-rooms
while the Society's deliberations are in progress.

The list of plants registered in the Secretary's ofiice has been added to
during the year as follows :

August 25, 1902 — Carnations Wingold and Biltmoi'e, by J. B. Trudo.

September 20, 1902 — -Geraniums Double Dryden, James S. Wilson, Little
Red Riding Hood, Governor Stone, Cleopatra and Goliath, by Henry
Eichholz.

September 22, 1902 — Rose Beauty of Rosemawr, by the Conard & Jones
Co.

October 20, 1902— Rose Ideal, by Jacob Becker.

October 27, 1902 — Carnation Mrs. Phoebe Hearst, by Leonard J. Stanko-
wicz.

November 10, 1902 — Carnation Governor Lowndes, by H. Weber & Son.

November 10, 1902 — Rose Canadian Queen, by the H. Dale Estate.

14 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

November 17, 1902 — Caniias Hiawatha, Chautauqua, Gladiator and Louise,
bj the Conard & Jones Co.

November 19, 1902— Roses Prof. C. S. Sargent, Wm. F. Dreer, Wm. K.
Harris, Robert Craig, Edwin Lonsdale and John Burton, by Hoopes Bro. &
Thomas.

January 31, 1903 — Adiantum cuneatum Croweanum, by Peter Crowe.

March 26, 1903 — Herbaceou^s pseonies Rosalind, Medusa, Crown on Crown,
Originality, Harlequin, Daybreak, Cascade, Delight, Felicity, Cathedral, Sun-
rise, Dragon's Head, Flamboyant, Bonfire, Ebony, Crystal Qiieen, Fantasy,
Marble Faun, Apple Blossom, Mayflower, Cashmere, Cherub, Bacchus, Diana,
Gypsy, Fascination and Fireball. Tree pteonies Achievement, Wistaria, Icicles,
Red Cape, Morning Glory, Panorama, Pink Silver, Red Riding Hood, Frugal-
ity, Red Cloud, Blushing Bride, Coral, Snowstorm, Jacqueminot, White
Dragon, Eternity, Meteor, Purple Crown, Rose Qiieen, Dawn, Pink Perfection,
Mars, Celestial, Purple Cloud, Serenade, Croesus and Abbess, bj' Suzuki &
lida.

April 20, 1903— Rose Climbing Pillar of Gold, by the Good & Reese Co.

July 14, 1903 — Canna Lord Charles Beresford, hy Henry Morris.

August 1, 1903 — Roses Leo XIII. and Northern Light, by Conard &
Jones Co.

August 5, 1903 — Geranium The Mascotte, by E. Worden.

August 8, 1903— Manda's Golden Privet, by W. A. Manda.

Medals have been awarded since last report as follows :

November 8, 1902, through the Cincinnati Florists' Society, a silver medal
to George & Allan for Adiantum cuneatum Georgeii.

December 3, 1902, through the New Haven County Horticultural Society,
a silver medal to David Kydd for Begonia Kyddii.

December 4, 1902, through the Horticultural Society of Chicago, a sih-er
medal to Fred Dorner & Sons Co., for Carnation Fiancee and a bronze medal
to Nathan Smith & Son, for Chrysanthemum F J. Taggard.

December 14, 1902, through the New York Florists' Club, a silver medal
to F. R. Pierson Co., for Nephrolepis exaltata Piersonii and a bronze medal to
the H. Dale Estate, for Rose Canadian Qiieen.

December 29, 1902, through the Chrysanthemum Society of America, to
E. G. Hill Co., a silver medal for Chrysanthemum R. E. Richardson and a
bronze medal to Nathan Smith & Soft, for Chrysanthemum H. W. Buckbee.

March 3, 1903, tnrough the American Carnation Society, a silver medal to
L. E. Marquisee, for Carnation Flamingo and a bronze medal to Peter Fisher,
for Carnation Mrs. M. A. Patten.

Our total membership as per the printed list for 1902 was 58 life and 820
annual, 53 less than for 1901. Nine annual members have since taken out life
memberships. Seven have been taken from us by death since our last meeting.
Deaths are recorded as follows :

W. A. Bock, Cambridge, Mass., August 19, 1902.

J. J. Harris, Philadelphia, Pa., November 25, 1902.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 15

F. L. Harris, Welleslev, Mass., January 11, 1903.
A. Wollmers, Brooklyn, N. Y., February 25, 1903.
J. W. Withers, New York City, April 13, 1908.
Charles Zeller, Brooklyn, N. Y., June 28, 1903.
A. H. Hews, Cambridge, Mass., July 8, 1903.

The number of new and reinstated members added during the year 1902
was 107, of whom three are life members. In these additions the various States
were represented as follow? :

Connecticut, Kentucky, Minnesota, New Jersey, Wisconsin, Louisiana,
Texas, and Ontario, one each. Michigan, Rhode Island, Tenrressee and Indiana,
two each. District of Columbia, Florida, Maryland, and Massachusetts, three
each. Alabama, California, Maine, New York, and Virginia, four each. South
Carolina, five. Georgia, seven. Ohio andlllinois, eight each. Pennsylvania,
fifteen. North Carolina, sixteen.

From the foregoing it will be seen that, notwithstanding the disadvantage
of having moved our centre of activity frorn the thronged Pan-American to
remote Asheville with its scattered constituency, our Society is in fairly pros-
perous circumstances as to funds, membership and general activity along legit-
imate lines. It is especially gratifying to note that the life membership list is
steadily lengthening and its permanent fund approaching dimensions where the
accruing annual interest amounts to a substantial sum.

We should not, however, lose sight of the fact that, considering the num-
ber of people engaged in horticultural pursuits in the United States, our mem-
bership is disappointingh' small and our sphere of usefulness consequently
limited. We should have a life membership of at least one thousand and an
annual list of twice that number. How shall we attain it? Thus far all expe-
dients for acquiring the consistent allegiance of the thousands of prosperous
florists of our country have produced but minor results and when services such
as we have been fenabled to give this year prove ineffectual, whither shall we
turn .''

In closing this report permit me to express the hope that the results of
this Convention shall justify all the unselfish, faithful ])reparatory work which
has been done by Society officials and the energetic members of the local flor-
ists' club whose favored guests we are today.

Mr. Alfred H. Langjahr, of Brooklyn, N. Y., moved that the
report be accepted and spread upon the minutes.

Mr. H. A. SiEBRECHT, of New Rochelle, N. Y., seconded the
motion.

The motion was agreed to.

Mr. Alex. Wallace, of New York : Mr. President, I would like to ask the
Secretary, through you, in regard to the registering of the names of peonies,
whether those he has given are new varieties.

16 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Secretary Stewart : Mr. President, the Secretary knows no more and
no less regarding those peonj names, as to their newness, than about other
names of plants that have been given to him for registry. He accepts in good
faith, in such cases, the word of a member of this Society and in this case took
the further precaution to ask, through all the publications available, that if any
one knew of any peony represented in that list being already in the country
under any other name, he would so report to the Secretary ; the list being
meanwhile registered provisionally, for some two or three weeks, to give all a
chance to be heard, if any one knew any facts bearing thereon. There was no
response from any one and, accepting that as acquiescence, the registration was
made in due form.*

Mr. Wallace : Thanks for the information, but is it not a fact that these
are English names of Japanese varieties which are known to have been distrib-
uted previous to being submitted to the Secretary for registration?

Secretary Stewart : I don't know it to be the fact but if the gentleman
knew the fact it was his duty as a member of the Executive Committee and as a
good, loyal member of this Society, to impart to the Secretary just that
information.

Mr. Wallace : It seems to me that the Constitution states that registra-
tion is for new plants. What I wish to make plain is this, that these plants
registered by the Secretary are more or less understood to be new plants and
that, if they are not new but have simply been given new names, it is hardly
correct to include them in this registration.

Secretary Stewart : As to that I feel hardly competent to answer.
The instructions* to the Secretary, in the Constitution, are very vague. The
Secretary took the liberty, last year, to introduce on the program a proposition
to amend the by-laws so as to instruct him more ininutely as to his work in
registering. The Society took no action on the proposed amendment, and the
Secretary believes that some action should be taken to more clearly define his
duties. He has done that which in his judgment appeared to be right and just
to members of the Society who made applications for registration, excepting
none. I do think, as I said before, that after giving the gentleman (Mr. Wal-
lace) an opportunity to make to me the claim which he is making now I left
the way open ; and when he did not accept it nothing remained for me but to
do as I did. I think if he had been in my place he would have done the same
thing.

Mr. Wallace : Mr. President, my object was not to attack the Secretary in
the performance of his duties but simply to impress upon the Society that the
inclusion of these and other peonies, in the report, might be misleading and
that the matter was more properly one for the Nomenclature Committee to dis-
pose of.

President Burton here ruled that discussion of the compara-
tive merits of peonies or other plants was not in order at this time.
He suggested that if Mr. Wallace thought the report was incorrect in

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 17

the particular referred to it would be proper for that gentleman to
move an amendment to it.

Subsequently a motion by Mr. Wallace was presented as
follows :

That the adoption of that part of the Secretary's report referring to the
registration of the tree and, herbaceous Japanese peonies mentioned in the said
report, be deferred until such time as it has been ascertained whether the said
registration applies to "new plants" as provided by the Constitution of the
Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists.

The motion of Mr. Langjahr, as amended, was adopted and
the report, except the portion objected to, was accepted and ordered to
be placed on file.

JUDGES FOR THE TRADE EXHIBITION.

The list of Judges for the various departments of the trade exhi-
bition, as constituted by the Chair, was here announced. Several of
the appointees failing to report for their duties, substitutes were duly
selected and the committees as finally constituted consisted of the fol-
lowing named gentlemen :

Class A — Plants. A. Ferguson, Detroit; Herman Junge, St. Louis;
\V. L. Palinsky, Chicago; H. Papworth, New Orleans; Otto Spiedel, Oconom-
owoc, Wis.

Class B — Cut Flowers. A. H. Langjahr, Brooklyn; John Sibson,
Philadelphia; E. G. Gillett, Cincinnati.

Class C — Boilers. Lemuel Ball, Wissinoming, Philadelphia; J. M.
Gasser, Cleveland : J. T. Temple, Davenport, la.

Class D — Greenhouse Applianxes. J. S. Wilson, Western Springs,
Ills. ; W. A. Kennedy, Milwaukee; H. M. Altick, Dayton, Ohio.

Classes E and G — Supplies. W. F. Kasting, Buffalo; C. C. Poll-
worth, Milwaukee; John Westcott, Philadelphia.

Class F — Bulbs. William Currie, Milwaukee; August Poehlmann,
Chicago; John K. M. L. Farquhar, Boston.

18

PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

REPORT OF THE TREASURER.

Treasurer H. B. Beatty, of Oil City, Pa., presented his report,
which was read by Secretary Stewart, as follows :

GENERAL FUND.

RECEIPTS.

1902.

Jan .

1.

Balance on hand

Jan.

33.

Book No. 1-50

Dues 1902
" 1903 .

$150.00
3.00

Feb.

10.

Book No. 51-100

" 1902 .

150.00

Apr.

16.

Book No. 101-150

" 1902 .

150.00

May

Book No. 151-200

" 1902 .

150.00

Book No. 201-250

'< 1902 .

150.00

June

30.

Interest

21 40

Sept.

8.

Book No. 251-300 Dues 1902 & 1903

150.00

Book No. 651-700 Initiation

235.00

" "

Dues

3.00

Book No. 501-550 Initiation

250.00

Oct.

9.

Exhibition Receipts

477.58

Aug.

29.

Book No. 401-450

451-500: Dues 1901

179.00

Nov.

3.

Book No. 301-350
Dues 1902 .

351-400 : 401-450 :

447.00

Dec.

30.

Interest Union Trust Co.

3.84

Total Receipts, 1902.
Total Cash

$2,111.11

2,519.82
$4,630.93

1902.
Apr. 16.

Sept.
Sept.

10.

8.

J. F. Sullivan

A. B. Cartledge .

J. D. Carmody

Alex Wallace

F. R. Mathison

Robert Hallidav .

John Burton

Wm. J. Stewart

H. B. Beatty

The Cottage Gardens

John Young

N. Stafford Co. .

Jos. I. Gilbert

Wm. y. Stewart

Voucher No.

202

$33.75

203

34.15

204

31.45

205

43.15

206

54.00

207

26.00

208

30.00

209

54.00

210

41.45

211

50.00

212

26.00

213

82.00

214

81.30

215

375.00

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

19

TuIt

31

Sept.

30

Nov.

3

Dec.

31

Wm. J.Stewart. Sec'y.

Win. J. Stewart, Sec'j.

Wm. J. Stewart, Sec'y.

Wm. J. Stewart, Sec'y.
Total Expense
Cash on hand

Total

216

153.59

217

403.87

218

326.74

219

125.71

$1,920.16

2,710.77

$4,630.93

Examined and found correct.

Alex. Wallace,
W. J. Stewart,
F. R. Mathison.

LIFE MEMBERSHIP FUND.
1902.

Jan. 1. Cash on hand .....
Feb. 25. Receipts : No. 51, Frederick H. Williams

No. 52, Wm. F. Anderson
Apr. 23. No. 53, A. B. Cartledge .

No. 54, J. Liddon Pennock

No. 55, Emil Leuly [.

No. 56, Elmer D. Smith .
Sept. 26. No. 57, J, W. C. Deake .

No. 58, Mrs. J. B. Deake .
Nov. 29. No. 59, H. G. Walker

No. 60, George E. Fancourt
Dec. 14. No. 61, Adolph Farenwald

Interest ......

Cash on hand, Jan. 1, 1903 .

Examined and found correct.

Alex. W
F. R. M

Auditors.

$30.00
30.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00

ALLACE,
ATHISON,

W. J. Stewart.

$1,574.68

$285.00

64.88

$1,924.56

Auditors.

On motion of Mr. R. F. Tesson, of St. Louis, the report was
received and placed on file.

20

PROCEEDINGS OF NIXETEENTH CONVENTION

The usual supplemental report for the first six months of the
current year was also presented, as follows :

1903.

Jan.

1.

Jan.

31.

Feb.

26.

May

20.

May

31.

July

8.

July

GENERAL FUND.

RECEIPTS.

Cash on hand .....

Book No. 701-750 Initiation . . $24.5.00

Book No. 451-500 Dues . . . 150.00

Book No. 501-550 ; 551-600 ; 601-650, Dues 447.00

Advertising, Cottage Garden Co. 1902 40.00

Book No. 651-700^ Dues 1903 . . 160.00

Advertising, 1902, Lord & Burnham Co. 25.00

'' Hitchings & Co. . 25.00

Cash returned by Fertilizer Committee 20.00

Book No. 701-750, Dues 1903 . . 153.00
Total receipts, January to July 31, 1903
Total . . . .

,710.77

$1,255.00
$3,965.77

190$.
Jan. 6

Wm. J. Stewart, Sec'y.

De La Mare P. & P. Co.

Wm. J. Stewart, Sec'y.

American Florist

Wm. J. Stewart, Sec'y.

Wm. J. Stewart, Sec'y.
Total Expense
Cash on hand

Total

Balance Cash Citizens Banking Co
Uniooi Trust Co.

Total

Voucher

No.

220

$375.00

221

384.75

222

156.00

223

15.30

224

375.00

225

186.65

$1,492.70

2,473.07

$3,966.77

2,000.00

473.07

$2,473.07

LIFE MEMBERSHIP FUND.
1903.

Jan. 1. Cash on hand . . • .

Feb. 2. Receipts : No. 62, J. N. May .
No. 63, A. J. Loveless

Mar. 23.

No. 64, W. R, Smith

$25.00
26.00
25.00

$1,924.56

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

21

May 23. No. 65, David A. Dean

No. 66. Fred. Busch
No. 67, John Burton
No. 68, J. T. Butterworth
No. 69, Geo. Burton
No. 70, Alfred Burton

Interest

Cash on hand, July 7, 1903

$25.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
30.00
30.00

$260.00

38.48

298.48

$2,223.04

Mr. J. G. EsLER of Saddle River, N. J., inquired as to the
manner in which the life membership fund was invested.

Treasurer Beatty replied stating that it is on deposit in the
Germania Savings Bank of Pittsburgh, Pa., and is drawing four per
cent, interest.

COMMUNICATIONS AND THE ACTION THEREON.

Secretary Stewart read sundry communications received by
him. The first was from the Secretary of the Postal Progress League,
as follows :

To the Society of American Florists,

Gentlemen — In the name of the New York Postal Progress League, I pray
that your association will endorse the bill proposed by Col. Albert A. Pope,
President of the League, and will do all in your power to insure its enactment
into law this winter. The bill cannot fail to be popular. If it can be fairly
gotten before the country one of two things will surely follow. Either this bill
will be made law or tFe senators and congressmen who fail to support it w^ill
fail of re-election next fall.

The scandalous waste of the contributions made by the public for the
support of the Postal service, the fact that, notwithstanding the great decrease
in the cost of transportation service to the carriers, Congress has made no
reduction in railway mail pay since 1873, the reductions in the cost of the postal
service on our free rural routes due to the abolition of fourth-class post-offices
and of stage route services, these things prove that the business can be done
by the Government with no deficiency in the revenues provided the administra-
tion and Congress have as much regard for the public as for our private
transportation corporations. We can secure from Congress and from the
Administration at Washington this winter far greater attention to the public

22 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

interests than on ordinary occasions. At the next meeting of our association
we shall change our name to The American Postal League. A vote to this-
effect was taken at a meeting of the League held at President Pope's office on
Wednesday, August 12.

Col. Pope was elected President, William B. Howland Treasurer, James L.
Cowles Secretary, and the following gentlemen were chosen members of the
Executive Committee: Mr. Charles B. Spahr, of the Outlook Magazine;
L. Wise of Simpson & Crawford, representing the dry goods interests, and
Henry A. Siebrecht, of the Rose Hill Nurseries, representing the American
Florists and Seedsmen.

This vote will unquestionably be confirmed at our next meeting, and our
organization will then have a national character and will be manned by business
men who seldom take hold of an enterprise except to see it carried to a success.

We very much hope that a large number of your members will join our
League and will stay by it until the battle is won.

The League will devote itself especially to tw-o ends, the prevention of any
increase in rates on any class of mail matter and a reduction of the rates on
merchandise. This will bring to our aid all, or nearly all, the periodical
publishers, while it will also enlist the favor of practically^ all consumers and
producers. I pray you do not suffer this opportunity for the advancement of
our Mutual Transportation Company to pass without your strenuous support.

Respectfully yours,

James L. Cowles, Secretary.

On motion of Mr. John N. May of Summit, N. J., the com-
munication was laid on the table.

Subsequently Mr. A. Gude of Washington, D. C, called atten-
tion to the importance of the communication. He suggested that it
was worthy of thorough consideration, as the matter was one in which
the business men of Washington, D. C, felt a lively interest. He
expressed the belief that the establishment of a parcels post by the
Government, would result in the saving of many thousands of dollars
to the florists in shipments of flowers, for which they now paid the
express companies. He thought it highly desirable to secure a reason-
able rate on shipments not only in the interest of the florists but for
the benefit of shippers generally.

President Burton remarked that the subject had not been dis-
posed of by the temporary tabling of the communication, but that it
could be taken up later.

(Note. At the session of Thursday morning the subject was
discussed and action thereon was taken.)

SOCIETY O.F AMERICAN FLORISTS. 23

Secretary Stewart also read a communication as follows, from
President Thos. Manton, of the Canadian Horticultural Society,
extending cordial congratulations upon the success of the present
Milwaukee meeting :

Mr. John Burton^ President of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental
Ho rticulturists.

Dear Sir — I take the liberty of writing you to wish your Society every
success at its convention, and to hope that it may long continue its good work
for our profession. I also wish to ask through you, in the name of the Cana-
dian Horticultural Association, any of your members that can spare the time to
visit our meeting on September 2d and 3d. Several of them visited our con-
vention in Hamilton, Ontario, last year, and we can* promise a hearty welcome
to all who visit Toronto this year.

Again wishing j'our Society every success, I have the honor to be

Yours very truly,

Thomas Manton, President of the C. H. A.

President Burton suggested that an acknowledgment, by the
Secretary, of the receipt of the communication would be sufficient
action upon it.

Mr. E. G. Hill of Richmond, Ind., said he thought it would be
well to reciprocate by a like expression of good wishes; and, upon
his motion, the Secretary was instructed to convey in his responses
the congratulations of the S. A. F.

Invitations from localities soliciting the Society to hold its meet-
ing there next year were laid aside, to be read in the regular order
on the following day.

REPORTS FROM STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS.

Secretary Stewart announced that reports had been received
from the State Vice-Presidents for the following States: California,
Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois (South), Indiana,
Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts (West), Missouri,
Nebraska, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York
(East), New York (West), Ohio (North), Rhode Island, South
Carolina and Canada.

24 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

On motion of Mr. J. T. Temple of Davenport, Iowa, it was
ordered that the reports be published in the annual volume of the
proceedings of the Convention.

The next business was Reports of Committees.

express rates on cut flowers.

Mr. John N. May of Summit, N. J., Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Legislation, presented and read a report setting forth that,
in the transportation of cut flowers in the past season, the express
rates threatened to entail considerable expense, and in fact did increase
the expense about fifty per cent, from December 10, 1902, to March
10, 1903. The report continued :

In the first January issues of this year an appeal to cut flower shippers in
general was circulated, through the courtesy of the trade journals, requesting
each shipper to write immediately to the main office of the express company
used by him, vigorously protesting against the advanced rates, and at the same
time to send a copy of his letter to the Chairman of this committee for the use
of the committee in pushing the matter still more vigorously with the joint
association of express companies.

In response to this appeal your committee received comparatively very few
protests, the total being only sixty-seven. This was so insignificant, consider-
ing the importance of the matter to every florist in the counti-y, that a second
appeal was sent out through the same mediums as the first, on January 24, urging
the importance of immediate action on the part of every florist using the express
companies. The replies to this second appeal were somewhat more numerous
and emphatic. Meantime the florists of Boston, Philadelphia and other cities
had taken the matter up with the express companies.

Fortified with the joint action of these organized parties, which was of
great assistance in compassing the desired end, your committee was enabled to
convince the express companies of the injustice of the advanced charges they
were imposing on our product, and thereby induced them to rescind the same.

In conclusion, your committee would respectfully point out to every flor-
ist in the country the advantage of having a Society whose influence is strong
enough to make itself felt when its machinery is put in motion, for the benefit
of the florists.

Respectfully submitted by

John N. May,
Patrick O'Mara,
Walter F. Sheridan,

Committee.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 25

On motion of Mr. E. G. Hill the report was received and placed
on file; and on motion of Mr. H. B. Beatty the hearty thanks of
the Convention were voted to the committee for their effective labors.

SPORTS.

Mr. P. J. Hauswirth of Chicago, Ills., Chairman of the
Committee on Sports, reported for general information the time and ,
place for the meeting of the bowling teams, the arrangement for the
distribution of prizes and other details.

Mr. ScHMELiNG of Milwaukee made a similar announcement in
regard to the shooting tournament.

On motion of Mr. John Westcott of Philadelphia the report
from Chairman Hauswirth was received and the matters referred to
were left in the hands of the Bowling Committee.

PEONIES.

Mr. George C. Watson of Philadelphia, chairman of the Peony
Committee, said :

Mr. President, there has not been any recent meeting of the Peony Com-
mittee and, in consequence, anything that I am able to report at this time will
have to be taken as coming from myself as Secretary- of the Committee. With
that preface I beg to report as follows :

In view of the fact that the Peony Committee went to work under the
idea that they were constituted, according to the suggestion of the President of
the Society, " with power to add to their number," and as it appeared after the
publication of the minutes that they did not have that power, it follows that all
that they did under a wrong impression remains inoperative.

A good deal of preliminary work was done in the way of establishing
communication with foreign Peony growers as well as with those interested in
the Peony in this country. Arrangements were made for a public testing
grounds in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, and a commencement made with a
collection of fifty-foftr varieties. It was publicly announced through the press
and otherwise that any member of the S. A. F. could add himself to the Peony
Committee without cost, and all that an outsider had to do was to become a
member of the S. A. F. to qualify for membership on the Peony Committee.
The "power to add" proviso on the constitution of the committee naturally
suggested the idea of associating all those who were interested in the Peony,
and the word "Association" was used to designate the fact that the Peony
Committee was more than an ordinary committee as usually understood.

26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINETEENTH CONVENTION

After the flaw in the constitution of the Committee was discovered, it was
thought best not to go ahead further but to wait for whatever action the Society
might take at the annual meeting. If the Society should validate the " power
to add " proviso, the work can be taken up at the point where it now stands.
If the Society decides on some other plan to carry out the work, the members
of the present committee will no doubt be glad to do all in their power to help
things along.

Mr. Watson's report was greeted with applause.

On motion of Mr. P. O'Mara of New York the report was
received and it was ordered that the committee be continued with
power to add to their number.

CI.OSER relations WITH KINDRED SOCIETIES.

Mr. Wm. Scott of Buffalo, N. Y., chairman of the committee
on this subject, explained that unfortimately the draft of a proposed
amendment to the Constitution which he had prepared with the
sanction of the other members of the committee, had not been com-
pleted in time for publication in advance of the present Convention,
at the date required by the By-Laws. He referred to the discussion
of the matter at previous Conventions when the current of opinion
was in favor of bringing these kindred societies under the wing of the
parent organization. He thought that if an earnest effort was now
made something might be done at this time, so that the matter might
be put into shape for final action next year, althovigh the necessity for
immediate action was not imperative. In deference to what he
thought to be the general sentiment, he suggested the elimination of
the section concerning the control by the S. A. F. of the funds of the
auxiliary organizations. He then presented printed copies of the
proposed amendment of the Constitution, for general information.

The proposed amendment is as follows :
ARTICLE — .

CLOSER RELATIONS WITH KINDRED SOCIETIES.

Section 1. Any number of persons, not less than fifty, and not less
than twenty-five being members in good standing of the Society of American
Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, who shall be interested in horticulture
or in horticultural pursuits, and who represent any particular flower or par-
ticular branch of horticulture, may be organized as a Section of the Society
of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 27

Section 2. Officers and Government of Sections. The officers of any
Section shall consist of a president, vice-president, secretary, and an executive
committee, composed of the president and secretary, and in addition thereto
three members, who shall be appointed or elected in such manner as may be
provided in the by-laws of said Section, and such executive committee shall be
vested with the government of such Section between its regularly called sessions.

Section 3. Delegates. Each duly enrolled Section having a member-
ship of fifty or more in good standing, of whom at least twenty-five are
members in good standing of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental
Horticulturists, shall be entitled to elect one delegate annually who shall serve
for one year as a member of the executive board with all the powers, rights and
privileges appertaining thereto, the payment by the S. A. F. of traveling
expenses of such delegate in attendance on meetings of the executive board
being alone excepted.

Section 4. Annual Dues. The annual dues and naembership fees of any
Section shall be determined and controlled by the members of any Section
themselves, and will be entirely separate and distinct from their annual dues
and membership fee paid to the Society of American Florists and Ornamental
Horticulturists. Any member in good standing in any Section shall be entitled
to the annual report of the Society of American Florists and Horticulturists,
but he will not be entitled to a vote to take part in the deliberations of the
Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, unless he is a
member of that Society in good standing.

Section 5. Constitution and By-Laws of Sections. Each section shall,
in conformity with the aims and purposes and the charter of the Society of
American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, provide for itself such addi-
tional officers, constitution, by-laws, rules and regulations as may be required
by such Section in the accomplishment of its work, and shall determine the
date upon which its annual meeting or exhibition shall be held.

Section 6. Annual Report. The secretary of each Section shall attend
each annual meeting of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental
Horticulturists, and at such meeting shall present in writing a full report of the
proceedings of such Section, which report shall be incorporated by the secretary
of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists in the
annual report of this Society.

Section 7. Plant Registration. Registration of plants by members of
Sections shall be effected through the Registration Department of the Society
of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists.

Section 8. Special Appropriations. The Society of American Florists
and Ornamental Horticulturists may from time to time pay to any duly
organized Section in good standing, for its use in furthering its work, such sum
as may be voted by its executive board, due regard being had for the number of
members, the average attendance, the amount, character and importance of the

28 PROCEEDINGS OF XIXETEENTH CONVENTION

work being done and of the needs of the Section, and mav at the order of said
executive board, contribute for the use of any Section suitable medals, certifi-
cates or other awards for new plants of American origin and other products
of American skill deemed of special value to horticulture.

Sectiox 9. Scientific Work. The services of the regularly constituted
legislative, botanical, pathological and entomological committees of the Society
of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists shall be at the disposal
of any Co-operative Society making request therefor through the secretarj' of
the S. A. F. Any expense appertaining thei-eto shall be paid by the S. A. F.,
but a full detailed report of such investigation or other work shall be furnished
by said Co-operative Society to the secretary of the S. A. F., and to him only,
for the purposes of record.

Mr. W. N. RuDD, of Chicago, Ills. : Mr. President, this is a matter that
seems to me altogether too important to be decided offhand or without reasons
for it. I therefore move that the report of this Committee be referred to the
Executive Committee and, if approved or amended by them, it shall then take
the usual course for proposed amendments to the constitution.

Mr. W. R. Smith, of Washington, D. C, seconded the motion.

President Burton: The motion, as the Chair understands it, is to refer
the report to the Executive Committee, that they may examine and report on it
to our next annual meeting. If they report it favorably, the Chair understands,
they will have it printed in time so that it may be acted upon at that meeting
as an amendment to the Constitution.

A motion by Mr. J. K. M. L. Farquhar, of Boston, Mass., to
amend the report, was voted down, and Mr. Rtidd's motion was
agreed to without objection.

The Convention at 5,15 p.m., adjourned until the following
morning; at ten o'clock.

, PRESIDENT S RECEPTION.

The President's reception, under the auspices of the Mil-
M^aukee Florist Club, was held on Tuesday evening, in the balcony
of the Exposition Building. It was well attended by members of the
Society, with their ladies, and many of the leading families of the
city. The decorations included a background in the form of a cres-
cent of palms and smilax, eighteen feet in height and arching over in
the shape of a half shell.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 29

Secretary Stewart presented the guests, and President Burton
was assisted in receiving by Vice President Pollworth, Mr. and
Mrs. PI. B. Beatty, Mrs. Gordon, Mrs. Siebert, Mr. and Mrs.
Whitnall and mother, Mr. and Mrs. Pollworth, Sr., ex-Presi-
dents Craig, Smith and Graham. The company formed in line,
and each in turn had a handshake and a pleasant chat with the genial
President and his associates. The remainder of the evening was
spent in renewing old friendships and forming new ones. Vocal
and instrumental music enlivened the occasion, a number of selections
being admirably rendered by Miss Pearl Fulmer of Des Moines,
la., an4 the Milwaukee Glee Club. Bach's orchestra added its
quota of harmony. Light refreshments were in profuse supply and a
few of the guests tripped the light fantastic at the close of an evening
of social enjoyment. It was nearly midnight when the company
retired.

SECOND DAY — MORNING.

Wednesday, August 19, 1903.

The Convention met at 10.30 a.m.. President Burton in the
Chair.

reports of exhibition judges.

Secretary Stewart announced that some of the Judges on the
Trade Exhibition had made reports and that others had not yet com-
pleted their labors. He then read the reports so far as received.
Each report, as read, was, on motion, adopted without dissent. The
motions to this effect were made by Messrs. P. O'Mara, of New
York ; A. H. Langjahr, of Brooklyn, N. Y., and Joseph Heacock,
of Wyncote, Penn.

(The Judges' reports, in full, will be found in later pages of this
volume.)

30 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

TO MEET AT ST, LOUIS, MO., IN 1904.

The next order of business was the selection of a meeting place
for 1904.

Secretary Stewart read invitations, accompanied in some
instances by a circular letter, (somewhat lengthy) to hold the next
meeting at the following places :

Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie, Ohio, from the Hotel Victory Company.

Niagara Falls, from the Bureau of Conventions.

Toronto, from the Piedmont Hotel Company.

Portland, Me., from the Falmouth Hotel.

St. Louis, Mo.

The Secretary (referring to the latter) said :

I am instructed by Mr. F. W. Taylor, Chief of the Department of Horticul-
ture at the St. Louis Exposition, to say that he holds formal invitations, especially
prepared to be presented at this meeting, from the Mayor of the city of St. Louis,
the President of the Exposition and the President of the Business Men's
League, which he failed to bring with him, having left them on his desk, but
he promises to place them on record in the Secretary's office, upon his return,
and asks that the Convention consider that the letters have been formally
presented here. [Applause.]

The letters above referred to are here presented in full :

ISLwor's Office. St. Louis, August 13, 1903.
To the Honorable President and Members, Society of American Florists,

Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Gentlemen :

I take pleasure, in behalf of the City of St. Louis, in extending to your
Society a cordial invitation to hold your meeting for the year 1904, in this city.

Very truly,

RoLLA Wells, Mayor.

The Business Men's League, St. Louis, August 13, 1903.
To the President and Members of the Society of American Florists.
Gentlemen :

The Business Men's League of St. Louis has the honor to extend an
invitation to the Society of American Florists to hold its convention in 1904
in St. Louis.

The Louisiana Purchase Exposition will then be open and the city will be
most attractive. The hotel and hall facilities will be adequate and railway rates

will be low.

Very truly yours,

C. P. Walbridge, President.

Wm. Flewellvx Saunders, Secretary and General Manager.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS, 31

Universal Exposition, Si. Louis, August 13, 1!»03.
To the President of the Society of American Florists.
Sir:

On behalf of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition I desire to extend to the
Society of American Florists a cordial invitation to hold the annual meeting
of the Society, for 1904, in the city of St. Louis.

In that year will be held at St. Louis the Universal Exposition, in com-
memoration of the one hundredth anniversary of the Purchase of Lousiana
Territory. The Exposition management will be prepared to furnish without
charge a satisfactory hall for the holding of the sessions of the Society. The
Committee on Ceremonies Avill, if desired, recognize the presence of the Society
of American Florists by setting apart a special day, or by providing some
distinctive feature of the program.

The Information Service, conducted without charge by the Exposition
Management, wilT assist delegates in obtaining satisfactory accommodations
at reasonable prices. The fair name of St. Louis for hospitality will not be
marred in 1904. Assurances given by the railroads warrant the promise of very
low rates in transportation.

Respectfully,

David R. Francis, President.

Mr. J. F. Ammann, of Edwardsville, Ills. : Mr. President, Ladies and
Gentlemen, at a meeting of the St. Louis Florists' Club, held in the city of St.
Louis on the 13th instant, the following resolution was unanimously adopted :

Whereas, the meeting of the Society of American Florists and Orna-
mental Horticulturists is to be held in Milwaukee, August 18th to 21st ; and, with
a good representation of the St. Louis Florists' Club present and with the great
Louisiana Purchase Exposition to be held here, it will be an opportune time to
have the Society's 1904 meeting in our city. Therefore be it

Resolved, That the St. Louis Florists' Club extend to the Society of Amer-
ican Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists an invitation to meet with us in
1904 ; and that we pledge ourselves to do all in our power to make their stay
here a pleasant one and the meeting a grand success ; and be it further

Resolved, That the Chairman of this Club appoint a committee of three
to extend this invitation to the said Society, at their meeting in Milwaukee.

Now, Mr. President, in behalf of the Committee, the St. Louis Florists'
Club and the City of St. Louis, we want to say to you that it is indeed an oppor-
tune time to have your next Convention in our city. It is now just ten
years since the Society' met in St. Louis. We then had a meeting that was
entirely satisfactory to every one. We believe that, with our past experience,
we are now in a position to make your next meeting there a much greater
success.

32 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

St. Louis, as you all know, is a most centrally located citj, and just far
enough awav from that " very wicked city " to keep you all out of mischief.
We claim that it is the best city in which to hold your 1904 meeting. With the
great Louisiana Purchase Exposition alone as an attraction you should all want
to be with us. But that is not all. St. Louis has a Shaw's Garden, comprising
nine hundred and forty-five acres devoted to ornamental horticulture and con-
taining treasures such as only such a garden can be noted for. There are also
eighteen other beautiful parks with an area of two thousand four hundred and
six acres. St. Louis has the finest and best-equipped street car system in the
world. It has the largest hardware house, drug house, shoe factory and cracker
factory ; and we claim that it excels all other cities in America in manu-
facturing the stuff that made Milwaukee famous.. We have plenty of that
product on hand, so that no one will have to drink any Chicago drainage
canal water while in our city, at least not during a short stay.

We are noted for our August climate and for our good-looking women.
The small amount of leather used in the manufacture of our women's shoes is
what makes our shoe factories prosperous. Our hotel accommodations are
ample and of the best class. Remember also that Ave have a St. Louis Florists'
Club, and it is that Club that invites you for 1904. Come and be with us.

Mr. A.' S. Halstedt, of Belleville, Ills. : Mr. President, I move the
acceptance of the invitation from the city of St. Louis and that the next annual
meeting of this Society be held in that city.

Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, seconded the motion.

President Burton explained that the constitution required the
selection of the annual meeting place to be by ballot.

Mr. A. GuDE, of Washington, D.C., moved to suspend the rules
in order to instruct the Secretary to cast a ballot, as the unanimous
vote of the Convention, in favor of St. Louis.

Unanimously agreed to.

Mr. William Scott, of Buffalo, N.Y,, moved that the Secre-
tary be instructed to cast the ballot of the Society for the selection of
St. Louis as the meeting place in 1904.

President Burton took a vote on the motion and announced that
it had been unanimously carried. He followed this with the
announcement that a ballot had been cast by the Secretary, as the
vote of the Convention, and that St. Louis had been unanimously
selected. [Applause.]

A SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR GREENHOUSES, ETC.

The next business was an essay by Mr. R. F. Tesson, of St.
Louis, Mo., on "A System of Accounts for Greenhouses and Forms
for Determining Cost of Production."

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 33

The essayist read his paper from the platform, and it was greeted
with much applause. The paper is as follows :

Mr. President, Ladies and Ge7itlemen : After having acceded to the request that
I prepare a paper under the heading of " A System of Accounts for Greenhouses
and Forms for Determining the Cost of Production," I found that instead
of having an easy subject, I had been assigned a tough proposition. The
moment you seriously start to consider the subject it becomes so elusive, so
diversified, appears in so many shapes and presents so many points that have to
be considered, that it is impossible to do the subject justice in a single paper,
and the one that I have prepared to read you today treats of the subject in the
barest outlines.

I am afraid that the subject of systematic accounting is looked upon
rather as an impossibility by a great many of our members and as something
anyway that is too fearsome to be tackled by the ordinary florist, and with this
summing up the matter is let rest, he being content to take things as they come,
and as the saying has it, goes it blind. This, however, is radically wrong: we
all should know both for the protection of ourselves and our creditors what we
are doing ; we should knoAv at the end of the year or sooner whether the busi-
ness has made or lost money, if we have made money where did it come from,
if we have lost money where did it go. Were our gains derived from properly
conceived and carried out plans, or from some accidental or outside source.
Were our losses caused by failure of crops, by low prices, by heavy expenses or
through lack of system in attending to the details of our business. This
knowledge can only come from a properly conceived and carried out system of
accounts. The object of all systems of accounts is to exhibit the results of the
transactions of the business during specified periods, arranged in such a manner
as to inform the proprietor of the business of the amounts of revenue and how
they have been produced, the amounts of expenditures and their details, and the
net income remaining. The best system, therefore, is the one which will fur-
nish these particulars in the clearest possible manner with the least expenditure
of time and labor.

Differences in the requirements called for by the various branches of our
business cause changes to be made in the details of the system adopted, the
underlying principle remaining the same, however, in all cases. Every Isusi-
ness should open a set of books, preferably a double entry set. In a double
entry set of books there is a debit for every credit entry, and a credit for every
debit entry, so that the books can be balanced and discrepancies located. I
have found that a very complete record can be had by running three books a
Cash book. Journal and Ledger. The cash book, as its name implies, holds' a
record of all the cash transactions in the business, the left hand or debit page
being for all moneys received and the right hand or credit page being for
moneys paid out; the balance between these two pages shows the cash on
hand.

34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NIXETEENTII CONVENTION

1902 Dr. CASH 1902 CASH Cr.

July

Julj

To State Bank
" Miss Mitchell
" Merchandise
" M. M. Avers
" Plant Seed Co.
" C. C. Nichols

To Balance

57

21.90

Tulv

1

409

4.00

•'

13

3.75

"

126

8.25

"

344

175.42

3

350

3.00

"

216.32

19.32

By Mrs. Graham
" Thos. Fox
" Labor Acct.
" S. Beatty
" Express
" State Bank
" Gasoline
" Polar Wave
Bv Balance

541
6H.
GO

342
66
57
66 1

404

5.13

1.00

2.50

5.00

.65

175.42

1.30

6.00

19.32

216.32

The journal is used for credit transactions and all entries of amounts
pavable such as rent, light, taxes, etc. ; and for amounts receivable such as bills
for CTOods sold, or. in other words, bills receivable are made in this book.

July, 1902

JOURNAL

Dr.

Cr.

57

Sundries Dr. State Bank

0

—

9

32

326

D. Husband

No.

2692

3

32

345

Christ Childs

3

No.

2693

6

00

278

Kupferh' Bros.

Dr.

58

06

57

State Bank

3

No.

2702

58

06

265

H. G. Banning

Dr.

46

17

13

Merchandise

— 31—

46

17

168

Advertising

Dr.

7

50

328

Florist" Publishing Co.

—31—

7

50

99

Repairs

Dr.

36

91

255

Hadley Dean Glass Co.

34

70

278

Kupferly Bros.

65

348

Boeckler Lumber Co.

— 31—

1

56

60

Labor Account

Dr.

69

72

341

E. Bokan

18

40

640

S.P. Long

18

40

342

S. S. Beattv

15

50

343

N. Eveler

1

9

07

345

J. Jones

227

68

1

8
227

35

68

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

35

In the ledger an account is opened with every person with whom we have
credit dealings and with items that we wish to keep track of. Under this head
would come capital, greenhouses or plant, land, machinery and tools, heating
plant, stock, etc. Expenses would be subdivided into labor, fuel, repairs, adver-
tisement, interest, insurance, miscellaneous expenses, etc. All items entered
in cash book and journal are posted to the ledger under their proper headings :
the items from the debit side of the cash book to the credit side of the ledger,
and from the credit side of the cash book to the debit side of the ledger; the
debit and credit columns in the journal are posted to the same side of the
ledger, debit to debit and credit to credit. A notation is made in the cash book
and journal of the ledger page to which they have been posted, this notation
showing that they have been carried forward into the ledger and also giving
a ready means of looking the entries up should occasion require ; each entry
is also paged in the ledger showing from where it was posted.

KUPFERLY BROS.

1902
July 9

" 3]

To State Bank
" Balance

219

58

1

59

06
65
71

1902
July 1

" 31

Aug.l

By Balance
" Repairs
" Express

Bv Balance

221
222

58

1

59

1

REPAIRS ACCOUNT

1902
July 31

To Sundries

321

3691

As the footing of the two columns of the journal correspond, and both
sides of the cash book balance, when these amounts are forwarded to the ledger
and the balances taken from it they must correspond when the cash on hand
is added. When these balances are taken from the ledger and tabulated we have
a trial balance. Should there be any variation in the amounts of the debit and
credit columns of the trial balance there is the omission of a ledger account or
an error in carrying the amounts forward from the cash book or journal to the
ledger, or an error in striking a balance in the ledger. The fact that the ledger
accounts must balance is the best feature of the double entry sj'stem, as vou are
enabled at any time to strike a balance, and if the books do not balance you
know that an error has been made and 3'ou can then look for it in order to make
corrections.

36

PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

At least once a year the books should be closed. I have found July 1st to
be the most convenient time to do this, as it is between seasons. In order to
close the books a loss and gain, account is opened in the ledger and to it are
posted the various items of expense from the ledger and also depreciation on
houses, tools, heating plant, fixtures, etc. These expense items all go on the
debit side of the loss and gain account. On the credit side are posted all the
receipts from whatever source obtained. An inventors of all the stock on hand
is made, and if it amounts to more than called for by the stock account in the
ledger, the excess amount is posted on the credit side of the loss and gain
account : if it is less the discrepancy is posted to the debit side of the loss and
gain account. The difference in the footings of the two columns of the loss
and gain account will tell whether j-ou have made a profit or sustained a loss
during the time the books have been open.

LOSS AND GAIN (1)

1902

1902,

June 30

To Expenses

7-1

olfi

35

June 30

By Mdse.

10

7164

12

" Labor

64

3374

12

'/' Stock

79

66

54

" Repairs

99

13.5

20

" Adv-g

168

18

90

" Fuel

175

985

56

" Insurance

193

30

48

" Fixt'reslO%

209

80

32

" Gr'nhouses

204

867

48

'• Heating

Plant 6%

364

80

" Interes-t6%

1494

54

By Balance

636

09

7866

76

7866

75

July 1

To Balance

636

09

You will see from the loss and gain account that I have submitted that
the books show a loss of $636.09. If, however, a proper set of books had not
been kept, if no depreciation had been allowed for fixtures, no depreciation
allowed for greenhouses, or for heating plant, if interest on the capital
invested had not been charged up as an expense we would have a very different
showing. In this case we would have a profit of $2,171.05, as shown hy this
second loss and gain account.

SOCIETV OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

37

LOSS AND GAIN (2)

1902

1902

June 30

To Expenses

74

515

35

June 30

By Mdse.

10

7164

12

' • Labor

60

3374

12

" Stock

66

54

" Repairs

99

135

20

" Advg.

168

18

90

.

" Fuel

175

985

56

" Insurance

193

30

48

To Balance

2171

05

7230

66

7230

t

66

By Balance

2171

05

Which of these loss and gain accounts is correct, -which is honest, which
will tell you exactly where your business is going, which will enable ^^ou to put
your finger on the leak if a leak exists or will awaken you to a realization of the
true standing of your efforts? You may say that it is not correct to write off
depreciation for fixtures, greenhouses or heating plant, that they are all there
and that you will use them until they haye to be replaced when you will make
a charge for them. But is this honest with your business? Does not f ach year
receiye a certain amount of use from these items and should it not be charged
for that use? Depreciation is one of the heaviest expense items in our business
and its omission may make a considerable difference in the season's showing,
but is it right to leave it out ? The same thing will apply to the capital
invested : you may say it is your money and you do not have to pay interest on
it, still if you borrowed it from a Bank or Trust Co., to put in your business
you would have to pay interest for its use, if you borrowed it from an individual
you would have to pay for its use, and now when you have borrowed it from
yourself for the business why should not the business pay interest on it? If it
was not invested in your business you could place it in a Bank or Trust Co.,
and draw 3% for it, you could bu}' bonds with it and get 4%, you could invest in
deeds of trust and get 6% for its use; why then should it not be drawing inter-
est when invested in your business ? You have borrowed it from yourself
rather than from some one else.

These two samples of loss and gain accounts should be studied. They
will bear a lot of thinking over. They will show the real from the apparent
gain and I am apprehensive that it is the apparent gain that we see and by
which we are misled.

From the loss and gain account we gain another pointer. This is the cost
of operating the business, and by finding the number of squai'e feet of bench
surface or producing area contained in the houses we get the cost of operating
the plant per square foot; or, in other words, we know how^ much each foot of
bench space must produce in order to pay operating expenses.

38 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

The principal idea in keeping a set of books is to enable one to know
exactly what the business is doing and the one feature in business that will
enable vou to make your business pay is the ability to tell what it costs ybu to
prodvice a given article so that you can intelligently put a price on it that
enables you to make a sufficient profit to justify the transaction. The system
adopted and carried out that enables you to do this is called cost accounting.
Records are kept of all the items that enter into the cost of production so that
the exact cost of the finished product is known. These systems vary with dif-
ferent lines of business, the same principal, however, underlies them all; they
have been brought to their fullest development in manufacturing enterprises
where records are kept of every item that enters into the cost of the production
of their output. The florists' business, that is the growing end of it, has always
impressed me as being a strictly manufacturing enterprise : you have in the first
place your plant or greenhouses, you have the tools for doing the necessary
work, you have your raw material to work with, you employ labor and lastly
you turn out the finished product, either plants or cut flowers. Now what
opinion would you hold of a manufacturer of boots and shoes, of cigars, of hard-
ware or of any manufactured article, who after having produced these articles did
not know for what he could sell them to make a profit because he did not know
what it had cost him to produce them.^ Yet how many of us are in this busi-
ness condition.^ If we are producing cut flowers can we tell the cost to us oc a
dozen roses or carnations or hyacinths? If we are growing plants what does it
cost to get a kentia into a five, six or seven-inch pot or a geranium into a four-
inch.' When this matter of cost is considered from an outside point of view it
seems that this would be the first question that would be determined, instead of
being as I think about the last that is taken into consideration by the person
growing the stock.

• You may be all right ; you may be receiving prices that are paying you, but
do you know it.' Are you sure that all of the items produced are paying equally
well? Ai-e you not making up on some lines what you have lost on others, and
at the end of the season when final plans are being made for another year can
vou tell what lines to go light on and what lines to push? Can you decide what
varieties to cut down and which to increase? If you cannot do this and do it
intelligently vou are not making the most of your opportunities.

Without entering into all the details of cost accounting I will show a few
form records that will start one to systematizing his business and that can be
elaborated to any length. I have had made for use a special form of blank
book, although any blank book can be ruled to serve; the special feature in the
one mentioned being its size and ruling, the pages being 17x12 inches, and
when opened presenting a surface 17x24 inches; it is ruled horizontally into
seven spaces — one for each day in the week, and vertically into as many spaces
or colvimns as may be desired, and the columns can be of any width. The
copy shown has been used for cut flowers and gives the number and grade of
flowers cut during one week. These columns can be used for a number of pur-
poses under a wide column headed Remarks. Information can be inserted,

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

39

dates of moving stock can be put down, the arrival and planting of bulbs and
their condition can be noted, bulbs brought into the houses for forcing for
Christmas or Easter can be entered, and later their earliness or lateness can be
noted for future i-eference. Thus bv a few seconds' work with a pencil an
established record is made that can be referred to for years to come.

Date

Kaiserin

Carnot

Gates

Ivorv

Remarks

April 4

2- 2- 1

11- 5- 4
1-
1- 5-10

5- 2- 1
5- 1

2- 2-10

8- 4- 3
3- 9
1- 1

5- 5- 9

3
9- 9

12-12-12

12

12-12-18

12

5

2- 1- 3
3- 3

9-19-10

3- 8- 9

7- 9-

2- 2-12
9-12-18

3- 4- 5

1- 1- 4

4- 3- 9

28-41

1- 8

9
2- 3-13
2-11-36
1- 4-27

G

14-31-25
6-19-20

21-27-35
7-14-19

5-33-62
2-22-50

5-27-76
5-19-60

18-48-42

24-36-54

54-102

42-132

7

2- 2- 3

6-14-13

3- 6-19
1

4- 5

2-14-15
4- 6-17
2

7- 1-10
1-23-24
2-12-31

10- 4- 4
2-24-34
2-12-32

12-18-30

12-24-30

36-60

12-36-66

8

4- 5
8- 6-13
1-14-14
1-30-30

1- 2

1- 6-20
6-18-15

10- - 5
1-10-20
2-26-19

2- 4- 4

8-13
1-28-31

30-30

24-36

12-36-36

36-48

9

10- 3- 5

2-12- 7

3-22- 4

5-10

7- 1- 1

5-14-10

11-29-23

1- - 8

8-12

2-37-29

3- 4

7-10-15

5-38-39

54

12-42-36

18-42-30

42-48

12-42-54

10

3

6- 7-18
10-30-19

1

5- 2- 4
12-17-10
9-28-23
4

3- 3- 1
8-24-16

8-36-28

3
12-17-22
25-69-79

18-36-30

30-42-36

18-60-42

36-84-96

1

40

PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

The item of the first importance in ascertaining the cost of production
of cut floAvers is to ascertain the number and quality produced per given foot
of bench space. I think it more satisfactory to figure per foot of bench space
than per plant, as o%ving to the differences in the distances the plants are placed
in benching the records of production in any one place would vary from year
to year, while a comparison with another place to see Avhat the differences are
would be entirely misleading. This record of quality and quantity is provided
for in the book shown. In order to find the number of square feet planted to
any one variety it is necessarj' to measure up the benches after planting, and
this need be done onlv once during the season. Dividing the number of square
feet into the number of blooms cut gives the production per square foot. I like
to have this production worked out every month, so you can tell at the end of
the season when you cut the most flowers. You would rather cut three to a
foot in December than six to a foot in June, and the record will stimulate you
to increase the winter production Avhen you note the tendency to rest shown at
this the period during which the best returns are received.

I show two records of Meteors for successive yeairs, the first being with
young stock planted early, and the second with the same stock carried over.
Any one having this record would hardly throw out one-year old Meteors.
I also show a record of handling Paper Wiiites for two years, in whicli case the
gross profit has been determined.

1 YEAR METEORS

2 YEAR METEORS

Cut Sold

Sell.
Price

Ret.
Pt.

Cut Sold

Sell.
Price

Ret.
Pt.

July

4.24

2.00

2.42

4.82

August

2.09

1.11

2.06

2.92

3.22

2.28

2.00

4.56

September

3.68

2.03

3.11

6.32

5.10

3.42

2,79

9.56

October

3.89

2.40

4.00

9.62

5.25

3.41

3.57

12.22

November

3.21

2.44

4.29

10.47

3.03

2.28

3.96

9.04

December

2.39

1.89

8.30

15.68

2.67

2.33

7.99

18.61

January

1.25

.95

5.89

5.60

2.72

1.81

6.31

11.45

February

.64

.57

5.17

2.97

3.14

2.54

5.88

14.96

March

1.12

.69

5.33

3.72

3.93

3.72

4.14

11.28

April

3.09

2.16

4.66

10.07

6.02

3.70

3.34

12.36

May

4.22

3.32

3.87

12.88

8.00

5.36

2.66

14.2S

June

5.19

3.63

3.55

12 92

5.00

3.32

2.67

8.86

30.77

21.19

4.57

93.17

52.32

35.17

3.98

132.00

SUMMARY :

Cut
Sold

Selling price
Returns per plant

30.77 52.32

21.19 35.17

4.57 3.88

93.17 1.32

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.
PAPER WHITES PAPER WHITES

41

Bulbs Cut Sold Returns Bulbs

Cut

Sold Returns

December
January

February

606
24

606
24

30.18
1.44

2,304

4,068

1,884

2,008
3,460
1,860

81.64
81.12
55.61)

Return
15% Comm
Cost of Bu
Freight,

1,000

s
ission

lbs

630

$4.74
7.. 50
1.00

630 31.62

$31.62
18.24

10,000 8,256 7,328

$218.45
32.76
75.00
5.00 112.76

218.45

Gross Pr

olit

$18

38

$105.69

I do not think it necessary in ascertaining the cost of production to liave
a card follow each lot of plants through their life in the houses. This could be
done with several lots or any special lot to familiarize oneself with the work-
ings of the system, the principal point being to allow for all the items that
enter into the cost of production. A card, however, should be provided for
each lot or variety of which a record is to be kept. Suppose, for instance, a
record is wanted of the cost of growing palms. A card would be prepared, as
shown, calling for the cost of the production per 100 or 1,000, as the case might
be. The first item v.'ould be cost of seed or plants. If seed was sown a cost
of seed would be made and left open until the percentage that germinated could
be ascertained, when the proper amount would be filled in. Then would come
labor of boxing and putting awaj'. The next item would be for care and space
occupied by the seed flats, made at the time of pricking off. Then would come
cost of pricking off into two-inch pots, a memoranda of the time taken or of
the number finished in a day would give you the basis for estimating this
amount. Then if they are cleaned or handled before being shifted, a charge is
made for the time. The next charge would be made at the time they were
shifted into three-inch pots, this being the same method adopted when they
were potted into two-inch, and so on, the system being pursued until the plants
are sold. In case the plants were purchased or imported their cost and duty and
freight would be entered instead of seed, all the subsequent charges being simi-
lar. In determining what charge to make for space occupied, the knowledge
that we have already obtained from the set of books submitted regarding the
cost of operation, and further the determining of the cost of operation per
square foot of bench space, shows us that the cost of operation is fifty cents
per square foot of bench space, and charges on that basis would be made.
If catch crops are put in that only occupy the benches for a short while the
charges would be heavier against the crops grown in winter than in summer.

42

PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

KENTIA BELLMOREANA, Per 1000

Kentia Bellmoreana 10,000

Preparing soil, planting and placing

Care and space feet weeks

Potting into 2 inch, preparing and placing

Cleaning

Care and space feet weeks

Shifting into 3 inch, preparing soil and placing

Cleaning and re-staging

Care and space feet weeks

Shifting into 4-inch, preparing soil and placing

In ascertaining the cost of production of geraniums a card with the follow-
ing notations would be used, the items being on the same general line as for
the palms.

GERANIUMS, Per 1000

Cuttings

Making and placing in sand

Care and space feet weeks

Potting into 2 inch, preparing soil and staging

Cleaning

Care and space feet weeks

Shifting into 3 inch, preparing soil and staging

Cleaning

Care and space feet weeks

Shifting into -t inch, preparing soil and staging

A third card is shown giving memoranda for ascertaining the cost of pro-
duction of carnation plants when readj to house from the field.

CARNATION PLANTS, per 1000

1
Cuttings

Making and placing in sand

Attention and spate feet weeks

Boxing, preparing soil and placing

Attention and space feet weeks

Benching

Attention and space feet weeks

Preparing ground and planting

Cultivation

I think that from the foregoing any one that is at all interested in this
subject can work out a system of accounts and cost record that will prove satis-
factory and profitable and that will be of permanent value. It may take a little
time to work it out and keep it in operation but there is a vast amount of satis-
faction as well as profit in knowing exactly what you are doing, and the more
exact this knowledge is the more valuable it becomes.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 4S

President Burton invited discussion of the paper.

Mr. W-M. Scott, of Buffalo, N.Y., said he was apprehensive
that, owing to the defective acoustic properties of the hall, the paper
had not been heard by all persons present. For himself he could say
that he had gained a great deal of knowledge from it, and he hoped it
would be read by the members when it appeared in the published
report of the proceedings. He added that he thought it must be con-
fessed that, of all business men, the average florist was the most
slovenly and knew the least as to where he actually stood in the matter
of his bookkeeping. He thought that the essayist had illustrated, for
the benefit of the florists, some most excellent methods in which they
could manage their business in a better way and moved a vote of
thanks to Mr. Tesson for that gentleman's able paper.

Mr. P. O'Mara, of New York, in seconding Mr. Scott's
motion, went on to emphasize the thought expressed by that gentle-
man that the average florist is not a very good bookkeeper, but he
said he did not want any of his hearers who were in this category to
feel distressed on that account. He continued :

The late Peter Henderson, who was unquestionably a most successful
florist, did not have, as many other florists have not, a very elaborate system of
bookkeeping, but his was a simple one. His son-in-law, who was an expert
bookkeeper and a very successful business man, came into the greenhouse one
day when I was present, and in the course of conversation pointed out to the
head of the firm that he ought to have a better system of bookkeeping. He
said, " Why, you won't Ue able to tell, at the end of the year, where your income
comes from ; you may be losing money on your greenhouse and making money
in your seed store, or the contrary may be the case." The old gentleman, plac-
ing his hat on the back of his head, replied, "I tell you, Jim, if you take in all
you can get and carefully watch all that goes out, you won't go ver_y far wrong. "^
[Laughter and applause.]

jMr. Scott's motion, tendering thanks to ]Mr. Tesson, was car-
ried with applause.

NOMINATION OF OFFICERS.

On motion of Mr. A. Gude, of Washington, D.C., seconded by
Mr. A. Graham, of Cleveland, Ohio, nominations for officers for the
ensuing year were invited.

44 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Mr. P. O'Mara of New York. Mr. President, in reviewing the qualifica-
tions necessary for a standard bearer of our Society it is fair to assume that we
will give due weight to his loyalty to the organization, the work he has done
for it as far as he has had an opportunity to do any, his personal dignity, his
ability to manage a Convention, and, most important of all perhaps, whether he
possesses the magnetism or the qualities thai conduce to bring out the best efforts
of the officers and of individual members of the Society-. In addition to these
considerations I think it is well to bear in mind the fact that we are not strictly
a trade organization : that we broadened our field of action when acquiring our
charter by adding to our title: that we are "Ornamental Horticulturists," and
have within our ranks men who are not actively engaged in the trade. I think,
therefore, we would be warranted in selecting from outside of the ranks of those
engaged in the trade one who is in every way eligible to the position of Presi-
dent of the Society.

I recognize that there is no dearth of excellent material in this Society,
and that it would be quite difficult to nominate any member of it who would
not make a'good President, but I think the gentleman whom I have in mind
unites in himself as well as, perhaps better than, any other the elements of
successful leadership, and is eminently worthy of the suffrages of 'all the mem-
bers of this Society. I take great pleasure in presenting to the Convention the
name of Professor John F. Cowell of Buffalo. [Applause.]

Mr. J. D. Cakmody of Evansville, Ind., (rising to a question
of order while Mr. O'Mara %vas speaking) , said that his understand-
ing was that, under the rules, nominations were required to be made
without comment or recommendation.

President Burton replied that the point of order was not well
taken. He explained that there had been a prohibition against com-
plimentary speeches during nominations, but this had been abandoned
several years ago.

Mr. Wm. Scott of Buffalo, replying to Mr. Carmody, reminded
that gentleman that personal compliments had been prohibited for
some three years because, on a previous occasion, the privilege had
been abused by a member who not only extolled the virtues of one
candidate, but sought to disparage the merits of others by deprecat-
ing what he assumed to be their vices and failings. The custom had
been restored, however, and, as a result, the metnbers had been favored
with Mr. O'Mara' s eloquent speech. Mr. Scott continued :

Buffalo has been honored in the choice of one President and the holding
of two Conventions there and, if the invitation received from Niagara Falls is
accepted — that being a suburb of our city — we will have had three Conven-
tions. Before coming to this citv I had not heard the name of John F.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 45

Cowell, our much respected Professor, mentioned' in connection with the Pres-
idency, so that we brought no boom for Mr. Cowell from our home ; but when
it was mentioned I said, "By all means he should be chosen; we would be
delighted to honor him." Here let me say, Mr. President, that the true estimate
of a man's character is to be found in what his neighbors think of him ; and I
assure vou that there is no man in w-estern New York more respected or more
looked up to than is Professor Cowell. His knowledge of botany is most
extensive; he is one of the best botanists in North America, or, more strictly
speaking, in the Eastern States. No man has a wider knowledge of horticulture,
and above all, none can give to the chief office of this noble Society more dig-
nity than can our beloved citizen, John F. Cowell. [Applause.]

Mr. E. G. GiLLETT of Cincinnati, Ohio, was the next speaker.
He said it was true, as Mr. O'Mara had stated, that there was an
abundance of material from which to select a man thoroughly capable
of filling the President's chair, but he did not agree with Mr. O'Mara
in drifting back to the East for a candidate. The Convention was
now going West. He would therefore place in nomination, as the
candidate of the hour, a young man of remarkable push and energy,
who had made the present Convention one of the best the Society ever
held — Mr. C. C. Polhvorth of ]Milwaukee.

Mr. J. W. C. Deake of Asheville, N. C, said the Convention
was now meeting in the West ; that it had made its boast that it was
a National Society, and, last year, had made good that boast by going
away down into one of the outer corners of the country. He wanted
to see another manifestation of the same spirit by the Society going
even further West. He therefore placed in nomination the name of
a man who, he said, had never absented himself from any Conven-
tion, who was always present, who had served on important com-
mittees from year to year, who was always ready to do his share of
the work of the Convention, and who had the interest of the Society
at heart as devotedly as any other member — Mr. John T. Temple of
Davenport, Iowa. [Applause.]

Mr. J. G. Esler of Saddle River, N. J., said it gave him great
pleasure to second the nomination of a man from the far West, Mr.
Temple.

Mr. J. A. Valentine of Denver, Col., said that on behalf of
the delegation from his State he took pleasure in seconding the nom-
ination of Professor Cowell.

-46 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Mr. H. A. BuNYARD, of New York City, placed in nomination
the name of Philip Breitmeyer, of Detroit. [Long continued
cheers.]

Mr. J. B. Nugent, Jr., of New York City, seconded Mr. Breit-
meyer's nomination.

On motion of Mr. E. H. Cushman, of Sylvania, Ohio, the nom-
inations for President closed.

Nominations for Vice-President were invited.

Mr. P. O'Mara, of New York City, suggested that, as the next
Convention M^ould be held in St. Louis, the delegation from that city
was expected to present a name for Vice-President.

Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, X. Y., said: Mr. President, I am not
delegated to mention the name of any gentleman from among the represen-
tatives of St. Louis, but there is one who is well liked hy all of them, a hard-
working man, who can be depended upon to take the greatest interest in the
affairs of our Society when we meet there — Mr. J. J. Beneke, of St. Louis.
[Applause.]

Mr. R. F. Tessox, of St. Louis, Mo. : I take great pleasure in seconding
Mr. Scott's nomination of Mr. Beneke for Vice-President of the S. A. F.

On motion of Mr. John N. May, of Summit, N. J., the nom-
inations closed.

Nominations for Secretary were invited.

Mr. John N. May, of Summit, N. J. : Mr. President, it is perhaps unne-
cessary for me to do anything more than just mention the name of William J.
Stewart, the present incumbent of the Secretaryship. While he cannot please
•every man, woman or child who is connected with this Society, I think he tries
to do his very best at all times, and if the members generally would only be a
little more considerate and give him responses to his inquiries I don't think
there would be any room for complaint. I therefore move the nomination of
our present Secretary, Mr. William- J. Stewart. [Applause.]

Mr. P. O'Mara, of New York City, seconded the nomination.

On motion of Mr. J. L. Dillon, of Bloomsburg, Pa., the nom-
inations closed.

Nominations for Treasurer were invited.

Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, N. Y., said: Mr. Beatty, of
Oil City, Pa.

A number of members seconded the nomination.

On motion of Mr. P. O'Mara, of New York City, the nomina-
tions closed.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 47

President Burton announced as the next business the reading
of a paper by Mr. John N. May on " Latest Advances in Green-
house Construction."

In view of the near approach of the dinner hour and the fact
(to which Mr. Wm. Scott here called attention), that the audience
was rapidly diminishing, the presentation of the paper was, on motion
of Mr. Scott, deferred until the evening session.

The remaining order of business, a roll-call of States for selec-
tion of State Vice-Presidents for 1904 — an item of business to which
Secretary Stewart, earlier in the session, had called attention as a
function which the Executive Committee regarded as most important
and therefore one in which all the delegates should be prepared to
take part — was also deferred until the evening session.

The morning session, a considerable portion of which had been
occupied by replies to inquiries for information concerning the dele-
gates' railroad return tickets, here closed and an adjournment was
taken until evenine.

SECOND DAY. EVENING.

The Convention re-assembled at 8.30 p.m.. President Burton
in the Chair.

floriculture at the ST. LOUIS exposition.

An address on this subject was delivered by Prof. F. W. Taylor,
Chief of the Departments of Horticulture and Agriculture at the
Exposition.

Mr. Taylor, upon being introduced by the Chair, said that as
the audience had assembled to hear an interesting illustrated lecture by
Mr. Whitnall, of Milwaukee, he felt it would be trespassing vxpon
their patience to introduce the subject of the great World's Fair at

48 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

St. Louis at length, and he would, therefore, confine his remarks
within ten or fifteen minutes. After referring to the selection of St.
Louis as the next meeting place of the society, he continued :

I want to speak more particularly to those who contemplate sending
exhibits to the Exposition and who may like to know what provision is being
made for the flowers, bedding plants and other things they may wish to present.
There are now on file applications for two-thirds of the out-door space available
for horticultural exhibits. We have almost fiftj' acres of space, which is a con-
siderably greater amount than was available for all the exhibits of the gardens
at the last great World's Fair. The grounds ai'e beautifully located about the
great Agriculture and Horticulture Buildings, which are situated on a hill by
themselves. There will be grouped upon that hill every possible form of agri-
cultural and horticultural exhibits. The two great buildings cover an area of
twentv-six acres of clear tloor space. In other exhibitions the galleries have
been figured upon as forming part of the area of ground covered, but that
which I have stated is the actual net amount of space, there being no galleries.
The interior of the buildings will be beautified with live plants, and provision
W'ill be made therein for everything that is requisite for man or beast in the way
of eating and drinking. The outdoor grounds have been laid off very artisti-
calh' and according to a plan which has met with the approval of the best flor-
ists and horticulturists, who have been there to inspect it. Some members of
vour profession have been there recently, and it was pleasant to us to listen to
their words of commendation of the arrangements we are making to take care
of their interests.

We propose to receive all material which w-e are able to use, expecting you
to send us the cream of what you have and to pay the freight on it to St. Louis.
We will do the rest. In the case of live plants and grasses we prefer that you
will attend to your own planting, in order that you may not be able to say later
on, if this or that thing that you have sent has not succeeded, it was the fault of
the unfortunate chief or of the " badly-trained gardener " in charge of that work
at the Exposition. After the stock has been planted we will assume all respon-
sibilitv for its care. When the time comes for its return we will take it up and
expect you to pay the return freight on it.

We propose to make the fifty acres of outside space a veritable garden.
We have already planted about ten thousand h^rdy roses. Within one month
from this time every acre of the rest of the space will be in fit condition for
planting, so that those of you who have perennials or shrubs or anything which
had better be planted during the present season, can arrange that it be done.
We will then be ready to start out in the early Spring, planting everything
which should be planted then, and handling the plants which come to us.

At no previous Exposition in the world's history has such liberal pro-
vision been made for the display of growing stock. It is fitting that this should
be so because St. Louis is practically the centre of a great territory which is
most wonderful in its agricultural and horticultural resources.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 49

The speaker went on to say that it was only in recent years that
a love of the artistic and beautiful in gardening had been given a
decided impetus. He spoke of the educational results to follow from
a comparison of the methods of the East and those of the West in
growing better flowers and in the higher type of landscape gardening.
He asked that all growers prepare exhibits. He continued :

I wish to mention a few points with regard to our preparedness for your
meeting next year. A splendid hall at the south end of the Agriculture Build-
ing and only a hundred yards from tfie Horticulture Building will be placed at
your disposal.- Adjoining this is a room in which you can hold an exhibition.
There is also a room for the officers and committees of the Society and a library
which will contain all the current horticultural literature that you will be likely
to want. All this is within the grounds and is accessible to you without cost.
There will be a great hotel on the grounds, at which low prices will prevail,
and you will be at liberty to stay within three or four hundred yards of the
place at which your meetings are held. We have tried to provide all con-
veniences and facilities necessary for your meetings. I bring you the greeting
of the Exposition and ask you to join us in bringing about the greatest exhibit
in floriculture America has ever seen. I am sure you will respond.

President Burton said he thought that many of the florists
present would be glad to avail themselves of the preparations made
for their convenience at the Exposition.

On motion of Mr. Ai.ex. Wallace, of New York, the thanks
of the Society were voted to Mr. Taylor for his interesting remarks.

latest advances IN GREENHOUSE CONSTRUCTION.

A paper on this subject by Mr. John N. May, of Summit, N. J.,
was read by its author. Mr. May prefaced the reading of his paper
with an apology for its brevity and any defects it might contain, as it
had been written by him while traveling on a railroad train.

The paper was as follows :

Air. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : Why I have been chosen to talk to
you on this subject is a conundrum to me. When your Secretary wrote me,
some two months ago, asking me to prepare a paper on this subject, I told him
that I was not in a position to do justice to it, as I have not any of the so-called
modern houses of my own, and have not had time to investigate them properly
in other places, and so declined to handle it. One week ago I received another
letter from him, reading somewhat like this : " I like to see your name on the
program, and am going to put it there and trust to Providence and you, as I
have done more than once before — so fire away. Yours, Stewart."

50 PROCEEDINGS OF" NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Now the weather is a little too warm to need fire at the present time,
besides I do not like the stoke hole well enough to go down there to make fires ;
coal is also too expensive to burn it unnecessarily.

Regarding the sentence " trust to Providence," here he is oft his base, and
the umpire should declare him out, because if he had given this subject to one
of the florists of that fine old city of Rhode Island you might have had an
interesting and instructive paper prepared instead of a running talk, as must
always be the result of anj-thing written on a train going at something less than
forty miles an hour, particularly when that train is practically full of florists
out for a royal good time, with many of them, though not full in the common
term, yet generally pretty merry. So, under these circumstances, I trust you
will not be too severe in your criticisms of uiy shortcomings in what I may
have to say about modern greenhouse construction, because this word "modern"
applies to all sorts and sizes of greenhouses, ranging from one of 6x8 feet all
the way to others 50 feet wide by 400, 500 or GOO feet long, and each and all of
these have their especial use and claim to modern construction.

Some are built of practically all iron, or rather steel, others of a combination
of iron and wood, others again of nearly all wood. Which of these is the most
desirable, all things considered, is yet an open question.

For the general florist, the first question to be considered, in building a
greenhouse, is the cost, and with many this is a very important matter, as every
additional dollar expended on it means additional yearly cost in interest on the
investment, for no matter how you figure it the monej' put into any kind of a
business should be charged with the interest yearly, whether it may be borrowed
money or ready cash on hand. This brings us face to face with the different
kinds of greenhouses most desirable to build.

In deciding this point the next question that comes up is that of durability
in conjunction with first cost.

If a house, say of any given size, costing fifty per cent more when built
of the most expensive materials than another of a cheaper grade of material,
but with the same quality of glass in each ; if the more expensive one can be
safelj- guaranteed to stand in good order for twice the length of time that the
cheaper one will, then it would be a safe investment to adopt the higher priced
one as a general rule. But this is another open question, Mhich I, for one,
would not like to venture an opinion on.

Many of our vounger florists will have ample opportunity to judge of this
in a few years.

That there have been improvements made in modern greenhouse building
within the last twenty years, no one will deny ; but not all the changes made in
construction can, I think, be called improvements.

The adoption of much larger glass with a corresponding lighter grade of
woodwork, producing, as it does, a much brighter light in the interior of the
greenhouse, is, unquestionably, an improvement in producing a better and
larger quantity of cut flowers during the dull, cloudy months of winter. But,

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 51

are such extra light houses any benefit for general plant culture? As a general
rule, I think, not.

Another point of improvement, considered so at least by many, is the size
of the greenhouse. It is an undisputed fact that a large volume of air enclosed
in a greenhouse, can be maintained at a more even temperature much easier
than a small volume can ; in other words, a house, say thirty feet wide by one
hundred feet long, can be kept at a much more even temperature than two
houses fifteen feet wide each by 100 feet long, the two having the same rela-
tive amount of glass and volume of air as the one larger one. This is an advan-
tage, especially as the consumption of coal is less to maintain an equal heat in
the large house than in the two small ones ; hence, the reason why some of our
live florists are building much larger houses than formerly.

Some will probably ask, what is the best form or style of house to build.'
This is purely a matter of choice wuth each one contemplating building, because
there are so many different forms in use, and all have their advocates; and as
far as my limited observation goes, almost all of them will produce good
flowers in quantity.

The system of ridge-and-furrow-built house without any partitions, leaving
a very large, clear, open space, or in other words, a large area, covered with
glass, certainly has many features to commend it. In a little trip around
among the florists' establishments last winter, I was particularly struck with
the fine, healthy growth and abundance of bloom (roses) which I saw in one
such a range of greenhouses near Chicago. I considered it at the time, the
best I saw in my whole trip.

There are also very large establishments, practically all built in this style,
around Toronto, Canada.

In other sections, I saw what is known as the short-span-to-the-south
style of house ; these never struck me as favorable for rose gi-owing especially ;
in fact, I have yet to see where any advantage is gained for any class of flowers
or plants by this method of construction, and it is certainly the most expensive
to heat of any system I know of, having much the largest area of glass exposed
to the north, for it has long been clearly demonstrated that glass exposed to
the north will require 25 to 30 degrees more fuel to maintain a given tempera-
ture under it, than glass facing the south — and in cold, hard weather with the
wind blowing from the north, or northwest, the difference is much greater
still.

Another style of house, which is gaining in favor to a large degree, is the
very wide house with equal span, each being a separate structure. These are
very light and have many points of advantage over the others named above and
for certain varieties of roses, such as American Beauties, they are certainly
much better adapted, when the side walls are made high enough to allow the
walk next to the side wall and with low benches or raised beds from the surface
■of even height all throughout the house.

Such very wide houses should have a double row of ventilators at the
ridge and side ventilators also, to give ample circulation of air in hot

52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE XINETEEXTH CONVENTION

weather; and as far as my observation and experience go should have a pitch
of the roof of 34 to 36 degrees ; or in other ^^ords, a fall of from 7^ to 8 inches
to the foot. This applies to all and every class of greenhouse, whether large or
small, for the production of cut flowers in winter.

In conclusion I would suggest that those contemplating adding new-
greenhouses carefully investigate each of the different classes of buildings
before deciding in every case. I think it would well repay them to see the
houses several times and under different conditions of weather, to enable them
to form a fair and correct opinion of which particular style of house will best
suit their purpose; and remember that soil and location of the greenhouse,
combined with proper management, are very large factors in producing the best
quality of flowers.

I thank you.

A round of applause for the paper was followed, on motion of
Mr. Heacock, of Wyncote, Pa., by a vote of thanks to Mr. May
for his very able essay.

DECORATIVE PLANTING OF HOME GROUNDS.

The remainder of the evening was occupied by a lecture on this
subject, delivered by ISIr. C. B. Whitnall, of Milwaukee, Wis.^
which was illustrated with stereopticon views.

The lecturer spoke as follows :

the DECORATION OF HOME GROUNDS.

By the decoration of a home I mean the addition and arrangement of such
things as will make it a beautiful home, or at least nearer beautiful than we find
it. Many homes cannot be made beautiful by a gardener. The architect very
commonly turns over to the gardener a proposition that is perplexing, not
altogether on account of the building he has erected, but the queer ideas he has
talked into the owner.

Imagine a man who has labored very hard for thirty years, confining him-
self so closely to the study of profit and loss on dry goods or some other special
line that his understanding of other things has not been well developed, a state
of affairs deplorably common with what we call our business men. He becomes
possessed with the idea that his appearance does not indicate the success he has
attained in business. An architect is employed to build a home. What the
architect may have to contend with we need not consider any more than to state
that he most alwa^'S encourages the idea that it is the show of expense that is to
draw the admiration and applause which he may hunger for. This is, I think,
the worst and most disagreeable factor which confronts art in ornamental hor-
ticulture of today. It is a mental condition we have to contend with.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 53

There are also physical conditions for which the architect is more or less
responsible, such as an English country church building put close to a street
corner. An English farmer may adapt himself to our city life, soon feeling so
much at home that we feel comfortable to have him with us, but his country
church never will look well hemmed in on a city lot. A gardener may remedy it,
but can never make it a success. It will never be beautiful outside of England,
and Old England is so changing that the causes which created that church just as
it is are being removed, so that a new church in England today, if built like the
old ones, would not be beautiful. The gardener cannot make it so. He may
cultivate beautiful objects about, which in themselves possess beauty, but the
tendency will be in the direction of competition rather than harmony.

What can you do for an English family living in a Swiss cottage situated
on an Illinois prairie? There you have a shelter which has been the outcome
of the ingenuity and acquired characteristics of a people living in a moun-
tainous country. To an English family it will be a misfit, and the prairie Avith
its monotony will cause the building and the family to appear like awkward
intruders. The attemj)t of a gardener to harmonize these differences can only
be a compromise, which in time may gradually evolve into a new order of
things and become natural ; then it may be beautiful, not before. Although
there may be much in nature lacking beauty, nothing can be beautiful unless
it conforms to the requirements of nature.

The point I wish to emphasize is that any manipulation of the landscape
which is not natural in itself and does not harmonize with the custom and
usage of the animal life in and about it, cannot be beautiful, and all that we
decorate for is to create or enhance beauty.

A path through a wood is most always beautiful. There is something
about it which almost any one appreciates. Also a country path not entirely
enclosed by wood is frequently the more beautiful of the two. The path is our
view point of the country. Our impressions and love of the country are created
almost entirely by bringing our nature, a step at a time, into harmony with the
benefits and beauty of vegetation. Haven't you noticed how all the most per-
fect leaves and branches contrive to face an open pathwa_y.' and that a greater
variety is found along a pathway?

The first traveler did not create such a path, nor the second. At the
beginning many routes were taken. Gradually, without open discussion or
even conscious consideration, we have taken a vote, the majority being of about
the same temperament. The variation in travel is lessened until a defined
impress is finally made, and when the minority adopts the line of least resist-
ance it becomes unanimous, vegetation falling into line, the shady nook, the
bleak point, the wet and dry portion, each select their favorites from the supply
of seed carried along by wind or animal, thousands and millions perishing that
we may have the benefit of the fittest. This is nature's slow and industrious
method of bringing about results that always terminate in love and beauty.
It is the history of the country- path.

54 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Did it ever occur to you that paths are alwaj's beautiful, while walks laid
out by a single individual seldom are? Sometimes a manufactured walk
becomes a path — an occurrence too rare. The principal reason why the country
is considered more beautiful than the city is due to the more natural method of
adopting and maintaining the highways and byways. Yet they are constantly
being obliterated by what is called improvements. I am sorry that tlie land-
scape gardener finds it necessary to follow in the wake of the improvement
agitator. Of course it may be argued that there is where he is most needed, the
same as the army surgeon follows the destructive army, but I do hope the
time is not far distant when the landscape gardener, as a sub-division of the
depai-tment of Forestry, together with the co-operation of our Health depart-
ment, will be given precedence over the ordinary architect and grading
contractor. It does seem a pity that we begin some of our most important
efforts at the roof and work down to the foundation, struggling so long with
innumerable complications necessarily arising during such procedure, ■with
disasters outnumbering successes until, by our many failures, nature, untiring,
never missing an opportunity of setting a good example, very quietly and
gently transforms our failures into beauty spots. Many a millionaire's resi-
dence becomes beautiful after the owner has lost his fortune; many a town site,
once beautiful, destroyed by man's ambition, returns to beauty after man
acknowledges himself a failure.

The class of people among us whom we call artists, who make a specialty
of studying and portraying beauty, and persist in setting before us illustrations
of what they consider beautiful, and who are doing much to bring us to a realiz-
ation of our errors, is continually ridiculed by the element eager to make a
display of wealth, for wasting so many canvasses on what they call ruins, or
what I prefer calling nature's healing of man's failures. How queer it seems to
me to see a person pay $2,000 for a canvass depicting a beautiful bit of landscape
of a country walk, hang it up in his parlor to be admired, at the same time
employing a gardener to prevent the real thing from forming outside his own
window.

Illustrations of expensive homes are most always photographs. The
artist whose ambitions are idealistic will not waste his time on them. Those
that are made are for the purpose of tickling the vanity of the owner, and are
called " pot boilers." So strongly has this worship of money and consequent
display of wealth taken hold of people that the home beautiful has come to
mean to many the home expensive ; and when we get here we are as far wrong
as we can ever get.

Our homes can never be truly beautiful w'hile they are situated in a city so
governed by boundaries, grades, ordinances and distorted ideas as to place paths
in the category of impossibilities. I wonder what percentage of people fail to
notice the persistent and unconscious effort of the public to establish paths,
notwithstanding the fact that our laws make it a criminal offence. Many never
stop to think that at least 95 per cent of travel in a city is from its extremities
to center and back again. With this fact in mind try to imagine the w-aste

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 00

travel daily in the zigzag movements we make. Railway corporations find it
economy to go as directly to the station as possible, consistent with necessary
grades. It is strange we allow the locomotive privileges which we deny
ourselves.

This effort to lay out a town in squares is a fatal mistake that cannot be
overcome in our efforts to beautify our homes. The distance alone is not all
the waste. The travel of squares forces us onto hills and into holes, and acting
on the theory that two wrongs make a right, we cut down the hills to fill the
holes ; the natural contour of the land is destroyed, the natural beauty is sacri-
ficed for an imaginary necessity or false economy.

Of course roads should be built, but build them to accommodate our
natural desires. Many cross-roads make cross people, while short cuts always
o-ive relief to whoever may have occasion to use them, and the main channels
of travel will have our unanimous approval, if our natural inclinations and
necessities be the governing influence in building them.

A person Avho lays out a road or walk without understanding and conform-
ing to these characteristics of humanity insures a contest with the public.
Every sign you see "Keep off the Grass," " No Trespassing," and every bar-
rier pvit up to divert travel, and evei"y, corner or projection of a lawn or garden
trampled down in opposition to the manifest desires of the designer, is conclu-
sive evidence that the contest is on.'

The landscape gardener, engineer or architect should never lose sight of
the fact that utility is the foundation of beauty. Fads and fashions may create
a ripple of enthusiasm where ingenuity is paid a high price for tickling vanity,
but common-sense never leaves the utility idea, and fashion mongers are obliged
to return to it continually, whence they make a fresh start. The most charming
example of the utility idea to look upon, is a model human being, with
strength of stature and muscle, with mind and senses so well developed as to
easily administer to himself all that may be necessary for self-preservation
and happiness. In proportion to his ability to do this as we may judge well and
proper, we call him more or less beautiful. It is the utility idea that first
establishes the standard of beauty. After it becomes well fixed in our minds
we are apt to use our model as a pattern, and forget that it is the fittest that has
survived the contest with necessities, and that as our necessities change our
model should change also. A landscape gardener should wear the word
" Utility " in his hat.

If he should understand the indispensable use of shrubbery for the protec-
tion of trees, and vice versa, or the complete mosaic arrangement of its foliage
for sufficient elaboration of its sap for future growth, whereby the destruction
of lower limbs will destroy not alone its beauty but its equilibrium in its vari-
ous functions for self-preservation, for we feel for a tree without its lower
branches as we do for a man Avho has lost a leg, he shovild understand that to
maintain a very large specimen of a tree, sheltered protection from direct influ-
ence of sun and wind must be provided for. Its feeders should reach to one or
more secluded nooks where the deposit of vegetable matter is continuously sup-

56 PROCEEDIXGS OF NINETEENTH CdN\'ENTION

plied and moisture conserved, thereby producing such conditions as would give
rise to and maintain a fern bed. He should appreciate the utility of the hun-
dreds of perennial roots which succeed each other in their short period of
attractiveness, where one comes up early and protects its neighbor while it is
awakening, then goes to sleep for the balance of the year, folding its dry leaved
around the stem of its neighbor which now, having reached the climax of its
attractiveness, requires just that much of a mulch ; each one attracting its
favorite insect or variety of animal life in some form or another to aid in the
fertilization and distribution of its seeds, and others to devour those that
become too numerous or aggressive, some bearing seeds for birds which in turn
feed on the insect which is most harmful, etc. If the landscape gardener does
not know these truths, and if he does not stop to consider that evei-y tree, bush
or wild flower which we call native has become so by the automatic manipula-
tion of forces by the divine Architect whereby each plant is protected b}' the
necessities of the other, he will be sure to promote instead of pi-event such a
calamity as we are now experiencing in the destruction of our trees. But if he
does not consider these things who can blame him? People do not care to pay
for such careful consideration; they pay only for immediate results which
accrue to their own personal benefit, be it real or imaginary. Such a person is
classified and given a place with the sentimental, poetical missionary.

While women wear birds, abhor the sight of the earth worm, admire the
torture of grass spread out in front of the house with its lungs cut out, and
allow trees to be treated like telegraph poles, and must have all effects immedi-
ately after an impulse is felt, and while their husbands measure the desirability
of all things by the cash value put upon them, it is no wonder that homes are
not better decorated.

When I speak of the landscape gardener having to do the decorating, I
think of him as in the capacity of a physician — the best one does not have the
most healthy patients, he usually has the larger number of them and signs
the greatest number of death certificates. But if he is conceded to be the best
gardener, it is because the people recognize his influence for better conditions
and allow him more freedom in the exercise of his individuality in their behalf
than is customary, but even then there will soon develop such conditions as
represent the character of the owner.

A few years ago I escorted the late Dr. Dudley to a funeral house to con-
duct the ceremonies for the funeral of an elderly gentleman. The Doctor had
never been in the house, never met any of the family or known of it through a
mutual friend, yet his address was so well fitted to the deceased as to astonish
many present. He came early, examined the books, pictures, instruments and
all things about the house which had any connection with the deceased's habit
of life. When such things tell the story so accurately, all vegetation, far more
sensip;ive and pliable to our will or usage, will interpret in less time and more
plainly, and if it represents the owner or care-taker, the ideas or skill of the
gardener who first lays out or arranges a place is soon lost sight of. Our char,
acter marks are left on everything which may chance to come within the radius

SOCIETV OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 0/

of our influence. These marks as thej multiply become either stains or deco-
rations.

I hope that these foregoing remarks will make sufficient!}' clear to jou the
meaning of what I wanted to say at the outset, that is, the first essential for a
beautiful home is to have beautiful people live in it. It would prevent many a
conscientious gardener from becoming discouraged, to understand this fact, and
think it over every time he undertakes a new job.

Now, if you please, I shall employ the assistance of a camera. It's a quiet,
unassuming companion of mine, and a medium of transmission of feelings and
ideas. I owe it much. Many of my thoughts and pleasures everlasting have
come to me through the camera. If, in transferring a few of the effects upon
the screen, they reflect upon you a small part of the pleasure they have afforded
me, I shall be gratified and feel that you have some of the best I have to give.

I have spoken to you about the influence of character upon the vegetation
surrounding the owner's home. Perhaps many of you have not noticed how
true this is. If you look at a horse and wagon you can imagine what the driver
is, or you can make a very good guess at what kind of a home a dog has, but
you have not been in the habit of judging people by what the supreme Archi-
tect may have seen fit to let grow about him, (photo 1). Please look at these
two elm trees upon a farm. Do you see any happiness, harmony or content
there, or anything well done.? Do you find within you any desire for the
owner's acquaintance.? (photo 2). Now let us look at two other elms on
another farm. You are passing such differences everyday; not only do you
pass them, but you help to make them (photo 3). Would you be afraid to stop
over night with a family who spend their leisure hours under this tree.?

Now, if you please, I shall speak of an entirely different feature entering
into our artificial landscape or home decoration, a feature in which our catalogue
men figure largely, and are deserving of much credit, some of them, for the
appreciation which they have generated by their method of riveting the atten-
tion of readers to the individuality of different plants. There is something
about our makeup that is interesting, of which the catalogue men and trade
journals have been taking advantage. I will not attempt to account for it any
more than to explain what I mean, and will say to those publications that I rec-
ognize full well the good they have done and are doing, but it is time they
broadened out more than they are doing.

You know how the sympathy of a whole community can be aroused at
times by the suffering of a single individual, when the loss of hundreds without
knowing the details is taken but little notice of, or how we suffer from a scratch
when a mortal wound is not felt, or how a single song will arouse our better
impulse when an orchestra will be but a noise of disturbance. Well, we have
been taking a single plant at a time and working the people artfully to make
sales. They send off hundreds of miles for a plant at a good price, not nearly as
well adapted to their needs as some they tread on at home, but they appreciate
the one they pay for, and the one they have had explained to them. They have
learned to read and exercise their imagination. They were never taught gar-

58 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

dening, so they are just ripe for the catalogue maker's harvest. Do you remem-
ber how thousands of people sent from all over the country for a vine seedling
gathered in our southern swamps? Most all had better stuff at home, but did
not know it, or even know that they wanted anything. It's the energy of the
catalogue man in disseminating the desire for something to plant and look at
tiiat we thank him for. Even when he resorts to humbugging, as some do, it
has not been barren of some good results (photo 4). This spirea is a beautiful
shrub for ten days, but don't you see that it came by express and was planted
without regard to its fitness for tne situation ?

(Photo 5). Here is one that appears to have been understood. I want to
show it because it is not properly appreciated. The forsythea, covered with its
yellow bell-shaped flowers in April, can easily be grown up the side or corner of
a house as if it were a vine, (photo G). This is the same plant in June after
flowers have faded and foliage fully developed (photo 7). Here we have a beau-
tiful little standard, the double-flowered crab. A tree agent called and talked
them into buying something. When it was delivered this was a convenient
place — most out of the way — but it has since attracted the admiration of the
neighborhood ; others have been somewhat enthused, and they begin to look
over fences to see who has anything better than they have. That tree agent
planted seed that is germinating. These lonesome plantings suggest a com-
parison to the state of affairs described by Mark Twain in speaking of the mis-
sionaries distributing clothing among the Sandwich Islanders, after which they
came to church, one wearing a hat, another a collar and tie, another a coat, etc.
(Photo 8) This is the same tree after flowers have faded and foliage has devel-
oped. (Photo 0) Here is an individuality that will entertain you a minute a
day for three weeks on a clipped lawn. It is simply a beginning; it is appre-
ciated first, then something is added. Additions are continued until there is
established a comfortable co-ordination of various characters, displaying that
harmony of nature that is gratifving to our senses at all times, of a person who
has always been unconscious of the beauty and grandeur of vegetation. You
never know what little plant may arouse the dormant emotions (Photo 10). .
This is an extremely delicate-looking vine, a hardy biennial. You can easily
raise all you want from a 10-cent paper of seed and never be without it after,
but give it the companionship of something more woodsy than a porch pillar.
Suppose we put along the base a large-foliaged plant and at the further corner
a tree that can be grown slender at the base and arch over, something like the
foreground of (photo 11) this picture. If you can imagine the foreground of
one and the back of the other combined you will have a combination of plants
that appeared to be fond of (photo 12) their home. Now this next arrangement
is pretty in itself, but as a home decoration it appears to have lost its affection.
Why is there nothing closer to the house? I think the original owner must
have died while these plants were young and the step-father is a keep-your-dis-
tance sort of a person, (photo 13). The next individual is not only lonely, but
makes the house sort of cross-eyed. It got there before the house did. I will
not criticise the situation for fear of hurting my own feelings, but wish you to

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 5^

take a good look at the tree. This aralia and the ailanthus are two of the most
beautiful and satisfactory trees there are for house decoration. There has been
an unwritten law come into recognition which I want to break. It seems to
prevent people from allowing anj'thing to form part of the house embellishment
but vines. We want vines to tie together, or hold and intertwine, to weave
nature's mantles of shelter, lending grace and protection to the tree in compen-
sation for its strength of support and endurance. The tree and vine have
evolved together, and we must continue to use them so. The house may be
used as a substitute at times and vice versa, but we cannot afford to make the
house relieve either tree or vine entirely ; we want the co-operation for physical
welfare, and beauty will be the result (photo 14). This photo will help to
explain. The clematis is showy and thrifty and the porch railing is a tolerable
substitute for a natural support, but the house is still bare or bleak. If this
little bashful tree would move up to the base of the steps and assist the vine in
draping the porch roof, and if close by the bay window a graceful canopy of the
ailanthus tree were suspended, we would feel that the owner Avas more com-
panionable with nature, and that her soothing influences were being exerted for
his peace and tranquillity (photo 15). This next photo will show you such a
condition in an early stage of development. There are both the aralia and ailan-
thus and the vines are just making each other's acquaintance. Some shrubbery
set out last fall along the base has failed ; a few castor beans have been enlisted
for temporary assistance. If in four years from now this place will look as
though no gardener ever touched it, it will be beautiful, because nature will have
found a congenial spot on which to vegetate (photo 16).

This shows another place with about the right start, but here the tree
failed, while the shrubbery started off with a flourish. The tree was to have
been a gingo or maiden-hair tree, near the corner of the porch, with the cut-leaf
sumac at base. In selecting trees for such a situation, it is most always desirable
that they be varieties that by their nature spread at the top. A pyramidal form,
as a chestnut, never gets on friendly terms with anything the architect builds
(photo 17). Here is a clematis, same age as the one shown on porch of a lone-
some house a short time back. Notice how much more comfortable and sooth-
ing to our senses it is to look upon. It is the trees that change the effect. It's
this sort of gardening, if carried out to its perfection or failure, that will
prevent or promote nervous prostration. There is now a persistent demand for
a vine that covers walls closely ; a great mistake to adopt such an idea and
carry it out at every opportunity. Better to use the suspending varieties as
much as circumstances will permit, and have the use of the close-clinging vine
the exception rather than the rule (photo 18). Here is an individual bitter-
sweet vine, showing what I mean by a suspending vine. It is half tree and half
vine, and takes either or both forms as may be required. This individual has
covered a ti-ee. Many people wonder what kind of a tree it is. For this part
of the country it is the most satisfactory vine we have. With a few feet of
copper wire you can attain almost any desired result (photo 19). You will
notice here the bittersweet vine will soon reach the tree, and the large arches

60 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

that will immediately be formed, will take on the form of a beautiful tree. If
the large maple at the back were further to the right, screening the neighbor's
straight corner chimney, and if the vines were encouraged to cover the roof of
the back porch, leaving the side open, theie would be a charming vista viewing
Lake Michigan (photo 20). I haven't a lake ^'i6ta to show vou, but this one of
Milwaukee river will show vou what I mean by a vista. You can often make a
small place appear extensive by covering or screening the undesirable near-bv
objects and providing this sort of openings over neighbor's grounds, particu-
larly where there is water which is always changing its mood (photo 21). It is
stretching a point to call this a vista, but you will notice here that it's the
neighbors that beautify this place to a large degree. The display of clipped
grass and cement walks is deplorable. The possibilities are encouraging, the
probabilities are saddening. I have heard that a building of flats is being
designed for this breathing spot (photo 22). The reason this looks so congenial
is the civilized part is so low that you cannot see it, but the camera had to be
carefully adjusted in order that the street should not intrude (photo 23). Even
the clumps of perennials require companionship — we will not say for support,
as with the vines, but for protection. Everything of this sort should be ushered
into prominence each season by an advance guard of a harmonious nature, and
should be screened from view when its time for rest and decline arrives, or else
your garden will be sad and lonesome before autumn (photo 24). Here is an
example of the trees helping the vines. The willow over the shed, with its
foliage lighter than the heavy tree beyond, gives you a satisfaction that could
not be gained by vine alone, particularly close-clinging vines (photo 25). Here
is an example where the building is larger and thoroughly covered, but the
cut-leaf maple close by the corner causes the building to look less formal and
out of harmony with surroundings. This picture is by no means satisfactory,
but it illustrates possibilities of trees being used to great advantage with vines
about buildings (photo 26). This house has a good beginning. The windows
have a clear view up each of two streets, yet the clapboards and shingles are
not what you are impressed with when you look toward it (photo 27). Now
we look at another house, also facing two streets, and in place of one tree there
are several. Notice how your attention is almost riveted to the stone founda-
tion and the sharp terrace on which it is built. I have seen wooded land which
had been used for pasturing cows that was trimmed that way by their browsing.
When we see such results we exclaim, '"What a pity to allow the cattle to
destroy so much for pasturage I " but when done by the owners of a $60,000
residence we look for excuses, and then try and imitate (photo 28). Let us
look at another side of the same house, where some trees have died. You see
there is a large, substantial house. Fifty years ago, before this house was
thought of, this was a beautiful place, with a -bright, sparkling spring finding
its way to the lake. The land was inexpensive. Today it is quite expensive,
stiff and depressing. The spring water still runs into the lake — they can't stop
it, but it is covered up : that terrace was made very even for very particular
people — they never begrudge a few dollars for doing a thing well ; the lawn is

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 61

barbered very carefully and regularly; the gutters are not only carefully made
of stone, but they are swept with a broom every Saturday, and when it becomes
fashionable they even put a necktie of cotton on the trees, etc. Well, there is
no use drawing plans for such conditions. You must begin on the inside to
work (photo 29). This next place has much the same objectionable features of
trees, but there has been a sturdy undergrowth. It grew all in a day. I refer
to the iron fence to keep the children off of the grass they themselves chop to
pieces. If they would fill up between these fences with shrubbery and vines,
smash their lawn mower and sprinkler, the conflict would disappear to a great
extent (photo 30). This next one is not so uncomfortable. The view is made
attractive and somewhat cozy by the framing of the view with large trees at
either side, but these trees are suffering by the bareness of the ground. The
foreground of the picture requires an undergrowth. The fashionable walks and
lawns afford no protection or conservation of moisture or nutrition (photo 31).
This shows where the vulgarity of a large dwelling has been slightly remedied
by the planting of shrubbery and perennials along the base of the house. A cut-
leaf birch upon the corner partly covering the space between bay window and
chimney, also a poplar up and back of the rear corner would easily improve
this place. If it were not for the pernicious use of the lawn mower around the
growths of shrubbery we would have many a volunteer outbreak of growths
like this (photo 32), and a week later it would be something else. In spite of
all the drawbacks to carpets there seems to be a determination for having our
lawns like a carpet.

While we have in mind the arrangement of trees about our house, I want
to show you a picture that expresses a whole volume (photo 33). Look hard;
if you do so, this will have become fixed in your memory, and every time you
think of it, you may notice that your daily successes are dove-tailed with or
inseparable from ideas that appear to be rooted in the ground all about this
beautiful home.

Now just a few words about walks (photo 34), This shows a house just
made over, the grading has been done and grass seed sown ; the place for walk
to front door was of course arranged in front of porch steps, there was no other
way; as the architect made the mistake, the gardener could not remedy it. The
travel is all to the left of the front door; the street car, the grocer and all traffic
generally is to the left. If the porch steps had come out the near corner they
might have been more easy and beautiful, but taking things as they are, the
way to the back door must be provided. Ninety-nine per cent of people have
this walk branch off from the front steps and encircle the building, so that the
grocer boy would have to go to the right one hundred feet and wind part way
back at various angles before he feels that he is moving in the desired direc-
tion. Then you can hear'the mistress scolding in the telephone, telling her
grocer that if that boy crosses her lawn again, she will order her goods else-
where. At this place there has been no temper wasted on that account ; the
grocer's path is the better of the two. As he is obliged to pass the neighboring
house before reaching the lawn, he finds the path ready for him just as he turns.

€2 PROCEEDINGS OF NIXETEEXTH COXVEXTIOX

He follo\vs it directly back until in sight of the door, then turns across the lawn
without waste of energy. He iinds no trouble in keeping off the lawn. (Photo
■35) This shows same place two seasons later, with the exception of a few feet
in front; that walk has become a path. This place would soon be comfortable
if it were not for the bareness of the foreground under the large trees.

(Photo 36) Do you notice how nature has begun to reclaim the unused
portions of this walk? She is unlawful, but so persistent that the sympathy
and admiration of home builders will yet change our customs, then our laws,
so that our city walks will become paths, differing only from the country paths
in width and sti-ength. (Photo 37) Just why this walk must have the boards or
stones so exact and the grass kept cut down below the life-line is more than I want
to learn. You might just as well take a large brush and write the word " citified.''
(Photo 3S) Another view in our parks : it's a walk again. What a tedious job to
pick and pick away, fighting nature's determination to cover up so much glaring
and useless ston^. The displa_y of paths in our parks is a caution, and while so
much labor is being spent on them, we are told the city cannot afford to care
for the many grand old trees that are suffering and dying as fast as indiffer-
ence will permit. If the fence in the distance is of any use I wonder why thej'
cut away all the goldenrod, asters and other wild plants that have surely made
many efforts to locate there, being just as ready to beautify a fence in town as
in the covmtry though we do not allow them to do so. I often wonder whether
I shall ever have eyes to really see beauty in a large lawn of clipped grass (photo
39;. T can enjoy a field of clover or grass when allowed to develop the best
efforts for which nature has given it a place, also the odor of the drying hay,
which, accompanied as it is with the idea of economy and thrift, is always grati-
fying (photo 40). If a few genial daisies have drifted in I would not turn them
away without affording them a show. The growth of such fields, be they large
or small, as they approach perfection from day to day, is always pleasant.
There is that gradual working up to more and more beauty until the final
climax, then try again, which we participate in with something of the same
sympathy we have for a fellow being. If it were not so Ave would not be fond
of flowers, and the city person of refined taste and culture for the music of the
lawn mower and other fashions would not be so much the loser. This lawn-
grass question is important enough to discuss for a whole evening, but I have
doubtless said enough to antagonize most of you so I had better switch off.

I wish now to speak of a very important difticulty frequently met with in
successfully beautifying homes by planting. It is a matter more carefully con-
sidered bv the forester than the gardener; the reason for that is that the forester
is a broad-gauged person, looking to the welfare of mankind. The gardener
looks to individual interests, but the forester is beginning to see that we suffer
for the indifference we feel for our neighbor (photo 41).

You must know that you may expose yourself to a strong wind of a prairie
and suffer no harm, but you may sit by a crack in a wall and be killed with the
«ame air under less pressure. You know how you blow a spoon of soup to cool
it, and how vou breathe on your hands to warm them, the difference in tern-

SOCIETY OF AJNIERICAN FLORISTS. 63

perature being caused by jour lips. Now trees withstand wind, they suffer
from draughts, and everj-thing which naturally grows under and about trees
suffers from the same causes. If you go in the woods during a blizzard you can
see the disturbance overhead, but the snow falls about you as fitting the pictures
of fairyland. Even if you cut aw^ay the forest, leaving only a square section of
trees standing exposed on all sides, the outer edges will be filled hy accelerated
growth in three seasons (photo 42), but in the city these remedies are not
permitted. Just look at this state of affairs. Currents of air, not doing much
harm where they enter, but considerable where^hey go out, and the combination
of shade and wind is in conflict with the acquired characteristics of things
which we must make use of. A plant that is adapted for shade cannot endure
a drying wind, and a plant grown to withstand wind is an open air plant. You
cannot get along with all large trees or all small trees — trees of any kind with-
out shrubbery or shrubbery without trees. The most difficult feature is the
buildings. We come across places where we are careful to make a failure.
I have barely finished one experience that has bothered me more than a little
for two seasons. Dahlias were desired; I picked out a place quite suitable, as
I thought. I was careful to get a choice assortment and pick out the best
tubers. The broken pieces and some decayed ones were thrown on the compost
heap. That compost heap got to look beautiful, but the mass of dahlias turned
out to be a mess of dahlias. There is a current of air which constantly comes
down between two buildings, no matter whether the wind blows north, south
or west, it's always worrying those dahlias. You can notice in the winter there
are places where there are always snow piles, and other places where it never
lodges, you will come across them when you least expect them, (photo 43), and
so far as the buildings are the cause on the square building lots, we must fill in
with the proper proportion of the different classes and natures of plants to
check and overcome these difticulties. This is the principal reason why our
Court House trees are so fast disappearing. There are remedies that will help
them, but they cannot thrive in an air chute and you will always have them
where trees are grown close together, trimmed up from the base and all under-
growth cut away. You may as well plant telegraph poles and picket fences and
accomplish the same end sooner and more directly.

(Photo 44) I do condemn the incessant use of the rake, lawn mowei" and
sprinkler. This photograph shows the conditions lacking in our Court House
Park, the two just shown of Grand Avenue and Juneau Park vicinity likewise
just for a comparative example (photo 45) show how the foliage should extend
down to the ground. Now for a more striking contrast, let us get right into the
woods. This place is in jSIilwaukee county : some of the trees must be of the same
age as our Court House trees, but the dissipation of city life has not played havoc
with them. We are ourselves to blame. Notice here the ground covering is not
a clipped lawn, no hose nor rake is used there, yet it's a good place for us gar-
deners to get into to wait and dream. It will absorb the conceit right out of
us. Move on a trifle further (photo 46), it gets more moist. Finally we come
to a depression holding water, a surplus from last rain. It has not been drained

64 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

off on account of a fashionable street being dug two feet below it, it has been
unmolested, the dead leaves and other decaying matter are just steeped in it;
the larger and heavier growths are not close by, it's the medium-sized and
more delicate plants. They not only find the dampness congenial, but veil the
ground so as to give it air without draught. The large trees (photo 47), join
hands over them and give them the protection from severe sun and wind.
They also run their stronger roots under the smaller plants to where they, by
their veiling, have kept the surface moist and have created more nutrition by
the more rapid decay of broken branches and other vegetation (photo 48).
What a pity these old settlers have no such security ; the possibilities are there,
but while the people at large care for but a plant at a time, they will be slow to
do for their trees or themselves what only can be done for the whole by the
whole.

These nooks in the woods are a trifle out of our beaten path ; we have not
been here very often, still the plants along are beginning to recognize us
(photo 49), and adapt themselves to our presence, leaving the way^ more clear.
The outline begins to show: as we get nearer home the path is more used and
more readily recognized (photo 50). From here we pass along the bay (51),
make a short cut through another wood (52), another turn to avoid a hill, every
step has its change of scenery, the last one feeling more glorious than the one
preceding (53); then w-e emerge through mosquito avenue to where the paths
turn either way. The one leading to the wagon road is the most direct, so to
save time we shall go that way (55).

(Photo 56) This roadway follows aside-hill, as you may judge by the railing
and other indications. I never took anyone with me over this route but who
would utter exclamations of admiration, but city folks seem to think that when
they leave the country and the October leaves begin to turn they have taken all
there is to be desired. We shall not stop to discuss this common error. The
changes of autumn and spring, with the meanings that go with them, are full
of charms, for which city people usually hunger without knowing what ails
them (photo 57). Let us see how the side hill looks in winter. Now- we shall
move on again (photo ^8). We come to a home; the house is not a mansion,
but it is snug in this side hill. Some people would say there is no house there
worth mentioning, others may say it's all house ; some of the lumber has been
cut, but the most of it is made use of standing on its own roots — it lasts longer
that way. Now when our city takes in more territory and we increase our
power of taxation and our bonded indebtedness in proportion, and cut the land
into squares, this old man will have to read his paper in a yard like this
(photo 59). We now come to a crossing of another path. This^ one is a water
path (photo 60). The locomotive has chosen to make a path alongside. We
do not regret this so much as we did some time ago, because our Uncle Sam
is acquiring more and more supervision over the railroad; he has become alive
to the importance of Forestry, so such places as this will be encouraged into
a harmony of action. After crossing the boat and locomotive path we branch
into a path leading to a house where we can get a drink of water (photo 61),

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 65

at least we think so and the entrance looks tempting. We soon come to an
open space and in view of the house we wished to call at (photo 62). We take
the brick walk to the kitchen door and are accommodated (photo 63). We
notice here that walks were once made but they have not been insisted upon
and are gradually changing into paths. Leaving the house we make our way
to a gate (photo 64). The path turns presently and we come to an open space.
We are a trifle tired physically, and almost to our journey's end. Our fretful
anxieties have come to mind frequently during the day. Each time they came
they seemed smaller and passed away. We feel stronger, perhaps we are, still
we want to sit down, the easier for nature to work upon us. The swaying of
the trees, the sounds caused by the breeze are gestures and music we are eager
to understand. We had let fall all prejudice that had found a place within us;
our spirit rises, having less to carry ; we become a part of the landscape and
feel almost in touch of what our hearts desire ; maybe we are brightened, yet
not without some shadows that seem to make the bright spots before us all the
more glorious, then we lose our mind in bewilderment until finally we read of
our feelings in the grass (photo 65). We are close by home now, and before
we get started again I wish to tell you something about the next and last four
pictures. The first three are given by the kind permission of that publication
which all horticulturists and naturalists should be proud of, " Country Life in
America," every page of which is an inspiration for good undertakings.

When we pass over that bridge which you see in the distance, and through
the trees, you will notice a pathway leading to the home we are desirous of
reaching. This pathway was made by a landscape gardener. You will see the
house in the distance ; you will not mind the distance, however, nor will you
regret the absence of the lawn mower or rake, nor will you hunger for the
straight lines of stoned edges. I think you will agree with me that it is a well-
done piece of naturalizing (photo 66). I regret my inability of showing you all
the way to the house. I will be obliged to take you quite close, leaving much
intervening beauty unseen (photo 67). Please take notice of the large trees, the
small trees, the fruit garden and other shrubbery, the vines and all that we have
considered this evening. I think that again you will agree with me that this
place is about right. (Photo 68) Now the same place in winter.

I have not attempted to lay down any rules. I could not if I tried.
I never do two jobs alike, nor do I want to. Whenever you find them so rely
upon it at least one is counterfeit. Whenever a banker finds two checks with
precisely the same signature they are turned over to a detective.

The words Always, Never, and Can't, you need not use, but the word Feel
or Feelings represent the mainspring of your success. Rules are used to per-
petuate mistakes or errors, because no rule ever fitted but one circumstance
exactly. No constitution ever fits its necessities the day after it was written.
I now want to show you a home, an inexpensive building, built for a person
whose individuality has not been deformed by the clasp of rules i^photo 70).
Nature has simply been encouraged in all her developments except where his
individuality came in conflict ; there he was given the preference. Of course

66 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

nature is the most expensive gardener we have, but she pays her own expenses.
We are best otit by employing her to take the lead and assisting her all we can.
How to do this will be indicated by signs and gestures from day to day. These
we must watch and strive to understand.

Adjourned until the following morning at ten o'clock.

THIRD DAY. MORNING.

Thursday, August 20, 1903.

The Convention reassembled at 10.30 a.m., President Burton in
the Chair.

OFFICERS FOR 1904.

The tirst business in order being the election of officers for 1904,
the following were appointed by the Chair to conduct the election :
Mr. John G. Esler, of Saddle River, N.J., Judge; Messrs.
George Burgevin, of Kingston, N.Y., J. J. Beneke, of St. Louis,
and Charles D. Ball, of Philadelphia, tellers.

Polls were opened immediately in the rear of the hall, and the
members of the Society proceeded to cast their ballots. The voting
continued during the morning. Meanwhile the regular orders of
business were proceeded with.

During the balloting, Mr. Lewis Ullrich, of Tiffin, Ohib,
announced that a rumor, which he intimated had been circulated for a
purpose, to the effect that Mr. Breitmeykr would withdraw as a can-
didate for President, had no foundation in fact, as that gentleman
would remain in the field until the polls closed.

President Burton announced that, in consequence of the open-
ing of the morning session having been delayed, the election polls
would remain open, not from ten to twelve o'clock but for t'wo hours
from the present time.

Mr. J. T. D. FuLMER, of Des Moines, Iowa, stated that the
constitution specifically provided that the polls should remain open

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 67

from 10 a.m., to 12 o'clock noon. He questioned the right of the
Chair to order that the polls remain open for two hours from this
time, as it was now eleven o'clock. He also called attention to the
constitutional requirement that " a majority of all the votes cast shall
be necessary for an election." He said that if after two hours the
members of the Society should find that none of the candidates had
received a majority of all the votes and that no President had been
elected they would be, to use a vulgarism, "in the sovip." He
repeated that the constitution imperatively required the polls to be
kept open from ten to twelve o'clock.

President Burton, in reply, expressed his willingness to take the
sense of the Convention upon whether his decision should stand or
fall. He explained that it was not the fault of the officers that the
polls were not opened at ten o'clock but that the delay was due to the
failure of the printers to deliver the printed ballots at the hour agreed
upon. Immediately upon receipt of the ballots the Convention had
been called to order, and then, as the best way out of the difficulty,
the Chair had announced that the polls would remain open two hours
from that time. In view of the fact that insistence upon a literal
compliance with the constitution might invalidate the whole election.
President Burton suggested that the sense of the Society be taken
upon the course he had pursued, so that if there was a single objec-
tion to it the fact might appear on record.

Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, N.Y., said the Convention wanted
to elect officers and he thought that if the polls were kept open for
two hours the constitutional requirement would be complied with. He
therefore moved a suspension of the rule and that the President be
authorized to name the hours for the opening and the closing of the
polls.

The Acting President (Secretary Stewart in the Chair)
stated the question on Mr. Scott's motion and, after taking the vote
upon it (in which all the responses were in the affirmative) announced
that it had been carried unanimously.

President Burton thereupon again announced that the polls
would remain open until one o'clock p.m. [Applause.]

The balloting was resumed.

68 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Additional reports (on Plants and Greenhouse Appliances) were
received from exhibition judges. These were accepted and ordered
to be filed — the motions to this effect being made by Messrs. E. H.
CusHMAN and E.G. Hill.

Secretary Stewart communicated to the Convention a
request from the Judges on Cut Flowers to have the vote by which their
report was accepted on the previous day reconsidered to permit them
to make an alteration of it.

The reconsideration was ordered, on motion of Mr. E. H. Cush-
MAN, whereupon an amended report was presented by the Judges,
which, after being read by the Secretary, was accepted.

(The reports in full will be found in later pages of this volume.)

The Committee appointed to prepare final resolutions was
announced by the Chair as follows : Messrs. E. G. Gillett, W.
F. Sheridan and W. F. Gude. They were requested to report at a
later session.

MODERN METHODS IN FLORAL DECORATION.

A paper on this subject, prepared by ]Mr. Alex. ^IcConnell,
of New York City, was in the author's absence, read by Mr. Wm.
ScoTT, of Buffalo.

The paper was as follows :

The artistic arrangement of floral decorations for best effect is an
important factor and well deserving the study of the professional florist,
especially the younger generation, -who are ambitious to become proficient in
their chosen profession.

A progressive movement in the arrangement of floral effects has been
manifest to all observing admirers of the blending of colors and the graceful
clustering of nature's most beautiful gifts.

The incongruous massing of flowers regardless of harmony of color,
ignoring surroundings where it is desirous to produce an artistic effect, is fre-
quently the cause of failure and disappointing results.

Church weddings of the present day, where the decorator has been given
carte blanche or a liberal remuneration for his material and artistic skill, are
certainly an improvement on the decorations of Auld Lang Syne — no reflection
on the ability and refined taste of the operator of the past. Lacking the material
from which to select for pleasing and beautiful effects set designs of decapitated
flowers entered largely into the arrangements. Specimens of the graceful and

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 69

stately Kentia with its dark, rich foliage, contrasting in color and characteristic
habit with Acreca lutescens, the expressive foliage of Latania Borbonica and
other natives of the tropics, could not then be obtained in stately specimens
of today.

One of the most important factors in church wedding embellishment is
the proper grouping of the magnificent palms, elevated to the proper height,
not in a conglomerated mass, but grouped to show individuality and graceful
habit.

In the floral arrangements, cut flowers with long stems are now, and should
be, used wherever most effective ; the sacred altar and chancel decorated with
a tasteful profusion of white flowers and Asparagus plumosa; columns or arches
garlanded with the same attractive green or perhaps, which is more pleasing,
in a large hall or church, the glossy foliage of southern smilax, introduced in
the north a few years ago and now almost indispensable to the floral decorator.

The lycopodium or Christmas-green roping which was considered very
essential in days of yore is almost obsolete excepting for the Christmas
festivities.

The decorators should ever bear in mind, to obtain a successful result, the
treatment of the church should be as pleasing and effective on entering the
holy edifice as at the altar.

The decoration of the home for the wedding festivities has been some-
what revolutionized. We seldom behold flowers contorted in such emblems as
Cupid's dart, bow and arrow, or balls of flowers massed in solids and suspended
in some prominent place in the drawing rooms. The ancient wedding bell
appears to be the only reminiscence of "Ye olden time," and its apparent
fascinating influence on the fair sex justifies the belief that the old emblem
may ring joyfully for many moons to come.

In modern treatment of the house the same conditions may be adhered to
as in the church or hall. The grouping of the plants artistically arranged in
the parlors in a selected corner, forming a bower, giving sufliicient space for the
performance of the wedding ceremony, and for the bridal party to receive their
congratulations. The wire frame in the shape of a canopy, covered with green
and wired flowers, has lost its popularity, and is now supplanted by the
dignified palm.

The banked mantels of growing adiantum, interspersed with long-
stemmed roses of one color, arranged in a loose and natural habit, is much
more attractive than the ancient formal stereotyped arrangement where so
much wood and wire entered into the construction. Garlands of Asparagus
plumosa or smilax entwined on inirrors and wherever effective, orchids with
stems in water contained in small glass tubes, to prevent wilting, vases of long-
stemmed cut flowers of distinct color, harmonizing with decorations of the
different rooms to be treated, are more preferable and artistic than the former
every-day basket arrangement, even if the durability of the flowers were the
only consideration. It is gratifying to observe there is less ribbon used in
conjunction with floral decorations than formerly. While ribbon embellish-

70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINETEENTH CONVENTION

merit is not objectionable sometimes in floral designs, it is somewhat out of
character garlanded with flowers and smilax in the drawing-room decorations.

The construction or arrangement of the bridal bouquets of previous years
was formal and compact. I will not reflect so far to the past as to refer to the
camellia and tuberose bouquets of thirty-five years ago, with a border of bristol
board paper surmounted by an edging of silk fringe, but contrast the progress
in floriculture of later years.

The introduction and growing of improved varieties of roses, orchids and
novelties of every family in flora, all assist the artist in forming the beautiful
and graceful bouquets of the times.

Flowers are never more admired, nor do they appeal to us more favorably
in decorations of any kind, than when arrayed as near as possible to nature's
handiwork.

The treatment of the residence for receptions or dinner entertainments is
somewhat similar to decorations for the wedding celebration.

Illustrating the decoration for a modern festivity, we cannot do better than
describe in detail one of the many which came under our own consideration.

Groups of palms arranged for best effect relieved by cut branches of For-
sythia Fortunei, Spirea prunifolia and Pyrus japonica, forced for the occasion,
loosely arranged in concealed vases of water. Mantels and mirrors were banked
and treated with same flowering shrubs, all producing a very pleasing effect.
Stairways were profusely garlanded with Asparagus plumosa and forsythia,
descending to the main floor where the dining room, library, parlors and con-
servatory were thrown into one great dining room. The tables which seated
three hundred guests were constructed to order, the center portion built sep-
arately, six inches below the outer sides for the placing of growing orchids in
pots. With tubs concealed under the tables, the trunks coming through twelve
feet apart, specimens of Dicksonia antarctica eight feet in height were utilized,
their tropical and graceful fronds producing an admirable and tasteful decora-
tion. Hidden and suspended in the fronds by flexible wires were many glass
tubes of water, each containing sprays of cattleya.

Growing orchids embellished the mantels, festoons of Asparagus plumosa
interspersed with cattleyas beautified the mirrors, and the conservatory in the
background, in brilliant colors of potted azaleas, sheltered as it were by the
overhanging branches of tropical foliage, completed one of the most original
and elaborate decorations of the season.

Now as to the accomplishment of success in these " modern methods," it
must be remembered that these results can be attained, so far as artistic effects
and charming designs are concerned, without any expensive and elaborate pro-
cess and with even limited means at one's disposal.

If one has the love of flowers and the soul of the artist within him, as
every florist worthy of the name should have, the " modern methods" become
a delight: and the development of a satisfactory contract, an easy possibility.
Any intelligent florist can succeed, who gives proper thought and study to his

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 71

decorative department, and realizes that herein lie the greatest opportunities
for his own development and the certain growth of his business.

One must be alert, progressive, ambitious, and a student, to achieve last-
ing success in these modern dajs. With the growth of capital come greater
demands and larger opportunities, and to fill the demands of the wealthy, orig-
inality, tact, ability to advise must be continually cultivated. There is no limi-
tation to the growth of the taste for, and elaborateness of, floral decorations.
Its future will be a " giant " in comparison with what has been accomplished in
the past. There is no " method " of the present that does not admit of improve-
ment, and to be " modern," we must live in the future and grow upward to its
inevitable demands.

Shoiild time permit, it would be interesting to look at another side of our
subject and that is the achievements of our time in the decorations of immense
buildings, for national events, such as the inauguration of a President or the
graceful testimonies of respect and grief when a hero is buried. But this opens
up a field that our limited time forbids us to enter. Again, another demonstra-
tion of "floral decoration" flashes across our vision, and we behold what art
and nature combined to produce in the glorious floral effects at the World's
Fair in Chicago. Now comes another exposition building at St. Louis, by
•' modern methods," grander results than were even imagined ten short years
ago, and demonstrating to all the world, as it will, that Flora is the Ameri-
can Queen, and that in our devotion to her, and in ability to utilize her handi-
work we lead the nations.

It would be an interesting study to consider how, under efficient super-
vision, the modern methods will be utilized in working out the perfected accom-
plishments in decorative floral and horticultural achievements, that will make
our glorious country in this respect, the admiration of the centuries.

On motion of Mr. E. H. Cushman, of Sylvania, Ohio, a vote of
thanks was tendered to Mr. McConnell for his excellent paper and
also to Mr. Scott for his admirable reading of it.

GOVERNMENTAL AID FOR FLORICULTURE.

Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, N. Y., said : Mr. President, it has been
called to my attention lately that the Agricultural Department, while expending
millions for the benefit of the farmer and the orchardist, and I suppose also in
arboriculture, did next to nothing of any practical value for the florist. The
Department has lately acquired a strip of five hundred acres of land in Wash-
ington, D. C, and is embellishing thirty acres of it with flowers. I believe
that if an urgent request is made of the Congressmen and Senators, supported
by the endorsement of this society, a sum of ten, fifteen or twenty-five thousand
dollars would be appropriated to put up some glass where young men in the
Department would make experiments that would be beneficial to us.

I therefore offer the following :

72 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Resolved, That, inasmuch as the interests which the Society of American
Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists represent, have many millions of
dollars at stake, and inasmuch as there are problems in plant nutrition, plant
propagation and plant culture which now perplex and hamper our interests, and
which we believe are capable of solution, but require time and equipment not
at the disposal of the practical grower, it is the sense of this Convention that
Congress be requested to appropriate sufficient funds to enable the Secretary of
Agriculture to undertake the study and solution of the tlorists' problems.

On motion of Mr. J. L. Dillon, of Bloomsburg, Pa., the reso-
lution was adopted.

President Burton stated that notification of the resokitio;i would
be given the National Government.

A PROPOSED CARNATION DAY.

Mr. H. M. Altick, of Dayton, Ohio, was awarded the floor.
He said :

Upon my arrival in Milwaukee, on Tuesday morning, two things impressed
me. The first picture of a public man that I noticed was a portrait of William
McKinley ; the other was his signature to our National Charter, which appeared
in the lower left-hand corner of a copy hanging upon the wall of this room,
and which attested the approval by the head of the Government, of our great
organization as a National society.

Prior to the 29th of January the newspapers gave publicity to a suggestion
made by our fellow citizen, Mr. Lewis G. Reynolds, of Dayton, Ohio, that as
a mark of respect for the memory of President McKinley and as a reminder of
his appreciation and love of the carnation, the members of a certain association
would, on each recurring 29th of January, if on no other day of the year, wear
a carnation. The association was called The Carnation League of America.
The suggestion was made by Mr. Reynolds without any idea of commercialism
or any selfish motive. The organization of that association has created for the
florists of the country a new Memorial Day, and in our city, the home of this
League, we look forward to an increased demand for the carnation on that day.
More than fifteen thousand members of the League were enrolled, and more than
fifteen thousand carnations were sold on that day. That was just a beginning.
Recently we had a carnival in our city in which the charitable organizations
took part and to which the florists donated carnations for sale. Every carnation
sold was accompanied with a gift of a certificate of membership in The Carna-
tion League. More than two thousand additional carnations were disposed of
in a few days.

Mr. Altick further referred to the commercial possibilities of
such a movement and repeated his suggestion as made at the meeting

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 73

of the American Carnation Society last spring, that the florists should
make a voluntary contribution to the McKinley Monument Associa-
tion of Canton, O.

Replying to queries by Messrs. Wm. Scott and E. G. Hill,
Mr. Altick said :

My idea was not to ask the S. A. F. to make an appropriation but to
appeal to the florists of the country individually. In accumulating the fund
that they have at Canton already they have been dealing with individuals all
the time, so that the individual subscriptions would show to the world the
patriotism of the American people. While there was a suggestion made that
this Society owes a great deal to the Government and to President McKinley's
influence, still the point is that we want voluntary individual subscriptions.
A certificate of membership is issued for^ every subscription of one dollar.

Man}' of you have heard of the Primrose League in England, which was
instituted thirty years ago. That League is in existence today and is as strong
as it ever was. I suggest that the Carnation League would far surpass in
popularity the Primrose League of England.

Mr. W. F. GuDE, of Washington, D.C. : As a resident of the city of
Washington and one who took part in representing the florists' interests during
President McKinley's administration and in procuring the National charter I
can say that not only President McKinley but his entire cabinet did a great deal
to enhance our business interests. I suggest that the enhancement of our busi-
ness cannot be aided more effectually than by our identification Avith a popular
movement that appeals to the patriotic instincts of the American people; and
while I do not see how this Society could very well contribute as a body, I
think that every individual who is a member of it should make a contribution
of at least five dollars to this cause and should join in the observance of the
29th day of January in each year as a McKinley Carnation Day for all time to
come. While I fully appreciate the business opportunity which the proposi-
tion presents, the sentimental side of it also impresses me very sensibly, and I
for one will not only gladly donate my five dollars but will pledge myself to get
at least five others in the city of Washington to become members of the Asso-
ciation. [Applause].

Mr. J. D. Carmody, of Evansville, Ind. : Mr. President, this movement
has touched a tender spot in my heart. I would not stop with making one day
a carnation day. I am in favor of the carnation being declared and accepted, as
it might be eventually, as the National flower of America. Some years ago —
something like flfteen or sixteen years ago — the old flag which you see above
my head was presented to the National Society. At that time I made the state-
ment that it lacked one thing, that it should have emblazoned upon its blue
field the National fiower of America. Every one of those stars upon it should
be represented by the National flower. But having no National flower, I made

74 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

a motion on that occasion that a committee be appointed to select one. They
were appointed but thev took no action. Why.? It was said, very forcibly, that
for any tlower to become a National flower it was first necessary that it should
have special prominence by being identified with some great American of
National reputation. National flowers in other countries have been selected in
that way. The fleur de lis of France was the favorite flower of Louis XIV. ;
the flower of England was selected not altogether by the people, but by the
monarchs ; the beautiful corn flower of Germany, a common little thing known
as the " Bachelor's Button," found a place in the hearts of the German people
because it had always decorated the lapel of Emperor William, and it became a
National flower in that way. President McKinley's special flower was the red
carnation; it was always displayed upon a lapel of his coat. That establishes
the precedent for this country. McKinley, the honored of all nations —
McKinley, the martyr — McKinley, the beloved of his countrymen, the mention
of whose name stirs all patriotic American hearts, loved the carnation. He
delighted to let the world know that his preference was the carnation. In
memory of McKinley, the greatest American of our day, he who was nearest
to the hearts of the people, jou should make this flower a National emblem.
I am in favor of selecting the carnation as the National flower of the United
States. [Applause.]

President Burton called attention to the limited time remaining
of the session and advised that discussion of topics other than those on
the program be deferred for the present. He then announced, as the
next regular order of business, a paper on violet culture.

VIOLET CULTURE IN THE WEST.

The essayist, Mr. G. F. Cr.\bb, of Grand Rapids, Mich., being
introduced, read a paper prepared by him on " Violet Culture in the
West," which was listened to with much interest and applauded.

The paper was as follows :

The cultivation of the violet is a fascinating vocation : pleasant and profit-
able when the crop proves a success ; disappointing and expensive when failure
of crop is the result. There are so many trials and tribulations to go through
before a successful crop is assured that many a grower, in sheer despair, has
abandoned their cultivation for some more certain crop. Yet, with healthy
plants, careful cultivation, proper soil and good, constant care, there is no
reason why the violet cannot be as sure a crop as any other variety of plants.

There are not many growers who can say positively, "My crop will be a
success," for experience teaches us that, no matter how great our success last
season, we can fail miserably this. Yet these failures help to guard against a
repetition of the same mistakes.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. i D

Our first set-back was the black fly. It was our first acquaintance and he
was allowed to get too strong a foothold before his identity was discovered ;
and then, while every effort was made to dislodge the enemy, it was too late,
the damage was done. The next season we kept the fly in check, but had a
different mishap. For covering the cracks on the bottom of the benches we
used inverted sod. The quack grass grew and we set the men to work pulling
it out. They found it easier to pull when wet, so they kept the beds soaked
with water. When the beds were in that condition a rainy week set in and the
soil would not dry off, the plants having what we term " wet feet," and imme-
diatelv we had the most beautiful lot of black spot imaginable, the crop being
ruined. We finally dried the soil out and with care brought the plants out free
from spot and in fine shape, but instead of picking forty thousand blooms at
Christmas we had to be content with a quarter of that number, and vowed we'd
never be caught that way again.

The last set-back (and may it remain the last) occurred at a time when
most growers have more or less trouble from the same causes and under similar
conditions and find it hard to determine just what is the matter. We were
attending the Chicago chrysanthemum show. Our violets were fine; they were
blooming freely and selling at a good price. Like many other florists similarly
situated, we were building air castles as to what we would do with the profits of
our promising crop and planning to put more houses to violets the next season.
The weather during show week was w^arm, the thermometer standing from
fifty-five to sixty-five degrees at night. The wind blew and the rain fell and
was blown in mist through the ventilators and over the plants. As it was so
warm, the hands decided it best to leave the ventilators open, at least until my
return. What a sight I beheld I Eight hands picking the spotted leaves off
those magnificent plants that but a few days previous we were banking on so
confidently. They were so checked that it was not until toward spring that
thev fully recovered. Had the ventilators been closed the crop would have been
saved. I have mentioned our principal failures, thinking it might possibly be
of value in preventing others from falling into the same costly errors.

PROPAGATION.

We propagate our stock the last of March and through April in two ways,
viz., by division and by sand-rooted cuttings. To propagate by division we
select the strongest runners, remove from the plant and put into 2-inch pots.
It is immaterial whether the divisions when potted have roots on or not. The
sand-rooted cuttings are also put into 2-inch pots, and all are covered with long
strips of cotton until thoroughly rooted, when the covering is discontinued.
Newspapers would do just as well for small quantities. We are careful to put
the covering on before the sun strikes the plants in the morning, and remove it
immediately after the sun's rays no longer strike the house. Give as much
light as possible, while not letting the sun strike the plants to wilt them. As
soon as the plants have filled these pots with roots they are ready for planting.
Those that we cannot plant imtil later in the season we put into 3-inch pots and

76 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

grow them on. A well-rooted violet plant from a 3-inch pot we prefer to a
field-grown plant, as it does not suffer a check when planted. We plant direct
to the bench. Our plants are grown wholly under glass the year around. V^ery
few are grown in the field in this vicinity, unless it is the Princess of Wales,
single.

We prefer a clay loam of about three parts to two parts of muck sod and
two parts of well-rotted cow manure, all thoroughly mixed and chopped fine.
Under no circumstances is old soil used. We plant with eight inches between
the rows, and by the first of October we have robust, bushy plants with foliage
touching and covered with buds. Picking begins about the first of October and
in a couple of weeks is in full headway.

VARIETIES AND TREATMEXT.

The principal variety grown is the Lady Campbell, considered as being
the least liable to disease, the strongest grower and the most free bloomer, pro-
ducing three flowers to one of the dark varieties. Swanley White is successfully
grown with us, but in limited quantities. In dark violets Imperial is the best.
While requiring the same treatment as Marie Louise, it has a laj-ger flower, a
stronger stem, and is a little hardier in its constitution. The Far<juhar is no
longer grown here.

Lady Campbell and Swanley White both require forty-five to fifty degrees
of night temperature and a day temperature ten degrees higher. The dark
varieties require thirty-eight to forty degrees at night and five to eight degrees
higher in the day. The warmer varieties require a steadier temperature than
the dark. Should the latter occasionally drop to thirty-five degrees they would
be injured, but in the case of the former the flowers would be checked.

At the same time give all the air your conveniences will allow. It is a
stimulant to the health of the plants and an antidote for disease. Let the wind,
even if cold, blow on the plants if they are healthj^ Do not be afraid if you
see the leaves moving with the breeze. They are drinking in deep breaths of
fresh air. You cannot grow violets properly in a close, ill-ventilated house.
Such a one is apt to be damp and muggy, the right conditions for spot.

From the time of planting until about the middle of October the plants
should be kept on the wet side. From that date on they should be a bit on the
dry side. From the foregoing date until the middle of December is the critical
time of their existence. If you get them through until then, or even until the
first of December, you can reasonably bank on what kind of a crop you will
have for the season.

Keep the soil constantly stirred so as to let the light penetrate to the roots.
Pinch off all decayed and dead leaves. Remove all runners on Campbell and
Swanley White as fast as they appear, retaining the one center crown. On the
dark violets the same process should be gone through with, although better
results are claimed for the system that retains three or four crowns, pinching
the strongest runners about three inches from, the plant for this purpose.
Longer stems and more flowers will result.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 77

Keep the atmospliere in the house dry at all times. Even at the risk of
getting the house too warm, turn on a little steam, if only sufficient to take off
that raw, chilly dampness. Particularly should this be done when the early
fall rains set in. The neglect of this precaution frequently allows spot to put in
appearance. A hand-rake is used for stirring the soil, but better still if the
man in charge knows how to stir soil with his fingers. It is much better and
he never has to hunt for his rake ; it is always by him.

PESTS AND DISEASES.

Black spot is frequently caused by overwatering. Wet feet, we call it.
Also in mild weather, when the ventilators are open and a warm rain sets in,
before you are aware of what is going on, the wind swishes the rain over the
foliage in the form of mist, which is very distasteful to the sweet, capricious
beauty. Again, a close, ill-ventilated house should be avoided, as it is sure to
breed spot.

Frequent syringing on bright mornings will serve to keep red spider
down. If you have been taking care of your plants you will have very little
trouble with spider. Eel worms are a rarity in this vicinity. As soon as a
plant stops growing and ceases to have that bright gloss characteristic of a
healthy plant, pull it out and replant from stock that should alwaj's be kept on
hand in three or four-inch pots for that purpose. This disposes of the worm or
any other trouble that may ail the plant. There are other enemies — insects and
diseases — with which we are as yet unfamiliar.

Great care should be exercised in watering, in order not to get the soil too
wet, as it will then become sour, and in winter it is hard to get it back to
healthy, growing conditions. Morning is the best time to water, and in cloudy
weather and in the fall judgment should be used to select a time to water when
the foliage will dry out before night.

Narrow, ten to twelve-foot houses grow good violets, but on account of
the sash, ventilation is harder to handle during the critical period. Large
houses from one hundred to three hundred feet long and twenty-nine feet wide,
containing four to five-foot benches, with three by four and one-half foot ven-
tilators, all on the north side of the house, half of them opening to the ridge
and the alternating sash hinged at the ridge and opening at the cross-bar,
houses running east and west, admit more air and light and are less liable to a
sudden fall of rain getting in before the ventilators can be closed, as it is easier
to close the ventilators than to let down a lot of sash.

The successful growing of violets may be summed up in four words :
" Take care of them."

Mr. A. Graham, of Cleveland, Ohio, inquired whether the
essayist preferred growing his violets on the ordinary bench or in
solid beds,^and as to the depth of the beds.

78 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Mr. Crabb replied that he preferred the ordinary bench as it was
more under control with respect to moisture, and also a depth of five
inches.

On motion of Mr. William Scott, a vote of thanks was
tendered to Mr. Crabb for his excellent paper.

registration of peonies.

Mr. E. H. CusHMAN, of Sylvania, Ohio, moved that that part of
Secretary Stewart's report referring to tree and herbaceous peonies
which had been laid on the table, be referred for action, to the Peony
Committee.

Mr. P. O'Mara, of New York City, remarked that, as some
reference of the matter seemed to be necessary, he thought the Peony
Committee was the proper one to take it up and pass upon it and sec-
onded Mr. Cushman's motion which was thereupon adopted wdthout
objection.

amendments to the constitution.

The Convention then took action on proposed amendments to
the constitution, of wdiich due notice had been given.

The first amendment was one proposed by Mr. Alex. Wallace
of New York, as follows :

To eliminate from Article III, (Government — Executive Board) the words
occurring on lines three and four thereof as follows ; " and the duly accredited
delegates of co-operative societies as hereinafter provided." No provision hav-
ing been made for affiliation with " co-operative societies" in the Constitution,
as printed, the words proposed to be deleted are therefore superfluous.

Mr. Wallace explained that, when the constitution was framed,
one proposed article (the fifth) which dealt with co-operative socie-
ties was temporarily postponed and subsequently was stricken out.
Meanwhile the words now proposed to be eliminated, which had
been inserted with the expectation that the fifth article would be
retained, were inadvertently allowed to remain as a part of Article
III. He said the constitution contained nothing in respect to athlia-
.tion with co-operative societies, and he proposed that the words be
eliminated until they could be made applicable by inserting some pro-
vision for the recognition of co-operative societies.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 79

Mr. W. B. DuRiE, of Rahway, N.J., seconded the amendment.

Mr. H. B. Beatty remarked that the words had no applica-
bility and were unnecessary but he thought that, as their retention
could do no harm, it would be better to let them remain, particularly
as there was a likelihood that delegates from co-operative societies
would be admitted in the future. If this was done it would then be
necessary to again amend the article by re-inserting the words. If
they were retained, the necessity for such an amendment would be
obviated.

Mr. Wm. Scott of Buffalo, N.Y., concurred in the view
expressed by Mr. Beatty.

The amendment was here voted upon and rejected.

The Convention then took up the amendment proposed by Mr.
J. K. M. L. Farquhar, of Boston, Mass., which was to insert a
new Article as follows :

Article VI. Plant Registration.

A registration book shall be kept by the Secretary, in which shall be
inscribed names and descriptions of new plants, as furnished by the owners
thereof, under the rules of the Society. Names so inscribed shall be recognized
officially as the proper and permanent titles respectively of the varieties as reg-
istered and this Society shall do all in its power to prevent the subsequent appli-
cation of any name thus registered to any other plant in the same special class
or the distribution of plants so recorded, under an}^ title other than the one
thus given it.

On receipt of application for registration, it shall be the duty of the Secre-
tary to give public notice thereof, and if, after the lapse of three weeks from
date of said application, no protest shall have been filed with the Secretary,
due announcement of registration shall then be made, but when there exists a
permanent committee or affiliating Society specially devoted to the interests of
any distinct class of plants or tiowers, the Secretary shall on receipt of applica-
tion for registration of a plant belonging in such class, refer such application
to the duly constituted authorities of such committee or Society, in lieu of pub-
lic notice, and, upon the return of said application regularly approved by such
authorities, shall make public announcement accordingly. Failure to return
such application to the secretary within a period of three weeks shall be con-
strued as approval and announcement made accordingly.

Any protest under the above provisions shall be referred to a committee of
three specially appointed by the President of the S. A. F. for this purpose. The
committee shall act promptly and their decision shall be accepted as final.

80 PROCEEDIXGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

The fee for registration shall be five dollars, which shall be returned to
applicant if registration is not effected, but to all members of the S. A. F. in
good 'standing, the privileges of the department of plant registration shall be
free.

The amendment was read and adopted unanimously.

President Burton announced as next in order on the program
a general discussion of " CooHng Processes and Their'Value in Keep-
ing Cut Flowers." He invited discussion.

No response was made, and the subject was passed over without
comment.

A RECORD OF GREENHOUSE AREA.

Mr. L. C. CoRBETT, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department
of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. : Mr. President, one matter that has come
to my mind very forcibly during the last year, and which I wish this Society
would take action upon, is thik, that there should be some central place, in con-
nection with the organization of this Society, where a record shall be kept of
the number of square feet of glass added to each man's plant during a year. I
have been trying, during the last year, to get a census of the glass area of the
country and to get some idea of the number of square feet which have been
added, together with the number of square feet devoted to special crops. That
information has been very incomplete and unsatisfactory; and I would like, if
it is consistent with the organization of this Society, that some arrangement
be made so that each florist, as he adds to his equipment, may make some offi-
cial registration of that additional glass. I am aware of course that there is a
mention made, in each one of the trade papers, of the amount of glass which is
being added. I have tried to follow those figures very carefully but find it
impossible to get any adequate idea from those sources of what really is going
on in the country. It seems to me that this would be a very desirable thing in
the way of keeping track of the increase in the business or the increase in equip-
ment and facilities.

The delegates here will find, at the exit from this hall, upon the wall, a
couple of small maps which illustrate, in a way, the distribution of the glass
area of the United States, as best we could make it out from the census reports.
The report of the United States census is made up by counties, each county
being credited with the number of square feet of glass which it contains. The
map which I have constructed illustrates that in a graphic way. It may be of
some interest. The census report does not give information as to localities
which give most attention to roses, to carnations, and so on ; and that is what
I want to gather in my special census. I would be very much interested in any
action of the Society which would seek to gain such information.

The President Pro Tem (Mr. Stewart in the chair.) We have some
forty minutes remaining until the closing of the polls, and this interval has
been provided for on the program by appropriating it to five-minute talks.

SOCIETY OF AISIERICAN FLORISTS. 81

Probably some of our good friends here may have something interesting to say
on matters in which members of the Society are concerned. The meeting is
now open for remarks of that character, and I hope that somebody will take the
floor with something interesting and instructive.

Mr. E. H. CusHMAN, of Sylvania, Ohio : I think it would be interesting
for us to hear from the gentleman who has spoken about glass (Mr. Corbett) as
to what they are doing along the line of horticulture in his department at
Washington.

Mr. Corbett (speaking from the platform, by invitation of the
Chair) responded :

In reply to the gentleman permit me to say that I can tell more of what
we hope to do than I can tell of what we are doing. The fact is that we have
quite a large glass area at the Department of Agriculture, which is devoted very
largely to the housing of an exceedingly fine collection of ornamental plants
such as ferns, palms, and so on and, in connection with that, a very large and
valuable collection of economic plants which have been received from all over
the world. This collection is exceedingly interesting and valuable but is
housed, at the present time, in a very poor, dilapidated old conservatory. We
have, in addition to that, a large house which is this year being rebuilt, in which
are housed what we call citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges and plants of that
description. In fact, we have in that collection the parent tree of all the Cali-
fornia orange industry, the Washington Navel. The tree is still standing there
and is now an old tree, is quite large, but still bears some fruit every year. It
is of very great interest to every passer-by ; it ought to be preserved and a very
fine house kept over it.

Last year, as you undoubtedly know, we made a little innovation in Gov-
ernment work in the way of starting a chrysanthemum show. We selected
from some eight or nine hundred specimens about two hundred varieties, grew
them mostly as bush plants and exhibited them in our cold grapery. This
attracted a great deal of attention, and about thirty or forty thousand people
came to visit this little chrysanthemum show, which was designed to be purely
educational in its effect. I think from the favorable comments of the visitors
as well as the press, that the effort was well appreciated.

In addition to these houses which contain the plants of a permanent
nature, such as the orange housa and the conservatories, we have a small cold
grapery which has in it about thirty or forty different varieties of exotic grapes.
These have been grown for a number of years, have been used by the Division
of Pomology for different purposes, and a great many cuttings of them have
been disseminated to various parts of the country, where these European grapes
can be grown.

In addition to these we have one or two houses which are devoted to the
propagation of bedding plants which are to be used on the grounds of the
Department. We use a great many plants of this description, each year, and we
grow all of them ourselves. Then there is one small house which is used to

82 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

grow roses. This house, bj the way, is rather old and is not well suited to the
growth of roses. In addition to this there are two new houses, one of which
will this year be used for violets and one for carnations. These houses are
small, only ten feet wide and one hundred and fifty feet long, but they are the
nearest to modern houses of anything which we have on the place.

We have acquired within the last few years — when I say " we" I mean, of
course, the Department of Agriculture — a tract of land of about five hundred
acres, which was originally a part of the Lee estate, the other portion of which
is used for the National Cemetery. This is just across the Potomac river from
the main part of Washington city, and the farm is under my personal super-
vision. Upon this place I hope to develop something which will be of interest
and value to the florists, to the growers of cut flowers and to the ornamental
horticulturists of the country. It is the present intention to devote some thirty
acres to what may be called, in one sense, a botanic garden. It will not be
strictly a botanic garden, but a garden which shall contain all of our native
plants that are worthy of cultivation for ornamental purposes or for timber
purposes. In addition to this collection we hope to erect a range of green-
houses which shall house all the new plants that are brought to this country by
our section of Seed and Plant Introduction. As you know, the Department
has at all times a number of explorers who are picking up all plants of economic
importance to agriculture and sending them into the Department so that they
may be tried in this country for increasing our agricultural facilities. We hope
to have facilities for growing and propagating these plants.

In addition to that, I hope that there may be in this range houses in which
we can solve some of the many prpblems connected with plant nutrition and
plant propagation which are all the time bothering the florists. The question
of the influence of phosphoric acid and potash on the nutrition of plants, on
the consistency of the petals of flowers, and on the keeping of flowers. All
these questions are live questions to the florist, in which for many years I have
been interested, and in a small way I have been endeavoring to do something
along the line of their solution. At present I think I see the way open in the
Department to do a great deal more work and devote a great deal more time to
this special line of investigation, and I hope we may have the hearty co-opera-
tion of the members of the S. A. F. in this undertaking. [Applause.]

Mr. John N. May, of Summit, N. J., responding to calls for
some remarks, said :

There are many things of infinite value to us as florists and horticulturists
that can be done in a range of glass such as our worthy friend from Washington,
Mr. Corbett, describes. Here would be an excellent opportunity for the testing
of fertilizers that would acquaint us with what is good and what is not good,
what varieties of soil are best suited for certain classes of plants, and so on.
Those who have an excellent soil for the production of fine flowers could send
two or three barrels of it to the Department and have it tested, and the charac-
teristics of other soil could be ascertained. The most feasible wav to get the

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 83

necessary grant of money from the Government for this Department would be
for each of our State Vice-Presidents to importune the members of Congress
and Senators from his State to vote for a bill appropriating a certain sum of
money, say tw^enty, thirty or forty thousand dollars, — and that is a small item
in comparison with the results that may be attained — for this purpose, for the
universal benefit of our craft.

Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, N. Y., suggested that the State
Vice-Presidents could render mvich valuable assistance in the matter
by sending to their respective Congressmen a uniform circular letter
under the heading of the S. A. F. He thought that in this direction
the Vice-Presidents could be of real value, and also that personal
letters from members of the S. A. F. to Congressmen with whom they
were acquainted would be very effective. He promised to give some
assistance along this line by writing to Congressmen fi'om the Buffalo
district, if the matter was taken up.

Mr. P. O'Mara, of New York city, remarked that the present
would be an opportune time to take from the table and consider the
communication relating to the establishment by the Government of a
parcels post.

Secretary Stewart explained that, not anticipating there would
be a call for it at this session, he had left the communication with
other documents at his room in the hotel, but he would send for it if
its production was required. He continued :

As I understand it, the Postal Progress League has been working for some
time to secure legislation by Congress providing for the carrying through the
mails of parcels of considerable size that are now carried exclusively by the
express companies, the plan being the same as that which is followed in most
European countries. In fact it is carried so far in Germany, I am told, that
you can send a ton of coal by mail. I don't know whether that is an exaggera-
tion, but in Europe you can send by mail practically anything that is sent here
by express.

The agitation in Boston last fall over the express companies' action
brought me into contact for the first time with the gentlemen of the Postal
Progress League. The Secretary, Mr. Cowles, came to our meeting in Boston
and presented an address there which impressed us so strongly that a number
of us gave our names as members of the Postal Progress League. Mr. Cowles
put the proposition in such a forcible manner that I think if he could have come
here and talked to you upon it he would also have aroused your enthusiasm in
the cause. I tried to get him to come, but he gave me to understand that the
only way he could be brought this distance, under the circumstances, would be
by the payment of his expenses, and as I did not feel authorized to assure him

84 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

of that, he wrote the letter which I read yesterday instead of coming in person.
The plan, I believe, is to introduce in Congress next winter a bill which has
already been prepared, providing for certain postal rates on various articles of
merchandise.

The League would like very much to get the endorsement of this Society,
and as there are so many members of the Society engaged in lines that require
such facilities as the League offers to secure, I thought it worth while to bring
the matter up here, and I promised the Secretary of the League I would do so.

Mr. P. O'Mara, of NeAv York city : 1 have enjoyed the pleasure of several
visits from Mr. Covvles, the Secretary of the Postal Progress League. Money
is necessary to give the League a weapon with which to fight. Its funds are
raised by voluntary contributions, and membership in it costs five dollars a
year. I know of several business houses in New York who have subscribed
various sums from twenty-five to one hundred dollars each to further the work
of the League.

I think that sooner or later we will have a parcels post in the United States.
I believe that to be a foregone conclusion, and every effort that is made now to
help the cause will of course hasten the end for which we are striving. The
query in my mind is, what does Mr. Cowles expect the Society of American
Florists to do collectively. I know what he would like to have them do indi-
vidually, and that is for each member to forward five dollars to him and become
a member of the League.

A measure on this subject was introduced in Congress two years ago, I
think, and a very exhaustive address was made by its author, showing the
amount of matter handled, in the various countries of Europe, through the
parcels post; and it also gave a showing, which was something startling, of
the number of post-offices in the United States where matter now handled by
the express companies could be sent. According to my recollection of the
measure the maximum weight to be handled by the parcels post was fixed at two
hundred pounds. Whether that extravagant figure went in as an amendment
or was the original proposition, I think that perhaps the intention of that was
to effectually strangle the measure by making the weight excessive. If a modest
figure had been named, say twenty-five pounds, there would have been better
evidence of good faith on the part of the father of the bill.

I certainly am heartily in favor of helping Mr. Cowles and have thought
of becoming a member of the League just to help him along. I must say, from
personal contact with Mr. Cowles, that I never met a man who was more per-
sistent and enthusiastic in pushing along a cause than is he. In fact I might
call him a crank, with a big C, on this subject. The class of men whom he has
enlisted in the movement in New York augurs well for the success of it, espe-
cially as the tendency of the times is in its favor. Of course we have the rail-
roads, the express companies, and the freight lines^ to fight — they are all the
same thing and in the same combination — but after all that is said and done we
know that the average Congressman likes to go back to Congress, and if the
people of the country are suflSciently aroused to imperil the election of those

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 85

gentlemen who persist in ignoring the popular demand, it will take a good deal
of the railroad argument — and you know what that is — to turn them against us.
Mr. Scott : Some of the benefactors of the human race, some of the great-
est men who have ever lived, were regarded as cranks because they were a few
years ahead of the common herd, and possibly Mr. Cowles is in that category.
Now I am not sure that Mr. O'Mara is correct in his inference that the two
hundred pounds was put in the bill for a sinister purpose, and I think there
may be a little exaggeration in what Mr. Stewart has said about their delivering
a ton of coal, by mail, in Europe, but we know very well that in Great Britain
and on the Continent the postal service is far ahead of that of this country.
There is no doubt that the strongest opposition to this movement will come
from the express companies. ^The parcels post would curtail their business to
an immense amount and decrease their revenue, therefore it would be bitterly
opposed by them ; but that is no reason why it would not be a very great
advance in the right direction and of direct benefit to the people of the country-
There is no doubt about the charges of the express companies being exorbitant,
and the new arrangement would benefit the great public who are engaged in
business. I hope something -will be done in the matter if it be onlv a recogni-
tion of this League by the Society of American Florists. It might be inferred
from what Mr. O'Mara has said that the postman, in Evirope, actually puts two
hundred pounds of coal on his back. That does not follow at all. In Great
Britain the parcels are delivered in wagons, and at a price far below'that charged
for like service by any of the express companies in this country.

On motion of Mr. George C. Watson, of Philadelphia, Pa.,
the subject of the communication was taken from the table preparatory
to action being had upon it.

Mr. O'Mara : I think it would be well for us to consider the matter from
the standpoint of such information as we have on the subject. I have expressed
the belief that a parcels post was a probability but I would not be rash enough
to attempt to predict when it would be likely to be a probability. From some
talk that I have had, extending over a period of several years, with our Con-
gressmen and with a gentleman who occupied a high position in the Post
OflSce Department during the last administration, I think the chances are that
the first radical improvement in the postal system will be a reduction of first-
class letter postage from two cents to one cent. That is something which will
touch everybody and will crut a much wider swath than the reform we are con-
sidering. The effect of that change will be to hold back any further legislation
along the line of increasing the postal facilities until that has been given a fair
test. Nevertheless, that consideration should not deter anj' of us from pushing
this movement along, because it is one in the right direction. A recent
announcement was made in the public press that, at the coming session of Con-
gress, rural free delivery was going to be improved by the enactment of a law
providing for the swearing in, as Government officials, at a slight compensa-
tion, of train crews on freight, local and through passenger trains. If that

86 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

proposition becomes a law, it will unquestionably increase the efficiency of
rural free delivery and the delivery of parcels that are now rated as fourth-class
matter. I have discussed this question with many men whom I have met, I
have talked it over on trains whenever I got a chance and have tried to elicit all
the information I could get; and I will say, though without claiming that the
statement has much weight, that I have been credibly informed that at the
present time men and women are delivered by the rural free delivery system.
That may sound extravagant and absurd but, nevertheless, I have been assured
that the postal wagon is used for that purpose. That has been cited as one of
the evils of the system at the present time. [Merriment.]

President Burton, at this point, (one o'clock p.m.,) announced
that the polls, having^ remained open two hours, would now be closed.

Mr. L. H. Foster, of Dorchester, Mass., was the next speaker.
He said he believed that the postal parcel delivery system was needed
as a means of furnishing trade facilities for the business of the country.
He thought that under that system t\vo hundred potinds could be
carried as readily as two pounds, and that the increased volume of
shipments, by reason of the greater facilities afforded, would insure
a corresponding increase in the transportation business, which would
enable the railroads to reap as much benefit from delivery as they
now receive through the express companies. It was futile, he said,
to attempt to obstruct the channels of trade in this country or in the
world. By way of illustration he referred to the rapid recovery in
the values of the stocks of surface railroads in cities after they had
been temporarily depressed by the introduction of elevated lines, the
public demand for such facilities having made both methods of
transportation profitable. He claimed that if England, under her
postal delivery system, could bring packages to New York and
arrange with express companies in the United States to deliver her
goods anywhere between the Atlantic and the Pacific for a specified
sum, he should be granted the right to go to New York, for instance,
and ship to San Francisco upon like terms and conditions. He said
that at the present time the railroads and the express companies were
combined together in opposition to a postal delivery, and that the
florists, as one class of business men, were called upon to offset this
combination of trusts with a trust of their own, one based upon the
well-known principle of political economy of ' ' the greatest good to
the greatest number." He urged that every florist should do all that

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 87

he could to aid in the passage of the parcels post law not only for his
own benefit but for the benefit of the whole country.

Mr. George C. Watson, of Philadelphia: Mr. President, I move, as the
sense of this Society, that we endorse the work of the Postal Progress League
as defined in their address, and recommend our members to join that
organization.

Mr. E. G. Hill, of Richmond, Ind. : Might we not go further and author-
ize our President and Secretary to endorse the bill that may be presented before
Congress in the coming winter? I think this is a matter that vitally affects
every florist. The parcels post is a good thing, one of the best things that has
been proposed; and I would like to see the Society endorse any bill that this
Postal Progress League introduces into Congress. I think we may safely
endorse it in advance. Let our officers take occasion to give the Society's
endorsement to it, or let it be done by the Legislative Committee, as Mr.
O'Mara has suggested.

Mr. Watson : Mr. President, I accept the suggestion as a modification of
my motion.

A vote being taken, Mr. Watson's motion, as modified, was
adopted withovit dissent.

Mr. L. C. Corbett of the Department of Agriculture, Washington,
D.C. : Allow me to say a word more upon the subject of glass statistics. I pre-
pared and sent out seven thousand return postal cards which required only the
entering of the man's name and address with the number of square feet of glass
erected and the number of square feet of glass devoted to each particular crop.
From the seven thousand sent out I received eighteen hundred replies. That
represents only about one-third of the number of florists actually in the busi-
ness in the United States. I wish the Society, if it is so disposed, would urge
on the commercial florists of the country the importance of replying to such an
inquiry. I would very gladly take the responsibility of soliciting the informa-
tion and would do all the work connected with it just for the sake of giving
the information to the Society, if it will in turn assist me in getting people
interested enough in it to respond to my inquiries.

President Bcrton : The Chair thinks that that is a very liberal offer, on
the part of Mr. Corbett, to do most of that work if we will only help him to get
replies to his queries. The Chair would be glad to entertain a motion to
request the gentleman to carry the worl! through and report upon it at our next
meeting.

Mr. George C. Watson, of Philadelphia: Mr. President, I move that this
matter be referred to a committee of three to devise some method whereby the
obtaining of the statistics referred to by Professor Corbett may be facilitated
by this Society.

Mr. Watson's motion, being duly seconded, was agreed to.

88 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

THE QUESTION BOX.

The Secretary stated that two questions had been submitted by
members of the Society for consideration. One was as follows :

"At the Asheville Convention, last August, a committee was appointed to
draw up a petition to be addressed to the President of the United States, asking
him to convene Congress in extra session in order that the duty on soft or hard
coal might be suspended for six months. I would like to hear what that com-
mittee did or did not do in the matter. Others with me would like to know the
truth and, if nothing was done, would like to know what the S. A. F. is good
for if in a matter of such importance a committee would not act. Whether it
would have accomplished anything or not is not the question, and I do not ask
for answer as to that."

President Burton : The Chair believes that Mr. Scott was Chairman of
the committee referred to.

Secretary Stewart explained that, as he remembered it, Mr.
Scott reported that the committee had not succeeded in accomplish-
ing anything and that, the exigency having passed, he did not see any
utility in taking action at present. Mr. Stewart added that Mr.
Scott could undoubtedly explain the matter but that he was absent
at this moment.

Mr. L. C. CoRBETT, of Washington, D.C. : One word on that question.
You all remember that the President of the United States did rescind the duty
on coal during the coal strike.

Secretary Stewart read the remaining question in the box. It
was as follows :

"The S. A. F. has been instrumental in helping the trade at large in many
a way. One of its great services was the adoption of a standard size flower pot.
We all recollect the faults of the different sizes of the different makers.

Today and for years we have had the same experience with the plant that
we buy from the plant manufacturer. We get the plant out of the adopted
standard pot, but nine times out of ten the plant is not of standard size. There-
fore, my brother florists, why not adopt a standard size of plants today? "

Mr. George C. Watson, of Philadelphia (after an interval in
which no response was made) said :

I would like to hear some reply to thig question. I have talked to quite a
number of plant growers, and they have complained of the need of some better
understanding as to what is really meant when a specified size is given. I
think if we were to hear from such men as Mr. May, Mr. Craig, Mr. Vaughan
and others who are largely in the plant business, something of value might be
developed.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 89

Mr. J. C. Vaikjhan of Chicago was understood to say that he
was inclined to agree with Mr. Watson upon the propriety of some-
thing being done to formulate a scale of uniform sizes of plants,
which could be recommended for use by the wholesalers, so that a
better idea could be had of just what was offered, as 2-inch, 3-inch,
etc. He said he thought it was well known that many 3-inch pots
grew 3^/^ inch plants, that 3^^ inch pots grew 4-inch plants and so
on. Consequently one really never knew what he was getting unless
he received a sample in advance. He suggested that some good
working committee that would take up the matter might straighten it
out or that the experts of the Society — gentlemen who are v^-illing to
labor for the public good — might bring about standard plants as had
been done in the case of standard pots.

On motion of Mr. Hugh Wood, of Chicago, the Chair was
authorized to appoint a committee of five to see what can be done in
the way of grading potted plants, and to report at the next meeting.

Mr. E. H. CusHMAX, of Svlvania, Ohio: Mr. President, there seems to
be more in the sizing of bulbs and cut tlowers than perhaps we are aware of.
I move that a committee of five be appointed bj the Chair also to take into con-
sideration and prepare a schedule of the sizes of cut flowers and weights of
bulbs, and to present it at the next meeting.

Mr. Cushman's motion was adopted.

THANKS TO SUPERINTENDENT F. H. HOLTON.

Mr. J. C. Vaughan, of Chicago, 111., here presented and read
the following :

"At a meeting of Exhibitors, held August 20th at the Exposition Build-
ing, the following resolution Avas unanimously adopted :

That the thanks of the trade exhibitors are extended to Mr. F. H. Holton
of Milwaukee, Superintendent of the Exhibition, for his uniform courtesy and
untiring efforts in making the present Exhibition one of the best in the history
of the S. A. F.

(Signed) The Exhibitors."

Mr. Vaughan asked that this communication be spread upon
the records of the Societv.

Mr. E. H. CusHMAX, of Svlvania, Ohio: Mr. President, I move that reso-
lution as the expi-ession of this Society also.

90 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

President Burton stated the question on the adoption of th^ res-
olution as an expression of the sense of the Society.
It was adopted unanimously.

Secretary Stewart read cominunications received from the
PoAT Bros., of Ettrick, Virginia, and the Misses Wilson of Mont-
gomery, Ala., relative to samples of American grown bulbs of sev-
eral varieties, which had been forwarded for exhibition and would be
placed in charge of a cornpetent grower for testing as to forcing qual-
ities, during the coming season.

PRESIDENT-ELECT BREITMEYER INTRODUCED.

The result of the election of officers was here announced by the
Judge of the election, Mr. J. G. Esler, as follows :

Number of votes cast, 337. Two votes rejected.

For President, Philip Breitmeyer received 203 ; J. F. Cowell,
52 ; C. C. POLLWORTH, 55 ; John T. Temple, 24 votes.

President-elect Breitmeyer, being called for, was escorted to
the platform and greeted with much cheering. When the applause
had subsided he briefly expressed his thanks and pledged his best
efforts to the Society as an evidence of his appreciation of the honor
conferred upon him.

Mr. P. O'Mara, of New York : On behalf of Professor Cowell, who is
absent, I will saj that I think it would be his wish that the election of Mr.
Breitmeyer be made unanimous. I make that motion so far as Professor
Cowell is concerned.

Mr. O'Mara's motion was carried with applause.
Adjourned until evening.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 91

THIRD DAY. EVENING.

The Convention re-assembled at 8.30 p.m., President Burton
in the Chair.

SUBSTITUTES FOR COAL AND THEIR COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY.

A paper on this subject, prepared by W. R. Seattle, of the
United States Department of Agriculture, was read by its author.

The paper was as follows :

The use of greenhouse structures for growing plants for profit is limited
practically to the last half century, and the problem of warming the atmosphere
within these structures was one of the first to receive attention. I might men-
tion that greenhouse heating began by the employment of organic matter
packed tightly together, the heat thus generated being liberated and maintained at
a moderate temperature within the enclosure. Following this we have the stove
and flue methods, then the hot water system with its open cement troughs, the
cast iron pipe system with open expansion tanks, and at present hot water
under pressure for small establishments, and steam in its latest adaptations for
large ranges of commercial houses and conservatories.

It is scarcely necessary that allusion should be made to the phenomenally
rapid growth of the greenhouse industry in the United States, except as a
reminder that here is an industry that represents an important percentage in
the total of agricultural production. That which fifty years ago was a novelty
and a luxury with most persons indulging therein, and a means of financial gain
to a very few, has now reached the point where it represents the investment of
millions of dollars capital and the employment of an army of people.

In the case of a scarcity of fuel it is possible for the management of the
mill or factory to suspend operations, draw fires and water from the boilers, and
close down for an indefinite period without particular loss except in the delay in
filling orders ; not so with the grower of greenhouse products, for with him the
lack of fuel for a single hour in excessively cold weather may result in the loss
of his entire stock. This fact places the florist in a much more critical position
during a fuel famine than are his neighbors the manufacturers.

It is an old saying that " history repeats itself" and the past has shown
that differences occasionally arise between capital and labor and these invaria-
bly result in a shortage of some of their products. There is no doubt but that
there is plenty of fuel in this country to last for generations, but Nature has stored
it many miles from where man has contrived to use it, and emergencies must be
provided for. For general use in most localities, and under ordinary condi-
tions, there is no fuel that will compare with coal, either in price or results.

92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINETEENTH CONVENTION

In the time and space allotted, I will endeavor to point out some of the
methods whereby a temporary shortage of coal may be bridged over, together
with illustrations and descriptions of special appliances used in connection
therewith.

COAL.

As coal is the principal source of the production of artificial heat, and so
long as it remains the principal source, we will naturally adopt it as the stand-
ard by which to measure all other fuels. In order then that we may determine
the relative value of the various svibstitutes for coal, it will be necessarv first,
that we understand something of the heating power of the various grades of
coal, and the methods of determining this efficiency.

In all our calculations we use the B. T. U. (British Thermal Unit) as our
unit for measuring the heat given off by the combustion of any fuel. This unit
is the amount of heat required to raise one pound of water one degree, at and
from thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit. Reference is also made to the number of
pounds of water evaporated from and at two hundred twelve degrees per pound of
fuel, and per pound of actual combustible. The value of any fuel is measured by
the number of heat units that its combustion will generate. Carbon and
hydrogen represent the combustible portion of a fuel, and its heating value
depends upon the proportion in which these elements are present. All solid
fuels contain some moisture and more or less incombustible matter, either
sulphur or ash. The anthracite coals contain a moderate percentage of moist-
ure, are low in hydrogen, high in carbon, and moderately high in ash ; these
produce very little flame. Ordinary wood, on the other hand, is high in moist-
ure, comparatively high in hydrogen, and low in carbon and ash.

The following table shows the comparative heating value of the various

classes of coals :

Volatile
matter,

3.86

18.56

35.00

40.19

It will be observed that as we pass from anthracite to the softer grades of
coal, as the carbon decreases the volatile matter increases, and the heating value
decreases, except in certain of the semi-bituminous coals found in Pennsyl-
vania, Maryland, and West Virginia, which contain a higher number of heat
units and are capable of evaporating more water per pound than are the anthra-
cite coals, the highest of these being that known as Broad Top, Pa., containing
14,820 heat units per pound of coal.

By reference to the above table of heating values of the various classes of
coals, we can ascertain the comparative cost per thousand heat units at the
prices of coal delivered. Assuming the price per ton for the various coals to be
that given in the following table, we have :

Kind of coal .

Carbon

Anthracite

86.00

Semi-Bituminous

73.84

Bituminous

55.00

Lignites

38.78

;. T. U. per
lb. coal.

Water evap'd
per lb. coal.

13,220

13.66 lbs.

14,730

14.08 "

13,000

13.50 "

9,670

10.00 "

Kind of coal.

Price per ton
of 2240 lbs.

Price per lb.

Anthracite

$6.50

.290 ct.

Semi-Bituminous

4.50

.200 "

Bituminous

3.50

.156 "

Average

Kind of coal.

Price per ton.

Price per lb.

Anthracite

$6.50

.290 ct.

Semi-Bituminous

4.50

.200 "

Bituminous

3.50

.156 "

Average

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 93

Cost per 1,000
B. T. U.

.021936 ct.
,013578 "
.012018 "
.015844 "

These figures, however, would not be comparable with actual results accom-
plished by burning coal ufider the ordinary boiler, for they are based upon the
theoretical heating efficiency of the coal according to chemical analysis. The
results obtained in burning coal as reported by the United States Naval F'uel
Board were as an average for seventeen tests about eight pounds of water evap-
orated per pound of coal burned. Upon this basis the foregoing table should
be corrected to read as follows :

Cost of evap.
I lb. water.

.036 ct.

.025 "

.0195 "

.0268 "

It should be stated, however, that the above included the raising the water

from about one hundred thirty degrees Fahrenheit and evaporating it under a

pressure of about two hundred eighty pounds. This would require a greater

expenditure of energy and would in a measure compensate for the losses that are

common when using coal under ordinary conditions.

SUBSTITUTES FOR COAL.

Among the solid fuels that might be named under this head are wood, peat,
charcoal, coke, sawdust, spent tanbark, wheat or rye straw, bagasse or crushed
cane, corn fodder, corn cobs, and cotton stems. Of the gaseous fuels, natural
gas, blast furnace gas, water gas, and coal or illuminatirig gas. In the line of
liquid fuels there are two, petroleum in its various forms, and alcohol.

WOOD.

Where plenty of wood is available, it is perhaps the best and in the end
cheapest substitute for coal, principally because no special appliances are
required for burning it. Perfectly dry hard-wood contains almost as many heat
units per pound as does coal, and two cords of ordinary fire-wood are generally
considered to be equal to one ton of bituminous coal, so far as heating effi-
ciency is concerned. The heating efficiency of wood varies with the kind, as
well as with the amount of moisture it contains. Where an excessive amount
of moisture is present in the wood, a large amount of heat is consumed in
vaporizing this moisture; this heat would otherwise be expended in doing the
work for which the fuel is being burned.

PEAT.

In some parts of the country there are large beds of peat that might be
used as fuel, especially if put up in the form of briquettes. The manufacture

94 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH COX\"ENTION

and sale of briquettes has become an important industry- in some of the foreign
countries where many kinds of fuel are wanting. Various materials are used in
the manufacture of these briquettes, among which are lignite, coal dust and
screenings, peat, coal tar and products, coke, charcoal, and crude petroleum.
Although almost any of the fuels except the gaseous, may be made into bri-
quettes, the principal use for this method is the transforming of such sub-
stances as peat, coal dust, and fine slack into a form in which it may be readily
burned. Peat usually contains a high percentage of moisture, ^ten per cent when
thoroughly dried, and twenty-five per cent when air dried. About thirty per
cent of its available heat is consumed in evaporating this moisture. Peat also
contains a large amount of ash, fifteen per cent on an average, which very
greatly diminishes its fuel value. It is, however, about equivalent to good wood
as a heat producer, evaporating about six and a half pounds of water to the
pound of peat fed into the furnace.

CHARCOAL.

If charcoal be burned in ovens the byproducts of its manufacture make
the process profitable, but owing to the limited quantity of charcoal produced it
can scarcely be considered as a regular fuel. There can be no advantage con-
nected with the use of charcoal for heat production, as it contains as a rule only
about sixty per cent of the original heating value of the wood, and it is more
economical to burn the wood itself. Charcoal has about the same heating
efficiency as coke and anthracite coal.

COKE.

Coke is prepared by the distillation of bituminous coal in ovens or retorts.
Unfortunately the same conditions that govern the output of coal also control
the production and shipment of coke, and it cannot be depended upon for use
as a substitute for coal. Coke has about the same heating value per pound as
anthracite coal, and burns more freely, but does not last so long in the furnace.

SAWDUST

Sawdust can be utilized for fuel, but to get the best results it should be first
dried, then burned in a specially constructed furnace. The quantity of sawdust
available, however, is not sufficient to warrant our giving it any particular
attention. With about fifty per cent of moisture present, and under good
draught, sawdust has given an evaporation of four pounds of water, or about
4,750 heat units per pound of fuel. Spent tanbark is similar to and gives about
the same results as sawdust. In the use of both of these fuels it would be
advisable to dry them as thoroughly as possible, and then burn them with a
small amount of semi-bituminovis or bituminous coal to carry the fire.

Either wheat or rye straw have an application as a fuel wherever it is very
plentiful, three and a half pounds being equal to one pound of coal. Since we
have assumed, in our table showing the cost of evaporating one pound of water,

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 95

that semi-bituminous coal costs $4.50 per ton of 2240 pounds, and if it require
three and a half pounds of straw to do the work of one pound of coal, 7,840
pounds of straw will be required to equal one ton of coal. It would be neces-
sary, therefore, to purchase straw at 5.74 cents per hundred weight, or about
$1.15 per ton, in order that the cost might be equal.

Corn fodder and cotton stems might be placed in about the same class as
straw, and cannot be classed as of any particular importance as fuels. Corn
cobs, where available in any quantity, can be used to good advantage. No data
is available as to the effectiveness of cobs, but experience shows that the_v are
very efficient as a steam generator.

Bagasse or crushed cane is often used as fuel, but to be properly burned it
requires either to be first dried or else used in a furnace that is adapted to its use.

This practically covers the range of solid fuels, except, perhaps, a few of
minor importance, found in isolated locations onlj'.

GASEOUS FUELS.

Through certain sections of the United States there is to be found an
abundance of natural gas. Where it occurs in great quantities it is even
cheaper than coal. It is usually supplied on the basis of the cost of doing the
same work with coal, and as it requires very little attention it makes a very
desirable fuel. Very little is known regarding the thermal efficiency of natural
gas, and it varies greatly in different localities and between different wells in
the same locality. It is estimated, however, that 30,000 cubic feet are required
to equal one ton of the best coal. With coal at $4.50 per ton, natural gas would
have to sell at fifteen cents per thousand cubic feet to be on an equality with
coal; however the price would be comparable at twenty cents per thousand,
since no fireman is required, at least not for full time, and there are no ashes to
handle. Where Government buildings are heated by natural gas the contracts
are let upon the basis of the coal required to do the same work, the gas company
agreeing to maintain the proper temperature within the building and to supply
coal and the necessary firemen in case the gas should fail at any time during
the year. Where natural gas is used as the regular fuel it is always wise to
have a small supply of coal on hand, as the supply of gas is occasionally cut
off by breaks in the main pipe line.

COAL OR ILLUMINATING GAS.

This gas is produced by heating bituminous coal in air-tight retorts. Coal
gas contains only about twenty per cent of the heating value of coal, and could
not profitably be used except in an extreme emergency. Its production, like
coke, is dependent upon the output and delivery of coal, so it cannot be regarded
as a reliable substitute for coal.

BLAST FURNACE GAS.

Blast furnace gas is that which is given off by the partial burning of coal
in a blast furnace. This gas usually represents about sixty per cent of the

96 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

heating value of the coal; its composition, however, is irregular and its use
practically limited to the firing of' boilers connected with the blast furnace
establishment.

WATER GAS.

Water gas is produced by passing water vapor or steam over hot coal ;
this process produces a gas containing about fiftv-eight per cent of the heating
value of the coal.

There is a system of gas production from coal, now in use in England and
at two or three places in this country, known as the "-ISIond " system, by which
it is claimed a great saving of coal is secured. As the difficulties of securing a
sufficient supply of coal increase, the consumer will learn to adopt methods
whereby greater economy may be effected. In the production of " Mond " gas
a very costly plant is necessary, and its use would be possible only in large
communities where the interests were largely in common. It is claimed by this
company that in the production of power they have attained the ideal of " One
Horse Power, One Hour, One Pound of Coal." This, however, cannot be
realized by burning the gas under boilers, and may be possible only by convert-
ing the gas directly into power by means of gas engines. " Mond " gas is a
highly efficient form of water gas, containing upwards of eighty per cent of the
heating value of coal. The gas contains about a hundred and forty heat units
per cubic foot, and a gross ton of rough slack coal produces 140,000 cubic feet
of gas, or 19,600,000 heat units to the ton as compared with 32,995,200 heat
units in a ton of the best semi-bituminous coal, or 29,120,000 heat units in
ordinary bituminous coal. Although a greater number of heat units are con-
tained in a ton of coal than in the gas produced from a ton of coal, the heat
contained in the gas is much more available than that in the coal, as shown by
the results obtained in the recent tests made by the Naval Fuel Board, in which
only about half of the heating value of coal was realized. It is intended, how-
ever, that this gas shall be produced from the coal screenings and the waste
products which are usually sold very cheaply, and it is claimed that a ton of the
poorest slack will produce as much gas as a ton of lump coal of the same grade.

By comparing the data already given it will readily be seen that aside from
wood and natural gas, where it can be obtained, there is very little among the
solid and gaseous fuels that can be depended upon as substitutes for coal We
now turn our attention to the liquid fuels, of which there are but two that are
worthy of consideration. These are petroleum, either as it comes from the
well, or some of its products, and alcohol. The present supply and the methods
of the manufacture of alcohol would not warrant its extensive use as a fuel, but
the time may not be far distant when it may be produced in great quantities
from plants, perhaps ten to fifteen tons from an acre of ground. The thermal
efficiency of alcohol is not exceptionally high, being about 12,600 units per
pound, or 2,000 units less than the best semi-bituminous coal. Alcohol is
exceptionally efficient as a fuel, owing to the fact that most of the heat is
available and very little is lost in the process of combustion.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 97

PETROLEUM.

We now come to the consideration of the most important of all the sub-
stitutes for coal, in fact the only substitute aside from the wood that reaches any
degree of comparison. During the scarcity of coal last year there were many
attempts made to replace coal with oil, some few of which were rather satisfac-
tory. There is no longer any doubt regarding the mechanical part of oil-
burning, but the expense connected therewith is so much greater than with the
use of coal as to make it impractical under most circumstances.

Last year an oil burning test was made at the Bureau of Printing and
Engraving at WasHington, under the direction of the officials of the Treasury
Department; this test was made under a two hundred fifty horse power boiler,
and the oil was burned by means of two " Branch" burners. The report upon
this test reads as follows: "The result of the test shows that 13.8 pounds of
water were evaporated from and at 212 degrees F. per pound of oil. That the
total amount of oil consumed was 3,323 pounds, which at 320 pounds per barrel,
makes the cost, at $1.00 per barrel, $10.40, and that the amount of coal neces-
sary to evaporate the same quantity of water as was evaporated by the oil,
assuming 11 pounds of water to the pound of coal, would be 4,251.3 pounds,
which at $4.00 per ton would make the corresponding cost of coal $7.76."

In the catalogue issued by the Babcock & Wilcox Company, we find the
following statement regarding the relative value of petroleum and coal :
" Petroleum has a heating capacity, when fully burned, equal to from 21,000 to
22,000 per pound or say fifty per cent more than coal. But owing to the ability
to burn it with less losses, it has been found through extended experiments
that under the same boilers and doing the same work a pound of petroleum is
equal to 1.8 pounds of coal. The experiments on locomotives in Russia have
shown practically the same value, or 1.77. Now, a gallon of petroleum weighs
6.7 pounds (though the standard buying and selling weight is 6.5 pounds), and
therefore an actual gallon of petroleum is equivalent under a boiler to 12
pounds of coal, and 190 standard gallons are equal to a gross ton of coal." It is
very easy with these data to determine the relative cost.

At the wells, if the oil is worth say two cents per gallon, the cost is equiv-
lent to $3.80 per ton for coal at the same place, while say at 3 cents per gallon,
the lowest price at which it can be delivered in the vicinity of New York, it
costs the same as coal at $5.70 per ton. The Standard Oil Company estimate
that 173 gallons are equal to a gross ton of coal, allowing for incidental savings,
as in grate bars, carting ashes, attendance, etc.

The experiments just completed by the Naval Fuel Board are the most
comprehensive and thorough of any that have ever been conducted. As an
average for fourteen tests with crude oil as fuel, 11.60 pounds of water were
evaporated from about one hundred twenty degrees Fahrenheit, under a pres-
sure of 279 pounds, to each pound of oil burned. This is compared with the
results of seventeen coal tests in which the average evaporation was 8.12 pounds
of water to each pound of coal burned. This evaporation, in both cases, as will
be observed, took place at a very high pressure, and included the heating the

98 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

feed water to the point where it was evaporated. The equivalent evaporation
from and at two hundred twelve degrees Fahrenheit, for the oil would be 13.30
pounds of water per pound of oil, and for the entire seventeen tests with coal
the equivalent evaporation would be 9.21 pounds of water per pound of coal.
In these coal tests, three grades of coal were used, Pocahontas run of mine,
New River run of mine, and Pocahontas hand-picked and screened. During
the first three tests 'with Pocahontas run of mine, having a calorific value of
14,067 heat units per pound of coal, and 15,391 units per pound of combustible,
there resulted an equivalent evaporation of 8.65 pounds of water per pound of
coal fed into the furnace. The second three tests made with the same kind of
coal, but with a slightly higher heating efficiency, produced an equivalent evap-
oration of 9.40 pounds of water per pound of ccfel fed into the furnace. The
following three tests made with New River run of mine, having a calorific value
of 14,841 units per pound of coal, and 15,684 units per pound of combustible,
yielded an equivalent evaporation of 9.36 pounds of water per pound of coal fed
into the furnace. The remaining eight tests made with Pocahontas coal hand-
picked and screened, with a calorific value of 14,992 units per pound of coal, and
15,475 units per pound of combustible, yielded an equivalent evaporation of 9.30
pounds of water per pound of coal fed into the furnace.

Taking the general average equivalent evaporation, for the seventeen coal
tests, of 9.21 pounds of water per pound of coal fed into the furnace, we have
20,360.4 pounds of water evaporated from and at two hundred twelve degrees
Fahrenheit to each ton of coal consumed. Calculating the cost of coal at $4.50
per ton we have a rate of .0216 of a cent per pound of water evaporated. To
evaporate the same quantity of Avater, using oil as the fuel, as was evaporated
by a ton of coal, would require 1551.1 pounds of oil. Calculating 320 pounds
of oil to a barrel we have 4.85 barrels of oil equaling one ton of coal. Owing to
the fact that oil can be burned much more economically than coal, we are safe
in assuming that four ordinary barrels of crude oil are equal to one ton of the
best semi-bituminous coal for heating purposes. With these figures before us
and the price of both coal and oil at hand, we can very readily calculate the
comparative cost of each.

Crude oil is being successfully burned in locomotives throughout the
southwestern part of the United States, also in all kinds of steam generating
appliances wherever near enough the oil fields to warrant a cheap and plentiful
supply. The minimum amount of attention required to do the firing adds a
factor in favor of petroleum as fuel ; in the case of the steamship Mariposa,
sailing between San Francisco and Tahiti, the introduction of oil has reduced
the firing force from twenty-two to three men.

The use of crude oil is, however, attended with several difficulties ; it kills
animals that take it inwardly, and plants with which it comes in contact.
Crude oil contains all the more volatile elements, including the naphtha, and is
highly explosive and care must be taken in handling it. When burning it in
an enclosed furnace explosions are liable to occur should the flow of oil become
temporarily interrupted; upon the oil resuming its flow the furnace becomes

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 99

filled with gas which upon igniting produces an explosion. Where artificial
gas is available it is desirable to maintain a small jet within the furnace and
near the burner to serve as a lighter should the oil gas become extinguished.
Broken fire brick, which become white hot, will serve to relight the gases.

APPLIANCES FOR BURNING OIL.

There remains no question regarding the mechanical application of crude
oil in generating heat under boilers, and the only drawback to its general adop-
tion are the limitations imposed by the supply and cost. WitTi a sufficient sup-
ply in view, however, the limitation of cost may be disregarded during a short
emergency period.

During the shortage in the coal supply last year a great number of devices
for burning oil were placed upon the market, and many an "oiled brick"
scheme was imposed upon the public. The advantages claimed for many of the
so-called oil burning outfits, by those who had them for sale, were remarkable
indeed ; plenty of heat with half the cost of coal at ordinary prices, and absolute
satisfaction were liberally guaranteed. Many such outfits that cost perhaps
$2.00 to manufactui-'e were installed at a price ranging from $10.00 to $50.00. It
is needless to add that most of these were afterward discarded, and many of
them are now to be found in the junk shops.

In burning oil it is necessary to either transform it into a gas and mix with
the required amount of air before it is burned, or to spray or atomize it as it is
fed into the furnace. The object of a burner, in the use of oil as fuel, is to get
the oil into a finely divided state, and to get the particles in direct contact with
the oxj'gen of the air. The atomizing may be accomplished either by means of
steam or compressed air, the steam being the simpler where the burner is used
in connection with a steam boiler. In a large heating plant, where low pressure
steam is the method used, it would be necessary to install a small auxiliary
boiler to furnish high pressure steam with which to feed the oil burners used
under the low pressure boilers. Where electric power is available, a motor-
driven air compressor could be used to furnish the supply of air for atomizing
the oil. The higher the temperature of the steam or air used for atomizing the
oil, the greater will be the efficiency of the burner.

The Oil City Boiler Works burner, used by the Naval Fuel Board during
the first eight oil tests, vaporizes the oil by means of compressed air. The
Hayes burner, used in test No. 9, employs steam as the atomizing agent.
The Oil City Boiler Works burner, used in tests Nos. 10, 11, and 12, requires
steam to spray the oil. The F. M. Reed burner, used in tests Nos. 13 and 14,
volatilizes the oil by means of steam, after which a supply of air is added
before leaving the burner. The cost of these burners and the expense of their
installation can be had by addressing the manufacturers.

A very simple and efficient burner can be constructed in the following
manner : Procure an ordinary flange union, bolt together with thin iron washers
between the parts in order to hold them separated about half an inch ; close one
end by means of a cast iron plug and bush down the other end to not less than

100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINETEENTH CONVENTION

one inch or more than two inches ; this forms the burner, and it should be
placed in the center, or perhaps a little toward the front of the firebox, and
upon the grate bars. The bushing should form the lower end of the burner
and should be screwed to the top of an elbow attached to a pipe that makes one
or two turns around the firebox; a steam connection from the top of the boiler
is made to this pipe and the oil is fed into this steam pipe through a tee to which
is attached the oil supply, the connection being made just outside the furnace.
The oil supply should be controlled by a needle valve and the flow accomplished
by using a closed tank for the reservoir and compressing the air in the top of
the tank, the oil being drawn from the bottom. To start this apparatus steam
is first gotten up on the boiler by means of a coal or wood fire, first the steam
and then the oil are started through the burner and the coal fire allowed to burn
itself out. In experiments recently made with an eight horse power upright
tubular boiler, burning crude oil, an even flame of yellowish color with a blue tint,
■vyas secured, which worked the boiler to about two-thirds of its maximum capacity;
the burner used was made from a tM'o-inch flange union. In this test no smoke
was given off. For a larger burner a three or four-inch, or even larger, union
may be used, or two or three smaller unions connected together. The greatest
difficulty with burning oil occurs when the installation is under the smaller
class of hot-water heaters, such as are used in the moderately small greenhouse
plants. In that case it is necessary to generate the gas by passing the oil
through a heated coil or retort, and then burning it by the " Bunsen " method.
There are a number of makes of burners designed for the direct generation
and combustion of oil, but none of them give a perfect flame, due, as a rule, to
insuflicient air being mixed with the gas.

The firm of Lord & Burnham are agents for an apparatus for burning oil
which is rather simple in construction. A closed tank is used for containing
the supply of oil, the pipe leading to the retort and burner being taken from
the top of the tank. To the bottom of the tank is attached a valve connected
with the water supply, and as the oil is drawn from the tank it is replaced by
the water and a uniform pressure maintained. The oil and water will not
mingle and the amount of oil in the tank is determined by means of a gauge-
glass which extends from top to bottom of the tank. This system might be
employed in connection with the use of any burner.

A fair degree of success has been attained with a Bunsen system of burn-
ing refined kerosene, in which the gas was generated in a coil placed in the
fire-box, the gas being conducted from the coil downward to a point below the
level of the grate, where it was liberated through an orifice into a mixer, and
burned with a clear, blue flame over a wire gauze stretched over the top of the
mixer. This burner is very efficient, but is liable to produce a vibration that i.s
sometimes equal to the noise of a steam whistle. The wire gauze will last but
a short time, and should it become perforated the burner will flash back to the
nozzle of the mixer and burn with a white flame. The supply tank should be
elevated eight or ten feet above the burner in order to give pressure, and inlet

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 101

controlled bj a needle valve. This system would work well if supplied with air
from a pressure blower, as" the chief difficulty arises from the inability to mix
sufficient air with the gas.

CONCLUSIONS.

That coal is the cheapest and best fuel that the market affords, one pound,
under ordinary conditions, evaporating about seven and a half pounds of water
at two hundred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit.

That the provision for a liberal reserve supply of coal is, under most
circumstances, the safest method of providing for an emergency. This supply
need not be stored near the boilers, and should be used only when coal cannot
be secured from the regular sources. The interest on the money invested in
such reserve supply of coal will be wisely expended.

That a pound of dry wood Avill evaporate about four pounds of water at
two hundred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit. That wood is in many cases the
most efficient substitute for coal during a short period.

That where crude oil can be secured at a reasonable price it is the best and
most reliable substitute for coal, and where it can be purchased as low as $1.00
per barrel, it is preferable to coal at $3.50 and upwards per ton. That one
pound of crude oil will evaporate 13.3 pounds of water at two hundred and
twelve degrees Fahrenheit, and that one pound of oil has a heating efficiency
equal to that of about 1.6 pounds of coal. Also that the use of oil is clean and
economical so far as the fire-room work is concerned, and if properly burned,
no smoke is produced.

That the mechanical part of oil burning has passed the first experimental
stage and has proved successful. That there are a number of good burners
upon the market especially of the sprayer class, using compressed air or steam
for volatilizing the oil.

That a cheap and efficient burner can be made from comparatively in-
expensive materials.

That oil can be burned in an even and effective manner, especially under
steam boilers of the watertube class.

That petroleum will probably never replace coal for general use.

The following discussion of the paper took place :

Mr. J. G. EsLER, of Saddle River, N.J., said that crude oil, as
a fuel, was not obtainable because the Standard Oil Company were
purchasers of it, would not sell it and discouraged efforts on the part
of inventors to produce apparatus for burning the oil. He also said
that, in New York City, experiments made by the authorities in burn-
ing garbage had been successful and that, at some future time, florists
in the immediate vicinity of large cities might be furnished with fuel
free of charge if they would include in their plant a garbage-burning
apparatus.

102 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Mr. H. B. Beatty, of Pittsburg, Pa., in correcting a state-
ment by the lecturer that thirty thousand cubic feet of natural gas
equal a ton of the best coal, stated as a fact that each thousand cubic
feet of natural gas contain a thousand b. t. h. heat units. He said
the fact had been demonstrated in burning natural gas under boilers
that from eighteen to twenty thousand feet of natural gas equal a ton
of the best Pittsburg coal.

Mr. W. R. Beattie replied that the statistics he had given were
from the best published authority in the country but were not strictly
up to date. He said he w^as aware that Mr. H. B. Beatty had had
practical experience in the matter, and he gladly accepted that gentle-
man's correction.

Mr. L. C. CoRBETT, of Department of Agriculture, Washing-
ton, D.C., said :

While I have had no opportunity to compare the efficiency of coal and gaSf
I had some six years' experience in the use of natural gas in the heating of
greenhouses, and I found it exceedingly satisfactory because there is little work
for the fireman, no soot or dirt and no removal of ashes. Altogether it is
exceedingly satisfactory as a fuel.

On motion of Mr. John Westcott of Philadelphia, the thanks
of the Society were voted to Mr. W. R. Beattie for his lucid
explanation.

presentation to ex-president smith.

Mr. Robert Craig, of Philadelphia, Pa,, (having been
awarded the floor for a few minutes) said :

Mr. President, what I am to speak about is a matter of importance to our
friend, Wm. R. Smith, of Washington, and any matter of importance to him
certainly is interesting to all of us, for we look upon him as one of the greatest
friends of horticulture and floricultiire that America has ever had. For nearly
half a century he has been in the front rank of those who have labored to lift
our profession to a higher plane, and he has been eminently successful. We all
value his counsel in our meetings, we know how valuable a friend he nas been
to this Society from its inception, we listen with pleasure to him as he tells us
of the growth of American floriculture from its earliest beginning and of the
arrival of the first plant of Pandanus Veitchii and the first Latania Borbonica
in this country and of the many other plants, so rare in those days, which are

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 103

now within the reach of all for the decoration of their homes. So, when we
learned that our good friend, while on his journey to the Convention, had fallen
into the hands of the Philistines and had been robbed of his purse, we were very
much concerned. It did not seem to annoy him much that he had lost his
money; he seemed to think, "He who steals my purse steals trash," but
when he had come to this city, and in his room at night was robbed of the
watch which had been given him as a token of esteem from his friends in this
Society, then we could all see that he had met with a loss — that something he
valued highly had been taken from him. We all sympathized with him, it was
so unexpected, particularly after what Mayor Rose had told us about the moral
atmosphere and righteousness of this city, and that although eighty-five miles
from Chicago, there was no crime or. sin here. [Merriment.] The Mayor
looked like an honest man as he stood on that platform ; he had a fine, open
countenance ; none of us doubted his word, and this robbery of Mr. Smith
came to us as a great shock. I know that the Mayor has had his detectives at
work in this matter, that he has done all he could to find the watch and he has
not found it; but I am glad to say that the florists themselves, working along
other lines, have recovered the watch.

I am sure you will all join with me in the pleasure I have in restoring to
Mr. Smith the property he valued so highly. We have here the watch, the
Masonic chann and the ring, just as he lost them.

Mr. Craig, amid general applause, herelianded to Mr. Smith a
watch, chain, charm and ring, duplicating as nearly as possible the
articles which had been stolen.

Ex-President Wm. R. Smith feelingly responded, assuring his
friends of his grateful appreciation of their kindness and that the
presents would be doubly prized by him under the circumstances.
He saw around him, he said, faces which had been familiar to him at
many previous Conventions and he realized how sincere was his affec-
tion for them and for the Society. He said he was proud to have
been of some service to the Society in securing its National Charter.
He hoped to be spared to his friends a few years longer and would
continue to meet with them at their Conventions while he lived.
[Applause."]

presentation to president burton. '

Another pleasant incident of the evening was a presentation of a
handsome gold watch to President Burton. Mr. William Currie,
of Milwaukee, was the spokesman. He complimented the President
upon his efficiency and impartiality as a presiding officer and assured
him of the esteem and affection of all the members of the Society.

104 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

President Burton expressed his thanks for the beautiful present
and said he would treasure it while he lived.

STATE VICE PRESIDENTS.

The roll of States was here called for the selectio-n of State Vice
Presidents for 1904. Responses were made on behalf of the following
States, and the names given by them recorded as those of their
respective vice-presidents for the year 1904.

District of Columbia : George C. Shaffer, Washington.

Georgia : Charles E. Critchell, Atlanta.

Illinois, North : P. J. Hausworth, Chicago.

Illinois, South : J. F. Ammann, Edwardsville.

Indiana : Herman Junge.

Iowa : W. B. Perry, Crisco.

Kentucky : S. M. Harbison, Danville.

Massachusetts, West: L, B. Brague, Hinsdale, Mass. '

Michigan: W. C. Cook, Kalamazoo.

Michigan : G. F. Crabb, Grand Rapids. *

New Jersey : W. B. DuRie, Railway.

New York, East : Benjamin Hammond, Fishkill.

New York, West : C. H. Keitsch, Buffalo.

North Carolina : James M. Lamb, Fayetteville.

Ohio, East: E. George, Painesville.

Ohio, West : H. M. Altick, Dayton.

Penns3dvania, East : John Westcott, Philadelphia.

Virginia : H. Brown, Richmond.

Wisconsin : F. P. Dilger, Milwaukee. " \

THE humorous SIDE OF THE FLORISTS' BUSINESS.

An address on this subject was made by Mr. J. D. Carmody, of
Evansville, Ind. It afforded much amusement to a very large audi-
ence. He said :

Mr. President, I see that the Secretary or the Committee of Arrangements
has made me the tail in this institution. Though I am pretty old I am still
quite nimble and I may be able to brush the flies from the body politic and with
zephyrs of humor dispel the clouds of sorrow that may hover around the mis-
take that has been made. When asked to address this audience, on the present
occasion, upon this subject, I thought it would be a very easy thing to do,
being naturally light-hearted and always looking on the bright side of every-
thing, but when I came to tackle the subject I found that when you approach
humor in cold blood and sit down deliberately to try to be funny it is all up-hill
work.

/

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 105

Everything possessing animal life is more or less endowed with a sense of
humor, though it is said it takes a surgical operation to get a joke into an
Englishman.

It is a well known fact that horses laugh, hyenas smile, and mankind has
learned many monkey shines and a lot of frolicsome capers from their quad-
ruped companions.

The feathered tribe indulge in many merry antics, and even flies and fleas
seem to take great delight in playing tag on our bald heads and tickling us
mortals in out-of-the-way places.

Lambs gambol on the green, and it is said that men also delight to gamble
on the green (cloth) — ofttimes till the small hours of the morning.

Being endowed with a higher order of intellect and possessing the gift of
speech, mankind has more scope for emotional demonstrations than the rest of
the brute creation, and often takes the one step which reaches from the sublime
to the ridiculous, and in that step frequently dries tears of sorrow with breezes
of laughter.

In all walks of life incidents both serious and humorous lie along our
pathway in parallel lines, to darken or illumine our existence, and in my
experience I have found the florist's vocation one that affords an abundant
opportunity for the development of these antipod conditions.

The florist's vocation leads him into close relation with both rich and
poor. His business calls him alike to the palace of mirth and the chamber of
mourning. He decks the funeral bier and the banquet table ; he weaves the
chaplet of roses that crowns the bride as well as the wreath of forget-me-nots
that illumines the face of the dead.

He goes hand in hand with joy and sorrow, and it becomes his privilege
to dispel sadness with buds of promise that bloom into flowers of peace and
gladness.

In the monotony of dail}' business the florist's surroundings are such that
humorous incidents are of frequent occurrence, and both salesroom and potting-
shed are alike arenas of mirth.

No florist has not had in his employ queer characters as well as cranky
customers, who furnish numerous examples of the ridiculous. One source
of levity is the mangling of plant names.

I had at one time an " Oirishman " in my employ, one O'Neal by name,
who was a good workman and a well posted grower, but absolutelj'^ indifferent
as to the names of plants. When asked the name of any plant out of common
line by visiting customers, it was sure to be a Rorum Snoram Grandiflorum,
a Japanese Jincum, a Rodus Sidibus or some other outlandish cognomen, of
which he had a large vocabulary.

A Glorie de Dijon rose with him was a Glory to John. When I would
take him to task for these pranks, he would say : " Sure, begorrj', I grows
plants, I don't grow names. And if I did know the roight names and give it to
them spalpeens straight, they would be none the wiser. A divel a bate a gud it
'ud do 'em."

106 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

I was once asked for a Sweet Jureen by a colored " gemen." He said he
wanted it for his Ginnej. I found out, after some investigation, he wanted a
Rose Geranium.

An exquisite little lady customer called for a Maiden Prayer fern. She
said it was a very rare plant. A friend of hers had the only one she had ever
seen. I later discovered it was an Adiantum, or Maiden Hair fern, she wished
to see.

A tall, awkward-looking countryman from Posey County came into my
greenhouse one day, and after looking around for an hour or more his atten-
tion was centered on a peculiar-looking specimen plant, which seemed to excite
his curiosity. Calling to me he said : " I say, stranger, what in the Dickens is
that thar thing?" "That is a Bryophyllum Calycinum," said I, "and a very
unusual plant." " Well," replied he, "I never seed anything like it afore, but
that are jist what I thought it wor."

One season I had for a fireman, hostler and all-round workman, a native of
east Tennessee, very illiterate and very little memory for anything. One day
a clergyman and his wife visited the greenhouse, and being attracted by the
beauty of a double flowering begonia inquired the name of the plant. To this
the man, who at the time was the only outsider present, replied: " Well now,
I ain't real sartain sure, but I think as how it are a specimen of some sort or
'nother." The lady enjoyed his rather original reply, as she told me afterwards,
and added the incident to her list of good stories.

I had a boy — we will call him John — whom I took to teach me how to run
my business. Well, he was a case never to be forgotten. The monkey tricks
that boy played would often lay the genus Simian in the shade. He soon
learned the peculiar properties of a certain plant, namely, Caladium Arboreum
Odoratum. The smallest piece of the leaf stem taken in the mouth has the
effect of the Indian turnip. It produces a sensation like one had swallowed a
galvanic battery and all the chemicals. He would dose the boys that came
around the potting shed with this plant, getting them to eat it under the name
of Mexican sugar cane, and at times would have a gang of them all spitting
and drooling and vying with each other in making uncomplimentary remarks
regarding John and his sugar cane.

It was fun for John, but tough on the boys. One bright, spring day John
was plunging pot plants in a spent hot bed which was full of immense, fat
angle worms. Near him, seated on the upper edge of the frame, was a good,
big girl, " chinning" him for a bouquet. Becoming tired of her importunities,
and wanting a little fun, John picked up a fine, plump wiggler the size of a
small Garter snake, and with the remark, " Does birdie want a worm ?" gave it
a toss in her direction with aim so true that it dropped down between the girl's
high standing collar and the back of her neck. Up into the air went one
hundred and fifty pounds of girl, with a yell like a Comanche Indian. Then a
streak of calico and ribbon made a rush for the potting shed, which was the
nearest cover, with a squeal at every jump, while John cut all sorts of capers

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 107

over the pooi- girl's antics. I think a disrobing took place, but don't know, as
I thought best not to follow the girl; but John said he found some ribbon and
pieces of corset string after she had left.

In the florist business there is a great chance of misrepresentation and
swindling the public, and there are many unscrupulous people who make it
their business to sell all sorts of imaginary things backed up with gaudy colored
pictures, and give next to nothing in exchange for good money.

One early spring a fine looking woman canvassed our city selling red,
white, yellow and blue tuberoses. A. lady customer of mine, who had patron-
ized her, told me of the rare purchase she had made and wanted me to grow her
tuberoses on shares. You may well know I was very much amused, but I told
her that I would do so if she would take the colored ones and let me keep all
the white for mj'self. This she readily assented to do. The result was, I got
all the bulbs and she had nothing but experience.

Two years ago I was out in Colorado at a small town about forty miles
from Denver, and calling at the house of a friend I found the lady bargaining
with a M'ell-dressed looking man for some plants and roots, done up in paper
and pieces of rags, which he represented as fine clematis and choice shrubs from
a Denver nursery. The lady had already made a purchase to the amount of
five dollars or more. After the gentleman had left she asked me — knowing I
was a florist — what I thought of the plants. I told her that there was no clem-
atis in the lot, and the whole bunch, I thought, was a collection of weeds and
shrubs pulled up from the ravine not far from her house. " Oh, no ! " she said,
" that could not be; he was too much of a gentleman to do such a thing."
The following season I was back at the same place and asked the lady if her
clematis had bloomed yet. She gave me a sickly smile and said : " You guessed
the character of the man, as all I got was worthless weeds."

Yes, of course, I laughed and said : " I told you so ! " with that air of
superiority which belongs to us florists. In the early days of my connection
with the florist's business our customers had little idea of the value of cut
flowers.

During the holidays one winter, a girl of about thirteen years came into
my flower store bringing with her a good-sized market basket. She broke loose
at once with : " Ma's in a hurry and wants fifteen cents' worth of orchards, and
if yer ain't got any orchards she said give her some stursions and Schinele
roses, and put in some fern leaves and five cents' worth of smilax>" I told the
little lady my fifteen-cent orchids were not in bloom yet, and fifteen cents would
buy just half of a Marshal Neil rose. She looked quite dazed, and when I fur-
ther told her roses were worth two dollars per dozen, she went away muttering
something about " stingy folks." I thought she had reference to her mother.

It was a common practice for my patrons to endeavor to impress upon my
mind they were buying flowers to give away, therefore I should sell them at
reduced rates. My reply generally was : " That is the difference between you
and me. You are the giver and I am the seller. You must not expect me to be

108 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

giver and seller both. The more you pay for them the greater the gift, and the
greater the satisfaction you should feel in giving."

Close dealings in those days was a rule, as per example : A lady came to
my place one day in quest of a floral tribute for her daughter who was about to
graduate at the high school opening. When I told her it would cost from one
to five dollars she lost her breath and came near fainting. As she regained
consciousness she gasped in smothered tones : "I wouldn't mind twenty-five or
even fifty cents, if I could get some nice carnations and roses and a lily or two
in a good-sized basket; but I reckon I'll have to make her some paper flowers,
as I cannot afford such extravagance." My sleeves were full of laughter, but I
kept a straight face as I casually remarked : " As it is a literary entertainment
and your daughter has a paper to read, perhaps paper flowers would be appro-
priate." But I thought she had better ask her daughter which she would prefer.
She said my advice was good and so departed in good humor. Then the fun
that was up my sleeves burst out and I laughed good and long.

I am not a professional mind-reader, but I felt that there would be a hot
house where that woman lived that night. Sure enough, the next day the lady
came back looking very meek. With her came the daughter, a tall, strawberry
blond with hazel eyes, full of fire, denoting an up-to-date girl of the period.

The first thing she said was : " Mr. C , did you advise my ma to get me a

paper flower bouquet for the commencement tomorrow night.'" "Certainly
not, Miss. I simply advised her to consult with you regarding the matter."
*' There, ma, what did I tell you? Paper flowers !" she hissed out in disgust,
" for me, a graduate, with high honors ! Ma, ain't you ashamed of yourself .''
Would you wish me to appear so ridiculous.""'

" Mr. C , you make the nicest basket of flowers you can for five dollars,

and if ma don't pay for it I will."

When left alone I laughed again and patted myself on the back for being
an expert diplomat as well ^s mind-reader.

Many very funny things occur in connection with floral tributes at most
funeral occasions. You have all heard the relative beauty of different floral
offerings discussed, and the character of the giver will generally come in for
comments. ." The stingy things, it seems to me they might have given some-
thing better than that," or another will whisper : "Just see what extravagance
in them getting such a fine piece as that big pillar. Thej^'ll go hungry for a
week if the florist gets his money."

An amusing story is told of an "Oirish" lady whose late husband was
receiving the honors of a " dacint wake." They had commenced life at the
bottom of the ladder, but by Dennis getting into politics and other jobs he had
attained the position of alderman of his ward, and the wealth that generally
goes with the position. As a natural result many and beautiful were the floral
offerings the bereaved widow had to inspect and comment upon as they arrived
one after another. " Och a hone, arn't they beautiful jist.' See that great
cross of the Blessed Saviour, and the wreath made with roses so pure and beau-
tiful, just like Dinny dear. An that swate harp iv Oierland an the gates-a-jar,

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 109'

sure Dinny darlint has passed Peter's gates and is in Heaven playing a harp
this minute. Pace to his soul." All at once a change came over the tearful
face of the woman as a handsome anchor was brought in for inspection. Her
tears were at once dried by the fire of wrath. " Holy Mother! Just look at
that thing! Bad scran to the provoking divil that sent that pick. Och sure,
and don't Oi wish Dinny was aloive here fur a few minutes jist to bate the divil
out of the blaggard who sent that pick, just because poor Dinny used to work
on the strata. May old Nick fly away with him, who is the spalpane.^ Lave me
get at him. Oi'U scratch his two eyes into one."

When it was explained to the enraged widow, that the emblem was an
anchor of hope instead of the symbol of labor she had in her mind, she was
quickly appeased, harmony reigned again and Dinny was dacently interred.

The demand for special funeral emblems applicable to the vocation of the
deceased ofttimes taxes the inventive genius of the florist, and some of the
pieces suggested by the surviving friends frequently seems very ridiculous.

A butcher in our vicinity being in condition for a fvineral, one of his
intimate friends came to order a floral offering and insisted on its being in the
form of a cleaver. It occurred to me that such an implement was hardly the
proper thing. But as no one could tell the road he went or the conditions he
would encounter at the end of the route, perhaps it was the very thing he
would need.

A commercial traveler having been assigned a new territory in the
unknown world, I was asked to make a floral grip for his funeral ornamentation,
by some of his friends. " Did he die of the grip.-"' said I. "Oh, no! But as
his satchel was his constant companion," he said, " we thought it would be a
very appropriate emblem for this sad occasion." "All right," I replied. "It
shall be made ; but will I fill it with light underwear, or do you think something
heavier would be needed.'"' Not knowing his destination, they failed to advise,
so I, as a precaution, the man being an acquaintance of mine, filled the grip
with wet moss, which you know has a very cooling effect.

To an Englishman I am indebted for the following story, illustrating a
/case of ignorance of nomenclature of plants: A got-rich-quick lady in Eng-
land was possessed of a hobby for the cultivation of choice plants, the names
of which she was apt to distort and garble in the most ridiculous manner. A
nobleman whom she was showing through the conservatory, observing her
weakness and wishing to have some fun at her expense, asked if she had ever
had a specimen of the septandrum scabiosis ? " Oh, no! I used to have it very
fine, but I gave it to the Duchess of Sutherland, and I know her grace would
oblige if you expressed a desire for it." When you comprehend septandrum
scabiosis is Latin for "seven years' itch" you will be apt to enjoy the story,
unless you are too English to draw the proper conclusion.

We might continue these stories to a great extent, but we have taken
enough of your time in this manner for the present occasion and think these
will sufiice to prove that few vocations afford greater opportunity for enjoyment
than does the florist's profession.

110 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Now let me add that to women — God bless them — we are wholly indebted
for the very existence of our calling. Thej are really our sole patrons, for what
they do not purchase men buy because of them. It is my opinion that flowers
were the after-thought of the Creator and were made for woman's especial
pleasure and adornment. I doubt if flowers were in existence prior to the
advent of women, for there was no demand for them ; but God having made
woman to please man, flowers were then made to please woman. There is no
woman who is not fond of flowers and gems for adornment of her person, and
flowers are Nature's own gems, with which she beautifies the earth.

F lowers are but Nature's gems,
L oaned to us of mortal realms ;
O urselves with them we'll beautify ;
' R ound our homes we'll multiph-
a' 11 their bright, entrancing gleams,
L ighting up our waking di'eams.

G ems are thej-, for though tliey fade
E ach bloom has its history made —
M emories are immortal.

Yes, flowers are the radiant gems

That deck the fields w'hen Spring returns.

Then Nature weaves fair diadems
Of blossoms sweet and emerald ferns.

Pearls and rubies together meet

When dew-drops rest on roses red.
Diamond gleams in vain compete

With gems which glow from Flora's bed.

In the civilized world the florist is the honored attendant and companion
of his fellow-man from the cradle to the grave. He is at. the christening of the
infant ; at stated periods of the youth's education he is called for, and when the
young man steps to the front, a graduate, on the platform of some high school
or college institution and shies his castor into the arena of public life to do
battle in the world of business, he finds encouragement in the florist's handi-
work, tossed him by loving hands.

In love-making the florist is Cupid's right bower, and ofttimes the Joker to
trump the best card of a lover, with flowers from a rival who knows the value
of the florist's art. At the wedding he lights the fire on Hymen's altar and
twines the garland of roses that bind two loving hearts together for life (unless
separated by the scissors of divorce), and when death enters the door he miti-
gates sorrow with the sweet incense of flowers, which rises to the soul that's fled.

To conclude, there should be no pessimist in the florist's profession. The
Creator has made you His chosen people to carry on His divine work of creation.
The building of cities and labor in the channels of commercial pursuits is
man's work, but they who make Nature a study, and in obedience with her laws
plant and propagate to bring from mother earth new beauties to cheer the souls
of their fellow-men are doing God's work in completing this world, left bv the

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. Ill

Creator in an unfinished state. Everj park with its lakelets and drives, its
beautiful landscape scenery and beds of flowers and its terraces, are all in the
line of God's work left for man to accomplish. Every flower that blooms under
your care is a smile of i-ecognition of your labor. Keep on with your good
work of creation and decoration, also learn to cultivate huppiness as you go
through life, and with good deeds turn sorrow into gladness. Beautify that part
of this world over which you have control, and when you slide off this earth
may you light somewhere on a bed of roses — spiritual flowers of your own
cultivation, gone before, awaiting to welcome with their sweet perfume your
entrance into that land where all is joy and gladness.

Upon the conclusion of Mr. Carmody's address, which was
much enjoyed and applauded, a vote of thanks was tendered to him
by the Society for his entertaining paper.

final RESOLUTIONS.

The Committee on Final Resolutions presented the following
report, which was read by the Secretary :

Whereas^ the citizens of Milwaukee, and particularly the Milwaukee Flor-
ist Club, have extended to us a most hearty welcome, and have made our staj'^
in their beautiful city an occasion long to be remembered, now therefore

Resolved, That we owe to His Honor, the mayor, the thanks of the Soci-
ety for his hearty welcome, and

Resolved, That the thanks of this Society be extended to the Milwaukee
florists for their untiring energy during our sojourn here, and

Resolved, That the thanks of this Society are due to Mr. Holton, superin-
tendent of the trade exhibition, for the able and efiicient manner in which he
conducted the trade exhibit.

Resolved, That the thanks of this Society be extended to all the essayists
tor their able papers.

Resolved, That to the daily press of Milwaukee we tender our thanks for
the very able reports given of our meetings.

Resolved, That to the ladies who added so much to our pleasure, while
here, and who were so untiring in their efforts to please, our warmest gratitude
is due, and upon returning to our home we will all remember the " bright
spot," and the kindly efforts put forth by the florists of Milwaukee, in our
behalf.

E. G. GiLLETT,

Walter F. Sheridan,
Wm. F. Gude.

On motion of Mr. Robert Craig, of Philadelphia, the report
w^as accepted and placed on file.

112 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

ADJOURNMENT.

President Burton then stated that the business of the annual
convention had been finished, and announced an adjournment sine die.

FOURTH DAY.

Friday, August 21, 1903.

The florists were today the guests of the Milwaukee Florist Club,.
on a lake excursion to Chicago, on the steamer Virginia. At 9 a.m.
the party left Milwaukee, and at 2.30 p.m. arrived at their destina-
tion. Beautiful weather made the trip on the water a most enjoyable
one, and all arrangements for the comfort of the visitors were com-
pleted with rare attention to detail. A band of music furnished
entertainment and a buffet lunch was served on the steamer, and
before disembarking three hearty cheers were given for Milwaukee.

At Chicago the visitors were received and entertained by com-
mittees representing the Chicago florists, seedsmen and allied trades.
A reception committee at the dock acted as an escort to the headquar-
ters at 62 Wabash Avenue, where "open house" was in order dur-
ing the afternoon and refreshments were served. At 5.30 p.m., the
visitors were conducted to the banquet room of the Auditorium
Hotel, where a dinner w^as served at six o'clock, there being about
six hundred guests at the tables.

Prior to the serving of the courses the guests were welcomed by
Chairman J. C. Vaughan, of the General Committee of Arrange-
ments. He said :

Members of the Society of American Florists, At the time of the gathering
for the Milwaukee Convention, it occurred to the horticultural trades of Chicago
to ask the members of this Convention, when returning from Milwaukee, to
stop for a moment on their journey home and break bread with us. There
were represented the florists, the seedsmen, the builders and the allied trades of
Chicago. On their behalf I have the pleasure tonight to welcome you here.
While there is a general representation of those trades we can see that the flor-
ists constitute the main body of this gathering; and we have here, co-operating
with our committee, President Thompson, of the Chicago Florists' Club, who-
joins with me in this welcome to you. [Applause.]

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 113

President J. D. Thompson, of the Florists' Club, briefly but elo-
quently welcomed the guests to the city of Chicago and expressed
the hope that their stay would be a pleasant one.

Chairman Vaughan, who presided at the dinner, explained that,
as the hour for the concert at the Coliseum Gardens was fixed for
7.45 p.m., it was necessary to economize time by dispensing with set
speeches on the present occasion.

Later in the evening, Mr. Robert Craig, of Philadelphia,
responded to the call of the Chair and entertained the company by
singing, " The Bonny, Bonny Banks of Loch Lomond."

A pleasant incident of the banquet was the presentation to Mr.
Vaughan of a handsome diamond ring. The presentation was made
by Mr. \V. N. Rudd, of Chicago, who asked permission to inter-
rupt the diners for a few moments. Chairman Vaughan refused to
countenance the interruption, but Mr. Rudd persisted in holding the
floor, and spoke as follows :

It has been said, ladies and gentlemen, that a prophet is not without
honor save in his own country. It has also been said that exceptions prove the
rule, and I think we are able to prove the rule tonight by an exception. We
have here, in Chicago, a man who has been identified with the Society of
American Florists from the very day of its birth down to the present time ; one
who has always been in the front rank and a pioneer in every movement in the
way of progress ; one whom you all know and who has taken a back seat on
occasions to advance the interests of the Society and recognize the merits of
other men. This is, for me, a night for plain speaking. We have with us the
founders of the Society, and yet I say that no one among them all has done
more for the Society of American Florists than our worthy and honored leader
in Chicago, your present toastmaster, Mr. J. C. Vaughan. [Applause.]

Impressed with the knowledge of this fact, and in order to show our appre-
ciation of the work that gentleman has done, members of the craft in the city
of Chicago unanimously secured that which I hold in my hand, as a token of
their esteem, and they have honored me by requesting me to present it to Mr.
Vaughan with assurances of their sincere admiration and regard for him. We
realize that the value of this little ornament is but as a drop in the bucket com-
pared with the debt that we owe him ; for there are many of us who, if our con-
tribution to a testimonial to Mr. Vaughan had been proportionate to our indebt-
edness to him, would go home bankrupt tonight. [Applause.]

Mr. Vaughan good natiu-edly replied that, whatever might be
his failings as a presiding ofiicer, he had known what he was about in
declining to recognize Mr. Rudd as entitled to the floor. He then

114 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

accepted the gift and assured the donors of his appreciation of its
value as a perpetual reminder to him of their kindly feelings for him
and as a memento of the present happy occasion. He thanked them
most cordially and tendered them his heartfelt wishes for their contin-
ued health and prosperity. [Applause.]

Upon resuming the duties of the Chair, Mr. Vaughan called
attention to the exceptional distinction enjoyed by President Burton
in having been more highly honored than any of his predecessors by
an election for two successive terms. He suggested that that gentle-
man favor the company with a parting word before going back into the
ranks to again fight the battles of the Society.

President Burton responded by congratulating his hearers upon
the success of the Convention which had just closed. He said he had
been attending the Conventions of the Society for about eighteen
years ; that some of them were distinguished by what were thought
to be improvements in the exhibition, others were noticeable for an
increase in the membership and the attendance, and some were con-
spicuous for an improvement in the papers that were read, but he
thought that the distinctive feature of the present Convention — one
which he regarded as especially worthy of emulation — was its fra-
ternal spirit and the social enjoyment it had afforded. He said he
would long remember the spectacle of this evening as a fitting climax
to one of the most enjoyable conventions that it had ever been his
good fortune to attend. [Applause.]

Chairman Vaughan then announced that two minutes of the
time remaining before departure for the concert would be given to an
outlook for the future.

President-elect Breitmeyer, being called upon, responded. He
expressed his appreciation of the honor conferred upon him in being
called to preside over the Society in the coming year. He remarked
that he had been so overwhelmed by his sense of the importance of
his new position that he had been in a trance ever since his election
and was only now recovering from the effects of it. He regretted
that the two-minute limit prevented him from saying all that he would
like to say and he could only express the hope of meeting all present
at St. Louis next year, especially the ladies, and that they would

SOCIETV OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 115

brin^ their sons and daughters with them to enjoy the spectacle of
floricuhural. progress at the great World's Fair. [Applause.]

Chairman Vaughan then detailed the arrangements for the con-
veyance of tlie guests to the concert, under the escort of the Chicago
committee.

The festivities here closed and the company retired.

William J. Stewart, Secretary.

116 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

REPORTS OF STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS FOR 1903.

CALIFORNIA.

As Vice-president for California I have the honor herewith to submit to-
your honorable body a yearly report of the principal features of the Department
of Horticulture to date as found by me and from various reports received from
different sections of the State.

My observation and additional reports from all over the State show that
the past year has been as usual a successful business year for California Horti-
culture and especially a highly successful one for the cut flower trade, with a
large demand, good prices in general for the different seasons, and the holidays
especially. There has been a market for everything the growers had to sell for
the past year, but this is nothing unusual in California.

The features of special interest are the following :

Expansion. The progressive growers of cut flowers, seeds and nursery
stock, as well as many retail florist stores, have increased their facilities in
central and northern California to meet the increased demand, and many new
firms are springing up continually. The attention of everybody is centered on
the cut-flower trade, and an immense lot of glass houses are going up all over
the State, and especially in the large cities and their suburbs, as San Francisco
and Oakland. Even local capitalists became interested in putting up a mam-
moth establishment for the growing of cut flowers on a large scale, and Burlin-
game in San Mateo County was selected as the place. The greenhouses are
nearly all completed. I believe this new establishment will have nearly sixty
thousand square feet of glass at the present time, and they have very recently
secured the adjoining land on which they intend next spring to redouble their
plant. Domoto Brothers (the Japanese nursery), of Oakland have bought an
additional thirty-five acres of land for the enlargement of their present already
large glass area and nursery and have put up additional sixty thousand square
feet of glass for this season alone. Their houses are with all the modern
improvements. A great many small establishments are going up everywhere.
Many growers have rebuilt their houses. We have here in California a local
glass factory, the Pacific Glass Window Company, which is not in the glass trust
and sells glass cheap, and the other building material is also not too high.

Cut Flower Trade. It can be said safely that there is nowhere else in
the United States, a more liberal flower-buying community than the Californian,,
and therefore the cut-flower trade is constantly on the increase, as shown by
the increased facilities to meet the flower demand.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 117

In central California, the retail and wholesale trade was astonishingly
good. In northern California the retail and wholesale trade was good. In
southern California, the retail trade Avas better than in all former years.

In San Francisco, we have only one wholesale florist store conducted by a
large grower of cut flowers. All the rest of the growers deliver their goods to
the retail florists of which there are a great many with a number of new ones
continually springing up in all directions in the large cities, San Francisco
especially. In southern California the cut-flower trade is on the increase con-
tinually, and in Los Angeles several new florist stores have been opened. The
Los Angeles florists and growers alike were making large shipments. At the
latter city, owing to the fact that Arizona and New Mexico, as well as the
western end of Texas and more southern California points, depend in a large
degree upon Los Angeles for their flowers, the demand was unprecedented.
In northern California the cut-flower trade is generally good and steady.
Large shipments of cut flowers were made by the San Francisco and Oakland
growers to northern points of California, and unusually large shipments to all
adjoining northern states. Sj'dney Clack, of Menlo Park, and E. W. McLellan's
Company, of Burlingame, were the largest shippers north. The retail cut-
flower trade has enriched many florists in San Francisco especially, but the
conditions for the gardeners who work for wages are not as good as thej-
could be.

Holiday Trade. The holiday trade for the past year is reported from all
parts of the State as very satisfactory. My own observations caused me to
state, that for the different holidays it was possible to sell " any old thing " for
a good price, be it cut flowers or pot plants.

Plants in bloom and with berries and fruit sell best at Christmas ;
flowering plants and flowering shrubs and foliage plants at Easter. Choice
cut flowers are usually sold at high prices for holidays ; good flowering and
foliage plants and flowering shrubs in pots bring unusually high prices and are
as a rule very scarce.

Greens for decorative purposes are in great demand at holidays and sell
well. There is alwaj-s an unlimited supply of greens in the market.

Outdoor Flozvers. In general the out-of-door flowers were very good this
year. It is needless to speak about the enormous quantity of outdoor flowers that
are raised for the cut flower trade by the California growers. The California
violets are always in the lead and so are sweet peas and chrysanthemums in
their respective seasons. Around large cities the sweet peas and chrysanthe-
mums are being raised chiefly by Chinese. In former years the violets were
also raised by the Chinese but last year chiefly by Italians.

The best of outdoor chrysanthemums are being raised in San Rafael in
Marin County by white men. Chrysanthemums of said locality bring always
the best prices in the market and the stores claim that they are as good as the
most of those raised under glass in other localities.

Branches of flowering shrubs also sell very well.

118 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Plant Trade. Notwithstanding the most favorable conditions in Cali-
fornia for the growing of flowering and foliage pot plants, this State is far
behind thS times in the cultivation of reallv good showj and marketable pot
plants in general. It has to be stated that there is little sale for poor flov/er-
ing and foliage pot plants ; but the opposite is the case with good
pot plants of which there is always a scarcity and a shortage in the mar-
ket. I believe that those that will take up this so much neglected branch
will find it highly profitable, not only for the supply of the local markets, but
also establish a large export trade. It has to be remembered that most of the
plants can be raised here in our climate without heating the greenhouses, and
even without greenhouses at all.

Very few firms are raising marketable pot plants and these progressive
ones that do raise them command their own prices foi» same, as there is no
competition in good pot plants.

The Bedding Plant Trade. The bedding plant trade was never good in
California and little of bedding plants were raised last year, for which however
the demand was somewhat larger than in former years, consequently causing a
shortage. Judging from reports from central and northern California there
will be a great deal of bedding done next year.

Nursery Trade. The Nursery trade in general has been good in California
for many years and was excellent for the past year. One can sell Nurserj^
stock without effort or difficulty in California as a rule with a good price — in
fact it can be justly stated that almost anything can be sold for fair prices
without effort or advertising in California.

There is no competition to speak of in ornamental trees, shrubs and
plants. Good perennials are always a drug in the market and bring good prices.

There is however little competition in fruit trees, but the prices are good
nevertheless and the trees easily sold.

In southern California, fruit trees are bringing very low prices, but are
sold in great quanities.

Pomology. Although the fruit industry is so prominent in California,
pomology, I am sorry to say it, has been totally neglected and there exists a great
chaos in nomenclature, which is detrimental to the fruit industry of California.
This demonstrates the great and urgent necessity of at least three pomological
gardens in central, northern and southern parts of the State.

To help this branch along the California State Horticultural Alliance is
making vigorous preparations for the establishment of a Pomological Depart-
ment, and proposes to closely investigate the fruit industry of the State from a
scientific standpoint, classify the varieties as to their commercial value for long
shipment, for the table, the kitchen, the canneries, the early and late bearing,
their productiveness and their habits in general; to ascertain where the
different varieties do best and what varieties are fitted best for the different
localities ; to make a map of the State, plainly showing the districts adapted
best for the different horticultural productions and the fruit especially.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 119

That this is the most important move that was ever made in this State in
the interest of the California fruit industry would soon become evident.

If fully carried out the program will result in great good to the craft, the
trade and to the State in general.

Bulb Industry. The trade for the past year in the line of bulbs has been
good. The demand for bulbs is on the increase. This is due to the fact that
bulbs are doing finely in California and everybody is planting flowering bulbs
of some kind. Two years ago David Tish raised hyacinths in Oakland which
were superior for forcing, and the flowers larger in size than the Dutch. James
Nivens has achieved similiar results with tulips in Oakland. Daffodils were
raised in almost unlimited quantities last year; the cultivation of other bulbs is
being taken up slowly. Observations have shown us that this State is
exceptionally well adapted for the cultivation of bulbs ; the bulbs get large in
size and will ripen better and be more solid than bulbs grown anywhere else.

There are several new firms who specialize on bulbs. Reports from
southern California report also new firms in that line. The export of calla
bulbs froin California is larger than in previous years.

Seed Industry. The selling of seeds at retail was, during the past year,
carried on in the usual scale and is, generally speaking, satisfactory, with very
little competition. The raising of seeds for the wholesale trade is on a rapid
increase in California, but very little is said about it, and it will in a short time,
judging from the data at hand, become a great industry in California.

The demand for California-grown seeds was, during the last year, so great
that those engaged in the raising ^of seeds could not fill all orders. French firms
were practically struggling for California seed crops. All this demonstrates
either the superiority of the California-grown seeds or else some other favor-
able conditions, amongst which will be the undisputable fact that while the
rainy seasons have damaged and spoiled certain crops in eastern States and
in Europe, that the California crops can always be counted on. The Cox Seed
Company has made the heaviest shipments to Europe and the East during the
past year.

The demand is great and the supply is short, and there is no competition
whatsoever, despite the fact that several firms are engaged in the seed-producing
industry.

Laftdscape Gardening iti California. All over our State is loud longing
for nature's reservation and protection near our settlements. To appreciate life
in California one needs to realize the charm of its scenery. From such realiza-
tion must spring the true spirit of protection and embellishment of our land-
scape. Such a heritage as we are called upon to administer carries with it a
responsibility that should be felt by everybody, most of all by those who are
charged with the steps to be undertaken in this campaign of " improvement."

There is a great deal done in laying out and planting, what some might
call landscape gardening, but as everything seems to be good enough and sat-
isfactory for the good natured Californians, therefore it must be stated emphat-
ically that landscape gardening is in a very crude condition in this State.

120 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

There are many private places which were laid out in the past by professional
landscape gardeners on which the work has been carried out artistically; but
most of the Avork of late years is not up to date, especially the work that was
carved out for public institutions. It deserves not only great criticism but also to
be condemned for the reason, not only that the tax payers had been deceived or
practically held up and robbed through worthless work, but because, instead of
adding to the beauty of the cities and raising the value of the property, it has
done in many cases just the opposite where it deforms and spoils the beauty of
the cities and lessens thereby the value^^of the real estate. The last is very inju-
rious to the State.

The cause of this is the inactivity of the practical horticulturists and the
activity of the " political gardeners" and their hirelings and allies who usually
get into such positions not only to the detriment of horticulture but also to
the detriment of the community and the State at large, because few of those are
professionals. With these perverted conditions we are face to face in
California.

Parks and Cemeteries. While we have nice parks in California and beau-
tifully.laid out and kept up cemeteries, at the same time in many places we see
the signs of injudicious work, committed especially on public parks. The
public parks of late years are mostly fake work, carried out by non-professional
men. The politicians who usually are in charge of the same are men who fear
the professional gardener, so he would not point out their mistakes ; politicians
even persecute the gardeners if they can, and if not then they place them below
the laborer, with the commonest work in every respect, and surely only as
laborer on the pay roll, or even below.

All this plays havoc with the gardeners all through California, and is very
injurious to the interest of horticulture, because it degrades our profession
beyond description, and has a discouraging effect for the gardeners to remain
in California.

As such conditions are becoming universal and more injurious if pro-
longed, the Society of American Florists should take some action in this matter
against such affairs and recommend that only professional gardeners be placed
on Park Commissions, and not as it is at present, where seldom or never a
gardener is taken on a Park Cominission. San Francisco wants more parks and
will probably succeed in getting them. San Diego has fourteen hundred acres
of land on which they want to make a park. The California Art League is
agitating in larger cities for more parks and the beautification of private and
public places, but has met with very little success so far in its noble work.

Nomenclature. It seems to be an old custom in California among the non-
progressive gardeners to pay little attention to nomenclature in horticultural
respects, which is to be regretted.

This demonstrates the need of botanical and pomological gardens through-
out the State for educational purposes and for reliable information for the
gardeners and for the public in general.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 121

In California it is even dangerous to call the attention to such mistakes,
especially to exhibitors for fear of being shut down. Surely this does not com-
pare favorably with the great desire for correction of the average Eastern
horticulturist, who appreciates being corrected when he is wrong.

Organizations , Meetings and Exhibitions. We have the following Societies
in this State, that were organized for the purpose to promote Horticulture in
its different branches : The Society of American Florists, whose National
Convention will be held on August 18 to 21st, 1903, in Milwaukee, Wis.

The California State Floral Society whose membership is composed
chiefly of ladies. This Society holds meetings once a month and takes great
interest in wild flowers. Through the aid of this Society the State Legislature
has adopted the Eschscholzia Californica, as California's emblem.

The Hortensia Horticultural Society of Oakland, Cal., is a German
organization of gardeners and has begun its fifth yea.r of existence. Our
Gel'man friends, although a small organization, are very sincere and earnest in
their work and meet twice a month, discussing only horticultural subjects ;
holding lectures and socials occasionally. Many interesting essays have been read
at their meetings, and they are doing good work in general. This Society pro-
poses to hold an educational floral, fruit and vegetable exhibition in Oakland
in October, and raised at their last meeting, among themselves, $75.00, which
will be added to their exhibition fund. This Society has given the start to the
Pacific Coast Horticultural Society of San Frantisco (a local organization only),
which has held during the past year a suminer exhibition, a dahlia show, a
chrysanthemum show and a spring exhibition.

This organization has protested twice to the Park Commissioners in San
Francisco against the free distribution of plants from the public parks, as being
injurious to the trade, but their two protests were totally ignored, and an
immense lot of plants of all kinds were freely distributed. After that no
further action was taken by this organization.

Then we have also the California Art League, with branches in larger
cities, which is agitating for the beautification of parks, private and public
grounds, in cities and towns. Then comes the last but not the least, " Our
Baby," the California State Horticultural Alliance, to which the urgent neces-
sity and existing conditions gave birth on May 7, 1903.

This organization has the gratifying pleasure of having the President of
the United States, Theodore Roosevelt, as its first honorary member.

The object of this State organization is, through unity of action, to bring
within the fold of an active, vigorous central body and State organization, with
auxiliary branches in interior towns and cities, all florists, gardeners, nursery-
men, fruit growers and others engaged in useful and ornamental horticulture
throughout California; to secure to its members, which will include persons
interested or actively engaged in amateur and commercial floriculture, such
educational, commercial and social advantages as can be secured only by united
action and mutual co-operation along city. State and county lines.

122 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

San Francisco, Alameda and Marin counties are organized, and the organ-
ization of other counties will follow gradually.

The most notable event of the present is, that the activity of the Alliance
has caused terror in the hearts of the "political gardeners " and their hirelings
and allies, who do not believe that the professional gardeners throughout the
State should combine.

The "political gardeners" fear that the professional gardeners will come
before the public and express their opinions, which might conflict with their
opinions or interfere with their work, which they seem to question themselves.
New Plants not yet in the Market. Henry Kessel of San Francisco, the
most scientific fern grower in California has raised a new Adiantum of a very
rapid growth and full fronds and long, strong stems, which is very promising
for the cut flower trade. It is a cross between A. cuneatum and A. Farleyense
and it is a beauty.

Henry Schluter of San Rafael, Marin County, has raised a new Adiantum
of rapid upright growth with long stems. It is between Adiantum gracillimum
and A. cuneatum. It has finer leaves than A. cuneatum.

California Nursery Company, of Niles, exhibited in August, 1902, a new
fern seedling with a peculiar formation of the fronds. It is a curiosity.

Gustav Gagne, of San Francisco, has raised a new variegated sort of
Aralia Sicboldii in many shades.

Schwerin Brothers of San Francisco had on exhibition in May, 1903, a nice
white carnation seedling which was awarded a certificate of merit. The flower
is very good shaped and large.

John Sievers & Company, of San Francisco, has a large house full with
many hundreds of new carnation seedlings which are being tested as to their
value for the cut flnvver market. Many of their seedlings are very promising.

The Sievers Company will next year put on the market the " Rose Pf un-
der," a new carnation of light terra-cotta color, and for 1905 the following new
varieties which are now tested by the Eastern growers :

A. B. Spreckles, Hannah Hobart, Mrs. McKinley, R. Raymond, Mrs..
Whitelaw Reid.

This firm has also a blue sport from Hobart. The blue carnation promises
to be very valuable.

Bruno Lilienthal of Oakland, Cal., has" discovered while traveling in
Russia two new violets of an extremely strong and vigorous growth, one with
single white flowers, the other with double white flowers. The single white ha&
a large flower on a very strong stem, in length from twelve to sixteen inches,
the double white with strong stems in length from eight to nine inches. The
flower of the single violet resembles the cyclamen and is very fragrant. Flow-
ers when cut will keep well in water very long. The single one produces seeds
very freely.

The California Nursery Company of Niles, Alameda County, has a new
walnut-hybrid, a cross between Juglans regia and Juglans nigra. This is a very-
interesting new seedling which might prove very valuable to this country'.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 123

A. D. Prjal of North Temescal, Alameda County, has a new improved
Logan berry, which is sweeter than the original Logan berry and promises to be
a great improvement on the original variety. Mr. Pryal exhibited this new
berry twice at the meetings of the Oakland Branch of the California State Hor-
ticultural Alliance.

Kiyow Brothers, Japanese growers, of San Francisco, have several new
carnation seedlings, of which two, one pink and one red, have a good future.
The red one resembles the A. B. Spreckles carnation in all respect*.

Grallert Company of Colma, San Mateo County. — Mr. Grallert is an
expert on Coreopsis lanceolata and has improved them by hybrydizing and calls
them " Grallert's Hybrids." The Grallert Company has made a little fortune
with cut Coreopsis, which are constantly in demand in the cut flower market.

New Devices. George Pape, greenhouse builder of Berkeley, Cal., has
invented a new improved ventilator lifting apparatus.

L. W. Murdock of Elmhurst, Alameda County, has invented a new
improved ventilator lifting apparatus and meets with great success, as promi-
nent firms are taking it up for their houses.

Hugo H. Lilienthal of San Francisco has invented a new stationary shears,
which have a great force for cutting and will be indispensable for nursery men.

Netv Books. Among the new books issued in this state during the year by
publishers may be mentioned The Pacific Florist, Orchard and Garden Maga-
zine, which is published monthly by the Pacific Florist Publishing Company in
San Francisco, and the " Golden Poppy " by Emery E. Smith, Professor of the
Stanford University of Palo Alto.

Eastern Carnations in California. It is reported from expert carnation
growers that Eastern carnation plants when imported to California will not do
well the first and probably the second year, but that they will show their quality
and real value the third year when propagated by cutting from plants that were
acclimatized, and that such will probably apply also to the California novelties
in the East.

The Prospects of Horticulture in California are to the effect that if the
white horticulturists will remain any longer in the lethargic state, the Jap-
anese and the Chinese will get ahead of ihem. The Japanese especially are
very progressive and active in horticultural matters and constantly take advan-
tage of the favorable climatical conditions and opportunities that present
themselves.

Development of Horticultural Industries and Fbreign Markets. The develop-
ment and advancement of American horticulture is the duty of every horticul-
turist who lives in the United States, as well as the introduction of new
industries or the cultivation of such articles as are imported from foreign
countries, because such will benefit not only one locality or one State, but it
will benefit the whole country at large. Speaking for my State alone I must
admit with all frankness and sincerity, that after I have looked over the State
carefully and the climatic conditions, soil and productions (I have taken time to
do this well), I have come to the conclusion that up to the present time full

124 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

justice has not been done to California. In regard to the horticultural possi-
bilities of the State, no advantage is taken of the many favorable conditions
that exist for semi-tropical productions especially. When we look at the enor-
mous shipments of plants, trees and bulbs from Japan that are dumped at our
feet here in California, and when we examine them one by one, we can readily
see that most of it could, without any extraordinary effort, be grown out of
doors right here in our midst. When we examine the Dutch and the French
flowering bulbs then we have the same thing again.

There has been very little thought given by the California horticulturists
(I mean by the gardeners, nurserymen and growers of plants), to the reaching
out with the California finer productions to foreign markets ; and even not too
much thought has been given to the markets outside the State. The exceptions
to this are rare, but, as is to be expected, there are a few. The only reason
that can be accounted for such, is that the horticulturists are too prosperous at
home and don't need to advertise themselves any more, and because there exists
fear among them that they would not be able to supply the demands. I feel
duty bound to the State of California to mention this fact, because such oppor-
tunities as constantly present themselves to the California gardeners should not
be wasted or permitted to go by for any length of time.

All indications are that the fruit and wine industry and agricultural pro-
ducts of California will be well represented at the Louisiana Purchase Exposi-
tion by the progressive farmers of California through the efforts of the
California State Board of Trade, but the finer semi-tropical horticultural pro-
ducts which would do the most good to the State, I fear will be entirely left out
or poorly represented, owing to the indifference of the gardeners in California.

The professional horticulturists do not take sufficient advantage of the
favorable climatical conditions of California, with the better and finer horticul-
tural production for export and use at home; in fact there are only a few firms
who reach out for markets any further than the Pacific Coast States. This
golden opportunity is entirel}' neglected to the detriment of the horticultural
interests of the State. This fact shows that there is a great field for investments
in those lines.

The fact that California horticulturists do take so little, if any, part in
the exhibition given by the Society of American Florists in Milwaukee and let
such an opportunity pass away, proves plainly beyond doubt that they do not
reach out sufficiently for markets.

Detrimental to Horticultural Interests in America is the following :

1. The placing of gardeners as unskilled laborers by the City and State
Government officials, park commissioners and their superintendents.

2. The placing of non-professional men as foremen in city and State
parks.

3. The free distribution of plants by city governments is injurious to the
trade.

. 4. While many get rich through horticultural productions, they don't do
anything in return to advance the horticultural interests of the State.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 125

5. The undignified standing of the gardeners' profession in California
has a discouraging effect on the gardeners and is detrimental to the best inter-
ests of horticulture.

6. California gardeners and florists do not take sufficient interest or part
in exhibitions, be thej local or national, which is to be regretted.

7. The most detrimental and retarding effects on California's horticul-
tural progress and development are caused by the so-called " political gardeners "
who fear horticultural organizations and will therefore either control, cripple
and muzzle them, or attempt to ruin them. This unhealthy state of affairs
was going on for many years in California, where horticultural organizations
were either suppressed entirely or made uneffective.

Under such existing conditions it is hard to increase the membership of
the Society of American Florists, and it is to be regretted that the California
State will not be represented at the coming National convention and exhibition
at Milwaukee, August 18 — 21, 1903.

It is to be hoped, however, that those conditions will change for the better,
and I feel convinced that if the gardeners and the florists would associate more
together in a club where there existed genuine good fellowship and fraternity
and a sincere interest in the welfare of our brother, it would not only prosper
them more in worldly goods and make their lives better and happier but it would
lead to an exchange of ideas and recording of observations, thus fostering and
advancing love and greater interest for the most beautiful of nature's gifts,
and this all would aid us in the beautifying of our cities and country places and
would help us to roll up quickly a large membership for the Society of Ameri-
can Florists in our Golden State, and with united effort and unity in action,
help to dignify our profession and advance rapidly the best interests of horti-
culture and the development of horticultural industries of California.

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen in the Convention assembled,
although not being able to attend the Convention in person, to my regret, I
take this opportunity to assure you of my earnest and active co-operation in
the Society's worthy efforts, and hope that the Society of American Florists
will in the near future convene in our State of sunshine, fruit and flowers, and
help us to give a greater impetus to horticulture in California.

H. H. IviLiENTHAL, State Vice-President.

CANADA.

It is my privilege as your Vice-President for the Dominion of Canada to
report that the past year has been on the whole satisfactory, and the general
tone of our professional interests is most hopeful for steady and continuous
progress.

The oft-mentioned fuel question was the only cause of noteworthy anxiety
and inconvenience during the past year. This country suffered less as a whole
than many less favored sections, owing to our convenient reserves of hardwood
forests; the increased demand, however, carried our prices for wood fuel to the
highest point ever reached.

126 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Without detailed reference to our staple stocks I am pleased to be able to
state that the Christmas and New Year holiday trade and also that of Easter in
our larger centers was most active with good supply; many lines were, however,
well reduced. London, Ottawa, Hamilton, Toronto and Montreal reports from
time to time showed marked activity at good prices.

The area of our glass has been materially increased since mj- last report,
and existing structures kept in good repair.

Of indirect interest to florists, but of vital importance to all plant-growers,
was the International Plant Breeders' Conference, held in New York last Octo-
ber, as many florists are also plant-growers and breeders.

The report of this conference will shortly be published and will make a
valuable book of reference for all interested in the advancement of floriculture.

As a specialist — and I have found it necessary' to specialize my specialty,
the gladiolus — in view of the absolutely limitless possibilities accruing from
such concentration — if my production of several thousand desirable types can
be called concentration — I take this opportunity of warning our profession
against the practice of keeping too close to the wild species in breeding.

It would be out of place f(jr me to take space for argument in support of
this objection, as it is mv intention to open discussion on the question at a later
date, still let me say briefly that the hope of future rapid and satisfactory prog-
ress must be founded on domestic specific types, the offspring of which will be
higher quality in increased quantity, greater beauty, vitality and general
adaptabilit}'.

H. H. Groff, State Vice-President.

COLORADO.

Reports from different growers and retailers indicate that trade in general
throughout Colorado during the past year has been very satisfactory and that
the volume of trade increases pretty steadily from year to year. Retail buyers
show a decided tendency to be more critical as to quality and to appreciate the
value of anything which may be accounted a novelty. The quality of flowers
produced has been such as to ineet this more critical demand except in the sum-
mer season. The home trade is almost nothing during the summer months
but the state is blessed with a great many conventions and a pretty steady
stream of tourists. The conventions seem to have no appreciable effect on the
flower trade, but the tourists are often flower buyers of means who demand
stock of a good quality. So far the florists of the State have not given this mat-
ter of summer supply the attention it deserves.

Previous to this year the supply of Beauties in the Denver market has not
been equal to the demand, a great many being shipped in from Omaha and from
Chicago, but this summer the Montclair greenhouses and the Harmon green-
houses of Mrs. R. Mauff have increased their area and have devoted the increase
largely to Beauties. It seems now as though the shortage is likely to be more
than overcome and an over-supply be produced. This is also true as regards

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 127

the rose Madam Chatenaj which proved to be very popular last season while
it was comparatively scarce, but it is doubtful whether the trade will consume
all the stock from the increased planting.

Violets still continue to be the bane of most florists' existence in this local-
ity. Maler & Dankworth have been the only firm in thr- vicinity of Denver
who have met with uniform success in violets during the past several years.

In carnations there will be heavy plantings of most of the introductions of
1903. It remains to be seen whether the flower-buying public will consume all
of the cut from the large number planted at the prices which novelties are enti-
tled to bring.

There have been several unsuccessful attempts i i former years to conduct
a wholesale cut flower establishment on a commission basis in Denver. Mr.
Lyle C. Waterbury has recently opened an establishment to be conducted on a
commission basis and announces his intention of carrying a full line of sup-
plies usually carried by such concerns. Such an establishment would be a
great convenience to the retail florists of the city as well as to the growers, and
it is to be hoped that the volume of business will be sufficient to justify Mr.
Waterbury in continuing in the business.

The season has been a very backward one and frost was noted in Denver
as late as July 3. This unseasonable weather interfered very considerably
with the ordinary bedding trade, but when tne end of tlie season was reached
the total volume appeared to be in excess of last year. There still continues to
be a marked increase in the demand for ornamental sh'ubbery and hardy herba-
ceous plants.

An organization of a State Society, under the name of the Colorado Soci-
ety of Floriculturists was effected in May and it is to be honed that this Society
will be an influence for good in the florist business of the State. It announces
that one of its prime objects shall be to encourage the holding of exhibitions.
The State legislature has been induced to make an appropriation for such an
exhibit at the State fair to be held in Pueblo in Se[)teml)er.

Last summer and again this summer the Denver florists have been very
severely injured by hail. Most of them were insured in the Florists' Hail Asso-
ciation and all of them so insured speak highly of the treatment received and
the prompt settlement made.

Attendance at the annual convention of your Societv in Milwaukee from
this State will be small in numbers but will still show a vert decided gain over
the attendance at any former convention. It is to he hoped that the entire dele-
gation will be so enthused .at that meeting that they wi 1 return next year in
still larger numbers.

J. A. Valentine, State Vice-President.

CONNECTICUT.

From information obtained from some of the most prominent and success-
ful florists of our State, I derive the pleasure of reporting to our National
Society that the past year has been a very prosperous one to our trade in

128 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

general, and that the outlook for the future is extremely bright and encouraging.

The general experience seems to be that the advanced prices charged for
most of our products did not decrease the demand for cut flowers and plants,
and that there was quite a scarcity of flowers at certain times, showing the sup-'
plv could not suffice for the demand. This seems to be especially true in roses,
carnations and violets, according to reports received from Messrs. Pierson of
Cromwell, and Coombs of Hartford. The advanced prices helped to square
accounts to balance on the right side of the book, in spite of the shortcomings of
some crops and the exorbitant coal bills which made the grower's life burdensome
during the winter months.

Bedding plants of all descriptions found a ready sale, although in some
localities there seems to have been an over-production, which swamped local
markets and created low prices. John Reck, of Bridgeport, strongly advocates
the growing and introduction of a larger variety of both decorative and bedding
plants, as well as cut flowers, as a means of preventing the over-production of
certain stock and the keeping up of prices. George Osborne, of Hartford,
remarks that the growing disposition of factories and shops to decorate the
grounds and establishments is inducive to others and is quite a perceptible
factor in increasing the demand and maintaining a fair price for that class of
goods. The geranium is the public's favorite, and is grown at the rate of seventy-
five per cent of the entire stock. Begonias in all their difterent varieties are
greatly admired in parks and private gardens where they are grown, and the
demand for that class of plants would surely come if florists would make an
earnest effort to grow and introduce them in quantities.

The carnations and the violets in the field are in fairly good condition in
spite of the very contrary weather they had ever since planted out. We had a
queer spring and early summer, April and March, and June and May being
twisted around. Just at the time when spring planting was getting done we
had a dry spell of six or seven weeks, preventing a good start of all shifted
stock, then came continuous wet weather for three or four weeks, cold and
repulsive. At the time of this writing the weather is more encouraging and it
is conceded that the prospects of housing good plants in due time is very prom-
ising. Local hail storms have been reported from difterent parts of the State,
and quite a severe storm visited Hartford about 1.30 p.m., July 21, doing con-
siderable damage to vegetable and flower gardens, tobacco fields and glass, the
damage to the latter in the vicinity of Hartford being estimated at about $4,000.

The prospects for the coming year seem to be in every respect very prom-
ising and encouraging, yet little building activity is shown anywhere, at least
not in new structures. All the florists have filled their coal bins to their fullest
capacity, and a new coal strike would not interfere with the wide-awake grower
during the coming year.

Existing professional organizations show prosperity and progress. The
New Haven County Horticultural Society held a very successful exhibition in
the fall, and thanks to the efficient assistance of a friendly ladies' club the
Society cleared a handsome balance. The Hartford Florists' Club has grown in

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 129

membership and is doing good work. The Club appointed a committee in the
fall to investigate and report on the Street Tree question, and the committee's
report was accepted and referred to the proper citj authorities, who now are
giving the matter careful consideration, so that the movement, it is confidently
expected, will result in putting the planting and care of street trees in compe-
tent hands with sufficient means for development and maintenance. New Lon-
don has a Gardeners and Florists' Club, and Bridgeport, I understand, is
seriously considering the advisability of forming a similar organization.

It is hard work to induce some of the craft to join the ranks of our
National Societj', yet they all recognized the influence and importance of that
organization when the increase in express charges for cut flowers stirred up
high feeling and earnest protest amongst the trade throughout the country.
They were all willing and anxious that our National Society should fight the
grabbing, selfish, monopolizing monster who threatened to seriously cripple an
important branch of their business, 3'et but very few seemed to realize that the
National Society required and is entitled to their support for that fight, and
that he who is willing to march under and share the protective influence of the
Society's banner, should be willing to help to support same, as a helpful, faithful
member.

The whole respectfully submitted.

Theodore Wirth, State Vice-President.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

Trade in general during the past year was not up to the previous year, the
cause for this being a short session of Congress and the people leaving the city
earlier than usual, which make a vast difference in the District of Columbia.
However, the bedding plant trade was very good.

There were two new stores opened and several branch stores discontinued.
The growers in general had a very good year notwithstanding the coal famine.
So far they have had no loss from hail and only one had his greenhouses and
wind-mill blown down by storm.

Mr. David Bissett, of Garrett Park, Md., had a very serious fire, losing
two of his children and almost everything he had, a new dwelling house, also
his wind-mill which was just put in use, and most of his violet houses.

The Florist Club was reorganized and the monthly meetings have been
well attended, which will be the means of bringing the florists in close touch
with each other. All who have attended the meetings have enjoyed them, and
we think the club has caused a better and more friendly feeling among the flor-
ists of this city.

The coming season is looked forward to as being the best that we have had
for years in the wholesale and retail trade.

Geo. C. Shaffer, District Vice-President.

180 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

FLORIDA.

Practically all the products of the florists of this State are for shipment,
and owing to our situation there is no competition with staple lines produced in
the other States. There has during the past year been some glass erected in
Jacksonville and Pensacola, but generally speaking our work is under conditions
requiring heat for so short a time that glass is not needed, and our work may
be said to be in open air.

There is an increasing output of some bulbous items, particularly fancy-
leaved caladiums and alocasias, also of some palms. There is an increasing
demand for half-hard}' shrubs and other semi-tropical stock for open-ground
planting. Fruit culture, such as peaches and citrus fruits, is developing

rapidly.

W. J. Ellsworth, State Vice-President.

GEORGIA.

The past year, I believe, has been the best in the history of the florists
trade in the Empire State of the South. The demand for cut flowers is steadily
on the increase and the purchasing public is year by year becoming more dis-
criminating as to the quality of stock. This I consider a most important factor
towards making our growers more particular in producing nothing but first
class stock. For years past the majority of the florists in this State have been
grow'ing and placing on the market some poorly grown and inferior stuff, but
they have seen the great mistake and financial loss produced by want of knowl-
edge to grow good stock, and I am happy to state that there is a most decided
change for the better. All careful growers have reported a most satisfactory
year's business.

In cut flowers, roses will always be the leader, carnations next, with chrys-
anthemums a close third.

The demand for decorative stock such as palms, ferns, rubbers and fancy-
leaved caladiums is growing enormously, but summer bedding plants such as
geraniums, heliotropes, lantanas, salvias, coleus, etc., are losing their popu-
larity. The majority of the planters when ornamenting their grounds are
using hardy stock such as broad-leaved and coniferous evergreens and flowering
shrubs. Many of our towns and cities are organizing floral clubs and these
have produced a most beneficial effect in stimulating in the residents of these
towns, the desire to beautify their grounds with shrubs and plants. In many
cities Park and Tree Commissions have been organized, and thousands of shade
trees are being planted annually in nearly every city and town in this State.

Many of the leading streets in Atlanta, Augusta, Savannah, Macon and
Columbus have within the past year been parked and sodded, and plantings of
shrubs, trees and plants made at appropriate places thereon. This improve-
ment of our streets has really just commenced and in the near future we look
for vast improvements.

Our citizens generally are taking a great interest in the surroundings of
their homes.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 131

The Idlehour Nurseries, Macon, Ga., have added some new glass.

John Wolf, Savannah, Ga., has also increased his plant.

P. J. Berckmans Company, Augusta, Ga., have discontinued growing
soft plants such as geraniums, heliotropes, salvias and cannas and are devoting
the greater part of their glass to palms, citrus fruits, azaleas, camellias, fancy-
leaved caladiums and a few specialties. Their nursery area has been increased
sixty acres this year, the majority of which is planted in ornamentals, such as
lilacs, spiraeas, weigelas, altha?as and other stock which has heretofore been
largely imported from Europe; and this firm expects in the near future to
divert a good portion of this import business in their direction.

A number of new nurseries have been started in the State this season.
The wonderful increase in the planting of commercial peach orchards has led
many to embark in the nursery business. At the present time it is estimated
that there are 17,600,000 peach trees in commercial orchards in Georgia, and
although this has been a most disastrous year for peaches on account of brown
rot and hailstorms, prospective planters have not in the least been scared off,
and within the next two years there will be over 20,000,000 peach trees in
orchards in this State.

In the Piedmont section many large plantings of apples and cherries are
being made.

Silk worm culture has been revived and there is quite an extensive plant
now in operation in Habersham County. This industry is being fostered by
the U. S. Department of Agriculture and it promises to be successful.

Diversified agriculture is producing most healthful effects, both from a
physical and financial standpoint throughout the State. At every point where
commercial fruit planting and floriculture has received any prominence a most
noticeable effect has been produced in the appearance of the town and its envi-
ronments. Some of these towns which a few j^ears ago were dilapidated ham-
lets containing tumbled-down, unpainted houses, now show a change which is
most marked. Comfortable houses have been erected, old ones repaired and
painted. The grounds which were formerly overgrown with weeds and bram-
bles have been cleaned up and are now adorned with ornamental trees, shrub*
and plants, and this good work is, as yet, in its infancy.

L. A. Berckmans, State Vice-President.

ILLINOIS, SOUTH.

I am pleased to submit the following report :

Trade on the whole for the past year has been very satisfactory to all
florists, most reporting an increase of twenty-five per cent.

There is very little building of new greenhouses, as most florists depend
on the wholesale houses in Chicago for their supply in case of an emergency,
although there is no, or very little, profit derived from this source, as good
cut flowers are held too high in price, especially roses, to leave a fair profit, as
very high prices cannot be charged in smaller towns.

132 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Trade opened up in the fall in first>class shape. A noticeable feature was
a steady demand for chrysanthemums in pots, and good prices were realized.
The large cut flowers were not quite so freely bought as the medium sized.

In roses the American Beauty is the leader oyer all others, with Liberty a
close second ; demand for Bridesmaids falling oft". In carnations, Lawson holds
supremacy, with White Cloud the leader in white : but striped or yellow cannot
be sold.

Christmas and Easter trade cleaned out eyerybodj', witli an increased call
for flowering plants. A noticeable feature was that there were no adyance
orders. The whole business was done the last day — or rather in three or four
hours.

Spring trade was satisfactory, but this line seems to go to the peddler
more so eyery year.

Owing to insufflcient rainfall in our part of the State for the last two
months the outdoor flowers are nearly- a complete failure. Carnations in the
field ayerage smaller than for a number of years, but there is no stem-rot either
in the field or in the new plantings in the houses.

Eyerybody is satisfied that the old express rates are restored. In a great
many instances the charges were equal to the cut flowers in the box.

The National Soldiers' Home, which is located in Danville, begins to look
very attractive. The bedding is a very creditable feature and helps to create a
demand for similar displays in our private gardens.

John Willius, State Vice-President.

INDIAXA.

All florists of this State that I have interviewed report an increase in
business, and whenever the country is in a prosperous condition as it now seems
to be, an up-to-date florist will always get his share of trade. Many florists
have built new greenhouses and a number of places have been remodeled.

In cut flowers the demand for carnations has increased fifty per cent, while
the call for roses remains about the same, or perhaps on a slight decrease. The
public is always willing to pay a fair price for first-class flowers arranged in an
artistic manner.

The Boston fern takes the lead among decorative plants, with Kentias and
Rubbers a close second. I predict a larger demand for the beautiful Pearsonii
when it can be grown and offered at a reasonable price.

In blooming plants for bedding the geranium still takes the lead, but the
canna is growing in popular favor each year. We grow about an acre of cannas
in plain view of the main street, which is a great advertisement for this most
popular plant.

As far as I can learn the losses by hail in this State have been very light.
Then why should the florists not prosper?

W. W. Coles, State Vice-Presidents

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 133

IOWA.

I am pleased to report that the craft in the Hawkeye State has enjoyed a
reasonable share of the general prosperity of the country. One hundred twenty-
five thousand seven hundred square feet of glass have been added to the floral
establishments since the last convention by those who have responded to my
inquiries, and I suppose those who have not reported have been equally pros-
perous. More than half of those in the trade report an increased demand of
ten to twenty-five per cent for hardy perennials and ornamental shrubs over that
of last year. Trade during the holidays and Easter was also better than on. the
preceding year, and the greater portion of the increase was for cut flowers on
those festal days. High water during May and June submerged a number of
greenhouses on low ground and caused some loss to their owners. Trade in the
Capital City was at low water mark on Decoration Day when the river was at
its highest. Continuous rain on the day before, during and the day after that
beautiful National custom is observed prevented our citizens from paying the
usual tribute to the patriot dead whose heroic achievements still remain enshrined
in the hearts of our people from ocean to ocean and from the lakes to the gulf.

The season with us has been cool and wet, and tender bedding plants
started very slowly but are now growing nicely. As a result of excessive
moisture fungus diseases have prevailed to such an extent that the foliage on
many of the park and street trees has been injured by these parasites and the
leaves show a slight tinge of brown from their innumerable spores ; with this
exception our parks have never looked lovelier than they do now with a lux-
uriant growth. of grass. Nor has the spirit of our craftsmen been animated by
a more fervent zeal to advance floriculture or promote go'od fellowship among
those engaged in the trade than at the present time. This is manifest from the
fact that they have recently organized a State Society, which augurs well for the
future of floriculture and indicates the progressiveness of those who minister to
the wants of aesthetic people. Wesley Greene, State Vice-President.

KENTUCKY.

It is a pleasure to again be able to report the continued prosperity of the
florists of Kentucky. Such of the trade as do a catalogue business report a very
satisfactory season and say it would have been better had it not been for the
unusual flood situations early in the spring in the south and southwest, the sec-
tions to which they naturally look for the most of their trade.

The demand in the local market for good bedding and other plants for the
past year has been on the increase, especially noticeable being the demand for
hardy blooming and ornamental stock for the many modern places that are now
being laid out in the near vicinity of Louisville and other of the larger cities of
the State.

In the cut flower, floral and general store trade, the demand for good stock
and good work has been steady and satisfactory. Prices received are not as
high as are reported from some parts of the United States, but have mostly been
satisfactory.

134 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

The production of first-class stock is on the increase, but not nearly
enough to supply the demand. Quite a few thousand dollars still go out of
Kentucky for stock that could readily be grown here.

The florists in Kentucky have always been very fortunate, indeed, regard-
ing hail storms, but on April 19th of this year, Louisville and the immediate
vicinity was visited by a very destructive hail storm which did much damage to
glass and plants. Very little hail insurance was carried by those suffering a
loss.

That there is an increased interest in the work of the Society of American
Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists by the florists of Kentucky was made
very plain to me by the greater number of answers and inquiries I received
this year to the circular letter which I have mailed to the florists of the State
for the past several years, and I trust it will show for itself in an increased
membership from Kentucky.

Respectfully submitted,

August R. Baumer, State Vice-President.

KANSAS.

The past year has been good for the florists of this State. Some new
houses have been built and old ones repaired. We have built ours all over new
and have been very busy. Bedding plants were in good demand this spring and
ferns and palms were called for. I have not been able to get many florists inter-
ested in the Society of American Florists. Our Decoration Day trade was ruined
by a heavy rain and by floods in the central and eastern parts of the State.

Ansel H. Whitcomb, State Vice-President.

MAINE.

The season of 1902-03 was an unusually good one for Maine florists, as far
as sales were concerned. Probably there has never been a year when so many
cut flowers and plants have been sold in our State as in the past year.

Reports come on all hands of increasing sales, with some advance in prices.
Especially was this true of the spring bedding plant trade. Never did plants
and seedlings sell so well as during the last season. And owing to the back-
ward season and unfavorable weather the trade lasted well into July. As
to prices, Maine florists are handicapped by two serious drawbacks. First,
our trade will not bear the great advance in the price of cut flowers which pre-
vails in the large cities at the holidays — Memorial and other special occasions.
At the same time these are the occasions when we have to buy most heavily.
Buying of the wholesalers at great advance and having to sell at a small advance
we hardly get our share of the natural profits at such times. There is some
compensation for this perhaps in the fact that as a rule we can hold our prices
up a little nearer the ordinary level during the dull seasons, when there is a

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 135

great slump in prices with the wholesalers on account of over-supply of stock.

A second drawback is that nearly all of our florists have to compete with
a few who grow inferior flowers and sell them at such ruinously low prices that
it spoils our trade with quite a large class of people who, in buying flowers, as
in buying anything else, go for the largest amount of stuff for the least money.
But a steady adherence to improved quality, together with a demand for a fair
remuneration, will win in the end.

Maine florists suffered, but not so much as their brethren in other States,
from the coal famine. Those who were so unfortunate as not to lay in their
coal supply very early could fall back on wood for fuel, which was in good
supply, though the prices soared toward the zenith a few degrees.

In spite of all drawbacks the past year was a good one and the future looks
hopeful. If our people would grow more and better flowers it would be dollars
in their pockets and a credit to the trade.

Respectfully submitted,

H. R. Mitchell, State Vice-President.

MARYLAND.

It affords me great pleasure to forward to you my report as State Vice-
President for Maryland. The past season has been a prosperous one, averaging
considerably more to the trade than 1901-02. An improvement should be
recorded all along the line of commercial floriculture in this State, with per-
haps the only exception in ornamental horticulture, and for the past few years
there has been a lamentable lack in outdoor ornamentation, planting and land-
scape work in this State. It seems strange that such should be the case, more
especially when we consider the favorable climatic conditions which prevail
here.

Very few florists have increased their facilities, for growing stock and cut
flowers, and very little building of greenhouses has been done. Field carna-
tions are looking very fine everywhere.

The Baltimore Gardeners' Club held several free exhibitions, and (as is
always the case with free shows) they were very successful. Our Baltimore Cut
Flower Exchange is now in the hands of Mr. J. J. Perry, the Club's secretary.

Baltimore has fairly launched itself in the Convention business, and sev-
eral national gatherings of great magnitude have already been held, with more
to come. The National Saengerfest and Elks Convention have been great suc-
cesses in every way. The efforts on the part of the city and its merchants have
astounded and pleased the thousands of visitors. Good old southern hospitality,
artistic decorations and illuminations were the features.

The floral display in our public parks is more extensive than in previous
years, and over one million of bedding plants have been propagated and set out
in the various parks and city squares. We now have about forty public reser-
vations in and about the city of Baltimore. Special attention is being paid to
the establishing of athletic fields, outdoor gymnasiums and public gardens of
instruction ; several parks have already been equipped for this purpose.

136 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Sixty acres of beautiful woodland, covered with specimen trees, have been
donated by Messrs. Weiman and others for public park purposes ; Moals Point
and Gwyms Falls Parks have just been acquired by purchase and added to our
already extensive system of parks. The provision for necessary funds and the
preparation of improvement plans for the proper development of the new parks
are now to be considered.

Attention will be called to the State Legislators to change or revise our
antiquated State horticultural law. It is also hoped that a larger appropriation
will be granted to our State experimental station at College Park, Maryland.
They should get all they ask for. They have done an immense amount of good
work in this State, and have prosecuted their investigations and researches
with energy and enthusiasm.

I am sorry to report that my efforts to get a strong delegation for this
year's Milwaukee Convention have failed ; it seems as if all interest is centering
upon next year's St. Louis meeting.

We hope, however, to get a fair representation. With best wishes for the
future success of the Society of American Florists,

I am yours very respectfully,

Charles L. -Seybold, State Vice-President.

MASSACHUSETTS, WEST.

Generally the outlook for the trade here in Berkshire County is more
encouraging than in some years. The increased interest in gardening and the
growing love of flowers are causing a more active demand for old-fashioned
flowers and general bedding stock, and though the season in this section is
somewhat limited, ready sales and a good business have been reported. The cut-
flower trade is somewhat limited, as nearly all of the summer residents have
large private greenhouses, and grow their own stock, while in many instances
the families are also supplied from this source during the winter months, but
there is a steady demand for summer roses, which cannot be met.

Carnations are grown considerably and nearly all the standard varieties do
well. Lawson is perhaps the favorite, with Prosperity — which colors well here —
a close second. Considerable quantities of the new varieties will be tried this
season, and the stock looks well, in spite of the excessive rains. Enchantress
promises well, and some good blossoms will be in evidence.

In roses the standard varieties preponderate. Good Liberty is grown in
Lenox, and Kaiserin as a summer bloomer is a favorite.

Violets are not extensively grown, though extra quality blooms are some-
times seen, Marie Louise being the favorite, though Farquhar does well with
some. I am pleased to report that the seed trade does not neglect us in this
isolated though beautiful section, commonly known as the " Highlands of
America," it not being an unusual sight to find four or five different represen-
tatives awaiting your appearance in the morning, and the nurserymen are
equally industrious in their visits, so that western Massachusetts is not neglected.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 137

Some minor additions by commercial florists, and extensive ranges by the
wealthy residents, have been added during the year, and on the whole this part
of the State continues to keep up with the onward march of horticulture.

Alfred J. Loveless, State Vice-President.

MICHIGAN.

This year has been one of prosperity with the florist's business. More
flowers and plants have been grown and disposed of than ever before. This is
shown by the amount of building going on in every part of this State. Large
additions to the old places and new ones being built show that there was some
money made this last season. The high prices of material and coal have made
some difference. Some of the more conservative men in the business think this
a blessing in disguise, stopping in some instances the reckless building from
overstocking the market. Experience has taught some that when we can buy
so cheap, others are not making money to buy flowers.

In this State the florist's business depends in a great measure on the pros-
perity of the merchant and manufacturer. Carnation growing is increasing
here. Last season the trade was well supplied. Lawson is the favorite with
growers and retailers. In other varieties each seems to have favorites that do
best with him. Roses have not been grown enough to supply the demand.
Violets were well grown in several places this year and mostly all sold at fair
price. American Beauty roses were well grown in Grand Rapids and Kala-
mazoo, and those shipped to Detroit were very fine.

Grand Rapids has suffered severe losses with fire and hail, but the florists
there are pushers and have built up again better than ever and have made a
large increase in the amount of glass in that city. Great quantities of flowers and
vegetables are shipped from this city every season. Every town in this State,
large enough to support a small business, has a florist establishment. Some of
them are large places and ship to Detroit, Chicago and Buffalo. Cheap land
and taxes make it possible for them to make money.

Florists in this State are growing better flowers every year, finding that
good quality always sells and brings good prices. Culls are hard to dispose of.
First-grade goods are always sold.

Detroit has suffered from hail this year and hail insurance looks good.

Carnations in the field have done well in growing, but stem-rot has caused
considerable damage in some locations. Lawson has it badly; in another they
are all good and the same with other varieties. The same stock planted in dif-
ferent localities will be good in one place and badly affected in another.

We hope to see all the growers here in February, 1904, and the best exhi-
bition the American Carnation Society has had. We will have room and a
welcome for all,

Robert Flowerday, State Vice-President.

138 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

MINNESOTA.

As your State Vice-President, I take pleasure in submitting to jou the
following report :

The past year, had it not been for the fuel question, would have been by
far the most successful in the history of the trade. Trade has been good the
year round ; in fact there have been more cut flowers sold the past season than
in any previous year, and at better prices. The holiday trade was especially
good, and the high prices on cut flowers turned many people to buying potted
plants. In going through the different establishments one cannot help but
notice the marked advance in the quality of flowers grown, and especially is this
noticeable in the cut-flower line. In many of the smaller towns of the State
one sees florist establishments springing up, many of them built in modern
style. Minneapolis, the largest city in the State, is fast becoming a greenhouse
center. The increase in glass the last few years has been somewhat in advance
of the trade. The city of St. Paul, which lies just across the river from Min-
neapolis, has also made some rapid strides in greenhouse building, and the last
few years have seen some notable changes in greenhouse building in that city.
In the past year there has not been so much building going on as in the two
previous years, due to the high price of material and labor. Yet most every
florist has done some rebuilding or repairing. Our veteran florist, Aug.
Swanson, has added one large house and boiler house. The Minneapolis
Floral Company has added three new houses, and R. Will & Sons have added
a range of six large houses with modern boiler house and an eighty-five-foot
brick stack. In past years many of the retailers have had to send out of the
city for their cut flowers, but it looks now as if there would be very little need
of shipped stock in the future. The past season has been a good one for the
growing of out-door stock, especially so of carnations, which have made a
healthy growth, taking hold of the soil in the houses in the best possible con-
dition. Yet the vast amount of rainfall has had a disastrous effect on all out-
door cut flowers.

The florists of Minneapolis have formed a club called the Minneapolis
Florists' Club, for the social and business interests of the florists, and it is
hoped that this club will be a success in every way.

This has been the coldest summer on record and many of the society
people are returning to the city several weeks in advance of previous years. On
a whole the outlook for the coming year is bright, and it is my solemn wish
that it may prove the most prosperous one on record.

Respectfully submitted.

Otto A. Will, State Vice-President.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 139

MISSOURI.

From the reports of our different members throughout the State I can
safely saj that our trade has increased on an average of twenty-five per cent over
last year, and the prospects are very good for the coming fall and winter. The
wholesaler, retailer and grower are alike in this, and say that the past season
was the best they ever had.

Carnation growing has also increased very much, and our growers are
growing many of the newer varieties.

Building has also been greatly enlarged in our State. We have been
visited with several hailstorms, but the loss has not been so great as in other
States.

I am happy to state that the attendance from Missouri will be large this
year, as St. Louis is out for the next meeting of the Society to meet with us
during our great World's Fair-, which will open May 1, 1904, and hope that you
will all be with us.

Respectfully,

C. A. JUENGEL, State Vice-President.

NEBRASKA.

As State Vice-President, it is again my privilege to submit the following
report from the Golden Rod State. It is with pleasure that I report that the
past year has been one of progress in commercial floriculture. Trade has been
steady and satisfactory in all lines. There has never been much surplus stock,
and as a consequence the florists are enlarging their plants, and others are
building up new fields. Nearly every one is putting the money they have made
back into new improvements and buildings. The Nebraska florists are a mod-
est set of fellows ; they don't make much noise, but they are all busy making
preparations for the coming harvest.

The demand for cut flowers is getting greater each year. Shipments of
flowers for festivities and funerals are being made tct nearly every town, city, or
hamlet of our State. The masses seem to realize the fact that flowers are the
most appropriate and beautiful silent messengers that convey heart-speaking
sympathy and love, as well as nature's beauty and fragrance. Our cut flowers
consist of the usual varieties. The demand for chrysanthemums during the
fall months is on the increase, also carnations and violets, with a greater
demand for the better quality of stock.

Christmas trade was good and the same kept up well all winter. The coal
strike was to a great extent a drawback to the pocketbook, but the Easter trade
was a record breaker, the supply and the demand being about equal. Easter
lilies sold well and brought good prices. Spring trade was good, but late on
account of too much rain and cold weather, which afterward was followed by
extreme heat and later colder and showers.

140 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

A very small percentage of glass has been broken by hail, also a few dam-
ages by wind storms. Carnation plants and other stocks are fine and the out-
look is for a large crop. In ornamental horticulture the State Horticultural
Society has taken an active part in the interest of floriculture as well as the
State Florists' Society.

Have also the pleasure to report that horticulture has been adopted in the
public schools, to be taught to the children by having them plant seeds and
flowers in the school yards under the supervision of the teachers, thus giving
them a practical knowledge of planting and taking care of plants and flowers.
The park commissioners have also made great improvements of parks and boule-
vards in which there is a glorious power of universal instruction that speaks in
no uncei-tain tone as to the elevating power of the beautiful.

Among those that have passed to the realm beyond we have the well-
known pioneer florist J. W. Arnold of Omaha, who died August 3 after an ill-
ness of short duration, of a paralytic stroke.

In conclusion I will say that the calling of the florists is growing and must
grow with the advance of wealth and refinement. The sod-house era is past
and the time for adornment has come with the homage of flowers which nod
their welcome in the morning breeze and smile in their radiant beauty with
sweet fragrance.

Lewis Herderson, State Vice-President.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

It gives me great pleasure to report to yon a steadily increasing volume of
business in the old Granite State. The exceptionalh' high prices of coal last
winter made a few small places go under, but our live florists increased the price
of stock twenty-five per cent, which was willingly paid, and more than offset
the extra coal bill.

The long drought of April and May and continuous rains and cold of June
gave outdoor stock a serioVis setback, geranium beds in some places having
rotted off so badly as to necessitate spading up and replanting with fresh stock.
The more tender varieties of coleuses simply refused to grow ; chrysanthemums
and carnations, where planted in their favorite soil, are getting along nicely
now. The latter promise to make nice plants for housing by the last of this
month. A report from brothers Gaedeke & Co., of Nashua, says their young
roses planted in benches are doing very well with steam heat all through June.

Wm. Elliott, I hear, is contemplating the erection of another eight hun-
dred-foot house for American Beauties, in Madbury alongside the one already
established there. A market gardener in Portsmouth built a house last year
200x40 feet, and a New Castle florist near by put a handsome addition on to his
place which represents a good deal of money — ridge and furrow style, with iron
gutter posts and other modern improvements.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 141

In the demise of the late Hon. Frank Jones of this city last October the
trade lost a good patron. While not in any of the trade organizations him-
self he spent upwards of $300,000 a year on plants and their culture. The place
is still run by his widow, Robert Paterson superintendent, but when the main-
stay of a house falls we naturally expect to see the house itself crumble, so we
live in anticipation.

While our State may- not be able to compete with some of her sister States
for production of florists' stock, New Hampshire excels them all as a haven of
rest and recuperation for the tired, worn-out business man during summer
months, and noticeable on our streets and speedways these days are some of the
hustling florists from the Hub.

We will be represented at Milwaukee at least by a few, and those of us
who cannot be there join in wishing you all a good time, and hope Milwaukee
will be able to boast for the next year of having held the most successful Con-
vention yet.

Bernard Morris, State Vice-President.

NEW JERSEY.

The location of New Jersey is such as to bring it into a prominent position
horticulturally. Viewed from every standpoint its location is unique. Stretch-
ing along the Atlantic coast it is assured of an abundant rainfall. The mild-
ness of the climate, the variety of the soils, its highlands and lowlands, all favor
a large range of horticultural production under the skillful management of the
gardener, the florist, and the landscape architect. Its proximity to the metrop-
olis and other large cities, and the numerous railroad lines crossing and inter-
lacing its territory all tend to bring New Jersey into prominence as the most
favored State in the Union for the promotion of ornamental horticulture and
the productions of the commercial florist as well.

There is every indication that an awakening to the true importance of New
Jersey in this regard is not far distant. Many men of wealth and taste have
already made their suburban homes within our borders and have spent consid-
erable sums on what before were abandoned farms and neglected woodlands,
greatly increasing the value of the surrounding property.

This is but the beginning of what is to come. The cities of New Jersey are
becoming concerned about the need of more extensive parks, and at no distant
period these projects will materialize into pleasant realities. County parks
they are to be, extending their limits far beyond the city lines of the present
day.

All the highlands of the northeastern portion of the State are destined
soon to receive such treatment as to afford a continuous expanse of territory
devoted to the enjoyment of man, to homes coming close to nature, and to the
uplifting influences of superior surroundings.

The planting and care of the forest trees, the tendency toward a preserva-
tion of natural features, the extension of the park system into the rural districts,
the laws and sentiment for the protection of song and insectivorous birds, the

142 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

rapid development of good roads, the securing of supplies of pure water, the
protection of the watersheds, all encourage the fullest promotion of the inter-
ests dear to the enlightened membership of the Society of American Florists
and Ornamental Horticulturists.

While the commercial side of our thoughts and occupations is of neces-
sity so important to our welfare we cannot neglect to contribute some of our
time and talent to the general good, to the comfort, the health, and the better
living of coming generations, realizing the adage that he who makes two blades
of grass grow where one grew before is a public benefactor.

The growers and the retail florists of New Jersey have experienced a pros-
perous year. Good prices were maintained through the year and a very little
in the way of cut flowers was left over. The retailers certainly have had no
cause for complaint.

The growers, however, were menaced by two factors : the coal strike and
the increased express rates. The coal strike was the cause of much anxiety
throughout all this region. The florists were great sufferers. The increase in
cost of coal for one of our largest plant establishments was $6,000. In fact, the
cost of fuel was about doubled. It was generally the case that the grades of
coal desired could not be obtained at any price ; and until late in the season
there was no assurance of a sufficient supply to see us through. An unpleasant
experience. Some of the smaller growers of bulbs and bedding plants allowed
their houses to remain idle rather than to take the risk of freezing out.

Some attempts were made to install appliances for the consumption of
liquid fuel. And it may be that further experiments may provide a partial rem-
edy for any coal strike that may occur in the future. The condition of the
country in this regard has caused the laying in of large quantities of coal, suf-
ficient in most cases to carry the florist through one winter at least.

The express rate imposition was taken in hand by the Madison rose grow-
ers in a way to reach the right spot. Being near enough to reach the commis-
sion houses without difficulty by an express line of their own, gotten up for the
purpose, they showed their independence. Wagons were fitted up for the purpose
and used till the express companies were ready to do the right thing.

Building is going on in New Jersey, especially among the rose growers,
but the high prices of materials have limited the building of greenhouses to a
considerable extent. The general sentiment is to take good care of what we
have and to wait for expansion until a more favorable time. Building in gen-
eral is at a standstill on account of labor unions and threatened strikes, and it is
to be expected that the building of greenhouses and conservatories should also
be affected by the same causes.

The spring drought and the cold rainy summer, seasons of surprises as
to weather, have had their effects. The planting of gardens was interrupted by
the dryness and it affected the sale of plants and seeds.

Young roses at this date are smaller than usual on account of the cool,
cloudy weather and the buds sent in have been compared to peas for size. They
all sell, however, at satisfactory prices. Carnations did not make the growth

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 143

desired in the field in the early part of the season, but owing to the favorable
weather in July they will be ready for benching in August. The year has been
one not without its difficulties, but on the whole the florists of the State have
been successful financially as far as I can ascertain. If prices had been low and
the demand for stocks insufficient a different result would have obtained in
many cases.

W. B. DuRiE, State Vice-President.

NEW YORK, EAST.

The State of New York feels in many ways the good influence of the craft
commonly known as florists. Outside of Manhattan Island there is not a town
nor a village, but whose streets, roadways and private estates are the neater and
more beautiful on account of it. Each Village Improvement Society is aided by
the talent and assistance of the local florist, whose organization contributes to
the beauty and attractiveness of such locality. Wherever flowers bloom, there
come care and neatness.

Manhattan Borough, the greatest of all flower markets, draws good stock
from every section. Her commission men are as alert in activity in their line
of displajs as men are in other lines of business. They have some difficulties
with freights, express charges, losses, etc., which their forwarding growers do
not always sympathetically consider. The market demand does not decrease.
The street pedlar, sometimes called the "Greek," is in evidence, reaching many
a buyer that high-class salesmen cannot suit.

The lower part of Westchester county, taking in from Ossining on the
Hudson to the Long Island Sound line, is an ideal territory for the supply of
the metropolitan market. It is said that reasonable real estate valuations,
cheap freights, transfer companies over numerous trolley lines, and nearness to
the Greater New York, give that section much advantage over more distant
competitors. They are able to get better prices, due to the fact that their prod-
victs arrive in fresher condition. Many new ranges have gone up there, and
the older established places have added to their houses. Within the bounds of
Yonkers alone, it is said as much as $50,000 has been invested. At Rye, Scars-
boro, New Rochelle, Mamaroneck and White Plains, as much more has been
placed.

Roses, carnations and violets are reported to do the best under glass. Hot-
house grapes are raised with success by a few. At Nyack and vicinity roses
thrive, but the great violet culture is in Dutchess county, starting at Pough-
keepsie. It seems as if that is an infallible locality for success. The Rhine-
beck district, seventeen miles farther north, has spread out, until violet culture
is as general as that of milk farms, and scattered throughout the central and
M^estern portions of the county violet house after violet house is springing up.
At Fishkill Village the large enterprise of the W^ood Brothers and others of less
dimensions in the lower end of the county, show signs of good management,
and it is seen that " the eye of the master is worth both his hands."

144 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

In the region of Albany, Troy and Cohoes, that flower district is growing
with the active population. L. Menand is putting up twenty-four houses,
devoted to the cultivation of carnations and chrysanthemums. Both Mr.
Gloeckner and Mr. Daskner have increased the size and value of their establish-
ments, and the same may be said as to Messrs. Whittle Brothers, and others.
Carpenter, of Cohoes, is going ahead in steady advance. Amsterdam, Schenec-
tady, Whitehall and Plattsburg are doing well. Utica is another successful
centre, and Syracuse. Among those cities there exists a fraternal feeling,
which is helpful to one another. Across the State at Ithaca, Norwich, One-
onta and Richfield Springs, the local work and thrift are evi'dent. Elmira, led
by Grove P. Rawson, is an important centre. Mr. Hoffman is directing his
time more fully to his greenhouse work. Binghampton, Port Jervis, Kingston,
Middletown and Goshen, show that the good managers are getting on. Chat-
ham, over east in Columbia county, is led by R. E. Shuphelt. At Croton
Falls, Mt. Kisco, White Plains and Williams Bridge, the craft in a moderate
way is doing well. The display of fine stock contiguous to Woodlawn Ceme-
tery is notable.

Last spring the American Carnation Society, under local auspices, held
an exhibition in Brooklyn, of which it can be glowingly said, that it ranked
very high in the quality and quantitj^ of the exhibits shown. Many of the
most successful growers in the countrv were present and contributed to its
wealth. While in their attendance, in the recesses, they availed themselves of
the opportunity to visit the extensive grounds of Messrs. Dailledouze Brothers
at Flatbush, whose ofllice is full of witness of merit for stock grown and prizes
won. In connection with this imposing meeting of the American Carnation
Society, a banquet was given, which was presided over by Hon. Timothy Wood-
ruff, ex-Lieut. Governor of New York, and the city of Brooklyn, now included
in the Greater New York, showed a hearty appreciation of the cultured art and
skill of the flower growers.

On July 1 the New York Florists' Club gave an annual family picnic at
Weitzel's Grove on Long Island. The happy gathering, made up of grown
people and children, numbered several hundred, and the day was full of delight
to be long remembered. Astoria, Flushing and College Point, in fact all Long
Island with its very large investments of capital, in common with the rest of
the country, suffered sharply in the last winter season from the abnormal con-
dition of the coal supply. Shifts of many sorts were made to meet the emer-
gencies. Some attention was given to oil as a fuel, but its being equal to
answer needed purposes is too precarious in New York for practical use,
although some trials were made for a satisfactory substitution for coal.

In a general report of the broad field, it is impossible to go into as many
local details as could so properly be done. A visit to every flower grower
would be of exceeding interest. There is no vocation more delightful to fol-
low. There is a rare charm in becoming acquainted with every flower's his-
tory, to study its nature and learn its requirements in its culture, as well as to
see the bloom in its fragrance around, which calls for the best and ripest devel-

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 145

opment of the mind, while there is no calling more healthful in its surroundings,
there being the wholesome toil in the productive soil, and the pure air to breathe,
to build up the body and improve the heart.

There have been two deaths in the jear past of good and true men, and I
would love to pay tributes to their well-known virtues in larger space. Thev
were Charles Zeller, of Flatbush, and M. J. Lynch, of Poughkeepsie, who were
respected by us all. Mr. Zeller was for many years conspicuous for his intelli-
gence and probity, and Mr. Lynch was a thorough-going, progressive man.
They left behind their worthy examples for those who come after them to
follow.

In closing this report, it may be said again, as has been already related, to
emphasize the fact, that there is a growing interest in the cultivation of flowers,
which has become a large and profitable industry, and it is a pleasure to note
that many bright and cultivated women have entered into it with heartiness and
success. It seems to be so fitting for their ability and grace. The florists are
adorning the loveliest homes, to their praise be it said, to be in the poet's
thought and the orator's speech. I am much indebted to several correspond-
ents for kindly giving me their aid in preparing this report, and they have my
heartfelt thanks.

Benjamin Hammond, State Vice-President.

NEW YORK, WEST.

The task of reporting matters of interest pertaining to the florists' business
this year is a very pleasant one.

While, through lack of time, I am not able to go into minute details, I
can in a general way report that in this section our business in the past year
has made sound and steady progress.

In the cut-flower line the call has been good, especially for the better
grades. The gluts which usually occur at certain seasons have not been so
prolonged and marked, and consequently less disastrous. This was most
noticeable when chrysanthemums and bulb-stuff were plentiful, — very few of
these flowers went to waste.

Roses, carnations and violets were over-plentiful at times, but never long
enough to cause much damage.

Decorations for festive occasions were quite numerous, although perhaps
not as many high-priced ones in proportion.

The call for flowers for funeral purposes in this section has not diminished,
but seems inclined to change from designs and made-up work, to bunches and
loose flowers.

Plants especially, such that were grown for holiday seasons, had an
unprecedented call. Here it is pleasant to recall the fact that more and better
ones were produced than in former years.

The demand for spring bedding plants was very good. Everything was
cleaned up by July 1, excepting geraniums which ran short.

146 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

House plants, such as palms and ferns, are as popular as ever. Alto-
gether the growers of good flowers and plants can, I think, look back to a very
prosperous year. This is also evidenced by the building operations going on
on all sides; " more glass and better stock " seems to be the word.

What looked like a very serious matter last fall was the fuel question.
Very few florists were fortunate enough to hold signed contracts for coal or
coke when the great anthracite strike began. Everybody knows what followed, —
at first uneasiness, then anxiety, but no coal, — not until considerable damage
had been done from lack of fuel was any coal procurable, and then only at good
round prices. At present the outlook for fuel is brighter, but sooner or later
this question will become a problem. Will the Society of American Florists be
able to solve that problem, or could not something be done even now, to pre-
vent a recurrence of the conditions we all experienced last fall and winter.'
Some may think the influence of the Society of American Florists is not suffi-
cient and far-reaching enough to approach or attack the forces that control the
fuel supply, but they should remember the splendid results that were achieved
by a united and prolonged attack that was made on the Express Companies last
winter, when these without warning raised the rates from one to one-and-a-half.
At that time, no doubt, a great many shippers thought it useless to make an
attempt to have the express tariff restored to its former rate, but the Society
of American Florists took hold of the matter in good style, and kept at it until
the victory was won. We western New Yorkers felt both the hardship and the
relief, and very much appreciated what the Society of American Florists

accomplished.

Respectfully submitted,

Charles H. Keitsch, State V^ice-President.

XORTH CAROLINA.

As State Vice-President, I report as follows :

On July 14th I sent out the following circular letters to every member in
this State :

Qi-iestion first. Are yon going to the Convention ?

Q^iestion second. Have you any new names for membership.^

Qiiestion third. Along what lines has business increased.'

Qj^iestion fourth. Along what lines has business decreased?

Question fifth. How much new glass have you put up?

Question sixth. State any other item that bears on our business that
would be of general interest.

Seventy-five per cent, of the members responded, and upon their answer
I base this report :

First, we expect only a small attendance at the Convention this year.

Second, as practically every one in the trade in North Carolina are now
members, there is no increase in membership.

Third, there is a general increase in the demand for cut flowers of best
quality, carnations and violets leading.

SOCIETY Op- AMERICAN FLORISTS. 147

Fourth, the only decrease noted is in the call for roses. And just here
I would say that the forcing of roses in this State has not been brought to a
very high point, due no doubt to the fact that sometimes Christmas Day is
warm enough for one to sit out of doors in his shirt sleeves. The only really
successful rose house we have ever known was grown by the late Geo. P. Lamb
of Wilmington. A house 22 x 100 feet. Yellow Banksias planted outside in a
rich border and brought in under the south wall and budded with M. Neil;
trained all over the top of the house on rubber covered wire, lifteen inches from
the glass. These M. Neils gave such a wealth of bloom as I have never seen
equaled, and when other roses planted on benches perished from mildew
these M. Neils kept on the " even tenor of their way."

J. L. O'Quinn has bought out the interest of the other members of the
firm, and is now erecting about twelve thousand feet of new glass. This writer
has had an increased demand for native plants, including Dioneas Sarracenias
and flowering shrubs. The outlook for a good crop of bulbs is fair. With the
exception of drought in the spring, the season has been favorable, and with the
' later rains in their season,' the result will be satisfactory.

We are sorry to note that brother Otto Katzenstein of the Pinehurst
Nurseries has severed his connection with that concern, and is organizing a
new firm at Atlanta, Ga., and while we cannot well spare him from North
Carolina, we wish him unbounded success in this new venture.

The Idlewild Floral Company have rebuilt some of their houses, and
report a prosperous year, and from all accounts now it will devolve on that firm
to represent North Carolina at Milwaukee. This writer had promised himself
great pleasure in meeting the members at Milwaukee, but an old case of sciatica,
and a new cold contracted by an over zealous and ill-directed fit of industry
with the mercury up in the nineties, leaves him now confined to the house, with
the promised pleasure to be seen only from the small end of the telescope, but
through the other end I see both pleasure and profit for those that attend.
With best wishes, I am Yours truly,

James M. Lamb, State Vice-President.

OHIO, NORTH.

It affords me great pleasure to state that the year gone by has been by far
the best, from a business standpoint, this section of Ohio has passed through
during the history of floriculture.

The demand for all kinds of cut flowers and bedding plants has far
exceeded other seasons. The local supply of cut flowers in nearly every case was
entirely inadequate. Outside markets had to be drawn upon to supply the
demand. Yet in the face of these prosperous conditions less building has taken
place than the previous year: this is probably due to the increase in the price of
material.

The demand for carnations has increased, consequently more space will be
devoted to their culture. So far as we can learn the condition of the plants

148 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

this year is very gratifying, less complaint about stem-rot than last year. The
growers are beginning to learn the advantages obtained from early planting; as
a result most of the plants are housed during the months of July and August.

A great deal of complaint has been heard from those who purchased
cuttings of the new varieties disseminated by several growers this season.
Cuttings which cost from $10.00 to $12.00 per hundred arrived in many cases
with few if any roots on, and covered with rust or spotted with bacteria. It is
bad practice on the part of the disseminator to send out poor stock and charge
such an outrageous price for it : such practices will have a tendency to injure
the business, as the average florist will be very chary about what he pays $10.00
or $12.00 per hundred for.

In the rose line Ainerican Beauty growing has taken a decided jump
within the last few years. More are being planted this year than befoi"e.
I..iberty in paying quantities has proved a decided failure. Bride, Bridesmaid
and Meteor are still the old standbys.

Bulbous stock in season was in very good demand. As a result the
majority of growers have increased their orders for this season.

Violet growing is at a low ebb in this section ; owing to climatic or other
unfavorable conditions double violets cannot be grown successfully. The
majority sold come from New York State or Michigan. There is certainly
money in it for the person producing good violets in northern Ohio.

The demand for palms and other foliage plants, with the exception of
Boston ferns, has been very weak for the past year. It is wonderful how the
demand for the ever popular Boston fern keeps up. The supply seldom
exceeds the demand.

Isaac Kennkdv, State Vice-President.

RHODE ISLAND.

As Vice-President of the State of Rhode Island I have the honor to submit
the following report :

Business in general the past season has been good, with better prices and
less surplus stock than in former years.

Although a few of the smaller florists suffered on account of the scarcity
of coal the majority were able to keep their houses in good condition.

This State still produces more stock than is needed for consumption but a
ready market is found in Boston.

Several establishments contemplate building and it is interesting to note
that the aim seems to be to erect modern houses as it is apparent that fancy
stock is in demand.

In conclusion 1 would say that the business seems to be in a prosperous
condition.

Loi'is J. Relter, State Vice-President.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 149

SOUTH CAROLINA.

There has been about fifteen thousand square feet of glass erected in this
State in the last year for the growing of cut flowers, for market, most of which
is in and around Columbia. There has been a steady increase in the cut-flower
business for several years. We have had a splendid growing season for field
crops. Carnations in the field are very good. The South Carolina State
Horticultural Society meet at Johnston, S. C, August 5.

Very respectfully,

Martin Stork, State Vice-President.

WISCONSIN.

I am pleased to be able to report that Wisconsin has enjoyed a year of
very prosperous trade in all lines of the florist's business. In this connection
I would say that the average price of all flowers has been considerably above
former years, and it was well that this was the case, as it certainly cost more to
produce the flowers considering the price that some of our fellow florists had
to pay for coal. The labor question has also been entering into our business to
some extent, as higher wages with shorter working time are now called for by
most greenhouse men.

The demand in the herbaceous line has been very heavy, but I regret to
note that a considerable amount of the planting done in this direction is per-
formed by what I may term common labor men, who while they may know well
enough how to plant a shrub do not know the first principle of artistic as well
as natural arrangement. This is to be regretted as it does not tend to improve
the appearance of the city or wherever the planting is done.

While the demand for bedding plants in general has not decreased yet
coleus and carpet beds have almost entirely disappeared and I seldom see such
monstrosities as formerly were to be seen. Apparently the taste of the public
is improving, or possibly the expense of these peculiar and tasteless designs is
too much for the average person.

In the cut-flower line I would respectfully call the attention of growers to
the fact that there is a continually increasing demand for variety in flowers,
meaning thereby that other flowers than roses and carnations and violets and a
few other regular florist's flowers, would be a welcomed addition to the market
and would no doubt be a paying proposition if properly grown.

It is also Avell to note that during the past year there has been but one
week in which really first-class stock did not bring a price that must be gratify-
ing to the grower.

Building operations have been in full swing at quite a few places this year ;
a good indication of a past prosperous year. Growers in Wisconsin are
awakening to the fact that it pays to have good houses and in consequence we
have some modern and attractive places which would be well worth the while
for visitors to the Convention to inspect.

150 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

After being without a Florist Club for nearly seven jears the Milwaukee
florists finally have been able to organize the " Milwaukee Florist Club '" and
at the time of writing the same is in a flourishing condition which I hope it will
continue to be for a long time to come. As it is a well known fact that many
objects can be obtained by co-operation and as a Florist Club will do more
towards co-operation than any other method possible I would advise all
Milwaukee Florists to take an active interest in the Club and do all to promote
its welfare.

As Milwaukee has been chosen as the next meeting place of the Society
of American Florists and as I presume that the majority of members of the
Society will visit this city, I will not dwell on the marked improvement in
the appearances of our local tiower stores but such improvement has taken
place and Milwaukee can now lay claim to some of the finest stores in the
country.

In conclusion I wish to state that the Convention promises to be a grand
success and no doubt will do much for the improvement of our local business
so that the next Vice-President for this State will be in a position to make a
better report.

Hoping to see you all in Milwaukee during the Convention I remain,

Yours very respectfully.

Fred H. Holton, State Vice-President.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 151

REPORTS OF EXHIBITION JUDGES.-

PLANTS CLASS A.

Judges: Harry Papworth, Otto Speidel, Andrew Ferguson, Wm. L,
Palinskj, H. H. Junge.

Certificates of Merit awarded as follows :

Siebrecht and Son, New Rochelle, N. Y. Large collection of decorative
piants in all sizes, including palms, dracaenas, pandanuses, also a very pretty
plant of Phoenix Roebelinii, Phoenicophorium Sechellarum, Ananassa sativa
fol. var. and Kentia Wendlandiana.

Peter Crowe, Utica, N, Y. Specimen plants from benches; also a large
qxiantity of cut fronds of Adiantum Croweanum. The committee thinks this
adiantum will prove a very valuable variety as a cut fern and a distinct variety
of great promise.

J. A. Peterson, Cincinnati, O. A collection of ferns and pandanuses and
some well-grown specimens of Begonia Gloire de Lorraine and Adiantum
Farleyense.

Julius Roehrs, Rutherford, N. J. A very creditable exhibit of araucarias,
crotons, aspidistras, oranges, ardisias, dracsenas and palms in variety.

Robert Craig and Son, Philadelphia, Pa. A very good collection of deco-
rative plants such as kentias, pandanuses and dracaenas. This collection
includes a good specimen of Thrinax elegans, some Dracaena Goldiana, also
Maranta rosea lineata, ferns in variety, and a very highly colored specimen of
Ananassa sativa fol. var. They also show some samples of promising Cycla-
men persicum. Their collection of crotons proved the center of attraction in
this line, especially the new variety Craigii.

Lemuel Ball, Wissinoming, Philadelphia, Pa. Collection of well-grown
palms, dracaenas, arecas and ferns, the latter including Cibotium Scheidei.

Charles D. Ball, Holmesburg, Pa. The usual exhibit of well-grown deco-
rative stock.

L. H. Foster, Dorchester, Mass. Nephrolepis exaltata Anna Foster.
This variety appears well as a specimen plant.

C. C. Pollworth Company, Milwaukee, Wis. A well-arranged group of
plants such as palms and ferns, also Araucaria plumosa — considered a novelty.

Vaughan's Seed Store, Chicago, Ills. Large commercial plants of made-
up kentias, araucarias, a collection of Nephrolepis Anna Foster, Pearsonii and
Bostoniensis, also a nice plant of Adiantum Farleyense.

George Wittbold, Chicago, Ills. Collection of decorative plants of all
sizes, including two grand specimens of Cocos Bonnetii.

152 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVEXTIOX

W. A. Manda, South Orange, N.J. A table of verv valuable plants. In
orchids are shown Ltelia elegans, Cvpripedium Josephianum, good forms of
cattleyas, dendrobes. oncidiums and others: a nice collection of stove plants:
specimens of well-grown evergreens.

An additional certificate of merit is given for Golden-leaved Privet, which,
should it prove hardy and retain its color, will prove a valuable plant.

H. A. Dreer, Philadelphia, Pa. A large and creditable display of palms in
all sizes, a collection of well-grown araucarias, also a large collection of small
ferns, some Eurya latifolia well-colored and some Kentia Sanderiana very
promising. In ferns Gymnogramma chrysophylla superba, highly colored.
Additional certificates of merit are given for the following novelties :

Asparagus myriocladus. A distinct form of asparagus : it appears to be a
cross between Sprengerii and decumbens and a great improvement over both.

Asparagus plumosus compactus. A small hybrid between plumosus
nanus and tenuissimus ; a valuable plant if it retains its character.

Lager & Hurrell, Summit, NJ. Table of orchids, established and unes-
tablished plants. This collection represents some very valuable varieties, includ-
ing Cypripedium Harrisianum superbum, Lielia elegans, Cattleya Leopoldii,
Vanda coerulea and many other valuable species.

Honorable Mention is given to the following:

Holton & Hunkel Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Kentias, araucarias, fine plants of
Cocos Wedelliana and a collection of small ferns and asparagus.

George A. Kuhl, Pekin. Ills. A collection of well-grown specimen plants
of Boston fern.

R. & J. Farquhar & Co., Boston, Mass. Begonia Gloire de Lorraine and
Begonia Gloire de Lorraine nana compacta in small pots.

Joseph Heacock, Wyncote, Pa. A collection of well-grown commercial
palms.

J. B. Heiss, Dayton, Ohio. A collection of well-grown small palms.

H. A. Dreer, Philadelphia, Pa. New fancy caladiums, Countess of War
wick, Undulatum, L'Ami Schwartz, Mrs. Oliver Ames. These are representa-
tives of a new dwarf type.

Albert Fuchs, Chicago, Ills. Collection of well-grown decorative plants,
including small ferns, pandanuses and a good specimen of Nephrolepis exaltata
Bostoniensis.

The following exhibits are highly commended :

Mrs. R. Mauff, Denver, Col. A nice specimen, supposed sport of the
Boston fern.

A. C. Oelschig, Savannah, Ga. Well-grown Ficus elastica var. in three-
inch pots, also Ficus elastica.

P. J. Berckmans Company, Augusta, Ga. Well-grown clean plants of
Biota aurea nana and small sizes of Kentia Belmoreana.

F. R. Pierson Company, Tarrytown, N. Y., showed a magnificent lot of
Nephrolepis Pierson ii, which was awarded the gold medal of this Society last

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 153

year at Asheville. As it has already received the highest award possible in the
gift of the Society jour committee can make no farther award at this time;
but we wish to saj that another year has only further demonstrated its great
value commercially and confirmed the judgment of the committee that awarded
it the first and only gold medal given by this Society for any new plant.

CUT FLOWERS CLASS B.

Judges: A. H. Langjahr, John Sibson, E. G. Gillett, A. F. Barbe.

Certificates of Merit awarded as follows :

Chester A. Olmstead. The new Aster.

Cushman Gladiolus Company. Exhibition of Gladioli. For collection
of blue ribbon mixture. For new varieties Princeps and Misceria.
Honorable Mention to

Cowee's Collection of Gladioli.

BOILERS AND HEATING APPARATUS CLASS C.

Judges : Lemuel Ball, J. M. Gasser, J. T. Temple.

Certificate of Merit :

Kroescheil Brothers Company, of Chicago, Ills., for return tubular steel
boiler for hot water.

Honorable Mention :

The Lord and Burnham Company, of Irvington-on-Hudson, N. Y., for
round boiler, also new sectional boiler.

Highly Commended :

The Herendeen Manufacturing Company, of Geneva, N. Y., for exhibit
of three Furman new sectional boilers, also one conical boiler.

GREENHOUSE APPLIANCES AND FLOWER POTS CLASS D.

Judges : J. S. Wilson, W. A. Kennedy, H. M. Altick.
Certificates of Merit are awarded as follows :

Leopold Koropp, of Chicago, Ills., for greenhouse hanger for shelves
and pots.

Foley Manufacturing Company, Chicago, Ills., for ventilating apparatus,
improved brace and pipe fittings.

Henry F. Michell Company, Philadelphia, Pa., for new zinc glazing
points.

Honorable Mention is awarded as follows :

Lord & Burnham Company, New York. Adjustable greenhouse posts and
improved strengthening truss and fastenings for greenhouse roofs.

154 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

C. E. Finley, Joliet, Ills. Flower pot washer.

H. C. Chessman, Richmond, Ind. Adjustable pot hanger.

A. Dietsch & Co., Chicago, Ills. New construction in a U-shaped cypress
gutter.

Ionia Pottery Company, Ionia, Mich. Creditable display of flower pots
and vases.

Edward Winterson Co., Chicago, Ills. Display of garden hose and wagon
heaters.

H. Thaden, Altanta, Ga. Thaden's wire tendril.

I. N. Kramer & Son, Cedar Rapids, la. Non-freezable galvanized iron
valley gutter and drip collector; also Kramer's patent adjustable tubular green-
house construction and wire pot hangers.

J. L. Dillon, Bloomsburg, Pa. Composition for gutters and posts, zinc
caps and system of sub-irrigation.

Chadborn Mfg. Company, Newburgh, N. Y. Patent automatic ventilator.

Lord & Burnham Company, Trvington, N. Y. Ventilating apparatus,
angle iron post and greenhouse putty.

Quaker City Machine Company, Richmond, Ind. Evans Challenge ven-
tilating apparatus and iron pipe hangers and brackets.

Geo. M. Garland, Des Plaines, Ills. Garland's iron gutter.

SUPPLIES CI-ASSES E AND G.

Judges: Wm. F. Kasting, C. C. Pollworth, John Westcott.

M. Rice & Co., and H. Bayersdorfer & Co. Both of these exhibits are
very large and complete and contain many new and meritorious things. Certif-
icate on general line of special supplies.

Sigmund Geller and E. H. Hunt. A very creditable display of florists'
supplies. Honorable mention.

J. Stern & Co. Wax flowers and designs.

A Herrmann & Co. Metal designs and other florists' supplies. Honorable
mention.

Reed & Keller. General line of supplies. Adjustable plant stand, very
useful for decorative purposes, and original wire designs. Highly commended.

Ed. Winterson Company. Florists' supplies. Honorable mention.

C. C. Pollworth Company. Original wire design. Highly commended.

L. Baumann Co. Artificial palms and plants. Honorable mention.

Robert Kift. Adjustable flower holder — very effective for decorating.
Highly commended.

Alex. Klokner. Vase for table decorating. Honorable mention,

S. S. Pennock. Ribbon and novelties. A very creditable display of rib-
bons adapted for florists' use — a large and complete line. Highly commended.

Schloss Bros. Ribbons.

M. Rice & Co. Highly commended for display of ribbons.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 155-

Dajton Paper Novelty Company and Edwards & Docker. A very cred-
itable display of florists' folding boxes.

J. W. Sefton Manufacturing Company. Corrugated box — deserves
special mention. Also folding boxes.

Lord's folding shipping box for plants — looks very useful for the
purpose.

H. J. Smith. Moss, ferns, evergreens.

Thos. Collins. Wreathing.

J. G. Esler makes an exhibit of hose.

J. C. ''Meyer. Display of silkaline.

Thomas Meehan. Display of rafia. Honorable mention.
D. B. Long. Floral albums, shipping tags and florists' stationery.
Roseville Pottery. A very fine and ornamental display of jardinieres and
pedestals.

lona Pottery Company. Display of pots.

W. J. Cowee. Display of wired toothpick.

B, Rosen. Exhibit of Christmas bells.

Wm. F. Kasting. Chenille and immortelle Christmas bells, very pretty
and artistic. Also tin-enameled cemetery vase and florists' shears.

BULBS CLASS F.

Judges : W. Currie, A. Poehlmann, John Farquhar.

E. H. Hunt, of Chicago, exhibited bulbs of Lilium Harrisii, Fresia
refracta alba and Chinese narcissus, the last produced in ^Cali'fornia, all of
good size and very solid.

The Misses Wilson, Montgomery, Ala., exhibited bulbs of large-flowered
paper white polyanthus narcissus, which were of fair size and clean appearance.

The Cushman Gladiolus Company, of Sylvania, Ohio, exhibited two plates
of well-matured gladiolus bulbs from early-flowered stock.

The largest collection of bulbs came from Vaughan's seed store. It
included very fine Dutch hyacinths. Emperor and double Von Sion narcissus,
which attracted special attention. Tulips and other stock were of good quality.
Two cases of Lilium lancifolium rubrum from cold storage were solid and well
preserved.

Messrs. Clucas and Boddington Company exhibited a lot of Lilium Har-
risii and longiflorum, which were of very clean appearance and thoroughly
ripened. The exhibit included good bulbs of Amaryllis Johnsonii and gladioli
from Bermuda, also remarkably well-kept bulbs of Lilium longiflorum from
cold storage.

156

PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

HOME GROWN BULBS.

In response to the published invitation, American-grown bulbs were sent
to the exhibition by Misses Wilson, Montgomery, Alabama, who exhibited
narcissus paper-white grandiflora; Poat Bros., of Ettrick, Va., who sent
narcissi in several species; and the Jessamine Gardens, Jessamine, Florida, who
showed fancv-leaved caladiums. These roots were to have been given a test
under official supervision as to their forcing qualities, but the tests will un-
doubtedly be made under private" observation only, as, in the confusion
attending the final packing, they disappeared. If the parties who secured them
will have the kindness to make report to the secretary's office on the quality of
the bulbs it will be received with thanks and all will be forgiven.

REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF TRADE
EXHIBITION.

I herebv submit my report on Trade Exhibition held in connection with
the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists' Convention
at Exposition Hall, Milwaukee, August 18 to 21, 1903 :

RECEIPTS.

The J. W. Sefton Manufacturing Co.
F. R. Pierson
Ionia Pottery Co.
S. S. Pennock
A. Dietsch Si. Co.
Vaughan's Seed Store
Quaker City Machine Co.
W. F. Kasting
Henry A. Dreer .
Charles D. Ball .
Arthur Cowee
The Herendeen Manufacturing Co.
Carried forward

$ 36 00

27

00

8

40

64

00

18

00

36

00

9

50

4

20

90

00

18

00

IS

00

75

60

$394.70

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

157

Brought forward
M. Rice & Co.
J. Stern & Co.
H. Bajersdorfer & Co. .
Lemuel Ball

John C. Moninger Co. .
J. A. Peterson
Albert Fuchs

Dayton Paper Novelty Co.
Foley Manufacturing Co.
J. G. & A. Esler .
Dillon Greenhouse Manufacturing Co.
Reed & Keller
Bassett & Washburn
Florist Publishing Co. .
J. D. Thompson Carnation Co
Kroeschell Bros. Co.
Benthey & Co.
Wm. E. Dallwig .
American Florist Co.
The Chadburn Manufacturing C
Kennicott Brothers Co. .
E. C. Amling
John Deamud
L. B. Brague
Schloss Brothers
A. T. De La Mare P. & P. Co.
E. F. Winterson Co.
Lord & Burnham Co.

A. Herrmann
Sigmund Geller .
Clucas & Boddington Co.
W. J. Co wee
Peter Rein berg .
George Wittbold Co.
C. E. Finley
Thomas Meehan & Sons
Weiland & Roesch
George Rein berg
Weitor Brothers .
W. W. Barnard & Co. .
Sol. Hanfling
George A. Kuhl .

B. Rosen .
J. B. Heiss
Joseph Kift & Son
E. H. Hunt
Lager & Hurrell .
L. Baumann Co.
Siebrecht & Son

Flexible Glass Manufacturing Co
Robert Craig & Son
H. C. Chessman
Pohleman Brothers Co. .
E. Hippard

Carried forward

394

70

108

00

27

00

108

00

14 25

27

00

11

40

18

00

27

00

70

60

2

00

18

00

90

00

75

00

30

00

30

00

1,^

00

30

00

15

00

50

00

12

16

60

00

30

00

15

00

10

00

(}

30

4

20

34

20

54

00

18

00

36

00

!)

50

3

36

60

00

27

00

7

56

5

04

30

00

30

00

60

00

30

00

5

25

10 00

4

00

4

20

6

30

72

00

6

30

36

00

90

00

2

50

39

60

2

00

30

00

3

15

c

$2017 57

158

PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Brought forward
Holton ilv: Hunkel Co.
Daniel B. Long .
The Engineering Power Co.
A. C. Oelschig .
Patek Brothers .
The Roseville Pottery Co.
Lucius IL Foster
Julius Roehrs
H. G. Berning
R. & J. Farquhar & Co.
Michigan Cut Flower Co.
Thomas Collins .
Chester A. Olmstead
Edwards & Docker Co.
A. Klokner
John C. Meyer & Co.
Cushman Gladiolus Co.
W. A. Manda
H. J. Smith
Floral Life
J. N. Kramer
C. C. Poll worth .
W. C. Krick
H. Thaden
L P. Lord
P. L. Berckmans Co.
Henry F. Michell Co.
Mrs. A. Mauf
H. Beaulieu
Caldwell The Woodsman Co.

Total .

017

57

18

00

2

94

5

25

9

00

15

00

18

00

6

20

10

50

30

00

5

25

15

00

2

fO

1

00

5

25

5

04

2

25

6

20

9

50

2

00

2

00

9

50

27

00

2

52

2

00

4

20

6

20

2

00

2

00

1

25

4

00

$2,248.62

EXPENDITURES.

Rent of Hall

Carpenter

Signs

Saucers for Plants

Cloth ...

Partition .

Stamps and Stationery .

Printing .

Nail Pullers, Watering Can, II

and Nails
Paper for Covering Tables
Help and Clerk Hire
Making diagram of Hall
Superintendent .
Electric Wiring .

Total .

Saw;

Tacks

Rope

$500

00

200

00

155

40

5

00

48

93

15

00

42

00

41

90

9

15

9

'75

92

00

3

00

224

86

5

00

$1,351.99

SOCIETY OF AMERICAX FLORISTS. 159

Received for Space ...... $2,248 62

Expense ........ 1,351 99

Balance ..... $89« 63

Credit for Cloth . . . . . . . 12 00

Balance to the Credit of Milwaukee Florists' Club . . $908 63

Respectfully submitted,

Fked H. Holton.

160 PROCEKDINGS OK XINKTEENTH COXVENTIOX

PLANT INTRODUCTIONS FOR 1903.

CARNATIONS.

Adonis (Hill & Craig), scarlet.

Alpine Glow (Ward), light pink.

Enchantress (Thompson Carnation Co.), light pink.

Fiancee (Chicago Carnation Co.), pink.

Fragrance (Dailledouze), light pink.

Governor Lowndes (Weber), white.

Harlowarden (Chicago Carnation Co.), crimson.

Her Majesty (Chicago Carnation Co.), white.

Lillian Pond (Renter), white.

Marian (Passmore), white.

Marshall Field (Chicago Carnation Co.), red and white variegated.

May Naylor (Fillon & Banks), white.

Miss Louise Faber (Fick i^ Faber), pink.

Mrs. John A. Thayer (Ward).

Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt (Ward), cerise.

Murphy's White (Murphy).

Penelope (Dorner), white.

Sibyl (Dorner), cerise.

Success (Shell), light pink.

The Queen (Little South Floral Co., e\: Goddard), white.

Tiger (Eichholz), orange, striped pink.

White Bradt (Dailledouze), sport from Mrs. G. M. Bradt.

CHRYSANTHEMUMS.

Algoma. Jap. Inc. (Smith), light rose.

Amorita, Jap. Inc. (May), Mrs. Perrin X Mrs. Jerome Jones ; pink.

Baden Powell, Jap. (Imp), red.

Bessie Godfrey (Imp), cream.

Brumaire, Jap. Inc. (Imp), lilac.

C. J. Salter, Jap. Inc. (Imp), yellow.

Calvat's Sun, Jap. Inc. (Imp), yellow.

Chas. Longley, Jap. (Imp), rosy purple.

Columbia, Inc. (Hill & Craig), pink.

Convention Hall, Jap. Inc. (Smith), The Qiieen X Merza ; white.

Dazzler, (Imp), crimson.

Depute Baragiola, Tubular (Imp), red and yellow.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 161

Durban's Pride, Jap. (Imp), mauve.

Edward VII, Jap. (Imp), claret.

Estelle, Jap. (Altick), white sport from Glory of Pacific.

Etheljn, Jap. Inc. (Smith), light rose.

F. S. Valis, Jap. (Imp), yellow.

Florence Molyneaux, Jap. (Imp), white.

F. J. Taggart, hairy, (Smith), yellow.

G. H. Kerslake, Jr., Jap. (Imp), pearl white.
Globosa Alba, Jap. Inc. (Smith), white.
Godfrey's King, (Imp), crimson.
Godfrey's Pet (Imp), yellow.

Guy Hamilton, Jap. Inc. (Imp), white.

H. E. Ilayman (Imp), orange, overlaid chestnut.

H. W. Buckbee, Jap. (Smith), Mrs. Trenor L. ParkXNagoya; yellow.

Henry Sinclair, Jap. Inc. (May), H. L. Sunderbruch XJeannie Falconer; canary

yellow.
Hero of Mafeking, (Imp), crimson.
Lady Hopetoun, Ref. (Imp), heliotrope pink.
Lady Roberts, (Imp), crimson, gold reverse.
Lily Mountford (Imp), blush.

Lord Salisbury Tlmp), yellow, suffused crimson.
Louis Leveque, (Imp), red.
Louis Leroux, Jap. Inc. (Imp), nankeen.
Loveliness (Imp), canary yellow.
M. Chambry, Jap. (Imp), yellow.
Mabel Manwarring, Jap. (Imp), yellow.
Mabel Morgan, Jap. Ref. (Imp), yellow.
Marie Liger, (Imp), pearl pink.
Matthew Smith, (Imp), yellow, spangled crimson.
Mdlle. Marg. Douillet, Jap. (Ref.), white.
Meredith, Jap. (Imp), terra cotta, buff reverse.
Millicent Richardson, (Imp), purple claret, silver reverse.
Miss Alice Byson (Imp), white.
Miss Daisy Moore, Ref. (_Imp), pink.
Miss Lucy Evans, Jap. (Imp), heliotrope pink.
Miss Minnie Bailey, Jap. Inc. (Smith), pink.
Miss Stella T. Elkins, Jap. Ref. (Michell), red.
Mme. Cahuzac (Imp), yellow.
Mme. Ch. Diederiechs, Jap. (Imp), cream.
Mme. E. Nicoullaud, Inc. (Imp), cream.
Mme. G. Bruant, (Imp), rose.

Mme. Herrewege, Inc. (Imp), white sport from Australia.
Mme. Jean Seince. Jap. Ref. (Imp), cream, tinted rose.
Mme. Iv. Chevrant, (Imp;, pink.
Mme. Paolo Radaelli, Inc. (Imp), cream, tinted rose.

162 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Mme. R. Cadbury, Jap. (Imp), cream.

Mme. Von Andre, (Imp), light yellow sport from Mutual Friend.
Mr. F. S. Vallis, Jap. (Imp), yellow.
Mrs. Alexander McKinlej', (Imp), terra cotta.
Mrs. C. J. Salter, (Imp), crimson scarlet.
Mrs. Harry Emmerton, Ref. (Imp), yellow.
Mrs. Harry V. Casey, Jap. Inc. (Binder), silver pink.
Mrs. J. C. Neville, Jap. (Imp), white.
Mrs. J. J. Mitchell, Jap. Inc. (Smith), cream.
Mrs. J. T. Thornycroft (Imp), orange, shaded apricot.
Mrs. R. Darby, Jap. (Imp), amaranth.
Mrs. Rufus W. Smith, Jap. Inc. (May), white.
Mrs. T. W. Pockett, Ref. (Imp), canary yellow.
O. Tahite, Jap. Inc. (Imp), red and gold.
Queen Alexandra, (Imp), buff, shaded pink.
Quo Vadis, Jap. Inc. (Imp), pale gold.

R. E. Richardson, (Schray's Pink), Jap. Inc. (Hill & Craig), pink.
Robert Laird, Ref. (Imp), white.
Sephia, Jap. Inc. (Smith), yellow.
Silver Qiieen, Jap. Inc. (Imp), pink.
The Princess (Imp), improved Nellie Pockett.
T. Humphreys, Ref. (Imp), chestnut.
Uwanta, (May), amaranth.
Vicar of Leatherhead, Jap. (Imp), yellow.
W. R. Church, (Imp), crimson maroon, bluish reverse.

Yellow Eaton, "Dr. Oronhyatekha," (Hill, Craig & Pierson), a yellow sport
from Timothy Eaton.

ROSES.

Conrad Strassheim, H. T. (Hill), rose and white.

Franze Deegen, H. T. (Asmus, Hill & So. Park Floral Co.), yellow.

Perle Von Godesburg (Hill), a yellow sport from Kaiserin Augusta Victoria.

Saxonia, T. (Hill), white, edged rose.

DAHLIAS.
Brunhielde, Cac. (Dreer), plum.
Kriemhilde, Cac. (Dreer), pink.
Volker, Cac. (Dreer), yellow.

ZONAL GERANIUMS.

Cleopatra, single (Eichholz), salmon.

Double Dryden (Eichholz).

Goliath, single (Eichholz), magenta, yellowish blotches on base.

Gov. Stone (Eichholz), single criinson rose, white center.

James S. Wilson (Eichholz), double, rose, white center.

Little Red Riding Hood (Eichholz), double, dark rose.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 163

MISCELLANEOUS.
The introduction of foreign stove and greenhouse plants is not carried on
by importers to such an extent as was the case ten years ago and disseminators
are evidently more careful that only such things as are likely to prove remuner-
ative are sent home by their collectors. It is only just to the enterprising firms
engaged in this somewhat hazardous business that plants introduced by them
be given a fair trial, not grown a few months and then condemned and dis-
carded altogether before being tested under different conditions.
Abutilon Pink Beauty (Ozone Park Nur.)
Acalypha bicolor compacta (Vaughan), foliage margined, barred and dotted

yellow.
Adonis davarica flore pleno (Dreer), double yellow.
Alpinia tricolor (Sander), foliage green, yellow and white. From Solomon

Islands.
Ampelopsis Veitchii robusta purpurea (Dreer), blue-green foliage.
Anemone Japonica (Dreer). Giant Blanche, single white; Rosea superba,

single rose.
Bactris aurantiaca (Reasoner).
Bactris latifolia (Reasoner).
Bambusa spinosa (Reasoner).
Brunfelsia nitida (Reasoner;.
Caladiums, Fancy Leaved (Dreer), Countess of Warwick, Mrs. Oliver Ames and

L'Ami Schwartz.
Canna, Souvenir de J. H. Krelage (Imp), orange scarlet, foliage metallic

bronze.
Cassia nodosa (Reasoner). \

Clematis Ville de Lyon (Dreer), Jackmani type, carmine.
Colubrina ferruginosa (Reasoner).
Cordia Irevis (Reasoner).

Delphinium Albion (Dreer), semi-double, white.
Dracaena Kewensis (Sander), foliage dark green with red leafstalk.
Ficus pandurafa (Sander), immense foliage.
Gloriosa virescens (Reasoner).

Heliconia Edwardus Rex (Sander), foliage bronze, red reverse.
Hemerocalis Florham (Dreer), yellow.
Hollyhocks, Hybrid Everblooming (Henderson).
Hymeniea Coubaril (Reasoner).
Iris hybrida pumila (Dreer), Cyanea, purple ; Eburna, white ; Florida, lemon

yellow ; Formosa, violet blue.
Lonicera Hendersonii (Henderson), everblooming.
Nephelium Longanum (Reasoner).
Nephrolepis exaltata Fosterianna (Foster) bi-pinnate.
Nephrolepis exaltata Piersonii (Pierson), bi-pinnate.
Peptadenia Oudbensis (Reasoner).
Phrynium Micholitzii (Sander), foliage striped white, midrib and stems red.

164 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Pinks, Hardj Everblooming (Dreer). Comet, crimson; Delicata, rose; Dis-
tinction, rose and crimson; Sparkler, rose pink; Superba, pink, inaroon
center; White Reserve, white.

Privet, Manda's Golden (Manda), yellow variegated foliage ; sport from Cali-
fornia privet (L. ovalifolium).

Rojstonea Borinquena (Reasoner).

Salvia Audubon (Dreer), foliage variegated yellow.

Salvia, Glory of Stuttgart (Imp).

Salvia, Triumph (Imp).

Selaginella Watsoniana (Sander), foliage broad and silver-variegated tips.

Swartzia grandiflora (Reasoner).

Thrinax Morrissi (Reasoner).

Tritomas (Dreer), Floribunda, orange scarlet; Otto Mann, red and yellow;
Triumph, yellow.

Wallichia densiflora (Reasoner).

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

165

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SPORTS.

BOWLING TOURNAMENT.

The bowling tournament took place on Wednesday afternoon,
ten teams participating. Following are the scores :

PHILADELPHIA.

Connor 505

Yates 520

Robertson 512

Kift 471

Adelberger 558

Polites 469

3035

BUFFALO

Kasting 539

McClure 508

Webber 463

Scott 423

Wallace 428

Risch 478

2839

ST. LOUIS.

Beneke 475

Bejer 495

Miller 472

Adles 460

Guj 418

Kuhn 425

2745

DETROIT.

Ferguson 437

Beard 384

Breitmever 498

Sullivan 429

Watson 391

Holznagel 456

CHICAGO.

G. Stollerv 517

F. Stollerj 503

Lambros 471

Asmus 518

Balluff 367

Foerster 587

2963

MILWAUKEE.

Hunkel 453

Edlefsen 477

Zweifel 456

Kennedy 416

Holton 451

Pollworth 603

2756

DENVER.

Mauff 509

Kurth 391

Valentine 409

Crump 376

Benson 494

Scott 515

CLEVELAND.

Ponting .
A. Graham
Eadie . .
Kelley .
Kuntz
C. Graham

2694

305
393
462
456
448
523

2595

2587

166

PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

NEW YORK.

O'Mara 473

Traendly 454

Bunyard 367

Guttman 291

Siebrecht 282

Lang 577

2444

WASHINGTON.

Ernest 474

A. Glide 385

Shaffer 375

W. F. Gude 391

Esch 321

Goeffler 356

2302

INDIVIDUAL SCORES.

Smith 359

Altick 369

Banner 445

Schmeling 294

W. Scott 388

R. F. Wilcox 330

Taylor 393

Goetz 383

Dunn 393

Klockner 421

Hauswirth 440

Ludwig 326

Dunlap 410

Rodgers 437

Papworth 315

Evans 394

Critchell 427

G. B. Scott 403

Poehlman 308

J. F. Wilcox 502

Wilson 444

Merkel 349

Bartels , . 273

Freytag 461

Watson 402

Degnan 417

Reineman 414

Gregory 345

McKellar 417

Mrs. Smith 173

Mrs. Gerhardt 105

Mrs. Kennedy 175

Miss T. Meinhardt .... 63

Miss Weber 127

Mrs. Guy 83

Mrs. Meinhardt 105

Mrs. Kasting 143

Mrs. Hauswirth 153

Mrs. Reinberg 235

Mrs. Reinhardt 146

Mrs. Hills 67

Miss Folsom 97

Mrs. Holton 105

Mrs Hunkel 93

Miss Rillerbuck 119

Mrs. Johansen 159

Miss Semler 141

Mrs. Weber 157

Mrs. Steidel 96

Miss L. Meinhardt 156

Miss Klimmer 104

Mrs. Herr 86

Mrs. Kreitting 205

Mrs. Beneke HI

Mrs. Zweifel 104

Mrs. Stollery 133

Mrs. Halladay 119

Mrs. McKellar 109

Mrs. Zender 113

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 167

THE PRIZES AND THE WINNERS.
TEAM CONTESTS.

First Prize — Gold Medal to each member of team scoring highest total
in three games, offered by Milwaukee Florists' Club. Won by Philadelphia.
Total, 3,035 pins.

Second Prize — Stein to each member of team scoring second highest
total in three games, offered by Citizens' Business League. Won by Chicago.
Total, 2,963 pins.

Third Prize — Scarf Pin to each member of team scoring third highest
total in three games, offered by C. C. Pollworth Company. Won by Buffalo.
Total, 2,889 pins.

Fourth Prize — One Hundred Cigars to team scoring fourth highest total
in three games, offered by Henry J. Wehr. Won by Milwaukee. Total, 2,756
pins.

HiTCHiNGS Cup — To team scoring highest total in third game. Won by
Philadelphia. Total, 1,062 pins. The cup is now the property of the Philadel-
phia Club.

INDIVIDUAL prizes IN TEAM CONTESTS.

First Prize — Silver Cup to member scoring highest total in three
games, offered by E. F. Winterson, Chicago. Won by Joseph Foerster, Chi-
cago. Total, 58G pins.

Second Prize — Field Glass to member scoring second highest total in
three games, offered by Wm. J. Stewart. Won by Theo. Lang, New York.
Total, 577 pins.

Third Prize — Cut Glass Bowl to member scoring third highest total in
three games, offered by Henry Weber. Won by F. Adelberger, Philadelphia.
Total, 558 pins.

Gold Medal to member scoring greatest number of strikes in three games,
offered by Sargent's Restaurant. Won by F. Adelberger, Philadelphia, 14
strikes.

Gold Medal to member scoring greatest number of spares in three games,
offered by Sargent's Restaurant. Won by George Stollery, Chicago, 20
spares.

prizes in individual class for members not having bowled in
team contest.

First Prize — Evans Medal to member scoring highest total in three
games, offered by John A. Evans. Won by J. F. Wilcox, Covincil Bluffs.
Total, 502 pins.

Second Prize — Gold Medal to member scoring second highest total in
three games, offered by John Webef. Won by Freytag. Total, 461 pins.

Third Prize — Umbrella to member scoring third highest total in three
games, offered by J. F. Wilcox. Won by J. L. Banner, Montezuma, N.C.
Total, 445 pins.

168 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Fourth Prize — Umbrella to member scoring fourth highest total in
three games, offered bj Kuntz Bros. Won by J. S. Wilson, Chicago.
Total, 444 pins.

Fifth Prize — Bowling Ball to member scoring fifth highest total in
three games, offered by Brunswick Balke Collender Co. Won by P. J. Haus-
wirth, Chicago. Total, 440 pins.

Sixth Prize — Pair of Cuff Buttons, to member scoring sixth highest
total in three games, offered by F. Pollworth & Brother. Won by J. W. Rodgers,
Cincinnati, Ohio. Total, 439 pins.

SPECIAL prizes, OPEN TO ALL.

First Prize — Gold Watch, to member scoring the highest single score
during tournament, offered by Western Bowlers' Journal and Encyclopiiedia.
Won by F. Adelberger, Philadelphia; 226 pins.

Second Prize — Umbrella, to member scoring second highest single score
during tournament, offered by Steve Geroux. Won by Joseph Foerster, Chicago;
221 pins.

Third Prize — Fish Pole, to member scoring third highest single score
during tournament, offered by Citizens' Business League. Won by Carl Beyer,
St. Louis; 212 pins.

Fourth Prize — Box of Cigars, to member scoring fourth highest single
score during tournament, offered by Sam Kind & Bros. Won by George
McClure, Buffalo; 207 pins.

Championship Prize — To decide championship of Society of American
Florists. The member scoring highest total in three games in the individual
class, and the member scoring highest total in each of the teams contesting,,
being eligible to bowl in this contest. Gold Medal offered by W. P. Mussey,
Chicago. Won by Joseph Foerster, Chicago. Total, 549 pins.

LADIES' BOWLING TOURNAMENT.

1. Walter Kreitling Prize, $5 Gold Piece to lady scoring highest total in
three games. Won by Mrs. Peter Reinberg, Chicago.

2. Anna Kreitling Prize. Sofa Pillow to lady scoring second highest
total in three games. Won by Mrs. Walter Kreitling, Chicago.

3. D. R. Jones Drug Company Prize. Bottle of Perfume to lady scoring
third highest total in three games. Won by Mrs. Kennedy, Milwaukee.

4. Dever Bros. Prize. Box of Stationery to lady scoring fourth highest
total. Won by Mrs. Smith.

5. Fleischer Box Company Prize. Handkerchief Case to lady scoring fifth
highest total. Won by Mrs. Johansen.

6. Fleischer Box Company Prize. Handkerchief Case to lady scoring
sixth highest total. Won by Mrs. F. C. Weber, St. Louis.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS.

169

7. James Chacona Prize. Five-pound Box of Candv to lady scoring
seventh highest total. Won by Miss L. Meinhardt, St. Louis.

8. Bottle of Apricot Brandy. Won by Mrs. P. J. Ilauswirth.

9. Cream City Candy Co. Prize. Box of Candy to lady scoring ninth
highest total. Won by Mrs. Reinhardt.

1. Yahr & Lange Company Prize. Pocketbook to lady making most
strikes in three games. Won by Mrs. Smith.

2. Wright Drug Company Prize. Ebony Hairbrush for the lady making
the most spares in three games. Won by Mrs. F. C. Weber, St. Louis.

3. Brunswick Balke Company Prize. Bowling Ball to lady making high-
est single score during entire tournament. Won by Mrs. Peter Reinberg.

Phil. Hauswirth, Chairman.

SHOOTING TOURNAMENT.

The success of the annual bowHng tournament Wednesday was
rivaled on Thursday by the shooting tournament, held on the South'
Side Gun Club grounds, under the able management of F, S.
Schmeling. Two events were held and both were won by Ohio men.

In the first event, forty birds, H. M. Altick, of Dayton, was the
winner, with thirty-one birds, while E. Hippard was a close second,
with thirty. James Eadie of Cleveland was third, with twenty-eight.
The second event was twenty blue rocks, ten pairs. James Eadie of
Cleveland was the winner, with sixteen, while Reid of Philadelphia
was a close second, with fifteen. The scores were as follows :

FORTY BIRDS.

Altick 31

Hippard 30

Eadie 28

Reid 25

Braik 23

Kirschner 22

Steffens 21

Dunlop 19

Scott 18

Bartels 16

Pohl 16

Tesson 16

McClure 15

Rodgers 15

Graham 14

Zender 13

Klokner 4

170 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

FLORISTS' HAIL ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA

Milwaukee, Wis., August 17, 1903.
At the annual meeting of the Florists' Hail Association of Amer-
ica, held in Exposition Hall, the following reports of the Secretary
and Treasurer were accepted and ordered filed :

secretary'.s report for year ending august 1, 1903.
The following subdivision by States represents the glass insured by the
1,187 members of the Florists' Hail Association ; also the amount of losses in
the various States for the year from August 1, 1902, to August 1, 1903 :

■2
IS „-

"mm

a

auble thick
glass.

Extra
one-half
ngle thick

glass.

Extra
one-half
uble thick

glass.

■3-3

i t* bjo

nount paid
or losses
m Aug. 1st
02, to Aug.
1st, 1903.

1/3

Q «

•a

ws

W-§

< |s

Arkansas

13,765

7,700

2,965

1,400

Colorado

271,186

237,381 60,211

11,056

92,020

175,900

$75.04-

Connecticut

7,540

76,841

43,986

5,355

Delaware

38,498

13,986 270

608

4,200

Georgia

2,736

3,360

Illinois

233,539 1

,670,158 74,910 :

187,544

55,652

276,673

126.86

Indiana

221,420

501,280 26,180

65,960

31,810

139,836

165.54

Indian Territory

2,000

2,000

Iowa

292,069

528,644 50,267 :

174,314

101,646

141,420

1,478.46

Kansas

226,572

123,173 31,137

16,480

125,050

76,562

235.88

Kentucky

93,090

101,521 1,500

46,466

17,425

412.55

Louisiana

6,150

3,150

Maine

7,470

21,021

Maryland

110,945

82,807 5,860

8,900

20,750

6.26

Massachusetts

44,090

128,464

15,000

Michigan

62,848

199,022

8,782

49,650

10.54

Minnesota

103,148

544,165 8,760

1,830

7,695

280,167

127.90

Missouri

507,042

703,377 59,965

21,831

272,851

515,170

1,336.21

Montana

81,670

3.460

54.00

Nebraska

255,299

58,477 60,688

2,100

77,471

12,006

53.12

New Hampshire

1,500

18,150 600

18,400

New Jersey

44,509

906,733

208,901

23,870

New Mexico

1,030

20,234

13,734

1,030

64.20

North Carolina

8,680

North Dakota

7,425

5,385

1,492

7,426

2,475

New York

165,842

653,745 9,462

11,810

13,500

57,610

Ohio

541,529

1,173,285 53,946

54,298

96,890

282,163

397.14

Oklahoma Ter.

3,845

15,595 1,080

1,265

15,595

Pennsylvania

430,660

1,668,169 24,738

121,182

48,914

587,849

6.54

Rhode Island

400

19,035 400

985

9,950

South Carolina

8,000

8,800

South Dakota

7,765

11,240 1,200

8.075

1,400

Tennessee

6,680

6,680

Texas

32.323

25,821

8,911

10,403

Virginia

40,200

31,302

18,782

17.55

West Virginia

28,480

6,050

7,000

6,050

35.70

Wisconsin

115,577

187,192 21,734

5,390

9,107

5,160

19.85

Wyoming

3,000

Dist. of Columb

ia 1,317

6,671 400

3,888

•Canada

5,506

7,168

4,026,665 9,678,092 483,308 975,789 1,036,575 2,746,501 $4,623.34

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 171

The foregoing is equivalent to 18,217,381 square feet of glass insured. The
amount paid for losses during the jear is below the average, but at the time of
making this report upwards of forty losses are in various stages of adjustment.
These losses will require at least $5,000 of the reported emergency fund to
liquidate them.

The receipts for the year ending August 1, 1903, have been : From thir-
teenth assessment, $10,678.86 ; from new business, as per Treasurer's report,
$2,685.48 ; from interest on investment, $550.62 ; from reinsurance of glass
broken by hail, $72.27; from repayment of loan, $2,000.00; from Tri-State B.
and L. Association, $2,200.00. Total receipts for the year, $18,187.23.

The expenditures for the year are $4,623.34 for losses, $1,741.93 for
expenses, $5,177.50 for account of reserve fund. Total, $11,542.77. The cash
balance on hand at the close of the year is $12,761.26, of which $742.01 belongs
to the reserve fund, leaving $12,019.25 available for use in the emergency fund.
To this should be added $4,000 which has been invested upon call, making a
total of $16,019.25 on hand for the payment of losses.

The reserve fund now consists of $10,400.00, invested, as per Treasurer's
report, and $742.01 cash in hand, making the total reserve fund on hand August
1, 1903, $11,142.0].

Fifty-nine thousand seven hundred and forty-eight square feet of single
and 18,290 square feet of double-thick glass have been broken by hail and paid
for by this association during the past year.

Since the organization of the Florists' Hail Association, on June 1, 1887,
€80 losses have been paid, involving an expenditure of $58,000,

The following table may prove interesting to the student of statistics :

rtj;ooo SS^"^ rti_S. S>>3

STATES. o S - " OT3 „- "

^ o

I- 2 B " ° -g 5f '

tuS

00<U3 OSUg t^C^ O'rt-S

California 1 .. 1

Maine 3

Vermont 3

New Hampshire 7 1

Rhode Island 3

Con necticut 10 1 1

Massachusetts 10

New York 80 11 3

New Jersey 54 9 2

Pennsylvania 65 30 6 1

Delaware .• 3 1 1

Ohio ..62 47 8 4

Indiana .27 17 8 7

Illinois 74 55 5 3

Michigan 17 6 3 1

Wisconsin 27 29 1 2

Minnesota 30 32 2 1

Iowa 64 79 12 16

93

5

13

!)9

9

15

58

3

3

46

3

1

1

5

3

1

1

1

1

3

fi

1

1

2

2

1

4

1

1

1

1

9

3

5

1 72 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Missouri .... . 55

Kansas 65

Nebraska . .44

Arkansas • • • . • • . • 2

Colorado 36

North Dakota 6

South Dakota 11

Montana 2

W^ oming 3

Maryland. . 11

Virginia 5

West Virginia 12

North Carolina 5

Kentucky 13

Georgia 3

Texas 11 6

Louisiana 2

Tennessee ; 2 1

Florida 1

Mississippi . 1

Oklahoma Territory 9 7

Indian Territory 1

District of Columbia . 4

Canada 4 4

New Mexico 2 3 .. 1

South Carolina 1 . . 1

The constantly improving financial condition of this association is a mon-
ument to the wisdom of the originators of the plan of hail insurance. Besides
a reserve fund of $11,142.01, a handsome balance will remain in the emergency
fund after the payment of all unadjusted losses.

The careful management of the aftairs of the Florists' Hail Association
by its officers and directors deserves the commendation of those who have
entrusted their money to the hands of these officials- for disbursement and
investment.

JOHN G. ESLER, Secretary.

A letter from Wm. F. Dreer was read, stating that he was vinable to attend
meetings and asking that some one who could be more active be elected in his
stead.

The following Directors were then unanimously elected : Joseph Heacock,
Stephen D. Horan and Fred Dorner, Jr., after which the following amendments
to the by-laws were unanimously adopted, they having been previously recom-
mended by the Directors.

The words "five days," in Section 1 of Article 7, to be amended to read
"twenty-five days," and words " ten days" in same Section and Article, to be
amended, to read, " sixty days."

Also a section of Article 7 to be designated Section 4, as follows : "A failure
to file proof of loss with Secretary within sixty days from date of loss, shall
release the Association from all liabilitv."

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FI.ORISTS. 173

At a subsequent meeting of the Board of Directors the following officers
were elected for the ensuing year : J. C. Vaughan, President; E. G. Hill, Vice-
President; John G. Esler, Secretary, and Albert M. Herr, Treasurer. The four-
teenth assessment was ordered to be levied March 1, 1904.

JOHN G. ESLER, Secretary.

treasurer's report for year ending august 1st, 1903.

RECEIPTS.

Received from Thirteenth Assessment $10,078.86

Received from Membership Fee 1,048.86

Received from New Assessments 601.22

Received from Additional Assessments G16.67

Received from Extra One-half • • • - 95.41

Received from Extra Whole 324.32

Received from Re-insurance 72.27

Interest from Orville B. & L. (Call Loan) • 187.12

Interest from Tri-State B. & L 65.00

Interest from Certificates of Deposits 136 00

Interest from Government Bonds 15.00

Interest from Chicago School Bonds 20.00

Interest from Orville Twp. Bonds 50.00

Interest from Milwaukee Bonds ■ . . . . 87.50

Tri-State B. & L 2,200.00

Orville B. & L 2,000.00

Total • $18,187.23

DISBURSEMENTS.

For Losses $4,623.34

For Expenses 6.919.43

Total $11,542.77

DISBURSEMENTS ON ACCOUNT OF LOANS.

Aug. 11. Dewitt Trimble & Co , Milwaukee Bonds for Reserve Fund $2,058.75

Dec. 19. Dewitt Trimble & Co., Milwaukee Bonds for Reserve Fund 3,118.75

Total $5,177.50

RECEIPTS LOANS PAID.

Trl-State Bldg. and Loan Asso. Reserve Fund $2,200.00

Orville Bldg. and Loan Asso. Call Loan, Emergency Fund 2.000.00

Total $4,200.00

174 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

RESERVE FUND INVESTMENTS.

Certificates of Deposit with the Lancaster Trust Co $3,400.00

Chicago School Bond 500.00

United States Government Bond 500.00

Orville Township Bonds (two) 1,000.00

City of Milwaukee Bonds (five) 5,000.00

Total $10,400.00

EMERGENCY FUND INVESTMENT.

Call Loan to the Orville Building and Loan Association $4,000.00

Total Investments $14,400.00

RECAPITULATION.

To balance on hand August 1, 1902 $0,116.80

To total receipts for year ending August 1, 1903 18,187.23

Total $24,304.03

By losses paid for year ending August 1, 1903 $4,623.34

By expenses and investments 3,919.43

By balance 12,761.26

$24,304.03
Albert M. Herr, Treasurer,

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 175'

AMERICAN CARNATION SOCIETY.

A meeting of the Board of Directors was held on Wednesday
evening, August 19, immediately after the adjournment of the Society
of American Florists.

The preliminary premium list was ratified and instructions given
to the Secretary to adopt same rules and scale of points for regular
premium list as has been in force for the past two years.

Several new premiums were added and a request made that all
growers of a white sport from Lawson send at least six blooms to the
next exhibition of the Society, for comparison, in order that a duplica-
tion of the same variety under separate names may be avoided.

Papers will be written by W. N. Rvidd on the management of
exhibitions, by W. Scott on the exhibition of novelties in carnations
on the same lines as adopted by the Chrysanthemum Society, by
Craig on the maintenance of health and vigor in carnations.

The treasurer was salaried in consideration of his increased work
and the meeting adjourned.

ALBERT M. HERR, Secretary.

PRESENTATIONS.

In addition to the presentations mentioned in the foregoing
proceedings, two other happy affairs reinain to be recorded.

At an informal gathering of the bowling enthusiasts and their
friends, in the Hotel Pfister on Thursday evening, Mr. and Mrs.
Phil Hauswirth were presented with a silver tea-set by the Phila-
delphia delegation in recognition of Mr. Plauswirth's efficiency and
unremitting kindness in the management of the bowling tournament.
The Hitchings cup which now finally became the property of the
Philadelphia Florists' Club was filled for the occasion under the
personal supervision of Mr. John Westcott.

Superintendent F. H. Holton of the Trade exhibition was held
up on Thursday noon by a committee representing the exhibitors, who
presented him with a diamond pin in recognition of his faithful and
courteous services in their department.

176 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

LIFE MEMBERS.

Anderson, William F., Waltham, Mass.

Ball, Charles D., Holmesburg, Pa.

Baumer, Aug. R., 644 Fourth avenue, Louisville, Kj.

Bajer, George, 2556 Fulton street, Toledo, Ohio.

Beatty, H. B., Pittsburg, Pa.

Bertermann, John, 241 Massachusetts avenue, Indianapolis, Ind.

Bissett, Peter, Twin Oaks, Washington, D.C.

Burki, Frederick, Bellevue, Allegheny Co., Pa.

Burton, Alfred, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.

Burton, George, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.

Burton, John, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.

Busch, Fred, Ljndale avenue and 50th street, south, Minneapolis, Minn.

Butterworth, J. T., South Framingham, Mass.

Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Cook, H. A., Shrewsbury, Mass.

Craig, Robert, 49th and Market streets, Philadelphia. Pa.

Daggett, W. A., 431 Medford street, Charlestown, Mass.

Deake, J. W. C, Asheville, N.C.

Deake, Mrs. J. B., 824 Charlotte street, Asheville, N.C.

Dean, David A., Freeport, N.Y.

Dean, James, F>eeport, N.Y.

Dillon, J. L., Bloomsburg, Pa.

Esler, John G., Saddle River, N.J.

Ewell, Warren, 381 Wayland street, Roxbury, Mass.

Fahrenwold, Adolph, Roslyn, P.O., Hillside, Pa.

Fancourt, George E., Wilkesbarre, Pa.

Farquhar, James F. M., 6 and 7 South Market street, Boston, Mass.

Farquhar, J. K. M. L., 6 and 7 South Market street, Boston, Mass.

Fuller, J., Leominster, Mass.

Galvin, Thomas F., 124 Tremont street, Boston, Mass.

Graham, Adam, 2849 Euclid avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.

Gude, Adolphus, 1224 F street, Washington, D.C.

Gude, William F., 1224 F street, Washington, D.C.

Hammond, Benjamin, Fishkill, N.Y.

Harris, W. K. Jr., 55th street and Springfield avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.

Harris, W. K. Sr., 55th street and Springfield avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 177

Hartshorne, James, Joliet, 111.

Herrington, A., Madison, N.J.

Houghton, F. H., Hotel Berkeley, Boston, Mass.

Imlaj, John D., Zanesvllle, O.

Kasting, W. F., 481 Washington street, Buffalo, N.Y.

Kellogg, George M., Pleasant Hill, Mo.

Kretschmar, H. G., 237 Lincoln Road, Flatbush, N.Y.

Kretschmar, J. F., 237 Lincoln Road, Flatbush, N.Y.

Kunzman, C. H., 3710 High street, Louisville, Kj.

Langjahr, A. H., 19 Boerum Place, Brooklyn, N.Y.

Leuly, E, West Hoboken, N.J.

Loveless, Alfred J., Box 45, Lenox, Mass.

Luffman, Miss Amy K., Birmingham, Ala.

Mathison, Fred. R., Waltham, Mass.

May, J. N., Summit, N.J.

Montgomery, Alexander, Natick, Mass.

Murdock, A. M., 510 Smithfield street, Pittsburg, Pa.

Newbold, Frederic R., Poughkeepsie, N.Y.

O'Mara, P., Grand street, Jersey City, N.J.

Pennock, J. L., 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Rackham, George A., 880 Vandyke avenue, Detroit. Mich.

Roehrs, Julius, Rutherford, N.J.

Schellhorn, Christian, Washington, D.C.

Siebrecht, H. A., New^ Rochelle, N.Y.

Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria, Long Island City, N.Y.

Smith, Elmer D., Adrian, Mich.

Smith, W. R., Botanic Garden, Washington, D.C.

Stevk^art, William J., 79 Milk street, Boston, Mass.

Taylor, F. W., World's Fair, St. Louis, Mo.

Thieman, H., Lock Box 5, Manchester-by-the-Sea, Mass.

Thorne, Samuel, 43 Cedar street. New York.

Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park, St. Louis, Mo.

Walker, H. G., 644 4th avenue, Louisville, Ky.

Ward, C. W., Queens, N.Y.

Welch, P., 15 Province street, Boston, Mass.

Welch, E. J., 15 Province street, Boston, Mass.

Williams, Frederick H., Waltham, Mass.

Witterstaetter. Richard, Sedamsville, O.

Zweifel. Nic, 14th street and Groeling avenue, Milwaukee, Wis.

178 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS AND
ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURISTS

OFFICERS FOR 1903

President
JOHN BURTON, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia

Vice-President

C. C. POLLWORTH, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Secretary

WILLIAM J. STEWART, Boston, Massachusetts

Treasurer

H. B. BEATTY, Oil City, Pennsylvania

Directors
For One Year
Alex. Wallace . . . New York, N. Y.
Emil Buettner ... Park Ridge, 111.
R. Witterstaetter . . Sedainsville, O.

For Two Years For Three Years

F. R. Mathison, Waltham, Mass. George C. Watson, Phila., Pa.

Robert Halliday, Baltimore, Md. R. F. Tesson, St. Louis, Mo.

FOR 1904

President

Philip Breitmeyer, Detroit, Michigan

I^ice-Preside7it

J. J. BENEKE, St. Louis, Missouri

Secretary

WILLIAM J. STEWART, Boston, Mass.

Treasurer
H. B. BEATTY, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania

Directors
For One Year For Two Years

F. R. Mathison, Waltham, Mass. George C. Watson, Phila.,- Pa.

Robert Halliday, Baltimore, Md. R. F. Tesson, St. Louis, Mo.

For Three Years
Two members to be appointed by the President-elect, January 1, 1904.

Entomologist, Prof. L. O. Howard, Department of Agriculture, Washing-
ton, D. C.
Botattist, . . Dr. N. L. Britton, Botanical Garden, New York. N. Y.
Pathologist, Prof. A. F. Woods, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
Chairman of Legislative Co7nmittee . . . . J N. May, Summit, N. J.

Chairman of Committee on Sports . . .P.J. Hauswirth, Chicago, 111.

Superintendent of Trade Exhibition . . . F. H. Holton, Milwaukee, Wis.

Sergeant-at-Arms ...... Robert Kift, Philadelphia, Pa.

Plant Registration Department iti Charge of Secretary

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 179

PAST PRESIDENTS OF THE SOCIETY OF
AMERICAN FLORISTS

John Thorpe, 1885-1886 Edwin Lonsdale, 1895

Robert Craig, 1887 William Scott, 1896

E. G. Hill, 1888 Adam Graham, 1897

J. N. May, 1889 " W. F. Gude, 1898

* J. M. Jordan, 1890 W. N. Rudd, 1899

M. H. Norton, 1891 *E. M, Wood, 1900

James Dean, 1892 Patrick O'Mara, 1901

William R. Smith, 1893 John Burton, 1902-1903

*J. T. Anthony, 1894

* Deceased.

STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS NOMINATED
FOR 1904

Alabama, Miss Amy K. Luffman, Birmingham.

California, H. H. Lilienthal, San FranciNCo.

Colorado, J. A. Valentine, Denver.

Connecticut, Theodore Wirth, Hartford.

District of Columbia, George C. Shaffer, Washington.

Florida, W.J. Ellsworth, Jessamine.

Georgia, Charles E. Critchell, Atlanta.

Illinois, P.J. Hauswirth, Chicago, and J. F. Ammann, Edwardsville.

Indiana, Herman H. Junge, Indianapolis.

Iowa, W. B. Perry, Cresco.

Kansas, A. H. Whitcomb, Lawrence.

Kentucky, S. M. Harbison, Danville.

Louisiana, H. Papworth, New Orleans.

Maine, H. R. Mitchell, Waterville.

Maryland, J. J. Perry, Baltimore.

Massachusetts, L. B. Brague, Hinsdale, and L. H. Foster, Dorchester.

Michigan, W. C. Cook, Kalamazoo, and G. F. Crabb, Grand Rapids.

Minnesota, O. A. Will, Minneapolis.

Missouri, Geo. M. Kellogg and C. A. Juengel.

Nebraska, Lewis Herderson, Omaha.

New Hampshire, E. R. Shaw, Nashua.

New Jersey, W. B. DuRie, Rahway.

New York, Benjamin Hammond, Fishkill, and C. H. Keitsch, Buffalo.

North Carolina, James M. Lamb, Fayetteville.

Ohio, E. George, Painesville, and H. M Altick, Dayton.

Pennsylvania, John Westcott, Philadelphia, and Gustav Ludwig, Allegheny.

Rhode Island, R. W. Greene, Warwick.

South Carolina, Martin Stork, Columbia.

Tennessee, C. H. Heme, Memphis.

Virginia, H. Brown, Richmond.

Wisconsin, F. P. Dilger, Milwaukee.

Canada, F. C. Miller, Bracondale.

180 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

ANNUAL MEMBERS FOR 1903

Abbott, John, Hinsdale, Mass.

Adelberger, Frank, Wayne, Pa.

Adels, William F., Jr., 315 North Grand avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Allen, C. H., Floral Park, N. Y.

Allen, R. W., Hudson, N. Y.

Allison, R. G., Davenport, la.

Altick, H. M., 1123 North Main street, Dajton, O.

Amerpohl, Edward, Janesville, Wis.

Amling, Albert F., 32-36 Randolph street, Chicago, 111.

Amling, E. C, 36 Randolph street, Chicago,?Ill.

Ammann, J. F., Edwardsville, 111.

Anderson, George, 5230 Woodland avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.

Armitage, Charles, 233 Mercer street. New York, N. Y.

Arthur, G. S., Biltmore, N. C.

Aschmann, Godfrey, 1012 Ontario street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Asmus, George, 897 Madison avenue, Chicago, 111.

Asmus, Rudolph, New Durham, N. J.

Avery, F. P., Tunkhannock, Pa.

Bahr, Fritz, Highland Park, Chicago, 111.

Baird, O. L., Dixon, 111.

Baker, Phebe A., 42 North Orange street. Media, Pa.

Baker, W. J., 1430 South Pennsylvania square, Philadelphia, Pa.

Baldwin, B.J., Paris, Tex.

Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Philadelphia, Pa.

Bailer, F. A., Bloomington, 111.

Balluff, Charles M., 335;Wabash avenue, Chicago,[Ill.

Balsley, Harry, Detroit, Mich.

Banner, J. L., Montezuma, N.C.

Barbe, A., 15th and Lawndale streets, Kansas City, Mo.

Barker, Michael, 324 Dearborn street, Chicago, 111.

Barnett, Richard, Woonsocket, R.I.

Barry, William C, Rochester, N.Y.

Bartels, F. C, Lake avenue, Cleveland, O.

Bartels, H., 1178 Teutonia street, Milwaukee, Wis.

Bartholme, Gustav, Manlius street, Syracuse, N Y.

Bassett, O. P., Hinsdale, 111.

Bather, John R., Clinton, la.

Battles, H. H., 108 South 12th street, Philadelphia, Pa.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 181

Bauer, Fred C, Govanstown, Md.

Bauer, Otto, Washington, D.C.

Baum, F. P., 52 Kingslej street, Buffalo, N.Y.

Beard, F. H., 1248 West Fort street, Detroit, Mich.

Beam, David, Bala P.O., Philadelphia, Pa.

Beaulieu, Henri, Walker and Belmont avenues, Woodhaven, N.Y.

Becker, Jacob, 52nd and Market street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Beckert, Theodore F., Glenfield, Pa.

Bellows, Charles A., Adamsdale, Mass.

Bender, George J., Lew^isburg, Pa.

Beneke, J. J., 1222 Olive street, St. Louis, Mo.

Bennett, John, Blue Point, L.I., N.Y.

Benson, A. C, Hinsdale, 111.

Benson, N. A., 1360 South Sherman street, Denver, Col.

Benthej, F. F., New Castle, Ind.

Berckmans, L. A., Augusta, Ga.

Berning, H. G., 1322 Pine street, St. Louis, Mo.

Berno, Ed., 181 Hedges street, Mansfield, O.

Berry, Frank, Stillwater, Minn.

Bertermann, Irvin C, Indianapolis, Ind.

Bester, William, 205 South Potomac street, Hagerstown, Md.

Betscher, C, Canal Dover, O.

Beyer, Carl, 3619 South Grand avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Beyer, Robert, 3619 South Grand avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Biggs, Mrs. F. Norton, Crown Point, Ind.

Billingsley, William, Indianapolis, Ind.

Bindloss T. Palmer, 227 Montauk avenue, New London, Conn.

Bissenger, J. A., Lansing, Mich.

Blackistone, Z. D , Uth and H streets, N. W., Washington, D.C.

Blackman, William, Evansville, Ind.

Blick, Lloyd G., 51 Granby street, Norfolk, Va.

Blind, George D., West View, Pittsburg, Pa.

Blind, H. L., West View, Pittsburg, Pa.

Boddington, A. T., 812 Greenwich street, New York, N. Y.

Boehringer, Albert G., Bay City, Mich.

Boettger, R. E., Egertsville, N.Y.

Bottomley, Robert, Biltmore, N.C.

Bottomley, Robert, Jr., Biltmore, N.C.

Brague, L. B., Hinsdale, Mass.

Braik, James, 1203 Ehnwood avenue, Buffalo, N.Y.

Brainard, D. William, Pease street, Thompsonville, Conn.

Breed, E. W., Clinton, Mass.

Breitmeyer, Philip, Miami and Gratiot avenues, Detroit, Mich.

Briscoe, J. A., 1002 South Union avenue, Detroit, Mich.

Brown, C.C., Springfield, 111.

182 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Brown, E. C, Rochester, N.Y.

Brown, E. E., Asheville, N C.

Brown, H., 5 West Broad street, Richmond, Va.

Brown, Harry B., Lynchburg, Va.

Brown, Otway, 1001 Washington street. Cape May, N.J.

Brown, R. S., Box 99, Kansas City, Mo.

Brown, T. F., Greenfield, Mich.

Bruns, H. N., 1409 Madison street, Chicago, III.

Buckbee, H. W., Rockford, 111.

Buettner, Emil, Park Ridge, 111.

Bullock, Mrs. E. M., Elkhart, Ind.

Bunyard, Harry A., 812 Greenwich street. New York, N. Y.

Burger, Fred. G., 1128 and 1130 Greenniount avenue, Baltimore, Md.

Burgevin, David, Kingston, N. Y.

Burgevin; George, Pearl street, Kingston, N.Y.

Burland, F. G., Watsonville, Santa Cruz County, Cal.

Burnham, William A., Irvington, N. Y.

Burns, Alexander S., Woodside, N. Y.

Burpee, W. Atlee, 5th and Willow streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

Bush, Ernest J., Charlotte, N.C.

Butz, George C, State College, Centre County, Pa.

Byrnes, Peter S., Wickford, R.I.

Caldwell, G. W., Evergreen, Ala.

Campbell, Edward, Ardmore, Pa.

Campiehe, G., Asheville, N. C.

Canning, J. B., 234 Smith street. Providence, R. I.

Carey, J. E., Mt. Clemens, Mich.

Carlquist, Sigurd W., Shadow Brook, Lenox, Mass.

Carmody, J. D., Evansville, Ind.

Carpenter, A. D., Cohoes, N. Y.

Cascaden, James B., Manayunk, Pa.

Chase, Benjamin, Derry, N. H.

Chase, Charles S., Elm street, Dighton, Mass.

Champion, J. N., New Haven, Conn.

Chopin, P. A., 8th and Magazine streets. New Orleans, La.

Christiany, John, Sheldon, la.

Clapp, E. B., 169 Boston street. South Boston, Mass,

Clack, Sidney, Menlo Park, Cal.

Clark, John, Botanic Garden, Washington, D. C.

Clarke, William, 318 East Platte avenue, Colorado Springs, Col.

Clucas, R. W., 812 Greenwich street. New York, N. Y.

Coatsworth, L., 41 Randolph street, Chicago, 111.

Coddington, L. B., Murray Hill, N. J.

Coe, A. M., North Olmsted, O.

Coe, Ernest F., Elm City Nursery Co., New Haven, Conn.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 183

Cohn, Engeleman, Manistee, Mich.

Colemon, Waters, Grass Valley, Cal.

Collins, Thomas, Hinsdale, Mass.

Conant, Henry T., 133>^ Essex street, Salem, Mass.

Connell, Benjamin, West Grove, Pa.

Connor, D. T., 588 Elmwopd avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.

Cook, John, 318 North Charles street, Baltimore, Md.

Cook, W. C, Kalamazoo, Mich.

Cook, M., 143 Baronne street, New Orleans, La.

Connon, J. M., St. Louis, Mo.

Corbett, L. C, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Cotter, Lawrence, Danville, Pa.

Co wee, Arthur, Berlin, N. Y.

Cowee, W. J., Berlin, N. Y.

Cowell, J. F., Botanic Garden, Buffalo, N. Y.

Coventry, M. J., Fort Scott, Kan.

Crabb, George F., 509 Madison avenue. Grand Rapids, Mich.

Craig, George, 211 South 11th street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Craig, W. P., 49th and Market streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

Craw, Lyman B., 1133 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

Creed, James, 20 Swift street. Auburn, N. Y.

Critchell, C. E., Atlanta, Ga.

Croom, J. F., Magnolia, N. C.

Crowe, Peter, Utica, N. Y.

Crump, Frank F., 509 East Columbia street, Colorado Springs, Col.

Cunningham, Joseph H., 825 West Williams street, Delaware, O.

Cushman, E. H., Sylvania, O.

Currie, William, 108 Wisconsin street, Milwaukee, Wis.

Dailledouze, Eugene, Clarkson street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dailledouze, Henry, Clarkson street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dailledouze, Paul, Clarkson street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dallas, A., 32 Union street, Waterbury, Conn.

Davis, Joseph B., Wildmont, Orange, N. J.

Davis, W. S., Box 2, Purcellville, Va.

Deamud, J. B., 61 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.

Dean, Mark, 75 Pearl street, Boston, Mass.

Degnan, John, care E. F. Winterson Co., 45-47 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.

De La Mare, A. T., Rhinelander Bldg., New York, N. Y.

Derthick, C. B , Main street, Ionia, Mich.

Demeusy, A., Clarkson street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Devoy, Peter T., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Dickinson, C. M., West Taylor and The River, Chicago, 111.

Dickinson, George E., 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

Dilger, F. P., 418 Prior avenue, Milwaukee, Wis.

Dilger, William, Detroit, Mich.

184 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Dirwanger, Albert, Portland, Me.

Dirwanger, Joseph A., Portland, Me.

Donald, William, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y.

Donaldson, John, Elmhurst, Long Island, N. Y.

Dorner, Fred, Lafayette, Ind.

Dorner, F. E., Lafayette, Ind.

Dorner, Theodore A., Lafayette, Ind.

Dorvel, Victor S., Jr., Woodside, N. Y.

Drawiel, C. F., 433 Fifth avenue, South Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dreer, William F., 714 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Duggan, T. W., Brampton, Ont.

Dunlop, John, Wauwatosa, Wis.

Dunlop, John H., 644 Lansdown avenue, Toronto, Can.

Dunn, John, Detroit, Mich.

Durfee, Benjamin, Washington, D. C.

Du Rie, W. B., Rahway, N. J.

Eadie, James, 297 Erie street, Cleveland, O.

Edgar, William W., Waverlj', Mass.

Edlefsen, William, 349 3rd street, Milwaukee, Wis.

Eichholz, Henry, Waynesboro, Pa.

Eisele, C, 11th and Jefferson streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

Eisele, J. D., Riverton, N.J.

Elder, Andrew, Irvington, N.Y.

EUinger, Edward, 49th and Walnut streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

Elliott, W. H., Brighton, Mass.

Ellis, F. M., 1316 Pine street, St. Louis, Mo.

Enders, Edw., Chicago, 111.

Ellsworth, W. J., Jessamine, Fla.

Ernest, William H., 28th and M streets, N. E., Washington, D.C.

Ernst, Otto F., Est. G. Geduldig, Norwich, Conn.

Esch. Albert F., 197 Center Market, Washington, D.C.

Eschner, B., Care M. Rice & Co., 918 Filbert street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Evans, J. A , Richmond, Ind.

Ewalclt, Theo., Davenport, la.

Falck, William, care Pennock Bros., 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa

Falconer, William, Allegheny Cemetery, Pittsburg, Pa.

Fancourt, E. J., 1612-1618 Ludlow street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Fengar, E. W., 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

Ferguson, Andrew, Detroit, Mich.

Fetters, E. A., Cleveland, O.

Fiehe, Auton, Tampa Bay Hotel, Tampa, Fla.

Fillmore, F. J., Nebraska avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

FitzSimmons, C. S., 302-310 Kalamazoo street East, Lansing, Mich.

Flemer, William, Springfield, N. J.

Flitton, N. F., Clifton Park. Baltimore, Md.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 185

Florey, James, Medina, N. Y.

Foley, Philip J., 471 West 22d street, Chicago, 111.

Follwell, Frederick S., Pittsfield, Mass.

Forbes, James, Portland, Ore.

Ford, C. S., 15th and Callowhill streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

Forester, Joseph, 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.

Foster, Lucius H., 45 King street, Dorchester, Mass.

Fotheringham, John R., Tarrjtown, N. Y.

Freeman, J. R., Washington, D. C.

Frey, Alois, lyincoln Park, Chicago, 111.

Frejtag, William, 832 Forest Home avenue, Milwaukee, Wis.

Fruck, Henry C, care Berry Bros., Detroit, Mich.

Frueh, Charles, 1116 Hoyt street, Saginaw, Mich.

Fry, L. L., P. O. Box 421, Le Roy, 111.

Fulmer, J. T. D., 910 Des Moines street, Des Moines, la.

Furrow, J. W., Guthrie, Okla.

Gaedeke, Aug., Nashua, N.H.

Gardner, Richard, Carroll avenue, Newport, R.I.

Garland, George M., Desplaines, 111.

Gasser, J. M., 101 Euclid avenue, Cleveland, O.

Gauges, Philip, Botanic Garden, Washington, D.C.

Gause, G. R., Richmond, Ind.

Geiger, Henry C, 335 North 6th street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Gentemann, C. F. W., G^incy, 111.

George, Robert, Painesville, O.

George, E. B., Painesville, O.

George, T. B., Cincinnati, O.

Gerhardt, H. P., 27 Waterloo court, Chicago, 111.

Gesner, Albert, Nora, 111.

Gibbons, Alfred E., Box 515, Miairri, Fla.

Gibbons, H. W., Box 515, Miami, Fla.

Gibson, William R., 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Gillett, E. G., 113 East 3rd street, Cincinnati, O.

Gindra, David, Poughkeepsie, N.Y.

Gipner, John, Niles, Mich.

Glaser, A. L., Windsor avenue, Dubuque, la.

Glauber, Emil, Montclair, Col.

Glennie, George H., 3.551 Park avenue, Minneapolis, Minn.

Goetz, John B., 2165 Mackinaw street. West Side, Saginaw, Mich.

Gonter, W. A., Battle Creek, Mich.

Good, J. M., Springfield, O.

Gould, J. H., Middleport, N.Y.

Graham, C. J., 2849 Euclid avenue, Cleveland, O.

Graham, George L., 57 Seward avenue, Bradford, Pa.

Grant, Frank, Idle Hour Nurseries, Macon, Ga.

186 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Grant, G. L., 334 Dearborn street, Chicago, 111.

Grause, G. A., Saginaw, Mich.

Grave, Vernon D., Richmond, Ind.

Greene, W., Des Moines, la.

Gregory, Benjamin, 1339 Humboldt avenue, Milwaukee, Wis.

Grey, Thomas J., 32 South Market street, Boston, Mass.

Griffin, Arthur, Ledge Road, Newport, R.I.

Griffin, James S. Jr., Philadelphia, Fa.

Griffing, W. D., Jacksonville, Fla.

Groff, H. H., Simcoe, Ont., Canada.

Grohmann, E. A., East Side, Saginaw, Mich.

Guenther, Charles T., Hamburg, N.Y.

Guillaume, Mrs. A., 4th and Main streets, La Crosse, Wis.

Guttman, A. J., 50 West 29th street, New York, N.Y.

Guy, E. W., Belleville, 111.

Hadkinson, J. H., 6139 Gambleton place, St. Louis, Mo.

Haentze, E., Fond du Lac, Wis.

Hagemann, William, 55 Dey street, New York, N. Y.

Hagenburger, C, Hart street, Mentor, O.

Hagenburger, P., Hart street. Mentor, O.

Hahman, F., Harrowgate lane, Frankford, Philadelphia, Pa.

Hahn, Gottlob, Embla Park, Baltimore, Md.

Hall, Edward P., Shelby ville, Ky.

Hall, Thomas.H.,' 3910 Lyndale avenue South, Minneapolis, Minn.

Hall, W. E., Clyde, O.

Hall, Walter S,, Osage, la.

Halliday, Robert, 11 East Baltimore street, Baltimore, Md.

Halslead, A. S., Belleville, III.

Hammond; W. A., Richmond, Va.

Hampton, M. L., Orchard Park, N. Y.

Hansen, Christian, 904 Dale street, St. Paul, Minn.

Harbison, S. M., Danville, Ky.

Harkett, W. A., Dubuque, la.

Harper, William Warner, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.

Harris, Ernest, Delanson, N. Y.

Harry, Winfield S., Conshohocken, Pa.

Hart, Benno L., 1270 Detroit street, Cleveland, O.

Hart, H. A., 1262-1272 Detroit street, Cleveland, O.

Hatch, A. L., Rockledge, Fla.

Hatcher, George S., Amsterdam, N. Y.

Hatcher, John C, Amsterdam, N. Y.

Hauswirth, P. J., 232 Michigan avenue, Chicago, 111.

Hey, Albert T., Springfield, 111.

Hey, Arthur, Springfield, 111.

Heacock, Joseph, Wyncote, Pa.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 187

Heinl, George A., 337 Summit street, Toledo, O.

Heiss, J. B., Dayton, O.

Heite, Charles E., Kansas City, Mo.

Hellenthal, John R., Columbus, O.

Hellenthal, J. J., 32 East Moler street, Columbus, O.

Helfrich, A , Burlington, Wis.

Heller, W. C, 36 Valley road, Montclair, N. J.

Henderson, Charles, 35-37 Cortlandt street. New York, N. Y.

Henderson, Lewis, 16th and Farnum streets, Omaha, Neb.

Herendeen, W. L., Geneva, N. Y.

Henshaw, Samuel, West New Brighton, N. Y.

Hentz, Henrj, Jr., Madison, N. J.

Herr, Albert M., P. O. Box 338, Lancaster, Pa.

Herrmann, A., 404-412 East 34th street. New York, N. Y.

Herzog, Max, 6957 Scanlon avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Hejne, G. A., Dubuque. la.

Hill, E. Gurney, Richmond, Ind.

Hinchliffe, T., 506 Wisconsin street, Racine, Wis.

Hippard, E , Youngstown, O.

Hitz, John, 1601 35th street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Hoeft, John, Park Ridge, 111.

Hoffmeister, August, 813 Elm street, Cincinnati, O.

Holding, M. G., 445 West 67th street, Chicago, 111.

Holton, Fred, 457 Milwaukee street, Milwaukee, Wis.

Holznagel, F., Highland Park, Detroit, Mich.

Hoopes, Josiah, Maple avenue. West Chester, Pa.

Horan, S. D., Bridgeport, Conn.

Horsburgh, J. M., Elizabeth, N. J.

Hostetter, Abraham, Manheim, Pa.

Hostetter, E. P., Manheim, Pa.

Howard, John C, R. Rt., 2, Station D, Milwaukee, Wis.

Howard, J. W., 330 Broadway, Somerville, Mass.

Hune, C. H., Memphis, Tenn.

Hunkel, H. V., 457 Milwaukee street, Milwaukee. Wis.

Hunnick, R., Newport, R. I.

Hunt, Charles, Box 258, Port Richmond, S. I., N. Y.

Hunt, F. G., Mt. Greenwood, 111.

Huss, J. F., 1103 Asylum avenue, Hartford, Conn.

Ingram, William A., Manchester, N.H.

Ives, J. H., Danbury, Conn.

Jackson, J. E., Gainesville, Ga.

Jacobs, George W., Canton, HI.

Jacobsen, J. Neil, Southport, Conn.

Jansen, Edw., 124 West 19th street, New York, N.Y.

Jensen, J. E., Care ]. D. Thompson Carnation Company, Joliet, 111.

188 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Jensen, John G., 1142 Broad street, Providence, R.I.

Jewett, A. J., Sparta, Wis.

Jewett, Miss Miriam, Sparta, Wis.

Johannsen, Charles, North Milwaukee, Wis.

Johnson, Charles W., Kishwaukee street, Rockford, 111.

Johnson, Mrs. Fred H., 45 Whitnej avenue, Olean, N.Y.

Johnson, George, 18 Earl street. Providence, R.I.

Johnstone, Robert, 2361 North 40th street, Chicago, 111.

Jones, S. Morris, West Grove, Pa.

Joosten, C. H., 201 West street. New York, N.Y.

Joseph, Miss Rosa, Pataskala, O.

Juengel, Charles A., 1837-1847 South 14th street, St. Louis, Mo.

Junge, H. H., Indianapolis, Ind.

Jurgens, August, 146 Herndon street, Chicago, 111.

Jurgens, Carl, Newport, R.I.

Kanst, E. A., South Park, Chicago, 111.

Katzenstein, Otto, P. O. Box 353, Atlanta, Ga.

Kaj, William H., 244 Fulton street. New York, N.Y.

Keitsch, Charles H., 270 Southampton street, Buffalo, N.Y.

Keck, E. C, Washington, la.

Kegg, Robert, 452 Gordon avenue, Cleveland, O.
Keller, George, 361-363 Herndon street, Chicago, 111.

Keller, J, M., 65th street and 5th avenue, Brooklyn, N.Y.

Kelly, J. C, Cleveland, O.

Kelsej", Harlan P., Beacon Building, Boston, Mass.

Kennedy, Isaac, Westpark, O.

Kennedy, W. A., C. C. Pollvvorth Company, Milwaukee, Wis.

Keplinger, J. H., Govanstown, Baltimore, Md-

Kift, Robert, 1721 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Kill, Leonard, Chicago, 111.

Kirstein, Ernest, Lenox, Mass.

Klehm, Charles, Arlington Heights, 111.

Klimmer, James F., Oak Park, 111.

Klokner, A., Wauwatosa, Wis.

Knapp, W. H., Newtonville, Mass.

Knecht, Frank J., Fort Wayne, Ind.

Koenig, Otto G., St. Louis, Mo.

Knopf, Albert, Columbus, O.

Kramer, F. H., Washington, D.C.

Kramer, J. A., Cedar Rapids, la.

Kreitling, Walter, 10 East Van Buren street, Chicago, 111.

Krick, W. C, 1287 Broadway, Brooklyn, N.Y.

Kromback, Charles, 181 25th street, Brooklyn, N.Y.

Krueger, August, Meadville, Pa.

Kuechenmeister, F., Carter avenue, Wichita, Kansas.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 189

Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine street, St. Louis, Mo.

Kuehne, Frank R., Box 383, Lake Geneva, Wis.

Kuhl, George A., Pekin, 111.

Kummer, Frank W., 420 King street, Charleston, S.C.

Kunz, Henry, Glenville, O.

Kurth, Robert C, Care Colfax Avenue Floral Company, Denver, Col.

Labo, J., Joliel, 111.

Lager, John E., Summit, N. J.

Laisle, Christ, Keokuk, la.

Lamb, James M., Fayetteville, N. C.

Lambert, Peter, 1912 Woodland avenue, Des Moines, la.

Lamborn, L. L., Alliance, O.

Lambros, John G., 95 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.

Lang, Theodore J., 39th street and 6th avenue, New York, N. Y.

Lange, A., 51 Munroe street, Chicago, 111.

Langhans, T. P., 504 Liberty street, Pittsburg, Pa.

Lanser, A. H., Wayne, Pa.

Larson, P. L., Fort Dodge, la.

Lehr, Henry M., Brooklyn, Md.

Loeffler, E. C, 3800 Brightwood avenue, Washington, D.C.

Le Moult, Adolph, 172 Bowery, New York, N, Y.

Lemke, August, East Grand Rapids, Mich.

Lenker, Charles, Freeport, Long Island, N. Y.

Leslie, M. F., 173 43d street, Pittsburg, Pa.

Lewis, Samuel, 36 Wadsworth avenue, Waltham, Mass.

Lilienthal, H. H., 510 Schraeder street, San Francisco, Cal.

Limbach, Casper, 1929 Carson street, S. S., Pittsburg, Pa.

Lind, Christian, Warsaw, Wis.

Lindsay, William M., Birmingham, Ala.

Linton, Mrs. M. O., Salisbury, N. C.

Loechner, Charles, 31 Barclay street. New York, N. Y.

Loeffler, Albert, Watertown, Wis.

Loew, William, 89 Pike street, Allegheny, Pa.

Long, D. B., Buffalo, N. Y.

Lonsdale, Edwin, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.

Lord, L. P., Owatonna, Minn.

Lorenz, George, Long Island City, N. Y.

Ludwig, Edward, Augusta, Ga.

Ludwig, E. C, Allegheny, Pa.

Ludwig, Gustav, 208 Allegheny Market, Allegheny, Pa.

Ludwig, J. W.. Allegheny, Pa.

Lundberg, Ernest, Shadow Brook, Lenox, Mass.

MacRorie, D., South Orange, N.J.

Madsen, William, Govanstown, Md.

190 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Maguire, M. B., 21 Keep street, Madison, N. J.

Manda, Joseph A., South Orange, N. J.

Manda, W. A., South Orange, N. J.

Manker, Frank, Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Manning, J. W. Jr., 1150 Tremont Building, Boston, Mass.

Mansfield, Thomas, Lockport, N. Y.

Mansfield, William H., Lockport, N. Y.

Marc, C. J., Woodside, N. Y.

Mass, George H., Woodstock, Vt.

Matthews, W. G., Dayton, O.

Mauff, A. E., 513 Clayton street, Denver, Col.

Maule, William H., 1711 Filbert street, Philadelphia, Pa.

May, Harry O., Summit, N.J.

Maynard, C. H., Box 164, Allen, Mich.

Maynard, Mrs. C. H., Box 164, Allen, Mich.

McCallum, Neil, Wilmerding, Pa.

McClure, George W., 832 West Delaware avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.

McConnell, Alex., 546 5th avenue, New York, N. Y.

McCullough, Albert, 316 Walnut street, Cincinnati, O.

McCullough, J. Charles, 2nd and Walnut streets, Cincinnati, O.

McDonald, John, Farmer City, 111.

McKellar, C. W., 45-49 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.

McMahon, Frank, Seabright, N. J.

McSweeney, F. J., Pomona, N. C.

Meehan, S. Mendelson, Germantown, Pa.

Meehan, Thomas B., Germantown, Pa.

Meinhardt, Fred H., 7041 Florissant avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Mellis, D. Y., 299 Grant street. Brooklyn, N. Y.

Merkel, John, Mentor, O.

Meyers, Felix H., Care R. Craig & Son, 49th and Market streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

Michel, E. H., Magnolia and Tower Grove avenues, St. Louis, Mo.

Michell, H. F., 1018 Market street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Miller, A. L., Station E., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Miller, F. C, Bracondale, Ont.

Miller, George L., 12 East Park place, Newark, O.

Miller, Theodore, 4832 Delmar boulevard, St. Louis, Mo.

Millman, F. X., Green Street Station, Cumberland, Md.

Mills, C. D., Jacksonville, Fla.

Mitchell, H. R., Waterville, Me.

Mohr, R. J., 1220 Olive street, St. Louis, Mo.

Molloy, William F., Wellesley, Mass.

Monfall, Thomas, Glen Burnie, Md.

Montgomery, Alexander, Jr., Natick, Mass.

Montgomery, Robert, Natick, Mass.

Moon, S. C, Morrisville, Pa.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 191

Moon, W. H., Morrisville, Pa.

Moore, Frank L., Chatham, N. J.

Moore, S. H., 1054 Chapel street, New Haven, Conn.

Morris, Bernard, Maplewood avenue, Portsmouth, N. H.

Morris, Henrj, 216 East Genesee street, Syracuse, N. Y.

Morse, William Henry, Santa Barbara, Cal.

Mosbaek, Ludwig, 8500 Anthony avenue, Chicago, 111.

Moseley, Edw. A., Sun Building, Washington, D. C.

Moss, C. A., Spartanburg, S. C.

Moss, George M., Philadelphia, Pa.

Moss, I. H., Govanstown, Md.

Mott, Walter, Jamestown, N. Y.

Mueller, Charles P., Wichita, Kan.

Murdock, H. L , West Gardner, Mass.

Murphy, C. C, Station F., Cincinnati, O.

Murphy, William, Station F., Cincinnati, O.

Murray, Samuel, 1017 Broadway, Kansas City, Mo.

Myers, Hiram, Wellington, Kan.

Nagel, E., 818 Nicollet avenue, Minneapolis, Minn.

Nanz, C. G., Owensboro, Ky.

Nanz, Henry, 584 4th avenue, Louisville, Ky.

Nash, S. C, Clifton, Passaic County, N. J-

Naumann, G. M., Doane street, Cleveland, O.

Nelson, Victor, 169 Main street, N. S., Oshkosh, Wis.

Newbury, E. C, Mitchell, S. D.

Newell, Arthur, 24 West 12th street, Kansas City, Mo.

Newman, J. R., Winchester, Mass.

Newton, E. J., Norfolk, Va.

Nicholson, William, Framingham, Mass.

Nielson, Hans J., Woodfords, Me.

Niessen, Leo, 13th and Filbert streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

Nilsson, William, Woodlawn, N. Y.

Norton, M. H., 61 Massachusetts avenue, Boston, Mass.

Nugent, John B., Jr., 42 West 28th street. New York, N. Y.

Obermej'er, Gustav, Parkersburg, W. Wa.

O'Brien, M. I., Sharon, Pa.

Oelschig, A. C, Savannah, Ga.

O'Mara, D., 782 Grand street, Jersey City, N. J.

0'Q.uinn, J. L., Polk and Swain streets, Raleigh, N. C.

Ostermier, Leopold, New Rochelle, N. Y.

Pack, Mrs. G. W., Asheville, N. C.

Palinsky, W. L., 6G Palmer street, Chicago, 111.

Palmer, W. J., 304 Main street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Papworth, H., New Orleans, La.

Parker, George A., Keney Park, Hartford, Conn.

192 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Parsons, Samuel B., Flushing, N. Y.

Pastor, George, Huntington, Ind.

Paterson, Robert, Portsmouth, N. H.

Patten, Marcellus A., Tewksburj, Mass.

Patterson, G. H., 415 Calvary street,' Baltimore, Md.

Patterson, Thomas H., 278 Old York road, Baltimore, Md.

Patthey, H. L., 2622 Clinton avenue, Minneapolis, Minn.

Pattison, Thomas J., Campbell avenue. West Haven, Conn.

Paul, Oglesby, 220 South 4th street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Peck, Frank J., 1707 Broadway, Toledo, O.

Peck, S. N., Toledo, O.

Pennock, S. S., 1612-1618 Ludlow^street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic street, Cleveland, O.

Perkins, G. C, Newark, N. Y.

Perry, John J., Gay and Eager streets, Baltimore. Md.

Perry, W. B., Cresco, la.

Peterson, Andrew, Paxton, 111.

Peterson, Arthur, Escanaba, Mich.

Peterson, J. A., McHenry avenue, Westwood, Cincinnati, O.

Peterson, Peter, 164 La Salle street, Chicago. 111.

Peterson, William A., Lincoln and Peterson avenues, Chicago, 111.

Pettigrew, J. A., Park Department, Franklin Park, Boston, Mass.

Petzke, Ernest A., Hixton, Wis.

Phelps, H. L., Springfield, 111.

Phillips, J. v., 272 Fulton street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Pierce, L. B., Talmadge, O.

Pierson, Lincoln, West Side avenue, Jersey City, N. J.

Pierson, F. R., Tarry town, N. Y.

Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough, N. Y.

Pierson, Wallace R., Cromwell, Conn.

Pike, Mrs. Charles W., Marlow, Baldwin County, Ala.

Piorkovski, F. R., White Plains, N. Y.

Plath, Hans, 510 Wyoming street, San Francisco, Cal.

Piatt, Frank S., 376 State street. New Haven, Conn.

Plumb, William, Madison, N. J.

Poehlmann, John, 35 Randolph street, Chicago, 111.

Polites, Frank, 13th and Chestnut streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

PoUworth, C. C, Box 75, Milwaukee, Wis.

Ponnet, C, Alexandria, Va.

Ponting, Fred, Box 53, Glenville, O.

Powell, I. L., Millbrook, N. Y.

Pratt, D. O., Anoka, Minn.

Price, Thaddeus, Rose Hill Greenhouse, Columbia, S. C.

Rawson, G. P., Elmira, N. Y.

Raynor, John I., 49 West 28th street, New York, N. Y.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 193

Rea, Charles H., Norwood, Mass.

Rea, Frederic J., Norwood, Mass.

Reasoner, E. N., Oneco, Fla.

Rehder, William, Wilmington, N. C.

Rehn, W., 806 Canal street, New Orleans, La.

Reid, Edw., 1526 Ranstead street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Reimels, John, Woodhaven., L. I., N. Y.

Reinberg, Peter, 61 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.

Reineman, E. C, 305 Lowry street, Allegheny, Pa.

Reish, Karl, 352 William street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Rennie, William S., Stockbridge, Mass.

Rennison, J. C, Sioux City, la.

Retzer, Walter, 2045 Clarendon avenue, Chicago, 111.

Reupke, Albert H., P. O. Box 170, Lake Geneva, Wis.

Renter, L. J., Westerly, R. I.

Reuter, S. J., Westerly, R. I.

Reutschler, Fred, Madison, Wis.

Reynolds, George, Grosse Pointe Farms, Detroit, Mich.

Rhotest, Aug., 26 Barclay street. New York, N. Y.

Richmond, M., Halliday Bros., Baltimore, Md.

Rieger, Christian, 16 Fourth avenue, Pittsburg, Pa.

Rieman, H. W., East and Main streets, Indianapolis, Ind.

Riley, P., Flatbush avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Ringier, A., Woodlawn Point, Chicago, 111.

Ritter, Herman H., 435 West North avenue, Dayton, O.

Robertson, William, Care J. W. Pepper, jenkintown, Pa.

Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville, Ky.

Rockwell, W. C, Bradford, Pa.

Rodgers, J. W., Station F., Cincinnati. O.

Roehrs, Julius, Jr., Rutherford, N. J.

Roehrs, Theo., 511 East 176th street. New York, N. Y.

Roethke, Carl L., 333 Washington street, Saginaw, Mich.

Roethke, Otto T., 333 Washington street, Saginaw, Mich.

Rohrer, H. D., Lancaster, Pa.

Roland, Thomas, Nahant, Mass.

Rolker, Joseph E., 31 Barclay street, New York, N. Y.

Rolker, Winfried, 31 Barclay street. New York, N. Y.

Roney, C. H., Jamestown, N. Y.

Rowden, George H., Wallingford, Conn.

Rudd, W. N., Mt. Greenwood, 111.

Rupp, N. J., 297-307 Hawthorne avenue, Chicago, 111.

Rust, David, Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia, Pa.

Sackett, E. R., Fostoria, O.

Samtman, George, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.

Samuelson, C. A., 2129 Michigan avenue, Chicago, 111.

194 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Sanders, C. C, 5600 Delmar avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Sanders, Edgar, 1639 Belmont avenue, Chicago, 111.

Sandiford, Robert, Mansfield, O.

Santheson, Carl J., Braintree, Mass.

Schloss, Emil, 533 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

Schluraff, Vern L., Erie, Pa.

Schmeiske, H. C, Warehouse Point, Conn.

Schmeling, Fred, Milwaukee, Wis.

Schmidt, C. W., Springfield, O.

Schmidt, William, 432 Main street, Johnstown, Pa.

Schmitt, A., Glenville, O.

Schmutz, L., Clarkson street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Schnabel, A. M., 871 Elton avenue. New York, N. Y.

Schneider, A. H., Oak Park, 111.

Schoenfeld, Herman, 133 South 17th street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Schoenhut, Charles, 352 Williams street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Schray, Emil, 4101 Penna. avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Schray, William, 4101 Penna. avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Schueneman, August, Oconomowoc, Wis.

Schultheis, A., College Point, N. Y.

Schulz, Charles, Menominee, Mien.

Schulz, Jacob, 644 4th avenue, Louisville, Ky.

Schulz, Johann C. O., West Nyack, N. Y.

Schwab, Henry, 730 Adair street, Zanesville, O.

Schweiman, Henry C, Danvers, 111.

Schweinfurth, F. C, Bronxville, N. Y.

Scott, A. B., Sharon Hill, Delaware County, Pa.

Scott, C. W., 84 Randolph street, Chicago, 111.

Scott, David J., 546 Balcom street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Scott, George R., 86 Randolph street, Chicago, 111.

Scott, Philip, care Park Floral Co., Denver, Col.

Scott, William, 646 Balcom street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Scott, W. B., Balcom street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Seele, H. D., Elkhart, Ind.

Seidewitz, E. A., 36 West Lexington street, Baltimore, Md.

Seybold, Charles L., Patterson Park, Baltimore, Md.

Sexton, S. B., 21 North Washington square, New York, N. Y.

Shaffer, George C-, 14th and I streets, Washington, D. C.

Shanley, James, 216 West 25th street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Shaw, Charles F., Bedford street. North Abington, Mass.

Shaw, E. R., Nashua, N. H.

Shaw, J. Austin, 2688 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

Shellem, John A., 17th and Tasker streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

Sheridan, W. F., 39 West 28th street. New York, N. Y.

Shilling, Howard M., Shillington, Berks County, Pa.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 195

Sibson, J. F., Germantown, Pa.

Siebenheller, Wm. H., P. O. Box 36, Port Richmond, N. Y.

Siebert, Charles T., Stanton avenue, Station B, Pittsburg, Pa.

Siebrecht, H. A., Jr., New Rochelle, N. Y.

Sim, Charles, Rosemont, Pa.

Simon, Charles, Jr., Wilmington, Del.

Simpson, Robert, Clifton, N. J.

Sinner, John, Rogers Park, Chicago, 111.

Skidelsky, S. S., 708 North 16th street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Small, Dan E., Box 303, Kokomo, Ind.

Smely, Joseph M., 353 South 4th street, Aurora, 111.

Smith, A. W., Boggs avenue, Pittsburg, Pa.

Smith, F. C, Ashland, Wis.

Smith, George W., Cleveland, O.

Smith, Henry G., Grosse Point Farms, Detroit, Mich.

Smith, Harry J., Maple street, Hinsdale, Mass.

Smith, Henrj', Grand Rapids, Mich.

Smith, James. F., Philadelphia, Pa.

Smith, Joseph F., 62 Main street, Norwich, Conn.

Smyth, W. J., 270 31st street, Chicago, 111.

Spiedel, Otto, Oconomowoc, Wis.

Spinger, W. J., New Hampton, la.

Stache, Herman C, 649 Second street, Manchester, N. H.

Staeps, Herman, Elm Grove, Wis.

Stafford, Mrs. L. H., Marquette, Mich.

Stankowicz, Leonard J., Niles, Cook County, 111.

Starkey, Benjamin, 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Steidle, J., Central, Mo.

Steffens, Emil, 335 East 21st street. New York, N. Y,

Steinhoff, Herman C, West Hoboken, N.J.

Steinmetz, H., Raleigh, N. C.

Stoehr, R. C, Fruit Tree Label Co., Dayton, O.

Stollery, Fred, 2054 Southport avenue, Chicago, 111.

Stollery, George, 2054 Southport avenue, Chicago, 111.

Stork, Martin, Rose Hill Greenhouses, Columbia, S. C.

Stratford, R. C, 811 North street, Pittsfield, Mass.

Strohlein, George A., Riverton, N. J.

Strong, O. H., Oil City, Pa.

Struck, George F., Summit, N.J.

Studer, N., Anacostia, D. C.

Stuebe, William H., Watertown, Wis.

Suder, Mrs. E., 323 Adams street, Toledo, O.

Sullivan, J. F., 220 Woodward avenue, Detroit, Mich.

Sullivan, Norman, 214 Woodward avenue, Detroit, Mich.

Sunderbruch, Albert, 437 Main street, Cincinnati, O.

196 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETHEENTH CONVENTION

Suzuki, B., 31 Barclay street, New York, N. Y.

Swanson, A. S., 117 Endicott arcade, St. Paul, Minn.

Swenson, Gustav, Elmhurst, 111.

Swoboda, George H., 5807 North 24th street, Omaha, Neb.

Sjkes, George, 1133 Broadway, New York, N. Y.

Sjmonds, W. T., Decorah, La.

Taepke, Gus H., 450 Elmwood avenue, Detroit, Mich.

Taplin, Stephen, 930 Fort street, Detroit, Mich.

Taplin, W. H., Holmesburg, Pa.

Taylor, James, Mt. Clemens, Mich.

Temple, J. T., Davenport, la.

Thaden, Herman, Atlanta, Ga.

Then, Anton, 820 Larrabee street, Chicago, 111.

Thielmann, John M., 890 Broadway, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Thompson, George H., Lenox, Mass.

Thompson, Hartley, Westmoreland, N. Y.

Thompson, J. D., Joliet, 111.

Thorne, A. L., Flushing, N. Y.

Tong, Herbert, Ashtabula, O.

Toole, William, Baraboo, Wis.

Traendly, Frank, 38 West 28th street, New York, N. Y.

Traendly, George H., Rowayton, Conn.

Trudo, J. Burbidge, Alderbend, Clinton County, N. Y.

Turner, Lewis, Kenosha, Wis.

Turnley, C. William, Haddonfield, N. J.

Turtle, Thomas, Highland Park, 111.

Ullrich, Lewis, Tiffin, O.

Valdejo, E., State and Hurst streets, New Orleans, La.

Valentine, J. A., Denver, Col.

Van Herff, B., 99 Nassau street. New York, N. Y.

Van Lindley, J., Pomona, N. C.

Van Waveren, C. S., 883 North 50th street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Vatter, George, Marinette, Wis.

Vaughan, J. C, 84-86 Randolph street, Chicago, 111.

Vaughan, L. H., 86 Randolph street, Chicago, 111.

Vesey, W. J., Fort Wayne, Ind.

Vincent, R. A., White Marsh, Md.

Vincent, R. Jr., White Marsh, Md.

Virgin, Uriah J., 838 Canal street, New Orleans, La.

Wagner, A. G., Savannah, Ga.

Waldbart, Alexander, 3542 Lawton avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Waldbart, George, 516 North Grand avenue, St. Louis, Mo.

Wallace, Alex., Rhinelander Building, New York, N. Y.

Wallace, S., 864 Delaware avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.

Walsh, M. H., Woods Hole, Mass.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 197

Warburton, C, 81 New Boston road, Fall River, Mass.

Warnke, Ludwig, 696 Woodland avenue, Cleveland, O.

Warrant, F. W., 14 Birch crescent, Rochester, N. Y.

Warren, James R., Harcourt, Victoria, Australia.

Washburn, C. L., 78 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.

Washburn, Edwin A., Bloomington, 111.

Washburn, Frank L., Bloomington, 111.

Washburn, George A., Bloomington, 111.

Watson, Miss Callie, Memphis, Tenn.

Watson, George C, Walnut and Locust streets, Philadelphia, Pa.

Watson, Robert, 368 Townsend avenue, Detroit, Mich.

Webber, William, Balcom street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Webber, F. C, 4326 Olive street, St. Louis, Mo.

Weber, William, Oakland, Md.

Weeber, C. G., 33 Buckingham road, Flatbush, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Welch, David, 15 Province street, Boston, Mass.

Welch. Philip B., 274 Old York road, Baltimore, Md.

Weiland, George, 602 Davis street, Evanston, 111.

Weiman, Max, 64th street and 12th avenue, Brooklj'n, N. Y.

Wetherbee, M. H., Charles City, la.

Weir, Fred, Senator street and 5th avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Weir, John R., 324 Fulton street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Welsing, Adolph, 245 Waverly avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Westcott, John, Ridge and Lehigh avenues, Philadelphia, Pa.

Westcott, William H., Ridge and Lehigh avenues, Philadelphia, Pa.

Whelan, F. A., Mt. Vernon, Va.

Whilldin, J. G., 713 Wharton street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Whitcomb, A. H., Lawrence, Kan.

White, Miss F. D., Lexington, Ky.

White, John, Pittsfield, Mass.

Whiting, A., Farmington avenue, Hartford, Conn.

Whitnall, C. B., 1184 Humboldt avenue, Milwaukee, Wis.

Whilted, Miss H. B., 409 Nicollet avenue, Minneapolis Minn

Wiegand, A., 7th and Illinois streets, Indianapolis, Ind.

Wiegand, George B., Indianapolis, Ind.

Wienhoeber, E., 417 Elm street, Chicago, 111.

Wienhoeber, George W., 417 Elm street, Chicago, 111.

Wietor, Henry, 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.

Wietor, N. J., 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.

Wilcox, J. F., Council Bluffs, la.

Wilcox, Ray, Council Bluffs, la.

Will, O. A., 2405 19th avenue North, Minneapolis, Minn.

Willius, John, Danville, 111.

Wilson, Amanda, Montgomery, Ala.

Wilson, James S., Western Springs, 111.

198 PROCEEDINGS OF -NINETEENTH CONVENTION

Wincott, William, Babylon, N. Y.

Windier, G. B., 4059 Delore avenue. St. Louis, Mo.

Windmiller, Miss Pauline, 101 Rhine street, Mankato, Minn.

Winterson, E. F., 45 Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111.

Wintzer, A., West Grove, Pa.

Wirth, Theodore, Superintendent Park Department, Hartford, Conn.

Wissels, Miss G. M., Aiken, S. C.

Wittbold, George, 1657 Buckingham place, Chicago, 111.

Wolf, John, Otto and Anderson streets. Savannah, Ga.

Wolfenden, Thomas T., 264 North Lansdowne avenue, Lansdowne, Pa.

Wolff, J., Jr., 1617 North 9th street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Wood, Hugh, 2204 State street, Chicago, 111.

Wood, John F., Providence, R. I.

Wookej, H. P.. Stockbridge, Mass.

Worden, E., 19 Thayer street, Jamestown, N. Y.

Wunder, John, Winona, Minn.

Yates, Walter N., Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa.

York, A. M., Hancock, Mich.

York, H. G., Westerly, R. I.

Young, John, 51 West 28th street. New York, N. Y.

Young, John, 1406 Olive street, St. Louis, Mo.

Young, Henry, Ada, O.

Zeller, Alfred, Lefferts street, Flatbush, Brooklyn. N. Y.

Zimmerman. C D., 50 West Chippewa street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Zvolanek, Ant. C, Grand View, Somerset County, N.J.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 199

LIST OF MEMBERS BY STATES

ALABAMA

Miss Amy K. Luffman, Birmingham, Vice-President.

Caldwell, G. W., Evergreen.

Lindsay, William M., Birmingham.

Luffman, Miss Amy K., Birmingham.

Pike, Mrs. Charles W., Marlow, Baldwin County.

Wilson, Amanda, Montgomery.

CALIFORNIA
H. H. LiLiENTHAL, San Francisco, Vice-President.

Burland, F. G., Watsonville, Santa Cruz County.

Clack, Sidney, Menlo Park.

Colemon, Waters, Grass Valley.

Lilienthal, H. H., 510 Schraeder street, San Francisco.

Morse, William Henry, Santa Barbara.

Plath, Hans, 510 Wyoming street, San Francisco.

COLORADO

J. A. Valentine, Denver, Vice-President.

Benson, N. A., 1360 South Sherman street, Denver.

Clarke, William, 318 East Platte avenue, Colorado Springs.

Crump, Frank F., 509 East Columbia street, Colorado Springs.

Glauber, Emil, Montclair.

Kurth, Robert C, Care Colfax Avenue Floral Company, Denver.

Mauff, A. E., 513 Clayton street, Denver.

Scott, Philip, care Park Floral Co., Denver.

Valentine, J. A., Denver.

CONNECTICUT
Theodore Wirth, Hartford, Vice-President.

Bindloss, T. Palmer, 227 Montauk avenue, New London.
Brainard, D. William, Pease street, Thompsonville.
Champion, J. N., New Haven.

Coe, Ernest F., Elm City Nursery Co., New Haven.
Dallas, A., 32 Union street, Waterburv.

200 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

CONNECTICUT — Continued
Ernst, Otto F., Est. G. Geduldig, Norwich.
Horan, S. D., Bridgeport.
Huss, J. F., llOii Asylum avenue, Hartford.
Ives, J. H., Danburj.
Jacobsen, J. Neil, Southport.
Moore, S. H., 1054 Chapel street, New Haven.
Parker, George A., Keney Park, Hartford.
Pattison, Thomas J., Campbell avenue, West Haven.
Pierson, Wallace R., Cromwell.
Piatt, Frank S., 376 State street. New Haven.
Rowden, George H., Wallingford.
Schmeiske, H. C, Warehouse Point.
Smith, Joseph F., 62 Main street, Norwich.
Traendh', George H., Rowayton.
Whiting, A., Farmington avenue. Hartford.
Wirth, Theodore, Superintendent Park Department, Hartford.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
George C. Shaffer, Washington, Vice-President.

Bauer, Otto, Washington.

Bissett, Peter, Twin Oaks, Washington.

Blackistone, Z. D , 14th and H streets, N. W., Washington.

Clark, John, Botanic Garden, Washington.

Corbett, L. C, Department of Agriculture, Washington.

Durfee, Benjamin, Washington.

Ernest, William H., 28th and M streets, N. E., Washington.

Esch, Albert F., 197 Center Market, Washington.

Freeman, J. R., Washington.

Gauges, Philip, Botanic Garden, Washington.

Gude, Adolphus, 1224 F street, Washington.

Gude, William F., 1224 F street, Washington.

Hitz, John, 1601 35th street, N. W., Washington.

Kramer, F. H., Washington.

Loeffler, E. C, 3800 Brightwood avenue, Washington.

Moseley, Edw. A., Sun Building, Washington.

Schellhorn, Christian, Washington.

Shaffer, George C, 14th and I streets, Washington.

Smith, W. R., Botanic Garden, Washington.

Studer, N., Aanacostia.

DELAWARE

Simon, Charles, Jr., Wilmington.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 201

FLORIDA

W. J. Ellsworth, Jessamine, Vice-President.

Ellsworth, W. J., Jessamine.

Fiehe, Auton, Tampa Baj Hotel, Tampa.

Gibbons, Alfred E., Box 515, Miami.

Gibbons, H. W., Box 515, Miami.

Griffing, W. D., Jacksonville.

Hatch, A. L., Rockledge.

Mills, C. D., Jacksonville.

Reasoner, E. N., Oneco.

GEORGIA
Charles E. Critchell, Atlanta, Vice-President.

Berckmans, L. A., Augusta.

Critchell, C. E., Atlanta.

Grant, Frank, Idle Hour Nurseries, Macon.

Jackson, J. E., Gainesville.

Katzenstein, Otto, P. O. Box 353, Atlanta.

Ludwig, Edward, Augusta.

Oelschig, A. C, Savannah.

Thaden, Herman, Atlanta.

Wagner, A. G., Savannah.

Wolf, John, Otto and Anderson streets. Savannah.

ILLINOIS
P. ]. Hauswirth, Chicago; J. F. Ammann, Edwardsville, Vice-Presidents^

Amling, Albert F., 32-36 Randolph street, Chicago.

Amling, E. C, 36 Randolph street, Chicago.

Ammann, J. F., Edwardsville.

Asmus, George, 897 Madison avenue, Chicago.

Bahr, Fritz, Highland Park, Chicago.

Baird, O. L., Dixon.

Bailer, F. A., Bloomington.

Balluff, Charles M., 335 Wabash avenue, Chicago.

Barker, Michael, 324 Dearborn street, Chicago.

Bassett, O. P., Hinsdale.

Benson, A. C, Hinsdale.

Brown, C.C., Springfield.

Bruns, H. N., 1409 Madison street, Chicago.

Buckbee, H. W., Rockford.

Buettner, Emil, Park Ridge.

Coatsworth, L., 41 Randolph street, Chicago.

Deamud, J. B., 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago.

202 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

ILI.INOIS— CofUhnted.
Degnan, John, care E. F. Winterson Co., 45-47 Wabash avenue, Chicago
Dickinson, C. M., West Taylor and The River, Chicago.
Enders, Edw., Chicago.

Foley, Philip J., 471 West 22d street, Chicago.
Forester, Joseph, 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago.
Frey, Alois, Lincoln Park, Chicago.
Fry, L. L., P. O. Box 421, Le Roy.
Garland, George M., Desplaines.
Gentemann, C. F. W., Quincy.
Gerhardt, H. P., 27 Waterloo court, Chicago.
Gesner, Albert, Nora.

Grant, G. L., 334 Dearborn street, Chicago.
Guy, E. W., Belleville.
Halstead, A. S., Belleville.
Hartshorne, James, Joliet.
Hauswirth, P. J., 232 Michigan avenue, Chicago.

Hey, Albert T., Springfield.
Hey, Arthur, Springfield.

Hoeft, John, Park Ridge.

Holding, M. G., 445 West 67th street, Chicago.

Hunt, F. G., Mt. Greenwood.

Jacobs, George W., Canton.

Jensen, J. E., Care J. D. Thomppon Carnation Company, Joliet.

Johnson, Charles W., Kishwaukee street, Rockford.

Johnstone, Robert, 2861 North 40th street, Chicago.

Jurgens, August, 146 Herndon street, Chicago.

Kanst, E. A., South Park, Chicago.

Keller, George, 361-363 Herndon street, Chicago.

Kill, I.,eonard, Chicago.

Klehm, Charles, Arlington Heights.

Klimmer, James F., Oak Park.

Kreitling, Walter, 10 East Van Buren street, Chicago.

Kuhl, George A., Pekin.

Labo, J., Joliet.

Lambros, John G., 9'5 Wabash avenue, Chicago.

Lange, A., 51 Munroe street, Chicago.

McDonald, John, Farmer City.

McKellar, C. W., 45-49 Wabash avenue, Chicago.

Mosbaek, Ludwig, 8500 Anthony avenue, Chicago.

Palinsky, W. L., 66 Palmer street, Chicago.

Peterson, Andrew, Paxton.

Peterson, Peter, 164 La Salle street, Chicago.

Peterson, William A., Lincoln and Peterson avenues, Chicago

Phelps, H. L., Springfield.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 203

ILLINOIS — Continued.
Poehlmann, John, 35 Randolph street, Chicago.
Reinberg, Peter, 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago.
Retzer, Walter, 2045 Clarendon avenue, Chicago.
Ringier, A., Woodlawn Point, Chicago.
Rudd, W. N., Mt. Greenwood.

Rupp, N. J., 297-307 Hawthorne avenue, Chicago.
Samuelson, C. A., 2129 Michigan avenue, Chicago.
Sanders, Edgar, 1639 Bel;nont avenue, Chicago.
Schneider, A. H., Oak Park.
Schweiman, Henry C, Danvers.
Scott, C. W., 84 Randolph street, Chicago.
Scott, George R , «S6 Randolph street, Chicago.
Sinner, John, Rogers Park, Chicago.
Smelj', Joseph M., 353 South 4th street, Aurora.
Smjth, W. J., 270 31st street, Chicago.
Stankowicz, Leonard J., Niles, Cook County.
Stollery, Fred, 2064 Southport avenue, Chicago.
StoUery, George, 2054 Southport avenue, Chicago.
Swenson, Gustav, Elmhurst.
Then, Anton, .S20 Larrabee street, Chicago.
Thompson, J. D., Joliet.
Turtle, Thomas, Highland Park.
Vaughan, J. C, 84-86 Randolph street, Chicago.
Vaughan, L. H., 86 Randolph street, Chicago.
Washburn, C. L., 78 Wabash avenue, Chicago.
Washburn, Edwin A., Bloomington.
Washburn, Frank L., Bloomington.
Washburn, George A., Bloomington.
Weiland, George, 602 Davis street, Evanston.
Wienhoeber, E., 417 Elm street, Chicago.
Wienhoeber, George W., 417 Elm street, Chicago.
Wietor, Henry, 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago.
Wietor, N. T-i 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago.
Willius, John, Danville.
Wilson, James S., Western Springs.
Winterson, E. F., 45 Wabash avenue, Chicago.
Wittbold, George, 1657 Buckingham place, Chicago.
Wood, Hugh, 2204 State Street, Chicago.

INDIA]* A
Herman H. Junge, Indianapolis, Vice-President.
Benthey, F. F., New Castle.
Bertermann, Irvin C, Indianapolis.
Bertermann, John, 241 Massachusetts avenue, Indianapolis.

204 procp:edings of nineteenth convention

INDIANA — Continued.
Biggs, Mrs. F. Norton, Crown Point.
Billingsley, William, Indianapolis.
Blackman, William, Eransville.
Bullock, Mrs. E. M., Elkhart.
Carmodj, J. D., Evansville.
Dorner, Fred, Lafayette.
Dorner, F. E., Lafayette.
Dorner, Theodore A., Lafayette.
Evans, J. A., Richmond.
Gause, G. R., Richmond.
Grave, Vernon D., Richmond.
Hill, E. Gurney, Richmond.
Junge, H. H., Indianapolis.
Knecht, Frank J., Fort Wayne.
Pastor, George, Huntington.

Rieman, H. W., East and Main streets, Indianapolis.
Seele, H. D., Elkhart.
Small, Dan E., Box 303, Kokomo.
Vesey, W- J., Fort Wayne.

Wiegand, A., 7th and Illinois streets, Indianapolis.
Wiegand, George B., Indianapolis.

IOWA
W. B. Perry, Cresco, Vice-President.

Allison, R. G., Davenport.

Bather, John R., Clinton.

Christiany, John, Sheldon.

Ewaldt, Theo., Davenport.

Fulmer, J. T. D., 910 Des Moines street, Des Moines.

Glaser, A. L., Windsor avenue, Dubuque.

Greene, W., Des Moines.

Hall, Walter S., Osage.

Harkett, W. A., Dubuque.

Heyne, G. A., Dubuque.

Keck, E. C, Washington.

Kramer, J. A., Cedar Rapids.

Laisle, Christ, Keokuk.

Lambert, Peter, 1912 Woodland avenue, Des Moines.

Larson, P. L., Fort Dodge.

Perry, W. B., Cresco.

Rennison, J. C, Sioux City.

Spinger, W. J., New Hampton.

Synionds, W. T., Decorah.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 205

IOWA— Continued.

Temple, J. T., Davenport.
Wetherbee, M. H., Charles City.
Wilcox, J. F., Council Bluiis.
Wilcox, Ray, Council Bluffs.

KANSAS
A. H. Whitcomb, Lawrence, Vice-President.

Coventry, M. J., Fort Scott.
Kuechenmeister, F., Carter avenue, Wichita.
Mueller, Charles P., Wichita.
Myers, Hiram, Wellington.
Whitcomb, A. H., Lawrence.

KENTUCKY
S. M. Harbison, Danville, Vice-President.

Baumer, Aug. R., 644 Fourth avenue, Louisville.

Hall, Edward P., Shelbyville.

Harbison, S. M., Danville.

Kunzman, C. H., 3710 High street, Louisville.

Nanz, C. G., Owensboro.

Nanz, Henry, 584 4th avenue, Louisville.

Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville,

Schulz, Jacob, 644 4th avenue, Louisville.

"Walker, H. G., 644 4th avenue, Louisville.

White, Miss F. D., Lexington.

LOUISIANA
H. Papworth, New Orleans, Vice-President.

Chopin, P. A., 8th and Magazine streets, New Orleans.

Cook, M., 143 Baronne street, New Orleans.

Papworth, H., New Orleans.

Rehn, W., 806 Canal street, New Orleans.

Valdejo, E., State and Hurst streets, New Orleans.

Virgin, Uriah J., 838 Canal street. New Orleans.

MAINE
H. R. Mitchell, Waterville, Vice-President.

Dirwanger, Albert, Portland.
Dirwanger, Joseph A., Portland.
Mitchell, H. R., Waterville.
Nielson, Hans J., Woodfords.

206 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

MARYLAND

}. y. Perry, Baltimore, Vice-President.

Bauer, Fred C, Govanstown.

Bester, William, 205 South Potomac street, Hagerstown.

Burger, Fred. G., 1128 and 1130 Greenmount avenue, Baltimore.

Cook, John, 318 North Charles street, Baltimore.

Flitton, N. F., Clifton Park, Baltimore.

Hahn, Gottlob, Embla Park, Baltimore.

Hallidaj, Robert, 11 East Baltimore street, Baltimore.

Keplinger, J. H., Govanstown, Baltimore.

Lehr, Henry M., Brooklyn.

Madsen, William, Govanstown.

Millman, F. X., Green Street Station, Cumberland.

Monfall, Thomas, Glen Burnie.

Moss, I. H., Govanstown.

Patterson, G. H., 415 Calvary street, Baltimore.

Patterson, Thomas H., 278 Old York road, Baltimore.

Perry, John J., Gay and Eager streets, Baltimore.

Richmond, M., Halliday Bros., Baltimore.

Seidewitz, E. A., 36 West Lexington street, Baltimore.

Seybold, Charles L., Patterson Park, Baltimore.

Vincent, R. A., White Marsh.

Vincent, R., Jr., White Marsh.

Weber, William, Oakland.

Welch, Philip B., 274 Old York road, Baltimore.

MASSACHUSETTS

L. B. Brague, Hinsdale ; L. H. Foster, Dorchester, Vice-Presidents.

Abbott, John, Hinsdale.

Anderson, William F., Waltham.

Bellows, Charles A., Adamsdale.

Brague, L. B., Hinsdale.

Breed, E. W., Clinton.

Butterworth, J. T., South Framingham.

Carlquist, Sigurd W., Shadow Brook, Lenox. •

Chase, Charles S., Elm street, Dighton.

Clapp, E. B., 169 Boston street. South Boston..

Collins, Thomas, Hinsdale.

Conant, Henry T., 133^ Essex street, Salem.

Cook, H. A., Shrewsbury.

Daggett, W. A., 431 Medford street, Charlestown.

Dean, Mark, 75 Pearl street, Boston.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 207

MASSACHUSETTS— Cotitinued.
Edgar, William W., Waverly.
Elliott, W. H., Brighton.

Ewell, Warren, 381 Wayland street, Roxburj.
Farquhar, James F.M., 6 and 7 South Market street, Boston.
Farquhar, J. K. M. L., 6 and 7 South Market street, Boston.
FoUwell, Frederick S., Pittsfield.
Foster, Lucius H., 45 King street, Dorchester.
Fuller, J., Leominster.

Galvin, Thomas F., 124 Tremont street, Boston.
Grey, Thomas J., 32 South Market street, Boston.
Houghton, F. H., Hotel Berkeley, Boston.
Howard, J. W., 330 Broadway, Somerville.
Kelsey, Harlan P., Beacon Building, Boston.
Kirstein, Ernest, Lenox.
Knapp, W. H., Newtonville.

Lewis, Samuel, 36 Wadsworth avenue, Waltham.
Loveless, Alfred J., Box 45, Lenox.
Lundberg, Ernest, Shadow Brook, Lenox.
Manning, J. W., Jr., 1150 Tremont Building, Boston.
Mathison, Fred. R., Waltham.
Molloy, William F., Wellesley.
Montgomery, Alexander, Natick.
Montgomery, Alexander, Jr., Natick.
Montgomery, Robert, Natick.
Murdock, H. L., West Gardner.
Newman, J. R., Winchester.
Nicholson, William, Framingham.
Norton, M. H., 61 Massachusetts avenue, Boston.
Patten, Marcellus A., Tewksbury.

Pettigrew, J. A., Park Department, Franklin Park, Boston.
Rea, Charles IL, Norwood.
Rea, Frederic J., Norwood. ,

Rennie, William S., Stockbridge.
Roland, Thomas, Nahant.
Santheson, Carl J., Braintree.

Shaw, Charles F., Bedford street. North Abington. •

Smith, Harry J., Maple street, Hinsdale.
Stewart, William J,, 79 Milk street, Boston.
Stratford, R. C, 811 North street, Pittsfield.
Thieman, H., Lock Box 5, Manchester-by-the-Sea.
Thompson, George H., Lenox.
Walsh, M. H., Woods Hole.

Warburton, C, 81 New Boston road. Fall River.
Welch, David, 15 Province street, Boston.

208 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

MASSACHUSETTS — Continued.
Welch, E. J., 15 Province street, Boston.

Welch, P., 15 Province street, Boston. •"

White, John, Pittsfield.
Williams, Frederick H., Waltham.
Wookev, H. P., Stockbridge.

MICHIGAN
W. C. Cook, Kalamazoo; G. F. Crabb, Grand Rapids, Vice-Presidents
Balsley, Harry, Detroit.

Beard, F, H., 1248 West Fort street, Detroit.
Bissenger, J. A., Lansing.
Boehringer, Albert G., Bay City.

Breitmeyer, Philip, Miami and Gratiot avenues, Detroit.
Briscoe, J. A., 1002 South Union avenue, Detroit.
Brown, T. F., Greenfield.
Carey, J. E,, Mt. Clemens.
Cohn, Engeleman, Manistee.
Cook, W. C, Kalamazoo.

Crabb, George F., 509 Madison avenue. Grand Rapids.
Derthick, C. B , Main street, Ionia.
Dilger, William, Detroit.
Dunn, John, Detroit.
Ferguson, Andrew, Detroit.

FitzSimmons, C. S., 302-310 Kalamazoo street, East, Lansing.
Fruck, Henr}' C, care Berry Bros., Detroit.
Frueh, Charles, 1116 Hoyt street, Saginaw.
Gipner, John, Niles.

Goetz, John B., 2165 Mackinaw street. West Side, Saginaw.
Gonter, W. A., Battle Creek.
Grause, G. A., Saginaw.
Grohmann, E. A., East Side, Saginaw.
Holznagel, F., Highland Park, Detroit. ,

Lemke, August, East Grand Rapids.
Maynard, C. H., Box 164, Allen.
Maynard, Mrs. C. H., Box 164, Allen.
Peterson, Arthnr, Escanaba.

Rackham, George A., 880 Vandyke avenue, Detroit,
Reynolds, George, Grosse Pointe Farms, Detroit.
Roethke, Carl L., 333 Washington street, Saginaw.
Roethke, Otto T., 333 Washington street, Saginaw.
Schulz, Charles, Menominee.
Smith, Elmer D., Adrian.

Smith, Henry G., Grosse Point Farms, Detroit.
Smith, Henry, Grand Rapids.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 209

MIC HIG AN— Continued.
Stafford, Mrs. L. H., Marquette.
Sulliv.^n, J. F., 220 Woodward avenue, Detroit.
Sullivan, Norman, 214 Woodward avenue, Detroit.
Taepke, Gus H., 450 Elmwood avenue, Detroit.
Taplin, Stephen, 930 Fort street, Detroit.
Tajlor, James, Mt. Clemens.

Watson, Robert, 368 Townsend avenue, Detroit.
York, A. M., Hancock.

MINNESOTA
O. A. Will, Minneapolis, Vice-President.

Berry, Frank, Stillwater.

Busch, Fred, Ljndale avenue and 50th street, south, Minneapolis.

Glennie, George H., 3561 Park avenue, Minneapolis.

Hall, Thomas H., 3910 Ljndale avenue, south, Minneapolis.

Hansen, Christian, 904 Dale street, St. Paul.

Lord, L. P., Owatonna.

Nagel, E., 818 Nicollet avenue, Minneapolis.

Patthey, H. L., 2622 Clinton avenue, Minneapolis.

Pratt, D. O., Anoka.

Swanson, A. S., 117 Endicott arcade, St. Paul.

Whitted, Miss H. B., 409 Nicollet avenue, Minneapolis.

Will, O. A., 2405 19th avenue, north, Minneapolis.

Windmiller, Miss Pauline, 101 Rhine street, Mankato.

Wunder, John, Winona.

MISSOURI
George M. Kellogg, Pleasant Hill ; C. A. Juengel, St. Louis, Vice-Presidents.
Adels, William F., Jr., 315 North Grand avenue, St. Louis.
Barbe, A., 15th and Lawndale streets, Kansas City.
Beneke, J. J., 1222 Olive street, St. Louis.
Berning, H. G., 1322 Pine street, St. Louis.
Beyer, Carl, 3619 South Grand avenue, St. Louis.
Beyer, Robert, 3619 South Grand avenue, St. Louis.
Brown, R. S., Box 99, Kansas City.
Connon, J. M., St. Louis.
Ellis, F. M., 1316 Pine street, St. Louis.
Fillmore, F. J., Nebraska avenue, St. Louis.
Hadkinson, J. H., 6139 Gambleton place, St. Louis.
Heite, Charles E., Kansas City.
Herzog, Max, 6957 Scanlon avenue, St. Louis.
Juengel, Charles A., 1837-1847 South 14th street, St. Louis.
Kellogg, George M., Pleasant Hill.
Koenig, Otto G., St. Louis.
Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine street, St. Louis.

210 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

MISSOURI — Continued.
Meinhardt, Fred H., 7041 Florissant avenue, St. Louis.
Michel, E. H., Magnolia and Tower Grove avenues, St. Louis.
Miller, Theodore, 4832 Delmar boulevard, St. Louis.
Mohr, R. J., 1220 Olive street, St. Louis.
Murray, Samuel, 1017 Broadway, Kansas City.
Newell, Arthur, 24 West 12th street, Kansas City.
Sanders, C. C, 5600 Delmar avenue, St. Louis.
Schray, Emil, 4101 Penna avenue, St. Louis.
Schray, William, 4101 Penna avenue, St. Louis.
Steidle, J., Central.

Taylor, F. W., World's Fair, St. Louis.
Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park, St. Louis.
Waldbart, Alexander, 3542 Lawton avenue, St. Louis,
Waldbart, George, 516 North Grand avenue, St. Louis.
Webber, F. C, 4326 Olive street, St. Louis.
Windier, G. B., 4059 Delore avenue, St. Louis.
Young, John, 1406 Olive street, St. Louis.

NEBRASKA
Lewis Henderson, Omaha, Vice-President.
Henderson, Lewis, 16th and Farnum streets, Omaha.
Swoboda, George H., 5807 North 24th street, Omaha.

NEW HAMPSHIRE

E. R. Shaw, Nashua, 1 'ice-President.

Chase, Benjamin, Derry.

Gaedeke, Aug., Nashua.

Ingram, William A., Ma'nchester.

Morris, Bernard, Maplewood avenue, Portsmouth.

Paterson, Robert, Portsmouth.

Shaw, E. R., Nashua.

Stache, Herman C, C49 Second street, Manchester.

NEW JERSEY
W. B. DuRiE, Railway, Vice-President.

Asmus, Rudolph, New Durham.

Brown, Otway, 1001 Washington street, Cape May.

Coddington, L. B., Murray Hill.

Davis, Joseph B., Wildmont, Orange.

DuRie, W. B., Rah way.

Eisele, J. D., Riverton.

Esler, John G., Saddle River.

Flemer, William, Springfield.

Heller, W. C, 36 Valley road, Montclair.

Hentz, Henry, Jr., Madison.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 211

NEW JERSEY— 6V«//«//^a'.
Herrington, A., Madison.
Horsburgh, J. M., Elizabeth.
Lager, Joiin E., Summit.
Leuly, E., West Hoboken.
MacRorie, D., South Orange.
Maguire, M. B., 21 Keep. street, Madison.
Manda, Joseph A., South Orange.
Manda, W. A,, South Orange.
May, Harry O., Summit.
May, J. N., Summit.
McMahon, Frank, Seabright.
Moore, Frank L., Chatham.
Nash, S. C, Clifton, Passaic County.
O'Mara, D., 782 Grand street, Jersey City.
O'Mara, P., Grand street, Jersey City.
Pierson, Lincoln, West Side avenue, Jersej' City.
Plumb, William, Madison.
Roehrs, Julius, Rutherford.
Roehrs, Julius, Jr., Rutherford.
Simpson, Robert, Clifton.
Steinhoff, Herman C, West Hoboken.
Strohlein, George A., Riverton.
Struck, George F., Summit.
Turnley, C. William, Haddonfield.
Zvolanek, Ant. C, Grand View, Somerset County.

NEW YORK
Benjamix Hammond, Fishkill ; C. H. Keitsch, Buffalo, Vice-Presidents.

Allen, C. H., Floral Park.

Allen, R. W., Hudson.

Armitage, Charles, 233 Mercer street. New York.

Barry, William C, Rochester.

Bartholme, Gustav, Manlius street, Syracuse.

Baum, F. P., 52 Kingsley street, Buffalo.

Beaulieu, Henri, Walker and Belmont avenues, Woodhaven.

Bennett, John, Blue Point, L.I.

Boddington, A. T., 812 Greenwich street. New York.

Boettger, R. E., Egertsville.

Braik, James, 1203 Elmwood avenue, Buffalo .

Brown, E. C, Rochester.

Bunyard, Harry A., 812 Greenwich street. New York.

Burgevin, David, Kingston.

Burgevin, George, Pearl street, Kingston.

212 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

NEW YOKK—Contintied.

Burnham, William A., Irvington.

Burns, Alexander S., Woodside.

Carpenter, A. D., Cohoes.

Clucas, R. W., 812 Greenwich street, New York.

Co wee, Arthur, Berlin.

Cowee, W. J., Berlin.

Cowell, J. F., Botanic Garden, Buffalo.

Craw, Ljman B., 1133 Broadway, New York.

Creed, James, 20 Swift street, Auburn.

Crowe, Peter, Utica.

Dailledouze, Evigene, Clarkson street, Brooklyn.

Dailledouze, Henry, Clarkson street, Brooklyn.

Dailledouze, Paul, Clarkson street, Brooklyn.

Dean, David A., Freeport.

Dean, James, Freeport.

De La Mare, A. T., Rhinelander Bldg., New York.

Demeusy, A., Clarkson street, Brooklyn.

Devoy, Peter T., Poughkeepsie.

Dickinson, George E., 1 Broadway, New York.

Donald, William, Cold Spring Harbor.

Donaldson, John, Elmhurst, Long Island.

Dorvel, Victor S., Jr., Woodside.

Drawiel, C. F., 433 Fifth avenue, South Brooklyn.

Elder, Andrew, Irvington.

Fengar, E. W., 1 Broadway, New York.

Florey, James, Medina.

Fotheringham, John R., Tarrytown.

Gindra, David, Poughkeepsie.

Gould, J. H., Middleport.

Guenther, Charles T., Hamburg.

Guttman, A. J., 50 West 29th street. New York.

Hagemann, William, 55 Dey street, New York.

Hammond, Benjamin, Fishkill.

Hampton, M. L., Orchard Park.

Harris, Ernest, Delanson.

Hatcher, George S., Amsterdam.

Hatcher, John C, Amsterdam.

Henderson, Charles, 35-37 Cortlandt street. New York.

Henshaw, Samuel, West New Brighton.

Herendeen, W. L., Geneva.

Herrmann, A., 404-412 East 34th street. New York.

Hunt, Charles, Box 268, Port Richmond, S. I.

Jansen, Edw., 124 West 19th street. New York.

Johnson, Mrs. Fred H., 45 Whitney avenue, Olean.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 213

NEW YO^¥. — Cotitinued.
Joosten, C. H., 201 West street, New York.
Kasting, W. F., 481 Washington street, Buffalo.
Kaj, William H., 244 Fulton street, New York.
Keitsch, Charles H., 270 Southampton street, Buffalo.
Keller, J, M., 6oth street and 5th avenue, Brooklyn.
Kretschmar, H. G., 237 Lincoln Road, Flatbush.
Kretschmar, J. F., 237 Lincoln Road, Flatbush.
Krick, W. C, 1287 Broadway, Brooklyn.
Kromback, Charles, 181 25th street, Brooklyn.
Lang, Theodore J., 39th street and 6th avenue, New York.
Langjahr, A. H., 19 Boerum Place, Brooklyn.
Le Moult, Adolph, 172 Bowery, New York.
Lenker, Charles, Freeport, Long Island.
Loechner, Charles, 31 Barclay street. New York.
Long, D. B., Buffalo.
Lorenz, George, Long Island City.
Manker, Frank, Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn.
Mansfield, Thomas, Lockport.
Mansfield, William H., Lockport.
Marc, C. J., Woodside.

McClure, George W., 832 West Delaware avenue, Buffalo.
McConnell, Alex., 546 5th avenue. New York.
Mellis, D. Y., 299 Grant street, Brooklyn.
Miller, A. L., Station E., Brooklyn.
Morris, Henry, 216 East Genesee street, Syracuse.
Mott, Walter, Jamestown.
Newbold, Frederic R., Poughkeepsie.
Nilsson, William, Woodlawn.

Nugent, John B., Jr., 42 West 28th street, New York.
Ostermier, Leopold, New Rochelle.
Palmer, W. J., 304 Main street, Buffalo.
Parsons, Samuel B., Flushing.
Perkins, G. C, Newark.

Phillips, J. v., 272 Fulton street, Brooklyn.
Pierson, F. R., Tarrytovvn.
Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough.
Piorkovski, F. R., White Plains.
Powell, I. L., Millbrook.
Rawson, G. P., Elmira.

Raynor, John I., 49 West 28th street, New York.
Reimels, John, Woodhaven, L. I.
Reish, Karl, 352 William street, Buffalo.
Rhotest, Aug., 26 Barclay street. New York.
Riley, P., Flatbush avenue, Brooklyn.

214 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

NEW YOYLK—Conii lined.
Roehrs, Theo., 511 East 176th street, New York.
Rolker, Joseph E., 31 Barclay street, New York.
Rolker, Winfried, 31 Barclay street. New York.
Roney, C. H., Jamestown.
Schloss, Emil, 533 Broadway, New York.
Schmutz, L., Clarkson street, Brooklyn.
Schnabel, A. M., 871 Elton avenue, New York.
Schoenhut, Charles, 352 Williams street, Buffalo.
Schultheis, A., College Point.
Schulz, Johann, C. O., West Nyack.
Schweinfurth, F. C, Bronxville. ,
Scott, David J., 546 Balcom street, Buffalo.
Scott, William, 546 Balcom street, Buffalo.
Scott, W. B., Balcom street, Buffalo.

Sexton, S. B., 21 North Washington square, New York.
Shanley, James, 216 West 25th street, Brooklyn.
Shaw, J. Austin, 2688 Broadway, N. Y.
Sheridan, W. P., 39 West 28th street, New York.
Siebenheller, Wm. H., P. O. Box 36, Port Richmond.
Siebrecht, H. A., New Rochelle.
Siebrecht, H. A., Jr., New Rochelle.
Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria, Long Island City.
Steffens, Emil, 335 East 21st street. New York.
Suzuki, B., 31 Barclay street, New York.
Sykes, George, 1133 Broadway, New York.
Thielmann, John M., 890 Broadway, Brooklyn.
Thompson, Hartley, Westmoreland.
Thorne, A. L,., Flushing.
Thorne, Samuel, 43 Cedar street. New York.
Traendly, Frank, 38 West 28th street. New York.
Trudo, J. Burbidge, Alderbend, Clinton County.
Van Herff, B., 99 Nashua street, New York.
Wallace, Alex., Rhinelander Building, New York.
Wallace, S., 864 Delaware avenue, Buffalo.
Ward, C. W., Queens.

Warrant, F. W., 14 Birch crescent, Rochester.
Webber, William, Balcom street, Buffalo.
Weeber, C. G., 33 Buckingham road, Brooklyn.
Weiman, Max, 64th street and 12th avenue, Brooklyn.
Weir, Fred, Senator street and 5th avenue, Brooklyn.
Weir, John R., 324 Fulton street, Brooklyn.
Welsing, Adolph, 245 Waverly avenue, Brooklyn.
Wincott, William, Babylon.
Worden, E., 19 Thayer street, Jamestown.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 215

NEW YOKK— Continued.

Young, John, 51 West 28th street, New York.
Zeller, Alfred, Lefterts street, Brooklyn.
Zimmerman, C. D., 50 West Chippewa street, Buffalo.

NORTH CAROLINA
James M. Lamb, Fayette vi lie, Vice-President.

Arthur, G. S., Biltmore.

Banner, J. L., Montezuma.

Bottomley, Robert, Biltmore.

Bottomley, Robert, Jr., Biltmore.

Brown, E. E., Asheville.

Bush, Ernest J., Charlotte. ,

Campiehe, G., Asheville.

Croom,J. P., Magnolia.

Deake, J. W. C, Asheville.

Deake, Mrs. J. B., 324 Charlotte street, Asheville.

Lamb, James M., Fayetteville.

Linton, Mrs. M. O., Salisbury.

McSweeney, F. J., Pomona.

0'Q.uinn, J. L., Polk and Swain streets, Raleigh.

Pack, Mrs. G. W., Asheville.

Rehder, William, Wilmington.

Steinmetz, H., Raleigh.

Van Lindley, J., Pomona.

OHIO
E. George, Painesville; H. M. Altick, Dayton, Vice-Presidents.

Altick, H. M., 1123 North Main street, Dayton.

Bartels, F. C, Lake avenue, Cleveland.

Bayer, George, 2556 Fulton street, Toledo.

Berno, Ed., 181 Hedges street, Mansfield.

Betscher, C, Canal Dover.

Coe, A. M., North Olmsted.

Cunningham, Joseph H., 325 West Williams street, Delaware.

Cushman, E. H., Sj'lvania.

Eadie, James, 297 Erie street, Cleveland.

Fetters, E. A., Cleveland.

Gasser, J. M., 101 Euclid avenue, Cleveland.

George, E. B., Painesville.

George, Robert, Painesville.

George, T. B., Cincinnati.

Gillett, E. G., 113 East 3rd street, Cincinnati.

Good, J. M., Springfield.

216 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

OHIO — Continued.

Graham, Adam, 2849 Euclid avenue, Cleveland.

Graham, C. J., 2849 Euclid avenue, Cleveland.

Hagenburger, C, Hart street, Mentor.

Hagenburger, P., Hart street. Mentor.

Hall, W. E., Clyde.

Hart, Benno L., 1270 Detroit street, Cleveland.

Hart, H. A., 1262-1272 Detroit street, Cleveland.

Heinl, George A., 337 Summit street, Toledo.

Heiss, J. B., Dayton.

Hellenthal, John R., Columbus.

Hellenthal, J. J., 32 East Moler street, Columbus.

Hippard, E., Youngstown.

Hoffmeister, August, 813 Elm street, Cincinnati.

Imlay, John D., Zanesville.

Joseph, Miss Rosa, Pataskala.

Kegg, Robert, 452 Gordon avenue, Cleveland.

Kelly, J. C, Cleveland.

Kennedy, Isaac, Westpark.

Knopf, Albert, Columbus.

Kunz, Henry, Glenville.

Lamborn, L. L., Alliance.

Matthews, W. G., Dayton.

McCullough, Albert, 316 Walnut street, Cincinnati.

McCuUough, J. Charles, 2nd and Walnut streets, Cincinnati.

Merkel, John, Mentor.

Miller, George L., 12 East Park place, Newark.

Murphy, C. C, Station F., Cincinnati.

Murphy, William, Station F., Cincinnati.

Naumann, G. M., Doane street, Cleveland.

Peck, Frank J., 1707 Broadway, Toledo.

Peck, S. N., Toledo.

Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic street, Cleveland.

Peterson, J. A., McHenry avenue, Westwood, Cincinnati.

Pierce, L. B., Talmadge.

Ponting, Fred, Box 53, Glenville.

Ritter, Herman H., 435 West North avenue, Dayton.

Rodgers, J. W., Station F., Cincinnati.

Sackett, E. R., Fostoria.

Sandiford, Robert, Mansfield.

Schmidt, C. W., Springfield.

Schmitt, A., Glenville.

Schwab, Henry, 730 Adair street, Zanesville.

Smith, George W., Cleveland.

Stoehr, R. C, Fruit Tree Label Co., Dayton.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 217

OHIO — Continued.
Suder, Mrs. E., 323 Adams street, Toledo.
Sunderbruch, Albert, 437 Main street, Cincinnati.
Tong, Herbert, Ashtabula.
Ullrich, Lewis, Tiffin.

Warnke, Ludwig, 696 Woodland avenue, Cleveland.
Witterstaetter, Richard, Sedamsville.
Young, Henry, Ada.

Furrow, J. W., Guthrie.
Forbes, James, Portland.

OKLAHOMA
OREGON

PENNSYLVANIA
John Westcott, Philadelphia; Gustav Ludwig, Allegheny, Vice-Presidents.

Adelberger, Frank, Wayne.

Anderson, George, 5230 Woodland avenue, Philadelphia.

Aschmann, Godfrey, 1012 Ontario street, Philadelphia.

Avery, F. P., Tunkhannock.

Baker, Phebe'A., 42 North Orange street, Media.

Baker, W. J., 1430 South Pennsylvania square, Philadelphia.

Ball, Charles D., Holmesburg.

Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Philadelphia.

Battles, H. H., 108 South 12th street, Philadelphia.

Beam, David, Bala P.O., Philadelphia.

Beatty, H. B., Pittsburg.

Becker, Jacob, 52nd and Market streets, Philadelphia.

Beckert, Theodore F., Glenfield.

Bender. George J., Lewisburg.

Blind, George D., West View, Pittsburg.

Blind, H. L., West View, Pittsburg.

Burki, Frederick, Bellevue, Allegheny Co.

Burpee, W. Atlee, 5th and Willow streets, Philadelphia.

Burton, Alfred, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.

Burton, George, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.

Burton, John, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.

Butz, George C, State College, Centre County.

Campbell, Edward, Ardmore.

Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia.

Cascaden, James B., Manayunk.

Connell, Benjamin, West Grove.

Connor, D. T., 588 Elmwood avenue, Philadelphia.

Cotter, Lawrence, Danville.

Craig, George, 211 South 11th street, Philadelphia.

218 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

PENNSYLVANIA — Contijiued.
Craig, Robert, 49th and Market streets, Philadelphia.
Craig, W. P., 4:9th and Market streets, Philadelphia.
Dillon, J. L., Bloomsburg.

Dreer, William F., 714 Chestnut street, Philadelphia^
Eichholz, Henry, Waynesboro. ' •

Eisele, C, 11th and Jefferson streets, Philadelphia.
Ellinger, Edward, 49th and Walnut streets, Philadelphia.
Eschner, P., care M. Rice & Co., 918 Filbert street, Philadelphia.
Fahrenwold, Adolph, Rosljn, P.O., Hillside.

Falck, William, care Pennock Bros., 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia.
Falconer, William, Allegheny Cemetery, Pittsburg.
Fancourt, E. J., 1612-1618 Ludlow street, Philadelphia.
Fancourt, George E., Wilkesbarre.
Ford, C. S., 15th and Callowhill streets, Philadelphia.
Geiger, Henry C, 335 North 6th street, Philadelphia.
Gibson, William R., 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia.
Graham, George L., 57 Seward avenue, Bradford.
Griffin, James S., Jr., Philadelphia.

Hahman, F., HarrOwgate lane, Frankford, Philadelphia.
Harris, W. K., Jr., 55th street and Springfield avenue, Philadelphia.
Harris, W. K., Sr., 55th street and Springfield avenue, Philadelphia.
Harper, William Warner, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.
Harry, Winfield S., Conshohocken.
Heacock, Joseph, Wyncote.
Herr, Albert M., P. O. Box 338, Lancaster.
Hoopes, Josiah, Maple avenue. West Chester.
Hostetter, Abraham, Manheim.
Hostetter, E. P., Manheim.
Jones, S. Morris, West Grove.
Kift, Robert, 1721 Chestnut street, Philadelphia
Krueger, August, Meadville.
Langhans, T. P., 504 Liberty street, Pittsburg.
Lanser, A. H., VV^ayne.
Leslie, M. F., 173 43d street, Pittsburg.
Limbach, Casper, 1929 Carson street, S. S., Pittsburg.
Loew, William, 89 Pike street, Allegheny.
Lonsdale, Edwin, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.
Ludwig, E. C, Allegheny.

Ludwig, Gustav, 208 Allegheny Market, Allegheny.
Ludwig, J. W., Allegheny.

Maule, William H., 1711 Filbert street, Philadelphia.
McCallum, Neil, Wilmerding.
Meehan, S. Mendelson, Germantown.
Meehan, Thomas B., Germantown.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 219

PENNSYLVANIA — Continued.
Meyers, Felix H., care R. Craig & Son, 49tli and Market streets, Philadelphia.
Michell, H. F., 1018 Market street, Philadelphia.
Moon, S. C, Morrisville.
Moon, W. H., Morrisville.
Moss, George M., Philadelphia.
Murdock, A. M., 510 Smithfield street, Pittsburg.
Niessen, Leo, 13th and Filbert streets, Philadelphia.
O'Brien, M. L, Sharon.

Paul, Oglesbj, 220 South 4th street, Philadelphia.
Pennock, J. L., 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia.
Pennock, S. S., 1612-1618 Ludlow street, Philadelphia.
Polites, Frank, 13th and Chestnut streets, Philadelphia.
Raid, Edw., 1526 Ramstead street, Philadelphia.
Reineman, E. C, 305 Lowrv street, Allegheny.
Rieger, Christian, 16 Fourth avenue, Pittsburg.
Robertson, William, care J. W. Pepper, Jenkintown.
Rockwell, W. C, Bradford.
Rohrer, H. D., Lancaster.

Rust, David, Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia.
Samtman, George, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia.
Schluraff, Vern L., Erie.

Schmidt, William, 432 Main street, Johnstown.
Schoenfield, Herman, 133 South 17th street, Philadelphia.
Scott, A. B., Sharon Hill, Delaware County.
Shellem, John A., 17th and Tasker streets, Philadelphia.
Shilling, Howard M., Shillington, Berks County.
Sibson, J. F., Germantown.

Siebert, Charles T., Stanton avenue. Station B, Pittsburg.
Sim, Charles, Rosemont.

Skidelsky, S. S., 708 North 16th street, Philadelphia.
Smith, A. W., Boggs avenue, Pittsburg.
Smith, James F., Philadelphia.

Starkey, Benjamin, 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia.
Strong, O. H., Oil City.
Taplin, W. H., Holmesburg.

Van Waveren, C. S., 883 North 50th street, Philadelphia.
Watson, George C, Walnut and Locust streets, Philadelphia.
Westcott, John, Ridge and Lehigh avenues, Philadelphia.
Westcott, William H., Ridge and Lehigh avenues, Philadelphia.
Whilldin, J. G., 713 Wharton street, Philadelphia.
Wintzer, A,, West Grove.

Wolfenden, Thomas T., 264 North Lansdowne avenue, Lansdowne.
Wolff, J. Jr., 1617 North 9th street,, Philadelphia.
Yates, Walter N., Mt. Airy, Philadelphia.

220 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

RHODE ISLAND
R. W. Greene, Warwick, Vice-President.
Barnett, Richard, Woonsocket.
Byrnes, Peter S., Wickford.
Canning, J. B., 234 Smith street, Providence.
Gardner, Richard, Carroll avenue, Newport.
Griffin, Arthur, Ledge Road, Newport.
Hunnick, R., Newport.

Jensen, John G., 1142 Broad street, Providence.
Johnson, George, 18 Earl street. Providence.
Jurgens, Carl, Newport.
Reuter, L. J., Westerly.
Reuter, S. J., Westerly.
Wood, John F., Providence.
York, H. G., Westerly.

SOUTH CAROLINA.
Martin Stork, Columbia, Vice-President.
Kummer, Frank W., 420 King street, Charleston.
Moss, C. A., Spartanburg.

Price, Thaddeus, Rose Hill Greenhouses, Columbia.
Stork, Martin, Rose Hill Greenhouses, Cohimbia.
Wissels, Miss G. M., Aiken.

SOUTH DAKOTA

Newbury, E. C, Mitchell.

TENNESSEE
C. H. HuNE, Memphis, Vice-President.

Hune, C. H., Memphis.

Watson, Miss Callie, Memphis.

Baldwin, B.J., Paris.

Mass, George H., Woodstock.

TEXAS
VERMONT

VIRGINIA
H. Brown, Richmond, Vice-President.
Blick, Lloyd G., 51 Granby street, Norfolk.
Brown, H., 5 West Broad street, Richmond.
Brown, Harry B., Lynchburg.
Davis, W. S., Box 2, Purcellville.
Hammond, W. A., Richmond.
Newton, E. J., Norfolk.
Ponnet, C, Alexandria.
Whelan, F. A., Mt. Vernon.

SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 221

WEST VIRGINIA
Obermej'er, Gustav, Parkersburg.

WISCONSIN
F. P. DiLGER, Milwaukee, Vice-President.

Amerpohl, Edward, Janesville.

Bartels, H., 1178 Teutonia street, Milwaukee.

Currie, William, 108 Wisconsin street, Milwaukee.

Dilger, F. P., 418 Prior avenue, Milwaukee.

Dunlop, John, Wauwatosa.

Edlefsen, William, 349 3rd street, Milwaukee.

Freytag, William, 832 Forest Home avenue, Milwaukee.

Gregory, Benjamin, 1389 Humboldt avenue, Milwaukee.

Guillaume, Mrs. A., 4th and Main streets, La Crosse.

Haentze, E., Fond du Lac.

Helfrich, A., Burlington.

Hinchliffe, T., 506 Wisconsin street, Racine.

Holton, Fred, 457 Milwaukee street, Milwaukee.

Howard, John C, R. Rt., 2, Station D, Milwaukee.

Hunkel, H. V., 457 Milwaukee street, Milwaukee.

Jewett, A. J., Sparta.

Jewett, Miss Miriam, Sparta.

Johannsen, Charles, North Milwaukee.

Kennedy, W. A., C. C. Pollworth Company, Milwaukee.

Klokner, A., Wauwatosa.

Kuehne, Frank R., Box 383, Lake Geneva.

Lind, Christian, Warsaw.

Loeffler, Albert, Watertown.

Nelson, Victor, 169 Main street, N. S., Oshkosh.

Petzke, Ernest A., Hixton.

Pollworth, C. C, Box 75, Milwaukee.

Reupke, Albert H., P. O. Box 170, Lake Geneva.

Reutschler, Fred, Madison.

Schmeling, Fred, Milwaukee.

Schueneman, August, Oconomowoc.

Smith, F. C, Ashland.

Speidel, Otto, Oconomowoc.

Staeps, Herman, Elm Grove.

Stuebe, William H., Watertown.

Toole, William, Baraboo.

Turner, Lewis, Kenosha.

Vatter, George, Marinette.

Whitnall, C. B., 1184 Humboldt avenue, Milwaukee.

Zweifel, Nic, 14th street and Groeling avenue, Milwaukee, Wis.

222 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH CONVENTION

AUSTRALIA
Warren, James R., Harcourt. \'ictoria.

CANADA
F. C. Miller, Bracondale, Vice-President.

Duggan, T. W., Brampton.

Dunlop, John H., 644 Lansdown avenue. Toronto.

Groff, H. H., Simcoe, Ont.

Miller, F. C, Bracondale, Ont.

INDEX

FIRST DAY — OPENING SESSION

PAGE

Address of Welcome — Vice-President Pollworth 3

Presentation of gavel i

Address of Welcome — Mayor David S. Rose 4

Milwaukee's enterprise, her institutions, her homes, her parks and

her freedom from crime 5

Milwaukee bowlers' prowess 6

Response — Ex-President Adam Graham 6

President Burton's Address 7

Last season's perplexities; its prosperity; our development and a

word of caution 8

The Society's good influence and our debt therefor ; the virtues of

industry and thrift 9

Trades unions ; the peony committee 10

Need for nomenclature committee ; about State vice-presidents ; ser-

geant-at-arms 11

Sympathy with bereaved members 12

Annual Report of Secretary Stewart 12

Asheville's success ; plant introductions 12

The express-tariff victory; work of executive committee; plants

registered 13

Deaths; additions to membership; causes for satisfaction; limited

membership deplored , 15

Mr. Wallace's objections to peony registration : explanation bv

secretary 16

Peony registration laid on the table 17

Judges Appointed 17

Annual Report of Treasurer Beatty 18

Life membership fund 19

Supplemental report'. ,. 20

Communications.

From Secretary of Postal Progress League 21

From Canadian Horticultural Society 23

State Vice-Presidents' Reports Received 23

224 INDEX

PAGE

Reports of Committees 24

Legislative committee ; success of express-rate agitation 24

Committee on sports. Peony committee ; a misappreiiension ; work

already done 25

Closer relations ; proposed amendment to by-laws 26

Reference of report to executive committee 28

FIRST DAY — EVENING

President's Reception 28

SECOND DAY — MORNING

Reports of Judges Presented ' 29

Selection of Meeting Place. Various invitations 30

What St. Louis offers ; selection of St. Louis 32

A System of Accounts for Greenhouses. A paper by R. F. Tesson. 32

Value of systematic accounting; the principles of debit and credit.. 33

Cash accounts ; the journal 34

Ledger accounts 35

Loss and gain account 36

Misleading figures 37

Cost accounting in plant and flower growing 38

Record of flowers cut 39

Examples of sales record 40

System for ascertaining cost of production 41

Items in cost of plant growing 42

Discussion by Messrs. Scott and O'Mara 43

Nomination of Officers 43

Candidates presented for oflice of President 44

Vice-President, Secretarv and Treasvn-er 4C

SECOND DAY — EVENING

Floriculture at the St. Louis Exposition. An address by F. W.

Taylor 47

Instruction to intending exhibitors ; extensive plans 48

INDEX 225

PAGE

Latest Advances in Greenhouse Construction. A paper bj John

N. May 49

Some " modern " houses ; question of cost ; improvements 50

As to size of houses ; advantages of ridge-anci-furrow system : short-

span-to-scuth houses 51

Ventilation and roof pitch 52

Decorative Planting of Home Grounds 52

A lecture with stereopticon views bj C. B. Whitnall 52

The architect's failings; physical conditions; incongruities; the

country path 53

Drawbacks to beauty in city residences , . . . 64

Care f)f trees 55

Nature's ways 56

Influence of character in garden work : . . 57

Wise and unwise planting 58

Some good subjects 59

Uses of vines 60

Clipped lawns condemned ; about walks 61

Parks and the lawn-grass question 62

Tree protection ; some local criticisms 63

A walk in the woods 64

Some good examples 65

THIRD DAY — MORNING

Election of Officers 66

Constitutional question by J. T. D. Fulmer ; question settled by vote 67

Amended Judges' Report 68

Modern Methods in Floral Decoration. A paper by Alex. McConnell 68

Obsolete methods , passing of the wire frame; banking mantels.... 69

Uses of shrubbery bloom ; an example of modern methods 70

How to achieve success ; rosy predictions 71

Governmental Aid for Floriculture 71

Appeal to Congress 72

A Proposed Carnation Day. H. M. Altick tells of the Carnation

League and its objects 72

A general discussion 73

Violet Culture in the West. A paper by G. F. Crabb 74

Set-backs in violet growing ; proj)agation , 75

Varieties and treatment 76

Pests and diseases 77

226 INDEX

PAGE

Peony Registration. Reference to peonj committee 78

Amendments to Constitution. Amendment to Article III rejected .... 78

Amendment, Article VI, Plant Registration, adopted 79

A Record of Greenhouse Area. L. C. Corbett seeks information .... 80

What the Department of Agriculture is doing 81

Tests of new plants ; problems to be solved; Mr. Maj approve.s 82

Parcels Post. Objects of the Postal Progress League 83

Advantages of parcels post 84

Relations between the post-office and express companies ; rural

delivery 85

Favoritism to foreign shippers 86

Endorsement of the League 87

Glass Statistics. An offer by Mr. Corbett; appointment of committee 87

Committee on Coal Problem. A criticism 88

Appointment of Committees on Standard Sizes of Plants and of

Bulbs and Cut Flowkrs 89

Vote of Thanks to Superintendent F. H. Holton 89

Officers Declared Elected .... 90

THIRD DAY — EVENING

Substitutes for Coal and Their Comparative Efficiency. A paper

by W. R. Beattie, U. S. Department of Agriculture 91

Various systems of heating in use ; a fuel famine and its dangers. ... 91

Comparative heating value of various classes of coal 92

Substitutes for coal ; wood ; peat 93

Charcoal ; coke ; sawdust ; straw 94

Gaseous fuel ; coal gas ; blast furnace gas 95

Water gas 96

Petroleum ; experiments with crude oil 97

Difficulties in the use of oil 98

Appliances for burning oil 99

Conclusions ' 101

A correction by H. B. Beatty 102

Presentation to Ex-President W. R. S.mith 102

Remarks by Mr. Craig ; Mr. Smith's response 103

Presentation to President Burton 103

Nominations of State Vice-Presidents 104

INDEX 227

PAGE

The Humorous Side of the Florists' Business. A paper by J. D.

Carinodj 104

Looking on the bright side ; the florist's vocation and where it leads

him ]05

Trade comicalities 106

A succession of anecdotes 107

Odd floral tributes 108

Funny nomenclatures 109

Tribute to woman ; the florists' part in love-making 110

Final Resolutions. Report of committee Ill

Adjournment 112

FOURTH DAY

Lake Excursion to Chicago. Banquet at Chicago 112

Presentation to J. C. Vaughan 113

Parting Words by President Burton and President-elect Breit-

meyer 114

Reports of State Vice-Presideni s 116

California 116

Canada 125

Colorado 126

Connecticut 127

District of Columbia 129

Florida ; Georgia 130

Illinois, south 131

Indiana 132

Iowa ; Kentucky 133

Kansas ; Maine 134

Maryland 135

Massachusetts, west 136

Michigan 137

Minnesota 138

Missouri ; Nebraska 139

New Hampshire 140

New- Jersey 141

New York, east 143

New York, west 145

North Carolina 146

Ohio, north 147

Rhode Island 148

South Carolina 149

Wisconsin 149

228

PAGE

Reports of Exhibition Judges 151

Plants 151

Cut Flowers, Boilers and Heating Apparatus, Greenhouse Appli-
ances and Flower Pots 153

Supplies 154

Bulbs 155

Home-grown Bulbs 156

Report of Superintendent of Trade Exhibition 156

Plant Intkodlctions for 1903 160

Carnations ; chrysanthemums 160

Roses ; dahlias ; zonal geraniums 162

Miscellaneous 163

Report of Committee on Spokts 165

Bowling tournament 165

Individual scores ; ladies' scores 166

Prizes and winners 167

Special prizes ; ladies' prizes 168

Shooting tournament 169

Florists' Hail Association of America 170

Secretary's report 170

Election of directors ; amendinents 172

Treasurer's report 173

American Carnation Society 175

Presentations 175

Life Members 176

Officers Elected for 1903 178

Past Presidents 179

State Vice-Presidents Nominated for 1904 179

Annual Members for 1903 180

Members by States 199^

" iv ,

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