LIBRARY OF THE T DATE DUE ■■■"1 - f UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY SB 403 S6 22nd-24th 1906-08 -K:.'-^:'..'^'^'-^-^^ r J::.-rrr_r^ .^, w^^ ^^^^>;c^^.^-i^-^^!:^^ ^g^Ci^fS&ig^SSS^^#^. PROCEEDINGS OF THE Twenty-Second Annual Convention OF THE SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS AND ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURISTS HELD AT DAYTON, OHIO August 2ist, 22d, 23d and 24th 1906 Copyrighted, 1906, by \Vm. J. Stewart, Secretary, Boston, Mass. UNIVERSlffoF MASSACHUSETTS I AMHERST, MASS. I CHAPEL l^j 6 G - OS The Opening Session Dayton, O., Aug. 21, 1906. The society experienced a week of tropical weather, the torrid conditions extending uninterruptedly throughout the con- srention. A heavy downfall of rain immediately before the hour fixed for the opening session afforded httle reHef from the heat and brought added discomfort in wet grounds, moist and damp surroundings on the open Fair Grounds where the convention met. The attendance compared favorably with that of any previ- ous convention, the interest in the proceedings continuing un- abated throughout, and large and appreciative audiences were present daily. The trade display in the Exhibition Hall was one of the most elaborate ever presented at an annual meeting, and there was a splendid outdoor exhibit of garden planting. Promenade con- certs were given during the afternoons in the Exhibition Build- ing. The meeting hall, a one-story frame structure with canvas- covered openings on the sides, was tastefully decorated with southern smilax, oak boughs and the national colors. The old flag of the S. A. F. was conspicuous on the platform. The convention preliminades were attended by an intelligent and enthusiastic audience that filled the seats and crowded the aisles and entrances of the Convention Hall. ai*7 5 ^ 4 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION Vice-President Altick, after some delay caused by a thunder- storm, said: The weather conditions, over which we have no control, have made the opening of the convention less auspicious than we desired it to be; but I thank you for the patience with which you have waited until the clouds rolled by, and we promise you to do our best to remedy any delay from a like cause at the succeeding sessions. We have planned for the pleasure of our guests, we have had consultations with the powers that be, and have gone into the smallest details in order to give you all a good time. In the absence of our Honorable Mayor, who has been called away from the city, I take great pleasure in introducing to you Hon. Judge Dale, of our city, who will welcome you and perhaps refer to the details that have been arranged, for your entertainment. Hon. Charles W. Dale, of the local judiciary, here came for- ward and was cordially greeted. Addressing the president and members he said: In the absence of the mayor of our city it has become my pleasure, as an official of this city and county, to welcome you to our midst. I do not know of a body of men who bring more sunshine and happiness to a community than the members of your organization. Your work is a noble one and is being appreciated more and more every day. At this moment doubtless many a convalescent is caressing a rose whose perfume and beauty have contributed to his or her recovery. Your zeal in your chosen vocation bears fruit in many evidences of your intelligent progress. Especially is this true in the city of Dayton, essentially a city of homes. Around almost every cottage you may see flowers and plants, indicating a wealth of refinement and culture within the homes of our people. The toiler, whether a business man or a working woman, who comes home after a hard day's labor to green surroundings and who inhales the per- fume of beautiful flowers, enjoys a pleasure such as that which the traveler in a desert in the Far East experiences when he suddenly beholds an oasis. Only the other day the National Cash Register Company began a stupendous work in floral ornamentation; and I want to improve this op- portunity to thank that company for their great and glorious achievements in horticulture, the results of which we are reaping in generous measure; and the day will come when our citizens will show by some substantial recognition their appreciation of that work. We think we have a beautiful city here; we know we have a splendid citizenship; we want you to see us in our every-day life; we want you to SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 0 enjoy your visit here, and we will try to assist you in that. The keys of our gates we leave with you. Go where you will. It will be a pleasure to us to meet you within our portals at all times. (Applause). Prof. J. F. Cowell, of Builalo, N. Y., responded on behalf of the society. Addressing Judge Dale he said: I assure you that I voice the feelings of every member of this asso- ciation when I thank you for the very cordial welcome you have extended to us on behalf of your beautiful city. We are glad we came. We have already had a glimpse of Dayton as we passed through some of your streets, and that brief vision has but whetted our appetites for more. We have heard a great deal of Dayton. We have heard that it is a clean city, a beautiful city and a well governed city; and if cleanliness is next to godliness, it must be a godly city. We come to you eager to see and to learn; for while this is our vacation time it is also our school time, and I feel that we will learn many lessons from you and carry away in our hearts treasures incorruptible. None of us can look upon the good work you have accomplished here without feeling a desire to see our own homes and more especially the homes of our neighbors cleansed and beautified. I trust that our inquisitiveness may not be carried to the point of dis- courtesy, but I can tell you now that we shall wish to know just how you have done it and to examine all the machinery you have put in motion to accomplish your most desirable present state. We come from all parts of this broad land with a thirst — for knowledge — almost unquenchable. W^e shall drink heavily from your fountains and go away full of new life and incentives. We shall go to the East and to the West, to the North and to the South, and scatter broadcast over the land the good seed that we have harvested from your fertile field. What we may do in some measure to repay your hospitality we will do gladly. It is said that "It is more blessed to give than to receive," and you will find your best remuneration in the fact that you have given and given freely to the stranger within your gates. In return we can but give to others out of the abundance we have re- ceived. Like the cruse of oil and the handful of meal, in the parable, knowledge expands as we impart it and leaves our capital untouched and even increased. The object of our coming is primarily to meet together and discuss subjects which we deem of importance to the business interests which we represent. We come to renew old acquaintances and to make new ones. Our business is to beautify this earth and any contiguous planets that may be within reach. We must of necessity talk shop to some extent, but our b PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION minds are open to those broader influences which cannot fail to be exerted amid such exceptional surroundings. I am pleased to act as the mouthpiece of this assemblage, and my only doubt is that, in the excitement of the moment, I may have failed somewhat in expressing just how deeply we appreciate the well-considered and kindly arrangements you have made for our entertainment. (Long con- tinued applause). Vice-President Altick: It now affords me pleasure to turn the meet- ing over to our president, and I do so, with the earnest wish that we may all be benefited greatly by the business sessions that will follow, and that there may be great honor given to our grand old society. THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. President W. F Kasting, upon assuming the chair, expressed the hope that the Twenty-second Annual Convention would be a benefit to every one attending it and that, upon returning to their homes, all would go awav satisfied and declaring to each other that they had been benefited by their visit to Dayton. He then proceeded with the reading of his address, which was warmly applauded by the convention. It was as follows: Ladies and Gentlemen, Fellow Members of the S. A. F. and O. H.: Twenty-two years ago, I am told, while this society, then new-born, was holding its first meeting in the City of Cincinnati, there came an invi- tation to visit this city and view the horticultural wonders as set forth at the Soldiers' Home and other places. Today we come again, increased an hundred fold, to see not only the Soldiers' Home, but to see and admire the thousands of plantations in the streets, squares, and about the homes of the people; plantations that have made the name of Dayton known the world over and have been an incentive for other municipalities and an object lesson in civic cleanliness and good taste. Amid such surroundings, I trust our deliberations as a Society may be immeasurably pleasant and profitable, and that as individuals we may carry away impressions and ideas that will enable us to improve our own environment, and add to the beauty and general attractiveness of the localities which we severally represent. Twenty-two years is not a long time in the history of a nation or even of a society, but it is time enough, I think, to prove the solidity of our or- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. < ganization, and time enough for us to have profited by our experiences. If there was a need for an organization of this character twenty-two years ago, how much greater is the need today, with the enormous expansion of our business that has come in two decades. The wisdom of the Fathers has been amply demonstrated. We cannot afford, however, to stand still and rest upon the records of the past — we must put forth new efforts and keep pace with the great procession. The question comes home to us — Are we making the most of our opportunities as a society with such broad aims and splendid possibilities? Would it not be well to pause in our congratulations and our commenda- tions and indulge in a season of introspection, and see if we cannot profit by example and still further augment our usefulness. Let us take a leaf from the history of our Host City and clean up our back yard and put our front in such condition that it may be an example to all men, to the end that we may become a greater power for good in the years that are to come. Let us take an example too by the work that the National Cash Register has done, and in our wider dwelling place be leaders in improve- ment and education. There are certain questions that seem to be perennial sources of dis- cussion, which crop up annually for our consideration. Occasionally one is settled; but its place is immediately taken, and it is only by constantly hammering at them that they are brought into shape and disposed of. I propose briefly to refer to the more important of these problems, not with the idea of giving you any fresh argument, but rather that they may not be allowed to rest until they are solved. Among the questions discussed by my predecessors, perhaps none are of more general importance than those pertaining to education. We as professors of garden art and craft will continue to be looked up to as those having authority to speak, and it devolves upon us to b^^ prepared, so far as we may, to lead in all matters relating to horticultural pursuits. How can we best reach the people who are interested in garden matters, and increase their love for vernal surroundings, as well as to im- plant desire where no desire exists, are questions of vital importance and worthy of our most earnest consideration. Exhibitions as a factor in edu- cation are of the greatest value. It is by the eye more than by the ear that people are instructed. The value of the local displays of plants and flowers, happily on the increase, has done much to stimulate a more general love for flowers and incidentally have increased the demands for the product of our art. Probably still more far reaching on account of its greater publicity and more elaborate and comprehensive display would be an exhibition of national character, where the entire country would be represented. O PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION National Flower Show. This question of a National Flower Show was again before the Execu- tive Committee of the Society at its recent meeting in this city and was discussed at some length, and I believe no one dissented from the state- ment that such a show would be of the greatest benefit to our interests. The result of this discussion will appear in committee report. I trust that the details of plans for such an exhibition may be per- fected in the near future and that such an exhibition may be held in one of the great centres of the country. Perhaps it is unfortunate in some re- spects that our interests have been drawn away or divided by the organi- zation of special societies devoted to the culture of individual flowers. I mean that in many cases the interest in the special has overcome the interest in the general and to an extent has weakened the S. A. F. when it comes to a question of combination of all interests in one grand exhibition. Everyone with the welfare of our Society at heart must labor for the closer union between these vigorous offsprings and the Mother Society. Trade Exhibitions. Trade Exhibitions, as they are now conducted at our annual meet- ings, are undoubtedly of great benefit to our members. They should be fostered, and the exhibitors should be encouraged in every way consistent with the proper disposal of the business of the Convention. I deem this subject of so much importance that I would recommend that special time should be given to the examination of the exhibits. The exhibitors come to our meeting under a great expense, they contribute largely to the success of our meetings both in interest and financially and I believe they should have more consideration at the hands of the makers of the program. We can well afiford to call one day Exhibitors' Day. We have made an experiment with out-door exhibits and while the result to date is not satisfactory, yet I believe the idea is good, and that this out-door exhibition can be made an important adjunct. In order to make an exhibit of this kind a success time must be taken for proper prep- aration. A manager, preferably a local man, must be appointed and the ground be available a year before the date of the meeting, or better still a year and a half. It would then be possible for fall planting or even spring planting to be done and plants could be properly established and prepared. This would enable our nurserymen to make an exhibit of trees, shrubs and such other hardy material as they might desire to show. A good exhibition of this character would add greatly to the interest of our meetings. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 9 The Experiment Stations. The Experiment Stations are doing much valuable educational work and their publications are far reaching. Every member of this Society should avail himself of his opportunity to obtain the bulletins of his State Stations, and use his best endeavor to see that these stations are provided with sufficient funds to carry on their work. Any one who has been familiar with the work of these institutions for the last twenty years, cannot have failed to notice the improvement in the quality of work done. The complaint made by many that not enough work is done for the benefit of the florist and gardener is not so just as it was years ago, and in many instances more work along these lines would be done if it were called for. If you don't ask for it, you don't get it. Horticultural Education. Horticultural Education, as provided in the public schools, is perhaps rather disappointing to many. But it must be remembered that in the common schools only the merest rudiments are possible and just how much horticultural instruction is given will depend largely upon the people of the locality. Nature Study is in many cases really a primary course in horticulture. Some of the states are showing considerable activity along this line and probably the great need at the present time is a more efficient plan of work and better prepared instructors. The way to stimulate the work is by arousing public sentiment in behalf of the value of such study. Mr. Hallock who has given this subject much thought will discuss the question at the meeting. Free Seed Distribution. Free Seed Distribution by the Federal Government still continues; but the efforts being made will, if continued, I doubt not, effect a discon- tinuance of the practice and the "hoary fraud" will be done away with. Members of this Society should give their representatives in Con- gress no rest until this practice is abolished. Parcel Post. A Parcel Post would be the great advantage of most people in the trade and a great boon to the general public. The elements opposed to such public convenience are well known, and so far they have had influ- 10 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION ence enough to prevent the passage of a law estabHshing it. The agitation should be vigorously continued, and every means taken to impress our law makers with the necessity for such a method of transportation. We are behind most civilized countries in this respect. The Tarifif. The Tariff on many articles which are of necessity imported or which might be imported to our great advantage still continues to vex us. Some of the duties imposed are indefensible as a whole and others should be greatly modified. This subject has been before us often and some action has been taken in regard to it. I would recommend the appointment of a committee whose duty it should be to lay before the proper authorities our views on the subject, and urge a revision of the duties whenever possible. Secretary's Ofifice. To return to our more immediate concerns it seems to me that we might profitably make some improvements in the conduct of our business affairs. The Secretary's Ofifice is one of the most important, as well as one of the most permanent within the Society, and some changes in the. manner of business might be well undertaken. In the first place the Sec- retary should give bonds, as is now required of the Treasurer. His books and vouchers should be presented at the meeting of the Executive Com- mittee for audit in connection with the accounts of the Treasurer, and not be passed upon in bulk in the hurry of the Annual Convention. His ac- counts as published should be itemized, for every member has a right to know just how his money is being spent and to whom it is paid. He is now the purchasing agent of the Society and no check is kept upon his expenditures. I would suggest that all bills be approved by the President before going to the Treasurer for payment. The Secretary should be paid an adequate salary sufficient to re- munerate him for his time and incidental expenses, and this should cover them all, so that bills for extra help, etc., would not be presented to the Society. Amendments to By-Laws. » The Amendments to the By-Laws, in regard to manner of conducting election, will come before you at this meeting and should not fail of action as recommended by the Executive Committee. Membership. Membership in this Society should stand high. I cannot approve of the suggestion that the dues of certain members should be made less than SOCIJSTY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 11 that of others. While it is desirable to include in our membership every- one engaged in ornamental gardening, whether he be on a private estate, in a public position, or a v^holesale warehouse, and an effort should be made to induce all to join, yet it should be understood that all come in on an equal footing and with equal responsibilities before the law. The so called "Private Gardener" of today may be a public gardener tomorrow: the employe of today may be, and indeed he probably will be an employer tomorrow. Nor should it be forgotten that many an employe is better able to pay dues than are some employers. It seems to me that this Society should keep in closer touch with the local organization. It should have its accredited agent at the local flower shows and other gatherings of the craft. This would, I believe, tend to add new material to our membership list and add to the prestige of our Society. In order to do this it would be necessary to have some one detailed for the purpose, and probably the Secretary of our Society would be most available for the purpose. State Vice-Presidents. More care should be taken in the selection of the State Vice-Presi- dents. At the present time one or two men from a locality get together and place in nomination the person who might suit them best, which as a rule is equivalent to the appointment for this of^ce made by the President. This should be left entirely to the selection of the President when he takes ofifice. If he should not be acquainted sufficiently with a person from that territory or locality, it would be then the duty of the President to ascer- tain from the local Society if there be one or a few other members in the craft which is the best man for him to appoint. The office should stand for something and men should be appointed who will give some time to the interest of the Society. Business Methods. Business Methods need more study on the part of many men engaged in trade, and this is just as true of the flower trade as of any other. No man can hope to succeed who does his business in a loose and slipshod manner. No matter how small the business, a set of books should be kept so that the standing of the business can be found at a moment's notice. Fair dealing in both buying and selling should be the rule, and a man's word should be a little better than his bond. Do not abuse your credit and 12 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION you will find business much easier. It is true in business as well as in other things that "A good name is better than riches." I have alluded elsewhere to the trade exhibitions, and now I wish to add a few words in regard to their management. I believe that the Society should take entire charge of these exhibits. It should appoint a manager, pay all expenses and receive any profits that may arise from such exhibitions. I am well aware that the custom has been otherwise for the reason that the money realized was needed for the local people to help on the entertainment. Now this is all wrong. Is it not time that this Society adopted an attitude of independence and dignity? Is it not time that this Society selected its own place of meeting without putting it up to be auctioned off? Would it not be possible for us to go in peace and quiet in some central point and hold our Convention and entertain ourselves? There are many places that we could visit wuth profit to ourselves, where to be entertained by the local members of our trade would mean ruin to them. This entertainment has in my opinion grown to be a great evil, and an un- just tax upon the communities visited. It has reached a point in the emu- lation of hosts where it behooves us to stop and consider the cost. Today there are only a few of the larger cities that dare invite a Convention, because they cannot make the lavish preparations that have become cus- tomary. A reform in this direction is needed. Sports. Perhaps another reform is needed in the matter of sports. Do we not give rather too much valuable time to our games? It is true that they are enjoyable to many but it hardly seems necessary to travel a thousand miles to play a game of base ball or shoot a few clay pigeons. I think we have gone a little too far, and have suffered in the attendance on our meetings because of the time taken for these contests. I do not mean to decry the social value of our meetings but is there not a better way of enjoying each other's society and one less embarrassing to the business of the Convention? I believe that these contests should be curtailed and so arranged as not to interfere with the working of the Society as they do at present. Take a day for them if necessary, but let that day be after the business of the meeting is completed. Horticultural Press. One factor in the general success of our business that has received but scant notice from us, is the Horticultural Press. While it may be said that these publications are purely commercial enterprises, and outside of SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 13 our societies, yet they contribute a great deal to our success as a Society, and contain from time to tune the condensed essence of the brains of our more prominent members. They are certainly worthy of our support In every way, and no man in our business can hope to be posted in the doings of our craft without the weekly perusal of these papers, advertisements and all. In Conclusion. A word more and I am finished. It has occurred to me that many good ideas are broached after the work of our committee is done. How easy it would be for every member of this Society having opinions in re- gard to the management of the business of the Society to put his ideas in writing and send the same to the Secretary at any time previous to the meeting of the Executive Committee. In surrendering the office of President to my successor, I want to thank you for your loyalty and consideration, which has made the work a joy and will leave with me a most pleasant memory. THE SECRETARY'S REPORT. Secretary Wm. J. Stewart, being called upon, prefaced the reading of his report with several announcements for general information, viz: that owing to the inclement weather the enter- tainment in the evening would take place not at Far Hills, as originally planned, but at Wellfare Hall at the National Cash Register Company's w^orks; also that a Post Offtce and other conveniences had been temporarily arranged for the members at the secretary's office in the exhibition building. Secretary Stewart then proceeded with the reading of his annual report, as follows: Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists: I find it hard to realize that this is m> nineteenth annual report as Secretary. Twenty years seems a long period to look forward to. but very short in retrospect. Some of us who are awakening to the fact that the years count up very rapidly, and that conventions come around with alarming frequency of late, can, however, take some comfort from Emer- son, who wrote. "We do not count a man's years until he has nothing else 14 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION to count." It is to be hoped that each and every one of us may be thus immune from year-counting for many a year to come. To quote again from the same writer, "Nothing great was ever achieved without enthu- siasm." Dayton has been long on enthusiasm for many months — hence this truly great convention opening and, as nothing is more infectious than healthy enthusiasm, it is not diffi.cult to forecast what kind of a conven- tion this, which we are now entering upon, is to be. You all know that the Executive Board met here last spring, that we had a good time as Executive Boards always do and that we worked long and hard as Executive Boards also always do. The program as printed discloses but scantily the quantity and quality of oratory which is prom- ised as various important subjects are brought forward and he who thinks to stay away from any of the sessions little realizes what he will miss. Among the recommendations of the Executive Board are — first, the proposition that at all future trade exhibitions the net profits therefrom be equally divided between the national society and the local organization. As this is a matter to be adjusted by the Executive Board each year the main reason for referring to it here is that organizations planning to invite the society to visit their city may know before extending any invitation and govern themselves accordingly. The outdoor exhibition, wisely planned, earnestly urged and generously carried out so far as the society and its Dayton friends are concerned, has not received the support that should have been given it by the plant growers and nursery trade generally. The project is on right lines, however, and should have another opportunity next year. Recognizing the need of some better method of instruction in horti- culture for young men, a sub-committee was appointed to confer with Agricultural College officials and it was voted to recommend to the society the appropriation of a sum not to exceed $150 toward the carr3nng out of some practical plan of co-operation between the society and the colleges. According to instructions by the society the scheme of numbered badges and a key book for members has been put in operation, and the name of every member registered up to July 15, 1906, appears therein. Other important transactions by the Executive Board are fully dis- closed in the various items of the official program which you have before you. Acting on the complaint of members living in New Jersey an effort was made by your Secretary and also by the chairman of the legislative committee to get from the manager of the U. S. Express Co. a statement as to the reasons for the increased transportation charges made since last May upon flower shipments from New Jersey points to New York City, but we were met with a very decided refusal to give any explanation. A second request did not even receive the courtesy of an answer. Your SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 15 Secretary, in the meantime, had been making some investigations as to oiir privileges under the new Interstate Commerce Act, and on August 7, 1906, wrote the following letter: Boston, August 7, 1906. Mr. T. M. Jones, Mgr., U. S. Express Company, 39 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Dear Sir: — Referring to my letter of May 11, 1906, which thus far remains unanswered, I beg to state that in view of the universal sentiment of protest on the part of flower growers who are mem- bers of our society and whose interests are affected by the ad- vanced rates on flowers shipped from producers in your territory to the New York wholesale market, I deem it to be my duty to submit this matter to the Interstate Commerce Commission for in- vestigation and adjustment as is my privilege under the provisions of Section 13 of the amended Interstate Commerce Act, unless I receive some assurance from you that the increased charges com- plained of will be given prompt reconsideration by your company. It would give me much pleasure to be able to report to our society at its convention in Dayton, Ohio, August 21-24, that the United States Express Company had taken this question under advisement and hoped to be able to announce a rate which would be generally accepted as just and reasonable. Yours respectfully, (Signed) WM. J. STEWART, Secretary. This letter shared the same late as its predecessor, no acknowledg- ment having thus far been received. I believe we have a good case; I know that the Interstate Commerce Commission will give us a prompt and cour- teous hearing, and hope we shall be able to arrange for the appearance of our legislative committee with necessary witnesses before that body at an early date. Regarding the domestic-grown narcissus bulbs exhibited by a Virginia grower last year which were submitted to Air. J. .F. Sullivan for testing, that gentleman reports that he gave them identically the same treatment that was given the foreign-grown bulbs of the same varieties and found the flowering qualities to be of substantially the same good value. Medals have been delivered during the past year as follows: Robert Craig & Son, Philadelphia, a bronze medal for Ficus pandu- rata exhibited at the Washington convention. Ki J'KOCEEDIXGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION Louis Wittbold, a bronze medal for mechanical watering system ex- hibited at the Washington convention. Dennison School, Washington, D. C, through Miss Susan B. Sipe, bronze medal for superior work in gardening, October i6, 1906. Through the American Carnation Society, January 24, 1906, a silver medal to Cottage Gardens Company for carnation Mrs. C. W. Ward, and a bronze medal to Cottage Gardens Company for carnation Robert Craig. Through the Cincinnati Florists' Society, March 10, 1906, a silver medal to R. Witterstaetter for carnation Afterglow, and a bronze medal to Minneapolis Floral Company for rose Miss Kate Moulton. New plant names have been registered since my last report as follows: August 26, 1905 — Canna, Uncle Sam, by Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa. October 14, 1905 — Rose, Triumph, by Peter Henderson & Co., New York. October 28, 1905 — Canna, Vesuvius, by Peter Henderson & Co., New York. November 11, 1905 — Cannas, Prince of India, Jupiter, Venus, by Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa. December 23, 1905 — Carnations, Winsor, Helen M. Gould, White En- chantress, by F. R. Pierson Co., Tarrytown-on-Hudson, N. Y. January 27, 1906 — Rose, Helen Good, by United States Nursery Co., Rich., Miss. February 17, 1906 — Sweet peas, Mrs. Alex. Wallace, J. K. Allen,. Christmas Enchantress, Jack Hunter, Mrs. C. Wild, Christmas Meteor, by A. C. Zvolanek, Bound Brook, N. J. February 24, 1906 — Roses, Christine Wright, Columbia, by Hoopes, Brother & Thomas, West Grove, Pa. March 10, 1906 — Canna, Superior, by William Schray & Sons, St. Louis, Mo. March 10, 1906 — Alternanthera aurea robusta by William Schray & Sons, St. Louis, Mo. March 10, 1906— Sweet peas. Secretary William J. Stewart, Mrs. W. W. Smalley, by A. C. Zvolanek, Bound Brook, N. J. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 17 March 24, 1906 — Cannas, Dr. William Saunders, Ottawa, by Conard &' Jones Co., West Grove, Pa. April 7, 1906 — Sweet peas, Mrs. William Sim, Mrs. F. J. Dolansky, Samuel J. Trepess, Maxwelton, Caroline Whitney, by A. C. Zvolanek, Bound Brook, N. J. April 21, 1906 — Sweet peas, Mrs. J. F. Hannay, Marion Staniford, Miss Jossie Riedley, by A. C. Zvolanek, Bound Brook, N. J. April 28, 1906 — Cannas, Mount Washington, Mount Zion, Henry George, Telegraph, Inman's Choice, Britta, Golden Cluster, Sensation, Uwanta, Thelma, Pansy Read, Crown of Gold, Admiral Togo, Gold Mine, Queen of Orange, The American Duchess, Golden Dawn, Royal Neighbor, Golden Express, Amalgamated, Ohio, Buckeye, Dayton, Nymphea, Leader, Royal Bronze, Fairhope, by the Southern Floral Nursery Co., Fruitdale, Ala. May 5, 1906 — H. P. Rose, Charles Wagner, by Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa. May 12, 1906 — Dendrobium nobile, Mrs. Larz Anderson, by Duncan Finlayson, Jamaica Plain, Mass. June 9, 1906 — Cannas, Queen of Beauty, Flashlight, Majestic, Bronze King, Girafife, Moonlight, Blushing Belle, Southern Pride, Alabama, Miss- issippi, Bucatunna, Gen. Kuroki, Tom L. Johnson, Emerald, Perfection, Daybreak, Sunbeam, Jumbo, Gov. Patterson, Chautauqua, Jr., by The Southern Floral Nursery Co., Fruitdale, Ala. June 23, 1906 — Nephrolepis Fruckii, and Berryii, by Henry C. Fruck, Grosse Point Farms, Mich. July 14, 1906 — Rose, Aurora, by Paul Niehofif, Lehighton, Pa. July 21, 1906 — Hydrangea arborescens alba grandiflora, by The E. G. Hill Co., Richmond, Ind. August II, 1906 — Laelio-Cattleya, Lady Bernice, by Lager & Hurrell, Summit, N. J. W^e have lost nine members by death since my last report: C. G. Nanz, Louisville, Ky., August 17, 1905. J. C. Rennison, Sioux City, la., February 24, 1906. Aug. Rhotert, New York, N. Y., April 9, 1906. 18 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION C. H. Kunznian, Louisville, Ky., May 22, 1906. George H. Rowden, Wallingford, Conn., May 17, 1906. Hans Bartels, Milwaukee, Wis., April 30, 1906. Abraham Hostetter, Manheim, Pa,, April 18, 1906. William Schray, St. Louis, Mo., May 15, 1906. James Hartshorne, Joliet, 111., August 6, 1906. Other membership statistics are as follows: Whole number of members as per printed report for 1905. was 889, of whom 114 were life members. This included 4 life members and 173 an- nual members who had been added or reinstated during the year. The ac- quisitions are credited as follows: Alabama, Colorado, Iowa, Louisiana, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, one each; California, Missouri, North Carolina, Virginia, Ontario, Manitoba, two each; Indiana, Wisconsin, three each; Connecticut, Georgia, Kentucky, four each; New Jersey, eight; Illi- nois, 10; Maryland, Michigan, 12 each; District of Columbia, Ohio, 13 each; Massachusetts, 18; New York, 26; Pennsylvania, 29. The number of lapses during the year of members who had paid dues for the previous year, but either resigned or failed to respond in 1905, was III. These delinquencies are chargeable to the various States as follows: California, Kentucky, Maryland, Maine, Rhode Island. Texas. Ontario, one each; Colorado, Georgia, Kansas. Oklahoma, South Carolina. Tennessee, two each; Connecticut, Iowa, Minnesota, New Jersey, three each; Indiana, four; Michigan, five; Wisconsin, seven; Ohio, eight; Pennsylvania, nine; New York, twelve; Missouri, thirteen; Illinois, twenty-two. The list of names of delinquents in each State was sent from the Secretary's office to its respective Vice-President. A few of the Vice-Presidents reported: from the majority no response was received. It is, I think, generally known among the members that I have decided not to be a candidate for re-election to this office which with rare and gen- erous confidence you have placed in my keeping for so many years. Since that day nineteen years ago, in Chicago, when I had the privilege of thank- ing you for the honor you had conferred in unanimously selecting me as the successor in office of such men as E. G. Hill and Edwin Lonsdale, many changes have come about. Very many loyal workers for the Society whose friendships were so dear to us have been called away never to return. In meditating on the changed conditions and tremendous horticultural growth of this epoch in the Society's history I feel that, while the ambitions and SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 19 aims of the pioneers have in some respects fallen short of realization, yet, as societies go, this Society has done well. The balance in the treasury as reported at the Chicago convention nmeteen years ago, was $32.35. With this, our Treasurer's report which you are about to listen to, will compare favorably. Our membership, however, is not what it should be. Everyone iden- tified with any department of horticulture is a sharer in the general bene- fits which the existence and the direct work of the society has made pos- sible, and it is much to be regretted that thus far no effective means has been found of bringing the great mass of those engaged in those pursuits to do their share toward the support of the institution which has done so much for them and might do so much more if it could only have the neces- sary backing. In seeking to be relieved from the responsibilities of the secretaryship I can assure you that my interest in the Society's welfare will continue un- abated, and I shall be ready at all times in the ranks to do whatever lies in my power for the grand old Society whose burdens and whose joys have been so peculiarly my own for so many years. When the applause which followed the report had subsided, Mr. Benj. Hammond, of Fishkill, N. Y., said: Mr. President, I move that the report be accepted as read. In view of Secretary Stewart's declination to serve this society longer as its sec- retary, it is proper for us to express to him the thanks of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists for the many years of continual service which he has filled out with so much fidelity in all the branches and ramifications of his ofTfice. Mr. C. W. Turnley, of Haddonfield, N. J., seconded the motion. The motion was adopted with applause. THE TREASURER'S REPORT. The annual report of Treasurer H. B. Beatty was presented by Secretary Stewart, in the absence of the treasurer. He ex- plained that it was quite voluminous, containing- many figures, and that with the permission of the convention he would simply give 20 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION the totals unless some one called for a more detailed statement. He then read the substance of the report as to receipts, disburse- ments and balances. The report, in full, is as follows: TREASURER'S REPORT. January i to December 31, 1905. Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists. General Fund. receipts. IQ05 Jan. I. Cash on hand ^2,923.07 Mar. 31. Dues Book 1451-1500 $150.00 " " 1501-1550 150.00 " " 1551-1600 150.00 " " 1601-1650 150.00 " " 1651-1700 144.00 Int. Home Trust Co., Nov. 1904 to May 1905 . 19.72 Int. Citizens Banking Co., Jan. i, 1905, to July I, 1905 44-i6 Dues Book 1701-1750 144.00 •' " 1751-1800 147.00 Initiation Book 1051-1 100 240.00 Dues Book 1801-1850 " " 1851-1900 297.00 Initiation Book 1201-1250 235.00 Sept. 8. " " 1151-1200 245.00 Advertising in the Report of 1904 75.00 Nov. I. Int. Home Trust Co., May i to Nov. i, 1905. . 22.50 Dec. 31. Int. Citizens Banking Co., July i to Dec. 31, 1905 45-0^ '• 31. Dues Book 2001-2050 i45-oo Total Receipts Jan. i to Dec. 31, 1905 2,403.44 $5,326.51 May I. July I. (( 13- Aug. I, " 9- u 21, SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 21 DISBURSEMENTS. 1905 Mar, 22. Voucher 253 Life Membership Fund $ 12.00 254 W. J. Stewart 165.33 May 26. 255 W. H. Elliott 22.00 256 H. B. Beatty 21.00 257 Theodore Wirth 21 .00 258 H. M. Altick 33.00 259 P, Breitmeyer 40.50 260 E. V. Hallock 10.00 July 8. 261 W. J. Stewart 95-05 13. 262 W.J.Stewart 375-oo Aug. 9. 263 W. J. Stewart 78.27 " 15. 264 N. Stafford Co 48.00 265 Bureau of Print'g & Engraving 4575 Sept. II. 266 Clark & Ash 15.00 267 J. D. Carmody 75-oo Nov. 24. 268 Vaughan Seed Store 4.94 269 Derrick Publishing Co 5.00 270 J. T. Temple 25.00 271 Dr. A. L. Halstead 25.00 272 Jos. A. Manda 25.00 273 Jos. I. Gilbert 46.00 274 Wm. J. Stewart 375-oo 275 Wm. J. Stewart 182.27 Dec. 18. 276 J. C. Vaughan 58.44 277 Horticulture Publishing Co. . . . 40.00 Total Disbursements ^1,843.55 Cash on hand 3,482.96 $5,326.51 Cash balance Citizens Banking Co $2,298.07 Cash balance Home Trust Co 1,184.89 $3,482.96 2*2 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION Summary of Receipts and Expenditures. January i, 1Q05, to December 31, 1905. general fund. 1905 Jan. ist. Cash on hand $2,923.07 RECEIPTS. Dues for year 1903 $ 27.00 " " " 1904 141.00 " " " 1905 1 263.00 " " '' 1906 36.00 ^1,467.00 Initiation •• 1904 1 70.00 " '• 1905 560.00 730-00 Advertising 75-oo Interest on Bank balances 13144 2,403.44 15,326.51 EXPENDITURES. 1 . Secretary's salary ^750.00 2. Asst. Secretary at annual meeting 42.05 3. Executive committee meeting i93-5o 4. Copying proceedings of Executive Com. meeting 11-25 5. Stenographer's report of annual convention 88.10 6. Printing proceedings of annual convention 40.00 7. Miscellaneous printing 109.80 8. Secretary's office expense 260. 1 2 9. Treasurer's office expense 10. Annual badges 68.70 1 1 . Miscellaneous expense 205.03 Special appropriation — Judges of exhibit 75-oo 1,843.55 Cash on hand 13,482.96 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 23 9[2SS9000"^Ot^OLOOO'^OOOOOOr^-l-n OroOOOOvoqOOr^Or^OOO^OOOOOON^S 3 U. r< ri M ri o m n ci n n n o m ri ri ci <-! ri c) ci m r-i ri ci (n > O 2 2 o 24 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION Home Trust Company of Pittsburg. Pittsburg, Pa., Feb. 26, 1906. Mr. H. B. Beatty, Farmers Building, Pittsburg, Pa. Dear Sir : — As per the request of Mr. L. B. Beatty, we beg to in- form you that Mr. H. B. Beatty, Treasurer of the Society of American Florists, had to his credit on the first day of January, 1906, 111,184.89. Yours very truly, P. J. Davidson, Mce-President. Citizens Banking Company. Oil City, Pa., Feb. 24, 1906. H. B. Beatty, Treasurer Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, Pittsburg, Pa. Dear Sir : — The balance standing to the credit of this Society on January i, 1906, on the books of this Bank, was $2,298.07, and re- mains the same to this date. Respectfully yours, Fred C. McGill, Cashier. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 25 Life Membership Fund. 1905 Jan. I 1904 Oct. 2. Oct. 22. 1Q05 July I. July 18. Aug. 10. Aug. 31. Dec. 31. Cash on Hand RECEIPTS. 89 Adolph E. Asmus 90 Fred Breitmeyer 91 P. J. Hauswirth 92 J. F. Sullivan 93 Arthur Cowee , 94 C. A. Kuehn 95 Geo. A. Heinl 96 Fred Louis Schulz 97 Otto G. Koenig 98 J. B. Nugent, Jr 99 Lewis Ullrich 100 John I. Raynor loi N J. Weitor 102 C. L. Washburn 103 L. Coatsworth 104 J. R. Freeman 105 J. A.. Evans 106 Robt. Klagge 107 F. C. Weber, Jr 108 J. M. Gasser Interest Germania Savings Bank from Jan. i, 1905, to July I, 1905 109 Theo. VVirth 1 10 E. A. Moseley 1 1 T Peter Reinberg 112 J. C. Vaughan 113 Ernest Harris 114 Oscar Boehler 1 1 5 Frank R. Pierson 1 16 T. Alfred Bauer 117 E. F. Winterson Interest Germania Savings Bank from July i, 1905, to Dec. 31, 1905 Total receipts Total cash on hand January i, 1906 Cash on hand Germania Savings Bank ;^2,8i9.96 ^30-00 30.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 30.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 30.00 25.00 30.00 30,00 25.00 65.99 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 70.57 911.56 ^3,731-52 26 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION Germania Savings Bank. Pittsburg, Pa., Feb. 24, 1906. Mr. H. B. Beatty, Treasurer, Pittsburg, Pa. Dear Sir: — Our books show a balance of 53'73i-52 to the credit of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists on savings account, Bank Book No. 28412. This includes six months' in- terest amounting to $70.57, which was credited to the account on Jan- uary I St, 1906. Yours truly, C. F. Gardner, Asst. Secretary. Consolidated General and Life Membership Funds. 1905 Jan. I. Balance General Fund ;S2, 923.07 Balance Life Membership Fund 2,819.96 Cash on hand $5,743.03 Dec. 31. Total Receipts year 1905 General Fund 2,403.44 Total Receipts year 1905 Life Mem. Fund. 91L56 Total Receipts 1905 3,315.00 $9>o58o3 Dec. 31. Total Disbursements year 1905 Gen'l Fund 1,843.55 Cash on hand Dec. 31, 1905 $7,214.48 Dec. 31. Balance Home Trust Co. of Pittsburg 11,184.89 Balance Citizens Banking Co. of Oil City 2,298.07 Balance Germania Savings Bank, Pittsburg 3.731-52 $7,214.48 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 27 Treasurer's Auxiliary Report. general fund. Balance on hand January i, 1906 — Citizens Banking Company $2,298.07 Home Trust Company 1,184.89 13,482.96 Receipts to August i, 1906 11,340.96 Expense to August i, 1906 1,487.06 Expense in excess of Receipts $ 146.10 Balance on hand August i, 1906 3,336.86 Balance on hand as per attached statement of Banks — Citizens Banking Company 12,344.03 Home Trust Company 1,018.73 l3»362.76 Less check No. 57 issued July 24, 1906, not in Aug. i, 25.90 $3,336.86 LIFE FUND. January, i, 1906, Balance I3j73I-52 Receipts to August i, 1906 240.07 ^3,971-59 Balance on hand as per attached statement of Banks — Germania Savings Bank, Aug. i, 1906 ^3»97i-59 Respectfully submitted, H. B. BEATTY, Treasurer. 28 proceedings of twenty-second convention Germania Savings Bank. Pittsburg, Pa., Aug. ii, 1906. Mr. H. B. Beatty, Treasurer, City. Dear Sir : — In reply to your inquiry of the 6th inst., beg to say, that on Aug. i, 1906, there was a balance of 13,971.59 to the credit of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists on savings account, bank book No. 2S412. Very truly yours, C. F. Gardner, Asst. Secretary. Home Trust Company of Pittsburg. Pittsburg, Pa., Aug. 13, 1906. Mr. H. B. Beatty, Treasurer Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, Farmers Building, City. Dear Sir : — According to our books on August first, your balance was $1,018.73. Yours very truly, R. J. Davidson, Vice-President. Citizens Banking Company. Oil Cit}-, Pa., Aug. 11, 1906. Mr. H. B. Beatty, Treasurer Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, Pittsburg, Pa. Dear Sir : — As per your request, we beg to state that the amount on deposit to the credit of the Society of American Florists and Orna- mental Horticulturists on August first was $2,344.03. This balance has not changed since that time. Trusting that this will meet with your requirements and thanking you for your patronage, I am Very truly yours, R. M. Nichols, Asst. Cashier. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 29 On motion of Mr. J. L. Dillon, of Bloomsburg, Pa., it was ordered that the report be received and spread upon the minutes. REPORTS OF STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS. The next order of business being the reports of State Vice- Presidents, Secretary Stewart stated that quite a number of such reports had been received. He gave for general information the names of the States which had reported up to the present time, viz: North Carolina, Michigan (south), Massachusetts (east), Massachusetts (west), New Jersey, Louisiana, Florida, Ala- bama, Georgia, Texas, Connecticut, West Virginia, Maryland, Nebraska, Kansas, Illinois (north), Wisconsin, Missouri (east) and Iowa. President Kasting explained that the report from his locality, New York (west), had been prepared by Vice-President McClure, but iiad probably been delayed in the mail. (Additional reports from state vice-presidents, including that from New York (west), also Indiana and Pennsylvania (west), were received at later sessions.) President Kasting announced that State Vice-President Leo Niessen, of eastern Pennsylvania, had secured life and annual members whose dues amounted to $70 during the past year. He termed this a very satisfactory report. A telegram was read from Mr. Theo. Wirth, of Minneapolis, -Minn., a member of the executive committee, regretting his un- avoidable absence and tendering his sincere wishes for a success- ful, progressive and joyful meeting of the convention. President Kasting explained that Mr. Wirth, being a park superintendent, was delayed because of public improvements and had proven himself to be an efficient member of the executive 30 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION committee. He added that, if there was no objection, the tele- gram would be entered on the minutes. It was so ordered. The next business being- reports from committees, the presi- dent called upon the Peony Committee. Mr. Edwin Lonsdale, of Philadelphia, Pa.: The committee has no report to make at present. NATIONAL COUNCIL OF HORTICULTURE. Secretary Stewart: Mr. President, I have a report from the com- mittee which was appointed to co-operate with committees of the Seed Trade and Nursery Associations regarding the National Council of Horti- culture and its work. This report was handed in by Mr. Wallace, I be- lieve. He has a copy of it. Mr. Alex. Wallace of New York City, responding to the invitation of the Chair, ascended the platform and read the com- mittee's report, which he had prepared. It was heartily ap- plauded. The report was as follows: Mr. President and Fellow Members: As a preliminary, your Com- mittee would beg leave to state in brief, the origin and objects of the Na- tional Council of Horticulture as follows: At a general horticultural meeting called by the Chief of the Depart- ment of Horticulture of the Louisiana Purchase- Exposition and held in St. Louis on the afternoon of November lo, 1904, a strong and unanimous opinion was expressed that horticulture, in the broad sense, could be greatly advanced by the organization of a National Council of Horticul- ture, composed of official representatives of the various national societies interested in the growth and use of plants and of others disposed to work for their betterment and enlarged use. At a meeting held in Chicago on July 20, 1905, the objects of the or- ganization were outlined as follows: To fraternize and concrete the Horticultural interests of North America. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 31 To consider the questions of public policy and administration, which are so common to these organizations. To act as a bureau of publicity in the interests of reliable information pertaining to Horticulture in its broadest sense. Subsequently it was suggested that some action be taken "on improv- ing the common practice of naming and breeding of varieties of plants which are propagated by seed. The variety of names now used mean little., and the development of some system of practice would bring about more certainty as to the meaning of varietal names." Also "Calling the atten- tion of those interested in horticulture, particularly the horticultural tradesmen, to the importance of participating both locally and generally in the work of improvement, which is now so strongly in evidence all over the country." At the Washington meeting of the S. A. F. and O. H. last year, Pres- ident Vaughan appointed the undersigned as a committee "for the purpose of conferring with the officers of the National Council of Horticulture and others interested in the movement." A few weeks after the adjournment of the Washington meeting, the chairman of this committee communicated with Prof. H. C. Irish of St. Louis, Secretary of the National Council of Horticulture, asking him how or in what manner the committee could be of assistance to the Council. In the course of his reply, Mr. Irish asked for suggestions on matters which should go before the Council, adding, "Perhaps you know of some plant, about which popular newspaper articles should be written, in order that the people who do not read the scientific and horticultural journals would get to know about. Perhaps there are useful horticultural utensils or methods of treating plants, which should be spoken of. All of these matters have been mentioned as a part of the work of the Council. You wall see that the idea is altruistic, so that in whatever walk of life a person may be, he will be brought in close touch with horticulture in its broadest sense." The Council met at Cleveland, Ohio, on Oct. 4, 1905, at the time of the meeting of the American Civic Association, when Mr. Breitmeyer of this committee was pfesent. The chairman of the committee also sent a communication offering some suggestions which were duly considered by the Council. The Council so far has directed its attention to the distribution of information on horticultural subjects through the public press. A Press Bureau has been established in charge of Mr. James Burdette of Chicago, a trained newspaper man. To meet the outlay connected with this work, the 32 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION Council appealed to the representative florist, seed and nursery firms throughout the country for subscriptions. The Treasurer's report, copy of- which is herewith attached, shows that $210 have been contributed by the firms named in that report. After paying all expenses, a balance of $17 now remains in the hands of the Council. How the work of distribution of the information was accomplished and the favorable manner in which it was received by the daily press of the country, is shown in a report of Mr. Burdette to the Secretary of the Council, which your committee would suggest be published (in whole or in part) in the records of this society as an addendum to this report. Briefly summarized, it might be stated that a series of between thirty and forty articles on various horticultural subjects extending over a period of ten weeks had been sent to some two thousand newspapers throughout the country: about fifteen hundred of these were sent through newspaper syn- dicates and some five hundred to newspapers direct. Nearly all of the articles were used, and it is estimated that the aggregate circulation of these newspapers amounts to at least three million. As showing the nature of the newspaper articles, the following list of titles is given: "Brilliant flowering annuals." "Rules for raising China asters." "How to grow dahlias." "Easily grown bulbous plants," "Good plants for a garden of annuals," etc. It will be seen from the titles of the articles distributed that the florist industry has received a large share of attention. Your committee believes that work of this nature must of necessity be of great benefit to the trade generally. The articles were written in a popular style, and have been the means of directing the attention of a large number of people to the sub- jects on which they treat. We believe that this work should be continued, and would state for the information of the society that our sister organization. The American Seed Trade Association, at its recent meeting, appropriated the sum of $200 for the purpose of the Press Bureau of the National Council of Horti- culture. In view of its importance and the helpful nature of the work, your committee would suggest that a sum of money, the amount to be decided by the members of this society, should be appropriated by this organiza- tion for a similar purpose. We think it may be well to state that the foregoing report has been SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 33 collated largely from documents sent to the chairman of this committee by Secretary Irish of the National Council of Horticulture. The chairman of this committee would add personally that he was unable to attend any of the sessions of the Council. Mr. Scott w^as pre- vented from attending by sickness. As previously stated, Mr. Breitmeyer was present at the Cleveland meeting. It should be added also that Ex- President Vaughan, who is chairman of the Council, has been present at every meeting, and has been indefatigable in his endeavor to promote the work of the organization. It is suggested that Messrs. Vaughan and Breit- meyer be called upon to supplement what is contained in this report. \h. Philip Breitmeyer, of Detroit, a member of the com- mittee, being called upon by the Chair, said: Mr. Wallace, in his interesting statement, has gone over the whole ground thoroughly. His report is exhaustive, and I can only add to it that I think it is the duty of every florist who has his own business inter- ests at heart to contribute any sum that he can possibly give to advance the efficiency of this Council. Th'e work that has been done and that can be done is perhaps not easily explained at a meeting like the present. How^ever, when you see an instructive article upon horticulture in one of your daily newspapers, you all appreciate its value to the florists' business in general and to your own interests in particular. I believe that the Council should receive the support of every member who can afford to contribute to it. Mr. Geo. C. Watson, of Philadelphia: We would like to hear from Mr. Vaughan. Mr. J. C. Vaughan, of Chicago, a member of the committee, responded: As Mr. W"allace has said, I was temporary chairman of the prelim- inary organization, but I have little to add to the statement he has made, as I agree wath Mr. Breitmeyer that Mr. Wallace has covered the subject very fully. I might add that it was Mr. Breitmeyer's suggestion, at Cleve- land, that the leading men in the trade should be invited to contribute cer- tain amounts for this exp'erimental work which Mr. Burdette has carried forward, as recited in the committee's report. That preliminary work has shown results far beyond our expectations. We did not ask for as large a contribution as Mr. Breitmeyer suggested. He stated at that meetir-^ that he, for one. with the prospects as they appeared then, w^ould be will- 34 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION * ing to contribute $25. I said, "Suppose we make it less, so that it may be easier for all who feel disposed to give something to do so,'' and I named $10; and that was the figure which was agreed upon. Now it does seem to me that the very extended publicity given to these articles cannot fail to benefit every nurseryman who has a little trade and every beginner on a small line as well as every cut-flower dealer in the large cities, because every such article calls public attention to horti- culture and stimulates the popular taste. We may safely assume that those articles are read by three millions of people all over the country. I believe that thousands of people have gone into our flower stores, into our nurserymen's places and into our plant establishments who would not have gone there if their interest in our products had not been awakened by what they had read in the newspapers. And this has been brought about with an expenditure of less than $200. It has been suggested by members of tbe Council of Horticulture that an appropriation of a moderate sum be made by this body. The seed trade association has appropriated $200; and perhaps we should, with the sanction of the executive committee, contribute a like sum or possibly $300. These sums, with a contribution from the nurserymen, who have appointed a committee on this matter, would make quite a fund. In addition to that there are, I think, a number of large firms who will contribute on their own account because the big wholesale houses who sell plants and seeds to the trade recognize that every one of their customers is likely to bring them greater patronage because, of this system of general publicity. A most satisfactory feature is that the newspapers are not only willing to print free of charge the matter furnished to them but are glad to get it and ask for more. It is well known that the leading newspapers have been im posed upon at times by irresponsible persons and imaginative reporters with erroneous reports and statements of a wild-cat character in respect to horticulture; but their effort is to publish only news items that are cor- rect. It is important therefore that the matter furnished to them should be vouched for by reliable authority. This is what can be done through the medium of the press bureau under the auspices of the Council of Hor- ticulture. The plan seems to me to promise great benefit to the florists of this country, owing to the willingness of the newspapers to use the matter furnished to them. How long they will continue to fill their columns for our benefit is another question, but while they are willing to do so I think it is to our interest to give them all the matter they will publish. ^lessrs. J. G. Esler and Geo. C. Watson moved that the report be accepted and that the convention recommend to the SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 35 executive committee that the sum of $200 be appropriated for the purpose stated. Mr. Vaughan: I would like to add to the motion, that two delegates be appointed by the president to act as members of the National Council of Horticulture. The motion, as modified by Mr. \'augh.an\s suggestion, was adopted without dissent. GENERAL BUSINESS. President Kasting: The secretary reports that no response has been received from the judges on the essays on "The Best Method of Disposing of the Product of the Wholesale Plant and Flower Grower," wdiich were prepared in competition for the prizes offered. The secretary states that he sent the essays to Mr. Chas. T. Guenther, of Hamburg, N. Y., the chairman of the judges. The other judges are Messrs. F. C. Weber of St. Louis and Ed. Winterson of Chicago, the latter having been substituted for Mr. John B. Nugent of New York. Secretary Stewart: The prize essays prepared by members on the subject of "The Best Method of Marketing the Product of the Wholesale Plant and Flower Grower," were mailed to Mr. Guenther in the fore part of last week, with the request that he forward them to his fellow-commit- teemen with his comments, so that the essays might pass through the hands of the others and reach here today for presentation. I have heard nothing from Mr. Guenther and have not even had any intimation that ho received them. Five essays were received by me, of which I have a list. President Kasting: That gentleman is my neighbor, and I can say for him that he did not receive them. He so informed me this morning. Note. — It was subsequently ascertained that the packages containing the documents had been misdirected. After their recovery they were subnnitted to the judges and full report thereon will be found in the latter part of this volume. President Kasting: The Chair announces the appointment of Judges on the Trade Display in the Exhibition Building, as follows: William Scott of Buffalo; Harry Papworth of New Orleans; Charles H. Vick of Rochester, N. Y. The Dayton Florists' Club has offered two gold med"V\ two silver medals and two bronze medals for the best landscape garde:. 36 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION plans, and the drawings are displayed in the exhibition hall. The club has asked me to appoint three judges to make the awards. I name as the judges, Prof. John F. Cowell. of Buffalo; Edwin Lonsdale, of Philadel- phia; and H. D. Seele, of Elkhart, Indiana. Secretary Stewart here read a communication from the Detroit Florist Ckib relating to the ravages of a disease, termed stem-rot, which has attacked the aster plant, suggesting that an appropriation be made for an investigation, etc. Mr. E. A. Scribner, of Detroit: Mr. President, that is a matter of such vast importance that I move to defer its consideration until we have more time to discuss it. The President: If there is no objection, it is so ordered by the Chair. Secretary Stewart read a communication from the National Council of Horticulture, signed by the secretary, Prof. H. G. Irish, stating that the council has under consideration the matter of a National Congress of Horticulture, to convene at Jamestown, Va., some time during the Exposition, and inviting the co-opera- tion of the S. A. F. President Kasting: If there is no objection, the communication will be referred to the executive committee. Does that suit the members here? The Chair hears no objection. It is so ordered. Secretary Stewart: There is also a communication from H. Beau- lieu, of Woodhaven, N. Y., advocating a parcels post and the abolishment of free seeds. Mr. E. A. Scribner: That is another important matter. I move that it be deferred until we have more time for free discussion. Carried. Secretary Stewart explained the failure of efforts to pro- vide for an illustrated lecture on Wednesday evening, as provided in the program; the various gentlemen who had been expected to respond for that purpose having been unable to do so. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 37 On motion of Mr. J. C. Vaughan, the recommendations in the president's address and a paper by Mr. F. E. Palmer on "The Ideal Private Gardener" were made the special orders of busi- ness for Wednesday evening. Mr. W. H. Elliott of Brighton, Mass., stated that Mr. Palmer was well qualified to present his subject and had prepared his paper at the request of the executive board. Secretary Stewart then read for information a list of the places from which invitations had been received for the holding of the next annual meeting, viz: Niagara Falls; the Jamestown Exposition; Norfolk, Va.; Chicago; Atlantic City; Put-in-Bay, Mich. (The invitations were presented on the following day.) On motion of Mr. C. W. Turnley, adjourned until the follow- ing day at 9.30 A. M. FIRST DAY — EVENING. On Tuesday evening the members of the convention and their ladies were the guests of the National Cash Register Com- pany, at \\>llfare Hall, in the Company's establishment. The annual reception by the President of the S. A. F. was a feature of the entertainment. The original intention was to hold the recep- tion at Far Hills, the summer home of President John H. Pat- terson of the National Cash Register Company, but a heavy rain during the afternoon necessitated a change. Members of the Dayton Florists' Club and their families with members of the Board of Directors of the Company were present. The visitors were received by ^lanager A. W. Sinclair. Supper 38 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION was served at six o'clock, 1200 covers being laid. Floral decora- tions with vocal and instrumental music were the accompani- ments. After the supper General Manager Wm. Pflum formally greeted the visitors. He said they had honored the city by their visit and on the present occasion had specially honored the Com- pany. He assured them that President Patterson, who was now abroad, would have been pleased to meet each and every one of them and to gain some points 01 interest to him in floral work, as he had always been interested in securing pleasant surround- ings for his people; landscape gardening being one of many fea- tures of Wellfare work in which he and his Company had taken a deep interest. By means of landscape gardening they had changed the character of the locality about their works and in- creased the value of property there. They believed that a great manufacturing institution should stand for civic improvement and that landscape gardening is an essential requisite of that im- provement. They believed that the florists could do much to promote the advancement and beautification of cities and they needed to be encouraged in their work. He said that the N. C. R. Co. had created around their factory beautiful and healthful surroundings in the place of the filth, ashes and rubbish which had previously been seen there and is too often seen around great factories in cities. They had found that it pays to do this because employes were better fitted and more able to carry on their work under the improved conditions. He suggested that there was a reason for such improvement from a money standpoint because it was well known that, in selecting a residence, preference was always given to a suburb planted in grass and shrubbery and the value of real estate there was increased by horticulture. He added that the Company wanted to have the criticisms and the suggestions of the florists to aid them, and he expressed the belief that no organization was in a position to do so much good to humanity as the one which he now addressed. (Applause.) President Kasting then held his reception, in which every- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 39 body present took part with much cordiaHty. Assisted by Secre- tary Stewart, Messrs. Beatty and Hauswirth and their ladies and members of the Executive Board of the S. A. F., the President exchanged greetings with the visitors and their friends and spent a few moments in social converse with each one. An illustrated lecture on American and Japanese landscape gardening was given by Mr. E. S. Thomas, the lecturer of the N. C. R. Co., and stereopticon views were given of what had been accomplished in beautifying the neighborhood of the factory. Beautifully colored flower plates and scenes from the great train robbery, etc., were given with lantern effects. The visitors retired at a late hour after an evening of niost enjoyable recreation. 40 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION SECOND DAY — MORNING. Wednesday, Aug. 22, 1906. The session opened (at 10.25 A. 'M.) with the reading of a telegram from Miss Perle Fuhiier, of Des Moines, la., express- ing her regret in having missed attending the convention for the first time in eight years, and extending her best wishes for a pros- perous meeting. REFORM IN POSTAL RATES. Secretary Stewart presented a communication from Mr. F. R. Pierson, a member of the committee to confer with committees of the Nursery and Seed Trade Associations on legislative matters, stating, among other things, that a correspondence had taken place between the writer (Mr. Pierson) and Mr. Page, of the Seed Trade Association, in which the latter stated that he was making an active endeavor to obtain the pound rate on seed catalogues but, on account of the pressure of legislation at Washington, it had been deemed advisable not to press this reform at present. Mr. Alex. Wallace: Mr. President. I move that the report be ac- cepted and the committee continued. President Kasting called attention to the presence of Secre- tary Cowles of the Postal Progress League, who had requested to be heard. He said he hoped there would be no objection to hearing from that gentleman. Mr. James L. Cowles, Secretary of the Postal Progress League, ascended the platform in response to the implied invita- tion of the Chair, and said: SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 41 Gentlemen, I was much pleased to hear the letter that has just been read. I have been in communication more or less with Mr. Page, the president of the American Seed Trade Association. It seems to me there is nothing of greater importance to the people of your society and to the country in general than the improvement of the postal service. I am thor- oughly in sympathy with the suggestion that your catalogues should be carried in the mails as cheaply as magazines and newspapers or ordinary second-class matter. I may say that one of the first members of our League, Mr. Patrick Farrelly, of the American News Company, long supported this proposition that all classes of mail matter not bound in book form should be carried at the one-cent-a-pound rate. Bear in mind that these magazines and newspapers are nothing more nor less than merchandise to the gentlemen w^ho issue them, that they are to them a matter of merchandise as much as flowers in transportation to you. If it is good business policy for the Gov- ernment of the United States, representing the taxpayers of the United States, to carry magazines and newspapers, the advertising mediums of this country, throughout the length and breadth of the country, at one cent a pound, why should not the same service be extended to all kinds of merchandise? What a wonderful benefit that would be to the advertised product if extended to the business interests of this country. I cannot think of any other one thing that would do so much for the common wel- fare as the establishment of a merchandise post on the basis of the pub- lishers' cent-a-pound post. But we are not likely to get such an extended service immediately; I have had some experience in Washington in the last few years. In the first place. I want to say to you that the modern post office with its system of weights, determined by the representatives of the tax- payers in Congress assembled — determined regardless of distance, of the volume of business and of the character of the matter handled — that the modern post ofifice was the creation of the first free Congress of the United States; the creation, I may say, of Abraham- Lincoln; and it came into being in the same year in which he issued his famous Emancipation Procla- mation. Sometimes I have thought that the founders of the modern post ofifice of this country had in view the time when, through an extension of the postal service, the country might be saved from a system of slavery perhaps almost as bad as that which existed in the old South; for the power that determines the transport rate' of a country is to my mind a power quite as great as that which the old slave-owner held over his chattel. Whoever makes the railway rate of a country owns that country, its people and its produce. The modern post ofifice began the handling of merchandise, eight- ounce parcels at first, in 1863. and of a few specific articles not merchan- 42 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION disc. In 1872 it was extended to twelve-ounce parcels of all kinds 01 mer- chandise. In 1874 it covered four-pound packages of all kinds of merchan- dise, at eight cents a pound, one-half the present general merchandise rate. At that time the United States, I think I am safe in saying, stood at the head of the civilized world in the handling of merchandise by the post office. But where are we today? Whereas in 1874 all kinds of merchan- dise were handled by the United States Post Office at the rate of one cent for two ounces, or eight cents per pound, today the rate on general merchandise is one hundred per cent, higher than it was then. You can, it is true, send out printed paper, bulbs, seeds, etc., for planting, at eight cents a pound, but on blank paper, and on bulbs, seeds, etc., for food, you must pay a tax of sixteen cents per pound. The distinctions between third and fourth-class mail matter are so close as to be a cause of great trouble to the Post Office Department as well as to the public. Away back in 1891 Postmaster General Wanamaker demanded that there should be a consolidation of these two services at the old common rate of 1874; and every Republican administration from that day to the present has demanded this postal improvement. Now, where are we today as compared with where we were thirty years ago? Since that time France and England and all the countries of Europe have entered into the Parcels Post business; and England today carries any- where over the British Empire a three-pound parcel for twenty-four cents, a seven-pound package for 48 cents and an eleven-pound package for 72 cents. Please also note that the United States Express Company, under its existing contract with the English Post Office, is carrying English postal packages from New York City all over this country — parcels of from three to eleven pounds — at a common rate of twenty-four cents. Now, if the United States Express Company can carry eleven pounds of English merchandise throughout the length and breadth of this country for twenty-four cents, surely it is reasonable for us to demand an eight cents a pound parcel post here. (Applause). Three years ago we brought before Congress a bill providing for the consolidation of third and fourth-class mail matter and asking that the postal service of this country be brought up to the condition in which it stood in 1874; but we were met with a blank refusal from the Chairman of the House Postal Committee, my friend, the Hon. Jesse Overstreet, of Indianapolis — a refusal to even consider that proposition. Last winter I presented to him a petition signed by three ex-Postmasters General, by the officers of the Philadelphia Trades League, by the officers of all the commercial associations of Baltimore and the Mayor of Baltimore: and my friend Overstreet turned it down. Bear in mind that every Republican administration, since the days of Mr. Wanamaker, has urgently demanded postal improvement; and now one man. the Chairman of the House Postal SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 43 Committee, blocks its enactment into law. If you would know the reason for the backwardness of our postal service you will find it in the fact that its management has been in the hands of its foes. What can you expect of a post office controlled by Senator Piatt of New York and Senator Depew of New York? (Merriment). The predecessor of Mr. Overstreet (Mr. Loud of California), in each of his thirteen reports attacking the second-class service, said that the sentiment of our people for the post office was a maudlin sentiment; that the post office, while a public con- venience, was not a public necessity and that it ought to be turned over to private corporations, and finally that its very existence was a wrong be- cause it cultivated a sentiment in favor of its extension over the whole sphere of public transportation and transmission. Because it was so good, there/ore, Mr. Loud would have it wiped out of existence. Now I would call your attention to the fact that there are Congres- sional elections in the coming fall which will determine the policy of Congress toward the post office for the next two years. If, therefore, we would have any improvement in the service during that period, if we would see our little bill (H. R. 4549), providing for the consolidation of third and fourth-class mail matter, enacted into the law this coming winter, we must see to it that Congressmen are elected who are in favor of the measure. Somehow it has seemed to me that the present Chairman of the House Postal Committee is a direct descendant of Mr. Loud. If he could have his way, to quote his language, "postal facilities should not be greater than they are today," they would be less. At the recent meeting of the Photographers' Association, at Niagara Falls, which I happened to address, the Association passed two votes, one of them to this effect, that no man should be elected to Congress this fall who failed to openly declare himself in favor of this proposed legislation. The other resolution demanded that the people of this country should have the best, the most extended and the cheapest parcels post in the world. Gentlemen, it seems to me the least you can do on this occasion, if you would have regard for your own interests and for the interests of your friends and of the general public, would be to pass these or similar reso- lutions. One thing more. The Universal Postal Congress at Rome, which has recently adjourned, increased the weight unit of foreign letters from a half ounce to an ounce. This recalls to my mind the fact that on the oc- casion of the Queen's Jubilee, in June, 1897, the British Government ex- tended the weight unit of the English penny letter post from one ounce to four ounces, making the letter rate two cents on a four ounce letter and one cent for each additional two ounces. This proposition would espe- cially appeal to the florists, for it would enable them to send out a letter and bill and their merchandise all in the same parcel. 44 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION Now, then, I hope you will endorse this proposition today for the consolidation of third and fourth-class mail matter, and I trust that it will also be endorsed by the gentleman, who, I understand, is to be nominated for Congress from this district, the Hon. Judge McCann, of Dayton. There is to my mind no department of a civilized government that can be made of such infinite value to the people as the post oftice. The service comes to every man's home. We ought to have a free rural ser- vice that would do all the transportation on the rural route. With such a service at reasonable rates there would be no postal deficiency today. Such a service, I estimate, would be worth to the four million families upon our rural routes at least one hundred million dollars, while it would elimi- nate the postal deficiency. Twenty-five dollars a year per family would be a very low estimate for a rural service carrying persons at ten cents a trip and carrying parcels of mail matter in one class at rates, say of a pound parcel for a cent, a parcel of from one pound to eleven pounds for a nickel, from eleven pounds to thirty pounds for a dime, over thirty pounds to sixty pounds for fifteen cents, over sixty pounds to a hundred pounds for twenty cents, ajid over one hundred to two hundred pounds for twenty - five cents. I suppose I have taken up altogether too much time, but I leave this one thought with you. The post office of this country is the citadel of American liberty, it is the hope of American industry. Mr. Benjamin Hammond inquired of the speaker as to the British letter rate. Mr. Cowles replied that the present English letter rate is two cents on a four ounce letter and one cent for each additional two ounces. He continued: It is an interesting fact that today a New Zealander's two-cent letter is distributed without extra charge in this country, whereas an American is taxed five cents on his reply. New Zealand opened the twentieth cen- tury by offering a two-cent letter rate for all the world, and today a hun- dred different postal administrations are accepting and distributing her two-cent letters without surcharge. Under our present laws President Roosevelt has absolute control of our foreign service and could decree a two-cents-an-ounce letter rate to all the world tomorrow. Our foreign two-cent letters would then be distributed as freely throughout the world as are those of New Zealand. The American Federation of Labor and the National Grange have both endorsed our proposition for the consoli- dation of third and fourth-class mail matter at the third-class rate, eight SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 45 cents a pound. In closing I repeat that the post office is the one depart- ment of our government the extension and development of which can do most for the prosperity and advancement of our people. (Applause.) Mr. Wm. Scott: I think the gentleman struck the key-note in urging us to interview our congressmen and find which way they are going to vote. Perhaps we could act more intelligently if he would tell us whom to vote for, a Democrat or a Republican. Mr. Cowles: It is immaterial whether he is a Democrat or a Repub- lican. Ask him how he will act on the postal question. Gentlemen, for many years past, the State of Ohio has led in this land. Now I say let Ohio lead in making the post office the first department in the Govern- ment. I have two resolutions here upon which I would like to have a vote. Mr. J. T. D. Fulmer of Des Moines, Iowa: Mr. President, I am not here to defend Senator Depew, I am not here to defend the other senator mentioned by the gentleman; neither am I here to make a political speech. This Society of American Florists has once decided that no gentleman should address its meeting unless he was a member thereof. ]\lr. Wm. F. Gude: The gentleman is out of order. Mr. Cowles was asked to address the convention, and nobody objected. President Kasting: Mr. Fulmer is out of order. The Chair asked if anybody objected, and, no objection being made, he therefore ruled that Mr. Cowles had the privilege of the floor. Mr. Fulmer then inquired whether the Chair had not an- nounced yesterday that the postal question would be taken up on Wednesday evening. President Kasting replied that his announcement, in regard to Wednesday evening, was that the president's address and the private-gardener question would be considered then. (Repeated calls were here made for a vote.) The convention accordingly proceeded to vote upon the pending motion by Mr. Wallace, that the report of Mr. Pierson be accepted and the committee continued. 46 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION Adopted without objection. Mr. J. C. Vaughan: Inasmuch as we have heard Mr. Cowles and many of the members may be prepared to vote upon his resohitions, I suggest that we hear the resohitions if they are not longer than, say, thirty words. Mr. Cowles: They are not much longer. I will read them. President Kasting: Is there any objection to the gentleman reading the resolutions? (No response.) There is no objection. Mr. Cowles read as follows: "Resolved, That the people of the United States should have the most extended, the most efficient and the cheapest parcels post in the world. "Resolved, That the resolution (H. R. 4549), for the consolidation of third and fourth-class mail matter at the third-class rate, should be en- acted into law before the close of the coming session of Congress." Mr. A'aiighan called attention to the fact that a committee of the S. A. F. on this subject had been working to secure the mailing of catalogues at pound rates, and he thought the resolu- tions now offered should be properly considered by that com- mittee before being voted upon. Mr. Benj. Hammond, a member of the committee (being called upon by the Chair), said: The committee on postal and other matters had a conference at Wash- ington with representatives of the nurserymen and seedmen. Mr. Pierson was appointed chairman of the joint committee, Mr. Page being present from the seedsmen and Mr. Kelsey. of Boston, representing the nursery- men. Nothing came before us in the way of a movement to go before the proper authorities and present anything of a tangible character looking to the carrying out of what is proposed in the resolution now ofifered. I have in my pocket a letter from Mr. Pierson to the effect that he regards it as doubtful that he can get a hearing before Congress at present to help the movement for the carrying of packages by mail at more reasonable rates. He is not here nor is Mr. Valentine of Denver, the other member, present at this time. As our committee is constituted, with one member in the extreme West and- the other two close to the East, it is not such a SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 47 working committee as it should be; that is to say. the committee might with advantage be enlarged from three to five or even to a greater number of representative men who would have the time to take active steps in this matter. It is far more effective for the carrying through of legislation to have a representative body of suf^cient size to make the importance of the organization they represent felt at Washington. Now we have had an instance of a downright snubbing of this so- ciety in the manner in which our secretary was treated by the manager of the United States Express Company, in New Jersey, when our secretary applied to him to know if it was possible to get better rates than that company was giving in that State. No response whatever was made. I hold that a manager of a public transportation company, which is a com- mon carrier, who has not sufTficient common-sense politeness to answer the inquiry of a representative of a body such as our own, in a matter vitally afifecting our interests, is a man who is not fit for his position. Such an of^cial would not be tolerated even as the head of a hospital be- cause, when a case is presented in that institution, whether it be that of a black man or a white man, of a person who cannot speak English or an American, the executive head must respond promptly and cordially. When a manager of an express company declines to spend two cents in postage for a reply to an inquiry afifecting people in our industry, not only those in New Jersey, but throughout the country, it is time for this organiza- tion, in its collective capacity, to bring to bear whatever influence it pos- sesses upon the proper department of the Government, whether the Inter- state Commerce Commission or the post office, that that corporation may be taught that as a common carrier it owes a duty to the public and that, if it cannot meet a reasonable demand for efficient service, its managers must make an explanation that will be satisfactory to intelligent people. At present we are paying in the United States, all sorts of rates for transportation. You send a diary through the mail and you pay two cents; you send a blank book and you pay one cent for double the weight of the other, and so it goes. I believe that the first step toward bettering present conditions would be to pass what seems to me to be a very com.- mon-sense resolution declaring it favor of uniting the third and fourth- class services under one head. Just how this could be done of course I do not know, but I do know that if you sit still and do nothing you will get nothing done. (Applause). Mr. Wm. Scott: Mr. President, this is a highly important and in- teresting discussion, and I have drawn up here a resolution embodying the sentiment which has been expressed. It is as follows: ''Resolved, That the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists as- sembled in annual convention at Dayton, Ohio, endorse by unanimous 48 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION vote the pending postal bill before the Houses of Congress (H. R. 4549), consolidating the third and fourth-class mail matter at the third-class rate. Mr. Alex. Wallace seconded the resolution. The discussion here ended and, a vote being taken, the reso- hition of Mr. Scott was carried unanimously. On motion of Mr. E. \\ Hallock, of New York City, the thanks of the convention were voted to Mr. Cowles for his able exposition of the condition of postal afifairs; and it was ordered that the same be recorded in the proceedings. ENTERTAINMENT. President J. B. Heiss, of the Dayton Florists' Club, an- nounced, for general information, that, at the visit to the Soldiers' Home, on Friday afternoon, the society would be honored by an official recognition by a representative of the Federal Gov- ernment, General Thomas, the Governor of the Home. He also announced that the wonderful electric illumination at Far Hills, which had been postponed on the previous evening on account of the rain, would probably be given on Thursday evening, when the members and their ladies were invited to be present. TO MEET AT PHILADELPHIA IN 1907. The selection of a meeting place for the convention in 1907 was the next business. Secretary Stewart said: Among the invitations received there are some from officials of Convention Leagues, couched in the usual language; and possibly time may be saved by reading them only by their titles. The secretary, however, would be glad to read in full any invitation which may be called for. The first of these is from the Hotel Victory, at Put-in-Bay, Ohio, telling of the advantages of that beautiful spot. The next is from the Director of the Atlantic City Bureau of Information and Publicity. The next is from the Chicago Commercial Association Convention Bureau SOCTKTY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 49 Division, signed by the Secretary and General Manager of the Bureau, Mr. C. M. Sweet. The next is from the City of Niagara Falls— two from the Bureau of Publicity and one from the Mayor of the City — which latter, I think, it would only be proper courtesy to read. The invitation was here read at length. The remainder are from the vicinity of the proposed Jamestown Ex- position, viz.: One from Secretary W. G. Blitz, of the Retail Merchants' Association of Norfolk; two from R. M. Sexton, Chief of the Bureau of Congresses and Special Events of the Exposition Company; one from Manager H. M. Castle of the Hotel Bureau of the Exposition Company; one from J. Sinclair of the Jamestown Hotel Corporation; one from the Norfolk Convention League; one from the Board of Trade and Business Men's Association of Norfolk; and one from the Norfolk Horticultural and Pomological Association, the latter being signed by J. L. Babcock, President. (An invitation from the Board of Trade of Saginaw, Mich., was received too late for presentation.) Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, called attention to the presence of the Mayor of Niagara Falls, and asked that that gentleman be permitted to present the claims of that city. On motion of Mr. Robt. Craig, of Philadelphia, an invitation was extended accordingly. Hon. O. W. Cutler, Mayor of Niagara Falls, addressed the convention. He detailed the superior advantages of that city as a convention point, its eligible location and accessibility at cheap railroad rates, its comfortable and modern hotels and their rea- sonable charges, its moderate hack and carriage rates regulated by law, its excellent restaurants. He narrated instances of prompt and severe punishment of hackmen for making extortion- ate charges. He also spoke of the cool, salubrious climate at the Falls, "nature's beauty spot," situated between two great lakes. He hoped that those of his hearers w^ho had been there on their wedding trips would return to live over those blissful hours 50 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION and that the voung people would avail themselves of the fascina- tion of a walk down to Inspiration Point. (Applause.) Mr. Phil. J. Foley favored Niagara Falls and humorously depicted its superior attractions. Mr. Robt. Craig, of Philadelphia, extended an invitation on behalf of that city. He said: It must be gratifying to all of you to have such cordial invitations from'so many different places. It speaks well for the importance of the society. We are recognized now as amounting to something; and wher- ever we may decide to go, I hope the next convention will be the largest and best in the history of the society. At the last meeting of the Florist Club of Philadelphia (which, by the way, is the first florist club in this country, the members of which have been identified with this society since its birth, and the S. A. F. has many earnest and warm friends down there, as you all know), I was requested by a unanimous vote of that club to invite the Society of American Flor- ists to make Philadelphia the meeting place next year. Many people think Philadelphia is a very slow place. The last time I was in New York City I dropped in to see Aleck McConnell, whom you all know; and he said, "I want to tell you a story. There was an Irishman in my neighborhood who was taken very ill, so ill that they had to send for the doctor; and when the doctor came and made an investigation, the man's wife asked. 'What's the matter with him?' The doctor replied, 'He is suffering from a slow fever.' She responded, T don't wonder at it — he was working down in Philadelphia for three weeks.' " (Merriment). That is what I get as a steady diet when I go to New York. But I want the New York people to think of what they owe to Philadelphia. Where would they have been if we hadn't sent over John Wanamaker to show them how to keep shop ? They would have been riding in their old horse cars yet if the Philadelphia syndicate hadn't gone over there and given them trolley service. What did they know about keeping a hotel in New York until George Boldt went over from Philadelphia and organized the Waldorf-Astoria and got them all going? These are historical facts, gentlemen. What is Philadelphia doing for New York today? What is the Penn- sylvania Railroad doing? Tunneling both rivers for them. Every florist on Long Island knows that his property has been doubled in value by Philadelphia enterprise'. We have helped them in every way. Didn't we send Bishop Potter over there, one of the leading thinkers, whose thoughts are read and whose suggestions are considered all over the world? Think SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 51 of a Bishop starting a tavern in New York. Was there anything slow about that? (Merriment). Now, gentlemen, I know that I must not detain you too long, but just bear with me while I say, a word for Philadelphia. There are many grounds on which we may invite the people of America to come to Phila- delphia. In that town the Nation was born; in little, unpretentious Car- penter's Hall was framed that great document which started the greatest nation that the world has ever known. In Philadelphia the Liberty Bell announced the birth of that nation. It was in Philadelphia that our flag, "Old Glory," Vv'as first unfurled. Do not forget that glorious past and do not forget that this Nation was born in Philadelphia. So much for asking you to come there on patriotic grounds. You can see there the old Revolutionary relics, and not only will your patriotism be stimulated there but every business man will find himself benefited by coming there and studying our great industrial organizations. Philadelphia is the greatest manufacturing city in the world. There we have the Bald- win Locomotive Works, which have made Philadelphia known wherever a civilized nation is known. There we have the United States Mint, great factories of all kinds; and business men can go there on business errands and spend a few days profitably. And on horticultural grounds, too, we have something to show there. Some of the best commercial establishments in this country are in Phila- delphia and close to it (for it is only a short distance to those great horti- cultural sites at Washington and New York), and a visit to those three cities is well worth a trip to all western people. We have a park that is becoming more beautiful year by year. Some of the plantings there, made by the late Charles H. Miller, are now coming to fullest perfection. It is twenty years since the convention was in Philadelphia. Now, we want you to come down there and see how the city has grown, to sec how our park has developed; and to take a ride alone the Wissahickon, one of the most romantic and beautiful drives in the world. We think you will not regret coming. We have facilities for the exhibition. You can have the free use of Horticultural Hall and not only of that but the adjoining building, the Academy of Music, which can be connected with it; there being a very large exhibition hall which will accommodate any ex- hibition that the society may want to make. In talking with the New York growers about an exhibition next year if the convention should come to Philadelphia many of them said to me, "We would be pleased to take over samples of our newest and best things." I think that when you con- sider all the advantages of Philadelphia, notwithstanding these eloquent appeals from other places, you will conclude that on the whole you can- not do better than come there. 52 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION ]\Ir. John Westcott, of Philadelphia, seconded Mr. Craig's invitation. He said that Philadelphia had been spoken of as a warm place but that he thanked the Lord it had a lot of warm- hearted men and women. They extended to the convention the open hand; they asked it to come and they meant what they said. Philadelphia had no "Inspiration Point" such as the Mayor of Niagara Falls boasted of for his city but it had a beautiful Park ' with romantic little streams meandering through it and with what was called "Lover's Lane." Young folks who took a walk through that Lane might have cause never to forget Philadelphia. (Merriment). He said the city could no longer be objected to because it did not have good water. Its filtration plant was now about being completed, visitors would be treated to the finest filtered water in the world and, if not satisfied with that, they could even have something in it. (Renewed merriment). He asked the gentlemen to come and bring the ladies but he partic- ularly wanted the ladies to come because he said he knew the gentlemen would come with them. (Applause). Secretary Stewart here read the names of all the places from which invitations had come but which had not been nominated, viz; Norfolk, Va.; Chicago: Atlantic City; and Put-in-Bay. Messrs. Wm. F. Gude and H. C. Irish expressed regret that Norfolk and Jamestown, Va., had no personal representative and asked that their invitations be borne in mind. The convention proceeded to vote upon the choice of a meeting place, and the Chair appointed Messrs. John Westcott, of Philadelphia, and Philip J. Foley, of Chicago, as tellers to col- lect the ballots. Mr. Westcott, in some humorous remarks, asked to be excused because of his personal interest in the result. His request was complied with and Mr. Leo Niessen, of Philadel- phia, was substituted. At a subsequent stage of the morning session the tellers reported the following as the result of the balloting: Norfolk, SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 53 Va., i; Chicago, i; Jamestown, Va., i; Niagara Falls, loi ; Phil- adelphia, 131. The Chair accordingly announced that Philadelphia had been selected and predicted that the convention would have a good time there. NOMINATION OF OFFICERS. The convention proceeded to the nomination of officers for the ensuing year, the first being for the office of President. Col. W. W. Castle, of Boston, addressed the president and members as follows: I have a very pleasurable duty to perform, a duty that is assigned to me by the friends of a gentleman whom they desire to be advanced to the honorable position of President of this Society. They come from New- England, with its old rock-ribbed shores and vine-clad hills, and offer this gentleman's name for your suffrages. I have listened with much satisfac- tion to the discussion as to the proper place in which to hold our next meeting; and the thought came to me, with reference to the gentleman whose name I propose to offer to you, that it might be applicable to the old song that the troopers of Bonnie Dundee sang, three hundred years ago, as they came over the borders, when we say to you "There are hills beyond Pentland, There are firths beyond Forth; If there's lairds in the Southland, There's chiels in the North." And we present our chiel — our chiel from New England, a man who is not unknown to any of you, a man whose incomings and outgoings you have known for nineteen long years. You have studied his unflagging zeal; you have seen his untiring energy as an officer of this society; you have, all of 3'ou, at some time or other, experienced his magnificent, genial personality. He has served you, as I have said, faithfully, honestly and industriously for nineteen long years; and his friends desire me to ask your suffrages for him for the honorable position of President of this Society of American Florists that you may give to him that salutation dearest to the ear of a • faithful employe, "Well done, good and faithful servant." 54 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION Mr. President, it affords me profound satisfaction, and I deem it an honor, to be able to present for your suffrages the name of Secretary Wm. J. Stewart of Boston. (Cheers). Air. E. G. Gillett of Cincinnati: It gives me great pleasure to second the nomination of Mr. Stewart. The eloquent gentleman who has just spoken has perhaps expressed the sentiment of all present, in naming Mr. Stewart for President of this Society for the next year. The experience which that gentleman has gained in the last nineteen years will be of great advantage to the incoming secretary. Mr. Phil. Breitmeyer of Detroit: I concur heartily in all that Col. Castle has said in behalf of Mr. Stewart as our choice for President. I hope there will be no other nomination for the office and that Mr. Stewart will be elected unanimously. On motion of Mr. Wm. F. Gude, of Washington, D. C, nominations for president here closed with but one candidate. Nominations for Vice-President being next in order, President Kasting said: It is customary to defer this nomination until after the next meeting place has been selected. (Note. — Subsequently, after Philadelphia has been chosen as the meeting place in 1907. the following nominations were made.) Mr. E. G. Hill: I take great pleasure in riominating, for Vice-Presi- dent, Mr. Leo Niessen, of Philadelphia, a young man full of energy, tact and good management. I know he will take care of the Vice-President's office in great shape. Mr. Wm. F. Gude: I nominate Mr. John Westcott of Philadelphia. Mr. W. W. Coles of Kokomo, Ind.: I have very great pleasure in seconding the nomination of Mr. Westcott. whom we all know. His whole heart is in the society and always has been. Mr. John Westcott: Mr. President, I thank the gentlemen kindly but, as they know, I am only "one of the boys." When it comes to a shooting contest or bowHng or anything of that kind I am along with them (my heart is down at the bowling alleys now); but I cannot accept the honor SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 55 of this nomination. I decline in favor of a young man, Mr. S. S; Pen- nock, a son of my old partner, who as Vice-President would do an im- mense amount of good for the society. I nominate that gentleman. Mr. Leo Niessen: I withdraw in favor of Mr. Pennock. Mr. Geo. C. Watson, of Philadelphia, said that Mr. West- cott was the choice of the Philadelphia delegation; that that gentleman had been a wheel-horse for twenty years in the society without having been given any recognition in an official position; and that now, when his friends asked him to carry the banner of the society next year, at Philadelphia, he ought not to deny them the pleasure of honoring him to that extent. Mr. Watson added that he was sure that Mr. Pennock, if present, would withdraw in deference to the wishes of the Philadelphians; and he hoped that Mr. Westcott, upon reflection, would permit his own nomi- nation to stand. Mr. Westcott reiterated his decHnation. He said he would always be found a willing and earnest worker for the society but he W'anted to see a younger element brought to the front and new life instilled into the organization. He then went on to urge the choice of Mr. Pennock. Mr. Lonsdale seconded Mr. Pennock's nomination. President Kasting announced that Messrs. Westcott, Pen- nock and Niessen had been nominated. On motion of Mr. C. W. Turnley, the nominations closed. The next office was that of Secretary. Mr. Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, said that this was the most im- portant and arduous office in the gift of the society, one which demanded almost all the time and attention of the officer. He regretted that the services of its veteran incumbent were to be lost, and he doubted that anv successor of Mr. Stewart would 56 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION serve longer or with more efficiency and fidelity than that gentle- man. He then nominated Mr. H. M. Altick, of Dayton, Ohio, as a gentleman whose ability, integrity and sterling worth emi- nently fitted him for the Secretaryship. Yi-T. W^m. F. Gude said he appreciated the high honor of being selected to nominate an active, hard working, genial gen- tleman, one well known in the ranks of the florists throughout the United States, who would honor the society in any position — ]\Ir. Phil. J. Hauswirth, of Chicago. (Cheers.) He continued: I am sure that if the members will pause to reflect they will recognize that no man in our entire organization is more competent to fill the bill or better equipped to make the Secretary's office efficient than our own Phil. Hauswirth. (Applause). ]\lr. Fred E. Palmer, of Brookline, Mass., seconded the nomi- nation of Mr. Altick who, he said, he knew to be tried and true and to have rendered faithful services to the society, particularly in the matter of the AIcKinley ^Memorial. ]\Ir. P. J. Foley, of Chicago, spoke for the Chicago delega- tion in favor of Mr, Hauswirth who, he said, was the President of the Florists' Club of that city and had always been found at the front, with his coat oi¥, when there was work for the Chicago brethren to do. He explained that recently, in the San Francisco catastrophe, $35,000 were placed in the hands of that gentleman, without a bond, by the Order of Red Men, of which Mr. Haus- wirth is a member, to take to that city and distribute it. He said that in that instance, as in other like instances, Mr. Haus- wirth had demonstrated that he deserved the confidence of those who knew him best. Mr. L C. Bertermann, of Indianapolis, expressed the opinion that Mr. Hauswirth's honorable business record would remove all doubt as to the outcome and would assure his election. Mr. J. F. Ammann, of Edwardsville, 111., said that in behalf SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 57 of the great prairie State of Illinois he joined heartily in second- ing the nomination of his worthy and wide-awake fellow crafts- man, Phil. J. Hanswirth, who had always been to the front for the benefit of the craft. On motion of Air. Benj. Hammond the nominations for Secretary closed. For the office of Treasurer, Mr. W. W. Coles nominated Treasurer H. B. Beatty for re-election. No other candidate was named. President Kasting gave notice that the election would take place on the following morning and that the polls would open at ten o'clock. AMENDMENT TO BY-LAWS. ELECTION POLLS TO BE OPEN ONE HOUR. The convention took up the report of the Executive Board recommending amendments to the Constitution and By-laws, to limit the time for the election of officers to one hour instead of two hours, and to provide for second and third ballots if neces- sary. The text of the amendments was as follows: "Article II, section 2, to be amended by striking out in paragraph (d) the words '12 o'clock noon' and inserting "ii A. M.' " The following to be added to paragraph (d): 'Tn case of failure to elect on first ballot, the president shall order a new ballot immediately, polls to remain open one hour; should this ballot fail to elect, the presi- dent shall order a third ballot, polls to remain open one hour; this ballot shall be limited to the two candidates receiving the highest vote on pre- ceding ballot." ]Mr. T. G. Esler moved to a.mend the first amendment by 58 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION adding thereto the words, "or until all legal voters in line at that time shall have an opportunity to cast their votes." He also moved to amend the second amendment by striking out the provisions for a third ballot as unnecessary. (Note. — Mr, Esler's second amendment was subsequently withdrawn by him and therefore was not acted upon.) President Kasting said that Mr. Esler's amendment had not been submitted to the society at a previous meeting, as required by Article X of the By-laws. Mr. Esler explained that what he proposed was merely a modification of an amendment of which notice had been given, and that therefore it was in order. Mr. H. B. Beatty and Mr. W. H. Elliott explained that mem- bers who were in line at eleven o'clock would have a right to vote before the closing of the polls, and therefore Mr. Esler's amendment was unnecessary. The convention proceeded to vote, whereupon Mr. Esler's amendment to the amendment reported by the Executive Board was agreed to with a few dissenting votes. The amendments as thus amended were then voted upon and adopted. SYMPATHY WITH EX-PRESIDENT O'MARA. Mr. Wm. Scott announced that Ex-President Patrick O'Mara, of Ne>v York, who had been selected to respond to the opening address of welcome, but who had been unable to be present, had been detained at home by the recent death of his brother. On motion of 'Mr Scott it was ordered that a telegram of sympathy be sent to Mr. O'Mara. J SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 59 The President requested the secretary to send a telegram accordingly. TEACHING HORTICULTURE IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. President Kasting stated that at the last meeting of the Executive Committee the subject of teaching horticulture in the public schools had been referred to Mr. Hallock of New York City, and that that gentleman was now ready to address the con- vention upon it. Mr. E. V. Hallock, of New York City, upon being invited to the platform, addressed the convention and also read the report of the committee on the subject. His address was as follows: Great Need of Standardizing and Centralizing the Controlling Power. After careful research and study of reports and methods now in vogue, we wish particularly to call your attention to two matters: first, the absence of text-books in all the present methods of teaching horticul- ture, and second, the lack of concerted action among the different asso- ciations conducting that work, be they civic, philanthropic, or educational. This state of affairs we consider fortunate. The first because it does not require any great preparation, and makes possible the starting of an S. A. F. method sooner than it cculd otherwise be started, since no elaborate system of text-books is essential. The second, inasmuch as individual per- sons and organizations have accomplished so much and demonstrated so thoroughly that the interest of the people is already all that could be de- sired that we feel confident if this work can be placed upon a methodical, systematic, concerted plan — in other words, if the entire school system of horticulture can be standardized suitably for each grade of school, sug- gested by the S. A. F. and adopted by the different boards of education— we see no reason why this teaching of horticulture should not cover the entire land in a few years. In all the methods of teaching by the different organizations at pres- ent, we find no text-books are given to the pupils. Leaflets are compiled and issued to the teachers and also to pupils, in some cases by the boards of education, for the guidance and help of each. 60 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION Leaflets. — These leaflets of instruction for the use of teachers should emanate from a committee of the S. A. F. They should be placed in the hands of the State Board of Education who will attend to distributing the different grades of leaflets to the different grades of schools; namely the rural common schools, the union and high schools, and the primary and grammar grades, compiled with special reference to the conditions pre- vailing in each grade. We also suggest, for schools that have becom.e somewhat advanced in garden work, and for pupils that have shown interest, that leaflets and small, simple pamphlets be prepared, containing plain illustrations of flowers, giving the botanical parts, also botanical names of the common trees, plants and flowers, and others giving simple explanations of what is meant by "annuals," '"biennial," "hardy," "perennial," and other matters that are met with in every-day life. Even these simple leaflets and pamph- lets are not to be given out to the pupils until they show sufficient interest in their work. This plan can be elaborated as conditions seem to require. Need of Standardizing. On careful perusal of all documents and reports that we could obtain we find no two schools or organizations conducting their garden-work on the same lines, but each pursuing their work according to their own ideas, and as seems best to them. Great good has undoubtedly come from these disunited efforts, but greater good will undoubtedly come from concerted action, emanating from some central authority, thoroughly standardizing their work. We have suggested dividing the schools into three classes, so that we can better meet the conditions and environment known to exist in schools of each class. In this case, we should issue three series of leaflets of in- structions, diagrams, and routine work. The latter could be taken largely from the methods now in force in the various school-gardens. Instructions to Teachers. Uesides placing the leaflets and pamphlets in the hands of the difrer- ent teachers, we suggest that one of the trustees should familiarize himself with the proposed methods, using some of the fuller reports of some of the specially conducted schools of this nature, to get a general idea of how the plots are laid out and cared for near the schools, or plots loaned oy people at a little distance from the school and the home-garden. If no trustee feels equal or unequal to this simple task, he could easily call to his assistance a florist, a market-gardener, or even a good farmer SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 61 in the community to help start the work. If the teachers lack in knowledge of any particular subject, they should be given to understand that they could call upon the trustee who would find a person competent to explain. A Committee of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society comments very favorably on the system of children's home gardens, stating that the Society first offered three prizes, then ten, and were much surprised when they received over two hundred entries for the ten awards. The Committee visited the home-gardens as far as possible, and found it was very en- couraging to the children to do so. They state: "We still feel the chil- dren's home-garden movement is a very important one." This committee also gives prizes in connection with the home-garden system for best re- ports of work for the year. Your Committee, in view of the reports on these methods, suggest as an intermediate plan, where conditions seem to favor the method, a Dem- onstration Plot in the school-grounds, where the teacher can fully demon- strate with each pupil the preparation of the soil, the application of fer- tilizers, and the planting of each kind of seed, both of vegetable and flowers. By this means, the depth and distance of planting seed of the standard kinds can be easily learned by the pupils. The Demonstration Plot could be used throughout the season for simple talks, during the growth of the plants, even to the method of killing potato-bugs. The object of this Demonstration Plot is that it may be used in connection with the children's home-garden system. All instruction and knowledge, as it were, which the children carry home to use in their gar- dens, will come from this plot. State Teachers. The State might employ a few experienced garden directors or teach- ers to visit as many schools during the year as practicable. Schools should be able to call for this special aid where the subject is not sui^ciently un- derstood. The Committee on School Gardens of the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society, after investigation says: "The great lesson learned was that children's gardens are successfully carried on when under the leader- ship of an experienced director or teacher. No matter how enthusiastically the work is undertaken, without a proper understanding of gardening it is usually a failure." The same Committee says: "There is a crying need for an institution in this State similar to that at Hartford, Conn., where school garden work can be taught." In the course of time this study could be added to the curriculum of all normal schools, as it already belongs to that of several, these schools to furnish teachers wuth sufficient knowledge of the subject to follow the methods laid down. 62 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION Lectures. In educational matter of the present day, be it ever so low or so high. much instruction is imparted to the pupils by lectures and talks. In the rural schools it is not absolutely necessary that the talks or lectures should be given at specified periods. They could be worked in at times best suited to the convenience of the teacher. At most of these lectures, the teacher should have one or two potted plants or some flowers, and some varieties of the common seeds; and it would not take any great length of time, not more than a year or two, perhaps, to make most of the pupils familiar with the treatment of the common and most useful plants. Appropriations for Carrying on the Work. In the matter of appropriations, all the different kinds of school- garden work derive their financial aid from different sources, which is of necessity a varying and somewhat uncertain amount. For carrying on this work, we want a certain appropriation for each grade of school. By way of illustration, but not a suggestion, we would say five dollars each for the rural schools, ten for the primary and grammar schools, and twenty for the union and high schools. We confidently believe that even an amount as small as this would be felt in a community, but we feel that by correlating garden work with other studies, the different boards of education would appropriate a larger sum. But what must be made plain is that the appropriation should be a fixed factor in the expense of conducting the schools. Children's Garden Conferences. At least once a year there should be a public meeting in the form of a conference, where all persons interested should be invited to come and make suggestions, and lend their aid to this movement. The children should have a chance to talk a little on their ideas and work. At a Children's Garden Conference, December 2. 1905, under auspices of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, seven ten-minute addresses were called for to give opportunity for discussion. A unique feature of this meeting was a model garden-bed. illustrated by a practical exercise by a boy gardener and teacher. This conference brought together many people interested, and proved a great success in more ways than one. At meetings of this kind, questions of civic government and general betterment of surroundings could be discussed. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 63 Relation of School-Gardens to Experiment Stations and Agricultural Colleges. To some it may appear that the experiment stations and agricultural colleges conflict or compete with our movement. This is not the case. We should be content to call ourselves the common soldiers of this common cause, and we should be also content to be officered by experts from those institutions. They commence at the top and work down. We are com- mencing at the bottom and will work up. We wish to call on those insti- tutions for lecturers, demonstrators, and instructors. We can work hand in hand with them, and we probably could not succeed without them. Summary and Recommendations. Your Committee now believes the work can be taken up with the end plainly in view. Whether it is on the exact lines laid down in this report, or better ideas from the succeeding Committee, is of little consequence. We have, available, so many detailed reports of the workings of the various associations taking up the matter of school-gardens, so much data and so many working plans, a Committee should be able to proceed with their duties understandingly. But we must be doubly sure of the ground we take. We cannot aflford to make many mistakes at the outset or on fundamental lines. Our work must be humanitarian, logical, and in a manner to interest. Our progress must be slow and sure. Our motives are altruistic and must remain so, or our efiforts will fail. Neither this Association nor any other Association has any selfish motive concealed. No person or persons will have any advantages over any other person or persons. We shall work in an open field. In the advance- ment of Horticulture we are sure to prosper and added wealth and com- fort will accrue to the individual, and community, the State, and the Nation. When the time comes, and we ask of the State a recognition in the matter of school appropriations, let us do so with the consciousness of a righteous cause, and a knowledge that not one penny will be diverted from its proper use. We believe it possible that some of the money now appro- priated by the Agricultural Department for distributing the commonest seeds can be diverted to the boards of education of the different States, for the purpose of school-gardens. Finally your Committee recommends that a new Committee of five be appointed by the Executive Committee, the President and Vice-President of this Society to carry on the work as laid down in the report of you'- 64 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION first Committee, or on any other lines they deem best. And that they hi authorized to spend a sum not to exceed one hundred dollars for preparing leaflets, diagrams, routine instructions, etc., during the coming year. President Kasting invited discussion and remarked that the committee on the subject were to be congratulated upon the hard work they had done since the meeting of the Executive Committee. Mr. Alex. Wallace, of New York City, a member of the committee, said the committee endorsed yir. Hallock's state- ments. Mr. Wm. Scott: Before moving a vote of thanks to Mr. Hallock for his very able address, which we have all enjoyed, I would like to say that as soon as I saw by the program that this subject would be taken up here I went to several of our Buffalo school principals. I called first to ser Mr. Emerson, the Superintendent of Education of Buffalo, but unfortu- nately he was absent on his summer vacation. I was recommended then to go to school No. 31, which happened to be a large one, having a daily attendance of 2,000 children. But wherever I went I found that the people who should have been posted on the subject had one argument and that was that horticulture ought not to be injected into the school studies be- cause the children already had all the studies they could acquire and that to work the brain more would be detrimental to the physical health. Prof. DeGrofT said that very little could be done unless the teachers themselves were much better posted in horticulture than they now are. He told me of his experience with a teacher. He asked her if she knew how to sow seed. Her reply was, "Oh. yes. of course; I learned that years ago." He asked her to give him a demonstration, and this she agreed to do. The next morning she brought a sharp knife, scooped out a little hole about three inches deep and placed lettuce seed in the bottom of the hole. I don't suppose she ever saw any results from that planting. This professor was such an enthusiast in horticulture that he rented a piece of vacant property opposite the school, at his own expense. Let me say here that, if that is a desirable plan for teaching horticulture, I think you wall find many philanthropic people who will be glad to give you a lot of ground to be used for that purpose. He bought some manure and told the boys they were expected to dig up that lot. They came there for a day or two with picks and shovels and crowbars, and very soon had the surface torn up. He then allotted to each class a certain plot of ground, say 10 by 20, and placed a member of each grade in charge of it. The children were to do SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 65 all the work. The result was that he had the place in a fair degree of cul- tivation in about six months after acquiring the lot. Now. if by teaching them the art. our boys and girls are led to ac- quire a love of horticulture, it is most desirable that they should be taught in whatever way may be possible. Our high schools have what are known as "Field Days," and I think they are very beneficial. The practice is for a teacher who is proficient in horticulture to go out with the students for a half dozen miles in the country, and there the children get a knowledge of the natural process. 1 endorse all that Mr. Hallock has said and I hope the society will bear in mind all his recommendations. Mr. E. G. Hill: Mr. President, the hour is late and I have received notice that I was expected to say something on this question, but I will not detain you more than a minute. The artistic and ethical spirit is abroad in the land, and the teachers of the country are in unison with the senti- ment which has been inculcated by the civic improvement societies and by the people who are attempting to beautify homes and villages. Now, the question before us is, how can we best crystallize this spirit and make it effective for good. This committee has done splendid service, and I am sure we should give Mr. Hallock a vote of thanks for the very able sugges- tions he has presented in his paper. I thought, last night, while looking at the stereopticon views in the Cash Register Company's hall, that if this society could employ some cap- able instructor who would exhibit a series of pictures on canvas before the teachers' institutes and the different Chautauquas of this country, to show those people what could be accomplished, and would explain them to the teachers and to the public, a world of good would be accomplished. I be- lieve the Society of American Florists, if it wished to do so, could take up work in that particular line; for what the teachers need is the instruction. They want to know how to do this work and when to do it. I think that a great proportion of the teachers of the country have entered into this spirit and that all they want is some one to properly instruct them. Now, another thing. I think that we. as florists, have been very re- miss in the past. We should try to get hold of the township trustees who have charge of the district schools, of the trustees in the cities who have charge of our public schools, and try to get them to plant flower-beds and have shrubs and trees that make things beautiful. Wonders could be ac- complished in that line, and a suggestion from the florists would go a great ways with many of those of^cials. A short time ago I was present wdien a young member of your fraternity was asked to talk before a college community. There were three or four hundred young men and w^omen in the meeting. The president of the college said to him, "Tell them how nev varieties originate." The young man stood up and talked to the meeting. 66 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION and I never in my life saw so much interest manifested in any subject. The speaker occupied only fifteen minutes but he could have held the close attention of his audience almost indefinitely. I repeat that the spirit of in- quiry is abroad in the land; that the teachers, the college men, want infor- mation on this subject. It is within our province to supply that want, and it should be our purpose to carry out the plans of this committee. I could go on and talk longer but I must not detain you another minute. Mr. Fred E. Palmer, of Brookline, Mass.: Mr. President, when I saw this subject on the program it decided me to come to this meeting. I appreciate it more highly than any other that could be suggested. For three years, in the town in which I have lived, I have been honored with the responsibility in part of carrying through a scheme for school gardens, and it is one of which we are all now proud. Three years ago a few gen- tlemen realized that much was to be gained by having the school children give some time to garden culture instead of giving all their time to their books. They made up their minds that something should be done and they invited me to serve upon the committee in the town, which is one with a large population and very wealthy, but also, as I found later, very ignorant on matters pertaining to the soil. One of the most formidable obstacles we ran up against was the opposition of the superintendent of schools and the school committees. The superintendent said to me, "This study of horticulture, as far as concerns the natural process, has been a closed book to me; I don't know a thing about the beauties of nature; I deplore the fact that I have to admit it; and I am afraid I shall not give you any great help from a sympathetic point of view." We approached the school committee, the ministers of the church and men of that calibre who were supposed to be students of nature and interested in anything that would elevate the children, but one after another showed the same indiffer- ence to us and in fact antagonism. A reverend doctor said, "Why, you will dirty the children's hands, and the school teachers will have trouble in washing them up." Another man said, "It will take so much from their other studies." We pointed out that there could be included in garden cul- ture many studies that were only half taught at that time — manual train- ing, for instance. We overcame the objections to some extent. Then various other non-essential objections were brought against us. but we struggled along under the difficulties. We succeeded in raising a fund and establishing three hundred individual gardens. We hired a competent teacher and presented her to the school committee for use and guidance by them, thereby placing her under the auspices of the committee so as to give her some authority. They agreed to that arrangement and also agreed, though very reluctantly, to excuse the children from school at certain times. Complaint was then made that we were teaching the chil- dren to bend wire and do other non-essential things. One of the commit- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 67 teemen told us, "Why, you will develop a race of farmers," and he seemctl to regard the term "farmer" as an opprobrious epithet. However, we got through one year. We saw many evidences that the children had come to love this outdoor work. It had a very humaniz- ing efTect upon some of them; and the teachers admitted that the children resumed their studies in-doors with very much more spirit and life after the little recreation. The fact that the children had a love for it encour- aged us and also helped to break down the hard wall of opposition which we had striven against. In the second year we again collected funds and enlarged the scope of our work a little. We begged the school board to study it for the sake of the children, if they could not for their own sakes; and they yielded somewhat to our importunities. The teachers were more sympathetic toward the movement and came down into the gardens. In the meantime we were gathering a small army of boys and girls who could teach others. At the end of the second year we had a very creditable ex- hibition in one of the schools, to which we invited all of the school com- mittee and their friends. A new silver half dollar was given as a reward of merit to each of quite a large number of the children. Flowers and potted plants were collected and displayed in the schools, and others were arrayed on benches. The town of Brookline is in the suburbs of Boston, and the whole movement w^as a new thing there. The school authorities finally began to say to us. ''Why, you have done wonders." Then they inquired of the children as to how they liked it, and the invariable reply was. "Give me a garden." Thus the project was fairly launched, and this year we have had the gratification to find that even our school superintendent, who had pro- tested against it, realized the necessity of coming into line with us. The school committee also recognized that they were behind the times and wero willing to go along with the tide in our favor. This year they have taken over the school garden, made it a part of the school curriculum and sup- plied the necessary funds. We have some very fine gardens. There are 500 individual gardens, in each of which a child can show the fruits of his individual labor. We are to give a show, this year, that will be a surprise. We have shown them how to grow tomatoes and many other things. As I have said, the work has humanized and tamed children who were otherr wise incorrigible. Many of those children have risen at four o'clock in the morning to go to the garden. It is in evidence that there has been the same result all over the country. If the effects have been so beneficial I suggest that we as a society ought to give it a helping hand. Mr. Benj. Hammond, of Fishkill. N. Y.: I have listened with interest to what Mr. Palmer has said. I have been helping to run the school grounds in the place from which I come. If you were to pick out the finest lookinij: place in our village it would be the public school grounds. For eighteen as PROCEEDINGS OF TWEXTV-SECOND CONVENTION years the school has had an area of about one and three-quarter acres well cleared and planted with trees around three sides of it, together with shrubbery and plants. These were selected by Mr. Wallace Gomersall, the superintendent of the Winthrop Sargent estate. The place has become the most beautiful piece of public property that there is in the village of Fishkill Landing; and the effect of that beautification has been felt through- out the village. There was a question at first as to how the school boys were to be kept ofif the grass enclosure, but after I had made an appeal to them there was no trouble from that source. Whenever visitors who come to the village start out for a walk they invariably go direct to the public school or are accompanied there. The people of the town have been ex- ceedingly liberal to us in the appropriations we have asked for year after year. ]\Ir. Hammond argued that the improvement of school grounds in this manner had the effect indirectly of inducing the residents of a village or town to beautify their own home places, whether large or small, and that this inured to the benefit of the local florist or plantsman. Consequently he thought it advis- able, as a business proposition, for the vS. A. F. to encourage the teaching of horticulture in the schools. Air. Wm. F. Gude said it would have been a pleasure to the society foT it to know how much good it had done, at its meeting last year at Washington, toward encouraging school gardening throughout the United States. He spoke of another great step in the same line at the National Capitol in the setting aside of an acre of ground of United States property to enable the Normal school teachers to give their scholars elementary lessons in horti- culture and having those children, in turn, instruct smaller chil- dren in the same way. He thought that the effect of such an example at the National Capitol would be to do more good than could be accomplished by any pamphlets or lectures. He expressed the belief that the education of children in the plant- mg of flowers and plants was doing more good for horticulture than could be accomplished by any other means and that there could be no danger of the business of the plantsman going back- ward. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 69 The discussion here ended. On motion of Mr. Wm. Scott, Mr. Hallock was continued as chairman of the committee and a vote of thanks was tendered to him for his vahiable paper. The committee was continued and, in accordance with Mr. Hallock's suggestion, its number was increased from three to five. President Kasting appointed, as the additional members, Messrs. Fred. E. Palmer, of Brookline, Mass., and Prof. J. F. Cowell, of Bufifalo, N. Y. President Kasting remarked that the Superintendent of School 31 of Buffalo had called his attention to ihustrations of the children's gardens at that and other schools, which had appeared in the Florists' E.rcliangc and which showed what the schools of Buffalo were doing along this line of horticultural instruction. Mr. Alex. Wallace: I woukl state that the pictures to which our president refers have been called for by people in various States throughout the country, showing that there is much interest in school gardens all over the United States at the present day. Adjourned. 70 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION SECOND DAY — EVENING Wednesday evening, Aug. 22, 1906. The convention reassembled at 7.45 o'clock P. M. AWARDS ON THE TRADE EXHIBITS. Mr. Wm. Scott, on behalf of the judges on the exhibits in the exhibition building, presented and read a partial report. (Additions to the report were made at later sessions.) The Report, in full, is as follows: Certificate of Merit. W. F. Kasting, Buffalo, N. Y. Most practical and cheapest Inde- structible Cement Greenhouse Bench. H. A. Dreer, Philadelphia, Pa. Bougainvillea W. K. Harris. High^- commended at Washington, 1905, as Bougainvillea Sanderiana Variegata. Morehead Mfg. Co., Detroit, Mich. The Morehead Trap. J. H. Broxe}^ Dayton, O. The Gem. Considered the best Carnation support to date. King Construction Co., N. Tonawanda, N. Y. New Gutter and Spring Attachment to Ventilator. Lord & Burnham Co.. Irvington. N. Y. Dust-Proof Gear. Herendeen Mfg. Co.. Geneva, N. Y. New Three-piece Sectional Boiler, B. & A. Series. Kroeschell Bros., Chicago, 111. Scale-bearing Shaking Grate. Kroeschell Bros., Chicago, 111. Ideal Chain Wrench. Vaughan's Seed Store. Chicago. Gladiolus Mrs. Frances W. King. Edw. Amerpohl, Janesville, W^is. Nephrolepis Amerpohlii. Very di'i- tinct; one of the best novelties in exhibition. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 71 Arthur Cowee, Berlin, N. Y. Sixteen new gladioli all of great merit, particularly Peace, Nilreb, 605, Scarsdale and Cremilda. Honorable Mention, Wm. Sim, Cliftondale, Mass. For tomatoes of remarkable fertility and uniformity of size and color. Fred Windmiller, Columbus, O. A free-fiowering type of Begonia semperflorens. Lewis Ullrich, Tiffin, O. Zonal Geranium Tiffin, single, scarlet. James Vick's Sons, Rochester. N. Y. Asters, Vick's Violet King and two new varieties of Daybreak color. Hein Support Co.. Connersville, Ind. Carnation support. Storrs & Harrison Co., Painesville, Ohio. Nephrolepis Leedsii. A sport from Piersoni a little more robust than the Tarrytown. Highly Commended. Dayton Supply Co., Dayton, O. Simplicity Spray Pump. A most useful implement. Wertheimer Bros., New York, N. Y. New and original Designs in Ribbon for American Beauty Roses. E. A. Beaven, Evergreen, Ala. Fadeless Sheet Moss. A very useful article. Chemically treated. H. Thaden. Atlanta, Ga. Equalizing Truss. M. Rice & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Novelty adjustable Plant Baskets and Birch Bark Pot Covers. J. Stern & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Magnolia and Cycas Wreaths. S. S. Pennock, Philadelphia, Pa. Pearl Pins and New Ribbon De- signs. H. Bayersdorfer & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Imported Tone Ware of Grecian Effect and other Novelties. Reed & Keller. New York, N. Y. New Forms for Design Work, Baskets. Cycas Holders, etc. Schloss Bros., New York. N. Y. New Ribbon Novelties. G. C. Myers. Dayton. O. The Yankee Hose and Pipe Clamp. 72 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION Dayton Paper Novelty Co.. Dayton, O. Embossed Violet Box of New Design. Lord & Burnham Co., Irvington. X. Y. New Greenhouse Gutter. AWARD OF PRIZES ON LANDSCAPE DESIGNS. Prof. J. F. Cowell, of Buffalo, X. Y., chairman of the com- mittee on the subject, presented and read the report on the land- scape designs submitted in competition for the prizes offered bv the Dayton Ckib. The report was as follows: The committee appointed to examine and report upon the landscape designs submitted in competition for the prizes offered by the Dayton Florists' Club, beg leavje to report: That the problem with which they were confronted was too ill-defined for any intelligent action on their part. A collection of drawings of such diverse character can hardly be consid- ered competitive, and to attempt to award prizes according to schedule would have resulted in stultifying the committee. We found no data to work upon and had no means of knowing how well the requirements of the various propositions have been fulfilled. Had it been simply a ques- tion of rewarding the artistic execution of the plans or the technical skill of the draftsman it would have been easy, but such a plan would not seem to be a proper solution of the difficulties. Basing our awards upon such information as may be obtained from the plans themselves or such as may be gleaned from the program, it would appear to us that "Elegant" (Mr. Scheibe of N. C. R. Co.. Dayton) and "Art" (Gordon H. Taylor, 156 Fifth avenue. New York), are entitled to first awards (gold medals). That "Renaissance" (Mr. Scheibe of N. C. R. Co., Dayton) and "Oak" (J. E. Freudenberger of N. C. R. Co.. Day- ton), are entitled to second awards (silver medals), and "Education" (Olmsted Bros., Brookline, Mass.) and "Science" (J, E. Freudenberger of N. C. R. Co., Dayton), are entitled to third awards (bronze medals). Many of the plans presented, other than those receiving awards, have points of excellence and contain features of merit which would undoubt- edly work out under certain conditions in a satisfactory manner. The collection of photographs, shown as illustrations of landscape work in various phases, form a most interesting and instructive exhibit and make a valuable addition to this department. The idea of competitive exhibi- tions of this character seems to be worthy of continuance. The scheme, however, needs elaboration, and definite rules should be laid down for the guidance of those participating. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 73 Your committee would recommend that the matter be referred to the Executive Board of the S. A. F., with the request that they formulate a plan for future work. (Signed) j. f. cowell, Edwin Lonsdale, H. D. Seele, Committee. Mr. Alex. Wallace moved that the report be accepted and spread upon the minutes. Mr. Wm. Scott called attention to the recommendation of the committee to refer the matter of further competitive exhibi- tions on this line to the Executive Board. President Kasting: It is understood that that matter will go to the Executive Board for their consideration. The motion of Mr. Wallace was then adopted. Secretary Stewart (in response to an inquiry by Mr. Wal- lace) announced the names of the recipients of the awards, with their nom-de-plumes, as follows: Gold Medals to Chas. Scheibe (Elegante) of the National Cash Register Company; and Gordon H.Taylor (Art) 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Silver Medals to Mr. Chas. Scheibe (Renaissance) of the National Cash Reg- ister Company ; and John E. Freudenberger (Oak) of the National Cash Reg- ister Company. Bronze Medals to Olmsted Bros. (Education) of Brookline, Mass. ; and Mr. John E. Freudenberger (Science) of the National Cash Reg- ister Company. THE IDEAL PRIVATE GARDENER AND HIS WORK. The special order of business w^as a paper on this subject by Mr. Fred E. Palmer of Brookhne. Mass. Mr. Palmer w^as invited to the platform, where he read his paper, which was listened to with strict attention and much applauded. 74 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION The paper was as follows: The title of this essay was selected by the Executive Committee of the Society of American Florists, and assigned to the Boston Gardeners' and Florists' Club, as a fitting subject for its contribution to the litera- ture of this convention. This v^'as perfectly natural for, when questions of a philosophical nature are to be discussed, where else would one turn but to the "Athens of America," the erudite city of the old Bay State. It may be taken for granted, also, that the Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Bos- ton, with its young and virile membership of 325 (this includes ladies), is perfectly able to handle any question that may be presented to it; but when it comes to the individual to whom this essay is assigned, every thought- ful person will agree that, while being greatly honored, he is, neverthe- less, confronted with a duty both difficult and onerous. In the first place an ideal which would be common to a number of men is difficult of conception; in fact, impossible. Ideals are essentially individual, and are more characteristic of the man even than his physical features. They change with him from day to day, as he grows in wisdom, always tantalizingly ahead like the desert mirage, yet always an in- centive to better work and nobler aims. With these thoughts in one's mind it is hard to get down to earth, where even the ideal gardener belongs. Before attempting to draw the picture of a present day ideal private gardener, it will be interesting and perhaps helpful, to cast a retrospective glance at types of other days and their environment. They are not so far removed as to be unfamiliar to most of us, indeed, many honored examples are with us yet; and as the procession of bygone forms and faces is conjured up, we bow our heads in reverence. Many of them were splendid exponents of the true gardening spirit, were faithful servants, staunch friends of the young gardeners who were committed to their charge, though sometimes severe withal. They bring down to modern times, perhaps more than any other retainer, the spirit of those feudal days, in which the extensive private garden had its birth and early nourish- ment. Under old world conditions to this day the number of private gardens of any size is a fixed quantity: new creations are few and far between and are largely offset by the decay and abandonment of old establishments; so, consequently, the market for head gardeners has always been a dull one. A satisfactory and satisfied incumbent held his position often for life. Not much was required of him in the way of technical or scientific knowledge; in fact, too much of that sort of thing would have spoiled him. He was essentially a retainer, although by common consent ranking considerably above the domestics, conservative to a degree, which is SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 75 always characteristic of those who lack ambition because of the absence of opportunity, that baneful blight of the old world, supremely happy if a modest pension awaited him or fortunate if able to end his days as the proprietor of a small grocery or public house. One can easily realize that under the above conditions there must have been constantly in existence a small army of rejected ones among the body of journeymen gardeners. Head positions not always being awarded with regard to merit, the under gardeners had little incentive to acquire an education above the common, the chances being that they would end their days in the ranks with the laborer. These things may explain the anomalous condition that has undoubtedly existed up to the present time and still exists, viz.: that of a large number of intelligent men, en- gaged in a pursuit so near to nature, so lofty as to transcend almost all others, and if including agriculture, which it naturally does, so important in the world of economics as to comprehend all the necessary things of life within its scope; and yet who are so poorly equipped with technical and scientific education as to render them, as a class, marked in this respect. It finds its most harmful expression in a conservatism which is posi- tively suicidal in this new day and country. Failing to recognize the op- portunity that is now before them of lifting themselves and their craft from the realm of drudgery and servitude into that of science and art where it properly belongs, cherishing the ideal of "My Lord" and "My Lady" who never interfered, the long hours of labor with small pay, the willing helpers who kept going fourteen hours per day if ordered to do so, no horse power, horses had to go to bed early — no hose, no anything, in fact, that savored of innovation and that required new study; those were indeed good old days. Let us turn, however, to the conditions which confront us in this m.arvelous age and country. The ordinary slow processes of evolution and national growth have been entirely ignored. Development along economic, social and art lines has been so rapid as to defy the average observer an 3'ears ago. Suitable stock can be had at all times, though of course th^s varies with the season. The store man who takes it for granted that a customer should know without being shown, how to use the flow^ers, Is lost. It takes constant arrangement and a lot of new ideas to please the better class of customers. It was but a few years back that all customers looked alike to the clerk as they entered the store room. It is now neces- sary to grasp the idea of catering to different classes of people. The rich, the poor, the artistic, those of poor taste, those who want a lot for their money, those who want only the best, arranged in the most artistic- manner, those who want certain color combinations, these qualities must all be grasped at a glance by the clerk, or he will lose many a customer who would have been well satisfied had the clerk been a better judge of human nature. The clerk no longer presents his wares in the timid way of years gone by; he knows the value of his stock and is not to be blufifed by any customer, but stands firmly by any position he may take. Advantage Taken of Individual Plants. Advantage is now taken of the peculiarities of each plant; a ribbon bow or cord placed in the proper manner and to the advantage of the plant, a pot cover in perfect harmony, a bit of moss or a little foliage, en- hances the value from ten to fifty per cent. It is the neat and natty plant or flower that attracts and sells quicker and at a better figure than a more expensive plant carelessly arranged. Interurban Railroads a Help. One of the most recent improvements the retailer has is the great network of interurban systems which are being built throughout the coun- try. This is particularly true of my own state, Indiana. The close prox- imity of the greenhouses and the store, due to the electric lines, makes it possible for the retailer to have fresh stock at all times. There is no longer room for old stock as this is many times due to carelessness in ordering. It only takes a telephone call and fresh stock will be on hand in a few hours, whereas in years gone by large amounts had to be ordered at one time. 92 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION Improvements in Designs. As we all know, the day of the stereotype flower piece is a thing of the past. The florist now confines his funeral work almost entirely to baskets, bunches, wreaths and blankets. The view is now taken by those who are accustomed to buying flowers that ofTerings are sent to lighten the sufferings of the bereaved, not to make it look more funeral like. As many colors are used as is consistent with good taste. Public Appreciates Flower Seasons. The general public now appreciates the various flower seasons. They understand that chrysanthemums are not to be had in March, or alpine violets in July. They look for the store man to have select, seasonable stock on hand at all times. It is possible for him to keep things moving lively almost the entire year. The dull summer season is not nearly what it used to be, and the energetic tradesman can make much of it by handling and arranging the choicest seasonable stock. Seasonable novel- ties are now always sought for in the flower shops. Small turkeys, ducks, and various novelties must be on hand at Thanksgiving. Chimes, bells, wreaths, etc., must be on hand for Christmas and so on for every festive period. The public has learned to know that the flower shop is the proper place to obtain novelties which are not to be had elsewhere. Flowers are no longer offered in receptacles which were formerly supposed to heighten the beauty of the contents by contrast with their shabbiness. The grower now affords good glass vases and his swell brother, the retailer, finer articles, not excluding cut-class or precious metals. The growth of the retailer has been such that the modus operandi is patterned after the larger department stores and matters are systematized so that, for instance, an employe who supposedly does nothing but wait on customers, does not hide the broom or emerge from the cellar looking as if he had been in an encounter with the coal pile or moss bin. The Telephone an Aid. The use of the telephone, long distance and local, in offering flowers is increasing in enlightenment of the public in regard to them. A fair esti- mate of the amount sold in this manner is 40 per cent, of the gross sales, so the importance of having the 'phone answered in a proper manner is readily seen. The brainiest, shrewdest, best informed and most resource- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 93 ful man in the establishment is now employed to answer the telephone. The fisherman at the 'phone must offer the most tempting bait, play with the game, hook the fish, reel it in and place it securely in the net before his work is accomplished. In many instances two or three telephones are placed in one store so that the impatient customer may not turn to a competitor. The Art Progresses. The art, and it is one, of arranging boxes of select long stem flowers, skillfully finished with violets, mignonette, pansies, and lily of the valley has now reached the point where to the uninitiated ''Excelsior" need no longer be proclaimed. It is here where proof of skill and discernment of color and deftness in arrangement are most apparent. Often times choice boxes are lined with silk and the exterior ornamented with bows of rib- bon or bunches of violets, valley and roses, softened with sprays of maidenhair ferns and A. Farleyense. This perfection in the make-up of cut flower boxes is one we may justly feel proud of. For the custom of sending fine boxes of beautiful flowers, like the American Beauty, origi- nated with us — the Americans. BY W. F. GUDE. Being requested to read a paper and lead a discussion on recent im- provements in retailer's methods of offering flowers for sale, personally I should much prefer the discussion to reading a paper. However, I know no better way than to give my own personal experience of the past twenty years in the retail florist's business at the National Capital where we think we have some up-to-date flower stores. There is probably no business or profession that has seen a greater change in the last decade, than the retail florists', or has made greater strides. I am sure that no class of men has worked harder or had longer hours than they. Right here, I want to say we too often hear the cry, "things are not as they used to be." This expression is too commonly used by a great many people engaged in the retail florists' business. "Things are not as they used to be" is not true in the sense it is given, while I do not doubt it is absolutely a fact in a great many cases, among the men who make the remark, because they have the same old fogy methods and manner of doing business used years ago, whereas, the wide-awake florist with the proper push, has gone ahead and adopted new and modern methods, with 94 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION the inevitable results that he makes more money with less work and the old-timer has been left with his old-fashioned ideas — while the former has reason to thank the powers that be that "things are not as they used to be." Some Old Time Methods. Sending flowers in old shoe and hat boxes; delivering funeral designs in a farm wagon; taking a man in his greenhouse togs to a fashionable home to carry plants and help decorate; tying bunches with narrow, cheap ribbon, cut swallow-tailed; sending bridal bouquets wrapped in paper; telling a patron the flowers he wants are out of date, because they are not in stock. I have been in flower-shops when a customer would leave an order for a wedding, birthday, or funeral and explicitly state the time he wanted the flowers delivered, and, in many cases, to my personal knowledge, the flowers were sent after the occasion was over so that the sentimental effect was entirely lost, the opportunity to use the flowers forever gone. The result invariably is — the next time the customer in question wants to buy flowers, he tries some place where he has reason to expect that his pur- chase will be delivered when and where he wants it in an up-to-date condition. Again the old-fashioned way of delivering flowers, wrapped in any old piece of paper and delivered by some ragged, dirty messenger,* is not conducive to bringing the retail florists' business up to the plane of the modern up-to-date requirements which it so justly deserves. Also the old-fashioned method of tying flowers on toothpicks with wire, without any foliage, which was so popular years ago, has been almost entirely eliminated and a more natural system is now demanded by the average buying community. So much for the old methods. The present up-to-date method followed by us is to have the flowers received fresh every morning, then properly assorted and arranged in large storage rooms where mirrors on all sides show them off to the best advantage. One of the most important items is booking orders. In a great many establishments the old w^ay of taking orders for any kind of flowers for commencements and debutantes' receptions, etc., knowing it is a ques- tion whether they can be secured, then substituting another kind at the last minute, is an expensive one. What a great disappointment to a mother who, thinking she has a pleasant surprise for her daughter at her gradu- ating exercises or some other function, orders a bunch of pink roses, and receives red carnations instead. Her patronage is then lost — she has no more confidence in that establishment. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 95 Employes. We have an up-to-date corps of clerks and employes who are able, capable and willing to wait on customers intelligently, and do not try to sell them a pink rose for a white one, or calla lilies for lilies of the valley. They do not work any more like they used to. They used to get up at 5 o'clock in the morning and work until 10 or 11 o'clock at night for a very small compensation. It is fortunate that "things are not as they used to be"' in this case. Employes in a retail florist's store should come in for full consideration and just treatment because it is impossible for any one man to wait on every customer that comes to inquire about flowers. There are naturally, as in all other kinds of business, people with all sorts of ideas and in many cases hard to please. All of these should be studied and their peculiar fancies catered to, as much as possible, if they are willing to pay the price, for a satisfied customer is the best possible advertisement that anyone can have. Right here the employe who goes to extra trouble to cater to the whims of this particular class of customer and does not run or hide when he or she comes in, is entitled to a great deal of considera- tion which alas he often does not receive. I have found invariably that by studying the clerks' interests they are in much better position to studv the employer's interests, for it is only too true that florists work longer hours for less money than almost any other class of working men requir- ing an equal amount of intelligence. The clerks and employes in a retail florist's store can do very much towards increasing or decreasing the sales and profits by strict attention or inattention to details in the business. It has always been our aim to keep the employes satisfied and where we succeed in doing that, they invariably succeed in satisfying us. Putting Up Orders. This to our estimation is one of the most important items connected with the retail florists' business. As time cuts quite a figure in this part of the business, if the flowers are put up too early they will be apt to wither, and if too late they cannot be delivered in time, hence, this branch of the business requires constant care and exercise of judgment in order that the flowers may reach the parties interested in the best possible condition. Another very important item is to send the customers exactly the quality and quantity promised for a given amount of money and not try to slight them with the thought or idea that they will never know the difference. This might do once in a while, but one is bound to be caught in the act, sometime, and with a very ugly reflection on the integrity of the house. Here it may be well to state that the politeness and intelligence of the 96 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION driver or messenger who may happen to deHver the flowers will either reflect credit or discredit upon the establishment. Window Display. The old methods of trying .to show the public how many plants a florist can put in a window was buried with the paper collar for bouquets. The window bottom of sand, gravel, and zinc has been given place to tile and mirror effects. A florists' window is the same now as that of the other up-to-date merchant who displays his finest goods to tempt the public to buy. A customer can form a pretty good idea of the florist's ability to create and execute artistic effects by his window display. For instance when we have a surplus of any particular kind of flower a window tastefully arranged with vases, baskets, etc., of this same flower, has time and again been the means of cleaning up the entire surplus at a good profit. A window display on January 29th, President A'IcKinley's birthday, with a portrait of him. a few American flags and a nice assortment of carnations tastefully arranged, will demonstrate what a window decoration can do. I would advise you to try it January 20th next. Use of Ribbons. The use of ribbons in the retail florists' business has grown faster than the business itself, because in the present methods ribbons can be used to great advantage on nearly all arrangements of flowers and when properly used are a great acquisition to any up-to-date floral arrangement. Delivery of Flowers in Vases and Jardinieres. In our city in particular i.*^ a iarge demand for bunches of flowers at all seasons of the year, to be sent to the various ofifices or departments of the United States government. In these cases it is often necessary to have a suitable vase or jardiniere to offer to go with the bunch of flowers that they may be delivered in good presentable condition, and their lasting qualities preserved by the stems being kept in water while in the of^ce of the recipient. In conclusion, to manage and run an up-to-date flower store. First: It is necessary to be conservative in buying. When I say buying, I mean not only cut-flower stock, but plants, ribbons, jardinieres, florists' sup- plies of all kinds, and especially boxes and paper to suit all sizes of bunches and qualities of flowers. This is very important. Second: Having the necessary receptacles and supplies to go with the flowers, be sure to have good fresh stock at all times to show your customers and give them what you claim to sell. Third: After the former two. be sure to deliver the flowers as prom.- ised, on time, when promised, and in good condition. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 97 Mr. Peter Risset moved that the papers be received and spread upon the minutes, also that a vote of thanks be tendered to their authors for their very able contributions. Mr. E. V. Hallock: I wish to say for myself that they are two oi the ablest papers on the subject to which I ever listened. Motion carried. DISEASE OF ASTERS. Secretary Stewart called attention to a communication from the Detroit Florist Club, presented on Tuesday, inquiring as to what the S. A. F. could or would do to investigate the cause of and ascertain a remedy for the aster disease which is troublmg the growers in Detroit and elsewhere. He explained that the appeal of the Detroit Club was to the effect that the society should appropriate a sum of money sufTficient to engage Cornell University or a similar institution to take up and investigate the matter in a thoroughly scientific way and find a remedy. Mr. Peter Bisset: Disease of the asters or of any other plant grown by florists of the United States may properly come before the Agricultural Department at Washington, which has a bureau for the study of plant diseases. Diseased plants sent by members of the S. A. F. will be inves- tigated by scientific gentlemen there, and a report as to the cure for the disease , if a cure can be effected, will be made. It will be unnecessary, I think, for this society to appropriate money to investigate this disease, as the gentlemen of that bureau are employed for that purpose. (Note. — At this point, in consequence of the absence of Secretary Sullivan, of the Detroit Florist Club, who was engaged as one of the election officers, the subject was informally laid aside. Later, when Mr. Sullivan was present, the following action was taken.) Mr, J. C. Vaughan: I move that a copy of the communication from the Detroit Club be sent to the Pathologist of this Society. Dr. B. M. Duggar, of Columbia, Mo., for a report thereon; and that application b'~ made to the Agricultural Department at Washington, in the name of llic 98 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION S. A. F., for all the information in regard to the aster disease which that department can furnish; also that copies of the reports in both instances be sent to the Detroit Club. The motion was carried without objection but the discussion was continued as follows: Mr. Geo. C. Watson, of Philadelphia, said that in the lo- caHty from which he came the aster disease was prevalent; that splendid asters were grown on one side of the river while the same plants on the opposite side did not amount to anything, and the cause was unknown. He thought that if any light was to be thrown upon this peculiar condition of affairs the whole society was entitled to have the benefit of it and not the Detroit Club alone; and that therefore the information asked for ought to be disseminated more widely than was proposed. Mr. Vaughan remarked that whatever records were received could be inserted in the Annual Convention Report. President Kasting suggested that they might be published in the horticultural press. Mr. Watson insisted that it would be unjust to the society to favor a particular club with the information long in advance of its publication and that the members should not be obligated to representatives of the press or dependent upon their good will for that to which they were entitled by right. He contended that every member was entitled to have the information direct from ofificial sources when it was furnished. Prof. H. C. Irish, of St. Louis: I move that the secretary be author- ized to give a copy of the reports, as soon as they are received, to the trade journals. Through that medium they will reach every member of the S. A. F. more quickly and cheaply than in any other manner. Mr. Watson: This society has less than a thousand members, while the trade journals have some 15,000 subscribers. Each of those 15.000 will SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 99 receive that information promptly. The revenue of our society comes from the one thousand, and we will be benefiting fourteen thousand other indi- viduals at our expense. I say that that is unfair to ourselves. We ought to give this information to our own members first. Secretary Stewart: The people who are conducting the trade journals are members of this society, and when that information is received it will be used by them, and it will then reach those 15,000 people, anyhow. The discussion here ended. STOVE PLANTS VS. GREENHOUSE PLANTS. The Question Box was then taken up. The first question was the following: "Is the stove plant here in the United States a greenhouse plant? The reason for asking this question is that at a recent exhibition the judge disqualified one exhibit of a fine collection of variegated foliage plants because it was exhibited under the heading of 'Collection of house or greenhouse plants.' He argued that caladiums, anthuriums and maran- tas are stove plants and could not be classified as greenhouse plants. This argument cost the exhibitor the prize. Full answer to this question is most important to inquirer." The President invited discussion. Robert Craig: The judge was right. Prof. H. C. Irish: It seems to me they should be classed as green- house plants. A stove house, as I understand it, is a greenhouse with a temperature of 70 or 80 to 100 degrees. Now, these plants are plants for that house; they are greenhouse plants, therefore, in my estimation. Mr. E. V. Hallock: I ask Mr. Craig if he will define for us the line of demarcation between a greenhouse plant and a stove plant. (Merri- ment.) Mr. Robert Craig: Among gardeners the greenhouse plants are com^ monly recognized as those that grow in a temperature of 60 degrees or less, the stove plants in a temperature of 75 or more. That is my thought about it and no doubt that was the thought of the judge. 100 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION Mr. P. Bisset: A stove plant is quite different from a greenhouse plant. The schedule ought to have stated just at what temperature the plant should be grown, or as nearly as possible. Secretary Stewart: It might be well to tell you of the custom of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. They never make any distinction between the two classes. When they plan for a group the schedule always reads, "Stove and greenhouse plants," which eliminates the possibility of a misunderstanding. Mr. Bisset: Evidently they recognize there is a difference between the two points. Secretary Stewart: I presume they have had this very question to settle in the past and have adopted that method of eliminating it from future discussion because they are always careful to say, in schedule, "Stove and greenhouse plants." I think, as somebody has said, the fault in the present instance was in the schedule. Mr. George C. Watson: The greater always includes the less, and as "stove" is a sub-division of the class known as "greenhouse," it is in- cluded in the latter. Consequently I think that the judge was in error in counting out that exhibit. The terms are largely dependent upon locality, and we are not informed as to the locality from which this question comes. Secretary Stewart: It comes from a gardener in Long Island. New York. Mr. A. Wintzer: The question raises one of those delicate distinc- tions that no man can define. I think it is to a certain extent a matter of locality and conditions. Many years ago, in looking over some old cata- logues, I found some plants classified as "stove plants," which would thrive outside as freely as coleus. I think that many of our foreign cata- logues will define the coleus as a stove plant. We know that it is a bed- ding plant in this country. If you take the coleus out of our bedding de- partment you would not have very much left. The same might be said about that beautiful climbing plant, Cissus discolor. Planted out in the month of June, trained to a trellis, that plant would grow beautifully until Fall. The same may be said of cannas. They are called tropical plants and semi-tropical, but you cannot tell where the one begins and the other ends. In my experience I have found that a canna would thrive and de- velop in a temperature that would be detrimental to the rose. Now we don't classify the tea-rose as a stove plant. When well grown, a canna SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. lOl will stand a temperature of 40 degrees without suffering any detriment to its foliage, while the same temperature would be fatal to the rose. Mr. Craig: No doubt Prof. Irish is right from his point of view, but gardeners recognize a cool house, an intermediate house and a stove house. Mr. Stewart's statement about the Boston schedule reminds me that they are very likely to study things out carefully there, and they say "Stove and greenhouse plants." Why don't they say "Greenhouse plants," if one term is big enough? They do make these distinctions. Nicholson, in his dictionary, tells you that such and such a plant is a stove plant or an in- termediate-house plant or a cool-house plant. They are all greenhouse plants but, in order that we may better understand the matter, they are classified in that way: "cool greenhouse," "intermediate house," "stove." Air. J. T. D. Fulmer: I recall a case of this kind at our State Fair. A party exhibited a Cycas revoluta as a palm, and the judge ruled it out as not a palm. Those questions will come up and they are on a line with a question in the live-stock department as to the size at which a shoat be- comes a pig. Mr. C. W. Turnley: "'Thus far shalt thou go and no farther." As Brother Craig has said, the greenhouse plant is limited to a certain de- gree of temperature. My experience has been that in this respect there is a difference between the greenhouse plant and the stove plant. Years ago, in the lifetime of John Dick, when passing through his greenhouse, 1 noticed a place heated with stoves; and, upon asking what enclosure that was, he informed me that that was a stove house for potted plants, thus showing that there was a difference in the temperature between that of the greenhouse and that of the stove house. Let any florist undertake to grow the maranta and the rose in the same house, with a cool green- house temperature, and he will find that he is quite unsuccessful. Ask our boiler-men — Lord and Burnham and others — who have boilers for green- houses and of the highest capacity for stove houses, and they will figure upon a temperature of a greenhouse and will tell you that if you want a hot-house the temperature must be increased. ^Iv. E. \^ Hallock and Mr. Geo. C. Watson concurred in the opinion that the object of the author of the question was to hit back at the judge and that the difficulty arose from a carelessly made schedule. On motion of Mr. Watson, seconded by Mr. Westcott, the question was laid on the table. 102 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION COMMITTEE ON CANNAS. REGISTRATION. The next question in the Question Box was, "Is it to the benefit of the trade for originators of new cannas to name and disseminate a long Hst of varieties having no desirable merit over existing varieties?" Mr. J. C. \^aiighan: It seems to me that we ought to revive our former custom of having a Canna Committee and that the approval of that committee shall be necessary to secure the registration of new varieties by our secretary. Americans are doing very careful work on the canna but, as you know, have to throw away thousands of seedlings in the effort to get one of merit because a meritorious canna nowadays, that is w^orthy of introduction, ought to have about fifteen decidedly good points and, if lacking in any one of them, is worthless to the trade. The recognition of cannas that have not been inspected by our committee gives a kind of half- way indorsement by this society, and in many quarters it may be assumed that such cannas or any other plants that are registered possess real merii because we have registered them. I believe that it should not be too easy to register new varieties on the books of this organization. In order to bring this matter properly before the meeting I move that the chair appoint a Canna Committee of three, to consist of men who know the canna and who are not themselves commercially interested in new varieties. Mr. P. Bisset: I think that Mr. Vaughan's motion is in the right direction. The reading of the secretary's address showed that we have a whole list of things that had been registered which had no earthly value. As most of you gentlemen know, it is far too easy for any one who raises seedlings to have them registered and get a standing from this society. We should either charge a fee for registration or have a competent com- mittee to pass upon every plant that is offered. I think that Mr. Vaughan ought to go a little further and have not a Canna Committee but a general committee to whom everything may be referred before it is accepted by this society. I move that as an amend- ment to the motion. ]\Ir. Vaughan: Perhaps w^e had better appoint the Canna Committee and then, if necessary, have a general committee on registration later. Mr. Geo. C. Watson: I think Mr. Vaughan's idea is quite correct, as SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 103 also is Mr. Bisset's idea, but if we debar from our councils people who are interested in the canna, commercially or otherwise, we will keep out the best brain in canna growing; and as a trade organization we do not want to do that. If you exclude from service on a committee of this kind men who have made a life study of cannas and know all about them, you shut the door against the very men whom you ought to have there. I do not think that any member of this society who is interested in the canna would, if placed on that committee, be dishonorable enough to use his position for his own benefit. I have never seen an instance of it in this society, and I have been a member for twenty years. I think that Mr. V'aughan ought to eliminate that particular phrase from his resolution. Secretary Stewart asked to say a word as to the secretary's in- terpretation of his duties in connection with registration. He con- tinued : It differs from the way in which some members regard it. The sec- retary has always taken it for granted that he had nothing to do with the merits or demerits of a variety. The registration is not a registration of the quality of a variety or of its lack of quality. It should not be looked upon, it seems to me, as an endorsement of a variety as having any value. It is simply the registration of the name, giving the introducer a prior right to the name that he wishes to use in distinguishing his particular product. Having made application for the name, it belongs to him and to his variety. Others who might want to use the same name afterwards for some other variety are debarred from its use or from having it recognized for their benefit, so far as we are concerned. It is solely a registration of a name and of the right of a particular individual to that name, without regard to the quality of the plant. That is as the secretary has understood it all along, and with that interpretation this discussion is entirely irrelevant. If, as Mr. Vaughan suggests, we should have a Registration Commit- tee, which would pass upon the quality of a variety as to whether it was worthy of registration or not, that would be another matter and perhaps a good thing. I realize that the secretary's report has been encumbered by a long list of varieties but, under our constitution as it has been in- terpreted, these were entirely legitimate and could not be declined. Mr. Geo. C. Watson: I think that our registration does give a variety a fictitious value with the general public, and I contend that it is our duty, now when the question is before us. to correct that. I think that, except as to one feature. Mr. Vaughan's motion ought to prevail. I don't think he ought t.i shut the door against the professional element on the canna 104 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION question because it comprises honorable men who are familiar with cannas, who know when there is merit in them and who are wilHng to recognize that merit when they find it. Mr. L. H. Read, of Fruitdale, Ala.: In my opinion the secretary is right in his interpretation of our By-law on registration. I do not believe we have any more right to shut the door against any one who wants to produce a new variety and put it on the market than the live-stock men would have to refuse a registry to a breeder of blooded live stock. If plants cannot be registered they can be introduced without registration. I cannot see that it is of any particular value to them except that it gives them a little wider advertising. It does not give them an endorsement by the society. Mr. C. Hagenburger, of Mentor, Ohio: I am not interested in the canna or any other plant in particular, but I think we ought to leave this entire matter as it stands. I tliink that the more we have of cannas or of any other plants the better it is for the society and for all the florists con- nected with it. Many men who bring these plants up have tried very hard to produce something creditable, and in their hearts they think sometimes they have something of value, although in many cases they are mistaken. As far as the secretary's list is concerned, I do not think that the writing down of these names is going to do any harm, and I do not see why a long list of cannas or a long list of anything else is very objectionable. Mr. A. Wintzer, of West Grove, Pa.: As one who has raised the canna for many years, I would say that T believe the door should be wide open to any originator of new plants, but I believe it would be to the in- terest of the members for the society to see to it that the plants that are registered should be at least of a high order. We don't wish to go back- ward; we wish to go forward; and I believe, knowing what I do of can- nas, that any grower can go into a canna field, get a lot of seedlings of any particular variety and originate varieties indefinitely. I have in mind an enterprising introducer of varieties in Philadelphia who, about ten years ago, had not less than twenty or thirty varieties of cannas recorded; yet not one of those cannas has ever been of any use to anyone. They were good names but the cannas were not good cannas. I believe that this pre-empting of names is an injustice to originators. One man devotes years of time to the production of a seedling, he does not depend on chance, he breeds as a breeder raises stock, he looks to the parentage and selects his breeding plants, he also selects the plant from which he wants to use the pollen. This is what I call hybridizing. With another man it is only chance work. I believe it would be a good plan to have originators SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 105 test their cannas for at least three years. Our firm have done this for from three to five years. Let them be inspected either by a Canna Com- mittee or by a disinterested party, then let them go on their merits and let the best canna win the race. I believe in elevating the standard, in reaching a high plane in this matter. Hitherto we have suffered from the indiscriminate naming of cannas by foreign producers. Are we now going to follow in the same wake? What chance has the grower or originator of a new plant who goes into this work extensively, systematically, year after year, in com- petition with a man who just stumbles into it? I could distribute ten thou- sand canna seeds to the members of ihis organization, and I would guar- antee that each and every one of them would be superior to the ones I have seen in city parks. Let us take such a canna as King Humbert, Louisiana and those of that type as the standard. I believe it is to the in- terest of the society to recognize these facts. (Applause). Mr. Peter Bisset, of Washington. D. C. : There is no question but that the mere fact that a plant has been registered by this society does give it standing. I know this from what was told me by a gentleman who oc- cupies a high position in the gardening world. He said that the first place to w^hich he would go to get a list of new plants would be the S. A. F. registration book. Now, there is where you get your standard. There- fore there is no excuse for having a lot of names put down in the secre- tary's registration book simply because some gentleman wants to foist something on the public. Before being eligible for registration a plant should be superior to anything that preceded it. Secretary Stewart: In reply to Mr. Bisset I would say that it is possible the gentleman whom he quoted may have confused the two lists published by the secretary. In one part of the secretary's report there is a list of plant names registered, and in another department of the book there is a list of new introductions in this country, whether of American or foreign origin, if there is any American firm interested in their intro- duction here. I think it is the latter list to which the gentleman's friend referred when he spoke of a record being kept of new plants. 'Sir. Bisset: It was the registration part to which he referred. Mr. Alex. Wallace, of New York: Mr. Secretary, will you please read the clause of the Constitution which authorizes the registration of plants. As far as my memory goes, I think it uses the phrase "new plants." Secretary Stewart: It does. It says "new plants." 106 PROCEEDINGS OF TWEXTY-SECOXD COXVEXTIOX Mr. Wallace: So that the registration would be of new plants at al event: Secretary Stewart (reading): . . . •"shall keep a registration book, in which shall be recorded names and descriptions of new varieties of plants, under the rules of the society, application for same having been duly made by the owner thereof." Mr. Wallace: There is no endorsement on the part of the society? Secretary Stewart: Not at all; it calls simply for name and descrip- tion of a plant as furnished by an owner who believes it is a new plant. Mr. Geo. C. Watson, of Philadelphia: We all agree that the secre- tary is entirely right in his interpretation of the rules and that Mr. Vaughan's ideas are in the right direction. It appears that the only ques- tion before us is as to the wisdom of having one general committee for all plants or a committee for each class of plants. I believe that, in our pres- ent condition of development, one general committee is impracticable. You cannot get a committee that is able to judge properly of all classes of plants; but I believe that, as to any one class of plants that becomes com- mercially important, enough members of this society can be got together without much trouble to pass upon it or upon any plant that is offered for registration. That is why I say we ought to support Mr. Vaughan's mo- tion for a Committee on Cannas and that we ought to select that com- mittee from the best talent \y have in our society. Mr. H. B. Howard, of Chicago: Does not the pending motion or any of the actions that are suggested necessitate a change in the By-laws, which could only be made through the process prescribed therein? President Kasting: You can have a committee appointed, but they cannot do any work until a change in the By-laws is made. A committee appointed at this date could make a recommendation to the Executive Committee at a later date. ^Ir. W. W. Coles, of Indiana: I agree with Mr. Watson that it is objectionable to have one general committee, as its authority would be too broad. There are some quite good canna growers in this country who grow from one to five acres possibly; and while such men ought to know cannas very well, they might not know anything about some other line of plants. I am in favor of a committee such as Mr. Vaughan suggests, and I shall vote against the am.endment. ^Ir. E. A. Scribner (who had seconded IMr. Bisset's amend- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 107 ment) said that it seemed to him, as the discussion progressed, the convention was getting into deep water, and he wanted to withdraw as a seconder of the amendment. (Merriment.) Air. Bisset took issue with Mr. Coles and said he beheved that there were many members present capable of passing upon every plant that would be offered to the society for registration. Air. \'aughan. replying to Mr. Watson's objection that canna producers ought not to be excluded from the proposed commit- tee, said: It is only natural that introducers would not be willing to pass upon their own products, and if such men were appointed they would naturally refuse to participate in action upon their own introductions when these came up. The point I sought to make was that they should not be known as introducers; but I know that, no matter whom we appoint, an introducer will not consent to pass upon his own product. I withdraw that part of the m.otion. Mr. Watson suggested that the committee be enlarged from three to seven, as he thought that seven good canna men could be found easily. Mr. Bisset withdrew- his motion to amend and said: This Committee on Cannas are to pass upon cannas before they are registered? President Kasting: Under our By-laws they cannot do that without coming to the Executive Committee. They must make a recommendation to that committee. They will have time to do this before our next meeting. Mr. Vaughan: My idea was to have a Canna Committee appointed, to start with; that then, if it is necessary to make any change so that they may co-operate with the Executive Committee, the By-laws may be so changed as to meet the exigencies of the case. The convention here took a vote, when Mr. Vaughan's mo- tion was carried without objection. 108 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION DATE OF ANNUAL MEETING. The next and last question in the Question Box was, "Would it not be wise to recommend to hold our meeting day at the end of July or first week in August?" On motion of Mr. J. G. Esler discussion of this question was postponed until after the discussion on the National Flower Show, at the evening session. DELEGATES TO NATIONAL COUNCIL OF HORTICULTURE. Mr. F, H. Traendly, of New York City, said that on the previous day the convention had authorized the appointment of two delegates to the National Council of Horticulture. He moved, in view of the interest taken in that council by the presi- dent of the society, that President Kasting be appointed one of the delegates. The motion was carried without objection. President Kasting then announced the appointment of Mr. Robert Craig, of Philadelphia, as the other delegate. He referred to that gentleman's wide experience at the Chicago and St. Louis Expositions as pre-eminently entitling him to the position. ENTRIES TO BE MADE BY EXHIBITORS. ETC. Mr. Wm. Scott, one of the judges on the exhibits in the exhibition building, read a partial list of awards and then made this motion, viz: that it be recommended to the Executive Com- mittee to institute a rule that the moment an exhibit is staged or SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 109 that permission is given to stage it, the exhibitor shall be required to make an entry theretor. The motion was carried without objection. Mr. Scott also explained that, contrary to the rules, the judges had recognized inadvertently several exhibits that had been passed upon in previous years but that the secretary would make the corrections. He also explained that he had erroneously stated that Wm. K. Harris was the exhibitor of a fine variegated Bougainvillea but that the fact was that it was named "Wm. K. Harris" and was exhibited by Henry A. Dreer of Philadelphia. ELECTION OF OFFICERS. The result of the balloting for ofificers was reported by Mr. John G. Esler, on behalf of the election officers, as follows: Number of votes cast, 248; rejected votes, 2. The vote for President was Wm. J. Stewart, 245; J. A. Valen- tine, I. For Vice-President, S. S. Pennock, 70; Leo Niessen, 42; John Westcott, 129 votes. For Secretary, P. J. Hauswirth, 181; H. M. Altick, 62. For Treasurer, H. B. Beatty, 246 votes. Mr. H. M. Altick: Mr. President, I wish to congratulate my suc- cessful opponent (Mr. Hauswirth), and to assure him of my good will and support. I move that his election be made unanimous. No objection being made, it was so ordered. On motion of Mr. Geo. C. Watson, the report of the election officers was accepted as read. President Kasting appointed the following to notify the successful candidates of their election: Messrs. Castle and Shaw on the Presidency; Messrs. Watson 110 I'ROCEEDIXGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CON\'ENTION and Foley on the Vice-Presidency; Messrs. Breitmeyer and Koenig- on the Secretaryship; Messrs. Vaughan and Hill on the Treasurership. j\Ir. John Westcott declined his election as Vice-President and recommended Mr. Pennock in his place. The declination was not acted upon, Mr. Vaughan remarking that the Vice-Presi- dency had been left to the Philadelphians and that the convention expected them to make any arrangement they wished. A NATIONAL CANNA ASSOCIATION. Mr. L. H. Read, of Fruitdale, Ala.: Mr. President, about a dozen of the people who are interested in canna growing have expressed a desire for the formation of a National Canna Growers' Association; and, after a conference they have agreed to invite all who are interested in the move- ment to meet at the entrance to this hall at two o'clock to discuss the ad- visability of forming a National Canna Association. President Kasting: All persons interested will please take notice accordingly. BUREAU OF CREDIT Mr. W. G. Powell, of the Bureau of Credit of the Whole- sale Seedmen's League, being awarded the floor, read a paper on the workings of the league, and invited the S. A. F. to take advan- tage of the facilities of the bureau on behalf of its members. On motion of Mr. J. T. D. Fulmer, the paper was referred to the executive committee for their action, Adjourned until evening. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. Ill THIRD DAY — EVENING Thursday evening, Aug. 23, 1906. The convention reassembled at 7.30 P. M. Mr. G. Asmus, of Chicago, Chairman of the Committee on Sports, presented a report on the bowling contest, which was read. Report in full will be found on later page of this book. On motion the report was received to be published in the minutes. Secretary Stewart read a report from the superintendent of the trade exhibition, Mr. Horace E. Frank, giving a list of the exhibits. It was as follows: Mr. President and Gentlemen: I herewith submit the following re- port of the trades display, in connection with the twenty-second annual convention of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticul- turists, at Fair Grounds, Dayton, Ohio, August 21st to 24th, 1906: Class A. Henry A. Dreer, Philadelphia, Pa., collection of palms, ferns, arau- carias, etc. J. A. Peterson, Cincinnati, Ohio, Begonias, Adiantum Farleyense and Pandanus Veitchii. Chas. D. Ball, Holmesburg, Philadelphia, Pa., collection of palms and decorative plants. Vaughan's Seed Store, Chicago and New York, palms, ferns, etc. Lemuel Ball, Wissinoming, Philadelphia, Pa., collection of palms. 112 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION The Hinode Florist Co., Whitestone, Long Island, N. Y., Japanese miniature' trees. F. R. Pierson Co., Tarrytown-on-Hudson, New York, Tarrytown ferns and bulbs. Lager & Hurrell, Summit, N. J., orchid plants. Joseph Heacock, Wyncote, Pa., palms. Metairie Ridge Nursery Co., New Orleans, La., palms and decora- tive plants. Henry H. Barrows & Son, Whitman, Mass., Nephrolepis Whitmanii. Robt. Craig Co., Philadelphia, Pa., palms, new pandanus, crotons, etc. Julius Roehrs Co., Rutherford, N. J., palms, orchids and foliage plants. Edw. Amerpohl, Janesville Floral Co., Janesville, Wis., Nephrolepis Amerpohlii. Lewis Ullrich, Tiffin, Ohio, new zonal geranium. T-iie Storrs-Harrison Co., Painesville, Ohio, ferns and dormant roses. Davis Bros., Morrison, 111., collection of ferns. Christ. Winterich, Defiance, Ohio, cyclamen plants. C. S. Ford, Philadelphia. Pa., palms and foliage plants. The Livingston Seed Co., Columbus, Ohio, new begonia. John Scott, Brooklyn. N. Y., Scotii fern, palms and foliage plants. H. R. Carlton, Willoughby, Ohio, violet, Gov. Herrick. Geo. A. Kuhl, Pekin, III, collection of ferns. Carl Hagenberger, W. Mentor, O., collection of ferns, crotons and miscellaneous stock. Huntsman & Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, collection of aspidistras. A. C. Oelschig & Son, rubber plants. William Sim, Cliftondale, Mass., tomatoes. Class B. Arthur Cowee, Berlin, N. Y., display of cut gladioli. E. H. Cushman, Sylvania, Ohio, display of cut gladioli. John Lewis Childs, Floral Park, N. Y., display of cut gladioli. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 113 Southern Floral Nursery Co., Fruitdale, Ala., display of cut carinas. James Vicks' Sons, Rochester, N. Y., display of cut asters. Nathan Smith & Son, Adrian, Mich., display of cut phlox. Class C. Holly-Castle Co., Boston, Mass., electric circulator. The Herendeen Mfg. Co., Geneva, N. Y., boilers. Morehead Mfg. Co., Detroit, Mich., steam trap. Lord & Burnham Co., New York, boilers and ventilator. E. Hippard, Youngstown, Ohio, steam trap. Kroeschell Bros. Co., Chicago, 111., boilers and chain wrench. Class D. A. Q. Wolf & Bro., Dayton, Ohio, greenhouse ventilators. Ionia Pottery Co., Ionia, Mich., pots. Wm. F. Kasting, Buffalo, N. Y., patent cement benches. Advance Co., Richmond, Ind., greenhouse ventilators. Lockland Lumber Co., Lockland, Ohio, greenhouse material. A. H. Hews & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Mass., pottery. A. Dietsch Co., Chicago, 111., greenhouse material. Quaker City Machine Co., Richmond, Ind., greenhouse ventilator. H. Thaden & Co., Atlanta, Ga., greenhouse material. W. H. Elverson Pottery Co., West Brighton, Pa., pots. Foley Mfg. Co., Chicago, 111., greenhouse material. Charles Manley, St. Johns, Mich., greenhouse material. The King Construction Co., North Tonawanda, N. Y., greenhouse material. Class E. M. Rice & Co., Philadelphia, Pa., ribbons, fancy baskets and general florists' supplies. 114 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION H. Bayersdorfer & Co., Philadelphia, Pa., fancy baskets, earthenware and florists' supplies. Reed & Keller, New York, novelties in glass flower-holders and flor- ists' supplies. Schloss Bros., New York, ribbons. Dayton Paper Novelty Co., Dayton, Ohio, fine display of fancy flower boxes, Roseville Pottery Co., Zanesville, Ohio, jardinieres and fancy earthen- ware. Hummel & Dow^ning, Milwaukee, Wis., display of fancy flower boxes. S. S. Pennock, Philadelphia, Pa., ribbons and florists' supplies. B. Goetz's Sons, Oakwood Pottery, Dayton Ohio, fancy earthenware and pots. L. Baumann & Co., Chicago, 111., baskets, metal ware and general supplies. D. B. Long, Bufifalo, N. Y., floral photographs. C. S. Ford, Tioga, Philadelphia, Pa., fancy jardinieres and general supplies. Wertheimer Bros., New York, fancy chiffons and ribbons. J. Stern & Co., Philadelphia, Pa., baskets, metal ware and general supplies. F. W. Grift'en, Cleveland, Ohio, Sabin patent plant stand. Class F. Arthur Boddington, New York, bulbs. Vaughan's Seed Store, Chicago and New York, bulbs. C. F. Kimmel, Dayton, Ohio, seeds. Beaulieu, Woodhaven, N. Y., seeds. Class G. Kramer Bros., Dayton, Ohio, iron vases, benches, etc. The Lowe Bros. Co., Dayton, Ohio, paints. The Dayton Supply Co., Dayton, Ohio, sprayer. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 115 S. H. Shoiip, Dayton, Ohio, florists' wire designs. Lager & Hnrrell, Summit, N. J., orchid baskets. B. Hammond, Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y., slug shot, insecticide and putty. Horticulture, Boston, Mass., trade paper. Dayton Fruit Tree Label Co., Dayton, Ohio, wooden tree and plant labels. J. H.. Broxey, Dayton, Ohio, carnation support. C. W. Skinner, Troy, Ohio, irrigating system. Hein Support Co., Connersville, Ind., carnation support. Weed Supply Co., Dayton, Ohio, rubber hose. etc. Henry F. Michell Co., Philadelphia. Pa., oak jardinieres. Crowl Fern Co.,- Millington, Mass., ferns and evergreen. H. J. Smith. Flinsdale, Mass., ferns and evergreen. L. B. Brague. Hinsdale, Mass., cut ferns. Display Signs. Bassett & Washburn, Chicago, 111. Lockland Lumber Co., Lockland, Ohio. Joseph Heacock, Wyncote, Pa. The E. F. Winterson Co., Chicago, 111. The Leo Niessen Co., Philadelphia. McHutchinson & Co., New York. Hitchings & Co., New York. Wm. F. Kasting, Buffalo,^ N. Y. F. O. Pierce Co., New York. Chas. F. Meyer, New York. Wm. Hagemann & Co., New York. Yokohama Nursery Co., New York. Florists' Exchange, New York. Young & Nugent, New York. 116 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION Traendly & Schenck, New York. J. Breitmeyer's Sons, Detroit, Mich. Stumpp & Walter Co., New York. August Rolker & Sons, New York. Lion & Company, New York. N. Cowen's Son, New York. Bobbink & Atkins, Rutherford, N. J. Simon Rodh, New York. George H. Mellen Co., Springfield, Ohio. E. G. Hill Co., Richmond, Ind. Miami Floral Co., Dayton, Ohio. Vaughan's Seed Store, New York and Chicago. Foley Mfg. Co., Chicago, 111. The Am. Florist Co., Chicago, 111. H. R. Carlton, Willoughby, Ohio. J. B. Heiss, Dayton, Ohio. The Florists' Review, Chicago, 111. E. H. Hunt, Chicago, 111. On motion of Mr. P. Bisset the report was adopted. Secretary Stewart also read an invitation from the Society of Southern Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, to S. A. F. members to attend its first annual convention at New Orleans in November next, and to send exhibits for the occasion. Received and filed. BADGES FOR LIFE MEMBERS. Mr. P. J. Hauswirth made a report on the selection of a design for a life membership badge, which was referred to him at the last annual meeting. He showed several sketches of a badge SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 117 such as he thought would please the members. He said he did not know whether the intention of the society was to purchase badges or to have them made and supplied to members. Secretary Stewart explained that the conclusion, in the Ex- ecutive Board, after discussion, was that members paying $30 for life membership — money that was drawing interest for the society perpetually — should be entitled to something in the way of a badge that would be more permanent and would cost a little more than the one given to the annual members. As to the price there seemed to be a concensus of opinion that perhaps 75 cts. for a badge for a life member would not be an excessive amount; this expenditure would save issuing the annual badges, a matter of three or five cents apiece, to every life member; which in a few years of an average life would largely ofifset the cost of a per- manent badge. Mr. Hauswirth, replying to an inquiry concerning the cost, stated the figures quoted by a manufacturing firm on lots of one hundred and one hundred and fifty for a badge of rolled gold; the figure being 65 cts. and 60 cts.; for extra rolled gold 75 cts. and 70 cts.: and for gold plate $1.25 each. Additional quantities would be at a lower price, as the die could be again used. After getting the first hundred the price would be lowered to 55 or 45 cts.' for the rolled gold.- Mr. Benj. Hammond: How many life members have we? Secretary Stewart: Somewhere about 125 or 130. They are coming in all the time. From the standpoint of the society I think life member- ship is a good thing. As to many of the younger members, the three dollars annual dues we receive from them would naturally exceed a life membership fee, but there are many who in time drop their membership and. again, life members sometimes die within a short time after adjusting same. Mr. Hartshorne. a life member, who died the other day was a young man, who had only taken life membership about a year and a half ago, I think. The money he paid in will practically be paying dues for him forever in this society. The late Mr. F.. M. Wood was another life member. I think that if we adopt a good badge it will be an inducement lis PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION for members to take this form of membership; and 65 or 70 cents does not seem to be an extravagant amount to pay for a life member's badge. Mr. E. V. Hallock: As Mr. Stewart has said, I think the society could well afiford to pay for the life membership badges. At the same time there might be some feeling among the annual members that it was quite an amount of money taken out of the treasury. Then to have a beautiful badge like the one shown might be an incentive to some to be- come life members. I think it better to postpone the matter for the action of the Executive Board and that we ought to request some of the life members and some of the other m.embers to give their view^s to the sec- retary on the subject. If the life members would gladly pay for the badge let us know that fact, and w^e may then arrange that such members shall make payment when taking life membership. On motion of Mr. Edwin Lonsdale, the matter was referred back to the Execntive Board with full power to act. TESTIMONIAL TO PRESIDENT KASTING. Mr. J. D. Carmody was awarded the floor amid applause. He said: Fellow florists, I want your attention for a few moments. The presi- dent here is but our servant. We have been letting him have his way, however, for tv.^o or three days; now we want to have our way for a few moments. As representing you. — gentle, kind, noble, handsome and grand people, — I propose to have a few words with our president. Now, I am somewhat in the casting business myself. (Merriment.) I manufacture a cast-iron appliance which is appreciated by some of you florists. I find that some of my castings are getting bad. The good we use, the bad we discard. (Approaching the president.) Here is a casting that has proven good. He has filled a place in the hearts of you people for the last few days, and you have found that he is of good stuff. (Mr. Carmody here produced an elegant case of table ware, consisting of solid silver knives, forks and spoons; also dinner and tea sets.) Here are some castings which T guarantee to be of good stufif, all selected, the very best. I doubt if Mr. Kasting himself will sample these SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 119 castings (I hear that he has three oi four specimen Kastings at home) he will find any more pure than these. (Handling several spoons.) No doubt he has gotten over his spooning age, but he and his good wife and the little Kastings will still find use for these. Now I ask Mr. Kasting, Mrs. Kasting and all the little Kastings to allow me, as a representative of these friends of theirs, of this grand Order of the American Florists, to present to them and theirs these castings of pure silver and gold. May they be accepted not for their market value, but for their value as a memento of those florist friends who hold them dear to their hearts. (Opening another drawer in the case). Here is still another set. So that when you wear out the others you can fall back upon these. Oh, how it makes my mouth water when I think of the oysters and the good things that these will come in contact with during the long life which we hope our friend Mr. Kasting will enjoy. (Applause). President Kasting received the testimonial with heartfelt thanks and, on behalf of Mrs. Kasting and himself assured the donors of his appreciation of their generous consideration. TESTIMONIAL TO SECRETARY STEWART. Mr Robt. Craig presented to Secretary Stewart a purse of gold as a testimonial of the society's appreciation of that gen- tleman's twenty years of service in his position. He said: We have just witnessed a very appropriate and pleasant ceremony in the acknowledgment of the hard work of a good man for the past year. It is my pleasant duty now to dwell for a moment or two upon the sin- cere, earnest and hard work of a member of this society for nearly twenty years, a man who has endeared himself to us all by his cheerful sacrifice of self at all times, by his uniform courtesy and by the dignified manner in which he has performed the duties of his important ofifice for such a long period. If ever there was a man who sacrificed himself for the bene- fit of others in this society, it is the man to whom I am now alluding. I recollect that, more than twenty years ago, when I went into Boston as a stranger, I was referred to a man there in the flower commission business as one who would be able to direct me where I wanted to go and to give me such inform.ation on horticultural lines as I might want; and I called then on our friend Mr. Stewart. I found him then just such a man as we 120 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION know him now. Setting aside his own business, he escorted me all over that town, gave me his valuable time, and did it cheerfully. He has been doing just those things ever since. I spoke of it at the time, "How can Mr. Stewart afford to do this?" and they said, "Why, he does that with everybody; that is his nature, that is the kind of a m.an he is." Now. after almost twenty years of service, when he is retiring from this most important office, his friends did not want to see him go without in some way acknowledging their appreciation of his long and useful work. Therefore. ]\lr. Secretary. I hand you this little bag of gold from your friends; and it goes from them, to you wnth the wish that in all your undertakings in life vou will do as well as you have done in the Secre- taryship of the S. A. F. (Applause). Secretary Stewart responded: Fellow members, there are times when one finds himself longing for the eloquence of an orator — for that happy faculty with which the gentleman who has just spoken is gifted in so remarkable a degree, that he may have the means to express and put in words what he feels. That is my predicament now, and it is not the first time that your kindness has placed me in this embarrassing position. My lips can only as feebly express what is in my heart as this testimonial, however great its intrinsic value may be. represents the kind hearts that are back of the gift. There was no sacrifice on my part in that to which Mr. Craig so kindly alluded (and I think his estimate of it is much overdrawm), but if at any time it has been my good fortune to entertain or to make a bright spot for any member of this society, I assure you the pleasure has been mutual and perhaps more largely my own. So that I do not feel that I have made any sacrifice because my whole experience. — what I have gained through these twenty years in the w^ay of social relations with you, has been so pleasant and you have been so uniformly kind and considerate. That is all I can say except to thank you and to express the hope that while my official relation to you in the work which I have been doing for you is about to close, our relations as fellow members will continue equally w^arm and cordial and thqt we shall often meet together and recall the delightful days that I enjoyed with you during my service as secretary. (Applause). PRESENTATION OF THE OFFICERS ELECT. The ceremony of presenting the officers elect, congratulating them upon their election and receiving their acknowledgments was then conducted with the usual formalities. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. I'^l President-elect Stewart, in his response, expressed the hope that the unanimity with which he had been honored in his elec- tion might symbolize the unity with which officers and members alike would woTk together during the year to come for the ad- vancement of the society's work and the uplifting of their pro- fession. The responses of the other officers were in a similar vein. THE NATIONAL FLOWER SHOW. The special order of business for the evening, assigned by the Executive Board, viz, addresses and a discussion on the pro- posed National Flow^er Show% was then taken up. Air. Robt. Craig was the first speaker. He said: You will all recall that when, in Washington last year, this subject of a National Flower Show of considerable proportions, was suggested, the project immediately met with great favor. Among the recommendations of the committee was one that it was necessary to have a guarantee fund of $10,000 in order to make the Show what it should be. And in a very few minutes we had about $3,000 subscribed from reliable people in the room. Since that time we have found that the raising of this guarantee fund is the easiest part of the whole matter. The project has met with such favor by all the large growers of the country and by the leading am.ateur gardeners of the country that we will have no difficulty in carry- ing out this idea provided— and here comes the great difficulty — provided we can find a man to take charge of the work. It has often been said that all of the best work of the world has had to be done by one man. All work of such importance needs a head. It is evident to you all that our busy commercial men. who have their own interests to look after — those who are competent to organize and carry forward this project — cannot command the time to do so. The committee, after very careful discussion of the subject, think that the society will have to employ some competent person who has the time at his disposal to take the matter in charge, in order that the Show may become the success that it is possible to make it and which such a Show should be. The committee were instructed to prepare a schedule — a preliminary 122 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION schedule, at least — giving in detail how the amount of $8,ocx) or more should be expended; and they have done that, subject of course to modi- fication by the Executive Board or any subsequent committee that may have to carry out this plan, if it be undertaken. This schedule was gotten up with the idea that the Show should be held in March and that there should be an annual meeting of the society held in conjunction therewith; but after considerable conference the committee has decided to recom- mend that, if the Show be held at all, it be in the month of November, in- stead of in March. They think that if this is done you will probably give up your summer meeting. They are very favorably impressed with that idea and have instructed me to present for your consideration a resolu- tion bearing on that point. Among the details studied by the committee was the question, "Where is the best place to hold this Show." At first it was thought that New York would be a good place, but experience in the past has shown that it is very difficult to make a flower show there pay. Of course the society w^ants. if possible, to realize enough money so that the guarantors will not lose anything or at least not much; and the committee have con- cluded that an exhibition in New York or in Philadelphia or. in fact, in any city of the East would not pay so well as such an exhibition would in some city in the Middle West. Indianapolis was talked of considerably in the committee; that being a railroad centre and the town not too large, where we could probably get almost control of the newspapers of the town for a w^eek; but finally, after considering several cities of that kind, the committee decided that Chicago is really the best place in w^hich to carry this exhibition to a successful issue. Now. I will not attempt to read this schedule because time will not permit me. I will say that, after very carefully going over the Boston schedule, the Pennsylvania schedule and all the other schedules and taking them as a basis for our premium list, Vv-e have decided to recommend that. if the project is undertaken, three or four thousand dollars of this money shall be spent in premiums and to secure novelties both here and in Europe. For instance, in Europe now there are collections of Rex be- gonias, amaryllises, crotons and other things that are very much better than we have here. The committee v/ould like to see premiums offered so as to induce those foreign growers to come over here and educate. us up to date. I think that Mr. Hill, who was on that committee, would like to say a word to you. Personally I sincerely hope that this project will be car- ried out. We know, from our experience this w^eek, that the sultry sum- mer weather is not a pleasant time in which to have an exhibition, and we know that we cannot see very much at this time of the year in the plant line and nothing at all in the cut flower line. Now. if we decide to SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 123 have this Show in November we will have the queen of all exhibition flowers then, the chrysanthemum; we can have roses, we can have car- nations, we can have almost every flower then; and we can also have the foliage plants and many of the flowering plants in perfection at that time. Now, gentlemen, I hope there will be an earnest consideration of this matter. It has been thought by members of the committee that 1908 would be the right time at which to hold this Show. Get your schedule out now, send it to Europe, send it broadcast all over this country, make the premium list such as to encourage all the private gardeners to exhibit collections of half a dozen of the new things or half a dozen of the old standard flowering plants or foliage plants well done; because, in consider- ing this question, the committee all concluded that the private gardeners, the first-class private gardeners of America — if we can get them interested in growing types of plants of supreme excellence, not many, but half a dozen or a dozen — can show the people of America some of the possibili- ties of our great art. (Applause). Mr. E. G. Hill: It is hardly fair to start an old broken down plug after you have seen these fast trotters — to call upon me after you have listened to these orators tonight. Mr. Craig has pretty fully expressed my thoughts with respect to the proposed National Flower Show, but I might say one word in regard to the time of the proposed holding of this Show. Now. we have all had a good time here, we have enjoyed ourselves but, oh. it has been hot; and we have experienced just such weather as this at this season heretofore in other cities. The committee, in considering this matter, thought that if we could hold our Annual Meeting in November and. in connection therewith hold this flower show, we would in all prob- ability double the membership of this society; that, in case we do that, we will present such an attraction and there will be such an incentive to the fraternity, to the florists of the country, that they really could not afford to stay away from our Annual Meeting. Mr. Hill, at this point by way of ilkistration, explained a colored preacher's definition of what he meant by a "phenomenal" occurrence and continued: I think if we could have our Flower Show in connection with our Annual fleeting, in November, we would have a phenomenal meeting, a phenomenal time and a phenomenal Show. I don't think there would be much dif^culty in getting a splendid exhibit from European growers if we would go after them in such a manner as has been outlined by Mr. Craig. One or two gentlemen over there assured me, when I was at their places last year, they would be delighted to make an exhibit in this country; and 124 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION I think we can make it to their interest to do so. There are many things i;cattered over Europe that we could use. We should see how they grow them. I wish that some of us could go to the Temple Show in London, which is really the National Show of the British Empire. We would see there such cultural skill exhibited as would astonish most of us. No wonder that those Scotchmen and Englishmen and Irishmen who come over here are able to teach us and show us how to grow specimen plants and how to develop plants to the very highest degree, for they learn how to do it over there. Then it was my good fortune to attend the National Show in the City of Paris. The Frenchman, if nothing else, is artistic; and I wish we could have some Frenchmen come over here, if we inaugurate this Show, to teach us how to arrange plants in an exhibition and to do it artisti- cally, for it seems to me that whenever a Frenchman touches a group of plants he makes a thing of beauty out of it At the Paris Show they had magnificent rhododendrons and azaleas six to seven feet high, full of flowers, just a wealth of bloom on every plant. We want to educate our- selves up to that standard; and if we hold this Flower Show we will not only be educating the general public, but it will have a reflex influence upon ourselves and upon the profession; we will all be better plantsmen and we will all have a better appreciation of the things which God has given us to bring forth and develop and place before the American people. The American people are in advance of ourselves. We are not keep- ing pace with the times, with the country. We talk about teaching school teachers that they may inculcate ideas of horticulture and floriculture in the minds of the young, but we ourselves need to awaken. I do not ex- cept myself. Most of our places are a shame to us and our profession, and I confess to my own sins in this direction; and we ought all to make amends. Now, if we go into this National Show I believe it will be educative in character, that it will bring great good to every man in the profession, that we will double our Society membership: and I was just telling Phil. Hauswirth that when we start out we ought to start with a thousand life members at $25 apiece. Then we will have $25,000, and that will make a good spinal column for this good old Society of American Florists. (x\p- plause). So let us begin with the idea that we are going to do some- thing, going to be something, that we are going to "get there;" and if we get that idea fixed in our craniums we shall accomplish what we under- take. I believe that this very movement, if we inaugurate it and carry it on, will do us individually and collectively a world of good. But I must not take your time longer. (Applause). SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 125 Mr. J. C. Vaughan reluctantly came forward when called upon by the Chair and said: I think I can endorse what the gentlemen have said as to November being a fitting time to hold the Show and to gather the people together there. I did not meet with the committee today but I believe that to be a fitting time. And I believe we should hold an Annual Meeting at the time of the Show. I believe that that will promote the success of the Show. We have been talking of it so long that I would like to see a good committee take hold of it. I don't see how we can fail if we get the right committee to undertake the work. Something has been said about the financial end of it, but I don't believe we shall have any trouble on that score. We have now somewhere between five and six thousand dollars pledged, and that too without any very definite explanation to the guarantors as to how the project should be carried out. In attempting to raise this guarantee fund I have been met with that question repeatedly as to how, when and where it should be carried out, and it has been impossible for me to give a satisfactory answer. I have explained that it was proposed to have a National Show at some given place, at some fixed time, and have asked subscribers to stand for it and pay their money for it; but we have not succeeded as we would otherwise have succeeded in getting this $10,000. But, as Mr. Craig has said. I believe that that will come. Now, in regard to the location, I will say that if this Show is to be held at Chicago we will do our part; but I regret to say (and I might as well say it bluntly now) that there has not been that reciprocal interest between the East and the West — on the part of the West in attending con- ventions or large meetings or shows in the East or by eastern men in coming to our western exhibitions' — which is essential to unity in any un- dertaking. To make this Show what it should be we must have more en- thusiasm for it in the East so that we can depend upon having two special trains to Chicago from New York. Philadelphia and Boston. If we can be assured that you men of those cities will meet with us, that you will bring on to Chicago, from each city, trains of five or six well-filled cars for that Show, there will not be a doubt in my mind but that we will make it a great success. But you must come and meet with us, not that, we have to have that additional attendance in order to make a Show, but to insure its National character. We can get up quite a grand exhibition, but it will not be the S. A. F. National Flower Show unless you men will come to it and be with us. (ApplauseV Mr. Edwin Lonsdale: I think that, as an efifort will be made to en- 126 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION courage exhibitors from abroad, we ought to refer to this in the future as an International Flower Show. Mr. W. F. Gude: Mr, President, I move that the Society of Ameri- van Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists hold an International Flower Show and Exhibition in the City of Chicago, in November, 1908; the exact date to be fixed by the Executive Board at its next session. Mr. Geo. C. Watson seconded the motion. Mr. E. V. Hallock: I object to the term "International" being used in this instance. The Show is the child of the Society of American Florists. It should remain such, and the Society of American Florists should have all the honor of its parentage. If foreign exhibitors come here they should come upon the same level on which we would have to stand if we would go over there. The shows there are distinctively under the Royal Horticultural Society or the French Horticultural Society; one is British and the other is French; there is no International feature about either. When members of those societies come here, this society natur- ally expects to be benefited b}^ their co-operation; but if we designate our great Show as "International." this society is lost sight of and both it and the country are deprived of the honor and the prestige they have earned by the success of a purely American enterprise. (Applause). :^.ir. Watson disagreed with Mr. Hallock and expressed his belief that the title 'Tnternationar' would attract universal at- tention to the shov/ and thr.r by advertising tlie fact that foreign exhibits as well as our own vrere to be displayed, the public would be impressed with the magnitude and exceptional character of the affair. It would be recognized that a great organization of American tradesmen (the S. A. F.) was behind it and that it was not an annual exhibition but one of no ordinary charac- ter, for which preparations had been made for years. He said that it would in fact be the outcome of years of thought and studv, and he recommended that it be repeated every ten years. Air. Gude said that he had just learned that a resolution on the subject had already been prepared and he therefore withdrew his motion. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 127 Mr. Craig- said he had been instructed by the committee to present a resohition similar to Mr. Gude's motion except that it contained an additional clause. He then offered the following: Resolved, That if this proposed Exhibition be held, it shall be in the month of November, 1908, in the city of Chicago and it is recommended that the date of the Annual Meeting shall be changed from August to November, so that the Exhibition and Annual Meeting shall be held at the same time and place; and that the Executive Board be empowered to prepare forand to hold the proposed Exhibition. Mr. Craig added: If the society approves of this we want them to empower the Executive Board to go ahead with it and to expend this guarantee fund or such part of it as may be necessary, as they shall con- clude. We want the Board to have that power, and we want them to be instructed tonight to go ahead and do the v/ork, if such is the will of the convention. I move the adoption of the resolution. Mr. Yaughan suggested that the Society's Annual Meeting in 1908 might be held in November of that year, without the for- mality of a change of the By-law, by several members coming together at the regular meeting time, in August, and then ad- journing the meeting to the time agreed upon. The convention proceeded to vote, when the resolution was carried without objection, but the discussion was continued in- formally as follows: Mr. E. V. Hallock, commenting upon Mr. Watson's idea about a renewal of the show every ten years, remarked that it might be well to hold an exhibition annually and to diversify this with one of an international character every five years. He also suggested that, if through the influence of Mr. E. G. Hill, some of the prominent gardeners or park superintendents of London and Paris attended this great show in 1908 their presence would have the effect of stimulating the attendance wonderfully and that, if in some cases they preferred to send a capable superintendent to represent them, the society might well afford to pay his expenses. 128 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION President Kasting said the convention had voted to leave the matter entirely with the Executive Board and that, as Mr. Hallock was a member of it. he would have an opportunitv to re- peat his suggestions to the Board at its next meeting. Mr. Watson asked for action at this time upon the question of holding the adjourned meeting in 1908 and amending the By- laws for that purpose by way of informing the Executive Board of the sense of the society. President Kasting replied that he thought such action pre- mature, as there was an abundance of time for it. ]\Ir. Watson reiterated his own view about it and moved thi^t the Executive Board hold a meeting on the question next year. Mr. Hill said he thought there ought to be an expression from the membership on the point at this time, as thev did not want a lot of people to complain afterwards that the Board had gone ahead and done something which was not approved of. Mr. H. B. Beatty made the point that the location of the 1908 meeting must be selected at the 1907 Annual Meeting, as required by the By-law, and therefore it would be unconstitu- tional to fix it two years in advance. President Kasting sustained the point. He explained that if a change of the By-law should be necessary for the holding of an adjourned meeting in 1908 timely notice of an amendment could be given by Mr. Watson. Mr. Bisset endorsed Mr. Hill's suggestion and asked that members favoring an adjourned meeting in that year indicate the fact bv risinsr. '&• Mr. Watson objected, that according to the decision of the chair, this would be legislating two years in advance. He said he had been shut out by this ruling and he wanted it to apply to others. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 129 President Kasting sustained the objection and remarked that, as the matter had been acted upon and everybody wanted to go to Far Hills to see the illumination there, he thought it a good time to close the session. He therefore proposed an adjourn- ment, first announcini,^ that the special committees which had been considering the flower show plans would be continued. On motion of Mr. Alex. Wallace, adjourned until the fol- lowing morning at 9.30 o'clock The members of the society and their ladies immediately took their departure for the country estate of President Patterson of the National Cash Register Company, at Far Hills, where they w^itnessed an electric illumination of the extensive grounds. The beautiful spectacle, portraying the outlines of the trees and fo- liage in varying shades of color, extended for half a mile. It was thoroughly appreciated by the visitors. 130 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION FOURTH DAY, Friday, August 24, 1906. The closing session on Friday morning, for the transaction ot unfinished business, opened two hours after the appointed time. The attendance was small owing partly to the heat and to the visit of many of the members to the factory of the N. C. R. Co. located a short distance from the Fair Grounds. REPORT ON OUTDOOR EXHIBITS. Secretary Stewart presented and read the report from the Committee on Outdoor Exhibits. The report was as follows: The judges appointed to examine and report on the outdoor exhibit of plants beg to submit the following: An exhibit of canna, King Humbert, by Vaughan's Seed Store. Chicago and New York. This is an extra fine exhibit in fine shape. The canna is of fine habit, free flowering, flowers large, good color, dark bronze leathery foliage. The same firm make an exhibit of Baby Rambler rose; also a bed of cannas composed of two unnamed varieties, with Papa Nardy and David Harum. Nathan Smith & Son, Adrian, Mich., make several interesting ex- hibits. A bed of canna, Imperial Gardener Hoppe, as growing here is no improvement over existing varieties. Canna. Express,. by same firm, is a free bloomer of dwarf habit; crimson color. Canna, Director Holtz, yel- low ground, heavily spotted red on smaller petals, others slightly spotted: a very effective color. Plants of good habit. Your committee thinks very highly of this variety and recommend a certificate of merit. Canna, Oscoda; this is not so effective as others in commerce. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 131 Canna, Martha Washington. Salvia splendens Triumph, of good compact habit, early in flower and of good color. The same firm makes a very in- teresting display of hardy herbaceous plants. Very effective at the present time are hibiscus Crimson Eye, Rudbeckia triloba, Boltonia latisquam^ Boltonia asteroides. Helenium autumnale superbum, and phlox, Mrs. Dwyer. From W. F. Kasting, Buffalo, N. Y., an exhibit of canna, Mrs. Kast- ing; color a brilliant red, the flower spike carried well above the foliage,, making it very effective. H. A. Dreer, Philadelphia, makes a very interesting exhibit of Del- phinium Belladonna, petunias, Pennisetum macrophyllum atrosanguineum. and ageratum, Inimitable. Gus. Obermeyer, Parkersburg, W. Va., showed canna. West Vir- ginia. This is an improved form of Antoine Crozy, fine habit and free in flower. Your committee recommend that the Society's silver medal be awarded to Mr. John Freudenberger for his care, planting and tasteful arrangement of the outdoor exhibits. (Signed) Peter Bisset, Edwin Lonsdale, William Miller. On motion of ]\Ir. J. B. Heiss, of Dayton, the reports were received and it was ordered that they be spread upon the minutei. COMMUNICATIONS. Secretary Stewart read a letter, just received, from the Board of Trade of Saginaw, ]\Iich., asking the society to visit that city on the occasion of the semi-centennial celebration there in 1907. On motion of Mr. Geo. C. Watson, the secretary was directed to reply to the invitation. Secretary Stewart announced the receipt of a communication enclosing a copy of a circular authorizing the honoring of all Western Passenger Ass'n certificates for the present convention 132 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION until August 31st, 1906. He explained that the concession came too late to be of practical use to western members who had de- sired to make a trip to Buffalo and who would have extended their visit until the time named if the arrangement had been made earlier. On motion of Mr. Geo. C. Watson provision was made for giving notice of the arrangement to such members as could be reached by a bulletin posted in the Exhibition Hall, and the com- munication was received and filed. HORTICULTURAL CONGRESS AT THE JAMESTOWN, VA., EXPOSITION. Mr. A'aughan called attention to the call for a Horticultural Congress to be held in connection with the Jamestown, Va., Ex- position. He moved the reference of the communication on the subject to the two delegates appointed from the S. A. F. to the National Council of Horticulture, with power to take action upon it. It was so ordered. FINAL RESOLUTIONS. 3.1r. Peter Bisset presented and read the report of the Com- mittee on Final Resolutions. It was as follows: It is resolved that the thanks of the Society be tendered to President J. B. Heiss and other members of the Dayton Florists' Club for the ex- cellent manner in which they have carried out the work that devolved upon them in connection with this Convention. Their labors have tended much to make the meetings and exhibition the great success they have been. Resolved, That to the ladies of the Dayton Florists' Club our thanks he extended for their endeavors to promote the comfort and delectation of Ihe visiting ladies of the S. A. F. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 133 Resolved, That the thanks of the Society also be tendered to H. M. Altick for his masterful handling of the sports and pastimes connected with the Con\ention. Resolved, That to Horace E. Frank, superintendent of trade display, our thanks be tendered for his excellent management of his department. His unfailing courtesy and attention to details are greatly appreciated. Resolved, That we tender our thanks to the daily press of Dayton for their extended and instructive reports of our meetings. Resolved, That to the postmaster of Dayton we return our thanks and appreciation for the postal facilities afforded our Society, which have proved of the utmost convenience. Resolved, That to the Bell Telephone Company and to the Home Telephone Company we give our thanks for the free use of their respec- tive telephone instruments "which they installed in the secretary's ofiftce, which have been of the greatest service and aid to our members. Resolved, That the Society extends its thanks to Mr. Henry Hasse for his unfailing interest and care of the outdoor exhibits; who has v>'orked faithfully to make this feature a success. Resolved, That we tender our thanks to the members of the Dayton Merchant Police for their unfailing zeal in caring for the exhibits in Ex- hibition Hall. On motion of Mr. Edwin Lonsdale, the report was adopted. Mr. E. \'. Hallock moved the following resolution of thanks to the >Cational Cash Register Company. The members of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists assembled in annual convention in the city of Dayton de- sire to hereby express to the National Cash Register Company our sense of gratitude and appreciation for the splendid hospitality lavished upon us at the banquet and stereopticon entertainment in Wellfare Hall, the ob- ject lesson of which will never be lost upon any person whose good for- tune it was to be present upon that occasion and there partake of the bounty and consideration of the National Cash Register Company. On motion of Messrs. \'aughan and Hauswirth, the resolu- tion was adopted. 134 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION Mr. E. V. Hallock presented for a special vote of the conven- tion an address embodying sentiments of personal esteem for Mr. John H. Patterson and appreciation of the work of that gentleman for the uplifting of the community. He said that various sugges- tions had been made by members in regard to the sending of an engrossed copy of the address to Mr. Patterson. Secretary Stewart suggested that a typewritten copy be sent to that gentleman, accompanied with a statement that an engrossed copy, in course of preparation, would be forwarded to him later. The address and an order for its engrossment, as suggested, were adopted with much applause. THE NATIONAL FLOWER SHOW. Mr. J. C Vaughan inquired, for general information, as tt> the present status of the movement for a National Flower Show. He said he desired to have it known upon whom the responsibility for instituting the movement devolved and as to the manner in which it was to be initiated. He called attention to the fact that the next regular meeting of the Executive Board would not be held until March next, and he said he was apprehensive that if nothing was done until then much valuable time that might be utilized in the work of preparation would be lost. He also in- quired as to the fund for the Exhibition and whether the details concerning it had been left to the Executive Board. Mr. Lonsdale replied that he thought the preliminary sched- ules could be distributed in the coming November, so as to show that the society was getting ready for the Exposition. Mr. Plallock said his understanding was that the resolution adopted by the convention stated positively that the show would be held and removed all doubt on that point. He thought the SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 135 publication of that resolution in the horticultural press would have a beneficial efifect. Mr. Lonsdale said he understood there were now two com- mittees having supervision of the Flower Show, viz, the Schedule Committee and the regular committee on the subject. Mr. Vaughan replied that the Schedule Committee, apparent- ly by common consent, were going ahead with the work. He sug- gested that, unless there was objection, it should be understood that they were to continue to go ahead in order that they might give the Executive Board something definite to vote upon at its next meeting. Secretary Stewart, in reply to Mr. Vaughan, explained that a special meeting of the Executive Committee could be called, on the order of the president or at the request of a majority of the members of the Executive Board. Air. Hallock said his understanding was that it was the sense of the convention that specific authority had been given the Ex- ecutive Board to proceed if in their judgment it was deemed ad- visable. Mr. Hauswirth: Mr. President, I move that it is the sense of this meeting that the Executive Board hold a meeting in the city of Chicago in November next. The motion was adopted without objection. The business of the Annual Meeting here closed and the Con- vention adjourned. During Friday morning the delegates visited the extensive establishment of the National Cash Register Company and in- spected the factor}', one of the model institutions of its kind in the world. 136 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION In the afternoon they were conveyed by trolleys to the Sol- diers' Home, in the suburbs of Dayton, where they were received by Governor J. B. Thomas, the commander of the Home, and his staff. Chairman Heiss of the local club, presented each of the visitors. Brief addresses were then made to the visitors, in Memorial Hall, by President Kasting and Messrs. Heiss and Lutzenberger of the Dayton Club upon the success of the convention and the details of arrangements for its entertainment. A concert was given by the Federal band. Wm. J. Stewart, Secretary. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 137 REPORTS OF STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS FOR 1906. ALABAMA. As Vice-President of Alabama, I have the pleasure of submitting the following report: Reports from the various florists in all parts of the State to v^hom I have sent circulars state that business has been exceptionally good during the past season. Prices about the same as last year for cut flowers, palms, ferns and decorative plants, but bedding plants sold low. Bulbous stock sold better last year; narcissi and Dutch hyacinths were the leaders with little demand for lily of the valley. There have been approximately 25,000 feet of new glass erected dur- ing the past year. Birm.ingham claims about fifteen thousand feet. The. growers of our State are awakening to the fact that competition is the life of trade. A few years ago there was not twenty thousand feet of glass in the whole State devoted to cut-flower growing, and most of our growers have at this date, August ist, all roses and carnations planted for cut flowers, while there is over 200,000 feet devoted to the above in this State. I tell you, brother florists, this is getting to be an enterprising State. Every one has a hustle on and the prospects are looking bright for the coming season. There has been established during the past season at Fruitdale an enterprising company in the nursery and floral business. I think we should have a change of vice-presidents each year, the same as the president. I think it might put new life and new ideas into our business. Respectfully submitted. Hugh Seales, State Vice-President. COLORADO. I take pleasure in reporting that the florists in general throughout Coloiado have been very prosperous during the year just passed. The supply and demand seem to have been pretty well balanced throughout 138 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION the year, so that, except for short periods, there has been very little surplus of stock and no great shortage. This season has seen considerable new glass erected in Colorado Springs and in Denver, while a number of small places have been erected in towns in the State where there have been no florists previously. I think I am safe in saying that the stock produced has been of a better average quality than ever before. Trade in bedding plants, hardy perennials and shrubbery has shown a decided increase. General business condition? seem good throughout the State, and there is everything to indicate that the florists have a prosperous year ahead of them. Respectfully, J. A. Valentine, State Vice-President. CONNECTICUT. W. F. Kasting, Esq., President of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists: In compliance with the customary duties of a State Vice-President, I herewith submit to you a short report on general topics of horticulture in the State of Connecticut. From information received from florists in the largest towns of this State. I can detect a general prosperity in the florist business and the outlook for the future may bo accepted as a bright and encouraging one. Most of the florists obtained good prices for their cut flowers; this ap- plies mostly to perfectly grown carnations, roses and violets and where the product has been sold directly to the consumer. Among the roses which "have won great popularity, are Killarney. Richmond and Madame Chatenay, while American Beauties, Bridesmaids and Brides still hold their own in steady popular favor. Carnations are steadily improving each year but, notwithstanding all the new varieties that are showered down upon us, Enchantress seems to be still a special favorite. Bulbous flowers have been in more active de- mand and we note that the growers are now planting some of the better varieties, which are recognized and called for by the purchasers. In nar- cisusses. Golden Spur, Emperor and Horsfieldii, are grown satisfactorily. Tulips, Rose Grisdelin, Murillo, Thos. Moore, etc., are often seen now and make a decided change from the old varieties. Kaiser Kroon, La Reine, Cottage Maid, etc., usually grown. Easter lilies were plentiful and sold at reduced prices. Some florists report very profitable sales on Ensrlish violets. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 139 Outdoor flowers were splendid this season; the roses were about as perfect as I ever saw them. The finest display of outdoor roses was in Elizabeth Park, Hartford. Tliis rose-garden was created by former Superintendent of Parks, Theodore Wirth, and has proven to be a grand success and much admired by the public. Bedding plants have been plen- tiful in the market, but have sold fairly well. Nursery business has kept pace with the times; a marked increase in the sale of ornamental trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants is noticed, while the sale of fruit trees for garden planting fell short — this mostly due to the ravage of the San Jose scale. Orchard planting, however, has increased largely, especially apple trees, notwithstanding the above trouble. Landscape gardening has been a busy branch of the nursery busi- ness, this greatly due to the fact that people are getting more systematic about building up houses and therefore seek the advice of practical land- scapemen, who are apt to introduce- better arrangements of planting and congenial layouts. The fall planting of evergreens and herbaceous plants is getting more and more popular, our magazines and illustrated weeklies doing much in their advertisements to advance this particular idea which is a great advantage for both nurseryman and customer in a good many cases. A few new greenhouses have been built, among the largest being three houses, 20, 40 and 54 ft. by 400 ft. each for roses, erected at Cromwell. With seedsmen and market gardeners, conditions are favorable and ahead of former years. The seed firms have cleaned up their stock. The crop of potatoes is fine and at the present time no rot has set in. The corn crop is famous; beans, cabbage, turnips, etc., show a good average crop. In some sections growers complain of clubroot, a trouble which has caused considerable damage to some individuals. Our professional organizations show prosperity and progress, and the public has taken much interest in their flower shows and small exhibi- tions. Much can be said for the good these associations work, especially in the adornment of small homes, and here is where the exchange of ideas of advancement, etc., bears fruit; small landscape gardeners and jobbers meet and afterward carry out the ideas they have obtained at the meet- ings to the benefit of themselves, their customers and the public in general. The work is done better, pleasing effects are noticeable here and there; in fact the proofs of betterment are in evidence all around the larger cities and towns. With regret, I mention the loss of one of our leading florists, John Reck of Bridgeport, who died at 'a comparatively young age, after a long and painful illness. It is also to be regretted that Theodore Vv^irth, formerly superin- 140 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION tendent of parks in Hartford, has left his position for a similar one in Minneapolis, Minn. During his ten years' stay in this State he has been a leading spirit in horticultural work and has consequently done much for the welfare of horticulture in general. Respectfully submitted, GusTAv X. Amrhyn, State \^ice-President FLORIDA. As Vice-President of the State of Florida I submit herewith my re- port for the year. The past year has been a very prosperous one in this State in all lines of business, and I am confident that while the florists and horticul- turists have contributed to that prosperity, they also have received their share of it, and while I do not note any great advancement in florist lines I consider the business in a good sound condition. Some new glass has been put up in St. Augustine and Tampa. The demand, however, is not large locally, for Florida has no large cities, neither is the demand steady as in more thickly populated States. Then we are so far from a good market and our express rates are so high that the grower with a surplus is up against a loss, consequently the disposi- tion of the craft is to go slow, keeping a weather eye on general condi- tions and only increase the supply as fast as the local demand promises to use it. In conversation and correspondence with the florists of the State the impression seems to prevail that cost of attending the Conventions, on account of the long distance we have to travel and in view of the re- stricted limitation placed on the tickets by the railroads, is too much for what we receive. If there was a longer time allowed (say thirty days) on the transportation, a man could stay away long enough to get his money's worth. Most of the florists down here do not have a superabundant supply of the coin of the realm, in fact the nimble dollars that we read about are so nimble down here that the average florist has hard work to corral enough of them to pay the hired man and keep hog and hominy on the table. Consequently, I'm sorry to say that I do not think Florida will have a large delegation at Dayton this year. I am glad to report that the florists and nurserymen are not retrograding, they are making steady and permanent advancement, not only in the' old well-trodden ways, but also in the newer paths of theory and experiment, and every year we are find- ing it possible to do, to grow, and to produce in Florida things that have SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 141 heretofore been considered impossible, and are fast demonstrating to the outside world that Florida sand (which is poor enough, God knows) will grow something besides oranges and pineapples. So wiping the beads of perspiration from our brow, and taking another hitch in our trousers, we are constrained to say that from a florist's standpoint the outlook is all right and we feel reasonably certain that in due time we ''shall reap if we faint not." C. D. Mills, State Vice-President. GEORGIA. As State Vice-President I take pleasure in submitting my report for the State of Georgia. For several years past there has been no room for complaint in the sale of cut flowers and plants. The past season shows a very decided increase m all branches of the trade, especially so in the line of bedding plants, palms, ferns, etc., the supply in the South being inadequate. Judging from reports received there must be an increase of about twenty-five per cent, of sales in the State, and the addition to old places continues. There have been added to places in Atlanta about loo.ooo square feet of glass the past season, and yet there is room for more. There is a fine opening for a number of small growers in and near Atlanta to grow each some few special things, and these openings will have to be filled by parties from east, north or west, as experienced help is a scarce article here. To very much promote the interest of this Society here, it will be necessary to hold a meeting somewhere in the South in the near future. With best wishes for future success of all members of our Society, I am, Yours truly, J. E. Jackson, State Vice-President KANSAS. As Vice-President of the State of Kansas, I will again submit my report of trade conditions as found by reports from various florists in the State. The past year has been one of the most successful in the history of the business; all things show an increase from ten per cent, upwards to one hundred per cent., owing to the splendid crops of the past two years which have put our farmers in good circumstances, with a bank ac- count, and spending money with the merchants, the florists coming in for a share; but the great wheel must start with our farmers in Kansas. 142 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION The early spring was rather dry, which set. some things back, but the continued wet weather in June, July and August so far has been some- thing unheard of and things in our line have never been more promising. We have the heaviest crop of wheat, oats and corn ever seen; fruit in abundance — plenty for all and to spare, and of the best quality. Altogether, by the reports from florists, they are going to be pre- pared to take care of the business, as there is lots of rebuilding and add- ing new glass to their places. In plants and hardy shrubs there seems to be an increasing demand — more for the hardy shrubs than for bedding plants. In cut flowers our people are willing to pay a higher price for good roses, carnations, etc., than ever before. Designs are taking a back seat, while the demand for loose bunches or sprays is increasing. The call for good cut flowers and plants for Christmas and Easter has increased very rapidly in the past two or three years The one thing I regret very much is that after writing to every florist in our great State of Kansas, I find so few of them have interest enough in the S. A. F. to join us. Our State is young and our florists have had a hard time to make both ends meet, but with good crops, plenty of live stock, gas, oil and coal, we are beginning to see the golden rays peeping out from behind the clouds, and prosperity is in our line and soon w^e will be able to give our big Kansas glass factory some work as we spread out over the State. Chas. p. Mueller, State \'ice-President. ILLINOIS— NORTH. As State Vice-President for Illinois, north, I am pleased to make the following report. A great majority of the trade are well satisfied with their business the past year, a reasonable increase being the general rule. The growers were somewhat benefited by the mild winter and con- sequently comparatively small coal bills. However, the saving was offset by a shortage of stock which is attributed by most of the growlers to the mild weather. The growlers of this vicinity have generally increased the capacity of their establishments while a number of the large growers have erected additions to their greenhouses which increased their respective glass area by from fifty thousand to one hundred and fifty thousand square feet and one firm erected two hundred and fifty thousand square feet. A couple of years ago saw a number of vegetable growers who were not particularly successful in their line embarking in the carnation business, but this sea- son most of them have returned to their original vocation. These changes were practically balanced by the carnation growers who entered the vege- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 143 table business and have since resumed growing carnations. The past year has noted a considerable betterment in ihe condition of greenhouse em- ployes, the demand for good help having materially increased wages and the employers having taken an interest in improving their condition otherwise. The nurserymen report an extremely satisfactory season, the peony having helped materially in making a prosperous year. One of the largest nurserymen states that their sale of peony clumps the past year were greater than the aggregate sales of this stock for the past five years. The growers of bulbous stock complain that they have been greatly handi- capped on account of having their heavy crops at the most inopportune times — simultaneously with the heavy crops of roses and carnations. The dealers in florists' supplies report a good business and state that the de- mand for novelties has increased remarkably. We believe that the great Chicago Flower Show last November gave the trade a decided "boost." It certainly far surpassed any previous show in Chicago. The very agreeable and the most important feature of the show in lending to its success was the unanimous and active support ac- corded by the retail dealers. The remarkable success of the venture has assured a much more extensive exhibition this year. Leonard Kill, State Vice-President. INDIANA. The past season in Indiana has been a profitable one for the florist and nurseryman. An unusually large trade through the winter and spring months has been experienced in this State. Good stock has always de- manded good prices and bedding stock was sold out clear. Geraniums seem to take the lead in bedding stock. S. A. Nutt, Alphonse Ricard and Castellaine seem to be the most called for in red; Mrs. E. G. Hill, Castris and Jean Viaud the leading pink ones; Harcourt and Garr the white ones. There has been a great demand for salvia, China asters, pansies and other bedding stock. Carnation plants both old and new sold readily. The de- mand in some varieties was greater than the supply and a great many orders could not be filled. This season has been a -favorable one for out-door plants. A little dry with a few occasional showers now and then brought the plants in the field right along. A great deal of new glass has been added and some of the older establishments are being put in modern conditions. The prospects for next season are looking very favorable and the 144 PROCEEDINGS OF TWEXTY-SECOXD CONVENTION indications are for a year of prosperity, stock being well grown and weather conditions being favorable for housing them. The Chrysanthemum Show at Indianapolis last November was a grand success, the stock exhibited there being very superior. The ex- hibits were large in all classes and the decorations could not be surpassed. These flower shows should be visited by every fiorist who can afford the opportunity. A great deal of information can be sought at these shows and also our florist conventions. Respectfully submitted, Theo. a. Dorner, State Vice-President. IOWA. As State Vice-President for Iowa, I have the honor to submit a brief report of the horticultural progress during the past year. Progress, meaning an advancement toward a higher and better de- gree, seemed to have reigned throughout the State. This has been due to the great prosperity of the country in general and especially that of the State of Iowa. Sunshine, one of the main factors of plant growth — having as we did an unusual amount during the past winter — made it a very favorable grow- ing season. However, the low temperature and the unusual amount of mois- ture during the nights of the early part of this season was rather hard on the young stock; but judging from our owm locality and others from which I have heard, the stock in general is in fine condition and somewhat farther advanced than it was at this time last year. The trade conditions throughout the State seemed to have averaged fully equal to those of last year and in many localities they were greatly increased. There seems to be a tendency developing more each year at "Holiday time" for the desire of blooming plants rather than cut flowers. People seem to think that they receive better value for their money. The building of greenhouses has been somewhat limited, although some additions were made. Several new establishments have sprung up throughout the State. Indications point toward a good and prosperous season for the florists in general, but on account of numerous failures of large institu- tions, including a number of banks throughout the country, it seems to sound a note of warning that this period of great prosperity is about to change. If this be true, it would be much better for us to be somewhat more conservative about building new greenhouses. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 145 At the State horticultural meeting, which was held last December in Des ]\Ioines, there were several interesting papers pertaining to floricul- ture. It is hoped that this interest will continue to develop. I have tried at different times to obtain new members for our national society, and although I have written a great many letters, I have been un- successful. It seems hard to get an outside florist interested in this or- ganization. However I expect to continue in this work and hope to secure some at a later date. In connection with this report, I should like to be permitted to ask one question. "Why is it that there are so many florists who are so un- friendly and jealous of their brother v/orkers?" Gentlemen. I believe that this is entirely the wrong spirit to be allowed to develop and especially among the florists. Our products are not essentials of life and the people ■do not have to have them. They must be taught to love flowers. This •can be accomplished by our working together and being willing to impart what knowledge we can to a brother florist and the people in general, in- stead of trying at times to deceive them. We might say that the florist "business is comparatively new and its future development depends upon the florists throughout the country. Respectfully submitted. Roy F. Wilcox, State Vice-President. LOUISIANA. As Vice-President for the State of Louisiana I herewith submit this my report for the past year. It gives me much pleasure to be able to state that much progress lias been made in every line of our profession in this section. Within the past year horticulture in its many branches has made considerable headway and it appears that the growers of this State are be- ginning to reap what justly belongs to them in a horticultural way. For many years the profession in our State has been conducted in a rather modest way, when we consider the natural advantages w^e possess and the adaptability of our soil and climate to the growth of many trees, plants, flowers, etc., we formerly purchased from northern firms. Within the past year or so the craft appear to have awakened con- siderably, and to be making great efforts to secure business from a larger area, and to be doing things on a much larger scale than prevailed heretofore. Where it was the custom a few years ago to send to our -northern brethren for such stock as bay trees, azaleas, arancarias, etc., in 146 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION dozen and half hundred lots, we now import direct from Belgium in 500 and 1,000 lots. Arecas and kentias are grown in 10,000 lots from seed imported direct from the tropics and often grown to salable sizes without spending a cent for coal, being wintered over in cold frames and summered out- doors with a slight lath protection against the rays of the sun, this pro- ducing stronger and healthier plants than can be purchased elsewhere. That there has been a general awakening is evidenced by the organi- zation of the Society of Southern Florists, which was born of the New Orleans Horticultural Society and formally organized at Chattanooga, Tenn., on May 226. past. Being president of the New Orleans Horticultural Society at the time this movement to organize a southern society was launched, I can say that I do not believe it will in any way effect the usefulness or membership of our national Society, but owing to the vastness of the territory cov- ered by the national Society, and entirely different methods being required for our southern climate, it has been deemed necessary to call together in annual convention southern growers and dealers where methods strictly southern could be discussed. It is not so very long ago that the bulk of the plant business of our State was done by northern firms through their catalogues, and our local firms catered strictly to the trade in the immediate vicinity of their estab- lishments, but at present we have several firms who spend thousands of dollars on their own catalogues, and ship to nearly ever\^ State in the south and to Central America also. It has long been the custom for our retail florists to send to northern cut-flower centres for their supply of choice cut flowers, but within the past year there has been constructed in the suburbs of New Orleans a magnificent range of glass for the growth of fancy cut flowers. Notwithstanding the lateness of the season when the houses were completed, the firm supplied roses during the past winter and spring that were very fine, and cut flowers often that would compare favorably with those grown anyv/here. As to carnations they will have to be given another and fairer trial. With the increasing demand for choice cut flowers in this section, establishments of this kind where fancy flowers can be had in wholesale lots at a moment's notice, and perfectly fresh at that, will be of great benefit to our retail establishments, who heretofore were compelled ta order their flowers from nearly a thousand miles away and many times when received were in a withered condition and not fit to use. To those who wish to grow their own it has been demonstrated that it can be done, and while the season in which we can cut really first-class SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 147 flowers is comparatively short, this is more than offset by the difference in cost to us and freshness of stock when sold — lasting double the time that imported flowers do. When we consider the enormous amount of money that annually finds its way to the north for fruit and shade trees, shrubbery, ornamental plants, cut flowers, etc., from this section, it is remarkable with our milder climate and consequent better facilities for growing this stock at a much lower cost, that these conditions have prevailed so long, but it is evident from the efforts I note among growers all over this State, that these con- ditions will soon cease and that the day is not far distant when instead of being the buyers, we will be the sellers and possibly at a much lower price than we are now paying. During the month of November of last year there was held in New Orleans under the auspices of the New Orleans Horticultural Society, a fall flower show in which the special feature was the exhibition of chry- santhemums; and while the season for their culture had been exceedingly unfavorable, the exhibits were quite creditable and in the cut-flower classes could not be surpassed. This was the first flow^er show held in years that did not prove a financial failure. There is a steady increase in the interest displayed by the public in the cultivation of plants and flowers and, to show to what an extent it has developed, I might mention the organization of the New Orleans Floral Society, an organization composed of plant and flower lovers, that numbers among its members many prominent society leaders, and whose purpose it is to increase the cultivation of plants and flowers among the people and by its system of dues guarantee to the New Orleans Horti- cultural Society that it will incur no financial loss at any of its future flower shows. This society will no doubt be of great benefit to us and will encourage our exhibitors to greater efforts. After a careful summary of the business in all its branches, I can report great progress made and if we are to judge the future of horti- culture in Louisiana by the progress it has made in the past year then the outlook is indeed very bright. P. A. Chopin, State Vice-President. MARYLAND. Reports received by me from various parts of the State indicate an unmistakable increase in the volume of business transacted a.s compared with the preceding year, the increase being conservatively placed at from 20 to 25 per cent. The larger portion of the increase seems to have been in the cut-flower trade. Active demand at good prices has been the rule 148 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION and, as a consequence, many growers in the State are adding largely to their establishments, among whom are many of the most conservative and far-seeing members of the trade, a fact which argues well for the outlook for the com.ing year. The pot-plant and bedding trade, while good during the early part of the year, particularly at Easter time, did not show the same impetus as was apparent last year. The sale of these is probably as great as last year, but many growers prepared for an increase, which did not materialize, excepting in isolated cases. There have been a great many suburban residences erected on the outskirts of Baltimore and vicinity, calling for considerable landscape work and nursery stock, and local florists report an excellent trade in this line, which bids fair to increase considerably. Many of our growers are specializing more and the result will undoubtedly be better stock. Baltimore has fully recovered from the disastrous fire of 1904, and the consensus of opinion is that all lines of business have been greatly benefited either in a direct or an indirect way. The florists' trade in general comes in for a full share of the above. One of the direct results of the fire was the placing of several large loans for various improve- ments, among w^hich was a three million dollar loan for the extension of the City Park system, thus keeping Baltimore on a par in this respect with other large cities of the country. The only wholesale commission house in the State is a socialistic or co-operative affair, controlled entirely by florists of the State. It has been a pronounced success from the start, and is today stronger and better than ever. Perhaps fully four-fifths of the wholesale cut-flower business of the State passes through this mart. A handsome and com- modious new home is now nearing completion, at a cost of $30,000, every dollar of which has been subscribed and paid for by the stock holders, which is, perhaps, unique in the history of horticultural hall buildings in this country. The new quarters will be occupied about November ist. The basement and first floor will be used for the business, and the second floor will be the future home of the Gardeners' Club, but will also be used for other purposes, including the holding of the various flower shows by the club troughout the year. A chrysanthemum show will be held this fall; the first since 1903, and will undoubtedly prove a success financially and otherwise. The Gardeners' Club is in a flourishing condition, with a member- ship of 135. In June the members of the club enjoyed a delightful outing at the home of INIr. Wm. Lanahan. and on August 8 many micmbers at- tended the State Horticultural Society's meeting at Berlin, and continued the trip to Ocean City for two days. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 149 T regret to report the passing away of Anthony Cook, whose fame as one of the earliest as well as one of the most successful hybridizers of roses in this country is secure. He died full of years and honors. Respectfully submitted, William Weber, State Vice-President. MASSACHUSETTS— EAST. It gives me pleasure to herewith present my report on trade condi- tions in Eastern Massachusetts during the last year which, taken all in all, has been the most prosperous one the florists have ever experienced. Prices in the cut-tlower markets have not shown any advance, but an increasingly large volume has been dispensed of not only in Boston, but in the many other cities in this part of the old Bay State. Carnations have proved more popular than roses, and have frequently cleared out well when man}^ roses were unsold. First class stock never fails to sell no matter what the flower may be. Single violets meet with a rapidly in- creasing sale and net much higher prices than the doubles; this is not sur- prising when their fine color, length of stem and size are considered. Orchids are meeting with m^ore favor at the better-class retail stores, and many more would be sold were there not so many private collections amongst our wealthy flower lovers. Chrysanthemums have considerably declined in popularity and do not now prove a very remunerative crop. The taste for big blooms which originated in Boston has largely died out and medium sizes or undisbudded sprays are preferred by many of the most critical buyers. We believe this tendency towards smaller blooms will gradually spread to other cities. A moderate amount of glass roaf has been built during the past year, but quite a number of new firms have started which goes to show that business is in a healthy state. A considerable area of glass devoted ex- clusively to the growing of cucumbers, tomatoes and lettuce has been erected. Massachusetts is noted for these productions and prices during the past season have generally been satisfactory. Quite a number of flor- ists find it profitable to grow catch crops of tomatoes and cucumbers dur- ing the summer months. There is a constant growth in the number of private estates requiring the services of skilled gardeners, and a good many houses have been built for the culture of flowers and fruits on these estates. The steady addition to the num.bers of greenhouses on prH'ate estates seems to make no dif- ference to florists' trade, as we seldom hear of any of them selling their productions as is commonly done in some States. 150 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION We have had during the present year some notable exhibitions and conventions at Horticultural Hall, Boston. In January the Carnation So- ciety gave us a rich treat; in March the American Rose Society produced the finest exhibition of the Queen of Flowers probably ever held m America; in June the smaller but none the less excellent Peony Society met with us, and provided another good show. The regular exhibitions of the Massa- chusetts Horticultural Society have also been of a very high standard. The Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Boston continues to grow and prosper; it now has — August, 1906 — over 330 members, with prospects of a heavy increase the coming fall. Membership is pretty equally divided between commercial growers and private gardeners. Meetings are always verj^ largely attended. The North Shore Horticultural Society and other clubs and societies in this part of the State are all in a prosperous ■condition. The demand for good pot plants in flower has been very noticeable at the holidays. Some of our best grov/ers are realizing the needs of our market and are producing better stock than has been brought in from other plant-growing centres. Ornamental trees and shrubs of the more popular sorts should prove a remunerative branch for some florists; the g >. Johnson, C. A.. 1317 N. Clark street, Chicago. Juerjens, B., Peoria. Kanst, E. A., South Park. Chicago. Keller, Geo., 361-363 Herndon street, Chicago. Kenna, Dennis, 257 E. Ontario street. Chicago. Kill, Leonard, 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Klehm, Chas., Arlington Heights. Klopfer, G., Peoria. Kroeschell, W. L., 55 Erie street, Chicago. Kuhl, Geo. A., Pekin. Kyle, W. P., 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Labo, J., Joliet. Lange, A., 40 E. Madison street, Chicago. Lautenschlager, Fred, 2561 N. 41st street court. Chicago. Longren, A. F., Box 1354, Joliet. Martin, F. W., 280-290 40th street, Chicago. McKellar, C. W.. 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago. McKinstry, D. S., Kankakee. McPheron, R. A., Litchfield. Mosbaek, Ludvig, Onarga. ONeil, B., Elgin. Palinsky, W. L., 66 Palmer avenue, Chicago. Peterson, Andrew, Hoopeston. Peterson. Wm. A., Lincoln and Peterson avenues. Chicago. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. I LLIiNOIS— Continued. 227 Pieser, G. H., 44 Randolph street, Chicago. Poehlmann, Adolph, ^lorton Grove. Poehlmann, August, 35 Randolph street, Chicago. Poehlmann, John, 35 Randf^lph street, Chicago. Reardon, C. J., Hinsdale. Reinberg, Peter, 3468 N. Robey street. Chicago. Ringier, A., Woodlawn Point, Chicago. Reber. J. C, care J. W. Sefton Co., Chicago. Rudd. W. N., Mt. Greenwood Rupp, N J., 297-307 Hawthorne avenue, Chicago. Samuelson, C. A., 2129 Michigan avenue, Chicago. Sanders, Edgar, 1669 Belmont avenue, Chicago. Schneider, A. H., Oak Park. Schummer, M., 932 Osgood street, Chicago. Schupp, Philip, C, J. A. Budlong Estate, Chicago. Scott, C. W., 84 Randolph street, Chicago. Scott, Geo. L., 393 West Morison street, Chicago. Sinner, John, Rogers Park, Chicago. Smely, Jos. M., 354 S. 4th street, Aurora. Smyth, W. J., 270 31st street, Chicago. Staack, John, 2702 6th avenue, Moline. Stevens, J. H., 45 Wabash avenue. Chicago. Swenson, Gustav, Elmhurst. Thompson, J. D., Joliet. Vaughan, A. L., 60 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Vaughan, J. C, 84-86 Randolph street, Chicago. Vaughan, L. H., 84-86 Randolph street, Chicago. Washburn, C. L., 76 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Washburn, Frank L., Bloomington. Weiland, Geo., 602 Davis street Evanston. Wienhoeber, E., 417 Elm street. Chicago. Wienhoeber, G. W.. 417 Elm street, Chicago. Wietor. N. J., 51 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Willius, John, Danville. Wilson, Jas. S., Western Springs. Winterson, E. F., 45 Wabash avenue. Chicago. Winterson, L. H., 45-49 Wabash avenue, Chicago. Wittbold. Geo., 1657 Buckingham place, Chicago. Wood, W. K., 127 E. Berwyn avenue, Chicago. Zender, A., 3529 Ridge avenue, Chicago. 228 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION INDIANA. Theo. a. Dorner, Lafayette, State Vice-President. Bertermann, Irvin C, Indianapolis. Bertermann, John, 241 Massachusetts avenue, Indianapolis. Billingsley, Wm., Indianapolis, Blackman, Wm., Evansville. Bullock, Mrs. E. M., 812 Marion street, Elkhart. Carmody, J. D., Evansville. Coles, W. W., Kokomo. Dorner, F. E., Lafayette. Dorner, Fred, Lafayette. Dorner, Theo. A., Lafayette. Evans, J. A., Richmond. Forest, Jacob, Greenfield. Cause, G. R., Richmond. Gingrich, Irving, South Bend. Grave, Vernon D., Richmond. Heinl Fred C.", 129 S. 7th street, Terre Haute. Hill, E. Curney, Richmond. Kiiz, L. E., Madison. Jones, J. E., 542 N. 14th street, Richmond. Leach, John S., Hartford City. Moore, Geo. F., 341 East 6th street, Rushville. Pastor, Geo., Huntington. Rasmussen. Anders, New Albany. Rieman, H. W., East and Main streets, Indianapolis. Seele, H. 'D., Elkhart. Small, Dan. E., 221 E. Sycamore street, Kokomo. Smith, F. Sydney, 30th street and Senate avenue, Indianapolis. Sonnenchmidt, Carl, Indianapolis. Vcsey, W. J., 2602 Thompson avenue, Fort Wayne. Wiegand, A., 1610 N. Illinois street, Indianapolis. Wiegand, Geo. B., 1610 N. Illinois street, Indianapolis. IOWA. Roy F. Wilcox, Council Bluffs, State Vice-President. Bather, John R., Clinton. Fulmer, J. T. D.. 910 Des Moines street, Des Moines. Greene, Wesley. Des Moines. Harkett, W. A., Dubuque. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 229 IOWA— Continued. Kramer, J. A., Cedar Rapids. Larson, P. L., Fort Dodge. Page, Charles N., Des Moines. Perry, W. B., Cresco. Symonds, W. T., Decorah. Temple, J. T., Davenport. Wilcox, J. F., Council Bluffs. Wilcox, Roy F., Council Bluffs. KANSAS. C. P. Mueller, Wichita, State Vice-President. Roehr, Oscar, 1425 Fillmore street, Topeka. Mueller, Chas. P., Wichita. Myers, Hiram, Wellington. Shanks, C. L., 429 W. 7th street. Newton. Whitcomb, A. H., Lawrence. KENTUCKY. Fred L. Schulz, Louisville, State Vice-President. Baumer, Aug. R., 644 Fourth avenue, Louisville. Dieterich, C. P., 219 Market street, Maysville. Gerlach, Wm., 13 Breckenridge street, Lexington. Harbison, Arthur, Harrodsburg. Harbison, S. M., Danville. Honaker, D. B., 162 W. Main street, Lexington. Honaker, O. S., 162 W. Main street, Lexington. Michler, Chas., Jr., Lexington. ]\Iichler, Louis A., Lexington. Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville. Schulz, Fred Louis, 1325 East Broadway, Louisville. Schulz, Jacob, 644 4th avenue, Louisville. Walker, H. G., 644 4th avenue, Louisville. LOUISIANA. P. A. Chopin, New Orleans, State Vice-President. Chopin, P. A., 8th and Magazine streets, New Orleans. Cook, Henry, 7417 Pearl street, New Orleans. 230 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION LOUISIANA— Continued. Cook, M., 143 Baronne street, New Orleans. Eble, Charles, 106 Baronne street, New Orleans. Newsham, J. A., 1402 Nashville avenue, New Orleans. Papworth, H., New Orleans. Rehm, Henry, 500 Cherokee street, New Orleans. Rehm. W., 806 Canal street, Nev/ Orleans. Valdejo, E., 6037 Hurst street, New Orleans. Virgin, Uriah J., 838 Canal street, New Orleans. MAINE. Dirwanger, Albert, Portland. MARYLAND. William Weber, Oakland, State Vice-President. Bauer, Fred C, Govanstown. Bester, H. A., 44 E. Baltimore street, Hagerstown. Bester, William, 205 South Potomac street, Hagerstown. Boone, J. W., Druid Hill Park, Baltimore. Cook, John, 318 North Charles street, Baltimore. Cook, John A., 318 N. Charles street, Baltimore. Dayhoff, Mrs. L. D., Mt. Rainear. Flitton, N. F., Clifton Park, Baltimore. Graham, Robert L., 623 Aisquith street, Baltimore. Halliday, Robert, 329 North Charles street, Baltimore. Hess, Conrad, 329 Fi-iendship avenue, Waverly. Hess. George W., Kenilworth, Prince George County. Kalb, Geo. S., Catonsville. Kaplinger, J. H., Govanstown. Kramer, William H., 2859 Penn avenue. Baltimore. Lehr, Henry M., Brooklyn. Madsen, Wm., Govanstown. Magruder, Miss Mary, Sandy Spring. Millman, F. X., Jr., Cumberland. Moss, I. H., Govanstown. Perry, John J.. 505 N. Eutaw street, Baltimore. Richm.ond. Mack, 1813 N. Pulaski street, Baltimore. Seidewitz, E. A., 36 W. Lexington street, Baltimore. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 231 MARYLAND— Continued. Seybold, Charles L., Patterson Park, Baltimore. Uffler, C, Govanstown, Vincent, R., Jr., White Marsh. Vincent, R. A., White Marsh. Weber, WilHam, Oakland. Welsh, Philip B., Glen Morris, Baltimore. MASSACHUSETTS. W. N. Craig, N Easton; H. C. Schmeiske, Lenox, State Vice-Presidents. Abbott, John, Hinsdale. .^^ Anderson, William F., Waftham. Barrows, Henry H., Jr., "Whitman. Bellows, Charles A., Adamsdale. Brague, L, B., Hinsdale. Brague, L. H., Hinsdale. Breck, Chas. H., 51 and 52 N. IMarket street, Boston. Breed, E. W., Clinton. Bryant, L. D., Box 11, Kingston. Butterworth, J. T., South Framingham. Castle, W. W., 170 Summer street, Boston. Collins, Thomas, Hinsdale. Coolidge, Arthur F., 14 Coolidge avenue, Cambridge. Cook, H. A., Shrewsbury. Cotter, Lawrence, 321 Centre street, Dorchester. Craig, W. N., North Easton. Daggett, W. A., 431 Medford street, Charlestown, Donahoe, P. J., 3 Somerset street, Boston. Edgar, William W., Waverley. Elliott, George T., Brighton. Elliott, W. H., Brighton. Kwell, Warren. 38 Wayland street, Roxbury. Farquhar, James F. M., 6 and 7 South Market street, Boston. Farquhar, J. K. M. L., 6 and 7 South Market street, Boston. Finlayson, Duncan, Avon street, Jamaica Plain. Fisher, Peter, Ellis. Fuller, J., Leominster. Galvin, Thomas F., 124 Tremont street, Boston. 232 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. Holbrovv, C. E., 712 Washington street, Brighton. Holly, E. P., 170 Summer street, Boston. Houghton, F. H., 396 Boylston street, Boston. Ingram, Chas., care Welch Bros., Boston Kelsey, Harlan P., Higginson square, Salem. Knapp, W. H., Newtonville. ■ Lewis, W. L., Marlboro. Loveless, Alfred J., Box 45, Lenox. Margolis, Joseph, 8 Province street, Boston. Meyer, John C, P. O. Box 2487, Boston. Manning, J. W., Jr., 1150 Tremont Building, Boston. Mathison, Fred R., Waltham. Miller, J. L., Lynn. Miller, William, 882 Western avenue. West Lyn«. Molloy, William F., Wellesley. 'fi Montgomery, Alexander, Natick. Montgomery, Alexander, Jr., Natick. Montgomery, Robert, Natick. Newman, J. R., Winchester. Nicholson, William, Framingham. Palmer, F. E., Brookline. Patten, Marcellus A., Tewksbury. Pettigrew, J. A., Park Department, Boston. Pierce. Edward L., care A. H. Hews & Co., N. Cambridge. Rea, Frederic J., Norwood. Roland, Thomas, Nahant. Schmeiske, H. C, Lenox. Sim, William, Cliftondale. Smith, Harry J., Maple street, Hinsdale. Stewart, William J., 11 Hamilton place, Boston. Tailby, W. W., W^ellesley. Thieman. H., Belchertowm. Vineca, E. W., New Salem. Walsh, M. H., Woods Hole. W^arburton, C. 81 New Boston road. Fall River. Welch. David, 226 Devonshire street, Boston. Welch. E. J., 226 Devonshire street. Boston. Welch. P.. 226 Devonshire street, Boston. White, John. Pittsfield. Williams, Frederick H.. Waltham. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 233 MICHIGAN. Henry W. F. Goetz, Saginaw, W. S.; J. F. Sullivan, Detroit. State Vice-Presidents. Bissinger, J. A,, Lansing. Boehringer, R. G., Bay City. Breitmeyer, Fred, Mt. Clemens. Breitmeyer, Philip, Gratiot and Miami avenues, Detroit. Breitmeyer, Will, Mount Clemens. Brown, Wm. B., 308 Woodward avenue, Detroit. Browne, Thomas, Grand River avenue, Greenfield. Crabb, George F., 509 Madison avenue. Grand Rapids. Dilger, William, 26 Miami avenue, Detroit. Dunn, John, 905 Vermont avenue, Detroit. Fetters, E. A., 275 Woodward avenue, Detroit. Fitzgerald, Augustus, 131 Lincoln avenue, Detroit. Fruck, Henry C, care Berry Bros., Detroit. Gipner, John, Niles. Goetz, Henry W. F., Saginaw, West Side. Grohman, E. A., Saginaw, East Side. Hielscher, William, Detroit. Hitchcock, E. H., Glenwood. Klagge, Robert, Mt. Clemens. Knope, H. H., Mack avenue, Detroit. Lutey, A. E., Houghton. Maynard, C. H., 219 Horton avenue, Detroit. Maynard, Mrs. C. H., 219 Horton avenue, Detroit. Mitchell, Theo., Detroit. Morris, Mrs. L. Engelman, Manistee. Peterson, Arthur, Escanaba. Pochelon, Albert, 153 Bates street, Detroit. Rackham, George A., 880 Vandyke avenue, Detroit. Rahaley, R. M., 38 Broadway, Detroit. Reynolds, George, Grosse Point Farms. Schroeter, Bruno, Detroit. Scribner, E. A., 604 E. ist street, Detroit. Smith, Elmer D., Adrian. Smith, Henry G., Grosse Point Farms, Detroit. Smith Henry, 139 Munroe street, Grand Rapids. Stafford, Mrs. L. H., Marquette. Sullivan, Norman, 214 Woodward avenue, Detroit. Sullivan, J. F., 220 Woodward avenue, Detroit. 234 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION MICHIGAN— Continued. Taepke, Gus. H., 450 Elmwood avenue, Detroit. Taplin, Stephen, 930 West Fort street, Detroit. Tobler, H., Traverse City. Trebelcock, William, Ishpeming. Unger, R. W., 239 Vandyke avenue, Detroit. Wassermann, L., 82 W. Western avenue, Muskegon. Watson, Robert, 368 Townsend avenue. Detroit. Weber, William E. F., South Ashmun street. Sault Ste Marie MINNESOTA. G. A. Clauson, Albert Lea, State Vice-President. Berry, Frank, Stillwater. Busch, Fred, Lyndale avenue and 50th street, south, Minneapolis. Cashman, Thomas E., Owatonna. Clauson, G. A., Albert Lea. Colberg, Gust. A., 716 Magnolia street, St. Paul. Hoffman, Jas. W., 166 Rondo street, St. Paul. Olsen, O. J., 20-24 W. 5th street, St. Paul. Ruedlinger, C. N., 2924 Aldrich avenue, Minneapolis Whitted, Miss H. B., 409 Nicollet avenue, Minneapolis. Will, O. A., 2405 19th avenue, north, Minneapolis. Wirth, Theo., Supt. Park Dept, Minneapolis. MISSISSIPPL Crowell, S. W., Mgr. U. S. Nursery Co., Rich. MISSOURI. F. H. Meinhardt, St. Louis; Samuel Murray, Kansas City, State Vice-Presidents. Abele, Otto, 520 Joseph street, St. Louis. Armstrong, Miss J. O., 3720 Olive street, St. Louis. Barbe, A. F,. 15th and Lawndale streets, Kansas City. Beneke, J. J., 1216 Olive street, St. Louis. Berning, H. G,, 1402 Pine street, St. Louis. Bentzen, Adolph J., 4025 Marcus avenue, St. Louis. Beyer, Carl, 3619 South Grand avenue, St. Louis. SOCIETY OF AMERICAX FLORISTS. 235 MISSOURI— Continued. Beyer, Robert, 3619 South Grand avenue, St. Louis. Brenneman, S. S., Webb City. Brown, R. S., Box 335, Kansas City. Cahill, P. J., Cahill-Swift Mfg. Co., St. Louis. Connon, J. M., 4248 Olive street, St. Louis. Danker, Edwin, St. Charles. Dunford, James W., R. R. No. i, Clayton. Ellis, F. M., 1316 Pine street. St. Louis. Fillmore, F. J., 4232 Nebraska avenue, St. Louis. Gelven, Charles H., 4th street and Park avenue, Sedalia. Irish, H. C, Mo. Botanical Garden, St. Louis. Jablonsky, A., Wellston. Juengel, Charles A., 1837-47 South 14th street, St. Louis. Kellogg, George M., Pleasant Hill. Koenig, Otto G., 6471 Florissant avenue, St. Louis, Koenig, John L., 6471 Florissant avenue, St. Louis. Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine street, St. Louis, Mo. Meinhardt, Fred H., 7041 Florissant avenue, St. Louis. Meinhardt, Miss Tillie, 7041 Florissant avenue, St. Louis. Miller, Theodore, 4832 Delmar boulevard, St. Louis. Murray, Samuel, 1017 Broadway, Kansas City. Pilcher, W. J., Kirkwood. Rock. W. L., 1 1 16 Walnut street. Kansas City. Schray, Emile, 4101 Penna. avenue, St. Louis. Siegel, A., 6th and Washington avenue, St. Louis. Steidle, J., Central. Taylor, F. W., St. Louis. Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park, St. Louis. Ude, F. W., Jr., Kirkwood. Waldbart, George, 516 North Grand avenue, St. Louis. Waldbart. Alexander, Hamilton avenue and Horton place, St. Louis. Weber, F. C, 4326 Olive street, St. Louis. Weber, Fred C, Jr., 4326 Olive street, St. Louis. Winter, William, North Taylor street, Kirkwood. Young, Henry, 5511 Waterman street, St. Louis. Young, Wm. C, 1406 Olive street, St. Louis. NEBRASKA. Henderson. Lewis, 1519 Farnum street, Omaha. Swoboda, Geo. H., 5807 N. 24th street, Omaha. 236 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION NEW HAMPSHIRE. Benj. Chase, Derry, State Vice-President. Chase, Benjamin, Derry, Gaedeke, August, Nashua. Stache, Herman C, 649 Second street, Manchester. Woodward, H. O., Walpole. NEW JERSEY. John Birnie, W. Hoboken, State Vice-President. Asmus, Adolph E., W. Hoboken. Birnie John, W. Hoboken. Boehler, Oscar W., W Hoboken. Coddington, L. B., Murray Hilh Duckham, William, Madison. Edwards, D. B., 104 S. Carolina avenue, Atlantic City. Edwards, T. E., Bridgeton. Falconer, D., Chatham. Geiger, Wm., 20 Madison avenue, Newark. Hughes, R. R., W. Long Branch. Davis, Joseph B., Wildmont, Orange. DuRie, W. B., Rahway. Eisele, J. D., Riverton, Esler, John G., Saddle River. Hentz, Henry, Jr., Madison. Herrington, A., Madison. Lager, John E., Summit. Leuly, E., West Hoboken. Lovett, Lester C, Little Silver. Manda, Joseph A., 191 Valley road, West Orange. May, J. N., Summit. McMahon, Frank, Seabright. O'Mara, P., Grand street, Jersey City. Pierson, Lincoln, West Side avenue, Jersey City. Roebling, Chas. G., 333 W. State street, Trenton. Roehrs, Julius, Rutherford. Roehrs, Julius, Jr., Rutherford. Ruppert, John A., Riverton. Simpson, Robert, Clifton. Strohlein, George A., Riverton. Struck, George F., Summit. Totty, Charles H., ]\Iadison. Zvolanek, Ant. C, Bound Brook. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 237 NEW YORK. W. H. SiEBRECHT, Astoria, L. I. ; Geo. W. McClure, Buffalo, State Vice-Presidents, Allen, J. K., io6 W. 28th street, New York. Armitage, Charles, 1133 Broadway, New York. Barry, William C, Rochester. Bartholme, Gustav, Manlius street, Syracuse. Baum, F. P., 52 Kingsley street, Buffalo. Beaulieu, Henri, Walker and Belmont avenues, Woodhaven. Bennett, John, Blue Point, L. I. Berger, H. H., 47 Barclay street, New York. Beuerlein, Peter, Elmhurst. Boddington, A. T., 342 W. 14th street. New York. Boettger, R. E., Williamsville, R. F. D. No. i. Braik, James, 1203 Elmwood avenue, Buffalo. Brown, Chas. J., Rochester. Bunyard, Harry A., 342 W. 14th street, New York. Burgevin, David, Pearl street, Kingston. Burgevin, George, Pearl street, Kingston. Burnham, William A., Irvington. Burns, Alexander S., Woodside. Chandler, Aleda, Berlin, Rens. Co. Childs, John Lewis, Floral Park. Clark, J. Porter, Rochester. Cowee, Arthur, Berlin. Cowell, J. F., Botanic Garden, Buffalo. Craw, Lyman B., 1133 Broadway, New York. Dailledouze, Eugene, Flatbush, Brooklyn. Dailledouze, Henry, Flatbush, Brooklyn. Dailledouze, Paul, Flatbush, Brooklyn. Darrow, H. F., 26 Barclay street. New York. Dean, David A., Freeport. Dean, James, Freeport. De La Mare, A. T., Rhinelander Building, New York. Demeusy, A., Clarkson street, Brooklyn. Dickinson, George E., i Broadway, New York. Dole, C. L., Lockport. Donaldson, John, Elmhurst, L. I. Dorval, Edw. J., Woodside. Elder, Andrew, Irvington. Enggren, E. L., Aqueduct, L. I. 288 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION NEW YORK— Continued. Fenrich, J. S., no W. 28th street, New York. Fotheringham, John R., Tarrytown. Guenther, Charles T., Hamburg. Guttman, A. J., 48 W. 28th street, New York. Hagemann, WilHam, 55 Dey street. New York. Hallock, E. v., Queens, New York. Hammond, Benjamin, Fishkill. Hampton, M. L., Box 464, Springville. Hansen, Miss Eliese H., Catskill. Harris, Ernest, Delanson. Henderson, Charles, 35-37 Cortlandt street. New Y®rk. Henry, F. H., 97 Water street, New York. Henshaw, Samuel, Egbert avenue, West New Brighton. Herendeen, F. W., Geneva. Herrmann, A., 404-412 East 34th street, New Y^ork. Hewson, C. J., 1639 Abbott avenue, Buffalo. Holt, E. W., 55 W. 26th street. New Y^ork. Hunt, Charles, Box 258, Port Richmond, S. I. Irwin, R. J., 14 Barclay street. New York. Jansen, Edw., 112-116 W. i8th street, New York. Johnson, Mrs. Fred H., 45 Whitney avenue, Olean. Kakuda, A., Hinode Florist Co., Whitestone. Kasting, W. F., 383 Ellicott street, Buffalo. Keller, S., 122 W. 25th street. New York. Kessler, Phil. J., 55 W. 26th street, New Y^ork. King, C. O., King Construction Co., N. Tonawanda. Kretschmar, H. G., 237 Lincoln road, Flatbush. Kretschmar, J. F., 237 Lincoln road, Flatbush. Krick, W. C, 1164 Greene avenue, Bro4)klyn. Krombach, Charles, 181 25th street, Brooklyn. Kueble, W. H., 28 WilloughlDy street, Brooklyn Langjahr, A. H., 55 W. 28th street, New York. Lenker, Charles, Freeport, L. L Lion, Oscar, 114-116 Spring street. New York. Loechner, Charles, 31 Barclay street, New York. Lohr, Charles, Jr., 415 2d avenue, Astoria, Long, D. B., Buffalo. Lord, F. A., 1133 Broadway, New Y^ork. Lorenz, George, Grand avenue. Long Island City. Manker, Frank, cor. Gravesend and Greenwood avenues, Brooklyn. Mansfield, Thomas, 481 Holly street, Lockport. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 239 NEW YORK— Continued. Mansfield, William H., 481 Holly street, Lockport. McClure, George W., 823 W. Delevan avenue, Buffalo. McConnell, Alex., 571 5th avenue. New York. McHutchison J., 17 Murray street, New York. Mellis, D. Y., Flatbush, Brooklyn. Miller, A. L., Station E, Brooklyn. Newbold, Frederic R., Poughkeepsie. Nilsson, William, Woodlawn. Nugent, John B., Jr., 42 W. 28th street. New York. Osternei, Leopold, care Siebrecht & Son, New Rochelle. Palmer, W. J., 304 ]Main street. Buffalo. Perkins, G. C, Newark. Phillips, J. v., 272 Fulton street, Brooklyn. Pierson, F. R., Tarrytown-on-Hudson. Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough. Piorkovski, F. R., White Plains. Powell, I. L., Millbrook. Quinlan, P. R., 311 S. Salina street, Syracuse. Raynor, John I. ,.49 W. 28th street, New York. Reed, William N., 122 W. 25th street, New York. Reimels, John, Woodhaven, L. I. Roehrs, Theo., 511 E. 176th street, New York. Rolker, Joseph E., 31 Barclay street. New York. Rolker, Winfried, 31 Barclay street. New Y'ork. Schloss, Emil, 533 Broadway, New York. Schmutz, L., 131 Clarkson street, Flatbush, Brooklyn. Schultheis, A., College Point. Scott, John, Flatbush, Brooklyn. Scott, William, 546 Balcom street, Buffalo. Shanley, James, 216 W. 25th street, Brooklyn. Shaw, J. Austin, Box 545, New York. Sheridan, W. F., 39 W. 28th street, New York. Siebrecht, H. A., New Rochelle. Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria, L. I. City. Suzuki, B., 31 Barclay street. New York. Thorne, A. L., Flushing. Thorne, Samuel, 43 Cedar street, New Y^ork. Traendly, Frank H., 44 W. 28th street. New Y'ork. Trepess, Samuel J., Maxwelton, Glen Cove, L. I. Van Herff, B., 99 Nassau street, New York. Vick, Chas. H., Rochester. 240 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION NEW YORK- Continued. Vick, F. W., Rochester. Wallace, Alex., Rhinelander Building, New York. Ward, C. W., Queens. Weathered, C. B., 46-48 Marion street. New York. Weber, Chas., Lynbrook, L. I. Weeber, Charles G., 33 Buckingham road, Brooklyn . W>iman, Max, 64th street and 12th avenue, Brooklyn. Weir, Fred, Senator street and Fifth avenue, Brooklyn. Weir, John R., 324 Fulton street, Brooklyn. Welsing, A., 347 DeKalb avenue, Brooklyn. Wertheimer, S. B., 465 Broadway, New York. Whitehill, R. C, R. F. D. No. i, Newburg. Wincott, William, Babylon. Yeagle, C. S., 25 W. Broadway. New York. Young, John, 51 W. 28th street, New York. Zeller, Alfred, 442 Clarkson street, Brooklyn. NORTH CAROLINA. James M. Lamb, Fayetteville, State Vice-President. Bush, Ernest J., 611 Polk street, Raleigh. Deake, Mrs. J. B., 324 Charlotte street, Asheville. Deake, J. W. C, Asheville. Lamb, James M., Fayetteville. O'Quinn, J. L., Polk and Swain streets, Raleigh. Pack, Mrs. G. W., Asheville. Rehder, William, Wilmington. Ruf, Fred, Raleigh. Van Lindley, J., Ponoma. OHIO. C. J. Graham, Cleveland; J. A. Peterson, Westwood, Cincinnati, State Vice-Presidents. Altick, H. M., 1 123 N. Main street, Dayton. Bartels, F. C, North Olmsted. Bate, Guy, Cleveland Cut Flower Co., E. Cleveland. Bayer, George, 2556 Fulton street, Toledo. Berno, Ed., 181 Hedges street, Mansfield. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 241 OHIO— Continued. Bloy, M., The Ohio Floral Co., Berea. Bock, Theo., Hamilton, Boehner, John, i8 Opal court, Dayton. Bradenburg, Gus., East Liverpool. Brown, Charles, The Brown Floral Co.. Canton. Broxey, J. H,, Dayton. Brunner, Chas., 5th avenue, Price Hill, Cincinnati. Carey, S. W., Urbana. Carlton, H. R., Willoughby. Coe, A. M., North Olmsted. Critchell, C. E., 2>^ E. 3d street, Cincinnati. Cunningham, Joseph H., 325 W. Williams street, Delaware. Cushman, E. H., Sylvania. Engel, Geo., Xenia. Frank, Horace M., Dayton. Frischkorn, Aug., 103 Federal street, Alleghany. Gasser, J. A'l., loi Euclid avenue, Cleveland. George, E. B., Painesville. Gillett, E. G., 113 E. 3d street, Cincinnati. Goldman, Jas. R., Middletown. Gompf, Frank, Logan. Goodline, J. T., 602 Greenwood avenue, Zanesville. Graham, Adam, 2849 Euclid avenue, Cleveland. Graham, C. J., 2849 Euclid avenue, Cleveland. Gravett, W. E., Lancaster. Hagenburger, C, Mentor. Hall, W. E., Clyde. Hamilton, S. M., S. loth street, Coshocton. Harrison, W. C, Painesville. Hart, Albert E., 1270 Detroit street, Cleveland. Hart, Benno L., 1369 Elliott street, Cleveland. Hart, H. A., 1262-1272 Detroit street, Cleveland. Heinl, George A., 337 Summit street, Toledo. Heiss, J. B., Dayton. Hellenthal, J. J., z^ E. Moore street, Columbus. Heller, W. C, Montpelier, Hendricks, C. W., The Templin Co., Calla. Hippard, E., Youngstown. Hoffmeister, August, White street, near Queen City avenue. Horlacher, W., Dayton. 242 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION OHIO— Continued. Huntsman, Frank, 609 Walnut street. Cincinnati. Imlay, John D,, Zanesville. Jacobs, Fred W., 642 Water street, Hamilton. Joseph, Miss Rosa, Pataskala. Kelly, J. C, 606 Case street, Cleveland. Knoble, H. P., 1836 W. 25th street, Cleveland. Kyrk, L. H., no E. 3d street, Cincinnati. Lamborn, L. L., Alliance. Lesher, Frank B., Fremont. Loeber, George W., care Lockland Lumber Co., Lockland. Magee, Thomas, Scottwood avenue and Bancroft street, Toledo. Matthews, Warren G., Dayton Floral Co., Dayton. McCullough, Albert, 316 Walnut street, Cincinnati. McCullough, J. Charles, 2d and Walnut streets, Cincinnati. McLean, Geo., Youngstown. Merkel, John, Mentor. Murphy, C. C, Station F, Cincinnati. Naumann, G. M., 1537 Doan street, Cleveland. Neuman, T. L., care Dayton Paper Nov. Co., Dayton. Oldham, I. A., Cambridge. Partridge, Wm. K., 148 E. 4th street, Cincinnati. Peck, Frank J., 1707 Broadway, Toledo. Peck, S. N., 1707 Broadway, Toledo. Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic street, Cleveland. Peterson, J. A., McHenry avenue, Westwood, Cincinnati. Pouting, Fred, 303 Eddy road, Sta. H, Cleveland. Ritter, Herman H., 435 Grand avenue, Dayton. Rodgers, J. W., Station F, Cincinnati. Roth, C. A., Columbus. Rusconi, D., 32 W. 6th street, Cincinnati. Sabransky. John F., Kenton. Sackett, E. R., Fostoria. Sandiford, Robert, Mansfield. Schmidt, C. W., Springfield. Schmitt, Charles A., Station H, 142 Burton avenue, Cleveland. Schwab, Henry, 730 Adair avenue, Zanesville. Smith, H. P., 1018 Broadway, Piqua. Smith, J. W., Marietta. Stoehr, R. C, Fruit Tree Label Co., Dayton. Suder, Mrs. E., 323 Adams street, Toledo. Treffenger, C. H., Van Wert. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 243 OHIO— Continued. Ullrich, E. J., Tiffin. * Ullrich, Lewis, Tiffin. Utzinger, Leonard, 162 Lake View avenue, Glenville, Cleveland. Weaver, A., 27 S. Cedar street, Massillon. Windmiller, Fred, 114 N. High street, Columbus. Winterich, C, Defiance. Witterstaetter, Richard, Sedamsville. Yale, Thomas G., Wellington. Young, Henry, Ada. Zettler, L. J., Canton. OREGON. Forbes, James, 290 Washington street, Portland. PENNSYLVANL\. GusTAVE LuDWiG, Allegheny; Leo Niessen, Philadelphia, State Vice-Presidents. Adelberger, Frank, Wayne. Albrecht, John, Pencoyd Station, Philadelphia. Anderson, George, 5230 Woodland avenue, Philadelphia. Aschmann, Godfrey, 1012 Ontario street, Philadelphia. Avery, F. P.,. Tunkhannock. Bader, John, 43 Ravine street, Allegheny. Baker, W. J., 1432 South Penn square, Philadelphia. Ball, Charles D., Holmesburg. Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Philadelphia. Battles, H. H., 108 South 12th street, Philadelphia. Bay, W., 160 S. Franklin street, Titusville. Bayersdorfer, Harry, 50-56 N. 4th street, Philadelphia. Beatty, H. B., 215 Farmers' Bank Building, Pittsburg. Becker, Jacob, 52d and Market streets, Philadelphia. Beckert, Theodore F., Coraopolis. Berkowitz, Paul, 56 North 4th street, Philadelphia. Blind, H. L., 30 5th street, Pittsburg. Burki. Fred, Crystal Farm, Gibsonia. Burpee, W. Atlee, 5th and Willow streets, Philadelphia. * Deceased. -■14 PROCEEDINGS OF T\\ EXTY-SECOXD CONVENTION PEXXSYLVAXIA— Continued. Burton, Alfred, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. Burton, George, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. Burton, John, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. Carney, W. H., 545 Liberty street, Pittsburg. Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Clayton, C. M., 16 and 18 N. 5th street, Philadelphia. Connell, Benjamin, West Grove. Connor, D. T., 2033 N. 20th street, Philadelphia. Craig, George, 211 S. nth street, Philadelphia. Craig, Robert, 49th and ^Market streets, Philadelphia. Craig, W. P., 1305 Filbert street, Philadelphia. Demas, P. J., 215-223 Diamond street, Pittsburg. * Dillon, J. L., Bloomsburg. Dreer, William F., 714 Chestnut street. Philadelphia. Ehret, Fred, 1403 Fairmount avenue, Philadelphia. Eichholz, Henry, Waynesboro. Eisele, C, nth and Roy streets, Philadelphia. Eschner, B., 1220 Race street, care ^M. Rice & Co., Philadelphia. Falck, Wm., 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Farenwold, Adolph, Roslyn P. O., Hillside. Fancourt, E. J., 1612-18 Ludlow street, Philadelphia. Falconer, William, Pittsburg. Ford, C. S., Box 106, Philadelphia. Fuchs, J. J., 710 Carson street, Pittsburg. Goudy, Jos. P., 714 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Geiger, Henry C, 335 N. 6th street, Philadelphia. Graham, George L., 57 Seward avenue, Bradford. Graham, Wm., 104 S. 13th street, Philadelphia. Hahman, F., Station F, 33d Ward, Philadelphia. Harris, W. K., Jr., 55th street and Springfield avenue, Philadelphia. Harris, W. K., Sr., 55th street and Springfield avenue, Philadelphia. Harry, Winfield S., 114 Harry street, Conshohocken. Heacock, Joseph, Wyncote. Hennon, Chas., Elhvood City. Herr, Albert M., P. O. Box 338, Lancaster. Jackson, Frank S., Newtown square. Jones, S. Morris, West Grove. Karins, J. J., 714 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Kift, Robert, 1721 Chestnut street. Philadelphia. Kocher, Fred, Gibsonia. * Deceased. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. 245 PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. Krueger, August, Meadville. Krueger, C. F., P. & R. Terminal, Philadelphia. Krut, Anton, Jr., Butler. Langhans, T. P., 504 Liberty street, Pittsburg. Lanser, A. H., Wayne. Laver, J. V., 725 State street, Erie. Loew, William, 914 Pike street, Allegheny. Lonsdale, Edv/in, Girard College. Ludwig, Gustave, 208 Allegheny Market, Allegheny. Ludwig, J. W., Allegheny Market, Allegheny. Maule, William PL, 1711 Filbert street, Philadelphia. Meehan, Chas. E., Slocum and Musgrove streets, Germantown. Meehan, Thomas B., Dreshertown. Michell, H. F., 1018 Market street, Philadelphia. Moon, S. C, Morrisville. Moon, W. H., Morrisville. Moss, George M., 920 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. M^urdock, A. ]^., 510 Smithfield street, Pittsburg. Nichols, John, Scotdale. Niehoff, Paul, Lehighton. Niessen, Leo, 1217 Arch street, Philadelphia. Paul, Oglesby, 220 S. 4th street, Philadelphia. Pennock, J. L., 1514 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Pennock, S. S., 1608-18 Ludlow street, Philadelphia. Polites, Frank, 13th and Chestnut streets, Philadelphia. Pyle, Robert, 129 E. Evergreen street, West Grove. Reid, Edw., 1526 Ranstead street, Philadelphia. Reineman, E. C, 16 Lowry street, Allegheny. Reukauf, Martin, 50-56 N. 4th street, Philadelphia. Rieger, Christian, Forbes and Boyd streets, Pittsburg. Robertson, William, care J. W. Pepper, Jenkintown. Rockwell, W. C, Bradford. Rohrer, H. D., Lancaster. Rosnosky, L, 1018 Market street, care H. F. Michell Co., Philadelphia. Rupp, John F., Shiremanstown. Rust, David, Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia. Samtman, George, Wyndmoor. Schluraff, G. R., 2406 Poplar street, Erie City. Schmidt, William, 432 Main street, Johnstown. Scott, A. B., Sharon Hill, Delaware County. Shilling, Howard M.. Shillington, Berks County. Sibson, J. F., McKean avenue, Germantown. 246 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION PENNSYLVANIA— Continued. Sim, Charles, Rosemont. Skidelsky, S. S., 824 N. 24th street, Philadelphia. Smith, A. W., Boggs avenue, Pittsburg. Smith, W. C, 6ist and Market streets, Philadelphia. Stern. J., 1928 Germantown avenue, Philadelphia. Stewart, George, Tuxedo. Strong, O. H., Oil City. Swayne, Wm., Box 226, Kennett square. Taplin, W. H., Holmesburg. Thomas, Joseph, 102 W. Ottermann street, Greensburg. Turnbull, A. D., 52 S. Main street, Carbondale. Turner, W. M., Wilkinsburg. Watson, George C, Dobson Bldg., 9th and Market streets, Philadelphia. Westcott, John, Ridge and Lehigh avenues, Philadelphia. Westcott, William H., Ridge and Lehigh avenues, Philadelphia. Wintzer, A., West Grove. Wirth, W. J., 1516 Sansom street, Philadelphia, Wolff, J., Jr., 1617 N. 19th street, Philadelphia. Yates, Walter N., Mt. Airy, Philadelphia. Yost, C. C, 146 N. 8th street, Lebanon. Zimmerman, J. F., Dixmont, Allegheny Co. RHODE ISLAND. S. J. Reuter. Westerly, State Vice-President. Barnett, Richard, 38 Bernon street, Woonsocket. Byrnes, Peter S., Wickford. Gardner, Richard, Carroll avenue, Newport. Greene, R. W., Warwick. Griffin, Arthur, Ledge road, Ne\vport. Hunnick, R., Rough Point, Newport. Jensen, John G., 1142 Broad street. Providence. Johnson, George, 18 Earl street, Providence. Jurgens, Carl, Newport. Reuter, S. J., Westerly. Wood, J. F., 112 Westminster street. Providence. SOUTH CAROLINA. C. A. Moss, Spartanburg, State Vice-President. Moss, C. A., Spartanburg. Wessels, F. W., Aiken. Wessels, Miss G. M., Aiken. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. '2,4:1 SOUTH DAKOTA. Newbury, E. C, Mitchell. TENNESSEE. Baum, C. L., Knoxville. TEXAS. Herman Kaden, Gainesville, State Vice-President. Donnelly, Harry, care Haskell Flo. Co., Dallas. Green, E. H. R., Dallas. Kaden, H., Gainesville. VIRGINIA. Lloyd G. Blick, Norfolk, State Vice-President. Blick, Lloyd G., 51 Granby street, Norfolk. Brown, H., Richmond. Curran, Jas. J., Salem. Gordon, J. Palmer, Ashland. Hammond, W. A., 107 East Broad street, Richmond. Ponnet, C., Alexandria. Shartger, J., Salem. Whelan, F. A., Mt. Vernon. WASHINGTON. Luffman, Miss Amy K., Box 521, Spokane. WEST VIRGINIA. Dudley, C. P., Parkersburg. Fleming, H. Glenn, 819 Locust avenue, Fairmount. Langhans, A., Wheeling. Oberxtieyer, Gustav, Parkersburg. 248 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-SECOND CONVENTION WISCONSIN. W. A. Kennedy, Milwaukee; F. C. Smith, Ashland, State Vice-Presidents. Amerpohl, Edw., 214 S. Main street, Janesville. Currie, A. J., Milwaukee. Dallwig, C, 34 Juneau avenue, Milwaukee. Dilger, F. P., 418 Prior avenue, Milwaukee. Edlefsen, William, 349 3d street, Milwaukee. Guillaume, Mrs. A., 501 Main street, La Crosse. Haentze, E., Fon du Lac. Haentze, R., Fond du Lac. Heitman, John G., North avenue and 5th street, Milwaukee. Holton, Fred, 457 Milwaukee street, Milwaukee. Kennedy, W. A., C. C. Pollworth Company, Milwaukee. Petzke, Ernest A., Hixton. Pollworth, C. C, 54 City Hall square, Milwaukee. Rentschler, Fred, 1301 Williamson street, Madison. Smith, F. C, Ashland. Spiedel, Otto, Oconomowoc. Staeps, Herman, Elm Grove. Stuebe, William J., Watertown. Turner, Lewis, Kenosha. Whitnall, C. B., 1184 Humboldt avenue, Milwaukee. Zweifel, Nic, 14th street and Groeling avenue, Milwaukee. ONTARIO. J. H. DuNLOP, Toronto, State Vice-President. Chambers, John, Toronto. Duggan, T. W., Brampton. Dunlop, John H., 644 Lansdown avenue, Toronto. Ellis, R. H., Leamington. Gammage, W. W., London. Groff, H. H., Simcoe. Miller, F. H., Bracondale, Toronto. MANITOBA. Philpott, H. E.. Winnipeg. England, D. D., Winnipeg. Stewart, Arthur, Elmwood Nursery, Winnipeg. INDEX FIRST DAY— OPENING SESSION. Welcome by Vice-President Altick 4 Address by Hon. Charles W. Dale 4 Response — Professor J. F. Cowell 5 Address of President Kasting : Taking a leaf from history ; our credentials 7 The proposed National Flower Show; our trade exhibitions 8 Experiment stations ; horticultural education ; free seed distribu- tion ; parcels post 9 The tariff ; secretary's ofl&ce ; membership lo Selecting State Vice-Presidents ; business methods n Concerning sports ; horticultural press 12 Annual Report of Secretary Stewart : A word of retrospect ; executive meeting ; adoption of numbered badges; complaint against U. S. Express Co " 14 Results with home-grown bulbs ; medals awarded 15 New plant names registered 16 Deaths i? Membership statistics; announcement of withdrawal from secre- taryship 18 Annual Report of Treasurer Beatty : General fund ■ -o Summary of receipts and expenditures 22 Life membership fund 25 250 INDEX Auxiliary report 27 Vouchers 28 Reports of State Vice-Presidents Received 29 National Council of Horticulture : Report of Alex. Wallace 30 Views of Philip Breitmeyer and J. C. Vaughan . . 33 Appointment of delegates and recommendation for appropriation 34 Action on Prize Essays 35 Appointment of Exhibition Judges 35 Communication from Detroit Florist Club 36 Communication from National Council of' Horticulture 36 FIRST DAY- EVENING Entertainment at Wellfare Hall 37 SECOND DAY— MORNING Reform in Postal Rates : Address by Secretary James L. Cowles 40 Discussion on postal rates 44 Mr. Hammond's views ^ 46 Resolution adopted 48 Selection of Meeting Place for 1907 : Presentation of invitations 49 Selection of Philadelphia 52 Nomination of Officers 5 Amendment to By-Laws : Adoption of proposed amendment 57 INDEX 251 Vote of Sympathy with Ex-President O'Mara 58 Teaching Horticulture in the Public Schools. Address by E. V. Hallock: Need of standardizing ; instructions to teachers 60 The demonstration plot ; state teachers 61 Value of lectures; appropriation for carrying on the work ; chil- dren's garden conferences 62 Relation of school gardens to experiment stations ; summary and recommendations 63 William Scott's views 64 E.G. Hill's views 65 Experience of Fred E. Palmer 66 Benjamin Hammond's experience 67 W. F. Gude's views 68 Committee enlarged and continued 69 SECOND DAY — EVENING Awards on the Trade Exhibits 70 Award of Prizes on Landscape Designs 72 The Ideal Private Gardener and His Work. A paper by Fred E. Palmer: A retrospective glance; old-world conditions 74 Modern conditions and their influence 75 Ideals among young gardeners ; a gardener's duties 76 Following the fashion ; beginning the education 77 Finishing the education 78 Tariff on Glass : Various suggestions 79 Col. Castle's experience 80 Arguments of E. G. Hill and Charles Lenker 81 252 INDEX Views of William Scott and W. H. Elliott 82 How to reach Congress with an appeal 83 Various classifications in the glass schedule 84 Favorable vote on reduction of tariff 85 Concerning the Secretary's Duties : Appropriation for travelling expenses 86 Concerning the State Vice-Presidents: Defects in the present method 87 THIRD DAY — MORNING Appointment of Tellers 88 Retailers' Methods of Offering Flowers : Paper by Irvin C. Bertermann : Ancient methods ; interior fittings 89 The window display ; commercial vs. idealistic ; arrangement of stores 90 No apology these days ; advantage taken of individual plants ; in- terurban railroads a help 91 Improvements in designs ; public appreciates flower seasons ; the telephone an aid 92 The art progresses 93 Paper by W. F. Gude : Changes in the business 93 Some old-time methods 94 Employees ; putting up orders 95 Window display ; use of ribbon : delivery of flowers in vases and jardinieres 96 An Aster Disease ,. 97 Stove Plants vs. Greenhouse Plants : General discussion on their classification 99 Question laid on table loi INDEX 253 Canxa Hybridization and Introduction : Concerning registration of worthless varieties 102 The Secretary's views 103 Views of Messrs. Read, Hagenburger, Wintzcr and Bisset 104 The advisablHty of a canna committee 106 A favorable vote upon the appointment of a canna committee 109 Election of Officers : Declaring the vote 109 Call for*a National Canna Association no Bureau of Credit. Address by W. G. Powell no THIRD DAY — EVENING Report of Committee on Sports in Report of Superintendent of Trade Exhibit in Badges for Life Members : A question of cost n 7 Referred to executive board n8 Testimonial to President Kasting : Address of J. D. Carmody 118 Testimonial to Secretary Stewart : Address of Robert Craig 119 Presentation of Officers-Elect 120 The National Flower Show : Report of Robert Craig 121 Address of E. G. Hill 123 Views of J. C. Vaughan 125 254 INDEX National vs. International 126 Adoption of resolution in favor of exhibition in Chicago, Novem- ber, 1908 127 Discussion on change of date for convention 128 Committees continued 129 Visit to Far Hills 129 FOURTH DAY— MORNING Report of Committee on Outdoor Exhibits 130 Call for a Horticultural 'Congress at the Jamestown, Va., Exposition 132 Report of Committee on Final Resolutions 132 Vote of Thanks to National Cash Register Company 133 The National Flower Show : Consideration of details ; vote for executive meeting to be held in Chicago in November i35 Visit to Soldiers' Home 136 Reports of State Vice-Presidents : Alabama ; Colorado I37 Connecticut 13S Florida ..: 140 Georgia ; Kansas 141 Illinois, North 142 Indiana " I43 Iowa 144 Louisiana MS Maryland i47 INDEX 255 Massachusetts, East 149 Massachusetts, West 150 Michigan, South 151 Missouri, East 1 54 Missouri, West 155 Nebraska 1 56 New Jersey 157 New York, West 158 North Carolina" 159 Pennsylvania, West 160 Texas ; West Virginia 161 Wisconsin 162 Report of Superintendent of Trade Exhibition 164 Report of Committee on Prize Essays 168 First prize essay by J. Austin Shaw 169 Second prize essay by Charles Ingram 171 Third prize essay by M. B. Faxon 174 Plant Introductions Reported for 1906 : Cannas ; Carnations 178 Chrysanthemums 179 Coleus ; dahlias ; ferns : fuchsias .180 Lantanas ; montbretias : pelargoniums 181 Phloxes ; Rex begonias 182 Roses ; miscellaneous 183 Report of Committee on Sports 185 Florists' Hail Association of A:merica 190 American Carnation Society 195 256 INDEX List of Officers of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists iq6 List of Past Presidents 197 List of Annual Conventions : 198 Life Members i99 Annual Members for 1906 203 List of Members by States 222 '-^:::-::::>^~^--.a=o. :^- 6 -■ -' - SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS AND ORN A M ENTAL HORTICULTURISTS Twenty-Third Annual Convention At Philadelphia, Pa.. 190? ^^^/f /t/;|W^^^ PROCEEDINGS OF THE Twenty-Third Annual Convention OF THE SOCIETY OF American Florists AND ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURISTS Held at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania August 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24, 1907 Copyright 1908. The Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists. In )VIv localities but is thoroughly national in char- acter and membership. It has its aims and its objects; I am not going to speak of them because there are others here who are better able than I am to tell you of them; and I think no one can say they are not the very best. The society has met here, in Philadelphia, at the urgent request of some of your prominent florists, who are the most prominent, probably, that there are in the country. Being a mere follower in the ranks, I would have pre- ferred that some of our grave and reverend seigniors had spoken for the society on this occasion ; but it only remains for me, Mr. Mayor, to acknowledge your courteous and most eloquent words of welcome and to say we thank you. (Cheers.) lO PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Air. Wm. J. Stewart, of Boston, the president of the society, here assumed the chair and was enthusiastically greeted : He spoke as follows : Fellow Members and Guests : Tlie occasion which we inaugurate so auspiciously today is a notable event in the life of the organization whose passing years these annual conven- tions mark. Contemplating the horticultural advancement in this country since the founding of the Society of American Florists, we can feel justly proud that in all the high achievements which adorn and signalize this period as one of unprecedented progress in the science and practice of horticulture this society has had an honorable participation. From the start its roll-book has borne the signatures of the leading spirits in the craft to whose uplifting it has been pledged, and in whatever community it has presented itself it has invariably been accorded a welcome and high place in the public esteem. Standing here in this fair city where horticulture has ever been honored and beloved, Avhere from the day of its birth this society has been stead- fastly championed — a community, the home of not a few illustrious exponents of our art in the daj^s gone by, a communitj^ which can boast horticulturists, florists, plant growers, seed establishments and nurseries second to none in the world today, a people wide-awake and enterprising, yet warm-hearted and companionable — here, in this city of Brotherly Love, as we voice our gratitude to the pioneers and extend our hand to the coming generation, we may well stop and take a survey of our field, note conditions as we find them, lay plans and invoke continued success for our society and all that it represents. The Mission of the Horticulturist. To clothe the earth with loveliness, to co-operate with Nature in her most beautiful functions, to instil into the afi'ections of the people an appreciation of our art and a zeal for his products and to serve them and gratify this desire is the mission of the horticulturist. The materials in which he deals were once classed among the luxuries of life, but the world is fast coming to recognize them as necessities of healthful and rational living and, as this sentiment grows, so also will grow the importance and influence of the horti- culturist in the public eye. The Mission of the Society. To aid the horticulturist through the influence and power of concen- tration, by the gathering together, moulding and assimilating of the concrete SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS II wisdom of the many, and to brinj^ the profession to a lively sense of their duties and privileges and a better realiz/ation of what is possible through the medium of a well-supportecV central organization is the task of this society. Its aim and its purpose have ever been to stimulate emulation, to broaden the channels of business, to promote the fraternal spirit, to help the gardener and florist in making for himself an honored position in the commonwealth and to inspire the profession with a more correct understanding and better appreciation of the nobility of their calling which, as Downing tells us, "is intrinsically the parent and superior of them all," because agriculture is the basis of all wealth and horticulture is the refined essence of agricultvire. The Field and Its Cultivation. Agreeably to custom it becomes my duty to ask your attention at this time to such suggestions «nd advice as seem to me sound and wise and conducive to the growth and continued efficiency of this society. First let us take a look at the situation. We find a vast country possessing the widest range of climate, topography and soil, affording homes for ever-multiplying millions of people ambitious, enterprising and prosperous and now reaching that stage where the finer sentiments begin to develop and the desire for beautiful home environment commences to kindle. To the extent that the gardener and florist grasp the situation and act upon the opportunity thus presented depends much of the future welfare of our horticultural industries and of gardening art. One thing is indisputable; if the horticulturist is to do his part in directing and developing the garden- hunger of the people he must first make good use of every means to fit himself to do this intelligently. These are times of unprecedented rush and enter- prise. Timorousness and parsimony have little part in the policies that lead to success now-a-da3^s, and he who would excel must follow modern methods, taking full advantage of the horticultural literature of the day and of per- sonal intimacy with his fellows in the societies and clubs ; he must travel, visit exhibitions — in short, he must use every avenue of publicity and every oppor- tunity to sharpen his wits and enlarge his knowledge. The day when a paying business can be done with untidy grounds, neglected store windows, decrepit greenhouses, badly grown plants, misrepresented trees and shrubs, and hap- hazard financial methods has gone forever. Garden-hunger and the Horticulturists' Opportunity. Modern suburban transportation facilities have given a tremendous im- petus to the rural home idea. It is to the man skilled in horticulture that the home-maker will turn for advice, assistance and material needed and for those who grasp the opportunity in the right spirit there will be found abundant scope and full recompense for cultural knowledge and artistic talent. Nothing comparable to the present demand for hardy garden material has ever been experienced in this country, and no horticultural enterprise intelli- 12 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION gently and diligently conducted can fail of success if existing conditions are understood and provided for. Tender material, also, will get its full share of the prosperity if used with better discretion as to its adaptations and limitations. For the ambitious, earnest young man, blessed with an artistic temperament, no department of horticulture offers brighter emolument or higher lionor than that of outdoor gardening in all its branches. Within the scope of our vision today the field seems practically unlimited and the young, generation may safely go into training for large responsibilities — every one will be needed. Under pressure of exigencies prevailing in the past the gardener has in too many instances been acquiring a one-sided experience and some of our most talented indoor growers find themselves badly handicapped through deficient education in the fundamental operations of general gardening. The horticulturist who makes his mark in the future will not have these limi- tations, but will combine a thorough equipment for outdoor planting, grading, management and executive ability, with a fine knowledge of indoor operations and proficiency in the production of flowers and fruits under glass that will stand the test of comparison with the products of the specialist. Several of the agricultural colleges are doing good work on this order and turning out trained young men from whom we may expect much. Room for Improvement. Too many greenhouses are devoted to crops for which neither the houses nor their owners are competent. We see acres of nursery space filled with an- tiquated stock; well-grown flowers sacrificed through careless handling or through inefficiency in the sales department; the once-prosperous flower-ship- ping business prostrated by short-sighted methods; the trade subjected to criticism because of the trumpeting of undeserving novelties. Our exhibitions are crude in method, faulty in manner of making awards or interesting the public. In every branch of activity there is room for better system. The arrangement of flowers, the planting of garden beds or the larger operations of beautifying an estate or creating a landscape picture, in many of which as we see them from day to day the qualities of originality and artistic intelli- gence in form and color harmony are conspicuously lacking, show conclusively the need for study and self-education in artistic taste before we are properly fitted to instruct the public. It is the province of the florists' club to seek out and apply the remedy for all these deficiencies and it becomes the duty of the craftsman in justice to himself and his fellows to uphold in every possible way his local organization and do his share towards the general advancement which is sure to follow the fraternizing of congenial spirits whose material interests are identical. Support the Societies. No better evidence of progressiveness in a given locality or in any special branch of our industries can be adduced than a full representation on the SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 1 3 society roll books and at the regular nieetings, yet how pitifully small in the aggregate is the proportion of the horticultural craft represented in the mem- bership of all our local or national bodies. The power of organization when all stand behind it, for whatever is just and right, the tremendous advan- tage in being able to command unity of sentiment and action Avhen any evil menaces, is a lesson that is being learned with exasperating' slowness. Forest Protection. \Yhile on the subject of societies it may not be amiss to call attention to the efforts that are being made for the protection of what is left of our forests — a heritage of greater intrinsic value to the health and prosperity of our country than all the gold mines on the continent. Devastation by soil erosion, floods and droughts, bird extermination, insect plagues, and many other evils are following in the wake of the wanton forest destruction which has been going on. Few interests are more seriously affected by all this than is horticulture and every movement, local, state or national, for forest preser- vation, should have our zealous support individually and collectively. Educating the Public; the School Garden Movement. Chief among the instrumentalities for the upbuilding of our industries is the education of the public to a fuller appreciation of our products. The majority of American homes fall short of the home ideal in their lack of any setting of living gi-een. Consider the possibilities — the millions of house plants, the hundreds of thousands of porch and window boxes for both summer and winter, the innumerable little table ferneries, the tons of lawn and flower seeds, the cargoes of spring and summer bulbs, the garden implements, the vast quantities of evergreens and shrubbery and border and bedding plants for which a demand can be created, not to mention the conservatories and con- servatory plants, or the small fruits and products of the kitchen garden which every home lover likes to indulge in, once the appetite of the people for such things has been thoroughly aroused. Large as the demand already is, numerous and prosperous as we know^ the craft to be, yet who can say that our country is not well able to furnish business sufficient for many times the present number of our commercial establishments and employment for good gardeners in far greater numbers than they can be supplied today? With these facts in view I know of nothing w^hich promises so rich a return as the school garden movement. In addition to its services in the cause of good citizenship it must be obvious to all that activity on this line is also good business policy and assures the interest of the coming generation in parks and gardens, tree- lined highways, horticultural exhibitions and plants and flowers everywhere. Educating by Example. Again, every florist's home should be a shining object lesson. Show neighbors and passers-by the possibilities with spring bulbs, wuth easily- 14 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION grown plants in bed and border, in piazza box and window; excite their dormant perceptions with rose and clematis and honeysuckle-bowered porch and pillar; impress them with the dignifying effect of ornamental trees and' shrubbery, the cheery picture of evergreens in w inter time. See that they are wisely instructed in the selection, planting and care of material and that they realize that the time is, probably not far distant when bare yards and floAver- less windows will pass as an evidence of ignorance and squalor within. The public are in the mood to welcome such activity on the part of the florist, the newspapers are at all times disposed to assist, and the more the florist does in this direction the higher position he will occupy in the esteem of his toAATis- men. How the Society Can Help. Having thus hastily scanned our field in a few of its many phases the question comes as to what part this society should assume conformably to its avowed aims and through what channels best results can be reached. It is the business of an organization such as this to help men to help themselves and then to conserve and safeguard the results of their work so that those who come after them shall have as their heritage the sum total of the efforts of their predecessors. Our Relations wuth Other Organizations. It has been my conviction for a long time that there is nothing more to be desired to place this organization in a position of greatest usefulness than some system of direct affiliation with existing or prospective special and local organizations. Far from regarding these societies as a possible menace I look upon their multiplication as distinctly to our advantage. The field is practically limitless and we can well afford to nourish any and all w^ell- meant efforts to build up horticulture in any of its branches. There is an infinity of specialized detail and local work which the smaller and more compact bodies can care for with an efficiency far beyond the reach of a society constituted as this is. Let them do it if they will and wherever and whenever the time comes that they find their burden hea\^ and the road rough let us put our big shoulder to the wheel and help them. On the other hand there are movements where a successful consummation is only possible under the capacious mantle of a large national organization. Events of the past year have indicated to us how at any moment we may be called upon to champion the cause of some branch of the trade where strength in numbers and national incorporation become elements of great strength and where the existence of a powerful representative body serves as a restraint and defense against corporate plunder. I believe we should keep working on this problem of closer relations until some feasible plan of permanent afliliation and intelli- gent co-operation has been evolved and a system of specialized work estab- lished through these auxiliary bodies. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 1 5 Plant Registration. A well-regulated system of plant nomenclature is needed. It would be an element of great stability if all registration of varietal names could be recorded in one universally recognized bureau. Whether this should be done direct by the owner or first pass the scrutiny of a specialized society, where such exists, is of little consequence provided it finally comes into the custody of a central authority having the power to follow up infringement and extend the fullest protection within the law to the originator or owner. This central authority, I believe, should be the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists. Two Important Duties of the Society. The time seems now ripe for us to insist that horticulture be made a reg- ular course in our public school system. There can be no question of the wisdom of this society's taking an advanced position on this matter and fostering liberally all movements for the dissemination of garden knowledge through this means. Every argument on physical, mental and moral grounds is on our side. As a society we should lend aid and encouragement to any investigation or experimentation for the purpose of stimulating the production of any hor- ticultural material for which we have hitherto been obliged to depend upon foreign sources of supply. "Made in America" is an inscription too seldom seen on horticultural goods. How can this organization best assist to that end? In the case of those goods which we must import, there is room for a better system and improved facilities in the appraisers' department, and I hope our legislative committee will give this question the attention it should have. Parcels Post Needed. The project of a parcels post is a reform worthy of our hearty support. A cheaper and more reliable means of distribution for packages of limited size and weight, such as is enjoyed in most European countries, would greatly benefit the plant and bulb trade and provide the means for supplying the public at small cost with plants of a size that might be seen without the aid of a microscope and might be nurtured into lusty specimens without the use of an incubator. Were it not for the express companies a parcels post would have been a reality long ago — so we are told. The express companies and the S. A. F. have been making one another's acquaintance of late and find they don't think alike on some things. State Vice Presidents; Outdoor Exhibitions. I am satisfied that the present system of selecting State vice presidents to represent this society sectionally might be improved upon and would sug- gest that you consider the adoption of some system whereby, in those localities where any organization exists*, we might through mutual arrangement confer l6 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION upon the presiding officer the honor of representing the S. A. F. in his territory during his term of office. It is much to be regretted that the executive board found conditions so unpropitious for an outdoor exhibition of planted material in connection with this convention that the project had to be abandoned. It was hoped by many that the humble beginning made in Dayton might be followed up and that in time an outdoor exhibit might be made a regular feature of our conventions, but in a large city the difficulties seem almost insurmountable. Wherever circumstances permit I believe it will be good policy to provide at least for a planting of such novelties as cannot be properly presented in an indoor exhibition. National Flower Show. As the national flower show project will be reported on at the proper time by the very competent committee of fifty under the chairmanship of my predecessor I will not take your time now with any reference to it other than to submit that it would be a grave mistake to make any change from the time-honored date for holding our annual convention. If it is thought wise to have a meeting at Chicago at the time of the exhibition let it be a special meeting called as provided for in the by-laws. The proposition to merely meet formally in August so as to comply with the constitutional requirements and then adjourn over until the time set for the flower show would, I firmly believe, very seriously affect the prosperity of the society. Tlie Society's Good Record. The birth of the Society of American Florists was the outcome of a con- viction on the part of its promoters that the horticultural interests of America were ready to get together for mutual advantage and the uplifting of their art. The young society found the commercial florist, as a rule, isolated and provincial because of the lack of opportunity for any but the most limited intercourse and interchange of opinion and experience. Not one society, club or periodical devoted primarily to the interests of floriculture existed on this continent. The best test of the wisdom of the founding of any institu- tion is what it has been able to accomplish. Do you not think that the seed sown twenty-three years ago has borne pretty good fruit? The yield might have been increased many fold had every one in the profession who needed just this help taken advantage of it; still it is not too much to say that the S. A. F. has been the underlying force which has in this brief period placed American floriculture on an eminence where it commands the respect of the world and that the splendid confidence of its founders in the future magnitude of their profession has been well justified. The spirit of progress which prompted them to break the shackles of past isolation and secretiveness and throw wide open the doors for a general intellectual and material advance- ment is still our best asset. We must allow fiTe scope to the mighty reserve SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS IJ forces of American horticulture and be constantly on the alert to see and act upon every opening for strengthening our hold upon the heart-strings of the profession. The Winning Combination. Unselfish, hard-working loyalty to the organization and its principles, on the part of every member, is the winning combination in all club and society affairs and this I would especially plead for at this time, as we near the close of my official labors. My dearest ambition during these many years has been to contribute with all my heart toward making this society the great leader in every work tending to the ennobling and enriching of our profession. I know, by intimate contact with those associated with me in the society's service, how faithfully they have done their duty and how unselfishly the members generally have responded wiien called upon for any assistance. These are the qualities that make for success in any organization and I earnestly hope they will be continued and strengthened in the years to come. What Conventions Are Good For. The society is to be congratulated on the magnificent attendance at this meeting. Conventions are always an incentive and encouragement. They give zest to work, feed the intellect, enrich our literature. They are a unifying force, establishing and cementing friendships and bringing into advantageous contact those who although widely separated, are actuated by a common purpose in life. I pity the man who sees nothing to interest him here and finds no inspiration in such gatherings, no strength to help him surmount the daily recurring difficulties which are our common lot, no advantage in the opportunity to inspect this great industrial exhibition. Little he realizes how great is his loss. Business First, Pleasure Afterwards. And now let us proceed to business. We have diversions innumerable, entertainment after entertainment awaiting our pleasure ; the bowlers and their henchmen are eager to pounce upon that tempting aggregation of honor and silverware, but with all their vociferation they are among the best pro- moters in the society's service; the ladies, indispensable always, have organ- ized a little side auxiliary of their own; a magnificent exhibition across the way justly claims much of our attention. But with all these allurements let us not forget that the eye of the w^orld is upon us and that important business awaits our attention first. l8 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION THE SECRETARY'S REPORT. The secretary, Mr. Philip J. Hauswirth, of Chicago, being called upon, was cordially greeted. He presented and read his annual report, which was as follows: As your Secretary, I submit this my first amiual report for your con- sideration. Transfer of Office. — By instructions of the Executive Committee I proceeded to Boston the first week in January to have the property of the society transferred to me by my predecessor. It was to be expected that a vast amount of material had accumulated in the number of years that the position of Secretary was held by our President, William J. Stewart, and the committee instructed me to destroy all documents that were of no value to the society. Transportation. — Considerable difficulty was encountered this year to procure reduced rates from the various passenger associations on account of the enactment of a two-cent rate in a number of states. This was especially true in the territory governed by the Western and Central Passenger Asso- ciations and they refused to grant us the usual concession. The rate of a fare and a third was granted by the following associations : Trunk Line Association. New England Passenger Association. Southeastern Passenger Association. Eastern Canadian Association. The Central Passenger Association granted us Card Orders, that em- powered their agents to sell through round-trip tickets to Philadelphia at the rate of two cents a mile, each way, in the territory controlled by them, and the rate of one and one-third fare in the territory controlled by the associations that granted us the latter rate. This concession enabled a member to procure a round-trip ticket that would only have to be validated at the ticket office, when he was ready to return, within the titne limit of his ticket. The Western Passenger Association would not grant any concession, but referred us to the one-way Tourist rates in effect in their territory to St. Louis and Chicago, and advised our members to buy to those points and then use Card Orders. In addition to the above, the cheap rates from all points to the Jamestown Exposition and the merchants' rate to New York, with very liberal stopover, were in effect. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS I9 Badge Book. — The Executive Committee, at Philadelphia, instructed me to continue the Badge Book, providing the same could be supplied to the members at an expense not to exceed seventy-five dollars. I could not procure same at that price, and therefore did not issue the book. Membership. — The membership statistics, as they appear on the books to January I, 1907, are as follows: Total number of Life Members 124 Total number of Annual Members 696 Total 820 Accredited to the following States: Life. Annual. Alabama 8 California . . 5 Colorado . . 8 Connecticut 14 Delaware 1 District of Columbia 7 16 Florida 4 Georgia 1 10 Illinois 7 81 Indiana 2 27 Iowa 10 Kansas 1 4 Kentucky 3 8 Louisiana 9 Maine 1 Maryland : 2 22 Massachusetts . 19 43 Michigan 9 30 Minnesota 3 9 Mississippi 1 Missouri 8 29 Nebraska 2 Xew Hampshire 4 New Jersey 8 20 New York 22 102 North Carolina 2 5 Ohio 8 82 Oregon 1 Pennsylvania 17 96. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Life. Annual. Rhode Island 8 South Carolina 1 South Dakota 1 Tennessee 1 Texas 1 1 Virginia 5 West Virginia 4 Washington 1 Wisconsin 1 16 Canada 7 Holland 1 124 696 The question of how to retain our membership, after getting the names enrolled, is one that needs our attention. In looking over the records of past years, I find that a gi-eat number have allowed themselves to be dropped from membership, that ought to be numbered on our list. The various vice presidents can accomplish much in retaining these names and I am pleased to note that a number of them have made efforts in that direction. Members Lost by Death. — Since the last report we have lost five mem- bers by death, three being Life and two Annual Members: Lewis Ullrich. Tiffin, 0. October 29, 1906. J. L. Dillon, Bloomsburg, Pa. October 30, 1906. James Braik, Buffalo, X. Y. January 16, 1907. J. F. Kretschmar, Flatbush, N. Y. June 8, 1907. Samuel Henshaw, W. Xew Brighton, X. Y. July 2.3, 1907. Since last report the following new plant names have been registered : September 29, 1906 — Cannas, Sunburst and Topeka, by Central Park Xursery, Topeka, Kan. October 27, 1906 — Rose, Rosa rugosa magnifica, by Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa. October 27, 1906 — Cannas, Meteor and Xew York, by Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa. October 27, 1906— Laelio-Cattleya, Washington A. Roebling 2nd, by C. G. Roebling, Trenton, X. J. Xovember 24, 1906 — Carnation, Toreador, by H. Weber & Sons Co., Oak- land, Md. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 21 November 24, 190G — Chrysanthemum, Weber's Chadwiek, by H. Weber & Sons Co., Oakland, Md. September 22, 190G — Canna, Magnificent, by Central Park Nursery Co., Topeka, Kan. February 6, 1907 — Chrysanthemum, Golden Dome, by John A. Macrae, Providence, R. I. Februarj^ 28, 1907 — Sweet Peas, LeMarquds, Mrs. George Lewis, Mrs. A. Zvolanek, and Mrs. Charles H. Totty, by A. C. Zvolanek, Bound Brook, N. J. March 18, 1907 — Rose, \^liite Killarney, by Waban Conservatories, Natick, Mass. August 10, 1907 — Rambler rose, Newport Fairy, by Julius Roehrs Co., Rutherford, N. J. August 17, 1907 — Rose, President Roosevelt, by the Dingee-Conard Co., West Grove, Pa. In closing I desire to state that having assumed the office of Secretary after January 1st, several of the subjects covered were during the term of my predecessor. P. J. Hauswirth, Secretary. On motion of Mr. Edwin Lonsdale, of Philadelphia, the report was accepted and made part of the records. THE TREASURER'S REPORT. The treasurer, Mr. H. B. Beatty, of Pittsburg, Pa., being called upon, was heartily applauded. He presented and read his annual report, which was as follows : Report of Life Membership Fund. December 31, 1906. 1906. Jan. 1. Balance as per Treasurer's Report of 1905 $3,731.52 May 11. No. 118 E. H. R. Green $30.00 No. 119 H. C. Bartman 30.00 No. 120 Thomas E. Cashman 30.00 $3,731.52 $90.00 22 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION 1906. Amount brought forward $90.00 $3,731.52 July 1. Interest on Deposit to July 1, 1906 75.07 July 10. No. 121 Asher M. Coe 25.00 Xo. 122 A. Jablonsky 25.00 Xo. 123 William Madsen 25.00 Sept. 14. Xo. 124 S. S. Pennock 25.00 Xo. 125 Leo Xiessen 25.00 Xo. 126 H. M. Altick 25.00 Xo. 127 Charles Lenker 25.00 Xo. 128 C. E. Meehan 30.00 Oct. 18. Xo. 129 A. Kakude 30.00 Xo. 130 S. S. Skidelsky 25.00 Dec. 20. Xo. 131 J. A. Bissinger 25.00 Xo. 132 Charles Lohr 25.00 * Dec. 31. Interest on deposit to January 1, 1907 81.17 Gross receipts for year 1906 556.24 Balance on deposit Germania Savings Bank, December 31, 1906 $4,287.76 Report of General Fund for the Year 1906. 1906. Jan. 1. Balance $3,482.96 Dec. 31. Dues, initiations and miscellaneous receipts for the year 3,300.79 $6,783.75 Dec. 31. Disbursements for the year 3,503.76 Dec. 31. Balance — Home Trust Co., December 31, 1906 $ 889.08 Citizens Banking Co., Dec. 31, 1906 2.390.91 $3,279.99 $3,279.99 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 2^ Analysis of Receipts and Disbursements, General Fund, 1906. 1906. Jan. 1. Balance $3,482.96 receipts. Dues collected for year 1904 $ 12.00 " " 1905 408.00 " " 1906 2,073.00 " " 1907 30.00 Total dues collected '. $2,523.00 Initiations collected 1905 $ 122.00 " " 1900 310.00 « " 1907 6.00 Total initiations collected 438.00 Life Membership Fund 75.00 Rebates on Badges 5.00 Badge Book Fund 62.00 Outdoor Exhibit 54.50 Interest on Bank Deposits 143.29 Gross receipts for year $3,300.79 ),783.75 disbursements. Secretary's salary $750.00 Asst. to Secretary at annual meeting 40.00 Executive Committee meetings 505.02 Copying proceedings Ex. Com. meeting 9.10 Stenographer's report — Annual convention 105.00 Printing proceedings — Annual convention 842.55 Miscellaneous printing 112.94 Secretary's office expense 420.69 Annual Badges and Badge Books 337.80 Miscellaneous expense 176.99 Insurance 5.16 Transferred to Life Membership Fund 81.00 Outdoor and trade exhibits 117.51 Total disbursements for year $3,503.76 Balance $3,279.99 24 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Receipts and Disbursemexts, General Fund for the Year 1906. 1906. Jan. 1. Balance $3,482.96 receipts. Feb. 9. Dues— Receipt Book No. 2101-2150 $150.00 '• 1901-1949 147.00 " 2051-2100 150.00 Mar. 20. " " " " 2151-2200 150.00 Apr. 26. , " " " " 2201-2250 150.00 May 1. Int. on Deposit Home Trust Co 23.00 May 26. Dues— Receipt Book Xo. 2251-2300 150.00 July 1. Int. on Deposit Citizens Banking Co 45.96 July 10. Dues— Receipt Book Xo. 2351-2400 150.00 Life Membership Fund 75.00 July 24. Dues— Receipt Book Xo. 2301-2350 150.00 Aug. 3. " " " " 2401-2450 150.00 Aug. 16. Dues and initiations Xo. 1101-1150 250.00 Sept. 4. Dues— Receipt Book Xo. 2451-2500 150.00 Sept. 14. Dues and initiations Xo. 1251-1300 247.00 Oct. 1. Rebate on badges 5.00 Dues and initiations X"o. 1301-1350 245.00 Oct. 18. " " " " 1351-1400 245.00 Dec. 6. Dues— Receipt Book Xo. 2501-2550 144.00 Dec. 19. " " " " 2551-2600 150.00 Dec. 20. Badge Book Advertising 62.00 Dec. 21. Receipts Outdoor Exhibit, Dayton, 0 54.50 Dec. 29. Dues and initiations Xo. 1401-1411 55.00 Dues— Receipt Book Xo. 2601-2641 128.00 Dec. 31. Int. Guarantee Title & Trust Co 27.45 Int. Citizens Banking Co 46.88 Gross receipts $3,300.79 1,783.75 DISBURSEMENTS. Jan. 15. Xo. 278 Bureau Printing and Engraving. . . . $396.95 Feb. 9. Xo. 279 Wm. J. Stewart, Sec'y 161.10 Mch. 27. Xo. 280 Wm. J. Stewart, Sec'y 96.33 Mch. 27. Xo. 281 Wm. F. Kasting 25.90 Mch. 27. Xo. 282 E. V. Hallock 40.00 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 25 Mch. 27. No. 283 Theodore Wirth $47.00 Mch. 27. No. 284 Traendly & Schenck 42.00 Mch. 27. No. 285 Bureau Printing and Engraving.... 11.50 Mch. 27. No. 286 P. J. Hauswirth 18.50 Mch. 27. No. 287 Paul C. Koeber 8.09 Mch. 27. No. 288 The Gunthorp Printing Co G.50 Mch. 29. No. 289 J. C. Vaughan 18.50 May 21. No. 290 Paul C. Koeber 24.50 June 21. No. 291 Wm. J. Stewart 375.00 July 10. No. 292 Wm. J. Stewart 39.94 July 10. No. 293 Bureau Printing and Engraving 24.85 July 10. No. 294 Life Membership Fund 75.00 July 24. No. 295 Wm. F. Kasting 25.90 July 24. No. 296 Wm. J. Stewart 49.50 Aug. 8. No. 297 George Asmus 23.50 Aug. 20. No. 298 N. Stafford Co 70.00 Sept. 4. No. 299 A— Life Membership Fund 6.00 Oct. 1. No. 299 B— Harry Papworth ; 10.00 Oct. 1. No. 300 Charles H. Vick 10.00 Oct. 1. No. 301 Wm. Scott 10.00 Oct. 1. No. 302 Henry Wulf 2.50 Oct. 1. No. 303 Joseph I. Gilbert 55.00 Oct. 1. No. 304 Bureau Printing and Engraving...... 245.00 Oct. 1. No. 305 Wm. J. Stewart, Sec'y 407.47 Oct. 23. No. 306 Hausauer- Jones Printing Co 19.75 Oct. 23. No. 307 The R. P. Sign Co 19.50 Dec. 7. No. 308 Wm. J. Stewart, Sec'y 61.85 Dec. 7. No. 309 Wm. F. Kasting 30.00 Dec. 8. No. 310 Wm. J. Stewart, Sec'y. 375.00 Dec. 19. No. 311 Phil. Wolf 5.00 Dec. 19. No. 312 J. H. Stevens 10.00 Dec. 26. No. 313 Wm. J. Stewart, Sec'y 150.78 Dec. 26. No. 314 Bureau Printing and Engraving.... 425.85 Dec. 29. No. 315 Wm. J. Stewart, Sec'y 9.50 Dec. 31. No. 316 Theodore J. Wirth 29.00 Dec. 31. No. 317 E. V. Hallock 41.00 Total Disbursements $3,503.76 « Balance $3,279.99 Dec. 31. Balance Home Trust Co $889.08 Dec. 31. Balance Citizens Banking Co 2,390.91 $3,279.99 26 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Pittsburgh, Pa., Feb. 28, 1907. Mr. H. B. Beatty, Treasurer, Society of American Florists, Pittsburgh, Pa. Dear Sir: — Your balance, according to our books, at the close of busi- ness, January 1, 1907, was $1,324.43, this account being transferred from the Home Trust Company of Pittsburgh. Yours very truly, P. J. Davidson, Vice President. Treasurer's Balance, Dec. 31, 1906 $889.08 Voucher No. 314, Check No. 77, favor Bureau Printing and EngraA^- ing, Cheek not redeemed Dec. 31, 1906 425.85 Issued Dec. 26, 1906. Voucher No. 315, Check No. 78, Wm. J. Stewart Check, not redeemed Dec. 31, 1906. Issued Dec. 29, 1906 9.50 Bank's Balance $1,324.43 (Both Checks since paid.) Pittsburgh, Pa., Feb. 28, 1907. Mr. H. B. Beatty, Treasurer, City. Dear Sir: — The balance to the credit of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists January 1, 1907, on savings account, bank book No. 28412, was $4,287.76. This includes $81.17 interest, which was credited on that date. Very truly yours, GERMANIA SAVINGS BANK, C. F. Gaedneb, Assistant Secretary. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 27 Oil City, Pa., Feb. 28, 1907. H. B. Beatty, Treasurer, Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists, Pittsburgh, Pa. Dear Sir: — I hereby certify that there was on deposit with this bank in the account of the above named Society on January 1, 1907, twenty three hun- dred ninety dollars and ninetj^-one cents ($2,390.91). Respectfully yours, CITIZENS BANKING CO. Fred C. McGill, Cashier. Audited and found correct. W. H. Elliott, Wm. F. Kasting, Committee. On motion of Mr. Robt. Craig, of Philadelphia, the report was received and made a part of the records. THE REPORTS OF STATE VICE PRESIDENTS. The presentation of annual reports by the state vice presidents was the next business. Secretary Hauswirth: Mr. President, I have received reports from a number of states. I ask whether it is the desire of the society to have them read? Mr. Wm. F. Gude: I move that they be printed and that the reading be dispensed with. The Secretary: Are there any vice presidents here who have not handed in their reports? Mr. Geo. Bayer, state vice president for Ohio (north), and Mr. Charles Lenker, state vice president for New York (east), handed in their communi- cations. President Stewart: The secretary will now announce the names of the states from which these reports have been received. Secretary Hauswirth : The names are as follows : Massachusetts ; Ohio (north) ; New York (east) ; Minnesota; West Virginia; Illinois (south) ; 28 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Illinois (north) ; Michigan (north) ; Connecticut; Colorado; Iowa; Missouri (west) ; Wisconsin; New Hampshire; Georgia; Louisiana; Maryland; New Jersey; Washington, D. C. ; Kansas; Kentucky; South Carolina and Ten- nessee. Mr, Alex. Wallace, of New York City: Mr. President, at the convention last year a committee was appointed to read the reports of the state vice presidents and present to us, for discussion, such points in them as might be deemed worthy of special mention. I know the value of this, having made the supervision in the past. I think that, in justice to the men who have gone to work to prepare these reports, the society should accord to their papers this consideration. I move the appointment of a committee for this purpose. Mr. Wallace's motion was adopted, and the motion of Mr. Gude as thus amended was agreed to without objection. The committee authorized by Mr. Wallace's motion was sub- sequently appointed as follows: Messrs. R. Vincent, Jr., Geo. A. Kuhl and J. G. Esler. THE TARIFF ON GREENHOUSE GLASS. The next business was the presentation of reports from com- mittees. Mr. Benj. Hammond, of Fishkill, N. Y., chairman of the Legislative Committee, presented and read a report from the com- mittee upon the subject of the duty on greenhouse glass, which was assigned to them at the Dayton convention. The report was as follows : Greenhouse Glass — The Import Duty as it Affects the Florists. At the S. A. F. 0. H. convention, held at Dayton, 0., President Easting's address brought out matters which led to a discussion on the high cost of greenhouse glass, and that the tariff thereon had a marked effect in keeping up the very high cost. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 29 How many millions of square feet of glass are used by the florists of the United States, I am unable to say, but all men who have greenhouses or cold frame plants, are greatly interested in the cost of this important commodity. In the discussion which ensued at the time, it was stated that if there was to be anything done in the modification of the present tax on glass, some action must be taken, otherwise nothing would ever be accomplished. The matter, after debate, was referred to a committee, of which the writer is a member, and to give a correct status of the present rate on glass, applica- tion was made to the Commissioner of Commerce and Labor. Prior to the Spanish war (so-called), the rate on glass used by the greenhouse men was as follows : On all sizes not exceeding 10x15 in. sq., the import duty was Ic. per pound; on all sizes above 10x15 in. sq., and not exceeding 16x24 in. sq., li/4c. per pound; above 16x24 in, sq., and not exceeding 24x30 in. sq., l%c. per pound. It will be noted that the tariff is not placed upon the square foot, nor is it an ad valorem rate, the valuation being placed at the net weight of glass in boxes, which are 50 feet, or as near as may be, and glass will approximate 50 to 80 pounds net in a box, according to thickness. Such was the rate in existence in 1896. In 1897 the tariff was changed, and it is under this tariff that the glass now used in the United States is protected. The paragraph which governs that duty is as follows : Glass not exceeding 10x15 in, sq., at l%c, per pound; above that and not exceeding 16x24 in, sq,, at l%c, per pound; and not exceeding 24x.30 in. sq,, at 2%c, per pound. Provided, that the duties shall be according to the actual weight of the glass. The reader will see at a glance the substantial increase in the cost of each box of glass, which this protection gives over and above 1896 and pre- vious. In 1896 the volume imported of the cylinder, crown and common window glass Avas $54,189,854,13 and for 1905 it was $17,933,028,50, The question before the greenhouse men of the country is, whether it is worth while to make an eifort to procure less duty on glass, to bring before the proper authorities the sense that the time is ripe and should be carried into effect of modifying for the general good the high rates of the present duties. Of course, this matter affects not only greenhouse people, but every builder and sash maker in the land. It was suggested at the Dayton convention that the florists of the United States should make known their interest in the matter by direct statement. The committee to whom this was referred would be glad to hear of the public expression, looking to a proper presentation of the matter in such shape that it will command the attention of the proper Congressional committees. 30 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Following the S. A. F. convention your committee took up this matter with the Honorable Sereno E. Payne, chairman of the \\^ays and Means Committee of the House of Representatives, and also with Congressman Ames of Massachusetts; these gentlemen advised of the condition of the case as it stood in the last Congress in the following letters which clearly indicated that no action was ripe for change in tariff on glass at that time : Committee on Ways and Means. House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. Auburn, N. Y., Nov. 21, 190G. ]\Ir. Benjamin Hammond, Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y. Dear Sir: — Yours of the 20th inst. received. Congress meets this year on the 3d of December, and the term of this Congress expires on the 4th of March, giving three months, with the exception of the holidays, for what work we have to do. The time is barely sufficient to give consideration to the appro- priation bills which will come up. All would agree it would be entirely impossible to pass a tariff bill. While you desire but one item of the tariff changed, this could not be considered without taking up the whole subject of tariff revision and consider- ing all the claims for changes to be made to the different schedules. Tliis, of course, is a matter that requires much time and deliberation. I read with interest your statement in The Weekly Florists' Revieiv. While we imported $54,000,000 of cylinder, crown and common window glass in 1896 and but $18,000,000 in roimd numbers in 1905, it would appear that our workmen had $36,000,000 worth more of glass to manufacture at the latter date than in 1896. This means, of course, prosperity to the workmen in the glass manufacturing business. You would readily admit that your business had been much better since 1897, than it was in the three years preceding that year under the Wilson tariff act, and the year or two before that when the country was prostrated because of the uncertainty of what the Wilson people might do; for your business must be very dependent upon the general pros- perity of the country. It would be well for you to take into consideration whether it is not better to have the country generally prosperous under the present act, which brings prosperity to your business, rather than to restore the glass business to its condition under the Wilson tariff, thereby bringing your business back to the same condition of affairs. I only throw out this suggestion for your consideration, because when the subject of tariff revision is taken up, I shall hope to hear from the florists on this subject. Yours very truly, Sereno E. Paine. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 3I Washington, D. C, Dec. 8, 190G. Mr. Benjamin Hammond, Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y. Dear Sir: — Congressman Ames wishes me to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 6th instant with its enclosures in reference to the proposed re- vision of the tariff, and to say in reply that this matter has not yet reached a point where the majority of this Congress have indicated that they are favor- ahle to a revision. Very respectfully, J. A. Legare, Private Secretary. Mr. Hammond: Mr. President, I have now stated the situation as it existed. I was able to get no personal consideration from Mr. Payne other than a formal note, but I was assured without question that at the present time and perhaps until another Presidential election had gone by, it was almost hopeless to expect any action excepting in an educational way or any material alteration of duties upon any lines affected by the present tariff. On motion of Mr. P. O'Mara^ the report was accepted and placed on record. On motion of Mr. H. B. Beatty, the thanks of the convention were voted to the Legislative Committee for their very useful work and report. Mr. Wm. F. Gude called attention to the importance to florists of the subject of Mr. Hammond's report, in view of the cost of labor in the building of glass houses. He said he thought the tariff should be as low as possible. He remarked that the com- mittee had spent much time in preparing an able report and there- fore their recommendations were entitled to at least some discussion. He suggested that gentlemen who were personally interested in the matter, and who were about retiring from the hall ought to take part in the discussion, as it was a poor incentive to any committee to find that the results of their labor and study were received in silence by those for whose benefit they were secured. Mr. Chas. Lenker, of Freeport, N. Y., said there had been no general understanding that a discussion of the subject at this time was expected. 32 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION President Stewart replied tliat it was optional with the conven- tion to entertain discussion. Mr. A. Farenwald, of Hillsdale, Pa.: Mr. President, it would be very- desirable to have low prices on glass, but it is equally desirable to have good times. The lowering of a tariff duty does not cut so large a figure if it is accompanied with the risk of injury to general business conditions. If good times are maintained it may not be difficult to remedy evils in the tariff. As there has been no general agitation of this question, our members probably think it would be better to leave well enough alone. As long as we have no power to change the tariff, I think we might as well reserve what might be said on that point until it can be said more effectively. I don't think we can accomplish anything now. Of course it might be well for our Society to try to let the Congressmen know, once in a while, that we are alive and kicking, but I don't think that we would accomplish much in a practical way at this time, and I would therefore leave the tariff alone for a while. As Congressman Ames has said, we had a change in the tariff some years ago and the times were "blue" afterwards. We don't w^ant any "blue times" now. Mr. E. A. Scribner, of Detroit, Mich. : I endorse the sentiment just expressed; and in vieW' of the tone of Mr. Hammond's remarks, I think that that sentiment fits the case as he presents it. Mr. p. O'Mara explained that there had been no discussion of the committee's report because none seemed to be needed, as it simply presented the fact that the committee had sought redress where they expected to obtain it and none had been promised them. He continued : The chairman of the Committee on Waj^s and Means, and the other congressman, said practically to the committee, "Do you wish to march under the banner of general prosperity or that of general adversity?" That is an old trick in politics. If there is to be discussion, it would be interesting to ascertain the cost of manufacturing glass in the United States as qompared with the cost abroad, and under Avliat tariff the American manufacturer may make a fair profit on his investment. A discussion along that line might lead to a showing of just how much the trust is milking the florist cow. (Ap- plause. ) Mr. Robt. Kift, of Philadelphia: Mr. President, I am not in sympathy with those who believe in the tariff' making good times. I don't want to make a political speech at all, but simply to say I think that a believer in that theory is like a man who wants to make business good by giving his neighbor a couple of dollars to come and buy flowers from him. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 33 Mr. Wm. F. Kasting: Mr. President, when I brought up this subject last year I spoke of the American Glass Company charging the florists $2.92 for a box of 16x24, which is the general run. I bought glass myself at that price. This year, I believe, they are charging $3.85. That fact demonstrates that there is something wrong with our tariflf. Now, I am a Democrat but not a free trader. With Mr. O'Mara, I believe in a protective tariff; but when a manufacturer can make a good profit on glass at $2.92 per box and, within a year, charges nearly $4 for it, we want to know what excuse there is for it. The working man does not get any benefit from it. You see what our president is doing today in regard to the railroad, the Standard Oil and the' other trusts. But why do trusts, exist? It is because they are protected by exorbitant tariffs. And this may explain what is otherwise incomprehensible in the matter of glass. I don't think that good times are made by doubling the price of that, or any other manufactured article. I say therefore this society should look into the manufacture of glass, should go to the bottom of it and ascertain the cost. Let this commit- tee or some other present those facts to the gentlemen of the Ways and Means Committee, and let this society then be heard upon them. Mr. H. B. Beatty: Mr. President, while I know nothing of the cost of producing glass and do not want to make a political speech, I may say that I do know something of the conditions that have existed, because in the busi- ness in which I am engaged we supply a large quantity of natural gas to the glass manufacturers. It is not a fact that they shut down their factories, but the fact is that the working men will only work for so many months in the year. In reality the Glass Workers' Union is the greatest trust in the United States. Its members simply work when they want to. It is a fact that the factories are paying 50 per cent more for their fuel and more for their soda ash than they ever paid before, and the increased price can be accounted for as I have stated. Mr. A. Farenwald, of Hillside, Pa., said he agreed with Mr. Beatty that the price was not increased by the manufacturers arbi- trarily but was regulated by conditions over which they had no control, such as the condition of the market and the demands made upon them by their employes. He said the glass blowers undertake to dictate the wages to be paid them and to fight the men who make the prices, and consequently there were fluctuations in the prices. Mr. E. G. Hill, of Pvichmond, Ind. : Mr. President, in 1890, '91 or '92, I believe, we bought double strength glass for $2.10, $2.20 and $2.25 a box, for which at the present time we are paying over $3.50. The Glass Workers' 34 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Union is unfair in its demands upon the manufacturers, and the latter are simply unreasonable in their demands upon the florists. A few years ago there was a time when you could purchase two boxes of glass, in any Canadian city, for what one box cost in this country. That was done simply through the duty on glass. The question is not one of supply and demand; it is a question of whether the trust wants to sell at a certain price or not. That is all there is about that. Now, that letter of Mr. Sereno Payne's is a very plausibly written document. It shows simply the trick of an adroit politician. In Indiana the Republican leaders say, or our senior senator says, that the tariff cannot be revised along the whole line but it can be done specifically. It was done, however; it Avas done in the interest of New England during the coal strike; when they wanted coal there and wanted it more cheaply than they had been paying for it. Senator Beveridge says that if the people want a modification as to any one article they can get it if they appeal to Congress with sufficient force. The situation is rather a critical one at the present time, and I don't know whether we can accomplish anything or not. Perhaps most of you have read the recent speech of Secretary Taft. He says, "Wait until after the presidential election;" and I guess we will have to wait. But meanwhile we could do something in the way of moulding public opinion. He intimates that the next convention of the political party to which he belongs, ought to state positively what they intend to do in regard to a revision of the tariff, and he favors revision. Now, whether we can do anything to stimulate thought on that line by an appeal from this society is the question. But don't let these politicians fool you, and don't let Mr. Farenwald get the idea into your head that the law of supply and demand regulates the price of glass. That is all nonsense. The glass manufacturers in the State of Indiana are simply laughing in their sleeves at the slick way in which they hoodwink the people and hoodwink Congress. One glass manufacturer said to me, some time ago, "We went down to Washington and got everything we wanted." Why did they get it? It was because they had friends in Congress who gave it to them. I think that perhaps a time will come when we can use an appeal to Congress in an effective manner. Last year we had some of those fellows out West badly scared — the high protectionists, who were doing the bidding of the Trusts — and after that they treated us with a great deal more consideration than they did before; and I think that perhaps in another year we, as a society, can present a more effective argument and one that will have more profitable results than any we have presented heretofore. (Ap- plause. ) Mr. A. H. Langjahr, of New York City: I think the time has come to have a committee appointed to take up this glass question, and perhaps there may be other matters to be handed to them; and we could wait until next SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 35 year for them to report. Secretary Taft said, in his speech yesterday, there woukl be nothing done until after the election, and I think we ought to be content to wait for a year. President Stewart: The chair reminds the gentleman that a committee on the subject is in existence, and it is the report of that committee that has brought up the present discussion. Mr. J. T. D. Fulmer, of Des Moines, Iowa: Mr. President, when com- ing to this convention I fell asleep and it appeared to me that I had arrived here; that E. G. Hill was making a speech in which he told us how high the price of glass was, how the glass men had hoodwinked us, fooled the florists, and so on. Then, in my vision, the glass manufacturers held a session, and I attended that convention, when one of their members got up and said, "Do you know the man, E. G. Hill, the florist, in Indiana? Why, sirs, he is a rose grower, and in the last ten years he has raised the price of roses five times as much as we have put up the price of glass. Tliose florists are get- ting mad because they are paying a higher duty on glass, yet they are increas- ing the price of their product more than we have increased ours. Now, let us do a good thing and petition Congress to make the duty on glass a little higher." And about that time there was a sudden jolt of the car, I awoke and — lo and behold — it was all a dream. (Merriment.) Mr. E. V. Hallock expressed the hope that within a year or two the tariff would be taken out of poHtics and the schedules adjusted by a tariff commission. Then both parties would be alike re- sponsible for the rates. He said his recollection was that at Day- ton a committee was appointed to go before Congress and present' a plea for the reduction of the duty on florists' glass and window glass. He thought a mistake was made in combining the two. He believed that the way to get a reduction on greenhouse glass was to make a special plea for it upon the ground that it differed en- tirely from window glass used for homes, etc., and that it should have a special schedule because the florists used it for manufacturing; purposes. Certain materials for manufacturing purposes are ad- mitted free, and he thought that florists' glass might be included among them. (Applause.) Mr. P. O'Mara said the amount of glass used by florists is small in comparison with all other window glass, and the society possibly was tackling a pretty large problem but he thought that 36 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION in this matter they could eiiHst the co-operation of others outside of the trade. Mr. H. B. Beatty asked Air. Hammond to state the rate of duty on a box of glass according to the schedule which that gentleman had read. Mr. Hammond said that, taking the average of five boxes, the weight of the glass in a fifty-foot box was about sixty-three pounds ; that the duty was IJ^ cts. per pound on a 16x24 box, which would make $1.10 tariff per box. The larger the size of glass, the greater was the tax. Mr. Thos. Mansfield, of Lockport, N. Y., remarked that he had spent half his life in England, that he came to this country to better himself and had succeeded. He said he did not want now to see the glass manufacturers here brought down to the level of those in Europe, for it would shorten their flower buying capacity. Air. A. Farenwald, replying to an inquiry by Air. O'AIara, said that a Xew Jersey manufacturer had expressed to him the opinion that the florists used only from one to two per cent of the glass manufactured in the United States. Air. S. AI. Peck, of Toledo, Ohio, spoke of the conflicting views which he had heard expressed, some speakers having claimed that the tariff had no influence on the florists' trade, and others asserting that it had everything to do with it. He said that in the campaign which resulted in President AIcKinley's election, the relative merits of a high and a low tariff occupied general attention in his section, and he had a lively discussion with a neighbor, who contended that business systems in the old country were better for the poor man than our high tariff. He continued: • \Ye appealed to a neighbor who was one of a family of nine children, all of whom had been born and raised abroad. He decided the question in this way, "When our family lived in the old country we worked for two years to make money enough to get father over here, and when he came over, he saved money enough in six months to bring the whole family over." Now, I say we cannot expect to have this tax taken off for our special benefit while the taxes remain on everybody else. Aside from that, I do not SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 37 believe that the increase in the price of glass has lessened the building of greenhouses in this country in the last two years, I notice that all the manu- facturers of greenliouse material are rushed so much that you can hardly get an order filled without delay ; and, if that is the case, certainly the increase in the tariff does not affect the florists' bu-iness very seriously. (Applause.) On motion of ^Ir. John Burton, of Philadelphia, the discussion here closed. On motion of Mr. A. H. Langjahr, of New York city, the com- mittee on the subject, known as the Legislative Committee (consist- ing of five members), was continued and its membership increased by the addition thereto of Messrs. P. O'Mara and E. G. Hill. Adjourned until the following morning. THE PRESIDENT'S RECEPTION. President Stewart received the members of the society and their ladies in the foyer of the convention building at 8 o'clock in the evening. The very large number of guests testified to the popularity of this social function. They formed in line and were presented singly, each one receiving cordial recognition by the president and his assistants, which was followed by a brief but pleasant interview. Among those who assisted in receiving were Mr. and Mrs. Robt. Craig, Mr. and Mrs. H. B. Beatty, Mr. Wm. R. Smith, Mr. and :\Irs. W. F. Kasting, Mr. J. D. Carmody, Mr. and Mrs. P. J. Hauswirth and Mrs. W. K. Harris. After paying their respects to the president the members and their ladies passed on into the auditorium, where a vaudeville per- formance was given and refreshments served. The whole affair was thoroughly enjoyed by all the participants. 38 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION SECOND DAY— MORNING. Wednesday, Aug. 21, 1907. President Stewart, after opening the session, called for reports from committees, which order of business had not been completed on the previous day. Xo response being made, this business was deferred to permit of the reading and discussion of papers by the members, on interesting topics. BEDDING PLANTS— WHERE AND HOW TO USE THEM. The first paper was one prepared by ^Ir. Alois Frey, of Chi- cago, on "Bedding Plants — ^^llere and How to Use Them ;" which, in the absence of the author, was read by ]\Ir. Wilfrid Wheeler, of Concord, ]\Iass., and was received with applause. It was as follows : Riding through parks, along boulevards and country roads, speeding in trains through villages and towns, all over the country, passing the magnifi- cent palaces of the wealthy with their beautiful lawns, and the humble cot- tages of the poor surrounded by modest yards, everywhere, the eyes meet the brightness of flowers and richly colored plants, all of which at once impresses upon us the popularity and universal love for bedding plants. There is such a large variety of these plants, from the smallest annual, like Portulaca, up to the stately subtropical plants, and also the perennials must not be forgotten, for they figure greatly in various effective displays. Then we have tulips, hyacinths, daffodils, etc.. for early spring flowering. No garden need be without flowers from the time the dainty little crocuses peep out of the snow until late in fall. Xo matter how small the purse, enough seed can be purchased to obtain a very harmonious and artistic effect, as well as a continuous season of flowers. It is not the means of being able to procure a large amount of choice plants, but it is the good taste and skill of the designer, who under- stands how to make an arrangement to harmoniously and discriminately com- bine the various colors with immediate surroundings, no matter how inex- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 39 pensive, that appeals to the lover of nature with all its art and beauty, and this is what we are striving for more and more every day. . The average florist who deals in bedding plants, should, by all means, give this particular subject thorough study, in order to be able to assist and educate his customers, who in most cases appreciate such advice and instruc- tion in regard to arranging and planting their gardens so as to present a beautiful picture. It requires just as much artistic judgment and ability to accomplish this, as the painting of a picture on canvas. The designer must show individuality and know exactly what proportion the plants will attain, how soon they will be fully developed, also how the colors will blend together ; in fact, he must see the finished picture before him when he designs his plans. The sooner we commence to understand how to arrange these beautiful gifts of nature better, the sooner we make a large majority of the people of our grand nation happier. We have everything to do it with, now let us under- stand how to do it. To cover the subject best I have divided it into two chapters, as the title of this article indicates: "Where to use them" and "How to use them." The proper selection of the place for the floral display is first to be con- sidered. A place where it will be properly effective is just as important as the execution of the planting, as this takes a definite part in the entire scheme. Locality, building and size of grounds must be taken into considera- tion. The smaller the place, the simpler should be the display; it is so easy to overcrowd a small front lawn whereby the proper eff"ect is entirely lost. Large places in proportion will have more elaborate plantings and the artist will have occasion to plan special features, such as courtyards, parterres, sunken gardens, Italian gardens, etc. The front of a building is most always selected for the display, which is generally formal, and, if the space is limited, a narrow border of plants adjoining the building ^vill be sufficient, with perhaps one or two beds on the lawn, proportional to the latter. There should always be plenty of green grass to offset the beds. The backyard as a rule is very much neglected and in many instances unsightly; here I would advocate to have a grass plot with a border plantation. How much more cheerful one would feel, looking into a well kept yard than at a lot of rubbish. Places of larger dimensions, with their beautiful landscape effects, must be treated more in detail. Here we have an opportunity to lay out in connec- tion wdth residences, conservatories and public buildings, courtyards, par- terres, rose gardens, etc., which as a general rule are part of the architectural scheme and in harmony with the style of the building. In the last few years Italian gardens -have again become quite popular, and these especially set apart from the rest of the landscape, must be treated by themselves. They are very set and usually contain considerable color well blended together. 40 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Besides these forms of special treatment already mentioned Ave also have otlier flower .gardens, which give an opportunity for a larger variety of flowering plants, in the line of annuals, roses and perennials, etc., which properly arranged make a brilliant eff'ect without interfering with the more subdued and restful landscape. Public parks especially are a great field for floral displays and, although some authorities on landscape gardening do not favor them, I believe the public fully appreciate flowers; though the utmost care must be taken not to let them run wild all over the park, but to keep them in the vicinity of build- ings or entirely away and screened off from the quiet landscape. Boulevards, also, and small squares can be most admirably brightened with the ornamenta- tion of flower beds. Last year, at the convention in Dayton, Ohio, all our members had the rare opportunity of seeing how the surroundings of a factory can be laid out in a most praiseworthy manner. Here our bedding plants brighten daily the minds of thousands of people. How many people are not fortunate enough to possess a home with a lawn and flower beds! There is no necessity to deprive themselves of nature's gifts; but they can enjoy them in a more modest way, by keeping flower boxes, which, no matter how obscure and unassuming the dwelling, give it a homelike air and enliven the aspect of many an otherwise somber home. On the other hand many beautiful residences rely solely upon piazza boxes for their floral display and exquisite results can be obtained in this manner. Finally, a few words should be devoted to the homes of our loved dead. There is nothing more soothing to the grief stricken heart than the sight of well kept cemeteries, bedded with appropriate flowers speaking the language of peace and rest. These are the many and varied ways that the bedding plants lend themselves to. Tliere still remains another problem to solve ; namely, "how" to use them." Here skill in artistic arrangement and harmony of colors is put to a severe test. Starting with the beginning of the season, the various Dutch bulbs are the first ones to attract our attention. They are easily cultivated and there- fore most appropriate for the amateur. Exquisite effects and color schemes can be carried out; although their duration of bloom barely reaches more than four weeks, I think they make the most striking display of the season. Only the purest and clearest colors should be selected. Off colors and the peculiar magenta shades are hard to match with pure colors and are best planted by themselves or far enough distant so as not to detract from them. Mixed beds containing a number of varieties look very well, but beds of all SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 4I one color show far better taste.- \Yliere a number of beds are planned, greater attention must be given to work out a harmonious color scheme.- Pink, white and light blue blend admirably together; next comes yellow, then red and 3'ellow, and the various reds. It is a great deal more pleasing to the eye to let the colors run into eacli other bj^ degrees than to create too big a contrast. Colonies of crocuses, snowdrops and Seillas singly and several together, irregularly scattered on the lawn look very charming. Pausies, Bellis and Alyosotis are also extensively used. Although the pansies come in a multitude of colors, they are mostly used mixed and often with Bellis perennis as a border. Little advantage has been taken of working out color schemes with pansies, and yet, if w^e stop to study their rich tints, tints which I think cannot be found in any other plant, the possibilities are w^onderful. Follow- ing these come the summer plantings with cannas, geraniums, heliotrope, be- gonias, petunias, coleus, acalyphas, abutilon, salvias, A^erbenas, and a great number of other plants too numerous to be mentioned. Most all bedding plants thrive and flourish best in full sunlight except tuberous begonias and fuchsias, which do best in half shade, where there is plenty of indirect light; other plants like some of our hardy palms, Phoenixes, Latanias, Chamaerops, the various fibrous rooted begonias, like semperflorens, Vernon, Schmitti and fancy leaved caladiums do well under both conditions. The "soil for cannas, Musas, Eicinus and Caladium esculentum should be very rich, as their growth will be so much more luxuriant; while the rest of the plants like geranium, begonias, verbenas, salvias, Cuphea, Ageratum, etc., also need enriched soil. Care must be taken not to use too much fer- tilizer, as this will result rather disastrously in the plants showing an abundance of foliage in place of flowers. Bedding plants before set out in their summer quarters, should be properly hardened off, they should be exposed freely to the air and sunlight at least two weeks before the planting season commences. Nothing serves this purpose better than the hot-bed, no matter how. much some of the grow- ers are opposed to this sort of cultivation. It is true, the cost of labor is somewhat higher, but the superior results obtained fully justify the expendi- ture made, and plants hardened off in this manner suffer but very little in transplanting. We have plants of every desirable height from two inches up to eight feet, some with a wealth of flowers, others again with richly colored foliage, some with coarser, others with more graceful features. In the arrangement of plantings one great object, which is one of the great principles in landscape gardening, is in many cases lost sight of, namely, the consideration of the sky line. Especially in large border plantations this should be applied; here we have tall plantings broken with lower ones, until 42 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION they finally run out to very low plants at tlie edge. . In fact, every bed as well as (in large disjDlays) the relation of one bed to the other should be treated in this way. While the beds are all more or less formal, they should not appear stiff. Every plant should have plenty of room for full develop- ment and where a number of varieties are used in one bed, the tall ones should not be massed all together, but here and there one should rise above the lower ones, so as to present a loose and pleasing arrangement, and in this manner every plant will show its valuable points more advantageously. For example, a bed planted only with Ficus elastica Avould look very stiff, but intermingled with the graceful Grevillea robusta and a border of ivy, it would lose this stiffness and present a very pleasing effect. Tliis shows that by careful study we can improve the bad points of one plant with the good ones of another. Particular stress should be given to the selection of the various tints, blending richly colored foliage tastefully with the more gorgeous tinted flowers, so as not to create too big a contrast. Beds of solid colors, alternating with some of less contrast, will harmoniously tie the entire display together and this will help greatly to achieve the desired plan. It is in the designer's power to present a very brilliant or also a very quiet picture, according to the scheme that is required. Quiet and restful effects are worked out by using tints of various blues, white and gray, variegated, glaucous and bronze foliage mth a little touch of red and Anthericum \ittatum, var., Punica granatum, pumila, Abelia rupestris, heliotrope, Plumbago capensis eoerulea and alba, Phy- gellius capensis, santolina and Abutilon Savitzii lend themselves well for this purpose. Much more could be said on the subject, but in my opinion, one runs no risk of failures by adhering to the points laid out in my modest essay. On motion of Mr. R. Vincent, Jr., this paper was accepted, made a part of the minutes, and the thanks of the society voted to its author. HARDY SHRUBS— HOW TO PLANT AND TREAT THEM. Mr. S. C. Moon, of Morrisville, Pa., presented and read a paper on this subject, which was Hstened to with much interest and fol- lowed with applause. The paper was as follows SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 43 Acknowledging, without much preamble, the distinguished compli- ment of being invited to address this intelligent audience on a subject with which you are already familiar, I will assume that we all vmderstand, by the term "hardy shrubs," the class of perennial bushy plants deciduous and evergreen, though largely deciduous, which are used for ornamenting lawns and gardens. Though mostlj^ of moderate size when planted, some of them eventually attain the proportions of small trees. Tlie term "hardy" will vary with the location of the planting, but will not materially affect the suggestions here presented. How to plant them will be considered in a two-fold light of, first, the distribution and arrangement of the plants on the lawn, and, second, the method of setting the roots in the ground. As a general rule the most effective way to plant shrubbery is in masses with not too much variety in one group. Prof. Bailey says: "The shrub- bery masses should be placed on the boundaries; for it is a fundamental con- cept of landscape gardening that the center shall be open. In most places the mass or border planting should be the rule and the isolated specimens the exception; but unfortunately the rule is usually reversed. Plants scattered over a lawn destroy all appearance of unity and purpose in the place. Every part of the place is equally accented. The area has no meaning or individ- uality. The plants are in the way. They spoil the lawn. The place is random. ' ' Some planters seem to think it desirable to have one plant of as many varieties as can find accommodation on the lawn, in order that they may enjoy each plant individually as it passes through its varying changes through- out the year, of foliage, flowering, fruitage and leaflessness. Such an arrange- ment may be appropriate for an arboretum or trial-grounds and there are special charms about such a collection of shrubs as each successively comes into bloom, affording valuable object lessons to the student and gardener; but it is not the way to produce the most effective results in lawn adorn- ment. As the blooming period of most shrubs is about two to four weeks' duration, the beauty of foliage hues, both in the greenness of summer and in autumn colorings, is an important consideration in the arrangement of shrubbery groups. The introduction of bright colored foliage, such as golden elder, Philadelphus, variegated Weigelia, purple-leaf plum and barberry, is occasionally done very effectively, but more frequently the result is a con- spicuous blotch amid the verdure. The handling of bright colors always requires a high degree of artistic skill or the results produced are liable to be displeasing to the most refined tastes. It is easy to see conspicuous evidences of the truth of the above statements in almost every suburban neighborhood, in examples of good and of bad planting. In large grounds the shrubbery planting should be composed of succes- sive masses of several plants of one species together, followed by another 44 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION harmonious mass of another sort, the border of the two groups interlacing with each other, making a natural and easy transition from one variety to the other. Let the transition from one variety to another be gradual, not too sudden, and let the groups be not too large or too exclusive. An odd plant taller or different from the others may occasionally stand out or above its companions very effectively. Of course tall growers at the back, flanked with smaller and low branching species in the fore. It is not advisable to mix evergreen and deciduous shrubs in the same group. A few shrubs seem to be admirably adapted for filling in plants. Tamarix is one of these which may often be used to relieve a too monotonous sky-line, or to relieve for- mality, or to add variety in foliage effect, it being a tall, neat, inoffensive plant, w^hich will harmonize with almost anything. For low-drooping shrubs to be used for carrying foliage from tne grass lawn up to taller plants, few are more effective than Spirea Thunbergii, Stephanandra, Rhodotypus and Berberis Thunbergii. The outlines of shrubberies should not be too straight or formal, but irregular and natural. A skilled florist or gardener should almost conceive these ideas without instructions, but definite knowledge of the habits of the different shrubs to be employed is essential to enable one to make a planting which will develop consistently as they increase in age and size. That such information can only be obtained successfully by observation and experience is evidenced by the very large number of inharmonious combinations that are seen in shrub- beries all about the country which have overgrown one another. Probably Rhododendrons are treated injudiciously and are a source of disappointment and of waste of money, more than any other shrub, largely through misunderstanding. Rhododendrons are sociable individuals, liking the companionship and protection of other plants. Their fine fibrous roots delight in cool, moist soil but do not Avant to go very deep in earth to find these conditions and are particularly sensitive to excessive heat or drought in midsummer. A situation where the shadow of large trees or buildings will shield from midday sun in summer, and in winter from severe winds, is an ideal position. A perpetual mulch of leaves, renewed each autumn, and with a light coat of stable manure on top of the leaves, to keep them from blow- ing away, is most congenial to them. Mulching and shelter from wind are the most essential conditions. One of my most satisfactory plantings of Rhododendrons was a small bed at south corner of a residence. They were Avanted in this position, but the owner had been told that they would not succeed in southern exposure. Recognizing the fact that a large pear tree southeast of this bed would afford midday shade, and groups of large forest trees and neighboring buildings, not far away, would afford shelter from wind, the location was considered eligible. The natural soil was quite sandy but by generous excavation two feet deep and filling with muck and vegetable mould, taken from open ditches SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 45 on a nearby farm, and a few barrels of fibrous peat, a soil was prepared which proved suitable. The Rhododendrons were planted four to five feet apart and all vacant spaces filled in with Mahonia aquifolia and Mahonia Japonica and Heath Arborvitae (Thuya ericoides) until the bed was a solid mass of foliage, effectually shading the stems of the plants and the ground around them. The ground was then covered with a mulch of leaves a foot deep with instructions to keep the mulch there all the time, renewing it every autumn, and that as the Rhododendrons grow and spread the nurse plants should be cut back or removed. This planting was made nine years ago and has been successful. A most difficult problem in shrub arrangement, more frequently met with in the practical experience of florists and jobbing gardeners than the laying out of large lawns where general rules of landscape gardening might be applied, is the requirement of owners of small yards, who want one dozen of their old favorites set in a bed or along a garden fence. Perhaps it will be a lilac, Forsythia, snowball, Cydonia, Weigela, Spirea, Deutzia, Chionan- thus, dogwood, Hydrangea and a purple filbert or other such incongruous neighbors. He who can arrange such a group as this, tastily, and so it will continue attractive throughout the year, is a master in the art of shrub arrangement. Hopeless as this task may seem, there are plants which we may always look to for help in such emergencies. The slender sprays of feathery foliage of the Tamarix; the gracefully drooping branches of Spirea Thunbergii; Stephanandra flexuosa; the single flowered Kerrias, including the white form kno^^^l as Rhodotypus Kerrioides with its crinkled foliage, are all gentle, inoff"ensive subjects who are willing to help fill up a gap and hide from public gaze the aAvkwardness of their fellows wherever such service is needed. By adding a few plants of these slender species, the stiffness of a group may be much relieved and some of its awkwardness softened. Now as to how to plant. One of my most valuable lessons about plant- ing was learned in walking through a lawn with an old gardener, who remarked, "The man who planted this place understood his business. See! every tree is set on a little hill or mound." The next time you have oppor- tunity, compare the diff'erence in appearance of a lawn where trees and shrubs stand in mounds slightly above the level of the surrounding lawn, and other plantings where the lawn level is carried up to the roots of the plants, or as is sometimes seen, where plants stand in a depression. See which you like best and then judge of the wisdom of the above suggestion. A bed or border for shrubbery should be heavily manured and dug or plowed deeply and prepared as carefully as for corn or potatoes or any other crop which is wanted to grow well. If I tell you not to ram the roots into a little hole in the ground, but to set them on a little mound, you will think I am joking, but that is pretty nearly what I mean. It would seem as though every gardener should be tired of hearing the 46 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION trite advice to dig hig holes for shrubs and trees, but the innumerable evi- dences of violations of the rule show that many planters have not yet learned this lesson perfectly. Some shrubs, as Forsythias, Spireas, Deutzias, etc., may flourish if stuck in the ground any way, but many others need the best of care to insure success, and carelessness in setting often discredits good material and a job which in other respects may be all right. Dig holes larger and deeper than the roots require and larger in diameter at bottom than at top, then fill in some of the best soil obtainable, making a little cone or mound in the center of the hole. Then spread out the roots of plants around this mound of earth so that all roots tend downward rather than horizon- tally or upwards. Fill in the richest soil first, tramping firmly as the filling proceeds. Remember Peter Henderson's chapter on the "Use of the foot in planting." Also bear in mind that it is results that count, and five minutes spent in careful planting may mean one or two years saved in attaining the desired end. Under the heading, "How to Treat Shrubs," I will allude to manuring, mulching and pruning. After planting apply a good mulch of manure to conserve moisture, furnish nourishment and to suppress grass and weeds. An annual mulching of leaves, with coarse manure to prevent their blowing away, is beneficial to almost every class of plants, and mulched or fallow ground is better than grass around the stems. Most deciduous shrubs should be pruned severely when planted. Rho- dodendrons, Azaleas, Andromedas, etc., are usually transplanted with balls of earth and do not need much pruning, but where it is needful it won't hurt them. The annual pruning is a most important part of the care of shrub- bery and the point most diflicult to give instructions on by written directions. It is an art which must be learned by practice and observation. The general rule, to trim early bloomers as soon as they are through fiowering; and mid- summer or late bloomers, in winter, contains a suggestion, but the indiscrimi- nate cutting back of every shrub every year is a great mistake. When a shrub seems weak and needs strengthening, cut out declining shoots and apply manure around it. ^^^len one is too vigorous and rampant, remove or shorten superfluous shoots and reduce to symmetry with as little mutilation as possi- ble. When one has become overgro^^^l and dilapidated in appearance, cut back a part or perhaps all of its unsightly stems severely, probably at the ground, and allow new shoots to restore the beauty and vigor of youth. The only way to learn the art of trimming shrubbery is by observation and practice and the exercise of gumption. A safe general rule is, that whenever you see a twig or branch which needs removing, cut it off on sight, regardless of time of year or other conditions, and when you don't see anything that needs removal, don't prune it, regardless of rule or custom; and for a negative rule, never shear a shrub with a hedge shears! The shearing of la-s^Ti shrubs into bald pates, suggestive of convicts or sheared sheep, displays ignorance of SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 47 plants and depravity of taste. To the last general rule I make exception for topiary gardening, but the creation and care of topiary gardens and of formal specimens is a special art for which all of the above suggestions would have to be modified. If my feeble sentences may be suggestive of useful after-thoughts in your minds and in mine, they will have accomplished all that I can hope for them. President Stewart invited discussion and said: This splendid practical paper is just what we would expect from a master in his art such as we know Mr. Moon to be. I think the society will agree with me that they have listened to one of the most valuable contributions ever presented. On motion of Mr. A. Farenwald, the paper was received, made part of the minutes, and the thanks of the society voted to Mr. Moon. Mr. E. H. Cushman, of Sylvania, Ohio: Mr. President, I recognize the paper as a very valuable one, and a gratifying fact is that we did not have to sit here and listen to something more than we needed. I would like to ask Mr. Moon a question in regard to the transplanting of shrubs, with respect to the root pruning at the time of planting. Is it advisable to remove some of the roots in transplanting, as a rule? Mr. Moon: That is a point on which perhaps we might have an unlim- ited expression of views. I don't think it necessary to root-prune most shrubs. If a big root is broken or mutilated, it is better off than on; but if the roots are in good condition and the plants properly planted I don't see that any advantage is to be gained by cutting the roots. I would rather cut off the top and plant all of the root that I could get. Of course there are exceptions to this but, as a general rule, I don't advocate cutting the root of a plant. Get all of the roots that you can and plant all that you get, Mr. Chas. Lenker, of Freeport, N. Y. : In my locality I could do noth- ing with the rhododendron except Parson's Hybrid. We have a sandy loam, and I planted them without any protection whatsoever. I did not lose two per cent of them. I have had some of them standing for five years during the most severe winters. A great injury and injustice is done to the public here by using the Himalayan Mountain varieties which we import from Holland. What we get from there is generally a stalk with a little bit of soil adhering to it; you could put them in your pocket. None of those varieties are hardy, and 48 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION they are only bouglit because they are quick growers and cheap. There is a good fiekl for the hardy rhododendron. Mr. Moon: In reply to my friend here (Mr. Lenker) in regard to rhododendrons, I would say that I was not asked to touch upon the question of varieties and therefore did not mention the facts he has stated. It is true, as he says, that what are called Parson's Hj^brids appear to be the varieties that are best adapted for this country. They are not propagated in sufficient quantities to supply the demand. If every planter insisted upon having Parson's Hybrids, one-half of those ordering them would not get any rhodo- dendrons. If we are going to plant these more tender varieties, I think the pre- cautions I have suggested would assist in the successful growing of those which are not the most hardy. True, the Rhododendron maximum and most of Parson's hybrids would grow almost anywhere, in many parts of the coun- try, but many rhododendrons are planted in places which are not suitable for them. Therefore if we have to plant unsuitable varieties, let us make the conditions as favorable as possible. They ought to be planted where they would have protection or shelter from wind and drought. Mr. F. E. Palmer, of Brookline, Mass., remarked that many nurserymen claimed that the reason why the plants are a failure is partly because of the stock on which they are grafted. He asked whether this, in their native homes, was an important con- sideration. Mr. Moon replied that he had never visited the European nurseries but that R. ponticum is nearly always used for grafting as it makes the best roots of any rhododendron for transplanting, surpassing in this respect R. maximum; that it is not hardy in this country but the roots are hardy. He said it was generally grafted low, and the graft is planted below the ground, so that the tender roots seldom suffer from cold if properly planted. The discussion here closed. HARDY PERENNIAL PLANTS. President Stewart announced that Mr. Ernest Henning, who was expected to discuss "The Effective Arrangement of Hardy Perennial Plants," had been unable to prepare a paper on the subject. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 49 TO MEET AT NIAGARA FALLS IN 1908. The next order of business was the selection of a location for the next annual meeting. President Stewart explained that the by-laws required the choice to be made by ballot. Secretary Hauswirth (being called upon by the chair) stated tliat invitations, in the general line of such communications, had been received from Columbus, Ohio ; Atlantic City, N. J. ; Put- in-Bay, ]\Iich.; and Detroit; the latter city sending two, one from the mayor and one from the Convention Bureau. The Detroit invitations were read. Mr. W. W. Cutler, of Niagara Falls, N. Y., ex-mayor of that city (a member of the society), extended an invitation from the citizens of Niagara Falls and made an earnest plea for its accept- ance. He assured the convention that it would be well entertained there, and that a convention hall and an exhibition place would be furnished without cost to it. Mr. Philip Breitmeyer, of Detroit, presented the claims of that city and detailed its advantages as a meeting place for the society. Mr. A. Poehlmann, of Chicago, in presenting an invitation from that city, alluded to the National Flower Show to be held there in November next year, and the exhibition of the American Rose Society at another date. He was apprehensive that Chicago might be looked upon as asking too much if it insisted upon having the convention meet there, and therefore the brethren in that city simply presented an invitation and left its acceptance discretionary with the society. Mr. W. F. Kasting, of Buffalo, said there were abundant hotel accommodations at Niagara Falls, and if that place was selected the few florists there would be given a helping hand by their Buffalo brethren. 50 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Mr. John Westcott, of Philadelphia, favored Niagara Falls and said that, if the facilities for entertainment there were limited, that fact w^uld be an additional inducement for the society to go there, as it did not" want any entertainment but could entertain itself. Mr. Wm. F. Gude, of Washington, D. C, said that a con- vention at the Falls, which he attended in recent years, was as well taken care of as it would have been in any other city. He thought that the spectacle of the Cataract would be in itself enough to com- pensate for a journey there. Mr. John G. Esler, of Saddle River, N. J., in order to comply with the requirement of the by-laws for a ballot, moved to instruct the secretary to cast one vote as expressing the unanimous sense of the convention in favor of Niagara Falls. Mr. Breitmeyer withdrew the claims of Detroit in favor of Niagara Falls. Mr. Esler's motion was adopted without dissent, and upon a ballot being cast by the secretary, the chair announced the unani- mous choice of Niagara Falls as the meeting place in 1908. Mr. Cutler expressed his appreciation of the action of the convention and assured the members that he would always be at their service in imparting information and making himself useful up to the time of the next meeting. Three cheers were then given for the ex-mayor. COMMUNICATIONS. Secretary Hauswirth presented and read telegrams addressed to the convention, as follows : From Albert McCullough, of Cincinnati, acknowledging re- ceipt of notice of appointment on Tariff Committee and stating that the subject was worthy of every consideration and should be looked after with care. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 5 1 From H. D. Seele, of Elkhart, Ind., suggesting that the time of the annual meeting next year should not be changed. From Aliss Amy K. Luffman, of Spokane, Wash., regretting that an accident had prevented her attendance and wishing to be remembered to the society. REPORT OF THE JUDGES OF EXHIBITS. The report of the Judges of Exhibits in the Trade Exhibition (Messrs. Chas. H. Vick, of Rochester, N. Y. ; F. E. Palmer, of Brookline, Mass., and A. Gude, of Washington, D. C.) was pre- sented and read by Mr. F. E. Palmer, who explained that Chair- man Vick was unable to report because of a throat ailment. The report was as follows: Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa.: Cannas. Wm. Saunders: — Dark foliage, large sprke, scarlet. Honorable mention. New York: — Dark foliage, large flower, scarlet. Honorable mention. Uncle Sam. No apparent merit. Arthur Cowee, Berlin, N. Y. : Gladiolus. California: — Xo special merit. Philadelphia: — No special merit. John Lewis Childs, Floral Park, N. Y.: Gladiolus. Seedling No. 27: — White with a slight blush tint in throat. Certificate of merit. W. W. Eawson, Boston, Mass.; Gladiolus. Harvard and Katheryn : — Arrived in poor condition. W. A. Manda, South Orange, N. J.: Dracena unnamed: — Red, good habit, fine foliage. Certificate of merit. F. R. Pierson Co., Tarryto^^^l, N. Y. : Fern. Nephrolepis supcrbissima : — Heavy, dark, upright, compact fronds. Hon- orable mention. 52 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Chas. Eble, New Orleans, La. : Fern. Nephrolepis, unnamed: — Very fine, fringed, drooping fronds. Honorable mention. W. G. Mathews, Dayton, 0.: Coleus. Dayton Gem: — Xot of sufficient merit. Daniel B. Long, Buffalo, N. Y. Folders and novelties. Highly commended. Interlocking splice, Chicago ventilator lifter, new clamp. Good but not new. G^o. B. Hart, Rochester, X. Y. Hart's Handy Handle. Certificate of merit. Wilson & Hoyt, Summit, N. J. Steel and concrete bench. Honorable mention. Dayton Paper Novelty Co., Dayton, O. Embossed cut flower boxes in three different colors. Highly commended. M. Rice & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Ornamental tree log. Highly commended. (Signed) Chas. H. Vick, F. E. Palmer, A. GUDE. On motion of Mr. Chas. Lenker, of Freeport, N. Y., the re- port was accepted, made part of the minutes, and the thanks of the society voted to the judges. CHANGE OF THE NAME OF THE SOCIETY. Under the order of Unfinished Business the chair called for a report from the committee appointed by the executive board on a change of the name of the society. Mr. John K. M. L. Farquhar, chairman of the committee, re- sponded : SOCIETY OF AMERICx\N FLORISTS 53 Mr. President, tlie Executive Board of this Society, at its meeting in this city last March, recommended by a unanimous vote that a request be made to Congress for a change of the name of the Society by substituting for the present title that of ''The Society of American Horticulture." This recommendation has been considered by your committee and they now report in favor of the change. President Stewart invited discussion. Mr. A. Farenwald said he could see no reason for the change; that he thought the society would remain, as it had been, a trade organization, and that its present title was an appropriate one. Mr. F. E. Palmer replied that the fact of the society being re- garded as a trade organization had been considered an element of weakness. He said it was inviting all other branches of horticul- ture to come into it and, in order to be consistent, it should have a more comprehensive name and one which would promote an al- liance with the so-called private gardener element and other inter- ests. He said the words "Ornamental Horticulturists" had been adopted in order to get a national charter, but it was now admitted that that was a subterfuge. He thought it was the duty of the society to be honest ; that if it was to be exclusively a trade organ- ization it should have its charter amended accordingly ; that other- wise it should strengthen itself by having every horticultural ele- ment affiliated with it. He said that at present the auxiliary organizations refused to recognize it as the parent society and claimed that they had an equal right to that distinction. He criticized the words "Ornamental Horticulturists" as meaningless and ungrammatical, and complained that there was no genuine welcome to the gardener element, but that the tendency had been to keep out of the society many desirable members among private gardeners. He hoped that in the near future the florists' clubs of the country, which are growing in numbers, in effectiveness and influence, would become part and parcel of this parent society; and with that end in view he favored the change of title. He therefore moved to make the name "The Society of American Horticulture." 54 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Mr. Robt. Craig seconded Mr. Palmer's motion. He said that he and many members regarded the present name as too cumber- some and lengthy, and he liked "The Society of American Horti- culture" as a shorter and more expressive name and having a broader application. He continued : The phrase ' ' Ornamental Horticulturists ' ' was added to the old name for what seemed at the time to be a good reason, and the charter was granted under the name of ''The Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horti- culturists. ' ' As to whether the change now proposed would affect our charter, I may say that Mr. Wm. E. Smith, who did us the great service of getting the charter, informs me that he has consulted some of the congressional lawyers, who have told him that while an entire change of name would require addi- tional legislation, a simple amendment of the present name would not atfect the charter. So that there are no legal obstacles in the way, and I hope this change will be made. President Stewart expressed the opinion that the change could only be made by the power which granted the charter, and therefore he suggested a modification of the pending motion so as to make a request to Congress for action. Mr. Palmer made the modification. Prof. L. C. Corbett, of Washington, D. C, was, the next speaker. He said: Mr, President, I desire to say a word in this connection. Nearly every state in the Union has a State Horticultural Society and in addition there are manj^ organizations of a broader scope under similar names, such as the society for the promotion of Horticultural Science. If you are to change the name of this organization so as to make it a national horticultural society, I think that the sentiment of the state societies should be obtained, if possible, upon the question of the organization of such a general society, in order to secure their co-operation and to make this in reality a National Horticultural Society. Horticulture is a very broad term, as all of you know, and includes a variety of specialties. It seems to have been the custom in this country to segregate our societies rather than to consolidate them into a general body. As I have said, each state has a society; but, so far as I know, we have in no sense a National Horticultural Society aside from the society for the promo- tion of Horticultural Science, which is very closely akin to the society for the promotion of Agricultural Science. I believe that if you adopt a name such as SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 55 that of "The Society of American Horticulture," you will lose the close touch with the trade which you have at present and which is represented by the Society of American Florists; you will lose your identity and there will be one less horticultural organization in the United States than at present. In order to live up to the name, you Avill have to include in your organization the pomologists, the market gardeners, the ornamental horticulturists, the landscape gardeners, the cemetery people and all others engaged in horticul- tural pursuits. While I would like to see an organization of that kind, I realize that you would lose your identity by dropping the name "Society of xA.merican Florists." (Applause.) Mr. H. B. Howard, of Chicago: It seems to me that this Society is a trade organization and always has been recognized as a florists' body. Now, if We undertake to be all-embracing, the result will be that we will spread our- selves out so thinly that we will not be able to gather unto ourselves any additional strength and will dissipate that which we already possess. We, of course, want the help of the gentlemen who are designated as "Ornamental Horticulturists," but this is a trade body organized in the first place for trade purposes, and the further we depart from that object the weaker the organiza- tion becomes. I would view with much regret any departure which would drop the word "Florists" from the title of this organization. (Applause.) Mr. P. O'Mara, a member of the committee on the subject, explained that he had disagreed with the other members in their views and he might be said to be Hke the Irish juryman who de- clared that the other eleven were the most obstinate fellows he had ever met. (Merriment.) He continued: I believe in things being just what they seem; I don't believe it possible to fool the people, and I don't think we ought to be ashamed of being just precisely what we are. The Society of American Florists was born of neces- sity; it cut away from the Nurserjniien's Association because it could not get the recognition that it deserved and was entitled to. It formed a separate organization and up to the present time has carved out its own destiny very successfully. "Tlie intimation that a change of name would strengthen our organization is not justified by our experience. Our original by-laws stated the single object of this Society to be to advance the interests of its membership. The new by-laws, which have broadened our field of operation, state that our objects are "to advance the love of floriculture and horticulture in America, to pro- mote and encourage the development of their industries, to classify their prod- ucts, to hold meetings and exhibitions, to co-operate with the National and State governments and regularly organized horticultural bodies in dissemi- 56 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION nating horticultural knowledge," — which is a platform broad enough for any horticulturist to stand upon, I have reason to believe that at the time the change was made there were between eleven and twelve hundred members of our body; I believe that today the number is much less. It does not appear, then, that the broadening of our objects was sufficient to bring in from the outside the gentlemen to whom we are attempting to cater now. I think, therefore, that a further move in that direction would be a mistake. I believe that this Society, created as it was for a specific purpose, ought to work along its own specific lines ; and when the time comes, as it will, when all these organizations shall come together, either by delegates or otherwise, I think we can take our honorable part among them ; but I say by all means let us be the Society of American Florists. (Applause.) Mr. J. C. Vaughan: Mr. President, I cannot help but say a word on the line of Mr. O'Mara's remarks. I believe that we have made the strongest organization in horticulture under the name ''S. A. F.," and that, instead of broadening it, we should hold it as it is. Last week I had the pleasure of attending a session of the Apple Growers' Congress in St. Louis; and at that meeting I met several members of the American Pomological Society, an organization Avell known to all of you. We had some talk about Avhat had been accomplished; and Mr. Goodman, a member of the Society, said "Our Society, the American Pomological Society, is the true Society of American Horticulture; we are the oldest, we date back to Marshall Wilder and the elder Downing; we should do the general work that is to be done in horticul- ture." I replied, "It was only a little while ago that the Secretary of the Society of American Florists declared it to be the head of horticultural develop- ment and rightfully entitled to carry forward any general work." Evidently neither of these Societies will consent to take second place to the other. Now, I believe that this Society is strong on certain lines, and yet you all recognize today that we are not half doing what we should be trying to do in floriculture. Suppose we try to take in the pomologists and then take in the dealers in nursery stock, the seedsmen and the market gardeners — how much will we accomplish for the real benefit of any one of them when we have but one session a year ? Mr. F. R. Pierson, of Tarrytown, X. Y. : Mr. President, I am proud of the original name, "The Society of American Florists." It is the outgrowth of a long career, we have attained our majority, and there are valuable associa- tions connected with it. This Society has become an important and influen- tial body. It was organized primarily to serve the interests of, the florists, and I think their interests are large enough to warrant the maintenance of an organization in their interest. The words "Ornamental Horticulturists" were added to meet an objection to the granting of our national charter; and that change, I think, was an ill-advised and unfortunate one. The old name is SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 57 good enough for me ; I have no particular desire to be known as a horticul- turist but I am perfectly willing to be classed as a plain, everyday, ordinary florist. (Applause.) What we want is condensation, not diffusion, and I think the name ''Society of American Horticulture" would tend' to confuse and would cause our Society to lose its identity. I believe that every object of the proposed change would be attained by the elimination from our present name of the single word "Ornamental," thereby making it read "The Society of American Plorists and Horticulturists." This w^ould be but a trivial alteration and, while preserving our identity, would widen the scope of our work. I therefore move, as an amendment, that Congress be requested to strike from the name of the Society the w^ord "Ornamental," so as to make it read "The Society of American Florists and Horticulturists." Messrs. O'Mara and J. G. Esler seconded Mr. Pierson's amend- ment. Mr. W. F. Kasting explained that the proposed change of name was the result of a discussion in the Executive Committee upon the best means of increasing the membership of the society by bringing the other societies into closer affiliation with it. Mr. W. A. Manda, of South Orange, N. J., expressed his opinion that what was more important than a name for the society was that it should "produce the goods." He said that, as he under- stood it, ninety-nine per cent of the growers are making their living from roses, carnations and chrysanthemums ; that they are the men who should be included in the Society of American Florists instead of their maintaining separate associations. He said he did not want to criticize the former management of the S. A. F., but he thought it was shortsightedness to let these men separate from the society, and that an effort should now be made to bring them back by giving them every facility to exhibit their goods in the proper season, and by securing their co-operation. They should be made into standing committees, such as Car- nation Committee, Rose Committee, and Chrysanthemum Commit- tee, with full power for the arrangement of furthering their inter- 58 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION est, backed up by the society, so that when the report is pubhshed, inchiding the transaction of the main society, the transactions and reports of the Rose, Carnation and Chrysanthemum Committee it would be worth more than the annual dues that the members pay to the society. This is the Society of American Florists and Horticulturists, and we want to keep the florists in the society. Mr. John K. M. L. Farquhar remarked that the S. A. F. had been spoken of as a sort of hybrid organization ; that while it was striving to have other societies affiliate and co-operate with it, its overtures had been coldly received. He said he had consulted rep- resentative florists, particularly the president and secretary of the Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Boston (which had some five hun- dred members), as to how affiliation could be brought about, and they had told him frankly that, as at present constituted, the S. A. F. had little to offer to the private gardener. After commenting upon the fact that members of the S. A. F., when traveling abroad, had found the name ''Ornamental Horticul- turists" to be a subject of ridicule, Mr. Farquhar expressed the opinion that the society should broaden out as proposed by the change of name as suggested by the committee. He said that hor- ticulture is expanding so rapidly in this country that some central organization must arise, like the trunk of a great tree, with which all branches of horticultural industry will be united. No other organization has a charter like that of the S. A. F., none has such numerous ramifications nor such a commanding position ; and there- fore, the speaker asked would it not be good policy for the S. A. F. not to change its course of action nor one word of its charter but simply to have its title changed to "The Society of American Hor- ticulture." There would then be an organization which would be representative of all horticultural interests in this country; and this organization, which had been built up by the florists, and which had brought horticulture to the high position it had reached, would ultimately become the great uniting body. (Applause.) SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 59 Mr. W. F. Glide explained that certain regular business which could not be legally deferred still remained to be transacted at the present session ; and that he and other members who desired to participate in the discussion would not have an opportunity to do so at this time. He therefore moved to postpone further consid- eration of the subject until the session of tomorrow (Thursday) morning. The motion was carried without objection, and the discussion closed. NOMINATION OF OFFICERS. The next business was the nomination of officers for the en- suing year. Mr. W. F. Kasting said that he and many members desired to honor Treasurer H. B. Beatty with the presidency but they had learned w^ith regret that that gentleman would not consent to be a candidate. He knew that Philadelphia could present a good man for the place in the person of Vice President Westcott, but he also had declined to accept it. The speaker said he therefore placed in nomination a gentleman who needed no introduction, who had often stepped aside to»oblige his friends, a gentleman who was known as a good organizer, and whose personal qualities admir- ably fitted him for the presidency — Mr. Frank H. Traendly, of New York city. Mr. P. O'Mara seconded the nomination of Mr. Traendly. He said that that gentleman's many years of tireless work in the New York Florists' Club had made his energy and fidelity appreciated by that organization. The National Society, its officers and mem- bers, also knew of Mr. Traendly's labors as a member of their Executive Committee. Mr. J. C. Vaughan asked to put in nomination a member who had served the society with much ability as its vice president and to 6o PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION ' whom he (Vaughan) felt grateful for assistance during his own term in the presidency — Mr. Joseph R. Freeman, of Washington, D. C. He said he believed this gentleman to be well qualified to serve as presiding officer. Mr. Wm. F. Gude, in seconding the nomination, spoke of Mr. Freeman as a gentleman of sterling qualities, whom he had known for a number of years ; one who believed not only in work but in work thoroughly done. Referring to the meeting of the society in Washington, he declared that its success was largely due to the arduous labors of Mr. Freeman. Mr. H. B. Beatty expressed his hearty concurrence in all that Mr. Gude had said in behalf of Mr. Freeman. He reminded the members of the thorough manner in which all the details of the Washington convention had been carried out, when "the man behind the gun" was Joseph R. Freeman ; and he felt satisfied that in that gentleman the society would have an efficient and hard-working presiding officer. Mr. John Westcott advocated the election of Mr. Freeman, whom he had known, he said, for many years as a worker and who was well known as a gardener, a florist and a horticulturist — in fact, one who represented the whole category of the business. Mr. E. A. Seidewitz, of Baltimore, paid a glowing tribute to Mr. Freeman as a man of broad views, who was frank in his ex- pressions, honest in his convictions and who inspired in others a confidence in himself which was always lasting. Mr. W^m. Fraser, of Baltimore, said that Mr. Freeman, whom he had known for thirty years, was regarded by Baltimoreans as one of themselves, he having formerly lived in that city. His social qualities, his ability as a florist and his experience in the landscape Hue were qualifications which should recommend him to the craft. On motion of Mr. Peter Bisset, the nominations closed. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 6l Nominations for vice president were invited. ]\Ir. Benj. Hammond named Mr. W. W. Cutler, ex-mayor of Niagara Falls. Mr. Wm. F. Gude explained that Mr. Cutler was not a florist and his eligibility might be questioned. Mr. Kasting, of Buffalo, suggested that this office be passed over for a few minutes to enable the Buffalo delegation to present a name. Mr. Wm. F. Gude named Mr. J. F. Sullivan, of Detroit, as one who, he said, would capably fill the bill. Mr. Sullivan acknowledged the compliment but declined to be a candidate, as he thought that the vice president should be a resident of the locality in which the convention would be held. Mr. Kasting, after a brief consultation with the Buffalo mem- bers, nominated Mr. George W. McClure, of Buffalo. He said that since he himself had been a member this gentleman had fol- lowed the convention, that he was in business for himself and now engaged in landscape work. Mr. A. E. Asmus, of West Hoboken, N. J., in seconding the nomination, said he had known Mr. McClure as a member of the society for years. Mr. J. C. Vaughan remarked that he knew Mr. McClure as a very earnest, energetic and conscientious worker for the S. A. F. He thought the gentleman would make a good vice president. Mr. Benj. Hammond, who was nominated by Mr. James Dean, declined the honor because his residence was two hundred and fifty miles distant from the convention city. On motion of Mr. Asmus, the nominations closed. 62 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Nominations for secretary were invited. Mr. W. F. Kasting named the present incumbent, ]\Ir. Philip J. Hauswirth, with whom, he said, everybody was satisfied. He beheved there should not be a change. Mr. Edwin Lonsdale seconded the nomination. On motion of Mr. Jas. Dean, the nominations closed. The office of treasurer was named. Mr. John Westcott said that before Mr. Beatty assumed this office he believed it was customary for the society to pay $200 a year to defray the treasurer's expenses, but that the present incum- bent had received nothing during the fifteen years of his service and had probably not even put in a bill for postage. He hoped that as long as Air. Beatty would be willing to fill the position no other name but his would be mentioned in connection with it. ]\Ir. W. F. Kasting, in seconding the nomination, said that, as a member of the Executive Committee, he knew there could be no improvement in this office as long as Air. Beatty was willing to hold it; that while the general fund of the society stood last year at about $2,600 and the by-laws provided for paying a salary to the treasurer, Air. Beatty had never drawn a cent from the society. On motion of Air. Westcott, the nominations closed. The next business, according to the program, was a roll call of states for nominations for state vice presidents for the ensuing year. Air. W. F. Kasting called attention to the provision of the by-laws directing that these officers shall be appointed by the presi- dent. He thought that that officer should make the appointments. President Stewart replied that he knew something about the difficulties of presiding officers, in the past, in ascertaining whom SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 63 the state delegations desired to have appointed to these positions. He thought that responses in the calhng of the roll would aid the incoming president in acquiring this information. He did not regard this as conflicting with the by-laws and, as the order of business had been placed on the program under instructions from the Executive Committee, the chair was obliged to take notice of it. ]\Ir. Kasting replied that many members had retired from the hall and it would be useless to expect that the few who remained could respond for all the states. Secretary Hauswirth remarked that less than half a dozen states apparently were represented by those present. He therefore moved to postpone this order of business until the following morning. The motion, being seconded by Mr. Alex. Wallace, was agreed to without objection. Adjourned until evening. - OUTING TO THE DREER NURSERIES AT RIVERTON, N. J. On invitation of H. A. Dreer (Inc.), the members of the society and their ladies took passage on the excursion steamer Co- lumbia, leaving Arch Street wharf soon after 1 o'clock P. M., and proceeded on a trip up the Delaware River to Riverton, N. J., where they were hospitably entertained at the great Dreer Nurseries. These nurseries were founded in 1838, are 100 acres in extent and contain nine acres of glass. An auxiliary farm of eighty acres is located near Moorestown, N. J. At Riverton the heating is done by sixteen boilers, the water and steam being distributed through twenty-three miles of pipe. A large space is devoted to ferns, of which about two million plants are handled during the season ; and palms occupy a spacious area, there being at present 500,000 64 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION plants in stock in various sizes. About 100 acres are used for the culture of dahlias, cannas and hardy perennials. The Aquatic Gardens cover an area of six acres, in which are grown the largest and most complete collection of water lilies and lotus in ex- istence. A rainstorm, which continued throughout the afternoon, re- stricted the movements of the visitors and prevented an inspection of the great variety of plants cultivated in the open ground. A sumptuous collation was served, and the visitors were well cared for. After the luncheon, President Stewart mounted a chair and addressed the company as follows: We are here as guests of Mr. Dreer, and I think it is eminently fitting that ^ve should express to him, in an informal "way, our appreciation of the pleasure Ave have enjoyed and our gratitude to him for this occasion, which I think I can safely say has never had an equal in the history of the Society of American Florists, not only in the number who are here but in the quality of the assemblage. We have here the big men, the best men, in the trade from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and the most beautiful ladies who have ever attended the convention. I am not going to try to make a speech — I would not if I could — but merely want to attract your attention for a moment while I ask Mr. Dreer to step up on this chair and let you all look at him. Mr. Wm. F. Dreer was enthusiastically cheered as he appeared upon the improvised rostrum just vacated by President Stewart. He said: Ladies and gentlemen, I am not a speaker, especially not an after-dinner speaker ; I only • wish to say that we feel deeply grateful in being able to attract so many of our horticultural friends to Riverton today. The credit for much of this — not the luncheon but the display of horticulture — is due to my assistants, Mr. Eisele, Mr. Strohlein, Mr. Sims, Mr. Clark and all those engaged up here, who have devoted their lives and their best efforts to the development of this business; and I am glad to say that they feel compen- sated for all they have undertaken here. I regret that the w^eather is so unpropitious that you are not permitted to see the great variety of plants that are cultivated here, especially in the SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 65 open orroimd, as they are all in fine condition and are labeled correctly. It would prove to you, as it has to me, a great object lesson. I know that we have here the talent of the whole country in horticulture, the appreciative men of the country; and to them this cultivation appeals especially. I hope that within an hour or two the grounds may be dry enough, for you to see what has been prepared here for the wants of the eighty-five millions of hor- ticulture lovers of the country. There may not be in fact eighty-five millions, but the number is gradually growing and may within a comparatively few years reach one hundred and fifty millions. I hope you will have the oppor- tunity of seeing the cultivation on this place, but you can at least see the results in the cut blooms displayed on these tables. I am glad to have had this opportunity to welcome you on this Dre{a)ry occasion. Everybody joined, under President Stewart's lead, in triple cheers for Wm. F. Dreer. The excursionists arrived back early in the evening. On the return trip Miss Pearl B. Fulmer entertained the party with songs, and there was instrumental music. SECOND DAY-EVENING. THE FLORA OF YELLOWSTONE PARK AND PUGET SOUND. Mr. J. Otto Thilow, secretary of the Henry A. Dreer, Inc., delivered an interesting illustrated lecture on "The Flora of Yel- lowstone Park and the Puget Sound Country." The lecturer said he recognized the impossibility of giving a full description of the flora within the time allotted to him; that the Park was covered with flowers from one end to the other and, in fact, was a series of small parks. The flowers grow in the caiions and on the moun- tain sides, the special varieties covering such places with a pro- fusion of colors. He said it would be very difificult to find a spot 66 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION in Yellowstone Park which nature had failed to deck with a blos- som of some kind. Proceeding on an imaginary tour, following the coach road, the lecturer presented glimpses of the forms produced by the geysers or mineral springs, which blended and produced colors of which the flowers thefnselves could not boast. Starting at Liv- ingston and passing down through the canon to Gardner and into the Park, he described the scenery and the varied floral beauties. Among the flowers noted were the lungwort (Mentzelia) ; the anemone (Pasque Flower) ; the evening primrose (CEnothera) ; the bitter root (State flower of Alontana) and the pentstemon. The whole district is one of great interest to botanists. Many cultivated flowers such as sweet peas, pansies and asters find congenial con- ditions for thorough development. He also stated that roses bloom out of doors from early April until late in November in Seattle, Tacoma and Portland^ and that the mild winters and moist climate are ideal conditions for the thorough development of shrubs .and bulbs. On motion of Mr. Gobel, seconded by Mr. Robt. Craig, the society voted its thanks to Mr. Thilow for his interesting lecture. ROUTINE BUSINESS. President Stewart announced, as the order of business for the evening, a discussion of the recommendations in the president's address. Mr. Peter Bisset called attention to the small number of mem- bers present and said he thought there had been no general under- standing that business would be transacted at the evening session. Upon his motion, the matter was deferred until the following morning. The president announced, as the next business, the reports of special committees. , SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 67 Mr. John K. M. L. Farquhar, on behalf of the Committee on AffiHation with Other Societies, explained that it has been arranged for Mr. Breitmeyer, of the committee, to present a report, but that gentleman was not present. On motion of Mr. Farquhar, the matter was postponed until the following morning. On motion of Mr. Edwin Lonsdale (at 10 o'clock P. M.), an adjournment was ordered. 68 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION THIRD DAY— MORNING. Thursday, Aug. 22, 1907. The convention reassembled at 10 o'clock A. M.; President Stewart in the chair. ELECTION OF OFFICERS. The President announced as the first business the election of officers, and as a preliminary thereto he appointed the following: Judge of Election, Mr. John G. Esler; Tellers, Messrs. J. D. Car- mody, A. Farenwald, Fred Lautenschlager and J. V. Phillips. Mr. W. W. Cutler announced his withdrawal as a candidate for vice president, and urged the election of Mr. McClure whom he knew, he said, to be a landscape gardener and familiar with the profession in all its branches. The President (at 10:17 o'clock) announced the opening of the polls in the anteroom, and stated they would remain open for one hour. Mr. P. O'Mara read a letter from the Secretary of the Horti- cultural Society of New York, suggesting to him to extend a formal invitation to the S. A. F. to take part in the International Congress on Plant Hardiness and Hybridization, to be held in New York City on October 1st, 2nd and 3rd. The President: The communications will be placed on record. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 69 CHANGE OF THE NAME OF THE SOCIETY. The convention resumed the discussion of the proposed change of the name of the Society, which was suspended on the previous day. The pending question was upon Mr. Pierson's amendment to drop the word "Ornamental," making the title "The Society of American Florists and Horticulturists." The original motion was to make the name ''The Society of American Horticulture." Mr. Wm. F. Gude said he had no objection to the dropping of the word "Ornamental" but he had failed to hear any plausible rea- son for a further change. Mr. Benj. Hammond explained that when Mr. Wm. R. Smith was seeking to get a National charter from Congress, a lawyer of that body objected to the name "The Society of American Florists" as being a narrow trade designation for trade purposes ; and to meet this objection the title was broadened by adding "Ornamental Hor- ticulturists," which is not so ornate a designation as may at first appear. He said that Mr. Smith had informed him that the National Horticultural Societies of France and England cover everything per- taining to plant growth, and that the national organization in this country, the S. A. F., carries the only charter of its kind granted by Congress. He said that Mr. Smith had also remarked that side issues were looming up in a Carnation Society, a Rose Society, etc., but that there ought to be a parent organization broad enough to take in all the smaller bodies ; and that gentleman suggested the use of "Association" as a broader word than "Society;" and that he, Mr. Smith, would recommend the adoption of the name of "The Association of American Florists and Horticulturists." Mr. J. K. L. M. Farquhar remarked that Mr. Smith had in- formed him, on the previous day, that he favored the name "The Society of American Horticulture" as amended by substituting the w^ord "Association" for "Society." Mr. P. O'Mara said he regarded the adjective "Ornamental" as superfluous. He thought that with that omitted the present name of the Society was broad enough for all purposes. 70 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Mr. A. Herrington, of Madison, N. J., said the first time he addressed the Society was when he protested against that silly appen- dage "Ornamental Horticulturists" but that the members were then asked, and even implored, to tolerate it, so that the national charter might be secured. He said it was stated yesterday that the broad- ening of the Society in name, if not in fact, had not met with the response that was expected, as the membership was less today than when the change was made. He continued : There is a reason for this. \Miile you are proposing now to broaden the name, it is stated here, and the statements will be published and made known to horticulturists throughout the country, that you are now not any more sincere in making this a broad horticultural society than you have been here- tofore. The gardeners know this, and that is the reason that no more of them have come into your Society, while those who are here numl^er a very small percentage of your membership. The original call for the organization of this Society was as broad as the mind of the man whose name appears at the end of that circular, but the work of this Society has not been as broad. The declaration was openly made here yesterday that this is a trade organiza- tion; we know that it is a trade organization; the majority of your trade do not want it to be anything else, and I personally do not look for it ever to become anything other than what it is. We have evidence of what it is in the fact that the important things at the annual meetings are the trade exhibi- tions and the elections of officers. Mr. E. G. Hill: The original call for the organization of this Society, issued twenty-two years ago and bearing my signature as your Secretary at that time, set forth the intent and purpose of this National Society and whom it was desired to have help form it. If any one will take the pains to read that call he will see that it was an appeal to all men interested in horticul- ture and that it was the purpose to include them. Xow, the question resolves itself to this, do we want to go on in the same old lines on which we have been jogging along, lo these many years, — are we satisfied to stay where we are? I did not have the pleasure of listening to my friend, Mr. O'Mara, yes- terday, but I understood that he took the ground that this Society under its present name is broad enough to take in all persons interested in horticulture. I would join issue with him there. I have been questioning in my own mind, since entering tlie hall this morning, whether Ave have as many members in this City of Philadelphia, at the present time, as we had when we met here twenty-two years ago. I do not believe we have. Now, if we want to have simply a trade organization, what is the use of talking about changing this name; but if we want to make ourselves a SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 7I power in this land, if we want to have in this country a horticultural society that will dignify the profession, and measure up somewhat to the require- ments of the times, then leave out the word "Florists" and let the title read "Society of American Horticulture." I believe the word "Horticulture" is big enough to cover all of our members and all the affiliated societies. The Royal Horticultural Society of England and the National Horticultural Society of France embrace all men who are interested in horticulture; they are broad in their effort; they gather together all the horticultural products of the country in their exhibitions ; and I have long wished that we might have something of that kind in this country of ours. But our people seem to be satisfied to go along in this old slip-shod way. I call it slip-shod. I tell you we have not done anything like what we should have done. I grant that we have accomplished a great deal but we are apt to look at things in ruts — especially us fellows who are getting along in years — and do not take that broader view that we should take. I must confess that I have been disappointed in another particular. Some of the members who were on the Executive Board when I had the pleasure and honor of being your Presiding Officer will recollect how earnestly and per- sistently some of us advocated making an appeal to the florists of the covm- try for support and setting aside a certain sum of money as a reserve fund to enable us to accomplish great things in this country; but other influences made themselves felt and the members said, "No, we have got along on our membership fee, and we will do the best we can on that." Why, I think it is a shame that we do not have fifty thousand dollars in our treasury at this time. But we will never get it there as long as we follow along the lines on which we are working at present. These are my convictions. If we adopt the name "The Society of Ameri- can Horticulture," I think it will dignify us and dignify our profession. (Ap- plause. ) Mr. F. R. Pierson, of Tarrytown, N. Y., said he admired the title suggested by Mr. Farquhar, as it was simple and euphonious but he thought the members felt a pride in the name under which the Society was christened and that it would be a mistake at this late day, after the Society had become known throughout the world, to make a radical change of its title. He believed that "The Society of American Florists and Horticulturists" was a name that identified the Society with the purpose for which it was created and was broad enough to include every one interested in or affiliated with it. He continued : If other interests do not come in here I do not know that it is our fault. *J2 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Those who wish to identify themselves with us will be at liberty to do so; and if they are the private gardeners, I know that everyone here will- welcome them with both hands, and they might become a power in the organization ; but I don't think it advisable to make a radical change in order to bring them in. While my friend (Mr. Hill) is rather pessimistic in regard to what we have accomplished, I think that, although there may have been some omis- sions, the Society has done a great deal for the trade and has given us many pleasant recollections. If it had done nothing else than to widen and cement the friendships that have been created here, it would have accomplished a great deal. (Applause.) Mr. I. Bertermann, of rndianapolis, spoke of the difficulty of the S. A. F. meeting the requirements of the ornamental horticul- turists and the retail florists, as both claimed that the Society was working on different lines from their own, and therefore they felt no interest in the Society. He said many of the retailers in the large cities were not members and, unless some special consideration appealed to them, they would not become members. He thought that the further the Society got away from the initials ''S. A. F." the further it would be removed from the strong retailers through- out the land. Mr. A. Graham, of Cleveland, Ohio, said that the words ''Orna- mental Horticulturists" were adopted during his term as President of the Society, and that he realized then that they were cumbersome, but he assented to the change because the charter could not be obtained without it. He claimed to be an old-fashioned gardener and that he had never been ashamed to march under the banner of a horticulturist. He believed that the word "horticulture" was broad enough to cover all branches of the profession and that even those members who had become attached to the present title would admit that it was objectionable because of its length. He endorsed all that Mr. Hill had said and believed that "The Society of Amer- ican Horticulture" sounded better than any other title and was broad enough to take in private gardeners, landscape gardeners and every other interest identified with hortictilture. Mr. D. Finlayson, of Jamaica Plain, Mass., said that what he wanted to say had been better said by Mr. Hill. He commented SOCIETY OF AMERICAN. FLORISTS 73 Upon the fact that the badge of the Society did not contain the letters "O. H." and he construed this as showing that the Society had not been sincere in profession to recognize the ornamental horticulturists. Mr. W. Wheeler, of Concord, Mass., argued that if, instead of being restricted to the florists, the Society would take in the gar- deners, the seedsmen, the boilermakers and everybody connected with horticultural work, it should have a title which would repre- sent its enlarged membership. Mr. P. O'Mara said the nurserymen, the cemetery superintend- ents and the other organizations would not come under the wing of the S. A. F. because of a change in its name. He said he did not think they could be hoodwinked by such means and that the convention might as well recognize that it did not pay to be what is know^n as "a four-flusher." He believed the Society should stick to its ow^n legitimate lines and that the name ''American Florists and Horticulturists" would be broad enough for any horticulturist who wanted to come in. ]\Ir. J. C. Vaughan commended Mr. O'Mara's idea. He repeated the statement made by himself on the previous day to the efifect that he did not expect that the American Pomological Society, wdiich was over fifty years old, or the Seedsmen, the Nurserymen or the Apple Growers would become a part of the .S. A. F., if the name was radically changed. He spoke of the National Society of Horticulture of France as a fixed and permanent institution, and pointed out the impossibility of the S. A. F. becoming a National Society in the same sense. He believed that in any event it was too late for it to become something different from that which it had been for tw^enty-tw^o years. He continued : The point has been made here that the S. A. F. has not grown as it should have grown. I tell you that the explanation of that is to be found in the Society itself. The minor organizations have grown far more rapidly than the S. A. F. in the last fifteen years. Only within two years one was organized in Illinois and has accomplished much valuable work. Now, if the activity in our industry is such that new state and other organizations are created, that fact emphasizes the need of a reform in this Society itself if you would have it to keep pace with that growth, and have it progress in 74 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION proportion with the development of our business. You need to look at home and to build upon what you already have. If we can build a state organiza- tion in Illinois so readily, how much bigger can we make this Society than we have made it ? I, for one, would have it stick to its own lines and not waste effort in trying to broaden and spread out, because in doing that we would not gain but would lose vital force. Mr. James Dean asked that, if any change was made, the "S. A. F." should be retained as the dominant feature of the name, for it ahvays had been such. He said the Society had reached the age of manhood as a trade organization, and our country was too large for it to become a national organization in the sense of a National Horticultural Society. He thought it might be well to omit the ''O" from its initials but otherwise he could see no necessity for a change. He urged with much earnestness that it would be a serious mistake to abandon the old name. Mr. Herman Thiemann, of Belchertown, Mass., described a caricature of an "ornamental horticulturist" which had appeared in one of the trade papers and which with good reason, he said, ridi- culed the name. Mr. E. V. Hallock suggested that final action at this time would be premature in view of the diversity of opinions and that it should be deferred for a year. He expressed his preference for the name ''Society of American Horticulture," as it made provision for the gardeners and retailers spoken of by Mr. Herrington. Mr. A. Graham, replying to Mr. O'Mara, argued that that gen- tleman's remarks about hoodwinking and four-flushing had no appli- cation, as the Society had manifested its sincerity in seeking the co-operation of all persons engaged in horticulture and had many such persons, besides florists, among its members. Mr. Alex. Wallace, of New York City, inquired of the Chair whether the proposed change would not necessitate an amendment of the by-laws and therefore a thirty days' previous notice of the amendment. President Stewart replied that the name was not fixed by the by-laws and that the change could only be made by Congress, upon SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 75 a petition from the Society to that body. Therefore no amendment to the by-laws was necessary but simply a majority vote of the So- ciety requesting Congress to take the action. Mr. E. G. Hill favored Mr. Hallock's suggestion to defer action for a year so that the subject could be given more mature consider- ation from different standpoints. He continued : I like the idea of changing' the name but we want a change of heart at the same time. If that does not follow, the change of name will not amount to anything. I would like to see the title broadened so as to bring in these men of wealth over the country, who will help us from a horticultural stand- point. Another thing: some of us fellows are getting old, and the reflex influence is the all important thing we want. With all due respect to what Mr. Pierson has said about what our society has done, permit me to say that I do not minimize its achievements. Let nobody -get up and say it has not done great things ; for it has ; but I think its results have fallen short of its opportunities and that we have not measured up to the standard before us. There is no reason why with fourteen thousand florists in this country we should have only al)out eight hundred members of this society. There is something radically wrong in that. Mr. Chas. H. Vick, of Rochester, N. Y., said he believed that all the members had decided in their own minds as to how they would vote on the question, and he therefore moved that the dis- cussion be now closed and that a vote be taken. President Stewart stated the question upon Mr. Vick's motion and, after taking a vote, announced that the motion had been agreed to and that a vote would now be taken on Mr. Pierson's amendment, viz. : to strike out the word "Ornamental." Mr. E. G. Hill: Mr. President, I move that this whole matter be de- ferred for one year. The same motion was here made by Mr. W. H. Elliott, of Brighton, Mass. President Stewart: The previous question having been voted, the chair does not see that he can entertain a motion to postpone. The question is now upon Mr. Pierson's amendment. (A vote was here taken.) 76 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION President Stewart : The amendment is carried. The original motion was to amend the title by making it read * * The Society of American Horticulture. ' ' That motion has been amended by striking out the words ''American Horti- culture ' ' and substituting the w^ords * ' American Florists and Horticulturists. ' ' A vote will now be taken on the motion as amended. (Note. A misstatement of the question by the chair here caused tem- porary confusion, and several points of order followed, but the correction was subsequently made and the question stated as above given. Meanwhile the following remarks were made : ) Mr. Elliott : Mr. President, I made a motion that this matter be de- ferred for one year, and I think that a motion to defer is always in order. A Member: I think the question on the amendment w^as voted upon before the motion to postpone was made. Therefore the motion is not in order. President Stewart : The chair rules that the motion to defer is not in order. Is the convention ready for the question ? (Note. The correction above noted w'as here made by Mr. O'Mara and assented to by the chair.) President Stewart: The question, as stated by Mr. O'Mara, is upon agreeing to the motion as amended, which is as follows: "That we petition Congress to amend the title of the society by striking therefrom the word "Ornamental," so that it shall read "The Society of American Florists and Horticulturists." The Convention proceeded to vote by rising, and a count was made by the Secretary, who reported the following result: In the affirmative, 87 ; in the negative, 10. The President announced that the motion as amended had been carried. Mr. W. W. Castle, of Boston, moved to reconsider the vote just taken. The motion was rejected. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS "Jj •MESSAGES OF CONDOLENCE TO EX-PRESIDENTS SCOTT AND NORTON. Mr. P. O'Mara announced that illness had prevented the attend- ance of Ex-President Wm. Scott, of Buffalo, whose wise counsel and sparkling wit, he said, had in years past guided and cheered the conventions of the society. By way of expressing the sympathy of the convention, Mr. O'Mara moved to instruct the Secretary to send a telegram of condolence to Mr. Scott as coming from the society. Mr. Jas. Dean asked that a similar message be sent to Ex-Presi- dent Michael H. Norton, of Boston, whom all the members admired and who was detained at home by an accident. ? President Stewart read, for general information, a letter from Mr. Norton (addressed to Vice President Westcott), stating that he had suffered an injury to his foot but that it was not serious and he expected to be out in a few days. He also stated his confidence in the success of the convention and hoped that its deliberations would prove of great value to horticulture. Mr. O'^Mara's motion, as amended to include Mr. Dean's sug- gestion, was adopted. HARDY BULBOUS AND TUBEROUS ROOTED PERENNIALS. Mr. E. V. Hallock, being called upon, presented and read a paper on this subject, which was applauded. It was as follows: The most interesting, the least kno^^^l. and the most misunderstood of flowering plants are bulbs. In the form of a bulb the latent flower is cared for more easily and longer than in any other form. Bulbs have been used as sustenance for armies, and the Caladiums are now used to some extent by Spanish-speaking people, and through the South, as an article of diet. This paper will not touch on what are known as Holland bulbs, but will embrace summer-flowering and winter-flowering bulbs that are used by the amateur and the professional. The profession of raising bulbs for market 78 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION and for the amateur is vastly different from the profession of raising flowers for market. The person who raises the bulbs seldom sees the flower in so great perfection as the man who flowers the bulb. There are many skillful raisers of bulbs among the amateur cultivators, and in fact I think many amateurs have come to a better understanding of the wants of many kinds of bulbs and raise them in greater perfection, than any professional. These amateurs, however, do not cover a very wide range of bulbs. Unless a person has seen the late Peter Hanson holding a bulb in his hand, wrapt in blissful contemplation, slowly telling the wants of the bulb in cultivation, describing its habit and its flower minutely, he has no idea of what a hold on the affection a bulb could exert. Mr. Hanson's time and devotion were expended on the lily. He overestimated its necessities. As I have always found, if you can get a bulb growing you can dispense with many of the directions for growing, but Mr. Hanson, no doubt, took as much pleasure in catering to the growth of bulbs as he did in seeing their flowers. Mr. Huftelen is the most skillful and successful raiser of Lilium Tenui- folium from the seed I have ever seen. I think his product exceeded for many years over .30,000 bulbs, of which Ave bought yearly, during that time, at least 20,000 bulbs at $15 a hundred — rather good pin money for an ama- teur on so little known a variety. I think it is now about time I got down to the subject of bulbs and bulbous plants. I well know that a paper of this kind to a man who does not raise bulbous plants, in a commercial way, or as an amateur, is positively without interest. Of course, any one knows that a person could talk all day one one class of bulbs, but I propose to skim the subject very lightly. The most useful, valuable, and generally raised classes of bulbs, to my mind, are as follows, their relative proportion of value is indicated by the order in which they are named: Gladiolus, Lilies, Freesias, Peonies (at present a highly worked fad). Tuberoses, for garden and export, and Iris, the Japanese and German, the forcing Irises, and many beautiful species. Professionally speaking, the introduction of so important a plant as the Freesia — useful and beautiful as it is, so easily kept and readily flowered by both the amateur and the professional — was a fiasco, in the sense that no particular person or firm was responsible for its introduction, and no considerable amount was made by any one with this plant that is so gen- erally used. The Amaryllis, to me, has always been an important family. The habits of most varieties can be so changed that they will flower outside in summer SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 79 or inside in winter. I much regret that this phmt is not more largely grown in this country. The Tuberous-rooted Begonias have taken their place as summer-flow- ering bulbs, as well as winter-flowering. Calladium Esculentum is rather largely used as a summer foliage plant. Cannas are the most important rhizomatous class of plants. Every one knows a good deal al^out this class of plants. A Canna society has even been suggested. The Cinnamon Vine (Dioscori Batatas) has some value, particularly to the person who sells the bulbs. It is a clean, hardy vine, and one peculiarity is that the root grows deeper and deeper in the ground, the older it gets. Gloxinias are being raised largely and sold very cheap. Hyacinthus Candieans first attracted attention in this country at the Philadelphia Centennial. Incarvillea is a coming plant, particularly as a garden flower, and undoubtedly can be forced. It has a large, fleshy, good-keeping root; foliage rampant, growth somewhat resembling a fern; immense sjDikes of Gloxinia- like flowers. If you plant five hundred strong roots, the flowers will absolutely come in bloom the same day. It is claimed by some that the roots are hardy. ^Madeira Vine bulbs keep almost indefinitely and are, therefore, a good bulb for store trade. Montbretias. Whj this plant is so neglected I cannot tell. It has many good qualities, is easier to raise, easier to keep, and will continue in flower much longer, than the Gladiolus. The sprays are exceedingly graceful and beautiful. The newer varieties are very striking. Tlie bulbs are nearly hardy. Oxalis. The summer-flowering varieties of this bulb are largely planted and have some merit, while the winter-blooming sorts, as Lutea, Bowei and the so-called Bermuda Buttercup are among the best of the winter-flowering plants. Peonies. Can I tell the members of the Peony Society anything about this plant? I think not; but, by the way, it just occurs to me to say that I have bought the past three or four years, from the most reliable firms who raise Peonies some twelve or fifteen of the best varieties, several plants of each kind, for my private garden. When they bloomed this year, should you take out four of the best colors there would be nothing worth speaking of left. Marie Lemoine is what I call a good Peony. 8o PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Dahlias, as we very well know, are an important class of plants. These alone could be made the subject of a long talk. At one time there was a Dahlia Society, perhaps there is now. I will only touch on a few points. Many seedlings will bloom the first year. Many beautiful varieties of Dahlias produce few flowers. With all the many varieties, a sort that will commence to bloom early and continue through the season, with a pro- fusion of bloom, and do it every year, will always have some value. It is a well-known fact that the single sorts are the most reliable bloomers and produce the most flowers. Notwithstanding the fact that bulb, bulbous and fleshy-rooted plants form the most important division of flowers, they have never had such close attention from our professional class as cut flowers, simply because there is not the money in them. They are slower to produce and the outlet is through smaller channels than if they belonged to the more profitable branches of the profession. There are two points I wish to bring to the attention of the profession and the vendors of the products. We all catalogue the different kinds of bulbs as though they were ready for delivery at the same time, and in most cases we try to deliver them. Is it not about time we should state after the description of certain bulbs that they can only be delivered at such and such times? And should not the buyers be taught to wait until the bulbs are in condition to deliver, instead of insisting that they all be delivered at once? Is it not about time that reliable firms should state that such and such varieties will never bloom, or, if in a very rare case they do bloom, that they are not good for anything? Millions of Anomatheca Cruenta have been sold. Should five out of a hundred of these bloom, as poor as the flower is, it would be a large percentage. Seedling Gladiolus have been sent to this country for this plant. How many people here have seen Lilium Humboldtii and Washingtonianum and Parvum bloom? I have never seen twelve spikes of these varieties of lilies outside of California, and I have sold tens of thou- sands of the bulbs, and exported a number each year. This will serve for an evening-up process. Lilium Pardalinum from California, is a good-keeping, free, and sure- flowering lily. Ninety-five per cent of the bulbs should bloom. Lilium Parryii is a very handsome jellow variety from California and is not difficult to bloom. The California bulbs, like Calochortus, Brodiaeas, Erythronium, Cammassias, are all beautiful things and really can be flowered if their requirements of cultivation are met. On the line of Lilium Humboldtii, I will ask what is the use of selling Lilium candidums in the spring, and yet many do it. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 8l I suppose it would be well to mention what I consider the most valu- able varieties, or species, of lilies. The Auratums and varieties are a mag- nificent class and very popular with most amateurs. You may as well say that the bulbs of the Auratum cannot be grown in this country but are im- ported each year. The varieties of Speciosum I consider one of the most reliable sorts for the amateur to plant. Double Tiger and Single Tiger and our native lilies, Canadense and Superbum, are being used in greater quantities each year, on large estates and in gardens of all kinds. They are low in price, reliable bloomers, and very graceful, particularly Canadense.' The Elegans — or Umbellatum, or Thunbergianums — are very reliable bloomers, bulbs easy growers and good keepers, and many varieties are very handsome. Of course, we could easily talk all day on the Lilium family, but we shall have to stop somewhere. Lilium eandidum and what is known as the Bermuda Easter Lily are the most important ones for florists' use. Lilium eandidum should be planted outside, the latter part of Sep- tember. To me, it is a more beautiful lily than the Bermuda Easter Lily. There are several varieties of Candidum, but the broad scale, large bulb variety raised in the north of France is the only one worth forcing. There has been more said, and more can be said, on the Bermuda Easter Lily than ten such papers as this would contain. I think the subject has been pretty well thrashed out up to the present time. Many varieties of Lilies have been dropped from the lists of late years, which is probably a good thing. Many sorts could be furnished in good con- dition if the purchaser was willing to pay for the necessary trouble, and take and plant the bulbs at the proper time. Lilium Philadelphieum has almost disappeared from our lists. It can be gro^^^l and flowered, but the bulb is so small and the scales so open, that not one in a thousand will bloom. Lilium Catesbaei and Grayii, also native lilies, are seldom seen except in botanical collections. There are some fallacies in cultivation. Many directions for growing different varieties of plants were put in type a number of years ago, when things were thought to require very careful and necessary cultivation. There is a lot of this type that seems to be set up at the present time. I will take as an illustration Iris Kaempferi. In 1878, we bought Pro- fessor Pringle's entire stock of this plant. There were many very fine varie- ties, and many of the kinds are sold today. 82 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION We noticed that the clumps when being subdivided for planting had a large center that was entirely dead or dried up, in many you could put your hand right through the center. This came from leaving the clumj)s too long before subdividing. We were told that this plant required damp, low ground, and if it could be covered by water occasionally it would be better. We planted them on common Long Island plains' soil, two feet of soil above clear sand, fifty feet above water. William Falconer, in describing our plantation of Iris, said he walked ''waist deep" through the plants. ^^^len transplanting a field of these we used a cart and wheelbarrows and subdivided them with an axe. One year we left several hundred plants along a driveway on top of the ground, when transplanting in the spring. In the fall these plants were alive. Personally, I don't think it is necessary that Iris Kaempferi should be flooded with water to produce a good growth. As this subject is so large, and it is necessary and proper that this paper should be short, it is pretty difficult to give anything of real value. But the subject may excite an interest in more people than have ever given it a thought before, and I assure you that it will furnish you a new interest so far as you desire to go. Bulbs represent one of the most wonderful pro- visions of Nature in the vegetable kingdom. Those grown in arid or desert countries conserve their vitality intact longer than bulbs groA\Ti anywhere else. The Mexican bulbs, grown mostly in arid wastes, will remain in perfect condition when kept out of the ground a year. I believe that bulbs of Amaryllis Formosissima will remain two years out of the ground in good condition. It seems to be a provision of nature to preserve the life of a plant by building around the germ a bulb, and this is one of the most convenient and compact of protective forms. The most striking fact about all bulbs is the endless variety and the great beauty, often extending to magnificence, of their product. It is this which gives fascination to the subject and makes the raising of bulbs a labor of love. The President invited discussion. Mr. Peter Bisset, of Washington, D. C, thanked the essayist for his paper and said he thought it was a very valuable one and contained much food for thought. Referring to Iris Kaempferi, he said he had lost part of two collections because of field mice eating SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 83 the roots in winter, which were planted in ordinary soil ; and since then he had always placed the roots in wet soil where, owing to the dampness, they were not destroyed by the mice. Mr. Hallock explained that, in his experience, the field mouse had always been very destructive and also the mole. He added: We used to have about twelve traps and tried to put in force every- thing we read about destroying moles and mice, but in the end they would get the best of us. Mr. A. Wintzer, of West Grove, Pa., said he had been much interested with the paper in its treatment of bulbs, but that the time was too limited for him to make more than a simple inquiry. He asked Mr. Hallock whether there was any difference between Lilium Philadelphicum and Lilium superbum. Mr. Hallock: They are entirely different. Lilium Philadelphicum is a delicate plant, the bulb rarely exceeds in size the point of your finger, the scales are very open, and it throws up a short stem, about eight inches high ; while Lilium superbum will grow four to five feet high, and the flower is reflexed. Mr. Wintzer said he had found Lilium superbum in Chester county and also growing in swamps in New Jersey, where the plants reached a height of five and six feet, some of them bearing from fifteen to twenty-five flowers. It seemed to him at that time that the bulbs were very much larger than any that could be procured in these days. Mr. Hallock: They are getting more scarce every year. I know of one man who has collected, I think, as many as ten or fifteen thousand bulbs. He could raise them but it was easier for him to buy them. A member said that lilies were very beautiful but there was much difference between them. He asked if Mr. Hallock could recommend some publication which pointed out the most desirable varieties, as he thought it would be valuable to have some guide to go by in growing them. 84 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION ]\Ir. Hallock replied that he did not know of any pubHcation that would give really valuable information. From the descriptions in most of the publications it might be thought that one species was as easy to raise as another, but in some cases lilies are pretty difficult to raise. He said he had at one time got out a little catalogue but it was now out of print. Mr. A. T. Boddiiigton : I gather, from Mr. Hal lock's statement, that the bulbs of Lilium caiididum held over until spring would be worthless. I have held a few cases of Lilium candidum in cold storage to fill spring- orders. The bulbs did not have any fall growth but were perfectly dormant when taken out of the storage house. If I have been selling to my customers something that was worthless, I would like to be informed of it. I\Ir. Hallock replied that his statement referred to had refer- ence to an exceptional case ; that his remarks were intended to apply to the ordinary manner of keeping bulbs over the winter and did not refer to cold storage bulbs. He said that at one time he used to keep Lilium auratum in cold storage over the fall, but the cus- tomers to whom he sold some of the bulbs had written to say that a stump was coming through the bulb while growing, although the bulb looked good. On motion of Mr. F. R. Pierson, the hearty thanks of the So- ciety were voted to ]\Ir. Hallock for his very excellent paper. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE TRADE EXHIBITION. Mr. David Rust, of Philadelphia, superintendent of the trade exhibition, presented and read a report on the display of exhibits, which was greeted with applause. It was as follows : I herewith submit the following report of the trades display, in con- nection with the twenty-third annual convention of the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists in Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia, August 20th to 24th, 1907: SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 85 Class A. Joseph Heacock, Wyncote, Pa., collection of palms. Clias. D. Ball, Holmesburg, Pa., collection of palms, and decorative plants, ferns, auraucarias. Julius Roehrs Co., Eutlierfoid, N. J., collection of palms, decorative plants, and orchids, Lemuel Ball, Wissinoming, Philadelphia, Pa,, collection of palms. F, R, Pierson Co., Tarrytown, N. Y., collection of ferns. Godfrey Aschmann, Philadelphia, Pa., collection of palms, auraucarias and ferns, W, A, Manda, South Orange, X. J., collection of ornamental foliage plants. Bobbink & Atkins, Rutherford, X. J., specimen evergreens, bay-trees and ivies. Carrillo & Baldwin, Secaucus, X. J., exhibit of orchids. Lager & Hurrell, Summit, X. J., exhibit of orchids, orchid-baskets, peat, etc. Rob't. Craig Co., Philadelphia, Pa., collection of palms and ornamental foliage plants. Henry A. Dreer, Inc., Riverton, X. J., display of palms, auraucarias, ferns and decorativie plants, Wm. P, Craig, Philadelphia, Pa., display of new fern, Xephrolepis Amerpohlii. Wm. H. ]\Ioon & Co,,^ Morrisville, Pa., evergreens, Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester, X, Y., exhibit of outdoor grown rose plants. Wm. C. Smith, Philadelphia, Pa., exhibits of Boston ferns. Wm. K. Harris, Philadelphia, Pa., exhibits of palms and ornamental foliage plants. Dayton Floral Co,, Dayton, 0., new^ coleus, Edw, Amerpohl, Janesville, Wis,, Xephrolepis Amerpohlii, Class B, Arthur Cowee, Berlin, X, Y., display of gladioli, John Lewis Childs, Floral Park, X, Y,, display of cut gladioli. 86 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION James Vicks' Sons, Rochester, X. Y., display of cut asters. Conard & Jones, West Grove, Pa., display of canna blooms. W. W. Ilawson Co., Boston, Mass., display of cut gladioli and dahlia blooms. Class C. W. W. Castle, Boston, Mass., electric circulator and boiler. Tlije Herendeen Mfg. Co., Geneva, N. Y., boilers. Lord & Burnham Co., Xew York, X. Y., boilers and ventilator. Kroeschell Bros. Co., Chicago, 111., boilers. Chas. J. Rainear Co., Philadelphia, Pa., exhibit of pipe and valves. Class D. The Advance Co., Richmond, Ind., ventilator. The Whilldin Pottery Co., Philadelphia, Pa., flower pots and pans. Anders Rasmussen, Xew Albany, Ind., greenhouse and ventilator. King Construction Co., Xorth Tonawanda, X. Y., greenhouse and a sec- tion showing new trussed construction. Quaker City Machine Co., Richmond, Ind., ventilator. The Foley Mfg. Co., Chicago, 111., greenhouse material. John C. Moninger Co., Chicago, 111., greenhouse model. The Roseville Pottery Co., Zanesville, 0., jardinieres and pedestals. Keller Pottery Co., Xorristown, Pa., flower pots. Keystone Sheet Metal Co., Ambridge, Pa., hot-bed sash. Frank L. Moore, Chatham, X. J., exhibit of rubber hose. A. H. Hews & Co., Cambridge, Mass., exhibit of floAver pots and pans. Wilson & Hoyt, Summit, X. J., concrete steel bench. Thomas Brewer, Philadelphia, Pa., liquid gas fumigator. Quaker City Rubber Co., Philadelphia, Pa., exhibit of rubber hose. Class E. Dayton Paper Xovelty Co., Dayton, O., paper novelties. Hummell & Dow^ning, Milwaukee, Wis., exhibit of paper boxes. Bombayreed Mfg. Co., Columbia, S. C, wicker jardinieres and baskets. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 87 S. S. Pennock-Meehan Co., Philadelphia, Pa., ribbons and supplies. J. Stern & Co., Philadelphia, Pa., florist supplies. Schloss Bros., Philadelphia, Pa., ribbons. H. Bayersdorfer & Co., Philadelphia, Pa., florist supplies. M. Rice & Co., Philadelphia, Pa., Novelty flower holder. Reed & Keller, New York, N. Y., florist supplies. John G. Neidinger, Philadelpliia, Pa., florist supplies. Philadelphia Flag Co., Philadelphia, Pa., flags and letters. Edwards Folding Box Co., Philadelphia, Pa., boxes. Wm. J. Boas Co., Philadelphia, Pa., exhibit of boxes. Milton Adler, New York, N. Y., pins for florist use, Wertheimer Bros., New Y^ork, N. Y^., ribbons. C. S. Ford, Philadelphia, Pa., florist supplies. Class F. Arthur T. Boddington, New York, N. Y., bulbs. Henry A. Dreer, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa., bulbs and sundries. Henry F. Michell Co., Philadelphia, Pa., bulbs, fertilizers and supplies. F. E. Pierson & Co., Tarrytow^n, N. Y., exhibit of bulbs. Class G. — Miscellaneous. Benj. Hammond, Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y^, paints and insecticides. Oscar Smith & Sons Co., Philadelphia, Pa., moss and raffia. Fertilizer Products Co., Jersey City, N. J., plant foods. A. T. De La Mare Ptg. & Pub. Co., New York, N. Y., horticultural books. American Florist Co., Chicago, 111., books and directories. Horticulture Pub. Co., Boston, Mass., trade papers. Dan'l B. Long, Buffalo, N. Y., florists' photographs and catalogue sam- ples. Rob't. Kift, Philadelphia, Pa., flower holders. H. J. Smith, Hinsdale, jNIass., ferns and evergreen. Display Signs. Leo Niessen Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Arthur T. Boddington, New Y'ork, N. Y. American Florist Co., Chicago, 111. 88 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Kroeschell Bros. Co., Chicago, 111. Florists' Exchange, New York, N. Y. J. Breitmeyer's Sons, Detroit, Mich. The Florists' Review, Chicago, 111. Holt & Schober, Philadelphia, Pa.. Eespectfully submitted, David Rust, Superintendent. On motion of Mr. P. O'Mara, the report was entered on the record. HORTICULTURAL EDUCATION IN THE COMMON SCHOOLS. The next order of business was a report by Mr. E. V. Hallock on "School Gardens." The paper, which was presented and read by its author, was warmly applauded. It was as follows : By referring to last year's report of this committee it may be seen that the School Garden movement is already an active factor. Most won- derful results have been accomplished by individual effort. Whole communi- ties have been benefited under the direction of individuals and also of asso- ciations. Good examples of these two methods are what Mr. John H. Patterson has done in Dayton, 0., and the Home Gardening Association in Cleveland, etc. The School Garden has passed its experimental stage. Its success and good results are assured. But, as stated in the committee's report of last year, there is "lack of concerted action" in the present methods of work, "no two schools or organizations conducting their garden work on the same lines." It is proved beyond doubt, by the success of these different movements, that the teaching of horticulture in the schools is of more importance than any one realized; and the successful outcome that has been attained, all by different methods, shows that elementary teaching of horticulture according to one method could be spread indefinitely throughout the country. Varia- tions and broadening could be indulged in, but all should follow the lines laid down. It seems as though there had been enough proof offered and its vital importance acknowledged by every one. There is a tendency, we find, to confine the school gardens to our cities and large towns, where they have been established by civic associations and SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 89 philanthropic workers, or to make them a part of some normal school sys- tem. The desire of this committee is to reach the rural common schools, and to give the children of every rural district in the land some simple lessons in practical gardening adapted to their surroundings and their needs. The time has now arrived for doing, and many plans have suggested themselves to j^our committee. To get a hearing before educational societies, or the local and state boards of education, is a difficult matter. A com- mittee going before a state organization would be picked to pieces, criticisms made, difficulties piled up, a plea that the course is full, and a hundred other objections. We therefore believe and recommend that this subject of teaching horticulture in all the rural schools (and other schools wherever possible) be made an act of legislation, mandatory on the State Board of Education to embody it in the public school course; and that the Society of American Florists formulate a working plan to this effect, and prepare the matter for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years, due consideration and consultation to be had with the State Board of Education, and limitation of time to be devoted to this subject fixed on, — of not less than one hour per week in school, and not less than two hours out of school, except during the three winter months. The committee presents a tentative plan, and it is the sense of this committee that the only practical way is to start with one state at a time, and we propose to have this bill passed by the Legislature of the state of New York. If there is any other state that the society thinks would be preferable, the committee has no objection. As the Massachusetts Horticultural Society makes the broad statement (quoted in our report of last year) that its aim is to give every school in Massachusetts a garden and every child a home garden, it might be more feasible to have this bill adopted by the Legislature of that state. PROPOSED BILL. (Introduction.) The movement to establish school gardens has already been put in force successfully and according to original ideas. In every case the school garden has proved more beneficial even than was expected, opening a new and at- tractive and useful field of study to the pupils, giving them healthful exer- cise, and providing them with manual training in connection with mental work, which is said to increase the efficiency of mental effort as much as thirty per cent. Its advantages are almost too apparent to repeat — uplifting in morals, and changing as if by magic the exuberance of youth from mischievousness into interesting and useful channels. It has proved to have almost eradicated go PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION the spirit of lawlessness and destructiveness, or changed it into a sense of possession and a desire to respect the rights of others as the possessor would have his ow^n rights respected. The material benefit derived from gardening can be made to change, the entire mode of living of a family, making possible the saving of large sums of money otherwise expended for fresh meat and canned goods, and being at once a stop-gap of outgo, and providing a healthful diet which is little ap- preciated when never tried. Millions of dollars in each state could be saved to the laboring man — and the man of means also — by a surprisingly small effort, if properly directed. In this era of trusts and the raising of prices, the garden is the poor man's answer. Thousands of acres of land that lie fallow in every state of the Union, producing nothing, worth nothing, could be changed in one short year to produce millions of dollars, all going toward the betterment of the poor, or comparatively poor, man. We have the land, and the sunshine, too, and the intelligence of man — all these are free and can be turned into incal- culable value with slight direction of the controlling power of the state. If the youth of the country can be made to see the broad benefits derived from horticulture, and the interest, desire and love for this work be implanted in their hearts, usefulness will take the place of vandalism, and interesting exercise the place of pernicious activity. As every native-born child and all foreign-born children up to a certain age pass through the portals of our school houses, it stands to reason that here is the place to teach them what will be of so much use and importance in their life-long welfare. We believe that the teachings of horticulture, and the rousing of interest in the pupils' minds as to its possibilities, has a strong bearing upon the welfare and contentment of the people, and will tend to allay the present spirit of unrest which seems to pervade all ranks. Therefore, we submit the following as a bill to be introduced into the Legislature of the state of . . , : Resolved: That the teachings of horticulture by simple practical meth- ods in the public schools of the state of become a law of the state, under control of the Society of American Florists, who will bring to their aid the most experienced people in this line, the latter to be in close connection with the heads of agricultural schools and colleges and experiment stations throughout the country. (As this society covers every state in the Union, it is evident that the members are capable of coping with the conditions in the several states.) SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 9I « President Stewart stated that Mr. W. B. DuRie, a member of the same committee, had also prepared a paper on the subject. Mr. HaHock remarked that he had learned that Mr. DuRie had been connected with Boards of Education for thirty-five years and was also a commercial florist, which he regarded as a rare com- bination. Mr. W. B. DuRie, of Rahway, N. J., being invited by the Chair, came forward and read his paper, which was as follows : The teaching of horticulture in the public schools is no simple matter. There are difficulties to be overcome. To undertake to introduce this study into the common school curriculum without careful planning, is to invite failure at the outset. Enthusiasm, without proper means and adaptation of means to the kind of school, and the location of schools, will not accomplish results which would warrant taking up such a work as is contemplated in these discussions. The one-room country school especially, while it may seem to possess some advantages, is a rather unfavorable place to introduce any such study. Briefly, I may say that while I am impressed with the many difficulties which present themselves in the carrying out of this project, I feel that we should carefully consider what can be done in this direction. The importance of a more general knowledge among our people of horticulture and the effects on the minds, the habits, and the character of the rising generation, are sufficient to prompt us to look into possible means to be employed to bring satisfactory results. This subject must be looked into in a hroad sense. No narrow view, no view which considers only the financial benefits which may come to us as members of an association who are dependent on a market for our wares, should weigh heavily on so important a subject as the education of our sons and daughters. Altruism, and not commercialism, must rule here. Do you agree with me ? If so, I will undertake to present some of my thoughts on the subject. The first thing to be considered is the effect upon the child, from the introduction and successful pursuit of the study, and the general effect upon the community at large, as a result of such a modification of public school work. Without going into a detailed enumeration of the benefits to pupils coming under this kind of instruction, it is sufficient to say that they seem of 92 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION enough importance to induce us seriously to consider the possibility of achiev- ing results worthy of any efforts which we may be able to put forth. Inasmuch as horticulture connects closely with other subjects taught in our city schools under the name of nature studies, it can be introduced in a sensible way without being regarded as an impracticable innovation. These nature studies cover subjects which are adapted to investigation in the class room, from specimens brought in by the pupils. They include lessons having a bearing on the weather, effects of moisture on plants, plant study, study of animals, minerals, soil and rocks. Except the latter subject, soil and rocks, the nature studies mentioned come in the lower grades, and they tend to prepare the pupils for entering upon agricultural and horticul- tural subjects. A slight extension of plant study could be made, which would enable the pupil to take up horticulture in the sixth school year. At this time the pupil would be from eleven to twelve years of age, an age favorable for the kind of v.ork required. A two years' course should give fair results; and is all, I think, that should be expected from the elementary schools. I may add that, beside the advantages from the regular nature studies pursued in the low^er grades already mentioned, it is opportune that some of our newer text-books in geography most emphatically lend themselves to the study of nature in every way. They show the possibilities of the soil under the various conditions Avhich surround it. In consequence, agriculture and horticulture, together with other subjects, may now be better and more easily taught than ever before. In other words, the strengthening of certain features in the geographies and other text -books, has very much enlarged their useful- ness, and tends greatly toward instruction of a most practical nature. While this improvement in text-books, improvements in courses of study, and im- provements in teaching are by no means directed in any way specially toward the subject under discussion, it seems that the time may soon come when practical instruction in horticulture can take a place in many of our common schools. The tendency in this direction will doubtless continue, and the pos- sibility of successfully carrying out plans in this direction Avill steadily in- crease. Fair prospects of success must come into view before boards of educa- tion and school men can be expected to take up, enthusiastically, work on this line. Not only the value to the child and the community will be considered, but the practicability of adding another study to the course will need to be proven. Experiments in agriculture in which instruction in the elements of agriculture were attempted to be taught, have not proved successful over any considerable area where they haAe been tried; as in France, Ireland and Canada. Those experiments were tried in the rural portions of these coun- tries, and have been abandoned. So much for experiments made in agriculture. One might naturally suppose that the teaching of horticulture would be more difficult, but I have reasons for thinking that such is not likely to be SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 93 the case, and for several reasons. First, the child can be more easily interested in horticulture than agriculture ; and if the aim were to give the child prac- tical assistance in agriculture, it might be the wisest course to introduce him to the subject through lessons in horticulture. Then, too, horticulture is sus- ceptible of a wider range in so far as the number of people who should and could engage in it is concerned. Under any environment suitable for com- fortable and attractive homes, men and women may engage to a more or less extent in horticulture; and those who cannot do so, or those who do not care to do so, still enjoy the results of the work done by others. They ap- preciate it all the more if, through a course of training, they understand how the attractive effects about them have been worked out. Horticulture is a refinement, and because of its widespread influence it is w'elcomed in every home and every community. It appeals especially to w^omanhood and child- hood. For these reasons it affords a more attractive study than agriculture ; and it can, I believe, be introduced successfully, wdiere agricultural studies alone might fail. At the same time the relations of these subjects to one another are such that those students who should engage in agriculture would be just as much benefited as those who did not become farmers. It is well to notice the difficulties. The greatest difficulty in the way of carrying out a system of instruction in this subject comes from the present qualifications of teachers — or rather lack of qualifications. Teachers have had no special training for this work. To take up the teaching of horticulture in the right way, would require quite a change from the ordinary methods generally pursued bj^ the class teacher. A teacher, to teach these things, must come into vital touch with them. Unless he does, he will not be competent. A course of study requiring book lessons must be accompanied by actual practice in handling the soil, the implements, the plants, trees, shrubbery, seeds, bulbs, etc. A theoretical knowledge on the part of the teacher and long distance methods of imparting instruction to the child, will not avail. In saying this I am not endeavoring to emphasize the idea of thoroughness. Thoroughness is not the word, but contact. A child will learn rapidly by seeing things done. He will learn further by taking a hand himself. He must have a good example set him by his instructors; and a guiding hand is essential at all times, until he has a fair conception of the elementary principles. After that he may be depended upon to see things doing about him, and extend his knowledge easily by reading and observation. The school garden seems to be the center around which this interest may be kept up to the best advantage. The school garden and the class room, properlj'- equipped, a small greenhouse, and the tools commonly used in gardens are necessary in the equipment. But school gardens, so-called, have already been tried, and they have lamentably failed. Two sets of these have come 94 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION iiiider my personal observation. And I was compelled to wonder and inquire why they were undertaken. The lack of plans, the lack of knowledge, the lack of interest, and the lack of all equipment suitable, except ample space and ample opportunity, were plainly apparent. And yet some one had the temerity to introduce, in a way, the attempt at school gardens without count- ing the cost,— without providing any of the most important requisites except a few seeds. Seeds provided by the generosity of "our member of Congress." Well, all undertakings have their pioneer work. Their attempts at the beginning, with similar results. Failure and nothing but failure. We need not Avorry on that account. School gardens have been introduced in the city of Washington and elsewhere with success. This method of teaching horticulture seems to be the key to the situation. In the light of the improved methods of imparting information, which are now surely Avorking into our schools, school gardens would seem to be right in line with the best methods now employed in nature study and science teaching in our progressive schools. But for such work, qualifications as re- gards teachers are most eminently essential. Preparation, experimentation, and practice, requiring a large expenditure of time and energy will be re- quired, and are absolutely necessary. The teacher must be a good gardener. A teacher, to teach these things, must come into vital touch with them. A course of study in which book lessons form a part, may be allowable and even desirable in the advanced stages of the course; but they must be accompanied by actual practice in handling the soil, the implements, the plants, trees, shrubbery, seeds, bulbs, etc. A theoretical knowledge on the part of the teacher and long distance methods of imparting instruction to the child will not bring about the desired results. Thoroughness is not the word, — but contact. Contact gives the life, and awakens interest. It brings the body as well as the mind into play. Soils should be brought into the class room. They should be handled there, and the varieties of soil learned, together with their names, as sandy soil, gravelly, clay, loam, etc. ; their composition and how formed. Already the children have been taught how soils have been made from rocks. They should learn the nature of the soils about them, — in their own back yards, in the plots and fields that they cross in their perambulations. They are now as a sealed book to them. The grown-ups are no better. Every florist can vouch for this statement. Good soil, then, as to fertility should be known by the child. Top soil and sub-soil should be taught so as to be distinguished at a glance. The different means of increasing fertility should be taught. The fact that soil is principally a medium to receive the raw SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 95 materials and to turn out the finished product, shoukl be brought out. These things are not beyond tlie conception of the cliild under competent instruction. Teachers, tlien, are needed wlio liave the knowledge and the training requisite to teach the subject. Not one in one hundred is competent to do that work now. What, then, must be done? The regular teachers, after the adopting of suitable plans, must come together in the city, the town or the country at frequent intervals for instruction under a supervisor of horticul- ture. Shall I say agriculture and horticulture? The supervisors will detail pretty completeh^ what is to be taught, and how it is to be taught, A year would be required to fit teachers to begin. The next requirement will be l)rinted instructions to teachers on the subject. The supervisor would become a permanent feature, and his time w^ould be wholly spent in overlooking the work, making suggestions, noting the success of the work in diff"erent schools, and of the individual teachers, encouraging and instructing teachers in the details, as occasion may require. Normal schools and colleges for teachers will of necessity add horticul- ture as a branch of study, together with the methods required for carrying out the instruction in the subject. These matters are to be considered in any scheme for the introduction of the study into the common schools. Without such preparation, failure is sure to follow; with it, success may be counted on. The teaching of any sub- ject whatever calls for special preparation on that subject, on the part of the teacher. Boards of Education must make special provision, — such as space in, or about, the school building to do certain kinds of work; and grounds near, or remote from, the school buildings. In large cities, closely built up, transpor- tation of pupils from congestive centers to the school gardens, and excursions into the rural districts will need to be considered, and a little money provided for such purposes. The question arises, is all this work worth while? Will such expendi- ture of energy, time and money pay? The anticipated results must answer this question. A general, practical knowledge of world-wide interest, A technical knowledge which nearly every one can employ with both pleasure and profit. A capacity to enjoy nature more fully. A substitution of health- ful and mental action for drudgery. No mean attainment! Better homes, better amusements, something more ennobling than the worship of the almighty dollar. The President invited discussion. Mr. F. R. Pierson spoke of the great good that would be accom- phshed by the society in bringing about the teaching of horticulture 96 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION in the common schools. He thought that what had been achieved on this Hne, in Washington City, was highly commendable, in view of the limited resources there and the difficulties encountered. He hoped that success would attend the efforts being made in some of the states to secure legislation making the study in the schools obli- gatory. He thought that in New York and Massachusetts especially, and possibly in Pennsylvania, which were in the advance in the movement, the study could readily be made a part of the curriculum and that members of the society would accomplish much by awaken- ing a greater interest in the matter in their states. He urged the absolute necessity of having qualified teachers. Recently, when at the Jamestown Exhibition, he had seen a young lady teacher using a toy hoe, three or four inches long, when trying to show her, class of students how to plant a garden. He said he interposed to instruct the children how to prepare the soil, and the teacher did not relish his criticisms of her methods. Prof. L. C. Corbett, of Wasliingion, D. C. : Mr. President, I wish to say a word or two on tliis subject, as it is a matter in which I have been personally and vitally interested for some six years. I have been connected with the growth and development of- the school garden movement in the city of Washington, and have been in pretty close touch with it throughout the United States. This year we have been in close relations with the movement in every state in the nation except two, as well as in Porto Rico and in Cuba. The school garden movement has extended to, and taken root in every state and territory except Nevada and Arkansas. Those are the only states from which we have not received communications and which do not ask assistance from us. As you undoubtedly know, the Department of Agriculture has issued a number of bulletins and publications bearing on this subject and has inter- ested itself in it, not as intensely as it might perhaps, Tjut has been in pretty close touch with it; so that this year, as a result of the work we have done, there are some thirty thousand school gardens in actual operation. The dis- cussion this morning leads me to make this statement, that I believe the South presents the most fertile soil on which we can carry for^vard this movement, and I think it is the territory in which it is most needed. The negro problem is now one of the most formidable of anj^ with which we are confronted. You will concede that it is useless to attempt to educate the negroes for positions in competition with our clerks and stenographers or persons engaged along those lines. They are to be the hewers of wood and SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 97 carriers of water, as in the past; and we ought to educate them in such a way that they may realize the greatest return from the use of their hands. I believe the present trend toward manual training along educational lines will accomplish this to a great extent. In regard to what has been done in the various states I will say that, if my memory serves me correctly, the state of Mississippi stands forempst in making horticultural and agricultural education compulsory in its public schools. Statutes have been passed in several of the Southern states looking to the same end, and it is most desirable now to have competent teachers to do the work in those fields. With respect to those states which have made the largest demands upon us for assistance during the last year, I would say that New York stands at the head of the list with Illinois second, Mary- land third and Massachusetts fourth. These states are the ones in which school garden work, as we come in contact with it, stands pre-eminent. The work in the Northern states is to be accomplished, in my opinion, chiefly through the establishment of what we term "Agricultural High Schools" — schools which are to be a result of the consolidation of the or- dinary country schools into district schools of muc?i larger scope; the districts being much larger than at present and four or five schools being consolidated into one. The young people and children to be transported by conveyances to the central schools, and the schools so organized, to be surrounded by areas of sufficient size to admit of the development of experimental grounds and gardens under the supervision of competent teachers. The state of Mary- land has made provision by legislation for two or three schools of this sort. The state of Wisconsin has now several schools in actual operation. In Illi- nois there are similar movements; and in Ohio there is a movement on foot looking in this direction, while recently the same thing came up in Virginia. I believe that the work that can be accomplished through this movement of introducing school garden work into the public schools of the cities, will have a tendency to counteract the condition which now exists in cities and which to my mind is an exceedingly unfortunate one. Under present condi- tions, it is impossible to remove from the congested centers of cities the people who have been born and reared there and locate them in the country for any length of time, because, having no liking for agricultural conditions, they fail to become accustomed to the change and prefer to return to their former surroundings. Until we have some educational movement which will overcome this difficulty, we will be unable to induce those people to remain upon the soil and to cultivate it, where they would be happier and much better provided for than they are in the city. I look for great results from the school garden work along this line. It will create a desire for the kind of life it has in the past been almost impossible to induce these people to lead. 98 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION On the other hand, the rural high school and similar movements in the country section should check the i3resent tendency of the farmer to desert the countr3^ The present lack of school facilities in the country induces him, as soon as his sons or daughters have outgrown the curriculum of the country school, to move into a toA\Ti where he can get better educational facilities for his children. Young people who have reached the age of twenty years or more under such educational environments will have learned to appreciate the usefulness of the art in which they have been reared, and an inspiration in their work will come to them from their earlier j^ears amid rural surround- ings. Instead of the tendency to desert the country home for life in the city, there will then be an inclination on the part of tliose receiving such advan- tages to remain on the farms and in the rural communities where their energies are so much needed. I look for great results from this movement, but they will come only through an almost entire reorganization of our school system as it exists in rural communities. I do not think it is practicable to adapt agricultural or horticultural education to one-room country schools with the environment as it exists at the present time, but it can be accomplished through this reorgani- zation and unification of schools ; and we have had many illustrations to prove that this can be attained. The gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. DuRie) who spoke on this sub- ject referred to the gratuitous distribution of seeds by Congressmen. Pos- sibly I am responsible to some extent for what the gentleman complains of. There is at the present time a movement in the Department to utilize the free seed distribution in some legitimate way, and it has occurred to me (and I have been working upon it in a quiet w^ay for a nmiiber of years) to divert this free seed distribution from its present tendency into what I believe to be a useful direction, in building up and stimulating an interest in these school gardens. Now, if that little lot of seeds happened to fall upon sterile ground the output from the 30,000 gardens is enough to prove that some good accrues from the gratuitous distribution of seeds to schools. I believe that the city constituents, who now hardly know what to do with their quotas of seeds, would only be too glad to have their quotas turned into suitable combinations for school garden purposes; at least quite a number of my correspondents have urged that their quotas should be largely converted into these combinations, which are really of use to the school garden move- ment. They are simply combinations of vegetables and flowering plants and they are useful in the establishment of these schools. As far as concerns that little contribution, it has had the effect of stimulating an interest in the movement, so that while sometimes it happens that there is "love's labor lost," seed is being dropped and sown here and there which possibly may germinate and grow" into creditable school gardens. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 99 I, for one, am very glad that this society has taken the stand that it has taken in behalf of the school garden movement. I am very much inter- ested in that movement and am closely in touch with it. Anything I can do to help the movement, as far as this, society is concerned and in any proper way through the Department, I will do only too gladly. (Applause.) Mr. p. O'Mara said the New York Florists' Club had been doing what it could in aid of the school garden movement by the donation of plants and offering prizes at its exhibitions. Miss Helen Gould had taken the matter up with them and donated liberal prizes for children's exhibits to be shown at the exhibitions. He had been brought more closely in touch with what he called a branch of this movement when Mrs. Parsons, of the Board of Education of New" York, took it up on the West Side, in what is called DeWitt Clinton Park, in a section in which the so-called ''Slaughter House Gang" once held sway. He said that that lady had told him of many instances to show the influence upon that rough-house neighbor- hood of the little school garden located there. A factory there had been abandoned and portions of it were being carried away piecemeal but scarcely a stick was pulled out of the garden. The time was when a person could hardly walk along the sidewalk in that locality without being jostled or criticized, and yet when Mrs. Parsons and other ladies appeared there they were respectfully received and hats were lifted to them by men and boys who previously were strangers to such courtesy. He continued : I will mention one incident that occurs to me as showing the necessity' for teaching horticulture, not only in the higher schools but in the public schools, as advocated by Mr. DuRie in his paper. A few years ago a parade ground was laid out in one of the fortifications in New York, and they wanted to grow grass there. The military men in charge were told that they must have soil, that the grass would not grow on sand. An appropriation was obtained from Congress, the soil was purchased and grass seed was grown. We supplied the seed, and that is how I came to know about this matter. Subsequently the officer in charge came to New York and berated us soundly for having sold them seeds that were no good. We sent a man from our place to investigate the trouble; and after he had looked at the ground pointed out to him he remarked, "You couldn't expect anything to grow here." "Why not," the officer asked; "that is good soil." "Where did you get it?" The reply was, "It came out of the subway." Now, there was a gentleman lOO PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION -ulio liad received a West Point education and who actually thought that when he got soil out of the Xew York subway he could grow grass upon it. ( Merriment. ) (Xote. At this point the discussion was temporarily suspended to permit of the disposal of routine business, after which it was resumed as follows : ) Mr. E. V. Hallock said he had derived much information from the work of Prof. Corbett, of the Agricidtural Department at Wash- ington, and from pamphlets issued by that gentleman, whom he had invited to attend this convention and who had participated in the discussion. He now moved that the society extend its heartfelt thanks to Prof. Corbett for his attendance and the help he had Mr. Hallock's motion was adopted without dissent. Mr. P. O'Mara said the practical question now presented was as to how the society could most effectively use its influence in pro- curing state legislation to carry out the suggestions made in the two papers that had been read. He thought that the movement in this direction was more ripe in ^Massachusetts than in any other state, as the horticultural organization there, one o'f the greatest in the country, was already committed to this policy. He continued: In moving that the committee report made by Mr. Hallock be accepted, I propose that the committee be instructed to use all their power, in con- junction with the Executive Committee, to have the legislation recommended in their paper enacted in the state of Massachusetts. Mr. Piersou said that such a movement was in line with the policy of the state of New York, and he thought it should have the endorsement of this society. He asked ^Jv. 0']\lara to include New York in his motion. Mr. O'Mara modified his motion accordingly. Mr. Benj. Hammond said that a decided interest was being manifested in New York State in educating children in the study of nature and in lessons in botany ; that in some of the school dis- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS lOI tricts of the state the Boards of Education very wilHngly carried out whatever the local sentiment supported in the way of school gardens. He said the State Department had taken a large interest in this line of botanical and gardening work indirectly; they had established the rose as a State flower and the maple tree as the State tree. At the Annandale Rose Show, this season, which he attended, there was a fine display of the wild flowers collected by the children of the public schools, which had been properly labeled and placed in bottles for exhibition. Plain kitchen vegetables were cultivated by the boys and girls, and the proceeds of each plot were given to them. He went on to say that school gardening created and stimu- lated an appreciation of fruits and flowers. ]\Ir. James Dean called attention to what was being done in New York City along the line of the school garden movement. He said the magnificent Bronx Garden is largely attended by school children and instruction is given there ; that in Brooklyn a committee of the Educational Board, of which he was a member, proposed to erect greenhouses to the amount of $50,000 for the education in horticulture of public school teachers and pupils of the public schools. These facts show that the movement is well under way, and he thought that anything the society could do to help it along would be good work. A botanic garden of considerable size, to which the children will have access, is also contemplated, and plants would be taken from one school to another to make practical illustrations. Mr. O'Mara suggested that the committee of the society could give help in any particular state in which it was needed. He sug- gested that this work opened a valuable field of endeavor for the state vice presidents in securing the desired legislation and assisting to develop a public spirit in support of it. He thought that the committee should concentrate its attention upon any state in which it could do the most good. Prof. L. C. Corbett remarked that if the public sentiment was created it would soon be followed by legislation. I02 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Mr. O'Mara repeated his motion as follows : That the report of the committee be accepted and that they be empowered to use their efforts to secure favorable legislation in the states of Massa- chusetts and New York along the lines laid down in Mr. Hallock's paper. Mr. Geo. C. Watson, of Philadelphia, objected to the special mention of any states as a reflection upon other states and an inti- mation that they were lukewarm in the matter. He asked that the motion be made general. Mr. O'Mara : I will strike out the names of the states and substitute the words "in the United States" — I might add "and their colonies." (Merri- ment.) Mr. O'Mara's motion, as modified, was adopted. Mr. Alex. Wallace, New York City: Mr. President, in respect to this school garden matter I suggest that it Avould be a good idea if a record of what the society is seeking to accomplish in support of the movement could be placed before the public through the various committees or school boards engaged in this educational work. I think this would be helpful to all per- sons who are interested in it. I therefore move that copies of the report of our proceedings containing the papers on the subject, and the discussion thereon, be sent to such societies and boards of education engaged in the movement as may be kno^^^l to the secretary. Probably Prof. Corbett can give many of their names. Prof. Corbett suggested that the motion include copies for the various school journals. In reply to Secretary Hauswirth, he added that he would furnish that gentleman with a list of the journals referred to. Mr. Wallace's motion, including Prof. Corbett's suggestion, was agreed to without dissent. COMMITTEE ON FINAL RESOLUTIONS. President Stewart announced the following as the Committee on Final Resolutions, and requested them to report on the following day at Fairmount Park, viz. : Messrs. Jas. Dean, H. B. Howard and J.'K. M. L. Farquhar. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS IO3 OFFICERS FOR THE ENSUING YEAR. Mr. J. G. Esler, the judge at the election of officers, reported the following as the result of the election : For President, Mr. F. H. Traendly received 163 votes; Joseph R. Freeman, 147. For Vice President Mr. Geo. W. McClure received 263 votes ; W. W. Cutler, 40. For Secretary Philip Hauswirth re- ceived 289 votes. For Treasurer H. B. Beatty received 290 votes. Total of votes polled, 310. The President announced the election of F. H. Traendly as President, Geo. W. McClure as Vice President, Philip J. Hauswirth as Secretary, H. B. Beatty as Treasurer. President-elect Traendly, responding to calls, appeared upon the platform and, after a cordial reception, tendered his thanks for the honor conferred upon him. He said he was unable to express his feelings but he assured the members that, with their help, he would do his utmost to make the next the banner convention. He said the m.eeting at Buffalo was one of the largest the society had ever had, because of its nearness to Niagara Falls, and he thought that a meeting directly at the Falls would insure a still larger attendance. Vice President-elect McClure was next called upon and ap- plauded. He acknowledged the compliment of his election and said the honor had been neither sought nor expected by him. He had no doubt that, with the co-operation of his friends in Buffalo, he would be able to make good President Traendly's promise of a banner convention next year. Secretary-elect Hauswirth, responding to many calls and much applause, returned his thanks and said that when elected a year ago he promised to do the best he could in the office ; that the six months he had served was a comparatively short time within which to demonstrate his capability and that, if he had not fulfilled expecta- I04 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION tions Up to the present time, he would try hard to come up to them in the future. Treasurer-elect Beatty was next called upon and applauded. He responded in a humorous vein that he didn't know what he was called on for, as he couldn't make a speech. Nevertheless he ex- pressed his thanks for the honor and promised to do the best he could to preserve the few dollars in the treasur}'. Mr. Jos. R. Freeman expressed his extreme regret that he had not been present a few minutes earlier because of the pleasure it would have given him to make a motion that the vote for the suc- cessful candidate for president be made unanimous. He said he tendered to Mr. Traendly his most sincere congratulations, for that gentleman had relieved him from a great responsibility. He now most earnestly asked, as a personal favor to himself, that Mr. Traendly be declared the unanimous choice of the convention. The convention voted to grant Mr. Freeman's request, and President Stewart stated that the record would show that, upon the request just made, the vote for president was made unanimous. PRESENTATION TO PRESIDENT STEWART. Mr. J, D. Carmody: Mr. President, it has been customary for many years, in fact as long as this organization has been in existence, to extend something more than a windy compliment to our president. That custom is still in vogue, I am happy to say, and I presume you will be gratified to know it. We are prepared to present to you a substantial testimonial of our ap- preciation of your v\orth here. Before presenting it, however, I wish to say for myself that if this cus- tom is to continue, the members will need to pray for the longevity of your humble servant because it appears to have been demonstrated that no one other than myself is privileged to make these presentations. Possibly our friends feel in the bottom of their hearts that they would prefer to have some- one else than one whom they must look upon as an "old chestnut" to come before them, each year, to perform this honorable duty. It is an old axiom that yo'.i should get all you can and keep all you get. For a number of years I have been getting a lot of good things but have been giving them away. On this SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS IO5 occasion I have here a valuable casket which I would like to keep but am obliged to give it to you. So much for myself. Mr. Ste^^'art, everj- organization has a servant to do its bidding, and he is often called "a steward." If he is a good steward his work is appreciated and he is compensated accordingly. For nearly a quarter of a century the Society of American Florists has had a faithful, good and grand steward. We have placed him in the highest position in the organization. I do not know what we will do with him after this unless we create a still higher honor, and that is something I cannot conceive of. (Presenting a silver service of table cutlery, Mr. Carmody continued : ) Mr. Stewart, this casket contains something of value — a solid silver set of knives, forks and spoons. You have got over your "spooney" days, I sup- pose, and yet you wull find these articles very useful in the family. They are of solid silver throughout, not of any plated metal. It is with pleasure that I surrender my claims to these articles. In behalf of the organization I turn them over to your keeping, to be placed in your household as a memento from the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists. Mr. Carmody accompanied the gifts with an enclosure in an envelope (a sum of money), which he invited the President to inspect at his leisure. President Stewart responded as follows : Mr. Carmody and fellow members, it is hardly possible for me to express in words my appreciation of the kindness of such friends as I know I have in this society. This is not the first evidence of it that they have given me; in fact I feel half guilty in allowing them to add another to their multitude of efforts to demonstrate their love and their kindness, which they have ever shown during these long and very happy years in which I have been associated with them officially. I appreciate this gift more highly because it is a testi- monial to be enjoyed jointly with me by my life companion, who would have been here with me if it had not been for a very severe sickness; and I could have no greater pleasure than that of conveying this gift to her and having her enjoy it with me. I hope the time may often come when the members of this body, singly or by dozens or by hundreds, will favor us with a visit and help us to put these articles in use. ( Cheers. ) Adjourned until evening. I06 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION THE LADIES' OUTING AT WILLOW GROVE. Three hundred ladies, escorted by some members of the S. A. F., participated in an outing to Willow Grove, on Thursday after- noon, under the auspices of the local club. The route was by trolley for fifteen miles through a beautiful section adorned with handsome rural residences and large private estates. Arriving at the Park, the visitors were entertained in the music pavilion, where they listened to Sousa's Military Band. Lunch was served in the Lake- side Cafe. The remainder of the afternoon was spent in viewing the attractions of the park and listening to the music. THIRD DAY-EVENING. Thursday, Aug. 22, 1907. The convention reassembled at 8:15 o'clock P. j\I. REPORTS OF STATE VICE PRESIDENTS. Mr. R. Mncent, Jr., reported from the committee to examine the reports of the state vice presidents. The report was as follows : We, the undersigned committee appointed by this body to examine the vice presidents' reports, beg to offer the following suggestions : That they be requested to do more missionary work to build up the national association and that the ones so doing should receive the thanks of the national body when in annual session. We find from their reports that the cold, late spring was much against their business in many lines, but that later returns with prosperity well SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS IO7 repaid their labors, and much building and other improvements are, as a re- sult, being done to the benefit of the florists' trade generally. Classes in landscape gardening, as recommended by E. L. Peirce, state vice president for Massachusetts, ought to be encouraged. We believe the efforts of the Illinois State Society in getting a state appropriation, etc., for the study of the best and cheapest methods of growing cut flowers and plants, and looking into their diseases, remedies, etc., and methods of ridding them of insect pests, a good move in the right direction, and one for other states to follow. We are satisfied the Washington Florist Club is doing a great Avork in the education of the future generation in ofi'ering medals or premiums to the successful child or children that produce the best plants or flowers from their plots. We find also from many reports that the increased cost of labor and material necessary to successfully conduct our business is cutting large holes in our profits, as the prices on our products have not advanced in proportion. Respectfully submitted, Richard Vincent, Jr. John G. Esler. On motion of Mr. E. G. Hill, the report was accepted and made a part of the minutes. HORTICULTURAL EDUCATION IN AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS. Mr. Theo. Wirth, being called upon, presented and read a paper on "Horticultural Education in Agricultural Schools," which was received with applause. The paper was as follows : I have been asked to prepare a paper on "'Horticultural Education at Agricultural Colleges," and I hardly know" how to approach the subject, for, personally, I have no experience whatsoever as a student or graduate of such an institution of learning. I attended school until I was sixteen j^ears old, and when I arrived at that, what I considered very ripe age, and barely graduated wdth figures which I don't care to remember, I was of the opinion that additional wisdom, to be gained from professors and books, was superfluous technical theory, which would be of little help in practical work. I thought it was a kind of polish I08 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION that would wear off soon and most likely spoil the leather, and that it would be better to grease the boots to begin with and go to work, and so I did. I served one of those good old country apprenticeships where I had to work three years, not only for nothing but my governor had to pay my board besides. I don't know now whether at that time I earned my board, but I had a feeling that I did that and more, too, However, I graduated with honors as a full- fledged gardener, and I distinctly remember the great celebration that took place at that memorable time, which clearly shows that my memory was good under the most trying circumstances. Since then I have followed the noble profession of gardening in many of its branches and in different lands and climates, and have found pleasure, con- tentment and happiness in all I have approached and worked at, and if 1 could return to boyhood and had a chance to make my selection of trade again, I would most certainly select the "gardener's" profession. But, who has not passed through life, successful or otherwise as it may be, who would not omit some things he has done and do some things he left undone, if he was to live the same period of life over again? Xo one, — and it is through this, our experiences, that we must attempt and endeavor to teach those that follow us, to become wise where we were unwise. I therefore appear before you, not as a student or graduate from any horticultural college, but as one who wishes he had made use of the opportunity to be such, at the time he had the chance. I have, in my professional life, come in contact with young men of prac- tical schooling only, men of theoretical- schooling only, and men of both, and I have often had occasion to envy the latter. I have observed, however, that among the former two, the first has by far the advantage, but I am convinced that a happy combination in which the practical schooling is predominating, is the ideal course for horticultural education. From prospectuses that I have read of different agricultural colleges, and through conversations which I have had with some of the leading teachers at such institutions of learning, I feel convinced that a sincere interest and support given those institutions by individual and combined efforts of our craft, would result in a much more progressive and beneficial treatment of horticultural subjects in general, and floricultural interests especially, than is at present the case, and possible. I feel assured those institutions are sincere and anxious to help us with all their available means and opportunities, and if we give them the glad hand of support, interest and appreciation, the combined efforts of both will be crowned with unbounded success, to the benefit of all the far-reaching interests concerned. And who is better adapted and able to give that support, and who is closer to that calling than our S. A. F. ? SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS IO9 I believe that our association should take into earnest consideration what could and should be done to further our interests in the horticultural education of the younger members of our craft. Let us exchange ideas how it might be done. I, for one, wonder whether it might not be possible to select one of the many excellent state agricultural colleges, one as centrally located as possible, to make the study of horticul- ture, and especially floriculture, a special attraction along the lines which would meet Avitli our ideas of practical, commercial usefulness. For instance, would it not be practical to have such a college equipped with an up-to-date commercial plant, for the culture of plants both under glass and out of doors ? Would it not be possible to market the products of this college plant at fair, open prices, without creating an unfair competition to local trade in the vicinity of the institution. If so, would not this branch of such a college become more or less self-sustaining, and would not the very desire of making it so, and the need of successfully meeting such commercial competition, spur both teachers and pupils to achieve results far beyond the aim and the possibility of the ordinary college plant and experiment station? If all this is possible I think it is well worth our efforts to secure it, and I think it should be our aim. A forceful, earnest combination of our interests and practical experiences with those of the scientific and theoretically advanced researches of the teachers of our colleges, I believe would result in horticultural education along most remunerative lines. I should like to see some of our leading professional men connected with the governing board of such an institution, and I should want some of our successful practical gardeners on the staff of teachers. I should like to see the theoretical and scientific teachings of our professors of botany, entomology, chemistry, etc., brought into uninterrupted and closest contact ,with the prac- tical experiments and demonstrations of our experienced leading practical gardeners, so that the teachings of both, supplementing each other, may tell the student why, and how, and when, and where. The merits of such an institution I think would speak for itself, and it seems to me to be universally recognized at an early date of its existence. Its beneficial and educational influence would not be limited to the building up of a young generation of well educated, practical craftsmen, but it would also become the central station of horticultural and floricultural interests in general, a place we all would want to visit, a trial and experimental station open to all introductions and products of our ever advancing skill and progress. Its seal of merit and excellence should be the coveted prize of professional advancement, achievement and ambition. no PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Every year a number of our successful and leading fellow craftsmen go to Europe on a combined pleasure and business trip, and we all know that traveling with open eyes means to learn and profit. If a few such travelers would act as a committee and together visit some of the horti- cultural schools of Germany, France and Switzerland, I believe some of the things they would see there would be helpful towards the realization of my dream herein outlined. True, conditions and requirements here and there differ greatly, but in a general way our aims are the same. There and here we must have, and do have, at heart the advancement of our noble calling, the profession of a "gardener," of which I pride myself to be a member, and anything that can be done to further such advancement through combined and individual effort should receive our hearty and active support. President Stewart invited discussion. Mr. E. V. Hallock said that Mr. Wirth's paper pointed out a field of usefulness in which the society could operate, but which apparently it seldom thought of. He hoped advantage w^ould be taken of the important line of thought now presented. Mr. S. C. Moon remarked that the point brought out by the paper in regard to the lack of thoroughness on the part of boys from the colleges was a very good one. He had noticed that many of them in his own employ made a start in horticulture, but that it seemed almost impossible for them to get down to the bottom facts Mr. W. ,N. Rudd said the institutions referred to had not shown a disposition to take up floriculture and they had done comparatively little on that line. He continued : In the state of Illinois they were spending money to raise apples, cur- rants and such things but nothing for floriculture, and we waked up a short time ago, put up a rather strong fight before the legislature and were beaten. We went there again, at the last session, and secured an appropriation of $15,000 to be used exclusively in experimenting for the benefit of growers of plants under glass. We never would have gotten that if we had not gone right in for it. We are now fighting for something better in the Horti- cultural Department of the University and are trying to show that horticul- ture means something besides apples and currants. We believe that before we get through we will have at our University a school that will be a SOCIETY OF x\MERICAN FLORISTS III practical one, where florists can send their boys and have them taught in a practical way. I do not believe there is. a state in the Union where, if they get together and insist upon having what they want, the florists will fail to get something. The experiment station people are ready and willing to take up any work demanded, provided the necessary funds are appropriated. The florists must secure the appropriation if they want the work. Mr. R. Vincent, Jr., said that Illinois was not the only state in which progress had been made; that the Florists and Gardeners' Club of the City of Baltimore and State of Maryland had of late years been pushing the Horticultural Department at the State Col- lege for results, and, during the present year, had bought one hun- dred boxes of glass for greenhouses, in working out florists' problems. Mr. W. W. Castle, of Boston, said that down in the old Cape Cod section of Massachusetts they had old-fashioned notions, but within the last fev/ years had been doing something on the line now spoken of. The Weymouth Agricultural Society is offering prizes to children under fifteen years of age who can exhibit the best speci- mens of plants cultivated and grown by themselves. A prize is also offered to the young people for their best vegetables. He thought that a system under which the youngsters produced actual results was to be preferred to one in which $5,000 was spent annually in salaries while but $1,000 was paid for education. Mr. Alex. Wallace, of New York City: In connection with what is being done by these agricultural colleges, I would state that Cornell Univer- sity, in its horticultural department, has been doing considerable work with the peony. At the exhibition and meeting of the American Peony Society, held there this year, which I attended, the field tests for the purpose of inden- tifying varieties was an exceedingly interesting feature of the program. The horticultural department at Cornell is anxious and willing to do what it can on behalf of floriculture; and I think that any reasonable facilities may be had there by merely calling the attention of the authorities to the necessity for them. They have a building in which the agricultural depart- ment is located on the ground floor and the horticultural department on the second floor. Upon the floor above, the entomological department is located, where specimens of insects injurious to vegetation are displayed in cases with labels stating the plants they attack. A visit to the building is certainly very instructive and interesting. 112 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Much of the work done by these experimental stations is not brought to the attention of the public, although all of them distribute bulletins. I think we fail to give them full credit for what they are doing. I know that many instructive pamphlets come from these colleges, and I suggest that it should be the province of individual members of this society to encourage those institutions in their respectiA'e states and to refer to them any problems which they can assist in solving. The discussion here closed and, on motion of ]\Ir. F. R. Pier- son, the paper was accepted, made part of the proceedings, and a hearty vote of thanks tendered to ]\Ir. Wirth for his very instructive and interesting treatment of the subject. HORTICULTURAL EDUCATION BY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES AND CLUBS, ETC. The next item on the program was a paper by ^Ir. John K. 'M. L. Farquhar on ''Horticultural Education by Horticultural Societies and Clubs, including a review of the work of the Boston landscape class." Mr. Farquhar presented and read his paper, which was as follows : It is undoubtedly true that all American horticultural societies and clubs have endeavored to promote interest in, and knowledge of, horticulture. It is also true that the efforts of these organizations have resulted in great advancement along the lines they have worked. If, for the sake of illustra- tion, we regard the field of horticulture as a complete circle, we find well defined lines running from its centre to the circumference in many directions, but, unfortunately, we also also find too many of the 360 degrees of its cir- cumference to which "as yet there appear no lines, vast fields of horticultural science which have hardly been trodden upon in this country. Considering the phenomenal successes we have developed along the lines which we have explored, it seems all the more regrettable that our efforts have not been more distributed. The keen watchfulness, zealous application and enterprise of the Amer- ican florist have given him, in a single generation, first rank in the world in the production of roses, carnations, chrysanthemums, violets, sweet-peas, asparagus and other plants in which he has specialized, and his intimate SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS II 3 knowledge of tlie requirements of his subjects, gained by close personal observation to which his accomplishments are chiefly due, has rarely been equalled by his fellow-craftsmen abroad. This aptitude and past success make it quite obvious that he can achieve similar progress in new lines. The florists have not hestitated to impart freely through talks and essays at horticultural meetings the knowledge they have gained of their specialties. The nurserymen, too, have occasionally given valuable informa- tion on trees and shrubs and how to use them. Likewise the fruit and vegetable growers have most freely imparted the knowledge they have acquired. Again, the members of every horticultural society in the land have listened to predictions of despoliation by blight and insect, until in dread calamity their faces have become white and their lips blue like the trees and crops whitened \\ ith arsenate of lead or blued with copper sulphate. But you will ask me : "What about the untrodden fields ?" In tlie flower line there are many things yet untried which may and will be used both in commercial and private establishments. We have seen larkspurs, lupins, scabious, corn-flowers, schizanthus, leptosyne, etc., grown for winter cutting as successfully as roses and carnations. We force a few perennial plants like dielytra and spiraea, but how seldom do we hear of the campanulus, fox gloves, sweet-williams, trollius, Daphne cneorum, the Christmas rose, and many other suitable biennials, and perennials being forced, notwithstanding an existing and growing demand for greater variety and novelty in winter flowers. I have alluded to talks on fruits and vegetables and their culture. Who has ever suggested the prolific and delicious lichee of Southern China or the delicate naseberry of the West Indies as subjects for culture under glass like the peach and nectarine — or, which of our vegetable experts has taken pains to advance our knowledge of salad plants or of herbs for season- ing, in both of which subjects we know much less than did the Romans when they occupied the northern shores of the Mediterranean two thousand years ago? This is the day of progress and horticulture must and will advance in many heretofore neglected lines. Generally speaking, it can best be advanced through the instrumen- tality of the all-round trained gardener. How many of our foremost florists have risen from the ranks of the private gardeners? Mr. Peter Fisher of carnation fame, Mr. M. H. Walsh and Mr. Alexander Montgomery, whose names are garlanded with roses, are notable examples and there are others too numerous to be referred to individually now. I am satisfied that this 114 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION is the day to stir the gardener to new activities, his opportunities for advanc- ing both himself and his profession were never so good; besides, too, he must look to his position — a certain kind of landscape architect seeks to outstrip him and wrest from him the laurels and emoluments of his art. That which the gardener from his long practice and intimate £.cquaintance of his material, knows almost intuitively, this kind of landscape architect gathers a super- ficial, talking knowledge of from his books, and immediately begins to practice theoretically. His clients and the gardeners are usually the sufferers. Never has there been such an effort on the part of these impractical, book-made, self-styled experts to subordinate the practical gardener as at the present time. We have many progressive, trained gardeners, who are much more competent to lay out and plant a place than the mere graduate of a college landscape school. The gardener may not be able to make as attractive a plan, nor to talk so fluently of harmony of color, contrast of form, of light and shadow as the college man, but he knows how the grade should be, how to prepare the soil, how to plant the trees and shrubs and he has genius to plant a picture of such beauty, of such harmony, of such strength so exactly the compliment of its setting, that beside it the labored composition of college stripling is a helpless misfit. Do not imagine, however, that I underestimate the value and advantage of the horticultural school course provided it is a practical one and supplemented by actual garden work, but I would rather trust with the arranging of a garden, a man who has been taught to use the spade properly, and who has a natural love of nature, than the horticultural school graduate who has learned to pot plants with gloves on. It was with the view of bringing the best young gardeners to the front, to encourage them to take their places as leaders in horticulture, and to show them and qualify them for the opportunities open to them, that about a year ago, the Boston Landscape Class was organized. The class numbered about sixty members mostly working gardeners — many of them head men filling po>;itions of responsibility, others assistants. It met twice a week, with an average attendance of about forty. The subjects taken up for the first year included geometry, topographi- cal drawing, projection, perspective, grades, harmony of color, landscape com- position and the use of the level. The instruction was supplemented by field days for outdoor demonstration. It is intended to extend the course over three years, in which time the members should become thoroughly acquainted with the practice and theory of general landscape gardening. The better class of landscape gardeners or architects will find the members of the Boston Landscape Class in no way opposed to them, but by tlieir study better able to understand each other and co-operate to the mutual SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS LI 5 advantage of both when their work brings them together. At the same time, the gardener who has thus become familiar with both the practice and theory of hmdscape work will never give place to the book-made adventurer of the average superficial and impractical two, or sometimes three year, landscape college course of the i)rosent time. ^Ir. P. O'Mara remarked that one of the interesting points of the paper, was its showing that many of our private gardeners are fully competent to do landscape work. He expressed his gratifica- tion that the Boston class had made this fact evident to many who did not know it before. His observations had led him to believe that owners of large estates labored under the delusion that their private gardeners were only capable of doing what might be called ''the dray-horse work," and did not give them an opportunity to show their skill in the more artistic work of laying out grounds. In illustrating his meaning Air. O'Mara cited an instance which occurred, he said, in Mr. Farquhar's territory, where a children's playground was to be laid out. There was no question that the regular gardener was fully competent to do the work, but a land- scape firm was permitted to undertake it. The first thing that was done was when three or four young men came there and made a survey. Then they went back and prepared a map, for which $500 was charged. Eventually they finished the job at a cost to the owner of the premises of $1,200. The gardener on the place could have done the same thing for a fraction of that amount. He said he thought if this society would bring home to the men who employ gardeners the fact that they have at their elbows, so to speak, all the talent for doing much of that kind of work, it would do some good. (Applause.) The discussion here closed. RESOLUTIONS AND MOTIONS TO BE WRITTEN. Mr. W. W. Castle offered the following: Resolved, that all resolutions or motions, if requested by the presiding officer, shall be submitted in writing to the chair before action is taken upon the same. Il6 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION The resolution was seconded by Mr. Lonsdale and, after objec- tions to it by Messrs. W. N. Rudd and Jas. Dean as being unneces- sary, by reason of the presiding officer already having that power, was adopted. CONDOLENCE WITH MR. JOSEPH HEACOCK. ]\Ir. W. F. Gude called attention to the absence of "Sir. Joseph Heacock, of Wyncote, Pa., who had been a regular attendant at the conventions but had recently suffered a domestic affliction. He offered the following : Whereas, the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticultur- ists, now in session, has sorely missed the active and energetic presence of our fellow member, Joseph Heaeock, who is absent in the wilds of British Columbia, in search of a lost son who was an entliusiastic botanist and was traveling in that wild and distant country in the interest of science : And whereas, Mr. Heaeock had for weeks been laboring in the interest of this society as an active member of committees, and, as chairman of the Hotel Committee, in looking after every detail for securing the greatest comfort of every member and guest attending the present session. Therefore, be it Resolved, that the society extend its heartfelt sympathy to Mr. Heaeock in the suspense that he and his family have been called upon to endure in this hour of trial, and trust that his fondest hopes may yet be realized. Resolved further, that a copy of these resolutions be forwarded to our esteemed member. The resolutions were seconded by Air. O'AIara and adopted by a rising vote, in which all present joined. THE NATIONAL FLOWER SHOW IN 1908. Discussion of this subject was announced as the next business. Mr. W. F. Kasting, chairman of the Committee on the Show, was called upon for a report ; and, at his request, the minutes of the meeting of the Executive Committee, held at Chicago last Novem- ber, were read to show the action then taken. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS II/ ]\Ir. Kastiiig then stated that it was understood, last year, that the committee would not proceed until a guarantee fund of $10,000 had been subscribed. The subscriptions now amounted to $10,490, and the committee would be glad to receive additional names. He read a list of members appointed on sub-committees, some of whom, he said, had not formally accepted their appointments but had sent in their subscriptions, while others had declined to serve. At the meeting of the Executive Committee in Philadelphia last March, j\Ir. Robt. Craig, as Chairman of the Premium Committee, had charge of the preparation of the premium lists, and four or five copies of these were made. They had not been published but the representatives of the trade papers had agreed to print them, which would enable the committee to avoid some expense. ^Meanwhile any necessary changes of the lists or suggestions in regard to them would be received by the committee. He said the names of the guarantors would be printed and any omissions that might occur would be corrected by the committee upon notification to them. He said the committee expected to hold the show in the fall, at Chicago ; and as they needed to defray some incidental expenses they would, at their next meeting, make the first call upon the guar- antors for money. In reply to an inquiry by Mr. Esler, Air. Kasting added that the majority of the committee did not think that the Presidential election would interfere with the success of the show, but that it was proposed to defer it until the week after the election. The only conclusion as to the date was that it should be in November. Mr. I. Bertermann said he thought there could be no doubt of a successful outcome; that the money subscribed had apparently been obtained without much effort on the part of the committee, and that the fund could easily be increased to $15,000. He recog- nized that the National Show would be of immense benefit not to one locality but to growers throughout the country. He did not fear that the public interest in the Presidential election would tend to lessen the attendance and he thought that, with the help of the press, the afifair would be successful financiallv. Il8 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Mr. John Burton, of Philadelphia, said that if there were enough subscribers to create an exhibition fund of ten or fifteen thousand dollars, he thought the question of whether there would be sufficient patronage in the quarters or half dollars that came in at the gate was a trivial one. He urged that the paramount con- sideration was the advancement of the interests of horticulture, and whether a show would or would not pay should be a minor matter, though of course the guarantors would be better pleased if it proved a success financially. The holding of it in Presidential election week was of less importance than whether it was in chrysanthemum week. He believed that the time should be when the best show could be held, regardless of political affairs. He wanted to see the people there who would appreciate what they saw ; and he insisted that, if it was to be a horticultural aft'air instead of a political aft'air, it should be held at that time which would be most favorable for such a display. ]\Ir. A. Farenwald remarked that the growers would be on hand to make a fine exhibition but that what was essential was to have the support of the public. ]\Ir. John Westcott explained that he had been superintendent of horticultural shows for many years consecutively and that, in his opinion, the proper date was the second week in Lent, when roses, carnations, rhododendrons and the general line of stuff was in bloom. He thought that what was wanted was something new and that an exhibition in the fall would be a fizzle. He believed that if it was held at the right time and premiums were offered, there would be such a display as had never been seen in the world. Mr. W. H. Elliott, of Brighton, ]\Iass., said he had attended a fall exhibition in Chicago and one in Xew York in the spring, and the former was the more successful both financially and in the quan- tity and variety of the stock shown, which included roses. He did not think that November was the best month for the roses, however the show of roses at Chicago in November was as fine as he had ever seen. As the Chicago people were to bear the burden of the hard work, he would leave the fixing of the date to them. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS II9 Mr. J. C. Vaughan remarked that the vital question, as he had stated at Dayton last year, was whether the growers and the best plantsnien of the country would make a united effort to stand by Chicago in the undertaking ; and he thought that that was the only question tonight. He believed that the men who could furnish the material for a creditable display were the ones to stand up now, one after another, and say whether they would do their part; and then the Chicago people would know whom they could depend upon. He suggested that Chairman Kasting ought now to call upon the men whom he knew were able to contribute to the success of the exhibi- tion and get their responses. Chicago would then take care of her end of it. Mr. Robt. Craig, who had just entered the hall, said that Mr. Lonsdale and he had expended considerable time and thought in preparing a premium list for a fall exhibition, but he felt satis- fied that that was not the best time for the show. He had talked with ]\Ir. Julius Roehrs and a number of horticulturists in the East, including great plantsmen, and they had said it would be much better to have the show in March, because every shrub and flower would then be in better shape. He continued: There is very little that you can have in November in the way of plants. It would be very largely a chrysanthemum show with foliage plants and cut flowers; that is all. In March everything that grows in the shape of a plant could be shown. If it is deferred until March I will promise to support it personally. The private gardeners will go with you for the spring with enthusiasm, and they can do something worth while. I think the work done by Mr. Lonsdale and myself will show that we have thought out the premium list fairly well, but I would be willing to go to work again and make a much better one for a spring exhibition. I would like to hear from our capable private gardeners, whom I see all around me, as to the best time to be selected. Mr. Craig then read a letter from Mr. J. C. Vaughan, president of the society, addressed to the members and dated in December, 1905, showing that when the National Show was first proposed it was contemplated generally to hold it in the spring of 1906. I20 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Mr. A. Herrington explained that, although his name appeared in the list read by Chairman Kasting of those who failed to ac- knowledge their acceptance of a committee appointment, he had done his part in trying to make collections for the guarantee fund and he had attended the meeting of the committee in Chicago and accepted a position on the committee on a premium list. Since then he had not been communicated with by the committee, although a report from it had been presented. He stated that he had been interested in flower shows for the last ten years and had received his proportion of awards, but that it was only at his own personal expense. He declared that all that came to a private gardener, on such occasions, was the honor of winning and that he was fortunate if he could charge his expenses. At the New York convention of the S. A. F. there was a splendid private gardener's exhibit in connection with the society's exhib-- its, and he had got some honor out of it, but was out of pocket on account of it ; and he did not believe he had ever attended an exhi- bition at which he was not out of pocket. He insisted that the branch of horticulture that is benefited by such shows is the trade; but the trade in some quarters had been very lukewarm when asked to support the proposed national flower show. Mr. J. C. Vaughan replied that ^Ir. Bertermann's remarks seemed to make this a time to go on record. He referred to his own experience in flower shows in the West and to the fact that he had been chairman of the show gotten up to secure for floriculture her proper official medals" and awards of the World's Fair at St. Louis. He said that nearly all of the men in that movement were members of the S. A. F., but that the men who received recogni- tion there, to whom the gold badges of judges were presented and who were wearing them today were not the S. A. F. men in the trade, but the private gardeners. He added that there were men now present, to whom he could point, who had been honored, given, part of the glory of that occasion, and that these gardeners had re- ceived the gold badges of official judges and had their expenses paid. They received these honors through S. A. F. influence. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 121 Mr. Kasting said that in the first instance there was a desire to hold the National Show in the East, and its promoters would have been glad to have it in New York ; but the New York Florists' Club did not respond to the overtures made by Mr. Vaughan on that point. It was only the Chicago Florists' Club that said, ''Come on, boys, we will help you out;" and for that reason Chicago was se- lected as the place for the show. He wanted the co-operation of the private gardeners, and he did not think that the S. A. F. could get along without them. Mr. J. G. Esler suggested the practicability of having the grow- and th them best. ers and the gardeners indicate the time when the show would suit Air. I. Bertermann said that fall exhibitions had been success- ful in Chicago, Indianapolis and throughout the West ; that the commercial men, who had subscribed at least one-fifth of the $10,000 fund, had contributed plants grown in the fall, and he did not see why the private gardeners could not do the same thing. Mr. A. Farenwald favored a date in the spring as more de- sirable from a rose grower's point of view. Mr. W. W. Coles, of Kokomo, Ind., said that, in Chicago, roses were as good in the fall as at any time of the year. He op- posed a postponement until the spring because it had been generally understood that the date was fixed for November. He did not think the Presidential election would interfere with the- show, as the coun- try was too prosperous to be affected by such a little thing. Mr. P. O'Mara expressed the opinion that the ultimate arbi- ters as to the date should be, first, those who would have to bear the burden of the work, the Florists' Club of Chicago; secondly, the guarantors, who had put up the money for the show. He thought the exhibitors might properly constitute a third class, but it was impossible at present to name them, although it might safely be as- sumed that at least a fair percentage of them was to be found among the other two classes. Therefore he moved to leave the settlement 122 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION of the question with the Chicago Chib and the guarantors, and to have the secretary ascertain their preferences by mail. Mr. W. H. Elhott, of Brighton, Mass., approved Mr. O'Mara's idea, but thought it would be difficult to reach the guarantors, as they would not get together or have a meeting. He thought it would be better to authorize the committee in charge of the show to decide the matter after consultation with the guarantors, the Chi- cago Club and, if possible, the exhibitors. Secretary Hauswirth explained that the show would not be run by the Chicago Florists' Club, but by the Horticultural Society of that city, although the latter included most of the active members of the former. Mr. D. Finlayson said he had understood from what Mr. O'Mara had said that the show was to be a Chicago affair in its management. As to the date, he favored a time in the spring. Secretary Hauswirth replied that, so far from it being a Chi- cagfo show, the florists of that citv realized that thev would need the earnest co-operation of the active workers throughout the country. It would be necessary for the committeemen to be present to assist in the work of preparation, but it was not expected that delegations would come on from Eastern cities and remain in Chicago for three or four weeks. Consequently the real burden of labor and responsibility would be confined within a small circle. Personally, he said, he would prefer to see New York selected as the place, in view of the hard work and intense personal application which the manifold details of such an undertaking involved. (Note. Mr. O'Mara's motion was then presented in writing, at the request of the chair.) Mr. J. C. Vaughan said that in Chicago the public had been accustomed to attend flower shows in the fall, and therefore he rec- ommended that season as insuring the best outlook for this first National Show. If it proved a success, such changes in date and locality as experience showed to be expedient could be made in the SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS I23 future. He emphasized the fact that, as it would be a national and not a local affair, the responsibility for its success would devolve upon the florists of the East and West, not upon those of Chicago. He said that if the trade leaders in the country would give the Chi- cago people a pledge to take hold with them, the latter would be per- fectly willing to do the work as they had done it before. If the show should not prove to be national in character, he asked why should the Chicago florists shoulder the burden of it? He could not see that they would have any use for it. (Applause.) Mr. Elliott, of Brighton, Mass., read, for information, the res- olution adopted by the Dayton convention last year, to show that the convention had fixed Chicago and the month of November as the place and the time. He therefore submitted, as a point of order, that Mr. O'Mara's motion to authorize a change of the date ought not to be entertained. President Stewart expressed his unwillingness to enforce strict parliamentary rules at this time, as it would prevent that full ex- pression of opinion which seemed to be desirable. Mr. Kasting said that if the matter was left to the committee on the subject, they would work out the problem to the satisfaction of everybody. He thought that the convention was reluctant to take any action and he assumed that there was no disposition to hamper the committee. Mr. O'Mara explained that his only object, by his motion, was to relieve the committee from their seeming embarrassment, and he cheerfully withdrew the motion. He added that New York City could have had the National Show and the local club there had been solicited by ]\Ir. Vaughan to undertake it, but the overtures were not accepted. He then moved (having withdrawn the previous motion) to leave the whole matter entirely in the hands of the committee of fifty with full power to go ahead. 124 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Mr. Elliott made the point that the present motion conflicted with the action of the convention, last year, which gave the ex- ecutive board authority to hold the exhibition. I\Ir. A'aughan suggested that a complication might be avoided by simply renewing the authority of the executive board. Mr. O'jMara : I had in mind, when I made the motion, the executive committee and the committee spoken of here as having charge of the show; that is, the entire committee, including the executive committee. The motion is that the whole matter be referred to them with power to act. Mr. John Burton: Mr. President, in view of the position which has been assumed here, I ask whether, at the meeting next year at Niagara Falls, we could peremptorily, upon a moment's notice, wipe out what we have done here or what our committee of fifty may have done or contracted for in the meantime. Can we do that ? President Stewart: Technically I should say yes. The convention here proceeded to vote, when Mr. O'Mara's motion was carried without objection. Mr. H. B. Beatty: Mr. President, I want to answer Mr, Burton and to take an appeal from the decision of the chair. I claim that when this society authorizes its Executive Board to go ahead, spend money and get ready for an exhibition, it has no power to revoke that authority. Its action last year was in the nature of a contract with its Executive Board. It cannot be wiped out. Mr. Beatty then quoted from the minutes of the convention of 1906 to show the action in instructing the executive board to pro- ceed with the work of preparing for the show, raising a guarantee fund, etc. (President Stewart vacated the chair and Vice President Kas- ting temporarily succeeded him as presiding officer.) The President Pro Tern : The question is, Shall the decision of the chair be sustained? Mr. Burton (in reply to inquiries) explained that the decision referred to had been given in reply to his inquiry as to whether the convention, next year, could undo what had been done at this time and what the committee on the show or the executive commit- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS I25 tee had done in the way of contracting. The chair's decision had been that it could. Mr. J. G. Esler: I move that the decision of the chair be sustained. I understand that tliat is the proper motion at this time. The convention proceeded to vote, when Mr. Esler's motion was agreed to by a rising vote. (President Stewart resumed the chair.) Mr. Kasting: That matter is settled. Now, if any members should find their names omitted from the list of guarantors, when it is published in the papers, they will please notify the committee accordingly. I would like to get the subscriptions up to fifteen or twenty thousand dollars. Mr. E. V. Hallock, referring to remarks made during the ses- sion, said that these might be construed as indicating a spirit of jeal- ousy between the private gardeners and the florists. He thought he might have reason to be jealous of the ability of a private gardener like Mr. Herrington, whose skill in the craft could not be excelled, but he thought there was no good reason for any sentiment in the convention other than that of mutual respect and good fellowship among the members. He regarded the private gardeners as holding an enviable position and assured them that the society appreciated their good will. Adjourned until the following morning. 126 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION FOURTH DAY -MORNING. Friday, Aug. 23, 1907. The convention reassembled at 9:15 o'clock A. M. in the room of the Philadelphia Florists' Club, President Stewart in the chair. HORTICULTURAL EDUCATION IN THE COMMON SCHOOLS. The convention resumed consideration of the subject of school gardens, as presented by Mr. E. V. Flallcck's report, which was dis- cussed on the previous day. Mr. Hallock submitted a draft of a bill on the subject, which he asked to have formulated by a committee, in a legal way, for presentation to State Legislatures. He suggested that a committee be appointed for this purpose. President Stewart said his recollection was that, at the pre- vious day's session, the committee on this subject was continued and instructed to proceed with its work. Its membership could be in- creased, if that was desired. Mr. Hallock said he thought the committee ought to be aug- mented by the addition of ]\Iessrs. O'Mara and Pierson, both of whom were connected with school work. He made a motion to that effect. Motion carried without objection. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 127 REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON PRESS PUBLICITY. Mr. P. O'lMara, in the absence of Mr. Skidelsky, the chairman, presented a report from the committee on press pubHcity. This re- port urged that greater individual effort should be made by the florists of the .country to bring to the attention of the people, through the daily press, what they were doing, also that greater attention be paid by the trade to the development of the plantings of back yards, and endorsed the work of the National Council of Horticulture, which should be supplemented by individual endeavor as far as pos- sible. On motion of Mr, E. Lonsdale, the report was received. PLANT REGISTRATION AND NOMENCLATURE. Mr. Peter Bisset presented and read a report from the Com- mittee on Plant Nomenclature and the enlargement of the scope of the Registration Department. The report was as follows : Your committee on Nomenclature and Plant Registration beg leave to report that in their opinion a committee should be appointed with power to pass upon all questions of nomenclature and plaint registration. The committee further recommend that the body constituted to do the work on nomenclature and plant registration consist of three members from each of the important horticultural centers of the country. This committee should be appointed by the executive board of the S. A. F., and to be extended as the demands of the work require. That it is the judgment of the committee that the work of plant regis- tration which has been inaugurated by this society be continued, its scope broadened, and its value to horticulture increased. That the list of plants so registered each year be made, as at present, a part of the annual report of the society, a special section if necessary being devoted to this work. That in order that a plant may be eligible to registration, the request for registration must be accompanied with a carefully prepared and accurate* 128 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION description of the plant and its characters, together with the full history of its parentage and origin, such report to be made on suitable blanks to be prepared by the committee so appointed, said blanks to be furnished breeders qr introducers on application by the secretary of the society. Your committee would recommend that a certificate of registration be granted to all plants possessing superior merit in the class to which they belong. To carry out the provisions of this feature, it is recommended that the Society of American Florists maintain a permanent committee consisting of experts in the several lines competent to pass upon the merits of the several subjects offered annually for registration. Further, that in the event the merits of the plant in question cannot be determined from specimens and the data given by the originator or introducer, that said plant be placed in suitable trial grounds, either under the direct control of the S. A. F., or such institution as it may designate, for a full test of the points claimed for it by its originator. It is believed that by pursuing such a policy the S. A. F. will be doing for the workers in horticulture what the Patent office is now doing for the American inventor. In addition to the valuable work of preserving a history of the introduction, the society will give its official sanction and approval to all worthy introductions; such sanction, if secured as the result of merit, will give the introducer the advantage which is bound to come as a result through increased demand. If this work be carefulh" and conscientiously done, every plant registered Avill bear the impress of royalty, and receive the impetus of the unbiased judgment of an impartial tribunal — a reward worth striving for by every man working to improve horticultural products. l. c. coebett, Peter Bis set, J. A. Manda, ^ Edwin Lonsdale, W. N. RUDD, Committee. Mr. O'Mara: This is a very important report. We all realize how difficult it is to follow, in a single reading of a report, the points and recom- mendations presented. I move that the report be received and that the executive committee be instructed to carry out the recommendations therein contained. Mr. W. F. Glide seconded the motion. Motion carried and so ordered. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS I29 AFFILIATION WITH OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. The special committee on this subject being called upon for a report : Air. John K. M. L. Farquhar, the chairman, said the committee had met and that Mr. Breitmeyer was to make a response for them, but that he had unexpectedly been called to his home. The commit- tee thought that the subject should be held in abeyance for the present, because t%y could not consistently report upon it until certain issues before the society were decided and its permanent character passed upon. They therefore asked for further time. On motion of Mr. Wm. R. Smith, the committee was continued and given further time. Mr. John Westcott: I think there will be no objection to that course. I have frequently been called out of the hall during the session and cannot vote intelligently at this time, but would like to have an opportunity to go over the matter. THE TARIFF. The committee to consider the interests of the trade as con- cerned in the tariff, and the development of home horticultural in- terests, was called upon for a report. Mr. F. R. Pierson replied that the committee had been unable to get together and were unable to present anything at this time. He added that there was no expectation of tariff action by Congress at the present session and that nothing could be done on the subject at this time. On motion of Air. Wm. R. Smith, the committee was continued. PRESERVATION OF THE S. A. F. RECORDS. Mr. Jas. Dean called attention to a recommedation of the ex- ecutive committee in regard to the preservation of the records of the society, and commended its propriety. 130 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION President Stewart: The executive committee, two years ago, requested the secretary to have two complete copies of the records of the society and of the executive committee bound and at least one of them stored in a vault for preservation. This request has been complied with as far as it could be; the records not being complete because the report of the first convention, at Cincinnati, was missing. Your former secretary tried without success to find a copy of that report. If w^e could get one or two copies of it from any member we would be enabled to complete the records. Mr. Dean: I have in my possession three complete vohunes of the re- ports of all the conventions, and iwll gladly donate one of them to the society. They are neatly bound and gilt-edged. I will forward i|: to Secretary Haus- wirth. On motion of Mr. E. G. Hill, the society voted its thanks to Mr. Dean for his gift. ROUTINE BUSINESS. Mr. Jas. Dean moved to instruct the treasurer to pay a bill presented by Mr. Elliott, of Brighton, Mass., for mileage paid by him in attending the sessions of the executive committee in January and November, 1906, when the matter of the proposed National Flower Show was considered. The motion was carried without dissent. ]\Ir. H. B. Beatty moved that the record of the proceedings of the executive committee, at its meetings during the year, be read, as an order of business, at the first day's session of the convention of that year. Motion carried without objection. NON-PAYMENT OF TREASURER'S SALARY. Mr. Wm. R. Smith: Mr. President, is it not a fact that ovir treasurer is entitled to receive $200 a year and that he has given that amount annually, as a gratuity, to the society? President Stewart: The secretary will please read the clause of the b}^- laws on the subject. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS I3I Secretary Haiiswirth read the following in the by-law relating to the treasurer, ''and shall receive for his services such salary as may from time to time be allowed by the society." President Stewart: Under the old by-laws, previous to the acceptance of our charter and the adoption of the by-laws in connection therewith, $200 was put down as the salary. I am not sure of it but that is my impression. I have no recollection of the matter having been brought up since, but, as I recall, the secretary's office never had any record of any money having been appropriated to pay the treasurer's salary. If I am wrong in that, tlie treasurer no doubt will correct me. Mr. Beatty: Your old minutes will show whether anything was appro- priated by the executive committee. President Stewart: I mean since the time of the adoption of the charter. Mr. Beatty : No ; I don't think any appropriation has been made for the treasurer. Mr. P. O'Mara: The by-law provides that the treasurer "shall receive for his services such salary as may from time to time be allowed by the society." That is a matter that .should come up annually. I now rise to move that the salary o%the treasurer, for the coming year, be fixed at $200, as that is the sum that was originally named. Mr. Beatty: Mr. President, I objected to that when it was suggested before, and I object to it now. I do not need it. Mr. Wm. F. Gude: I think it is perfectly proper to have this motion adopted, and then if the treasurer wants to make a donation to the society our records should show the fact. (Applause.) President Stewart: The motion of Mr. O'Mara is that the treasurer's salary be fixed, under the provision of the by-laws, at $200 for each year. Motion carried with one negative vote — that of Mr. Beatty. DISSEMINATION OF HORTICULTURAL INFORMATION THROUGH THE PRESS. Mr. Robt. Craig called attention to the work undertaken last year with the National Council of Horticulture in disseminating through three thousand newspapers information about flowers and 132 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION plants at a minimum cost. He said the articles published were not advertisements of any special plants, but referred to standards and were of a general character. They treated, for instance, of the glad- iolus, canna, campanula, and other flowers. He said the seedsmen had taken an active interest in the matter, having subscribed $200, and were likely this year to increase their subscriptions because of the good results they had realized. Last year the executive committee of the S. A. F. cut down the society's appropriation from $200 to $100, and this did not cover the cost. He asked now for an appro- priation of $200 for the ensuing year to insert articles in newspapers like the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, and others of wide circulation. He also said that Prof. Irish had secured, without cost, the publication of articles which he had prepared; and that Mr. J. C. Vaughan, a good business man, who had given a great deal of time in superintending this work, had de- clared that no business proposition had ever commended itself to him so strongly as had this one, in view of the results accomplished at small cost. Mr. J. K. M. L. Farquhar said the1% had been oppo- sition in the executive committee to the expenditure of this money through another organization, some of the members believing it could be done better by the society through its own channels. He declared that many of the articles distributed for publication were amateurish and impractical, and every one of them he had seen was extremely favorable to the seedsmen and advocated something that the seedsmen had to sell. None of those he had seen had recommended anything planted by the florists or raised in their greenhouses. In one article on the gladiolus the instructions were to plant about twelve bulbs to a foot. One on hollyhocks and per- ennials suggested the planting of these late in August or early in September, and the speaker said he thought that if a practical man like Mr. Wirth had seen that article he would have bluepenciled it and advised the sowing of these things late in May or early in June ; and then it would have been unnecessary to prescribe an elaborate system of caring for them through the winter. He thought the articles he had seen were not such as would be en- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 133 dorsed by the florists and gardeners of the S. A. F. He suggested that the society should act for itself in distributing the informa- tion, rather than through the Council of Horticulture, as it would then be done in a way to be of more practical value and would come not from amateurs but from those who had a practical train- ing. Mr. Craig replied that the present organization of the Council of Horticulture was such that it could do more on this line than the S. A. F. this year, as it was composed of representatives of the seedsmen, the nurserymen and the florists. In reply to Mr. Far- quhar's contention that the articles furnished were amateurish, he said : What a chance here for the gentleman to write one himself. If there is anything wrong with the articles the fault is ours. If the gentleman was to deliver a lecture he would be better pleased with an audience of five hundred than of one hundred, but here is an opportunity for him to address several millions of people through three thousand newspapers. He and others can do tliis at a cost to the society of only $200 a year. Let us appropriate this trifling amount and induce ]VIi-. Hill, Mr. Lonsdale. Mr. Dean and such men to impart their wisdom and experience in these publications. Mr. E. V. Hallock said that a sample of the kind of articles needed was to be found in the practical paper presented to the con- vention as a report, last year, by that level-headed and talented Scotchman, Mr. Alex. Wallace, of New York ; which went di- rectly to the core of the subject and bristled with facts, all of which were presented in a clear and practical manner. The Ladies Home Jounial, one of the publications on the list, w^ould carry these articles to the ladies. He thought the society would seldom have such an opportunity to get something for almost nothing. As to the articles being amateurish he agreed with Mr. Craig that if there was any such fault the florists themselves were responsible for it. Mr. J. C. \"aughan said the merits of the work of disseminat- ing horticultural information through the press were so well known by the societv that he would not detain it with one word were it not for Mr. Farquhar's statement that certain articles had emanated from the seedsmen. Any complaint on this ground seemed to him to 134 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION be ludicrous, as the articles referred to contained matter equally valu- able to every hot-bed florist, every nurseryman and every gardener. They were given out after the seedsmen had put up their money to carry on the work, when the florists had not contributed a dol- lar. Mr. Vaughan further said that the. newspapers were ready to issue free these horticultural propaganda, matter really worth $1.50 per line, if they were furnished by our organization to them. He thought it important that the bureau in charge of the work should be free from any commercial bias ; and it was for that rea- son that it was organized with men like Professors Taft, Irish, and Trelease, who were free from any commercial interest. Prof. Bailey was a member of the council, but had resigned because un- able to give it sufficient attention. The plan had been adopted to have six representative men in the council, viz., two from the seeds- men, two from the nurserymen and two from the florists; the S. A. F. delegates being Messrs. Robt. Craig and W. F. Kasting, and the nurserymen being represented by Mr. Maloy and Mr. Smith. He remarked that there were no more hard-headed business men than the nurserymen in making the best use of a dollar, and yet some nursery firms had contributed twenty-five dollars each to aid the project. He wanted to know from the convention if the seedsmen, as a body, had not done right in supplying these propaganda to the press. He asked Mr. Hill for his opinion. Mr. E. G. Hill acquiesced in Mr. Vaughan's statement. The discussion here closed and Mr. Craig's motion was adopted without objection. On motion of Mr. P. O'Mara, the convention (at 11 o'clock A. M.) adjourned until 8:30 P. M. OUTING TO FAIRMOUNT PARK. The remainder of the day was spent by the members of the society in an outing at Belmont, Fairmount Park, as the guests of the Florists' Club of Philadelphia. Fully three hundred ladies accompanied them. Electric vehicles were the conveyances, and SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 135 some of these stopped on the way at Girard College, where the bed- ding on the grounds (in charge of Snpt. Edwin Lonsdale) was highly commended. Upon arriving at Belmont the company partook of luncheon, after which they enjoyed the various sports arranged for their entertainment. The principal attraction was a ball game between a Philadelphia team and a nine composed of visitors from other cit- ies; the latter winning by a score of 21 to 14. The features of the game were the umpiring of Israel Rosnosky, the pitching by P. Graham, the catching by E. F. Winterson, and a home run by R. Scott. The program included automobile rides, dancing, sack and wheelbarrow races, quoits and varied field sports. The dinner was served in a spacious tent, under which every- body took refuge in time to escape a rainstorm. The dining tables were tastily decorated with ferns, bouquets of gladioli, late roses and phlox, but the flowers were temporarily eclipsed by the menu. After the dinner, the trophies in the bowling and shooting contests of the previous day were presented by Mr. O'Mara who accompa- nied each presentation with humorous and pertinent remarks. President Stewart, in acknowledging the hospitalities enjoyed by the visitors, said : Mr. President, Members of the Society of American Florists and Ladies ' Auxiliary : I use those last words advisedly, for we have been talking of changing our name, and, as there seems to be about three hundred ladies here for every hundred gentlemen, I cannot resist addressing you thus and giving them the recognition to which they are entitled. When we were invited, last year, by the Philadelphia brethren to come here, they told us they would make it the banner convention in the history of this society. Have they not done so? It has been a glorious convention, and we should not forget to voice in the strongest language our gratitude for it all. The entertainments, the conveniences for our exhibition and our meetings, the enjoyable ride today, the hospitalities extended to us and this 136 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION crowning entertainment up here in this cool park amid these delightful sur- roundings (and even if it does rain, that is sometimes better than sunshine at this time of the year) — how long these will last in our memories. Surely we have difficulty in finding words to tell our hosts how well we have enjoyed ourselves. It has been a great convention, and we will go away satisfied that we have done some work here. We have had some little differences, but under the soothing influence of these peaceful scenes, we are going away with every- thing cleared up, with malice toward none and charity for all. That is the spirit we carry away from Philadelphia ; and during the coming year we can look back with pleasure upon our visit and look forward with bright anticipa- tions to Niagara Falls next year. I thank our brethren of Philadelphia, on behalf of the society, for all they have done for us, and assure them that our hearts are full of gratitude. (Cheers.) 'Mr. Farquhar, chairman of the committee on final resolutions, then presented the report of that committee as follows : It is resolved that the thanks of the society be extended to the Penn- sylvania Horticultural Society and to the Florists' Club of Philadelphia, their presidents and other officers, for their splendid work in connection with this convention. Resolved, that the thanks of the society be tendered to the Mayor of Philadelphia for his interest in our visit. Resolved, that the society thanks the ladies of Philadelphia for their efforts to contribute to the comfort and pleasure of the visiting ladies. Resolved, that Mr. Wm. F. Dreer is warmly thanked by the society for the elaborate arrangements made by him and his able manager, Mr. J. D. Eisele, for the members of the society and their ladies to visit the Dreer establishment at Riverton. Resolved, that J. Otto Thilow is thanked for his interesting illus- trated lecture. Resolved, that the Committee on Sports receive the thanks of the society for their entertainment in the lines of bowling and shooting. Resolved, that the superintendent of the trade exhibits is tendered the thanks of the society for his able management of that department. Resolved, that we also thank the press of Philadelphia for the recog- nition and support it has so generously given our convention. James Dean, Chairman. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 137 On motion of Mr. J. C. Vaughan, seconded by Mr. E. G. Hill, the resolutions were adopted by a rising vote as an expression of the sentiments of all present. FOURTH DAY EVENING. Friday, Aug. 23, 1907. The convention reassembled in the room of the local club at 8:30 P. M.; President Stewart in the chair. THE LATE THOMAS MEEHAN. Mr. Robt. Craig presented and read a memorial, prepared by W. G. P. Brinckloe, in honor of the well-known scientist and horti- ist, the late Thomas Meehan, of Philadelphia. It was as follows : There came to Philadelphia about the year 1856 a young Englishman, who procured a situation with Robert Buist, Sr. His intelligent look and able papers in the press and before the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society at once attracted attention. He soon became in demand by gentlemen having country residences, for the improvement of their places. Mr. Caleb Cope secured him, and "Springbrook" was soon noted far and wide for its superior landscape beauties In 1858 his abilities attracted the attention of Mr. D. Rodney King, of "Wissahickon Heights," and as the "Horticulturist" had been sold to parties in New York, Mr. K. began the publication of the "Gardeners' Monthly" in Philadelphia and installed this young man as editor. The first number was issued in October, 1859. Mr. King continued its publication until 1862. It was then continued by W. G. P. Brinckloe ..ntil 1868, and by Brinckloe & Marot until February, 1872, when Mr. Marot became sole publisher and continued until his death in 1891, when the magazine was merged into "The Florist" of New York. In all the time of its publication, it was edited by one man and never a line was inserted in its pages without his consent and approbation. 138 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION This young man soon became the proprietor of a nursery. Fiom a nursery, horticultural and fioricultural grounds and buildings succeeded, until his name spread far and wide over this broad land. His ability and skill aided Chas. Miller in landscaping the Centennial grounds. They aided Wm. Saunders in ornamenting Washington. Central Park tells of his wondrous power, as do many other public grounds of the country. He became a learned, acute and judicious scientist, a profound botanist, a distinguished pomologist, floriculturist, horticulturist and arboriculturist. He lectured on his favorite subjects from Maine to California, and was an hon- ored and distinguished member of this society for many years. He became an honored and distinguished citizen of Philadelphia and was sent by his ward, for a number of years, to common and select councils, where he was ever zealous for the advancement of his constituents' interests, and has left among them an honorable and enduring name and fame. He has died since the last meeting of this society in Philadelphia (Octo- ber, 1903). He left a widow, four sons and two daughters, with a host of friends, to mourn his loss, and I submit this brief sketch in honor of his memory. That man was Thomas Median. W. G. P. Brixckloe. Mr. Craig spoke of Mr. Meehan as a noble and talented man, who rendered considerable service to the City of Philadelphia, and who was known all over the world as a scientist and horticulturist. INVITATIONS. Secretary Hauswirth announced the receipt of a communica- tion from A. H. Fetterolf, president of Girard College, inviting the members to visit that institution, which had only arrived today. On motion of Mr. H. B. Beatty, the secretary was instructed to acknowledge receipt with thanks. The secretary read a letter from the Jamestown Exposition au- thorities, asking whether they would have the support of the S. A. F. in their movement for a chrysanthemum show at the exposition during the latter part of November. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 139 On motion of Mr. O'Mara, the secretary was requested to re- ply that the resources and energies of the S. A. F. are enUsted in behalf of a National Flower Show next year and it is not free to take part in any other enterprise. The secretary presented a letter from a Philadelphia associa- tion asking for co-operation in an effort to secure a higher moral tone in the conduct of the public press. On motion of Mr. P. O'Mara, the communication was laid on the table as not of immediate interest. INVESTIGATION OF STANDARD POTS. The secretary read a letter from Ex-President W. N. Rudd, of Chicago, stating that for several years the pot men have been changing moulds until there is hardly such a thing in the market as a standard pot ; that scarcely two moulds of pots will nest, and the breakage is something frightful. The writer suggested that the standard measurements be looked up, that a determined effort be made to bring the pot men into line, that all pots exhibited at the convention be measured and no award allowed on any that are not standard. President Stewart suggested the appointment of some mem- bers to examine samples of pots in some systematic way and ascertain the cause of complaint. On motion of Mr. H. B. Beatty, the president was authorized to appoint a committee of three to investigate the matter and report next year. Messrs. Robt. Craig, John Birnie and F. E. Palmer were subse- quently appointed as the committee. PROVISION FOR EXHIBITORS. Mr. W. W. Castle stated that exhibitors of plants and green- house appHances in the trade display incurred considerable expense I40 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION ill forwarding their exhibits. He thought that gentlemen who con- tributed to enhance interest in the convention were entitled to con- sideration, and therefore he offered the following: Kesolved, that in future conventions the second day of the meeting shall be known as Exhibitors' Day, and no programme which will tend to divert attention or interest from exhibits shall be allowed upon that day. President Stewart suggested that the resolution might con- flict with the by-laws providing for the nomination of officers on that day. On motion of Mr. J. C. Vaughan the matter was referred to the Executive Board. APPROPRIATIONS BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Secretary Hauswirth stated that, at the morning session, he had been requested by a member to report, for general information, the expenditures made by the executive board since the last meet- ing of the convention, and accordingly read the minutes of the ex- ecutive committee to the following effect : Empowering the president to appear before the Interstate Commerce Commission, at the hearing in the case of the United State Express Company, and providing that the expenses of the hearing be paid by the society in a sum not exceeding $75. Appropriating $75 in the matter of a badge book — as to which a report was made that it could not be procured for that amount. Appropriating $100 to the Council of Horticulture. Recommending for approval an appropriation to pay the expenses in- curred in the litigation with the United States Express Company. Recommending that an annual appropriation, not to exceed $3,500, be made to cover general expenses for the ensuing year. President Stewart, in explaining the latter item, said that it was intended as an experiment, and as the beginning of a change SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS I4I in the society's method of bookkeeping^: ; the object being to get a better idea of the annual expenditures. Mr. H. B. Beatty, in opposing the recommendation, asked what was the use or benefit of appropriating a general amount to cover expenditures that could not be estimated. He said that Congress and other governmental bodies made annual appropriations in ad- vance of requirements, but the moneys so appropriated were for specific purposes. He thought this was not applicable in the case of the S. A. F., as its expenses for an ensuing year could not be fore- seen or determined with any accuracy. He said he thought that if the members would look at the financial statements for the pre- ceding three or four years they would realize this fact. He asked how could a $3,500 appropriation in advance help the treasurer in determining as to what amounts he was to allow for particular purposes. He referred to the disparity in the figures reported by the secretary for the same items in dififerent years and, in this connection, mentioned the cost of printing the convention proceed- ings, which in 1895 was reported as $40, while in the previous year it was over $400. He explained that the books of the treas- urer were closed on the 31st of December and that the report made to the society was only up to that date. Consequently if the totals of certain expenditures were not then reported, the balances were carried over to the following year. Mr. E. G. Hill said he questioned the propriety of appropriat- ing money to pay for something that was not specified. He thought the society should have a statement of what the money was to be paid for before making the appropriation. ^Ir. James Deaji : Mr. President, I consider that we would be very poor business men if we adopted any such proposition as the one before us unless it could be shown specifically what the money was to l)e used for. Mr. Wm. F. Gude: ^Ir. President, I do not see the use of all this. The by-laws fix the salary of the secretary, and we would appropriate in advance for only six months to come. I see no need of any appropriation whatever. 142 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Mr. J. G. Esler ofifered the following: Resolved, That the Executive Committee be instructed to present here- after, to the S. A. F., classified appropriations annually for the approval of the society. Mr. Beatty: Mr. President, I want to speak to the question. I ask whether the gentlemen are going to tell us what it is going to cost us next j-ear to take the Executive Committee to Niagara Falls, when we do not know who the additional members are? We do not know what it is going to cost to print the society's book next year or what Mr. Hauswirth is going to spend for postage in a year. Sometimes it is one thing and sometimes another. The discussion here closed and the convention proceeded to vote, when Mr. Esler's motion was adopted. The convention then took up the recommendation of the ex- ecutive committee, that $100 be appropriated to defray expenses incurred in the recent prosecution of the United States Express Company. President Stewart, replying to inquiries, explained that, at its first meeting last year, the executive committee was applied to by members of the society for relief from oppressive charges imposed upon them by the express company. The committee instructed the president of the S. A. F. to present the case to the Interstate Com- merce Commission, at Washington, and appropriated $50 in con- nection therewith. At the hearing of the case the express company was represented by able legal talent, and it was necessary for an at- torney to appear in behalf of the society, and one was employed by the president of the society at a cost of $150. The society won its case and secured a favorable decision upon the question. At its recent meeting the executive committee recommended an appropria- tion of $100 (making the total $150) to cover the attorney's fee. There were additional expenses for the mileage of witnesses, etc., but these were defrayed by the litigants in New Jersey, who had been benefited. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 143 Mr. \\\ \\\ Castle moved that the action of the executive committee be ratified and the full appropriation of $150 approved. Mr. J. C. Vaughan: I am not very familiar with this question, but I am advised that this was done, or proved to be, for the benefit of some indi- vidual shippers and that the rate secured at one certain point was reduced, but tliat at a point two miles away there was no reduction. Therefore it seems today that there are some twelve shippers profiting by the money paid out b}' this society. I am voicing the opinion of your treasurer, who is rather nervous about this matter, and to whom I suggested that he leave the statement of it to me, and I have taken the liberty of making that statement. I would say that, in his opinion, this being a saving for a certain shipping point and not for a class, that it is up to those twelve individuals who are today saving forty cents on every hundred pounds, to pay this money rather than that payment should be made out of our treasury. I wish to say, on behalf of the treasurer, that if you pay this out of the funds of the society, for the benefit of those particular individuals in one single town, you do it over his serious and most earnest protest. Mr. E. V. Hallock: The treasurer stated his views to me about as Mr. Vaughan has stated them ; and he seemed to be very earnest in expressing his views. Mr. J. G. Esler suggested that if the victory over the express company did not benefit the society and if neither it nor the ship- pers paid the bill, the attorney would probably sue somebody. President Stewart replied that no suit would be necessary, as he would then consider himself responsible for the amount. yiv. Geo. C. Watson said he thought that the society's success- ful fight against a big corporation had been conducted in a most admirable manner, and he regarded the moral efifect of it as bene- ficial to florists throughout the whole country. He argued that it was only by bringing a test case that great abuses could be cor- rected, and that ordinarily this was undertaken by a few aggrieved individuals. He was unwilling to tolerate the idea of permitting the president of the society personally to pay the attorney's fee. The society ought to pay it. 144 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Mr. W. F. Kasting said he felt satisfied that the decision of the Interstate Commerce Commission would prove a great gain to the society and would eventually benefit its members to the amount of thousands of dollars. He thought that shippers would not have half as much trouble as in the past, but would readily get justice if they appealed to the commission. He explained that, at the hearing of the case, the president of the S. A. F., who was placed upon the stand, made a grand witness and that it was mainly upon his tes- timony that the fight was won. In view of what the express com- pany paid its legal representative, he thought the fee in question was a very reasonable one. Mr. W. F. Gude expressed the opinion that, regardless of whether any good result was accomplished, the society was responsi- ble for the expense incurred. Mr. John K. M. L. Farquhar spoke of the impossibility of de- termining the expenses of litigation in advance. He said it was for this reason the committee voted only $50, instead of a larger sum, in the first instance. The president of the society, by his excellent management of the case, was victorious over a powerful organization, and his victory was greater than it now seemed to be, because, while the express company was ignoring the spirit of the decision and resorting to technicalities to evade it, they would ul- timately be compelled to carry it out. The ruling of the commission would then be made to apply generally. Mr. J. C. Vaughan explained, on behalf of Treasurer Beatty, that that gentleman's objection to paying the bill was not merely because it was for something that a few individuals and not the whole society received the benefit of, but because the appropria- tion for it had been made irregularly. The discussion here closed, and Mr. Castle's motion was car- ried. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS I45 DISSEMINATION OF HORTICULTURAL INFORMATION THROUGH THE PRESS. Mr. John K. M. L. Farquhar submitted the following: '''Moved that the National Council of Horticulture, in consid- eration of any money it may receive from the S. A. F. & O. H. for the purpose of publishing articles giving information, which shall be chiefly cultural, on horticultural subjects, shall submit such articles to a committee on publication consisting of two delegates of this society to the National Council of Horticulture (to be ap- pointed by the president) for approval or revisal before they are published. "It is further moved that six copies of each article paid for in whole or in part with funds contributed by this society, as finally approved by the aforesaid committee, be filed with our secretary immediately upon their being distributed by the National Council of Horticulture. Mr. J. C. Vaughan: The plan of the National Council is to have two representative, prominent men from each interest and to have them and their associates, if they can, prepare the articles. Not a dollar has been paid to any one for the preparation of articles; the money is paid out for postage, mailing and the clerical work necessary. Not a dollar has been paid to any member of the committee for the articles themselves. If it is the wish of the society that, in the expenditure of this $200, part, shall be paid for paid articles, it would be an excellent thing. I am inclined to support Mr. Farquhar's motion. You have now two members of the S. A. F. in that council, to take care of the interests of the florists — ex-presidents Kasting and Craig — who are good men and true. The motions were carried. Mr. W. F. Kasting explained that he had been previously ap- pointed as one of the delegates to the National Council (Mr. Craig being the other), and he now tendered his resignation as such, be- cause his time would be largely occupied with the National Flower Show. 146 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION On motion of Mr. E. \\ Hallock, the society accepted the res- ignation with thanks to Mr. Kasting- for his services. President Stewart (complying with the suggestions of Messrs. Hallock, A'aughan and Kasting) appointed Mr. Farqnhar to fill the vacancy. ( The appointees therefore are ^Messrs. Craig and Far- qnhar.) Mr. Farquhar, in accepting the appointment, said that he was pretty busily occupied ; that he would try to attend to the work, in co-operation with ]\Ir. Craig; and that if he did not have time to go over all the articles he would call upon other members for assist- ance. ADJOURNMENT. President Stewart (at the close of the session) spoke of the pa- tience and kindness of the delegates in their treatment of the chair. He said the sessions had been full of interest and that, under con- siderable stress at times, the members had always given the presid- ing officer their attention and help when he called for it. He con- tinued : This may be my only opportunity to thank you all for your close attention to business and your kindly consideration for the chair in his experience as presiding officer at this twenty-third con- vention. Mr. E. V. Hallock : Fellow members, our president has had patience, too, and an abundance of it, at times ; and I think it ap- propriate for us to express, by a vote of thanks to him, our appre- ciation of his sound judgment and excellent management of business throughout our sessions. I make a motion to that effect. The motion (on which a vote was taken by Secretary Haus- wirth ) was adopted unaniniously. The business of the convention having been completed, on mo- tion of Mr. Jas. Dean (at 10:45 o'clock P. M.) the convention ad- journed sine die. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS I47 REPORTS OF STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS FOR 1907 COLORADO. I liave tlie honor to report that advices from all sections of the state indicate a good business among the florists of Colorado for the year just ending-, although prices have not advanced in proportion to the advance in other lines and tlie increase in wages. There has been a disposition on the part of one or two retailers, especially in Denver, to increase the volume of sales by offering flowers at prices that are below the market, but this course seems to have had no effect on the general level of prices and it seems doubtful whether price cutting can be looked to as a means for securing a permanent increase in trade. There has been a decided increase in the quantity of plants used for bedding and in porch boxes, and sales have probably averaged to be at profitable prices although there is a great lack of uniformity both in prices and in the quality of plants sold. There has been a considerable increase in the number of small green- houses started in interior towns, but there have not been many extensive additions to the glass area of the state except in Denver, where the increase in new glass has been quite material; and this has been further increased by several places which wull now grow flowers where vegetables were formerly grown. It now looks as though the coming year might see a considerable glut of flowers at seasons when the crop is heavy and the demand light. There has been no increase in the membership of this society in this state, and distances are so great that no large attendance at conventions can be looked for except when the meeting is held as far west as Chicago. I am inclined to think, however, that Colorado can claim a larger membership in proportion to glass area than any other state. Respectfully, J. A. Valentine, State Vice President. CONNECTICUT. I have the pleasure to submit to your honorable body the condition of the florist and horticultural trade in this state. From what I can learn the business in this section for the past year has 148 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION been one of the best in its history for florists and horticulture in general, cut flowers, such as roses, carnations, lilies, violets and chrysanthemums, have found a ready market at first-class prices, potted flowering plants being also in demand at any time during the winter. The demand for bedding plants is increasing every year, and there has been a decided shortage felt in this section for this class of plants, every- thing being sold at an early date. Nurserymen report a decided increase in sales of flowering shrubs, ever- greens, roses and perennial flowering plants. At present there is a great deal of greenhouse building going on, which should further prove the general prosperity of the trade. The Hartford Florist Club having merged its interests with The Con- necticut Horticultural Society, should be better enabled to bring its good work in contact with the general public, and with their generous support and that of the state should in the near future hold its place among the leading horticultural societies. In concluding, I regret to report the death of one of our most progres- sive florists, James Young. Mr. Young has been in business in Hartford for the past ten years and during that time has established a flne business. Yours respectfully, Peter Zuger, State Vice President. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. It affords me pleasure to submit the following report to your honorable body, of the doings of the craft during the past year: I am pleased to state that from all indications and appearances, the active florists in this vicinity have enjoyed one of the most prosperous years since they have been in business; this applies to both growers of flowers and retail florists. Our local florists' club is in a sound and flourishing condition. The meetings are well attended and always interesting. While there has not been much new glass erected, the glass already in existence has been, in most cases, thoroughly remodeled and put in condition to produce the best results. Several new names have been added to the list of florists in the past twelve months, while none to my knowledge have given up the business. Among the retail stores, all report an active, prosperous season. There were several changes during the past year and several additions to those already engaged in business. The use of flowering plants in preference to cut flowers at holiday seasons has, as in previous years, been on the increase. A demand is also noticeable in made-up plant baskets and hampers. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS I49 The school gaitlen work of this city, which is a great benefit to all the florists throughout the country, has, as in previous years, been kept up and puslied forwaid under the tutorship of INliss Susan B, Sipe, and indeed slioukl be encouraged by all. The local florists' club awarded several medals to the best kept school gardens last season, which was an incentive to spur on the children of the various schools to see who could produce the best results. Again I am pleased to report that at the last session of Congress an aj)- propriation of one thousand dollars for children's school gardens was renewed, with the result that our indefatigable worker, Miss Susan B, Sipe, has kept throughout the season a garden spot of one acre in the Agriculture Depart- ment grounds a busy and interesting scene, in addition to all the other school gardens in the District of Columbia. In our large and extensive city parks additions were made, and wonder- ful improvements have been noted dviring the past season, particularly along the Potomac River front. The annual convention of the American Rose Society v.as lield in this city March 13-14, 1907, at which a creditable exhibition was given in the Washington Light Infantry Armory Hall, which was largely attended by the florists of Washington and the public at large. On the evening of March 14th, at the Arlington Hotel, a banquet was given at which a large number of members and representatives of the Amer- ican Rose Society were present together with their ladies. It was pronounced one of the most successful meetings the society has held in years, and was very favorably commented on by the local press and others. On July 25th, 1907, the annual celebration of the Wasliington Florists' Club was held at Great Falls of the Potomac, a most enchanting and pic- turesque spot. The outing was participated in by some two liundred mem- bers, wives and children, and was voted the most successful afl'air ever held by the local florists. This gathering did much towards cementing the good fellowship and interests of the Washington florists, one toward another. With the sincere hope that my successor may be al)]e to make as encouraging report in the future as I have conscientiously made at this writing, I remain. Respectfully yours, Wm. H. Erxest, State Vice President. GEORGIA. As State Vice President for Georgia, I herewith submit my report : The increase in the florist business in Georgia has been very material during the past year, especially for cut flowers, and I am pleased to report that the florists are producing a better article than ever before. The general complaint with the florists and nurserymen is lack of intelli- gent labor. The negro is becoming more and more unreliable. They work, on 150 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION an average, about three or four days in each week. The majority of them seem to care only to earn a sufficient amount of money to keep their stomachs full. The labor problem with the florists in the South is a very serious matter. In several of the cities in this state there are fine openings for florists. During the winter tourist season there is an insufficient supply of flowers produced in several sections of the state, and the shortage has to be supplied from the East. Xotwithstanding the serious drawback from a labor standpoint, the florist and nursery business is rapidly forging ahead in this state. A healthful sign is the unprecedented demand for landscape work. Many of the to^ms and cities haA'e established civic leagues, and the streets are being parked and trees planted, and a number of new parks are being made in different sections of the state. Private estates are being beautified in an up-to-date manner. I have written a personal letter to every florist and nurseryman in the state of Georgia, and have urged them to affiliate with the S. A. F., and quite a number of them have signified their intention of joining the asso- ciation, and promise to be on hand at the meeting. L. A. Berckmans, State Vice President. ILLIXOIS— XORTH. Flourishing conditions prevailed throughout this section of the state, and the trade in general can safely be credited with an increase of about 20 per cent over last year. Two million feet of glass is a rough estimate of increase during past year. Crops have been good, prices satisfactory, and prospects for the future look very bright. Membership in our society, I think, is very satisfactory, but hope for a large increase at time of the national flower show in the fall of 1908. From various sources of information I have been able to gather the following: Early Easter and a cloudy winter made pot plants not over abundant : the grower who was fortunate enough to have plants in quality and quantity secured good prices. Bedding stock was very backward and some difficulty was had in securing plants "up to size" for earl}^ planting. In perennials and shrubberj" there was a decided increase in business, that line being very active and good prices obtained. The flower show held in Chicago was again a success. This is one of the best advertising mediums we have, and to it we attribute much of the success of trade locally. We are justly proud of the Chicago Florists' Club, which is very active and has had a prosperous year and is doing good work. The outlook for business seems very bright. Geobge Asmus, State Vice President. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS I5I ILLINOIS— SOUTH. As State Vice President for Illinois, South, I am pleased to make the follow ing report : The great majoiity of the tradf is well |)leased with its business the past year, a reasonable increase being the general rule. Two years ago the florists of the state organized a state society of florists. Last February, a very successful meeting was held at Bloomington, Illinois, with about seventy-five members present. One of the main features of the convention was the exhibits in cut flowers, many of the new varieties tliat are claiming the attention of florists being shown. There were also excel- lent exhibits of supplies, greenhouse material, pottery, plants, etc. A great deal of interest was shown, and Springfield was chosen as the place to hold the next annual convention. Through the efforts of the state society, and by the hard work of some of its members, we have succeeded in getting the state to appropriate $7,500.00 annually for two years, "for the purpose of discovering and demonstrating the best methods of producing plants, cut flowers and vegetables under glass, and the most effective remedies for disease and insect enemies of the same ; to investigate and demonstrate the best varieties and methods of producing ornamental trees, shrubs and plants for public and private grounds in the various soils and climatic conditions of the state, and to disseminate infor- mation regarding the same," the work to be carried on under the supervision of the Director of the Agricultural Experiment Station, and an advisory com- mittee of five appointed by the Illinois State Florists' Association. The executive committee of the State Florists' Association have elected the following as the advisory committee : J. C. Vaughan, Chicago ; F. J. Heinl, Jacksonville; W. X. Rudd, ]\Iorgan Park; C. D. Gallantine, ]\Iorrison, and F. J. Ammann, Edwardsville. The committee met and organized, electing W. X. Rudd secretary. Dean Davenport, Director of the Agricultural Ex- periment Station, is chairman by virtue of his office. Three thousand dollars of the first year's appropriation was set aside for buildings, the rest to be used in field work. The first work will be to investi- gate thrip and other insects and diseases under glass. It is hoped that the legislature will extend and increase this appropriation at its next session. Statistics compiled by Prof. A. C. Real, of the State L^niversity, show that last year the investment in commercial floriculture in the state was nearly $9,000,000.00, and the output was valued at wholesale at $3,600,000.00. Frank L. Wasiiburx, State Vice President. IOWA. From many letters received in response to inquiries sent out, covering nearly all parts of the state, I find a decided increase in the florists' trade, 152 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION both in cut flowers and plants, also an increased demand for hardy plants, shrubs and climbers, the increase in flowers being as high as fifty to eighty per cent in some cases, although prices have not advanced to any extent, as they have in most other lines of trade. The cold, late spring this year retarded planting out, but the frequent rains encouraged planting till late in July. There has been a comparatively small amount of new glass put up, probably on account of the scarcity and high price of labor and some of the building material. Some talk of producing higher grade stock instead of increasing their glass area, which will doubtless do more to raise prices than anything else. Very fcAV Iowa florists talk of going to the Philadelphia meeting, but a good many talk of going to the State Florists' meeting to be held in Des Moines during the State Fair, August 23-30. Few losses from hail, wind or flood are reported. W. A. Habkett, State Vice President. I^^NSAS. Business conditions in Kansas are extremely good and our florists are enjoying their full share of this wonderful prosperity with which our state is blessed. Our continued enormous product of the land, selling at high prices, permits a larger expenditure for luxuries, which finds expression in the pur- chase of flowers for decoration and of plants, shrubs, etc., for the embellishment of public and private parks and estates. I regret to state that the fraternal spirit among our florists, as expressed in organization, is still quite dormant, but the hope is entertained that with a continuance of the present prosperous atmosphere it will soon start into growth. Respectfully submitted, Oscar Roehr, State Vice President. KENTUCKY. Business during the past year, both for the retailer and the grower, has shown a very healthy increase. Prices received, during the year, show a slight increase, also a decided firmness, which has been especially gratifying to the grower. Interest in the Kentucky Society of Florists has been increasing steadily, and our society will be most creditably represented at Philadelphia. The interest in the S. A. F. and O. H. does not show the increase that your Vice President for Kentucky would like, but the majority of the annual members have renewed and one or two life members have been added. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 153 Gieenliouse building in Kentucky shows a very creditable increase, but we have not yet near so much glass as could be profitably used, especially around Louisville, and more so, since a wholesale and commission house has been opened there. Louisville is the gateway of the South and the natural point from which all Southern business should be transacted. Your Vice President is most sorry that he could not meet with you this year, but circumstances over which he had no control compel him to make this one of the few conventions he has missed since the Toronto meeting. Fraternally submitted, August R. Baumer, State Vice President. LOUISIANA. I am pleased to submit the following report as to the progress of horticulture in our state, and principally in our city of New Orleans. Our last winter, while it was not severe, was a big drawback to our florists, they having been stocked with spring bedding plants, and as most of those did not get killed during the winter they could hardly dispose of them at a fair price. In the southern part of the country wdiere many plants grow out of doors, and roses and oiher flowers bloom without intermission the whole year around, with the exception of midwinter, the demand has not been as good as in previous years. Decorations for weddings and other social functions are on the increase, and our florists are keeping up with the times in having a good supply of decorative stock on hand. They are kept busy especially during the social season. In landscape gardening there is no improvement, as the archi- tect, as usual, and the jobber, under the direction of the owner, or architect, does the executing and planting. Great interest in taken in chrysanthemums, and many thousands are grown every year by florists and private people as well. Having just come back from a trip to Europe, I find that there could be a suggestion made for our florists by trying to advocate the planting of window boxes, which I found ^^•ere very extensively used in France and Germany. Ivy geraniums, Paris daisies, vinca, fuchsias and zonal geraniums are mostly used, and they really make a beautiful show. All this could be done here, if it was introduced in the proper way. On the w'hole, the business is not standing still but is steadily advancing, and we trust that it will keep on doing so. With best wishes for the future of our calling, I remain, Respectfully, M. Cook, State Vice President. 154 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION MARYLAND. The year just closed will be remembered in this state as one of unusual activity in all lines pertaining to the florists' business, the general expression of opinion being that the increase in business was from 15 to 25 per cent, varjing with localities. The extremely wet, cold spring necessitated late planting of all green- house and garden plants, and in many cases replantings, the first plantings being frozen, with the result that the planting and bedding season covered a much longer period than usual, and the volume of business done in this branch w^as very much to the satisfaction of all concerned. The demand for good cut flowers seems to be steadily on the increase. The bulk* of this traffic passes from the growers' hands through the Florists' Exchange of Baltimore, and is distributed by this vigorous and rapidly grow- ing concern to .the retailers throughout the city, as well as to a large and increasing shipping trade throughout this and adjoining states. The Exchange has now been located for nearly a year in its own new and spacious quarters at the corner of St. Paul and Franklin streets. The stockholders and directors of this socialistic concern are all representative florists, and its steady, vigorous growth, from its inception to the present time, speaks volumes for the good business judgment and acumen of our florists. The credit for the immediate management, however, falls to the genial and efficient manager, Mr. J. J. Perry. The almost phenomenal success of the last few years is very iargelj^ due to his careful eye and good judgment. The holiday and Easter trade was brisk and everything was cleaned up at good prices. Decoration Day this year furnished a surprise for most florists, as, owing to the backward spring, very few out-of-door flowers were to be had, and all classes of blooming stock brought good prices, without enough to go around. No large additions wall be made by any florists of this state to their area of glass this season, but a number are making some improvements either in rebuilding on in increasing the efficiency of their heating plants. Hail during the earl}^ part of the summer did considerable damage to glass and growing crops in Baltimore and Anne Arundel counties. The season has been characterized also by many severe electrical storms and freshets, causing much damage in various parts of the state. Carnations, as a rule, out of doors are looking better than a year ago, and give promise of correspondingly better results. Florists, generally, throughout the state seem to have gotten a share of the prosperous times, as no failures have been reported. Business seems generally healthy, and the outlook good. William Weber, State Vice President. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 155 MASSACHUSETTS— EAST. It is with pleasure that I present herewith a brief report of horticultural pio_<>ress in Eastern INIassachusetts during the past year. From my various sources of information and comparison, I cannot. re})ort trade conditions as favorable or as prosperous as in the previous year. While on the whole the past year may be considered an average one, the severity of the past winter and the lack of sunshine during the early spring- has had a material eflfect on the volume of business transacted. "Jlie tightness of the money market the past year has also affected the retailer as well as the commercial grower, and both have experienced some very slow collections, which is a decided handicap in the conducting of any business. Easter coming so early, found many of the growers with their stock not ready for market, while those fortunate enough to have their bloom ready were able to realize good prices. Not only the early date of Easter, but the preceding weeks of cloudy w^eather, had a decided effect on the quality, as well as the quantity of marketable stock. The season for pot plants and bedding stock was a most backward one, although I believe more than an average local crop was grown and in most cases satisfactory prices realized. The seed trade, as reported by several of the leading merchants, has been up to former years, although the season has been a long-drawn-out one. The season for this class of goods opened as usual, but the bulk of the business Avas done fully a month later than in previous years. In perennials and shrubbery the trade report a decided increase. The season has seen some changes in the ownership and management of several establishments and one or two new commercial places have made a start in a small way. An average amount of new glass has been erected in Eastern Massachusetts, and many of the older establishments have been put in modern condition, both on commercial, places and private estates, but there has been no particular boom in this line. I am justl\' proud of the Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Boston, which now has a membership of over 350 and today is one of the foremost clubs of its kind in the United States. I would especially mention the good work this club is doing in the way of promoting harmony and good fellowship among its members, as well as the valuable information and knowledge obtained l\v attending its meetings. The classes in landscape gardening insti- tuted by the club may be mentioned as one of the many opportunities offered its members. The outlook in nearly all lines of business at this time is less favorable than a year ago, but the prospect for an average year for the florist is par- ticularly bright, E. L. PiEECE, State Vice President. 156 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION MICHIGAN— NORTH. In submitting this report I am very sorry to say, or even think, that owing to unavoidable conditions I am compelled to be one of the stay-at- homes from Avhat I hope will be the most successful con\'ention the S. A. F. ever held. From a commercial point of view, horticulture in upper Michigan has made a steady growth, having more than doubled the glass area in the past eight or ten years, all being well built, up-to-date houses. In spite of the long, cold spring, trade in general has been a vast im- provement over previous j^ears. The demand for first-class stock has been steadily increasing throughout the upper peninsula, until today few, if any, aim to grow anything but the best. Cut flowers are the principal products of all the growers, about two- thirds of the glass being devoted to carnations. Rose growing is one of the chief troubles of the Lake Superior grower. He who can combat the mildew which is prevalent two-thirds of the year, certainly earns all he can get for his stock. Owing to our short, cool summers, the plant business has been slow in developing, yet there is a wonderful improvement in the amount and class of bedding done in the past few years, due almost entirely to the efforts of the florists. Building operations this year are mostly confined to the iron and copper country. Respectfully submitted, Wm. E. F. Weber, State Vice President. MINNESOTA. During the past year Minnesota has kept up noticeably in horticultural lines. The strenuous motto of the state has found no better answer to it in any other line of business, than in the beautiful and uplifting work of horti- culture. This is a new country, and uytil a few years back, Ave did not have much time "'to put on frills," as they would say; we had to look too much to the more serious business of getting the necessities of life. Now, the country is growing, and florists and nurserymen are flourishing all over the state. They are bettering the already beautiful conditions of nature which prevail in the Northwest, and are now coming to be recognized, not only by the Northwest, but, also, by the eastern brothers of the craft, as a colony going right ahead and working out their problems in a very admirable man- ner. To come down to facts, Minnesota has now over a million square feet SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 157 of glass; 480,000 of which is found in Minneapolis, 250,000 in St. Paul, and the balance in the smaller towns. We have not experienced as much in- crease in building the past 3'ear as during the previous year, but, according to the plans of most growers, there will be a marked increase the coming summer. Nurserymen find this state particularly adapted to their craft, though they are handicapped, now and then, as this j^ear, by an unfavorable spring. Situated as we are, just west of Chicago, the great flower market, with good communicating facilities with the Northwest and Canada, given a good center, ISIinnesota has a great future before lier, from a horticultural stand- point, and, a few years hence, it will be putting forward one' of her cities to be quoted as the northwestern center. John Monson, State Vice President. MISSOURI. I hereby make the following report of Missouri for the previous year: Beginning with last fall, business started in well. Good stock was in demand and was bringing good prices. Owing to the very unfavorable weather which prevailed from Thanksgiving until after Christmas holidays, stock was in great demand all along, both in cut flowers and in flowering plants. As first-class stock could not be had at all times, a great deal of inferior stock from both w^ere sold. There was a slight lull in the trade after Christmas, because all stock had been forced hard and all had been disposed of. It was now time to begin working up the stock for the early Easter. The flowering plants for Easter were very scarce and we had to depend largely on the distant florists. They were called on for both plants and cut flowers. Prices were exceedingly strong Easter. The demand for stock and the prices kept steady until Deco- ration Day, which brought a large advance in prices. For Decoration Day everything was disposed of, as the cold weather and late frosts killed all the early outdoor blossoms. This past season looked very unsuccessful to the florists that handle bedding plants only, as spring was so late and their plants had begun to show the want of planting. This made things look blue to them, but I think, after all, I will be safe in saying that through this section they, as well as all other florists, will say this past year has been the best year in all their past experiences. The Kansas City floral stores have been using greater artistic decora- tions this year than during the previous years. This acts as a strong adver- tiser and attractor. With honest, pleasing clerks and attractive decorations, the business is much increased. The demand from the stores for plants to supply Easter and holiday 158 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION trades is constantly increasing. Therefore the growing florists must strive to furnish more good plants at these special times. The best stock at the best prices finds a ready market. Bulb stock was not up to the standard this year. Landscape gardening is not up to the average this year in Kansas City and the surrounding towns, as the plants were held so long in the houses before it was warm enough to plant outside that they were poor to start with, and the fact that they were not planted out until so late makes them poor in appearance for this time of the year. Porch and window boxes are being used more and more. The wealthy take pleasure in decorating their homes with these box flower gardens, and even among the poorer classes, there seems to be an increasing desire for flowers to be used in this way. In summing up I feel safe in saj'ing the florist business has increased 25 per cent in the past year, and it will continue to increase in the future as the population increases. Many new houses have been built and several in course at present and still more must needs be erected ere the ever increasing demand for flowers and plants is satisfied. Wishing all my fellow men success this year, and the years to come, we must trust in the giver of Xature in her many forms. Respectfully submitted, Geo. M. Kellogg, State Vice President. NEW HAMPSHIRE. I would state that business has been of a very satisfactory nature in- deed, everj'thing taken in consideration, the holiday plant trade having in- creased about fifty per cent. Cut flowers were very short during the winter months, great numbers having been sent in from [Massachusetts and Xew York States. Very little new glass is being put in this season, but several large vege- table growers have turned all their greenhouses to cut flowers and bedding plants, which hurts the small growers to a great extent. The early season has been the worst ever known. Hesperus, snowballs, Peonies, etc., usually in blossom on Decoration Day, did not bloom until about July 1st, However, the extreme hot weather we experienced the latter part of June makes things very nearly normal. Carnations and Violets in the fields are looking very nice, and the florists are now getting ready to house them. Tliere has been a great improvement in soutliern New Hampshire in regard to landscape gardening, many people taking a great interest who heretofore have neglected this part of the business. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 159 The weather of hist winter was extremely cold and the coal bills very heavy, but on the wOiole the florists of this state really have no cause to complain. Indications, at the present writing, point to a prosperous season for our growers. Yours respectfully, August Gaedeke, State Vice President. NEW JERSEY. The past year has not witnessed many changes in the florists' business in New Jersey. A healthy, steady growth is noted in most of the branches, and the indications are that this growth will continue. The wholesale grow- ers in the rose growing section have not done so well the past year, owing principally to the long-continued sunless weather we had in January and February. Production fell ofi* to such an extent that, though prices Avere good, the net return to the grower was less. The rapid development of northern New Jersey, particularly along the sea coast, calls for vast quantities of nursery stock and bedding plants, and florists handling these lines enjoyed by far the best season they have ever had. When the tunnels now being driven under the river to connect New York and New Jersey are completed, development will be even more rapid than it is at present, and the outlook from a horticultural point of view is decid- edly encouraging. Every commuter dreams of a garden, and most of them try to make one. The wise florist by catering to that particular element can create an almost boundless spring trade in bedding plants and vegetable stock. The number of large estates is increasing constantly. These in New Jersey represent the highest pinnacle of landscape and floricultural art. Employing as they do thousands of skilled men, these centers would supply a working force that would be irresistible in the march of progress, if the employes wei-e all welded together as members of the Society of American Florists. The number of local societies, all in good healthy growing condition, bears eloquent testimony to the importance of New Jersey from a horticul- tural standpoint. The amount of new glass going up is small, most of the growers con- tenting themselves with overhauling their present capacity and bringing it up to a higher degree of productiveness. Taking the season through I see no reason for the members of the profession in New Jersey to complain or feel pessimistic as to the future. Charles H. Totty, State Vice President. l6o PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION NEW YORK— EAST. It is my privilege to report to you the progress of the diflferent branches of Flora and Horticulture of the State of New York, East. I have, to sim- plify matters, made three divisions, as follows : 1st: Horticulture, comprising trees, shrubs and hardy plants. 2nd: Pot plants, grown under glass. 3rd: Cut flowers. 1st: This has been a most prosperous year for nursery grown stock of every description, and at excellent prices. There would have been 25 per cent more business done but for the adverse weather prevailing last spring. The outlook for the future is very good. 2nd: The plant growers had the most successful season ever seen; prices realized were from 10 to 25 per cent better than in former years, and easily maintained through more concerted action by the men interested in that branch of the business. 3rd: The cut flower growers, as a whole, have not fared so well, especially the rose growers, who have had a hard struggle on account of the severe winter weather experienced; neither have violets held their own in full, partly due to the enormous quantity shipped to this market. Chrysanthemums sold well. Carnations, considering the excellent flow- ers ofi'ered, the prices realized for sale leave not much margin for the grower under present conditions. There are considerable additions in the building line made throughout this territory, a good part of it to meet the demands of the local trade. Charles Lenker, State Vice President. OHIO— NORTH. Cut flowers have sold higher, with carnations leading. Growers find it difficult to produce carnations in the fore part of season. Geraniums and tender bedding plants sold slow^ly, caused by the backward spring. Growers' reports show they are well satisfied and that there is a tendency to grow specialties. One reports growing 60,000 cyclamen and could not supply the demand. The Philippine lily is reported to have merit. The number of retail florists has been added to^, with a tendency of those who grow to drop the growing and devote entire attention to store. Retailers complain some of the surplus stock (cut flowers mainljO which is retailed very low. Some contend flowers so sold will go to people who would not otherwise buy, creating a demand for artistic arrangements and therefore a benefit to florists. A limited area of glass has been erected by growers of cut flowers. Lettuce growers have added largely to their areas. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS l6l We find that local flower shows create much interest and without doubt are of great benefit to the florists. The cutworm has been very destructive both under glass and outside, in some parts, destroying the leaves on large geranium beds. How to increase the members among florists who do not attend I have not solved. G. Bayer, State Vice President. SOUTH CAROLINA. It gives me much pleasure to report a good year for the craft in South Carolina. Every branch of the business is steadily growing, more especially the demand for cut flowers during the winter season. The carnation is the flower and will outsell anything else. The call for good greenhouse grown roses is on the increase, but it is a common garden flower throughout the summer. Tlie single violet is a favorite border for every walk and flower bed, is much overdone as a border plant, and will flower from January until hot weather, according to the season. Cannas are never purchased but once, as they will remain in the garden over winter. More salvias and coleus are sold than any other bedding plant. The great drawback at present is help. The cry is, I cannot get any one to take care of my yard and what is the use to plant my flower beds. The South is growing very rapidly and there is work for all at good prices. For this reason it is hard to get help to attend to these small mat- ters. Charles A. Moss, State Vice President. WEST VIRGINIA. The past year has been more than a prosperous one for the florists of West Virginia. Reports from all sections show that the people of our moun- tain state are cultivating the taste for nature's most beautiful flora. With our wealth of natural products, includingy^imber, coal, natural gas, oil, good sized boroughs are springing up all over the state. There are many good locations in West Virginia for wide-awake florists. We have cities with twenty thousand inhabitants and not a foot of glass within flfty miles radius for the growing of cut flowers. With natural gas at 6c. per thousand feet, I would advise any young man who is just starting, or about to make a start in the florists' business, to visit our state and see for himself. You do not have to go outside of the state to purchase glass, as the manufacturing of glass is one of our main industries. Our experimental station, located at Morgantown, has become a very l62 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION important institution. They are dailj' making tests and experimenting along all lines of Horticulture. Their reports are of great value to all the craft. We have a State Horticultural Society that meets once a year. These meetings are very interesting, and attended from all parts of the state. Respectfully submitted, C. P. Dudley, State Vice President. WISCONSIN. I beg to submit the following report : The florists of this state appar- ently' are all very well satisfied with their trade during the past season. Prices held up remarkably well throughout the entire year, and the pros- pects for the coming year are fully as good, judging from the present sum- mer prices. There is a marked increased call for flowering plants at holidays and it is well that this is the case, as cut stock has been rather more than scarce at these times. Bedding stock was in good demand with a tendency to some- what better prices; however, it seems to me that with the general advance in all commodities that the florists ought to also advance the prices on bed- ding stock, etc., in order to ofi'set the increased cost of production. No very large additions have been made to greenhouse establishments, yet the total increase of glass is fully equal to any former season. The new additions are being erected in a much better manner than in past years. Evidently the growers realize that it pays to build houses in a good, sub- stantial way. The nursery men report a good call for their class of stock and as this is also handled to a large extent by florists, so it is another opening worth encouraging, for increasing profits. Milwaukee, the metropolis of this state, has done much to beautify the now existing public parks and boulevards, and with the contemplated pur- chase of several new additional parks and the making of a lake drive, will soon have a complete and beautiful system of drives and parks. Other cities in the state have also done much to their park systems. I have done all I could to ^t a large attendance at the convention in Philadelphia, but it seems that the florists here are loath to leave this cool climate for the reported hot weather of Philadelphia, although the reception there would no doubt more than offset this inconvenience. Yours respectfully, Fred. H. Holton, State Vice President. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 163 REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF TRADE EXHIBITION. Philadelphia, August 20th to 24th, 1907. RECEIPTS. Floor Space. Milton Adler $3.36 W. W. Rawson 15.00 Herendeen Mfg. Co. 8.82 The Florists' Exchange 7.56 Carrills & Baldwin 10.64 Lager & Hurrell 13.68 W. H. Moon Go 11.40 Conard & .Jones Co 12.16 W. A. Manda 23.40 F. R. Pierson Co 34.56 Julius Roehrs Co 46.08 John Le^Yis Childs , 22.32 Bobbink & Atkins 94.94 Benj. Hammond 18.00 Anders Rasmussen 6.72 Lemuel Ball 23.40 Altims Culture Co 3.36 Daniel B. Long 6.72 Fertilizer Products Co 4.00 A. H. Hews Co 1 1.40 C. S. Ford 8.80 Henry A. Dreer 160.52 Joseph Heacock '. . . . 39.56 Wm. J. Boas & Co 10.08 M. Rice & Co 23.00 Hummel & Downing 34.56 Schloss Bros 28.80 164 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Arthur Cowee 36.00 Edwards Folding Box Co 10.08 Foley Manufacturing Co 21.06 H. Bayersdorfer & Co 56.84 Frank L. Moore , 11.40 Bombay Reed Mfg. Co 12.16 A. T. Boddington 28.40 Beaulieu 3.36 C. J. Rainear Co 8.82 Chas. D. Ball 34.56 Godfrey Aschmann 15.20 Joseph G. Neidinger 18.24 Dayton Paper Novelty Co 11.40 Wm. C. Smith 6.72 Wm. K. Harris 18.18 American Florist Co 7.56 Reed & Keller 112.32 The Rose Co 5.04 Henry F. Michell Co 82.00 S. S. Pennock-Meehan Co 48.20 H. J. Smith 4.20 Tlie Advance Co 8.82 Wertheimer Bros 15.20 Whilldin Pottery Co 16.72 W. W. Castle 27.00 Kroeschell Bros. Co 23.00 Horticulture Publishing Co 11.72 Quaker City Rubber Co 8.24 Lord & Burnham Co 58.32 Vaughan's Seed Store 36.00 Edw. Amerpohl 6.72 James Vicks Sons 6.72 Oscar Smith & Sons Co 5.04 Keller Pottery Co 12.16 John C. Moninger Co 18.24 King Construction Co 30.24 Robert Kift 9.45 The Roseville Pottery Co 24.60 Robert Craig Co 87.00 Philadelphia Flag Co 20.00 J. Stern & Co 48.20 Total Receipts Floor Space $1,707.97 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 1 65 RECEIPTS. Signs. Holt & Schober Co $4.80 M. Rice & Co 16.00 Arthur T. Boddington 12.80 The Florists' Review 4.80 S. S. Pennoek-Meehan Co 8.00 John Breitmeyer's Sons 10.00 Kroesehell Bros. Co. 5.00 Leo Niessen Co 62.00 Total Receipts for Signs $123.40 EXPENSE. Rent of Exhibition Hall $600.00 Rent of Convention Hall 350.00 Printing 9.75 Telephone Service 75.00 Lumber 126.20 Signs 11.40 Labor 123.96 Carpenter 47.25 Hauling rubbish 10.50 Tools, nails, etc 8.33 Stationery 5.55 Engraving 13.85 Rent of Vases 16.00 Rent of Typewriter 5.50 Advt. in Trade Papers 18.00 Ice 2.50 Telegram .65 Stamps 9.00 $1,433.44 TOTAL RECEIPTS. Floor Space $1,707.97 Signs ' 123.40 $1,831.37 l66 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION TOTAL EXPENSE. General Expenses $1,433.44 Superintendent's Commission 183.13 Balance Profits 214.80 $1,831.37 DIVISION OF PROFIT. Society of American Florists $107.40 Florists' Club of Philadelphia 107.40 $214.80 Respectfully submitted, David Rust, Superintendent. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 167 THE BOWLING CONTESTS. Philadelphia. 1st Robertson 192 Yates 151 Dodds 125 Pontes 164 Connor 166 Totals 798 2d 3d Total 195 138 525 191 151 493 158 178 461 173 172 509 140 159 465 857 798 2,453 Baltimore. 1st Richmond 178 Boone 119 Perry 131 Lehr 144 Seybold 133 Totals 705 2d 3d Total 175 161 514 132 162 413 154 144 429 119 131 394 185 192 520 756 790 2,260 Washington. 1st Cooke 186 Shaffer 137 Simmonds 167 McLennan 156 Ernst 142 Totals 788 2d 3d Total 167 127 480 153 168 458 139 162 468 115 127 398 113 114 369 687 698 2,173 1 68 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Chicago. 1st Hauswirth 144 Bergman 117 Olsem 164 Winterson 134 Asmus 129 Totals 688 2d 3d Total 124 157 425 144 137 398 168 172 504 158 132 424 125 146 400 719 744 2151 Cleveland. 1st Hart 121 Petecost 107 Kelly 132 Schmidt 112 Graham . 173 Totals 645 2d 3d Total 168 154 443 135 118 360 130 106 368 186 122 420 187 160 520 806 660 2,111 New York. 1st O'Mara 146 Manda 141 Kessler 167 Thielman 137 Duckham 139 Totals 730 2d 3d Total 143 98 387 120 131 392 97 143 407 146 141 424 198 133 470 704 646 2,080 Detroit. 1st Brown 136 Rahley 99 Stahelin 92 Pochelon 82 Helmer 141 Totals 550 2d 3d Total 117 107 360 119 132 350 92 113 297 123 115 320 127 158 426 578 625 1,753 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS I69 TEAM PRIZES. Whilldin Cup, 1st prize, Philadelphia 2,453 Miehell Trophy, 2d prize, Baltimore 2,260 Silver Cup, 3d prize, Washington 2,173 Kasting Cup, High Single Game, Philadelphia 857 Philadelphia Cup, High Total Score (Philadelphia excluded), Baltimore. 2,260 High individual game in team contest, Wm. Duckham, 198, New York, Silver Cup. High total in three games, Wm. Robertson, 525, Philadelphia, Silver Cup. Greatest number of strikes, Wm. Robertson, 15, Philadelphia, Silver Cup. Greatest number of spares, M. Richmond, 19, Baltimore, Silver Cup. LADIES' TEAMS. Chicago. 1st Mrs. Asmus 95 Mrs. Kreitling 108 Mrs. McKellar 115 Mrs. Winterson 58 Mrs. Hauswirth 104 Totals 480 Philadelphia. 1st Miss E. Graham 96 Mrs. Harris 69 Mrs. Robertson 61 Miss M. Graham 103 Mrs. Sibson 86 Totals 415 2d Total 116 211 91 199 151 266 117 175 107 211 582 1,062 2d Total 112 208 80 149 87 148 68 171 90 176 437 e52 170 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Washington. 1st Miss Cooke 88 Mrs. Cooke 95 Mrs. Simmonds 77 Miss Freeman 34 Miss Shaffer 128 Totals 422 2d Total 84 172 73 168 89 166 45 79 110 238 401 ;23 St. Louis. 1st Mrs. Beneke * 61 Mrs. Meinhardt 84 Mrs. Weber 23 Mrs. Koenig 48 l^Iiss T. Meinhardt 74 Totals 290 2d Total 70 131 103 187 35 58 35 83 86 160 329 619 New York. 1st Mrs. Traendly 76 Mrs. Donaldson 73 Mrs. Reimels 91 Mrs. Theilman 98 Mrs. Vesey 45 Totals 383 2d Total 92 168 62 135 90 181 70 168 89 134 403 786 Baltimore. 1st Mrs. Seybold 52 Mrs. Bauer 55 Mrs. Richmond 50 Mrs. Lutz 47 Miss Boone 93 Totals 297 2d Total 28 80 35 90 72 122 85 132 62 155 282 57 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS I7I Silver Cup, 1st prize, Chicago 1062 Silver Cup, 2d prize, Philadelphia 852 Individual High Two (2) Games. Silver Cup, Mrs. McKellar, Chicago 266 Individual High Game. Silver Cup, Mrs. McKellar, Chicago 151 MEN'S INDIVIDUAL. Two Games. First prize, Geo. Goebel, Philadelphia, silver cup 346 Second— W. C. Smith, Philadelphia, clock 333 Third— Wm. Graham, Philadelphia, flask 329 Fourth — E. Dungan, Philadelphia, suit case 318 Fifth — J. Berry, Washington, fountain pen 312 Sixth— Wm. Falck, Philadelphia 312 Seventh— J. Fermick, New York 298 Eighth— G. McClure, Buffalo .296 Ninth— Wm. Lockport, Buffalo 295 Tenth— A. Y. Hanna, Philadelphia 295 Eleventh — A. Rasmussen, New Albany, Ind 291 Twelfth— C. Kuehn, St. Louis 289 Thirteenth— J. J. Bencke, St. Louis 281 Fourteenth — John Kuhn, Philadelphia 277 Fifteenth— R. Scott, Buffalo, N. Y 271 Sixteenth — F. Adelberger, Philadelphia 261 Seventeenth— C. Sandeford, Buffalo, N. Y 263 Eighteenth— W. L. Rock, Kansas City, Mo 259 Nineteenth — D. J. Demas, Pittsburgh, Pa 256 Twentieth— A. B. Burton, Philadelphia, Pa 255 Twenty-first- W. Wheeler, Boston, ^lass 250 Twenty-second — Wm. Rehder, Wilmington, N. C 245 Twenty-third — John Burton, Philadelphia 236 Twenty-fourth — D. Finlayson, Boston, Mass 226 Twenty-fifth— Chas. Vick, Rochester, N. Y 225 Twenty-sixth— G. Kuhl, Pekin, 111 224 Twenty-seventh — F. Bauer, Baltimore, Md 219 Twenty-eighth— S. Batchelor, Philadelphia 217 Twenty-ninth— W. F. Kasting, Buffalo, N. Y 216 172 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Thirtieth— A. B. Cartledge, Philadelphia 216 Thirty-first— W. Loew, Pittsburgh, Pa 211 Thirty-second — A. Henshaw, New York, N. Y 208 Thirty-third— E. W. Holt, New York, N. Y 200 Thirty-fourth— A. G. Salter, Rochester, N. Y 193 Thirty-fifth— A. Pierce, Waltham, Mass 191 Thirty-sixth — J. Schulz, Louisville, Ky 179 Thirty-seventh — E. Ashley, Allentown, Pa 174 Thirty-eighth— C. Kahlert, Allentown, Pa 174 Thirty-ninth— H. Hornecker, New York, N. Y 154 Fortieth— J. Hauck, New York, N. Y 126 LADIES' INDIVIDUAL PRIZES. First prize — Silver compote, Mrs. McKellar, Chicago 263 Second — Traveling clock, Mrs. Hauswirth, Chicago 209 Third — Silver pocketbook, Mrs. Theilman, New York 208 Fourth — Bon bon dish, Miss Shaffer, Washington 207^ Fifth — Silver belt buckle, Mrs. Kreitling, Chicago 206 Sixth — Cut glass water bottle, Mrs. Asmus, Chicago 199 Seventh — Cologne bottle, Mrs. Meinhardt, St. Louis 198 Eighth — Cut glass bowl, Miss Meinhardt, St. Louis 196 Ninth — Cut glass olive dish. Miss Burton, Philadelphia 194 Tenth — Cut glass cruet. Miss E. Graham, Philadelphia 187 Eleventh — ^IVIrs. Reinals, New York 179 Twelfth— Mrs. Traendly, New York 174 Thirteenth — Miss Boone, Baltimore 172 Fourteenth — Mrs. Goebel, Philadelphia 171 Fifteenth — Mrs. Robertson, Philadelphia 171 Sixteenth — Mrs. Winterson, Chicago 167 Seventeenth— Mrs. J. Wolft', Philadelphia 164 Eighteenth— Mrs. Dodds, Philadelphia 160 Nineteenth — Mrs. Harris, Philadelphia 158 Twentieth — Mrs. Lutz, Baltimore 155 Twenty-first — Miss Cooke, Washington 154 Twenty-second — Mrs. Sibson, Philadelphia 154 Twenty-third — Mrs. Whitman, New York 150 Twenty- fourth — jNIrs. Donaldson, New York 146 Twenty-fifth— Mrs. Seybold, Baltimore 149 Twenty-sixth — Mrs. Herr, Lancaster 137 Twenty-seventh — Mrs. Beneke, St. Louis 131 Twenty-eighth — Mrs. Cooke, Washington 130 Twenty-ninth — Mrs. Berning, St. Louis 130 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 173 Thirtieth— Mrs. Koenig, St. Louis 126 Thirty-first— Mrs. Pollworth, Mihvaukee 123 Thirty-second — Miss Witfeld, St. Louis 122 Thirty-third — Miss M. Grahcam, Philadelphia 122 Thirty-fourth — ]\lrs. Richmond, Baltimore 109 Thirty-fifth — Mrs. Blackistone, Washington 107 Thirty-sixth — Mrs. Quarles, Louisville, Ky 104 Thirty-seventh — Mrs. Rehder, Wilmington, N. C 105 Thirty-eighth — Mrs. Vesey, Ft. Wayne, Ind 102 Thirty-ninth — Miss Fullmer, Des Moines, Iowa 97 Fortieth — Mrs. Dorp, Philadelphia 95 Forty-first — Mrs. Bauer, Baltimore 93 Forty-second — Mrs. Kunzman, Louisville, Ky 91 Forty-third— Mrs. Kuhl, Pekin, 111 90 Forty-fourth — Miss Freeman, Washington 85 Forty-fifth- Mrs. W. C. Smith, Philadelphia 81 Forty-sixth — Mrs. Aug. Poehlmann, Chicago 80 Forty-seventh — Mrs. Powell, New York 79 Forty-eighth — ^Miss Shellem, Philadelphia 76 Forty-ninth — Miss Cartledge, Philadelphia 66 Fiftieth — Mrs. Adolph Poehlmann, Chicago INDIVIDUAL CHAMPIONSHIP OF S. A. F. Diamond Medal. Presented by Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. Two Games. C. J. Graham, Cleveland 369 Wm. Robertson, Philadelphia 361 P. Olsem, Chicago 354 G. Barry, Washington 332 Ed. Dungan, Philadelphia 330 W. C. Smith, Philadelphia 319 Wm. Graham, Philadelphia 309 M. Richmond, Baltimore 309 Wm. Duckham, New York 304 Geo. Cooke, Washington 289 174 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION FLORISTS* HAIL ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA. Philadelphia, Pa., Thursday afternoon, 3 P. M., Aug. 22, 1907. The annual meeting of the Florists' Hail Association was held at above date with President E. G. Hill in the chair. The minutes of the previous annual meeting were read and ap- proved, after which the secretary and treasurer reported as fol- lows : SECRETARY'S REPORT FOR YEAR ENDING AUGUST 1ST, 1907. The number of members comprising the Florists' Hail Association on Aug. 1, 1907, is 1,461, insuring glass as follows: Arkansas 14,970 Colorado 434,980 Connecticut 7,300 Delaware 83,522 Georgia 6,048 Illinois 331,464 Indiana 269,456 Iowa 343,368 Kansas 366,378 Kentucky 79,696 Maine 8,094 Maryland 126,535 Massachusetts 18,350 Michigan 144,183 Minnesota 121,090 1 Q 1.^ O Q) « IS m If SI P i-xj to II 2 a a 3 O a < for losses from Aug. 1st. 1906, to Aug. 1st, 1907. 3,900 $ 9.31 332,716 118,206 58,799 220,967 272,239 210.22 102,952 43,986 2,100 26,325 14,400 3,871 4,200 3,360 2,742,713 113,600 394,609 84,040 609,014 662.64 913,502 36,832 142,155 104,278 128,283 158.54 764,187 25,686 290,724 128,537 157,323 271.21 229,583 55,092 24,994 210,137 150,498 772.80 95,348 1,500 29,866 14,200 116.40 32,421 93,857 9,768 3,328 8,900 20,750 135.88 153,380 1,100 15,000 2,064 785,861 4,312 153,432 9,232 125,155 139.12 930,986 15,330 31.325 14,760 538.202 135.39 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 175 Missouri 755,684 884,000 120,507 35,0GG 390,084 703,190 537.35 Montana . 110,440 Nebraska . 282,650 New Hampshire . . . . 900 Nortli Dakota New Jersey 5(t,194 North Carolina . 18,045 New Mexico 4,768 New York . 188,220 Ohio . 685,803 Oklalioma 15,670 I'oimsjlvania . 292,195 Rhode Island 616 South Carolina 2,400 South Dakota . 32,045 80,246 Tennessee 4,264 Virginia 44,955 West Virginia . 39,640 Wisconsin . 107,352 1,565 12,910 District of Columbia. 1,.317 Canada 4,082 British Columbia . . . Total .5,092,007 24,270 8,910 20,220 131,113 68,812 84,272 30,322 34,350 4,910 1,492 1,141.143 22.636 207.486 24,920 27,036 21,139 13,734 4,768 7,405 636,279 10,212 36,430 11,800 40,550 1,714,902 64,159 190,237 50,351 425,580 28,542 2,670 11,500 17,677 2,430,-345 56,532 161,050 65,364 819,258 42,197 400 22,985 • 9,950 12,400 22,407 19,825 1,000 216,694 10,808 33,988 381.89 326.14 80.94 213.57 103.05 77,859 1,450 28,063 4,650 16,360 339,042 6,839 5,475 13,172 16,138 71. 1,565 6,671 400 3,888 42,822 3,082 39,822 4,162 4,162 The above is equivalent to an insurance upon 27,197,867 square feet of glass. The total receipts for the year ending August 1, 1907, as per Treasurer's report have been $20,310.35. The total expenditures as per Treasurer's report have been $11,109.90. The cash balance at the close of the year is $24,296.94, of which $348.98 belongs to the Reserve fund, and $23,947.96 to the Emergency fund. The Reserve fund now consists of $17,400.00 securely invested and $348.98 cash in hand, making a total of $17,748.98. Seventy-three losses, representing a breakage of 30,982 square feet of single thick glass and 27,331 square feet of double thick glass have been paid during the year. 1,100 losses have been adjusted since the organization of the Association, involving a total expenditure of a little over $105,000. The 10 per cent assessment on hazardous risks netted the Treasury $38.52. 176 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION The following table shows losses as reported to the Secretary for the past 20 years : STATES. •32^2 o g .-I K 500© tW t*H ^ O .-a a-' ^ d c Alabama 1 California 1 Maine 3 Vermont 3 New Hampshire 7 Rhode Island 3 Connecticut 10 Massachusetts 11 New York 103 New Jersey 71 Pennsylvania 76 Delaware 4 Ohio 80 Indiana 43 Illinois 104 Michigan 21 Wisconsin 34 Minnesota 46 Iowa 91 Missouri 75 Kansas 102 Nebraska 61 Arkansas 3 Colorado 55 North Dakota 6 South Dakota 16 Montana 3 Wyoming 3 Maryland 19 Virginia 5 West Virginia 12 North Carolina 5 Kentucky 17 Georgia 4 Texas 24 Louisiana 3 Tennessee 2 Florida 1 Mississippi 1 Oklahoma Territory 14 Indian Territory 1 District of Columbia 4 Canada •* New Mexico 7 South Carolina 1 17 10 59 1 75 35 91 9 35 56 112 141 154 16 1 91 1 12 2 4 9 2 4 1 12 19 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 177 It is with a great deal of satisfaction that your Secretary is able to call attention to the fact that the reserve fund is rapidly approaching that point where it will be amply able to meet the largest possible individual loss. And the growing stability of the Association proves that the projectors of the scheme, builded perhaps better and stronger than they realized, a decade ago. The only liabilities of the Association are ten losses whicli will aggre- gate about $600, and of which no proofs have been filed. The Secretary again wishes to call attention to the fact that a duplicate of any loss will be furnished to any member of the Association upon applica- tion. The false economy of tempting Providence was forcibly illustrated at Newburgh, N. Y., about a month ago, where many thousand feet of uninsured glass was reduced to scrap, by a violent hail storm. The Officers and Directors especially refer the members to the report of the Treasurer, believing that a careful perusal will secure an approval of their stewardship. JOHN G. ESLER, Secretary. The above reports were approved and ordered filed. Mr. John T. Temple and Mr. Herbert G. TuU were then nomi- nated for directors and unanimously elected, after which the meet- ing adjourned. At a subsequent meeting of the board of directors E. G. Hill was elected president, H. H. Ritter vice president, John G. Esler secretary and Albert M. Herr treasurer for the ensuing year. The board of directors also recommended that Section 2 of Ar- ticle 5 of F. H. A. by-laws be amended to read "2 per cent of the fixed value of all risks" instead of 1 per cent, as at present. John G. Esler, Secretary. TREASURER'S REPORT FOR YEAR ENDING AUGUST 1ST, 1907. Received from Seventeenth Assessment $16,193.74 Received from Membersiiip Fees 1,18.3.96 Received from New Membership .576.55 Received from Additional Membership 793.82 Received from Extra One-lialf Assessment 123.08 Received from Extra Whole Assessment 394.39 178 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Received from Reinsurance $ 73.49 Received Interest 500 Chicago, 111. (Bond) 20.00 Received Interest 5,000 Milwaukee, Wis 175.00 Received Interest 1,000 Orville Twp., N. J 50.00 Received Interest 500 U. S. Government 15.00 Received Interest 1,000 S. Bend, 2 years 90.00 Received Interest 1,000 Homestead, Pa 40.00 Received Interest 3,400 Lancaster Trust Co., Cert 136.00 Received Interest 1,000 Allegtiany Co., Pa 20.00 Received Interest 1,000 Kalamazoo, Mich 20.00 Received Interest 1,000 Waco, Texas 50.00 Received Interest on Deposits, Northern 60.32 Received Interest on Deposits, People's 301.00 Total $20,316.35 EXPENSES FOR 1906 AND 1907. Aug. 6. 1906 Florists Pub. Co.. advertisement $ 1.00 Aug. 25. The Gardening Co., advertisement 1.00 Aug. 25. Florists' Exchange, advertisement 1.25 Sept. 11. American Florist, advertisement 11.00 Sept. 15. Albert M. Herr, part salary 250.00 Sept. 24. Lancaster Trust Co., box rent 5.00 Sept. 27. Fidelity Casuality Co., bond 5.00 Oct. 6. A. T. DeLaMare Co., printing 29.55 Oct. 6. A. T. DeLaMare Co., printing 5.25 Oct. 6. A. T. DeLaMare Co., printing 4.35 Oct. IS. A. T. DeLaMare Co., printing 13.25 Oct. 25. Frank J. Faesig, printing 2.25 Nov. 5. John G. Esler, part salary 200.00 Nov. 14. ^ A. T. DeLaMare Co., printing 4.75 Nov. 14. A. T. DeLaMare Co., printing 19.75 Dec. 1. A. T. DeLaMare Co., printing 35.55 Dec. 1. A. T. DeLaMare Co., printing 3.50 Jan. 14. 1907 J. G. Esler, postage 12.84 Feb. 7. J. G. Esler, part salary 200.00 Mar. 5. J. G. Esler, postage 31.00 Mar. 11. A. T. DeLaMare Co., printing 6.75 Mar. 26. Albert M. Herr, stamped envelopes 23.50 Apr. 22. A. T. DeLaMare Co., printing 7.25 May 4. A. T. DeLaMare Co., printing 15.50 May 4. J. G. Esler, part salary 200.00 May 10. Thos. H. Wilson & Co., books 11.50 May 29. Frank J. Faesig, printing 2.25 June 5. Lancaster Trust Co., box rent 5.00 June 8. A. T. DeLaMare Oj., printing 8.00 July 6. The Florists Review, advertising 15.00 July 6. The American Florist Co., advertising 15.00 July 6. The Gardening Co., advertising 7.50 July 8. Gardeners' Chronicle, advertising 7.50 July 10. Albert M. Herr, postage 22.00 July 10. Florists' Exchange, advertising 15.00 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS I79 July 10. J. G. Esler, postage $ 31.93 July 10. Horticulture, advertising 7.50 July 10. E. G. Hill, postage 5.90 July 20. E. G. Hill, salary 202.50 July 20. Albert M. Herr, salary 290.00 July 20. J. G. Esler, salary 750.00 $ 2,481.87 LOSSES FROM AUG. 1ST, 1906, TO AUG. 1ST, 1907. Aug. G. 1906 J. W. Rudebeck, Des Moines, Iowa $ 12.35 Aug. 8. C. H. Frey, Lincoln, Neb 138.55 Aug. 11. Iowa Seed Co., Des Moines, Iowa 33.60 Aug. 11. Anthony Wiegand, Indianapolis, Ind 53.89 Aug. 11. M. M. Strong, Sioux Falls, S. Dakota 105.20 Aug. 11. Julius Steinhauser, Pittsburg, Kansas ; . 35.97 Aug. 11. Joseph Tosini, Sioux Falls, S. Dakota 90.42 Aug. 15. T. Kloss, St. Peter, Minn 90.72 Aug. 15. Isabelle A. Muir, Chicago, 111 102.42 Aug. 15. Geo. Irving & Co., Wilmar, Minn 44.62 Aug. 16. E. R. Ripley, Colorado City, Col 98.90 Aug. 16. T. L. Eagle, CoCfeyville, Kansas 18.20 Aug. 16. Reeser Floral Co., Urbana, Ohio 162.82 Aug. 25. Nudd & Thomas, Sioux Falls, S. Dakota 17.95 Sept. 15. John W. Smith, Colorado Springs, Col 31.50 Sept. 29. W. H. Mertz, Northumberland, Pa 21.20 Oct. 15. Frank F. Crump, Colorado Springs, Col 72.26 Oct. 15. H. Gronbeck, Mechanicsburg, Pa 25.63 Oct. 23. Louis Prochaska, Fort Atkinson, Wis 12.81 Mar. 25. 1907 Joseph Linfoot, College Hill, Ohio 29.85 Mar. 26. Henry Corbett, College Hill, Ohio 52.48 Mar. 30. George Corbet, College Hill, Ohio 45.90 Apr. 2. Max Rudolph & Co., College Hill, Ohio 66.08 Apr. 15. Frank J. Chamberlain, Battle Creek, Mich 131.12 Apr. 17. Alex Milne, Fairbury, 111 11.27 Apr. 17. C. C. Warburton, Battle Creek, Mich 8.00 Apr. 18. Mrs. Johanna Gray, College Hill, Ohio 89.70 Apr. 20. Mrs. E. H. Martin, Shelbyville, 111 24.56 Apr. 29. Mrs. M. Ergelland, Blue Island, 111 72.23 May 13. Ira Blake, Wichita, Kansas 18.80 May 15. Chas. P. Mueller, Wichita, Kansas '. . . . 384.96 May 15. T. C. Hemphill, Wichita, Kansas 34.88 May 18. W. Shick, Wichita, Kansas 34.20 May 18. A. D. Hammock, Jr., Bonham, Texas 5.30 May 18. W. J. & M. S. Vesey, Ft. Wayne, Ind 104.65 May 20. Edwin Aleon, Texarkana, Ark 9.31 May 22. F. Kuechenmeister, Wichita, Kansas 126.26 May 24. Mrs. Chas. Schmidt, Winfield, Kansas 10.60 May 27. D. S. Hersey, Wichita, Kansas . . .* 5.56 May 29. Benjamin Stoll, Brooklyn, Md 28.85 June 1. A. T. Buckenridge, Wichita, Kansas 34.72 June 3. Martin Duckstein, Brooklyn, Md 38.03 June 10. W. H. Gulp & Co., Wichita, Kansas 8.10 i8o PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION June 12. June 14. June 18. June 19. June 21. June 21. June 24. June 28. June 28. June 29. June 29. July 1. July 1. July 10. July 15. July 15. July 20. July 20. July 20. July 20. July 20. July 22. July 23. July 27. July 29. July 29. July 31. July 31. July 31. J. H. Newhall, Aurora. Ill $ 41 Chas. McChesney, Aledo, 111 23, Mrs. H. L. Farar, San Antonio, Texas 97, James Frost, Greenville, Ohio 44. C. R. Wills. Greenville, Ohio 16 Joseph Kift. West Chester, Pa 34. George Stoltze, Louisville, Ky 116. Raymond Miller, Abilene, Kansas 37 H. A. Hall, Joplin, Mo 505. Phil J. Goebel, Webster Grove, Mo 7 W. E. Bidleman, Wichita, Kansas 22 W. B. Davis & Son, Aurora, 111 221 Margaret Ballard, Perry, Iowa 11 Edw. Amerphole. Janesville, Wis 19 Wheeler Floral Co., Mason City, Iowa 44 P. Mergen & Co.. Marysville, Mo 9. R. M. Yoder, Princeton, 111 11 W. B. Perry, Cresco, Iowa Chas. H. Talbot, Anita, Iowa Walter S. Hall, Osage, Iowa Dole Floral Co., Beatrice, Neb Peter Phillipp, Rhinelander, Wis A. V. S. Saunders, Ft. Morgan, Col S. H. Beaver, Seward, Neb B. P. Critchell, Cincinnati, Ohio Kennedy Bros., Pikesville, Md Mrs. Anna Weisenberger, Marysville, Mo , H. F. Drury, Galesburg, 111 N. H. Long & Co., Dixon, 111 .-. 71.14 3.92 18.24 193.06 39.90 7.56 51.10 19.10 69.00 13.75 98.33 55.79 $4,527.16 DISBURSEMENTS ON ACCOUNT OF RESERVE FUND. Oct. 23. 1906 N. W. Harris & Co., Waco, Texas, bond and accrued interest .... .$ 1,092.92 Nov. 29. F. L. Fuller & Co., Kalamazoo, Mich., bond and accrued interest 1,004.62 July 15. 1907 Emery Anderson & Co., Scranton, Pa., bonds and accrued interest 2,063.33 $ 4,160.8'i RESERVE FUND INVESTMENT. Certificates of Deposit with the Lancaster Trust Co $ 3,400.00 Chicago, 111., School Bond 500.00 U. S. Government Bond 500.00 Orville Twp., N. J., Bonds 1,000.00 City of Milwaukee Bonds 5,000.00 South Bend, Ind., Bond 1,000.00 Homestead, Pa., Bond 1,000.00 Alleghany Co., Pa., Bond i- 1,000.00 Kalamazoo, Mich., Bond 1,000.00 Waco, Texas, Bond 1,000.00 Scranton, Pa., Bonds 2,000.00 $17,400.00 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS l8l RECAriTULATIOX. To balance on hand August 1. lOOG $15,150.49 Total receipts for j'ear ending August 1, li)07 20,316.35 $85,466.84 Bj' losses paid for year ending August 1. 1907 $ 4,527.16 By expenses and investments 6,642.74 By balance on liaud 24,296.94 $35,466.84 ALBERT M. UERlt, Treasurer. l82 rROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS AND ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURISTS. OFFICERS FOR 1907. PRESIDENT. WM. J. STEWART, Boston, Mass. VICE PRESIDENT. JOHN WESTCOTT, Philadelphia, Pa. SECRETARY. P. J. HAUSWIRTH, Chicago, HI. TREASURER. H. B. BEATTY, Farmers Bank Bldg., Pittsburg, Pt. DIRECTORS. For One Year. For Two Years. E. V. Hallock, Queens, N. Y. F. H. Traendly, New York City, X. Y W. H. Elliott, Brighton, Mass. Theo. \Virth, Minneapolis, Minn. For Three Years. Samltel Murray, Kansas City, Mo. J. K. M. L. Farquhar, Boston, Mass. STATE VICE PRESIDENTS. Alabama — E. A. Beaven, Evergreen. California — Hans Plath, San Francisco. Colorado — J. A. Valentine, Denver. Connecticut — Peter Zuger, Hartford. District of Columbia — W. H. Ernest, Washington. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 183 Florida— C. D. INlills, Jacksonville. Georgia — L. A. Berckmans, Augusta. Illinois, N. — Geo. Asnnis, Chicago. Illinois, S. — Frank L. Washburn, Bloomington. Indiana — J. A. Evans, Richmond. Iowa — W. A. Harkett, Dubuque. Kansas — Oscar Roehr, Topeka. Kentucky — Aug. R. Baumer, Louisville. Louisiana — M. Cook, New Orleans. Maryland — Wm. Weber, Oakland. Massachusetts — E. L. Pierce, Cambridge. Michigan— W. E. F. Weber, Sault Ste. Marie. Minnesota — John Monson, Minneapolis. Mississippi — S. W. Crowell, Rich. Missouri, E. — W. C. Young, St. Louis. Missouri, W. — Geo. M. Kellogg, Pleasant Hill. Nebraska — Geo, H. Swoboda, Omaha. New Hampshire — Aug. Gaedeke, Nashua. New Jersey — C. H. Totty, Madison. New York, E. — Chas. Lenker, Freeport, L. I, New York, W, — Chas. H, Vick, Rochester. North Carolina — J, Van Lindley^ Pomona. Ohio, N. — Geo. Bayer, Toledo. Ohio, S. — J. B. Heiss, Dayton, Pennsylvania, E. — P. J. Lynch, ^^'est Grove. Pennsylvania, W. — E. C. Reineman, Allegheny. South Carolina — C. A. Moss, Spartanburg, South Dakota— E. C. Newbury, Mitchell. Tennessee — C. L. Baum, Knoxville. Virginia — H. Brown, Richmond. Washington — Amy K. Luffman, Spokane. West Virginia — C. P. Dudley, Parkersburg. Wisconsin — Fred Holton, Milwaukee. Ontario — J. H. Dunlop, Toronto. Botanist Prof. L. H. Pammel, Ames, Iowa. Pailiologist Dr. B. M. Duggar, Ithaca, N. Y. Entomologist A. H. Kirkland, Beacon Building, Boston, Mass. Superintendent of Exhibition David Rust, Horticultural Hall, Broad and Locust Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. 184 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Plant Registration in Charge of Secretary. Legislative Committee — Benj. Hammond, Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y. ; L. B. CoDDiNGTON, Murray Hill, N. J.; Wesley Greene, Des Moines, Iowa; E. A. MosELEY, Washington, D. C. ; Patrick Welch, Boston, Mass. Committee on Convention Sports — Wm. Graham, Philadelphia, Pa.; A. B. Cartledge, Philadelphia, Pa. ; J. J. Bexeke, St. Louis, Mo. OFFICERS FOR 1908. PRESIDENT. FRAXK H. TRAEXDLY, New York, N. Y. VICE PRESIDENT. GEO. W. McCLURE, Buffalo, N. Y. SECRETARY. WILLIS N. RUDD, Morgan Park, 111. TREASURER. H. B. BEATTY, Pittshurg, Pa. DIRECTORS. For One Year. For Two Years. E. V. Hallock. Samuel Murray. Theodore Wirth. J. K. M. L. Farquhar. For Three Years. George Asmus. John Young. Ex-Officio. Wm. J. Stewart. The President, the Vice President, the Secretary, the Treasurer. Botanist Prof. L. H. Pammel, Ames, Iowa. Pathologist Dr. B. M. Duggar, Ithaca, N. Y. Entomologist Prof. Frederick L. Washburn, Minneapolis, Minn. Plant Registration in Charge of Secretary. Legislative Committee — Benj. Hammond, Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y. ; L. B. CoDDiNGTON, Murray Hill, N. J.; Wesley Greene, Des Moines, Iowa; E. A. MosELY, Washington, D. C. ; Patrick Welch, Boston, Mass.; E. G. Hill, Richmond, Ind.; P. O'Mara, Jersey City, N. J, SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 185 PAST PRESIDENTS OF THE SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS. John Thorpe, 1885-1886. Robert Craig, 1887. E. G. Hill, 1888. J. N. May, 1889. ^J. M. Jordan, 1890. M. H. XoRTON, 1891. James Dean, 1892. William R. Smith, 1893. 'J. T. Anthony, 1894. Edwin Lonsdale, 1895. William Scott, 189G. Adam Graham, 1897, W. F. GuDE, 1898. W. N. RuDD, 1899. *E. M. Wood, 1900. Patrick O'Mara, 1901. John Burton, 1902-1903. Philip Breitmeyer, 1904. J. C. Vaughan, 1905. William F. Kasting, 1900. ♦Deceased. ANNUAL CONVENTIONS. First, Cincinnati, Ohio, August 12, 13, 14, 1885. Second, Philadelphia, Pa., August 18, 19, 20, 21, 1886. Third, Chicago, 111., August 16, 17, 18, 1887. Fourth, New York, N. Y., August 21, 22, 23, 1888. Fifth, Buffalo, N. Y., August 20, 21, 22, 23, 1889. Sixth, Boston, Mass., August 19, 20, 21, 22, 1890. Seventh, Toronto, Ont., August 18, 19, 20, 21, 1891. Eighth, Washington, D. C, August 17, 18, 19, 20, 1892. Ninth, St. Louis, Mo., August 9, 10, 11, 12, 1893. Tenth, Atlantic City, N. J., August 21, 22, 23, 24, 1894. Eleventh, Pittsburg, Pa., August 20, 21, 22, 23, 1895. Twelfth, Cleveland, Ohio, August 18, 19, 20, 21, 1896. Thirteenth, Providence, R. I., August 17, 18, 19, 20, 1897. Fourteenth, Omaha, Neb., August 16, 17, 18, 19, 1898. Fifteenth, Detroit, Mich., August 15, 16, 17, 18, 1899. Sixteenth, New York, N. Y., August 21, 22, 23, 24, 1900. Seventeenth, Buffalo, N. Y., August 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1901. Eighteenth, Asheville, N. C, August 19, 20, 21, 22, 1902. Nineteenth, Milwaukee, Wis., August 18, 19, 20, 21, 1903. Twentieth, St. Louis, Mo., August 16, 17, 18, 19, 1904. Twenty-first, Washington, D. C, August 15, 16, 17, 18, 1905. Twenty-second, Dayton, Ohio, August 21, 22, 23, 24, 1906. Twenty-third, Philadelphia, Pa., August 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 1907. l86 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION LIFE MEMBERS. Altick, H. M., 1123 N. Main st., Dayton, O. Ammann, J. F., Edwardsville, 111. Anderson, Wm. F., Waltham, Mass. Asmns, Adolph E., West Hoboken, N. J. Asmus, Geo., 897 W. Madison st., Chicago, 111. Baartman, Herrmann C, Sassenheim, Holland. Ball, Charles D., Holmesburg, Pa. Bauer, Fred C, Govanstown, Md. Baumer, Aug. K., 644 Fourth av., Louisville, Ky. Baur, S. Alfred, Box 47, Atlanta, Ga. Bayer, George, 2556 Fulton st., Toledo, O. Beatty, H. B., 215 Farmers' Bank Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. Bertermann, John, 241 Mass. av., Indianapolis, Ind. Bissinger, J. A., Lansing, Mich. Bisset, Peter, Twin Oaks, Washington, D. C. Boddington, A. T., 342 W. 14th st., New York, N. Y. Boehler, Oscar, West Hoboken, N. J. Breitmeyer, Fred, Mt. Clemens, Mich. Breitmeyer, Philip, Gratiot and Miami avs., Detroit, Mich. Bruns, H. N., 1409 W. Madison st., Chicago, 111. Burki, Fred, Crystal Farm, Gibsonia, Pa. Burton, Alfred, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Burton, George, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Burton, John, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Busch, Fred, Lyndale av. and 50th st., south, Minneapolis, Mi Butterworth, J. T., South Framingham, Mass. Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. Cashman, Thomas E., Owatonna, Minn. Coatsworth, L., 41 Eandolph st., Chicago, 111. Coe, Asher M., North Olmsted, O. Cook, H. A. Shrewsbury, Mass. Cooke, Geo. H., Conn. av. and L st., Washington, D. C. Corley, Eugene, Dallas, Texas. Cowee, Arthur, Berlin, N. Y. Craig Eobert, 49th and Market sts., Philadelphia, Pa. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 1 87 Daggett, W, A., 431 Medford st., Charlestown, Mass. Dailledouze, Eugene, Flatbush, New York, N. Y. Dailledouze, Henry, Flatbush, New York, N. Y. Dailledouze, Paul, Flatbush, New York, N. Y. Deake, Mrs. J. B., 324 Charlotte st., Asheville, N. C. Dcake, J. W. C, Asheville, N. C. Dean, David A., Freeport, N. Y. Dean, James, Freeport, N. Y. *Edgar, Wm. W., Waverly, Mass. Elliott, W. H., Brighton, Mass. Ernest, Wm. H., 28th & M. sts., Washington, D. C. Esler, John G., Saddle Eiver, N. J. Evans, J. A., Richmond, Ind. Ewell, Warren, 38 Wayland st., Roxbury, Mass. Farenwald, Adolph, Eoslyn P. O., Hillside, Pa. Farquhar, Jas. F. M., 6 and 7 S. Market st., Boston, Mass. Farquhar, J. K. M. L., 6 and 7 S. Market st., Boston, Mass. Freeman, J. R., 612 13th st., N. W., Washington, D. C. Fuller, J., Leominster, Mass. Galvin, Thomas F., 124 Tremont st., Boston, Mass. Gasser, J. M., 101 Euclid av., Cleveland, O. Graham, Adam, 2849 Euclid av., Cleveland, O. Green, E. H. R., Dallas, Tex. Gude, Adolphus, 1214 F st., Washington, D. C. Gude, Wm. F., 1214 F st., Washington, D. C. Guttman, A. J., 43 W. 28th st.. New York, N. Y. Hallock, E. v.. Queens, N. Y. Hammond, Benj., Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y. Harkett, W. A., Dubuque, la. Flarris, Ernest, Delanson, N. Y. Harris, W. K., Jr., 55th st. and Springfield av., Philadelphia, Pa. Harris, W. K., Sr., 55th st. and Springfield av., Philadelphia, Pa. *Hauswirth, P. J., 232 Michigan av., Chicago, 111. Heinl, Fred G., 129 S. 7th st., Terre Haute, Ind. Heinl, George A., 337 Summit st., Toledo, O. Herrington, A., Madison, N. J. Houghton, F. H., 396 Boylston st., Boston, Mass. Imlay, John D., Zanesville, O. Jablonsky, A., Wellston, Mo. Kakuda, A., Hinode Florist Co., Whitestone, N. Y. Kasting, W. F., 383 Ellicott st., Buffalo, N. Y. Kellogg, Geo. M., Pleasant Hill, Mo. Kill, Leonard, 51 Wabash av., Chicago, 111. * Deceased. l88 TROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Klagge, Kobert, Mt. Clemens, Mich. Kleinstarink, H., E. F. D. No. 1, Louisville, Ky. Koenig, John L., 6471 Florissant av., St. Louis, Mo. Koenig, Otto G., 6471 Florissant av., St. Louis, Mo. Kretschmar, H. G., 237 Lincoln road, Flatbush, N. Y. Kretschmar, J. F., 237 Lincoln road, Flatbush, N. Y. Kroeschell, W. L., 55 Erie st,, Chicago, 111. Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine st., St. Louis, Mo. Lambly, Amy L., 2723 Dean av., Spokane, Wash. Langjahr, A. H., 55 W. 28th st., New York, N. Y. Lenker, Charles, Freeport, L. I., N. Y. Leuly, E., West Hoboken, N. J. Loffler, E. C, 3800 Brightwood av., Washington, D. C. Lohr, Charles, Jr., 415 2d av., Astoria, N. Y. Loveless, Alfred J., Box 45, Lenox, Mass. Madsen, William, Govanstown, Md. Manda, W. A., South Orange, N. J. Mathison, Fred E., Waltham, Mass. May, J. N., Summit, N. J. Maynard, Mrs. C. H., 219 Horton av., Detroit, Mich. Maynard, C. H., 219 Horton av., Detroit, Mich. Meehan, Chas. E., Slocum and Musgrove sts., Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. Meinhardt, Fred H., 7041 Florissant av., St. Louis, Mo. Mills, Miss Elizabeth, 31 Barclay St., New York. Montgomery, Alexander, Natick, Mass. Moseley, Edw. A., Hess & Co., Sun Bldg., Washington, D. C. Murdock, A. M., 510 Smithfield st., Pittsburg, Pa. Murray, Samuel, 1017 Broadway, Kansas City, Mo. Newbold, Frederick E., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Niessen, Arthur A., 13th and Filbert sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Niessen, Leo., 13th and Filbert sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Nugent, John B., Jr., 42 W. 28th st., New York, N. Y. O'Mara, P., Grand st., Jersey City, N. J. Pennock, J. L., 1514 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. Pennock, S. S., 1612-18 Ludlow st., Philadelphia, Pa. Pierson, F. E., Tarrytown, N. Y. Poehlmann, Adolph H., Morton Grove, HI. Poehlmann, August, 35 Eandolph st., Chicago, HI. Powell, I. L., Millbrook, N. Y. Eackham, Geo. A., 880 Vandyke av., Detroit, Mich. Eaynor, John I., 49 W. 28th st.. New York, N. Y. Eeinberg, Peter, 3468 N. Eobey st., Chicago, 111. Eoehrs, Julius, Eutherford, N. J. Eust, David, Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia, Pa. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 189 Schellhorn, Christian, Washington, D. C. Schnell, Miss Mattie, 131 Collinsville av., E. St. Louis, 111. Schulz, Fred Louis, 3325 Broadway, Louisville, Ky. Sheridan, W. F., 39 W. 28th st.. New York, N. Y. Sibson, J. F., McKean av., Germantown, Fa. Siebrecht, H. A., New Rochelle, N. Y. Siebreeht, W. H., Astoria, L. I. City, N. Y. Simpson, Robt., Clifton, N. J. Skidelsky, S. S., 824 N. 24th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Smith, Elmer D., Adrian, Mich. Smith, W. R., Botanic Garden, Washington, D. C. Stewal-t, Wm. J., 11 Hamilton place, Boston, Mass. Sullivan, J. F., 220 Woodward av., Detroit, Mich. Taylor, F. W., St. Louis, Mo. Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park, St. Louis, Mo. Thieman, H., Belchertown, Mass. Thorne, Samuel, 43 Cedar st.. New York, N. Y. Traendly, Frank H., 44 W. 28th st.. New York, N. Y. Yaughan, J. C, 84-86 Randolph st., Chicago, 111. Vesey, W. J., 2602 Thompson av.. Fort Wayne, Ind. Walker, H. G., 644 4th av., Louisville, Ky. Ward, C. W., Queens, N. Y. Washburn, C. L., 76 Wabash av., Chicago, 111. Weber, Fred C, Jr., 4326 Olive st., St. Louis, Mo. Welch, E. J., 226 Devonshire st., Boston, Mass. Welch, P., 226 Devonshire st., Boston, Mass. Whitcomb, A. H., Lawrence, Kan. Whittman, Rudolph, West Hoboken, N. J. Wietor, N. J., 51 Wabash av., Chicago, 111. Vrilliams, Frederick H., Waltham, Mass. Winterson, E. F., 45 Wabash av., Chicago, 111. Wirth, Theo., 3935 Grand av., Minneapolis, Minn. Witterstaetter, Richard, Sedamsville, O. Young, John, 51 W. 28th st.. New York, N. Y. Zweifel, Nic, 14th st. and Groeling av., Milwaukee, Wis. IpO PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION 'ANNUAL MEMBERS FOR 1907. Abbott, John, Hinsdale, Mass. Abele, Otto, 520 Joseph st.. New Orleans, La. Adelberger, Frank, Wayne, Pa. Ahlauser, A., Devon, Pa, Allabaugh, Wm. W., Silver Dell, Pa. Allen, Geo., Princeton, N. J. Allen, J. K., 106 W. 28th st.. New York, N. Y. Albrecht, John Pencoyd Station, Pa. Amerpohl, Edw., 214 S. Main st., Janesville, "Wis. Amling, Albert P., Box 646, Maywood, 111. Amling, E. C, 36 Eandolph st., Chicago, 111. Amrhyn, G. X., Supt. Parks, New Haven, Conn. Anderson, Andrew, Govanstown, Md. Anderson, George, 5230 Woodland av., N. Philadelphia, Pa. Andre, John E., Doylestown, Pa. Appleton, Eugene, 294 Broadway, Providence, E. I. Armitage, Charles, 1133 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Armstrong, Miss J. O., 3720 Olive St., St. Louis, Mo. Arnold, W. A., Chicago, 111. Aschmann, Edw. J., 1012 Ontario st., Philadelphia, Pa. Aschmann, Godfrey, 1012 Ontario st., Philadelphia, Pa. Aschmann, Howard E., 1012 Ontario st., Philadelphia, Pa. Ashley, Ernest, 642 N. 4th st., Allentown, Pa. Atkins, F. L., Kutherford, N. J. Austin, C. C, L. Box 16, Suffield, Conn. Avery, F. P. Tunkhannock, Pa. Bader, John, 43 Eavine st., Allegheny, Pa. Baird, O. L., Dixon, 111. Baker, W. J., 1430 S. Penn. square, Philadelphia, Pa. Baldwin, G., Secaucus, N, J. Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Philadelphia, Pa. Barker, Michael, 324 Dearborn st., Chicago, 111. Barrows, Henry H., Jr., Whitman, Mass. Barry, J. J., 1321 S st., Washington, D. C. BaiTy, Wm. C, Eochester, N. Y. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS I9I Bartels, F. C, North Olmsted, O. Bartholme, Gustav, Manlius St., Syracuse, N. Y. Bartholomew, Geo. W., R. R. No. 11, Dayton, O. Batchelor, Samuel, Crosswicks Farms, Jenkintown, Pa. Batchelor, Samuel J., Crosswicks Farms, Jenkintown, Pa. Bather, John R., Clinton, la. Battles, H. H., 108 S. 12th st., Pliiladelphia, Pa. Bauer, A. J., Erie, Pa. Bauer, Otto, 719 14th st., Washington, D. C. Baum,.C. L., Knoxville, Tenn. Baum, F. P., 52 Kingsley st., Buffalo, N. Y. Baumann, Henry, West Hoboken, N. J. Baumann, L., 76-78 Wabash a v., Chicago, 111. Bay, W., 160 S. Franklin st., Titusville, Pa. Bayersdorfer, Harry, 50-56 N. 4th st., Philadelphia. Beaulieu, Henri, Walker and Belmont avs., Woodhaven, N. Y. Beaven, E. A., Evergreen, Ala. Becker, Jacob, 52d and Market sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Beckert, Theodore F., Coraopolis, Pa. Beneke, J. J., 1216 Olive st., St. Louis, Mo. Bennett, John, Blue Point, L. L, N. Y. Benson, W. A., 1360 S. Sherman st., Denver, Colo. Bentzen, Adolph J., 4025 Marcus av., St. Louis, Mo. Berckmans, L. A., Augusta, Ga. Berger, John, 1305 Filbert st., Philadelphia, Pa. Bergman, V., 159 Evanston av., Chicago, HI. Berkowitz, Paul, 56 N. 4th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Berning, H. G., 1402 Pine st., St. Louis, Mo. Berno, Ed., 181 Hedges st., Mansfield, O. Berrv, Frank, Stillwater, Minn. Bertermann, Irwin C, Indianapolis, Ind. Bester, H. A., 44 E. Baltimore st., Hagerstown, Md. Bester, William, 205 S. Potomac st., Hagerstown, Md. Betz, Harry S., Riverton, N. J. Beyer, Carl, 3619 S. Grand av., St. Louis, Mo. Beyer, Robert, 3619 S. Grand av., St. Louis, Mo. Bindloss, T. Palmer, 257 Montauk av.. New London, (Jonn. Birnie, John, West Hoboken, N. J. Blacker, Wm., Clearfield, Pa. Blackman, Wm., Evansville, Ind. Blick, Lloyd G., 51 Granby st., Norfolk, Va. Bobbink, L. C, Rutherford, N. J. Boehringer, R. G., Bay City, Mich. Boettger, R. E., R. F. D. No. 1, Kenmore, N. Y. 192 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Bond, Geo. H., Louis st., New Brunswick, N. J, Boone, J. W., Clifton Park, Baltimore, Md. Bowersox, E. G., Lewistown, Pa. Brague, L. B., Hinsdale, Mass. Brague, L. H., Hinsdale, Mass. Breck, Chas. H., 51 and 52 N. Market st., Boston, Mass. Breed, E. W., Clinton, Mass. Breitmeyer, Will, Mount Clemens, Mich. Brenneman, S. S., Webb City, Mo. Brown, Chas. J., Rochester, N. Y. Brown, Charles, Canton, O. Brown, H., 5 W, Broad st., Richmond, Va. Brown, Jas., Jr., Coatesville, Pa. Brown, S. F., Greenfield, Mich. Brown, Wm. B., 308 Woodward av., Detroit, Mich. Brown, R. S., Box 335, Kansas City, Mo. Bryant, L. D., Box 11, Kingston, Mass. Buettner, Emil, Park Ridge, HI. Bullock, Mrs. E. M., 812 Marion st., Elkhart, Ind. Bunyard, Harry A., 2-1 E. 34th st.. New York, N. Y. Burgevin, David, Kingston, N. Y. Burgevin, George, Pearl st., Kingston, N. Y. Bumham, Wm. A., Irvington, N. Y. Burnham, Wm. Wallace, 59th st. and 34th av., New York, N. Y. Burns, Alexander S., Woodside, N. Y. Burpee, W. Atlee, 5th and Willow sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Burton, Alex R., 5160 Funniston st., West Philadelphia, Pa. Bush, Ernest J., R. F. D. No. 1, Hatboro, Pa. Byrnes, Peter S., Wickford, R. T. Campbell, Alfred M., 1510 Sampson st., Philadelphia, Pa. Campbell, H. P., Shamokin, Pa. Cantley, Robt., Ridge and Lehigh sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Carmody, J. D., Evansville, Ind. Carney, W. H., 545 Liberty st., Pittsburg, Pa. Carpenter, Dale, Cohoes, N. Y. Carr, Geo. W., Kingston, Pa. Castle, W. W., 170 Summer st., Boston, Mass. Champion, J. N., New Haven, Conn. Chandler, Aleda, Berlin, Rens. Co., N. Y. Chase, Benj., Derry, N. H. Childs, John Lewis, Floral Park, L. I., N. Y. Clack, Sidney, Menlo Park, Cal. Clark, Edw., New London, Conn. Clauson, G. A., Albert Lea, Minn. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS I93 Coddington, L. B., Murray Hill, N. J. Cogger, Thos., 41 North st., Eochester, N. Y. Coleman, Waters, Grass Valley, Cal. Coles, W. W., Kokomo, Ind. Collins, Thos., Hinsdale, Mass. Congdon, John L., Boston, Mass. Connon, John, Hamilton, Ont, Connor, D. T., 2033 N. 20th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Connor, J. E., Coatesville, Pa. Cook, Henry, 7417 Pearl st.. New Orleans, La. Cook, John, 318 N. Charles st., Baltimore, Md. Cook, John A., 318 N. Charles st., Baltimore, Md. Cook, M., 143 Baronne st.. New Orleans, La. Coombs, John, 118 Benton st., Hartford, Conn. Corbett, L. C, Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Cotter, Lawrence, 321 Center st., Dorchester, Mass. Cowell, J. F., Botanic Garden, Buffalo, N. Y. Cox, C. W., 49th and Market st., Philadelphia, Pa. Cox, Geo. H., Toronto, Ont. Craig, George, 211 S. 11th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Craig, Eobt. A., 4900 Market st., W. Philadelphia, Pa. Craig, W. N., North Easton, Mass. Craig, W. P., 1305 Filbert st., Philadelphia, Pa. Craw, Lyman B., 1133 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Crighton, Wm., Plymouth, Mass. Critchell, C. E., 36 E. 3d st., Cincinnati, O. Crowell, S. W., Mgr. TJ. S. Nursery Co., Eich, Miss. Crump, Frank F., 509 E. Columbia st., Colorado Springs, Colo. Gumming^ Alex., Elizabeth Park, Hartford, Conn. Cunningham, Jos. H., 325 W. Williams st., Delaware, O. Curran, James J., Salem, Va. Cushman, E. H., Sylvania, O. Cutler, O. W., Niagara Falls, N. Y. Dallas, A., Waterbury, Conn. Dallwig, C, 34 Juneau av., Milwaukee, Wis. Darrow, H. F., 26 Barclay st.. New York, N. Y. Davidson, Geo. E., Hamilton, Ont. Davis, F. P., Mobile, Ala. Davis, Jos. B., Wildmont, Orange, N. J. Davis, J, W., Morrison, HI. De La Mare, A. T., Ehinelander Bldg., New York, N. Y. Demas, P. J., 215-223 Diamond st., Pittsburg, Pa. Demeusy, A., Clarkson st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Denker, Edwin, St. Charles, Mo. 194 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Dickinson, Charles, W. Taylor and The Kiver, Chicago, 111. Dickinson, Geo. E., 1 Broadway, N. Y. Diedrich, Theo., Congress Heights, Washington, D. C. Dieterich, C. P., 219 Market St., Maysville, Ky. Dildine, W. H., 144 N. Union st., Eochester, N. Y. Dilger, Wm., 26 Miami av., Detroit, Mich. Dillon, Max G., Bloomsburg, Pa. Dillon, Mrs. J. L., Bloomsburg, Pa. Dirwanger, Albert, Portland, Me. Dobbs, Wm. G., Auburn, N. Y. Dodds, John, Wyncote, Pa. Donaher, Miss Mary M., 1212 Market st., Wheeling, W. Va. Dole, C. L., Lockport, N. Y. Donaldson, John, Elmhurst, L. I., N. Y. Donnelly, Harry, care Haskell Flo. Co., Dallas, Tex. Dorp, Victor B., 818 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. Dreer, W^m. F., 714 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. Duckham, William, Madison, N. J. Dudley, C. P., Parkersburg, W. Va. Dungan, E. C, 1711 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. Dunlop, John H., 644 Lansdowne av., Toronto, Can. DuEie, W. B., Eahway, N. J. Eble, Charles, 106 Baronne st.. New Orleans, La. Edlef sen, Wm., 349 3d st., Milwaukee, W^is. Edwards, Geo. J., 29 and 31 N. 7th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Eger, W. C, 1408 State st., Schenectady, N. Y. Ehret, Fred, 1403 Fairmount av., Philadelphia, Pa. Eichholz, Henry, Waynesboro, Pa. Eisele, C, 11th and Eoy sts., Philadelphia, Pa, Eisele, J. D., Eiverton, N. J. Eisenhart, E. M., Torresdale Station, Philadelphia, Pa. Elder, Andrew, Irvington, N. Y. Elliott, John S., Brighton, Mass. Ellsworth, W. J., Jesamine, Fla. Engel, Geo., Xenia, O. Enggren, E. L., Aqueduct, L. I., N. Y. Ernst, Otto F., 77 Cedar st., Norwich, Conn. Eschner, B., 1220 Eace st., Philadelphia, Pa. Falck, Wm. C, 1514 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. Falconer, D., Chatham, N. J. Falconer, Wm., Pittsburg, Pa. Fancourt, E. J., 1612-18 Ludlow st., Philadelphia, Pa. Faulkner, A. F., Station H., Washington, D. C. Faust, Harry I., Merion, Pa. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 1 95 Fehr, A. G., 220 E. Main st., Belleville, 111. Fenrich, J. S., 110 W. 28th st., New York, N. Y. Fetters, E. A., 275 Woodward av., Detroit, Mich. Fillmore, F. J. 4232 Nebraska av., St. Louis, Mo. Finlayson, Duncan, Avon st., Jamaica Plain, Mass. Fisher, Peter, Ellis, Mass. Fitzgerald, Augustus, 131 Lincoln av., Detroit, Mich. Flitton, N. F., Clifton Park, Baltimore, Md. Fohn, Carl U., care Gen. Wm. J. Palmer, Colorado Springs, Colo. Foley, Philip J., 26th st. and Western av., Chicago, 111. Forbes, Miss Clara P., 1212 Market st.. Wheeling, W. Va. Forest, Jacob, Greenfield, Ind. Ford, C. S., Box 106, Philadelphia, Pa. Forristel, W. H., Plainfield, N. J. Fotheringham, John E., Tarrytown, N. Y. Fraser, Wm., Ruxton, Md. Frauenfelder, C, 1602 West Madison st., Chicago, 111. Frey, Alois, Lincoln Park, Chicago, 111. Frischkorn, Aug., 103 Federal st., Pittsburg, Pa. Fuchs, J. J., 1710 Carson st., Pittsburg, Pa. Fulmer, J. T. D., 910 Des Moines st., Des Moines, la. Gammage, W. W., London, Ont. Gause, G. R., Richmond, Ind. Geiger, Henry C, 335 N. 6th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Gelven, Chas. H., 4th st. and Park av., Sedalia, Mo. George, E. B., Painesville, O. Geschick, Emil H., Main and Johnson sts., Germantown, Pa. Giles, John H., Reading, Pa. Gillett, E, G., 113 E. 3d st., Cincinnati, O. Gingrich, Irving, South Bend, Ind. Gipner, John, Niles, Mich. Glauber, Emil, Montclair, Colo. Goebel, Geo., 1601 Columbia av., Philadelphia, Pa. Goldenson, Morris, 229 W. 3d st., Los Angeles, Cal. Goodlive, J. T., 602 Greenwood av., Zanesville, O. Gordon, J. Palmer, Ashland, Va. Goudy, Jos. J., 714 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. Grady, John C, 28th st. and Columbia av., Philadelphia, Pa. Graham, C. J., 2849 Euclid av., Cleveland, O. Graham, Robert L., 623 Asquith st., Baltimore, Md. Graham, Wm., 104 South 13th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Grant, G. L., 334 Dearborn st., Chicago, 111. Gravett, W. E., Lancaster, O. Greene, Wesley, Des Moines, la. 196 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Gregg, S. A., Charlestown, W. Va. Griffin, Arthur, Ledge road, Newport, E. I. Griffin, James, Foulkrod st., Frankfort, Philadelphia, Pa. Grillbortzer, D. G., Alexandria, Va. Groff, H. H., Simeoe, Ont. Grohman, E. A., Saginaw, E. S., Mich. Guenther, Chas. T., Hamburg, N, Y. Haentze, E., Fond du Lac, Wis. Haentze, R., Fond du Lac, Wis, Hagemann, William, 55 Bey st., New York, N. Y. Haehl, Ernest F., 60th st. and Gibson- av., W. Philadelphia, Pa. Hahman, F., Sta. F., 33d Ward, Philadelphia, Pa. Hall, W. E., Clyde, O. Halliday, Robt., 329 N. Charles st., Baltimore, Md. Halstead, A. S., Belleville, HI. Hammond, W. A., 107 E. Broad st., Richmond, Va. Hanna, Alexander Y., 502 N. 3-ith st., Philadelphia, Pa. Hannaford, R. E., Portsmouth, N. H. Hansen, Miss Elise H., Catskill, N. Y. Harper, Wm. W., Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Harrison, W. C, Painesville, O. Harry, Winfield S., 11-1 Harry st., Conshohocken, Pa. Hart, Benno L., 1369 Elliott st., Cleveland, O. Hart, Geo. B., Rochester, N. Y. Hart, H. A., 1262-1272 Detroit st., Cleveland, O. Haube, Joseph, 915 Fallowfield av., Charlevoi, Pa. Hauck, Jacob, 51 Montgomery st., Bloomfield, N. J. Heacock, Joseph, Wyncote, Pa. Head, Thos. W., Groton, Conn. Heiss, J. B., Dayton, O. Hellenthal, J. J., 32 East Moore st., Columbus, O. Helmer, John B., Detroit, Mich. Henderson, Charles, 35-37 Cortlandt st., New York, N. Y. Henderson, Lewis, 1519 Farnum st., Omaha, Neb. Hendricks, C. W., Calla, O. Henry, F. H., 97 Water st.. New York, N. Y. Henshaw, A. M., 44 W. 28th st.. New York, N. Y. Hentz, Henry, Jr., Madison, N. J. Herendeen, F. W., Geneva, N. Y. Herold, Ludwig, 512 6th st., S. E., Washington, D. C. Herr, Albert M., P. O. Box 338, Lancaster, Pa. Herrmann, A., 404-412 E. 34th st.. New York, N. Y. Hess, Conrad, 329 Friendship av., Waverly, Md. Hewson, C. J., 1639 Abbott road, Buffalo, N. Y. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 1 97 Hey, Albert T., Springfield, 111. Hill, E. Gurney, Eichmond, Ind. Hippard, E., Youngstown, O. Hitchcock, E. H., Glenwood, Mich. Hitchcock, W. S., New Kochelle, N. Y. Hitz, John, 1601 35th st., N. W., Washington, D. C. Hoffmeister, August, "White st. near Queen City av., Cincinnati, O. Holbrow, C. E., 712 Washington st., Brighton, Mass. Holt, E. W., 416 E. 102d st., New York, N. Y. Holton, Fred H., 457 Milwaukee st., Milwaukee, Wis. Honaker, D. B., 162 W. Main st., Lexington, Ky. Honaker, O. S., 162 W. Main st., Lexington, Ky. Horgon, Daniel C, Macon, Ga. Horlacher, W., Dayton, O. Hornecker, Henry, 172 S. Grove st., East Orange, N. J. Howard, H. B., 334 Dearborn st., Chciago, HI. Hunkel, H. V., 462 Milwaukee st., Milwaukee, Wis. Hunniek, E., Eough Point, Newport, E. I. Hunt, Chas., Box 258, Pt. Eichmond, S. L, N. Y. Huntsman, Frank, 609 Walnut St., Cincinnati, O. Huss, J. F., 1103 Asylum av., Hartford, Conn. Irish, H. C, Mo. Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Mo. Jackson, J. E. Gainesville, Ga. Jacobs, Fred W., 604 Hartshorne st., Alliance, O. Jansen, Edw., 112-116 W. 18th st.. New York, N. Y. Jensen, J. E., 674 W. Foster av., Chicago, 111. Johnson, George, 18 Earl st., Providence, E. I. Johnson, Mrs. Fred H., 45 Whitney av., Olean, N. Y. Johnson, H. W., Kendallville, Ind. Johnston, Wm. J., 223 W. Madison st., Baltimore, Md. Jones, J. E., 542 N. 14th st., Eichmond, Ind. Jones, S. Morris, West Grove, Pa. Juengel, Charles A., 1837-1847 S. 14th st., St. Louis, Mo. Juerjens, B., Peoria, 111. Jurgeus, Carl, Newport, E. I. Just, George, Gainesville, Ga. Kahlert, Chas. W., 1514 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. Kalb, Geo. S., Catonsville, Md. Kanst, E. A., 5700 Cottage Grove av., Chicago, 111. Kaplinger, J. H., Govanstown, Md. Karins, J. J., 1714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. Keller, George, 361-363 Herndon st., Chicago, 111. Keller, S., 122 W. 25th st.. New York, N. Y. Kelley, J. C, 1918 E. 40th st., Cleveland, O. 198 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Kenna, Dennis, 257 E. Ontario st., Chicago, 111. Kessler, Phil F, 55 W. 26th st. New York, N. Y. Kidder, Harvey E, Ionia, Mich. Kift, Kobert, 1725 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. King, R. O., N. Tonawanda, N. Y. Kirchner, T. J., 6701 Quincy av., Cleveland, O. Klehm, Charles, Arlington Heights, 111. Klopfer, G., Peoria, 111. Knapp, W. H., Newtonville, Mass. Knight, Thomas, Rutherford, N. J. Knoble, H. P., 1836 West 25th st., Cleveland, O. Koch, C. E., 326 Clarkson st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Kocher, Fred, Gibsonia, Pa. Koehler, Wm. H., 4172 Germantown av., Philadelphia, Pa. Kramer, Charles, Alexandria, Va. Kramer, F. H., 423 Centre Market, Washington, D. C. Kramer, J. A., Cedar Rapids, la. Krick, W. C, 1164 Greene av., Brooklyn, N. Y. Krombach, Charles, 181 25th st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Krueger, August, Meadville, Pa. Krueger, C. F., P. & R. Terminal, Philadelphia, Pa. Krut, Anton, Jr., Butler, Pa. Kueble, W. H., 28 Willoughby st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Kuhl, George A., Pekin, 111. Kuhn, John, 405 Tabor road, Olney, Pa. Kunzman, Mary C, 3710 High av., Louisville, Ky. Kyrk, L. H., 110 E. 3d st., Cincinnati, O. Labo, J., Joliet, 111. Lager, John E., Summit, N. J. Lamb, James M., Fayetteville, N. C. Langhans, A., Wheeling, W. Va. Langhans, T. P., 504 Liberty st., Pittsburg, Pa. Larson, P. L., Fort Dodge, la. Larzelere, C. E., 126 S. 4th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Lautenschlager, Fred, 2561 N. 41st court, Chicago, 111. Laver, J. V., 705 State st., Erie, Pa. Lehr, Henry M., Brooklyn, Md. Lemon, Fred H., Richmond, Ind. Leonard, W. A., Lansdowne, Pa. Lewis, Henry K., Collingdale, Pa. Lewis, W. L., Marlboro, Mass. Ley, J. H., Good Hope, D. C. Lieker, E. F., Lansdowne, Pa. Limbach, Casper, Pittsburg, Pa. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS I99 Loeber, George W., Locklaiul, O. Loechuer, Charles, 31 Barclay st., New York, N. Y. Loew, ^Villiam, 914 Pike st., Allegheny, Pa. Logan, Thomas W., Jenkintown, Pa. Lohr, William, Sta, D., Baltimore, Mel. Long, D. B., 13 1^. Snow St., Buffalo, N. Y. Longren, A. F., Desplaines, 111. Lonsdale, Edwin, Girard Coll., Philadelphia, Pa. Lorenz, Geo., Grand av.. Long Island City, N. Y. Lotze, G., Glen Burnie, Md. Lovett, Lester C, Little Silver, N. J. Liidwig, Gustavo, 208 Allegheny Market, Allegheny, Pa. Ludwig, J. W., Allegheny Market, Allegheny, Pa, Lueck, Edward, Westerley, K. I. Luffraan, Geo. E., Birmingham, Ala. Lynch, P. J., West Grove, Pa. Macrae, John A., 1246 Smith st.. Providence, K. I. MacEorie, D., South Orange, N. J. Manda, Joseph A., 191 Valley road. West Orange, N. J. Manker, Frank, Cor. Gravesend and Greenwood avs., Brooklyn, N. Y. Manning, J. W., Jr., 1150 Tremont Bldg., Boston, Mass. Mansfield, Thos., 481 Holly st., Lockport, N. Y. Mansfield, Wm. H., 481 Holly st., Lockport, N. Y. Martin, F. W., 280-290 40th st., Chicago, 111. Massmann, F. W., 438 Moonfield av., Montclair, N. J. Matthews, Warren G., Dayton Floral Co., Dayton, O. Maule, Wm. H., 1711 Filbert st., Philadelphia, Pa. May, Harry O., Somerton, N, J. McClure, Geo. W., 832 W. Delevan av., Buffalo, N. Y. McConnell, Alex., 571 5th av.. New York, N. Y. McCullough, Albert, 316 Walnut st., Cincinnati, O. McCullough, J. Chas., 2d and Walnut sts., Cincinnati, O. McHutchison, J., 17 Murray st., New^ York, N. Y. McKellar, C. W., 51 Wabash av., Chicago, 111. McKinstry, D. S., Kankakee, 111. McKissick, Wm. E., 1221 Filbert st., Philadelphia, Pa. McLennan, Eobt., Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. McMahon, Frank, Seabright, N. J. McPheron, E. A., Litchfield, 111. Meehan, Thos. B., Dreshertown, Pa. Mellis, D. Y., Flatbush, Brooklyn, N. Y. Merkel, John, Mentor, O. Meyer, John C, P. O., Box 2487, Boston, Mass. Meyn, Henry, 2045 Germantown av., Philadelphia, Pa. 200 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Michell, H. F., 1018 Market st., Philadelphia Pa. Michler, Chas., Jr., Lexington, Ky. Miller, A. L., Station E, Brooklyn, N. Y. Miller, H. S., Alliance, O. Miller, J. L., Lynn, Mass. Miller, Theodore, 4832 Delmar bd., St. Louis, Mo. Miller, Wm., 882 Western av.. West Lynn, Mass. Miller, William, Bar Harbor, Me. Mills, C. D., Jacksonville, Fla. Mills, Mark P., 55th and Springfield sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Molloy, Wm. P., Wellesley, Mass. Monson, John, 36th st. and Calhoun bd., Minneapolis, Minn. Montgomery, Eobt., Natick, Mass. Moon, S. C, Morrisville, Pa. Moon, W. H., Morrisville, Pa. Moore, Frank L., Chatham, N. J. Mosbaek, Ludwig, Onarga, 111. Moss, C. A., Spartanburg, S. C. Moss, George M., 920 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. Moss, I. H., Govanstown, Md. Murphy, C. C, Station F., Cincinnati, O. Muth, W. J., 1516 Sansome st., Philadelphia, Pa. Newbury, E. C, Mitchell, S. D. Newman, J. E., Winchester, Mass. Newsham, J. A., 1402 Nashville av.. New Orleans, La. Nichols, John, Scotdale, Pa. Nicholson, Wm., Framingham, Mass. Nilsson, Wm., Woodlawn, N. Y. Obermeyer, Gustav, Parkersburg, W. Va. Oelschig, A. C, Savannah, Ga. Olsem, Peter, Joliet, 111. Olson, O. J., 20-24 W. 5th st., St. Paul, Minn. O'Neil, B., Elgin, 111. O 'Quinn, J. L., Polk and Swain sts., Kaleigh, N. C. Pahud, Alfred, Crown Hill Cemetery, Indianapolis, Ind. Palmer, F. E., Brookline, Mass. Palmer, W. J., 304 Main st., Buffalo, N. Y. Papworth, H., New Orleans, La. Parker, Glenn K., Pleasant Hill, N. J. Parker, John L., Birmingham, Ala. Partridge, Wm. K., 148 E. 4th st., Cincinnati, O. Pastor, Geo., Huntington, Ind. Patten, Marcellus A., Tewksbury, Mass. Pattison, Thos., Campbell av.. West Haven, Conn, SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 20I Paul, Oglesby, 220 S. 4th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Peck, S. N., 1707 Broadway, Toledo, O. Peirce, E. Allen, Waltham, Mass. Pendleton, W. E., New London, Conn. Pennock, A. J., Lansdowne, Pa. Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic st., Cleveland, O. Perkins, G. C, Newark, N. Y. Perry, John J., 505 N. Eutaw st., Baltimore, Md. Perry, W. B., Cresco, la. Peterson, Arthur, Escanaba, Mich. Peterson, Charles, Whiting st.. West Hartford, Conn. Peterson, J. A., McHenry av., Westwood, Cincinnati, O. Pettigrew, J. A., Park Dept., Boston, Mass. Petzke, Ernest A., Hixton, Wis. Phillips, James A., Washington, D. C. Phillips, J. v., 272 Fulton st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Philpott, H. E., Winnipeg, Man. Pierce, Edward L., care A. H. Hews & Co., North Cambridge, Mass. Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough, N. Y. Pierson, Wallace R., Cromwell, Conn. Pilcher, W. J., Kirkwood, Mo. Piorkovski, F. E., White Plains, N. Y. Plath, Hans, 510 Wyoming st., San Francisco, Cal. Piatt, Frank S., 376 State st., New Haven, Conn. Pochelon, Albert, 153 Bates st., Detroit, Mich. Polites, Frank, 13th and Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. PoUworth, C. C, 54 City Hall square, Milwaukee, Wis. Pouting, Fred, 303 Eddy road, Station H, Cleveland, O. Pyfer, A. T., 388 Duncan st., Joliet, HI. Pyle, Robert, 129 E. Evergreen st., West Grove, Pa. Quinlan, P. R., 311 S. Salina st., Syracuse, N. Y. Rahaley, R. M., 38 Broadway, Detroit, Mich. Rasmussen, Anders, New Albany, Ind. Rawson, Warren W., 5 Union St., Boston, Mass. Rea, Frederic J., Norwood, Mass. Reasoner, E. N., Oneco, Fla. Reed, Wm. N., 122 W. 25th st.. New York, N. Y. Rehder, Wm., Wilmington, N. C. Rehm, Henry, 500 Cherokee st., New Orleans, La. Reid, Edw., 1526 Ranstead st., Philadelphia, Pa. Reimels, John, Woodhaven, L. I., N. Y. Reineman, E. C, 16 Lowry st., Allegheny, Pa. Rentschler, Fred, 1301 Williamson st., Madison, Wis. Reukauf, Martin, 50-56 N. 4th st., Philadelphia, Pa. 202 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Reuter, L. J., Westerley, R. I. Renter, S. J., Westerly, R. I. Rich, W. W., 66 Beaver st., New York, N. Y. Richmond, Mack, 1813 N. Pulaski st., Baltimore, Md. Rieger, Christian, Forbes and Boyd sts., Pittsburg, Pa. Rieman, H. W., 1207 S. East st., Indianapolis, Ind. Ringier, A., 161 E. Kinzie st., Chicago, 111. Ritter, Herman H., 435 Grand av., Dayton, O. Robbins, Jesse, Carlisle, Pa. Robertson, Wm., care J. W. Pepper, Jenkintown, Pa. Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville, Ky. Rock, W. L., 1116 Walnut st., Kansas City, Mo. Rockwell, W. C, Bradford, Pa. Rodgers, J. W., Station F, Cincinnati, O. Roebling, Chas. G., 333 W. State st., Trenton, N. J. Roehrs, Julius, Jr., Rutherford, N. J. Roehrs, Theo., 511 E. 176th st.. New York, N. Y. Rohrer, H. D., Lancaster, Pa. Roland, Thomas, Nahant, Mass. Rolker, Jos. E., 31 Barclay st.. New York, N. Y. Rolker, Winfried, 31 Barclay st.. New York, N. Y. Rosenfield, J. F., West Point, Neb. Rosnosky, I., 1018 Market st., Philadelphia, Pa. Roth, C. A., 5 N. High st., Columbus, O. . Rudd, W. N., Morgan Park, 111. Ruedlinger, C. N., 2924 S. Aldrich av., Minneapolis, Minn. Runyan, E., Elizabeth, N. J. Rupp, N. J., 297-307 Hawthorne av., Chicago, 111. Ruppert, John A., Riverton, N. J. Rusconi, D., 32 W. 6th st., Cincinnati, O. Sabransky, John F., Kenton, O. Salter, A. H., Rochester, N. Y. Saltf ord, W. A., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Samuelson, C. A., 2129 Michigan av., Chicago, 111. *Sanders, Edgar, 1669 Belmont av., Chicago, 111. Sandif ord, Robt., Mansfield, O. Satterthwaite, John, 34th av. and Downing st., Denver, Colo. Schaffer, Geo. C, 14th and I sts., Washington, D. C. Schloss, Emil, 533 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Schmidt, Wm., 432 Main st., Johnstown, Pa. Schmitt, Chas. A., 142 Burton av.. Station H, Cleveland, O. Schmutz, L., 131 Clarkson st., Flatbush, Brooklyn, N. Y. Schneider, A. H., Oak Park, 111. * Deceased. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 2O3 Schray, Emile, 4101 Pennsylvania av., St. Louis, Mo. Schuck, Charles, 2455 N. 8th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Schultheis, A., College Point, N. Y. Schultz, Jacob, 644 Fourth av., Louisville, Ky. Schupp, Philip C, J. A. Budlong Estate, Chicago, 111. Schwab, Henry, 730 Adair av., Zanesville, O. Scott, A. B., Sharon Hill, Del. Co., Pa. Scott, C. W., 84 Kandolph st., Chicago, HI. Scott, John, Flatbush, Brooklyn, N. Y. Scott, E. S,, Main and Balcom sts., Buffalo, N. Y. Scott, Wm., Main and Balcom sts., Buffalo, N. Y. Schwake, Charles, 99 Warren st., New York, N. Y. Scribner, E. A., 604 E. 1st st., Detroit, Mich. Scales, Hugh, Birmingham, Ala. Seele, H. D., Elkhart, Ind. Seidewitz, E. A., 36 W. Lexington st., Baltimore, Md. Seybold, Chas. L., Patterson Park, Baltimore, Md. Shanley, Jas., 216 W. 25th st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Shaw, J. Austin, Box 545, New York, N. Y. Shellen, John A., 1804 S. 17th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Shirley, W. S., Birmingham, Ala. Sim, William, Cliftondale, Mass. Simmonds, S., 1500 New Hampshire av., Washington, D. C. Simon, Chas., Jr., Wilmington, Del. Simpson, E., East Liverpool, O. Sinner, John, Rogers Park, Chicago, 111. Small, Dan E., 221 E. Sycamore st., Kokomo, Ind. Smith, A. W., Boggs av., Pittsburg, Pa. Smith, Geo. W., 606 Huron road, Cleveland, O. Smith, Henry G., Grosse Pt. Farms, Detroit, Mich. Smith, Harry J., Maple st., Hinsdale, Mass. Smith, Henry, 139 Monroe st.. Grand Eapids, Mich. Smith, Jos. F., 154 Main st., Norwich, Conn. Smith, W. C, 61st and Market sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Smith, W. J., Pittsburg, Pa. Smith, William, 1316 Pine st., St. Louis, Mo. Smyth, W. J., 270 31st st., Chicago, 111. Soldan, L., New Haven, Conn. Spiedel, Otto, Oconomowoc, Wis. Stache, Herman C, 649 Second st., Manchester, N. H. Stahelein, A. J., Bedford, Mich. Steidle, J., Central, Mo. Steinhoff, H. C, 578 Boulevard, West Hoboken, N. J. Stern, J., 1928 Germantown av., Philadelphia, Pa. 204 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Stern, C. B., Montgomery, Ala. Stevenson, E. W., Govanstown, Baltimore, Md. Stevenson, T. C, Harwood a v., Germantown, Baltimore, Md. Stewart, Arthur, Elmwood Cemetery, Winnipeg, Can. Stewart, Kobt. A., 212 S. 13th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Stoehr, K. C, Dayton, O. Stokes, Walter P., 219 Market st., Philadelphia, Pa. Strohlein, Geo. A., Eiverton, N. J. Stroud, E. A., Philadelphia, Pa. Stroup, T. Bradford, New Philadelphia, O. Struck, Geo. P., Summit, N. J. • Stuebe, Wm. J., 404 Main st., Watertown, Wis. Suder, Mrs. E., 323 Adams st., Toledo, O. Swayne, Wm., Box 226, Kennett Square, Pa. Swenson, Gustav, Elmhurst, 111. Swoboda, Geo. H., 5807 N. 24th st., Omaha, Neb. Symonds, W. T., Decorah, la. Taepke, Gus H., 450 Elmwood av., Detroit, Mich. Taplin, W. H., Holmesburg, Pa. Taylor, Edward J., Greens Farms, Conn. Temple, J. T., Davenport, la. Thau, M., Govanstown, Md. Thielman, John M., 890 Broadw^ay, Brooklyn, N. Y. Thilow, J. Otto, 714 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. Thompson, J. D., Joliet, 111. Thorne, A. L., Flushing, N. Y. Tobler, H., Traverse City, Mich. Totty, Charles H., Madison, N. J. Towill, Edward, Eoslyn, Pa. Trefifenger, C. H., Van W^ert, O. Trepess, Samuel J., Maxwelton, Glen Cove, L. I., N. Y. Tull, John H., Chambersburg, Pa. Turner, Harry, Port Washington, L. I., N. Y. Turner, Lewis, Kenosha, Wis. Ude, F, W., Jr., Kirkwood, Mo. Uffler, C, Govanstown, Md. Ullrich, E. J., Tiffin, O. Unger, E. W., 239 Vandyke, av., Detroit, Mich. Valentine, J. A., 1706 Broadway, Denver, Colo. Van Aart, .lohn A., Newton, Pa. Van Herff, B., 99 Nassau st.. New York, N. Y. Van Lindley, J., Pomona, N. C. Vaughan, A. L., 60 Wabash av., Chicago, 111. Vaughan, L. H., 84-86 Eandolph st., Chicago, 111. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 205 Vick, Chas. H., Koehester, N. Y. Vick, F. W., Rochester, N. Y. Viereek, Frank C, 328 W. Market st., Akron, O. Vincent, E., Jr., White Marsh, Md. Vincent, E, A., White Marsh, Md, Vineca, E. W., New Salem, Mass, Virgin, Uriah J., 838 Canal st.. New Orleans, La. Wachendorf, C, J., 502 Simpson av., Atlanta, Ga, Waldbart, Geo., 516 N, Grand av,, St. Louis, Mo. Waldbart, Alexander, Hamilton av. and Horton place, St. Louis, Mo. Wallace, Alex. Ehinelander Bldg., New York, N. Y, Walsh, M. H., Woods Hole, Mass. Warburton, C, 81 New Boston road, Fall Eiver, Mass. Warnke, William, 3744 Woodland av., S. E., Cleveland O. Washburn, Frank L., Bloomington, HI. Watson, Geo. C, 1614 Ludlow st., Philadelphia, Pa. V/atson, John, 13 Grant st., Newark, N. Y. Weathered, C, B,, 46-48 Marion st., New York, N. Y. Weaver, A., 27 S. Cedar st., Masillon, O. Weber, Chas., Lynbrook, L. I., N. Y. Weber, F. C, 4326 Olive st., St. Louis, Mo. Weber, F, H., Boyle & Maryland av., St. Louis, Mo. Weber, Wm. E. F., S. Ashmun st., Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. Weeber, Chas. G., 33 Buckingham road, Brooklyn, N. Y. Weiland, Geo., 602 Davis st., Evanston, HI. Weir, John E., 324 Fulton st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Welch, David, 226 Devonshire st., Boston, Mass, Wertheimer, S, B., 465 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Westcott, John, Eidge and Lehigh aves., Philadelphia, Pa. Westcott, Wm. B., Eidge and Lehigh aves., Philadelphia, Pa. Westcott, Wm. H., Eidge and Lehigh aves., Philadelphia, Pa. Wheeler, Wilfred, Concord, Mass. Whelan, F. A., Mt. Vernon, Va. Whilldin, John G., Philadelphia, Pa. White, John, Pittsfield, Mass. Whitehill, E. C, E. F. D. No. 1, Newburg, N. Y. Whitnall, C. B., 1184 Humboldt av., Milwaukee, Wis, Whitted, Miss H, B,, 409 Nicollet av., Minneapolis, Minn. Wiegand, A., 1610 N. Hlinois st., Indianapolis, Ind. Wiegand, Geo. B., 1610 N. Hlinois st., Indianapolis, Ind. Wienhoeber, E., 417 Elm st., Chicago, 111. Wienhoeber, G. W., 417 Elm st., Chicago, 111. Wilcox, J. F., Council Bluffs, la. Wilcox, Eoy F., Council Bluffs, la. 206 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION Will, O. A., 2405 19th av., north, Minneapolis, Minn. Wilson, Amanda L., cor. Mildred and Pleasant sts., Montgomery, Ala. Windmiller, Fred, Box 141 E. E. 3, Berea, O. Winter, Wm., N. Taylor st., Kirkwood, Mo. Winterich, C, Defiance, O. Wintzer, A., West Grove, Pa. Wise, L. H., Hackensack, N. J. Withers, John T., 1 Montgomery st., Jersey City, N. J. W^ittbold, Geo., 1657 Buckingham PL, Chicago, 111. Wohlert, A. E., Merion, Pa. Wolf, John, Ott and Anderson sts., Savannah, Ga. Wolff, J., Jr., 1617 N. 19th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Wood, L. E., Fishkill, N. Y. Yale, Thomas G., Wellington, O. Yates, Walter N., 7356 Germantown av., Philadelphia, Pa. Yost, C. C, 146 N. 8th st., Lebanon, Pa. Young, Henry, 5511 Waterman av,, St. Louis, Mo. Young, J. W., Germantown, Pa. Young, Wm. C, 1406 Olive st., St. Louis, Mo. Zeller, Alfred, 442 Clarkson st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Zettler, L. J., Canton, O. Zimmer, Chas., W. Collingwood, N. J. Zimmerman, J. F., Dixmont, Allegheny Co., Pa. Zuger, Peter, Elizabeth Park, Hartford, Conn. Zvolanek, Ant. C, Bound Brook, N. J. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 207 LIST OF MEMBERS BY STATES. ALABAMA. E. A. Beaven, Evergreen, State Vice-President. Beaven, E. A., Evergreen. Davis, F. P., Mobile. Luffman, Geo. E., Birmingham. Parker, John L., Birmingham. Seales, Hugh, Birmingham. Shirley, W. S., Birmingham. Stern, S. B., Montgomery. Wilson, Amanda L., cor. Mildred and Pleasant sts., Montgomery. CALIFORNIA. Hans Plath, San Francisco, State Vice-President. Clack, Sidney, Menlo Park. Coleman, Waters, Grass Valley. Goldenson, Morris, 229 W. 3d st., Los Angeles. Plath, Hans, 510 Wyoming st., San Francisco. COLORADO. J. A. Valentine, Denver, State Vice-President. Benson, W. A., 1360 S. Sherman st., Denver. Crump, Frank F., 509 E. Columbia st., Colorado Springs. Fohn, Carl U., care Gen. W. J. Palmer, Colorado Springs. Glauber, Emil, Montclair. Satterthwaite, John, 34th av. and Downing st., Denver. Valentine, J. A., 1706 Broadway, Denver. 208 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION CONNECTICUT. Peter Zuger, Hartford, State Vice-President. Amrhyn, G. X., Supt. Parks, New Haven. Austin, C. C, Suffield. Bindloss, T. Palmer, 257 Montauk av.. New London. Champion, J. N., New Haven. Ciark, Edw., New London. Coombs, John, 118 Benton st., Hartford. Cumming, Alex., Elizabeth Park, Hartford. Dallas, A., Waterbury. Ernst, Otto P., 77 Cedar st., Norwich. Head, Thos. W., Groton. Huss, J. F., 1103 Asylum av., Hartford. Pattison, Thos., Campbell av., West Haven. Pendleton, W. E., New London. Peterson, Chas., Whiting st.. West Hartford. Pierson, Wallace K., Cromwell. Piatt, Frank S., 376 State st.. New Haven. Smith, Jos. F., 154 Main st., Norwich. Soldan, L., New Haven. Taylor, Edward J., Greens Farms. Zuger, Peter, Elizabeth Park, Hartford. DISTEICT OF COLUMBIA. W. H. Ernest, Washington, State Vice-President. Barry, J. J., 1321 S st., Washington. Bauer, Otto, 719 14th st., Washington. Bisset, Peter, Twin Oaks, Washington. (Life.) Cooke, Geo. H., Conn. av. and L st., Washington. (Life.) Corbett, L. C, Dept. Agriculture, Washington. Diedrich, Theo., Congress Heights, Washington. Ernest, Wm. H., 28th and M sts., N. E., Washington. (Life.) Faulkner, A. F., Station H, Washington. Freeman, J. R., 612 13th st., N. W., Washington. (Life.) Gude, Adolphus, 1214 F st., Washington. (Life.) Gude, William F., 1214 F st., Washington. (Life.) Herold, Ludwig, 512 6th st., S. E., Washington. Hitz, John, 1601 35th st., N. W., Washington. Kramer, F. H., 423 Centre Market, Washington. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 209 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.— Continued. Ley, J. H., Good Hope. Loffler, E. C, 3800 Brightwood av., Washington. (Life.) McLennan, Eobt., Dept. Agriculture, Washington. Moseley, Edw. A., Hess & Co., Sun Bldg., Washington, (Life.) Phillips, James A., Washington. Schaffer, Geo. C, 14th and I sts., Washington. Schellhorn, Christian, Washington. (Life.) Simmonds, S., 1500 New Hampshire av., Washington. Smith, W. R., Botanic Garden, Washington. (Life.) DELAWARE. Simon, Chas., Jr., Wilmington. FLORIDA. C. D. Mills, Jacksonville, State Vice-President. Ellsworth, W. J., Jessamine. Mills, C. D., Jacksonville. Reasoner, E. N., Oneco, GEORGIA. L. A. Berckmans, Augusta, State Vice-President. Berckmans, L. A., Augusta. Baur, S. Alfred, Box 47, Atlanta. (Life.) Horgon, Daniel C, Macon. Jackson, J. E., Gainesville. Just, George, Gainesville. Oelschig, A. C, Savannah. Wachendorf, C. J., 502 Simpson av., Atlanta. Wolf, John, Ott and Anderson sts.. Savannah. ILLINOIS. George Asmus, Chicago; Frank L. Washburn, Bloomington. State Vice-Presidents. Amling, Albert F., Box 646, Maywood. Amling, E. C, 36 Randolph st., Chicago. Ammann, J. F., Edwardsville. (Life.) Arnold, W. A., Chicago. 210 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION ILLINOIS.— Continued. Asmus, Geo., 897 W. Madison st., Chicago. (Life.) Baird, O. L., Dixon. Barker, Michael, 324 Dearborn st., Chicago. Baumann, L., 76-78 Wabash av., Chicago. Bergman, V., 159 Evanston av., Chicago. Bruns, H. N., 1409 W. Madison st., Chicago. (Life.) Buettner, Emil, Park Eidge. Coatsworth, L.,'41 Eandolph st., Chicago. (Life.) Davis, J. W., Morrison. Dickinson, Chas., W. Taylor and The Eiver, Chicago. Fehr, A. G., 220 E. Main st., Belleville. Foley, Philip J., 26th st. and Western av., Chicago. Frauenfelder, C, 1602 W. Madison st., Chicago. Frey, Alois, Lincoln Park, Chicago. Grant, G. L., 334 Dearborn st., Chicago. Halstead, A. S., Belleville. *Hauswirth, P. J., 227 Michigan av., Chicago. (Life.) Hey, Albert T., Springfield. Howard, H. B., 334 Dearborn st., Chicago. Jensen, J. E., 674 W. Foster av., Chicago. Juerjens, B., Peoria. Kanst, E. A., 5700 Cottage Grove av., Chicago. Keller, Geo., 361-363 Herndon st., Chicago. Kenna, Dennis, 257 E. Ontario st., Chicago. Ki-11, Leonard, 51 Wabash av., Chicago. (Life.) Klehm, Chas., Arlington Heights. Klopfer, G., Peoria. Kroeschell, W. L., 55 Erie st., Chicago. (Life.) Kuhl, Geo. A., Pekin. Labo, J., Joliet. Lautenschlager, Fred, 2561 N. 41st st. court, Chicago. Longren, A. F., Desplaines. Martin, F. W., 280-290 40th st., Chicago. McKellar, C. W., 51 Wabash av., Chicago. McKinstry, D. S., Kankakee. McPheron, E. A., Litchfield. Mosbaek, Ludwig, Onarga. O'Neal, B., Elgin. Olsem, Peter, Joliet. Poehlmann, Adolph, Morton Grove. (Life.) Poehlmann, August, 35 Eandolph st., Chicago. (Life.) ♦Deceased. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 211 ILLINOIS.— Continued. Pyfer, A. T., Joliet. Reinberg, Peter, 3468 N. Eobey st., Chicago. (Life.) Ringier, A., 161 Kinzie st., Chicago. Rudcl, W. N., Morgan Park. Rupp, N. J., 297-307 Hawthorne av., Chicago. Samuelson, C. A., 2129 Michigan av., Chicago. ^ *Sanaers, Edgar, 1669 Belmont av., Chicago. Schneider, A. H., Oak Park. Sehnell, Miss Mattie, 131 Collinsville av., E. St. Louis, 111. (Life.) Schupp, Philip, C, J. A. Budlong Estate, Chicago. Scott, C. W., 84 Randolph st., Chicago. Sinner, John, Rogers Park, Chicago. Smyth, W. J., 270 31st st., Chicago. Swenson, Gustav, Elmhurst. Thompson, J. D., Joliet. Vaughan, A. L., 60 Wabash av., Chicago. Vaughan, J. C, 84-86 Randolph st., Chicago. (Life.) Vaughan, L. H., 84-86 Randolph st., Chicago. Washburn, C. L., 76 Wabash av., Chicago. (Life.) Washburn, Frank L., Bloomington. Weiland, Geo., 602 Davis st., Evanston. Wienhoeber, E., 417 Elm st., Chicago. Wienhoeber, G. W., 417 Elm st., Chicago. Wietor, N. J., 51 Wabash av., Chicago. (Life.) Winterson, E. F., 45 Wabash av., Chicago. (Life.) Wittbold, George, 1657 Buckingham PI., Chicago. INDIANA. J. A. Evans, Richmond, State Vice-President. Bertermann, Irwin C, Indianapolis. Bertermann, John, 241 Massachusetts av., Indianapolis. (Life.) Blackman, Wm., Evansville. Bullock, Mrs. E. M., 812 Marion st., Elkhart. Carmody, J. D., Evansville. Coles, W. W., Kokomo. Evans, J. A., Richmond. (Life.) Forest, Jacob, Greenfield. Gause, G. R., Richmond. *Deceased. 212 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION INDIANA.— Continued. Gingrich, Irving, South Bend. Heinl, Fred G., 129 S. 7th st., Terre Haute. (Life.) Hill, E. Gurney, Eichmond. Johnson, H. W., Kendallville. Jones, J. E., 542 N. 14th st., Eichmond. Lemon, Fred H., Eichmond. Pahud, Alfred, Crown Hill Cemetery, Indianapolis. Pastor, Geo., Huntington. Easmussen, Anders, New Albany. Eieman, H. W., 1207 S. East st., Indianapolis. Seele, H. D., Elkhart. Small, Dan E., 221 E. Sycamore st., Kokomo. Vesey, W. J., 2602 Thompson av., Fort Wayne. (Life.) Wiegand, A., 1610 N. Illinois st., Indianapolis. Wiegand, Geo. B., 1610 N. Illinois st., Indianapolis. IOWA. W. A. Harkett, Dubuque, State Vice-President. Bather, John E., Clinton. Fulmer, J. T. D., 910 Des Moines St., Des Moines. Greene, Wesley, Des Moines. Harkett, W. A., Dubuque. (Life.) Kramer, J. A., Cedar Eapids. Larson, P. L., Fort Dodge. Perry, W. B., Cresed. Symonds, W. T., Decorah. Temple, J. T., Davenport. Wilcox, J. F., Council Bluffs. Wilcox, Eoy F., Council Bluffs. KANSAS. Eoehr, Oscar, Topeka, State Vice-President. Whiteomb, A. H., Lawrence. (Life.) KENTUCKY. Aug. E. Baumer, Louisville, State Vice-President. Baumer, Aug. E., 644 Fourth av., Louisville. (Life.) Dieterieh, C. P., 219 Market st., Maysville. Honaker, D. B., 162 W. Main st., Lexington. Honaker, O. S., 162 W. Main st., Lexington. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 213 K RNTUCKY.— Continued. Kleinstarink, H., R. F. D. No. 1, Louisville. (Life.) Kunzman, Mary C, 3719 High av., Louisville. Michler, Chas., Jr., Lexington. Miller, William, Bar Harbor. Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville. Schulz, Tred Louis, 1325 E. Broadway, Louisville. (Life.) Schulz, Jacob, 644 4tli av., Louisville. Walker, H. G., 644 4th av., Louisville. (Life.) LOUISIANA. M. Cook, New Orleans, State Vice-President. Abele, Otto, 520 Joseph st.. New Orleans. Cook, Henry, 7417 Pearl st., New Orleans. Cook, M., 143 Barqnne st., New Orleans. Eble, Charles, 106 Baronne st.. New Orleans. Newsham, J. A., 1402 Nashville av.. New Orleans. Papworth, H., New Orleans. Rehm, Henry, 500 Cherokee st.. New Orleans. Virgin, Uriah J., 838 Canal st., New Orleans. MAINE. Dirwanger, Albert, Portland. MARYLAND. William Weber, Oakland, State Vice-President. Anderson, Andrew, Govanstown. Bauer, Fred C, Govanstown. (Life.) Bester, H. A., 44 E. Baltimore st., Hagerstown. Bester, William, 205 S. Potomac st., Hagerstown. Boone, J. W., Clifton Park, Baltimore. Cook, John, 318 N. Charles st., Baltimore. Cook, John A., 318 N. Charles st., Baltimore. Flitton, N. F., Clifton Park, Baltimore. Eraser, Wm., Ruxton. Graham, Robert L., 623 Aisquith st., Baltimore. • Halliday, Robert, 329 N. Charles st., Baltimore. 214 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION MAEYLAND.— Continued. Hess, Conrad, 329 Friendship av., Waverly, Johnston, Wm. J., 223 W. Madison st., Baltimore. Kalb, Geo. S., Catonsville. Kaplinger, J. H., Govanstown, Lehr, Henry M., Brooldyn, Lohr, William, Sta. D, Baltimore. Lotze, G., Glen Burnie. Madsen, Wm., Govanstown. (Life.) Moss, I. H., Govanstown. Perry, John J., 505 N. Eutaw st., Baltimore. Richmond, Mack, 1813 N. Pulaski st., Baltimore. Seidewitz, E. A., 36 W. Lexington st., Baltimore. Seybold, Chas. L., Patterson Park, Baltimore. Stevenson, E. N., Govanstown, Baltimore. Stevenson, T. C, Harwood av., Baltimore. Thau, M., Govanstown. Uffler, C, Govanstown. Vincent, E., Jr., White Marsh. Vincent, E. A., White Marsh. MASSACHUSETTS. E. L. Pierce, Cambridge, State Vice-President. Abbott, John, Hinsdale. Anderson, William F., Waltham. (Life.) Barrows, Henry H., Jr., Whitman. Brague, L. B., Hinsdale. Brague, L. H., Hinsdale. Breck, Chas. H., 51 and 52 N. Market st., Boston. Breed, E. W., Clinton. Bryant, L. D., Box 11, Kingston. Butterworth, J. T., South Framingham. (Life.) Castle, W. W., 170 Summer st., Boston. Collins, Thomas, Hinsdale. Congdon, John L., Boston. Cook, H. A., Shrewsbury. (Life.) Cotter, Lawrence, 321 Centre st., Dorchester. Craig, W. N., North Easton. Crighton, Wm., Plymouth. • Daggett, W. A., 431 Medford st., Charlestown. (Life.) SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 21 5 MASSACHUSETTS.— Continued. *Edgar, Wm. W., Waverly. (Life.) Elliott, John S., Brighton. Elliott, W. H., Brighton. (Life.) Ewell, Warren, 38 Wayland st., Roxbury. (Life.) Farquhar, James F. M., 6-7 S. Market st., Boston. (Life.) Farquhar, J. K. M. L., 6-7 S. Market st., Boston. (Life.) Finlayson, Duncan, Avon st., Jamaica Plain. Fisher, Peter, Ellis. Fuller, J., Leominster. (Life.) Galvin, Thomas F., 124 Tremont st., Boston. (Life.) Holbrow, C. E., 712 Washington st., Brighton. Houghton, F. H., 396 Boylston st., Boston. (Life.) Knapp, W. H., Newtonville. Lewis, W. L., Marlboro. Loveless, Alfred J., Box 45, Lenox. (Life.) Manning, J. W., Jr., 1150 Tremont Bldg., Boston. Mathison, Fred R., Waltham. (Life.) Meyer, John C, P. O. Box 2487, Boston. Miller, J. L., Lynn. Miller, William, 882 W^estern av.. West Lynn. Molloy, William F., Wellesley. Montgomery, Alexander, Natick. (Life.) Montgomery, Robert, Natick. Newman, J. R., Winchester. Nicholson, William, Framingham. Palmer, F. E., Brookline. Patten, Marcellus A., Tewksbury. Pettigrew, J. A., Park Department, Boston. Peirce, E. Allen, Waltham. Pierce, Edward L., N. Cambridge. Rawson, Warren W., 5 Union st., Boston. Rea, Frederic J., Norwood. Roland, Thomas, Nahant. Sim, William, Cliftondale. Smith, Harry J., Maple st., Hinsdale. Stewart, Wm. J., 11 Hamilton PL, Boston. (Life.) Thieman, H., Belchertown. (Life.) Vineca, E. W., New Salem. Walsh, M. H., Woods Hole. Warburton, C, 81 New Boston road, Fall River. Welch, David, 226 Devonshire st., Boston, ♦Deceased. 2l6 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION MASSACHUSETTS.— Continued. Welch, E. J., 226 Devonshire st., Boston. (Life.) | Welch, P., 226 Devonshire st., Boston. (Life.) 1 Wheeler, Wilfred, Concord. White, John, Pittsfield. Williams, Frederick H., Waltham. (Life.) MICHIGAN. W. E. F. Weber, Sault Ste. Marie, State Vice-President. Bissinger, J. A., Lansing. (Life.) Boehringer, E. G., Bay City. Breitmeyer, Fred, Mt. Clemens. (Life.) Breitmeyer, Philip, Gratiot and Miami a vs., Detroit. (Life.) Breitmeyer, Will, Mount Clemens. Brown, S. H., Greenfield. Brown, Wm. B., 308 Woodward av., Detroit. Dilger, Wm., 26 Miami av., Detroit. Fetters, E. A., 275 Woodward av., Detroit. Fitzgerald, Augustus, 131 Lincoln av., Detroit. Gipner, John, Niles. Grohman, E. A., Saginaw, East Side. Helmer, John B., Detroit. Hitchcock, E. H., Glenwood. Kidder, Harvey E., Ionia. Klagge, Robert, Mt. Clemens. (Life.) Maynard, C. H., 219 Horton av., Detroit. (Life.) Maynard, Mrs. C. H., 219 Horton av., Detroit. (Life.) Peterson, Arthur, Escanaba. Pochelon, Albert, 153 Bates st., Detroit. Rackham, Geo. A., 880 Vandyke av., Detroit. (Life.) Rahaley, E. M., 38 Broadway, Detroit. Scribner, E. A., 604 E. 1st st., Detroit. Smith, Elmer D., Adrian. (Life.) Smith, Henry G., Grosse Point Farms, Detroit. Smith, Henry, 139 Munroe st.. Grand Eapids. Stahelein, A. J., Eedford. Sullivan, J. F., 220 W^oodward av., Detroit. (Life.) Taepke, Gus H., 450 Elmwood av., Detroit. Tobler, H., Traverse City. Unger, E. W., 239 Vandyke av., Detroit. Weber, Wm. E. F., South Ashmun st., Sault Ste. Marie. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 217 MINNESOTA. John Monson, Minneapolis, State Vice-President. Berry, Frank, Stillwater. Busch, Fred, Lyndale av. and 59th st., South, Minneapolis. (Life.) Cashman, Thomas E., Owatonna. (Life.) Clauson, G. A., Albert Lea. Monson, John, 36th and Calhoun blvd., Minneapolis. Olsen, O. J., 20-24 W. 5th St., St. Paul. Ruedlinger, C. N., 2924 S. Aldrich av., Minneapolis. Whitted, Miss H. B., 409 Nicollet av., Minneapolis. Will, O. A., 2405 19th av., north, Minneapolis. Wirth, Theo., 3935 Grand av., Minneapolis. (Life.) MISSISSIPPI. Crowell, S. W., Rich, State Vice-President. MISSOURI. W. C. Young, St. Louis; Geo. M. Kellogg, Pleasant Hill. State Vice-Presidents. Armstrong, Miss J. O., 3720 Olive st., St. Louis. Beneke, J. J., 1216 Olive st., St. Louis. Bentzen, Adolph J., 4025 Marcus av., St. Louis. Berning, H. G., 1402 Pine St., St. Louis. Beyer, Carl, 3619 S. Grand av., St. Louis. Beyer, Robt., 3619 S. Grand av., St. Louis. Brenneman, S. S,, Webb City. Brown, R. S., Box 335, Kansas City. De-nker, Edwin, St. Charles. Fillmore, F. J., 4232 Nebraska av., St. Louis. Gelven, Chas. H., 4th st. and Park av., Sedalia. Irish, H. C, Mo. Botanical Garden, St. Louis. Jablonsky, A., Wellston. (Life.) Juengel, Chas. A., 1837-47 S. 14th st., St. Louis. Kellogg, Geo. M., Pleasant Hill. (Life.) Koenig, Otto G., 6471 Florissant av., St. Louis. (Life.) Koenig, John L., 6471 Florissant av., St. Louis. (Life.) Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine st., St. Louis, Mo. (Life.) Meinhardt, Fred H., 7041 Florissant av., St. Louis. (Life.) Miller, Theodore, 4832 Delmar blvd., St. Louis. Murray, Samuel, 1017 Broadway, Kansas City. (Life.) Pilcher, W. J., Kirkwood. 2l8 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION MISSOUEI.— Continued. Bock, W. L., 1116 Walnut st., Kansas City. Schray, Emile, 4101 Pennsylvania av,, St. Louis. Smith, Wm., 1316 Pine st., St. Louis. Steiclle, J., Central. Taylor, F. W., St. Louis. (Life.) Tesson, E. F., West Forest Park, St. Louis. (Life.) Ude, F. W., Jr., Kirkwood. Waldbart, George, 516 N. Grand av., St. Louis. Waldbart, Alexander, Hamilton av. and Horton PI, St. Louis. Weber, F. C, 4326 Olive st., St. Louis. Weber, Fred C, Jr., 4326 Olive st., St. Louis. (Life.) Weber, F. H., Boyle and Maryland avs,, St. Louis. Winter, Wm., N. Taylor st., Kirkwood. Young, Henry, 5511 Waterman st., St. Louis. Young, Wm. C, 1406 Olive st., St. Louis. NEBEASKA. Geo. H. Swoboda, Omaha, State Vice-President. Henderson, Lewis, 1519 Farnum st., Omaha. Eosenfield, J. P., West Point. Swoboda, Geo. H., 5807 N. 24th st., Omaha. NEW HAMPSHIEE. Aug. Gaedeke, Nashua, State Vice-President. Chase, Benjamin, Derry. Hannaford, E. E., Portsmouth. Stache, Herman C, 649 2d st., Manchester. NEW JEESEY. C. H. Totty, Madison, State Vice-President. Allen, Geo., Princeton. iVsmus, Adolph E., W. Hoboken. (Life.) Atkins, F. L., Eutherford. Baldwin, G., Secaucus. Baumann, Henry, W. Hoboken. Betz, Harry S., Eiverton. Birnie, John, W. Hoboken. Bobbink, L. C, Eutherford. Boehler, Oscar W., W. Hoboken. (Life.) SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 2ig NEW JEKSEY.— Continued. Bond, Geo. H., Louis st., New Brunswick. Coddington, L. B., Murray Hill. Davis, Joseph B., Wildmont, Orange. Duckham, William, Madison. DuRie, W. B., Railway. Eisele, J. D,, Riverton. Esler, John G., Saddle River. (Life.) Falconer, D., Chatham. Forristel, W. H., Plainfield. Hauck, Jacob, 51 Montgomery st.^ Bloomfield. Hentz, Henry, Jr., Madison. Herrington, A., Madison. (Life.) Hornecker, Henry, 172 S. Grove st., East Orange. Knight, Thomas, Rutherford. Lager, John E., Summit. Leuly, E., West Hoboken. (Life.) Lovett, Lester C, Little Silver. MacRorie, D., South Orange. Manda, Joseph A,, 191 Valley road, West Orange. Manda, W. A., South Orange. (Life.) Massmann, F. W., 438 Moonfield av., Montclair. May, J. N., Summit. (Life.) McMahon, Frank, Seabright. May, Harry O., Somerton. Moore, Frank L., Chatham. O'Mara, P., Grand st., Jersey City. (Life.) Parker, Glenn K., Pleasant Hill. Roebling, Chas. G., 333 W. State st., Trenton. Roehrs, Julius, Rutherford. (Life.) Roehrs, Julius, Jr., Rutherford. Runyan, E., Elizabeth. Ruppert, John A., Riverton. Simpson, Robert, Clifton. (Life.) Steinhoff, H. C, 578 Boulevard, West Hoboken. Strohlein, George A., Riverton. Struck, George F., Summit. Totty, Chas. H., Madison. Whittman, Rudolph, West Hoboken. (Life.) Wise, L. H., Hackensack. Withers, John T., 1 Montgomery st., Jersey Cit^. Zimmer, Chas., W. Collingwood. Zvolanek, Ant. C, Bound Brook, 220 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION NEW YOKK. Chas, Lenker, Freeport, L. I.; Chas. H. Vick, Kochester, State Vice-Presidents. Allen, J. K., 106 W. 28th st., New York. Armitage, Chas., 1133 Broadway, New York. Barry, Wm. C, Rochester. Bartholme, Gustav, Manlius st., Syracuse. Baiim, F. P., 52 Kingsley st., Buffalo. Beaulieu, Henri, Walker and Belmont avs., Woodhaven. Bennett, John, Blue Point, L. I. Boddington, A. T., 342 W. 14th st., New York. (Life.) Boettger, E. E., R. F. D. No. 1, Kenmore. Brown, Chas. J., Rochester. Bunyard, Harry A., 24 E. 34th st.. New York. Burgevin, David, Kingston. Burgevin, George, Pearl st., Kingston. Burnham, Wm. A., Irvington. Burnham, Wm. Wallace, 59th st. and 3d av.. New York. Burns, Alexander S., Woodside. Carpenter, Dale, Cohoes. Chandler, Aleda, Berlin, Reus. Co. Childs, John Lewis, Floral Park. Cogger, Thos., 41 North st., Rochester. Cowee, Arthur, Berlin. (Life.) Cowell, J. F., Botanic Garden, Buffalo. Craw, Lyman B., 1133 Broadway, New York. Cutler, O. W., Niagara Falls. Dailledouze, Eugene, Flatbush, Brooklyn. (Life,) Dailledouze, Henry, Flatbush, Brooklyn. (Life.) Dailledouze, Paul, Flatbush, Brooklyn. (Life.) Darrow, H. F., 26 Barclay st., New York. Dean, David A., Freeport. (Life.) Dean, James, Freeport. (Life.) De La Mare, A. T., Rhinelander bldg., New York. Demeusy, A., Clarkson St., Brooklyn. Dickinson, Geo. E., 1 Broadway, New York. Dildine, W. H., 144 N. Union st., Rochester. Dobbs, Wm. C, Auburn. Dole, C. L., Lockport. Donaldson, John, Elmhurst, L. I. Eger, W. C, 1408 State st., Schenectady. Elder, Andrew, Irvington. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 221 NEW YORK.— Continued. Enggren, E. L., Aqueduct, L. I. Fenrich, J. S., 110 W. 28th St., New York. Fotheringham, John R., Tarrytown. Guenther, Chas. T., Hamburg. Guttman, A. J., 48 W. 28th st.. New York. (Life.) Hagemann, Wm., 55 Dey st.. New York. Hallock, E. v.. Queens, New York. (Life.) Hammond, Benjamin, Fishkill. (Life.) Hansen, Miss Elise H., Catskill. Harris, Ernest, Delanson. (Life.) Hart, Geo. B., Rochester. Henderson, Chas., 35-37 Cortlandt st.. New York. Henry, F. H., 97 Water St., New York. Henshaw, A. M., 44 W. 28th st.. New York. Herendeen, F. W., Geneva. Herrmann, A., 404-412 E. 34th st.. New York. Hewson, C. J., 1639 Abbott av., Buffalo. Hitchcock, W. S., New Rochelle. Holt, E. W., 416 E. 102d st., New York. Hunt, Charles, Box 258, Port Richmond, S. I. Jansen, Edw., 112-116 W. 18th st.. New York. Johnson, Mrs. Fred H., 45 Whitney av., Olean. Kakuda, A., Whitestone. (Life.) Kasting, W. F., 383 ElHcott st., Buffalo. (Life.) Keller, S., 122 W. 25th st.. New York. Kessler, Phil. F., 55 W. 26th st.. New York. King, R. O., N. Tonawanda. Koch, C. E., 326 Clarkson st., Brooklyn. Kretschmar, H. G., 237 Lincoln road, Flatbush. (Life.) Kretschmar, J. F., 237 Lincoln road, Flatbush. (Life.) Krick, W. C, 1164 Greene av., Brooklyn. Krombach, Charles, 181 25th st., Brooklyn. Kueble, W. H., 28 Wllloughby st., Brooklyn. Langjahr, A. H., 55 W. 28th st.. New York. (Life.) Lenker, Chas., Freeport, L. I. (Life.) Loechner, Chas., 31 Barclay st.. New York. Lohr, Chas., Jr., 415 2d av., Astoria. (Life.) Long, D. B., 131/2 E. Snow st., Buffalo. Lorenz, Geo., Grand av.. Long Island City. Manker, Frank, cor. Gravesend and Greenwood avs., Brooklyn. Mansfield, Thos., 481 Holly st., Loekport. Mansfield, Wm. H., 481 Holly st., Loekport. 222 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION NEW YOEK.— Continued. McClure, Geo. W., 823 W. Delevan av., Buffalo. McConnell, Alex., 571 5th av., New York. McHutcliison, J., 17 Murray st., New York. Mellis, D. Y., Flatbush, Brooklyn. Miller, A. L., Sta. E, Brooklyn. Mills, Miss Elizabeth, 31 Barclay st.. New York. (Life.) Newbold, Frederic E., Poughkeepsie. (Life.) Nilsson, Wm., Woodlawn. Nugent, John B., Jr., 42 W. 28th st.. New York. (Life.) Palmer, W. J., 304 Main st., Buffalo. Perkins, G, C, Newark. Phillips, J. v., 272 Fulton st., Brooklyn. Pierson, F. E., Tarr^^town-on-Hudson. (Life.) Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough. Piorkovski, F. E., White Plains. Powell, L L., Millbrook. (Life.) Quinlan, P. E., 311 S. Salina st., Syracuse. Eaynor, John I., 49 W. 28th st.. New York. (Life.) Eeed, Wm. N., 122 W. 25th st.. New York. Eeimels, John, Woodhaven, L. I. Eice, W. W., 65 Beaver st.. New York. Eoehrs, Theo., 511 E. 176th st.. New York. Eolker, Joseph E., 31 Barclay st.. New York. Eolker, Winfried, 31 Barclay st., New York. Salter, A. H., Eochester. Saltford, W. A., Poughkeepsie. Schloss, Emil, 533 Broadway, New York. Schmutz, L., 131 Clarkson st., Flatbush, Brooklyn. Schultheis, A., College Point. Schwake, Chas., 99 Warren st.. New York. Scott, E, S., Main and Baleom sts., Buffalo. Scott, John, Flatbush, Brooklyn. Scott, Wm., Main and Baleom sts., Buffalo, N. Y. Shanley, James, 216 W. 25th st., Brooklyn. Shaw, J. Austin, Box 545, New York. Sheridan, W. F., 39 W. 28th st., New York. (Life.) Siebrecht, H. A., New Eochelle. (Life.) Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria, L. I. City. (Life.) Thielmann, John M., 800 Broadway, Brooklyn. Thorne, A. L., Flushing, Thorne, Samuel, 43 Cedar st., New York. (Life.) Traendly, Frank H., 44 W. 28th st., New York. (Life.) SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 223 NEW YORK.— Continued. Trepess, Samuel J., Maxwelton, Glen Cove, L. I. Turner, Harry, Port Washington, L. I. Van Herff, B., 99 Nassau st.. New York. Vick, Chas. H., Rochester. Vick, F. W., Rochester. Wallace, Alex., Rhinelander bldg., New York. Ward, C. W., Queens. (Life.) Watson, John, 13 Grant st., Newark. Weathered, C. B., 46-48 Marion st., New York. Weber, Chas., Lynbrook, L, I. Weeber, Charles G., 33 Buckingham road, Brooklyn. Weir, John R., 324 Fulton st., Brooklyn. Wertheimer, S. B., 465 Broadway, New York, Whitehill, R. C, R. F. D. No. 1, Newburg. Wood, L. K., Fishkill. Young, John, 51 W. 28th st., New York. (Life.) Zeller, Alfred, 442 Clarkson 9t., Brooklyn. NORTH CAROLINA. J. Van Lindley, Pomona, State Vice-President. Deake, Mrs. J. B., 324 Charlotte st., Asheville. (Life.) Deake, J. W. C, Asheville. (Life.) Lamb, James M., Fayetteville. O 'Quinn, J. L., Polk and Swain sts., Raleigh, Rehder, William, Wilmington. Van Lindley, J., Pomona. OHIO. Geo. Bayer, Toledo; J. B. Heiss, Dayton, State Vice-Presidents. Altick, H. M., 1123 N. Main st., Dayton. (Life.) Bartels, F. C, North Olmsted, Bartholomew, Geo. W,, R. R. No. 11, Dayton. Bayer, George, 2556 Fulton st., Toledo, (Life.) Berno, Ed., 181 Hedges st., Mansfield, Brown, Charles, Canton. Coe, A, M,, North Olmsted, (Life,) Critchell, C, E., 36 E. 3d st., Cincinnati, Cunningham, Joseph H., 325 W, Williams st., Delaware. Cushman, E. H., Sylvania. 224 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION OHIO— Continued. Engel, Geo., Xenia. Gasser, J. M., 101 Euclid av., Cleveland. (Life.) George, E. B., Painesville. Gillett, E. G., 113 E. 3d st., Cincinnati. Goodlive, J. T., 602 Greenwood av., Zanesville. Graham, Adam, 2849 Euclid av., Cleveland. (Life.) Graham, C. J., 2849 Euclid av., Cleveland. Gravett, W. E., Lancaster. Hall, W. E., Clyde. Harrison, W. C, Painesville. Hart, Benno L., 1369 Elliott st., Cleveland. Hart, H. A., 1262-1272 Detroit st., Cleveland. Heinl, George A., 337 Summit St., Toledo. (Life.) Heiss, J. B., Dayton. Hellenthal, J. J., 32 E. Moore st., Columbus. Hendricks, C. W., Calla. Hippard, E., Youngstown. Hoffmeister, August, White st., near Queen City av., Cincinnati. Horlacher, W., Dayton. Huntsman, Frank, 609 Walnut st., Cincinnati. Imlay, John D., Zanesville. (Life.) Jacobs, Fred W., 604 Hartshorn st.. Alliance. Kelley, J. C, 1918 E. 40th st., Cleveland. Kirchner, T. J., 6701 Quincy av., Cleveland. Knoble, H. P., 1836 W. 25th st., Cleveland. Kyrk, L. H., 110 E. 3d st., Cincinnati. Loeber, George W., Lockland. Matthews, Warren G., Dayton. McCullough, Albert, 316 Walnut st., Cincinnati. McCullough, J. Charles, 2d and Walnut sts., Cincinnati. Merkel, John, Mentor. Miller, H. S., Alliance. Murphy, C. C, Station F, Cincinnati. Partridge, Wm. K., 148 E. 4th st., Cincinnati. Peck, S. N., 1707 Broadway, Toledo. Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic st., Cleveland. Peterson, J. A., McHenry av., W^estwood, Cincinnati. Pouting, Fred, 303 Eddy road, Sta. H., Cleveland. Ritter, Herman H., 435 Grand av., Dayton. Rodgers, J. W., Station F, Cincinnati. Roth, C. A., Columbus. Rusconi, D., 32 W. 6th st., Cincinnati. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 22$ OHIO.— Continued. Sabransky, John F., Kenton. Sandiforcl, Kobert, Mansfield. Schmitt, Charles A., Station H, 142 Burton av., Cleveland. Schwab, Henry, 730 Adair av., Zanesville. Simpson, F., East Liverpool. Smith, Geo. W., 606 Huron road, Cleveland. Stoehr, E. C, Dayton. Stroup, T. Bradford, New Philadelphia. Suder, Mrs. E., 323 Adams st., Toledo. TreflPenger, C. H., Van Wert. Ullrich, E. J., Tiffin. Viereck, Frank C, 328 W. Market st., Akron. Warnke, William, 3744 Woodland av., S. E., Cleveland. Weaver, A., 27 S. Cedar st., Massillon. Windmiller, Fred, Box 141, E. E. 3, Berea. Winterich, C, Defiance. Witterstaetter, Eichard, Sedamsville. (Life.) Yale, Thomas G., Wellington. Zettler, L. J., Canton. PENNSYLVANIA. P. J. Lynch, West Grove; E. C. Eeineman, Pittsburg; State Vice-Presidents. Adelberger, Frank, Wayne. Ahlauser, A., Devon. Albrecht, John, Pencroyd. Allabaugh, Wm. W., Silver Dell. Anderson, George, 5230 Woodland av., Philadelphia. Andre, John E., Doylestown. Aschmann, Edw, J., 1012 Ontario st., Philadelphia. Aschmann, Godfrey, 1012 Ontario st., Philadelphia. Aschmann, Howard E., 1012 Ontario st., Philadelphia. Ashley, Ernest, 642 N. 4th st., Allentown. .n-very, F. P., Tunkhannock. Bader, John, 43 E a vine st., Allegheny. Baker, W. J., 1430 South Penn square, Philadelphia, Ball, Charles D., Holmesburg. (Life.) Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Philadelphia. Batchelor, Samuel, Crosswicks Farms, Jenkintown. 226 PROCEEDINGS OF TWEXTY-THIRD COXVEXTION PEXXSYLYAXIA.— Continued. Batchelor, Samuel J., Crosswicks Farms, Jenkintown. Battles, H. H., 108 South 12th st., Philadelphia. Bauer, A. J., Erie. Bay, W., 160 S. Franklin st., Titusville. Bayersdorfer, Harry, 50-56 X. 4th st., Philadelphia. Beatty, H. B., 215 Farmers' Bank bldg., Pittsburg. (Life.) Becker, Jacob, 52d and Market sts., Philadelphia. Beckert, Theodore F., Coraopolis. Berger, John, 1305 Filbert st., Philadelphia. Berkowitz, Paul, 56 X^orth 4th st., Philadelphia. Blacker, Wm., Clearfield. Bowersox, E. G., Lewistown. Brown, Jas., Jr., Coatesville. Burki, Fred, Crystal Farm, Gibsonia. (Life.) Burpee, W. Atlee, 5th and "Willow sts., Philadelphia. Burton, Alex E., 5160 Funniston st.. West Philadelphia. Burton, Alfred, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. (Life.) Burton, George, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. (Life.) Burton, John, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. (Life.) Bush, Ernest J., E. F. D. X'^o. 1, Hatboro, Pa. Campbell, Alfred M., 1510 Sampson st., Philadelphia. Campbell, H. P., Shamokin. Cantley, Eobt., Eidge and Lehigh sts., Philadelphia. Carney, W. H., 545 Liberty st., Pittsburg. Carr, Geo., W. Kingston. Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut st., Philadelphia. (Life.) Connor, D. T., 2033 X'. 20th st., PhUadelphia. Connor, J. E., Coatesville. Cox, C. W., 49th and Market sts., Philadelphia. Craig, George, 211 S. 11th st., Philadelphia. Craig, Eobert, 49th and Market sts., Philadelphia. (Life.) Craig, Eobt. A., 4900 Market st., Philadelphia, Craig, W. P., 1305 Filbert st., Philadelphia. Demas, P. J., 215-223 Diamond st., Pittsburg. Dillon, Mrs. J. L., Bloomsburg. Dillon, Max G., Bloomsburg. Dodds, John, "Wyncote. Dorp, Victor B., 818 Chestnut st., Philadelphia. Dreer, William F., 714 Chestnut st., Philadelphia. Dungan, F. C, 1711 Filbert st., Philadelphia. Edwards, Geo. J., 29-31 X. 7th st., Philadelphia. Ehret, Fred, 1403 Fairmount av., Philadelphia. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 2.2^ PENNSYLVANIA.— Continued. Eichholz, Henry, Waynesboro. Eisele, C, 11th and Koy sts., Philadelphia. Eisenhart, K. M., Torresdale, Pliiladelphia. Eschner, B., 1220 Race st., Philadelphia. Falek, Wm. C, 1514 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. Farenwald, Adolph, Eoslyn P. O., Hillside. (Life.) Fancourt, E. J., 1612-18 Ludlow st., Philadelphia. Falconer, William, Pittsburg. Faust, Harry I., Merion, Ford, C. S., Box 106, Philadelphia. Frischkorn, Aug., 103 Federal st., Pittsburg. Fuehs, J. J., 1710 Carson st., Pittsburg. Geiger, Henry C, 335 N. 6th st., Philadelphia. Gesehick, Emil H., Main and Johnson, Germantown. Giles, John H., Reading. Goebel, Geo., 1601 Columbia av., Philadelphia. Goudy, Jos. J., 714 Chestnut st., Philadelphia. Grady, John C, 28th st. and Columbia av., Philadelphia. Graham, Wm., 104 S. 13th st., Philadelphia. Grifl&n, James, Foulkrod st., Frankfort, Philadelphia. Haehl, Ernest F., 60th and Gibson av., Philadelphia. Hahman, F., Station F, 33d Ward, Philadelphia. Hanna, Alexander Y., 502 N. 34th st., Philadelphia. Harper, Wm. W., Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. Harris, W. K., Jr., 55th st. and Springfield av., Philadelphia. (Life.) Harris, W. K., Sr., 55th st. and Springfield av., Philadelphia. (Life.) Harry, Winfield S., 114 Harry st., Conshohocken. Haube, Joseph, 915 Fallowfield av., Charlevoi. Heacock, Joseph, Wyncote. Herr, Albert M., P. O. Box 338, Lancaster. Jones, S. Morris, West Grove. Kahlert, Chas. W., 1514 Chestnut st., PTiiladelphia. Karins, J. J., 1714 Chestnut st., Philadelphia. Kift, Robert, 1725 Chestnut st., Philadelphia. Kocher, Fred, Gibsonia. Koehler, Wm. H., 4172 Germantown av., Philadelphia. Krueger, August, Meadville. Krueger, C. F., P. & R. Terminal, Philadelphia. Krut, Anton, Jr., Butler. Kuhn, John, 405 Tabor road, Olney. Langhans, T. P., 504 Liberty St., Pittsburg. Larzelere, C. E., 126 S. 4th st., Philadelphia. 228 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION PENNSYLVANIA.— Continued. Laver, J. V., 705 State st., Erie. Leonard, W. A., Lansdowne. Lewis, Henry K., Collingdale. Lieker, E. F., Lansdowne. Limbach, Casper, Pittsburg. Loew, William, 914 Pike st., Allegheny. Logan, Thomas W., Jenkintown. juonsdale, Edwin, Girard College. Ludwig, Gustave, 208 Allegheny Market, Allegheny. Ludwig, J. W., Allegheny Market, Allegheny. Lynch, P. J., West Grove. Maule, William H., 1711 Filbert st., Philadelphia. MeKissick, Wm. E., 1221 Filbert st., Philadelphia. Meehan, Chas. E., Slocum and Musgrove sts., Germantown. (Life.) Meehan, Thomas B., Dreshertown, Meyn, Henry, 2045 Germantown av,, Philadelphia. Michell, H. F., 1018 Market st., Philadelphia. Mills, Mark P., 55th and Springfield sts., Philadelphia. Moon, S. C, Morrisville. Moon, W. H., Morrisville. Moss, George M., 920 Chestnut st., Philadelphia. Murdock, A. M., 510 Smithfield st., Pittsburg. (Life.) Muth, W. J., 1516 Sansome st., Philadelphia. Nichols, John, Scotdale. Niessen, Arthur A., 13th and Filbert sts., Philadelphia. (Life.) Niessen, Leo, 13th and Filbert sts,, Philadelphia, (Life.) Paul, Oglesby, 220 S. 4th st., Philadelphia. Pennock, A, J,, Lansdowne. Pennock, J. L., 1514 Chestnut st., Philadelphia. (Life.) Pennock, S. S., 1612-18 Ludlow st., Philadelphia. (Life.) Polites, Frank, 13th and Chestnut sts., Pliiladelphia. Pyle, Eobert, 129 E. Evergreen st.. West Grove. Keid, Edw., 1526 Kanstead st., Philadelphia. Reineman, E, C, 16 Lowry St., Allegheny. Eeukauf, Martin, 50-56 N. 4th st., Philadelphia. Eieger, Christian, Forbes and Boyd sts., Pittsburg. Bobbins, Jesse, Carlisle. Robertson, William, care J. W. Pepper, Jenkintown. Rockwell, W. C, Bradford. Rohrer, H. D.,, Lancaster. Rosnosky, I., 1018 Market st., Philadelphia. Rust, David, Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia. (Life.) SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 229 PENNSYLVANIA.— Continued. Schmidt, William, 432 Main st., Johnstown. Schuck, Charles, 2455 N. 8th st., Philadelphia. , Seott, A. B., Sharon Hill, Delaware County. Shellen, John A., 1804 S. 17th st., Philadelphia. Sibson, J. F., McKean av., Germantown. (Life.) Skidelsky, S. S., 824 N. 24th st., Philadelphia. (Life.) Smith, A. W., Boggs av., Pittsburg. Smith, W. C, 61st and Market sts., Philadelphia. Smith, W. J., Pittsburg. Stern, J., 1928 Germantown av., Philadelphia. Stewart, Eobt. A., 212 S. 13th st., Philadelphia. Stokes, Walter P., 219 Market st., Philadelphia. Stroud, E. A., Philadelphia. Swayne, Wm., Box 226, Kennett square. Taplin, W. H., Holmesburg. Thilow, J. Otto, 714 Chestnut st., Pliiladelphia. Towill, Edward, Koslyn. Tull, John H., Chambersburg. Van Aart, John A., Newtown. Watson, George C, 1614 Ludlow st., Philadelphia. Westcott, John, Ridge and Lehigh avs., Philadelphia. Westcott, Wm. B., Ridge and Lehigh avs., Philadelphia. Westcott, W^illiam H., Ridge and Lehigh avs., Philadelphia. Whilldin, John G., Philadelphia. Wintzer, A., W^est Grove. W^ohlert, A. E., Merion. Wolfe, -J., Jr., 1617 N. 19th st., Philadelphia. Yates, Walter N., 7356 Germantown av., Philadelphia. Yost, C. C, 146 N. 8th st., Lebanon. Young, J. W., Germantown. Zimmerman, J. F., Dixmont, Allegheny County. RHODE ISLAND. Appleton, Eugene, 294 Broadway, Providence. Byrnes, Peter S., Wickford. Grifiin, Arthur, Ledge road, Newport. Hunnick, R., Rough Point, Newport. Johnson, George, 18 Earl st., Providence. Jurgens, Carl, Newport. Lueck, Edward, Westerley. 230 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION KHODE ISLAND.— Continued. Macrae, John A., 1246 Smith st., Providence. Keuter, L. J., Westerley. Eeuter, S. J., Westerley. SOUTH CAEOLIXA. C. A. Moss, Spartanburg, State Vice-President. Moss, C. A., Spartanburg. SOUTH DAKOTA. E. C. Newbury, Mitchell, State Vice-President. NeM^bury, E. C, Mitchell. TENNESSEE. C. L. Baum, Knoxville, State Vice-President. TEXAS. Cotley, Eugene, Dallas. (Life.) Donnelly, Harry, care Haskell Flo. Co., Dallas. Green, E. H. E., Dallas. (Life.) VIKGINIA. H. Brown, Eichmond, State Vice-President. Blick, Lloyd G., 51 Granby st., Norfolk. Brown, H., 5 W. Broad st., Eichmond. Curran, Jas. J., Salem. Gordon, J. Palmer, Ashland. Grillbortzer, D. G., Alexandria. Hammond, W. A., 107 East Broad st., Eichmond. Kramer, Charles, Alexandria. Whelan, F. A., Mt. Vernon. WASHINGTON. Amy L. Lambly, Spokane, State Vice-President. Lambly, Mrs. Amy L., Box 521, Spokane. (Life.) SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 23 1 WEST VIRGINIA. C. P. Dudley, P'arkersburg, State Vice-President. Grillbertzer, D. G., Alexandria. Donaher, Miss Mary M., 1212 Market st., Wheeling. Dudley, C. P., Parkersburg. Forbes, Miss Clara P., 1212 Market st., Wheeling. Gregg, S. A., Charlestown. Langhans, A., Wheeling. Obermeyer, Gustav, Parkersburg. WISCONSIN. Fred Holton, Milwaukee, State Vice-President. Amerpohl, Edw., 214 S. Main st., Janesville. Dallwig, C, 31 Juneau av., Milwaukee. Edlefsen, William, 349 3d st., Milwaukee. Haentze, E., Fond du Lac. Haentze, R., Fond du Lac. Holton, Fred, 457 Milwaukee st., Milwaukee. Hunkel, H. V., 462 Milwaukee st., Milwaukee. Petzke, Ernest A., Hixton. Pollworth, C. C, 54 City Hall square, Milwaukee. Eentschler, Fred, 1301 Williamson st., Madison. Spiedel, Otto, Oconomowoc. Stuebe, William J., 404 Main st., Watertown. Turner, Lewis, Kenosha. Whitnall, C. B., 1184 Humboldt av., Milwaukee. Zweifel, Nic, 14th st. and Groeling av., Milwaukee. (Life.) ONTARIO. J. H. Dunlop, Toronto, State Vice-President. Connon, John, Hamilton. Cox, Geo. H., Toronto. Davidson, Geo. R., Hamilton. Dunlop, John H., 644 Lansdown av., Toronto. Gammage, W. W., London. Groff, H. H., Simcoe. 232 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-THIRD CONVENTION MANITOBA. Philpott, H. E., Winnipeg. Stewart, Arthur, Elmwoocl Cemetery, Winnipeg. HOLLAND. Baartman, Herman C, Sassenbeim. (Life.) SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 233 MEMBERSHIP STATISTICS. December 31, 190; Totals by States. Alabama ... . . . . 8 4 Colorado 6 Connecticut 20 District of Columbia 23 Delaware 1 Florida .... 3 Georgia 8 Illinois . . . . 71 Indiana ... 24 Iowa . . . . 11 Kansas 1 Kentucky 12 Louisiana 8 Maine 1 Maryland 30 Massachusetts 63 Michigan 32 Minnesota 10 Mississippi 1 Missouri 37 Nebraska 3 New Hampshire 3 New Jersey 51 New York 140 North Carolina 6 Ohio 71 Pennsylvania 173 Rhode Island . . South Carolina South Dakota . Tennessee . . . . Texas Virginia Washington . . West Virginia. Wisconsin . . . . Ontario Manitoba .... Holland 10 1 1 1 3 8 1 6 15 6 o 1 Total 876 Annual ^Members 719 Life Members 157 176 INDEX Ix Memoriam — P. J. Hauswikth FIRST DAY— AFTERNOON. Introductory : The Halls; The Trade Exhibit; Those Present 5 Opening Speeches: Address by John Westcott ; Remarks by S. S. Pennoek, President of the Philadelphia Club 6 Address by Mayor Reyburn 7 Responsive Address by W. W. Castle .- 8 The President's Address: The Mission of the Horticulturist; The Mission of the Society 10 The Field and Its Cultivation; Garden-hunger 11 Room for Improvement; Support the Societies 12 Forest Protection; The School Garden; Educating by Example.... 13 How the Society Can Help ; Our Relations with Other Organizations. 14 Plant Registration; Two Important Duties; Parcels Post; State Vice-Presidents; Outdoor Exhibitions 15 National Flower Show; The Society's Good Record 16 The Winning Combination; What Conventions Are Good For; Business First, Pleasure Afterwards 17 The Secretary's Report: Transfer of Office ; Transportation 18 Badge Book; Membership Statistics ; 19 Members Lost by Death; New Plants Registered 20 The Treasurer's Report: Life Membership Fund 21 General Fund 22 Analysis — General Fund 23 General Fund — Itemized Receipts 24 General Fund — Itemized Disbursements 24 Bank Certifications as to Deposit of Funds , 26 Reports of State Vice-Presidents: Motion to Dispense with Reading; Names of States from Which Reports Were Received 27 Motion to Refer to Committee 28 2:if^ INDEX Tariff ox Greenhouse Glass: Eeport of Benjamin Hammond, Chairman of Legislative Committee. 28 The Old Tariff on Glass ; The Present Tariff 29 Letter from Sereno E. Paine 30 Letter from the Secretary of Congressman Ames; Eeport Accepted; Eemarks by W. F. Gnde, Charles Lenker 31 Eemarks by A/Fareuwald, E. A. Scribner, P. O 'Mara, E. Kift 32 Eemarks by W. F. Xasting. H. B. Beatty, A. Farenwald, E. G. Hill. 33 General Discussion 35 The President 's Eeception 37 SECOND DAY— MOENIXG. Bedding Plants and How to Use Them: Paper bv Alois Frev ; Variety of Plants; Cheapness of Seed 38 Duty o/the Florist^; The Selection of the Place for the Floral Dis- play; The Front of the Building; Places of Larger Dimen- sions 39 Public Parks ; Window Boxes ; Varieties to Use 40 Light and Shade ; Preliminary Treatment of Plants 41 Selection of Colors 42 Hardy Shrubs — How to Plant and Treat Them: Paper by S. C. Moon 42 Plant in Masses ; Massing in Large Grounds 4S Observation and Experience Necessary; Ehododendrons ; . 44 Eequirements of Growers of Small Yards ; How to Plant 45 Manuring, Mulching and Pruning; Pruning of Deciduous Shrubs.. 46 General Discussion; Supplementary Eemarks by S. C. Moon 47 Hardy Perennial Plants 48 Paper not presented. To Meet at Niagara Falls in 1 908 49 Communications 50 Eeport of Judges of Exhibits 51 Change of Name of the Society: Eeport of J. K. M. L. Farquhar, Chairman of the Committee 52 Eemarks of A. Farenwald, F. E. Palmer 53. Eemarks of Eobert Craig, L. C. Corbett 54 General Discussion 55 Postponement of Discussion 59 Nomination of Officers : Frank H. Traendly Nominated for President .'. 59 Joseph E. Freeman Nominated for President 60 W. W. Cutler, J. F. Sullivan, George W. McClure Nominated for Vice-President; J. F. Sullivan Declines 61 P. J. Hauswirth Nominated for Secretary; H, B. Beatty for Treas- urer 62 Nominations for State Vice-Presidents dispensed with • • • • 65 INDEX 237 OUTIXG AT DrEER NURSERIES: The Trip ; The Nurseries 63 Introduetion of W, F. Dreer bv President Stewart; Speech of W. F. Dreer .' 64 SECOND DAY— EVENING. The Flora of Yellowstone Park and Puget Sound: Stereoptieon Lecture by J, Otto Thilow 65 EouTiNE Business 66 THIRD DAY— MORNING. Election of Officers : Tellers Appointed ; W. W. Cutler Withdraws 68 Change of Name of the Society : Discussion on the Proposed Amendment by W. F. Gude, Benjamin Hammond, J. K. M. L. Farquhar, P. 0 'Mara ' 69 By A. Herrington, E. G. Hill 70 By F. R. Pierson 71 By I. Bertermann, A. Graham, D. Finlavson 72 By W. Wheeler, P. 0 'Mara, J. C Vaughan 73 By James Dean, H. Thiemann, E. V. Hallock, A. Graham, A. Wallace 74 By E..G. Hill, Charles H. Vick; Motions and Points of Order 75 The Vote 76 Messages of Condolence: To Ex-President William Scott; to Ex-President M. H. Norton 77 Hardy Bulbous and Tuberous Rooted Plants: Paper by E. V. Hallock; Holland bulbs not included 77 Amateur Growers ; Peter Hanson ; Classes of Bulbs ; The Freesia ; The Amaryllis 78 Various Bulbs 79 Dahlias; Season for Planting; Various Lilies 80 Fallacies of Cultivation 81 General Discussion and Supplementary Remarks by E. V. Hallock. . 83 Eeport of the Superintendent of the Trade Exhibiticn 84 Horticultural Education in the Common Schools: Report by E. V. Hallock on School Gardens; The Experimental Stage Passed 88 The Time Now Here for Doing; Plan Presented; Proposed Bill. ... 89 Paper by W. B, Du Rie; Difficulties to Overcome; Effect Upon the Child 91 Horticulture Has a Close Connection with Nature Studies 92 The Difficulties; A Child Learns by Seeing Things Done 93 Improved Methods ; Soils . 94 The Teachers Needed; Boards of Education Must Make Special Provision 95 Remarks by F. R. Pierson; By L. C. Corbett 96 238 INDEX Eemaiks by P. O 'Mara 9i> General Discussion 100 Motions 102 Committee ox Final Besolutions 102 Election of Officers: Declaring the A'ote lOa Presentation to President Stewart: yir. Carmody 's Speech 104 President Stewart 's Eespouse 105 Ladies ' Outing at Willow Grove 106 THIRD DAY— EVENING. Reports of State Vice-Presidents : Report of the Committee 106 Horticultural Education in Agricultural Schools: Paper by Theodore Wirth; Introductory 107 Old Country Apprenticeships ; Practical vs. Theoretical Gardeners ; Interest Displayed by Colleges 108 Duty of This Society; Commercial Greenhouse Establishments at the Colleges; Practical Men on the Teaching Force 109 Advantages of Travel 110 Remarks by V. H. Hallock, S. C. Moon, W. N. Rudd; The Illinois College 110 Remarks by R. Vincent, Jr., W. W. Castle, Alexander Wallace Ill Horticultural Education by Agricultural Societies, Clubs, Etc.: Paper by J. K. M. L. Farquhar; Efforts of American Horticultural Societies; The Florists' Efforts 112 Untried Subjects; New Fruits, etc., for Greenhouse Culture; The Trained Gardener 113 The Gardener in Landscape Work ; The Boston Landscape Class ; The Subjects Taught; Landscape Gardeners Not Opposed..., 114 Remarks by P. O 'Mara 115 Resolutions and Motions to Be Written 115 Condolence with Joseph Heacock 116 The National Flower Show in 1908: Report of Chairman Kasting 116 Remarks by I. Bertermann 117 Remarks by John Burton, A. Farenwald, John Westcott, W. H. Elliott 118 Remarks by J. C. Vaughan, Robert Craig 119 Remarks by A. Herrington, J. C. Vaughan 120 Remarks by W. F. Kasting, J. G. Esler, W. W. Coles, P. O'Mara. . 121 Remarks by W. H. Elliott, Secretary Hauswirth, D. Finlayson, J. C. Vaughan 122 Remarks by W. H. Elliott, W. F. Kasting, P. O 'Mara 123 INDEX 239 Discussion by Various" Members, Motions, etc 124 The Vote ; Eemarks by E. V. Halloek 125 FOURTH DAY— MEMORIAL. Horticultural Education in the Common Schools : Consideration of Paper by E. V. Halloek 5 Appointment of Com- mittee ". 126 Report of Committee on Press Publicity 127 Plant Registration and Nomenclature: Report of Committee 127 Affiliation with Other Organizations 129 The Tariff 129 Preservation of the S. A. F, Records 129 Various Remarks ; Offer by James Dean 130 Routine Business 130 Non-Payment of Treasurer's Salary 130 Discussion; Vote to Fix the Salary 131 Dissemination of Horticultural Information Through the Press : Statement by Robert Craig 131 Remarks by J. K. M. L. Farquhar 132 Remarks by Robert Craig; E. V. Halloek 133 Outing to Fairmount Park 134 Final Resolutions 136 FOURTH DAY— EVENING. Memorial to the Late Thomas Meehan 137 Invitations 138 Investigation of Standard Pots 139 Provision for Exhibitors 139 Appropriations by the Executive Board: The Secretary 's Statement 140 Remarks by H. B. Beatty, E. G. Hill, James Dean, William F. Gude 141 Classified Appropriations; Expenses of Prosecution of the United States Express Company 142 Various Remarks 143 Discussion Continued 144 Dissemination of Horticultural Information Through the Press: Motion by J. K. M. L. Farquhar 145 Appointment of Members of the National Council of Horticulture. . 146 240 INDEX Adjournment • 146 Reports of State Vice-Presidents: Colorado ; Connecticut 147 District of Columbia 148 Georgia 141^) Illinois— North 150 Illinois — South ; Iowa 151 Kansas ; Kentucky 152 Louisiana 153 Maryland 154 ^Massachusetts — East 155 Michigan — North ; Minnesota 156 Missouri 157 New Hampshire 158 New Jersey 159 New York— East ; Ohio— North 160 South Carolina ; West Virginia 161 Wisconsin 162 Eeport of Superintendent of Trade Exhibition 163 The Bowling Contests 167 Florists ' Hail Association of America •. 174 The Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists : List of Officers for 1907 182 List of Officers for 1908 184 List of Past Presidents 185 List of Annual Conventions 185 List of Life Members 186 List of Annual ^Members 190 List of Members by States: Alabama; California; Colorado 207 Connecticut ; District of Columbia 208 Delaware ; Florida ; Georgia ; Illinois 209 Indiana 211 Iowa ; Kansas ; Kentucky 212 Louisiana ; Maine ; Maryland 213 Massachusetts 214 Michigan 216 Minnesota ; Mississippi; Missouri 217 Nebraska ; New Hampshire ; New Jersey 218 New York ' 220 North Carolina ; Ohio 223 Pennsylvania 225 Rhode Island 229 South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Texas; Virginia; Washington 230 West Virginia; Wisconsin ; Ontario 231 Manitoba; Holland 232 Membership Statistics 233 of t} M^as -setts i i Ooliego SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS AND ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURISTS TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL CONVENTION AT NIAGARA FALLS NEW YORK, 1908 PROCEEDINGS OP^ THE Twenty -Fourth Annual Convention OF THE SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS AND ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURISTS Held at Niagara Falls, New York August 18, 19, 20 and 21, 1908 Copyright 1908 The Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists PROCEEDINGS The annual meeting at Niagara Falls on August i8, 19, 20 and 21, 1908, marked the Society's twenty-fourth year of usefulness. Full delegations attended from the populous centers, and delegates were present from the far West and from Canada. \'aluable con- tributions were made to the literature of the Society, interspersed with reports upon the outlook for State and National recognition of the school and experimental farm movements. The coming Na- tional Flower Show and other interesting topics were discussed. The out-of-door entertainment feature was less conspicuous than at the convention meetings in the large cities, but there was com- pensation for this in the spectacle of the great Cataract and the natural beauty of the surrounding historic region. A trade display, rivaling or excelling in quality and extent those of former years, covered all the available space on the ground floor of the Cataract Flotel, where the convention met, and overflowed into a temporary annex. An event of special interest was the meeting of the Canadian Horticultural Society, which was held concurrently with that of the Society of American Florists, and both bodies exchanged greet- ings during their sessions. At the opening session the executive officers occupied the small platform, and fronting them, in the semi-circle of chairs, were grouped many of the ex-Presidents of the Society. The session opened at 2 o'clock p. m. PBOCEEDINGS or TWENTY-FOURTH COXVEXTION FIRST DAY Niagara Falls, August i8, 1908. Vice President George W. McClure welcomed the members, expressed his pleasure in meeting them and said he hoped they would all have a good time. He pleaded his want of experience as a parliamentarian by way of excuse for the brevity of his remarks. and called upon the representative of the Mayor of the city to formally welcome the Society. THE WELCOME AND THE RESPONSE. Mr. E. T. Williams, of the Cataract Journal of Niagara Falls, delivered the address of welcome on behalf of the municipality. His remarks were, in part, as follows: To the chief executive of a city properly falls the pleasant duty of welcoming visitors within its gates, but in the absence of Hon. Anthony C. Douglass, mayor of Niagara Falls, and at his request, I appear here and for a moment will extend the hand of fellowship verbally, and express the hope, on behalf of Mayor Douglass and the citizens of Niagara Falls, that you may spend a pleasant and profitable time in the Electric City, the site of Nature's greatest handiwork. As lovers and producers of the beautiful in nature, why should you not hold your convention in one of the most beautiful spots in the world, where Nature and men have joined forces, and beauty and utility march hand in hand? Niagara Falls is the mecca toward which a million people interested in the grandeur of Nature's creation annually journey from every part of the civilized globe. And let me assure you that this magnificent spectacle that has thrilled countless thousands of people since Fathers La Salle and Hennepin planted the cross in this region, in the latter par-t of the 17th century, will continue to delight, instruct and inspire countless additional thousands in the years to come. People may come and people may go, but Niagara will flow on forever. The man or woman who has come to Niagara and viewed this scene possesses riches that the sheriff can't take away. The supreme benefit of travel lies in the priceless recollections that we bring back from our wanderings; the only joys of which we are sure are those of memory; be- hind the pleasures of the present lurks the fear of loss; before anticipated SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLOEISTS 5 haj^piness lies the dread of disappointment; but joys we have experienced re- main in memory beyond the possibility of change. Many experiences in life are more enjoyable in retrospect than in reality. When in the leisure of life's autumn we mentally survey the scenes of travel and past events, we find that while the wings of time have scattered the chaff, judgment has winnowed and memory has preserved all that was precious in the golden grain. I have said that I want to impress upon you while you are here that the Falls of Niagara are flowing now as they have always flowed and that they will flow on forever. While the mighty river has been harnessed and its stupendous power employed for the use of man, this greatest work of its kind on earth has been done without any perceptible lessening of the volume or beauty of the famous river. There has been a great amount of agitation to the effect that commercialism is about to destroy the great cata- ract, and this talk may have deceived people not well informed, but I want to say to you that we peojDle here at Niagara Falls would be the first to be alarmed at any such prospect, and we deny that there is any such prospect. We hold that the esthetic eye need not be offended and that the business sense can be satisfied at the same time. We hold and have demonstrated that our homes, our places of business and our thoroughfares can be illumi- nated by the mystic spark generated from the stupendous flood that rushes by our doors. We hold that great manufacturing establishments can be op- erated by the power which we make so much cheaper than steam, and that we can not only build up our own city to large dimensions, but that we can transmit this power two hundred or three hundred miles for the benefit of other communities. We hold and have demonstrated that our power can operate a great system of electric railways covering the Niagara frontier, in both the United States and Canada, and that it is actually propelling trolleys one hundred and sixty miles away, in Syracuse. But I would not weary you with a lengthy address. I was sent here to bid you welcome, and I do so most heartily. Yours is one of the most impor- tant of the many conventions which gather in this popular convention city, r congratulate you upon the magnificent display that I see all about me. You are doing what we of Niagara Falls are doing, combining beauty and /itility, and you have literally covered us over with beautiful flowers. Finally, in welcoming you to our city, T \v(»nl' Mr. O'Mara: In some localities you may find a man who makes the standard pot and another who does not make it; but if you are in a locality where the standard pot is not made, where you are accustomed to buying from a potter who has departed from the model, you cannot very conveniently get what you want without sending to a place hundreds of miles away. I think the committee might frame some strong pronouncement on this matter, which the Society could issue to the trade, and let the manufacturers take Avarniug from it. This was done before; and I think that if we speak strongly on the subject the manufacturers would see that it would be to their interest to conform to the standard regulation adopted by this Society. Mr. John Westcott said he recollected that the pot question had been brought up at a former convention, and he thought it was one upon which the convention might get into deep water and therefore they should go slow in regard to it. He spoke of the difficulty of having certain sizes of pots to fit well in jardinieres, to suit customers; and that while the standard was satisfactory for the smaller sizes, allowance should be made in some eases for the sizes best adapted to meet special requirements. Mr. J. F. Ammann, of Edwardsville, 111., suggested that it was within the power of the exhibition judges to correct any deviation from standard requirements, and he thought that a recommendation to them from the Society, in regard to it, should be made. The President remarked that, if presented in the form of a motion, any recommendation suggested by a member would be considered by the Society. Mr. Ammann then moved that, in making awards on exhibits, the judges be instructed that the Society will not recognize any pots other than those of the standard adopted by it. The discussion here ended and the motion of Mr. Ammann was adopted without objection. On motion of Mr. O'Mara, the report of the committee was received and made part of the record. ADDITIONAL REPORTS. The report of the Superintendent of the Trade Exhibition was called for but, Mr. Keitsch being absent, it was deferred. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 47 Secretary Rudd announced that the remaining reports, viz., those of the Botanist, Pathologist and Entomologist, were upon his table. He suggested that, as the reports were quite extended and technical, the reading of them be omitted and that they be published in the annual volume of the proceedings, where their great value would be recognized.'"' The President remarked that he believed it was the under- standing with these gentlemen, when they were invited to make the reports, that the course now suggested would be taken. There- fore, if there was no objection, it would be so ordered. MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS. Under this head announcement was made of the annual meeting of the Ladies' Society of American Florists, to be held in the Auditorium of the building of the Shredded Wheat Company at lo a. m. on the following day. The convention then (at 5:10 o'clock p. m.) adjourned until the following morning. FIRST DAY— EVENING The President's reception, in the ball room of the International Hotel, was a brilliant social event, in which the visitors and their ladies found much enjoyment. Many of the Canadian brethren were present. Floral decorations and music gave color and vivacity to the affair. The guests formed in line and each was given an opportunity for a hearty hand-shake and a few minutes of con- versation with President Traendly and the other officers of the Society. The President was assisted in receiving by Mr. and Mrs. W. N. Rudd and Miss Rudd, Mr. and Mrs. H. B. Beatty, Mr. and Mrs. W. F. Kasting, Mrs. P. J. Hauswirth and Vice-President McClure. Dancing then began and continued until near midnight. *These reports appear grouped near the end of this volume for ease in reference. 48 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION SECOND DAY— MORNING Wednesday, August 19, 1908. The convention reassembled at 10:30 o'clock a. m., one hour after the appointed time ; President Traendly in the chair. REPORTS OF STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS. The President announced as the first business the reading of the report of the Committee on Reports of the State Mce-Presi- dents. Secretary Rudd read the report, as follows: The reports of the State Yiee-Presidents convey most clearly the fact that the general depression of the past year had less effect upon the tlorist trade than upon most other lines of business. It is shown, too, that the middle and western states suffered far less than the southern and eastern states, the latter apparently sustaining the greater severity inflicted by the hard times. It is gratifying, however, to note that that class of trade having to do with landscape gardening and outdoor decorations escaped almost entirely the dull- ness of trade complained of by the retailers of cut flowers, but even the latter with those less affected are most hopeful for an early resumption of normal trade conditions and are making ample provisions to meet the same. We find many of these reports most thoroughly and carefully prepared, and recommend that hereafter those deemed by the President most important be read before the convention and given the same courteous consideration as other papers regularly assigned to essayists, and that all of them be printed in the annual report of our proceedings. We note with pleasure the persistent efforts of most of our State Yice- Presidents to secure new members for the society and wish to urge them to still greater activity, in this uiost impcrtant of their several duties. These reports show most clearly that in almost all parts of the country the ambitious growers have extended thei'- glass areas far in excess of the actual SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 49 demands for the product of the same, and the results have been most unfor- tunate in many instances, and Ave hope the costly lessons will serve to avert a repetition of the same mistakes of the growers in the future. Many of the reports show that the extravagance in the greenhouse building has abated con- siderably in the past year. Believing that eilicient State Vice-Presidents are most essential to the progress of our society, we most earnestly recommend that the greatest care be exercised in their appointment, selecting only those whose keen interest in the society's welfare are avcH known. Respectfully submitted. J. F. Sullivan, John Birnie, Adam Graham. Mr. Edwin Lonsdale, of Philadelphia: Mr. President, will the reports of the Vice-Presidents be published in the minutes of these proceedings'? The President : That is the recommendation of the committee. Mr. Lonsdale: Then I am satisfied. On motion of Mr. Benj. Hammond, the report of the Com- mittee was accepted. IN MEMORY OF ABSENT AND DECEASED MEMBERS WM. R. SMITH, WM. SCOTT AND ALEXANDER WALLACE. Mr. Wm. F. Gude, Washington, D. C. : Mr. President, I was unable to be present at the opening session yesterday, having been detained at home, and I ask now to say what I would have said then if present. We miss at this convention one of the fathers of our Society, Mr. Wm. R. Smith, of Washington, D. C, who is confined to his home by a serious illness. I saw him on last Saturday, and he then expressed to me, almost with tears in his eyes, his regret that he could not be here. It would only be right and proper for this Society to transmit to him some expression of its sympathy and kindly feeling for him. I would therefore suggest that a committee of three be appointed to take whatever action may be deemed suitable in. regard to our worthy ex-president, whether by a formal resolution or otherwise. I make a motion to that effect. The President stated the question, when the motion was agreed to. Messrs. Gude, Lonsdale and Graham were constituted the committee. 50 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Mr. AVilliam F. Gude: Mr. President, we also miss at this annual meeting the face of an honored ex-president who died quite recently. He was one of the brightest members of the Society of American Florists; and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, he was one of the ablest and most skilled experts in horticulture that the world has ever seen. I refer to the late William Scott, of Buffalo. It gives me great pleasure to say to you that a movement is now under way to honor the memory of our distinguished brother by the erection of a memorial or other testimonial in his honor. I think the proper thing for us to do at this meeting would be to take up a collection in aid of that movement, so that those present who wish to do so may hand in their contributions here and noAv. Many of the members have considered this proposition. I now move that this Society go on record as favoring a memorial in the city of Buffalo in honor of our beloved ex-President and that a committee of five be appointed in accordance with this motion. The President stated the question, when the motion of Mr. Gude was adopted unanimously. Subsequently the committee was announced by the Chair as follows: Messrs. Fred Breitmeyer, E. F. Winterson, Adolph Gude, John Birnie and H. H. Ritter. Mr. Wm. J. Stewart: Mr. President, as I listened to these words about our absent and recently deceased members, my mind recalled another face v.hich we will never see again, that of a valued member who was always present at our meetings and industriously engaged at the desk in placing before his readers intelligent and truthful records of our proceedings. Being engaged in the same profession which he so highly honored, I think it is fitting that I should ask the Society to go on record, by resolution or other- wise, in an expression of the great loss it has suffered by the death of Mr. Alerander Wallace. No man was better known in the profession; we never had a more faithful member; and it seems to me to be eminently proper to thus testify to our respect for his memory. I move the appointment of a committee of three to express the senti- ments of the Society. The President stated the question, and Mr. Stewart's motion was adopted unanimously. Subsequently the committee was constituted as follows : Messrs. Wm. J. Stewart, H. B. Howard and H. B. Beatty. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 51 FERTILIZERS AND FERTILITY. A paper on this subject was presented and read by Prof. J. F. Cowell, of Buffalo, N. Y. The paper was as follows : Few phases of scientific investigation arc of greater interest or hold forth more promise of profitable results than the studies which are being made in regard to the fertility of our soils and their conservation. To the gardener the subject is of prime importance, whether his work be in the open field or under a roof of glass; whether engaged in the growing of the primary food products, or in the production of materials for decoration and the expression of the higher esthetic feelings of mankind. That w^e are still in the experimental stage of agriculture can hardly be denied though we are slowly approximating to a scientific basis. Theory and practice are often at variance, probably from a misunderstanding of the mean- ing of the facts before us. These differences w-ill, in time, be eliminated, and our practice will constantly become more exact. That we still have many things to learn about our soils and their relation to plant life, goes without saying, but at the present time I think we are not all making the best use of the knowledge which has accumulated on these subjects. In this paper, today, will be found little that is original, but rather an attempt to collate and place before you some of the more striking facts and theories current at this time. In these days of intensive gardening, all questions relating in any way to the supply and assimilation of the elements of fertility are of vital interest, as upon their correct solution depends the final profit or loss. In order that we may discuss these matters more intelligently let us briefly review some of the fundamental facts which underlie the subject, as well as some modern theories of fertility and assimilation, and the relation of various factors which enter into the problem of plant growth. The great bulk of plant tissue is made up of starch, cellulose and water, with a small amount of proteids or albuminoids. These, reduced to their simplest terms, mean carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen which, together with potash, phosphorus and a little lime and sulphur, make up the list of essentials. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen, in gaseous condition, are everywhere present in the atmosphere, while potash, phosphorus and lime and sulphur are found to a greater or less extent in most soils, and are the ele- ments which become exhausted and have to be renewed. Of these latter ele- ments sulphur may be omitted, as it, like some other elements of minor im- portance, is usually found in sufficient quantity. 52 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Of these substances the most expensive, and at the same time the most evanescent, is nitrogen. The soil will not hold it; it is here today and there tomorrow. It is inordinately fond of fresh fields of activity, and so impa- tient of confinement that it has to be constantly kept at work, and watched lest it escape into the atmosphere from whence it came, or enter into so'Yne combination which secretes it and deprives the plant of its services. The usual sources of supply for fertilizing purposes are from animal substances, stable manure and from natural deposits of nitrates. Potash is a more stable element, though likely to be lost by leaching, and is obtained in commercial quantities from wood ashes and from the nitrates and sulphates. Phosphoric acid is commonly bought in the shape of ground phosphatie rock, from bone, horn, hair, from fish and from basic slag. These three elements have been called "The Tripod of Fertility." A so-called complete fertilizer, as prepared by the manufacturers, will contain, we will say: Sixty pounds of available nitrogen, worth, at 19 cents per pound, $11.40; 6 per cent, or 120 pounds of available phosphoric acid, worth, at 5 cents per pound, $6; 5 per cent, or 100 pounds, of available potash, worth, at 5 cents per pound, $5, making a total cost of $22.40 per ton, of which nearly one-half the cost is represented by the nitrogen. From whatever source these elements are obtained they must be soluble in water in order to be available to the crop. Potash and phosphoric acid can be applied to the soil at any time, and the loss from leaching or otherwise is not very serious, while any surplus beyond the present needs of the plants will be retained for future use; but nitrogen applied in excess is, as a rule, nitrogen wasted and, as we have seen, this is an expensive fertilizer. This leads us to the theory, which has the support of good practice, that nitrogen should be applied in small quantities and often rather than enough at one time to perfect the crop. There are combinations of nitrogen, however, as in stable manure and animal matters, which require time to unlock and render available. Such compounds may be applied in larger quantities some time previous to the planting of the crop, or a time allowance made to enable the proper forces to tear the combinations apart, and render the nitrogen fit for assimilation. The high price of nitrogenous fertilizers has caused careful search to be made for the purpose of finding cheaper sources of supply than those above mentioned. To understand the reasons for some of the studies which have been made with this end in view, it will be well to review some of the theories of the inhalation of nitrogen and the forces which are supposed to play an important part in the reduction of nitrogenous compounds and the secretion of the prod- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLOEISTS 53 uct within the plant tissues. Some of the most interesting chapters in the history of plant life are those dealing with the relationships between widely different organizations, where a partnership is formed for the mutual benefit of the parties concerned. It was formerly supposed that all plants growing upon others were parasites or, to use the somewhat "yellow" language of Grant Allen, they were committing "robbery and murder." When nearly forty years ago, Frank made the' startling assertion that the "beech is a parasite on a fungus," he did not mean just what we would ordinarily understand by parasite, but that the beech was simply dependent for its supply of nitrogen upon a mycorrhiza or root fungus. Modern investigations have shown that many of the associations are far from being criminal, and that the two members are mutually dependent on one another for existence. To this peculiar arrangement has been given the name of symbiosis, which, being interpreted, means living together, or union for life of certain organisms, each of which is necessary to the other. Plants of the higher orders are dependent for their supply of nitrogen on that which is soluble in water, while some of the lower forms are able to extract it from its compounds, or, as some claim, from the atmosphere, a state- ment, however, which needs proof. Of the lowly forms which possess these powers of nitrification, perhaps the most familiar are the maligned bacteria. To these simple micro-organisms we probably owe most of the reduction of organic remains, the breaking down of complex, and the formation of simpler soluble ones. It is maintained that a symbiotic relationship exists between our red clover and the nitrifying bacteria, and that the little swellings or tubercles which are ordinarily to be found on the roots of the clover are the homes of the bacteria; that the bacteria supply the nitrogen necessary for the growth of the clover, and, in return, take from the clover such elaborated food as they may require. Such tubercles may be found on the roots of beans, peas or, in fact, on most of the leguminous plants. Whether the bacteria can take nitrogen from the air may well be doubted, but it is a pretty well established fact that they can extract nitrogen from combinations that are beyond the poAver of higher plants. So firmly has the belief in this association been established that it has become the practice to inoculate the soil with the proper bacteria when legumes are to be grown on soil where their natural symbionts are lacking. This inoculation is often made by the transfer of some soil from a fertile field to the new location. One can obtain on the market pure cultures of 54 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION bacteria, suitable for various crops, and sow with the seed. That the use of these cultures is not uniformly successful, does not disprove the theory, but rather indicates that the preparations are at fault, or that they are not prop- erly applied. Long before these relations were known, the fact was realized that if a good crop of clover could be grown upon a field it could safely be relied upon to grow a good crop of corn or wheat the succeeding year, and this notwith- standing the fact that the clover had been cut and removed in the form of hay. The extensive root system of the clover, with its stored nitrogen, being sufHcient for the succeeding crop. The action of fungi of the unicellular type in breaking down organic com- pounds has long been recognized and put to use in many industries: witness the yeasts and other ferments of this class, but their mutual relationships with the higher plants are subjects of quite recent inquiries. To recur to the state- ment in regard to the fungus and the beech, we find that in this case we have a fungus of a higher and much more complex organization, a fungus which, instead of being a microscopic unicellular plant, or a collection of similar cells, is really a structure having organs highly differentiated and making in some stages of its growth a conspicuous object to the naked eye. Here, too, it is believed that a symbiotic relationship is maintained, and that the mycorrhiza, in return for the nitrogen secreted for the higher plant, takes its pay in starch or sugar which it is unable to make for itself. Investigation shows many cases of symbiosis between plants containing chlorophyl and those which are without it. Among our cultivated plants which depend more or less upon the help of the root fungus we may mention some of the orchids, gerardias, poly- galas, some ericaceous species, and many others. If you will examine some of these plants or, to be more exact, if you will place a thin section of their root on the stage of a microscope ha\ing a magnifying power of about nine hundred diameters, you will be able to trace the mycelium of the fungus invest- ing, with its anastomosing fibers, the outside of the root and penetrating through the epidermal cells of the host. In speaking of the ferments we are prone to infer that the work is all done by the micro-organisms already referred to, but it seems that still more important in the economy of plant, as well as animal life are the unorganized ferments or enzymes. It now seems likely that these enzymes may have an important bearing on the fertilizer question. Just what the nature of these substances may be, at the present time we do not know, as it is difficult to collect them in a pure state. That they are highly nitrogenous, however, is generally believed. But it is their action which concerns us most. It is said that these ferments bring about changes by their mere presence, or at least without loss of their own substance. That is what is called catalytic action, just as the presence of certain metals in a solution will precipitate other metals. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 55 These enzymes exist in all parts of the active tissues of the plant, and are found in abundance upon the growing point of roots. They evidently have the power of reducing the starches, fats and proteids to forms which can be directly assimilated and used in the building up of tissue. In fact, it appears that it is to the work of these enzymes that the bacteria and other simple forms of vegetable life owe their power of rendering up in such a remarkable degree the nitrogen contained in albuminoids and other compounds. The enzymes have been studied principally as they appear within the plant body. They are not themselves organized, and are products, not parts, of the vegetable cell. They can bring about their characteristic changes as well outside as inside the body; and an interesting question is how far these substances may extend outside the plant body, and if it is not possible that in some genera of plants the work of collecting nitrogen from the soil is not due directly to them with- out the intervention of the fungus. In discussing the fertility of the soil, there are other factors than the persence of chemical elements necessary for plant food. The food must be accessible, there must be a supply of water for solvent purposes, and there must be a sufficient amount of heat to encourage the action of the dissolving agencies. The physical condition of the soil plays a very important part in determining the fertility of the soil. Air and water are not usually spoken of as fertilizers, but they, nevertheless, are vital to the success of the plant. The soil must be of such character that the air can circulate among the particles and come in contact wdth the rootlets. The soil must also be in such condition that it will hold a certain amount of water, and it must be of such consistency that the root hairs can visit every little grain of earth in search of nutriment. The soil must not be so fine as to obstruct the free passage of air and water, nor so coarse as to allow either to flow through in currents. What we need is a happy medium where the spaces between the soil particles are such that a mere film of water encircles every one, or, what is called hygroscopic holding of moisture. In this condition the soil is capable of absorbing and holding the greatest possible amount of nutrients in a readily accessible man- ner. In this condition, too, it will maintain a more equable temperature and become a more comfortable home for nutrifying bacteria. This physical con- dition of the soil is brought about by tillage, and it is frequently the case that proper handling of the soil makes all the difference between success and failure. So much for some of the factors which we have to consider in increasing the fertility of our fields, and now let us consider briefly some of the causes of loss of fertility. We are apt to attribute loss of fertility entirely to absence of available plant food. That such is not always the case will be evident to anyone who has had long experience in gardening operations. 56 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION In the originally fertile farm lands of Central New York, where a rota- tion of corn and wheat and clover, or wheat, clover and grass, or something of that kind, was pursued for long years, we heard complaints of lessening fertility. The land would no longer grow clover or, as the farmers expressed it, the land was "clover sick." This land still grows a fair crop of corn, or potatoes, or the grasses, but clover must be given a rest and is uncertain. After a few years' rest, probably the clover grows again. There are failures of other crops, it is true; failures which are often and perhaps justly attributed to exhaustion of the soil or at least of certain of the elements. The theory is that the land must be rested, or a rotation pursued, which will allow of a recovery or a renewal of the missing element. It is such occur- rences which have been responsible for our systems of rotation of crops. The unsatisfactory part of this exhaustion theory is that no matter how much fertilizer we may supply, we can not get certain crops to succeed them- selves annually through a long series of years and give satisfactory returns; while certain other crops can be grown annually on the same plot for a genera- tion and increase in fruitfulness from year to year. In looking for an ex- planation which explains, we naturally recall the fact that all living things in the course of their growth use only certain portions of the crude material which is taken into their systems, and reject other portions more or less changed in character. These rejected waste or by-products may be thrown off from the organism or packed away in some unoccupied corner. These refuse portions are often useful as a food for other organisms though some are very poisonous, particularly to the organism which produced it. You will, doubtless, remem- ber that the bacteria and other micro-organisms are notorious in this direc- tion: they not only give off refuse matters which are excessively poisonous to some other forms of life, but in the end they destroy the bacteria from whence they came. These secretions of waste matters have been given the name of ptomaines, and instances of severe illness, or even death, from the use of ice cream or cheese containing these ptomaines will perhaps be more or less familiar to you. Now, it is possible that our "clover sickness," and other like occurrences, are due not to exhaustion but to the presence in the soil of these ptomaine poisons. Perhaps the clover itself may not be the direct victim, but the nutri- fying bacteria so necessary to the growth of the plant may be killed by their own toxic refuse. If this is true of clover, it may be true of other plants which decline to succeed themselves for any length of time. If this theory of ptomaines is tenable, we have an explanation of a puzzle. There is, of course, a great difference in various plants in the character of their secretions. The Rothamsted experiments showed, if I remember rightly, that wheat could be grown ou the same land for at least twenty years and the yield be on the increase. SOCIETY OF AMEKICAN FLORISTS 57 Some other crops are known to do well, year after year, in the same soil, a fact -well known to gardeners, and I can recall one instance of rye being grown on the same field for twenty successive years without any apparent loss of vigor. Regarding the behavior of many of the flower crops which are grown under glass, we have but comparatively few facts available. The general im- pression is, I think, that they will not do their best unless the soil is entirely renewed each season. Whether this is due to poisoning of the soil, or to the exliaustion of some food element, or to a change in the physical character of the soil, has not been determined so far as I am aware. If the loss of fertility of the soil in our greenhouse is due to physical changes, it is a serious matter, for it means the removal and renewal of the soil once or twice a year, an operation both laborious and costly. In the broader practice of field work these losses can be more readily corrected, at least we do not have to move our soil to the crops, but can move our crops to the soil, a comparatively easy matter. Fertility can be maintained by proper rotation and the recuperative forces of Nature. We stand in need of more thorough investigation of the losses in our greenhouse work, and it seems to me that the experiment stations might help us in that direction. Horticulturists have, it is true, done a great deal of experimenting along these lines, but most of the work has not been done in such a manner as to render the results of any great value to the public, nor have there been records kept of the work which are available for study and comparison. We do not know just what is the best thing to do: we must still experi- ment a little. Fertilizers do not act just the same every time, but we must continue to use them, and our experience is a pretty good, though often costly guide in their application. We must remember that fertilizers do not always mean fertility: we need good tillage, good cultivation and common sense mixed with them. It seems to me that we stand today upon the threshold of the door which will lead us to a vastly better understanding, not only of the processes of assimilation, but also a more perfect knowledge of the economical production and use of fertilizing elements. The President invited discussion. Mr. E. V. Hallock remarked that the paper presented much matter that was new to himself. He requested its author to speak further in detail in regard to the fungus on the beech. 58 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Prof. Co well responded : Prof. Frank, of Germauy, was the first to promulgate the theory that the beech always had a fungus on the root. His statement was that the beech was a parasite on the fungus. Since that time, or very soon after that statement came out, we examined the roots of many beech trees, and in all cases w^e found the fungus on the roots of all the healthy trees. Mr. J. Otto Thilow, of Philadelphia: I wish to ask Prof. Cowell this Question: Has it been determined as to the amount of inoculated soil neces- sary per acre to sufficiently inoculate a new field for the growing of nitrogen- ous crops; and how deep do the bacteria extend; or may it be considered profitable to dig this inoculated soil? Prof. Cowell: The practice has been for the farmers to take one or two tons of soil from a fertile field — taking the top soil to the depth of perhaps six inches or a shovel's depth — and spread it with a manure-spreader over the new ground. They considered that two tons of the fertile soil was sufficient to inoculate an acre of ground. A member here remarked that where there had been clover sickness for several years the land was very open ; that if the land had become sour, clover would not grow; and that this could be cured by an application of lime, as had been demonstrated at the Ohio Institution and others. Prof. Cowell : What is known as sour land is not always due to the accumulation of humic acid or acids of that class in the soil, but the ptomaines of which I have spoken may produce that condition which is often called "sour;" and lime is one of the most effective destroyers of the ptomaines. The practice of using it is a common one with the farmers and undoubtedly is a good practice. Mr. E. Y. Halloek : This lecture of Prof. Cowell 's is of exceeding great ralue, but it may only be when necessity forces the people of our country to consider this matter more closely, that they will appreciate the importance of the warning which this paper gives. Our country has been blessed by nature so profusely that it is difficult to heed that warning now. The dwellers on this hemisphere have not only been blessed by nature, but have been fortunate in the fact that their ancestors were the Indians, who did not kill nor exhaust the soil. When the white man acquired the land he found it a virgin plain from the Atlantic to the Pacific. He started on Long Island, lie wrested the great domain from the Indian, and he has gone West and still further West. I know of when Rochester was called ' ' the flour city, ' ' for it was the center of the great wheat district before the wheat belt moved SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 59 away. We are still going West, but pretty soon there will be no West, it will be all occupied; and then, when the tide of humanity rolls backward, our people will begin to seriously consider Prof. Cowell's statements. The exhaustion of the naturally prolific soil with which we have been blessed is a serious thing, but it is sure to come sooner or later. Only a few weeks ago a convention of all the governors of the states was held to consider the conservation of our natural resources, and the subject here comes in the same category; but we may have to come a little closer to the starvation line before we realize the full force of Prof. Cowell's warning. Mr. H. B. Dorner, of Urbana, 111., inquired about the use of humus in the soil, as to what effect it has upon plant growth, and the availability of fertilizers. Prof. Cowell : I think its use is almost entirely mechanical. It is an extremely good material to hold moisture and salts which are in solution, but the humus itself is of very little value as a fertilizer. It simply makes a good nidus for bacteria and affords good conditions for the germination of seeds. Mr. Dorner suggested that a certain amount of humus is neces- sary for the development of the bacteria which changed the nitrogen compounds into available forms. Prof. Cowell : While I think that a certain amount of humus is very de- sirable in the soil, yet there are soils that are extremely fertile which con- tain so little humus that you have to go after it with a microscope. Witness the soils in our Western plains and in the Southwest, which are like barren gravel with a concrete or cement floor over them; and when you break up that crust and irrigate you can raise the finest crops in the world upon that soil which is without humus. A member remarked that he would not say that humus is useless, as it supplied a good medium for the roots to grow in, but crops had been grown in pure sand without any humus at all. The discussion here closed and, on motion of Mr. Edwin Lons- dale, the thanks of the Society were voted to Prof. Cowell for his very able paper. TO MEET AT CINCINNATI IN I909. The President announced, as the next order of business, the selection of the next meeting place and that the polls would be open for one hour. 60 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-EOURTH CONVENTION Mr. J. A. Peterson, of Cincinnati, president of the Cincinnati Florist Club, urged the selection of that city and extended an invitation to the Society from the local club, accompanying it with letters from Mayor Wright and the Industrial League of Cin- cinnati, urging an acceptance of the invitation. He spoke of the numerous good hotels of that city and the excellent convention facilities there. He assured the members of a fraternal greeting and suggested that it would be peculiarly appropriate for the Society to celebrate its twenty-fifth anniversary on the spot where its first meeting was held. Secretary Rudd read, for information, the letters presented to him by ]\Ir. Peterson. The one from the Mayor stated that the writer recalled with much pleasure the meeting of the Society in Cincinnati twenty-five years ago, when the delegates placed them- selves on record as having had an enjoyable time. He added that the Queen City would deem it a special pleasure to entertain the florists once more. Mr. E. G. Gillett, of Cincinnati, in seconding the invitation, said it had been a pleasure for the people of Cincinnati to enter- tain the S. A. F. a quarter of a century ago ; that it would be a still greater pleasure for them to join in celebrating its silver jubilee; and that he now extended to the S. A. F. an invitation to celebrate its golden jubilee in the same city, twenty-five years hence. He said the florists there, of whom there were a goodly number, promised the visitors one of the most hospitable receptions they had ever received. They would be tendered the use of Horticul- tural Hall and ]\Iusic Hall, where a large exposition had been held ; and additional exhibition quarters would be available If required. He also spoke of the hotel accommodations of the city, its places of entertainment, and mentioned the Park, the Museum and the Zoological Gardens. Mr. Philip Breitmeyer moved the acceptance of the invitation from Cincinnati, and the motion was seconded by various members. Mr. W. W. Gammage, of London, Ont., invited the Society to come to Montreal. He said it had been the intention of the dele- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 61 gation from that city to extend the invitation, but they had not yet arrived and he now acted for them. He enumerated some of the attractions of Montreal and its advantage as a cool resort. He added that if the sentiment in favor of Cincinnati as the place for next year was too strong to be overcome, he would press the acceptance of his invitation for 1909, that he wanted it to be regarded as a standing invitation. He also announced that the Canadian brethren, in session at the Clifton House, had arranged to receive the S. A. F. members later in the day, and he hoped to meet them there. Secretary Rudd presented and read, on behalf of Mr. Vick, of Rochester, N. Y., letters of invitation from the Mayor and Chamber of Commerce of that city. He said he had been advised by Mr. \^ick that these were intended for the meeting next year but that that gentleman, realizing the superior claims of Cincinnati for the quarter century meeting, would be satisfied with an acceptance for 1910. (The letter from the Mayor detailed the natural advantages of Rochester as a convention point, and the one from the Chamber of Commerce offered the use of a convention hall without charge.) The President suggested that, as Cincinnati was the only place nominated, the requirement of the by-law for the opening of the polls might be dispensed with by unanimous consent and a single ballot be cast, which would economize time. Air. Robert Craig moved to instruct the Secretary to cast one vote for Cincinnati as the unanimous choice of the convention. The motion was carried without dissent, a vote was cast accord- ingly, and the Chair reported the sele'ction of Cincinnati. NOMINATION OF OFFICERS. The next business was the nomination of officers for the ensuing year, and the Chair invited nominations for the office of President. Mr. P. O'Mara (after an interval in which no nominations were made) said: 62 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-EOURTH CONVENTION Mr. President, no response has been made to your invitation for nomina- lious for the oflQee of president, and I mention the fact as significant. The meaning of it is plain to me: that the usual game of politics is not in opera- tion. Otherwise some member would have instantly claimed the attention of the Chair. However others may regard this, it seems to me a healthy sign, because it evidences the fact that in this instance the office is going to seek the man. Sir, I have no commission from the candidate whom I will name, nor from any personal friend or any group of friends, to place him in nomina- tion. Possibly many in this convention have heard his name coupled with his prospective candidacy but it has only been mentioned casually. He is a mem- ber who has rendered good service to this organization. I think that in all the qualities that are essential for a standard bearer of this Society he can hold his own with any former incumbent of this high office, or with any candidate for it. That is my opinion, and, of course, as to that any member may judge for himself. Now, sir, geography must always play some part in the selection of a president. We are a national society, and it is well to distribute the officers so as to show that w^e are not of the North, the South, the East or the West, but that we represent all sections. The gentleman whom I will name comes from what we at one time called "the far West." I think it would be an appropriate recognition of that region for this Society to elect to the high office of President this worthy member. I therefore have pleasure in placing in nomination Mr. J. A. Valentine, of Denver, Colo. Mr. I. C. Berterman, of Indianapolis: Mr, President, it gives me great pleasure to second the nomination of Mr. Valentine. Mr. Wm. J. Stewart, of Boston: Mr. President, coming as I do from one of the chief eastern points represented in this meeting, I also take pleasure in seconding the choice of this gentleman from the far West. I approve of Mr. O'Mara's sentiments. I think it is eminently the proper thing for us to do. It is going to place the Society in a broad light before its future membership and before the world. It is going to make us prouder of our history. I think we will never regret having placed this splendid, intelligent and yet modest and unassuming m.an in a position which we who know him, know he can so well fill. Mr. J. D. Carmody, of Evansville, Ind. : I desire to be heard as coming not from the far West or the far East, but from the Middle States. I move that the nominations close. Mr. W. K. Harris, of Philadelphia: Mr. President, I am opposed to that motion because I think it is too much like politics. Give every man a fair chance. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 63 The President : The motion is perhaps premature at this time and is therefore out of order. Mr. John Westcott, of Philadelphia: Mr. President, we have in sight a great number of good men from the East but \vc have had more than our share of recognition. I think it would be a good idea to close the nomina- tions, I make a motion to that effect. The President took the vote, when the motion of Mr. Westcott was agreed to without objection. The President invited nominations for the office of Vice- President. Mr. J. A. Peterson, of Cincinnati, nominated Mr. E. G. Gillett, of Cincinnati. On motion, the nominations closed without objection. The President invited nominations for the office of Secretary. Mr. Edwin Lonsdale, of Philadelphia, nominated Mr. Willis N. Rudd, of Morgan Park, 111. Mr. John Birnie, of Hoboken, N. J., seconded the nomination. Mr. E. A. Seribner, of Detroit, Mich.: Mr. President, through some mis- understanding the member who was to make a nomination on behalf of the Detroit Florists' Club is not present, and the duty seems to devolve upon me. I will discharge it as best I can. The gentleman whom I will name is not from the East or the West, but rather from the Middle States, and is one whom the Detroit florists think will fill the bill to perfection. I will not enlarge upon his qualifications, but will come at once to the point. I place in nomina- tion a gentleman who is known to most of us — Mr. John F. Sullivan, of Detroit, Mr. Philip Breitmeyer, of Detroit: Mr. President, I take great pleasure in seconding the nomination made by the President of our Club, Mr. Seribner. I believe you all know Mr. Sullivan, who has done all that one man could do for this Society. We of Detroit know that he has made the best secretary the Detroit Club ever had. He is hard working, energetic and ambitious. In my mind there is no better man for this office, because he has studied all the details concerning this Society's work. I hope that when the ballots are cast Mr. Sullivan will have received a majority vote. Mr, E. V, Hallock, Queens, N, Y, : Fellow members, in seconding the nomination of Mr. Rudd I am actuated by a high sense of duty, for he has 04 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION proved himself to be a loyal member of the Society and an efl&eient officer. He took the secretaryship under peculiarly difficult and distressing circum- stances. How well he has performed his duty is shown by the official records and the reports he has read to you. Your former Secretary held office for twenty years; your present Secretary has not yet filled out a term of one year. Now, I ask a question that I think is pertinent : does not your present Secre- tary fill the bill? Does he not possess all the qualifications requisite for the performance of the duties of his office? Does his competitor possess any superior qualifications? In other words, is there one reason why you should displace the present incumbent by the election of the other candidate? I have failed to find any reason. Conceding that both gentlemen are equally estimable and capable, I cannot see how you can displace this competent and faithful officer. To treat an officer in that way is apt to discourage any member from accepting a responsible position in your Society. I simply appeal to that sense of justice that I believe every member of this Society possesses. I say to them, don't close your eyes to the eternal justice of a vote for the present incumbent — don't let your enthusiasm run away with your good sense. On motion, the nominations for Secretary here closed. The President invited nominations for the office of Treasurer. Mr. John Westcott, of Philadelphia, nominated the present incumbent, Mr. H. B. Beatty. The President (after an interval) announced, without objec- tion, that as no other name had been mentioned, the nominations had closed. He then appointed the following as judges of the election : Messrs. Philip Breitmeyer, Walter Sheridan and E. G. Gillett. WELCOME TO THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION. Traendly conferred with the delegation and then said : A delegation from the Canadian Horticultural Association (whose annual meeting was in session at the Clifton House, on the Canadian side) was received by the convention at this point. The visitors, headed by the President of their association, Mr. John Walsh, were escorted to the platform by ex-Mayor Cutler, of Niagara Falls, and were welcomed by their American brethren with long continued applause. After personal greetings, President SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS G5 It is my pleasant duty, as President of the S. A. F. & O. H., to welcome to our Convention our co-workers from across the border. I am voicing the sentiment of every one of our members when I say that it was a happy coin- cidence that both Associations should be in session at the same time, thereby giving us an opportunity to meet our Canadian friends. I hope they will attend some of our meetings and lectures and also inspect our trade exhibit. President John Walsh, of the Canadian Association, responded : Members of the S. A. F., I am sure that I only voice the one sentiment of all my fellow members of the C. H. A. when I return you our sincere thanks for your hearty welcome here today. As your President has wisely said, the man who conceived the idea of having the two Conventions in session at one time and at one place deserves more than a passing word of recommendation. There is no doubt that the coming together of the two organizations wdll benefit both; although I may say that ours is a baby in the cradle when compared with yours, a full grown man. While our Association can hardly hope to aspire to the magnitude which your organization has reached today, we know that in the Dominion of Canada there is a field for us today; and I am sure that with all the Canadian workers, we will do our share in the world of horticulture. This is the first time we have had the pleasure to meet together but I hope it is not the last; and I hope that when next we meet it will be on Canadian soil with no bridge or river between us. THE PRESIDENT S RECOMMENDATIONS. Air. Robert Craig, of Philadelphia, from the committee to which was referred the recommendations in the President's address, made a report, which was read as follows : Your committee have today examined a number of articles which have been furnished to the newspapers of America by the Council of Horticulture, and find them to be useful and practical, but would suggest that there should be, in the future, a greater proportion of articles on geraniums, begonias, fuch- sias, heliotropes and other leading plants handled by florists. The difficulty of getting a sufficient number of articles on these subjects is appreciated by your committee, and it is, therefore, recommended that members of this society should, from time to time, write such matter and forward to our Secretary. Articles on cut flowers and how to take care of them, and on house plants, are particularly desirable. Your committee, after careful consideration of the proposed registration of new plants by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, conclude that while there is much in favor of it, yet, for all practical purposes, the present system is sufficient. We believe that the S. A. F. & O. H. contains 66 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION within its membership men competent to pass upon the merits of new plants. The registration of the society has never been seriously questioned, and we think it should be retained in our hands. In regard to the proposed change in date of meeting to, say, the first week in September, your committee is opposed to such change, believing that, all things considered, August is the most acceptable time to a majority of our members. It is recommended that there be appropriated, this year, a sum not exceeding $J50, and the Secretary be instructed to communicate with the Rose, Carnation, Chrysanthemum, Peony, Dahlia and other societies, so as to procure articles from experts on suitable subjects. Your committee strongly favors the establishment of a domestic parcels post, and would suggest that all members of the society should urge upon their representatives in Congress the great need of this addition to our postal facilities. Robert Simpson, Patrick O'Mara, RoBT. Craig. On motion of Mr. John Westcott, the report was adopted and made part of the record. REPORT OF THE JUDGES OF EXHIBITS. The judges of exhibits in the trade display (Messrs. Joseph A. Manda, C. J. Graham and Fred H. Meinhardt) presented the fol- lowing report, which was read by Mr. Manda : A. Cowee, Berlin, N. Y. — Gladiolus, the following named varieties being especially good: Dawn, La Luna, Afterglow, War, Empire, A. Dimmock. Cer- tificate of Merit. Kroeschell Bros. Co., Chicago, 111. — Improved generator for hot water heating, increasing capacity of boiler. Also pipe coupling and improved 1910 model boiler. Certificate of Merit. Herendeen Mfg. Co., Geneva, N. Y. — New sectional boiler, series 160-180; special features, removable grate bars, two-way flue system, extra deep fire box. Certificate of Merit. Lord & Burnham, Irvington, N. Y. — New round sectional boiler. Increased fire surface directly over fire. Certificate of Merit. Also new cast-iron bench. Highly commended. SOCIETY OF AMEKTCAN FLORISTS 67 King Construction Co., North Tonavvanda, N. Y. — New sash bar bracket, iron frame ventilating sash, greenhouse truss construction. Certificate of Merit. Also pipe hanger and bracket. Highly commended. J. A. Payne, Jersey City, N. J. — Skeleton rafter, bent glass eave construc- tion. Honorable mention. J. C. Moninger Co., Chicago, 111. — New ice clearing hinge, with brass pins for ventilating sash. Certificate of Merit. Also honorable mention for inter- locking splice. Camp Conduit Co., Cleveland, 0. — New tile bench. Honorable mention. E. H. Hunt, Chicago, 111. — Cement bench construction. Certificate of Merit. The Standard Pump & Engine Co., Cleveland, O. — Pumps for shallow and deep well use. Gas or gasoline can be used with no change whatever. Three- way safety valve on all pumps. Certificate of Merit. Altinio Culture Co., Canfield, O. — Chrysanthemum aster. Certificate of Merit. Madison Basketeraft Co., Madison, O. — Willow basket. Highly com- mended. The Heim Support Co., Connorsville, Ind. — Carnation support. Honorable mention. M. Rice & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. — Fine line florists' supplies. Honorable mention. Schloss Bros., New York. — New French ribbon novelties. Highly com- mended. The Ever-Ready Pot Cover Co., Buffalo, N. Y. — Ever-ready pot cover. Honorable mention. Wertheimer Bros., New York — New dewdrop chiffon and other ribbon nov- elties. Highly commended. H. Bayersdorfer & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. — Fine line of florists' supplies. Honorable mention. F. R. Pierson Co., Tarrytown, N. Y. — New fern Nephrolepis elegantissima compacta. Honorable mention. A. T. Boddington, New York — Ferguson combination sprayer and syringe. As a sprayer, highly commended. 68 PROCEEDIXGS OF TWEXTY-FOURTH COXVEXTION The Corner Lock Co.. St. Loiii?. Mo. — Lock for hot bed frame corners. Honorable mention. The Wilson-HoTt Co.. Short Hills, X. J.— Cement bench construction. Highly commended. Kobt. Kift, Philadelphia. Pa. — Improved berry and fern globe. Honorable mention. The Demming Co.. Salem. O, — Spraying outfit. Highly commended. Geo. E. Brown. Greenfield. Mass. — Carnation support. Highly com- mended. C. Winterich. Defiance, O. — Defiance greenery stump. Highly com- mended. Xote. — The report above has been corrected for additions and changes as per supplementary reports of the judges made upon later days. On motion of ^Ir. \\'intzer. the report was accepted and filed. Adjourned (at 12:30 o'clock p. m. i until evening. SECOND DAY- AFTERNOON A large delegation of the members of the S. A. F. & O. H. visited the Canadian Horticultural Association, in session at the Clifton House, on the Canadian side. They were received at the entrance and escorted to seats in the convention hall. President Traendly and Mr. E. G. Hill being conducted to the platform. The American colors were conspicuous among the decorations of palms and plants around the hall. \\'hen the business of the session had been completed the visitors were supplied with miniature English flags and conveyed to Queen A'ictoria Park, where refreshments were served in the pavilion overlooking the Horse Shoe Falls. The great cataract, adorned with its ever-present rainbow, never presented a grander spectacle. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS C9 President Traeiidly, on behalf of the visitors, cordially thanked the Canadians for their hospitality, and said: If it were not for the uniformed customs officer whom we passed when crossing the bridge, we would not have thought of the dividing line. How- ever, horticulture knows no dividing line; and I hope that when w'e have returned to our homes we wall all feel better and wiser because of what we have seen and heard at each other's metings. Hearty cheers followed on both sides. Subsequently the visitors were escorted to the power house of the Canadian Niagara Power Company, where they were shown the largest turbines and genera- tors in the world, in operation. SECOND DAY-EVENING The only feature of the informal session in the evening was an illustrated lecture, in the auditorium of the building of the Shredded Wheat Company, by Mr. J. Horace MacFarland, of Harrisburg, Pa., President of the American Civic Association. His subject was "how florists may aid in the crusade against ugliness." Stereopticon views of public parks and their entrances, showing the commercial intrusion of bill boards on beauty spots, also the disfigurement of public streets, etc., were described by the lecturer, who said that florists might aid the crusade by decrying private and public ugliness wherever it appeared. He continued : That they should do this as a matter of self-interest, if not as a matter of good citizenship, ought to be obvious to any man who knows enough to come in when it rains. Florists sell beauty. Their whole business and trade is connected with the sale of beauty, and their best customers are those who care most for beauty. I have never heard that the stock yards of Chicago, the iron workers of Homestead or the coal miners of Pennsylvania 70 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION are the largest users of cut flowers or of the plants the florist has to sell. On the contrary, it is those who love beauty and are surrounded by beauty who maintain the whole business of ornamental horticulture. This crusade against ugliness is not a new one. Every man and every woman is engaged in it, more or less, all the time. Perhaps not many in this audience are here without neckties, and yet not a man here needs a necktie for warmth or protection; he wears it because he wants to make himself look pretty. Sometimes he succeeds and sometimes he does not. The ladies — God bless them — are not only the most earnest crusaders against ugliness, but themselves furnish the best argument for working in such a crusade. When they wear Merry Widow hats we dodge our heads aside, but we stand it because the hats make the women look better. We are not quite so sure now about the sheath gown; but if the dear women think that is a good thing, then all the poor men can do is to follow their lead. One of the troubles about this crusade is that it has been mixed up, in bygone years, with religion. When the only idea of a man or woman was to wear as fine feathers as either could get, regardless of neighbors, the pur- suit of beauty became an absolutely selfish thing; and selfishness is diametric- ally opposed to the principles of true religion. Therefore, it came about- that hitting at selfishness by Christian people, scores of years ago, hit at beauty also. As a result there are sects which think they approach the Creator more closely in wearing clothes plain in cut and sometimes without buttons. I remember meeting, not very long ago, a woman of one of these interesting sects, which prevail in Pennsylvania, whose clothes were per- fectly correct in their severe outline and lack of ornamentation. Her in- herent love for beauty, however, had manifested itself in a very pretty pair of tan colored Oxford shoes, surmounted, as her not very long skirt showed, by equally bright and attractive tan colored hose. Another of these dear sisters, who was correct in every outline according to her re- ligious faith, chased the devil around the stump by wearing an entire cos- tume of bright purple. Thus we see, even among these sectarians, the desire for beauty and the unconscious protest against ugliness. Florests can help best in this crusade in which we are all more or less engaged, by first making the surroundings of their own homes and their own places of business absolutely pleasing. Some of my hearers may bring to mind floral establishments v.hich are not ornamental; in fact, I think that, without going many thousands of miles from this place, they could find some such establishments which could nut by any stretch of the imagina- tion be called beautiful. These show that the florists living and doing busi- ness under such conditions are like the doctors who are afraid of their own medicine. Certainly tiie florists can do nothing better to bring about a condition of beauty in the country than by making their own premises thoroughly and permanently attractive. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLOEISTS 71 The florist can also well afford to have his home beautiful, for the home is the unit of American life; and as the home is, in the long run, so is the city and so is the country. That you may realize how some thousands — yes, some millions — of working Americans live I show you pictures of homes attractive because of the beauty of the plants that florists sell, and other homes to which such attractiveness is a stranger. The children growing up under the sordid conditions existing in the Pennsylvania coal fields can- not be expected to become good customers for the florists unless they forget all about the beastly homes in which they live. Is it any wonder that the bitter gibe of William Morris finds point when he says that we are to work in this crusade "until the streets where men live are at least as sightly as the fields where the beasts live"? Xext to the home the unit is the street; and we proud Americans are accustomed to point out to strangers prominent buildings in our own com- munities, wholly disregardful of the surroundings of those buildings. (Pic- tures of ugliness in railroad approaches to large cities were here shown.) Even in proud Buffalo notice what the incoming traveler must endure, who lands at the wretched station on Exchange Street. But Buffalo also fur- nishes us with many most excellent models in her treatment of her wide tree-shaded streets, with duplicate grass plots, double rows of trees on each side and such an arrangement as prevents the beauty of the street from being interfered with by a gainful use for the distribution of electric power. Delaware Avenue, in Buffalo, for instance, has a duplicate service of water, gas, sewer and electric conduit pipes on each side and no poles. Florists, of all others, should believe in the park development of com- munities, without which communities are not fit to live in. I refer, of course to the modern park — useful rather than ornamental; useful in being beautiful and giving the rest and relief of green grass and fresh air with facilities for wholesome play and recreation to the greatest number of people with the least inconvenience. The entrances to such a park may make or mar the fair fame of the city. The beer sign bedecked way leading into Fairmount Park, in Philadelphia, is no credit to a city which, once far in advance in its park development, is now almost at the end of the pro- cession. We see, as a model, the dignified simple stone entrance to the Arnold Arboretum, a part of the park system of Boston. I tell you florists, what some of you at least do not know, that you have there, free of access to you all the time, the most permanent horticultural enterprise in the world, which is at the same time the most perfectly maintained testing ground for hardy trees and plants. The deed or contract between the city of Boston and Harvard University sets forth that the Arnold Arboretum is established for a thousand years and thereafter, according to the language of the deed, "so on from time to time forever." In the Arboretum splendid American plants, 72 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION which we are prone to neglect here while they are admired and eagerly sought for abroad, grace the drives. You will see there hedges of roses, many plants bearing ornamental fruit and a beautiful arrangement of specimen evergreens. Best of all, right in the heart of Boston, within fifteen minutes of Boston Common, there is maintained a genuine hemlock forest, of which Boston is as proud as she ought to be. Florists can do themselves no greater kindness than to visit the Arnold Arboretum often. Other park entrances are good and bad. Pittsburg approaches her best park (Shenley) along the boulevard named after General Grant. It is not an ideal bouvelard, being pirncipally conspicuous for its ugly signs. True park development should be the concern of those who are good citizens and particularly of those interested in horticulture from the commercial side. It is the universal experience that seeing beautiful plants, green grass, pleas- ant walks and shady nooks in a park begets a desire for just such facilities about the home; that is, well-conducted parks furnishing attractive facilities to the people, are continuous advertisements of the wares of the florist and the nurseryman. The florist can aid the crusade by appreciating that there is a vast advantage in cultivating more freely the splendid hardy native plants of America, for these are the very foundation of the beauty of the country. Their growth is an evidence of culture and a certain means of fostering the business of the florist. He ought to make his community a better place to live in. If soft coal smoke is pouring from his own chimneys, he is work- ing toward ugliness and not against it. The smoke nuisance destroys public and private beauty and is an unwarrantable intrusion upon the rights of all the people. Florists ought to combat this by example and by precept. Believing in the home beautiful and the street beautiful, the florist ought to be anxious to have all the elements of city life on the street as sightly as possible. Good looking street signs are worth while. I now show you one which, even though in a cemetery, is not any the less efficient because it is bedecked with a beautiful blooming clematis. Don't you believe that any one will be benefited by looking at it? Why must we wait until we are dead for our flowers? Personally I would rather see one flower bedecked sign post in the city of Niagara Falls than to know that I was going to have forty "Gates Ajar"' piled upon my defenseless coffin after I had passed away. (Merriment and applause.) Lamp posts and electric light poles do not need to be hideously ugly, although they usually are. European models are better and I present some examples for America, showing how much can be done toward setting up higher ideals in city streets. The florist can very well be a crusader against the ugly, wasteful and improvident wooden electric light pole. He can insist upon a graceful iron fixture; and if he is wise he will also insist upon the combination of electric light poles and trolley poles so that he SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 73 may be the sort of citizen who (unlike the model set up by Benjamin Frank- lin) has caused one pole to grow where two poles grew before. (The lecturer here exhibited a sample pole in the city of Cleveland and in the foreground a waste paper receptacle painted over with hideous signs. He ridiculed these signs and declared that Cleveland ought to be ashamed of the contract by which she municipally advertises gin, whiskey and vaude- ville on her waste paper cans. He next showed a picture of a cigar sign obstructing the view of a beautiful park. He said that the bill board man has no regard for the public expenditures on parks. He has no respect for the church, as shown by a picture taken in Memphis, where an ugly sign almost touched a church. This suggested a query as to the character of the competition between the Gospel for three hours a week inside and the "Woman Hater" type of sign displayed for twenty-four hours outside.) Nor does the bill board man respect the seat of government. In In- dianapolis, on the porch of the fine but smoke-blackened capital building, stands a majestic statue of the late Vice-President Hendricks. It points toward "Mennen's toilet powder," The way by which the incoming visitor may see the thirteen million dollar Pennsylvania capitol building is through an avenue of advertisements. The national capitol is a background for a very low grade of theatrical announcements; and the statue of the lamented Garfield serves as a foreground for "Quaker Oats." The sign man cares nothing for natural beauty except as he may exclude it by his insolent an- nouncements. Consider the signs across the gorge here at Niagara. Do you think that, injected as they are into one of the grandest works of the Creator, they are really efficient advertising? Last year the American Civic Association tested this question by having the Niagara Park authorities dis- tribute to people who had been on Goat Island certain cards asking questions, in an impartial manner, as to the effect of the signs to be seen from the western edge of Goat Island. The large number of responses showed that ninety-two per cent of the people were averse to the signs and were repelled by them. Consequently those signs do not make business for the concerns thrusting them thus into the very heart of this temple of the Creator's majesty. If the florist is in any sense a believer in public beauty he must himself not only fight signs, but discourage their use in the shape of bill boards and road posters. So far no one has been able to trace any beneficial results from sign boards, and it is believed that they are an excrescence upon the advertising industry. In conclusion the lecturer said there was a general awakening in this country at this time toward the real need for beauty in our daily lives. It was his earnest desire that the florists should join the rapidly increasing army of those who fight with every breath against unfair commercialism and for a general distribution of public beauty. 74 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOUETH CONVENTION THIRD DAY-MORNING Thursday, August 20, 1908. The session opened at 10:30 o'clock a. m., an hour after the appointed time; President Traendly in the chair. The President announced that the election of officers would be proceeded with during the session, and that the polls would be opened immediately and remain open for two hours to give all mem- bers in good standing an opportunity to vote. ANNOUNCEMENTS. Secretary Rudd made announcements as follows: Notice of a meeting of the Ladies' Society of American Florists at II a. m. in the auditorium of the Shredded Wheat Company building. Cable message of congratulations from C. H. Totty and Wil- liam Duckham, visitors at Shrewsbury, England. Telegram from W. W. Castle, of Boston, Mass., conveying his best wishes for an enjoyable and profitable session. OUT-OF-DOOR ROSES. Mr. W. C. Barry, of Rochester, N. Y., presented and read a valuable paper on this subject, which was heard attentively and applauded. It was as follows: In consenting to prepare a paper on ''Out-of-Door Eoses" for the twenty- fourth annual meeting of the S. A. F., I must admit that I did so with con- siderable liesitation, realizing full well that my statements, observations and conclusions would be subject to the consideration and criticism of experts. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 75 Your fame for rose growing under glass is world-wide. You have achieved a reputation of which not only you who are directly engaged in this business, but our countrymen as well, may be proud.' This happy condition is the result of hard work, serious study and long practice on your part. Aiming to grow the best, you have adopted and pursued methods which have accomplished the end. Your practice has been commended and followed by workers in other countries. Each year you have made advances and your ability has been amply demonstrated in the careful selection of varieties which you have adopted for forcing. It would be an easy matter to blunder seriously in this regard, but your judgment has been tried and found to be wise and correct. I premise my remarks with these statements because you have justly won a high place in floriculture and I am among the number of those who believe that your pursuit is so commendable, beneficial and elevating in its aim and influence, that it should be justly valued and your achievements should have the recognition and appreciation which they deserve. THE ROSE, THE QUEEN OF FLOWERS. I have been invited to consider a subject hardly in line with your work, and you may feel that I am occupying your time unprofitably, and yet I know and appreciate your great love for the Queen of Flowers. The Queen of Floral Beauties has been uppermost in your mind for years — you have thought about her, dreamed about her, exerted your best efforts in her behalf, and your suc- cess in every case has been most gratifying. In the floral kingdom are to be found innumerable beautiful and choice subjects, each one possessing charms peculiar to it?clf, but among the vast number the rose has been accorded the Ijighest place. To her we bow. To her do we exclaim in endearing tones: Your charms of color and form and fragrance are unequaled; we recognize your incomparable beauty, and as loyal subjects we vow to do all in our power to secure a better and higher appreciation of your virtues. With this in mind I trust you will not feel that I am wasting your time, but that you will cheerfully lend your attention, for a brief period, while we consider together as lovers of the rose, what may and should be done to forward the movement of out-of-door rose growing in this country. SUGGESTIONS FOR PLANTING ROSES. Wo have, I know well, in many sections, a climate so severe that rose culture is extremely difficult, if not impossible, and yet I can truthfully say that that territory is of small extent. In the southern states rose growing is comparatively easy. In the North we will confess that it is somewhat difiicult ; that is, roses grown in the North need some protection in winter, such as hilling up with earth or covering with evergreen boughs, or both. The 76 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION care and attention required to carry out these important details are often neg- lected and disappointments and discouragements follow. With the introduc- tion and employment of the hybrid teas more care than ever must be taken in this particular. In addition to the covering referred to, a shelter of boards to shed the water is recommended for the more tender varieties. Boses should ahvays he planted in a place and in a manner which will permit of their being protected. By this I mean that instead of scattering the plants here and there in the garden, border or lawn, I suggest planting them together in beds, groups or masses; not in the most conspicuous place in the grounds, but rather at the side, or in the rear, or in an inclosure with a hedge about them, the idea being that the plants may not be too prominent when out of flower. I think many planters err in this regard frequently. Eose gardens large and small have their place, but surely it is not in the front yard or in the most conspicuous part of the lawn. The ever-blooming sorts, like Baby Eambler, Killarney, Gruss an Teplitz, Testout, Kaiserin, Ce- cile Brunner, Baby Dorothy, White Crochet, Pink Crochet, Clothilda Soupert, are such continuous bloomers that they may be excepted and planted where they may be seen to advantage all summer long, but most varieties should be planted as I have suggested. If quantities of bloom are desired, then the plantation should be on a large scale, in the rear of the grounds, setting the plants in rows and beds with grass walks between them; this arrangement is practical and ornamental. In large places a garden should embrace one thousand plants at least and in smaller places a proportionate number. The amateur even cannot expect to get satisfactory results from a few plants. We must be generous in our plantings. The soil cannot be too good or too rich; if planted in good garden soil and manured heavily with well decayed manure I can predict with utmost certainty that the results will be satisfactory. The rose in good soil grows wonderfully, escapes diseases and insects and looks well, having ample foliage. Whenever possible, means for watering the plants should be provided and a liberal use of water will produce a marvelous effect. Water can be easily and cheaply conducted to various parts of the grounds in small iron pipes laid on the surface; this is better and cheaper than rubber hose. The expenditure in this direction will insure not only the health of plants but render them capable of producing blooms continuously. BUDDED AND OWN EOOT PLANTS. Some planters will have nothing but own root plants, because of disap- pointments and success in growing the stock, whether it be manetti or brier, rather than the variety of rose sought. Growing the stock has given a black eye to rose culture and it is difficult to persuade those Avho have once been disappointed to repeat their efforts with budded plants. In general, budded roses are the most satisfactory, because the plants are stronger at the start SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 77 and they continue so, they produce more and larger blooms and if they are watched and the suckers removed when they appear no trouble will en- sue. How to distinguish the stock from the budded variety is not by any means difficult if pains be taken to study the difference. On request any gardener will cheerfully point out to the amateur the points of distinction and when once they are recognized and understood no difficulty will be experienced. But there are many who will insist on having own root plants and I believe their wishes should be respected. DISEASES AND INSECT FOES. I will not take your time mentioning remedies for the control of diseases or the destruction of pests, but I will say that if the plants are maintained in a healthy condition by stirring the soil, watering frequently, removing faded blooms and diseased foliage, they will not be troubled seriously. Weakly plants are the victims of insects and diseases and it is the duty of every rose grower to furnish ample nourishment and copious waterings to maintain health. It is a mistake to conclude that rose culture is unsatisfactory, if not impos- sible, because of insect pests and diseases, PRUNING. If there is one cause more important than another for the failure of roses, we would attribute it to faulty pruning or perhaps to an entire lack of pruning at planting time. Thousands of roses are planted annually without beyig pruned at all, either the tops or the roots, and consequently fail and the seller has to take the blame. At planting time it is absolutely necessary that this operation should receive attention or loss will ensue. Dormant plants should always be cut back to two or three eyes when set out and in this way growth insured. Each year thereafter in the spring they should be cut back to two or three eyes. Some varieties need hard pruning, others moderate pruning. OUT-OF-DOOR ROSES. For growing out-of-door roses, beginning with the hardiest, those adapted to the severest climate and requiring the least care and attention, I would name the Japan roses, Rugosa and their hybrids. Extra hardiness is the dis- tinguishing and most valuable character of this family, although their showy and handsome foliage and fruit are almost as important qualifications. The single red and single white varieties are quite well known and have been extensively used for shrubberies, hedges, as well as single specimen plants. Atropurpurea is a very beautiful single, bearing maroon crimson flowers. Mrs. Anthony Waterer, ha\ing semi-double deep crimson fragrant blooms in clusters, 78 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION has special value. Agues Emily Carniau, with semi-cioiible crimson flowers, is one that has been planted quite largely, being much esteemed in some places. Madam George S. Bruant, bearing large double white flowers in clusters, is a beautiful rose, as is Blanc double de Coubert, a large and showy double white form of Rugosa alba; this will be prized by all on account of its large, well formed blooms. Conrad F. Meyer of recent introduction, is a rose with a great future; the flower is very large, well formed, of a silvery rose color and highly perfumed; continuous flowering may be added to the list of its good qualities. Of still later introduction is Nova ZembJa, equally free flowering and with well formed blooms, of a pearly w^hite color. Parfum de I'Hay pro- duces carmine red flowers and is delightfully fragrant. Belle Poitevine, rose colored, and Souvenir de Pierre Leperdrieux, deep red, may also be mentioned as very attractive. The Rugosa roses are really shrubs possessing great vigor, and their foliage and fruit are so handsome that they are beautiful at all times. No roses that I am acquainted with are so generally useful, possessing as they do so many valuable qualities. They should be very popular and may very justly be styled, * ' The Rose for the Million. ' ' HARDY CLIMBING ROSES. Climbing roses rank next in value for general use, as they can be employed advantageously in so many different ways to cover buildings, pergolas, arbors, summer-houses, as well as to hide unsightly objects and to make them at- tractive. In all grounds of large and small extent there are opportunities for their employment and, when used, they quickly transform an objectionable or "unattractive view into an interesting and delightful picture. It is simply a case of accomplishing much with a little effort and at small expense. If climbing roses w^ere planted as frequently as they should be many old and unsightly buildings would be changed into things of striking beauty. The truth of this statement will be verified when touring through the country, as we see on every side opportunities for the improvements I suggest. Crimson Rambler, introduced some years ago from Japan, became popular at once and has been widely disseminated. Dorothy Perkins, Lady Gay, and Farquhar — pink varieties — are recent introductions of the highest merit; all three are dis- tinct and should be included in a collection. Rubin yields ruby red flowers in great profusion. Hiawatha, new sort, bearing large single, scarlet flowers with golden centers, is one of the most remarkable varieties yet introduced and it will undoubtedly become the greatest favorite of them all; the flowers are produced in great clusters, are wonderfully durable and appear in mid- summer; to call it a grand new rose of the greatest value is not praising it too highly. Leuchtstern, a German introduction producing large, single, cine- raria-like flowers in bunches, bright rose color with large white eye, is novel and interesting. Tausendschon, or a Thousand Beauties, is one of the latest additions to this family; it bears abundantly very large flowers for its class, SOCIETY OF AMEKICAX FLORISTS 79 of a pale pink color, and jt bids fair on account of its size to become greatly esteemed. Helene, Queen Alexandra, Waltham Rambler and Wedding Bells are also desirable kinds. Each one has merits of its own and I might add sev- eral others but the list would be too extended. What picture could be more beautiful to look upon than an arbor or pergola covered with these roses, the branches hanging over in festoons and bearing thousands of blooms. I do not think we appreciate how valuable climbers are for the embellishment of buildings and garden structures and how beautiful and attractive we can make our homes with them. The latest novelty is one called Trier, a pale pink rose, small, almost single and borne in large clusters; it is said to be the first of a new race of roses, valuable on account of its being constantly in bloom. HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES. The so-called Hybrid Perpetual roses constitute the main reliance for blooms for garden and house decoration. If they were perpetual their value would be greatly enhanced, but as it is there is nothing to take their place. They do not flower as long as we could wish, but w^hen in bloom there is nothing that equals them; hence they are valued more than any other roses. The old and well-known General Jacqueminot is still a favorite on account of its vigor and hardiness. Marshall P. Wilder has beautiful, well formed, rich dark red blooms and delicate fragrance. Mrs. John Laing is almost perpetual and bears profusely blooms of a beautiful pink shade. Frau Karl Druschki is a new white, extremely floriferous and almost perpetual and although only brought to notice a year ago has already attained the distinction of being called the best hardy white rose. Paul Neyron, the peony rose, is so large as to command attention everywhere, notwithstanding its coarseness; if cut when in bud, or partly open, it is admirable and it should never be omitted from the garden. Ulrich Brunner is a red rose, very valuable for cutting, as the flower is showy and the stem is free from thorns. Earl of Duflferin is a velvety crimson rose of perfect form, has a delightful fragrance and is in every respect an exquisite rose. American Beauty, which does so well under glass, does not succeed out-of-doors, I regret to say. Clio is a large, flesh-colored rose, shaded with rosy pink, a most delightful combination, ren- dering it a general favorite. Baron de Bonstetten is one of the best very dark roses, a good flower, produced abundantly and it justly deserves a high place in -a collection. Other meritorious varieties are Magna Charta, Captain Hayward, Francois Michelon, Mme. Gabriel Luizet, Marchioness of London- derry, Margaret Dickson and Prince Camille de Rohan. Hugh Dickson, a crim- son rose sent out a year ago, gives promise of great value. I might enumerate many other H. P. 's which should be grown but I will not make the list too long. 80 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION DWARF POLYANTHA ROSES. In the last few years the dwarf Polyantha, or miniature roses, have re- ceived great attention from rose growers, and their introduction marks a new era in rose culture. They are quite hardy, flower freely and continuously and the blooms are produced in clusters, rendering them very effective and valuable for bedding. Baby Rambler is one of the best, being covered with crimson blooms all summer long. Clothilde Soupert, bearing very large and beautifully imbricated pearly white flowers, has proved to be a most excellent bedder and is rapidly winning wide recognition. Baby Dorothy, a new variety, is similar in growth and habit, but bears pink flowers. It, too, will be prized as a bedder. Cecile Brunner is one of the prettiest, bearing freely miniature flowers of perfect form and salmon pink color. It is dainty and beautiful, grows well and flowers freely. , There are several others in this class which can be recommended, like White Baby Rambler, Catherine Zeimet, Cacarian A^ogel, Leonie Lamesch, each one having charms of its own. Time will not permit me to refer to them at length, but let me assure you that they are real beauties, deserving of our most careful attention. From this time on it may be said that we possess real bedding roses and our supply must be drawn mainly from this and the next section for that purpose. HYBRID TEA ROSES. I have left for the last the consideration of the hybrid tea roses, which are marvelously beautiful. The introduction of Dickson & Son are of the highest merit, possessing all the charming qualities of the older roses but in- tensified to a remarkable degree. The combinations have been most suc- cessful and the new varieties may be said to be almost perfect. The buds are large, long and of fine shape, the shades of color new and charming and the open flower surprisingly beautiful. Killarney is one of the best known and grows in favor every year; it flowers freely and continuously and is a good bedder. Other beautiful sorts are Bessie Brown, creamy white; Dean Hole, silvery carmine; Florence Pemberton, creamy white, suffused pink; Lady Moyra Beauclerc, bright madder rose; Liberty, brilliant velvety crimson; Mil- dred Grant, ivory white, shaded pink; Belle Siebrecht, bright rosy pink; Kaiserin Victoria, La France and Testout are too well known to need any recommendation; they are still held in highest esteem by rose lovers and whoever plants them will not regret it. Gruss an Teplitz, a very free flower- ing crimson scarlet rose, is useful and effective. It grows vigorously, flowers freely, is quite hardy and may be styled a good bedder. I think that I have nearly exhausted your patience in presenting this long list, but before closing I wish to mention two tea roses of rare beauty SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 81 and excellence \\hieh, even if they require extra care when grown out-of-doors, should always have a place in every garden. I refer to the Cochet roses, white and pink; I think when their merits have been fully realized they will be rated as the best roses we have. A REMARKABLE NEW ROSE. In concluding, I will refer to the new rose of Pernet-Ducher, called Lyon- Rose, the result of a cross between Madam Melanie Soupert, hybrid tea, and an unnamed variety. The flowers are of large size, moderately full, globular in form, of a superb shrimp pink color and fragrant; the buds are large, long and of a coral red. M. Fernet says that although this magnificent rose belongs to the class Pernetiana, it possesses all of the precious qualities of the hybrid teas, from which it has derived its principal characters and, above all, the advantage of perpetual flowering. Among the new roses judged at Paris, in the Bois de Bologne, recently, eighty-seven varieties being submitted, the Lyon-Rose received from the jury the maximum number of points and it was the only one to receive the full number, our friend and member E. G. Hill being one of the jury of award. The race of roses called Pernetiana is a result of a cross between Persian Yel- low and Antoine Ducher. Soliel d'Or belongs to this new race. It is certainly very gratifying to note the wonderful progress made in these crosses. The MM. Pernet-Ducher have been most successful and this latest production is excellent and will be greatly valued. It is a novel and most distinct rose; the flowers which I have seen the past summer have impressed me greatly and I consider it a novelty of the greatest importance. On this occasion I can extend to you all, as lovers of the rose, my heartiest congratulations upon the achievements of the past as well as upon the bright future that is before us. The new varieties of today show great progress in every direction. The work of crossing is being conducted with skill and discernment and we may expect great result in the near future. Let us one and all do our utmost to extend out-of-door rose culture, believing that the rose is for the masses and it should be enjoyed by them and that its culture, in a general way, will be for the good of mankind. There are thousands of homes where the Queen of Flowers will be joyously welcomed, bringing cheer, happiness and contentment into them and dispelling gloom, unhappiness and discontent from them. This being a fact, let us engage earnestly in this missionary movement. Mr. Barry supplemented his paper with an explanation. He said he had necessarily omitted from it many varieties, so that it might not be too long; his main purpose having been simply to 82 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION present a brief sketch of rose culture with the hope of encouraging it. He said that growers had been extolhng the rose and its advantages for years, and yet there were few indications throughout the country that their words had been fully appreciated. He thought the florists could stimulate public interest in the rose by the examples they set at home for their neighbors to imitate. He believed that a man who planted one tree was doing something for his country, and that he who planted hundreds of trees was a public benefactor. He thought that more trees, shrubs and flowers would make the country more beautiful. People who traveled about in automobiles had learned the value of shady trees and groves in the hot summer, and he thought they would have pleasant memories of the generous- minded men who had in this way provided for the public comfort. He appealed to the florists to continue their good work, notwith- standing discouragements, until school yards and public parks bloomed and rose culture was being practised intelligently. The President said he thought the essay would be appreciated by each and every member who had heard it. He invited discussion. Secretary Rudd made an inquiry of Mr. Barry concerning the variety Conrad Ferdinand Meyer mentioned in the essay. He remarked : With UB it does not seem to show any sign of being perpetual but per- haps that is a result of wrong treatment. We got no bloom out of it at all for two seasons, until we quit pruning it and pegged it down. Mr. Barry replied that he had seen the variety in flower this summer; that in his opinion it had to some extent the quality of being perpetual or continuous flowering. He thought it would not bear a great deal of pruning. Mr. A. L. Miller, of Brooklyn, N. Y., said he was very glad to hear Mr. Barry's mention of this variety ; that two years ago it had been recommended to him and he bought twenty-five of them. These had shown a very vigorous growth, and when he left home had a number of very fine flowers. Mr. A. Wintzer, of West Grove, Pa., said : SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 83 I consider "Conrad Ferdinand Meyer" one of the finest roses. Indi- vidually, the form and flowers are almost perfect. There are some doubts in regard to its free blooming habit. It is a magnificent annual bloomer of the La France type, which it reminds me of in its form and frjigrance. A well established bush is likely to produce blooms occasionally in the Fall, as well as the full crop in June. In the same class I want to include the hybrid Rugosa, "Sir Thomas Lipton." A well established bush, three to four years old, on "own roots," will produce from two hundred to five hundred blooms to the plant. We had a bush that produced over a thousand blooms in June. Its flowers are sometimes four inches in diameter, are perfectly double and bloom in sprays or clusters with from five to seven in a cluster. It is very vigorous and hardy, and is especially adapted for a cold climate, having been known to endure a temperature of 25 and 30 degrees below zero, without injury. I speak of the white form. The pink variety, the "New Century," is a beautiful shade of pink with light or silver edging, which makes it very attractive. It is delightfully fragrant. Referring again to the hybrid tea class, from which we expect the most in the future, and which I consider the most important class both for the cut flower grower and the amateur planter outside, I wish to say that the European varieties introduced annually number fifty or more, and I believe that this is more than we can digest. It is a very bulky list for anybody to wade through. A few years ago yellow, hardy, free blooming roses were an unknown factor. Now we have Mademoiselle Helene Gambier, w^hich is a very free flowering hybrid tea, hardy and suitable for outdoor culture. The novelty, "Mrs. Aaron Ward," I think, will also fill a longfelt want for outdoor plant- ing, as well as for cut flower purposes. Lyon is a remarkable rose with a color and blend that exceed my powers of description. It is usually called, I think, shrimp pink. It has various blends of copper, gold, and other shades which are indescribable; it must be seen to be appreciated. We bloomed it last Spring. Mr. Robert Simpson, of Clifton, N. J., expressed his apprecia- tion of Mr. Barry's paper and said he wished the essayist could impart to other growers his own enthusiasm for the rose. He re- marked that, generally speaking, enthusiasm was said to be in- fectious and he hoped it might be so in this instance. He said he knew his hearers had heard him talk on roses before, and he now only wanted to say he would like those growers who handle roses, particularly those who sell plants in pots, to get catalogues of roses 84 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION when they went home, pick out a Hst of suitable varieties and plant on their own grounds, so that they could show the public how roses could be grown. He w-as aware that many people thought that roses could not be grown in this country under ordinary conditions so as to give general satisfaction, but he believed that this was because such people had no idea of how to grow^ them. He said he had met numbers of people who had bought roses, planted them in poor ground and had not handled them properly, the result being that the stock died in a year or tw^o ; they were discouraged and did not W'ant to plant again. He believed if the florists would plant roses intelligently and systematically around their greenhouses as an object lesson, then in June when in flower invite the people to see the product, that instead of hundreds of roses being sold, as it is today, there w^ould be thousands sold within five years. What the rose required was simply proper soil condition, proper planting and pruning, and careful cultivation. On motion of Mr. Charles McCauley, of Geneva, 111., the thanks of the society were voted to Mr. Barry for his paper and were tendered to that gentleman by the President. ALEXANDER \VALLACE. Mr. William J. Stewart, chairman of the committee appointed for the purpose, presented the following : Whereas, Since our- last meeting Alexander Wallace, our esteemed fel- low member, has been called away to his eternal home; and, Whereas, In our association with him for many years we found him to be a loyal member of this Society and, in every relation of life, a rare example of fortitude and devotion to duty, and possessed of all the qualities which ennoble a man in the minds of his fellow men; therefore, Resolved, That we hereby express and place on record our sense of the irreparable loss which this Society and all branches of our profession have sustained in the removal of Alexander Wallace from the scenes of his earthly labors; and our grateful recognition of his useful services in the cause of horticulture. Wm. J. Stewart, H. B. Howard, H. B. Beatty, Committee. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 85 The report was accepted and made a part of the minutes. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS. The convention took up, as the next business, the recommenda- tions of the Executive Board, proposing amendments to the Con- stitution and By-laws of the society. On motion of Mr. A. H. Miller, of Brooklyn, N. Y., the amend- ments were taken up separately and acted upon as follows : First amendment (in the seventh line of Article i) to strike out the words "regularly organized." On motion of Mr. Gude, the amendment was adopted without discussion. Second amendment (in the sixth line of Section 2 of Article 2), to insert after the word "one" and before the word "State," the words "or more," which would permit the appointment of more than one Vice-President from a State. On motion of Mr. Gude, the amendment was adopted without discussion. Third amendment (in the fifth line of Article 3), to insert after the word "treasurer" the word "and." On motion of Mr. Gude, the amendment was adopted without discussion. Fourth amendment (in the fifth, sixth and seventh lines of Article 3), to strike out the words "and the duly accredited delegates of cooperative societies as hereinafter provided," this being a superfluous clause, as there are no such delegates of cooperative societies. On motion of Mr. Gude, the amendment was adopted without discussion. Fifth amendment (a reconstruction of Section 2 of Article IV. on "Fees and Assessments"), to strike out the entire section and insert in place thereof the following : 86 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Any eligible person may become a member of the Society on the pay- ment of $5.00, and such payment shall cover annual dues for the balance of the calendar year. The annual dues shall be $3.00 per year, payable in advance on the first day of January. Any annual member in good standing may become a life member on payment of $25.00, and be exempt from all future assess- ments. Secretary Rudd explained that the amendment made no change in the amount, but that it would remove a little uncertainty as to the application of the money paid for life membership, the old sec- tion being somewhat ambiguous in wording. The change \vould leave no question that the $5 initiation for membership would go into the general fund and the $25 would go into the life fund. He remarked that an increase of the life membership fee to $50 had been agitated and that it deserved careful consideration. Mr. William F. Gude said he favored the larger amount, as he thought the $25 too small a fee. Mr. Benjamin Hammond said that $50 was the life member- ship fee in the American Rose Society, and he thought it would be a more equitable figure for the S. A. F. because each member who came to an annual convention got more, in the way of courtesies and good things generally, than he would get by spending $10 for the same gratification as an individual. Secretary Rudd remarked that he was inclined to favor the higher rate, but that both sides of the question should be looked at. He suggested that a fair estimate of the average length of time for which a member was associated with the society was eight years; that while there were members of many years' standing, this was about the average. With the dues at $3 the total yearly payments of a member would amount to $24. So that, on the basis of $25 for a life membership, the society would make $1 and receive eight years' payments at once. ]\Ir. F. Hahman, of Philadelphia, said that a change of the by-laws could not be made except by previous notice in writing, and that no such notice had been given of a change in the amount SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 87 of the fee; therefore, the only question now was as to whether the amendment proposed by the Executive Committee should be adopted or rejected in the exact form in which it was presented. Secretary Rudd read for general information the section on fees as it appeared in the by-laws. Mr. Gude said he realized the force of Mr. Hahman's objection, and that as no change of the amount could be made without previous written notice, he moved the adoption of the amendment as submitted. The President took the vote, when Mr. Gude's motion was agreed to without objection and the amendment was adopted, as recommended by the Executive Committee. EXCLUSION OF THE PUBLIC FROM THE TRADE EXHIBITION. Mr. J. Otto Thilow, of Philadelphia, obtained permission to /nake a statement and said that the exhibitors in the trade display had been much hampered by the public freely passing through the exhibition rooms and overcrowding them so that neither the exhibitors nor the florists could do any business. He said this had occurred every evening during the convention ; that the exhibitors came to the convention for a specific purpose, and for that reason were charged for space for their displays ; that they did not come for the benefit of the public of Niagara Falls or any other city, but to meet the visiting florists and exhibit their goods to them, while the local public were not interested in the convention, but encroached upon the property on exhibition and interfered with the transaction of business. He presented a petition which, he said, contained the signatures of forty-three exhibitors, asking that the public be excluded. It read as follows: "We, the undersigned exhibitors in the trade display of the S. A. P., respectfully petition the society to hereafter exclude the general public from the annual trade exhibition, except on Thursday afternoon." He also offered the following resolution : "That the society will hereafter exclude the general public from the annual trade exhibition, except on Thursday afternoon." 88 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Mr. John Westcott suggested that some arrangement might be made for the admission of the pubhc by ticket. He said he was opposed to admitting anybody and everybody indiscriminately, and he thought some regulation was necessary. ]Mr. W. F. Gude expressed the opinion that the exhibitors were entitled to have their request gran-ted as a matter of justice to them. He said that this morning he had noticed two baby carriages being pushed through the aisles in one of the rooms which was already much congested with visitors and uncomfortable for the people in it. The President stated the question, when the resolution of Mr. Thilow was adopted without objection. EX-PRESIDENT WILLIAM R. SMITH. i\Ir. William F. Gude, chairman of the committee appointed for the purpose, reported the following: The S. A. F. & O. H. has learned with regret of the illness of ex-President William E. Smith and his consequent inability to attend this session; there- fore, be it Eesolved, That this Society extends to him its sympathy and its best wishes for his early recovery and restoration to health. The resolution was adopted unanimously. Subsequently Mr. Gude reported that he had wired the substance of the resolution to Mr. Smith. EX-PRESIDENT WILLIAM SCOTT. Mr. William F. Gude, being granted leave to make an announce- ment, said : Mr. President, upon my motion a committee was appointed yesterday on the memorial to our deceased member, ex-President William Scott, of Buffalo. I beg to say that the members of the Committee are diligently at work, though they have not held any formal meeting. I know as a fact that the subscription list has been started with $100. I make this statement now so that you may know that the movement which was begun yesterday has already borne fruit. I believe that when the Committee gets through with its appeals for subscriptions it will have accumulated a fund for a hand- SOCIETY OF AMEEICAN FLORISTS 89 some testimonial. It is the idea of the Committee to give every one here a chance to subscribe before the end of our sessions; and we are encouraged to believe that the responses will be generous. COMPLAINTS AGAINST EXPRESS COMPANIES. The Question Box was here taken up, and the convention pro- ceeded to consider sundry communications received by the Secre- tary, which he read for general information. The first was from Mr. P. Welch, of Boston, calling attention to the complaint by one of his shippers of an unfair advance in ship- ping rates by the Adams Express Company. On motion of Mr. Gude the matter was referred to the Legis- lative Committee. The next communication was from Mr. Edward Reid, of Phila- delphia, explaining his controversy with the Adams Express Com- pany (which he had carried to the Interstate Commerce Commis- sion) concerning a refusal to grant him a 25 per cent weight allow- ance for ice in shipments of cut flowers to the South. On motion of Air. Gude the communication was referred to the Legislative Committee. The next communication was from Western firms, particularly the Stiles Company, of Oklahoma City, relative to the difficulties of Northern growers in their shipments of cut flowers to the South and other warm latitudes, complaining that at times they did not arrive in good condition, suggesting the necessity for a change in the present system of packing, etc. Secretary Rudd stated the substance of the complaints and of the considerable correspondence which had accompanied them. He commented upon the varying conditions in which the stock had been delivered, its impairment at the time of arrival and the fact that the boxes occasionally showed a very high temperature at one end with a variation of ten or twelve degrees at the other end. He said the parties desired to have the society investigate the matter 90 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION and see what could be done to secure more uniform results in ship- ments to Southern points. The President suggested that the communication seemed to be on the same order as those which had preceded it. Mr. William F. Gude called attention to the generally deficient service of the express companies, from which many shippers had suffered. He said he was not surprised to hear of ''the kick" that was being made against present conditions in the sending of flowers South. He added that he was personally familiar with similar conditions existing at Washington and other points, and that only ten days ago a case came up in his business which would probably have to be taken to the Interstate Commerce Commission, and he had promised to take it there if necessary. He explained that at his place of business they shipped largely for the retail dealers, but were compelled to notify their customers that they could not assume the risk of deliveries being made safely and properly on account of the deficient service of the express companies, and they had given warning that their customers would have to take the chances. Secretary Rudd said it appeared to be the desire of the people who had been corresponding with him that a committee of the society should investigate the matter rather thoroughly and after- wards take it up with the Interstate Commerce Commission with a view of inquiring into the methods of packing so as to show whether there was looseness on the part of either the shippers or the carriers, to trace the responsibility and in this way remedy grievances. He said he believed that if the fault was found to be entirely on the part of the express companies, the commission would take them in hand and endeavor to secure better conditions. Mr. Edward Reid, of Philadelphia, called attention to his cor- respondence with the Interstate Commerce Commission, Washing- ton, D. C, relating to the refusal of the Adams Express Company to make the 25 per cent discount on weight allowance for ice on cut flowers, as is done on other perishable commodities where it is necessary to use ice for preservation in transit. He suggested that all the data necessary to show this should be presented to the Inter- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 91 state Commerce Commission by a special committee of the society, and as the express companies would probably be represented by counsel at any hearing before that body, the committee of the society should also have counsel. In this way the commission could be informed of the perishable nature of the florist's commodities. As this discount allowance is only effective from the ist of March to the 30th of November, he thought that we should not act with any undue haste in the matter, but lay our plans carefully and obtain all the data necessary, and present all to the commission some time during the fall or winter, so that in case we got a favora- ble decision it would be effective next spring. He also stated that this matter affected the majority of the florists and should have their undivided support. ]\Ir. Benjamin Hammond, chairman of the Legislative Commit- tee, said : Mr. President, in this matter of complaints of bad carriage, delay and overcharges in the transportation of cut flowers, if the Legislative Committee is to be of any service to the florists it should be in possession of the exact facts in each case. The Express Companies, so far as my experience goes with all transportation lines, are running their business for profit, and the men who are the responsible managers are anxious to serve their customers to advantage. If a complaint of any sort comes up it is, in nearly all cases, useless to refer it to either drivers or local managers. In any case in which the shippers of cut flowers are being seriously hampered, the facts should be specifically stated; and with the aid of the prestige of this Society, such facts will be referred to the general manager of the line complained of, or to the managers of separate lines, as may be necessary. The result, I think, will be that careful attention will be given to the complaint. If this is done and nothing comes from it in the way of relief, the proper course will be to appeal from the Express Company managers directly to the Interstate Com- merce Commission. By this means I think that the grievance now spoken of may be in great measure remedied. In our own business we are at no time free from claims against trans- portation companies; and where specific loss has been suffered by any ship- per, either large or small, such loss, if filed with the claim agent of a trans- portation company, usually receives prompt attention and repayment. The transportation companies of this country, as common carriers, are liable for the delivery in good condition of all goods entrusted to them; and if there is fault in their handling and loss ensues, that loss will not hold good against the shipper. 92 PEOCEEDIXGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION As to these communications that have been presented here, little can be done "with them unless they give express statements of fact. If the authors of these communications vrill see that the full facts are placed in the hands of the Legislative Committee we will see what can be done. The discussion here closed and the matter was referred to the Legislative Committee. The Question Box continued. Secretary Rudd presented, as the only remaining question in the box, the following : "What is the proper treatment for Moschos- mus riparium? To what natural order does it belong? Has it any real value?" (No response was made.) SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT FROM THE JUDGES OF EXHIBITS. A supplemental report from the judges of exhibits making addi- tional awards was read by the Secretary for information, as follows: The American Carnation support, by George E. Brown, of Greenfield, Mich., highly commended. George AI. Garland, of Des Plaines, 111., improved drip to Gar- land gutter, also cement bench, honorable mention. (This award was subsequently withdrawn.) Defiance greenery stump, by Christ W'interich, of Defiance, Ohio, highly commended. Air. George E. McClure, of Bufifalo, X. Y., mentioned some of the difficulties met with in getting florists to join the society. He suggested that it would be advisable sooner or later for the society to issue a monthly bulletin. The President : This Society now has a report of its proceedings pub- lished annually, and that publication is pretty well distributed. ELECTION OF OFFICERS. At this point a half-hour recess was taken by the convention to await the closing of the polls in the election of officers and a report SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS ' 93 of the result. xA.t 12:35 p. m. the session was resumed and the elec- tion judges made their report. The following was the vote : For President, Mr. J. A. Valentine received 203 votes; for Vice- President, Mr. E. G. Gillett, 198; for Secretary, Mr. W. N. Rudd, 196, and Mr, J. F. Sullivan, 76; for Treasurer, ]\Ir. H. B. Beatty, 20 r. After the official announcement of the result the new officers were called for. President-Elect Valentine, upon being escorted to the platform by Messrs. W. J. Stuart and E. V. Hallock, said : My friends — all of you — and members of the Society: I would not be sincere if I should intimate anything other than that this honor you have conferred upon me, coming unexpectedly as it does, is a great pleasure to me. It indicates that all of you are friendly to me. I know quite well that my election has been due to the impartiality of many of my friends and others who had claims which well might have been urged to take the place of any the West might have; and to them I tender mj best thanks. I hope that, when another Convention comes around and it will be my duty to pre- side, it will be over the greatest assemblage ever gathered. And I believe it will be; the Society is growing and we should have a magnificent attend- ance a year from now. I cannot make a success of the work without your hearty co-operation; and since you have placed me here the responsibility rests equally with you. Vice-President-Elect Gillett, responding to calls, was escorted forward by Professor Cowell and Mr. Theodore Wirth. He said : Mr. President, Ladies and Friends: As our worthy President-elect has said for himself, I say for myself, that I hope you are all my friends, and I want you to be such when you come to Cincinnati, next year, to celebrate your twenty-fifth anniversary, your silver jubilee. I certainly thank you very much, indeed, for the honor you have conferred upon me, and I shall endeavor to the best of my knowledge to do all I can to further the interests of the S. A. F. and see that, when you come to our city, you do not go away dis- satisfied. There is one thing I forgot to say yesterday. You will remem- ber, a number of you, that a few years ago we had rather muddy water to drink down in Cincinnati. Within the past year our new waterworks have been placed in fine running condition, and we now have water as clear as is supplied in any city of the United States. Therefore you need not fear typhoid fever, as statistics show that since the water w^as turned into our pipes the decrease in fever has been 90 per cent. Our hotel and other accom- modations will be ample to take care of you; and I want to see each and 94 PROCEEDIXGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION every one there with many ne\A' inenibcrs next year. We will give you a hearty welcome at the gates of our city. 1 thauk you all cordially. Secretary-Elect Willis N. Rudd was the next to respond to calls. When brought forward by W. F. Gude and C. B. Weathered, he said : Gentlemen, I don't know that I can say anything except to thank you. I am deeply grateful for the manner in which you have declared your satis- faction with the work that I have been doing for you, and I can only say that, having had but a few months* experience, I hope to be able to do a little better for you next year than I have done this year; and I shall surely try to do so. I thank you most heartily for the compliment and honor you have conferred upon me. Adjourned until afternoon. THIRD DAY-AFTERNOON The session opened at 3 :20 o'clock p. m. ; President Traendly in the chair. THE NATIONAL FLOWER SHOW. This subject having been assigned as the special order of busi- ness for the afternoon, interesting addresses were made by mem- bers of the Executive Board of the show, representing leading spe- cial committees. Mr. E. G. Hill, chairman of the Committee on Foreign Exhibits, being called upon by the chair for an address, responded as follows : Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: I believe the inception of this show originated in the brain of our friend, Mr. J. C. Vaughan. My recol- lection is that he suggested it in his address as President of the Society and SOCIETY OF AMEKICAN FLOEISTS 95 that he asked Kobert Crai^ aiie are naturally interested in any movement which makes for the upbuilding of the craft which we represent. The school garden, however, carries a broader conception than the upbuilding of a single craft. It aims to offer to the developing mind an opportunity to obtain a syminetiical education. By training the hands and eyes the brain acquires the power of interpretation and discrimination, two of the basal factors of knowl- edge. The aim of the school garden is to interest the youth in nature by close association. To teach science, logic and mathematics, by observing the SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 109 development of natural objects. This instruction without books robs the school of one of its transition period ' ' bugbears, ' ' the textbook. Before the age of textbooks instruction was oral; with the advent of written language, in- structors dej)ended not upon personal ability, but upon the preserved knowl- edge of others which they required to be taken in steady, regular doses ac- cording to the size and age of the scholar, regardless of his ability or liking for the subject. In other words, the course of study was, and is, in most schools a carefully prescribed one which must be followed by every student who enters the school regardless of his birth, desires or titness for the work. This condition in our schools is undoubtedly the outgrowth of our modem com- mercialism. The public school has come to be a stupendous organization managed in great measure under the same rules and by the same type of men as are the trusts. In fact the public school system of our country might with propriety be classed The Great American Educational Trust. In our de- sire to perfect a system we have, in great measure, lost sight of the in- dividual and in so doing we are defeating the primary object for which our public schools were instituted — the perpetuation of the Republic through the education of the masses. The teaching methods of our great city schools seem to be based on the idea that all men are born equal and have a common destiny. Each child is so much mortar to be cast into a building block for the state which will fit into the great wall — the foundation of the Republic. There is no training for the work of life in our public schools, properly so-called. A few city schools are advanced enough to teach Sloyd, manual training, cooking, sew- ing, and, in Washington, we have a business high school in addition to the other variations above enumerated. Most of our public school work is con- fined to the 3 R's and goes no farther. In this respect our public schools are a type of educational trust. The school garden idea aims to break the monotony of the curiculum by opening the way for the exercise of individual tastes and ideas within certain limits. The modern conception of the plan is not as broad as the original idea as conceived by Pestalozzi and Froebel. Pestalozzi believed in teaching out- of-doors, because children are both barbaric and nomadic — they want to go somewhere. Like all wise investigators, he proved his ideas. *'He at first took several boys and girls of from 8 to 12 years of age, and had them work with him in his garden. They cared for fowls, looked after the sheep, milked the cows. The master worked with them and as they worked they talked. Going to and from their duties Pestalozzi would call their attention to the wild birds, and the flowers, plants and weeds. They would draw pictures of things, make collections of leaves and flowers and keep a record of their observations and discoveries. Through keeping these records they learned to read and write and acquired the use of simple mathematics. Things they did not understand they would read about in the books found in the teacher 's library. Books were 110 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION secondary and quite incidental to the scheme of study. When work seemed to become irksome they would all stop and play games. At other times they would sit and just talk about what their work happened to suggest. If the weather was unpleasant there was a shop where they made hoes and rakes and other tools they needed. They also built bird-houses and made simple pieces of furniture, so all the pupils, boys and girls, became more or less familiar with carpenters' and blacksmiths' tools. They patched their shoes, mended their clothing and at times prepared their own food. Pestalozzi found that the number of pupils he could look after in this way was not more than ten. But to his own satisfaction, at least, he proved that children taught by his method surpassed those who were given the regular set course of instruction. ' ' This experiment of Pestalozzi 's, out of which, under the genius of Froebel, grew the ' ' kindergarten, ' ' is now nearly one hundred years old. In it, however, we find all that we now include in manual training, nature study and the school garden idea. It is only another proof of the old saying that history repeats itself. The reason assigned for the failure of this early effort was the lack of co-operation in the home. It is to be hoped that the present movement along this line may not suffer a like fate. Let all who are interested in the success of this form of education give it the support which will make for its success. The modern school garden idea will probably gain more rapidly than did the old, because we are more accustomed to liberal ideas in education, and because the modern interpretation is more restricted in its application. In- stead of attempting to replace the existing school the idea is to supplement it ; to add a department which shall help to round out the course of study for those who have an interest in natural things. For some it will be the means of stimulating an interest in subjects which without it would ever have remained a sealed book. It has the im- portant advantage that through it the child is led to make discovery, one of the most important elements in the success of education. The steps followed in the planning, planting, and cultivation of a garden contain the elements of sound logic, each step is taken for a definite purpose and the results are the logical outcome of the action of natural laws. These results are of the utmost im- portance, when obtained under the guidance of a skilled teacher, for they furnish the elements necessary for instruction in every one of the so-called common branches as well as in elementary science or nature study. In- struction received through the laboratory method is much more effective than that received by textbook alone. The reason for this is that experiments require the united use of several faculties which naturally makes a more lasting impression upon the developing mind than the mere exercise of the memory, which is the textbook system. Facts observed through one of the natural senses are more firmly fixed than statements memorized. Then, too, SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 111 the student in possession of the means of reproducing or proving a law, either in the laboratory or in the field has a great advantage over him who has only his memory to depend upon. The one can always be certain of his stand, while the other must have recourse to his authority. One is in the position of a skilled engineer while the other is like the artisan who works by rule of thumb. The one makes its possessor resourceful and capable of handling new problems, the other is good for routine work only. The difference in these types of education is represented by the apprentice system contrasted with the training of a well equipped technical school. One teaches the art alone, the other teaches the art and the theory on which it is based, as well. The school garden carries this type of instruction into the public school in a simple, direct way. The trained teacher is capable of demonstrating the art in a simple way, but what is most important he is able to make a story out of the scientific principles or truths underlying the art. When a seed is planted, the part played by heat, moisture and air in the process of germina- tion can be woven into a true story of the w^onderful awakening of life which takes place. The function of the seed leaves in the early life of the seedling can easily be demonstrated by removing one-half of each seed leaf from one set of seedlings and both seed leaves from another lot, and at the same time comparing these with others which are normal. The growth of the plants so treated Avill indicate in a measure the part the cotyledons play in the development of the plant. Similar tests arranged to show^ the bearing of light, moisture, heat and cold upon the growth of plants can easily be planned as supplements to the work of growing crops in the school garden. A knowledge of the theory of growth raises the work of plant production from a laborious task to an enjoyable art. This type of instruction tends to maTce life worth living by malnng common things our companions. Half the pleasure of life is lost because the common things that we come in contact with every day bring no message to us, they are commonplace and excite no curiosity in us. Tell the child the secrets of the rocks, the trees and the flowers and every one of these become life companions instead of mere objects to be used or destroyed according to man's necessity. The work of education should be to train men to live, and as nine-tenths of the people of the world must earn their bread through their own efforts, that education which best fits them to do this work makes for the upbuilding of the state and nation. One-fourth to one-third of the average life is spent in securing an education. That is a large proportion of one's time and it should be so directed by the teacher and the parent that when the training period is over the young man or woman will be fitted to do some useful thing well. Do our schools as at present conducted accomplish this! The truth is that the graduate from our public school system finds himself illy prepared to do the work of the world. It is the hope of the nature study, school garden and manual training enthusiasts 112 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION that this fault will be corrected by the elevation of the useful arts to a place in the course of study. It is not strange that our schools teach abstractly. When we study the origin of our common school system we find it to consist of ideas borrowed from the college men and not an evolution from the common conditions of life. But the college itself has greatly departed from its original conception. King Alfred, the first ruler of England, founded Oxford, and his idea was to es- tablish a school where the youth of the land should be taught to do those things needful in the family, on the farm and for the betterment of the general community. Oxford w-as, in fact, an agricultural college. It was founded on ideas growing out of the necessities of the people. This is the type of education which fits men to live and to do the work of the world. In this respect history has been slow to repeat itself. The wise course adopted by our nation in founding state agricultural colleges and by many of our states in establishing rural high schools in which instruction in the useful arts forms an important part of the course of study indicates, that our ideas of education are changing and that we are soon to have a school system founded upon the requirements of the people rather than borrowed from the college men. The nature study and school garden idea is the manifestation of the desire for instruction in the practical affairs of life in our public schools. This is as it should be, because statistics show that only about 2 per cent of the population ever attend our colleges or universities. If instruction in the useful arts is to be made available to those who need it — the mass of the people — it must be made a part of our public school system. Upon the suggestion of the Chair, discussion was deferred until after the report of a committee on a kindred topic. HORTICULTURAL EDUCATION IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Mr. F. R. Pierson, of the committee on this subject, submitted, by request of the Chairman, Mr. E. V. Hallock, a report of the committee. It was read as follows : At the request of E. V. Hallock, chairman of this committee, I submit the following report on behalf of the committee: At the last annual meeting of this society, held in Philadelphia, the ques- tion of horticultural education in the common schools was discussed at length, and as a result a committee was appointed to take up this work. At the Congress of Horticulture, held at the Jamestow^n Exposition, in September of the same year, this question was again discussed at length, and a committee was also appointed by that body, consisting of Dr. A. C. True, of Washington, SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 113 I). ('.. diioc-t(,r of cxpoiiiiiont stations, United States l)ei)artm('iit of Ag- rieulture, E. \'. Jlallock, and myself. Tlie suggestion was made at Philadelphia that effort should be made through the legislatures of the ^•arious states to establish a system of school gardens; but it seemed wiser to the committee to endeavor first to interest the Department of Education in this subject before appealing to the legis- lature. The committee appointed by the Congress of Horticulture met at Cornell university, Ithaca, on June 19, 1908, and, after considerable discussion, adopted a tentative course of study to be presented to the Educational Department of the state of New York; and a conference wfis arranged with Dr. A, S. Downing, assistant commissioner of the department, August 3. At that time, the matter Avas discussed at length, and the committee was pleased to find that the department received favorably the suggestions made. Dr. Downing stated that said suggestions were in line with the policy already adopted by the state and, finally, requested the committee to draw up a course of study for the consideration of the department, stating that they would take up the matter and go into the necessary details as soon as a new syllabus was issued, which would be the following year. The idea of the committee w-as to emphasize especially the necessity for elementary education in horticulture in our graded and common schools, in connection with the school garden idea, making it an interesting and instruc- tive course of study, combining botany, nature study, etc., teaching the children to observe and love nature. This horticultural course should be made exceedingly simple and practical, and should combine the school garden idea with the adornment of grounds surrounding the school buildings, interesting the children in their environments. They should be taught what can be done with the most unattractive surroundings and, at the same time, be given a general knowledge of horticulture, especially making the acquaintance of their native grasses, trees, shrubs, vines and flowers. Where the grounds permit, planting should be done under the direction of competent teachers, so that they will become generally well acquainted with our common plants — something which is practically lacking today, even among the best educated people. And another aspect of the case that appeals to the committee is, that by interest- ing the children in their surroundings, a higher standard will be raised in their minds regarding the ownership of property, which would result in incul- cating the right idea in regard to property rights, thus making better citizens of the boys and girls who attend our schools, who are really the warp and woof of our commonwealth. While the work of the committee was especially to secure such a course of study in the common schools, it felt it wise to advocate a complete course; 114 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION and it was suggested that at least two special horticultural and agricultural schools should be established for special courses in these branches — one situated in the eastern part of the state and one in the western part — the one in the east to specialize more particularly in horticultural subjects, and the one in the west in agricultural and pomological subjects. These special secondary high schools would then become feeders for Cornell university. It seems to the committee very necessary that such a comprehensive plan should be adopted, as at the present time Cornell university is obliged to take practically unprepared students, which compels it to do the work that secondary schools do. The special horticultural and agricultural schools could then do much of the preliminary work that Cornell is now obliged to do, leaving it free to teach the higher and more scientific work, which is its legitimate field. The establishment of these schools, however, would be a matter that would come before the legislature, and steps looking toward that end will be taken in due time. The special effort of the committee at present, however, will be to secure the incorporation of a definite course of study in the ele- mentary and graded schools. While much has already been done in New York state in this direction, the present syllabus leaves too much to the discretion of the individual teachers, who perhaps have little knowledge of the subject. What the committee desires is to secure a definite, systematic course of instruction, incorporated in the syllabus, so that it will not be optional, but as much a required study as mathematics, English, and the other common branches. The committee has considered it wiser to concentrate its efforts, and has selected New Y''ork state as the field of operation, and, if this effort is successful, after a definite course has been adopted by the state of New Y''ork, the committee will then appeal to the other states. On motion of Mr. W. A. I^Ianda, of South Orange, N. J., the report was accepted and the committee continued. SCHOOL GARDENS RESUMED. The President invited discussion of Mr. Corbett's address on this subject. Mr. E. V. Hallock responded : Mr, President, I dropped out of this movement temporarily, this year, not because I thought less of it or was less Avilling to do something in it; but when I found that Mr. Pierson took such an active interest in it, and was so SOCIETY OP AMERICAN FLORISTS 115 capable and so willing to put bis shoulder to the wheel, I simply let him go ahead and meamvhile, figuratively speaking, have rested on my oars. Of course I went wdth him to Ithaca and Albany. Without going into detail, I want to state the two things that have impressed me most. The first is that Dr. Downing, the Superintendent of Public Instruction of New York, admitted that they had got to the guessing point in the common and the high schools in the State of New York, and were considering as to what lines to follow and what courses to pursue, as their past practices had begun to show signs of weakness, of breaking down, and the people were demanding something else for the vast amount of money they were expending on the schools without results. The leaders among those public educators now have an idea of estab- lishing trade^ schools, but they are going to commit an error; they cannot achieve good work in that direction. They did not turn down our proposition; they accorded us help and co-operation and they said to our committee, "If you will formulate a course of study to be embodied in the next syllabus, we will put it in. They have something about nature study and a horticultural course in the syllabus but, like many things in this world, it is all theory and is not work. The other point is that, as stated by Prof. Corbett, this evolution has to take place from the common or rural school upward. Heretofore we have come down from the colleges or the instruction has been from the colleges down- ward. That is always dangerous and will not work. I cannot believe that this movement is going to fail; but if it does fail it will be because you have commenced too high up and because you are trying to climb too quickly instead of beginning on the ground and starting to learn your lesson on the lowest round of the ladder. Prof. Corbett's interesting lecture was a pleasant surprise to me in giving us such a new field of thought upon a subject on which there has been left so little to be said. On motion of Mr. W. J. Vesey, of Fort Wayne, Ind., the So- ciety voted its thanks to Professor Corbett for his instructive paper. Mr. J. A. Valentine, of Denver, Col.: Mr. President, I think that this committee is deserving of thanks, too, for the work they have done. It seems to me they have accomplished good results and there is something to show for their labors. It may be unusual in such a case, but I move that special thanks be given to the committee. The motion was agreed to. Mr. Hallock: Mr. President, before this subject is disposed of I w^ould like to have some intimation given to Prof. Corbett that we hereby notify him that we are going to hang fast to him and to insist upon his helping this Society and the good people of the country in furthering this movement. 116 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOtJRTH CONVENTION Prof. Corbett: I deeply appreciate Mr. Halloek's statement because I am much interested in the movement and will do all that I possibly can for it, whether through the Society of American Florists or through other sources. You can count upon me as being a helper in the best way I possibly can be. Mr. Pierson : Mr. President, in view of the help we have received in this matter from officers of the Agricultural Department at Washington, it is only fitting that they should be given proper credit. Prof. Corbett, Dr. A. C. True, Director of Experiment Stations in the Department, and Prof. Crosby, of the Department, have rendered us efficient service along these lines. Dr. True outlined a course of study which was of great assistance to us in presenting our proposition to the Educational Department of the State of New York. We may have seemed to go there with our heads in the clouds but we knew what we were after. As Mr. Hallock has said, they are groping in the dark and they want to do something, but they recognize the fact that they will have to get away from mere theoretical instruction, and that what they want is some- thing practical and more on the lines indicated here by Prof. Corbett's paper. Now, it is apparent that there is a widespread popular interest in this subject; and I think we are going to make very material progress. There is, of course, no reason to confine the work to one State, but I will not apologize because the committee selected New York State as the field of operation, for their thought was to get the movement started and that, when something had been accomplished, the door would be opened to the higher institutions, to Cornell University particularly, and there would be a large educational move- ment along these lines. We believed that New York presented as good ground to begin upon as any other State and that if we hammered through in one place and accomplished something, it would be better than by dividing our efforts among half a dozen States and the movement losing some of its force. But I rose to say that I wanted to recognize the work which the gentlemen of the Agricultural Department have done and are doing. As Mr. Hallock has said, we want to have their continued co-operation because it will count materially for the success of the movement. Mr. H. Saxton Adams, of Adams, Mass. (formerly chairman of the Committee on Children's Gardens in the Massachusetts Hor- ticultural Society), being called upon by the Chair, responded that he knew nothing new to say but he thought the report of the com- mittee was an excellent one and showed they were working on good lines. Remarking that the subject was specially interesting to him because of the many school gardens he had visited in Massachu- setts, he spoke of the importance of practical education by this means and the establishment of special schools of horticulture in order to get more definite results. He thought that while the SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 117 movement was being pushed very enthusiastically, it was necessary for its projectors to know how to guide it, by preserving public interest in it, so that it might not drop out, because if it failed the effect would be harmful. He hoped that every member of the Society would take an interest in the work and do what he could. He said he had noticed a lack of interest on the part of gardeners and florists, who seemed to know very little about the movement, but he thought this would be remedied as they became better in- structed in what was to be accomplished. He was confident that the Society would do all that it possibly could in disseminating needed information. Mr. Charles L. Seybold, of Baltimore, said : The first children's playground in this country was established at Carroll Park, Baltimore, in 1901; and I know what the school garden movement means and what can be accomplished by taking the little ones in hand, no matter how small, and the smaller the better. 1 suggest that the Society should follow up its work very closely. Mr. Seybold went on to commend the report of the committee and particularly the address of Professor Corbett, who he thought was deserving of some special recognition by the Society. He then moved that Professor Corbett be elected an honorary member of the S. A. F. Mr. Wm. J. Stewart explained the requirement for the election of honorary members by the Executive Board, upon a recommenda- tion from the Society. Mr. Seybold modified his motion so as to recommend to the Board the election of Professor Corbett. The motion was agreed to without objection. REPORT FROM SUPERINTENDENT OF TRADE EXPOSITION. Mr. Chas. H. Keitsch, of Buffalo, Superintendent of the Trade Exhibition, presented and read a preliminary report showing the total receipts from the exhibition to be $2,265 ^^^ expenses amount- ing to $1,650. He explained that there might accrue some receipts 118 PKOCEEDINGS OF TWE>;TY-F0UETH CONVENTION from salvage and some small outlays in connection with the settle- ment of affairs but the net profit would probably be about $615. STATE florists' ASSOCIATIONS AND THE RELATION THEY SHOULD BEAR TO THE S. A. F. & O. H. The next number on the program was a paper on this subject by Mr. Albert T. Hey, of Western Springs, 111. Mr. Hey, upon being invited to the platform, and cordially greeted, read his paper as follows : I have been called upon to talk to you on state florists' asso- ciations, their value and the relation they should bear to the So- ciety of American Florists. I believe the best interest of this great society can be better accomplished and more fully developed by systematizing its work and the greatest good to the largest number can be secured through state societies that can individually take up the work and develop what is most suitable for their localities. To give you an idea what these societies can do I will give you a brief review of the work accomplished by the Illinois State Florists' Association. After a year of preliminary work the present organization was formed and elected J. F. Ammann, of Edwardsville, its first presi- dent. From that time the work was carefully planned and the first important step undertaken was to secure a definite and sepa- rate department for floriculture at our Illinois Experiment Station, believing this would bring further benefits in its train. The next question w^as to raise funds to carry out the work. The executive committee set to work, a bill was framed and pre- sented to the Illinois legislature, becoming a law and giving us $15,000 for the purpose stated. The bill provides for an advisory board appointed by the presi- dent of the society, consisting of five members of the association with the dean of the college as chairman, whose duty it is to advise and consult with the university officials what shall be done at the station, and the results so far obtained show that they have attended strictly to their business. The experiment station is located at Urbana in connection with the University of Illinois. The greenhouse plans and specifications which appeared in the trade papers you probably are acquainted with. The houses will be planted with carnations this season and the work will be chiefly in fertilizers under the direction of Prof. H. B. Dofner, son of the veteran carnation grower of LaFayette, SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 119 Ind., who has been placed in charge of the experiment station, with capable assistants. When the officers of the college saw what our work meant and the amount of practical good it was going to do, they became enthusiastic and in addition to our appropriation from the legisla- ture donated to the cause out of the college funds the magnificent sum of $7,000, making a total of $22,000, to help carry on the good work, for which I assure you our association was highly grateful. In addition to this they enlisted the services of the entomological department and sent out one of their men to take up the thrips question, which has been doing an immense amount of damage in the rose-growing districts, and have since detailed him on special work studying insect life and giving instructions in the different ways of fumigation, etc. At an early date a bulletin will be issued which will be of value to all. Our first year's experimental work was done in greenhouses rented from Washburn Bros., in Bloomington, by Professor Beal. This was mostly in the testing of the different commercial insecti- cides and when this bulletin is issued it may be a surprise in the varying analyses in these preparations tested. We expect soon to see a course in floriculture established at the university covering soil analysis, a study in insect life and a prac- tical training in greenhouse construction and heating, making a school which we have long dreamed of for our boys. Now there are other important things that a state society can do. Nearly every state has a state fair and, did you ever realize or stop to think that you can reach the masses quicker at a state fair than at a flower show? We took up this idea and thought it out in this wise : The people who go to a flower show are, as a rule, flow^er-lovers and generally know just about what they are going to see ; the every-day, ordinary people do not go to these flower shows, but will go to their state fair. Now nearly every state fair has a floricultural department and there are hundreds of people who never visit a greenhouse or even see one and never have flowers in their home or garden. They see these flower and plant displays and it creates a desire to have some in their home, which sentiment might have lain dormant forever if they had not visited the state fair. In a great many of the state fairs this department is looked upon as one of the side lights, and whose fault is it but our own? Our state society took this up, went before the State Board of Agricul- ture with our statistics, showed them the importance of our trade, impressed upon them the idea of cultivating the beautiful and ele- vating the taste of the people. This was hard to get through the 120 PKOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION heads of our farmer friends. Farm crops and cattle they under- stood, but did not reahze that flowers cost money to grow and when the exhibition was Over it was a dead loss to the exhibitor. If some ordinary hog went in and came out with a blue ribbon he was worth so much more ; but the flowers ! Why, of course, they did not amount to anything. We finally gained our point and secured $i,ooo at the Illinois state fair in premiums, also revised the list and gained an important recognition in the appointment of a practical florist as assistant superintendent of the floricultural department. Through the efforts of this society the premium list stands on equal basis with any of our great shows. This is one of the things .that a state society can do. This is not work for the Society of American Florists to do and this is where I make one of my strong points. The Society of American Florists has done its share of pioneer work, but there are some things it can still do. For instance — our state vice presidents can, in addition to what they are doing, get in closer touch with their experiment stations, take more interest in their state and county fairs, visit the boards of agriculture and get in touch with appropriation committees of the different state legislatures. The trade has not taken full advantage of these things. Our agricultural friends have and the results are shown by the many experiment stations devoted to their use. We have no one to blame but ourselves. The amount of capital invested in our busi- ness demands that we should have recognition and if we organize and go after it like the Illinois State Florists' Association did we can get it. Every city should have a florists' club and every state a state society, and these societies become as feeders, from which the national society can draw its membership ; with this near relation- ship a far greater work can be accomplished. It has been said that we have too many societies, the carnation, rose, peony and chrysanthemum societies, tending to divert the interest from the parent society. I say no. The very strength of the tree lies in its fibrous .roots ; without these the society could not accomplish its work and stand at the top. Let it continue to be the advisor and counsellor of these societies. You know already, as I know, what good these societies have done and we could not have done the work which has been accomi)lishe(l in these special lines without their aid. Now a state society can get nearer to its home members and awaken their interest in the work locally. You take up the school gardens and the city beautiful ideas, which the florist can take up SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 121 and push with a good credit to themselves and benefit to their neighbors. The city beautiful idea was taken up in Springfield, 111., and with the assistance of the state society was made a great success. If time permitted I would like to tell you a1x)ut it for the city beautiful idea, aside from its moral and uplifting tendencies, is one of the greatest advertisements the craft could have. Get the masses interested, start with the children and the rest will come. There is also another feature, an important one, and that is statistics of our business. This was thoroughly discussed by our state asociation ; through this we have been able to get in con- nection with the census bureau and with the aid of the Society of x\merican Florists we think we can, and will have a better census of our business than ever. When you go before a legislature and ask for an appropriation, who and what you are is the question, and we found that this was a very important feature, to know just how we stood, and what better way of getting it than that each state take up this work? Now, you may ask, what relation do we bear to our Society of American Florists ? I may answer that in this way : The same relationship as the state bears to the national government, each working out its own problems, all for the common good and I believe it should be the policy of this- society to foster and aid any state that will take up this work. We can make this society stronger in membership and far reaching in the good work it can do, con- tinuing its committees in national affairs, such as express rates, statistics, postal laws and like broad questions. Do not forget that with this close relationship of state societies you secure and inspire local interested workers in the cause who, through such interest, become eventually enthusiastic members of the Society of American Florists, the proud parent of them all. ''There are loyal hearts. There are spirits brave. There are souls that are pure and true ; Then give to the world the best you have. And the best will come back to you." On motion of Mr. F. R. Pierson, a hearty vote of thanks was extended to Mr. Hey for his very able paper. The President invited discussion on the subject. Prof. L. C. Corbett: Mr. President, I have been greatly interested in the paper just read, and I want to supplement a statement there made by just one thought. I hope Ihat the idea of '"the city beautiful" will be extended to "the home beautiful," and particularly to the country home. We need more 122 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOUETH CONVENTION effort along that line than upon any other, to teach the inhabitants of rural sections the yalue, the comfort and the pleasure that comes from beautifying their home surroundings. I think that that can be done through our school gardens very largely, by teaching the children to make an example of the school garden, and impressing them, through that example, with the value of decoration about the home. I hope the State Agricultural Societies will make that a feature of their work. I can see a great opening just along that line. Mr. J. A. Valentine: The paper contains a suggestion of more than ordinary value in connection with the beautifying of country homes, to which Prof. Corbett has just referred. Mr. Hey suggests that the country fairs are a fertile field for this work; and that is a very valuable suggestion to us. If we would stimulate the love of the beautiful in rural communities, the country fair should appeal to U3 as the place for making an attractive display of som.ething on the line of what was shown in Prof. MacFarland's lecture the other night. The efforts that are being made in the cities are numerous and the florists there have abundant opportunity to show the people what they can do; but it is the people in the country whom. we want to reach. I believe the suggestion of using the local fair, the county fair or the state fair as a means of education is a valuable one. WHAT ILLINOIS IS DOING FOR THE FLORIST. This was the theme of an informal address by Mr. H. B. Dorner, of Urbana, 111., who was cordially greeted. His address was as follows : Gentlemen, my colleague, Mr. Hey, has given you an idea of what the florists of Illinois are doing to advance floriculture. I have been asked to tell you, this morning, what we are trying to do at the experiment station. In regard to the work of the Illinois florists, I would state that we are now build- ing at the station at Urbana two new greenhouses and an aceompanying service building of about 103 by 26 feet. One-half of this is taken up by the heating plant; the other half will be devoted to work rooms, office and laboratory purposes. Underneath the latter part are commodious basements, two rooms of which will be used for cold storage. There will be no heating pipes in these except those for use during very cold weather. This will give us a good opportunity for studying the keeping qualities of cut flowers; Extending to the south of this building will be a corridor built of glass, and on either side a house 105 feet long and 28 feet wide. The reason for making the houses of this size was so that we could get into them four four- foot benches exactly 100 feet long. The walks are commodious and wider than those of a commercial establishment, so that we can make use of different kinds of apparatus. The work to be carried on this winter will be fertilizer experiments on carnations. After quite a little consideration we decided that this was the best work we could carry on at the present time. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 123 In our fertilizing work we expect to use four varieties of carnations. We have in our two houses eight benches. These will be divided into pairs or sets of two, each devoted to a separate variety. Each set of two benches will comprise a complete experiment, so that we will have this experiment repeated four times. We are to use standard fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. We will also make use of lime, Avood ashes, sodium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, ground rock phosphate and other fertilizers of that type. In addition, we will use sheep manure and stable manure. All these will be used singly and in various combinations, thus giving a complete test of the commercial fertilizers as I have indicated. Complete records will be kept of the carnations from the time they go into the houses until the experiments are completed. We shall make note of their keeping qualities, color, calyx, length and strength of stem; also of insects we find in the houses, their treatment, the strength of insecticides and of fungicides, together wdth a record of the temperature, weather conditions and anything that is likely to affect this set of experiments. In addition to that, the College of Agriculture expects to do one other thing. We expect to build up there a school of floriculture which will be one to which none of you need be ashamed to send your sons. We have good facilities for it and are at the present time offering a line of instruction in floriculture. Now, just a few words in regard to this course. The students in floricul- ture will be required to take certain subjects, among which will be soil physics, the study of fertilizers and their application, the study of the rotation of crops, or, in other words, a study of the things that really affect the soil. They will have work in botany and bacteriology, also in economic entomology, covering the study of the insects that are troublesome to our plants. There will be courses in horticulture; and they will be required to take some w^ork in fruit growing, in landscape gardening and a course in the study of the prin- ciples of evolution of plants and animals. Besides these there will be courses in physical training, languages, mathematics, economics and subjects of a similar kind. These are the things that are to make them broad men. In addition, we are offering certain other courses in floriculture proper, one of which is plant propagation. There will be a study of the methods of plant propagation, both natural and artificial; that is, the ones we have devised and the ones that nature has devised. We expect to give a course in plant house or greenhouse construction. We are not going to recommend, perhaps, the best kind of a greenhouse to build, but we are going to try to give the students the characteristics of a good greenhouse and leave them to determine the type of construction they may want to use. We are trying to give them the principles that underlie the Avork. We will get them to draw plans of a range of houses sucli as that they would want to put up. We expect to provide blue prints and working plans and then let them pick out the good as well as the weak points. 124 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION In addition to this there will be a course in commercial floriculture, along the lines of the growing of different plants, such as carnations, roses, chrysanthemums, begonias, etc., with instruction as to care of the houses, the temperature, how they shall be regulated, watered (and, as you know, very few people know how to do that) and all such points. Then there will be a short course on exotics or the tropical plants that are used in landscape gardening, for outdoor as well as indoor decoration. There will be work in annuals and perennials, to give them a chance to become acquainted with those that are good for bedding purposes as well as for cut flowers. Another course which we offer, and planned chiefly for young ladies in domestic economy, will be one in "amateur floriculture," as we call it. This will take in window and outdoor gardening, or, in other words, the care of plants in the house and in the garden. Besides these, the students can get work in landscape gardening — a val- uable thing in connection with florists' work. So you will see that we are going to offer there a course that will not develop solely along the line of a rose grower or a carnation or other specialty grower, but will make the student broad enough to take up any one of these things. In other words, we are going to have for you a man whom you may hire, whom you might call a "Johnny-on-the-Spot." If anything happens to your carnations, he will be one who will be trained for the emergency and who will be able to take up your troubles, who will have been educated at a government station and who will look after your interests right on the place where the trouble is occurring. This course is just in the beginning. We expect to build up a good course in floriculture and, as demands call for it, we will have additional instructors in these various lines of work. Now, of course this is a State institution, but we are working not only for the people of the State but for the whole florists' trade. Anything that you can do to help that school of floriculture or that experiment station will be appreciated very much. We want to enlist not only the interest of our State Society that is working along with us but the interest of all American florists. In behalf of the College of Agriculture of the University of Illinois, I beg to extend to you an invitation to visit the place at any time when you are in the neighborhood. We will always be glad to see you, and if you will let us know that you are coming we w^ll look after you and try to treat you in the best way possible. Mr. W. J. Vesey inquired as to what would be required of a student in connection with the course of study tliat was provided. Air. Dorner rcpHed that liis work since April, when he went there had been so onerous that he had had no time to inquire into details, but he would say that a student who had completed his grade work and high school work could be admitted on his diploma. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 125 If he did not have that, he would be required to pass an exam- ination in the higher of the common branches and some of the lower of the college courses. Application by letter to the president of the University would bring all the literature there was on the subject and any other necessary information. A Member: Mr. President, it seems to me that the essays to which we have listened this morning overlap in various instances and that one thing is omitted from all; that while the endeavor is to reach the point through educat- ing the children, the teacher, who is the guide, has been left out. Now, in our country schools, away back in the country from which I come, our school teachers, in nine cases out of ten, are teaching for the money only and care nothing for the condition of the school yard. If the county florists' associa- tions could be brought in some way to work with these other associations and have their influence brought to bear, the teacher might be forced to get interested and thereby interest the children. The President: The Chair thinks that Mr. Piereon's statement covered that point. Mr. Benj. Hammond remarked that the school trustees were responsible for a condition like that mentioned by Mr. Stiles ; that if they neglected their duty it was useless to expect good service from the teachers. He thought there was not a school in all the States of the Union whose trustees were not concerned in getting such a teacher as was wanted. Mr. Hey said he had endeavored to give expression, in his. paper, to Mr. Hammond's view. He suggested that if the school yards, in the great cities, were in bad condition the fault was that of the florists of the city. He continued : In Springfield we have started an interest and have done, through school teachers and trustees, a great deal of work. The movement in Springfield has been made on the "city beautiful" idea, and its good results are to be seen around the school buildings and in the gardens of the school children. I have found that the teachers have been very glad and willing to accept any information that we could give them. The first step is to get the children interested, for then the school teachers will come around, and all of them will be found to be believers in the idea of the city beautiful and the country beautiful. Mr. Dorner here added: We have a plot of ground in front o'f our service building and green- houses which we expect to lay out; and if you will come down there after we 126 PROCEEDINGS OF TWEXTY-FOURTH CONVENTION get things going, we will try to show you how you should keep your front yards. Professor Corbett remarked that, as other gentlemen had spoken of what they could show, he wanted to tell what the U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture at Washington is doing. He continued : I happen to be fortunate or unfortunate enough to be in charge of the Arlington Experimental Farm, located on the Virginia side of the Potomac, opposite Washington. It consists of about 400 acres and is primarily under the Bureau of Plant Industry. In other words, it is a plant institution and has only enough stock to do the work. On this farm we have set aside about 40 acres, which is to be, in a measure, a botanic garden, in which all our economic plants of value will be grown. These are not to be arranged accord- ing to botanic garden ideas, but according to landscape gardening notions; to make an object lesson in the decoration of grounds, particularly home grounds, as well as to build up a very large collection of economic plants. In addition to this area we have now a greenhouse plant which consists of eight houses. There will be ten in all when it is completed. Each house is 100 feet long and divided into two rooms, w^hich are exact duplicates of each other. They are piped so that we can maintain a maximum or a minimum temperature by simply putting on or taking off lines of pipes. They are all valved in such a way that we can, without changing the arrangement of the pipes or the construction of the house, maintain either a high or a low temperature. These houses and rooms are also duplicates of each other, so far as cubic space and bench space is concerned. We use a very simple bench construction, for the reason that experimental work is often temporary in its nature. For this reason we have used wood benches entirely so that we could change them from time to time according to the necessities of the work. These houses, are built expressly to aid people engaged in floriculture and market garden work. We are attempting to study some of the problems of the florists, including the fertilizer question as applied to carnations and roses; to study different methods of propagation; to study the all-vexing question of the economic heating of houses; and in fact to study all the problems involved in what I call "greenhouse physics"; that is, the laws of growth as affected by light, heat and moisture. While we have said practically nothing to you before about this plant, I hope that every member of the Society will feel that he has a personal interest in it. It is Uncle Sam's — we are all a part of Uncle Sam's great family — and it is our hope that we will be able to make this plant not only attractive but exceedingly useful to you. Personally I should like to know the problems of the florist. If we are not on the right track we want to get on the right track, and we can only get on that track by personal conference and contact and by learning your problems. A part of my mission in life is to, if possible, make the way a little easier for the other fellow; I have been in that business for nearly twenty years now, I hope I may continue in it for SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 127 twenty yeqrs more; and if you will only send your problems our way, we will not promise to answer all your questions or to give you immediate relief from every ailment that you have, but we will do the very best we can for you. I have felt for many years that the florists were not represented as they should be at the experiment stations; and I have accounted for it in this way, that the florists' interest is so scattered that only one or two States or two or three States can really afford to maintain any such equipment as is planned and being put in operation in Illinois. Before the Illinois movement was started we began upon our idea of building this plant for the aid of the florists and market gardeners of the country; and while we rejoice in the work that Illinois has undertaken, Ave hope to get in close touch with them and co-operate with them, so that the work of one can in a measure check up the work of the other. As I have said, I have felt that the work of the florists was so scattered that each individual State could not afford to have an extensive plant and that, if we had one at the United States Department of Agriculture, we might have a very much larger and better plant than could be afforded in any other way. Then, as you know^, the Department has an army of skilled men in connection with these agricultural investigations, who are working upon almost every conceivable question in connection with our agri- cultural resources and agricultural development. The experience, council and services of this great corps of investigators can be made available to you through such an enterprise as has been established in connection with the Arlington Farm. It is the purpose of the government to be helpful and we desire your co-operation. On motion of Air. Edwin Lonsdale, the thanks of the Society were voted to Mr. Dorner for his address. PLANTING FOR WINTER. EFFECT IN THE NORTHERN STATES. The President explained that a paper on this subject was to have been read at this time by Mr. Geo. E. McClure, of Buffalo, N. Y., but, as that gentleman was not present, it would be deferred. On motion of Mr. William J. Stewart it was ordered, without objection, that the paper be printed in the official report of the proceedings. The paper is as follows : During the really marvelous decade through which we have passed, in which the masses have shown a response to the education which has been imparted to them by the many landscape gardeners, artists and nature lovers, who have labored with such untiring devotion to the cause of outdoor art, the people of the northern states have learned to appreciate the beauties of 128 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION the winter season, and though, to many, the term winter is equivalent to death, in that all activity of growth has ceased, they do not realize that rest is as necessary as growth and that even in the tropics there is a season of rest, though it may not be expressed in the same manner as in our snowbound latitudes; yet to others winter means only a change from the pervading green of summer, through the high coloration of fall, to the gray effect of the woods and the brilliant berry and evergreen effects with a background of glistening snow. The subtle effects are always lost in summer by the mass of foliage and it is only the hand of winter that can reveal them to us. When we realize that in the northern parts of the northern states there is a winter season of from four to five months' duration, it behooves us to study our material thoroughly in order to make our home surroundings, whether large estates or small city lots, as attractive and delightful as the art of the land- scape artist can suggest. The aim of this paper, which might more properly be called * * Planting for winter effect in the northern part of the northern states," is to stimulate the growing desire of esthetic people in this belt of our country, to produce landscape pictures which will gladden and cheer throughout the winter sea- Bon. Although many excellent articles have appeared in recent years in our best journals on the subject of planting for winter effect, yet almost all of this valuable information Las been written for winter effects which could be produced in the latitude of New York City or along the Atlantic coast as far north as Boston, and in many eases this information, as applied to the region of the Great Lakes, has often resulted in partial, if not complete, failure. This has served to discourage those who sought to reproduce the winter pictures painted by writers from a more temperate region. Although a great many of the trees and shrubs which are useful for planting for winter effect come from foreign lands and are useful in this country only when extremes in temperature are not very severe, yet a long list of iron- clad materials is at hand to select from for the extremely cold regions of our aorthern states. When we contemplate planting for winter effect, the mind turns first to the evergreens, then to berry plants, and to the bright colored branches of the dogwoods, osiers, etc., but seldom do we think of the beautiful effect of the winter woods. The persistent foliage of some of the beeches and oaks, which, although brown and dry, yet is cheerful in its effect. Little is thought of the beautiful shades of brown, gray and white, in the trunk and branch, or of the variety of the framework of the various trees, which gives an element of strength to the winter landscape, or to the variety in trees and shrubs, in the delicate tracery of their smaller twigs, as e^ddenced by some of the birches, alders, etc., in the trees, and in the shrubs by such as Stephanandra flexuosa, the coral berry (Symphoricarpus vulgaris) and some of the Spireas. Among the deciduous trees which are attractive during winter might be men- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 129 tionecl the oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) which, with its pendant balls of fruit borne high against the sky, seems to take away the barrenness of the deciduous trees, and is suggestive of the Christmas decorations, so admired by the young folks, on Christmas trees. While this tree is beautiful in winter it has also much to commend it as a fast growing tree for summer effect. Its beautiful bark, with irregular patches of green and gray, is also inter- esting in the winter season. In much the same manner the Liquidambar (Liquidambar styraciflua) is interesting with its fruit in pendant spiked balls. Its symmetrical form of growth and extremely corky branches are noticeable to those who are only casual observers. The shell bark hickory (Hicoria ovata), while suggestive of strength, is also especially interesting on account of its peculiar bark formation, which is unlike any other common species of tree. If planted near the shell bark hickory and other trees with rough bark, the American Beech (Fagus ferruginea), shows to advantage, as its gray bark is the smoothest of any of our hardy American trees, and never fails to attract attention from those who seek the beauties of winter as found in our woods. It is also especially attractive in winter, as the young trees often hold their dry leaves, as do some of the oaks, well into the winter. Among other trees which might be mentioned as being attractive in winter, from the standpoint of their bark coloration, are the yellow branched linden (Tilia platyphyllus var. aurea), the Babylonian willow (Salix Babylonica), and the white willow (Salix alba), with its brownish yellow branches; the white poplar (Populus alba) and its fastigiate variety Bolleana with their gray-green bark; Acer Pennsylvanicum, with its white striped bark and greenish twigs, the red birch (Betula nigra), with its brown bark, the canoe birch (Betula papy- rifera) ; the white birch (Betula populif olia) , and the European white birch (Betula alba) are the most beautiful white barked trees. Their graceful outlines are one of the delights of winter landscape, but unfortunately they are afiiicted with the birch borer, which in some localities is so de- structive that the culture of trees has been abandoned. When it is possible for them to thrive, they are charming if planted along with some of the pines, such as the white pine (Pinus strobus) and the pitch pine (Pinus rigida). The birches also thrive in sandy soil, which is favorable to the pines themselves. The effect of the white bark against the perpetual green background of the pines is, to many, more delightful in winter than when the birches are cov- ered with their summer foliage. This beautiful effect is particularly no- ticeable in the region of Albany, N. Y., where it is one of the features of the winter landscape. Excellent winter effects are also obtained by what the forester terms the "Mixed forest," which is a mixture of deciduous and coniferous trees. This forest growth is often to be found along the Great Lakes' belt and the effect is often very beautiful. It would be well if we would learn from nature and reproduce these effects in our parks and large estates. While it is out of the realm of this paper to mention fall coloration effects this ''Mixed 130 PKOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION forest" effect is unparalleled when we behold the red and gold tints of the maples mixed with the dark green pines, and the impression produced is one that lingers in the memory. While we can secure much pleasure from tjie observation of trees in their bark, twig and fruit formation, yet the most impressive winter effects are largely produced by using the hardy coniferous evergreen with a lavish hand. In this connection it may be said that an infinite variety of evergreens is not necessary to produce fine effects, and while the list of the iron-clad ever- greens, suitable for northern climate, is woefully short, yet we have no reason to be discouraged. On larger places the liberal planting of pines and hem- locks for screening unsightly buildings, and checking the force of the winter winds, will have much to do with the successful treatment of the place, for one can better appreciate the subtle beauties of a winter landscape if protected from the force of the icy wind by an effective screen of tall and stately evergreen trees. The most useful large growing pines for northern planting are the white pine (P. strobus), the Austrian pine (P. Austriaca), and the Scotch pine (P. sylvestris). The soft effect of the delicate needles of the white pine when young, and its stately appearance when old, places it pre- eminently in the lead, while the larger needles of the Austrian and Scotch pines contrast well and give variety. The only objection to the use of the Ameri- can hemlock is that it cannot be employed near large cities on account of the smoke and sulphurous gases, which are always present in manufacturing dis- tricts. In both large and small places the Douglas spruce (Pseudotsuga Doug- lasii), with its dark green foliage, and the Colorado green spruce (Picea pungens), and its varieties glauca and Kosteriana give variety to the winter landscape. For immediate effect and for filling in between the more perma- nent pines and spruces the Norway spruce (Picea excelsa) is useful, but as it very often outlives its usefulness at an early age it is only useful for the purpose of temporary effects. The mountain pine (P. Mughus) is the most useful of the low groAving evergreens for our northern climate and is not out of place on the smallest lawn. When massed at the foot of larger evergreens it is extremely effective, ^ome of the junipers can safely be employed in the north, and by far the most effective of all is (Juniperus virginiana glauca) the glaucous form of the common red cedar. It is much more hardy than the type and it will thrive in the smoky atmosphere of the city as will no other cedar. Its whitish effect, like that of the Colorado blue spruce is particularly striking. Juniperus Chinensis stricta is also an evergreen of the first rank for the north. For low planting, Juniperus sabina, the savin juniper, is excellent, while Juniperus communis var. nana, which is still lower in growth, gives us an op- portunity to produce an evergreen carpet when it is desired. As a useful hardy evergreen we cannot overlook the Japanese Yew (Taxus cuspidata). It is a welcome addition to the list of really hardy evergreens. The American arbor SOCIETY OF AMEKICAN FLORISTS 131 vitae (Thuya occidentalis) in its numerous varieties is also useful as a northern evergreen, but prefers the shelter given by windbreaks. Its golden variety (Var. aurea) is extremely useful as it is really golden and adds a touch of bright color which harmonizes well with the prevailing deep green of the majority of evergreens* In sheltered positions it is safe to use the pea fruited retinispora (R. pisifera) and in some cases the silver retinispora (R. squar- rosa var. Veitchii), but, although this is fairly hardy, it is often injured by the winter sun. While the evergreens enumerated do not include all of the coniferae that are hardy along the region of the Great Lakes, yet it does in- clude the very hardiest species and these are sufficient to produce a winter picture, which, as far as coniferae are concerned, will be effective and leave little to be desired. What is true of the paucity of the really hardy coniferous evergreens in the Great Lakes or northern regions, is still more true of the broad leaved evergreens. One of the very few which is hardy under all conditions is the Yucca (Y. Filamentosa) ; when planted in large masses it is a cheering sight in winter, to say nothing of its profusion of bloom in summer. It is doubly welcome but its value as a winter plant is its chief asset. Even a solitary specimen on the lawn is an evidence of life, in the snow. The Rhododendrons which are first thought of among the broad-leaved evergreens can be used safely and effectively in the northern parts of the northern states, but only under the most ideal conditions, and with the best of care, and it is only too often that they eke out a bare existence. Con- ditions under which they would flourish in the regions of New York and Phila- delphia would be fatal in the lake regions, and success is only reached by eternal vigilance. When such a sight is seen as that in Highland Park, Rochester, N. Y., we are forced to believe that rhododendrons will thrive and be considered a factor in the winter gardens of the north. If the planting beds are thoroughly prepared and epsom salts judiciously used they will be a success. Very effective grouping can be obtained by using the great laurel (R. maximum), R. Catawbiense and the numerous hardy hybrids. What is true of the rhododendrons is also true of the mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia) and Andromeda floribunda. The boxwood (Buxus semper- virens) cannot be called a northern plant, but the more uncommon Buxus arborescens will stand a temperature below zero without covering if well es- tablished. Excellent examples of it are seen in Geneva, N. Y., which are over four feet in height. Its foliage is coarser, but it is an excellent sub- stitute for the European species. Its usefulness as a winter plant cannot be overestimated, especially in formal work. I have the temerity to mention this species of box only after having seen it withstand severe winters. The best evergreen ground cover is undoubtedly the periwinkle (Vinca minor). Its ability to thrive under adverse conditions of light renders it useful 132 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION for other things besides winter effect. It is an excellent ground cover between evergreens and rhododendrons, its cheerful green is not only beautiful to the eye but the plant acts as a protection from deep freezing of the soil. When it is planted in mass in the open, or on the edge of shrub border, in com- pany with Rosa blanda, it makes a unique combination, as the effect of the brilliant, large fruits of the rose borne near the ground, and just over the groundwork of green vinca, is suggestive of the Christmas season. Another broad-leafed evergreen which is useful in the northern latitudes is Euonymus radicans, which as a low climber takes the place of the English ivy. As a creeper it is seen at its best. The sun of February and March often burns some of the upper leaves, but whenever it produces its red berries it is a thing to be desired. The Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera Halliana), w^hile not considered an evergreen, yet retains its green leaves until long after Christmas in sheltered situations, when used as a trailer, but not when used as a climber, as the leaves are more exposed to frost and wind and are not as persistent. As this plant is used for covering banks in open ravines, and around rocks and boulders, it has a cheery effect on an early winter day. One of the chief delights of a winter garden is the effect of the berried shrubs and trees, and, of course, we always think of berried plants in rela- tion to Christmas, and very naturally to the holly that is so extensively used at that time. The northerner is denied the use of this most regal plant, but whenever evergreen leaves and red berries can be combined it is regarded as the highest perfection of winter effect. A few years ago I conceived the idea of using the winter berry, or leafless holly (Hex verticillata), which is more profuse with its berries than the southern holly, along with the English privet (Ligustrum vulgare), mixing the two kinds and planting in masses. The privet retains part of its green leaves until January and has splendid trusses of brilliant black berries, and the effect of these black berries and green leaves, with the masses of red berries of the leafless holly, give the effect that is obtained in English gardens by the famous holly plant. The Ilex is vigorous, as also is the privet, and the whole in time becomes a tangled mass and the effect glorious. Sometimes the leafless holly is planted along with the mountain laurel, but as the laurel is low and the Ilex high, the green leaves and berries are not together and the effect not so good. Even though it is not always possible to secure a background of green for berried plants in the winter, it is not always desirable, as. the snow itself is a sufficient background for many berried plants. Among the most common and best of our berried plants are the common barberry (B. vulgaris), with its racemes of brilliant berries, which remain well into the winter, and the Japanese barberry (B. Thurabergii), with its single yet thickly borne berries of as brilliant a hue. The high bush cranberry (Viburnum opu- SOCIETY OF AMEEICAN FLORISTS 133 lus), whose bright and large trusses of berries last until the new leaves are formed in the spring and are very striking. Many of the endless number of forms of Crataegus are useful for winter effect, and although their fruits are not persistent during the entire winter season, yet many are glorious in the early winter, Euonymus Bungeanus holds its fruits very long; in fact, it is better than the "Wahoo, " or strawberry tree (E. Americana). The sea buckthorn (Hippophae Ehamnoides) is also attractive in winter because of its yellow-black dotted fruit, which is very persistent. Many of the roses are exteremely beautiful, as their fruits are often large. One of the best is the Japanese rose (Rosa rugosa), whose large haws or berries are highly colored and remain long on the plant to brighten up the landscape. Rosa multi- flora, whose fruits, although smaller, are borne in large clusters and last all winter. Rosa lutescens has the largest fruit, some of which are one inch long and are borne in clusters of four. Rosa blanda is also useful. The privets, both the common (L. vulgare) and the Japanese (L. ibota), have large clustei's of shining black berries, and are very striking, with a back- ground of the snow. The snow berry (S. raeemosus), with its profuse masses of white berries, and the coral berry (S. vulgaris) are both splendid species for effective winter planting. When planted in masses in richly prepared borders, they produce riotous masses of fruit. The European bucktborn (Rhamnus cathartieus), so often used for a windbreak, has attractive black fruits, as has also Rhodotypus Kerrioides. The stag horn sumach (Rhus typhina) produces a marked effect in a winter landscape with its antler-like dense clusters of berries. The smooth sumach (R. glabra) is also useful as a winter fruited plant. The European mountain ash (Sorbus Aucuparia), with its bright red berries in large clusters, is especially useful for winter effect, and the yellow- berried form is also useful for variety. With an evergreen background they are especially attractive. Among the vines for winter effect nothing can sur- pass the bitter-sweet (Celastrus scandens), with its winter array of orange berries, when the vine *is allowed to grow as a shrub, forming an uneven mass of twining stems; covered with attractive fruits it is particularly fine. C. articulatus is also a splendid berried vine, similar to the bitter-sweet. Vitis heterophylla, whose grape-like clusters of whitish-blue berries offer a variety in berry color are also interesting from the standpoint of winter effect. The variety of berried plants is not seriously limited by the effect of the higher latitudes, and when planting for winter effect, if planned, we may enjoy a profusion of color all winter, which will please the eye and make our winter walk through park or home grounds a joy which belongs peculiarly to the winter season. One of the very best opportunities for brightening up the winter landscape is offered to us with a lavish hand in the bright colored branches and twigs 134 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION In shrubs and trees. Who of us has not been charmed, after the leaves have fallen, with a large mass of the red osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) ; as seen from the window of a train, the effect is lasting. A number of the Cornus are useful in planting for winter effect. Among the best are, C. alba Siberiea and C. stolonifera, for red stems, and C. stolonifera var. flaviramea, for the yellow effect of its branches. When planted in large masses beside the brilliant green branches of Kerria Japonica, the effect is really wonderful. There are numerous species of Cornus, among which might be mentioned C. Amomum and C. circinata, with bright colored bark which gives us shades of color, which are useful for winter effect, and as their berries are quite persistent and usually of a bluish-white shade, the contrast between stems and fruit is good. The red stems of Eosa lucida are also used to advantage. In large shrub borders, along margins of ponds and edges of creeks, the brilliant osiers form an important part of the winter landscape. About the best are the golden-branched willow (Salix vitellina var. aurea) and the variety Britzensis, with reddish branches. Salix viminalis, the basket willow, has also bright yellow stems and is especially valuable. Salix purpurea, the purple osier, gives us a chance to introduce a purple hue into the winter landscape, which in the distance is particularly enchanting. Salix palmaefolia has" also purple branches and is very useful. As a purple-branched shrub, Berberis vulgaris purpurea, the purple-leaved barbery, is often used in small plantations. For gray effects in stem and twig coloration, we can resort to the sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), and to one of the oleasters (Eleagnus argentea). Effects in gray are sometimes very desirable in the winter land- scape picture. For effects in green branches, we have the grass green stems of Kerria Japonica, and the green stemmed variety of the red dogwood (Cornus sanguinea viridissima), and the golden bell (Forsythia viridissima). We look to the coral berry (Symphoricarpus vulgaris) for a magenta shade. For soft brown shades we have ample opportunity to select from a long Ust, such as Stephanandra flexuosa. Spiraea callosa, the golden bell (Forsythia suspensa), the tree of heaven (Ailanthus glandulosa), Crataegus crenata, and many others. Many fail to notice the beautiful soft effects that can be obtained by mass planting of the brown stemmed shrubs and trees, but it is particularly agreeable during the months of January and February to see a mass of brown stems as a relief from the blinding glare of the sun on the snow. It is then that we value the brown stemmed shrubs along with the osiers and dog- woods. In order to secure exceedingly good effects in stem coloration it is well to remember that the highest color is produced in the growth of the cur- SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 135 rent year and in order to secure this growth we must not be afraid to prune heavily in the spring, so as not to destroy the effect in winter. This is par- ticularly true of the willows, dogwoods and kerrias. All planting should be done to a definite purpose. If it is for a place that is to be occupied throughout the entire year, we should not fail to make ample provision for the effect which we can produce in the winter. If suc- cessfully planned, such a planting would be a work of art, which would not only appeal to every artistic eye, but would at the same time serve as an education to the people. The efforts of many landscape gardeners in the past have been to plan for summer effects only and we are often sated with the profusion of summer bloom. It is in the winter that we more fully appreciate what we can get by the way of color and tone. Too often we see the home grounds arrayed with bundles of straw, burlap and barnyard refuse, and the graceful shrubs which are absolutely hardy and need no protection tied up in an unspeakable manner, suggestive of the hair-dressing of an African chief. The effective arrangement of plants for winter effect can never be taught as it is more difficult than the more or less stereotyped summer effects can possibly be, yet it is worthy of careful study and will repay every effort. Winter travel and constant observation will enable us to add to our store- house of knowledge. The growing desire for out-of-door exercise, especially in winter, when indoor ventilation is so often neglected, cannot be too much emphasized, and if it can be stimulated by the creation of better winter gardens and by rendering more beautiful the great out-cf-doors, in the winter season, the art of the' landscape profession will have taken a long stride fonvard. PRESENTATION TO PRESIDENT TRAENDLY. After an announcement by the Chair that the program had been gone through with, Mr. E. V. Hallock asked to be given a few moments before the adjournment was ordered. Addressing President Traendly he continued : Mr. President, perhaps I have startled you in addressing you to the exclusion of other members, but in less than one minute's time I will show you that in this particular instance you are going to be the whole show, at the end of your line. I deem it a special privilege to have been selected by the Society of American Florists to present to you a token of their affection and regard. 136 PKOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION It comes to you from their hearts as an expression of their appreciation of what you have done as an officer and for the able and impartial manner in which you have presided over their deliberations. It is a tribute from every individual member of the Society to your worth as a man; it is an expression of kindly feeling and love. Love's message can be penned on the most exquisite paper, gold bound around. What stirs the pulse of the receiver? What kindles the eye? It is that "something" which cannot be seen. (Unlocking a mahogany chest and displaying a splendid silver service of table cutlery, Mr. Hallock continued:) I trust that, in looking at this token, you will appreciate that its value is not in what you see but in that "something" of which it will remind you, which is not seen, in the hearts of every member of this convention. I trust that you may live long and am sure that, as each year goes by, the value of this testimonial will grow in your estimation and, in the later days of yOur life, prove a greater source of satisfaction than it may be at the present moment. President Traendly responded : Mr. Hallock, Ladies and Gentlemen of the Society of American Florists: I don't think that any words I could utter would adequately express my appre- ciation of the sentiments that have just been expressed. I fear that you have overestimated the work I have done for the Society and^ certainly do not feel that I have done very much, though I have tried to do the best I could. Your beautiful gift will be treasured by Mrs. Traendly and myself with the pleasant memories which it will always recall; and on her behalf and my own I heartily thank you. The President then announced that no further business remained to be transacted; and, after thanking the members for their gen- erous treatment of him as Presiding Officer, he declared the con- vention adjourned, subject to call in special meeting at Chicago during the National Flower Show, next November. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 137 FOURTH DAY-AFTERNOON On Friday afternoon, following the adjournment, the florists enjoyed a boat ride on the Niagara River as the guests of the Buflfalo Florist Club. Two steamers with barges were filled with the excursionists. One party subsequently returned to Niagara Falls and the other proceeded to Buffalo. Stops were made at Edgewater, Electric Park and Bedell Park. Favorable weather made the trip on the river very enjoyable. An excellent lunch was served on the boats. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FINAL RESOLUTIONS. During the afternoon the following report was read : In this closing hour of this most successful convention it seems eminently fitting that we should give some recognition and voice our appreciation of the different agencies and individuals that here combined to make our stay so pleasant and profitable to the Society. As the muffled roar of this mighty cataract comes to our ears it seems proper that our homage should first be paid to this wonder of nature. The beauty of the town itself has also impressed us; where can those vistas of unparalleled beauty be equalled, where you look over lawns of greensward dotted with beautiful trees; out on the gleaming river, with tossing water and swift crouching current, hurrying for- ward to soon take the mighty leap. Man, who in comparison to nature so often shows to such disadvantage, not being able to add one day to his life or one inch to his stature, shows here to peculiar advantage. For centuries he has stood back, awed and cowed by this mighty wonder. But, of late, he has accepted this challenge of nature, and wrested from the very bosom of this giant, power that he has harnessed and held for his own purposes of utility and luxury a hundred miles away. To ex-Mayor O. W. Cutler the especial thanks of every member of this Society are due; he has fulfilled every promise made, and by his indefatigable attention to our every want he has certainly "made good" in all that the words imply. 138 PKOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION To Mr, Isaac, manager of the Cataract-International Hotel, our especial thanks are due for the liberal provisions made for our entertainment. His uniform courtesy and his untiring devotion to our every want. The Shredded Wheat Company deserves our best thanks in pro\'iding a hall so well fitted for our purpose, entertainment rooms, and seemingly placing their entire facilities at our disposal. Thanks are due to the Buffalo Florists' Club for their devotion to our wants and their entertainments which we all highly appreciate. To Mr. E. T, W^illiams, editor of Cataract Journal, especially, and the entire daily press of Niagara Falls generally, we wish to express our apprecia- tion of their many courtesies extended to our Society. We wish to thank the officers of the Niagara University for placing at our disposal their beautiful campus and grounds. Last but not least, to our brothers composing the Canadian Horticultural Association we wish to send a message of love and good fellowship and to thank them for the kindness and courtesies shown us, and we are sure this mingling of members of both societies will bear fruit. In our geographies a line is shown dividing us, but we assure them that in our hearts there is no dividing line. Peter Fisher. Otto G. Koenig. E. F. WiNTERSON. REPORTS OF STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS FOR J 908 CALIFORNIA. The past year has been one of depression all over the state. The florist has felt it very much, although most of us have bright hopes for the coming season. This condition of trade has, of course, reduced the building of new houses. The Japanese competition has been going ahead with leaps and bounds for the last few years. At the present time I think they have as much glass as the white man in California, and as their mode of living and SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 139 labor ig so much cheaper than ours they have the advantage in what they produce. Our brethren in the East being so far away from the Pacific coast do not, 1 believe, see the Japanese question as we do. Sidney Clack, State Vice-President. CONNECTICUT. Considering the general business depression, the florist has held his own better than most other tradesmen; in fact, according to reports I am getting from throughout the state, business has been very satisfactory. The following reports are from each city as given by leading florists: New Haven. — Spring business was very satisfactory; there has been a shortage on first-class bedding stock. An increasing demand for everything in the horticultural line has been very noticeable, not only in plants but flowers, seeds and floral supplies. Hartford. — The retail trade has been much better than the year previous, notwithstanding the hard times. There has been a scarcity of flowers most of the time, and the New York and Boston market had to be called upon to supply the demand. Very few new greenhouses have been erected. Cromwell. — Very good business conditions. Lately there has been a falling off* in the volume of the cut flower business due to small prices in the large markets; to offset this the plant business has increased enough to make the net results practically the same as the year previous. New London. — Business has been very good and especially the funeral work. The demands for bedding stock has largely increased; this is largely due to the amount of interest taken by amateurs in horticultural lines. Bridgeport. — Reports a very prosperous business year, with a good market for all their home grown stuff. Norwich. — Very good business prevailed here, good prices have been obtained for good cut flowers and potted plants. Red carnations and violets took the lead in price and quantities sold. Roses were plentiful and sold at ordinary prices. The dull mid-winter season has been felt much less than during previous years. Horticultural societies all through the state are very active and greatly help to further horticultural interests. In all the towns better kept homes can now be seen; in fact, a certain pride of cleanliness, tidiness about homes is to be more and more noticed. GusTAVE X. Amrhyn, State Vice-President. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. All florists and growers (with one or two exceptions) that I have inter- viewed report business not up to former years. The florists of this district 140 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION are, I believe, more fortunate tban the rest of the country, as a great part of our population is employed by the government and their salaries are not affected by trade depressions. The duration of Congress, having a great deal to do with the length of Washington's entertaining season (and the last being a long session), helped to average up the season's business with last year. The grower, I think, was the loser this last year, as I frequently saw as early as February azaleas which usually sell from $4 to $5 each, placed in show windows and priced at $2 and $2.50 each; also during the same month Saturdays were bargain days, when roses and carnations were advertised for 50 cents per dozen. Who is the loser? However, not daunted, they are importing just as much, and in some cases more than last year. The growers of outdoor summer florists' flowers, also the truck farmers, suffered heavily on account of the eight weeks' drouth of June and July. Our Florists' Club is in a very prosperous condition. An innovation for the summer months has been to hold the meetings on the lawns of different members, the ladies being invited and light refreshments served, which has made the meetings better attended and more enjoyable than the stereotyped meetings of the club room. Geo. H. Cooke, State Vice-President. FLORIDA. Being unable to attend the convention this year I submit the following report : Florida is not much of a state for the commercial florist. Flowers being so freely produced all the year outdoors, the demand is necessarily small for greenhouse grown blooms. In the northern and central part of the state, howevei, in winter and during the fashionable "season" before Easter there is a groT\ing demand for cut-flower and decorative w^ork in general, and a few firms are doing well at several points. So far there has not been enough cut flower stock produced under glass, and the dealers have had to order roses, orchids and carnations quite freely from northern growers, but a few firms are now building modern glass houses to try and grow more, right at home. The year so far has been an excellent one, both in demand for cut flowers in the area mentioned and for growing pot plants of various classes in the few nurseries devoted to such production, and the business seems to be in a healthy state. Palms, ferns, and decorative plants seem to be in as good demand as ever, with some call for specialties. Personal letters, circulars, and convention programs have been sent to all those I considered likely to join the society, and I hope that there will be some members added to the Florida contingent yet. Egbert N. Reasoner, State Vice-President. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 141 GEORGIA. Business the past year has been good, especially in the nursery lines. The following report from the West View Floral Company seems to sum- marize the situation completely: The florists in Georgia during the past year have increased their business considerably. Good products and more of them than heretofore, together with a determination to keep the aggregate amount of sales in excess of previous seasons, are responsible for this condition — but March, April and May found us all with a surplus stock. More plants Avere grown for the Easter trade and less demand caused a slump in prices. Large dealers in imported stock, such as azaleas, hydrangeas, rhododendron? and bulbous stock, suffered the most; but outside of the three months mentioned those of us that get together occa- sionally to compare notes feel that we did an awful lot of work for the money, but all report a gradual improvement since June 1, and look forward with a view of catching up before the year closes. The season shows a steady demand for roses and carnations, and with proper care these two items are the best payers. An ever increasing demand for hardy flowering plants is apparent to us all, and those that are catering to this particular branch certainly have their hands full during the occasional summer drouths. V. E. Lambert, State Vice-President. ILLINOIS— NORTH. As business and trade conditions for the past season were alike in all sections of the country, there is nothing of special interest to report. A great interest is being shown in our National Flower Show and all indications point to the largest gathering of the trade at Chicago November next in the history of our society. Illinois hopes that all in the trade will come and bring with them some of the results of their work. We will welcome you and do our part to make it pleasant and make the National Flower Show a regular institution. We have had during the past year three notable meetings. Last November the Horticultural Society of Chicago, which was aided by the Chicago Florist Club, gave their annual flower show which was a great success. In January we held a meeting of the Illinois State Florists' Society at Springfield, and in March the American Rose Society met at Chicago and gave a fine display of the ''Queen of Flowers," the rose. All of these meetings were a grand success and a benefit not only to Illinois florists but to the entire trade. The S. A. F. & O. H. is performing a great work for the benefit of all, and I am pleased that the Illinois florists realize this and are co-operating to make the work broader and more helpful to each of us. 142 PEOCEEDIXGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Our conventions have become the common meeting ground of the grower and retailer of flowers, where they meet the manufacturers and wholesalers of their requisites in their respective lines. Experiences are related, sugges- tions are offered and new ideas developed. It has been my personal pleasure to note that in our profession if one of our number develops a new idea which is of general benefit to the trade, instead of selfishly hiding it he cheerfully offers it to his fellow craftsmen, so that they may also reap the benefits of his discovery. This is one of the reasons why our business has advanced so rapidly. Our trade exhibit offers the greatest opportunity to become acquainted with the newest and advanced methods in every branch of the trade. Each year shows greater advancement and improvements. Our profession is in an era of prosperity and progress, and by all working together it w411 continue. There are exhibits from every section of the country and no expense is spared in the display of goods. Each line is represented by experts who will gladly give all the information possible. Visiting our conventions is an education and ideas are gathered from the North, South, East and West that would cost hundreds of dollars if it were not for our yearly meeting. Let me add a word of sincere appreciation of the great value of the work done by this society, and personally I feel under many obligations for the opportunities offered, of which I have endeavored to take every advantage and I am thankful that I am a member of our trade organization. F. Lautenschlager, State Vice-President. ILLINOIS— SOUTH. Business in our section of the state the past season has been very good, and with only a few exceptions there has been an increase over last season. This is especially true in reference to bedding plants. I have canvassed the situation carefully and can truly say our business has suffered very little, if any (locally), on account of the recent paiiic. The continued wet weather and lateness of the season this spring was a great drawback, and is the primary cause for carnations in the field not being quite up to last year at this writing, July 20. Prospects for the coming season look good. Farming crops hereabout are some below the average, however, with good prices prevailing and demand for labor again increasing the pessimist must again take a back seat. My prede- cessor last year having reported quite elaborately on the good work done by our state society it may be of interest to many to hear some news on this work. Through the kind efforts of Prof. Blair and those in charge at the university there has been some $7,000 added to our building fund, so at the last meeting of the Advisory Board (in conjunction with the above named gentlemen) the contract was let for a $14,000 plant to be erected on the university grounds for experimental work, which will be in charge of Prof. H. B. Dorner, and SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 143 owing to the lateness of the season carnations only will be planted, on which various kinds of fertilizers will be tested during the coming season. The field work taken up the past season, which was in charge of Prof. Beal, has proved of much value to the trade. Prof. Forbes, of the Entomologist Department, has very kindly tendered some valuable information and to him our association is much indebted. We expect in the near future to issue a bulletin on some of the work already accomplished by our experiment station, which will be of much interest to the trade. It is our hope that the florists in other states will get busy along this same line, and that some day representa- tives from each state may meet in national council to plan different kinds of experiments to be carried on in the various state experiment stations pertaining to our profession. This I am sure will result in much good. The Secretary's office is always open to any information wanted as to mode of procedure or anything else, the seal of which your humble servant has charge of at the present time. J. F. Ammann, State Vice-President. IOWA. Trade has been good the past season, in many places far exceeding any previous year. The demand for plants was perhaps a trifle below last season, owing to weather conditions at planting time. In decorative stock ferns are in best demand; palms go slow. Increased call for baskets, porch and window boxes and hardy stock of all kinds. In bedding stock geraniums take the lead. In cut flowers the general demand is good, in fact, enough to make up the deficiency in the plant line and leave a balance in favor of this year's busienss. Carnations seem to be the general favorite, with roses a close second. In funeral work loose flowers and sprays take the lead in most localities. There is also a marked increase in demand for better quality, both in cut flowers and plants. Notwithstanding the prosperous season there is comparatively little build- ing, which is no doubt due to financial conditions. JuDSON A. Kramer, State Vice-President. INDIANA. Conditions throughout Indiana during the past year were much the same as those in other lines of trade. Total receipts were about equal, or perhaps a little less than those of former years. Not a great amount of glass, approximately 300,000 square feet, has been added to the total area, but noticeable improvement is seen in the various 144 PEOCEEBINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION grades of stock produced, especially in the growing of roses and carnations. Long strides have also been taken in the production of out of door stock. Direct effects of the great education wrought by the trade journals may be learned from the results obtained by the younger growers who rely greatly upon this mode of education. The wisdom of having glass insured in the Florists' Hail Association has been proven and put to a thorough test. Several hail storms did much damage in different localities. Those carrying insurance, it is unnecessary to say, regained their feet in a remarkably short space of time, wiser and better equipped than ever. Indiana is noted for its shipping facilities. The florists are using this advantage by shipping immense quantities of plants and cut flowers to the surrounding states. Trafiic in stock plants has almost trebled in the last five years and well laid plans promise enormous gains in the near future. As in many years past, there have been many new varieties of chrysanthe- mums, carnations and roses produced in this state. Several of the best new productions were put on the market this season with a result that needs no repetition. Much interest is taken in the various undertakings of the S. A. F, & O. H., the American Rose Society and the American Carnation Society. John Bertermann, State Vice-President. MARYLAND. The year of 1908 will long be remembered as one of difiiculties of various kinds all along the horticultural line. Early in the winter the wave of financial depression struck Baltimore and, of course, the florists had to suffer first, which means low prices for flowers, while expenses went merrily along. Dur- ing the spring the rainy weather interfered with planting out, to be followed with no rain during June and July, causing a drought, during which the weeds even refused to grow, consequently there are many small carnation plants being housed which will have a tendency to keep the supply down somewhat, early in the season. Roses are in fine shape. During the past year Maryland has made great strides towards becoming a horticultural center. The South especially recognizing the fact that no- where else can better roses, violets, carnations, etc., be secured, than through the Baltimore Florist Exchange, which is the main distributing point for the growers and the leading factor in making Maryland horticulture what it is, handling fully four-fifths of all the wholesale cut flower trade of the state. Very little has been done in the line of building, the general aim being to make the present facilities produce more and better results than the past. Although the bedding out season did not commence until late, causing some SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 145 apprehension of the final results, as far as we can learn the business done was up to the average, and nearly all available stock disposed of. Quite a few new estates are being planted and the building up of the suburban districts is creating an increased demand for this line of stock. Maryland is again at the front with a grand new rose in John Cook's "My Maryland," which is destined to rank among the best standards of the future. Stevenson Bros." new carnation, "Splendor," promises to be a pennant winner. Maryland claims the best and largest collection of geraniums and in dahlias will rank second to none in the country. The Baltimore Gardeners' Club and Maryland State Horticultural Society are in flourishing condition. Fred Bauer has been experimenting with Harrisii lilies and having ob- tained some wonderful results, may be expected to be heard from in the near future. The state good road law passed at the session of the legislature carries with it an appropriation of one million dollars for improvement of the roads throughout the state. Richard A. Vincent, State Vice-President. MASSACHUSETTS— EAST. After a long series of annual reports showing, each time, a substantial in- crease in business and an ever growing prosperity, it is painful to have to record a season of stagnation, or at best very poor business. A sudden cur- tailment of demand, after an exceedingly prosperous year, is doubly disastrous; dealers in general having laid in an unusually heavy stock. In no branch was this felt more than in the trade in Dutch bulbs, which, in the opinion of many judges, received a blow from which it will never fully recover. This applies to the Dutch bulb as a potted flowering plant and for cut flowers, rather than as a bedding plant. The depressing conditions obtained all along the line, however, extending into market garden crops, and except for the fact that growers and dealers realize that the causes of this depression are un- necessary and not inherent to an intelligent community, they would today be in a very melancholy frame of mind. Fortunately the evils of such times are not altogether unmitigated. Thoughtful men are driven to discover if possible the causes and devise means to prevent their recurrence, and all men have revealed to them at such times the weak points in their business methods. Perhaps the greatest revelation has been the crude and unsatisfactory relationship existing between grower and dealer and the inadequate means for distributing and marketing the products of the former in times of light demand. This is indeed a very serious question and has been looming up nearer and nearer every succeeding year of late. Enormous productive establishments have grown up in response to the ever increasing demand for more stock during the years of prosperity. 146 PKOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Not only in size, but in perfection of scientific methods, has the grower made extraordinary advances, with the results that even in the short, dark days of mid-winter there has generally been a satisfactory supply. If this is true of the season of the year when demand is greatest and supply is lowest, it does not take a severe stretch of imagination to picture the condition of the market in the long, sunny days of advanced spring, when demand has not materially increased, but supply multiplied ten times. Of course, lower prices help to relieve the situation, but, in spite of everything, there comes a time when the limit is reached. This year the question has been brought home to the growers with aggravating persistency, and how to create or where to discover a market for their products at such seasons, and the best methods for distributing the same, is a subject that must command serious thought in the immediate future. To add to the further discomfiture of the poor gardener, the season has been one of exceptional drought and heat, and the destruction of outdoor crops from this cause has been almost unprecedented. Copious rains are coming now, however, and with a fair prospect of better business in the fall fortune seems to be on the turn. The closer relationship between the florists' clubs of the country and the S. A. F. is another subject which is engaging the consideration of many at this time, and your vice-president has persistently kept the idea to the front whenever the opportunity offered. It seems to him that the S. A. F. will in time jgrow into a broader and higher organization than it now claims to be, and that of such an ideal body the florists' clubs of the country will form the natural branches and correspondents. There is no doubt that aa time goes on the differentiation now existing between the commercial man, the private gardener, the seedsman and other branches of the same profession will be less marked and finally obliterated. Like Kipling's potent password of the jungle, "We be all of one flesh," the fact that all are gaining a living from the soil and seeking to develop horticulture according to the best indi- vidual lights will be sufficient to unite us into a national body, commensurate with the size and spirit of the country, and of which all would be proud. F. E. Palmer, State Vice-President. MASSACHUSETTS— WEST. During the past year, though the money stringency has been keenly felt by the cut flower growers, the retailers have had on the whole a fairly pros- perous year. Prices have ranged a little less perhaps, for first class stuff, but the supply at all times exceeded the demand, with the inevitable results, this being particularly the case among the carnation growers. Never in the history of the carnation has such a fine grade of flowers been produced, as during the last winter, the general quality of the blooms being far above the ordinary, but the returns must have been very unsatisfactory to the growers. SOCIETY OF AMEEICAN FLORISTS 147 Probably more flowers were bought by the middle classes, owing to the reduced price at which they could be obtained, and in this way possibly, many new customers were secured for future business. The plant trade showed a general increase of sales, particularly at Easter, when prices were good, and everybody sold out clean. Each year the demand for pot plants increases, as they last longer than cut flowers when properly hardened off, and this point should not be overlooked by our progressive florists, as it always means a satisfied customer, and consequently another sale. The western portion of our state, which I have the honor to represent, is more the home of the gardener than the florist, as the private places are large, and the general needs of the several places are looked after by the gardener, whose time is largely taken up by the numerous representatives of the many seed and plant houses and nurserymen of the country, and the peddler of nursery stock, equipped with the most marvelously colored and alluring pic- tures of his fruit and flowers, who personally conducts his own business. The many seedsmen who do business in this section of the state all claim a banner year, their sales being reported at least one-third in advance of pre- vious years, and under such encouraging conditions they all meet you with the "glad hand," for although we are in a somewhat remote part of the state, they all find us, the scenery of the beautiful Berkshire Hills being an attrac- tion, where business and pleasure can form a congenial combination. Alfred J. Loveless, State Vice-President. MICHIGAN— EAST. In my report I can only give you an outline of my observations around Detroit and the immediate vicinity. The season of 1907-1908 has been a very satisfactory one with almost everyone, and if we are considering the effect the money stringency had on the financial market and on most all manufacturing firms, etc., I think we can congratulate ourselves, especially in our town, that we were not hit as hard as some of the large eastern cities. This last season's business was not as steady all the time as the year previous; several times cut flowers accumulated and found their way on the rubbish pile, and then, again, it was very hard to get flowers enough to fill your orders. Our fall trade was very good, especially during the debutante season, and the craftsmen who create new outlets for our products cannot be thanked enough, and we should certainly all of us carry the words on our banner that no function of any kind should be "without flowers." We are gradually getting a larger variety of cut flowers for our Detroit market, which is very beneficial to the patron as well as the florist. The wealthy class of people who buy flowers more frequently grow tired of roses 148 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOUETH CONVENTION and carnations and enjoy, whenever they come to your store, to see some new variety of flower and you will also be able to get a little better price for something new. For winter flowers forget-me-nots, valleys, sweet peas. Primula obconica, cut cyclamen, stevia, bouvardias, the various shades of snapdragon and many others found a ready market. For spring flowers, Spanish iris, centaureas, gypsophila, larkspur, the latter three in all their different varieties, and many others that can be brought out early in the spring, always found good sales. Bulbous stock, such as daffodils, tulips, paper whites and several others, were a good deal harder to sell this year than other years; it may be that there were more of them grown in comparison to previous years. Asters around Detroit are getting worse every year, and many of our growers are pretty nearly ready to stop growing them, and yet we need them to fill in the time when we are without carnations. Someone might solve the problem of growing asters different or grow something in their place. I have seen a few rows of giant centaurea alba which was profitable and sold well as cut flowers, and the plants were not bothered either by the aster beetle nor grub worm, nor blight. Our spring trade, or rather bedding plant trade, was very good and everybody sold out well, at fairly good prices. Up to the present time there is very little building going on and I hardly think that there will be very much this year. Our Detroit Florists' Club has done very good work, especially in bringing those more interested in the welfare of same closer together and comparing notes and talking things over in a good friendly way, and many benefits have been derived by members directly, as well as indirectly. Albert Pochelon, State Vice-President. MICHIGAN— WEST. I would report a very satisfactory state of trade with the florists and horticulturists of the state. The demand for cut flowers has been steadily increasing, and with more modern construction of houses and better heating plants, a far superior quality of flowers and plants is produced. Considerable new glass has been built this season, both for flowers and vegetables, most of which has been put up in a more modern and substantial manner than heretofore. The vegetable growers have had a poor year, lettuce selling at a lower price than ever known before, but cucumbers and tomatoes have done better, which will help to bring up the average. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 149 There is an increasing demand for well grown flowering plants, also a verj marked increase in the use of all kinds of shrubbery and perennial plants. The demand for a better grade of plants and flowers is being met by the trade generally with very satisfactory results, and I am pleased to report a rapidly increasing and prosperous trade with the craft in this section. Henry Smith, State Vice-President. MISSISSIPPI. Horticulture in Mississippi represents a very small product of the state. For its area the invested capital is the smallest of any state in the Union, and with but few exceptions the growers are not pretentious, producing stock in a measure only for the wants of the immediate neighborhood and seeing little beyond the horizon of their own vision. Considering soil and climate, no section of the country is better adapted to the growth of a wide and varied class of stock. With a temperature reach- ing near zero each season in the northern belt, to barely freezing weather along the southern boundary, soils with various textures and embracing the rich alluvial deposits of the delta, offer possibilities for the plant grower that are not obtainable in other states less favored. Being a strictly cotton grow- ing state, with sure and positive returns for their harvest, the people here have depended on the outside grower for their wants to decorate their homes and embellish their gardens with such plants as the occasion required and which has been in keeping with a general desire for betterments in every respect. There are many small growers, however, who see the possibilities of a larger home field opening up for the sale of their wares, and some are taking advantage of the sign. The glass area is being enlarged gradually, but the greatest increase is in the ground area, w^hich has been planted to ornamentals and herbaceous stock. A better soil and climate cannot be found for this class of plants and it will not be many years before this state will supply to the general trade its full share of ornamental stock of the highest quality. The efforts made along this line are being watched by the home people who have capital to invest in any worthy business, and their aid will be given where the returns are shown to be adequate for the capital invested. As Vice-President of the state, I have appealed to every one to join the S. A. F., but thus far my endeavors have been fruitless. Continued efforts will be made along this line and I hope that better results will obtain in the future. S. W. Crowell, State Vice-President. MISSOURI— EAST. Beginning with last fall, owing to financial conditions, business started in slow, and prices in cut flowers did not compare favorably with other years 150 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOUETH CONVENTION up to the holidays, after which some improvement followed; a good demand was noted in cut flowers and well-grown flowering plants. There was a lull after Christmas, and as we were favored with clear weather, which increased stock, prices again remained lower than in former years. Easter being late, there were enough of good lilies and other well grown plants in the market to supply the demand. Bedding out was very much retarded on account of very wet and cold weather, the growers of plants having quite some stock left over. No large additions have been made to the area of glass, although some building has been done. Carnations, as a rule, in field are good and give promise of good results. The tightness of the money market no doubt affected the retailer, as well as the grower. John Steidle, State Vice-President. MISSOURI— WEST. Before proceeding with my report I regret to find a condition of affairs which, through the last few years, has shown little or no improvement, and has failed to keep pace with the advancement of our industry in the western part of this state, namely, the ragged support given to the trade organizations. In Kansas City and St. Joseph there are perhaps some fifty or sixty florists, store men and growers, ninety per cent of whom I will venture to say have never attended one of the national meetings, and who have not the slightest conception of the benefits to be derived. Have we ever realized how pitifully small in the aggregate is the proportion of the craft represented in our Na- tional Society? The reason for this most lamentable state of affairs lies in the fact that a great many of them do not realize the value of trade meetings. Apparently they do not realize that the S. A. F. has enrolled all of the foremost men in the different branches of our trade, men who are ripe in their years of experience and who have accomplished brilliant successes. These same men wiU tell you that they could not afford to miss one national gather- ing, they attend for the sole purpose of meeting the others, exchanging past experiences and comparing ideas. Get out of the beaten track, cultivate the acquaintance of these great men, who are getting out of the rut themselves, who are open minded, pro- gressive, and worth while. Selfish motives deceive men into thinking that they can get more by going alone in their own way, the true success is not theirs, merely passing' time away. Instead of being a stay-at-home, attend the trade meetings at every opportunity and mix with your fellow tradesmen whose ideas and methods have made success for them and which they will gladly extend to you. Civilization owes much to these great men, who have produced the very best that grows in plant life. Co-operation is the most effective way to secure the most of what each one desires to obtain. SOCIETY OF AMEEICAN FLOEISTS 151 From various sources of information and comparison I regret my inability to report trade conditions as favorable or as prosperous as in past years. The majority of merchants, hoTvever, express a feeling that the effect of the finan- cial flurry did not cause the inconvenience that was first anticipated. Growers assert that the season was a fairly profitable one, and that stock was disposed of at a moderate price, while the cost of production was curtailed to a certain extent on account of the mildness of the past winter. Spring opened late, rainy and cold; in fact, rain fell almost continuously during the months of April and May, which necessitated late plantings of most all garden and greenhouse plants, and in many instances replantings, the first having been frozen. This brought about a larger volume of business, much to the satisfaction of the grower. Store men report a considerable falling off after Christmas of floral dec- orating for social affairs. Spring weddings were not numerous nor of large proportions. Easter came with a rush, which was a great surprise to many, who expected to see no marked increase in the volume of business. The de- mand for potted plants indicated the usual upward tendency for that item, and most all stocks came to the market in prime condition. 'Tis a most deplorable fact, however, that we have among us a number of both growers and store men, who do not make the effort to have the kind of showing for these holidays that makes money and reputations for themselves. Apparently they lost sight of the fact that before the business can be done the goods must be grown and shown right. There is some satisfaction in observing that the inclination of some growers is to produce high grade stock and let the other fellow grow the inferior grades. This policy is worthy of all possible encouragement, as those growers that do not know the difference between good and bad stock will always be in the majority. Many firms adjacent to St. Joseph and Kansas City have added to their glass area, while others have additions in the course of construction. Still, we have not near so much glass as could be profitably used, especially in and around Kansas City, and many retailers still look to the Chicago market for their regular supplies of choice stock. This condition might be somewhat relieved if our home growers would bring their present plants up to a higher degree of productiveness. Some new business has been inaugurated, and to the best of my knowledge no failures have occurred. The many floods that occurred during the months of May and June, in the states of Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas, was felt very keenly by growers in this locality, preventing them from shipping stock from here for nearly a month. Nursery men were also affected to a certain extent by the spring floods, some of them being located in the river valleys, where the destruction was almost complete. The beautification of Kansas City, its parks and boulevards, needs no 152 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWEXTY-FOUETH CONVENTION introduction, and, indeed, the present park board has lost none of the "Kansas City spirit" in the sense of a continued improvement in park and landscape ■work. Larger number of home owners are awakening to the value of "the home beautiful," and nurserymen all report good healthy conditions in their line. There is one thing I regret to state, that a move has not been made for an annual flower show at Kansas City. Briefly stated, while I am impressed with the many difficulties attending thereto, I feel that we should carefully consider what could be done in this direction. The importance of a more general knowledge among the public of horticulture and floriculture is suffi- cient to prompt us to bring about the establishment of an exhibition, either annually or once in two years. During the past year we have had taken from our midst Mr. Lawrence J. Stuppy, of St. Joseph, Mo., who had been in business there since 1873. In conclusion I beg to extend to all my brother florists my earnest wishes for a most prosperous season. William L. Eock, State Vice-President. NEBEASKA. I have the pleasure to submit to your honorable body the conditions of floriculture and horticulture in the state. A state in which the geographical center of our country is located, a state which is rich in sunshine and fertile soil. There may be other states claiming the commercial center of business and a larger membership in the S. A. F., however that may be, we have a large force of men in the fields of floriculture. Greenhouses are springing up here and there over most sections of the state, some larger and some smaller. Trade last fall was very good with the exception of a few weeks during the financial crisis last December, where there was a falling off in the trade, but it soon regained its normal condition. Christmas trade, as well as the winter trade, was good. Easter was a record breaker. Flowers were very plentiful, a result from the mild and open winter which we had. Easter lilies were more plentiful than any other year. The demand for plants and cut flowers during Christmas and Easter is constantly increasing, therefore the growing florist must strive to furnish a larger stock and better quality for these occasions. In the line of horticulture there has been a great activity in the beautify- ing of parks and private homes. The State Horticultural Society, as usual, has its annual and semi-annual meetings with a large attendance and interesting topics. The Omaha Florists' Club has been prospering. It has a fairly large membership and a good social time. I only wish that it could be induced to SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLOEISTS 153 join the S. A. F., as I am ashamed of the Nebraska florists over the small interest that they take in the S. A. F. We could easily be a hundred strong. The disposition which used to exist to a certain extent among the retailers, especially in Omaha, to increase the volume of sales by offering flowers and plants at prices that are below the market value, seems to have died out and instead there seems to be a more uniform value on our goods. Lewis Henderson, State Vice-President. NEW HAMPSHIRE. I have to report a satisfactory business from the Granite State for the past season. Although cut flowers sold lower in midwinter and early spring than usual at that time, from. May up to July business has kept up at a steadier gate than usual, mostly in funeral and bedding trade. Owing to the financial trouble all over the country in this state factories have been running only part of their usual time and at reduced wages, which accounts for the uncertain trade around the larger towns and cities. There is very little new glass put up in this state, with the exception of probably the longest house ever built, at Madbury, N. H., for Wm. H. Elliott. We have had a very bad spell of hot and dry weather from the first of June to the middle of July and many of the earlier crops have been ruined. Carnations in the field have suffered severely, especially those on dry lands; many growers have planted them in the houses early, so as to save them from completely drying up. Some heavy rains about July 20 have put a different tone to most of the late flowering plants and everything looks now quite prom- ising. There is no florist organization in this state, although a closer acquaint- ance of the craft is very much needed. Herman C. Stache, State Vice-President. NEW JERSEY. The record of the past year, not alone in the florists' business but in all lines of business, is not a pleasant one to contemplate. Just a year ago we felicitated one another upon the prevailing prosperity and general activity, but even then the warning cloud had risen above the horizon, had found its expression in the "tightness" of money, though none foresaw its ominous character or anticipated its immediate disastrous breaking. It will serve no useful purpose here to tabulate and follow out the dire result in its entirety, as expressed in low prices and sacrifice sales. The florist has suffered more than his meed, for he caters to the luxurious side of life, and in times of depression the luxuries are first affected by enforced economies. 154 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION We find its present results in the absence of new undertakings and a period of waiting and hopefulness ensues. The lull is temporary and has been most strongly felt by those engaged in the cut flower trade. In the broader field of horticulture a better condition prevails. The nursery trades, favored with a fine planting season, report good business and complete sales of all salable stock. Arthur Herrington, State Vice-President. NEW YORK— EAST. The past year has been a remarkable one in eastern New York. It speaks well for the stability of the business, the strength of its foundation, in every department of horticulture, the seed, the nursery and the florist lines, and the devotion to their noble calling of the great army of workers, that no failures of consequence have taken place, and that general prosperity has abounded. The great financial panic of 1907, beginning shortly after the S. A. F. convention, and wide spreading in its disastrous effects, was especially severe in New York and its vicinity, and every branch of the trade shared in the depression that followed in its wake. Bravely and patiently were the condi- tions met and conquered, until now hopefulness and enterprise everywhere pre- vail— and a brighter outlook than ever known in our history appeals to the florists, the seedsmen and the nurserymen of the metropolis and its vicinity. The area of glass increase has not equalled that of 1907 in this section of the country, but the greenhouse builders all report a fairly prosperous year, with indications of greater enterprise in the future. The number of firms engaged in this department of horticultural work increases rapidly and all appear to have their share of contracts booked and in progress of completion. The seedsmen have enjoyed the most prosperous season ever experienced, the long continuance of favorable weather for planting maintaining the demand far into the year, while the enormous additions to suburban residents close to all the cities of the East was never so much in evidence as now. This may account largely for the prosperity that has crowned the nursery business of the East this year, together with the favorable weather for ship- ment of nursery stock later than usual. From Long Island and New Jersey, where the largest nurseries of the East are located, come the same records of greatly increased demand, and more and more the fact is made clear that the nursery business here is only in its infancy and that there is no limit to its possibilities of development. Importations of fine European stocks have been enormous. Large estates are being developed and landscape work has progressed with most encouraging strides. All the horticultural societies of the East are prosperous and pro- gressive. The fall exhibitions maintained their character for perfectness and SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 155 variety, and the local interest manifested by New Yorkers in flower shows was as lamentably discouraging as it has been for many years. The New York Florist Club has grown constantly in numbers and influence, its monthly exhibitions and lectures have been woll attended, and growers of new varieties of flowers have found quick appreciation of their exhibits, and great benefit and patronage through the club's endowment and certificates. Growers of flowering plants have found this year a most satisfactory market for their products. The Easter trade was fully up to expectations, the call for bedding plants was constant and there was no surplus that the various auctions did not distribute to the advantage of the growers, prices at these marts frequently exceeding the regular wholesale rates. The cut flower growers cannot look back upon the experiences of the year with satisfaction. To them the financial panic came as a menace that it has taken the whole year to overcome. The effects of this unnecessary and illegitimate interference with the prosperity of the country have been universal and disastrous. But the cut flower growers have weathered the storm with rare fortitude and patience, and the prospect for the coming season is full of good cheer. There have been few additions to greenhouse plants for the growing of roses, carnations and violets, and as a result better prices may be anticipated in the future. It is the general opinion of the wholesale florists that the past has been the worst season in the history of the cut flower trade in New York. Never before have such sacrifices been made and such losses experienced. But it is "a long lane that has no turning," the spirit of unrest and distrust will vanish with "the good times coming," and the great harvests, the freedom from political strife and uncertainty, the tide of prosperity already here, and the inevitable progress that cannot be suppressed in the onward march of the nation; all these bid us hope on, hope ever, in the glorious calling that crowns the valleys and the hilltops with beauty, and "makes the wilderness to bud and blossom as the rose." J. Austin Shaw, State Vice-President. NEW YORK— WEST. I cannot give in my report very much first-hand information regarding the conditions in the cut flower trade. We are plantsmen rather than florists and my knowledge of florist trade matters is more or less hearsay. It seems to be the general sentiment in western New York, however, that the year's business has not been all that could be asked for. In fact, many of our good friends among the florists are reciting tales of woe that would be quite heartrending did not their rotund and rubicund appearances indicate that they are still able, not only to keep the wolf from the door but to indulge occasionally in the cup 156 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION that cheers — and sometimes inebriates. But joking aside, conditions have been very far from satisfactory for western New York florists. Trade seems to have been fully twenty-five per cent below the average of recent years. The Holland bulb people and Belgian growers of exotic plants seem to think that we are in a pretty bad way over here, for their travelers have been returning with scarcely enough business to pay expens.es. However, conservative buying is not a bad sign for good business in the future. General business conditions are certainly much more encouraging and prospects are that the public will not feel obliged to hang on to their dollars quite so lovingly as last winter. Grafted roses sold much slower than usual last spring, but when the season was over and the total sales were figured up, they were not especially behind other years. It was simply that florists seemed to put off their planting as late as possible and it took a little more persuasion than common to book orders. Nurserymen in western New York did a very good business last season, many of them having the largest sales they had ever had, but then that is a distinct and separate trade, especially as run under the agency system. The nurseryman who sells through agents prospers when other business slackens, for then he can the more readily find people willing to take up the arduous and dangerous occupation of the "tree agent." G. C. Perkins, State Vice-President. OHIO— SOUTH. As you are all well aware the present year has not been all that the craft might wish — unforeseen difiiculties have arisen in the financial world, men of means as well as women of means have been obliged to curtail expenses, work- ingmen of all classes have had less to do. bread and butter were the first necessary requirements, then clothing must be had, while flowers were only bought where absolutely necessary to keep in touch with the social world. That flowers are necessary and not particularly a luxury is well established, and the business will continue to improve from year to year, as it has done in the past. The large commercial places at Springfield, Ohio, the Goode & Reese Com- pany, the George H. Mellen Company, the McGregor Bros., the Schmidt & Bodly Company and others who are strictly plantsmen state that they are reasonably satisfied with their past business, and are very hopeful for the future. The retail cut flower men have had a very good business and never bought flowers so cheap in their lives as they have during the past season. The wholesaler has handled more stock and made less money. While there will be some building during the summer, it will be very limited. The return of prosperity will be welcomed by all and by none more than by the florists. E. G. GiLLETT, State Vice-President. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 157 PENNSYLVANIA— EAST. At the opening of the season, September, 1907, and continuing up to about December 1, business was practically up to the high standard of 1906, but since that time it has been on the wane, and gradually growing worse up to the present time. This no doubt is due to the general depression existing throughout the country, and these conditions are possibly felt rather more keenly by all concerned owing to the favorable and prosperous seasons we have had for the past five years. The growers generally, from personal observation the past season, have all harvested good crops, and with some additional glass, stock was considerably more abundant the past twelve months than the season previous, with prices materially lower. This in turn was to the advantage of the retailer, who while perhaps not doing quite so much business got as good prices as usual for his product and could purchase his supplies for very much less, the smaller volume being offset by larger profits. In the nursery and seed branches of the business the hard times have not been so manifest as with the florists, they being more dependent on the farming element of the community, who did not feel the depression so quickly as the flower buyers. Very little new glass building is in progress in this section this season, the growers being conservative on account of the unprofitable conditions of the past twelve months. This in a way will tend to keep the supply and demand in a healthy equilibrium, and most good judges are looking forward to gradually brightening prospects. E. J. Fancourt, State Vice-President. PENNSYLVANIA— WEST. I am pleased to report that business am.ong the florists of Western Penn- sylvania has not felt the financial depression as much as most other lines of business with which I am familiar. The general report, of course, is not as good as last season, consequently prices on the average were some lower than the seasons of 1906 and 1907. A successful trial was made by a few^ of the retail florists to sell the surplus of cut flowers in times of a glut by advertising and offering on special days boxes of flowers at greatly reduced prices; the volume of sales was increased and these particular sales had no effect on the regular prices outside of those days. There was a decrease in the quantity of bedding plants used over last season. The quality was better, but it was sold cheaper and much stock remained unsold. 158 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOUETH CONVENTION The only planting and landscape work of any consequence is that now in course of construction which is being done at the Pittsburg water works plant at Aspinwall; this when complete will be one of the prettiest parks in the country. Notwithstanding the fact that the price of glass was very low this spring, lower than it has been offered for some years, there were but few additions to the glass area of this section. With a few exceptions, what new glass is being erected is being done in a better manner and a more substantial way. The season for the nurserymen compared favorably with last year. The Florists & Gardeners' Club, which now^ has a membership of over 150, is composed of a body of enthusiastic men. The work this Club is now doing in the way of encouraging the growing of higher grade stock is com- mendable. T, P. Langhans, State Vice-President. EHODE ISLAND. Trade in the fall months of 1907 was good; I may say, very good, till first of November, w'hen the effects of the panic were felt and prices of flowers went down to a very low level. Christmas, locally, was good, better than ex- pected; but from January on the prices Avere very low. Lily of the valley and bulb flowers often did not bring the cost of the bulbs. Roses and carnations also felt the depression in business to a great extent. Spring trade in bedding plants was pretty good and nursery trade was very good. Cut flowers only middling. Summer trade in Newport has not been up to other years, but is improving as summer advances. Carl Jurgens, State Vice-President. SOUTH CAROLINA. From the few letters received in response to the many inquiries sent out, it is hard to make a correct report for South Carolina. What I can gather from the various sections is as follows: Mr. Chas. M. Neuman, of Charleston, states that he started six years ago with a hotbed and today he has thirteen greenhouses. Trade good the past spring. From Aiken, Mr. F. W. Wessels reports that the past season has been very quiet; no new building, only repair work being done, with the hope for next season to be a more profitable one to all. From Camden, Miss Shannon reports a successful year with no new addi- tions, having two houses for general stock. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 159 Columbia, our capital city, has made good improvements. Mrs. J. M. Eison has just completed one house, 21x120, making her three houses in all, and covers her ground so no other improvements can be made there. A general collection of plants and cut flo-\vers is grown. Miss Wittvogel has added one house, 35x140 feet, making seven houses in all for cut flowers and general stock. Rose Hill Greenhouses have put up a cypress tank, 60 feet high, with a capacity of 15,000 gallons. The water is for the greenhouses and truck farm. Rose Hill has the largest greenhouse plant in Columbia, eight houses in all. Cut flowers are a specialty there. Mr. Becker has charge of the state grounds, for work is mostly done by convicts. This is the first season that the grounds about the state bouse have received any attention. The beds of salvias, coleus, etc., are looking very pretty and the grass is kept short. At Spartanburg, the writer is planning a new place. When this plant is finished it will consist of 65,000 feet of glass. It will take several years to complete the plant, building a few houses each year. Carnations will be the principal flower grown. Business about the same as last year. Chas. a. Moss, State Vice-President. WEST VIRGINIA. The past year has seen a steady growth of business with the florists of West Virginia; reports from all sections of the state verify this. Several are adding new houses in order to keep pace with their trade. In the larger cities improvements are noticeable much more. In Wheeling Messrs. Forbes & Donahey and Langhans & Co. both have moved into modem store rooms on the main business thoroughfare and are doing a fine business, ready at all times to execute the largest orders on short notice. The florists in other cities are following suit. Notwithstanding the past year has seen money very scarce in sections, and this was one of them. West Virginia florists are looking forward to a more prosperous year. C. P. Dudley, State Vice-President. WISCONSIN— EAST. The past year was an unusual one for the trade. Although the financial flurry started early last fall, yet its effect was not felt much until after Christ- mas. Prices in general ruled low^er during the winter months and there was not that snap to the market we enjoyed during the prosperous years. Buyers lacked activity and speculated but little, buying only as necessity required. There was never any shortage of stock during the best season for the trade. 160 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Easter and Decoration day found the market in this vicinity well supplied and plenty to meet all demands. While there was as much consumed in quantity, yet the general average of prices appeared to be lower. However, in making comparison with other lines of trade and the flower business being considered a luxury, the growers or dealers have no complaint coming on the past year and most look hopeful for the future. Writing from my observation in the wholesale business, the trade throughout the state is making good progress. Not much building has been done during the year, about 75,000 feet would cover the entire increase throughout the state. The demand, as well as the growing of plants, is on the increase. Spring trade in bedding plants was fully up to former years, but the demand started much later than usual. The River Front Improvement Committee, by advocat- ing the use of plants and vines for beautifying the river along its docks, created quite a demand for plants, which helped out considerably. Three or four florists suffered some damage by hail and storms in the western part of the state. There has been quite an increase in the growing of green goods, carnations and chrysanthemums in this market the past year. The general sentiment prevails that trade will remain quiet until after the presidential election. May the man win who can hand out the most prosperity, as that is a great factor in this line. The trade in this state are not very enthusiastic S. A. F. members and by constant drumming up by the Vice- President it is hard to muster up a quorum to go to the meeting. Perhaps the coming fall show at Chicago, which is so close to this territory, will bring out a large attendance and a little missionary work at that time on behalf of the S. A. F. ought to increase the membership. Our local florist club is in a sound and flourishing condition. The meet- ings are well attended and interesting. C. C. PoLLWORTH, State ^^ice-President. WISCONSIN— SOUTH. During the past year there has been a great amount of work done in this state in regard to new parks and splendid new drives. Milwaukee has acquired several tracts of land aggregating several hundred acres in extent and it is the intention to improve these as soon as sufficient money is on hand. The city of Madison has established a beautiful driveway connecting the four lakes that surround the city. The city of Janesville has commenced work on an auto driveway that will eventually connect with Madison, making a drive of forty miles. It seems to me that if the florists would interest themselves more in projects of this kind it would help much to promote the sale of shruba and bedding plants, as it is certainly necessary to have them in connection with driveways. SOCIETY OF AMEEICAN FLORISTS 161 The florist business in this state did not seem to suffer very much on account of the recent financial depression, as everyone that I have been able to reach is well satisfied with the amount of business done, several mentioning that the season was the best they ever had. Considerable greenhouse building has been done during the year just past, and it seems to me that there ought to be a stop to it unless we have a decided improvement in business. Prices in a wholesale way have averaged somewhat less than in the pre- vious year, but the cut has been heavier, owing to better weather conditions, so that growers will no doubt come out as well financially as in former years. Edw. Amerpohl, State Vice-President. MANITOBA. During the year past not much building has been done and no new firms have started in business. Business has been as good as was to be expected under the circumstances, with the money being held up by the banks. H. E. Philpott, State Vice-President. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST PROF. F. L. WASHBURN, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. List of Experiment Station Literature Issued Between January 1, 1908, and August, 1908, Bearing Upon Insects Affecting Various Fruits and Flowers. The following brief abstract may be of use to members of this society. To make it easy of reference we have numbered each publication from ex- periment stations or allied institutions, and follow the list of publications accompanied by brief abstracts, with the names of the fruits treated. The number immediately following the name of the fruit, refers, of course, to 162 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOUETH CONVENTION the publication with a similar number in the list above. The reader can easily refer to that number, and should he find references therein which he believes would be of use to him, he can undoubtedly secure the publication by writing the station referred to. The references to insects affecting flowers are so limited in number that no index has been made of them, the reader being advised to look on page , where these references are listed. FRUITS. 1. Eeport of the Department of Entomology, E. D. Sanderson (N. H. Station, Durham, N. H., bulletin 129, pp. 258 to 266).— A brief account of work on Gypsy, Brown tail and Codling moth, and the Apple Maggot. 2. Eeport of the professor of entomology and zoology, C. J. S. Bethune (Ann. Eep. Ont. Agr. Col. and Exp. Farm, Guelph, Ont., 32 (1906), pp. 42- 54). — Field experiments on oyster shell scale; lime sulphur wash gave best results, with kerosene emulsion second. Crude petroleum found harmless and effective as winter spray on apple, pear, plum, cherry and black currant; dangerous, however, in summer. 3. Thirty-seventh annual report of the Entomological Society of Ontario (Ann. Eep. Ent. Soc. Ont., Guelph, Ont., 37 (1906), pp. 120, pis. 7, figs. 36).— Eavages and parasites of codling moth discussed, also the oyster shell and San Jose scales. 4. Eeport on injurious insects and plant diseases for 1906, W. M. Schoyen (Beretning om Skadeinsekter of Plantesygdomme i Lang-og Havebruget, 1906. Christiania: Grondahl & Sons, 1907, pp. 30, figs. 14).— Fruit flies, blister mite, currant sawfly and Lecanium ribis discussed. 5. The strawberry root louse: Life history and remedies, C. O. Houghton (Delaware Sta., Newark, Del., Circ. 2, pp. 4). — Life history and remedies. 6. New hemipterous fruit pests in Britain, F. V. Theobald, London (Jour. Econ. Biol., 2 (1907), No. 1, pp. 14-15, pis. 2). — A considerable variety of leaf hoppers discussed, especially Typhlocyba qwercus, Chlorita flavescens and C. vericula. Parasites and remedies. 7. Spraying for the codling moth, J. W. Lloyd (Illinois Sta., Champaign, Bui. 114, pp. 375-429, figs. 5). — The first application for the codling moth should be timed preferably with reference to the most advanced young apple, rather than to the average development of the entire setting. Other matters connected with this subject discussed somewhat fully. 8. Two common scale insects, C. O. Houghton (Delaware Sta., Newark, Circ. 3, pp. 6, fig. 1). — Life histories, habits and food plants of, and remedies for the oyster shell and scurfy scales. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 163 9. The San Jose and other injurious scale insects of Tennessee with methods for their control, G. M. Bentley (Tenn. Sta. Bui., Knoxville, Vol. XIX, No. 2, pp. '11-34, figs. 23). — A general popular account of the San Jose scale, ^vith a discussion of remedies, also notes on other common scales. 10. Capnodis tenebrionis, a fruit pest, Latiere and Guenaux (Bui. Soc. Nat. Agr., France, 67 (1907), No. 3, pp. 268-271). — Attacks peach and cherry trees. Suggested treatment: Insertion of wires into the tunnels. 11. Description of a new genus and species of scale insect on the olive, A. Berlese and F. Silbestri, Italy (Redia, 3 (1905), No. 2, pp. 396-407, figs. 18). — Euphilippia olivina described and life history discussed. 12. Control of insect pests and diseases of Maryland crops, J. B. S. Nor- ton and T. B. Symons (Maryland Sta., CoUege Park, Bui. 115, pp. 145-210, figs. 38). — Different crops discussed with their injurious insects and remedies for them. 13. Spraying the apple orchard, E. D. Sanderson, T. J. Headlee, and C. Brooks (New Hampshire Sta., Durham, Bui. 131, pp. 11-56, figs. 36). — Status of apple industry, codling moth, and spraying experiments in New^ Hampshire during 1906 discussed. 14. Spraying, L. R. Taft (Michigan Sta., Lansing, Spec. Bui. 37, pp. 32, figs. 10). — Methods of control of San Jose scale, black rot and mildew of grapes, etc. 15. Spraying calendar, L. R. Taft and C. D. Smith (Michigan Sta., Lans- ing, Spec. Bui. 36, folio). 16. Fourth annual report of the state entomologist of Montana, R. A. Cooley (Montana Sta., Bozeman,' Bui. 64, pp. 33-45). — Notes of various in- sects, including the codling moth and currant span worm. 17. The monthly bulletin of the division of zoology, H. A. Surface (Penn. Dept. Agr., Harrisburg, Monthly Bui. Div. Zool. 4 (1907), Nos. 11, pp. 385-414; 12, pp. 415-450, pis. 6). — Remedies for San Jose scale, tent caterpillars and codling moth. 18. On some injurious insects in 1906, R. S. Macdougall (Trans. High- land and Agr. Soc. Scot., 5, ser. 19 (1907), pp. 173-188).— Remedies for various insects, as follows: Lamproniu rubiella on raspberries, raspberry weevils, ground beetles attacking straAvberries, and currant gall-mite. 19. Combating grape vine flea beetle, Foures-Diacon (Prog. Agr. et Vit. (Ed. I'Est) 28 (1907), No. 20, pp. 582-585).— Discussion of a certain pro- posed insecticide formula for treating the insect. 164 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION 20. Insects affecting fruit trees, C. J. S. Bethune (Ont. Dept. Agr., Guelph, Bill. 158, pp. 36, figs. 4). — A popular account of the insect pests of the apple, pear, plum, cherry, peach and grape, and formulas given for various insecticides. 21. Xylchorus xylograplms as an orchard pest, O. E. Bremner, Guelph (Canadian Ent., 39 (1907), No. 6, pp. 195, 196). — Commonly reported as at- tacking only dead or dying trees, this insect is noted as attacking healthy peach and plum trees. 22. Kerosene remedy for the fruit fly, G. Compere (Jour. Dept. Agr. West. Aust., 15 (1907), No. 4, pp. 244, 245, pi. 1).— A self -feeding kerosene trap effective in catching the fruit fly. Kerosene odor attractive to it. 23. Combating codling moth with arsenicals, J. Barsacq (Jardin, 21 (1907), No. 484, pp. 124, figs. 2). — A discussion of the use of paris green and arsenate of lead for this insect. 24. The terrapin scale, J. G. Sanders (U. S. Dept. Agr., Washington, Bur. Ent. Circ. 88, pp. 4, figs. 3). — Eulecanmm nigrafasciatum, a peach pest, described and its food plants, natural enemies and remedies discussed. 25. The history of certain insect pests of the olive, A. Berlese (Redia, i (1907), No. 1, pp. 1-180, pis. 3, figs. 60).— A detailed report of the work of the Royal Agr'l Ent. Sta. at Florence on olive insects. Remedies given for the olive fly. 26. Combating the olive fly, J. Ageret (Coltioatore, 53 (1907), No. 19, pp. 586-590). — The author thinks too little attention has been given to the natural enemies of this insect. 27. Spraying, A. Dickens and R. E. Eastman (Kans. Sta., Manhattan, Bui. 145, pp. 193-216, figs. 7). — A general discussion of this subject as applied to orchards and vineyards. 28. Spray calendar (New York Central Sta., Ithaca, Bui. 245, pp. 127- 136). — The usual arrangement for this sort of thing. 29. Fumigation of citrus trees with hydrocyanic acid gas, F. Tliomsen (Transvaal Agr., Pretoria, So. Africa, Jour., 5 (1907), No. 19, pp. 710-715, pis. 3). — A general discussion of fumigation for these trees. 30. Report of the entomologists, C. H. and H. T. Fernald (Mass. Sta., Amherst, Rpt. 1906, pp. 199-205). — Includes notes on cranberry insects and discusses treatment for white flies in greenhouses, and scale insects. 31. Three injurious insects (Estac. Agr. Expt. Cindad Juarez, Chihuahua, Bui. 5, pp. 23, pis. 2, figs. 3). — Includes discussion of control of peach aphis. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 165 32. The Duke fig tree borer of Beluchistan, E. P. Stebbing (Indian Forest Bui. 10, pp. 8, pis. 2). — Batocera ruhus, reported as a fig pest. Life history and remedies discussed. 33. Parasites of the grapevine, E. Durand (Flore et Faunedes Parasites de Vigne. Montpellier: Coulet and Sons, 1907, pp. 89, figs. 55). — Analytical tables for identification of the common insect and fungus pests of grape given and remedies. 34. The biology and means of combating phylloxera, Moritz (Mitt. K. Biol. Aust. Land n. Forsten., 2 (1907), No. 4, pp. 64-66).— Remedies dis- cussed. 35. Parasites of the olive fly, F. Silvestri (Coltivatore, 53 (1907), Nos. 23, pp. 710-717; 24, pp. 742-745). — Their life histories and importance. 36. Early spring applications of insecticides for the oyster-shell scale. The occurrence and distribution of San Jose scale in Vermont, W. Stuart (Vermont Sta., Burlington, Rep. 1906, pp. 293-297, pi. 1).— Treatment dis- cussed. 37. Twenty-second report of the state entomologist on injurious and other insects of the State of New York, 1906, E. P. Felt (N. Y. State Mus., Albany, Bui. 110, pp. 39-186, pis. 3, figs. 2). — Includes a discussion of insect pests of fruit and shade trees, including San Jose and scurfy scales and the grapevine root worm. 38. Second annual report of the state entomologist, E. F. Hitchings (Ann. Rep. State Ent. Orono, Maine, 2 (1906), pp. 77, pis. 2, figs. 21).— Includes practical notes on the apple-tree tent caterpillar, strawberry weevil, oyster-shell bark louse, wooly aphis, etc. 39. The pepper weevil, J. R. Inda (Com. Par. Agr. (Mexico), Circ. 58, pp. 11, pis. 3, fig. 1). — Remedies discussed for the attacks of Anihonomus eugenii upon Chili peppers. 40. Some insects injurious to truck crops. The cranberry span worm. The striped garden caterpillar, F. H. Chittenden (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bui. 66, pt. 3, pp. 21-32, figs. 2. — Cleora pampiyiariai discussed; its habitat, life history, etc., given. 41. Fruit flies, C. French (Jour. Dept. Agr., Victoria, 5 (1907), No. 5, pp. 301-312, pi. 1). — Life history and remedies of the Mediterranean fruit fly discussed. 42. TTie Mealy aphis on apple trees, G. d'Utra )Rev. Agr. (Sao Paulo) 12 (1907), No. 143, pp. 243-249).— Life history and remedies discussed. 166 PEOCEEDIXGS OF TWENTY-FOUKTH COXYENTION 43. Threadworms in grape vines and pear trees, G. Korff (Prakt. Bl. Pflausenbau ii Schutz, 5 (1907), No. 6,* pp. 67-69, fig. 1). — Worms of the genus Mermis found in these plants, and attention called to the fact that they are commonly parasites of insects. 44. The sphinx of grape vines, E. Brunet (Eev. Vit., 28 (1907), No. 707, pp. 5-7, pi. 1). — Habits, biology and natural enemies and remedies for Sphinx elpenor discussed. 45. The destruction of the olive fly, M. de Cillis (Coltivatore, 53 (1907), No. 27, pp. 8-11). — A practical remedy given. 46. The action of low temperatures on the eggs and caterpillars of Para- lepsa gularis, J. de Louerdo (Comp. Eend. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 145 (1907), No. 1, pp. 90-92). — A discussion of low-temperature treatment for this insect and for Plodia interpuncteUa on stored almonds. 47. Eeport of the entomologist, C. O. Houghton (Delaware Sta., Newark, Epts. 1904-1906, pp. 77-107). — Eemedies discussed for the apple-leaf miner and the plum curculio; also contains among other things notes of the oyster- shell scale. 48. Injurious insects and other animals observed in Ireland during the year 1906, G. H. Carpenter (Econ. Proc. Eay. Dublin Soc, 1 (1907), No. 11, XIX, pp. 421-452, ■ pla. 6, figs. 11). — Includes notes on plum aphis, oyster- shell scale, black currant mite. 49. Work of the Zoological and Entomological laboratory, J. Vasseler (Ber. Land u. Forsten. Deutsch-Ostafrika, 3 (1907), No. 3, pp. 108-119).— Mention made of most important insect pests of cocoanut and fruit trees. 50. Papers on deciduous fruit insects and insecticides. The pear thrips, D. Moulton (U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 69, pt. 1, pp. 16, pis. 2, figs. 8).— An account -of Euthrips pyri on peach, apricot, pear, prune, cherry, apple and other trees, with life history and technical description of the insect ; parasites and treatment also discussed. 51. Papers on deciduous fruit insects and insecticides. The spring canker-worm, A. L. Quaintance (U. S. Dept. Agric, Bur. Ent. Bui. 68, pt. 2, pp. 17-22, pis. 2). — Eemedies for the spring canker-worm. 52. Papers on deciduous fruit insects and insecticides. The trumpet leaf miner of the apple, A. L. Quaintance (U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 68, pt. 3, pp. 23-30, pi. 1, fig. 1). — The life history, history, distribution and food plants (apple, crab, raspberry) of Tisclieria malifoJieUa given. Eemedies. 53. Papers on deciduous fruit insects and insecticides. The lesser peach borer, A. A. Girault (U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 68, pt. 4, pp. 31-48, pi. SOCIETY OF AMEEICAN FLOKISTS 167 1, fig. 1). — Life histon-, habitat and food plants (plums, cherries, peach) given, parasites and remedies. 54. TTie Howard scale, E. P. Taylor (Colo. Sta., Fort Collins, Bui. 120, pp. 19, figs. 4). — Food plants (pear, plum, prune and others) given and remedies discussed. 55. Codling moth, C. Borner (Min. Bl. K. Preuss. Verwalt. Landeo. Domanen U. Forsten, 3 (1907), No. 4, Aus. Beilage, pp. 104-107, figs. 6).— Appearance, Hfe history and remedies. 56. Proceedings of the 19th annual meeting of the Assoc, of Econ. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr. (Bur. Ent. 67, pp. 145, pi. 1, figs. 7). — Among other papers the follo\N-ing may be noted: (a) That by H. E. Hodgkiss on aphid eggs on apples (pp. 2-30). (b) That on the pear blister mite on apple leaves by P. J. Parrott (pp. 43-46). (c) Those on the codling moth by A. F. Burgess and E. D. Ball (pp. 53-55 and pp. 55-75). (d) That by B. H. Walden on new saw-fly injurious to peach leaves (pp. 85, 86). (e) That by E. P. Taylor on the Howard scale (pp. 87-93). (f) That by W. E. Collinge (pp. 119-123) on the eradication of the black currant gall mite. 57. Notes on insect, fungus, and other pests, R. S. Macdougall (Jour. Bd. Agr. (London) 14 (1907), No. 5, pp. 290-300).— Includes an account of Cetoni-a aurata and Harpalus ruficornis as injurious to strawberries. 58. Report of the Zoologist, 1906, C. Warberton (Jour. Roy. Agr. Soc. England, 67 (1906), pp. 267-281, figs. 16). — Remedies given for hicuruaria capitella on currants, and for the pear midge. 59. Evidence of the entomologist and botanist before the select standing committee on agriculture and colonization, 1906-7, J. Fletcher (Ottawa: Govt. 1907, pp. 113-140). — Prevalence of and remedies for the following in- sects: San Jose scale, apple maggot, plum eurculio, etc. 60. Entomological notes, C. W. Howard and G. Peringuey (Rhodesian Agr. Jour., 4 (1907), No. 5, pp. 471-482). — The habits and means of eon- trolling fruit flies are briefly outlined. 61. On the life history, habits, and economic relations of the white grubs and May beetles, S. A. Forbes (Illinois Sta., Champaign, Bui. 116, pp. 447- 480). — Includes a note of May beetles. 62. Codling moth investigations during 1903 and 1904, F. Garcia (New Mexico Sta. Agricultural College, Bui. 65, pp. 29, dgms. 3). — And account of the different broods. 63. The codling moth in eastern Washington, A. L. Melander and E. L.^ Jenne (Washington Sta., Pullman, Bui. 81, pp. 24, figs. 7). — Treatment dis- cussed. 168 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWEXTY-FOURTH CONVENTION 6-1. TTie more important Alerodidae infesting economic plants, with de- scription of a new species infesting the orange, A. L. Quaintanee (U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 12, Tech. Ser., pt. 5, pp. 89-94, pi. 1, figs. 2).— Mention made of species on orange, cocoanut, custard apple, strawberry, Rubus, cur- rant, peach, plum, fig, etc. ■ 65. The scale insects of fruit trees, J. P. Bounhoil (Ecole Agr. Alger. Maison-Carree, Inform. Agr. Bui. 3, pp. 16, pis. 2). — Life histories of various species given and preparation of sprays discussed. 66. The San Jose scale and remedies, F. Sherman, Jr. (Bui. N. C. Dept. Agr., West Ealeigh, 28 (1907), No. 5, pp. 62, figs. 15).— Life history, his- tory in North Carolina, and a list of food plants given. Treatment discussed. 67. The San Jose scale in North Carolina, F. Sherman, Jr. (Bui. N. C. Dept. Agr., West Ealeigh, 28 (1907), No. 6, pp. 18, figs. 2).— A detailed statement of the distribution of this insect in North Carolina. 68. The fruit maggot fly pests, G. Quinn (Jour. Dept. Agr. So. Aust., 10 (1907), No. 11, pp. 701-710, figs. 14). — The habits of various species discussed; treatment discussed. 69. The fruit fly, C. P. Lounsbury (Agr. Jour. Cape of Good Hope, 31 (1907), No. 2, pp. 186-187).— Treatment discussed. 70. Combating the olive fly, P. Marchal (Bui. Mens. Off. Eenseig. Agr. (Paris) 6 (1907), No. 8, pp. 927-931).— Treatment discussed. 71. Experiments in the treatment of grape vines for phylloxera, P. C. Westre (Eev. Agr. Vit. et Hort. 1907, Nos. 77, pp. 169-172; 78, pp. 178-182; 80, pp. 213-219; 81, pp. 230-235, figs. 6). — Symptoms of infestation and dam- age caused by the pest. Treatment given. 72. Two unusual grape pests, V. Mayet (Prog. Agr. et vit. (Ed. PEst) 28 (1907), No. 40, pp. 400-403, pi. 1). — Psyche graminella and Agelastica alni reported attacking grapes. Habits and life histories given. 73. Eeport of the entomologist, E. W. Berger (Florida Sta., Lake City, Eep. 1907, pp. 30-42, pis. 2). — Eesults of work on the white flies affecting oranges discussed. Notes also given on orange chionaspis, white peach scale, West Indian scale, mealy bugs, plant lice, etc. 74. Eeport of the entomologist, J. B. Smith (New Jersey Sta., New Brunswick, Ept. 1906, pp. 515-609, pis. 15, figs. 18).— Observations and dis- cussions on the San Jose, oyster-shell and scurfy scales and the peach soft scale, plum curculio, apple-tree borer, pear-leaf blister mite, pear psylla, rose * chafer, grape galls, plant lice, etc. Eemedies considered to a considerable extent. SOCIETY OF AMEEICAN FLORISTS 169 75. The codling moth, E. S. Woglum (N. C. Dept. Agr., West Ealeigh, Ent. Circ. 20, pp. 16, figs. 7). — Treatment discussed. 76. Fruit fly (Jour. Dept. Agr. So. Aust., 10 (1907) No. 12, pp. 869-870). — A copy of the regulation enforced by South Australia against the importa- tion of trees, plants and fruits from countries infested with the fruit fly. 77. New experience with the olive fly, A. Berlese (Coltivatore, 53 (1907), No. 42, pp. 487-490). — Eemedy given. 78. Effective of low temperature on almond pests, DeLouerdo (Bui. Soc. Nat. Agr. France, 67 (1907), No. 7, pp. 587-589). — Eesults of experiments on Paralipsa gularis and Plodia interpunctella, which are injurious to stored almonds. 79. Insect notes for 1907, Edith M. Patch (Maine Sta., Orono, Bui. 148, pp. 261-282, pis. 3). — Includes biological and economic notes on the forest tent caterpillar, apple-tree tent caterpillar, cherry tree tortrix, strawberry weevil, rose chafers and various other insects. 80. The melon louse, A. F. Conradi (Gulf. Coast Mag., College Station, Texas, 3 (1907), No. 1, pp. 47-53, figs. 6). — Damage described, treatment given and parasites considered. 81. Some items of information for orchardists and fruit growers rela- tive to certain dangerously injurious insects and diseases, G. G. Atwood (N. Y. Dept. Agr., Albany, Bur. Hort. Insp. Bui. 1, pp. 20, pis. 48).— For the guidance of fruit growers directions are given for the preparation of certain insecticides and fungicides for San Jose scale, the grape root worm and many fungi. 82. The apple maggot or railroad worm, C. E. Hood (Mass. Sta., Am- herst, Circ. 3, pp. 3, figs. 2). — Life history outlined and remedies suggested. 83. The lecaniums or soft scales, C. E. Hood (Mass. Sta., Amherst, Circ. 6, pp. 3). — ^Brief biological and economic notes on apricot scale. New York plum scale, terrapin scale, etc. 84. The San Jose scale, H. A. Surface (Zool. Bui. Penn. Dept. Agr., Harrisburg, 5 (1907), No. 6, pp. 171-200, pis. 4). — A brief general account of the insect, including a list of the food plants. 85. The scale insects of the date palm, T. D. A. Cockerell (Ariz., Tucson, Sta. Bui. 56, pp. 183-192, pis. 5). — Diseases, their history, habits, natural enemies and distribution. 86. The extermination of the date palm scales, E. H. Forbes (Ariz., Tuc- son, Sta. Bui. 56, pp. 193-207, figs. 5). — Treatment discussed. 170 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION 87. Diaspis pentagonia, D. cavassa (Ann. Uffie. Prov. Agr. Bologna, 13 (1906), pp. 62-70). — Attention called to the insect and strict measures urged for its control. 88. Insects injurious to the vine in California, H. J. Quayle (California Sta. Bui., Berkeley, 192, pp. 99-140, figs. 24). — A general account, with a dis- cussion of the remedies for the more important ones. 89. Directions for treatment of insect pests and plant diseases, E. D. Sanderson (Ept. Bd. Agr. (N. H., Durham), 29 (1905-6), pp. 151-175).— Treatment of orchard fruits, shade trees, gardens, greenhouse crops, etc., for the control of insect pests and fungous diseases discussed. 90. Export of nursery inspector, E. D. Sanderson (Ept. Bd. Agr. (N. H., Durham), 29 (1907), pp. 287-294). — Three nurseries inspected. A report on conditions found and as to the status of the gypsy and brown-tail moths. 91. Nursery and orchard inspection, Economic entomology, H. A. Sur- face (Zool. Bui. Penn. Dept. Agr., Harrisburg, 5 (1907), No. 4, pp. 97-128, pis. 2). — A general account of various subjects. 92. — The excessive abundance of apple moths, G. Korff (Prakt. Bl. Pflan- zenbau u. Schutz. n. ser., 5 (1907), No. 10, pp. 112-116). — Simuethis pariana, a note on its great abundance during the year with suggestions for treatment. 93. Papers on deciduous fruit insects and insecticides. The lesser apple worm, A. L. Quaintance (U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 68, pt. 5, pp. 49-60, pi. 1, fig. 1). — Enarmonia prunivora. An account of the injury caused by it; history, distribution, life history, habits and remedies discussed. 94. The apple-tree tent caterpillar, A. L. Quaintance (U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Circ. 98, pp. 8, figs. 4). — A general discussion. Treatment given. 95. The peach lecauium or terrapin scale, A. B. Gahan (Maryland Sta., College Park, Bui. 123, pp. 153-160, figs. 3). — Distribution discussed. Occurs on peach, plum and other trees. Insect described and notes given on life history and natural enemies. Treatment discussed. 96. The San Jose scale, A. F. Conradi (South Carolina Sta., Clunson, Bui. 134, pp. 20, figs. 12). — A general account, including a list of food plants. 97. Spraying for San Jose scale, T. B. Symons and G. P. Weldon (Mary- land Sta. Bui., College Park, 123, pp. 139-152, figs. 2).— A general account, with results of experiments. 98. The use of soluble oils against San Jose scale, W. W. Chase (Ga. Bd. Ent. Circ. 6, pp. 11, figs. 4). — Eesults of insecticide experiments. I SOCIETY OF AMEEICAN FLORISTS 171 99. TTie lime-sulphur Avash, A, L. Melander (Washington Sta,, Pullman, Popular Bui. 2, pp. 4). — General directions. 100. Experiments with Paris green, A. Tullgren and C. G. Dahl (Meddel K. Landtbe. Styr. (Sweden), 1907, No. 6 (125), pp. 45.— The results of va- rious experiments on stone-fruits and different varieties of apples. 101. Spray calendar, W. E. Britton and G. P. Clinton (Conn. State Sta., New Haven, Bui. 159, folio). — The usual thing in this line. 102. Suggestions to those contemplating spraying, F. L. Washburn (Minn. Exp. Sta., St. Anthony Park, Press Bui. 31, pp. 11). — Recipes and directions. 103. Spraying apples (Ohio Exp. Sta,, Wooster, Ohio, Feb., 1908, Bui. 191). — A practical treatise on the subject. 104. Spraying apple trees. Apple orchard pests (Kentucky Exp. Sta., Lexington, Jan., 1908, Bui. 133). — Practical and containing fine illustrations of various insects and especially fine photos and descriptions of the leading diseases to which apple trees are subject. 105. Fall and early winter injuries to orchard trees and shrubbery by freezing (Ohio Exp. Sta., Feb., 1908, Bui. 192). INDEX. Almonds, 46, 78. Apple, 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 13, 16, 17, 20, 23, 27, 36, 37, 38, 42, 47, 50, 51, 52, 55, 56, 59, 62, 63, 74, 75, 79, 82, 92, 93, 94, 100, 103, 104, 105. Apricot, 12, 50, 83. Blackberry, 12. Cherry, 2, 10, 12, 20, 50, 53, 79, 100. Citrus fruits, 29, 41, 60, 64, 68, 69, 73, 76. Cranberry, 12, 30, 40. Custard apple, 64. Currant, 2, 4, 12, 16, 18, 48, 55, 58, 64. Date, 85, 86. Dewberry, 12. Fig, 32, 64. Gooseberry, 12. Grape, 12, 14, 19, 20, 27, 33, 34, 37, 43, 44, 71, 72, 74, 81, 88. Melon, 12, 80. Olive, 11, 25, 26, 35, 45, 70, 77. Peach, 10, 12, 20, 21, 24, 31, 50, 53, 55, 64, 73, 74, 83, 95, 100, 105. Pear, 2, 4, 12, 20, 50, 54, 55, 58, 74. Pepper, 12, 39. Prune, 50, 54, 100. Plum, 2, 12, 20, 21, 47, 48, 53, 54, 59, 64, 74, 83, 95, 100. Quince, 12. Rasp- berry, 12, 18, 57. Strawberry, 5, 12, 18, 36, 61, 79. General and miscella- neous, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 17, 22, 27, 30, 36, 37, 38, 41, 47, 49, 51, 59, 60, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 73, 76, 81, 84, 87, 89, 90, 91, 96, 97, 98, 99, 105. Spray calendar, 15, 28, 101. Spraying suggestions, recipes, etc., 102. FLOWERS. 1. The use of glass vessels in the study of the relations between insects and flowers, F. Plateau (Acad. Roy. Belg., Bui. CI. Sci. 1906, No. 12, pp. 741-775, figs. 2). — Color as a factor in attracting insects apparently less im- portant than usually supposed. 172 PKOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION 2. Control of insect pests and diseases of Maryland, College Park. (See No. 12 on fruits.) 3. Insects injurious to roses, A. L. Clement (Jour. Soc. Nat. Hort., France, 4 ser., 8 (1907), pp. 160-165). — Melolontha vulgaris, earwigs, Athalia rosarum, Panonia minor, Typlilocyba rosae, etc., discussed and treatment given for the latter. 4. See 74 on fruits. Eose. 5. A mite accompanying the bud rot of carnations, E. H. Wolcott (Ne- braska Sta., Lincoln, Bui. 103, pp. 25-31, pis. 2). — A new species of mite de- scribed as Pediculoides dianthopJiilus. It helps distribute the fungus which causes bud rot. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 173 REPORT OF THE BOTANIST PROF. L. H. PAMMEL, AMES, IOWA. BREEDING. The subject of breeding is one of great interest to the gardener, orna- mental horticulturist, and florist, especially because of the constant produc- tion of new and superior types of plants. In recent years we have had considerable activity along the line of breed- ing. I need only recall here the book by Dr. Hugo De Vries ^ on mutations, fthich was a truly epoch making work covering in an exhaustive manner the production of new forms by these sudden variations; the work by Bateson;^ the papers by Spillman, and the work by Dr. O. F. Cook^ on mendelism and other methods of descent; Davenport's* Heredity and Mendel's Law; also the paper by Cook,'^ the very excellent work of Dr. Bailey ^ on plant breeding, this excellent treatise takes up a large number of cultivated plants and the subject of hybridization, evolution, and variability of plants, besides a very excellent bibliography; t"he style of the book is both pleasing and attractive. Two splendid treatises on the subject of plant breeding have recently ap- peared, one by Dr. Eugene Davenport and the work of Dr. Hugo De Vries. These should be in the hands of every plant breeder and those who are in- terested in the work df the improvement of plants. The book of Dr. Daven- port's is quite exhaustive in setting forth the principles that underlie the sub- ject, and Dr. De Vries in a very interesting way discusses the subject of breeding especially as followed out by such practical men as Luther Burbank, of California, and the Svalof method of Sweden. 1 Species and varieties ; their origin by mutations. 2 Mendel's Principles of Heredity ; A Defense. ' 3 Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 9:189. *Vroc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 9 :179. = Populai- Science Monthly, 63 :225. 6 Plant Breeding, Being Six Lectures Upon the Amelioration of Domestic Plants. 4th Ed. Macmillan & Co. 174 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Principles of Bbeeding. — Dr. Eugene Davenport ' has done breeders an excellent service in bringing together the scattered literature on the sub- ject of breeding. While the subject treats primarily of animal breeding, there is a great deal that pertains to plants. The book is divided up into four parts, as follows: Part I. Variation. Part II. Causes of Variation. Part III. Transmission. Part IV. Practical Problems, with an appendix on the mathematics in- volved by Dr. H. L. Rietz. Thremmatology as the sub title indicates, covers the principles and prac- tices concerned in the improvement of domestic animals and plants; it in- cludes development as well as reproduction. This book should be of special interest to the animal and plant breeder. It discusses the philosophy of the production of new types of plants and animals. The opening chapter deals with the most obvious fact of living beings, variability, as this is the basis of improvement of plants. The individual transmits the characters of the race. In this chapter the author discusses correlated variation, continuous and discontinuous variation. He recognizes four distinct kinds of variation, morphological, substantive, meristic, and functional. He takes up such points as the morphological variation of the mulberry leaf. Substantive variation has reference to the quality. Meristic variation has reference to a deviation in the plan or pattern of an organism. In functional variation he considers the function performed by the organs of plants such as the variation in sugar production of beet or sorghum. The high or low protein and fat produced in plants are illustrations. Chapter six discusses mutation or sudden and distinct departures from the type. Cut leaved varieties of trees, the nectarines on peach trees are cited as mutants. The peloric form of the toad flax and other mutants de- scribed by De Vries are given. Part II. of the work discusses the causes of variation. Chapter VII. considers the mechanism of development and differentiation. Li\ing matter is said to be endowed with a mysterious force called life. The discussion of mitosis is not alwa'ys accurate as applied to plants. This part of the book is not equal to the other chapters. ' Principles of Breeding. A treatise on Thremmatology or the principles and practice involved in the economic Improvement of domesticated animals and plants, 727, 52 f. Ginn & Co. SOCIETY OF AMEEICAN FLORISTS 175 The chapters on transmission, correlation heredity, prepotency and plant breeding, are excellent and fill a splendid place in the American literature on the subject. Plant Breeding. — Prof. Hugo de Vries '^ of the University of Amster- dam has done science and plant breeders an admirable service in bringing this book out. In the preface to the book. Dr. De Vries states that ' ' the method of slow improvement of agricultural varieties by repeated selection is losing its reliability and is being supplanted by the discovery of the high practical value of the elementary species, which may be isolated by a single choice. The appreciation of this principle vnW, no doubt, soon change the whole aspect of agricultural plant breeding. ' ' For those who are not familiar with the larger book of De Vries on mutation, the first chapter gives a short and succinct account. Darwin, as is well known, advanced the principle of natural selection, that many more in- dividuals are born than can survive, and secondly the relation of organisms to their environment. De Vries has brought forth his new theory ' ' Since his time experience and theory have made very manifest progress. Especially the principle of the unit-characters, which is the foundation of the theory of the origin of species by mutation, leads us to the acceptance of saltatory changes or so-called sports as must probably Nature's way of producing new forms. ' ' * ' According to this theory species are not changed into one another, but new forms arise laterally from the old stems. The whole strain continues unchanged and only produces from time to time single aberrant individuals. These are the real sources of all progress, and experience has shown, that in the main their new characters are hereditary, and that their progeny remains true to their new types even from its first appearance." He discusses at some length the success of Nilsson's discovery of the use of unit characters in the development of new forms at the Swedish Experi- ment Station in Svalof, Sweden. ''Therefore Nilsson's principle for all breeding purposes is now to de- rive his strains for single mother plants. Only such strains give pure breeds. A second discovery made at Svalof, and equally valuable for practice and for science, was that of the almost astonishing richness in elementary species among our agricultural crops. Every cultivated species seems to embrace something like a hundred of them, and the cereals w^ere found to include even several hundreds in each of the older species." * Plant Breeding Comments on the experiments of Nilsson and Burbank. The Open Court Publishing Co., Chicago, 360. 115 f. 1907. 176 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION De Vries illustrates the production of a new form of corn-marigold. ' ' The double variety of the corn-marigold (Chrysanthemum segetum) arose in my garden in a culture in which I was increasing the number of the ray-florets by continuous selection. During four years I had succeeded in increasing this number to about sixty on each head, starting from the cultivated variety, with an average of twenty-one. All the ray-florets, however, belonged to the outer rows of the heads, as in the original variety. At once a plant arose which produced some few ligulate florets in the midst of the disc. This indi- cated the production of a double race. When the seeds of this mutating in- dividual were sown, the next year, they yielded a uniformly double group; and from this time the new variety remained constant." Chapter III. deals with corn breeding which is of less interest to the ornamental horticulturist and florist, but of great value to the farmer. The discussion is admirable. The fourth chapter deals with the work of Luther Burbank. What Bur- bank has done with the Shasta Daisy is well known. Many plants have been improved by him, but we will select the Heuchera. ' ' Tlie Heuchera may be cited as a parallel with the Shasta daisy, though their culture is only in its beginning. The garden species of this genus, Heuchera sanguinea, has long but slight spikes of small bright flowers of a blood red color. It is not a very striking plant, making beautiful tufts only by very successful culture. It affords a promising material for amelioration, but unfortunately, its wild congeners are very inconspicuous plants with pale greenish or small white flowers. Burbank, however, discovered, on one of his excursions through the Californian forests, a local variety of the common Heuchera micrantha. This is a nice little plant, growing abundantly along the rivulets in the woods. He' found a plant with crisped leaves and decided to combine this most beautiful form of the foliage with the red blossoms of the garden species. He transferred the plant to his garden, crossed it, and, at the time of my first visit, had thousands of young seedlings, among which he selected those which by the curled form and brownish color of their first leaves already indicated the success of his combination." Some of the new forms brought out by Burbank are mutants. In chapter V. he discusses the association of characters in plant breeding. Bulbs of a hyacinth may seem to the layman to be all alike, but a breeder is often able to distinguish varieties by their size, form and shape. De Vries says : ' ' The mechanism of an organism consist of numerous parts which are more or less exactly fitted to one another. Nearly all of them are dependent on some others in their development, some profiting by the preponderance of these and others being restricted thereby. Moreover they are governed by SOCIETY OF AMEEICAN FLOEISTS 177 the outer conditions of life and these influences change some of them in the same direction and others in an opposite one. Thus we come to the con- ception of a general interdependeney of all parts, organs, and qualities of an organism. They are governed more or less by the same laws which cause them to undergo corresponding changes when subjected to the same in- fluences. ' ' This work of De Vries should open up a wide field for investigation, and should be in the hands of every practical breeder. Seed Selection. — C. T. Druery in Gardener's Chronicle, commenting upon the seeds and seedlings and the fact that so many plants from ordinary seed are so poor, says that they are indiscriminately collected, but if skill is used in selection seed can be obtained which will reproduce the parent type with little or no tendency to variation. The amateur often sows too thickly, nature avoids thick sowing by the means she has of spreading the seed. "All the Composites send their seeds far and widej the Balsam tribe and the Woodsorrel are types which shoot their seeds yards away from the parent. The result, as we see by chance-soAvn plants in our gardens, is such a measure of robustness which is rarely seen in plants raised from seeds sown by the packet in a limited area. ' ' Improvement of the Raspberry. — Attention should be called to the paper of Prof. N. E. Hansen'' of the Brookings, South Dakota Experiment Station. He gives an account of the breeding of hardy raspberries for the northwest, in which he makes the statement that the variety commonly culti- vated in the northwest is too tender for that region and that the European varieties and those of eastern ancestry are not sufliciently hardy for the north- west. He makes the statement that ''This is another instance of De Can- dolle's law that wild Moody plants have not advanced one hundred miles north of their natural limits within historic times. But as raspberries of the same species are found indigenous far northwestward, it is quite evident that Nature has accomplished the task of adapting the raspberry to a colder and drier climate. But how many thousand years has she taken to do this work?" In addition to a discussion of the principle underlying the breeding of raspberries, he takes up the classification of the same. Wild Plant Hybrids. — Dr. D. T. MacDougal " estimates that 0.5 per cent of our wild plants are involved in the production of hybrid plants which have been used for cultural purposes, like the Bartram Oak and the Soulard Crab. Heredity and Environment. — Dr. D. T. MacDougal discussed before the recent meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of 9 S. Dak. Agri. Expt. Sta. Bull. 104. ^0 Bot. Gazette, 43 :45. 178 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Science the subject of heredity and the influence of stimulative substances upon the development of the germ-plasm. He began experiments with Rai- mannia in 1905 when it was discovered that the injection of various solutions into the ovaries of this plant was followed by the production of seeds bearing qualities not found in the parent, and that this was fully transmissible in succeeding generations. He also made experiments with the common evening primrose (Oenothera biennis). He used for this purpose zinc sulphate and the seed produced a plant which differed in a very marked way from the parental form. He experimented also with other plants, such as Oimntia, Cereiis, Mentzelia, Arge- mone, etc., using solutions such as calcium nitrate, potassium iodide, zinc sulphate, and methyl-blue in proportions varying from 1 in 250 to 1 in 50,000 parts of distilled water. In the case of Cereus, in which the coloring matter was used, the material was readily absorbed by the lining wall of the cavity of the ovary, then being conveyed to the style. In general the writer concludes as follows: ' ' Various agencies experimentally applied in such manner as to affect the germ-plasm only have caused the origin of forms bearing fully trans- missible qualities not presented by the parental type. The new characters have been found to be fully heritable, and the induced forms do not always hybridize with the older types. ' ' Hybrid Potatoes. — At a meeting of the Linnean Society on February 20, Mr, Arthur W. Sutton ^- gave an interesting paper on the origin of the potato, with a large number of illustrations, part of these are reproduced in the Gardeners' Chronicle. It is thought by Mr. Sutton that the Solaimm etuberosum is the nearest approach of a wild species to S. tuberosum. The former species, when cultivated, produced at first small tubers. In the wild form they were small, but they h?ve attained a marked size during the last twenty years. This form cultivatt d, like other species of the genus, namely, the *S'. tuberosum, is remarkably sVy with regard to the production of seed. The pollen grains of the different varieties and hybrids are different. But the most interesting work in connection with the crossing and hybridising of etuberosum to S. tuberosum, ''is that in it we have a promise of the attain- ment of the primary object of the research suggested by Lord Cathcart and commenced by J. G. Baker, viz., the production of a really disease-resisting potato. For 20 years S. etuberosum has been grown in experimental grounds at Reading, surrounded for comparison by varieties of the potato of com- merce, many of which season after season have been more or less subject to the disease Phytopthora infestans. Despite this, there has never been the 12 Gardeners' Cbronicle. Ill, 43:154. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 179 least sign of this disease cither on haulm or tuber of S. etuherosum, so that a score of years of cultivation have failed to affect its resistance to the pest. ' ' Graft Hybrids. — Hildebrand," in an article on the attempts to produce graft hybrids with Oxalis crassicaulis, describes what may be a graft hybrid produced by inserting the ' ' eyes ' ' of bulbs of one color into the bulbs of another color, or he divided young shoots of different colors and united them. In most cases he did not succeed in obtaining a union nor in obtaining a mixture of the two colors. In one case he was surprised to obtain a bulb which had both colors. This bulb he took to be a' graft hybrid, but unfortu- nately the bulb rotted and further studies were prevented. Other attempts have since been made but without success. He thinks, however, that graft hybrids are probable. A Clover Mutant. — Dr. A. B. Jackson," of the Kew Gardens, gives a brief account of a new hairy American clover by Harz. This red clover is» (Trifolium pratense, var. americanum, Harz.) This clover differs essentially from the other clover in being more robust in habit, *'a foot or more high, and having the stems clothed with spreading not appressed pubescence. No doubt of American origin and only found here in naturalized condition. Harz points out that large quantities of the seed of this American form are sown in Germany, and I am informed by Messrs. Sutton that it is cultivated to some extent in this country. They state, however, that, while in special cases it may prove very luxuriant, yet its height and vigor differ with soil and climate, and they have not found it to be any more productive than other strains. It seems, too, to be affected by variations of temperature and on account of this susceptibility is not strongly recommended as a fodder plant." This is a singular incident of how plants have adapted themselves to new conditions when grown in this country, because red clover was certainly in- troduced from Europe. Mendelian Inheritance. — Dr. George H. Shull,'' who has given much attention to the subject of hybridization, reports on some interesting experi- ments made with different plants. * ' The common garden sunflower exists in two forms with respect to branching. One of these has a single large head borne on an unbranched stem, the other has a number of strong branches which ascend strongly till they reach nearly the same height as the central axis. The branching is shown to be a Mendelian character, dominating completely over the simple- stemmed type. The garden sunflower differs from the wild Helianthus annuus in the color of the disk, the former having a yellow disk, the latter a deep " Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 26a :19. " Royal Bot. Gardens, Kew. Bull, of Miscellaneous Information. No. 3. 1908 : 125. " Science. N. S. 27 :206. 180 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION purple disk. The disk color likewise constitutes a Mendelian pair with the purple disk dominating the yellow." "In Lychnis dioica, purple and white flowers are shown by a large series of crosses to be a Mendelian pair with purple dominant over white. A large number of families of the composition D R X R showed a range of variation in the number of purple-flowered offspring from 30 per cent to 65 per cent in the different families, and when these percentages were seriated they pre- sented a nearly normal variation curve, showing that the assumption that the unlike gametes unite according to the laws of chance is correct. • The usual statement that 50 per cent purple is to be expected in such cases is inaccurate, for according to the law of chance the 50 per cent ratio can be properly expected only when the number of observations is infinite. When a normal curve is formed with the mean approximating 50 per cent within the limits of probable error every proper expectation has been fulfilled." "Both Helianthus annuiis and Lychnis dioica are incapable of self-fertiliza- tion, and the occurrence of these cases of typical Mendelian inheritance shows that self-fertilization bears no relation to this type of inheritance, though it was first discovered in a self-fertilizing species." ''In Verhasciim hlattaria, two forms occur, one with bright yellow flowers, the other with pale, cream-colored flowers, almost white. These forms con- stitute a Mendelian pair with the yellow dominant over the pale-flowered form. Tliis differs from the behavior of yellow flower color in Matthiola (stocks) and Folemonium, in which the white has been shown by Bateson and Correns to be dominant over yellow. The yellow of Verhascuni proves to be a sap color, while that of Matthiola and probably that of Folemonium also are a plastid color, thus showing that Bateson 's classification of the color of Matthiola on this basis is probably fundamentally correct." Mendelism. — Dr. O. F. Cook " in a paper of much interest discusses Mendelism and other lines of descent. He says: ''A typical experiment in Mendelism, instead of involving two successive crosses or conjugations of gametes, includes only one such cross. The so-called first generation is built 'up by the vegetative subdivisions of the gamete parents, before conjugation is completed. The so-called second generation represents the first organisms produced after the completion of the conjugation of the gamete parents.' Mendelian Inheritance in Sunflowers. — Dr. George Harrison ShuU " found a purple disk in some of the sunflowers which proved a Mendelian char- acter. All of the wild sunflowers have a dark purple disk, while the Russian sunflower has a yellowish disk. The Russian sunflower is not self -fertilized. " Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 9 :189. "Bot. Gazette, 45:3 03. SOCIETY OF AMEEICAN FLOEISTS 181 ' ' The cross made during the summer of 1905 between the purple-disked wild sunflower and the yellow-disked, branched, garden sunflower, produced in 1906 a progeny (05153) consisting of 26 with purple disks and 27 with yel- low disks; when I would have expected all purple on the assumption that both parents were pure-bred and purple dominant over non-purple, as has been the general experience with the purple color-character in other plants. The conclusion reached Avas that either the purple disk is not a Mendelian character or the purple parent was a D R instead of a pure-bred purple. As yellow disks have not appeared among my cultures of wild sunflowers during three years, the assumption that the one plant which I used for the cross was itself a hybrid seemed very unlikely, and the probability that this strictly alternative character was not behaving according to Mendelian expectation led me to watch the culture the following season (1907) with the greatest interest. Five Fo families were raised, two reciprocal families of purple by purple, repre- senting the hypothetical cross DE X DE; two reciprocal families between purple and yellow, representing the cross DE X R; and one family of yellow by yellow, representing the cross R X E." REPOET OF THE AMEEICAN BEEEDEES' ASSOCIATION. These admirable reports contain a great deal of useful information, not only along the lines of animal breeding but plant breeding as well. The last volume, which came some time during the fall, contained articles under the following heads: ''Breeding of Sugar Beets for Increase of Sugar Content and Yield," by J. W. Tracy; ''Corn Breeding and Eegistration, " by C. G. Williams; "Breeding Cereals," by L. S. Klinck; "The Chromosome in the Transmission of Hereditary Characters, ' ' by Prof. J. W. Spillman ; ' ' The Breeding of Nut and Other Forest Trees," by G. B. Sudworth, A. D. Hopkins, J. W. Toumey and Dr. Von Schrenck. NOTES ON PLANTS FOE CULTR^ATION. DoQ Tooth Violets. — In the Gardeners' Chronicle" there are figures and descriptions of several species of Erythronium. These should prove par- ticularly desirable for cultivation, especially the Pacific coast species, E. Hart- wegii and E. Sendersonii. According to the writer in the Gardeners' Chronicle they do admirably under cultivation. Ornamental Plants Becoming Weedy. — The Bright Star of Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umhellatum), according to H. Stuart Thompson'^, is a trouble- some weed in the French Eiviera country. It is a well-known cultivated plant in English gardens. The same has become a well-known troublesome " Gardeners' Chronicle. III. 43 :212. " Gardeners' Chronicle. III. 43 :193. 182 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOUETH CONTENTION . weed in Kentucky and Tennessee. Thus in the French Riviera country among the weeds of cultivation is the rare Spiked Fumitory ''and the exquisite Oxalis cernua with its large lemon-yellow-colored flowers which only open in bright sunshine. This is a Cape plant, which has established itself throughout the Mediterranean shores, and it is believed that it was introduced into Europe by two monks at Malta a century ago, for they transplanted two pots of the plant into their garden, whence it spread to Corsica and the shores of France. The leaves resemble those of Clover, just as do the leaves of our own Wood Sorrel, and for this reason it may have been seeded down as a very poor substitute for clover in some of the public gardens on the Riviera, such as the Jardins Denis at Hyeres. We have similar illustrations of plants becoming weedy in this country, like the Pontederia crassipes, which has become so troublesome in Florida; the escape of the Bastard Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris), and the escape of the Sacred Lily of the Nile (Nelumhium speciosum) . Ornamental Evergreens for the South Dakota Country. — Prof. N. E. Hansen^ in an interesting illustrated bulletin discusses the more important evergreens adapted to South Dakota. Among the pines that are most recom- mended for general planting are the black pine (Pinus ponderosa, var. scopu- lorum) and the Jack Pine {Pinus divaricata) . The white pine is not safe for the region of South Dakota. The Austrian pine {Pinus Laricio, var. Austriaca) and the following spruces are desirable for South Dakota, white spruce, Black Hills spruce, the Colorado spruces, black spruce, Douglas spruce, and the red cedar, especially the form known as the Silver cedar. Ornamental Evergreens for Iowa. — Professors A. T. Erwin and H. P. Baker,^ in a bulletin on the subject of Evergreens for the Iowa planter, give the more important species adapted to the state, and among those listed as valuable are the white pine of Norway, jack pine, bull pine," Austrian pine, dwarf mountain pine. Black Hills spruce, black spruce, Douglas fir, and white fij*. NOMENCLATURE. At a recent meeting of the American Botanical Society there were papers by Dr. Britton, Dr. J. C. Arthur, Dr. C. E. Bessey, and Dr. Cowles, on the question of species. These papers are interesting as showing the tendency to curtail the number of new species that are made by botanists. So far as the horticulturists and ornamental horticulturists are concerned, there is no doubt that the making of new species has been carried too far and it is fortunate that a tendency to reduce species, father than multiply them, is beginning to be recognized. The remarks of Dr. Bessey in this regard, therefore, are » S. Dak. Agrl. Expt. Sta. Bull. 102. » Iowa Agrl. Expt. Sta. Bull. 90. SOCIETY OF AMEEICAN FLOEISTS 183 quite significant and one is tempted to disagree with Dr. Sargent in regard to the species of Crataegus. No doubt no one has done more serviceable work in this country than Dr. Sargent, of Harvard University, but it is simply impossible for ordinary persons to recognize our species. Of this genus an English writer in Gardeners' Chronicle says: ''When we remember that all these come from a portion of one state, and that among them only three names familiar to cultivators occur, namely, punctata, mollis, and tomentosa, it is evident that Michigan is extraordinarily rich in Crataegus not known in gardens. Whilst this is undoubtedly the case, one is inclined to wonder whether American botanists are not splitting up their material rather finely — in other words, creating several species where one would serve. For our part we suspect they are doing what British botan- ists have done with our native Eubi. The latter have founded species on such trivial characters or combinations of characters that the study of Bram- bles on their lines is hopeless for students of ordinary opportunities. They have brought matters to such a pass that there are, perhaps, three people in the country who can profess to know Eubi thoroughly." Alfalfa. — The Botanical History and Classification of Alfalfa, by Carl S. Scofield,^ discusses the botanical history of alfalfa and adopts the name of Medica sativa. There may be good reasons why the name should be changed, but in my judgment, as the name Medicago sativa has become fixed in our literature, it would be best to retain it. DISEASES OF PLANTS. Mr. Wm. Fyfe^ discusses, in the Gardeners' Chronicle, the causes of the leaf curl of the peach and nectarine, probably due to the changeable external atmosphere. In an experiment conducted with peach and nectarine in the open this disease is always prevalent, but when covered with glass the disease entirely disappears. Prof. E. S. Salmon-* describes the so-called red rust of the cherry (Exoascus minor) due to the perennial mycelium. This hibernates in the bud of the cherry and then in the spring goes forth into the young leaves. BuD-EoT OF Carnations. — Much trouble has been occasioned in places in regard to a bud-rot. Prof. F. D. Heald,-' of the University of Nebraska, says; ' * The bud-rot of carnations is a new disease which has only been prevalent in Nebraska and a number of other states during the past few years. The disease has been proved by the writer to be due to a definite species of fungus, 22 U. S. Dept. of Agri., Bur. of Flant Industry, Bull. 131, Part III. 23 Gardeners' Chronicle. III. 4.3:100. 2* Gardeners' Chronicle. III. 43 :100. » Science N. S. 27 :211. 184 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Sporotrichum antliophilum Peck, -uliich has associated witli it a new species of mite, Pediculoides diantliopMlus Wolcott, as a constant accompaniment. The disease affects the buds in various stages of maturity and produces a rotting of the petals and other flower parts, at least the parts enclosed by the calyx, thus interfering with the normal opening of the flower. The dis- ease has therefore been termed the ' bud-rot ' of the carnation. ' ' Celery Eoot Eot. — Mr. J. M. Van Hook-" describes a serious root-rot of celery which is characterized by a decay of the main roots, leaving only the crown. The remaining portion of the root is black or brown in color. The decay of the root is usually complete. The trouble is in part due to a fungus Bhkoctonia which was found on many roots. It is more troublesome on low grounds, such as are poorly drained, and this may be the primary cause, the Rhizoctonia appearing later. Chrysanthemum Ray Blight. — Dr. F. L. Stevens" describes a Chrys- anthemum Ray Blight, which is common and destructive in North Carolina, particularly on the Golden Wedding and Nellie Pockett varieties. The fungus is known as Ascocliyta Chrysanthemi. The fungus was isolated and cultivated in nutrient media and then healthy plants were inoculated from which this fungus was recovered. The disease is most conspicuous in the flower clusters, which it usually attacks on one side. The affected blossoms turn straw color or brownish, cease to develop, and wither, the discoloration proceeding from the base toward the top of each individual flower. If the plant is attacked while young no flowers may be produced. The receptacle turns black and the flower stem may also be blackened. Canker of Rhododendron. — Dr. H. Von Schrenck-^ has observed cankers for a number of years on Bhododendron maximum. These cankers appear in the form of large swellings of irregular shape. A large Rhododendron may have anywhere from one to forty or fifty cankers, sometimes two or three on a branch. These pathological lesions are not produced by insects or fungi. These cankers always originate around a small dead branch. It is an attempt on the part of the plant to heal over a dead branch or stub. DISEASES OF INDIA RUBBER PLANT. The diseases of plants seem to keep pace with the cultivation of our economic plants. Up to the present time comparatively few fungus diseases have been found on the India Rubber Plant (Ficus elastica) as cultivated in greenhouses. In Java and other places where the plant has been cultivated a number of new plants to the fungus flora have been added. Dr. S. H. » Rep. Mo. Bot. Garden, 18 :77. 20 Circ. Ohio Agri. Expt. Sta. 72. "Bot. Gazette. 44:243. f. 15. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 185 Kooders^® calls attention to 65 parasitic fungi found on the plant. Some of the diseases, like the facultative parasite CollcctotricJium Ficus, which sometimes attacks the leaves, causing them to drop, may be entirely prevented by careful cultural methods. The perfect form of the fungus Neosimmer- mannia elasticce is saprophytic on the dead leaves, which should be removed. Brown Rot.— Mr. W. M. Scott,'" of the United States Department of Agriculture, in a discussion of the subject of the brown rot, concludes from the exhaustive experiments made by Mr. F. W. Faurot, that this disease, which sometimes occurs upon the flowering shoots of some of our ornamental plants and upon stored fruit of many kinds, may be treated with lime and sulphur with favorable results. He says : ' ' As to the brown rot, this disease certainly yielded to the treatment, especially plots 1 and 2, where 90 per cent of the crop came through in a sound condition. However, this is the result of only one season's work and we cannot, therefore, recommend the treatment with full confidence. At least one more year's work will be necessary to definitely determine the value of the mixture for the treatment of this disease. Disease of the Chestnut. — The chestnut industry in many parts of the country is a somewhat important one. On Long Island and elsewhere in the east a disease of the bark caused by a fungus known as Diaporthe para- sitica is doing much injury and spreading rapidly from Vermont to Pennsyl- vania. Mr. Haven Metcalf- discusses this disease in an article on ''The Immunity of the Japanese Chestnut to the Bark Disease." Chestnuts are all subject to the disease except the Japanese variety (Castanea crenata). These plants are particularly immune to the disease and certainly it is a fact of importance to the future of the chestnut culture in this country that this species should be immune. Mr. Metcalf says : ' ' The immunity of the Jap- anese chestnut, together with the fact that it was first introduced and culti- vated on Long Island and in the very locality from which the disease appears to have spread, suggests the interesting hypothesis that the disease was intro- duced from Japan. So far, however, no facts have been adduced to sub- stantiate this view. ' ' Insect and Fungus Enemies of the Grape. — An admirable bulletin of the U. S. Department of Agriculture"^ treats of the insect and fungus enemies of the grape, east of the Rocky Mountains. The paper is by Quaintance and Shear. The more important fungus diseases carefully described were our black rot, downy mildew, powdery mildew, anthracnose, bitter rot, and root rot. and methods of preventing the same were given. Root-Rot of Cotton. — In 1888 and '89 the writer investigated a disease of the dying of cotton in Texas, which affected a large number of ornamental 2» Notizblatt des Konigl. bot. Gartens zu Berlin. Dahlem. 1907 :22. so U. S. Dept. Agri., Address before the American Pomological Society of Nor- folk, Va., Sept. 2.5, 1907. '2 r. S. Dept. Agri. Bureau of Plant Industry. Bull. 121, Part VI. 38 U. S. Dept. Agri. Farmers' Bull. 284. 186 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION plants, especially trees like the China tree, the ash, and maple. The writer determined the cause of this obscure disease at that time. Some very admirable experiments were carried on by Prof. Atkinson. Mr. C. L. Shaw and Geo. F. Miles, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, published the results of some experi- ments in preventing this disease. They recommend deep fall plowing and rotation of crops. The other suggestions made in the bulletin cover nothing new. These facts were brought out nearly twenty years ago in a bulletin published by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. Cranberry Diseases. — Mr. C. L. Shear^* discusses such diseases as blast, scald, rot, anthracnose, and hypertrophy, and other minor diseases of the cranberry. The life history is given of the more important diseases like the scald caused by the fungus Guignardia vaccinii. Literature has been enriched materially by these studies. However, nothing much is added by way of the studies of hypertrophy called Exohasidium. Brown Eot of the Lemon. — Mr. Ealph E. Smith^^ says: "Excessive decay, in curing, transit, and on the market has been the great trouble with the California lemon which has kept it from enjoying the appreciation of its otherwise excellent qualities to which it is properly entitled. The tree is peculiar in that it produces fruit at all seasons of the year, which fruit is not allowed to mature naturally on the tree to normal ripeness and size, but is picked in a green condition on reaching a certain size and then stored for some time (several weeks or months) to cure or ripen. A well-cured lemon does not rot. It can scarcely be made to decay. When the skin has been dried out to the ideal firm texture, thinness and yellow color, under the proper conditions of atmospheric moisture for good curing, the lemon can be kept for months without decaying, until it has completely dried up and mummified. ' ' The brown rot is a parasite causing a ready infection of the green fruit; it is one of the downy mildews and is of particular interest because few of these downy mildews affect trees. The fungus is closely allied to the potato rot fungus. "As it occurs in the form of the white mould seen on affected lemons and causing contact infection, the most important feature of the fungus is the fact that it is entirely sterile, developing no spores of any sort. The fungus in the tissues of the lemon and on the surface consists simply of a mass of filaments of rapid, vigorous growth when supplied with moisture, but no spores. This is a most important fact. In a case like that of the bluemould fungus the surface of affected fruit is covered with a fine dust which is composed of inconceivable numbers of the spores which propagate the organism. The air, the dust, every box, lemon and part of the packing house carries an abundance of these spores to start the growth of the fungus 3» TI S. Dept. Agri. Bureau of Plant Industry. Bull. 110. 35 California Agri. Expt. Sta. Bull. 190. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 187 when favorable conditions occur. Were this so with the brown-rot organism the case would indeed be serious, since the ability of the latter to attack sound fruit is so much greater than that of Penicillium." ' ' The fact has already been mentioned that an affected lemon allowed to lie on the ground soon spreads the fungus to the soil and makes it infectious to sound fruit laid upon the surface. This demonstrates that the fungus is able to live in the soil and cause infection by contact, just as it grows from one lemon to another. It leads further to the supposition that the soil of the orchard must be a breeding place of brown rot, on account of the large number of affected lemons which lie and decay on the ground under the trees. ' ' The bulletin contains admirable suggestions for treating the disease and discusses, in addition, other forms of citrus decay like Sclerotinia. Prof. Smith also describes the California peach blight"^" which is caused by Coryneum beyerinlii. This disease is commonly called in California the peach blight. Prof. Smith says : "So unusually sudden and pronounced have been the effects of the trouble in practically all the peach-growing sections, and so widely have methods of control been demonstrated and urged upon the growlers by agents of the Experiment Station and others, that we have no plant disease in the State which is better known or for which control methods are more generally applied than this. ' ' * ' This disease appears to have been present in the State for some time. Professor Pierce records it as occurring previous to 1900, and some growers recognize the trouble as one with which they have been familiar for a number of years. It was in the spring of 1904, however, that the blight began to attract much attention. The injured condition of many trees at that time was very evident. This was particularly the case in the Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Suisun valleys. A spotting, gumming, and death of the buds and twigs, parlicularJy on the lower part of the trees, appeared in some abundance at that time. The winter of 1905 was a very wet one, and the blight increased greatly that spring. By the middle of February, 1905, it was evident in many places that a fresh infection had taken place and the growers began very generally to see the necessity of finding means of con- trolling this new disease. ' ' "Of the various molds encountered in a study of the diseased tissue, sooty mold and a species of Phyllosticta have been found most constantly in connection with it. The former spreads itself over the surface of the dead spots, often rather soon after infection, forming a single layer of connected cells, which give off bud conidia in the manner characteristic of this cla^s of fungi. The Phyllosticta is found more often on spots which are thoroughly dead and dry, the whole surface being dotted with the small pyenidia, which " California Agri. Expt. Sta. Bull. 191. 188 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOUKTH CONVENTION give off minute, unicellular conidia from short conidiophores. The writer has found no fungus associated with the Coryneum which could readily be con- fused with it as the cause of peach blight." A number of miscellaneous diseases are described by several authors, one by Stevens and Hall,^' others by F. T. Bioletti,^^ W. H. Lawrence,^® P. H. Kolfs,*" and a somewhat exhaustive bulletin by T. J. Burrill" on the Bitter Eot of Apples. Prof. Burrill concludes with reference to the disease: ''The fungus, Glomerella rufomaculans, is the active agent in the apple injury known as bitter rot. It lives over winter in limbeankers and in mummies that have not been much subjected to other rots and this mostly means those that have hung on the trees from the preceding season. Newly formed spores begin to issue as early as the weather conditions permit, sometimes by the 1st of June in south-central Illinois, from cankers and tree-hanging mummies, and they may be produced within one week's time after infection on new fruits. ' ' ''The spray must be used so as to prevent infection; that is, so as to prevent the penetration of the germ-tubes of the spores. This means actual coating of the apples with the germicidal substance before these germ-tubes get started on the fruit; and the formation of cankers can be prevented by similar coating of the limbs. Again, if this could be so effectually done that no fruit or limbs become infected one year, control would be accomplished for the next year as well, save that some cankers contain living fungus through more than one year. Especially in the earlier part of the season a sharp outlook should be kept up for the first fruit infections and prompt removal made. At this time careful search should be made, too, for cankers from which the infection may have been derived and everything, even sus- picious, removed. ' ' SOME SEED WOEK. Latent Seeds. — How long do seeds retain their vitality and what causes seeds to lose their power of germination, are questions that are of interest alike to the horticulturist and scientist. The latent life of seeds has been accounted for by two theories — one that life is completely suspended, and that respiration entirely ceases. The second theory holds that the life processes of the plant metabolism are greatly diminished but never entirely suppressed. Beequerel" has demonstrated the impermeability for gases of the integu- ments for a good many seeds. It appears that the gaseous exchange in seeds " N. Car. Agri. Expt. Sta. Bull. 196. »« Cal. Agri. Expt. Sta.. Berkeley. Bull. 186. « Washington Agri. Expt. Sta. Bull. 83. «« Florida Agri. Expt. Sta. Bull. 91. " 111. Agri. Expt. Sta. Bull. 118. *>Ann. Scl. Nat. Bot., IX, 5:193-320. 1907. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 189 from which the coats were removed was greater than in seeds not decorticated. None of this exchange takes place unless water is present in the protoplasm. Seeds may be preserved a long time, according to this author, in an atmosphere of carbonic acid and nitrogen or a coinplete vacuum. He found the longevity of seeds to be as follows: The seeds of 18 species of the Pulse Family Legu- minosae germinated when 28-87 years old; 3 species of Nelumbium 18 56 years; 1 Lavatera, 64 years, and 1 species Stachys 77 years old. Gola" found that latent germination depended on the impermeability of water. "When the seed coats are intact, they will not be destroyed. They are destroyed, however, when these substances come in contact with substances like ether, chloroform, and alcohol. BeckquereP^ studied the viability of the seeds of 550 species of plants belonging to 30 orders of plants. The age of the seeds varied between 25 and 135 years. The seeds were washed with sterilized water and placed on aseptic cotton, . The seeds of Leguminosae germinated as follows: Acacia bicapsularis from 1819; Cytisus bifloris of 1822; Trifolium arvense of 1838; Ervum lens of 1841; DoUchos fusarius of 1868. Nymphaeacese, 3 species germinated as follows : Nelumbium codophyllum of 1850; N. asperifolium of 1858; N. speciosum of 1888. Of the order Malvaceae, 15 species germinated; Lavateria pseudo-alba ot 1862. None of the grasses germinated, nor did the Juncaceae, Liliaceae, Cheno- podiaceae, Papaveraeeae, Caryophyllaceae, or Cucurbitaceae. Infection or Seeds With Moulds. — Some years ago the writer called attention to the frequent presence of moulds on corn during the process of germination and that this seriously interfered with germination. F, Muth*'' calls attention to the serious impairment of germination of seeds when placed in a damp atmosphere. The tests were made with moist filter paper. It is evident that a test made in the ordinary way without sterilizing the dishes and filter paper will not give a true criterion of germination. The moulds Penicillium glaucum, Fusarium roseum, Aspergillus, Cephalothecium roseum, and Rhizopus nigricans, and bacteria may be attached to the grains, or the bacteria are supplied with the w^ater. ♦' Memolre sur la physiologie des teguments des Graines. Acad. Sci. Turin, 1905. " Compt. rend, de I'Acad. des Sci., 142 :1549. " Jahresbericht der Vereingung fiir Angewandte Botanlk. 1907 :49. 190 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOUBTH CONVENTION TOXIC SALTS ON PLANTS. It is "well known that certain salts act injuriously on plants. Many plants will not thrive in alkali soils. Kearney"'^ says: ' * Prof. O. Loew and his students, in numerous papers dealing with the 'lime magnesia ratio/ have thrown much light upon the effect of calcium salts in neutralizing the poisonous action of salts of magnesium. The physiology of the decrease in toxicity of salts of sodium and magnesium brought about by the presence of a second salt, especially a salt of calcium, in the solution, was discussed by Kearney and Cameron in connection with Loeb's striking results with marine animals. Osterhout has recently investigated this subject from the point of view of Loeb 's conception of a ' physiologically balanced solution' and has shown that marine plants as well as marine animals are very sensitive to pure salt solutions, but thrive in solutions containing a mixture of salts, even when each component is present in an amount that is toxic in pure solution. A mixture of the more important salts present in sea water, each at about the concentration at which it occurs in the sea, was found to be the best medium for the growth of marine algae. ' ' "Great differences exist between different plant species, even when belonging to the same family, in tolerance of pure salt solutions, not only as regards the absolute toxicity of each salt but also as regards the relative order of toxicity of the salts. Of the eight species used in these experiments maize (Zea mays) is, on the whole, the most resistant to pure solutions, and the cotton (Gossypium) the least." ''Seedlings grown from fresh seed are much more resistant than those developed from older seed.'' "The presence of calcium sulphate in excess greatly diminishes the toxicity of the magnesium and sodium salts to all the plants tested, the neu- tralizing effect being greatest in the case of the sulphate of magnesium and least in that of sodium carbonate. ' ' It has been noted in our greenhouses that many of our plants like palms, caladiums, and ferns, do not thrive when water from our deep well is used; the water containing magnesium salts in abundance. Lately the Bureau of Soils of the United States Department of Agriculture has advanced the theory that roots secrete a toxic substance which poisons the soil for par- ticular crops. Prof. King of Wisconsin contends that this theory has not been substantiated. Miss Florence N. Magowan*^ finds from some experiments made with wheat that each of the principal soil bases, sodium, potash, mag- nesium, and calcium, is toxic. Their toxicity is in the following order: Magnesium chloride. Sodium chloride, Potassium chloride, and Calcium chloride. *«U. S. Dept. of Agrl. Bur. riant Ind. Bull. 113. ^7 But. Gazette, 4o :45. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 191 Mr. Oswald Schreiner and Howard S. Reed/** in a paper on the toxic action of certain organic plant constituents, conclude: "If the excretory products mentioned be of the nature of proteids, it is easy to see how beneficial conditions might arise by the continual precipitation of the harmful excretions. In other cases it is possible that the compounds which exert a stimulating action may set up chemical processes which, while not precipitating excretions, nevertheless render them harmless to the plants which produce them." "From this point of view, the stimulation of plant growth by small quantities of toxic agents consists in the removal of deleterious waste products, and the maintenance of a sanitary environment for the growing plant. It is not at all improbable that each of the processes mentioned may act as factors in increasing plant growth at different times and under different conditions. ' ' *8 Rot. Gazette. 45 :73. 192 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOUETH CONVENTION REPORT OF THE PATHOLOGIST Dr. B. M. Duggar, Ithaca, N. Y. SOME FUNGOUS DISEASES OF IMPORTANT FLORICLT.TURAL PLANTS. No extensive general study has been made of the fungous diseases of any great number of plants which are of particular importance from the point of view of the florist. Nevertheless, a considerable number of plants grown for cut flowers or general decorative purposes are subject to a variety of fungous diseases. By this statement it is not meant that floricultural plants are less hardy than field crops or garden vegetables; but it is true that in the florist's establishment plants from a great variety of regions and climates are grown under artificial conditions, frequently forced, and such plants are naturally more or less susceptible to fungous attacks. To the honor of the florist, however, it may be said that his experience and regard for sanitary surroundings, as well as his interest in the work, serve in a large measure to eliminate many of the minor fungous diseases, particularly those which are common when the conditions are unfavorable for the growing plants. Plant pathologists throughout the country have given special attention to a few diseases of some ornamental plants or shrubs, but what is needed is a long-continued study of all the more common diseases of greenhouse and garden flowers. This should be so directed as to increase our knowledge of the life histories of the fungi which produce these diseases, yet the experi- ments should be so conducted as to develop practical methods for stamping out or controlling any disease which may become epidemic. In truck garden and field work it has been possible to depend to a very large extent upon Bordeaux mixture as a fungicide. The florist cannot make use of this prep- aration in the case of general decorative plants, however, and certainly not in the case of plants in blossom. He is then forced, in the majority of instances, to employ those fungicides which do not discolor the foliage and which are for the most part less effective in protecting plants from the disease organisms. A special study of the fungicides with reference to the florist's needs is therefore important. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 193 lu the endeavor to secure novel forms of ornamental plants few producers lay suflScient stress upon the relation of plants to disease. A novel plant is well worth early attention, but if it is peculiarly susceptible to any disease of the species it promptly becomes a commercial failure and a menace to all other forms or varieties of the same plant which may be grown near it. In fact, it is quite safe to say that a variety which is sensitive to a particular disease is, or may be, a means of conveying that disease to a form which is not generally subject to the malady in question. There are relatively very few diseases which attack healthy plants in preference to those which are in some way neglected. All of the conditions conducive to general health, and consequently to resistance toward fungous attacks, may be considered as forming the sanitary environment of the plant. A soil which provides a large amount of organic matter, yet which is deficient in potash, phosphoric acid, or lime, may yield a plant which grows rapidly. It will, however, at the same time encourage fungous diseases in abundance, for the jjlant will possess a weakened resistance, and then a disease seldom observed may become epidemic. The very fact that the florist works with rich soils and to a considerable extent with forced conditions should make him doubly careful of a proper balance of all health-giving factors. To prevent acidity there is needed an abundant supply of organic matter in the soil, an adequate supply of lime, thorough drainage, and aeration. Aeration for the soil and ventilation for the leaves are ordinarily cheap and effective roads to health. It is far easier to prevent the establishment of a disease than to check an epidemic which has once gained headway. In the control of diseases with which the florist has to contend, he should regard the matter in the light of a fire in a populous district, which may be readily extinguished when a single room is ablaze, but which no force is able to repel when once it has gained maddening headway. Applying this principle to plant propagation, one should be most cautious in the selection of plants from the cutting bench or seed bed. A single diseased plant from either source may curtail the profits of a year, or even precipitate an epidemic. We may now proceed to a discussion of the principal fungous diseases affecting the plants of chief interest to the florist. ARBOR VITAE (Thuya occidentaUs) . Anthracnose. — The only important disease which has thus far been reported upon this host is the anthracnose, which has occasionally proved destructive in the nurseries. The fungus has not been carefully studied, but fairly successful experiments toward control have been made with a spray of ammoniacal copper carbonate. This fungicide may be tentatively recom- mended. 194 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOUETH CONVENTION ASPAKAGUS (Asparagus spp.). Damping Off. — The ornamental species of asparagus are, fortunately, very resistant to fungous attacks, not even the dreaded asparagus rust of market gardens being injurious to the ornamental species. Nevertheless, the Asparagus Sprengeri is subject to a kind of damping off, usually occurring when the plants cover the ground or fall over upon the soil, preventing ven- tilation. So far as it has been observed, the fungus concerned in this damping off upon this host is a sterile mycelial stage termed BMsoctonia. This is a fungus which grows vigorously upon decaying organic matter and thrives in an acid soil. A similar fungus will be mentioned later in connection with the car- nation and other plants. Liming is desirable in every case. The fungus is doubtless very widely distributed in garden and green- house soils, since it appears with great regularity as a disease when the con- ditions are more or less unfavorable for the host. It is therefore certain that the fungus is commonly present in the soil growing as a saprophyte. It produces no spores, and spreads from plant to plant by growing through the soil upon the organic constituents. ASTER (China). (CalUstephus hortensis) . Aster Wilt. — There is an important disease of the China aster, known as aster wilt, upon which very little scientific work has been bestowed. The symptoms of the disease are a general stunting of the plant, poor color of the leaves, and deformities of the flowers. In severe attacks there may be wilting and premature death of the host. Some pathologists have ascribed the disease to a species of Fusarium. Fungi of this type are widely distrib- uted in the soil. Moreover, a number of wilt diseases of field crops and garden vegetables are produced by other species of Fusarium, such as the cotton wilt, now a formidable pest in the South; the watermelon wilt, frequently observed in the Eastern states, and the flax wilt, commonly epidemic in the Northwest. Since the fungus exists in the soil, no protective spray treatment is pos- sible. If, however, the fungus has previously been troublesome in the green- house or coldframe, it is practicable to sterilize the soil employed. The source of the seed is important, and every effort should be made to obtain seed from regions in which no such trouble is experienced with asters. BEGONIA (Begonia spp.). Begonias are propagated under a variety of environmental conditions, yet they are not subject to important fungous diseases restricted to these hosts. Leaf cuttings occasionally develop damping-off. This may be due to SOCIETY Oi? AMERICAN FLORISTS 195 Rhizoctonia (See Asparagus) ; but it is perhaps more commonly produced by a species of Botrytis, a fungus which is familiar to the florist as a gray mold occurring upon defoliated leaves or wilted flowers in moist greenhouses. Dis- eases of this nature may be prevented by the practice of strict sanitary methods. A number of common greenhouse and garden flowers are generally free from disease and will not be included in this list. Among such plants may be mentioned Clematis, Cosmos, Geranium, Marigold, Mignonette, Nasturtium, Petunia, Primrose, Salvia and Verbena. CALLA LILY. Soft Rot. — The disease of the calla which is of most interest to Ameri- can florists is the soft rot of the conns. This disease seems to be confined at present to a few localities in the eastern states. It is produced by a species of bacteria. Those organisms are most active in the corm, but the whole plant may be wilted and destroyed at about the time of flowering. By a care- ful examination of the corms to be planted, diseased specimens may be de- tected. These should be discarded. Attention should also be given to the soil in the beds, and it is desirable to renew^ this every few years. Immedi- ate removal is required when in any season a few plants are affected. In this connection it may be said that there is a well-known collar rot of crocus, fre- quently occurring in the crocus gardens of France. The latter is not caused by bacteria, but is attributed to a species of HJii-octonia. It has not been noted in the United States. CARNATION (Dianthus caryopliyllus) . The diseases of the carnation have been more completely studied, perhaps, than those of any other plant here considered. Of the variety of diseases which have been reported, the principal types may be discussed under the fol- lowing heads, viz. : bud rot, leaf or stem spots, rust and stem rots. Bud Rot. — This is a disease which has only recently appeared. Attention is promptly directed to it on account of tlie fact that many buds fail to open, and upon examination those most seriously injured are found to be affected more or less evidently with a decay or rotting of the inner floral structures. Through investigations at the New York and Nebraska Experiment Stations, it has been determined that this disease is produced by a fungus which bears the name Sporotriclium antliopliiliim. A mite is generally associated with the fungus, but it is of merely secondary importance. The fungus has been carefully studied and the disease produced by artificial inoculation. Prevention is simple, and consists in avoiding excessive dampness by pro- viding thorough ventilation, also in destroying immediately all waste leaves and flowers. 196 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Lea? and Stem Spot Fungi. — The several leaf spot fungi are generally of slight importance where the conditions are favorable for carnation growing. The specific diseases here included are such as the anthracnose, the carnation spot, fairy ring, bacterial spot, etc. A rather common affection of carnation leaves is that called stigmonose, generally evident as shrunken, discolored areas, often causing the leaf to arch or curl slightly. This is due to punctures some time previous by thrips and aphides. Rust. — The most disastrous fungous disease of the carnation is the rast. It was noticed in the United States about 1891, and is now to be found in practically every greenhouse. It occurs upon all green parts of the plant, and the oblong, brown patches, or sori, of rust-like spores are so characteristic that it cannot be mistaken. The disease spreads rapidly under any circum- stances, but the germination of the spores and reinfection by them is greatly facilitated by considerable moisture. To avoid excessive moisture, triangular wire supports should be interposed between the roAvs. This device also facili- tates watering from below. Some advantage has also been gained from spray- ing with a solution of potassium sulphide in the proportion of from one-third to one-half ounce per gallon of water. There is a great difference in the susceptibility of host varieties, and special stress should be placed upon this in breeding and developing new forms. Stem Rots. — The true stem rot of carnations is caused by a species of Bhizoctonia, very probably the same species mentioned as producing a disease of Asparagus Sprengeri. Affected plants instantly wilt, but the disease is par- ticularly characterized by softening or sloughing off of the bark near the sur- face of the ground. Liming is of some service. Another disease frequently called stem rot, but more properly a wilt, is caused by a species of Fusarium. This fungus is apparently common to both Europe and America. It some- times causes a rosette-like habit of the plant, when the latter possesses consid- erable resistance. Sterilization of the soil may be necessary when this fungus is well established. The Sweet William, or Pink, DiantJius barbatus, closely related to the carnation, is also subject to a rust, but the two diseases are en- tirely distinct and not transferable from one host to the other. CEDAR (Thuya, Jwiiperus). Anthracnose. — The fungus producing the anthracnose of Arbor Vitae may apparently occur also upon cedar seedlings in the nursery, and upon this host greater injuries may result. The fungus and suggestions concerning its control have already been discussed. Conifers in the forest are attacked by many fungous diseases, but fortunately disease is far less common among the species grown for ornamental purposes. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS ■ 197 CHESTNUT (Castanea spp.) Canker. — The chestnut may be considered within the field of the florist, particularly the nursery stock. A new and destructive twig or trunk disease attacking this plant has recently been discovered. The disease is so serious that the attention of all persons interested in city parks should be directed to it. Long Island and New York City constitute the center of the infested area, but the fungus has been found in several of the adjacent states. The native species are peculiarly susceptible to the disease, but it has recently been dis- covered that some of the Japanese species are practically immune.* It is believed, therefore, that the fungus was introduced with the Japanese forms as a disease-producing organism of insignificant consequence. Relatively, it has proved as destructive to our native species as was the mildew of grape to the European species of grape when that fungus was first introduced into Europe upon the imported American grape vines. The fungus attacks limbs, twigs, and trunks, causing the death of the bark, and eventually there is developed a cankerous spot which spreads rapidly. Ringing of the limbs is thus brought out, and death beyond the affected areas promptly results. There is a pycnidial stage of the fungus produced during the summer and an ascigerous stage produced later in the season. Both serve to spread the disease, and it will readily be seen that it is a malady which is greatly to be feared. In isolated areas the disease may be held in cheek by promptly pruning out dying limbs and cankered spots, burn- ing the waste parts, and applying an aseptic wash to the exposed wounds. Leaf Spot. — The leaf spot fungus of the chestnut is not productive of a disease demanding special attention, and yet it should be mentioned in this connection. It has been ascribed to the fungus Marsoiiia ocJiroleuca. Merely a suggestion may be made regarding its control in the case of decorative chest- nuts. After a summer during which the disease has been prevalent the cast- off leaves should be raked and burned, and early the following spring a thor- ough spraying of the trees should be given about the time the buds begin to open, CHRYSANTHEMUM {Chrysanthemum spp.). Under normal conditions the chrysanthemum is a plant which is unusually hardy, with respect to fungous diseases. At least three different fungi may occur upon old leaves producing forms of leaf spot; yet, as a rule, these appear only during the seasons when vigorous growth of the host may not be assured. *Since the above was written the writer has observed this canker on several varieties of the Japanese chestnuts. 198 PKOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOUETH CONVENTION EusT. — The rust of chrysanthemums occasionally becomes a disease of im- portance. This disease should be readily distinguished from leaf spots. The spores of the fungus appear in scattered sori which break through the surface of the leaf, and are then evident as small masses of brownish powder. This particular rust requires considerable water for its rapid spread, and may readily be suppressed if noticed early. Affected plants should be carefully watered, the water being in no case applied as a spray. Eay Blight. — Within the past year a new disease of the chrysanthemum has appeared in North Carolina. It has been termed ray blight on account of the fact that in the ''Daisy'' type of this plant the symptoms are malforma- tions of the rays, or their suppression. The only means of control that can be suggested is care in selection and the destruction of diseased specimens. HOLLYHOCK (Althea rosea). Several leaf blight and leaf spot fungi of the hollyhock have been re- ported, and occasionally they may be of sufficient importance to merit atten- tion, but the disease of the hollyhock requiring special consideration is the EUST. This disease made its appearance in the United States about twenty years ago and is now distributed throughout .the country. The brown pustules of the fungus appear numerously on the leaves, petioles, and young stems. Later they become grayish in appearance, due to the germination iii situ of the masses of spores. The disease spreads with great rapidity. It is not confined to the hollyhock, but occurs also upon species of wild mallow. Some experimenters have reported successful control by careful sprayings with Bordeaux mixture. It is important that all debris of the previous season be destroyed and, where practicable, it is advisable to exterminate the native mallows. If the application of a fungicide is required, spraying should begin early, before the first infections take place. HYACINTH (Hyacinthus orientaUs). In the United States the hyacinth seems to be remarkably free from disease. In Holland this flower is subject to perhaps two bacterial dis- eases. One of these may be termed a wilt. Here the organism seems to gain entrance to the host by means of injuries, or through the nectaries, and there results a disease of the woody bundle or fibrovascular system. The other malady has been termed ' ' the yellow disease ' ' and is extremely slow in its action upon the host. An affected plant may survive practically throughout the growing season. Diseased plants may be easily detected and should be promptly destroyed. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 199 LILY (Lilium spp.). The leaves of the Bermuda Lily, like the carnation, are frequently spotted with yellow and ' ' drawn, ' ' but the trouble is not ascribed to fungi or bacteria. In this case it is the result of previous mechanical injuries, lack of nutri- tion, of a general unhealthful condition of the bulbs. There are, however, two fungous diseases of the lily, known respectively as bulb rot, and mold (Ward's disease), which should be mentioned. The former is unimportant when sufficient precautions are observed in storing the bulbs. The mold has occasionally been a serious pest in England. It occurs upon the leaves and flowers of Lilium candidum. Under moist conditions this fungus has proved destructive to Lilium Harrisii in Bermuda. It may also attack the bulbs and thus be transmitted from one season to the next. It appears as a white mold upon the surface of the bulbs, and these should, in all cases, be dis- carded. LILAC {Syringa spp.). Surface Mildew. — The lilac is more commonly disfigured by fungous at- tacks than any other shrub. During late summer a surface mildew frequently covers the leaves to such an extent that the bush appears grayish. The leaves become affected as soon as they unfold. It would seem that little material injury results, since the leaves are not usually prematurely defoliated. Never- theless, owing to this mildew, the lilac loses its attractiveness except as a spring flower. Control measures are seldom employed, but it is probable that any of the fungicides could be used advantageously. Powdered sulphur is sometimes effective in treating surface mildews. ORCHID (Orchidaceae). The orchid may be injured by many of the so-called physiological diseases. Spots closely resembling fungous injuries may appear, often produced by the action of drops of water upon the leaves. Moreover, such spots may subse- quently become the areas of infection for fungous diseases. The anthracnose of orchids is probably the most common of the fungous diseases in this country. This fungus may be prevented by sponging the leaves with a solu- tion of potassium sulphide. SWEET PEA (Pisum). Root Canker. — Normally, the sweet pea makes a vigorous growth dur- ing early summer, and with proper attention it may blossom until September. In some cases, however, the vines become unhealthy during midsummer and they gradually dry out. These symptoms may be the direct result of unfavor- able soil conditions, but generally they indicate the presence of a fungus upon 200 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION the roots. Examination of affected plants discloses the fact that a large por- tion of the root system is brown and dead. The larger roots may appear pinkish within and completely penetrated by the mycelium of Thielavia hasi- cola. This fungus is believed to be an active parasite when the soil is dis- tinctly alkaline. It requires, therefore, conditions the reverse of those favor- able to Rhizoctonia. Thielavia has been observed upon a variety of plants. It produces an important disease of tobacco in the Connecticut valley, and it has been reported upon such hosts as begonia, violet, cyclamen, ginseng, horse- radish and lupin. The disease may be controlled by the direct application of acid fertilizers. In no case should potassium carbonate be employed as the source of potash. ROSE (Eosa) . Mildew. — Rose mildew is common during seasons of great humidity. Unfortunately it is too often regarded as a direct result of weather conditions. The fungus responsible for this disease develops its spores superficially. When abundant these spores give to the surface of the leaf a mealy appearance. They are readily blown from plant to plant and spread the disease with alarming rapidity. The crimson rambler and other climbing roses are least resistant to this disease, yet other varieties are frequently seriously affected. The fungus also occurs upon wild species of the rose. The method of control generally employed consists in merely dusting the vines profusely with flowers of sulphur. During rainy weather no fungicide is effective, and it cannot be expected that the use of sulphur will be entirely successful. Recently it has been suggested that sulphuric acid may be more practical and equally effective in controlling this disease. Leaf Blotch. — The foliage of roses in the garden and in the green- house is frequently subject to a disease producing ugly discolorations. The affected leaves are covered with dark, irregular blotches, most evident on the upper surface. The fungus which causes this disease is beneath the cuticle, yet the dark strands of radiating hyphae are readily seen through that semi- transparent membrane. In order to control this disease it is necessary to spray early with one of the strong copper fungicides. SNAP DRAGON {Antirrhinum inajus). Anthracnose. — The most important disease of the snap dragon is a spot occurring upon the leaves and stems. In the greenhouse it is usually com- mon in spring and autumn, but in the garden late summer is the season of its greatest activity. The fungus spreads slowly from place to place, and in order to control the disease it is merely necessary to select the cuttings from healthy plants. When the attacks are severe, spray mixtures may be employed be- fore the blossoms appear. SOCIETY OF AMEEICAN FLOEISTS 201 VIOLET (Viola). Ordinarily, the cultivated varieties of violet and pansy arc subject to no serious epidemic diseases. The root canker organism which affects the sweet pea occasionally attacks the pansy. In Europe the violet rusts are reported more frequently than in this country. The violet is also subject to two leaf spot diseases, but these are often controlled merely by proper regard for sani- tary surroundings. Potassium sulphide solution has proved most effective in severe attacks of these spot-producing fungi. FUNGICIDES. Bordeaux Mixture. — A standard solution of Bordeaux Mixture contains the following ingredients: 5 lbs. copper sulphate. 5 lbs. stone lime. 50 gallons of water. In the preparation of this mixture, it is advisable to put the copper sulphate in a gunny sack suspended in about half the water required. This method insures prompt solution of the copper, w'hich is a heavy material. The lime should be gradually slaked in another vessel, and sufficient water added to make 25 gallons. The two solutions are then poured together and stirred. Thus prepared the copper and lime remain in suspension, and are readily applied with the finest Yermorel nozzles. Ammoxiacal Copper Carbonate. — This fungicide consists of: 5 ounces of copper carbonate. 3 pints of liquid ammonia. 50 gallons of water. In making this mixture, prepare a thin paste of the copper compound; dilute the ammonia to about two gallons, into which stir the paste, and ad J water to make fifty gallons. Potassium Sulphide. — This chemical should be obtained in a perfectly fresh condition, and the solution made as follows: 3 ounces potassium sulphide. 10 gallons of water. Potassium sulphide dissolves readily in w^ater, but the solution deteriorates after standing a few hours. Sulphuric Acid. — Where this strong chemical agent is employed, care must be observed in handling it. The acid should be poured into the amount of water required, stirring constantly. A solution of one part of acid to one thousand parts of water is employed, or about one ounce of sulphuric acid to 8 gallons of water. 202 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF TRADE EXHIBITION RECEIPTS. Altimo Culture Co $ 21.00 Advance Co 12.48 L. Bauman & Co 76.50 L. Ball 17.75 W. J. Boas 20.00 C. D. Ball 22.50 H. Bayersdorf er & Co 166.50 Bobbink & Atkins 22.50 A. T. Boddington 31.50 G-. E. Browne 5.00 J. L. Childs 26.10 Camp Conduit Co 36.90 R. Craig Co 49.50 Arthur Cowee 27.00 Crowl Fern Co 5.00 H. A. Dreer 76.50 Detroit Pottery Co 6.24 A. T. De La Mare 5.00 A. Dietch Co 5.00 Ellwanger & Barry 13.00 Elverson Pottery Co 13.00 Edwards Folding Box Co 5.00 H. Eicholtz 5.00 Foley Manufacturing Co 18.70 C. S. Ford 18.13 G. M. Garland 22.50 S. Feder : 5.00 W. Greever 10.92 A. H. Hews 14.90 B. Hammond 22.50 E. Hippard 5.20 E. H. Hunt 36.10 SOCIETY OF AMEKICAN FLOEISTS 203 Heim Carnation Support Co $ 7.80 Hummel & Downing 22.50 The Herendeen Co 40.50 G. B, Hart 5.00 Ionia Pottery Co 22.50 Jackson & Perkins 5.00 W. F. Kasting Co 26.50 Kroeschell Bros. Co 36.00 King Construction Co 81.00 O. G. Koenig 5.00 Kring Bros 5.00 Lager & Hurrel 22.50 Larkin Co 7.02 Lord & Burnham 49.86 D. B. Long 10.92 J. C. Moninger Co 26.10 H. F. Michell - 22.50 W. A. Manda 17.75 J. H. Morehead 9.36 Madison Basket Craft Co 15.00 Metairie Eidge Nursery Co 5.00 Morehead Co 5.00 H. D. Mann Co 19.65 J. H. McFarland 8.32 J. C. Neidinger , 40.50 Niagara Sprayer Co 5.00 Peters & Reed Pottery Co 8.32 L L. Pillsbury 5.00 S. S. Pennock-Meehan Co 63.00 F. O. Pierce 15.66 J. A. Peterson .' 13.00 J. A. Payne 81.00 F. E. Pierson 40.50 Quaker City Machine Co 5.00 J. Eoehrs 40.50 Eeed & Keller 76.50 M. Eice & Co 49.50 Eoseville Pottery Co 49.50 Eiehmond Carnation Support Co 5.00 Storrs & Harrison Co 6.50 Schloss Bros 31.50 Standard Pump & Engine Co 13.00 W. J. Stewart 5.00 H. D. Seeley & Sons 5.00 204 PROCEEDINGS OP TWENTY-FOUETH CONVENTION H. J. Smith % $ 5.00 E. E. Stewart 5.00 Vaughan's Seed Store 40.50 Vick & Hill 16.04 James Vick's Sons 12.48 Weathered Co 22.50 Wilson & Hoyt 12.48 Whilldin Pottery Co 9.36 Wertheimer Bros 45.00 Washington Iron Works 13.00 Christ Winterich 5.00 SIGNS. American Florist Co $ 8.32 Basset & Washburn 28.00 Buffalo Cut Flower Co 10.00 Florists' Review 20.70 Michigan Cut Flower Exchange (2) 20.00 A. L. Randall 17.40 Traendly & Schenck 13.11 E. F. Wiuterson Co 26.10 Yuess Garden Co 13.76 E. H. Hunt ' 11.35 EXPENSES. Kent for Typewriter $ 15.00 Stamps 19.00 Printing 69.00 Stationery 4.10 Express Charges 3.50 Cloth 112.55 Tacks, Hammers, etc 2.25 Telephone 2.30 Making Drawing 1.50 Help 51.00 American Florist (Advertising) 15.00 $2,044.04 $ 168.74 !,212.78 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 205 Florists ' Review (Advertising) $ 15.00 Florists' Exchange (Advertising) 15.00 Horticulture (Advertising) 15.00 Canadian Florist (Advertising) 10.00 Watchman 16.00 Loan of Desk 2.00 Carting Waste 3.00 Extra Light 13.19 Signs 85.75 Tent Floor 512.63 Tent 100.00 Tables, etc 287.22 Tinware 28.68 Clerk Hire 25.00 Superintendent's Salary 50.00 Superintendent's Commission 221.27 Total Expenses $1,694.94 \ Total Receipts $2,212.78 Total Expense 1,694.94 Proceeds $ 517.84 Sale of Cloth 35.00 Net Proceeds $ 552.84 Chas. H. Keitsch, Superintendent. Examined and found correct. Wm. F. Kasting. j. f. cowell. 206 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION SPORTS THE BOWLING CONTESTS. TEAM CONTESTS. BUFFALO. Player. 1st 2d Bd T'l. C. Sandiford . . W. B. Scott . . F. Mansfield . . F. Speidel .... .146 .133 .192 .137 .169 151 133 176 157 158 124 116 152 161 154 421 382 520 455 George McClure 481 Totals .717 775 777 2,259 NE W YORK. Player. 1st 2d 3d T'l. .Toseph Fenricb John Donaldson Joseph Manda . N. Schreiner . . B. Chadwick . . .161 .176 .107 .157 .159 210 179 91 139 193 132 134 126 143 147 503 489 324 439 499 Totals .760 812 682 2,254 PHIL ADELPHL4 Player. 1st 2d 3d T'l. W. Robertson . T. N. Yates . . . J. H. Dodds . . . F. Adelberger . D. T. Connor . .135 .116 .180 .113 .137 182 144 114 83 134 163 157 179 176 167 480 417 473 372 438 Totals .681 657 842 2,180 WASHINGTON. Player. 1st 2d 3d T'l. G. H. Cooke 122 160 124 406 G. C. Shaffer ...126 149 149 424 R. McLennan ...198 163 177 538 .L J. Barry 117 158 130 405 ^Y. H. Ernst ...115 135 153 403 Totals 678 765 733 2,176 BALTIMORE. : Player. 1st 2d 3d T'l. M. Richmond ...132 137 144 413 Isaac Moss 102 113 168 383 J. W. Boone 127 145 109 381 H. M. Lehr 134 172 144 450 C. L. Scybold 156 166 188 510 Totals 651 733 753 2,137 CLEVELAND. Player. 1st 2d P. Schmitt 107 G. Smith 147 A. Friedberg 121 A. Hart 138 C. Graham 155 Totals 668 626 701 1,995 DETROIT. Player. . 1st 2d 3d N. Sullivan 106 135 162 M. Bloy 151 135 144 E. Sullivan 112 108 150 J. F. Sullivan .. .110 148 120 F. Holznagel 112 147 150 T'l. 403 430 370 378 409 Totals 591 673 726 1,990 The Kasting cup for the highest single game went to Philadel- phia (842), the Whilldin and Traendly cups to Buffalo, and the Michell trophy for second highest total in three games to New York. Prizes were awarded to Joseph Fenrich, New York, for highest individual game (210), and to R. McLennan, of Wash- ington, for highest three games (538). The greatest number of strikes (10) was made by Fenrich, SeylDold and Mansfield, and Sey- bold won the roll-off. Wm. Robertson, Philadelphia, made the greatest number of spares (i6). SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 207 MEN S INDIVIDUAL CONTESTS. Player. 1st 2d T'l. John Miesmann 198 173 371 P. Olsem 181 163 344 W. L. Rock 165 167 332 George Asmus 167 164 331 C. McKellar 135 182 317 Joseph Street 134 172 306 David Scott 163 134 297 Phil Kesslei- 146 150 296 W. E. Marshall 148 145 293 W. C. Rickards 169 123 292 R. Roland 139 149 288 A. R. Banner 123 164 287 E. F. Winterson 147 128 275 A. Rasmussen 151 123 274 P. J. Demas 132 140 272 W. R.Gibson 124 147 271 William Graham 146 123 269 G. Golsner 103 163 266 J. A. Valentine 129 137 266 W. Siebrecht 152 111 263 E. Leuly 153 110 263 William Billingsly 114 144 258 Nic Zweifel 135 122 257 L. Neubeck 107 144 251 W. Grever 131 114 245 Alex Scott 108 128 236 George J. Reichert Ill 110 221 R. Kift 98 114 212 F. Doerhoefer 118 93 211 W. Sangster 72 129 201 W. Warnke Ill 89 200 S. Simmonds 114 85 199 E. A. Slattery 97 102 199 C. Netsch 88 88 176 J. Savage 85 85 170 W. A. Sperling 80 81 161 George E. McClure 73 88 161 R. Miller 86 63 149 W. F. Kasting 135 .. 135 A. E. Beyer 70 63 133 Booker 127 .. 127 F. Kramer 120 . . 120 C. E. Hennon Ill .. Ill R. Wittman 109 . . 109 W. S. Herzog 99 . . 99 H. Brown 92 . . 92 F. Piorkoviski 80 . . 80 A. A. Kurz 70 . . 70 WOMEN S INDIVIDUAL CONTEST. Player. 1st Mrs. McKellar 129 Mrs. Asmus 140 Mrs. Kreitling 114 Miss Cooke 108 Mrs. Winterson 120 Mrs. Reicher 106 Mrs. Hauswirth 134 Mr.s. G^ Golsner 112 Mrs. Cooke 87 Mrs. John Donaldson ...126 Mrs. Shaffer 87 Mrs. John Buri 72 Mrs. Wittman 70 Mrs. Simmonds 88 2d T'l. Miss 121 250 Mrs. 108 248 Mrs. 122 236 Mrs. 123 231 Mrs. 113 223 Miss 117 223 Mrs. 83 217 Mrs. 88 200 Mrs. 112 199 Mrs. 72 198 Mrs. 106 193 Mrs. 111 183 Mrs. 111 181 Mrs. 88 176 Mrs. Mansfield 51 95 146 Powell 64 78 142 W\ Robertson 34 91 125 Hennon 43 65 108 Mark 45 58 103 Fulmer 33 56 89 R. Miller 36 50 86 J. Birnie 39 44 83 C. Seybold 42 30 72 Doerhoefer 15 52 67 Ward 62 . . 62 Pendegrast 30 26 56 Rudd 44 . . 44 Lymon 20 . . 20 Charles Millang ... 13 . . 13 BASEBALL. The Buffalo Florists' Club defeated the All-American team by a score of 8 to 3, making a total of 14 hits and 5 errors to the All- Americans' 8 hits and 17 errors. THE SCORE. 123456789 All American o o i 2 o o o o o — 3 Buffalo I o 2 o o I 4 o * — 8 The Buft'alo team consisted of Longley P. Scott, D. J. Scott, Eckert, O. J. Scott, Detcher, Anderson, W. P. Scott and Slattery. The All-American team was Swan, E. Sullivan, Bates, Ferguson, Sharret, Graham, Friedley, R. Sullivan and C. Critchell. 208 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION THE AMERICAN CARNATION SOCIETY A meeting was held Thursday, August 20th, at the S. A. F. Convention Hall, Niagara Falls, N. Y. It was called to order at 4:30 P. M. by President M. A. Patten, with a good attendance of both directors and members. The Secretary was advised to have a list of names of varieties up to date published in the trade papers. Mr. Fred Burki was appointed to take the place of W. N. Kudd, resigned, at the Chicago Flower Show, to judge Carnations. On exhibits from Canada if duty is demanded this Society will assume that duty. The Secretary was instructed to ask some Professor in the State of Indiana to write and read a paper for the meeting in Indianapolis next January. It was suggested that the Society offer a cup of the value of $25 to be awarded at the exhibition of the English Carnation Society. Indianapolis members present made it very emphatic that they were making great preparations for a banner meeting and want every carnation grower from the East, the West, the Xorth and the South to attend. • The meeting was then adjourned to meet in Indianapolis, Ind., January 27th and 28th, 1908. M. A. Fatten, President. A. M. Herr, Secretary. THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY Meeting at Niagara Falls. Pursuant to call made through the newspapers, a meeting of the Amer- ican Eose Society was held during the session of the Society of American Florists. The business in hand w-as the formal change of officers; Eobert Simpson, of Clifton, N. J., turned over the office to August Poehlmann, of Morton Grove, 111. Mr. Simpson has been President for two years, during which the exhibitions at Washington, D. C, and Chicago were held. Vice- President Philip Breitmeyer, of Detroit, was succeeded in that office by SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 209 William F. Kastiug, of Buffalo, N. Y., in Avhich city the annual exhibition of 1909 will be held. Treasurer Harry 0. May, of Summit, N. J., and the present Secretary continue in office. The Executive Committee is as follows: P. J. Lynch, West Grove, Pa.; Peter Bissctt, Washington, D. C; P. Welch, Boston; A. Farenwald, Roslyn, Pa.,; Philip Breitmeyer, Detroit; E. Gurney Hill, Richmond, Ind. ]\Ir. Simpson made a brief statement of the condition of the society, show- ing an audit of all accounts up to June 10, at which time the financial state- ment showed a lack of funds to close up the year. The habit of the past was by necessity to carry over certain charges; this the Executive Committee took in hand to remedy. The difiiculty in the past was that the cash prizes, inde- pendent of special prizes awarded regularly by the society, reached an amount nearly equal to if not more than the revenue, leaving nothing to cover the necessary administrative expenses, and these had been paid by the officers. The members who made good the amount are: J. A. Valentine, S. S. Pennock, Ellwanger & Barry, Henry Heintz, Jr., P. O 'Mara, Vaughan 's Seed Store, Carl Jurgens, August Poehlmann, Joseph Heacock, Robert Simpson, Samuel Thorne, E. G. Hill, Alexander Montgomery, Patrick Welch, Gude Bros., Conard & Jones, Benjamin Hammond and others. President Poehlmann, in a clear-cut address, promised to do all in his power to extend the society's usefulness. The following resolution was moved by W. A. Manda and adopted : ' ' Resolved, That the society offer its medals and certificates as may be directed by the Executive Committee at its annual exhibitions. ' ' ]\[oved by Mr. Heacock: "Resolved, That the Secretary be, and is, hereby directed to publish the annual bulletin of the proceedings of the American Rose Society for the past year, and is also authorized to solicit a limited number of advertisements, and to print 1,000 of the bulletins." The appointing judges for the approaching National Flower Show was taken up and certain names suggested 'by request of President Poehlmann, to whom the matter by resolution was referred. There gentlemen will be notified and as soon as their acceptance is assured the list will be published. Benjamin Hammond, Secretary. 210 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOUETH CONVENTION THE LADIES' SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS The first meeting of the Ladies' Society of American Florists -was held \Yednesday, August 19, 1908, at the Shredded Wheat Auditorium, Mrs. W. J. Vesey, President, in the chair. The attendance numbered nearly seventy-five. The Secretary's report showed a membership of 130, a gain of thirty members since last year. The Treasurer reported a balance of $118 from last year and receipts, making the amount now in the treasury $216.08. Mrs. "William Dilger, of Detroit, suggested the appointment of an Introduction Committee, to further sociability among the members and other ladies, which was moved and carried. Mrs. Dilger, Mrs. Peterson, Mrs. Bullock, Mrs. Kyrk and Miss Meinhardt were appointed. Mrs. J. C. Vaughan spoke for the National Flower Show and the wisdom of giving a prize, and moved that $50 be appropriated for that purpose, which was unanimously carried. The vote to give $50 in gold was a rising demon- Btration, of which the male element may be justly proud. Mrs. Vaughan, Mrs. Hauswirth and Mrs. Kuhl were appointed to confer with Secretary Eudd. Adjourned to Thursday morning, August 20, at which time the Ladies' Society of American Florists elected Mrs. J. C. Vaughan President, Mrs. C. H. Maynard Secretary, Mrs. A. M. Herr Treasurer, Miss Tillie Meinhardt First Vice-President, Mrs. J. F. Sibson Second Vice-President, other ofiicers being reelected. A reception was then held, ice cream and cake being served. Thursday evening, at the International Hotel parlors, the Ladies' Society of American Florists presented the retiring President and Treasurer, Mrs. W. J. Vesey and Mrs. E. A. Scribner, with cut glass articles. The next meeting of the society will be held in Chicago at the National Flower Show. SOCIETY OP AMERICAN FLORISTS 211 THE FLORISTS' HAIL ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA The annual meeting of the Florists' Hail Association of America -was held at the Cataract House, Niagara Falls, N. Y., on August 18, 1908. The meeting was called to order by President E. G. Hill. The following reports of the Secretary and Treasurer were presented and, after discussion, were approved: SECEETAEY'S Eeport for the Year Ending August 1, 1908: The Florists' Hail Association of America consists of 1,520 members associated together for mutual protection, and insuring glass as follows: Single thick glass 5,521,650 feet Double thick glass 16,217,613 feet Total 21,739,263 feet Losses paid $20,006.99 The total receipts for the year ending August 1, 1908, as per Treasurer's report, have been $22,573.79. The total expenditures as per Treasurer's report, have been $25,722.49. The cash balance at the close of the year is $21,148,24, all of which belongs to the emergency fund. One hundred and thirty-eight losses, representing a breakage of 133,119 square feet of single thick glass, and 113,808 square feet of double thick glass, have been paid during the year. One thousand two hundred and thirty losses have been adjusted since the organization of the Florists' Hail Association, involving a total expenditure of more than $125,000. The ten per cent assessment on hazardous risks netted the treasury $42.37. 212 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION The only liabilities of the association are for a few small losses, proofs of which have not yet been filed with the Secretary. The following table shows losses as reported to the Secretary for the past twenty-one years, and also for the past year: o . states — "^01^"^ O O ^ D Alabama 1 California 1 Maine 3 Vermont 3 New Hampshire 7 Rhode Island 3 Connecticut 10 Massachusetts 11 New York 104 New Jersey 73 Pennsylvania 78 Delaware 4 Ohio 86 Indiana 51 Illinois 112 Michigan 25 Wisconsin 35 Minnesota 52 Iowa 105 Missouri 99 Kansas 114 Nebraska 64 Arkansas 3 Colorado 60 North Dakota 6 South Dakota 19 Montana 3 Wyoming 4 Maryland 19 Virginia 5 West Virginia 12 55 .2 9p22 6 C-a; tc 17 10 59 1 78 45 102 10 36 60 140 165 174 24 1 105 1 17 2 5 9 3 4 p :i°£ CO 4 1 6 14 24 12 3 to 0) 60 .•a tc 3 10 11 1 1 4 28 24 20 8 14 5 1 1 SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 213 States— ^^-^^ ^«MrH^ ^o^g _^no ^§ -^-^g tf ^'^lil' ^=11 ^3| lis ^■^ ^-^ ^£ £ North Carolina 5 1 Kentucky 18 13 1 1 Georgia 4 Texas 27 21 3 2 Louisiana 3 Tennessee 2 1 Florida 1 Mississippi 1 Oklahoma 17 11 3 4 District of Columbia 4 Canada 5 5 1 1 New Mexico 7 ; South Carolina 1 A resolution to approve of the action of the finance committee in the purchase of bonds during the past year ATas adopted unanimously. The proposed amendment to the by-laws, making Article 2 of Section 5 read, 2 per cent instead of 1 per cent, was passed unanimously. The meeting then adjourned. At a meeting of the directors of the Florists ' Hail Association of America, held at the Cataract House, August 20th, 1908, with President E. G. Hill in the chair, it was decided to levy the nineteenth asssessment on March 1st, 1908. The directors also decided to increase the bond of the Treasurer to $25,000 for the ensuing year, the Secretary's bond to be $1,000. The directors also will offer the following amendment to Section 1 of Article 9 of the by-laws to be voted upon next year: ' ' The Board of Directors from time to time shall fix the amounts of the bonds which the association shall require from its officers, which bonds should not be less than the average cash balance in the hands of such officers during the previous year as shown by bank and other records." The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: E. G. Hill, President; H. H. Ritter, Vice-President; John G. Esler, Secretary, and Joseph Heacock, Treasurer. Mr. Joseph Heacock resigned as a director and J. F. Ammann of Edwards- ville, 111., was appointed to fil vacancy. 214 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Mr. J. C. Vaughan, of Chicago, and Mr. J. A. Valentine, of Denver, Colo., were elected directors to fill expired terms. During the late financial disturbance, your Finance Committee sold a three per cent $500 U. S. Government bond at a small premium, and by bor- rowing from the emergency fund, purchased three $1,000 four and four and one-half per cent bonds at par. These bonds are today worth in the open market $30 each more than was paid for them. The amount borrowed from the emergency fund, except $217.77, has been restored to that fund and the deficiency is more than covered by accrued interest on bonds. The largest amount ever expended in a fiscal year has been paid for glass broken during the year ending August 1, 1908, a large percentage of which went to the Trans-Mississippi States, in which section the weather has been unusually erratic this season. A large quantity of uninsured glass was broken at Indianapolis, Ind., last spring, the Florists' Hail Association escaping with the payment of one loss. Notwithstanding heavy losses the association shows a largely increased reserve fund, and a handsome balance in the emergency fund. John G. Esler, Secretary. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 21 OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OF THE SOQETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS AND OR NAMENTAL HORTICULTURISTS FOR J 908 President F. H. TRAENDLY, 44 W. 28th St., New York. N. Y. Vice-President GEORGE W. Mc CLURE, 832 W. Delavan Ave., BufiEalo, N. Y. Secretary W. N. RUDD, Morgan Park, 111. Treasurer H. B. BE ATT Y, Farmers' Bank Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. DIRECTORS For One Year E. V. Hallock Theodore Wirth For Three Years George Asmus John Young For Two Years Samuel Murray J. K. M. L. Farquhar Ex-officio William J. Stewart WASHINGTON, D. C, omCE OF THE SOCIETY in charge of William F. Gude, 1214 F Street. STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS Alabama — J. L. Parker, Birmingham. California — Sidney Clack, Menlo Park. Colorado — N. A. Benson, Denver. Connecticut — G. X. Amrhyn, New Haven. District of Columbia — George H. Cooke, Washington. Florida — E. N. Reasoner, Oneco. Georgria — V. E. Lambert, Atlanta. Illinois — F. Lautenschlager, Chicago. Illinois — J. F. Ammann, Edwardsville. Indiana — J. Bertermann, Indianapolis. Iowa — J. A. Kramer, Cedar Rapids. Kentucky — A. R. Baumer, Louisville. Maryland — R. A. Vincent, Whitemarsh. Massachusetts — F. E. Palmer, Brookline. Massachusetts — A. J. Loveless, Lenox. Michigan — A. Pochelon, Detroit. Michigan— H. Smith, Grand Rapids. Minnesota — R. A. Latham, Minneapolis. Mississippi — S. W. Crowell, Rich. Missouri— J. Steidle, Central. Missouri— W. L. Rock, Kansas City. Nebraska— Lewis Henderson, Omaha. New Hampshire— H. C. Stache, Manchester. New Jersey — A. Herrington, Madison. New York— G. C. Perkins, Newark. New York— J. Austin Shaw, New York. North Carolina— W. Rehder, Wilmington. Ohio— E. G. Gillett, Cincinnati. Ohio — C. J. Graham, Cleveland. Pennsylvania— E. J. Fancourt, Philadelphia. Pennsylvania— T. P. Langhams, Pittsburg. Rhode Island — Carl Jurgens, Newport. South Carolina— C. A. Moss, Spartansburg. South Dakota— E. C. Newberry, Mitchell. Tennessee — C. L. Baum, Knoxville. Texas— E. H. R. Green, Dallas. West Virginia — C. P. Dudley, Parkersburg. Wisconsin— C. C. Pollworth, Milwaukee. Wisconsin— E. Amerpohl, Janesville. Ontario — T. W. Duggan, Brampton. Manitoba — H. E. Phillpott, Winnipeg. 216 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Botanist PROF. L. H. PAMMEL, Ames, Iowa Pathologist DR. B. M. DUGGAR, Ithaca, N. Y. Entomologist PROF. F. L. WASHBURN, Minneapolis, Minn. Superintendent of Exhibition CHARLES H. KEITSCH, 810 Main St., Buffalo. N. Y. Plant Registration in Charge of Secretary. Charles J. Graham, Cleveland, Ohio. Joseph A. Manda, West Orange, N. J JUDGES OF THE TRADE EXHIBITS Fred H. Meinhardt, St. Louis, Mo. .- JillS^i LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE L. B. Coddington, Murray Hill, N. J. Wesley Gl^eene, Des Moines, Iowa. Benj. Hammond, Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y. E. G. Hill, Richmond, Ind. E. A. Mosley, Washington, D. C. P. O'Mara, Jersey City, N. J. Patrick Welch, Boston, Mass. i.Liiiii; p. O'Mara, Chairman J. A. Valentine COMMITTEE ON CENSUS Albert T. Hey COMMITTEE ON SCHOOL GARDENS E. V. Hallock, Chairman P. O'Mara F. E. Palu-.er F. R. Pierson J. F. Co well Benjamin Hammond F. R. Pierson. Chairman J. A. Valentine COMMITTEE ON TARIFF Beniamin Hammond PAST PRESIDENTS John Thorpe, 1S84-18SU Robert Craig. 1887 E. G. Hill, 1888 J. N. May, 1S89 M. H. Norton, 1890 *J. M. Jordan, 1891 James Dean, 1892 William R. Smith, 1893 *J. T. Anthony, 1894 Edwin Lonsdale, 1895 -William Scott, 1896 Adam Graham, 1897 W. F. Gude, 1898 W. N. Rudd, 1899 *E. M. Wood. 1900 Patrick O'Mara. 1901 John Burton, 1902-1903 Philip Breitmeyer. 1904 J. C. Vaughan, 1905 William F. Kasting. 1906 William J. Stewart, 1907 '• Deceased. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 817 THE NATIONAL FLOWER SHOW GENERAL COMMITTEE OF 50 William F. Kasting, Cbairmau, 385-387 Ellicott St., Buffalo, N. Y. I. C. Berterniaiui, Treat?uier, Indianapolis, Ind. William F. Kasting J. C. Vaugban H, B. Beatty W. J. Stewart Theodore Wirtb W. H. Elliott E. V. Hallock C. L. Seybold H. H. Bitter Robert Craig E. G. Uill Patrick O'Mara F. H. Traendly J. D. Eist'le Patrick Welcb J. G. Esler J. H. Burdett, Secretar 1411 First National Bank Bldg. Cbicago. C. H. Totty S. S. Skidelsky J. E. Lager Otto G. Koenig A. J. Loveles.s David Eraser Elmer D. Smith Philip Breitmeyer W. N. Rudd George Asmus Leonard Kill C. C. Pollworth I. C. Bertermann ]■:. B. George J. A. Valentine Roy F. Wilcox W. F. Gude Peter Bisset H. M. Altlck Edwin Lonsdale Alexander Montgomery A. Herrington August Poeblmann F. 11. Pierson Harry Papwortb Peter Fisher L. C. Bobbink Julius Roehrs John Scott Albert McCullough William Kleinbans SPECIAL COMMITTEES Executive and Finance William F. Kasting, Chairman Exhibits, American Philip Breitmeyer, Chairman Exhibits, Foreign E. G. Hill, Chairman Premiums W. N. Rudd, Cbairmau Advertising George Asmus, Chairman Local Management, Privileges and Concessions J. C. Vaugban, Chairman Special Features Otto Koenig, Chairman Reception August Poeblmann, Chairman Auditing J. A. Valentine, Chairman The above nine chairmen constitute The Executive Board of the Show. 218 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOUETH CONVENTION OFFICERS ELECTED FOR THE YEAR 1909 TO TAKE OFFICE JANUARY i, 1909 President J. A. VALENTINE, Denver, Colo. Vice-President E. G. GILLETT, Cincinnati, Ohio. Secretary W. N. RUDD, ^lorgan Park, 111. Treasurer H. B. BEATTY, Pittsburg, Pa. Place of Meeting CINCINNATI, OHIO. Time of ^Meeting The third Tuesday in August, 1909; to continue three or more davs SOCIETY OF AMEEICAN FLORISTS 219 LIFE MEMBERS Altick, H. M., 1123 N. Main st, Dayton, O. Amniann, J. F., Eclwardsville, 111. Anderson, Wm. F., Waltham, Mass. Asmus, Aclolph E., West Hoboken, N. J. Asmus, Geo., 897 W. Madison st., Chicago, 111. Baartman, Hermann C, Sasseuheim, Holland. Ball, Charles D., Holmesburg, Pa. Bauer, Fred C, Govanstown, Md. Baumer, Aug. K., 644 Fourth av., Louisville, Ky. Baur, S. Alfred, care Stuppy Floral Co., St. Joseph, Mo. Bayer, George, 2556 Fulton st., Toledo, O. Beatty, H. B., 215 Farmers' Bank Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. Bertermann, John, 241 Massachusetts av., Indianapolis, Ind. Bissinger, J. A., Lansing, Mich. Bisset, Peter, Twin Oaks, Washington, D. C. Boddington, A. T., 342 W. 14th st., New York, N. Y. Boehler, Oscar, West Hoboken, N. J. Breitmeyer, Fred, Mt. Clemens, Mich. Breitmeyer, Philip, Gratiot and Miami avs., Detroit, Mich. Bruns, H. N., 1409 W. Madison st., Chicago, 111. Bunyard, Harry A., 342 W. 14th st., Xew York, N. Y. Burki, Fred, Crystal Farm, Gibsonia, Pa. Burton, Alfred, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Burton, George, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Burton, John, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Busch, Fred, Lyndale av. and 50th st., south, Minneapolis, Minn. Butterworth, J. T., South Framingham, Mass. Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. Cashman, Thomas E., Owatonna, Minn. Coatsworth, L., 41 Randolph st., Chicago, 111. Coe, Asher M., North Olmstead, O. Cook, H. A., Shrewsbury, Mass. Cooke, Geo. H., Connecticut av. and L st., Washington, D. C. Corley, Eugene, Dallas, Texas. 220 PKOGEEDINGS OF TWPJNTY-FOUKTH CONVENTION Cowee, Arthur, Berlin, N, Y, Craig, Kobert, 49th and Market sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Critehell, C. E., 36 E. 3d st., Cincinnati, O. Cimningham, Jos. H., 325 W. Williams st., Delaware, O. Daggett, W. A., 431 Medford st., Charlestown, Mass. Dailledouze, Eugene, Flatbush, New York, X. Y. Dailledouze, Henry, Flatbush, New York, N. Y. Dailledouze, Paul, Flatbush, New York, N. Y. Deake, Mrs. J. B., Twin Falls, Id. Deake, J. W. C, Twin Falls, Id. Deamud, J. B., 51 Wabash av., Chicago, 111. Dean, David A., Freeport, N. Y. Dean, James, Freeport, N. Y. Donaldson, L. S., 6th st. and Nicollet av., Minneapolis, Minn. Elliott, W. H., Brighton, Mass. Ernest, Wm. H., 28th and :\I sts. N. E., Washington, D. C. Esler, John G., Saddle Kiver, N. J. Evans, J. A., Kichmond, Ind. *Ewell, Warren, 38 Wayland st., Eoxbury, Mass. Farenwald, Adolph, Eoslyn P. O., Hillside, Pa. Farquhar, Jas. F. M., 6 and 7 8. Market st., Boston, Mass. Farquhar, J. K. M. L., 6 and 7 S. Market st., Boston, Mass. Forbach, Conrad, Genessee st. and Pine Eidge, Buffalo, N. Y. Freeman, J. E., 612 13th st.. N. W., Washington, D. C. Frey, Alois, Lincoln Park, Chicago, 111. Fuller, J., Leominster, Mass. Galvin, Thomas F., 124 Tremont st., Boston, Mass. *Gasser, J. M., 101 Euclid av., Cleveland, O. Graham, Adam, 2849 Euclid av., Cleveland, O. Green, E. H. E., Dallas, Tex. Gude, Adolphus, 1214 F st., Washington, D. C. Gude, Wm. F., 1214 F st., Washington, D. C. Guttman, A. J., 43 W. 28th st., New York, N. Y. Haentze, E., Fond du Lac, Wis. Hallock, E. v.. Queens, N. Y. Hammond, Benj., Fishkill-on-Hudson. N. Y. Harkett, W. A., Dubuque, la. Harris, Ernest, Delanson, N. Y. Harris, W. K., Jr., 55th st. and Springfield av., Philadelphia, Pa. Harris, W. K., Sr., 55th st. and Springfield av.. Philadelphia, Pa. Heinl, Fred G., 129 S. 7th st., Terre Haute, Ind. Heinl, George A., 337 Summit st., Toledo, O. 'Deceased. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 221 Herrington, A., Madison, N. J. Houghton, F. H., 396 Boylston st., Boston, Mass. Imlay, John D., Zauesville, O. Jablonsky, A., Central, jNIo. Kakiida, A., Hinode Florist Co., Whitestone. N. Y. Kasting, W. F., 383 Ellicott St., Buffalo, N. Y. "Kellogg, Geo. M., Pleasant Hill, Mo. Kill, Leonard, 51 Wabash av., Chicago, 111. Klagge, Robert, Mt, Clemens, Mich. Kleinstarink, H., R. F. D. No. 1, Louisville, Ky. Koenig, John L., 6471 Florissant av., St. Louis, Mo. Koenig, Otto G., 6471 Florissant av., St. Louis, Mo. Kretschmar, H. G., 237 Lincoln road, Flatbush, N. Y. Kretschmar, J. F., 237 Lincoln road, Flatbush, N. Y. Kroeschell, W. L., 55 Erie st., Chicago, 111. Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine st., St. Louis, Mo. Lambly, Amy L., 2723 Dean av., Spokane, Wash. Langjahr, A. H., 55 W. 28th st.. New York, N. Y. Latham, R. A., 63 S. 10th st., Minneapolis, Minn. Lenker, Charles, Freeport, L. I., N. Y. Leuly, E., West Hoboken, N. J. Loffler, E. C, 3800 Brightwood av., Washington, D. C. Lohr, Charles, Jr., 415 2d av., Astoria, N. Y. Loveless, Alfred J., Box 45, Lenox, Mass. Ludwig, DeForest W., 710 E. Diamond st., Pittsburg, N. S., Pa. Ludwig, Ernest C, 710 E. Diamond st., Pittsburg, Pa. Madsen, William, Govanstown, Md. Manda, W. A., South Orange, N. J. Mathison, Fred R., Waltham, Mass. May, J. N., Summit, N. J. May, L. L., 64 E. 6th st., St. Paul, Minn. Maynard, Mrs. C. H., 219 Horton av., Detroit, Mich. Maynard, C. H., 219 Horton av., Detroit, Mich. McManus, Jas., 42 W. 28th st., New York, N. Y. Meehan, Chas. E., Slocum and Musgrove sts., Germantown, Philadelphia, ('a. Meinhardt, Fred H., 7041 Florissant av., St. Louis, Mo. Mills, Miss Elizabeth, 31 Barclay st.. New York, N. Y. Monson, J., 36th st. and Calhoun blvd., Minneapolis, Minn. Montgomery, Alexander, Natick, Mass. Moseley, Edw. A., Hess & Co., Sun Bldg., Washington, D. C. Murdoc-k, A. M., 510 Smithfield st., Pittsburg, Pa. Murray, Samuel, 1017 Broadway, Kansas City, Mo. ^Deceased. 222 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Nagel, Theo. W., 1118 W. Lake st., Minneapolis, Minn. Newbold, Frederick E., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Niessen, Arthur A., 13th and Filbert sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Niessen, Leo., 13th and Filbert sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Nilsson, Wm., Woodlawn, N. Y. Nugent, John B., Jr., 42 W. 28th st., New York, N. Y. Nussbaumer, F., St. Paul, Minn. O'Mara, P., Grand st., Jersey City, N. J. Pennoek, A. J., Lansdowne, Pa. Pennock, J, L., 1514 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. Pennoek, S. S., 1612-18 Ludlow st., Philadelphia, Pa. Pierson, F. R., Tarrytown, N. Y. Poehlmann, Adolph H., Morton Grove, 111. Poehlmann, August, 35 Randolph st., Chicago, 111. Powell, L L., Millbrook, N. Y. Rackham, Geo. A., 880 Vandyke av., Detroit, Mich. Raynor, John I., 49 W. 28th st., New York, N. Y. Reinberg, Peter, 3468 N. Robey st., Chicago, 111. Roehrs, Julius, Rutherford, N. J. Rust, David, Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia, Pa. Schellhorn, Christian, Washington, D. C. Schnell, Miss Mattie, 131 Collinsville av., E. St. Louis, 111. Schulz, Fred Louis, 1325 Broadway, Louisville, Ky. Sheridan, W. F., 39 W. 28th st.. New York, N. Y. Sibson, J. F., McKean av., Germantown, Pa. Siebrecht, H. A., New Roehelle, N. Y. Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria, L. L City, N. Y. Simpson, Robt., Clifton, N. J. Skidelsky, S. S., 824 N. 24th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Smith, Elmer D., Adrian, Mich. Smith, W. Jarvis, 345 6th av., Pittsburg, Pa. Smith, W. R., Botanic Garden, Washington, D. C. Stewart, Wm. J., 11 Hamilton place, Boston, Mass. Sullivan, J. F., 220 Woodward av., Detroit, Mich. Swanson, Aug. S., Endicott arcade, St. Paul, Minn. Taylor, F. W., Denver, Colo. Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park, St. Louis, Mo. Thieman, H., Monson, Mass. Thome, Samuel, 43 Cedar st., New York, N. Y. Traendly, Frank H., 44 W. 28th st., New York, N. Y. Underwood, J. M., Lake City, Minn. Vaughan, J. C, 84-86 Randolph st., Chicago, 111. Vesey, W. J., 2602 Thompson av., Fort Wayne, Ind. Walker, H. G., 644 4th av., Louisville, Ky. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 223 Ward, C. W., Queens, N. Y. Washburn, C. L,, 76 Wabash av., Chicago, 111. Weber, Fred C, Jr., 4326 Olive st., St. Louis, Mo. Welch, E. J., 226 Devonshire st., Boston, Mass. Welch, P., 226 Devonshire st., Boston, Mass. Whitcomb, A. H., Lawrence, Kan. Whittman, Rudolph, West Hoboken, N. J. Wietor, N. J., 51 Wabash av., Chicago, 111. Will, O. A., 2405 19th av. N., Minneapolis, Minn. Will, Hugh S., 3500 19th av. N., Minneapolis, Minn. Williams, Frederick H., Waltham, Mass. Winterson, E. F., 45 Wabash av., Chicago, 111. Wirth, Theo., 3935 Grand av., Minneapolis, Minn. Witterstaetter, Richard, Sedamsville, O. Yost, C. C, 156 N. 8th st., Lebanon, Pa. Young, John, 51 W. 28th st.. New York, N. Y. Zweifel, Nic, 14th st. and Groeling av., Milwaukee, Wis. ANNUAL MEMBERS FOR 1908 Abbott, John, Hinsdale, Mass. Abele, Otto, 520 Joseph st., New Orleans, La. Adelberger, Frank, Wayne, Pa. Aggerholm, Axel, Onarga, HI. Allabaugh, Wm. W., Silverdale, Pa. Allen, J. K., 106 W. 28th st.. New York, N. Y. Amerpohl, Edw., 214 S. Main st., Janesville, Wis. Amling, Albert F., Box 646, Maywood, 111. Amling, E. C, 36 Randolph st., Chicago, 111. Amrhyn, G. X., Supt. Parks, New Haven, Conn. Anderson, S. A., 440 Main st., Buffalo, N. Y. Andre, John E., Doylestown, Pa. Armitage, Charles, 1133 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Armstrong, Miss J. O., 3720 Olive st., St. Louis, Mo. Arnold, W. A., 329 Balmoral av., Chicago, 111. Aschmann, Edw. J., 1012 Ontario st., Philadelphia, Pa. Aschmann, Godfrey, 1012 Ontario st., Philadelphia, Pa. 224 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Aschniann, Howard E., 1012 Ontario st., Philadelphia, Pa. Ashley, Ernest, 642 N. 4th st., Allentown, Pa. Atkins, F. L., Rutherford, N. J. Avery, F. P., Tunkhannock, Pa. Bader, John, 43 Ravine st., Allegheny, Pa. Bahr, Fritz, Highland Park, 111. Baker, W. J., 1430 S. Pennsylvania square, Philadelphia, Pa. Baldwin, A. J., Newark, 0. Baldwin, G., Secaueus, N. J. Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Philadelphia, Pa. Balsley, Harry, Detroit, Mich, Barker, Michael, 324 Dearborn st., Chicago, 111. Barron, M. Leonard, 133 E. 16th st., New York, N. Y. Barrows, Henry H., Jr., Whitman, Mass. Barry, J. J., 1609 Marion st., Washington, D. C. Barry, Wm. C, Rochester, N. Y. Bartels, F. C, North Olmstead, O. Bartholme, Gustav, Manlius st., Syracuse, N. Y. Bartholomew, Geo. W., R. R. No. 11, Dayton, O. Bate, Guy, E. Cleveland, O. Bather, John R., Clinton, la. Batley, A. E., Maynard, Mass. Battles, H. H., 108 S. 12th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Bauer, Otto, 13th and F sts., Washington, D. C. Baum, C. L., Knoxville, Tenn. Baum, F. P., 52 Kingsley st., Buffalo, N. Y. Baumann, Henry, West Hoboken, N. J. Baumann, L., 76-78 Wabash av., Chicago, 111. Baur, A. J., Erie, Pa. Bayersdorfer, Harry, 50-56 N. 14th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Beaulieu, Henri, Walker and Belmont avs., Woodhaven, N. Y. Beaven, E. A., Evergreen, Ala. Becker, Jacob, 52d and Market sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Beneke, J. J., 1216 Olive st., St. Louis, Mo. Bennett, John, Blue Point, L. I., N. Y. Benson, N. A., 1360 S. Sherman st., Denver, Colo. Berckmans, L. A., Augusta, Ga. Berkowitz, Paul, 1129 Arch st., Philadelphia, Pa. Berning, H. G., 1402 Pine st, St. Louis, Mo. Berno, Ed., 181 Hedges st., Mansfield, O. Berry, Frank, Stillwater, Minn. Berry, John, 224 ]\[esa Road, Colorado Springs, Colo. Berry, Robt. E., 118 W. 97th st.. New York, N. Y. Bertermann, Irwin C, Indianapolis, Ind. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 22.' Bester, H. A., 44 E. Baltimore st., Hagerstown, Md. Bester, William, 205 S. Potomac st., Hagerstown, Md. Betz, Harry S., Riverton, N. J. Beyer, Carl, 3619 S. Grand av., St. Louis, Mo. Beyer, Robert, 3619 S. Grand av., St. Louis, Mo. Billingsley, Wm., 201 N. Illinois st., Indianapolis, Ind. Bindloss, T. Palmer, 257 Montauk av.. New London, Conn. Birnie, John, West Hoboken, N. J. Blacker, Wm., Clearfield, Pa. Blackman, Wm., Evansville, Ind. Blackistone, Z. D., 14th and H sts., Washington, D. C. Bliek, Lloyd, 51 Granby st., Norfolk, Va. Bloy, Michael, 880 Van Dyke av., Detroit, Mich. Bobbink, L. C, Rutherford, N. J. Boeglein, Louis, 3800 Bryant av., Minneapolis, Minn. Boehringer, R. G., Bay City, Mich. Boettger, R. E., R. F. D. No. 1, Kenmore, N. Y. Bond, Geo. H., Louis st.. New Brunswick, N. J. Boone, J. W., Clifton Park, Baltimore, Md. Bowersox, R. G., Lewiston, Pa. Brague, L. B., Hinsdale, Mass. Brague, L. H., Hinsdale, Mass. Breck, Chas. H., 51 and 52 N. Market st., Boston, Mass. Breed, E. W., Clinton, Mass. Brown, Chas. J., Rochester, N. Y. Brown, Charles, Canton, O. Brown, H., 5 W. Broad st., Richmond, Va. Brown, Jas., Jr., Coatesville, Pa. Brown, R. S., Box 335, Kansas City, Mo. Brown, S. F., Greenfield, Mich. Brown, Wm. B., 308 Woodward av., Detroit, Mich. Browne, Geo. E., Greenfield, Mich. Brunner, C. F., Price Hill, Cincinnati, O. Bryant, L. D., Box 11, Kingston, Mass. Buettner, Emil, Park Ridge, 111. Bullock, Mrs. E. M., 812 Marion st., Elkhart, Ind. Burgevin, David, Kingston, N. Y. Burgevin, George, Pearl st., Kingston, N. Y, Burnham, Wm. A., Irvdngton, N. Y. Burnham, Wm. Wallace, 59th st. and 3d av., New York, N. Y, Burns, Alexander S., Woodside, N. Y. Burpee, W. Atlee, 5th and Willow sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Bush, Ernest J., R. F. D. No. 1, Hatboro, Pa. Butts, L. H., 448 N. Main st., Springfield, Mass. 226 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWEiNTY-FOUETH CONVENTION Byrnes, Peter S., Wickford, K. I. Callahan, M. J., care Stuppy Floral Co., St. Joseph, Mo. Campbell, H. P., Shamokin, Pa. Cantley, Kobt., Eidge and Lehigh sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Carmody, J. D., Evansville, Ind. Carney, W. H., 545 Liberty st., Pittsburg, Pa. Carr, Geo. W., Kingston, Pa. Castle, W. W., 170 Summer st., Boston, Mass. Chadwick, B., 14 Barclay st.. New York, N. Y. Champion, J. N., New Haven, Conn. Chandler, Miss Aleda, Berlin, N. Y. Childs, John Lewis, Floral Park, L. I., N. Y. Clack, Sidney, Menlo Park, Cal. Clark, Edw., New London, Conn. Clauson, G. A., Albert Lea, Minn. Clarke, W. A., 222 Oliver av., Pittsburg, Pa. Cloud, Geo. W., Devon, Pa. Cloudsley, J. Roland, Main and Balcom sts., Buffalo, N. Y. Coddington, L. B., Murray Hill, N. J. Cogger, Thos., 280 Main st., Rochester, N. Y. Coles, W. W., Kokomo, Ind. Connon, J. M., Webster Groves, Mo. Connon, John, Hamilton, Ont. Connor, D. T., 50th and Spruce sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Connor, J. E., Coatesville, Pa. Cook, Henry, 542 Lowerline st.. New Orleans, La. Cook, John, 318 N. Charles st., Baltimore, Md. Cook, John A., 318 N. Charles st., Baltimore, Md. Cook, M., 143 Baronne st.. New Orleans, La. Coombs, John, 688 Main st., Hartford, Conn. Corbett, L. C, Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Cotter, Lawrence, Jamestown, N. Y. Cowell, J. F., Botanic Garden, Buffalo, N. Y. Craig, George, 211 S. 11th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Craig, W. N., North Easton, Mass. Craig, W. P., 1305 Filbert st., Philadelphia, Pa. Crandall, H. L., 2 Harrison av., Glens Falls, N. Y. Craw, Lyman B., 1133 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Crighton, Wm., Eowayton, Conn. Crowell, S. W., Mgr. U. S. Nursery Co., Eich, Miss. Crump, Frank F., 509 E. Columbia st., Colorado Springs, Colo. Cummings, W. W., Meridian, Miss. Cushman, E. H., Sylvania, O. Cutler, O. W., Niagara Falls, N. Y. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN PLOEISTS 227 Dallwig, C, 34 Juneau av., Milwaukee, Wis. Darrow, H. F., 26 Barclay st., New York, N. Y. *Davis, F. P., Mobile, Ala. Davis, Jos. B., Wildmont, Orange, N. J. Davis, J. W., Morrison, 111. Dean, Daniel, Little Silver, N. J. De La Mare, A. T., Rhinelander Bldg., New York, N. Y. Demas, P. J., 15 Diamond sq., Pittsburg, Pa. Demeusy, A., Clarkson st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Denker, Edwin, St. Charles, Mo. Dickinson, Charles, W. Taylor and The River, Chicago, 111. Dickinson, Geo. E., 1 Broadway, N. Y. Diedrich, Theo., Congress Heights, Washington, D. C. Dieterich, C. P., 219 Market st., Maysville, Ky. Dildine, W. H., 144 N. Union st., Rochester, N. Y. Dilger, Wm., Belle Isle, Detroit, Mieh. Dillon, Max Gr., Bloomsburg, Pa. Dillon, Mrs. J. L., Bloomsburg, Pa. Dirwanger, Albert, Portland, Me. Dobbs, Wm. G., Auburn, N. Y. Dodds, John, Wyncote,. Pa. Doerhofer, F., 377 11th av., Long Island City, N. Y. Donaldson, John, Elmhurst, L. I,, N. Y. Dorner, Herman B., Urbana, 111. Dorp, Victor B., 818 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. Dreer, Wm. F., 714 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. Duckham, Wm., Madison, N. J. Dudley, C. P., Parkersburg, W. Va. Duggan, T. W., Brampton, Ontario. Dungan, E. C, 1711 Filbert st., Philadelphia, Pa. Dunlop, John H., 644 Lansdowne av., Toronto, Can. Dunman, Wm., care Printers' Home, Colorado Springs, Colo. Du Rie, W. B., Rahway, N. J. Dwight, C. G., Janesville, Wis. Dysinger, S. D., 20 W. 50th st., St. Paul, Minn. Eble, Charles, 106 Baronne st.. New Orleans, La. Edlefsen, Wm., 349 3d st., Milwaukee, Wis. Edwards, Geo. J., 29 and 31 N. 7th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Eger, W. C, 1408 State st., Schenectady, N. Y. Eichholz, Henry, Waynesboro, Pa. Eisele, C, 11th and Roy sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Eisele, J. D., Riverton, N. J. ^Deceased. 228 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Elder, Andrew, Irvington, N. Y. Ellis, R. H., Leamington, Ont. Ellsworth, E. D., Kansas City, Mo. Ellsworth, W. J., Jesamine, Fla. Elverson, W. H., New Brighton, Pa. Engel, Geo., Xenia, 0. ^ Enggren, E. L., Aqueduct, L. I., N. Y. Ernst, Otto F., 77 Cedar st., Norwich, Conn. Eschner, B., 1220 Race st., Philadelphia, Pa. Espy, C. W., Brookville, Pa. Espy, J. M., Brookville, Pa. Falconer, Wm., Pittsburg, Pa. Fancourt, E. J., 1612-18 Ludlow st., Philadelphia, Pa. Faulkner, A. F., 1133 Broadway, New Y^ork, N. Y. Fehr, A. G., 220 E. Main St., Belleville, 111. Fenrich, J. S., 110 W. 28th st.. New York, N. Y. Ferguson, Oswald K., R. F. D. No. 1, Boyee Station, Pa. Fetters, E. A., 275 Woodward av., Detroit, Mich. Fiesser, J. H., North Bergen, N. J. Fillmore, F. J., 4232 Nebraska av., St. Louis, Mo. . Firkin, Edw., P. O. Box 776, Bridgeport, Conn. Fisher, Peter, Ellis, Mass. Fitzgerald, Augustus, 131 Lincoln av., Detroit, Mich. Flitton, N. F., Patterson Park, Baltimore, Md. Floto, Frank A., Waterbury, Conn. Fohn, Carl U., care Gen. Wm. J. Palmer, Colorado Springs, Colo. Foley, Philip J., 26th st. and Western av., Chicago, 111. Forbes, James, Portland, O. Forest, Jacob, Greenfield, Ind. Ford, C. S., 4515 West Park, Philadelphia, Pa. Ford, M. C, 48 W. 28th st.. New York, N. Y. Fotheringham, John R., Tarrytown, N. Y. Frauenfelder, C, 1602 W. Madison st., Chicago, 111. Friedley, Frank A., Rocky River, O. Frishkorn, Aug., 103 Federal st., Pittsburg, Pa. Fuchs, J. J., 1710 Carson st., Pittsburg, Pa. Fulmer, J. T. D., Thompson place, Union Park, Des Moines, la. Gaethje, Henry, 1607 2d av., Rock Island, 111. Gammage, W. W., London, Ont. Cause, G. R., Richmond, Ind. Geiger, Henry C, North Wales, Pa. George, E. B., Painesville, 0. Gerlach, Wm., Jr., Lexington, Ky. Gibson, W. R., Columbus, O. SOCIETY OF AMEEICAN FLOEISTS 229 Giles, Jolin H., Keadiiig, Pa. Gillett, E. G., 113 E. 3d st., Cincinnati, O. Gingrich, Irving, South Bend, Ind. Gipner, John, Niles, Mich. Glauber, Emil, Montclair, Colo. Goldenson, Morris, 229 W. 3d st., Los Angeles, Cal. Golsner, Geo. J., College Point, N. Y. Goodlive, J. T., 602 Greenwood av., Zanesville, O. Goudy, Jos. J., 714 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. Gracey, John C, 28th st. and Columbia av., Philadelphia, Pa. Graff, Wm., Columbus, O. Graham, C. J., 2849 Euclid av., Cleveland, 0. Graham, Geo. L., Bradford, Pa. Graham, Eobert L., 623 Asquith st., Baltimore, Md. Graham, Wm., 5615 Germantown av., Philadelphia, Pa. Grant, G. L., 334 Dearborn st., Chicago, 111. Gravett, W. E., Lancaster, 0. Greene, Wesley, Des Moines, la. Gregg, S. A., Charleston, W. Va. Griffin, Arthur, Ledge road, Newport, K. I. Grillbortzer, D. G., Alexandria, Va. Groff, H. H., Simcoe, Ont. Grohman, E. A., Saginaw, E. S., Mich. Guenther, Chas. T., Hamburg, N. Y. Haentze, E., Fond du Lac, Wis. Hagemann, William, 55 Dey st., New York, N. Y. Hahman, F., Sta. P., 33d Ward, Philadelphia, Pa. Hall, W. E., Clyde, O. Hall, W. S., Osage, la. Halliday, Eobt., 329 N. Charles st., Baltimore, Md. Halstead, A. S., Belleville, 111. Hammond, W. A., 107 E. Broad st., Eichmond, Va. Hanig, A., Fulton and Gallatin pi., Brooklyn, N. Y. Hannaford, E. E., Portsmouth, N. H. Hansen, Miss Elise H,, Catskill, N. Y. Harper, C. W., 24 Clifford av., Zanesville, O. Harper, Wm. W., Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Harrison, W. C, Painesville, O. Harry, Winfield S., 114 Harry st., Conshohocken, Pa. Hart, A. A., 8419 Lake av., Cleveland, O. Hart, B. L., 1369 Elliott st., Cleveland, O. Hart, Geo. B., Eochester, N. Y. Hart, H. A., 8400 Detroit av., Cleveland, O. Hatcher, J. C, 50 Main st., Amsterdam, N. Y. 230 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Hauswirth, J. Edwin, 232 Michigan av., Chicago, 111. Hawkes, D. F., Wheaton, 111. Hayden, Frank, care Colorado Springs Floral Co., Colorado Springs, Colo. Heacock, Joseph, Wyncote, Pa. Head, Thos. W., Groton, Conn. Heinl, Otto, 113 S. 6th st., Terre Haute, Ind. Heite, Chas. E., 1116 Walnut st., Kansas City, Mo. Hellenthal, J. J., 32 East Moler st., Columbus, O. Heller, H., Newcastle, Ind. Heller, W. C, Moutpelier, O. Henderson, Charles, 35-37 Cortlandt st., New York, N. Y. Henderson, Lewis, 1519 Farnum st., Omaha, Neb. Hennon, Chas. D,, Wampum, Pa. Hennon, Edw. A., Newcastle, Pa. Henry, F. H., 97 Water st., New York, N. Y. Henshaw, A. M., 44 W. 28th st., New York, N. Y. Hentz, Henry, Jr., Madison, N. J. Herendeen, F. W., Geneva, N. Y. Herman, O. H., 10 Pearl st.. Council Bluffs, la. Herr, Albert M., P. O. Box 338, Lancaster, Pa. Herrmann, A., 404-412 E. 34th st.. New York, N. Y. Hess, Conrad, 329 Friendship av., Waverly, Md. Hess, John J., 1415 Farnam st., Omaha, Neb. Hewsom, C. J., 1639 Abbott road, Buffalo, N. Y. Hey, Albert T., Western Springs, 111. Hill, E. Gurney, Richmond, Ind. *Hippard, E., Youngstown, O. Hitchcock, E. H., Glenwood, Mich. Hoehl, Ernest F., 604 Gibson av., W^est Philadelphia, Pa. Hoffmeister, August, White st. near Queen City av., Cincinnati, 0. Holbrow, C. E., 712 Washington st., Brighton, Mass. Holton, Fred H., 457 Milwaukee st., Milwaukee, Wis. Holznagel, Frank, Highland Park, Mich. Honaker, D. B., 162 W. Main st., Lexington, Ky. Honaker, O. S., 162 W. Main st., Lexington, Ky. Horgan, Daniel C, Macon, Ga. Horlacher, W., Dayton, O. Hornecker, Henry, 172 S. Grove st., East Orange, N. J. Howard, H. B., 334 Dearborn st., Chicago, 111. Hunnick, R., Berkeley av., Newport, R. I. Hunt, Chas., Box 258, Pt. Richmond, S. I., N. Y. Huntsman, Frank, 609 Walnut st., Cincinnati, O. *Deceased. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 233 Huss, J. F., 1103 Asylum av., Hartford, Conn. Irish, H. C, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Mo. Jackson, Fred S., 270 State st., Bridgeport, Conn. Jackson, J. E., Gainesville, Ga, Jaenicke, Adolph, Floral Park, N. Y. Jansen, Edw., 112-116 W. ISth st.. New York, N. Y. Jenkiuson, Tlios. P., 922 Farragut st., Pittsburg, Pa. Jensen, Andrew, 19-23 Hager st., Buffalo, N. Y. Jensen, J. E., 674 W. Foster av., Chicago, 111. Johnson, George, 18 Earl st.. Providence, R. I, Johnson, Mrs. Fred H., 45 Whitney av., Olean, N. Y. Johnson, H. W., Kendallville, Ind. Jones, J. E., 542 N. 14th st., Richmond, Ind. Jones, S. Morris, West Grove, Pa. Juengel, Charles A., 1837-1847 S. 14th st., St. Louis, Mo. Juerjens, B., Peoria, lU. Jurgens, Carl, Newport, R. I. Just, George, Main st. and Evergreen av., Jacksonville, Fla. Kalb, Geo. S., Catonsville, Md. Kanst, E. A., 5700 Cottage Grove av., Chicago, 111. KapUnger, J. H., Govanstown, Md. Karins, J. J., 714 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. Karlstrom, R., South Orange, N. J. Keitsch, Chas. H., 810 Main st., Buffalo, N. Y. Keller, George, 361-363 Herndon st., Chicago, 111. Keller, S., 122 W. 25th st., New York, N. Y. Kemble, I. O., Marshalltown, la. Kenna, Dennis, 257 E. Ontario st., Chicago, 111. Kennedy, C. W., Oil City, Pa. Kessler, Phil F., 55 W. 26th st., New York, N. Y. Kidder, Harvey E., Ionia, Mich. Kift, Robert, 1725 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. King, R. O., N. Tonawanda, N. Y. Kinsman, A. N., Austin, Minn. Kirchner, T. J., 6701 Quiney av., Cleveland, O. Klehm, Charles, Arlington Heights, 111. Klopfer, G., Peoria, 111. Knight, Thomas, 8082 Metropolitan Bldg., New York, N. Y. Knoble, H. P., 1836 W. 25th st., Cleveland, O. Koch, C. E., 326 Clarkson st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Kocher, Fred, Gibsonia, Pa. Koehler, Wm. H., 1623 Cayuga st., Philadelphia, Pa. Kramer, F. H., Washington, D. C. Kramer, J. A,, Cedar Rapids, la. 232 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOUETH CONVENTION Krick, W. C, 1164 Greene av., Brooklyn, N. Y. Krombach, Charles, 181 25th st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Krueger, August, Meadville, Pa. Krueger, C. F., P. & R. Terminal, Philadelphia, Pa. Krut, Anton, Jr., Butler, Pa. Kuhl, George A., Pekin, 111. Kyrk, L. H., 110 E. 3d st., Cincinnati, O. Labo, J., Joliet, 111. Lager, John E., Summit, N. J. Lamb, James M., Fayetteville, N. C. Lambert, Y. E., Robinson st., Atlanta, Ga. Lamborn, L. L., Alliance, O. Langhans, A., Wheeling, W. Ya. Langhans, T. P., 504 Liberty st., Pittsburg, Pa. Larson, P. L., Fort Dodge, la. Larzelere, C. E., 126 S. 4th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Lautenschlager, Fred, 2561 N. 41st court, Chicago, 111. Laver, J. Y., 705 State st., Erie, Pa. Leach, M. J., Pawtucket, R. L Leasure, James W., 104 Main st., Bradford, Pa. Lehr, Henry M., Brooklyn, Md. Leonard, W. A., Lansdowne, Pa. Lewis, Henry K., Dorothy, N. J. Loew, William, 914 Pike st., Allegheny, Pa. Logan, Thomas W., Jenkintown, Pa. Long, D. B., 131/2 Snow st., Buffalo, N. Y. Lonsdale, Edwin, Girard College, Philadelphia, Pa. Lorenz, Geo., Grand av.. Long Island City, N. Y. Ludwig, Gustave, 208 Allegheny Market, Allegheny, Pa. Ludwig, J. W., Allegheny Market, Allegheny, Pa. Lueck, Edward, Westerley, R. I. Lynch, P. J., West Grove, Pa. MacRorie, D., S. Orange, N. J. Manda, Joseph A., 191 Valley road, West Orange, N. J. Manker, Frank, cor. Gravesend and Greenwood avs., Brooklyn, N. Y. Mansfield, Thos., 481 Holly st., Lockport, N. Y. Mansfield, Wm. H., 481 Holly st., Lockport, N. Y. Marshall, W. E., 146 W. 23d st., New York, N. Y. Martin, F. W., 280-290 40th st., Chicago, 111. Marty, J. M., Jr., 522 Prospect av., N. W., Cleveland, O. Masur, S., 236 Fulton st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Matthews, Warren G., Dayton Floral Co., Dayton, O. Maule, Wm. H., 1711 Filbert st., Philadelphia, Pa. May, Harry O., Summit, N. J. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 233 McCauly, Chas. S., Geneva, 111. McClure, Geo. E., 832 W. Delavan av., Buffalo, N. Y. MeClure, Geo. W., 832 W. Delavan av., Buffalo, N. Y. MeConnell, Alex., 571 5th av.. New York, N. Y. MeCullough, Albert, 316 Walnut st., Cincinnati, O. McCullough, J. Chas., 2d and Walnut sts., Cincinnati, O. McHutchison, J., 17 Murray st., New York, N. Y. McKellar, C. W., 51 Wabash av., Chicago, 111. McLennan, Robt., Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. McMahon, Frank, Rumson, N. J. MePheron, R. A., Litchfield, 111. Meehan, Thos. B., Dreshertown, Pa. MelHs, D. Y., Flatbush, Brooklyn, N. Y. Merkel, John, Mentor, O. Meyers, Frank P., Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Meyn, Henry, 2045 Germantown av., Philadelphia, Pa. Michell, H. F., 1018 Market st., Philadelphia, Pa. Michler, L. A., Lexington, Ky. Miesen, John, Elmhurst, L. I., N. Y. Miller, A. L., Station E, Brooklyn, N. Y. Miller, Alex., Dallas, Tex. Miller, G. Robert, 3710 High av., Louisville, Ky. Miller, N. P., Wilmette, 111. Miller, Theodore, 4832 Delmar blvd., St. Louis, Mo. Miller, William, Bar Harbor, Me. Mills, C. D., Jacksonville, I'la. Mills, Mark P., 55th and Springfield sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Molloy, Wm. F., Wellesley, Mass. Montgomery, Robt., Natick, Mass. Moon, S. C, Morrisville, Pa. Moon, W. H., Morrisville, Pa. Moss, C. A., Spartanburg, S. C. Moss, I. H., Govanstown, Md. Mueller, Chas. P., Wichita, Kan. Munk, A. L., Mt. Gilead, O. Murphy, C. C, Station F, Cincinnati, O. Myers, Barnard S., Lancaster, N. Y. Naumann, G. M., 1633 E. 105th st., Cleveland, O. Neilson, Neil, Mankato, Minn. Newbury, E. C, Mitchell, S. D. Newman, J. R., Winchester, Mass. Nichols, John, 122 Broadway, Scotdale, Pa. Nicholson, Wm., Framingham, Mass. Noe, John, Congers, N. Y. 234 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Oelschig, A. C, Savannah, Ga. Olds, W. J., 22 Warden st.. Union City, Pa. Olsem, Peter, Joliet, 111. O'Quinn, J. L., Polk and Swain sts., Raleigh, N. C. Pahud, Alfred, Crown Hill Cemetery, Indianapolis, Ind. Palinsky, W. L., 66 Palmer av., Chicago, 111. Palmer, F. E., Brookline, Mass. Palmer, W. J., 304 Main st., Bufiealo, N. Y. Papworth, H., New Orleans, La. Parker, John L., Birmingham, Ala. Partridge, Wm. K., 148 E. 4th st., Cincinnati, O. Pastor, Geo., Huntington, Ind. Patten, Marcellus A., Tewksbury, Mass. Pattison, Thos., Campbell av.. West Haven, Conn. Paul, Oglesby, 220 S. 4th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Pautke, Fred, Grosse Pointe, Mich. Payne, John A., 260 Culver av., Jersey City, N. J. Pearce, Hubert V., 6 Adams av.. West, Detroit, Mich. Peck, S. N., 1707 Broadway, Toledo, O. Pegler, Thos., Park st., Boston, Mass. Peirce, E. Allen, Waltham, Mass. Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic st., Cleveland, O. Perkins, G. C, Newark, N. Y. Perry, John J., 505 N. Eutaw st., Baltimore, Md. Perry, W. B., Cresco, la. Peterson, Arthur, Escanaba, Mich. Peterson, Charles, Whiting st., West Hartford, Conn. Peterson, J. A., McHenry av., Westwood, Cincinnati, O. Petzke, Ernest A., Hixton, Wis. Phillips, James A., Washington, D. C. Phillips, J. v., 272 Fulton st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Philpott, H. E., Winnipeg, Man. Pierce, Edward L., care A. H. Hews & Co., North Cambridge, Mass, Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough, N. Y. Pierson, Wallace R., Cromwell, Conn. Pilcher, W. J., Kirkwood, Mo. Pillsbury, I. L., 223 E. Main st., Galesburg, 111. Piorkovski, F. R., White Plains, N. Y. Plath, Hans, 510 Wyoming st., San Francisco, Cal. Piatt, Frank S., 376 State st.. New Haven, Conn. Plumb, Chas. H., 660 Newland av., Detroit, Mich. Pochelon, Albert, 153 Bates st., Detroit, Mich. Pontes, Frank, 13th and Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. Pollworth, C. C, 54 City Hall square, Mihvaukee, Wis. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 235 Ponting, Fred, 303 Eddy road, Station H, Cleveland, O. Pyfer, A. T., 388 Duncan st., Joliet, III. Pyle, Robert, 129 E. Evergreen st., West Grove, Pa. Quinlan, P. R., 311 S. Salina st., Syracuse, N. Y. Rahaley, R. M., 38 Broadway, Detroit, Mich. Randolph, P. S., Stanton av. and McKee st., Pittsburg, Pa. Rasmussen, Anders, New Albany, Ind. •^Rawson, Warren W., 5 Union st., Boston, Mass. Rea, Frederic J., Norwood, Mass. Reasoner, E. N., Oneco, Fla. Reed, Wm. N., 122 W. 25th st., New York, N. Y. Reeser, Harry, Springfield, 0. Rehder, Wm., Wilmington, N. C. Rehm, Henry, 500 Cherokee st., New Orleans, La. Reichert, Geo. J., 2235 Genesee st., Buffalo, N. Y. Reid, Edw,, 1526 Ranstead st., Philadelphia, Pa. Reimels, John, Woodhaven, L. I., N. Y. Reineman, E. C, 1145 N. Negley st., Pittsburg, Pa. Rentschler, Fred, 1301 Williamson st., Madison, Wis. Rentschler, Geo., Madison, Wis. Reukauf, Martin, 1129 Arch st., Philadelphia, Pa. Reuter, L. J., Westerley, R. I. Reuter, S. J., Westerley, R. I. Rich, W. W., 66 Beaver st., New York, N. Y. Richmond, Mack, 1813 N. Pulaski st., Baltimore, Md. •^Rieger, Christian, Forbes and Boyd sts., Pittsburg, Pa. Rieman, H. W., 1207 S. East st., Indianapolis, Ind. Riley Geo. P., Whitney Ekstein Seed Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Rindfleiseh, Jno., Beloit, Wis. Ringier, A., 161 E. Kinzie st., Chicago, 111. Ritter, Herman H., 435 Grand av., Dayton, O. Robbins, Jesse, Carlisle, Pa. Robertson, Duncan A., 1490 Newport av., Chicago, 111. Robertson, Wm., care J. W. Pepper, Jenkintown, Pa. Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville, Ky. Rock, W. L., 1116 Walnut st., Kansas City, Mo. Rockwell, W. C, Bradford, Pa. Roebling, Chas. G., 333 W. State st., Trenton, N. J. Roehrs, Julius, Jr., Rutherford, N. J. Roehrs, Theo., 511 E. 176th st., New York, N. Y. Rohrer, H. D., Lancaster, Pa. Roland, Thomas, Nahant, Mass. *Deceased. 236 PKOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOUKTH CONVENTION Rolker, Jos. E., 31 Barclay st., New York, N. Y. Rolker, Winfried, 31 Barclay st., New l^ork, N. Y. Rosenfiekl, J. F., West Point, Neb. Rosnosky, I., 1018 Market st., Philadelphia, Pa. Rudd, W. N., Morgan Park, 111. Ruedlinger, C. N., 2924 S. Aldrieh av., Minneapolis, Minn. Runyan, E., Elizabeth, N. J. Rupp, N. J., 297-307 Hawthorne av., Chicago, 111. Ruppert, John A., Kiverton, N. J. Rusconi, D., 32 W. 6th st., Cincinnati, 0. Rush, Louis, 137 34th st,, Detroit, Mich. Sabransky, John F., Kenton, O. Sackett, E. E., Fostoria, O. Salter, A. H., Rochester, N. Y. Samuelson, C. A., 2129 Michigan av., Chicago, 111. Sandiford, Chas., 124 Cleveland av., Buffalo, N. Y. Sandiford, Eobt., Mansfield, 0. Satterthwaite, John, 34th av. and Downing st., Denver, Colo. Sawyer, Herbert L., 27 W. Bay st., Jacksonville, Fla. Schafer, C. E., La Crosse, Wis. Schloss, Emil, 533 Broadway, New Y'ork, N. Y. Schmidt, Wm., 208 Franklin st., Johnstown, Pa. Schmitt, Chas. A., 142 Burton av., Station H, Cleveland, O. Schmutz, L., 131 Clarkson st., Flatbush, Brooklyn, N. Y. Schneider, A. H., Oak Park, 111. Schneider, Joseph, Congers, N. Y. Schray, Emile, 4101 Pennsylvania av., St. Louis, Mo. Schreiner, Nicholas, 301 W. 114th st., New York, N. Y. Schultheis, A., College Point, N. Y. Schulz, Jacob, 644 Fourth av., Louisville, Ky. Schuneman, G. T., Baldwins, L. I., N. Y. Schupp, Philip C, J. A. Budlong Estate, Chicago, 111. Schwab, Henry, 730 Adair av., Zanesville, O. Sehwake, Charles, 99 Warren st.. New York, N. Y. Scott, A. B., Sharon Hill, Del. Co., Pa. Scott, C. W., 14 Barclay st.. New York, N. Y. Scott, David J., Corfu, N. Y. Scott, John, Flatbush, Brooklyn, N. Y. Scott, R. A., Main and Balcom sts., Buffalo, N. Y. Scott, Wm. B., Main and Balcom sts., Buffalo, N. Y. Scribner, E. A., 604 E. Fort st., Detroit, Mich. Seales, Hugh, Birmingham, Ala. Seeley, H. D., Elkhart, Ind. Seidewitz, E. A., 36 W. Lexington st., Baltimore, Md. SOCIETY OF AMEKICAN FLORISTS 237 Seybold, Chas. L., Carroll Park, Baltimore, Md. Shaffer, C. A., Alexandria, Ya. Shaffer, Geo. C, 14th and I sts., Washington, D. C. Shaw, J. Austin, 1310 49th st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Sim, William, Cliftondale, Mass. Simmonds, S., 1500 New Hampshire av., Washington, D. C. Simpson, E., East Liverpool, O. Sinram, A. C, 1555 Arapahoe st., Denver, Colo. Sked, J. A., care Park Floral Co., Denver, Colo. Slattery, E. A., 523 Fargo av., Buffalo, N. Y. Smith, A. W., 345 6th av., Pittsburg, Pa. Smith, Frank M., 735 Euclid av., Cleveland, 0. Smith, Geo. W., 606 Huron road, Cleveland, O. Smith, Harry J., Maple st., Hinsdale, Mass. Smith, Henry, 139 Monroe st.. Grand Rapids, Mich. Smith, W. C, 61st and Market sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Smith, William, 1316 Pine st., St. Louis, Mo. Smyth, W. J., 270 31st st., Chicago, 111. Speidel, Joseph, 304 Main st., Buffalo, N. Y. Speidel, Otto, Oconomowoc, Wis. Stache, Herman C, 649 Second st., Manchester, N. H. Stanch, M., Nashville, Tenn, Steidle, J., Central, Mo. Steinhoff, H. C, 578 Boulevard, West Hoboken, N. J. Sten, John E., Red Wing, Minn. Stern, S. B., Montgomery, Ala. Stevens, Wm. H., Elmira, N. Y. Stiles, Geo., 139 W. Main st., Oklahoma City, Okla. Stoehr, R. C, Dayton, O. Stokes, Walter P., 219 Market st., Philadelphia, Pa. Stoll, O. A., Oxford, Mich. Streit, Joseph, 495 Elmwood av., Buffalo, N. Y. Strohlein, Geo. A., Riverton, N. J. Stroud, E. A., Philadelphia, Pa. Stroup, T. Bradford, New Philadelphia, O. Struck, Geo. F., 8082 Metropolitan bldg., New York, N. Y. Stuebe, Wm. J., 404 Main st., Watertown, Wis. Suder, Mrs. E., 323 Adams st., Toledo, O. Sullivan, Ernest V., 214 Woodward av., Detroit, Mich. Sullivan, Norman A., 214 Woodward av., Detroit, Mich. Sw.ayne, Wm., Box 226, Kennett Square, Pa. Swenson, Gustav, Elmhurst, 111. Swoboda, Geo. H., 5807 N. 24th st., Omaha, Neb. Syninnds, W. T., Deeorah, la. 238 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Taepke, Gus H., 450 Elmwood av., Detroit, Mich. Taplin, W. H., Flatbusli, L. I., N. Y. Taylor, Edward J., Greens Farms, Conn. Teachout, A. W., Madison, O. Temple, J. T., Davenport, la. Thau, M., Govanstown, Md. Thilow, J. Otto, 714 Chestnut st., Philadelphia, Pa. Thomas, Joseph, 200 N. Main st., Greensburg, Pa. Thomas, Victor H., Augusta, Ky. Thompson, J. D., Joliet, 111. Tillotson, Geo. S., 43 Water st.. Tiffin, O. TODier, H., Traverse City, Mich. Totty, Charles H., Madison, N. J. Treffenger, C. H., Van Wert, O. Trimble, W. E., Princeton, 111. Turner, Harry, Port Washington, L. I., N. Y. Turner, Lewis, Kenosha, Wis. Turner, J. T., Union City, Pa. Ude, F. W., Jr., Kirkwood, Mo. Ulrich, E. J., Tiffin, O. Unger, E. W., 239 Van Dyke av., Detroit, Mich. Valentine, J. A., 1706 Broadway, Denver, Col. Van Herfe, B., 99 Nassau st.. New York, N. Y. Vaughan, L. H., 84 Randolph st., Chicago, 111. Vick, Albert Fred, Box 613, Rochester, N. Y. Vick, Chas. H., Rochester, N. Y. Vick, F. W., Rochester, N. Y. Vincent, R., Jr., White Marsh, Md. Vincent, R. A., White Marsh, Md. Vineca, E. W., New Salem, Mass. Virgin, Uriah J., 838 Canal st., New Orleans, La. Wachendorf, C. J., 502 Simpson av., Atlanta, Ga. Waite, W. H., Greystown, Yonkers, N. Y. Waldbart, Geo., 516 N. Grand av., St. Louis, Mo. Waldbart, Alexander, Hamilton av. and Horton place, St. Louis, Mo. Walker, John, Youngstown, O. *Wallace, Alex., Rhinelander bldg.. New York, N. Y. Walsh, M. H., Woods Hole, Mass. Warburton, C, 81 New Boston road. Fall River, Mass. Ward, W. C, 577 Adams st., Quincy, Mass. Warnke, William, 3744 Woodlawn av., S. E., Cleveland, O. Washburn, Frank L., Bloomington, HI. *Deceased. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 239 Watson, John, 13 Grant st., Newark, N. Y. Weathered, C. B., 46-48 Marion st., New York, N. Y. Weaver, A., 173 E. Main st., Massillon, O. Weber, Chas., Lynbrook, L. I., N. Y. Weber, F. C, 4326 Olive st., St. Lonis, Mo. Weber, F. H., Boyle & Maryland av., St. Louis, Mo. Weeber, Chas. G., 33 Buckingham road, Brooklyn, N. Y, Weiland, Geo., 602 Davis st., Evanston, 111. Weir, John R., 324 Fulton st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Welch, David, 226 Devonshire st., Boston, Mass. Wertheimer, S. B., 465 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Westcott, John, Ridge and Lehigh avs., Philadelphia, Pa. Westcott, Wm. B., Ridge and Lehigh avs., Philadelphia, Pa. Westcott, Wm. H., Ridge and Lehigh avs., Philadelphia, Pa. Wheeler, Wilfred, Concord, Mass. Whelan, F. A., Mt. Vernon, Va. Whilldin, John G., Philadelphia, Pa. White, John, Pittsfield, Mass. Whitted, Miss H. B., 34 South 5th st., Minneapolis, Minn. Wiegand, A,, 1610 N. Illinois st., Indianapolis, Ind. Wiegand, Geo. B., 1610 N. Illinois st., Indianapolis, Ind. Wienhoeber, E., 417 Elm st., Chicago, 111. Wienhoeber, G. W., 417 Elm st., Chicago, 111. Wilcox, J. F., Council Bluffs, la. Wilcox, Roy F., Council Bluffs, la. Wild, Ludwig, Boundbrook, N. J. Wilson, Amanda L., cor. Mildred and Pleasant sts., Montgomery, Ala. Wilson, Andrew, Summit, N. J. Wilson, Jas. S., Des Moines, la. Windier, Robt., 2300 S. Grand av., St. Louis, Mo. Winter, Wm., N. Taylor st., Kirkwood, Mo. Winterich, C, Defiance, O, Wintzer, A., West Grove, Pa. Wise, Byron P., 718 Garfield bldg., Cleveland, O. Wise, L. H., Woburn, Mass. Withers, John T., 1 Montgomery st., Jersey City, N. J. Wittbold, Geo., 1657 Buckingham place, Chicago, 111. Witthun, Fred C, 3604 W. 25th st., Cleveland, O. Wittrup, Immanuel, Marshall, Mo. Wohlert, A. E., Merion, Pa. Wolf, John, Ott and Anderson sts., Savannah, Ga. Wolff, J., Jr., 1617 N. 19th st., Philadelphia, Pa. Wyatt, S. M., Watseka, 111. Yale, Thomas G., Wellington, O. 240 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Yates, Walter N., 7356 GermantoAvn av., Philadelphia, Pa. Young, J. W., Germantown, Pa. Zangen, O. V., Hoboken, N. J. Zeller, Alfred, 442 Clarkson st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Zettler, L. J., Canton, O. Zimmerman, J. F., 6624 Penn av., Pittsburg, Pa. Zvolanek, Ant. C, Boundbrook, N. J. LIST OF MEMBERS BY STATES ALABAMA. J. L. Parker, Birmingham, State Vice-President. Beaven, E. A., Evergreen. *Davis, F. P., Mobile. Parker, John L., Birmingham. Seales, Hugh, Birmingham. Stern, S. B., Montgomery. Wilson, Amanda L., cor. Mildred and Pleasant sts., Montgomery. CALIFORNIA. Sidney Clack, Menlo Park, State Vice-President. Clack, Sidney, Menlo Park. Goldenson, Morris, 229 W. 3d st., Los Angeles. Plath, Hans, 510 Wyoming st., San Francisco. COLORADO. N. A. Benson, Denver, State Vice-President. Benson, N. A., 1360 S. Sherman st., Denver. Berry, Johr, 224 Mesa Road, Colorado Springs. *Deceased. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 241 Crump, Frank F., 509 E. Columbia st., Colorado Springs. Dunman, Wm., care Printers ' Home, Colorado Springs. Fohn, Carl U., care Gen. W. J. Palmer, Colorado Springs. Glauber, Emil, Montelair. Hayden, Frank, care Colorado Springs Floral Co., Colorado Springs. Satterthwaite, John, 34th av. and Downing st., Denver. Sinram, A. C, 1555 Arapahoe st., Denver. Sked, J. A., care Park Floral Co., Denver, Taylor,-F. W., Denver (Life). Valentine, J. A., 1706 Broadway, Denver. CONNECTICUT. G. X. Amrhyn, New Haven, State Vice-President. Amrhyn, G. X., Supt. Parks, New Haven. Bindloss, T. Palmer, 257 Montauk av., New London. Champion, J. N., New Haven. Clark, Edw., New London. Coombs, John, 688 Main st., Hartford. Crighton, Wm., Rowayton. Ernst, Otto F., 77 Cedar st., Norwich. Firkin, Edw., P. O. Box 776, Bridgeport. Floto, Frank A., Waterbury. Head, Thos. W., Groton. Huss, J. F., 1103 Asylum av., Hartford. Jackson, Fred S., 270 State st., Bridgeport. Pattison, Thos., Campbell av.. West Haven. Peterson, Chas., Whiting st., West Hartford. Pierson, Wallace R., Cromwell. Piatt, Frank S., 376 State st., New Haven. Taylor, Edward J., Greens Farms. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Geo. H. Cooke, Washington, State Vice-President, Barry, J. J., 1609 Marion st., Washington. Bauer, Otto, 13th and F sts., Washington. Bisset, Peter, Twin Oaks, Washington. (Life.) Blackistone, Z. D., 14th and H sts., Washington. Cooke, Geo. H., Connecticut av. and L st., Washington. (Life.) Corbett, L. C, Dept. Agriculture, Washington. 242 PKOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Diedrich, Theo., Congress Heights, Washington. Ernest, Wm. H., 28th and M sts., N. E., Washington. (Life.) Freeman, J. R., 612 13th st., N. W., Washington. (Life.) Gude, Adolphus, 1214 F st., Washington. (Life.) Gude, William F., 1214 F st., Washington. (Life.) Kramer, F. H., W^ashington. Loffler, E. C, 3800 Brightwood av., Washington. (Life.) McLennan, Eobt., Dept. Agriculture, Washington. Moseley, Edw. A., Hess & Co., Sun Bldg., Washington. (Life.) Phillips, James A., Washington. Schellhorn, Christian, Washington. (Life.) Shaffer, Geo. C, 14th and I sts., Washington. Simmonds, S., 1500 New Hampshire av., Washington. Smith, W. R., Botanic Garden, Washington. (Life.) FLORIDA. E. N. Reasoner, Oneco, State Vice-President. Ellsworth, W. J., Jessamine. Just, Geo., Main and Evergreen a v., Jacksonville. Mills, C. D., Jacksonville. Reasoner, E. N., Oneco. Sawyer, Herbert L., 27 W. Bay st., Jacksonville. GEORGIA. V. E. Lambert, Atlanta, State Vice-President. Berekmans, L. A., Augusta. Horgan, Daniel C, Macon. Jackson, J. E. Gainesville. Lambert, V. E., Robinson st., Atlanta. Oelschig, A. C, Savannah. Wachendorf, C. J., 502 Simpson av., Atlanta. Wolf, John, Ott and Anderson sts., Savannah. IDAHO. Deake, J. W. C, Twin Falls. (Life.) Deake, Mrs. J. B., Twin Falls. (Life.) SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 243 ILLINOIS. F. Lautenschlager, Chicago; J. F. Ammann, Edwardsville, State Vice-Presidents. Aggerholm, Axel, Onarga. Amling, Albert F., Box 646, Mayvvood. Amling, E. C, 36 Randolph st., Chicago. Ammann, J. F., Edwardsville. (Life.) Arnold, W. A., 329 Balmoral av., Chicago. Asmiis, Geo., 897 W. Madison st., Chicago. (Life.) Bahr, Fritz, Highland Park. Barker, Michael, 324 Dearborn st., Chicago. Baiimann, L., 76-78 Wabash av., Chicago. Bruns, H. N., 1409 W. Madison st., Chicago. (Life.) Buettner, Emil, Park Ridge. Coatsworth, L., 41 Randolph st., Chicago. (Life.) Davis, J. W., Morrison. Deamud, John B., 51 Wabash av., Chicago. (Life.) Dickinson, Chas., W. Taylor and the River, Chicago. Dorner, Herman B., Urbana. Fehr, A. G., 220 E. Main st., Belleville. Foley, Philip J., 26th st. and Western av., ' Chicago. Frauenfelder, C, 1602 W. Madison st., Chicago. Frey, Alois, Lincoln Park, Chicago. (Life.) Gaethje, Henry, 1607 2d av., Rock Island. Grant, G. L., 334 Dearborn st., Chicago. Halstead, A. S., Belleville. Hauswirth, J. Edwin, 232 Michigan av., Chicago. Hawkes, D. F., Wheaton. Hey, Albert T., Western Springs. Howard, H. B., 334 Dearborn st., Chicago. Jensen, J. E., 674 W. Foster av., Chicago. Juerjens, B., Peoria. Kanst, E. A., 5700 Cottage Grove av., Chicago. Keller, Geo., 361-363 Herndon st., Chicago. Kenna, Dennis, 257 E. Ontario st., Chicago. Kill, Leonard, 51 Wabash av., Chicago. (Life.) Klehm, Chas., Arlington Heights. Klopfer, G., Peoria. Kroeschell, W. L., 55 Erie st., Chicago. (Life.) Kuhl, Geo. A., Pekin. Labo, J., Joliet. Lautenschlager, Fred, 2561 N. 41st court, Chicago. Martin, F. W., 280-290 40th st., Chicago. 244 . PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION McCauly, Chas. S., Geneva. MeKellar, C. W.j 51 Wabash av., Chicago. MePheron, R. A., Litchfield. Miller, N. P., Wilmette. Olsem, Peter, Joliet. Palinsky, W. L., 66 Palmer av., Chicago. Pillsbury, I. L., 233 E. Main st., Galesburg. Poehlmann, Adolph, Morton Grove. (Life.) Poehlmann, August, 35 Randolph st., Chicago. (Life.) Pyfer, A. T., Joliet. Reinberg, Peter, 3468 N. Robey st., Chicago. (Life.) Ringier, A., 161 Kinzie st., Chicago. Robertson, Duncan A., 1490 NeT^port av., Chicago. Rudd, W. N., Morgan Park. Rupp, N. J., 297-307 Hawthorne av., Chicago. Samuelson, C. A., 2129 Michigan av,, Chicago. Schneider, A. H., Oak Park. Schnell, Miss Mattie, 131 Collinsville av., E. St. Louis. (Life.) Schupp, Philip C, J. A. Budlong Estate, Chicago. Smyth, W. J., 270 31st st., Chicago. Swenson, Gustav, Elmhurst. Thompson, J. D., Joliet. Trimble, W^ E., Princeton. Yaughan, J. C, 84-86 Randolph st., Chicago. (Life.) Vaughan, L, H., 84-86 Randolph st., Chicago. Washburn, C. L., 76 Wabash av., Chicago. (Life.) Washburn, Frank L., Bloomington. Weiland, Geo., 602 Davis st., Evanston. Wienhoeber, E., 417 Elm st., Chicago. Wienhoeber, G. W., 417 Elm st., Chicago. Wietor, N. J., 51 Wabash av., Chicago. (Life.) Winterson, E. F., 45 Wabash av., Chicago. (Life.) Wittbold, George, 1657 Buckingham place, Chicago. Wyatt, S. iM., Watseka. INDIANA. J. Bertermann, Indianapolis, State Vice-President. Bertermann, Irwin C, Indianapolis. Bertermann, John, 241 Massachusetts av., Indianapolis. (Life.) Billingsly, Wm., 201 N. Illinois st., Indianapolis. Blackman, Wm., Evansville. SOCIETY OF AMEKICAN FLOEISTS 245 Bullock, Mrs. E. M., 812 Marion st., Elkhart. Carmody, J. D., Evansville. Coles, W. W., Kokomo. Evans, J. A., Eichmond. (Life.) Forest, Jacob, Greenfield. Gause, G. R., Eichmond. Gingrich, Irving, South Bend. Heinl, Fred G., 129 S. 7th st., Terre Haute. (Life.) Heinl, Otto, 113 S. Gth St., Terre Haute. Heller, H., NeTvcastle. Hill, E. Gurney, Richmond. Johnson, H. W., Kendall ville. Jones, J. E., 542 N. 14th st., Eichmond. Pahud, Alfred, Crown Hill Cemetery, Indianapolis. Pastor, Geo., Huntington. Easmussen, Anders, New Albany. Rieman, H. W., 1207 S. East st., Indianapolis. Beeley, H. D., Elkhart. Vesey, W. J., 2602 Thompson a v.. Fort Wayne. (Life.) Wiegand, A., 1610 N. Illinois st., Indianapolis. Wiegand, Geo. B., 1610 N. Illinois st., Indianapolis. IOWA. J. A. Kramer, Cedar Rapids, State Vice-President. Bather, John R., Clinton. Fulmer, J. T. D., Thompson place, Union Park, Des Moines. Greene, Wesley, Des Moines. Hail, W. S., Osage. Harkett, W. A., Dubuque. (Life.) Herman, O. H., 10 Pearl st., Council Bluffs. Kemble, I. 0., Marshalltown. Kramer, J. A., Cedar Rapids. Larson, P. L., Fort Dodge. Perry, W. B., Cresco. Symonds, W. T., Decorah. Temple, J. T., Davenport. Wilcox, J. F., Council Bluffs. Wilcox, Roy F., Council Bluffs. Wilson, Jas. S., Des Moines. 246 PROCEEDIIN^GS OF TWENTY-FOUKTH CONVEX! TION KANSAS. Mueller, Chas. P., Wichita. Whitcomb, A. H., Lawrence. (Life.) KENTUCKY. Aug. R. Baumer, Louisville, State Vice-President. Baunier, Aug. E., 644 Fourth av., Louisville. (Life.) Dieterich, C. P., 219 Market st., Maysville. Gerlaeh, Wra., Jr., Lexington. Honaker, D. B., 162 W. Main st., Lexington. Honaker, O. S., 162 W. Main st., Lexington. Kleinstarink, H., R. F. D. No. 1, Louisville. (Life.) Michler, L. A., Lexington. Miller, G. Robert, 3710 High av., Louisville. Robinson, Alex. Gait, Louisville. Schulz, Fred Louis, 1325 E, Broadway, Louisville. (Life.) Schulz, Jacob, 644 4th av., Louisville. Thomas, Victor H., Augusta. Walker, H. G., 644 4th av., Louisville. (Life.)' LOUISIANA. A-bele, Otto, 520 Joseph st.. New Orleans. Cook, Henry, 542 Lowerline st.. New Orleans. Cook, M., 143 Baronne st.. New Orleans. Eble, Charles, 106 Baronne st.. New Orleans. Papworth, H., New Orleans. Rehm, Henry, 500 Cherokee st., New Orleans. Virgin, Uriah J., 838 Canal st., New Orleans. MAINE. Dirwanger, Albert, Portland. Miller, William, Bar Harbor. MARYLAND. R. A. Vincent, Whitemarsh, State Vice-President. Bauer, Fred C, Govanstown. (Life.) Bester, H. A., 44 E. Baltimore st., Hagerstown. Bester, William, 205 S. Potomac st., Hagerstown. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 247 Boone, J. W., Clifton Park, Baltimore, Cook, John, 318 N. Charles st., Baltimore. Cook, John A., 318 N. Charles st., Baltimore. Flitton, N. F., Patterson Park, Baltimore. Graham, Robert L., 623 Aisquith st., Baltimore. • Halliday, Robert, 329 N. Charles st., Baltimore. Hess, Conrad, 329 Friendship av., Waverly. Kalb, Geo. S., Catonsville. Kaplinger, J. H., Govanstown, Lehr, Henry M., Brooklyn. Madsen, Wm., Govanstown. (Life.) Moss, I. H., Govanstown. Perry, John J., 505 N. Eutaw st., Baltimore. Richmond, Mack, 1813 N. Pulaski st., Baltimore. Seidewdtz, E. A., 36 W. Lexington st., Baltimore. Seybold, Chas. L., Carroll Park, Baltimore. Thau, M., Govanstown. Vincent, R., Jr., White Marsh. Vincent, R. A., White Marsh. MASSACHUSETTS. F. E. Palmer, Brookline; A. J. Loveless, Lenox, State Vice-Presidents. Abbott, John, Hinsdale. Anderson, William F., Waltham. (Life.) Barrows, Henry H., Jr., Whitman. Batley, A. E., Maynard. Brague, L. B., Hinsdale. Brague, L. H., Hinsdale. Breck, Chas. H., 51 and 52 N. Market st., Boston. Breed, E. W., Clinton. Bryant, L. T>., Box 11, Kingston. Butterworth, J. T., South Framingham. (Life.) Butts, L. H., 448 N. Main st., Springfield. Castle, W. W., 170 Summer st.,~Boston. Cook, H. A., Shrewsbury. (Life.) Craig, W. N., North Easton. Daggett, W. A., 431 Medford st., Charlestown. (Life.) ElHott, W. H., Brighton. (Life.) *Ewell, Warren, 38 Wayland st., Roxbury. (Life.) *Deceased. 248 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-rOUKTH CONVENTION Farquliar, James F. M., 6-7 S. Market st., Boston. (Life.) Farquhar, J. K. M. L,., 6-7 S. Market st., Boston. (Life.) Fislier, Peter, Ellis. Fuller, J., Leominster. (Life.) Galvin, Thomas F., 124 Tremont st., Boston. (Life.) Holbrow, C. E., 712 Washington st., Brighton. Houghton, F. H., 396 Boylston st., Boston. (Life.) Loveless, Alfred J., Box 45, Lenox. (Life.) Mathison, Fred K., Waltham. (Life.) Molloy, William F., Wellesley. Montgomery, Alexander, Natiek. (Life.) Montgomery, Robert, Natiek. Newman, J. R., Winchester. Nicholson, William, Framingham. Palmer, F. E., Brookline. Patten, Marcellus A., Tewksbury. Pegler, Thos., Park st., Boston. Peirce, E. Allen, Waltham. Pierce, Edward L., N. Cambridge. *Eawson, Warren W., 5 Union st., Boston. Eea, Frederic J., Norwood. Eoland, Thomas, Nahant. Sim, William, Cliftondale. Smith, Harry J., Maple st., Hinsdale. Stewart, Wm, J., 11 Hamilton place, Boston. (Life.) Thieman, H., Monson. (Life.) Vineca, E. W., New Salem. Walsh, M. H., Woods Hole. Warburton, C, 81 New Boston road. Fall Eiver. Ward, W. C, 577 Adams st., Quincy. Welch, David, 226 Devonshire st., Boston. Welch, E. J., 226 Devonshire st., Boston. (Life.) Welch, P., 226 Devonshire st., Boston. (Life.) Wheeler, Wilfred, Concord. White, John, Pittsfield. Williams, Frederick H., Waltham. (Life.) Wise, L. H., Woburn. MICHIGAN. A. Pochelon, Detroit; H. Smith, Grand Eapids, State Vice-Presidents. Balsley, Harry, Detroit. Bissinger, J. A., Lansing. (Life.) ^Deceased. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 249 Bloy, Michael, 880 Van Dyke av;, Detroit. Boehringer, R. G., Bay City. Breitmeyer, Fred, Mt. Clemens. (Life.) Breitmeyer, Philip, Gratiot and Miami avs., Detroit. (Life.) Brown, 8. ¥., Greenfield. Brown, Wm. B., 308 Woodward av., Detroit. Browne, Geo. E., Greenfield. Dilger, Wm., Belle Isle, Detroit. Fetters, E. A., 275 Woodward a v., Detroit. Fitzgerald, Augustus, 131 Lincoln av., Detroit. Gipner, John, Niles. Grohman, E. A., Saginaw, East Side. Hitchcock, E. H., Glenwood. Holznagel, Frank, Highland Park. Kidder, Harvey E., Ionia. Klagge, Robert, Mt. Clemens. (Life.) Maynard, C. H., 219 Horton av., Detroit. (Life.) Maynard, Mrs, C. H., 219 Horton av., Detroit. (Life.) Pautke, Fred, Grosse Pointe. Pearce, Hubert V., 6 Adams av.. West, Detroit. Peterson, Arthur, Escanaba. Plumb, Chas. H., 660 Newland av., Detroit. Pochelon, Albert, 13 Bates st., Detroit. Rackham, Geo. A., 880 Vandyke av., Detroit. (Life.) Rahaley, R. M., 38 Broadway, Detroit. Rush, Louis, 137 34th st., Detroit. Scribner, E. A., 664 E. Fort st., Detroit. Smith, Elmer D., Adrian. (Life.) Smith, Henry, 139 Munroe st., Grand Rapids. Stoll, O. A., Oxford. Sullivan, Ernest V., 214 Woodward av., Detroit. Sullivan, J. F., 220 Woodward av., Detroit. (Life.) Sullivan, Norman A., 214 Woodward av., Detroit. Taepke, Gus H,, 450 Elmwood av., Detroit. Tobler, H., Traverse City. Unger, R. W., 239 Vandyke av., Detroit. MINNESOTA. R. A. Latham, Minneapolis, State Vice-President. Berry, Frank, Stillwater. Boeglein, Louis, 3800 Bryant av., Minneapolis. Busch, Fred, Lyndale av. and 59th st.. South, Minneapolis. (Life.) 250 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Cashman, Thomas E., Owatonna. (Life.) Clauson, G. A., Albert Lea. Donaldson, L. S., 6th st. and Nicollet av., Minneapolis. (Life.) Dysinger, S. D., 20 W. 50th st., St. Paul. Kinsman, A. N., Austin. Latham, R. A., 83 S. 10th st., Minneapolis. (Life.) May, L. L., 64 E. 6th st., St. Paul. (Life.) Monson, John, 36th and Calhoun blvd., Minneapolis. (Life.) Nagel, Theodore W., 1118 W. Lake st., Minneapolis. (Life.) Neilson, Neil, Mankato. Nussbaumer, F., Supt. Parks, St. Paul. (Life.) Ruedlinger, C. N., 2924 S. Aldrieh av., Minneapolis. Sten, John E., Red Wing. Swanson, Aug. S., Endicott Arcade, St. Paul. (Life.) Underwood, J. M., Lake City. (Life.) Whitted, Miss H. B., 3450 5th st., Minneapolis. Will, Hugh S., 3500 19th av., North Minneapolis. (Life.) W^ill, O. A., 3500 19th av.. North Minneapolis. (Life.) Wirth, Theo., 3935 Grand av., Minneapolis. (Life.) MISSISSIPPI. S. W. Crowell, Rich, Stats Vice-President. Croweli, S. W., Rich. Cummings, W. W., Meridian. MISSOURI. W. L. Rock, Kansas City; J. Steidle, Central, State Vice-Presidents. Armstrong, Miss J. O., 3720 Olive st., St. Louis. Baur, S. Alfred, St. Joseph. (Life.) Beneke, J. J., 1216 Olive st., St. Louis. Berning, H. G., 1402 Pine St., St. Louis. Beyer, Carl, 3619 S. Grand av., St. Louis. Beyer, Robt., 3619 S. Grand av., St. Louis. Brown, R. S., Box 335, Kansas City. Callahan, M. J., care Stuppy Floral Co., St. Joseph. Connon, J. M., Webster Groves. Denker, Edwin, St. Charles. Ellsworth, E. D., Kansas City. Fillmore, F. J., 4232 Nebraska av., St. Louis. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 25] Heite, Chas. E., IIIG Walnut st., Kansas City. Irish, H. C, Mo. Botanical Garden, St. Louis. Jablousky, A., Central. (Life.) Juengel, Chas. A., 1837-47 S. 14th st., St. Louis. *Kellogg, Geo. M., Pleasant Hill. (Life.) . Koenig, Otto G., 6471 Florissant av., St. Louis. (Life.) Koenig, John L., 6471 Florissant av., St. Louis. (Life.) Kuehn, C. A., 1122 Pine st., St. Louis. (Life.) Meiuhardt, Fred H., 7041 Florissant av., St. Louis. (Life.) Miller, Theodore, 4832 Delmar blvd., St. Louis. Murray, Samuel, 1017 Broadway, Kansas City. (Life.) Pileher, W. J., Kirkwood. Rock, W. L., 1116 Walnut st., Kansas City. Schray, Emile, 4101 Pennsylvania av,, St. Louis, Smith, Wm., 1316 Pine st., St. Louis. Steidle, J., Central. Tesson, R. F., West Forest Park, St. Louis, (Life.) Ude, F. W., Jr., Kirkwood. Waldbart, George, 516 N, Grand av., St. Louis. Waldbart, Alexander, Hamilton av. and Horton place, St. Louis, Weber, F. C, 4326 Olive st., St. Louis. Weber, Fred C, Jr., 4326 Olive st., St. Louis. (Life.) Weber, F. H., Boyle and Maryland avs., St. Louis. Windier, Robt., 2300 S. Grand av., St. Louis. Winter, W^m., N. Taylor st., Kirkwood. Wittrup, Immanuel, Marshall. NEBRASKA. Lewis Henderson, Omaha, State Vice-Presideni Henderson, Lewis, 1519 Farnum st., Omaha. Hess, John J., 1415 Farnam st., Omaha. Rosenfield, J. P., West Point. Swoboda, Geo. H„ 5807 N. 24th st., Omaha. NEW HAMPSHIRE. H. C. Stache, Manchester, State Vice-President. Hannaford, R. E., Portsmouth. Stache, Herman C, 649 2d st., Manchester. '^Deceased. 252 PEOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION NEW JERSEY. A. Herrington, Madison, State Vice-President. Asmus, Adolph E., W. Hoboken. (Life.) Atkins, F. L., Rutherford. tJaldwin, G., Secaucus. Baumann, Henrj, W. Hoboken. Betz, Harry S., Riverton. Birnie, John, W. Hoboken. Bobbiuk, L. C, Rutherford Boehler, Oscar W., W. Hoboken. (Life.) Bond, Geo. H., Louis st.. New Brunswick. Coddington, L. B., Murray Hill. Davis, Joseph B., Wildmont, Orange. Dean, Daniel, Little Silver. Duekham, Wm., Madison. DuRie, W. B., Rahway. Eisele, J. D., Riverton. Esler, John G., Saddle River. (Life.) Fiesser, J. H., North Bergen. Hentz, Henry, Jr., Madison. Herrington, A., Madison. (Life.) Hornecker, Henry, 172 S. Grove st., East Orange. Karlstrom, R., South Orange. Lager, John E., Summit. Leuly, E., West Hoboken. (Life.) Lewis, Henry K., Dorothy. MacRorie, D., S. Orange. Manda, Joseph A., 191 Valley road. West Orange. Manda, W. A., South Orange. (Life.) Ma}^, J. N., Summit. (Life.) McMahon, Frank, Rumson. May, Harry 0., Summit. O'Mara, P., Grand st., Jersey City. (Life.) Payne, John A., 260 Culver av., Jersey City. Roebling, Chas. G., 333 W. State st., Trenton. Roehrs, Julius, Rutherford. (Life.) Roehrs, Julius, Jr., Rutherford. Runyan, E., Elizabeth. Ruppert, John A., Riverton. Simpson, Robert, Clifton. (Life.) Steinhoff, H. C, 578 Boulevard, West Hoboken. Strohlein, George A., Riverton. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 253 Totty, Chas. H., Madison. Whittman, Rudolph, West Hoboken. (Life.) Wild, Ludwig, Boiindbrook. Wilson, Andrew, Summit. Withers, John T., 1 Montgomery st., Jersey City. Zangen, O. V., Hoboken. Zvolanek, Ant. C, Bouudbrook. NEW YORK. G. C. Perkins, Newark; J. Austin Shaw, New York, State Vice-Presidents, Allen, J. K., 106 W. 28th st., New York. Anderson, S. A., 440 Main st., Buffalo. Armitage, Chas., 1133 Broadway, New York. Barron, M. Leonard, 133 E. 16th st.. New York. Barry, Wm. C, Rochester. Bartholme, Gustav, Manlius st., Syracuse. Baum, F. P., 52 Kingsley st., Buffalo. Beauiieu, Henri, Walker and Belmont avs., Woodharen. Bennett, John, Blue Point, L. I. Berry, Robt. E., 118 W. 97th st.. New York. Boddington, A. T., 342 W. 14th st.. New York. (Life.) Boettger, R. E., R. F. D. No. 1, Kenmore. Brown, Chas. J., Rochester. Bunyard, Harry A., 24 E. 34th st.. New York. (Life.) Burgevin, David, Kingston. Burgevin, George, Pearl st., Kingston. Burnham, Wm. A,, Irvington. Burnham, Wm. Wallace, 59th st. and 3d av., New York. Burns, Alexander S., Woodside. Chadwick, B., 14 Barclay st.. New York. Chandler, Aleda, Berlin. Childs, John Lewis, Floral Park. Cloudsley, J. Roland, Main and Balcom sts., Buffalo. Cogger, Thos., 280 Main st., Rochester. Cotter, Lawrence, Jamestown. Cowee, Arthur, Berlin. (Life.) Cowell, J. F., Botanic Garden, Buffalo. Crandall, H. L., 2 Harrison av., Glens Falls. Craw, Lyman B., 113 Broadway, New York. Cutler, O. W., Niagara Falls. Dailledouze, Eugene, Flatbush, Brooklyn. (Life.) 254 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Dailledouze, Henry, Flatbush, Brooklyn. (Life.) Dailleclouze, Paul, Flatbush, Brooklyn. (Life.) Darrow, H. F., 26 Barclay st., New York. Dean, David A., Freeport. (Life.) Dean, James, Freeport. (Life.) De La Mare, A. T., Rhinelander bldg.. New York. Demeusy, A., Clarkson st., Brooklyn. Dickinson, Geo. E., 1 Broadway, New York. Dildine, W. H., 144 N. Union st., Rochester. Dobbs, Wm, C, Auburn. Doerhofer, F., 377 11th av., Long Island City. Donaldson, John, Elmhurst, L. I. Eger, W. C, 1408 State st., Schenectady. Elder, Andrew, Irvington. Enggren, E. L., Aqueduct, L. I. Faulkner, A. T., 1133 Broadway, New York. Fenrich, J. S., 110 W. 28th st.. New York. Forbach, Conrad, Genesee st., Pine Ridge, Buffalo. (Life.) Ford, M. C, 48 W. 28th st., New York. Fotheringham, John R., Tarrytown. Golsner, Geo. J., College Point. Guenther, Chas. T,, Hamburg. Guttman, A. J., 48 W. 28th st.. New York. (Life.) Hagemann, Wm., 55 Dey st.. New York. Hallock, E. v., Queens, New York. (Life.) Hammond, Benjamin, Fishkill. (Life.) Hanig, A., Fulton and Gallatin place, Brooklyn. Hansen, Miss Elise H., Catskill. Harris, Ernest, Delanson. (Life.) Hart, Geo. B., Rochester. Hatcher, J. C, 50 Main st., Amsterdam. Henderson, Chas., 35-37 Cortlandt st., New York. Henry, F. H., 97 Water st.. New York. Henshaw, A. M., 44 W. 28th st., New York. Herendeen, F. W., Geneva. Herrmann, A., 404-412 E. 34th st.. New York. Hewsom, C. J., 1639 Abbott av., Buffalo. Hunt, Charles, Box 258, Port Richmond, S. I. Jaenicke, Adolph, Floral Park, L. I. Jansen, Edw., 112-116 W. 18th st.. New York. Jensen, Andrew, 19-23 Hager st., Buffalo. Johnson, Mrs. Fred H., 45 Whitney av., Olean. Kakuda, A., Whitestone. (Life.) ' Kasting, W. F., 383 Ellicott st., Buffalo. (Life.) SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 255 Keller, S., 122 W. 25th st., New York. Kcitsch, Chas. H., 810 Main st., Buffalo. Kessler, Phil. F., 55 W. 26th st.. New York. King, E. O., N. Tonawanda. Knight, Thos., 8082 Metropolitan bldg., New York. Koch, C. E., 326 Clarkson st., Brooklyn. Kretschmar, H. C, 237 Lincoln road, Flatbush. (Life.) Kretschmar, J. F., 237 Lincoln road, Flatbush. (Life.) Krick, W. C, 1164 Greene av., Brooklyn. Krombach, Charles, 181 25th st., Brooklyn. Langjahr, A. H., 55 W. 28th st., New York. (Life.) Lenker, Chas., Freeport, L. I. (Life.) Lohr, Chas., Jr., 415 2d av., Astoria. (Life.) i^ong, D. B., 131/0 E. Snow st., Buffalo. Lorenz, Geo., Grand av., Long Island City. Manker, Frank, cor. Gravesend and Greenwood avs., Brooklyn. Mansfield, Thos., 481 Holly st., Lockport. Mansfield, Wm. H., 481 Holly st., Lockport. Marshall, W. E., 146 W. 23d st.. New York. Masur, S., 236 Fulton st., Brooklyn. McClure, Geo. E., 832 W. Delavan av., Buffalo. McClure, Geo. W., 832 W. Delavan av., Buffalo. McConnell, Alex., 571 5th av., New York. McHutchison, J., 17 Murray st., New York. McManus, James, 42 W. 28th st., New York. (Life.) Mellis, D. Y., Flatbush, Brooklyn. Miesen, John, Elmhurst, L. I. Miller, A. L., Sta. E, Brooklyn. Mills, Miss Elizabeth, 31 Barclay st.. New York. (Life.) Myers, Barnard S., Lancaster. Newbold, Frederic E., Poughkeepsie. (Life.) Nilsson, Wm., Woodlawn. (Life.) Noe, John, Congers. Nugent, John B., Jr., 42 W. 28th st.. New York. (Life.) Palmer, W. J., 304 Main st., Buffalo. Perkins, G. C, Newark. Phillips, J. v., 272 Fulton st., Brooklyn. Pierson, F. E., Tarrytown-on-Hudson. (Life.) Pierson, Paul M., Scarborough. Piorkovski, F. E., White Plains. Powell, L L., Millbrook. (Life.) Quinlan, P. E., 311 S. Salina st., Syracuse. Eaynor, John L, 49 W. 28th st., New York. (Life.) Eeed, Wm. N., 122 W. 25th st.. New York. 256 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Reichert, Geo. J., 2235 Genesee st., Buffalo. Reimels, John, Woodhaven, L. I. .Rich, W. W., 65 Beaver st., New York. Riley, Geo. R., Whitney-Ekstein Seed Co., Buffalo. Roehrs, Theo., 511 E. 176th st., New York. Rolker, Joseph E., 31 Barclay st., New York. Rolker, Winfried, 31 Barclay st., New York. Salter, A. H., Rochester. Sandiford, Chas., 124 Cleveland av., Buffalo. Schloss, Emil, 533 Broadway, New York, Schmutz, L., 131 Clarkson st., Flatbush, Brooklyn. Schneider, Joseph, Congers. Schreiner, Nicholas, 301 W. 114 th st., New York. Schultheis, A., College Point. Sehuneman, G. T., Baldwin. Schwake, Chas., 99 Warren st., New York. Scott, C. W., 14 Barclay st.. New York. Scott, David J., Corfu. Scott, R. A., Main and Balcoin sts., Buffalo. Scott, John, Flatbush, Brooklyn. Scott, Wm B., Main and Balcora sts., Buffalo. Shaw, J. Austin, 1310 49th st., Brooklyn. Sheridan, W. F., 39 W. 28th st., New York. (Life.) Siebrecht, H. A., New Rochelle. (Life.) Siebrecht, W. H., Astoria, L. I. City. (Life.) Slattery, E. A., 523 Fargo av., Buffalo. Speidel, Joseph, 304 Main st., Buffalo. Stevens, Wm. H., Elmira. Streit, Joseph, 495 Elmwood av., Buffalo. Struck, Geo. F., 8082 Metropolitan bldg., New York. Taplin, W. H., Flatbush, Brooklyn. Thorne, Samuel, 43 Cedar st., New York. (Life.) Traendly, Frank H., 44 W. 28th st., New York. (Life.) Turner, Harry, Port Washington, L. I. Van Herff, B., 99 Nassau st., New York. Vick, Albert Fred, Box 613, Rochester. Vick, Chas. H., Rochester. Vick, F. W., Rochester. Waite, W. H., Greystone, Yonkers. *Wallace, Alex., Rhinelander bldg., New York. Ward, C. W., Queens. (Life.) Watson, John, 13 Grant st., Newark. Weathered, C. B., 46-48 Marion st.. New York. *Deceased. SOCIETY OF AMEEICAN FLOEISTS 257 Weber, Chas., Lynbrook, L. I. Weeber, Charles G., 33 Buckingham road, Brooklyn. Weir, John E., 324 Fulton st., Brooklyn. ' Wertheimer, S. B., 465 Broadway, New York. Young, John, 51 W. 28th st., New York. (Life.) Zeller, Alfred, 442 Clarkson st., Brooklyn. NOETH CAEOLINA. Wm. Eehder, Wilmington, State Vice-President. Lamb, James M., Fayetteville. O'Quinn, J. L., Polk and Swain sts., Ealeigh. Rehder, William, Wilmington. OHIO. E. G. Gillett, Cincinnati; C. J. Graham, Cleveland, State Vice-Presidents. Altick, H. M., 1123 N. Main st., Dayton. (Life.) Baldwin, A. J., Newark. Bartels, F. C, North Olmsted. Bartholomew, Geo. W., E. E. No. 11, Dayton. Bate, Guy, E. Cleveland. Bayer, George, 2556 Fulton st., Toledo. (Life.) Berno, Ed., 181 Hedges st., Mansfield. Brown, Charles, Canton. Brunner, C. F., Price Hill, Cincinnati. Coe, A. M., North Olmsted. (Life.) Critchell, C. E., 36 E. 3d st., Cincinnati. (Life.) Cunningham, Joseph H., 325 W. Williams st., Delaware. (Life.) Cushman, E. H., Sylvania. Engel, Geo., Xenia. Forbes, James, Portland. Friedley, Frank A., Eocky Eiver. *Gasser, J. M., 101 Euclid av., Cleveland. (Life.) George, E. B., Painesville. Gibson, W. E., Columbus. Gillett, E. G., 113 E. 3d st., Cincinnati. Goodlive, J. T., 602 Greenwood av., Zanesville. Graff, Wm., Columbus. Graham, Adam, 2849 Euclid av., Cleveland. (Life.) *Deceased. 258 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH CONVENTION Graham, C. J., 2849 Euclid av., Cleveland. Gravett, W. E., Lancaster. Hall, W. E., Clyde. Harper, C. W., 24 Clifford av., Zanesville. Harrison, W. C, Painesville. Hart, A. A., 8419 Lake av., Cleveland. Hart, B. L!, 1369 Elliott st., Cleveland. Hart, H. A., 8400 Detroit st., Cleveland. Heinl, George A., 337 Summit st., Toledo. (Life.) Hellenthal, J. J., 32 E. Moler st., Columbus. Heller, W. C, Montpelier. *Hippard, E., Youngstown. Hoffmeister, August, White st., near Queen City av., Cincinnati. Horlaeher, W., Dayton. Huntsman, Frank, 609 Walnut st., Cincinnati. Imlay, John D., Zanesville. (Life.) Kirchner, T. J., 6701 Quincy av., Cleveland. Knoble, H. P., 1836 W. 2oth st., Cleveland. Kyrk, L. H., 110 E. 3d st., Cincinnati. Lamborn, L. L., Alliance. Marty, J. M., Jr., 522 Prospect av., N. W., Cleveland. Matthews, Warren G., Dayton. McCullough, Albert, 316 Walnut st., Cincinnati. McCullough, J. Charles, 2d and Walnut sts., Cincinnati. Merkel, John, Mentor. Munk, A. L., Mt. Gilead. Murphy, C. C, Station F, Cincinnati. Naumann, G. M., 1633 E. 105th st., Cleveland. Partridge, Wra. K., 148 E. 4th st., Cincinnati. Peck, S. N., 1707 Broadway, Toledo. Pentecost, S. N., 707 Republic st., Cleveland. Peterson, J. A., McHenry av., Westwood, Cincinnati. Pouting, Fred, 303 Eddy road, Sta. H., Cleveland. Reeser, Harry, Springfield. Bitter, Herman H., 435 Grand av., Dayton. Rusconi, D., 32 W. 6th st., Cincinnati. Sabransky, John F., Kenton. Sackett, E. R., Fostoria. Sandiford, Robert, Mansfield. Schmitt, Charles A., Station H, 142 Burton av., Cleveland. Schwab, Henry, 730 Adair av., Zanesville. Simpson, E., East Liverpool. ^Deceased. SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FLORISTS 259 Smitli, Frank M., 735 Euclid av., Cleveland. Smith, Geo. W., 606 Huron road, Cleveland. Stoehr, R. C, Dayton. Stroup, T. Bradford, New Philadelphia. Suder, Mrs. E., 323 Adams St., Toledo. Teaehoiit, A. W., Madison. Tillotson, Geo. S., 43 Water st., Tiffin. Treffenger, C. H., Van Wert. Ulrieh, E. J., Tiffn. Walker, John, Youngstown. Warnke, William, 3744 Woodlawn av., S. E., Cleveland. Weaver, A., 173 E. Main st., Massillon. Winterich, ('.. Defiance. Witterstaetter, Richard, Sodamsville. (Life.) Wise, Byron P., 718 Garfield bldg., Cleveland. Witthnn, Fred C, 3604 W. 25th st., Cleveland. Yale, Thomas G., Wellington. Zettler, L. J., Canton. OKLAHOMA. Stiles, Geo., 139 W. Main st., Oklahoma City. PENNSYLVANIA. E. J. Fancourt, Philadelphia; T. P. Langhans, Pittsburg, State Vice- Presidents. Adelberger. Frank, Wa^'ne. Allabaugh, Wm. AV., Silver Dell. Andre, John E., Doylestown, Aschmann, Edw. J., 1012 Ontario st., Philadelphia. Aschmann, Godfrey. 1012 Ontario st., Philadelphia. .Aschmann,. Howard E., 1012 Ontario st., Philadelphia. Ashley. Ernest, 642 N. 4th st., Allentown. Avery. F. P., Tunkhannock. Bader. John. 43 Ravine st., Allegheny. Baker, W. J.. 1430 South Pcnn square, Philadelphia. Ball, Charles D., Holmesburg. (Life.) Ball, Lemuel, Wissinoming, Philadelphia. Battles, H. H., 108 South 12th st., Phila.lelphia. Bauer, A. J., Erie. Bayersdorfer, Harry, 50-56 N. 4th st., Philadelphia. 260 PBOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOUBTH CONVENTION Beatty, H. B., 215 Farmers' Bank bldg.. Pittsburg. (Life.) Becker, Jacob. 52d and Market sts., Philadelphia. Berkowitz, Paul, 1129 Arch st., Philadelphia. Blacker, Wm., Clearfield. Bowersox, E. G., Lewistown. Brown, Jas., Jr., Coatesville. Burki, Fred, Crystal Farm, Gibsonia. (Life.) Burpee, W. Atlee. 5th and Willow sts., Philadelphia. Burton, Alfred, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. (Life.) Burton, George, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. (Life.) Burton, John, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. (Life.) Bush, Ernest J., E. F. D. No. 1. Hatboro, Pa. Campbell, H. P., Shamokin. Cantley, Eobt., Eidge and Lehigh sts., Philadelphia. Carney, W. H., 545 Liberty st., Pittsburg. Carr, Geo., W. Kingston. Cartledge, A. B., 1514 Chestnut st., Philadelphia. (Life.) Clarke, W. A., 222 Oliver av., Pittsburg. Cloud, Geo. W., Devon. Connor, D. T., 50th and Spruce sts., Philadelphia. Connor, J. E., Coatesville. Craig, George, 211 S. 11th st., Philadelphia. Craig, Eobert, 49th and Market sts., Philadelphia. (Life.) Craig, W. P., 1305 Filbert st., Philadelphia. Demas, P. J., 15 Diamond square, Pittsburg. Dillon, Mrs. J. L., Bloomsburg. Dillon, Max G., Bloomsburg. Dodds, John, "Wyncote. Dorp, Victor B., 818 Chestnut st., Philadelphia. Dreer, William F., 714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. Dungan, E. C, 1711 Filbert st., Philadelphia. Edwards, Geo. J., 29-31 N. 7th st., Philadelphia. Eichholz, Henry, Waynesboro. Eisele, C, 11th and Eoy sts., Philadelphia. Elverson, W. H., New Brighton. Eschner, B., 1220 Eace st., Philadelphia. Espy, C. W., Brookville. Espy, J. M., Brookville. Farenwald, Adolph, Eoslyn P. O., Hillside. (Life.) Fancourt, E. J., 1612-18 Ludlow st., Philadelphia. Falconer, William, Pittsburg, Ferguson, Oswald K., E. F. D. No. 1, Boyee Station. Ford, C. S., 4515 West Park, Philadelphia. Frisehkorn, Aug., 103 Federal st., Pittsburg. SOCIETY OF AMEBIC AN FLOBISTS 261 Fuchs, J. J.. 1710 Carson st., Pittsburg. Geiger, Henry C, North Wales. Giles, John H., Beading. Goucly, Jos. J., 714 Chestnut st., Philadelphia. Gracey, John C, 28th st. and Columbia av., Philadelphia. Graham, Geo. L., Bradford. Graham, Wm., 5615 Germantown av., Philadelphia. Hahman, R, Station F, 33d Ward, Philadelphia. Harper, Wm. W., Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. Harris, W. K., Jr., 55th st. and Springfield av., Philadelphia. (Life.) Harris, W. K., Sr., 55th st. and Springfield av., Philadelphia. (Life.) Harry, Winfield S., 114 Harry st., Conshohocken. Heaeock, Joseph, Wyncote. Hennon, Chas D., Wampum. Hennon, Edw. A., Newcastle. Herr, Albert M., P. O. Box 338, Lancaster. Hoehl Ernest F., 60th st. and Gibson av., W. Philadelphia. Jenkinson, Thos. P., 922 Farragut st., Pittsburg. Jones, S. Morris, West Grove. Karins, J. J., 714 Chestnut st., Philadelphia. Kennedy, C. W., Oil City. Kift, Eobert, 1725 Chestnut st., Philadelphia. Koeher, Fred, Gibsonia. Koehler, Wm. H., 1623 Cayuga st.. Philadelphia. Krueger, August, Meadville. Krueger, C. F., P. & E. Terminal, Philadelphia. Krut, Anton, Jr.. Butler. Langhaus, T. P., 504 Liberty st., Pittsburg. Larzelere, C. E., 126 S. 4th st., Philadelphia. Laver, J. V., 705 State st., Erie. Leasure, James W.. 104 Main st., Bradford. Leonard, W. A., Lansdowne. Loew, William, 914 Pike st., Allegheny. Logan, Thomas W., Jenkintown. Lonsdale, Edwin, Girard College, Philadelphia. Ludwig, Be Forest W., 710 E. Diamond st., Pittsburg. (Life.) Ludwig, Gustave, 208 Allegheny Market, Allegheny. Ludwig, Ernest C, 710 E. Diamond st., Pittsburg (Life). Ludwig, J. W., Allegheny Market, Allegheny. Lyneh^ P. J., West Grove. Maule, William H., 1711 Filbert st., Philadelphia. Meehan, Chas. E., Slocum and Musgrove sts., Germantown. (Life.) Meehan, Thomas B., Dreshertown. Meyers, Frank P., Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. 262 PROCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH COXA'ENTION Meyn, Henry, 2045 Germantown av., Philadelphia. Miehell, H. F., 1018 Market st., Philadelphia. Mills, Mark P., ooth and Springfield sts., Philadelphia. Moon, S. C, Morrisville. Moon, W. H., Morrisville. Murdock, A. M., 510 Smithfield st., Pittsburg. (Life.) Xichols, John, 122 Broadway, Scotdale. Niessen, Arthur A., 13th and Filbert sts., Philadelphia. (Life.) Niessen, Leo, 13th and Filbert sts., Philadelphia. (Life.) Olds, W. J., 22 Warden st., Union City. Paul, Oglesby, 220 S. 4th st., Philadelphia. Pennock, A. J., Lansdowne. (Life.) Pennoek, J. L., 1514 Chestnut st.. Philadelphia. (Life.) Pennock, S. S., 1612-18 Ludlow st.. Philadelphia. (Life.) Polites, Frank, 13th and Chestnut sts., Philadelphia. Pyle. Robert, 129 E. Evergreen st., W^est Grove. Randolph, P. S., Stanton av. and McKee St., Pittsburg. Reid, Edw., 1526 Ranstead st., Philadelphia. Reineman, E. C, 1145 X. Xeglcv st., Allegheny. Reukauf, Martin, 1129 Arch st.. Philadelphia. *Rieger, Christian. Forbes and Boyd sts., PittsJ^urg. Robbins, Jesse, Carlisle. Robertson, William, care J. W. Pepper, Jenkintown. Rockwell, W. C, Bradford. Rohrer, H. D., Lancaster, Rosnosky, I., 1018 Market st., Philadelphia. Rust, David, Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia. (Life.) Schmidt, W^illiam. 208 Franklin st., Johnstown. Scott, A. B., Sharon Hill, Delaware County. Sibson, J. F., McKean av.. Germantown. (Life.) Skidelsky, S. S., 824 X. 24th st., Philadelphia. (Life.) Smith, A. W., 345 6th av., Pittsburg. Smith, W. C, 61st and Market sts., Philadelphia. Smith, W. J.. 345 6th av., Pittsburg. (Life.) Stokes, Walter P., 219 Market St., Philadelphia. Stroud, E. A., Philadelphia. Swayne, Wm., Box 226, Kennett square. Thomas, Joseph, 200 X". Main st., Greensburg. Thilow, J. Otto, 714 Chestnut St.. Philadelphia. Turner, J. T., Union City. W^esteott, John, Ridge and Lehigh avs.. Philadelj»hia. Westcott, Wm. B., Ridge and Lehigh avs.. Pliiladol[)hia, ■Deceased. SOCIETY OF AMEKICAN FLORISTS 2G3 Westeott, AVilliam If., Kid^e iind Lehigh avs., Philadelphia. Hilldin, John G., Philadelphia. Wintzer, A., West Grove. Wohlert, A. E., Merion. Wolff, J., Jr., 1617 X. 19th st., Philadelphia. Yates, Walter X., 7356 Gerniantown av., Philadelphia. Yost, C. C, 146 X^ Sth st., Lebanon. (Life.) Young, J. W., Germantown. Zimmerman, J. F.. 6624 Penn av.. E. End, Pittsburg. RHODE ISLAXD. Carl Jurgens, X(^vj)ort, State Vice-President. Byrnes, Peter S., Wickford. Griffin, Arthur, Ledge road, X'ewport. Hunnick, R., Berkeley av., Xewport. Johnson, George, 18 Earl st., Providence. Jurgens, Carl, Xewport. Leach, M. J., Pawtueket. Lueck, Edward, Westerley. Reuter, L. J., Westerley. Renter, S. J., Westerlev. SOUTH CAROLIXA. C. A. Moss, Spartanburg, State Vice-President. Moss, C. A., Spartanburg. SOUTH DAKOTA. E. C. X^'ewbury, Mitchell, State A^ice-President. X'ewbury, E. C, Mitchell. TEXXESSEE. C. L. Baum, Knoxville, State Vice-President. Baum, C. L., Knoxville. Stanch, M., Xashville. 264 PKOCEEDINGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH COXVENTION TEXAS. E. H. E. Green, Dallas, State Vice-President. Corley. Eugene, Dallas. (Life.) Green, E. H. E., Dallas. (Life.) Miller, Alex., Dallas. VIKGINIA. Blick, Lloyd G., 51 Granby st., Norfolk. Brown, H., 5 W. Broad st., Eichmond. Grillbortzer, D. G., Alexandria. Hammond, W. A., 107 East Broad st., Eichmond. Shaffer, C. A., Alexandria. Whelan, F. A., Mt. Vernon. WASHINGTON. Lambly, Mrs. Amy L., Box 521, Spokane. (Life.) WEST VIRGINIA. C. P. Dudley, Parkersburg, State Vice-President. Dudley, C. P., Parkersburg. Gyegg, S. A., Charlestown. Langhans, A., Wheeling. W^ISCONSIN. C. C. Pollworth, Milwaukee; E. Amerpohl, Janesville, State Vice-Presidects. Amerpohl, Edw., 214 S. Main st., Janesville. Dallwig, C, 34 Juneau av., Milwaukee. Dwight, C. G., Janesville. Edlefsen, William, 349 3d st., Milwaukee. Haentze, E., Fond du Lac. Haentze, R., Fond du Lac. (Life.) Holton, Fred, 457 Milwaukee st., Milwaukee. SOCIETY OF AMEKICAN FLORISTS 205 Petzke, Ernest A., Hixton. Pollworth, C. C, 54 City Hall square, Milwaukee. Eentsehler, Fred, 1301 Williamson st., Madison. Rentscliler, Geo., Madison. Eindfleiseh, Jno., Beloit. Schafer, C. E., La Crosse. Speidel, Otto, Oconomowoc. Stuebe, William J., 404 Main st., Watertown. Turner, Lewis, Kenosha. Zweifel, Nic, North Milwaukee. (Life.) ONTARIO. T. W. Duggan, Brampton, State Vice-President. Connon, John, Hamilton. Duggan, T. W., Brampton. Dunlop, John H., 644 Lansdown av., Toronto. Ellis, R. H., Leamington. Gammage, W. W., London. Groff, H. H., Simcoe. MANITOBA. H. E. Philpott, Winnipeg, State Vice-President. Philpott, H. E., Winnipeg. HOLLAND. Baartman, Herman C, Sassenheim. (Life.) >66, PBOCEEDIXGS OF TWENTY-FOURTH COXA'ENTION MEMBERSHIP STATISTICS Xovember 20, 1908. Totals by States. Alabama 6 California 3 Colorado 12 Connecticut 17 District of Columbia 20 Florida o Georgia 7 Idaho 2 Illinois 74 Indiana 25 Iowa 15 Kansas 2 Kentucky 13 Louisiana 7 Maine 2 Maryland 22 Massachusetts 54 Michigan 38 Minnesota 22 Mississippi 2 Missouri 38 Totals by States. Nebraska 4 Xew Hampshire 2 Xew Jersey 47 X^ew York 1 6S X'orth Carolina 3 Ohio 83 Oklahoma 1 Pennsylvania 154 Ehode Island 9 South Carolina 1 South Dakota 1 Tennessee 2 Texas 3 Virginia 6 Washington 1 West Virginia 3 Wisconsin 17 Ontario 6 Manitoba 1 Holland 1 Total 899 Life members 179 Annual members 720 Total 899 IXDEX 267 o INDEX Introductory FIEST DAY— AFTEEXOOX. Opening Speeches : Address by E. T. Williams 4 Respousive Address bv P. O '^lara (3 The President *s Address : Tntroduction 7 A'aliie of tlie Society's Work; Business Conditious; Overproduetiou S Council of Elorticultiire; X'ational Flower Show; Private Gardeners; Horticultural Education 9 Eegistration of Plants; Plan of Eegistration by the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture 10 Date of Our Meeting 11 The Tariff; Parcels Post; Ladies' S. A. F. ; Sports; Appointment of Committee on President 's Address ll* The Secretary's Eepokt: Taking over Office; The Pure Seed Bill; Transportation 13 Medals ; Plant Eegistration 14 Members Lost by Death; Membership Statistics July 31, 1908 (see page 266 for Statistics Corrected to November 20, 1908) 15 Percentages of Membership to Total Number in the Trade 16 Lonesome ^Niembers; State Vice-Presidents; Payment of Dues 17 The Thanks of the Society; Preliminary Financial Statement IS The Treasurer's Report: Gross Receipts and Disbursements 19 General Fund, Year 1907 2o Life Membership Fund, Year 1907 22 Supplemental Eeport, January to March 17. 1908 23" Reports of State Vice-Presidents : Appointment of Committee (for Reports in Detail see Page 138). . 27 268 INDEX Minutes of the Executive Board: Special Meeting at Pliiladelphia, Dec. 28, 1907; Appointment of W. N. Eudcl as Secretary; Eesolutions on the Death of P. J. Haus\\irth 28 Payments by Secretary to Treasurer; Settlement with the Estate of the Late Secretary; Offer of Medals at the National Flower Show ; Designation of Depositories for Funds 29 Kegular Meeting at Niagara Falls March 23 and 24, 1908; Eeports of Secretary and Treasurer Audited; Prize Essays 29 Life Members' Badges; Appointment of Representative at Wash- ington; Nomenclature; The Trade Exhibition; Appointment of Superintendent; President Authorized to Offer Silver and Bronze Medals at Exhibitions 30 The Census; Secretary Authorized to Prepare Circular Matter; Change in Salary of Secretary; Eeport of Auditing Committee 31 Officers' Bonds; Proposed Amendments; Appropriations; Meeting with Canadian Horticultural Society Eepreseutatives; Engage- ment of Hall 32 Meeting at Niagara Falls, Aug. 18, 1908; Calling of Special Meet- ing; Offering of Gold Medal at the National Flower Show; Life Membership Badges 33 Other Committee Eeports : The Legislative Committee; The Census Committee 33 Discussion of Census Committee Eeport 38 Eeport Adopted and Committee Continued 39 School Gardens— Eeport Deferred; The Tariff 40 Discussion on Tariff Committee Eeport 41 National Council of Horticulture^Eeport Deferred; Committee on Sports 43 Standard Pots ; Discussion on Standard Pots 44 No AAvards to be Made on Plants Not in Standard Pots 45 FIEST DAY— EVENING. The President 's Eeception 47 SECOND DAY— MOENING. Committee on State Vice-Presidents: Eeport of Committee 48 In Memory of Absent Members: Wm. E. Smith 49 INDEX 269 Ix MemokiaM: Wm. Seott ; Alex. Wallace 50 Fertilizers and rERTiLiTV: Paiiei- by J. F. Cowell; We Are in the Experiineutal Stage of Agri- culture ; Fundamental Facts 51 Nitrogen; Phosphoric Acid; Potash; Must be Soluble in AVater; Theories Eegarding Nitrogen 52 Symbiotic Relationship ; Bacteria 53 Clover ; Fungi ; Ferments 54 Enzymes ; Soil Conditions ^)o Clover Sick Lands ; Ptomaines 56 Flower Crops Under Glass; Discussion 57 Fungus on Beech Roots; Inoculation of Soil; Sour Soil 58 Humus in the Soil 59 Selection of Meeting Place toe 1909: Invitation from Cincinnati ; From Montreal 60 Invitation from Rochester 61 Nomination of Officers: J. A. Valentine Nominated for President 62 E. G. Gillett Nominated for Vice-President 63 W. N. Rudd and J. F. Sullivan Nominated for Secretary 63 Welcome to Canadian Horticultural Association : Remarks by President Traendly ; by President Walsh 6o Report of Committee on President's Address 65 Report of Judges of Exhibits 66 SECOND DAY— AFTERNOON. Visit of S. A. F. and 0. H. Members to the Canadian Horticultural Association 68 SECOND DAY— EVENING. How Florists May Aid in the Crusade Against Ugliness : Stereopticon Lecture by J. Horace McFarland 69 The Crusade Against Ugliness ^lixed up with Religion; Florists Should Make Their Own Places Pleasing 70 Ugliness in Approaches to Railroad Stations; Park Approaches. ... 71 Native Hardy Plants; Street Signs; Lamp Posts and Poles 72 Bill Boards 73 270 INDEX THIED DAY— :\IOEXIXG. OUT-OF-Dooi; EOSES: Paper by Win. C. Ban y 74 The Queen of FloAvers ; Planting- 75 Budded and Own Eoot Eoses 76 Diseases and Insects; Pruning ; Ont-of-Door Eoses 77 Hardy Climbing Eoses 78 Hybrid Perpetual Eoses 79 Polyautha Eoses; Hybrid Tea Eoses 80 Xew Eoses SI Discussion ; Eose Conrad F. Meyer H'2 In 1\Iemokia:m : Alexander AVallaee 84 Amendments to the Constitution and By-Laws: Article I; Section 2, Article II; Article III; Article lY 85 Exclusion of the Public from Trade Exhibitions S7 Telegrams and Efforts: Telegram to AYm. E. Smith 88 Eeport on ^Memorial to William Scott 88 Compl'vim's Against Express Companies: Special Cases ; General Discussion Sy Trade Exhibition : Supx-)Iemental Eeport of Judges (See Page 66 for Full Eeport) .... 9_ Election of Of"ficers: Announcement of Eesults of Election 93 Speeches of Acknowledgment by the Oflftcers-elect 9o THIED DAY— AFTEEXOOX. The Xational Flower Show: Address by E. G. Hill 94 The Time; Use of Such Exhibitions 95 Exhibits in Europe; Spring the Better Time; European (Growers.. 96 European Shows ^'7 Eoses at European Shows 9s Eeport of W. F. Kasting, GeneraFChairman 98 Eeport of J. C. Yaughan. Chairman of Local Management H'U IXDEX 1271 Address by W. X. J\u(l(l. (Iiainiian of Pieiniuni roinniittee 1()2 Treasurer 's Keport 10-1 Keport of George Asnius. Chainnan of Advertisinjj- 105 The Exhibition at Glicnt. Reloiuin lOo MiSCEIJ-AXEOUS Appointment of Conmiittee on J-inal Hesoliitions ; Keport of Com- mittee on Essays ] 06 Routine ^Fatters 107 FOURTH I ) AY— M ORX I XG. Trade Exhibition : Supplemental Keport of .Judges (See Page 66 for Full Report). .. . 108 ScHOO]. Gardens: Address by L. C. Gorbett; Aim of the School Garden 108 Teaching Methods in C'ity Schools; The Original Idea — Pestalozzi — I-'roebel 109 Effects on the Child 110 Value of the Knowledge Acquired Ill Educational Ideas Changing 112 Horticultural Education in the Public Schools: Report of the Committee on Horticultural Education, by F. R. Pierson 112 Meeting of the Committee at Cornell University; the Horticultural Course 113 Discussion Ill: Acknowledgment of Valuable Work Done by Prof. Corbett. Dr. A. C. True and Prof, Crosby 116 The First Children 's Playground 117 The Trade Exhibition : Provisional Ke})ort (the Full Report Appears on Page 202) 117 State Florists' Associations and the Relation They Should Bear TO the S, a, F, and 0. H, : Paper by Albert T, Hey; The Illinois Association; The Illinois Experiment Station .' 118 State Fairs , , 119 X^ot Too Many Societies J20 The Citv Beautiful ; Discussion 121 272 IXDEX What Illinois Is Doing for the Florist: Address by H. B. Dorner; The Xew Greenhouses 122 Fertilizer Works; Course in Floriculture ]23 Landscape Gardening Instruction; Discussion 124 What the U. S. Department of Agriculture Is Doing 126 Planting for Winter Effect in the Northern fSTATES: Paper hj Geo. E. McClure 127 Material to be Used 128 The Mixed Forest 129 Evergreens ; Low Planting 130 Ehododendrons 131 Winterberrj 132 Various Species 133 Borders Along Ponds ; Gray Effects 134 Presentation to President Traendly: Address of E. V. Hallock 135 Kesponse by President Traendly 136 Adjournment 136 FOURTH DAY— AFTEEXOOX. Entertainment : The Boat Eide 137 Final Eesolutions 137 YAEIOUS EEPOETS AND COXTIXGEXT MATTEES. Eepoets of State Vice-Presidents : California 138 Connecticut; District of Columbia 139 Florida 140 Georgia ; Illinois — Xorth 141 Illinois— South 142 loAva ; Indiana 143 Maryland 144 Massachusetts — East 145 Massachusetts — "West 146 Michigan — East 147 INDEX 273 Mielngau^ — West 14S Mississippi ; Missouri — East 149 Missouri — West 150 Nebraska , 152 New Hampshire ; New Jersey 153 New York — East 154 New York — West 155 Ohio — South 156 Pennsylvania — East ; Pennsyh ania — West 157 Ehode Island ; South Carolina 158 West Virginia ; Wisconsin — East 159 AViseonsin — South 160 Manitoba 161 Report of the Entomologist: List of Experiment Station Literature Issued January 1 to August, 1908 ' 161 Emits 162 Elowers; Relations BetAveen Insects and Flowers 171 Control of Insect Pests; Insects Injurious to the Eose; Bud Eot Mite of Carnations 172 Eeport of the Botanist: Breeding 173 Principles of Breeding 174 Plant Breeding 175 Seed Selection; Improvement of the Easpberry; Heredity and Environment 177 Hybrid Potatoes 178 A Clover Mutant; Mendelian Inheritance 179 Eeport of the American Breeders' Association; Notes on Plants for Cultivation 181 Nomenclature 182 Diseases of Plants; Bud Eot of Carnations 183 Chrysanthemum Eay Blight; Canker of Ehododendron; Diseases of Eubber Plants 184 Brown Eot of the Lemon 186 Seed Work ; Latent Seeds 188 Infection of Seeds with Moulds 189 Toxic Salts on Plants 190 Eeport of the Pathologist: Long Continued Study of Greenhouse Plant Diseases Needed 192 Eelation of Plants to Disease; Few Diseases Attack Healthy Plants ; Arbor Vitae lf)3 274 INDEX Asparagus ; Aster ; Begonia 194 Calla Lily ; Carnation 195 Spot Fungi ; Knst ; Stem Eots; Cedar 196 Chestnut ; Chrvf^antheinutn 197 Hollyhock ; Hyacinth 198 Lily; Lilac; Orchid; Sweet Pea 199 Eose ; Snap Dragon 200 Violet ; Fungicides 201 Tkade Exhibitiox : Eeport of Superintendent 202 Sports : The Bowling Contests 206 Baseball 207 The American Carnation Society: Eepoit of ^Meeting on August 20 20S The American Eose Society : Eepovt of greeting at Niagara Falls. 208 The Ladies ' Society of A:merican Florists : Eeport of Meeting on August 19 210 The Florists' Hail Association: Annual ^Meeting August 18 ; Eeports 211 Officers, Committees and ^VFembers of the S. A. F. and O. H. : Officers and Committees, 1908 -_ 215 Officers Elect (for 1909) ' 218 Life :\rembers 219 Annual ^Members 223 List of Members by States 240 Statistics of ]\rembership (See also Pages lo-K)) 266 7-1911 vt^