= To} =~ -@ Qe Oner * » a =——s =f a teck oer e : , 7 - > 828 -e-* ese ah iseee + ert . olen Lee ea « iP +> 7 : 5 ner pale pd = ane eee et. Fat ho nae S45 threw we Be @e Oem we te OTe ete = ars creep MR Ste pf -2- 8 oh Am sigue *. i? las ot aot ete > *-2-* iA . 7° = ee 7 & pr o-. 2 ee. ee a ere | rer a) 4 #11 fee >) Bee * Serres 1s! oe wl dear Ore o9 Disseraide vreece ais far Sarege ear wr, Hae * £2 #6 27 thee oe 1%) BIT Hi4 s «wha oe or ee » fe, © -—+ #4 1% aint % LA. Ae 4H O.e ~ > + = t-test ss ebets ‘a tem ‘hevme oe 61 oe S 5144s . . + hae ae Oe Oo 8 « bs—ece —e @ ae +a ce- LIST OF MEMBERS - OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, — ON THE 31sT DECEMBER, 1866. LIST OF ORDINARY MEMBERS. The * distinguishes Non-Subscribing and the + Non-Resident Members. OPP OVIPUIVIVIIUVOPIIIIS Date of Election. 1847 June 2.| Abbott, Brigdr.-Genl. J., Royal Artillery. Dinapore 1860 Dec. 5.| Abdool Luteef, Khan Bahadur, Mau- lavi. Calcutta 1865 June 7.| Agabeg, J. Esq. Calcutta 1860 July 4.|+Ahmad Khan, Saiéd, Bahadur. Allyghur 1862 April 2. | tAitchison, C. U. Esq., C.S. Lahore 1862 April 4. | +Aitchison, J. EH. T, Esq., M. D. Umritsar 1859 Feb. 2. | *Alabaster, C. Esq. China 1866 Jan. 0.|+Allan, Major A.S. - Allahabad 1852 July 7.| *Allen, C. Hsq., B. C. 8. Kurope 1864 May 4.1} ¢Alexander, N. 8. Hsq., C.S. Purneah 1860 Oct. 3.| Amir Ali Khan, Munshi. Calcutta 1861 May 1.| Anderson, Dr. T., F. L. 8. Calcutta 1865 Jan. 11.| Anderson, Dr. J., F. L. 8. Calcutta 1843 Sept. 4. | *Anderson, Lieut.-Col. W., Bengal Artillery. Kurope 1866 July 4.|+Anderson, A. Esq. Fyzabad 1864 Dec. 7. | Anderson, W. Ksq. Calcutta 1860 Nov. 7. |tAnley, W. A. D., Esq. Sarun 1861 Sept. 4.) Asghur Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab. | Calcutta 1861 July 8.) *Asphar, J. J. T. H. Esq. Hurope 1864 Dec. 7. | +Atkinson, EH. F. T. Esq. Jaunpore 1855 July 4.! Atkinson, W.S. Esq., M. A., F.L.S. | Calcutta 1861 Feb. 6.| fAusten, Capt. H. H. G., H. M.’s 24th Foot, Surv. Genl.’s Dept. | Dehra Dhoon 1826 Sept. 6.} Avdall, J. Esq. Calcutta 1835 Oct. 7.| *Baker,Col. W. E., Bengal Engineers. | Kurope 1865 Nov. 1.] Ball, V. Esq. Geol. Survey. Calcutta PLP LDL DPD PPL ILL PPP PILI L IP IL I I IINI I IIN II III IRI PRI NIT INI NSNI NII IIIA IDI APDIP II Date of Election. 1866 Sept. 5. 1860 Nov. 7. 1864 May 4. 1866 Jan. 17. 1862 Aug. 1860 July 1838 Jan. 1859 May 1861 Feb. 1849 June 1864 Sept. 1841 April 1861 Sept. 1847 Aug. 1830 Sept. 1862 Dee. 1862 Aug. 1862 June 1862 July 1864 Nov. 1840 July 1 1864 May 1846 Mar. 1859 Sept. 1857 Mar. 1859 Aug. 4 3 4 6 6 7 7 4 4 1 3 6 4 2 2 5 4. 4 7 4. 3 1864 April 6 1857 Aug. 2 1859 Aug. 3 1866 June 6. 1859 Oct. 12. 1854 Nov. 1 1865 May 3 1860 Mar. 7 1860 Oct. 8 1864 Dec. 7 1862 Jan. 15 1866 April 4. 1847 June 2. - Ballard, Lieut.-Col. H., C. B. _ Banerjea, Rev. K. M. Barry, Dr. J. B. Barton, Rev. J. + Basevi, Capt. J.P., Royal Engineers. . | *Batten, G@. H. M. Hsq., B. C. 8. .| *Batten, J. H. Esq., B.C. S. Bayley, E. C. Esq., B. C. S. - Bayley, 8. C. Esq., B. C. S Beadon, Hon’ble Sir Cecil, B. C. 8. . | +Beames, J. Esq., B. C. 8. Beaufort, F. L. Esq., B. C.S. .|*Beavan, Lieut. R. C., B.N. I. Beckwith, J. Esq., *Benson, Lieut.-Col. R. .| tBernard, C. HE. Esq., B. C. 8. Beverley, H. Esq., C. 8. +Bhau Daji, Dr. late 62nd Bhola Nath Mullick, Babu. Bhoodeb Mookerjee, Babu. K. C. B. *Birch, Major-General Sir R. J. H., Bird, Dr. R., Civil Surgeon. B. NVI. Blane, Lieut.-Col. 8. J. Blanford, H. F. Esq., A. F.G.S. .|fBlanford, W. T. Esq., A. F. G. 8. Geol. Surv. .| *Blagrave, Major T. C., 26th Regt., R. 8. M, R. 8. M, Blochmann, H. Esq., M. A. *Bogle, Lieut.-Col. Sir A. Kt. Bolie Chand Singh, Babu. Bourke, W. M. Esq. *Bowring, L. B. Esq., B. Branson, J. H. A. Esq. . *Briggs, Major D. C. 8. .|*Boycott, Dr. T., B. M. 8S. .| tBradford, C. W. V. Esq. .|*Brandis, Dr. D. Brandreth, Hon’ble JE. L. + Broderick, H. C. Esq., M. D. Calcutta Calcutta Calcutta © Calcutta Dehra Dhcon Kurope Hurope Calcutta Calcutta Calcutta Motehary 1 Chumparun Calcutta Europe Allipore Europe Nagpore Calcutta Bombay Calcutta Chinsurah Kurope Howrah Europe Calcutta Calcutta Bombay Calcutta Kurope Calcutta Calcutta Europe Europe Hooghly BKurope Calcutta Calcutta Europe Augur W. Mulwa Central India Horse *Brodie, Capt. T., 5th Regt., B. N. I. , Hurope PPL LAL LLL LL LL LILI LPI IP LLL PP LILI APPR ALL IAI IOS OLLI LOR IRS OPIOID Le OSD Date of Election. 1866 Jan. 17.|+Brown, Lieut.-Col. D. Amherst 1860 Nov. 7.|+Browne, Capt. Horace A. Rangoon 1866 Feb. 7.| Browne, Rev. J. Cave Calcutta 1866 June 6. | +Brownfield, C. Hsq. Gowhatty 1866 June 6.| Buckle, Dr. H. B., C. B. Calcutta 1863 Aug. 5.| Bunkim Chunder Chatterjee, B. A. Babu. Barripore 1856 Sept. 3.] Busheerooddin, Sultan Mohammad. | Chinsurah 1860 June 6.|+Campbell, C. J. Esq., C. E. Delhi 1859 Sept. 7.| *Campbell, Dr. A. Europe 1863 June 3.| Campbell, Hon’ble G. Calcutta 1860 Jan. 3.|+Carnac, J. H. Rivett, Esq., B. C. S. | Nagpore 1865 Nov. 1.|7Carnegy, P. Esq. Fyzabad 1860 Oct. 8.) +Christian, J. Esq. Monghyr 1863 Aug. 5.|+Chunder Nath Roy, Cowar. Natore 1868 April 1.| Cleghorn, Dr. H. Calcutta 1863 June 8.|+Clementson, KH. W. Esq. Moulmein 1864 May 4.|7Cline, G. W. Esq. L.LD. F. G.S. | Nagpore 1861 Sept. 4.|+Cockburn, J. F. Hsq., C. E. Kurhurbari Colliery 1862 April 2.) Colles, J. A. P. Esq., M. D, Calcutta 1851 Mar. 5.|*Colvin, J. H. B. Esq., B. C. 8. Europe 1860 Dec. 5.| tCooper, F. H. Esq., B. C. S. Lahore 1857 Mar. 4. | *Cowell, HE. B. Esq., M. A. Kurope 1866 May 2.|*Cox, W. H. Esq. Europe 1866 Jan. 17.| Crawford, J. A. Esq., C. S. Calcutta 1861 July 3.|*Crockett, Oliver, R. Esq. China 1866 Feb. 7.| +Daly, N. Esq. Myanoung Burma _1862 April 2.|*Dalrymple, F. A. E. Esq., C. S. Europe 1847 June 2.|+Dalton, Lieut.-Col. E. T., 9th Regt. | Chota Nag- B.S. pore 1861 Mar. 6. | +Davey, N. T. Esq., Revenue Survey. | Dacca | 1865 May a4 Davies, C. Esq. Rotasghur 1861 Nov. 6.| Davies, R. H. Esq., B. C. S. Oudh 1864 July 6.| +Debendra Mullick, Babu. Calcutta 1856 June 4. | +DeBourbel, Major R., Bengal Engrs. | Assam 1861 June 5.| *Denison, His Excellency Slr W. K. C. B. | Kurope 18638 Feb. 4. | +Deo Narain Singh, Hon’ble Rajah. | Benares 1863 June 3. | +Depree, Capt. G.C., Royal Artillery. | Chota Nag- ore 1861 Mar. 6. | *Devereux, Hon’ble H. B., B.C. S. foe 1862 May 7.|;Dhunpati Sinha Dooghur, Roy Bahadur. Azimgunge ~ 1859 Oct. 1859 Dee. 7. 5. Date of Election. 1853 Sept. 1860 Nov. 1859 Sept. 1854 July 1864 Dec. 1860 Jan. 1861 May 1857 May 1840 Oct. 1863 May 1865 Feb. 1846 Jan. 1859 Nov. 1863 April 1856 Mar. 1854 Nov. 1861 Jan. 1856 Aug. 1863 Oct. 1862 Aug. 1865 June 1851 May 1863 Jan. 15. 1865 Aug. 2. 19; 1860 Mar. 7. 5; 1859 Oct. 1865 April 1861 Feb. 1863 Dec. 1863 June 1860 Mar. 1861 Sept. 1849 Sept. 1866 Jan. 17. 1864 Aug. 11. 1859 Aug. 3. TT LOD sa 12. .| tHlliott, C. A. Esq., .| tHllis, Hon’ble R.8., C. S., C. B. . | *Hllis, Lieut.-Col. Dickens, Lieut.-Uol. C. H. Digumber Mitra, Babu. *Douglas, Lieut.-Col. C. : +Drummond, Hon’ble E., B. C. S. .| *Dunlop, H. G. Esq. .| ¢Duka, Dr. T. iad . | *Harle, Capt. H. L., Bengal Artillery. *Eatwell, Dr. W. O.B. T 7 T 4) fi 4 1 6 re *Edgeworth, M. P. Hsq., B. C. S. 6.| +Hdgar, J. W. Esq., B. O. 8. 1. | +Hgerton, P. H. Esq., B. C. 8S. De 2 1 5 1 9 6 a 6 7 ik *Hlliott, Walter, Hsq., M. C. 8. B.C. S. R. BR. W., 28rd Regt. B. N. I. 1 + Elphinstone, Capt. M. W. 4th Regt. BocNs £ . | ¢Erskine, Hon’ble C. i , Bombay C.S. .| *Erskine, Major W. C. B. Ewart, Dr. J. *Hyre, Col. Vincent, C. B. Faweus, Dr. J. Fayrer, Dr. J., B. M.S. + Fedden, Francis, Esq., Geol. Survey. Fenn, 8. Esq. 7Fisher, A. Esq. *Hitzwilliam, Hon’ble W. S. *Fleming, Dr. J. M. 29th P. Nol 7Forrest, R. Esq., Civil Engineer. Forsyth, Lieut. J. .| Forsyth, T. D. Esq., C. B. .| t Frere, His Excellency Sir H. Bartle, KCl Bi, Ba’ Cas: tFuller, Capt. A. R. +Furlong, Major J. G. R. Futteh Ali, Maulavi. +Fytche, Lient. -Col, A. 70th Regt. B.N.LI. G. M. Tagore, Esq. Garrett, C. B. Esq., C. 8. Gastrell, Lieut.-Col. J. E., 13th Regt. N. L., Rev. Survey. Calcutta Calcutta Kurope Allahabad Europe Simla Kurope Kurope Europe Cachar Umritsar Europe Futtehghur Madras Hurope Lahore Bombay Kurope Calcutta Kurope Calcutta Calcutta Calcutta Calcutta China Hurope Kurope Etwah Nagpore Lahore Bombay Lahore Agra Calcutta Rangoon Calcutta Chaprah Caleutta Date of Election. 1859 Sept. 1865 June 1842 Sept. 1859 Sept. 1862 July 1864 Dec. 1862 Feb. 1863 Nov. 1859 Dec. 1860 Jan. 1860 July 1866 June 1861 Sept. 1860 Nov. 1849 Aug. 1861 Feb. 1862 Feb. 1847 June 1866 Jan. 1 1863 June 1855 Mar. 1828 Nov. 1 1847 May 1859 Oct. 1 1866 Nov. 1863 Mar. 1862 Oct. 1860 Oct. 1861 Feb. 1864 Nov. 1848 May 1862 Aug. 1866 April 4. 1859 Aus. 1853 July 6. 1854 Mar. 1. 1866 Jan. 17. 1860 May 2. 185) Sept. 7. 1863 July 1. 2 PO he pe =, St Po BL eee es OT Sh ee eS Ot Se Ses 6 2: 1859 Oct. 12. Bi 6 ~ *Geoghegan, J. Hsq., B. C. S. Giles, A. H. Esq. *Gladstone, W. Esq. *Goodeve, HE. Esq., M. D. Gordon, J. D. Esq., C. 8. 7+ Gooroochurn Dass Babu. +Gourdoss Bysack, Babu. ;+Gowan, Major J G. * Geant) Sir dei KG 2a: Grant, T. R. Esq. Grey, Hon’ble W., B. C. S. +Gribble, T. W. Esq., B. C. S. +Griffin, L. Esq., B. C. S. +Griffith, R. T. H. Esq. Grote, A. Esq., B.C. S., F. L. 8. +Growse, F. 8. Esq., B. C. S. *Guthrie, Col. C. 8., Bengal Engrs. *Hall, F. EK. Hisq., M. A., D. C. L. + Hamilton, Capt. T. C *Hamilton, Col. G. W. + Hamilton, R. Esq. *Hamilton, Sir R. N. E., Bart., B.C.S. *Hannyngton, Col. J.C., 63rd Regt. Ned, *Hardie, Dr. G. K. Harendra Krishna Kumar. Hari Dass Dutt, Babu. *Harington, Hon’ble H. B. 7 Harris, E. B. Esq., C. S. + Harrison, A. S. Esq., B. A. Hatton, C. W, Esq. + Haughton, Lieut. “Gol JEU, te S.I * Hearsay, Maj.-Gl. Sir J.B, K.0.B +Heeley, W. L. Esq., C. S. Henry, N. A. Esq. Henessey, J. B. N. Esq. Herschel, W. J. Esq., B. C. 8. *Hichens, Lieut. W., Hicks, J. G. Esq. Hobhouse, C. P. Hon’ble B. C. 8. + Hopkinson, H. Lieut.-Col. H. +Horne, C. Hsq., C. 8. Bengal Engrs. —_~ Kurope Dinajpore Hurope Kurope Calcutta Jungipore Jahanabad Sirhind Divi- sion, Umbala Europe Calcutta Calcutta Sasseeram Lahore Benares Calcutta Mynpoorie Europe Kurope Moulmein Europe Bombay Hurope Kurope Kurope Calcutta Calcutta Kurope E IL. Railway Rohnee W. Deoghur Behar. Calcutta Julpigorie | Hurope Berhampore Calcutta Calcutta Midnapore Europe Calcutta Calcutta Assam Mynpoorie Date of Election. 1860 Mar. 7.| Hovenden, MajorJ.J., BengalEngrs. | Calcutta 1863 Jan. 15. | t+ Howell, M. 8. Hsq., C.5S. Shajehanpore 1866 Jan. 17. | +Hughes, Lieut. W. G. Martaban 1866 Feb. 7.| Hoyle, G. W. Hsq. Calcutta 1866 Mar. 7.| Irvine, W. Esq., C. 5S. Muzafernagar 1860 Jan. 4.|+Innes, Major J. J. M, Lahore 1862 Oct. 8.|+Irwin, Valentine, Esq., C. S. Narail, Jessore 1853 Dec. 7. + IshureeprasddSinha, Bahadur,Rajah. Benares 1864 Sept. 7. |*Jackson, Hon’ble EH. Kurope 1861 Jan. 9.| Jackson, Hon’ble L.S., B.C. 8. | Calcutta 1841 April 7.|*Jackson, W. B. Esq., B. C. S. Europe 1851 April 2.| Jadava Krishna Singha, Babu. Calcutta 1861 Dec. 4.} James, Major H. R., C. B. Calcutta 1864 Sept. 7.|*Jardine, R. Hsq., C.S. Kurope 1845 Dec. 3./+Jerdon, Dr. T. C., M. M.S. Mussoorie 1866 Feb. 7.)+Johnson, W H. Esq. Dehra 1847 June 2.) Johnstone, J. Esq. Hurope 1862 Mar. 5. * Johnstone, Capt. st Assistant Com- missioner. Europe 1859 Sept. 7.|*Jones, R. Esq. Kurope 1865 June 7.|+Joykissen Dass Bahadur, Rajah. Allyghur 1866 Mar. 7.| Kadar Nath Mookerjee. Bhowanipore 1858 Feb. 3.| Kaliprosonno Singha, Babu. Calcutta 1863 July 1.|*Kane, H. 8S. Esq., M. D. Kurope 1850 April 38. | *Kay, Rev. V+; DOS. Kurope 1861 Dec. 15.) +Kempson, M. Esq., M. A. Bareilly 1862 Jan. 15.| King, W. Hsq., Jr., Geol. Survey. | Madras 1839 Mar. 6.) *Laidlay, J. W. Esq. Kurope 1861 Mar. 6.]| *Laing, Hon’ble 8. Hurope 1863 Sept. 2.| Lane, T. B. Esq., B. C. 8. Calcutta 1851 Dec. 3. +Layard, Major F¥. P. Bhagulpore 1864 Feb. 3. | +Leeds,H.Esq ,Conservatorof Forests, | Burmah 1852 April 7.| Lees, Major W. N., LL. D. Calcutta 1859 Dec. 7 Leonard, H. Hsq., GC. E. Calcutta 1865 June 7. | +Lewin, Capt. T. H. Chittagong 1856 Feb. 6. *Liebig, Dr. G. Von., B. M.S. Kurope 1860 Jan. 4.| Lindsay, E. J. Esq. Calcutta 1861 Nov. 6.| +Lloyd, Capt. M. Tounghoo 1862 Dec. 3.| Lobb, S. Esq., M. A. Calcutta 1835 Oct. 7 Loch, Hon’ a G., B.C. 8. Calcutta 1864 Nov. 2. Locke, H.. Esq. Calcutta 1866 May 2. +Lovett, Lieut. B. Punjab —-:1828 July = 2. | *Low, Major- General Sir J., K. C. B. | Europe "Wate of ee 1866 Fai ¥7. 1861 April 3. 1854 Nov. 1. 1866 Mar. 7. 1866 June 6. 1848 April 5. 1866 Jan. 17. 1. 15. 1865 Nov. 1863 Jan. 1860 Jan. 1865 Mar. 1862 Sept. 1860 July 1852 Nov. 1861 June 1864 Aug. 1850 Jan. 1866 July 1863 Oct. 1863 Nov. 1837 Oct. 1860 Mar. 1861 Feb. — 1855 Nov. 185) April 1847 April 1856 Feb. 1865 July 1854 Dec. 1864 June 1837 July 1854 Oct. 1859 Aug. jxnd CEN HAMA Aa Ww ED 1862 July 1860 Nov. 1865 Feb. 1852 Sept. 1863 Sept. 1863 Jan. 15. ae te ae ee a Se Sad a aaa tLow, James, Esq., G. T. 8. *Lumsden, Major P. S. *Lushington, F. A. Esq., B. C. S. +Macdonall, A. P. Esq. +Macdonald, Capt. J. Staff Corps. tMaclagan, Lieut.-Col.R., F. R. 8. E. Macgregor, Lieut. C. Mackenzie, A. Hsq., C. 8. Maine, Hon'ble H. S. Mair, Nee Hsq., M. A. Malleson, Major G. B. Mallet, F. R. Esq. Man, HE. G. Esq. Manickjee Rustomjee, Esq. *Man Sinha Bahadur, Maharajah. *Marks, Rev. J. Ebenezer. *Marshman, J. C. Hsq. Mathews, J. H. Esq. +Martin, T. Esq., C. H. *McClelland, Dr. J. +McLeod, Hon’bleD. F., C.B., B.C.S. +Medlicott, H. B. Esq., F. G. S. +Melville, Capt. A. B., late 67th N. I. Surv. Genl.’s Dept. *Middleton, J. Hsq. *Mills, A. J. M. Esq., B.C. S. *Money, D. J. Esq., B. C. 8. Money, J. W. B. Esq. +Morland, Major J. +Morris, G. G. Esq., B. C. S. +Moula Bukhsh, Khan Bahadur, Maulvi *Muir, J. Esq. Muir, Hon’ble W., B.C. 8S... +Murray, Lieut. w. G., 68th N. I. +Napier, His Excellency Major-Genl. Sir ’K,, KC. *Newmarch, Major GD: +Newul Kishwar, Moonshee. *Nicholls, Capt. W. T., 24th Regi- ment, M. N. I. Norman, Major F. B. Norman, Hon’ble J. P. Dehra Dhoon Hurope Kurope Monghyr Chandu _ Divi- sion, Nagpore Lahore Buxa Calcutta Calcutta Calcutta Calcutta Calcutta Burdwan Calcutta Oudh Europe Kurope Calcutta Gowhatty Europe Lahore Gwalior Gwalior Kurope Europe Europe Calcutta Umballa J essore Patna Europe Calcutta Mussoorie Bombay Hurope Lucknow Kurope Caleutta Calcutta SS ded Be Date of Election. —=—"s~' 1860 June 4. + Oldham, C. Hsq., Geological Survey. | Madras Oldham, T. Esq., LL. D., F. R. 8. | Calcutta 1851 June 4. 1864 Dec. 7. 1866 July 4. 1837 June 7. 1847 Feb. 10. 1864 Mar. 1862 May 1860 Feb. 1864 Mar. 1865 Sept. 1835 July 1864 Nov. 1862 Oct. 1839 Mar. 1860 Jan. 1825 Mar. 1837 Feb. 1864 Feb. © 1862 April 1853 April 1849 Sept. 1856 Mar. 1864 May 1837 Feb. 1865 July 1866 Jan. 1 1860 Mar. 1864 Dec. 1857 June 1857 Aug. 1863 April 1864 Dec. 1863 May 1865 Feb. 1847 Dec. 1866 Dec. 1859 Sept. 1865 June 1859 Feb. 1856 Aug. 1861 Dec. es Se SS Sri GS Se ee See SP Se eS are eee Onslow, D. B. Esq. Ormsby, M. H. Ksq. *Q’Shaughnessy, Sir W. B. *Ousely, Major W. R. Palmer, Dr. W. J. Partridge, 8. B. Esq., M. D. +Pearse, Major G. G. +Pellew, F. H. Esq., C. S. +Peppe, J. H. Esq. +Phayre, Lt.-Col. AP,C B. Phear, Hon’ble J. B. +Poolin Behary Sen, Babu. Pratt, Ven’bleArchdeaconJ.H.,M.A. Preonath Sett, Babu. *Prinsep, C. R. Esq. Prosonno Coomar Tagore, Babu. fPullan, Lieut. A., G. T. Survey. Raban, Lieut.-Col. H. Radha Nath Sikdar, Babu. Rajendra Dutt, Babu. Rajendalala Mitra, Babu. Ramanath Bose, Babu. Ramanath Tagore, Babu. +Ramsden, Lieut. W. C. Rattray, A. Esq. +Reid, H. S. Esq. +Richardson, R. J. Esq., C. S. Riddell, Hon’ble H. B., B. C.S. +Roberts, Hon’ble A. A., B.C. 8 Robertson, C. Esq., C. 8S. Robertson, H. 8. Esq. +Robertson, H. D. Hsgq., C. S. Robinson, 8. H. Esq. *Rogers, Capt. T. H. Ross, J. M. Esq. Russell, A. KE. Hsq., B. C.8. + Sarodaprosid Mookerjee, Babu.’ Satischunder Roy Maharajah. Satyasharana Ghosal, Rajah. ySaunders, C. B. Hsq., B. 0. 8. Barrackpore Calcutta Hurope Kurope Calcutta Calcutta Madras Burrisal Gya Rangoon Calcutta Berhampore Calcutta Calcutta Hurope Calcutta Dehra Dhoon Calcutta Calcutta Calcutta Calcutta Calcutta Calcutta Cawnpore Hidgelee Kan- tee Oudh, Gya Calcutta Panjab: Nyne Tal Azimghur Saharunpore Calcutta Kurope Calcutta Hoogly Baraset Krishnagur Bhookylas, Calcutta Mysore Date of Election. 1864 June 1. 1854 Dec. 6. 1854 May 2. 1860 Feb. 1. 1859 Aug. 3. 1866 Jan. 17. 1863 Sept. 3. 1860 July 4. 1866 Sept. 5. 1845 Jan. 14. 1863 April 1864 Feb. 1866 June 1864 Sept. 1866 June 1865 July 1856 Feb. 1866 May 1854 Sept. 1864 Mar. 1860 May 2. 1843 Sept. 4 1863 Jan, 15. 1863 May 1863 Sept. 1864 April 2 6 1861 Sept. 4. 4. 1863 Nov. 1843 May 1859 Mar. 1858 July 1864 Aug. 11. 1865 Sept. 6. 186b April 5. 1860 May 2. 1859. Mar. 2: SSS LP ere a e . mr) 3 2 1861 Octs,..:2: ( i DALLPLLPJVJOPOLLE_LVOGPVWVWVYVOYDPVILOPOIPmwy_ 2 VIII. 38th M. N. 1. Schiller, F. Esq. *Scott, Col. HE. W. S. +Scott, W. H. Esq. *Seaton, Lieut. G. Sama Churn Sirkar, Babu. 7Shelverton, G. Esq. Sherer, Capt. F. 8S. *Sherwill, Lt.-Col. W.8., 66th Regi- *Saunders, J. O'B. Esq. {Saxton, Lt.-Col. G. H., F. G.S., ment BL NWT, FG. 8S. Bs RaGes: Showers, Major C. L. Shumbhoonath Pundit, Hon’ble. Sime, J. Hsq., B. A. +Sladen, Capt. EH. B. 7Smart, R. B. Esq. Smith, D. Boyes, Esq., M. D. *Smith, Col. J. F. ySoorut Nauth Mullick, Baboo. Spankie, R. Esq., B. C. 8. Spearman, Lieut. H. R. £9 a Tawney, C. H. Esq. + Taylor, R. Esq. 7+Temple, R. Esq., B. C. oa + Theobald, W. Hsq., Jr. Survey. Lt.-Col. 8. *Staunton, Major F. 8., Beng. Engs. *Stephen, Major J. G., Sterndale, R. A. Esq. tStevens, W. H. Esq. Stewart, R. D. Esq. Stewart, J. L. Esq. M. D. Stokes, Whitley, Esq. Stoliczka, Dr. F. + Strachey, F. L. 8th N. I. R., F. BR. S. + Stubbs, Capt. EW. , Beng. Artillery. +Sudderuddin, Moonshi. + Sutherland, Swinhoe, W. Hsq. H. C. Esq., B. C. S. , Geological Ganjam Calcutta Kurope Dhera Dhoon Europe Calcutta Dhera Dhoon Gowhatty Kurope Calcutta Calcutta Calcutta Mandalay Assam Calcutta Europe Howrah Agra Yangzaleen British Bur- mah Darjiling Kurope Calcutta Futtyghur Calcutta Lahore Calcutta Calcutta Bombay Govinghur Unritsur Pundooah Backergunje Calcutta Calcutta Madras Nagpore Thayet Myo Date of Election. 1860 June 6. 1863 Mar. 4. 1855 June 6. 1853 Nov. 21. 1863 June 1847 June 1863 May 6. 1862 July 1865 July 1865 July 1862 Feb. 1861 June 1841 Feb. | 1863 Feb. 1864 Mar. 1464 July 1864 Sept. 1863 May 1860 May 1864 Feb. 1864 April 1865 Nov. 1861 May 1863 Dec. 1863 May 1863 Oct. 1863 Dec. 1862 Jan. 1 1852 July 1859 July 1865 May 1854 July 1847 Nov. 1862 Oct. J 4. 9 6 2 5 5 5 5 1863 Mar. 4. 3 4 2 6 4 6 2 5 6 Sa Sen PU eye ei 11 Thompson, J. G. Esq. *Thompson, Major G. Staff Corps. *Thompson, Dr. T., M. D., F.R.S., BS, Pence 6: +Thornhill, C. B. Esq., B. C. S. H., Bengal ‘+Thornton, T. H. Esq. Thuillier, Lt.-Col. H. 7s -En. Gs., Bengal Artillery. Thuillier, Lt. H. R. *Thurlow, Hon’ble T. J. H. -|+Tolbort, T. W. H. Esq., 0. S. Tonnerre, Dr. C. F. Torrens, Col. H D. *Tremlett, J. D. Hsq., C. 8. *Trevelyan, Right Hon'ble Sir C., K. C. B. Trevor, Hon’ble C. B., B. C. 8S. *Trevor, EH. T. Esq., B. C. 8. *Trevor,-Lt. HE. A. Royal Eng. ¢Trotter, Lieut. H. Bengal Eng. Tween, A. Hsq., Geological Survey. f Tyler, Dr. J. EN pnrene Capt. A. D., late 71st By Na 1 + Verchere, A. M. , Esq., M. D. + Vijayarama Gajapati Raj Munnia Sultan Bahadur, Maharajah Mirza. Waldie, D. Esq. +Walker, Lt.-Col. J. T., Bom. Engrs. +Walker, A. G. Esq. *Wall, P. W. Esq., C. 8. Waller, Dr: .W. K. Walters, Rev. M. D. C. + Ward, G. E. Hsq., B. C. S. *Ward, J. J. Esq., B.C. S. *Warrand, R HM. Hsq., B. C.S. Waterhouse, Lieut. J., Royal Ar- tillery. *Watson, J. Hsq., B. C. S. *Waugh, Major-General Sir A. S., Go, Be Ros. B. eG. 8. Wheeler, J. T. Esq. Calcutta Hazareebaug Kurope Allahabad Murree, Punjab Calcutta Calcutta Kurope Panjab Calcutta Saugor Goorranualla, Lahore Kurope Calcutta Hurope Europe Meerut Calcutta Ktah Lahore Kohat Vizianagaram Calcutta Dehra Dhoon Shahapur, Pan- jab Hurope Calcutta Calcutta Dehra Dhoon Kurope Europe Calcutta Hurope Kiurope Calcutta ~~ * Date of Election, 1864 Mar. 1861 Sept. 1859 Sept. 1859 Aug. 1865 Feb. 1866 Mar. 1861 May 1859 Mar. 1862 Aug. 1855 April 1856 July 2 4 ‘| 3 de (a 7 2 6 4 2 12 Wilkinson, C. J. Esq. . | ¢ Williams, Dr. C., H. M.’s 68th Regt. .| ¢ Wilson, W. L. Esq. +Wilmot, C. W. Esq. +Wilmot, E. Esq. +Wise, Dr. J. F. N. Woodrow, H. Esq., M. A. * Wortley, Major A. H. P. Wylie, J. W. Esq., Bambay C. 8. .| *Young, Lt.-Col. C. B. *Yule, Lt.-Col. H. Calcutta Rangoon Beerbhoom Deoghur Delhi Dacca Calcutta Kurope Calcutta Kurope Europe Date of Election. 1825 Mar. 1826 ,, 1829 July 1831 Sept. 1835 May 1840 Mar. 1842 Feb. 1847 Sept. 1847 Nov. - 1848 Feb. 1848 Mar. 1853 April 1854 Aug. 1855 Mar. 1858 July 1859 Mar. 1860 1865 Sept. 1844 Oct. 1856 June 1856 1856 1856 1856 _s,, 1856, 1857 Mar. ? ep] oP) -| Col. W. H. Sykes, F .| Prof. Lea. . | M. Reinaud, Memb. del’ Batis. , Prof. z! 4 0 5 1 3 2 8 6 2 i? 6 2 7 7 Z 7 7 7 a 6 13 LIST OF HONORARY MEMBERS. ~~ .| M. Garcinde Tassy, Membre del’ Inst. Sir John Phillippart. Count De Noe. .| Prof. Francis BPE, Memb. de I’ Aca- 9 1 1 ? a. 5 9) 6 4 démie. Prof. C. Lassen. Sir J. F. W. cba F. R. S. LR. 8: de I’ rahe. .| Dr. Ewald. .| Right Hon’ble Sir Edward Ryan, Kt. Prof. Jules Mohl, Memb. del’ Instit. His Highness Hekekyan Bey. Col. W. Munro. | His Highness the Nawab Nazim of Bengal. .) Dr. J. D. Hooker, R. N., F. R. 8. . | Prof. Henry Princeton. . | Major-Gen. Sir H. C. Rawlinson, K.C. B, FoR. 8. Do CoL. Col. Sir Proby T. Cautley, K. C.B., ROR. 5. Raja Radhakanta Deva, Bahadur. .| B. H. Hodgson, Esq. .| Hon’ble Sir J. W. Colvile, Kt. .| Prof. Max Miller. .| Mons. Stanislas Julien. Col. Sir George Everest, Kt., F. B.S. .| Dr. Robert Wight. . | Edward Thomas, Esquire. .| Dr. Aloys Sprenger. .| Dr. Albrecht Weber. .| Edward Blyth, Esquire. MacGowan, Dr. J. .| Kremer, Mons. A, Von. .| Porter, Rev. J. 4 4 4, | von Schlagintweit, Herr H. 4, 4 4 4 Smith, Dr. E. Tailor, J., Esquire, . | Wilson, Dr. .| Neitner, J., Esquire. Paris London Paris Berlin Bonn London London Philadelphia Paris Gottingen London Paris Kgypt London Moorshedabad London United States London London Brindabun Kurope EKurope Oxford Paris London London London Germany Berlin Kurope LIST OF CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. 2. Europe Alexandria Damascus Berlin Beyrout Bussorah Bombay Ceylon Date of Election. Eye ot eee 1859 Nov. 1859 May 1860 Feb. 1860 ,, 1860 April 1861 July 1862 Mar. 1863 Jan. 1 1863 July 1866 May 1500", 1835 Oct. 1838 Feb. 1843 Dec. 1865 May Saree Ree eee? UT 14 von Schlagintweit, Herr H. R. Berlin Frederick, Dr. H. Batavia Bleeker, Dr. H. Batavia Baker, Rev. H. K. Malabar Swinhoe, R., Esq., H. M.’s Consulate. | Amoy Haug, Dr. M. Poonah Gosche, Dr. R. Berlin Murray, A., Esquire. London Goldstiicker, Dr. T. London Barnes, R. H. Esquire. Ceylon Von, Schlagintweit, Prof, E. Prussia Sherring, Rev. M. A. Kurope LIST OF ASSOCIATE MEMBERS. Stephenson, J., Esquire, Kurope Keramut Ali, Saiéd. Hooghly Long, Rev. J. Calcutta Dall, Rev. C. H. A. Calcutta 15 ELECTIONS IN 1866. Corresponding Members. Schlagintweit, Prof. H. Von. Sherring, Rev. M. A. Ordinary Members. Russia Kurope Major A. S. Allan. Allahabad Rey. J. Barton. Calcutta Lieut.-Col. D. Brown. Amherst J. A. Crawford, Esq., C. 8. Calcutta *G. M. Tagore, Esq. Calcutta Capt T.C. Hamilton. Moulmein J. G. Hicks, Esq. Calcutta Lieut. W.G. Hughes. Martaban James Low, Esq. A. Rattray, Esq. Dehra Dhoon. Hedgellee Kantai A. Mackenzie, Hsq., C. S. Calcutta Lieut. G. Seaton. Tenasserim N. Daly, Esq. Myanoung Burma *Rev. J. Cave Browne. Calcutta G. W. Hoyle, Esq. Calcutta W. H. Johnson, Esq. Dehra Baboo Kadar Nath Mookerjee. Calcutta yd, FN. Wise. Dacca W. Irvine, Esq., C. 8. Mozufurnugger A. P. Macdenail, Hsq., C. 8. Calcutta N. A. Henry, Esq. Calcutta H. C. Broderick, Esq., M. D. * Re-elected. Augur West Malwa Cent. Malwa Horse W. H. Cox, Esq,., Krishnagur Lieut. B. Lovelt. Kohat, Punjab Baboo Soorut Nath Mullick. Howrah W. M. Bourke, Esq. Calcutta ©. Brounfield, Esq. Gowhatty Dr. H. B. Buckle, C. B. Calcutta T. W. Gribble, Hsq., B. C. S. Sassereem. Capt. J. Macdonald. Chanda Division, Nag- pore J. Sime, Hsq., B. A. Calcutta R. B. Smart, Esq. Dacca A. Anderson, Hsq. Fyzabad J. H. Mathews, Esq. Calcutta M. H. Ormsby, Esq. Calcutta Capt. F. 8. Sherer. Gowhatty Lieut.-Col. H. Ballard, C. B. Calcutta Kumar Harendra Krishna Bahadoor. Calcutta J. M. Ross, Esq. Calcutta 16 LOSS OF MEMBERS DURING THE YEAR 1866. By Retirement. Ordinary Members, R. B. Chapman, Esq. Calcutta Hon’ble A, Eden. Calcutta _ H. Duhan, Esq. Dehra Dhoon Baboo Kasinauth Chowdry. Calcutta R. L. Martin, Esq. Dacca C. C. Stevens, Hsq. Barasat Dr. A. C. Macrae. . Calcutta Lieut.-Col. D. G. Robinson. Calcutta J.C. Wilson, Esq. Fyzabad Capt. G. M. Bowie. Bhugulpore Baboo Jadoo Nath Mookerjee. Rajshaye J. Strachey, Esq., C. 8. Oudh J. M. Scott, Esq. Calcutta J. C. Sarkies, Esq. Calcutta Baboo Kaliprasunno Dutt. Calcutta Raja Apurva Krishna Bahadoor. Calcutta S. Jennings, Esq. Calcutta W. T. Dodsworth, Esq. Dehra Dhoon A. Money, Esq. Bhugulpore By Death. Dr. E. Roer. Brunswick, Germany — J. G. Medlicott, Esq. Midnapore Raja Pratab Chunder Sing. Pakpara Calcutta, Right Rev. Lord Bishop of, Calcutta J. Obbard, Esq. Kurope. 1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society, ABSTRACT STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY, FOR THE YEAR 1866. il Proceedings. of the Asiatic Society. STATEMENT Abstract of the Cash Account RECEIPTS. ADMISSION FEES, Received from New Members, Rs. 1,280 0 O CoNTRIBUTIONS. Received from Members, ses 8,676 1866. 1865. — 1,280 0 0 928 0 0 0 0 = 8676, 0 eas O08 JOURNAL, Sale proceeds of, and Subscrip- tion to the Journal of the Asiatic Society, Se Refund of Postage Stamps, ... Ditto of Packing Charges, ae Ditto of the amount from the Baptist Mission Press, overpaid in Bill No. 13438, being the cost of 6 Copies of Journal No IV. 1864, LIBrary. Sale proceeds of Books, Refund of Freight, - Ditto of the amount paid for a of copy Owen’s Comparative Anatomy, Vol. I, ... a MusEvum, Received from the General Trea- sury at 500 Rs. per month, from December, 1865 to April, 1866, Savings of salary, .. Refund in part of the Contingent Expenses, Ditto of the amount paid from the Contingent Account in March and April to Harry, Taxidermist, Ditto in part of the amount paid to Dr. J. Anderson for Medicine by Messrs. Bathgate and Co.’s bill on the 22nd May, 1866, ... SECRETARY'S OFFICE. Refund of Postage Stamps, Ditto of Packing Charges, ne Savings,... Discount on Postage Stamps, Refund of Freight, ... General Establishment, 1,285 31 3 6 586 12 10 “a 10 O 7 0 6 0 —— ‘Lae tes: Te 0 9 2 0 12 0 2,500 0 41 2 610 2 9 193 15 0 2,589 3 3 6,037 13 34 7 O 114 9 22 13 0 i a. 8 Cs eeetemel Carried over, Rs, 14,522 5 0 1867.] No. 1. of the Asiatic Society for 1866. Proceedings of the Asiatic Socvety. DISBURSEMENTS. 1866. JOURNAL. Freight, .. Rs. 113 11 0 Printing Charges, 1,729 9 0 Commission on Sale of Books, ... $a Purchase of Postage Stamps, ... 19410 0O Packing Charges, e: 28 4 O Lithographing and LEngraving Charges, &., ... 705 4 8 Purchase of a copy of J ournal Supplementary Number, Vol.15, 0.0 Petty Charges, ‘Ks ids id 2,799 15 10 LIBRARY. Salary of the Librarian, we. S40, 0.50 Establishment, 84 0 0 Salary for preparing a revised Catalogue, * bie Oe 0. O Purchase of Books, Se 375 3 3 Ditto of a Standford Library Map of Asia on roller, . 35 0 0 Ditto of Album of Photographs of Shahana, 125 15 6 Mounting 4 Sheets of verman Map of Asia on roller, .. 5 0 O Purchase of a set of Photographs of Cashmire, ie 42 0 0 Ditto of a set of ditto, ca A OO Ditto of 27 iglcaneals Views, ... 69 0 0 Book-Binding, : .. 263 14 0 Landing Charges, te 1410 € Gammiasion on Sale of Books, ,.. 40 13 2 A Blank Book, a 5 0 O Freight, ia 38 4 O Salary of Office Punkha- -man, 40 0 0 Ditto for preparing List of the Duplicate Books, ... 40 0 0 Ditto of ticca Duftory, Fe 12 4 3 6 Dusters for cleaning books, .., 112 0 Prepairing two Teak wood Book Cases, .. 682 8 O Purchase of Custom Stamps, 3 0 0 Petty Charges, 23 4 3 Subscription to the Indian Medi- cal Gazette, Ae wae ty ‘O' 6 3,361 8 ll Purchase of Books through Messrs. Williams and Norgate, London, 1,889 1 10 — 5,250 10 9° Carried over, Rs. 8,050 10 7 iil 1865. 3,272 4 3 2,576 9 6 Proctedings of the Asiatic Society. RECEIPTS, Brought over, Rs. 14,522 5 0 VESTED Funp. Sale proceeds of Government Securities, bet ai, pp hIO. Oa Interest on ditto, ... . Yee OS Premium on ditto, .., ia , Hoe Sao ————. 8, 142 8 6 337 8 O Coin Funp. Sale proceeds Silver Coins, aa a 0" 0 — 5 0 0 28615 6 Basu Poorno CHUNDER BYSACK, Refund in part of the amount advanced for Contingent Hx- penses, nies 2 4,048 8 6 ——— — 1648 8 6 76215 3° Messrs. WILLIAMS AND NorGATE, Sale proceeds of Books on their account, dee - 4 4 0 Magor-GeEnu. CUNNINGHAM. Refund of Packing Charges, ... 0 J. H. Batten, Esq. Refund of the amount advanced, 20 *0 Harry, TAXIDERMIST. Refund of the amount advanced, 10S “O"=6 Captain M. W. Carr. Received from him in Deposit, ,,. 312 0 312 0 Mason A. S. ALLAN. Received from him in Deposit, ... 7 4 0 ——— ae JAMES BEAMES, Esq. Received from him in Deposit, ... 012 0 —_——- -— Oro CapTaIn C, MacGREGoR, Refund of Banghy Expenses and Postage Stamps for sending Library Books, ... a 5 3 0 aaa > os OU Rev. H. A. JascuKe. Sale proceeds ofa Copy of Tibetan Grammar on his account, a Le oO GovERNMENT NortH WESTERN PRovINCES. Refund of freight for sending Journal and Proceedings for 1865, ... nes nas 1G, 75. "0 Carrain H. H. G. Austen. Refund of the amount paid for sending Library Books, 509 15 10 0 Carried over, Rs. 24,478 7 6 1867.] _ Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. DISBURSEMENTS. Brought over, Rs. 8,050 10 7 MusEvum. Salary of the Sub-Curator, «ac 590 ,0. 0 Establishment, ee na 7 oeo 10° G Extra Taxidermist’s Salary and Contingent Pay, ... we 1,742 13 11 Contingent Expenses, vey 2000: 7G Advertising Charges, 3812 0 Paid Messrs. Higgs and Haldar, . for white Satin Painting, to Museum Coses, ... . 47814 9 Ditto ditto for Stands, Railing and Painting, ... . 86314 6 Ditto ditto for making an animal stand, and taking up and re-set- ting in brick, &c. &c., % 73 0-0 Ditto ditto for Asphalting two rooms and renewing glasses to the Almirah and Sash door, &e.,. 15910 O Printing 500 Copies of Circular, . 15 0 0 Engraving 3 sets of Figures on Brass with Handle for branding the specimens of the Museum, Is 8. 0 ———-——. 6,272 11 8 6,468 3 6 SECRETARY’S. General Establishment, ae SO Secretary's Office Establishment, 1,068 O 0 Purchase of Postage Stamps, ... 128 7 O Stationery, tw dae 5.6 Purchase of Blank Books, sce 7 4 0 Insufficient Postage, sin’ 6 3 3 Printing Charges, ... ah ra. 0: <0 Repairing a Tin Almirah, Be & 00 Petty Charges, at ee de 6-6 VESTED FUND. Purchase of 53 per cent. Govern- ment Securities, ... . vee SOO O- Interest on ditto, ow. ue 3 12° 0 Premium on ditto, ... «wa. zon 8 <0 Commission on ditto, sea 22 8 O Brokerage on ditto, ... oS 6° 0 Commission to the Bank of Bengal for drawing Interest on the eoretdment Securities, adi ®: 7 Fee for renewing Government Securities, aoe ons 6 O20 — 3,284 9 10 Coin Funp. Purchase of Coins, .... cen a Ors Ditto of a fire-proof Treasure Chest with Cooly-hire, ... 133 0 O Prepairing an under Case of ditto with ditto, ve i; 30 0 0 Cocoanut Oil for cleaning Coins, . 0 3 0 ————_——._ 503 3 8 Carried over, Rs, 19,895 5 2 1,784 2 3 284913 3 013 6 386 11 9 Proceedings of the Asvatic Society. RECEIPTS, Brought over, Rs. 24,478 7 6 MotHoor Mouun Kur. Refund of the amount paid him as advance for preparing two book cases, oe pte: fol ie aD — 200 0 0 KR. T. Atxtnson, Esq. Refund of Banghy Expenses and Postage Stamps for sending Library Books, ... a 8 0 pee oO" a oes Se Carried over, Rs. 24,686 7 6 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. vii DISBURSEMENTS. Brought over, Rs.19,895 5 2 BUILDING. Assessment, im wn 450). 0:0 Ditto for Lighting, ... nee 967.0% 0 Repairing, jan 1,858 15 0 An Iron shed erected in the com- pound of the Society, sae (ee eOOe O48 ————_ 2,684 15 0 2,340 7 6 MIscELLANEOUS. Salary of the Mally,... a Sr 68-0 Advertising Charges, dag Gb. OF 0 Meeting Charges, ... Ne ik? eee a 3 Purchase of Receipt Stamps, ... 12) O Paid 25 per cent. increase of Salaries for 6 months, on 55 14 O Ditto W. H. Johnson, Esq., for a Tea pot Khokan, ... 8 0 0 Fee to the Bank of Bengal for Stamping cheques, axa SPO Petty Charges, ws bai 41 1 3 «32862 4 D265 12 SS Musrum TransFrerR ACCOUNT. Printing 25 Copies of Act of the British Parliament, eh 20 0 O noe 20 0. 0 58 O O ErHNoLoGY CoMMITTEE, Paid Banghy Expenses for send- ing a parcel of Official Papers, . 012 0 Copying Report forwarded by the Government of Bengal on vari- ous Human Races, cae 10 A Blank Book for Proceeding, ... 2 —— 13 4 0 Basu Poorno CHUNDER Bysgack. Paid advance on the Contingent Expenses for the Museum, .., 1,445 0 O — 1445 0 0 1,045 0 0 JAMES Brames, Hsq, Paid Postage Stamps for sending Library Books, ... . ¢ Co SS 0 ST 968% 0 SI 96FT SE 8 0 G6OLIL9 8 Z3800L SY D ars f= SS Saeeeeee, e eee 8 Uo -GLOPL = U0 Shei e oii "** Grsodoq 0 0. 00S" 30 0 One "= fOgeT Sraqutao 0: 0 OOP EO 0 00rT ‘(ssorg WOISSTAL 9819 -O([ OF OOUBMOTIY JUOMUIOAOY) - -deq) qnoqe sosivyQ ourjuig 6 CL eae © epssoR.: --- — ‘gorydtzosqng = 0 0 008 0.0 006 “** “qnoqe pozozdutos yod you pue seg wolpuy wBooYJOIgIG S aso 205 SP eee COROT 050 o0¢ 'S "0 '0-- 0093)" ‘SOLJLINOGY PUOULUIOAOS) S 0. 0=-09 0 0 0G © ‘QQ8T ‘equtooeg If sosieyD Ca 8 8 YOY 6 ig * on ‘puvy Ur Ysey) RB qWosuIyuoY pue yuommysiiquisy | 9 8 619 OL PF TLL Su ‘Testog jo yuVg oy} Ul "€98t “998T. ‘SHLLTTIAVIT ‘G98L i, ee L “‘SLASSV Se ———————— ‘9981 fO 280]9 2Y)2 7D pung wornougng pojUeuwg oy fo saynpquey pun sjossy oy, buraayy a 2 ‘Fy ON ‘INAWALVILS ae ane 5 — unas ie mT a Pts sea Seren s ay ei ae = SreTIeiLE Sak ey .7 eo yanig a: 1 2 nha ae ae Ph” TL al aendop sees | : - | sit ad ot fT oa ares ae arth git ors cin ax , ey an “sithe cages | i ae = . niet PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, For January, 1867. > 8 @ on The Annual General meeting of the Asiatic Society of Bengal was held on Wednesday the 16th January, 1867. | H.C. Bayley, Esq., President, in the chair. The Secretary read the Council’s Report. ANNUAL REPORT. In accordance with the custom of this Society the Council submit their annual report on the present condition of the Society and-on the progress of its labours during the past year. With the single exception of Finance, which, owing to temporary causes presently to be explain- ed, is in a less favourable condition than it has been for some years past, the Council believe that in every respect the state of the Society is most satisfactory. The Member-roll, which shewed a slight diminu- tion last year, now re-exhibits a marked increase, the loss of ordinary members by resignation and death being 24 only, while 39 new members have joined the Society. It now counts 391 members against 376 at the close of the last year, and has received therefore a net increase of 15 members. The comparative lists of paying and absent members, shew a still more marked improvement. Last year, there was a decrease of the former by not less than 21, but in the year just concluded, this deficiency has been more than made up, and 38 paying members have been added to the roll. The total number is now 305, of whom 146 are residents. The following table shews the number of members for each of the past ten years. 2 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan. Paying Absent Total NOB IAs: pcccasen sense ener 109 38 147 ESD scion Dusen eee ae See Bee 193 40 233 1859) code eee een 135 45 180 TROO | eee Bee hres ashe ewan 195 AT 242 ESGE cee eee ee 225 5D 281 EROZS coos taesaustawae. tebeee 229 82 311 ESOS ule gt ede gaa: oe: CB kee 276 79 350 LSG4 oie 26I eu tee aot ee ee 288 92 380 EGG 252 2 ccckan eens eS he Rn: 109 376 POGOe ie peer eas ea ec 305 86 391 The losses by death (5 in all) include an unusual number of members whose labours have rendered them well known to the world at large er in the body of our Society. Foremost among them, we have to deplore the sudden and untimely death of the late Bishop of Calcutta, a man whose pre-eminent worth and rare liberality of spirit have made his decease felt as a public loss, not alone by the clergy whom he ruled and by the members of the church he so nobly represented, but by those of every creed, whose object, like his, is the common welfare of men. Dr. Roer was connected with the Society for very many years, as an associate from 1839 to 1852, and as an ordinary member from 1853 to the time of his decease. In 1841 he was placed in charge of the Society’s Library, and in 1847 was appointed Editor of the Bibliotheca Indica and Secretary to the Philological Committee. In these different capacities, he took an active part in the affairs of the Society and rendered it most valuable service. In him the Society has to deplore the loss of an oriental scholar of high attainments, and a frequent contributor to its Journal and the Bibliotheca Indica. Mr. Joseph G. Medlicott is another member, whose loss is deeply regretted by very many of our body. In his public capacity, he was well known as one of the earliest and most energetic members of the Geological Survey of India, on the staff of which he worked for upwards of ten years, and contributed in no small degree to the development of that orderly knowledge of Indian geology which we now possess, and which we owe almost entirely to the steady labours of the officers of the Survey. Arriving in India in 1851, already an 1867. | Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 3 experienced geologist, he was engaged, during the ten years of his connection with the survey, in the Khasia hills, in the Rajmahal hills, and other parts of Bengal and Central India; but his chief and best known publication is that on the geology of the Pachmari hills and the upper vallies of the Soane and Nurbudda, much of which country he surveyed under the peculiar difficulty of having to form his own topographical map pari passu with the survey of the geological details. In 1861, when, owing to the outbreak of the civil war in America, the cotton production of India suddenly became an object of the highest importance tothe manufacturers of Europe, Mr. Medlicott was commissioned by Government to draw up a hand- book on the cotton production of Bengal, a work whick gained for him a high reputation among those best able. to appreciate its value. In 1862 he joined the Educational Department of Bengal, and up to the time of his decease in May of the past year, he con- tinued to discharge the responsible duties of his post, earning by the liberality and catholicity of his views, not less than by the geniality of his spirit, the respect and confidence of all with whom he had to deal. His minor writings were numerous; chiefly contri- butions to the Calcutta Review and other periodicals. One of these, his review of Mr. Darwin’s well known work on the origin of species, may be mentioned as having been noticed by the eminent author of the original work, as the most appreciative of all the numerous reviews that that remarkable book had drawn forth. Mr. Obbard was for some years a member of the Society’s Council, and especially took an active part in the meteorological discussion of two or three years since. His devotion to this science ceased only with his death, which occurred shortly after his arrival in England, whither he had proceeded in March last. Two corresponding members have been elected during the past year, viz., Professor Emil von Schlagintweit, well known by his valuable _ work on Thibetan Buddhism, and the Rev. M. A. Sherring, to whom, in connection with Mr. Horne, the Society is indebted for several valuable contributions to the Journal on the subject of the Buddhist antiquities of Benares, 4 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Jan. MoseEvm. In May last, the long contemplated transfer of the Society’s collections to Government concluded the negotiations which have been pending since 1857, and the progressive steps of which have been from time to time reported to the Society. Before making the transfer, the Society had incurred a very large expenditure upon the Museum, in order that it might pass from their hands in a condition worthy of the many eminent men by whose exertions it had been formed, To Dr. J. Anderson, as a member of their own body, the Society are indebted for superintending the restoration and re-arrangement which the long absence of any qualified curator had rendered necessary, and they believe that all qualified to judge will pronounce the Museum in its present condition to be one of which the Society may be proud. The collections will remain in the Society’s house until the completion of the new Museum Building. This, it is expected, will be ready to receive them within about three years from the present time. The Museum is now in charge of the thirteen trustees appointed under the Act (XVI. of 1866,) four of whom, viz. Dr. Partridge, Dr. Fayrer, Mr. Atkinson, and Mr, H. F. Blanford, are nominated by the Council of the Society. FINANCE. The heavy outlay on the Museum during the past year, following closely upon that incurred for the restoration of the building, and accompanied by a large increase in the publications of the Society, has temporarily reduced the finances of the Society to an unusually low ebb. On the other hand, unrealized assets, consisting of sums due by members and subscribers to the Journal have increased greatly. Indeed the Council cannot but think that these arrears would have been very much greater than they are, had it not been for the active exertions of the Honorary Treasurer of the Society, who has succeeded by dint of untiring exertions in realizing a con- siderable portion of the debts outstanding at the end of the last year, Owing to these causes, the Council have had to dispose of not less than 3000 Rs. worth of Government Securities in excess of the sale provided for in the Budget of the last year ; as is shewn in the follow- ing table of the income and expenditure, as estimated at the beginning of the last year, and as actually received or expended. 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 5 INcomE. Estimate. Actual. Deficit. | Excess. Admission fees,... 1,000 0 0 1,280 0 0 ee 280 0 0 Subscriptions, ... 8,500 00 8,676 0 0 — 176 0 0 OUrmal, }...,....... 600 00 1,827 00 bp Far 00 POeWeEY, ........:..- 200 0 0 620 0 0 ro 420 0 0 Museum, ......... 6,000 00 2,589 0 0 3,411. Secretary’s Office, 20 0 0 22 0 0 Ee 200 Coin Fund, ...... 100 0 0 5 0 0 95. : 25,420 00 14,919 0 0 3,506. 1,605 0 0 Sale of Govt. Sects. 1,500 0 0 4,500 0 0 Be 3,000 0 0 3,506. 4,605 0 0 Excess,... Rs. 1,099 0 0 EXPENDITURE. Estimate. Actual. Saving. Excess. owral,....,....... 4400 00 2,79900 RBs. 1,601. Library, ............ 2,000 00 5,258 0 0 ae 3,258 0 0 Museum,.........--. 6,000 00 6,272 0 0 ae 272 0 0 Secretary’s Office, 2,350 00 1,784 0 0 sae uns Building, ......... 2,500 00 2,634 0 0 ee 134 0 0 Pee FUNG... 320 0 0 503 0 0 ose 183 0 0 Miscellaneous, ... 350 0 0 362 0 0 i, 12.0.0 17,920 00 1961200 ,, 2,167. 3859 0 0 —-—,. Kixpenditure Excess,... Rs. 1,692 0 0 TNCOMe Cts ks. aca: dog OO ————— Difference. ,, — 5938 0 0 From this it will be seen that the sale of Rs. 3,000 of securities beyond what had been anticipated has been necessitated, chiefly by the heavy expenditure on the Museum within the first five months of the 6 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan. year, in which period it exceeded the sum estimated for the entire year, while the income, estimated for the entire year, was actually received for 5 months only. The expenditure on the Library has also been considerably in excess of the estimate. But omitting the single item of the museum, the income has also exceeded the estimate by 1,530. Were the museum expenditure in excess of the receipts for the same item omitted, the sale of the additional Rs. 3,000 of securities would not have been necessary, and there would have been a small surplus of Rs. 683. This account of the financial condition of the Society would, however, be very imperfect, were the liabilities not also taken into consideration. There are still very heavy (Rs. 7,500) but not greater than the Society can meet without difficulty, if they can succeed in realizing any considerable portion of the very large amount (Rs. 8,100) due by members and subscribers to the Society. The Treasurer has made repeated endeavours to obtain these arrears, and with partial success, but some of the heaviest defaulters have, the Council regret to say, shewn a lamentable disregard of the treasurer’s applica- tions, and the Council feel with regret that it may be necessary shortly to adopt very stringent measures towards some of the heaviest defaulters. The Council propose therefore to register the Society under the provisions of Act XXI. of 1860, which will enable them to sue those who are insensible to less coercive forms of application ; and at the same time to enforce Rule 11, which provides that the defaulter’s name be removed from the Society, and full publicity given to his removal. The Council have further taken steps to re-organize the financial system, to check expenditure to the utmost, and to place the entire control thereof under the Financial Committee, and they feel confident that, with economy and careful management, the Society’s Finances will be restored to their former prosperity long before the time when the removal of the Society to the New Museum Building will put the Society in possession of a largely increased income, by the leasing of its present premises. The following is the schedule of Income and Expenditure for the ensuing year. Hach item has been carefully considered by the Finan- cial Committee, and the amount of each item of Expenditure will not be exceeded in any case without a special reference to the Committee. 1867. | Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 7 Income. Admission fees, ae ae oe seat #000 Subscriptions, ... sis oe oh ote ee B00 Journal, ... Sia ee ats cove G Library, a ae ia ws aiivg ntriats 200 Secretary’s Office, ... oi ie Boe 20 Coin Fund, _... ee fee Rp eh 80 Rs.... 10,800 EXPENDITURE. wourmnal, ... Hie one oes we V0, 006 Library, tes eer ie i) eee beet OU Secretary’s Office, ... ine mois -.. 2,000 Building, Of aes vat Rereiecs'- OU Coin Fund, oe ae ae ve UU Miscellaneous, ... bee iss AN EA ls Rs.... 10,800 OFFICERS. The division of the executive work of the Society among four honorary officers has been found to work admirably, and has rendered it possible to carry out many improvements which would have been im- practicable under the old system of entrusting the entire work to one or at the utmost two Secretaries. Two new Committees have been formed during the past year, the Secretaryships of which have been undertaken by Mr. Beverley and Dr. J. Anderson. The former gentleman has not hitherto been a member of their body, and the Council have to return their cordial thanks for the valuable assistance he has rendered in conducting the business of the Linguistic Committee. Babu Protap Chunder Ghoshe has been active and assiduous as -Assistant Secretary and Librarian, and the Council have great pleasure in recording their satisfaction with his services. | JOURNAL. The entire Volume for the past year is larger and more profusely illustrated than any issued for previous years, while it has been fully equal in the value of the matter to that of any previous year. Three numbers of Part I. and two of Part II. have already been issued, and 8 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan. two more Nos. (one of each Part) are nearly ready for publication. A Special Ethnological number, containing a treatise on the Ethnology of India by the Hon’ble G. Campbell, with some important vocabu- laries, has also been issued, the price of which to subscribers it has been found necessary to fix at a higher rate than that of the ordinary series. Ten numbers of the Proceedings have also been published, in addition to a number containing the Index and tables for the Volume of 1865, and a double number, completing the Volume for the past year, will be issued in a few days. All arrears of papers have now been cleared off, and it is believed that in the ensuing year the cost of the publications will be somewhat less therefore than during the past two years. But while the Council fully recognise the necessity for economy, they cannot recommend any curtailment of the publications, so long as reductions can be effected in other departments of the Society’s expenditure. LipraRy. Four hundred and sixty-nine volumes, periodicals and pamphlets have been added to the library during the past year and the litera- ture of certain departments of Natural History in which the library was previously very deficient, has been largely added to. During the ensuing year, the finances will unfortunately allow but a comparatively small expenditure on new works, but a book for re- cording the names of works which it is desirable to add to the library is kept open for the suggestions of members, and these will be consi- dered, and such as are approved of, added to the library in the order of their importance, as the means of the Society may admit of. BrsuiotHeca Inpica. The editors of the Burbliotheca Indica continue to carry on that serial with unabated zeal. They have brought out 24 numbers, including portions of 10 different works, within the year under report. Twelve of these are in Persian, one in Arabic, ten in Sanskrit, and one trans- lation into English from the Sanskrit. In the new series Mauluvis Kabir ul Din Ahmad and Abdul Rahman have published the first three fasciculi of the Pddshdhnameh of Abdul Hamid Lahuri, a history of Shah Jehan which will be wel- come to oriental scholars as a contemporary and authentic chronicle of the reign of that emperor. The work is being printed from a MS. 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society, 9 belonging to the Society which bears an autograph of Shah Jehan and there are several codices available for collation. Asacontinuation 40 it, Mauluvis Khadam Hosaim and Abdul Hai have undertaken an edition of the history of Alamgir (Alamgirnameh) by Mohammed Kazim, of which nine fasciculi have already been issued. Both the works are being printed under the able superintendence of Major Lees. The Philological Committee have collected ample materials, and have made arrangements for the publication of a new and revised edition of the Ayin Akbary. Mr. Blochmann, who has undertaken to edit the work, has already made considerable progress in the task of collation, and the work will be sent to press immediately. The Government of India has been pleased to sanction a special grant of Rs. 5,000 for the publication of this work. Pandit Ramnérayana Vidyaratna has completed his edition of the Srauta Sitra of Aswalayana with a commentary, and is now engaged in an edition: of the Grihya Sutras of the same author. The work contains rules for the performance of domestic ceremonies according to the ritual of the White Yajur Veda. : Of the aphorisms of the Mimansa, Pandit Maheschandra Nydya- ratna has published two fasciculi; and of the Tacttiriya Aranyaka of the Black Yajur Veda, Babu Rajendralala Mitra has brought out two numbers.. The last named gentleman was for some time engaged in collecting materials for an edition of the Yoga aphorisms of Patanjali, and has lately been able to send the work to press. It was originally intended that it should include the commentary of Vydsa, but that work having been already taken up by Mr. Cowell, for the Sanskrit Text Society of London, the Babu has limited his plan to the text of Patanjali with the gloss of Bhoja Deva and an English translation. This work will complete the Society’s edition of the six Darsanas or text books of the leading philosophical schools of India. In the Old Series, Mr. Cowell has completed the second volume of the Black Yajur Sanhita, and a fasciculus of the third volume has been brought out by Pandita Ramnarayana Vidyaratna, to whom the work has now been made oyer, Of the Brahmuna of that Veda, Babu Rajendraléla Mitra has brought out two fasciculi, It is expected that he will be able to complete the work in the course of the current year. Babu Pramadadasa Mitra has issued one fasciculus of his transla- 10 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan. tion of the Sahitya Darpana, and Major Lees one of the Biographical Dictionary of persons who knew Mohamed. Both these works are now in a forward state for completion. The following are lists of the different works published, or in course of publication, in the old and the new series, Or tHe New Szrizs. 1. The Taittiriya Aranyaka of the Black Yajur Veda with the commentary of Sayandchaéryd, edited by Babu Rajendraléla Mitra, Nos. 88, 97, Fasc. III, IV. 2. The Srauta Sutra of Aswalayana with the commentary of Gargya Narayana, edited by Rémanéraéydna Vidyaratna, Nos. 90, 93, Fasc. IX, X. 3. The Mimansa Darsina with the commentary of Savara Swamin, edited by Pandita Mahesdchandra Nydyaratna, Nos. 95, 101, Fasc. III, IV. 4, The Grihya Sttra of Aswalayana with the commentary of Gargya Narayana, edited by Ramandrayana Vidyaratna, No. 102, Fasc. I. 5. The Alamgir Nameh by Muhammad Kazim ibn-i-Mohammad Amin Munshi, edited by Mawlawis Khadim Husain, and Abdul Hai, Nos. 87, 89, 91, 92, 94, 98, 99, 103, 104, Fasc. I to IX. 6. The Bédshahnamah by Abdul Hamid Liahawri, edited by Mawlawis Kabir Al Din Ahmad and Abdul Rahim, Nos. 96, 100, 105 Fase. I, I, IIL. Or tHE Oxp Serius. 1. The Taittiviya Brahmana of the Black Yajur Veda with the commentary of Saydénacharya, edited by Babu MRéajendralala Mitra, No. 216, Fasc. X XI. 2. The Saéhitya-Darpana or Mirror of Composition, a treatise on literary criticis by Viswanatha Kaviraja, translated into English by Babu Pramadadasa Mitra, and the late James R. Ballantyne, LL. D. No. 217, PaseriV: 3. The Sanhita of the Black Yajur Veda with the commentary of Madhava Acharya, edited by Ramandarayéna Vidydratna, Nos. 218, 219, Fase. XX, XXT. 4. A Biographical Dictionary of persons who knew Mohammad ; by Ibn Hajar, edited in Arabic by Mawlawis Abdul Haqq and Gholam Qadir, and Captain W, N. Lees, No, 215, Fasc. 111. | ———— ee eee 1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. ll : Corn CaBINeET. The coin cabinet has received accessions of several new coins, in- cluding a collection of thirteen gold Indo-Scythians, several Greek, Bactrian, and Parthian silver pieces, and some gems. Measures are being taken for the arrangement and cataloguing of the collection, and the Council expect, that in course of the current year much will be done to render it easily accessible for reference and comparison. The report having been read, it was moved by Mr. Beverley, and voted unanimously, that the report just read be approved. The meeting then neat to elect the Council and officers for the ensuing year. It was proposed by Mr. Blanford and agreed to, that the Hon’ble J. P. Norman and Mr. H. H. Locke be appointed Scrutineers of the ballot. The ballot having been taken, the President announced, on the report of the Scrutineers, that the following gentlemen had been elected to serve on the Council for the ensuing year. CounciL. Dr. J. Fayrer, President. Dr. 8. B. Partridge, The Hon’ble G, Campbell, Vice- Presidents, A. Grote, Esq. RK. C. Bayley, Esq. Dr, T. Anderson. Dr. J. Ewart. Dr. D. B. Smith. A. Mackenzie, Esq. H. Beverley, Esq. T. Oldham, Esq. H. F. Blanford, Esq. General Secretary. Babu Rajendralala Mitra, Philological Secretary. Dr. John Anderson, Natural History Secretary. Lieutenant-Colonel J. E. Gastrell, Treasurer. Mr. Mackenzie proposed and Dr. Fayrerseconded—that Dr. D. Waldie and Mr. Robinson be appointed auditors of accounts for the past year. The President then addressed the meeting previous to vacating the chair. 12 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan. He said that he congratulated the Society of Dr. Fayrer as their President. It was especially “opportune, as the arrangment for the experiment of an ethnological congress, which had been first suggested by Dr. Fayrer, would have to be matured by the Society during the ensuing year, and would now have the benefit of Dr. Fayrer’s personal supervision. As to the exact present position of that ex- periment, Dr. Fayrer would be better able to speak than himself, but he could at least say that the proposal had excited much attention and warm sympathy among scientific men and scientific bodies in Europe, and had already resulted in the collection of a large mass of information, both valuable and interesting, regarding the tribes of India and the countries on its borders. As regards the position of the Society too, the year which had just passed was an important one. Their museum which, valuable and extensive as it was, had outgrown the measure of the Society’s resources, had been handed over to the Trustees of the future Imperial Museum. The President could not but think that experience had already shown the wisdom of this step. The valuable services of Dr. Anderson, which the Society’s means could never have enabled it to secure, had already resulted in the addition of much that was required to the Collections, and had saved, improved and utilized much which they already possessed. The President was sure that all the members of the Society who visited the museum would at once recognise the value of Dr. Anderson’s labours. And he was convinced that the transfer of the Society’s collections to the museum would tend greatly to their improvement and better preservation, and to their better service to the cause of science. | To the members, these collections, with the collections of the new museum, would be still as freely and conveniently available as before, and he believed, in short, that the measure would only result in the greater usefulness, dignity and prosperity of the Asiatic Society. On one subject only, the reports of the past year which had just been read were unsatisfactory, and it was the point on which the reports always had been unsatisfactory, and this was the pecuniary condition. The labours of Dr. Anderson had shown the necessity for a large expenditure even betore the transfer; and this heavy outlay had told 1867.) Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 13 heavily on the Society’s means ; he hoped, however, that now, relieved from the maintenance of their collections, their finances would soon recover, but there was and always would be an ample field in India and its immediate neighbourhood, for the profitable expenditure of any amount which either the Society or the Government could afford to devote to the development of antiquities, history or natural science. | In conclusion, he could not but regret that his own enforced absence from Calcutta had prevented him from being as useful to the Society as he could have wished to be. The Society was aware, however, that the Vice-Presidents, and especially Mr. Grote, had fully and ably done the work which ought to have fallen to the President’s share ; for this he begged leave to tender them his individual thanks, and would now with great pleasure vacate the chair to make room for Dr. Fayrer. - The President elect, on taking the chair, addressed the meeting as follows. | | “‘ Gentlemen; I have to thank you for the great though unexpected honour you have conferred on me by electing me to be the President of your Society. I must, however, express my conviction that you have not made a happy selection; I say so, because I think that the President of a Society, such as this, should be a person with more leisure at his command than I have, and of scientific attainments such as I can have no pretension to. Indeed I am at a loss to understand how the choice can have fallen on one so unfitted, as I am, for such an office, and I confess that my misgivings as to the results, cause me apprehension. When I reflect on the distinguished men who have preceded me, and on all they have done for the Society, I feel how entirely I am at a disadvantage, and how imperfectly even I can ever hope to do justice to the chair, in which you have placed me. On learning at the last meeting of the Council that it was the intention of _ that body to nominate me as their President, I hastily determined to decline the honour, but on stating my intention to some of my friends, and hearing that to do so would be displeasing to many for whom I entertain the highest regard, I determined to accept the office if offered to me, and do my best, (7. e. whatever the turmoil and uncertain leisure of a professional life will permit,) to give you satisfaction, and, if I can, with your aid, to promote the interests of the Society. 14 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan. ‘¢ Tt is at an eventful period in the history of the Asiatic Society, that the office of President has been assigned to me. In parting with its noble collections, and thus associating itself with the inchoate Imperial Museum, it has given an impulse to the progress of science in this country, that can hardly be over-estimated. “‘ Long possessed of one of the richest known collections of natural history, and enjoying the services of a distinguished naturalist as curator, it had yet the mortification of seeing these collections gradually suffer from neglect and decay; the valuable services and contributions of its best supporters frustrated, if not altogether lost ; the progress of natural science languishing, and energy failing, because the necessary funds were not forthcoming to meet the demand; and notwithstanding the subsidy of a Government which has so often generously aided in the advance of knowledge, the Society was unable to keep pace with the requirements of the period, or to maintain, in its due freshness and integrity, the position to which it might have fairly been entitled in the scientific world. This happily is no longer to be the case. It is sufficiently apparent even to the most casual observer, among those who frequent the Society’s meetings, that a great change has already taken place; and I feel certain that what we now see is but an earnest of much more that is to come. “The Imperial Museum will hold our collections. The curator of that Institution will jealously preserve and guard whatever we entrust to his care. Scientific men and others in India will contribute to him what they would have sent to us; but our interest is still with our collections, and to us the world will look for further contributions and further elaboration and generalization of the mass of material already accumulated. With the impulse that science has received by the recent conjoined action of the Government and the Society, I would venture to hope that increased activity in furthering scientific enquiry will agitate its members generally ; and that a more vivid appreciation of scientific research, and the importance of a more zealous investigation into the large field of knowledge which still lies open in India, will characterize the efforts of every individual connected with the Society ; that these rooms will be the scene of many animated discussions of subjects connected with every department of science . and the object of the founder may be fulfilled,— That enquiry may be fully extend-. 1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 15 ed, within the geographical limits of Asia, to whatever is performed by man or produced by nature.” “The annual Report, to which you have just listened, has informed you of much of what has been done, and of the condition of the Society at the close of the past year. It betokens activity and onward movement; it indicates that large and important questions have been dealt with by the Society, not only in the Department of oriental languages, in which it has always held so high a place, under the direction of the eminent native and European philologists who have contributed so largely to the ‘ Bibliotheca Tndica,’ but also in zoology, archxology, meteorology and other departments of natural science, in which enquiry has been pushed, and progress made. “Questions of the day, most occupying men’s minds, —those connected with the origin of our species,—the history, affinities and relations of the infinite number of varieties of the human race, whether illustrated by physical conformation or linguistic peculiarities, have been pro- -minently brought before the Society, for investigation ; and are perhaps, at your hands, to receive the solution of some of the most interesting problems connected with the enquiry. “The Natural History of the Fauna and Flora of the country, its mineral and other telluric treasures, already much investigated by many able men, yet present ample field for research and discovery. “A noble Botanic Garden and herbarium, although unconnected with the Society, (which we may hope to see supplemented by a section of Hconomic Botany, in the Museum) already represent the treasures of this department of the organized kingdoms of nature. “Tn Geology and Paleontology, a museum and records worthy of the distinguished Geologists who are at the head of that Department of Science in India, are accessible to the scientific world, and are available to you either for study or comparison. “For those who are interested in numismatic and archeological re- lies, collections exist in the Society’s Museum, of no mean repute ; and it is with pleasure that I note the commencement of a Department of Social Science under the auspices of a talented and energetic member of our Society, which is thus indirectly connected with the Asiatic Society. I have also the gratification of recording the initiation of a ‘movement among several members of the Society and others, for 16 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ JAN. establishing that most useful and instructive of all places of public recreation, a Zoological garden. ' This is a subject which I trust will receive public support and the countenance of the Society, and will soon be reckoned among the accomplished facts of Calcutta, “Tt is a subject of congratulation in the interests of natural science, that the Society has many energetic collectors, enquirers and contri- butors scattered over the length and breadth of the land; all working, and zealous for its well-doing. “The geological, topographical, geometrical and archxological surveys are steadily progressing, and accumulating funds of information of the most important nature, under the eminent men who direct their operations, and to whom we may naturally look for—and from whom indeed we have always received—the most valuable contributions to our present stock of knowledge. Withsuch means at our disposal,—with such great opportunities,—with a Government well disposed towards the pursuit of science, and some of whose members are on our roll,—with an able staff and select committees to work each department of scienti- fic enquiry,—surely we ought not to fail in contributing that quota of knowledge to the great general stock, which is naturally looked for, and may be expected from us by kindred societies in Europe. “You will have observed that it has not been altogether progress during the past year. Financially the Society has been and is em- barassed, but we may reasonably hope that the increasing number of the members will obviate for the future this source of trouble, and that the many long outstanding arrears will be speedily liquidated. We have suffered too by the inscrutable hand of death. You have heard an obituary notice of several eminent and staunch supporters of the Society, among whom I regret to say that of Sir G. Everest ought to have appeared. They were good and true men, earnest enquirers into those questions which engage our Society and the scientific world generally ; and though it is perhaps neither the time nor place to allude further to what they have done, or to express our regret for their loss, yet I cannot refrain from adding one tribute of regret to that which has lately engaged the sympathies of men of every denomina- tion, for the untimely loss of a good man, cut off in his prime in the midst of a noble work, respected and beloved alike by learned and unlearned, by members of all sects, and every religious denomination and creed, 1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 17 “But there is business of importance still before the meeting, and LT ought not to detain you longer. I again thank you for the honour you have done me, and express a hope that the year to come may be even more prosperous than that just passed away.” The meeting then resolved itself into an ordinary monthly meeting. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and confirmed. The following presentations were announced— 1. From Baboo Bishwambhar Nath Mookerjee; a pair of san- dals made of patha leaves, a kind of plant abundant in Peshawar. 2. From C. J. Crawford, Hsq., through Mr. Grote; a steel print portrait of Dr. Latham. 3. From the Deputy Commissioner of the Upper Godavery district, two human skulls. 4. From the Rev. G. U. Pope, through the Rev. ©. H. A. Dall; five Tamil printed works, by the Rev. G. U. Pope. 5. From Dr. J. Fayrer; a spear of a Naga chief, and a bow and arrows from the Andaman Islands. The following letter from W. Masters, Esq., on the November fall of meteors, was read :— ““T respond to the spirit of your last letter by forwarding an account of meteors that fell on the 14th instant, for record in the Pro- ceedings of your Society. I have sent a popular account of them to the “‘ Englishman” for general information: to this I shall add a few particulars which I did not consider of sufficient interest to insert in the original. “My attention was first drawn to these visitors to our sphere, in 1833 (I believe), when, a little before sunrise, while seated in an upper verandah in Calcutta and looking south, I observed white, pearly, flakey, I might almost say, tiny spiritual things of the shape of Rupert drops falling, as I fancied, perpendicularly down, about a yard or two apart, and about 15 succeeding each other in two or three minutes within the range of direct vision. Day followed too quickly for this exhibition to last long. “ Since that time I had been watching their recurrence without suc- cess ; and was on the look out for them from the 9th to the 13th instant, when only a few stragglers presented themselves. Up to 11 18 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan. p. M. of the 13th, there was no sign of meteors; but at half-past 4 a.m. of the 14th instant, they were in great abundance over Kish- naghur. I cannot say at what hour they first began to fall, although I have made inquiries of watchmen and others. I looked out about half past four or a quarter to five, and observed them shooting along the sky divergingly and very rapidly, from some part of the head of Leo major; and by their manner of comporting themselves, was immediately convinced that we had come upon the great shoal of November. Iwas most interested in detecting, if possible, the precise point of divergence; and it soon became evident that, contrary to received opinion, y Leonis was not the starting point. After count- ing fifty in about five minutes, I woke up five others to witness the phenomenon and give aid in watching and counting. ‘“‘ We arranged ourselves looking in different directions, and as each saw a meteor, there was a distinct call of the next number 51, 52, 53 &c.; the stars shooting out sometimes faster than they could be counted: some were lost on this account ; some, owing to the excite- ment of my young coadjutors; and many, while I was waking up aid. Yet, in less than half an hour, we counted four hundred and twenty ; had we been all together during the half hour, we should certainly have counted more than five hundred. ‘‘ The velocity of these meteors was exceedingly great; there was no lagging or hesitation in their course, as is frequently the case with ordinary meteors: but they darted like rockets from an unseen centre, sometimes three or four in one direction nearly, slightly diverging, leaving long and short trains with much divergence horizonwards and narrow convergence upwards. I shall call these a for reference in the sequel. Others shot in different directions, east, west, north, and south, and intermediate points were filled up in rapid succession; not one appeared to fall perpendicularly to the earth; all described glow- ing arcs in the sky, varying from 20° to 60°; a few points of light excepted, which described scarcely 8° or 4°. ; “Their decided and long courses, all seeking the horizon directly, and their persistent trains of the light, which looked like meridians on a globe, strongly and unmistakably pointed to a spot in the head of Leo major, then some degrees eastward of the zenith, as their radiating point. 1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 19 “The meteors did not actually start into view at one point ; many commenced their courses about 30° or 40° from the supposed point of divergence, seeking the different points of the horizon, while the upper portions of their trains pointed to the same spot in the sky. These were generally large and bright, and illumined the trees and walls like a flash of lightning from a thunder cloud near the horizon ; others, comparatively small, darted or first shewed themselves only afew degrees from the radiating centre, sometimes three at once, leaving their trains for leisurely tracing backwards; those with long trains and long courses, generally burst or blazed out about 20° or 30° from the horizon ; some within 20° of it. No sound of any kind was heard: the light of these meteors, when they blazed out, was reddish: the trains leit behind were generally broad, spreading about half a degree, glowing at first like the fresh mark of phosphorus on a wall, then quickly becoming pale like the tail of a comet, or like the mingling of muriatic acid gas and ammonia, and lasting from half a minute to one minute and a half. ““ One took me quite by surprise; it blazed out like a star of the 2nd or 3rd magnitude between yp and e« of Leo major, as bright as ¢ but not of the some silveryness or intensity, and gradually faded away in the same spot, without any visible linear course whatever : it suggested the idea of a meteor coming straight to the eye. *‘T looked out again at 6 a.m. before the sun rose, and saw a streak of white light, like a Rupert’s drop with a long thread behind, shoot down from the direction of Leo major, to Capella Alajoth in the north west, the only star then visible. It appeared to be close at hand, and looked exactly like those of 1833, with the exception of the long thread. About three or four of the meteors enumerated above. did not shoot from the diverging point: if they belonged to the same set, they must have been drawn out of their course. “ After as careful a survey asthe circumstances would permit, I have no doubt that the centre of radiation was somewhere between the two -starsin the head of Leo major, viz. « andy; and probably at the precise spot where a meteor appeared and disappeared. I saw one meteor start a few degrees north of u, (scarcely 3°,) to a point between north and north-east, and its course, traced backwards, passed straight ‘over w and «; and the clear impression of the moment on my mind 20 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan. was, that a line darted from « across » and onward, the line becoming a meteor some distance farther on. Again, the set of three or four which I have called a above, shot south-eastward, leaving Regulus a little to the east: starting nearly on a parallel with Regulus, theit pale traces, left in the sky, converged unmistakeably up to ¢ and p, one trace proceeding a little more north than the other: and the meteor noticed above which blazed out between these two stars appears to reveal the true point of divergence : Some point near y Leonis was the diverging point in 1833; if other observers confirm my statement, some step, I imagine, will be gained towards the determination of the orbit of the November shoal. ‘‘On the supposition that the meteors are not self-luminous, but become visible after contact with our atmosphere, it would appear that the atmosphere was unpierced by any meteors, (two excepted,) to a distance of about 10° at most, all round e. ‘The apex of the Zodiacal light appeared to be some degrees south of both of « and y Leonis.” 21st November, 1866. ‘ As a sequel to my letter of the 21st ultimo regarding the Noveme ber meteors, I beg to forward the following particulars. The 27th to the 29th November, and 7th to 12th December, are dates of observation for meteors of a similar kind; but diverging meteors were not seen again or detected till 24 a. m. of the 12th December ; they might have come on at an earlier hour of that date, and they appear to have passed off by 3 a. M. “They shot divergingly and with great rapidity, not from a point near y or « Leonis, but some point to the westward of these, between ¢ in the muzzle of Leo Major and the small stars in the foot of the Lynx and the tip of its tail; some point about 29° or 30° of north Declination, and 136° of Right Ascension. They darted out at the rate of about three per minute; were small, described short and thin ares of light, and left no traces: hence it was difficult to fix with any degree of precision upon the exact point of divergence. Some showed themselves only as moderate blazes or bursts of light about 40° or 50° from this point, without any visible arc of light or course. A bright meteor with a long train shot across the area of divergence from nearly due south to north, or from Alphard in Hydra to 6 in Ursa Major, 1867. | Proceedings of the Asiatic Society 21 “This display of meteors had nothing brilliant or exciting in it : but notwithstanding its tameness, I think it should be recorded.” A letter from Dr. Duka presenting a specimen of a meteorite was read. “‘ The piece of stone which I have the honor of presenting to the Society, is a fragment of a large meteorite that fell near Knyahinya in the neighbourhood of Nagy-Berezna in the county of Ungvér in the north-east of Hungary, near the border of Gallicia. “The phenomenon occurred on the 9th of June last, and according to the statement of Professor Hirsch, communicated by him to Dr. Haidinger of Vienna, the fragments were very numerous, as many as sixty pieces being in the possession of different parties. “It appears from all I could gather in the country, that on the after- noon of the above-mentioned day, between 4 and 5 o’clock, an enormous detonation took place, which could be compared to a simul- taneous discharge of one hundred pieces of artillery. High on the horizon a small cloud was visible, about ten times the size of the sun; otherwise the heaven was perfectly clear. Upon the detonation, the cloud dispersed in a radiating manner, and in the vacuity no flash was visible. Two or three seconds after the discharge a noise was heard, which seemed to be caused as if waters or rocks were dashing one against another, and this lasted for nearly fifteen seconds; and at last, with all traces of the cloud, entirely subsided. The labourers working in the fields near the spot, state that, for full half an hour afterwards, a smell of sulphur surrounded them. “ All the fragments were collected within the circumference of about 1,200 yards: they vary in weight from a few ounces to large masses, one of which weighs 27 pounds. A Jewish publican who was quite close, took up a fragment immediately on its falling down, and declares that it was cold like ice, but that his hands smelled of sulphur or garlic for two days subsequently. ‘The phenomenon was seen in all directions of the compass, but at a distance, it appeared, instead of a mere cloud, like a ball of fire ; and the furthest distance from which it was reported to have been noticed, is about 80 English miles. “ As this phenomenon occurred about the time when the late disas- rous Austrian campaign was about to commence, it excited more than 22 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan. ordinary interest throughout Austria, and I doubt not but that a full account of it will in due time be published by some of the Scientific Societies in the Empire. ‘My specimen is 1 tb 4 ozs. 72 grs. in weight and 8 to 94 inches in circumference : it is I believe of a structure and composition similar to the Aerolite which fell near Parnallee in February 1857.” Lieutenant W.J. Williamson, and G. A.D. Anley, Esq., duly proposed at the last meeting, were balloted for and elected as ordinary members. The following gentlemen were named for ballot as ordinary mem- bers at the February meeting. Colonel J. C. Brooke; proposed by Dr. J. Anderson, seconded by Dr. J. Ewart. . Lieutenant-Colonel Blair Reid, Governor-General’s Agent at Chumla; proposed by Dr. J. Anderson, seconded by Mr. Grote. EK. V. Westmacott, Esq., C. 8., B. A., Assistant Commissioner, Man- bhoom ; proposed by Dr. J. Anderson, seconded by Mr. H. F. Blanford. Alfred Woodley Croft, Esq., Professor, Presidency College ; proposed by J. B. Branson, Esq., seconded by Mr. H. F, Blanford. John Anderson Paul, Esq., Exchange Hall; proposed by J. H. Branson, Esq., seconded by Mr. H. F. Blanford. Letters from Dr. R. Bird and Lt. H. Trotter, intimating their desire to withdraw from the Society were recorded. An Ethnological Report of the Government of the Straits Settlement ‘was submitted. In connection with the proposed Ethnographic Congress, Dr. Cleg- horn exhibited five photographs by Messrs. Bourne and Shepherd, illustrating the aborigines of the Himalaya and adjacent countries, who occasionally find their way to Simla. The Kanaits of the Hill States and the Guddees of Kangra were represented in their proper costume. The most interesting group contained the figures of a Lama from Lhassa and a North Tibetan from Zauskar, rarely seen at that sanatorium. The receipt of the following communications was announced— 1. From Baboo Gopee Nath Sen, Abstract of Hourly Meteorolo- gical Observations made at the Surveyor General’s Office in Septem- er last. 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. — 23 2. From H. Blochmann, Hsq., M. A. “ Notes on Sherajuddaulah and the town of Moorshedabad, taken from a Persian manuscript of the Tarikhi-i-Mansuri.” 3. From F.8. Growse, Esq., M. A. Oxon B. C. S. “ Philological Notes.”’ 4. From Professor EK. Von Schlagintweit. “‘ Notes in reference to the question of the origin of the aboriginal tribes of India.” 5. From J. Beames, Esq., C. 8. “ Further Notes on the derivation of ‘Om and Amen.’ Lrprary. The following are the additions made to the Library since the meeting held in September last. Presentations. — **® The names of Donors in Capitals. Die Fossilen Mollusken des Tertiir-Beckens von Wien, by Dr. M. Bornes (Band. IT. Nos. 5 and 6. Bivalve).—Tue Avruor. Proceedings of the Delhi Society (in Persian).—Tue Socrery. A Treatise on Cultivation (in Persian) —Tue Denn Screntiric Society. | Catalogue of the American Philosophical Society’s Library, Part 2.— Tue Society. Reise der Oesterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren, 1857-58-59, unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. Von Wiil- lerstorf-Urbair. N autisch-Physicalischer Theil.— Tur Auruor. An Index to Aitchison’s Treatises, Hngagements and Sunnuds.— THe GovERNMENT oF Bena@at. Ditto ditto— Tue Fortean Orrice. A Manual of Mahomedan Civil Law in Canarese by Lieut. R. A Cole. —Tur AUTHOR. Hindu Social Laws and habits viewed in relation to health, by Baboo Kony Lall Dey.—Tue AvTuor. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, No. 1: Ophiuride and Astrophytide, by Professor T. Lyman.—Tue Museum. Ditto ditto No, 2; N. American Acalephe by Professor A. Agassiz.— Ton Avtuor. 24 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.—PRrorEssor AGAssIz, Report on the Calcutta Cyclone; by Lieut.-Col. J. E. Gastrell and H. F. Blanford, Esq.—Tur Government or Bruneau. Extracts from Harrington’s Analysis of Bengal Regulations.—Tuer Forrten Orrice. Abhandlungen der Koéniglichen Academie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1864.—Tue Acapemy or Science or Burin. Observations on the functions of the liver by Dr. R. M’Donnell.— THe AvurHor. Catalogus Codicum Orientalium Bibliothecee Academize Lugduno- Batave by P. Jong and M. J. de Goeje-—Tue Avruors. Ichthyologischer Bericht tiber eine nach Spanien und Portugal un- ternommene Reise by Dr. F. Steindachner.—Tue Avrnor. - The Progress of England; a poem; to which are added Notes on the organization of the British Empire—Tue Enrror. Annals of Indian Administration, Vol. IX, Parts 8 and 4, Vol. X, Parts 1 to 8—Tue Buneat GoveRNMENT. Journal of the Chemical Society, Vol. IV; July, August and Sep- tember, 1866 :—Tue Socrery. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, Vol. XXII, Nos. 87, 88.—Tue Soctrery. Journal of the Royal Geological Society of Ireland, Vol. I, Part 2 :— Tue Society. Journal Asiatique, Vol. IV, No. 15, Vol. VII, Nos. 24, 27, Vol. VIII, No. 28, sixth series :—Tur Astatic Society or Parts. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. XV, Nos. 88, 86.—TuzE Roya Socrety cr Lonpon. Journal of the Statistical Society of London, Vol. XXIX, Part 3 :— THE Socrery. Bijdragen Taal-land-en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch Indié, Vol. I, Parts 1 and 2, 3rd series—Tux Soctery. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Vol. XXV, Part 2.—Tue Socrery. Journal of Sacred Literature, Vol. X, No. 19—Txx Eprrors. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Zoology, Vol. VIII. Nos. 31, 32, 33.—Tue Sootery. Ditto ditto, Botany, Vol. IX, Nos. 36, 37, ditto ditto.—Tue Society. 1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 25 Sitzungsberichte der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Miin- ehen; Vol. I, Parts 1 to 4; Vol. II, Parts 1, 2 :—Tue Soormrty. The Calcutta Christian eihiashienk Nos. 318, 319, 322 and 323.—Tur Hiprror. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. CLIV, Part 3, Vol. CLV, Part 1.—Tur Soctery. Rahasya Sandarbha, Vol. Il, No. 34.—Tue Caucurra ScHoon Boox Soctzry. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, (Palzontologia Indica), Vol. IV, Part 1.—Tuz Government or Inpra. Ditto ditto, Vol. IV. Part I—Tue Government or Brneat. Ditto ditto, Vol. IV. Part I:—Tue Superintenpent oF THE GEOLO- @IcAL SURVEY. Report (Annual) on the Administration of the Province of Oudh for 1864-65.—Tur GoverNMENT oF BENGAL. Report on the Administration of the Madras Presidency, for 1864, 1865.—Tur Government or BENGAL. Selection from the Records of Bengal Government, No. 42.—Tuxz GoveRNMENT or BENGAL. Return shewing the operations of the Income Tax Act in the N. W. P. for 1864-65.— Tur Government or Benaat. Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, Vol. IV, Parts 5, 6.—Tue Royat Instrrvrion. Selection from the Records of the Bombay Government, No. 96.— Tus Government or Bomzay. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. II, Part I.— Tue Socrery. Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, Vol. VII, Nos. 3 to 6, Vol. VIII, Nos. 1 to 6, Vol. IX, Nos. 1 to 4.:— Tue ACADEMY. Memoires de 1’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg Vol. IX, Nos. 1 to 7, Vol. X, Nos. 1 to 2.—Tue Imprrrar metals Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. X, Nos. 4, 5.—Tue Royat Guograpurcan Socrery. Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society of London, Vol. XXXIV.—Tue Soctrery. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. IV, Pait 3, Vol. V, Parts 1, 2, 8— Tun Surerirenpent or tux GroLocrcan SuRvEY. 26 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ JAN. Catalogue of the Organic remains belonging to the Echinodermata in the Museum of the Geological Survey of India.—Tae Same. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlindischen Gesellschaft, Vol. XX, Part 2 :—Tue Eprtor. Annual Report, with Tabular Statements for the year 1865, on the condition and management of the Jails in the N. W. P.—Tue Govr. NooWek. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, Vol. XIII, Part 4; Vol. XIV, Part 1.—Tue Enprrors. Det Kongelige Norske TFrederiks Universitets Aarsberitning,; 1863.—Tue University or CuristTIANIA. ; - Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Vols. VII, VIII, and IX, Part 1.—Tue Acapemy. Transactions of the Royal, ditto ditto, Vol. XXIV, Antiquities, © Parts 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.—Ditto ditto. Ditto ditto ditto ditto, Science, Parts 4, 5, 6.—Ditto ditto. Ditto ditto ditto ditto, Polite Literature, Parts 2, 3.—Ditto ditto. Report on the Survey Operations of the Lower Provinces of Bengal, Ist October, 1864 to 30th September, 1865.—Tuz GovERNMENT oF Brn@at. Report (General) on the Revenue Survey Operations of the Bengal Presidency for 1864-65.—Forzten Department, Selection from the Records of Government N. W. P. Part XLIV.— Tur GovERNMENT OF BENGAL. Selections from the Revenue Records for 1818-20.—Tue Same. Monatsberichte der Kéniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissen- schaften zu Berlin, for 1865.—Tue AcapEmy or Scrence, Barun. Compilation from Rollins’ Ancient History, with additions; trans_ — lated into Urdu No. 9.—Tue Sorentiric Socizry or ALIGuUR. Selection from the Records of the Government of India, (Foreign Department) No. 5.—Tur Government oF Inpt1a. Auctores Sanscrita, Vol. I, Parts 1, 2— Tae Sanscrrr Text Society. Recueil de Voyages et de Memoires, publié par la Société de Géo- eraphie, Vol. VII.—Tusx Socrery. Fyzabad Settlement Report, Nos. 1 to 3.—By P. Carnuay, Exe.— Tue AUTHOR. 1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 27 Report (Annual) of the Dispensaries of N. W. P. for 1865.—Tuz GovERNMENT or THE N, W. P. Exchanges. The Atheneum for July, August, September and October, 1866, The Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Sciences, Vol. XXXI, Nos, 214, 215, Vol. XXXII, No. 216. © Purchases, Cowasjee Pattell’s Chronology. Les Religions et les Philosophies dans l’Asie Centrale by M.1' E. Gobineau. | The Ferns of British India, Part 14, by Capt. R. H. Beddome. Sanscrit Wérterbuch, Part 31. Sketches in India; by Capt. A. N. Scott. La Maha Bharuta, by H. Fauche, Vols. IV. and V. The Kamil of El Mubarrad, Part 2, by W. Wright, Esq. Hewitson’s Exotic Butterflies, Part 60. Hssay on the Sacred language, writing and religion of the Parsees ; by Dr. M. Haug. Gimnther’s Zoological Records, Vol. II. Dictionary of British Indian Dates. Idylls from the Sanscrit ; by R. T. H. Griffith. Reeve’s Conchologia Iconica, Parts 258 and 259. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Vol. XVII, Nos. 104, 105, 106, 107. : Comptes Rendus de lAcadémie des Sciences, Tom. LXIII. Nos. 2 to 19. Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Numismatic Society. New Series, Vol. VI, Parts 1, 2, 3. Journal des Savants, July, August, September and October, 1866. The Quarterly Review, Vol. CXIX, Nos. 239, 240. Revue des Deux Mondes, from 15th July to Ist November, 1866. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, Vol. XVIII, Nos. 7, 8, 9. Journal of the American Society of Sciences and Arts, Vol. XVII, Nos. 124, 125. Abhandlungen fiir die Kunde des Morgenlandes, Vol. IV, No. 4. The Ibis; A Magazine of General Ornithology, Vol. II, Nos. 7, 8. 28 Proceedings of the Asvatic Society. Annuaire des deux Mondes; Histoire Générale des divers Etats, Vol. XII, for 1864-65. Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Band CXXV, Stiick 12. The Indian Medical Gazette, Nos. 10 and 11. The American Journal of Science and Arts, No. Te for Septem- ber, 1866. The Edinburgh Review, Vol. CXXIV, No. 254. The Annals of Indian Medical Science, Nos. 19, 20 and 21. The London and Edinburgh Philosophical 1] iia and Journal of Science, Vol. XXXII, No. 217. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, For Fresruary, 1867. > @@@u-- The monthly meeting was held on Wednesday the 6th February, 1867, at 9 P. M. Dr. J. Fayrer, President, in the chair. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. The following presentations were announced, From Lieutenant-Colonel B. Ford, Superintendent, Port Blair; a box of mineral specimens. 2. From H. B. Webster, Esq., Officiating Collector, Bulandshuhar ; a copper plate inscription found in a ruined Gurbee situated in Mouzah Manpore, Pergunnah Agowtha. Mr. Blanford, on the part of the Rev. Mr. Henderson, exhibited a specimen of printing in a new kind of Arabic type, the invention of the Rev. M. Jules Ferette. With reference to the type, Mr Blochmann said ;— “The Arabic print, which Mr. Blanford has kindly exhibited, is very interesting, as it is a specimen of a simple but very elegant invention, To print Arabic texts with the vowel points is a matter of some difficulty, as the diacritical points are generally put up in separate rows above and below the text. Mr. Ferette of Damascus has suc- ceeded in printing Arabic texts with the vowel points an a single line, This he accomplishes— 1. By omitting unnecessary points, as the jazm and the wasl. _ 2. By putting between every two consonants a small joining stroke, . 30 Proceedings of the Asiatie Society. [Fes 8. By removing the vowel points a little to the left from their positions above or below the consonants, so as to come above or below the joining strokes. ““M. Ferette has now cast types containing both the joining strokes and the vowel points. The joining strokes are of course small, but would not look bad even if they were a little larger, and the removal of the points to the left is rather pleasing, as the con- sonants also incline to the left, in accordance with the rules of Arabic calligraphy, ‘There is only one defect, which, I dare say, could be remedied ; viz. in the connected form of the letters jim, he and khe, which in M. Ferette’s specimen consist each of 4 strokes instead of 3. “With this exception, the general appearance of the types in question is very pleasing, whilst the decrease of the cost and the saving of labour appear to be so considerable, as to justify the belief that M. Ferette’s invention will soon be generally adopted.” 7 The Council reported that they have nominated the following gentle- men to serve in the several Committees in the ensuing year. FINANCE. Colonel J. E. Gastrell. A. Mackenzie, Hsq. Dr. T. Oldham. | PHILOLOGY. Major W. N. Lees. A. Grote, Esq. H. Blochmann, Ksq. E. C. Bayley, Esq. The Rev. J. Long. C. H. Tawney, Esq. Baboo Jadava Krishna Sing. Maulavi Abdul Latif Khan Bahadur, LIBRARY. A. Grote, Esq. Major W. N. Lees. Dr. T. Anderson. Dr. T. Oldham. 1867.] ° Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. Dr. D. B. Smith. W.S. Atkinson, Esq. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Natura. History. Dr. T. Anderson. Dr. S. B. Partridge. Dr. D. B. Smith. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Dr. T. Oldham. W. 8S. Atkinson, Esq. W. Theobald Esq., Junior. A. Grote, Esq. Baboo Debendra Mullick. METEOROLOGICAL AND PuysicaL Screncn. Dr. T. Oldham. Colonel J. E. Gastrell. Captain J. P. Basevi. Dr. S. B. Partridge. Lieutenant-Colonel J. T. Walker. D. Waldie, Esq. Corn CoMMITTEER. Major W. N. Lees. A. Grote Esq. Captain F. W. Stubbs. K. C. Bayley, Esq. CoMMITTEE oF Papers. All the members of the Council. SravTisticaAL CoMMITTEE. Dr. J. Ewart. C. B, Garrett, Esq. Lieutenant-Colonel J. T. Walker. The Hon’ble G. Campbell. ErHnoLogicaL CoMMITTEE, Lingwistic Section. Babu Rajendralala Mitra. The Hon’ble G. Campbell, ~H, Blochmann, Esq. 31 32 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Fee Major W. N. Lees. J. Beames, Esq. Dr. J. Anderson. H. Beverley, Esq., Secretary. Physical Section. A. Grote, Esq. Dr. S. B. Partridge. Dr. T. Oldham. Dr. J. Ewart. Dr. J. Fayrer. H. F. Blanford, Esq. Dr. John Anderson, Secretary. Letters from the Hon’ble G. Loch and C. W. Hatten, Esq., intimat- ing their desire to withdraw from the Society, were recorded. The following gentlemen proposed at the last meeting were balloted for and elected as ordinary members. Colonel J. C. Brooke. | K. V. Westmacott, Esq., Lieutenant-Colonel B. Reid. A. W. Croft, Esq. J. A. Paul, Esq. The following gentlemen were named for ballot as ordinary members at the next meeting. W. G. Willson, Esq., B. A., Cathedral Mission College; pro- posed by Mr. H. F. Blanford, seconded by the Rev. J. Barton. G. E. Knox, Esq., B. ©. 8 7 proposed by Mr. H. F. Blanford, se- conded by the Rev. J. Barton. The Hon’ble W. Markby; proposed by Mr. Grote, seconded by Mr. Blanford. _ Babu Peary Mohun Mookerjee, M. A; proposed by Mr. Grote, seconded by Mr. Blanford. Captain H. W. King, Commander P. and Q. Service; proposed by Dr. J. Fayrer, seconded by Mr. Blanford. F. Hill, Esq., Professor of Civil Engineering, Presidency College ; proposed by Dr. Fayrer, seconded by Mr. Blanford. Baboo Jogindro Mullick, Zemindar of Andul; proposed by Baboo Jadava Krishna Sing, seconded by Babu Rajendralala Mitra. 1867. ] . Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 33 The following letter from Mr. Thomas on the derivation of Arian Alphabets was read— - “T am glad to find that my notice of the derivation of Arian Alpha- bets attracted attention, and I am most curious to learn the course the discussion took at the meeting of the Asiatic Society of Bengal ; more especially as I am now following out the Indian section of’ the en- quiry, and have arrived, already, at some unexpected results, tending to confirm the original Dravidian derivation of the Sanskrit Alphabet. The readers of our Journal will not fail to call to mind that Prinsep, in his early comments upon the Lat alphabet, pointed out that, in many instances, the aspirate letters were formed by a duplication of the lines of their corresponding sample letters. The question was not raised as to when these aspirates had been designed, but the inference was, that they had been formed simultaneously with the simple letters, and out of the same elements. I have a different theory to propose, which I submit for the examination and comments of your members ; it is to assume that all the simple letters were Dravidian, and consti- tuted a complete and sufficient alphabet for that class of languages, while the aspirates were later additions required for the due expression of Magadhi and other northern dialects, as the Sanskrit in after times added its own sibilants to the latter alphabet. A glance at the subjoined comparative alphabets will shew the 20 consonants (out of the full 21) of the Dravidian system, as opposed to the 31 consonants of the Prakrit of Asoka’s edicts, Of the additional aspirates of the latter scheme, two only can in any way claim to be ordinary duplications ; the chh, and th; while a more simple origin might be sought for the latter in a common circle: dh, dh and ph may fairly be taken as intentional modifications of their corresponding normal letters, but kh, and gh, like th, and th have more in common as fellow aspirates than association with their own leading consonants ; and finally jh and _bh seem to have been unfettered adaptations. The s (¢)) again differs from the y (|) only in the reversal of the leading lower limb. As the alphabetical data, upon which alone we have now to rely, are derived from inscriptions embodying a different language, and dating so late as B. C. 250, we can scarcely expect to recover the missing Dravidian / consonants, but one at least of the vowel tests is significant in the extreme. The Dravidian vowels, as contrasted with the Sanskrit series by Caldwell, arrange themselves as follows ; 34 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Frs. Sanskrit, a, 4, i, i, u, a, ri, ri, lri,p—, 6, ai,—, 6, ail, n, ah. Tamil, a, 4, i, i, u, a, -—, —, —, e, 6, ei, 0, 6, —, —, —. ‘¢ The value of the simple e, in the Lat character, admits of no doubt, the outline of the letter takes the form of [>, while the elongated vowel is constructed by a duplication of the sound, effected by the addition of a medial e, thus > = Le, apparently the original Dravidian 6, (or possibly ei,) but which, in Asoka’s inscriptions, is made to do duty for ai. In the more distinctly Sanskrit adaptations of the Devana- gari Bactrian alphabet, the initial A [9 ] formed the basis of all the © olher vowels, whose varying values were discriminated by their several vowel marks. , “ T am unwilling to enlarge upon an avowedly speculative suggestion, but I think few will fail to detect the contrast between the archaic crudeness of the simple letters and the more complicated and cursive forms of the aspirates in the Lat alphabet. Had the latter class of characters uniformly followed the typical design of their corresponding simple letters, there would have been more reason to have assumed a simultaneous and congruous initiation ; but the introduction of anoma- lous signs among the gutturals, the remarkable cursive development assigned to the aspirates, as opposed to the stiff outline of its simple prototype (an advance equal in degree, but less obviously marked in the dh, and dh,) and the inconsistent development of the 0A, upon the basis of the old d, all seem to indicate a later and independent elaboration of the aspirates. Prakrit. Dravidian. Conso- nants ‘5 » A »” A d 99 59 2 ee St = me Sean G9 Co ry ol -p —eo © O © .35 tT M™ oe & e¢ oe Hom € € r 7 ae b ibe ule: a] oC Se eam Vowels H :: L D se ki D J J Medials, ké +, ki +, ki +, ku + Ke. Sanskrit additions to the Lat alphabet. M = W, y= 4%.” 1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 35 Babu Rajendralala Mitra said that it was with great diffidence that he ventured to make a few remarks on the letter read to the meeting. The prominent position held by Mr. Thomas as an oriental scholar ; his thorough knowledge of the antiquities of this country, and the service he had already rendered to Indian history by his varied and learned researches, claimed for his opinions and theories the highest | consideration. His conversancy with Oriental paleography was unrivalled, and anything said by him in regard to it, was sure to command the respect of all. Then again the arguments on which his new theory of the Dravidian origin of Sanscrit writing was based, had not yet been all given out, and, in their absence, it was impossible to discuss the subject in all its bearings without risk of serious mis- | takes. The few words that he had then to say, were intended, } therefore, more to comply with Mr. Thomas’s wish to provoke discus- } sion, and to direct attention to such objections as suggest themselves | at first sight, in order that truth may be ultimately elicited, than to | rebut his theory. | The subject mooted by Mr. Thomas was of great importance, and | since his first letter about it was read to the Society in July last, it had engaged the attention of many persons who take an interest in Oriental antiquities. Since the receipt of Mr. Thomas’s last letter, he | had himself jotted down afew notes, the substance of which he wished | to bring to the notice of the meeting. These he would read as follow,— “The general position laid down by Mr. Thomas is that ‘the | Arians invented no alphabet of their own for their special form of | human speech, but were, in all their migrations, indebted to the | nationality amid which they settled for their instruction in the science | of writing.’ He then instances the Persian cuneiform, the Greek, the } Latin, the Zend, the Pehlavi and the Devandgari, as alphabets bor- |rowed by the Arians. It is to the last that I wish to confine my- Self for the present, as it is to that I have, in my humble way, directed | my study for some time. | “It has been said that if the Arians did not elsewhere originate an | alphabet, it is not likely that they should do so in India, and that if | they always borrowed elsewhere, it is to be presumed that they did | so also in this country. But such a line of argument is neither logical | nor fair, The Arian race migrated from their cradle at different 36 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Fes. times under very different circumstances, and it is not to be supposed that their intellectual condition should remain alike at all times and under all circumstances. As far as we know, the Hellenic and the Teutonic Arians left their common home at a very early period, and the Indians the latest. There would be nothing inconsistent or illogical, therefore, in the supposition that the later colonists went forth in a more advanced social condition than their predecessors, having originated a system of alphabetic writing. But supposing, and most probably such was the case, that they came to India before they had discovered the art of writing, there is nothing to prevent 7 a highly intellectual race from doing so in their adopted country. Indeed the stability of the major of Mr. Thomas is entirely dependent upon the issue of this minor; if it can be shewn that the Hindus did succeed in devising a system of alphabetic writing without borrow- ing from their neighbours, the general proposition must break down, and the enquiry therefore may, without fear of error, be confined to India. “Now, in India the Arians came in contact with the Dravidian aborigines, and Mr. Thomas therefore supposes that they must have got their alphabet from those aborigines. But there is not a shadow of historical evidence to shew that those aborigines had a written literature at the time when the Arians came to this country, or for some time after it. Nobody has yet discovered a Dravidian book or inscription sufficiently old to justify such a presumption, nor is there a single tradition extant of there ever having existed a Dravidian literary composition, either sacred or profane, of a pre-Vedic era. The ancient history of the Dravidians, apart from the Arians, is a blank. All that we know of them is from the writings of the Brahmans, and there we find them to have been the very reverse of a literary race. The races alluded to are the Coles, the Bheels and the Minahs of our day—the rude primitive people who inhabit our woods and wilds, and contend with the tiger of our jungles for a precarious existence. They might have been more civilized before : that some of them owned houses and fortified places, large herds, and stores of gold, is susceptible of proof: but the only source of information — accessible to us of these prehistoric times are the Vedas, the oldest Arian records extant, and they describe them to have been, in the days 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 37 of the Brahminic Rishis, barbarians of the lowest type, and our poets confounded them with monkeys and satyrs—or wild men of the woods — who were not to be included in the pale of humanity. Some of the epithets used in the Vedas to indicate the aborigines are remarkable. The Rig Veda describes them as Mridhravdch or ‘of imperfect speech.’ Elsewhere they are said to be Andsa or ‘ mouthiess” or ** speechless.’”’ Some Rishis condemned them as ‘‘ priestless and hymn- less, fit only to be slain.” In short, if any faith is to be put in the Vedic narratives regarding the social condition of the people of India in primitive times, we must accept the bulk of the aborigines to have been in a state of society in which leaves and bark supplied the place of clothing, the shade of trees served for boudoirs, and hollows and caverns occupied the place of bedrooms. And all this at a time when the Brahmins had lofty houses, fine clothing, gold ornaments, horses and cars, iron implements, divers arts, poets, astronomers and musi- | cians, in short, everything indicating a tolerably advanced state of civilization. Admitting that they had not come to the art of writing, was it likely that their naked neighbours should have come to it? If we trace the growth and history of the Arian colonization in India, we are led to the conclusion that the Arians continued steadily to advance, and the Dravidians to recede and decay. The Arians gradually became the masters of the finest provinces, and the Drayidians partly betook themselves to jungles and mountain fastnesses, partly got incorporated with the intrusive population, and partly submitted to them as bond slaves, living out of the bounds of their cities and owning no property, This degradation, physical and moral, was not a state of things which would help the Dravidians to take the start of the Arians, and devise the means of recording literary composition, which the latter should fail to achieve. It may be said that the Arians reviled the aborigines |) from a lofty sense of their own superiority, and called them aszknis | or “ blackies,” very much in the same spirit in which the roughs among their own conquerors call them ‘‘ niggers’ in the present day, and that they were not the repositories of everything that is vile, as they are described to have been. But it is the very gist of the present enquiry to ascertain the relation of the two races in the scale of civilization, and it would be begging the question to say that the Dravidians originated the art of writing, and the Arians borrowed 38 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Fes. it. It would be a mere statement without any reliable evidence to support it, no more than to support the theory that the Sanskrit grammar was elaborated at Taxila and not elsewhere in the Panjab, or even in Brahmavarta. “Mr. Thomas assumes that the Brahminic Arians first constructed an alphabet in the Arianian provinces out of an archaic type of Pheeni- cian, which they continued to use, until they discovered the superior fitness and capabilities of the local Pali. He states that he has been collecting proofs of this for some time past, and each fresh enquiry . . more and more confirms his early impression. It is a matter of regret that the published report of his lecture does not give any of his evidences, and I am at a loss, therefore, to know on what grounds he takes the Arian alphabet to have been elaborated in the Arianian provinces before the Brahmins came to India. That alphabet may be a Bactrian adaptation from the Pheenician, but the question is, when did the Brahmans first use it? The oldest Arian record is long subsequent to Buddhism ; none that I know of dates before the Pali edicts of As’oka; and there is nothing to bridge over the gap of at least some thirteen hundred years between that time and the period when the Brahmans dwelt in Bactria. ‘‘ Then as to the Pali, it is evident that it existed in the country long before the time of As’oka. The different shapes under which the same letters of the Pali alphabet appear at Junaghur and Dhauli are marked and peculiar, and they cannot be accounted for by any candid enquirer, except on the supposition that long usage had brought on local peculiarities. The allusions to alphabetic writing in Panini and other purely Indian pre-Buddhist authors point likewise to an Indian, and not to a Bactrian alphabet. Again, the oldest Sanskrit inscription that has yet been found is recorded in the Pali (the Junagarh inscription of As’oka) and not in the Arian letters; indeed no Sanskrit inscription has yet been met with in the Arian characters. The Pali, besides, is a vernacular form of the Sanskrit—the first stage in its transition to the Prakrit—and the alphabet used to write it down may more reasonably be taken to be its legitimate vehicle, and not that of the Dravidian, of which no inscription of any kind, either - old or new, has yet been discovered in the Pali character. Indeed, I can see no connexion whatever between the Dravidian languages 1867. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 39 g 4 and the Pali character. The name Pali is derived from the Sanskrit palu a house or palli a village, meaning a domestic or village dialect, that is the vernacular, which was not necessarily, nor even probably, Dravidian. But were we to leave all philological proofs aside, and admit the northern Indian vernacular of former days to have been Dravidian, still it must be borne in mind that that name has been recently given to it by Europeans, and therefore it cannot be used as an argument in favour of, or against, the question at issue. Prinsep called the character Lat ; had he named it Sanskrit it would have ob- viated much unnecessary discussion. The giant, in short, is of our own creation, and we can destroy it in any way we like. “ As to the Bactrian, those characters flourished coterminously with the Pali for writing the vernacular in the trans-Indus Provinces, and that too at a time when those provinces were under Bactrian supremacy. It is very rarely met with in the chief seats of the Brahmins, and the natural inference would be, that political influence led to the use of a foreign alphabet in writing down a Sanskritic vernacular—a Sir Charles Trevelyan of the time enforcing a pet system of Bactrianism. The Roman letters are now being used for writing many Indian dialects, Until recently, many up-country Hindus wrote, and indeed even to this day write down their Hindi in Persian characters. I have seen more than one Hindi book printed in Arabic letters. Sheikh Sadi, the Persian moralist, wrote his rekht4 verses— that is Hindi—in Persian; and well may have Bactrian satraps got the Indian Vernacular of their time written in their own national characters. At any rate the use of the Bactrian to record the Pali edicts of A’soka in the Usafzai country, (and that is the oldest instance of the use of the Bactrian,) can in no way prove the antiquity of the Bactrian higher than that of the Pali, as the medium of writing down Sanskrit. ““ One remarkable fact which proves the Brahminic origin of the Pali alphabet is its fullness. It contains a number of letters,—aspirates, sibilants and long vowels,—which no Tamilian language has ever had | any occasion to use. Had the alphabet been designed by the Tamils, these would never have been devised. Mr. Thomas, in the letter just | read, has accounted for them by supposing that the Dravidians had | them not, and that the Brahmins added them to adapt the alphabet to 40 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Frr. their use. Had such been the case, there would have been some trace in the formation of the letters to indicate their origin under different states of civilization. Such, however, is entirely wanting. The as- pirated letters in the simplicity of their configuration differ in no respect from the surds and the sonants. The one set appears to have been produced by the same intellectual effort as the other, and the two are of character exactly alike. I admit that three out of the ten aspi- rates, viz. chh, th and ph appear to be duplications or modifications of the surds ch, ¢ and p., but they constitute only one-fourth of the total of 12 aspirates, the rest of which are perfectly independent in design and shape. Mr. Thomas thinks the bh to be an inconsistent develop- ment upon the basis of the old d, but there is no reason to show why the aspirated sonant of the labial class should be formed on the model of the unaspirated sonant of the dental, instead of the same letter of its own class. I cannot therefore admit the argument to be of any value. Again the s is supposed to be an adaptation of the y, ‘¢ produced by the reversal of its leading lower limb.” But the question remains unanswered, why the s should be formed on the model of y to which it bears no phonetic resemblance whatsoever, instead of any other letter ? The hypothesis in this case involves another difficulty ; it assumes that the Sanskrit first coined only one s sound, leaving it to be inferred that the other two sibilants were introduced into the language a long time after, when we know for certain that the San- skrit originally had three sibilants, two of which it lost in the Prakrits. As tothe vowels, nothing can be more natural than that the long and — the short sounds of the same kind should be indicated by slight modi- fications of the same figure. I cannot conceive that, to account for them, it is necessary to assume their origin at different times under the in- fluence of different nationalities. Those who can devise a system of alphabetic writing may safely be presumed to have sufficient in- telligence to make the same letter do duty for both a long and a short sound by a slight modification. ‘One other argument in favour of the Tamilian origin of the Sanscrit alphabet T have now to notice: it is the use of what are called cerebral _ or lingual letters. It has been said that the Arians never used cerebral letters; we find them not in the Zend, the Greek, the Latin, and the _ Teutonic ; ergo they should not be found in the Sanscrit ; but since 1867. | Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 41 they are, they must have been taken from the Tamilians. But the ma- jor premise in this argument is not tenable. The cerebral letters used in the Sanscrit are r,1,sh, t, th,d, dh, and n. Of these, r and sh are common to all the Arian languages, and that is enough to shew that the general premise is founded on a mistake, and the deduction from it consequently cannot be accepted as true. It is possible some may tell me that by cerebrals Messrs. Caldwell, Norris and Thomas allude tot th d dh and n, and not to all the letters of that class. This shifting of the ground would scarcely be fair in argument, but accepting the premises on this narrow basis, I think there is not proof sufficient to support it. We know not whether the old fire-worship- pers pronounced their ¢ as B and not S, nor do we know the sound that letter had among the Greeks and Romans, for the Greek as pronounced now is not the Greek that was, and were old Homer to appear among the dons of Oxford or Cambridge, he would be almost as unintelligible to the Porsons of our day, as he would be to the people of this country. Leaving the Zend, the Greek and the Latin as uncertain, if we turn to the Teutonic and the Sclavonic, we find the cerebral consonants by no means unknown. The Low German along the shore of the Baltic has them, and they are dominant in the Scandinavian, the Russian and the Lithuanian. In the English the § is unknown, and, notwithstanding the dictum of grammarians that the English ¢ was a dental, it is rarely that an Englishman can pronounce the sound of §. With him B is the only letter known, and he uses it both for @ and s&s. Mr. Norris in his paper on the “‘Seythic Tablets” of Behistun, accounts for the presence of t (@) in the Scandinavian and the Icelandic, by supposing it to have been borrowed from the Lapp—a Tartar language; but I imagine he will not try to assign to the same cause the origin of the English ¢. Were he to do so, he would have to prove, in the first place, that nations can borrow sounds, and secondly, that the Anglo-Saxons really did so. - It is well known that physical and social causes may lead to the loss of certain sounds in a language. The Brahminic Arian original- ly had a guttural g, which the enervating influence of India soon softened down to the modern @. In our own day, the Persians and Moghals in Bengal lose the guttural (3 in the course of a single gene- ration, Aspirates and compound consonants are being constantly 42 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. | [ Fes. softened down through the agency of that and like causes, and often without any apparent cause whatever. Indeed this tendency in languages to soften and wear out and arrange themselves in new forms, is the chief agency in the formation of new dialects, and with its aid we can easily account for the absence of particular letters in particular languages. But there is no proof, on the other hand, to show that nations can borrow sounds. Professor Bihler of Poonah, in a learned paper on the “‘ Sanskrit Linguals,” published in the Journal of the Madras Asiatic Society, justly observes : ““* Regarding the borrowing of sounds, it may suffice for the present to remark that it never has been shown to occur in the languages which were influenced by others in historical times, such as English, Spanish, and the other Romance languages, Persian, &c. Let us consider the case of the English. Though half of its words have been imported by the Norman race, though most of. the old Saxon inflec- tions have perished in the struggle between the languages of the conqueror and the conquered, though in some instances even Norman affixes have entered the organism of the original language, the quietism of the Saxon organs of speech has opposed a passive and successful resistance to the introduction of foreign sounds. The English has received neither the clear French ‘a,’ nor its ‘u,’ nor its peculiar nasals. On the contrary it has well preserved its broad, impure vowels and diphthongs, and it is now as difficult for the Englishman to pronounce the French ‘a,’ or ‘ u,’ as it was for his Saxon ancestors eight hundred years ago. But we find still stronger evidence against the loan-theory in the well-known fact, that nations which, like the Jews, the Parsees, the Slavonic tribes of Germany, the Irish, etc., have lost their mother-tongues, are, as nations, unable to adopt, with the words and grammatical laws, also the pronunciation of the foreign language. They adapt its sounds to their own phonetic system, and their pecu- liarities are recognisable even after the lapse of centuries.’ ‘‘ In this country the Afghans, the Persians and the Moghals have failed, in seven hundred years, to acquire the peculiarities of the Indian vernacular sounds, and the Hindus, in a like period, have equally failed to utter the Persian ¢ and G. Other instances may be adduced ad lzbitwm, but they are, I believe, not necessary. The point at issue is to show that sounds have been borrowed, and not to prove the negative. I shall 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 43 leave the subject, therefore, to those who advocate the loan-theory undet notice. I may observe, however, that even if it be possible to prove its possibility, it will make but small progress in supporting the conjecture that the Eastern Arians never had any cerebral letter in their language. The Sanskrit has for its basis between 18 and 19 hundred verbal roots, which, by an ingenious series of inflections, agglutinations, affixes and suffixes, produce the entire vocabulary of the language. Now out of these 1800, 835 roots have the contested cerebral letters; 182 of which have the consonants exclu- sive of r, 116 end in sh, and 37 inri, orri. If the loan-theory were admitted, it will have to be proved that the Brahmins, though conquerors and the more civilized of the two, had to borrow one-fifth of their verbal roots from the despised aborigines, and that too at a time when the Rig Veda hymns were first sung by the ancient Rishis. This is a feat which, in the present state of philology, will not be easy of accomplishment.” Mr. Bayley said, that he could not but regret that the whole of the evidence on which the theory of Mr. Thomas was based, was not before the Society. It was of course impossible fully to judge of the merits of that theory until this was the case. Mr. Thomas’s propo- sitions were in fact two in number ;—1st, that the Aryan race generally, and the Indian branch of it in particular, borrowed and did not invent their alphabets ; and secondly, that the particular Indian alphabet, of which the earliest form was that known popularly as the ‘‘ Lath” character, was borrowed from the Dravidian races which were in occupation of India or part of it, before the advent of the Brahmins. Now he thought, that at least the grounds on which the first proposition was based, were to some extent apparent. It was not, as Baboo Rajendra Lal seemed to suppose, based solely on the argument that the Aryan race having clearly borrowed alphabets in some cases, were necessarily to be considered incapable of originating one for themselves. Rajendra Lal indeed did not deny that the Aryans had borrowed alphabets from the natives whose countries they overran, and one undeniable instance of this action on their part, was their adoption of the arrow-headed character. As Mr. Bayley understood Mr, Thomas’s assumption, however, it | was at least based on better ground than Baboo Rajendra Lal imagined : At Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Fes. When a nation already sufficiently organized and powerful to overrun its neighbours, starts on a career of conquest, and, having as yet no alphabet of its own, occupies countries where an alphabet is already established, it was a priori improbable that it should take the trouble of inventing one of its own. Of course, it did not follow, as Rajendra Lal pointed out, that because the earlier Aryan hordes possessed no alphabet of their own invention, that this was necessarily the case also with later hordes, issuing from the same stock and the same ‘ nidus,” but there was a strong antecedent improbability that a race which cer- tainly at a comparatively late period of the world’s history possessed no alphabet, and was then surrounded by neighbours who did, neigh- bours with whom, by conquest, some sort of intercourse must have been established,—should nevertheless invent rather than adopt an alphabet. Ceasing, however, to argue from pure probabilities, there was, Mr. Bayley thought, some external evidence for concluding that the Lath alphabet was not an Aryan invention, but adopted. It was not the only alphabet used by the Aryan race in India: at the earliest date which could be assigned probably to any Lath inscription, there was another character which Mr. Bayley would call the Bactro-Pali, equally well established in Northern India, and em- ployed to express what might be called identically the same language. In Northern India, including Cabul, it might be said that this alphabet reigned supreme ; south of the Jumna on the other hand was the region of the Lath character and its branches. Intermediately between say the Jumna and the Jhelum was a tract of debateable ground, in which however, at the early date above mentioned, the Bactro-Pali - certainly predominated on one inscription ; and many coins belonging to this tract are however certainly bi-literal, expressing absolutely the same words in both characters. If it be supposed that a later emigration of the Aryan race, leaving its cradle after the invention of the Lath character, carried it with them to Central and Southern India, one or other of the following two several suppositions must necessarily be accepted; neither of which seemed at all probable in itself or supported by any evidence. If, for example, it be supposed that the whole of the Indian Aryan branch quitted its original resting-place together, then it must be supposed that one portion abandoned its native alphabet and adopted 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 45 one that it found existing, or that, discarding its own alphabet, it arbitrarily invented one totally different, while the rest of the horde, pressing on southwards, retained and cherished their own. | If, on the other hand, the two branches be looked upon as two separate emigrations, one before and one after the supposed invention of the Aryan Alphabet, then we are to suppose that, passing through countries settled by their own race, speaking their own tongue but using an adopted alphabet, the southern branch of the Aryans yet carried to their own remoter settlement, and preserved there, their newly in- vented character. Improbable as this latter supposition was, it was rendered still more so by the fact that the two alphabets gave expression to identically the same language; and it was not likely that a second emigration, coming forth from its parent root after the lapse of time necessary to perfect the invention and use of an alphabet, and after the great social change effected by the conversion of a spoken into a written alphabet, should carry with it identically the same language as the earlier emigration. There remained another possible supposition, which had not been noticed by Rajendra Lal, vzz., that one or both of the two alphabets were invented by the Aryan race after they reached India. But in the first place, it is impossible to believe that the same people setting about to invent an alphabet, should have invented two totally different, or that if one was borrowed from existing sources, they should set about to invent another while one was existent and ready to hand. Lastly, as a matter of fact, the Bactro-Pali at least was pretty | clearly borrowed: it was closely allied to,—in some forms and in its | modes of numeration, almost identical with,—certain Semitic forms of | writing of very great antiquity, which were once in use on the shores | and in the islands of the Mediterranean. Practically, therefore, there was located in India an Aryan race, | using a language which is in fact common to all its tribes, a fact which may be accepted as showing that they entered India at | dates not very remote, or under very different circumstances. Of this branch the Northern portion, when settled on the road which the rest of the tribes must have traversed on their way towards Central | and Southern India, used a borrowed character; and the most probable inference seems to be that the character used by the other is 46 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. ‘[Fes. borrowed also: that, in fact, both adopted the indigenous character which was found already existing in that portion of India in which they settled. This inference was further strengthened by the fact that both these alphabets, at the earliest date to which we can ascribe their use with any certainty, were not wholly fitted to express all the sounds of the Aryan language which they embodied, and that, in fact, at later dates, we find both characters modified into a more convenient form. Mr. Bayley meant to allude especially to the use of reduplicate and compound letters, which are sparingly and awkwardly combined in the earlier inscriptions, while in later inscriptions (and this is peculiarly the case with the Bactro-Pali) new compounds, nay, it may be said, almost wholly new symbols are gradually introduced. Although therefore the Society had not Mr. Thomas’s evidence before it, it seemed at least probable that he was correct, to the extent of assuming that there is no evidence that the Aryan race ever invented an alpha- bet ; but that on the other hand it is certain that they borrowed the alphabets of other nations on more than one occasion, and there is strong presumption that their Indian branch borrowed the Lath character. But from whom did they borrow it? It was very unfortunate that there was not any portion of Mr. Thomas’s case before the Society on this point, nor did the Society know upon what proofs he bases his presumption that the “ Lath Alphabet was of Dravidian origin.” On the other hand, the Society are obliged to Baboo Rajendra for the, no doubt, very strong grounds which he had stated for believing that the Dravidian races had no alphabet ; nor could Mr. Bayley, so far as his experience went, find any evidence in contradiction of it, Remains presumably belonging to pre-Aryan races were occasionally discovered, but so far as Mr. Bayley was aware, no sort of inscription existed among these. Again, in Southern India, Mr. Walter Elliot — reported that, at a comparatively late date, one branch of the Dravidian — race maintained itself in independence, and possessed a considerable — share of importance, power and wealth. Coins even were attributed to — this tribe, but apparently nothing written or inscribed had survived — them. Nor, sofaras Mr. Bayley was aware, did any purely indigenous Dravidian literature exist; any thing at least of a nature inconsistent with the idea of its being handed down by oral tradition, 1867.] Proceedings ‘of the Asiatic Society: 47 So:far therefore as the case’stood before the Society—it seemed as if, while there was a strong presumption, at least, that the “ Lath” char- acter was borrowed by the Aryans and not invented, it seemed at least doubtful if it had a Dravidian origin, and its invention was still obscure. Mr, Bayley would, however, venture on a guess-at a source,from which there was some possibility perhaps that this. character had been derived ;. but, in. doing so, he did not venture either to put forth the suggestion with any confidence, nor was-it oneto the authorship of which he could lay claim. The subject had been touched upon both by the late Sir Henry Elliot and by General Cunningham, and the Tatter indeed had, he believed,. investigated it to.some extent, and might possibly give the result of his enquiries to the world. The great Sanscrit Epic spoke of a race of ‘“‘ Snakes” at enmity: with the Aryan: race, and indeed allusions to. them occur repeatedly elsewhere both in the books and the traditions of the Hindus. Who. these Snakes might be, was not the present question; it had been attempted to identify them as Scythian, and for present purposes. Scythian was as-good a name by which to indicate them, as-any other. Now it was curious that the most Archaic form of the Lath character (as had been pointed out by General. Cunningham, ),was found on certain coins which bore the emblems and the names known to. have belonged to this Snake race. Taking this hint, Mr. Bayley would venture to throw out a few others. The Snake race was not confined to India alone : on the contrary, traces were found of it almost. everywhere in the Western. part of Asia and in Hastern Hurope. The well-known story of Zohak had been. supposed to indicate the conquest of Persia, of ‘‘ Iran” proper; by this Snake race or some wave of it. The subject was a wide one and open to infinite inquiry and research. But the points which were more immediately of interest related to. the presence of this race on the northern shores of the Huxine and in the upper parts of Greece. Herodotus, it might be remembered, spoke of the Cimmerians as displaced from mere pressure, on the upper part of the Euxine, by an irruptiom of Scyths, the offspring of Hercules and a woman half a snake. Again the Nevpou, a tribe allied to the Scythian, were, a generation before Darius, similarly driven away from their original site by Snakes, partly coming from the North, partly bred among themselves ; and it was curious that Kadmus, the 48 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Fes. traditionary inventor or introducer of the Greek alphabet, was also a slayer of the serpent, that is, was at least in hostile contact with the serpent race ; and perhaps the singular legend of the sowing of the serpent’s teeth may be explained as an example of a custom, probably of remote antiquity, but of which familiar modern instances were to be found in the institutions of the Janissaries and Mamelukes—the custom, that is, of forming military bodies of male children captured from the enemy in war. There was on this occasion no time to follow out this subject, nor did Mr. Bayley consider himself justified in anticipating the re- sults of General Cunningham’s researches; but he believed that it was probable that these would show a strong similarity, not merely in names, but in customs and religion, as existing in these regions which the western Snakes appear to have trod, with the traces of the same nature which they have left behind in India. And as regarded the Grecian alphabet, without entering into the arguments which had been assigned in support of its Phoenician origin, Mr. Bayley would only remind the Society of the strong impression which the ‘yesemblance between the Greek and the Lath alphabet made on the minds of the first decipherer of the latter, the late James Prinsep ; and at any rate it was curious that in Greece, as in India, the long vowels and especially the double letters seem to have been added to facilitate the proper expression of Aryan sounds, proving that it was, at least in its first stage, not fully adopted to the requirements of an Aryan language, and was therefore evidently not originally invented to meet these, but was probably borrowed. Mr. Campbell said that he had supposed Mr. Bayley to speak of the Snake races as distinguished from the early Aryans, in a way which might lead to the supposition that those Snake races were not Aryans. Now the term was chiefly applicable to the Rajpoots and Jats and cognate tribes, and he thought no one could see these peoples and doubt for an instant that they are Aryans of the very highest type. At the same time, these people have not generally had very literary tendencies, and it might be questionable whether they invented an original alphabet. The whole question, however, of the first invention of the alphabet used in India, seemed to him to merge in a much better one, not yet solved, viz. what were the first religious civilizations 1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Sociaty. . 49 in India. If it were the fact, that the early Aryans, with their beliefs in gods descending from above, and in the firm existence of a golden age and a higher state from which man descended, were met by another faith already established in India, by a school holding the doctrine of the progression of races from below upwards, and from which both the Sivite and the Buddhist forms have sprung, then it may be that the earliest Phonetic alphabet was in the possession of this latter school. That the aboriginal Dravidian. savages should have invented _ either the religion or the alphabet, seemed to him to be out of the question. They must. have come from some foreign source. The question remained, what was that source ? Mr. Bayley explained that he had used the terms “ Scythian” and ‘* Aryan” merely as concise forms of expression, and without any intention of assigning an ethnologic character to the Snakes. Babu Rajendralala Mitra was glad to find that Mr. Bayley concurred in the main with what he had said in regard to that part of the question to which he had confined his attention. He was well aware of more than one alphabet having been current in different parts of India, in writing down one language, in the time of Asoka and for some centuries after it, but it did not at all serve to throw any light on the question at issue, viz.the source whence the Ariansfirst got their alphabet. The researches of the learned Dr. Goldstiicker had clearly established that Panini lived many centuries before the age of Asoka, and at his time the art of writ- ing was well known. The root kh “to write “ (aksharavinyds’e) in his Dhétupdtha was conclusive on the subject, and the question therefore was, what was the alphabet that great grammarian and his predecessors used ? was it the Bactrian, or the Pali, or any other which has been replaced by the latter ? There were not data sufficient to give a positive answer to this; but he felt no hesitation in giving a negative one, as __ regards the Bactrian. All northern languages, or rather those of cold regions, are noted for gutturals, aspirates, troublesome combinations of consonants, and distinctions of long and short vowels, which Byron well describes as the ok harsh, grunting guttural, Which we have to hiss, spit and sputter all.” These, when transferred to hot countries, soon lose their sharpness and become soft and sweet. The history of the Sanskrit language 50 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Fes. proves this most incontestably : the sharpness and harshness and the peculiar distinctions and combination of sounds of the Vedic dialect are nowhere to be met with in the Sanskrit of the time of Buddha, and the Sanskrit of Buddha’s time was not what it became in the time of Kalidasa. It underwent many changes, and most of those changes were dictated by a desire to rub off the asperities of the Vedic language for the sake of euphony. Now, @ priorz, it would be expected that an alphabet designed for the earlier Sanskrit, or the language as current in the Arianian pro- vinces, would be richer in letters than in one got up in the time of Buddha, for a great deal more stress was laid on minor distinctions of pronunciation in the pre-Vedic.and the Vedic, than in later ages ; and when the first idea of alphabetic writing is once formed, no nation can be believed to be so slow as not to be able to design a sufficient number of letters to meet all their requirements. The Bactrian is avowedly not so full. Its vowels are few and imperfect, and consonants deficient ; and it could not therefore have been originally used for a language most remarkable for its long and short vowels, to which it attached so much importance. Again, it was unknown in the history of language, that a nation, themselves conquerors, voluntarily gave up an alphabet with which their religion was most intimately associated for many centuries, and adepted an alphabet from a conquered people, because of “its su- perior fitness.” No amount of superiority can have any influence in suck cases. But he knew not what the superiority was in the case of the Pali. It was not one of easy writing, for the flowing Bactrian has, in that respect, great advantages over the angular Pali; nor of fulness, for it is avowed that it had no aspirates at all, before the Brahmins adopted it. But were it otherwise, still he doubted if such adoption | were possible, after a language had been associated with a particular form of writing for a long time. The English vocalic system was imperfect in many respects, and some of its letters were obliged to do duty for half a dozen sounds, and yet it was not to be for a moment supposed that it would ever be replaced by the most perfect = * system of writing that is current in the world, the Sanskrit. Besides the Sanskrit was a dead language in the time of Asoka, and had been replaced by the Pali which dropped the aspirates and some of 9 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 51 the sibilants, and rejected the distinctions of long and short vowels; and that, or a little before that, was not the time when the Brahmins would forsake their ancient alphabet for a foreign one, for the sake of its superior and more perfect system of vowels and aspirates. Mr. Campbell read a letter from Col. Phayre, Chief Commissioner of British Burmah, inclosing a list of words of the Mon or Talain language of Pegu and Tenasserim, prepared by the very best scholar of that language, the Rev. Mr. Haswell, in accordance with the list of test words sent to Col. Phayre; also promising a similar specimen of the Andamanese language, Col. Phayre added, ‘‘ The study of the tribes in the hills of Burmah is one of vast interest to the Philologist, to the Ethnologist, and tothe Missionary; they may be said to be unknown, at least the majority of them.” Mr. Campbell then said that although he could not pretend to have critically studied the list of Mon words which he had only just received, he could not resist the earliest opportunity of stating that at the very first glance, the first few words in the list seemed at once to establish, he might say beyond the possibility of doubt, a radical connection | between the Mon or Talain people and the Sontals and similar tribes to the west of Bengal, whom he had designated as Kolarians. He had recently published a short comparative list of aboriginal words, and Mr, Man had appended to his Sontalia and the Sontals the same model list of test words which had been translated by Mr. Haswell. On comparing these lists, the first four numerals and the first four simple nouns (put first as of the most radical test character) were found to be in fact plainly identical ; the only difference, where there is a difference, being of a uniform character, viz. that the shorter vowels of the Sontal words are changed into a broader 0, 00, oa, or au, thus— Sontalt. Mon. One mi or mia moo% Two barea ba Three - . pea or pia pee or pi Four ponea paun Hand ti or tihi toa - Foot jang chang 52 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Fes. Sontalc. Mon. Nose mu moo Kye me or met mote The next higher numerals are. Five monayia m’some Six turui trow Five might be doubtful; the sixth seemed to be identical. Above six, the higher numerals seem to be all different. So, going on with the list of nouns, although a resemblance might be traced here and there, it was not easily seen; and in fact most of the higher class words were different. He found a resemblance in the pronouns thus— I aing oa Thou. amg m’na He uni nya Indeed Mr. Logan in his valuable paper had already recognised a connection in the form of the pronouns. At first sight it appeared as if the Mon had lost the refined gram- matical forms of the Sontals, and had lapsed into a Chinese-like simplicity of grammar, but the whole subject required much study. He found that Col. Dalton also held the opinion that some of the darker tribes of the extreme Hast of India have probably an affinity to the aboriginal races of Central India. Altogether the study of the eastern tribes, and their connection with those of the West and again with those still farther to the south-east, seemed to open up an almost boundless field of most interesting inquiry, A letter from Professor Piazzi Smyth, Astronomer Royal of Scotland was read— | ‘“‘ Herewith I have the pleasure of enclosing you a letter from Sir Walter Elliot, transmitted to me by my friend Colonel Walter Birch, 104th Fusiliers, and requesting your kind assistance in procuring for me a small block of stone, about the size of an ordinary British brick, or an octavo book,* of particular quality, and transmitting the same, if procurable, to Colonel Birch’s agents in Calcutta, Messrs. * In a letter of later date, Professor Piazzi Smyth expresses a desire to obtaix a block 6 or 7 inches square and 3 or 4 inches thick, without flaw,—EHd, | 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 53 Grindlay & Co., whom the Colonel kindly promises to advise of its expected arrival and have it sent to me here. “The reason for going so far, for so small a matter is,—that the stones of this country are too soft, or too large-grained, or too fissured, or too permeable by water : and I hope, from what I have heard of some Indian minerals, to get something supereminent in hardness, fineness of grain, toughness, freedom from fissures and crystallization, and proof against the entrance of water. “ Corundum has been mentioned ; but that will not do, for though hard enough, it is crystallized, and a lump would probably be only a brittle congeries of small crystals. “‘ Basalt has been mentioned, and if India has basalts like some of those in Upper Egypt, viz. excessively fine-grained, tough, compact, and free from fissures and tendency to fissure, over lengths of 8 and 9 inches, | —it might do well. The basalts of Scotland are far too coarse-grained , and full of fissures. “A pudding stone from Agra that I have seen, contains particles of | jasper, whioh promise to be better still, if the original rock of it, the | jasper, could be got at. Its colours are red, brown and black, the grain almost infinitely fine, the hardness far above steel; being too, I | presume, a sedimentary, argillaceous rock, altered by plutonic heat, | I should expect more toughness, freedom fron fissures, and more | uniformity than in basalt. ““Tf too, you can get one example, which will stand all these tests,— | I should much like to hear whether more examples perfectly similar | could be afterwards procured, and at what price. The purpose is, to | form small standard scales of 5 to 10 inches in length, and likely to last |} unaltered in length and quality for a much longer time than the metals | hitherto used for that purpose. Something capable of going down to ali posterity, without sensible change, during 5,000 or 10,000 years.” In commenting on the above, the Secretary said he had brought the | note before the meeting with a view of soliciting the aid of Members | through the medium of the published Proceedings. He would especi- ally note, as promising stones, the jasper of the Sone and Nerbudda valleys, and the Jade, large lumps of which are sometimes to be obtained in the bazaars. 54 _ Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Fus. Tho receipt of the following communications was announced— 1. From Dr. A. Bastian of Bremen, a translation of an inscription copied in the temple of Nakhon Vat, in the city of Monasteries, near the capital of ancient Kambodia. 2. From Baboo Gopee Nath Sen, Abstract of the hourly meteoro- logical observations made at the Surveyor General’s Office in October, 1866. The following additions to the Library since the Meeting held in January, 1867, were announced. Presentations. x*% The names of Donors ir Capitals. Annales Muszi Botanici Lugduno-Batavi by F. A. G. Miquel, Vol. II, Fasc. Il, IV and V.—Tue Baravian Socrery. Cours d’ Hindustani. Discours d’Ouverture du 3 Décembre, 1866, par M. G. de Tassy.—Tur Avtuor. Many and great Dangers with Safeguards. Twelve Sermons by G. U. Pope, D. D.—Tux Avruor. Tamil Poetical Anthology. by G. U. Pope, D. D.—Tue Aurnor. Tamil Prose Reading-book, by G. U. Pope, D. D.—Tue Avruor. Tamil Grammar, by G. U. Pope, D. D.—Tue Autuor. Lord’s Sermon on the Mount in English, Tamil, Malayalam, Kanarese and Telugu, by G. U. Pope, D. D.—Tue Avruor. Report on the Police of the Town of Calcutta and its Suburbs for 1865-66.—Tue Benegat GovERNMENT. Report on the Survey operations for Season 1865-66.—Tuz Suprr- INTENDENT OF THE REVENUE SURVEY. Almanach der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Sechs- zehnter Jahrgang, 1866.—Tuer Acapemy. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Lalla Vol. X. No. VI.—Tuz Socrery. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften ; Philosophisch-Historische Classe; Band 51, Hefte 2, 3; Band 52, Hefte 1, 2,4: Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, Jahrgang 1865: 1ste Abtheilung, Nos. 8, 9-10. 2te Abtheilung, Nos. 9, 10, Jahrgang 1866, Iste Abtheilung, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 2te Abtheilung, Nos. 1, 2, 3,4, 5.—Tue Acapimy. ee a 1867. ] | Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 5D Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe’ Band XXV.—Tur ACADEMY. Archiv fir Kunde Bese ee atin Geschichts-Quellen. Band XXXV. Heft 1, and Band XXXVI, Heft 1. Register zu den Banden I—XXXIII. des Archivs, and zu den Banden I—IX. Notizenblattes :—Tur AcapEmy. Fontes Rerum Austriacarum. Band VII. Abtheilung I.—Tue ACADEMY. Register zu den Banden I—XIV. der Denkschriften der Philoso- phisch-Historischen Classe der K. A. der W, Band I—Tue Acapemy. Charipat, Part I. of Akhaya Coomar, translated into Hindustani ?— Tue TRANSLATORS. _ Hachanges. London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Vol. XXXII. No. 218. The Atheneum for November 1866. Purchases. Dictionnaire Turc-Arabe-Persan by Dr. J. T. Zenker, Heft 10. | Deutsches Worterbuch by J. anl W. Grimm, Part IV. Fasc. 11 | and Part V. Fas. I. | Comptes Rendus de L’ Académie des Sciences, Nos, 22 and 28, 1866. Journal des Savants, November 1866. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, No. 11 of 1866. Revue des Deux Mondes, Ist December, 1866. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, No. 108, Vol. XVIII, Reeve’s Conchologia, parts 260 and 261 (Tellina and Unio). The American Journal of Science and Arts, Vol. XLII. No. 126. LPL II LI III LIL LIL PLDI i Ny a ea at) rey. Feo stab : chat w¥ pecbere ms atl its oe wie eet sat. yeni A ae hohe entree hei as ty» 1 r a es ve . A . ; ye 8 trade eink 2 pilin) Ae wees cea gh Ws ae ao ee Mewet A Letars Bata it i, i ; | | | | | a ne 4 a > A - ~ 43 ony 4 eas Me a - : Z ee ar ms wk i ; ia > 4 Ss _ ‘ ae ‘© oo" } > s with Ay ¢ t i) fim ot : J < 4 ~— arr Le an . ay ' — AS a - —— ae “wen . oa — 2 i. } t } ni " r 5 ; - 10 : i wi Mia ba ut \ ' ‘ J = 1) ; a = Ne oe j: Val ty a 2 wet ‘J « ¥ ue rr Pee se 4 ce "Y = ot ‘ “ . = = ~ . a, ‘ ; > A wr 5 ‘ Z Ate : ” oe ’ a0 + a At ’ ve - ‘ +. , 1 } fc yt @ i ¢ 4 :. i a ” "2 e A ‘se eA = ws . Fi iF ¥ F bh P) 4 ~ ‘ 5 Add “ - 7 . we A 4 . t “ mF J < j , ; = _ } a Mes Sr} ie in = * eae \ rT a 4% } ~~ i yan) ers .f ’ ra) @ e' 4 ~ } < > #2 ’ ‘ J f Pr] —e On ie oer » ae ; i ¥. / ¥ We ‘ een i POLL, 3: sae ‘ ’ r ras i Le ¢* 7 a hr ac es i aT Se $ Lt pale J op) eae oa hte " Ph ag ay nae , aes , Teh meri 7 i ay ‘ vy . + “= 59% B<¥ . * oe Tyres PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, For Aprit, 1867. =O @ on- A meeting of the Asiatic Society of Bengal'was held on Wednesday the 3rd April, at 9 Pp. M. Dr. J. Fayrer, President, in the chair. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. Presentations were announced :— 1. From A: Grote, Esq. a specimen of Tragulus Javanicus. 2. From Dr. J. E. T. Aitchison, a specimen of Larus Ichihyaetus, a Sea Gull, shot at Umritsar in the Punjab in May last. 3. From Lieutenant J. Waterhouse, a box of specimens of plum- bago from the Sonah mines near Delhi. 4, From Baboo Gour Doss Bysack, a few bricks and a carved ‘Koran stand from the Sat-Gombouj of Bagharhaut. 5. From the Rev. C. H. Dall, 8 photographs of the hairy family at Ava. 6. From Captain J. Anderson, a fragment of stone from the old tomb of Mrs. Mary Hastings at Berhampore with a copy of the epitaph. 7. Mr. Blanford exhibited, on part of Mr. Grote, a few specimens of a curious sponge (‘‘ Ragaderos’’) from the Philippine islands. 8. The Council reported that they have elected H. Blochmann, Hsq. a member of the Library Committee. 9. The following gentlemen, proposed at the last meeting, were balloted for and elected as ordinary members :— Major G. Mainwaring ; Lieutenant-Colonel B. Ford; the Hon’ble Nawab Sir Sherif ul Omrah Bahadur, K. C. §. I.; Dr. Mohindra Lala Sirkar, 66 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ ApRin, 10. The following gentlemen are candidates for ballot as ordinary members at the next meeting :— Lieutenant KE. J. Steel, R. A. of the Revenue Survey, Debroogur, Assam, proposed by Captain H. H. G. Austen, and seconded by Mr, H. F. Blanford. The Hon’ble F. Glover, proposed by Mr. E. C. Bayley, and seconded by Mr. H. F. Blanford. Dr. B. N. Hyatt, Civil Surgeon, Ranchee, proposed by Lieutenant- Colonel H. T. Dalton, and seconded by Dr. J. Anderson. Dr. EH. Bonavia, Assistant Surgeon, Lucknow, proposed by Dr. J. Anderson, and seconded by Mr. H. F. Blanford. Dr. S. C. Mackenzie, proposed by Dr. Ewart, seconded by Dr. Colles. J. A. B. Nelson, Esq. proposed by Mr. A. Grote, and seconded by Mr. H. F. Blanford. 11. Letters were read from EH. W. Clementson, Esq. and Captain W. G. Murray, intimating their desire to withdraw from the Society. 12. The receipt of the following communications was announced :— 1. From Babu Gopee Nath Sen, Abstract of Hourly Meteorological observations made at the Surveyor General’s Office in December last, 2. From Captain H. H. Godwin Austen, F. R, G. §8. Notes on the geological features of the country over the foot of the hills in the Western Bhotan Dooars. 3. From Dr. E. Bonavia, Affinity between the adjutant and the domestic turkey. 4, From Babu Gour Doss Bysack, “ Antiquities of Bagharhaut.” 13. At the request of the President, Mr. D. Waldie read the following abstract of his experimental investigations connected with the water supply to Calcutta, Part III. “The object of this communication is to correct a few errors and deficiencies in the former papers, and supply additional information, so ee as to render the inquiry more complete. It will also direct attention — to some points of importance calling for special consideration. ‘The general constitution of the Hooghly water, as regards its mineral constituents, is exhibited by two tables, one giving the proportions of these in a way favourable for comparing its variations at different seasons, and another shewing its hardness. Though the water is rather hard during the dry season, the hardness is reduced to a very 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 67 small amount by boiling. It is superior in this respect to what can usually be obtained for the supply of towns. The influence of the tides during the hot season was considered in the first communication : the tidal water increases the amount of common salt, but does not very greatly increase the hardness. “« As regards organic matter, numerous observations have been made since the last communication was laid before the Society, partly to meet objections raised against the former results, which objections however may now be considered as withdrawn. “Further examination of the various waters by oxidation by permanganate of potash has not increased the author’s opinion of its value, and two tables are given which it is believed will justify this unfavourable opinion. The first exhibited the very rapid change which takes place in the deoxidating power of many waters both river and tank, this power diminishing within two days to one half, one third, or even less, of its original amount. This is not noticed in the London Reports, probably because the samples having been taken from the street mains, the water is at least two or three days old, after which it changes much more slowly. The oxidation test appears to indicate only certain kinds of impurities,—probably products of fermentation or putrefaction, or even of living vegetable organisms, and it is doubtful if it gives much important information of the quality of these, as the second table shews that General’s Tank water (considered the best for drinking in Calcutta) equals in deoxidating power the the water of the salt marsh to the east of the town; and that the water of the Circular canal, which receives the greater part of the sewerage of Caleutta, requires no more oxygen than that of the best tanks. “ The determination of organic matter by weight is the most trust- worthy. Care has been taken in all the recent analyses to proceed to the evaporation without delay, but continued observation has also shewn that the results formerly given cannot have been far wrong. The quantity of organic matter in the river water for the months of _ January and November has in no case exceeded 15 grains per 100,000 grains, or 1.05 grains per gallon. A table is given of the results at all seasons, which distinctly shews the influence of the tides, the quan- tity of organic matter during flood tide being from one and half to two and half times greater than during ebb tide. Yet the highest 68 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ APRIL, obtained was 2.7 grains per 100,000 grains, or rather less than 2 grains per gallon, “ Another table exhibits the amount of organic matter in the water of the Salt Water Lake and Circular canal. On the 18th February the water of the marsh contained only 6.5 grains per 100,000 grains or 4.55 grains per gallon. A calculation made on data supplied by Mr. Leonard (reduced to one. half on account of uncertainty) or 5000 ft. per second of water flowing in the river at the minimum, shew that though Mr. Clark’s supply of 6,000,000 gallons of water per day flowed into the river in as concentrated a state of impurity as the filthiest ditches of Calcutta during the hot season, it would add of organic matter to the river water only to the extent of 5 or 6 hundredths of a grain per gallon. The allowance is extravagant, yet the addition is but small. “ Trials for Ammonia, exhibited in tables, shew that the water during the cold season is at its purest, and other observations on the organic matter are confirmatory of those previously made. ‘“‘ Further observations on the tank waters confirm the conclusions formerly drawn. Additional samples have been examined in the northern part of the town, with reference to a tank proposed to be excavated there by the Municipality. All the tank waters examined, except those of the Maidan tanks and Dalhousie Square Tank, contained much more saline matter and were much harder both before and after boiling than the river water at its worst (except as regards . salt during flood tide in May and June,) and contained much more organic matter,—two, three, or four times as much. The water of the street aqueduct (from the river) was greatly superior in every respect. Water obtained from temporary wells dug for the purpose was care- fully analysed and found to be simply sewage water, deprived of the greater part of its bad smell by passing through the earth; indicating that the soil is more or less penetrated by sewage water all over the town. ‘“‘ Wurther consideration had been given to the nature of the organic matter, confirmatory of former observations. The organic matter in the river water during the rainy season was analagous to that of tank water, and contained a larger proportion of vegetable matter than that of the dry season. But it by no means followed that it was less - 1867. | Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 69 objectionable. When partially separated from saline matter, its general properties more resembled those of animal excrementitious matter, while those of the dry season water more resembled urinous secretions. The rainy season water also seemed to contain much more living germs. * As to the question of taking water from Cossipore, it may be said that it would scarcely be advisable to do so, as there can be no doubt of the influence of the tide rendering the water impure: whether a point nearer than Pultah would be suitable, could: only be determined by observations during the hot season. But there is a point of greater importance to consider, namely the state of the river water during the rains, especially during the early part of the season. The water then contained the sewerage of thousands of square miles of country, and was much more putrid and offensive than even the flood tide water of the hot season; and besides contained a large quantity of mud in a very fine state of division, very difficult to get rid of either by sub- sidence or filtration; and this water cannot be avoided by taking it from Pultah. The greater impurity of river waters during floods is a fact well recognized in England, and here we have all the floods of the year concentrated into one great flood. The Engineer to the Municipality had taken into account the unusual quantity of mud in the water at this season, and had made arrangements intended to obviate the difficulty: but there is great reason to fear that these measures will be very inadequate for the purpose, and that the large covered reservoirs will, during the early months of the rains, supply water of a very offensive character, and perhaps taint it for a con- siderable time afterwards. There is no evidence in the Engineer’s Report that the extent of the difficulty has been appreciated or even properly understood, or that the efficiency of the means to remedy it has been satisfactorily ascertained.” LIBRARY. _ The following additions were made to the Library since the meeting held in March :-— ** The names of Donors in Capitals. Presentations. Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich Kéniglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt. —Vol. XV, XVI.—Tue K. K. Guon, Retcusanstatr. 70 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ AprIt, The History of India in Urdu, No. 9.—Tue Screnrirtc Socrery or ALLYGURH. Professional papers on Indian Engineering, No. 14, Vol. IV.—Tue Hprror. Annual Report of the Trustees of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 1865.—Tur Trusruzs or tae Museum. Report of the Superintendent of the Coast Survey of the U.S. 1859 and 1860.—Tue Unrrep States or Ammrica. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History for 1864.— Tun Boston Naturat History Socrery. Conditions and Doings of the Boston N. H. Society for 1864.— Tue Boston Narurat History Soctery. Documents of the United States Sanitary Commission, 3 Vols.—TueE U.S. Sanrrary Commisston. Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian In- stitution for 1864.—Tue Institution. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. V. pt. 3.—Tue — Govt. oF BENGAL. Catalogue of the Organic Remains belonging to the Cephalopoda in the Museum, Geological Survey of India, Calcutta—Tue Govr. or BeEnaGat. Catalogue of the Meteorites in the Museum, Geological Survey of India, Calcutta.—Tue Govt. or BENGAL. A Narrative of the Russian Military Expedition to Khiva under General Perofski in 1839.—Tur Govt. or Brneat. Notes on the Geographical, Statistical and General condition of Pur- gunna Palamow, by Major G. H. Thompson.—-Tue Govt. or Buneat. Report on the Registration of Ozone in the Bombay Ae for 1864-65.—Tue Govt. or Brnaat. Ueber ein Fragment der Bhagavati, 1st part, by Prof. A. Weber.— Tur AUTHOR. Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government, No. OI. New Series (Extract of the Proceedings of the International Sanitary — Conference of 1866.)—Tur Govt. or BomBay. Annual Report of the Administration of the Madras Presidency for 1865-66..—TuE Govt. or Brneat. General Report on the Administration of the Bombay Presidency for 1865-66.—TueE Gov, or Benet. 1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 71 Report on the Administration of the N. W. Provinces for 1865-66. —Tue Govt. oF Bene@at. Annual Report on the Operations of the Post Office of India for 1865-66.—Tux Govr. or Buneat. Report on the Administration of the Central Provinces for 1865- 66. —Tue Govt. or Brnaat. Annual Report of the Administration of Coorg for 1865-66.—Tux Govt. or Bengat. General Report on the eich sheet ac of the Punjab Territories for 1865-66.—Tux Govr. or Buna@at. Annual Report on the Administration of Mysore for 1865-66.—TurE Govt. or Benga. Report on the Administration of the Penal Settlement of Port Blair and Andaman Islands for 1865-66.—Tuz Govt. or Beneat. Annual Report on the Administration of the Straits Settlement for 1865-66.—Tuxr Govt. or Buneat. Six Copies of Papers relating to the Aboriginal tribes of the Cen- tral Provinces left in MSS. by the late Rev. 8. Hislop, edited by R. Temple, C. 8. I.—Tux Eprror. Six Copies of the Gazetteer of the Central Provinces, part 1—Tue Curer ComMissionER oF THE CENTRAL PRovinczs. _ Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, Vol. IV, parts VIT and VIII.—Tue Royat Insrrrvrion. The journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Treland, New Series, Vol. II, pt. I1— Tue Rovat Astarre Socrery. Sitzungsberichte der Kénigl. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Minchen, 1865, Il, Hefte III and IV; 1866, I, Hefte I, II, III, IV, and Il Heft I1—Tue Acaprmy or Scrences, Muntrcu. Abhandlungen der Philos. Philologischen Classe der Koniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vol. X, Abth. a, Vol, XL, Abth. 1. Historische Classe, Vol. X, Abth. 2-—Tue AcapEmy or Sciences, Municu. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Vol. XV, No. 89.— Tue Roya Socrry. ? Journal Asiatique, 6th Series, Vol. VIII, Nos. 29, 30, 31.—Tux Astaric Society or Paris, 72 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ APRIL, General Report of the Administration of the Bombay Presidency for 1864-65.—Tue Govt. or Beneat. Annual Report of the Geological Survey of India for 1865-66.—_ Tue Govt. oF Brnaat. . Annual Report of the Administration of the Province of a for 1865-66.—Tux Govt. or Brne@at. Discours d’ouverture du 4 Décembre 1865, by M. G. de Tassy.— © Tue AvurHor. The policy of the Future in India. A letter to the Right Hon’ble Lord Cranborne, by W. Knighton, LL. D.—Tur Eprror. Entwicklung der Ideen in der Naturwissenschaft. Rede in der offentlichen Sitzung der. k. Akademie der Wissenschaften am 25 Juli 1866. By Justus, F. von Liebig.—Tux Autor. . Die Bedeutung moderner Gradmessungen. Vortrag in der offent- lichen Sitzung der. k. Akademie der Wissenschaften am 25 Juli, 1866. By Dr. C. M. Bauernfeind.—Tue Avrtnor. Die Gottesurtheile der Indier. Rede gehalten in der 6ffentlichen Sitzung der kénigl. Akademie der Wissenschaften, am 28 Marz, 1866. By Emil Schlagintweit —Tue Avurtnor. Report of the Administration of the Province of British Birma ia 1865-66.—Tue Govt. or Benaat. Report of the Administration of the Hyderabad assigned Districts for 1865-66.—Tue Govt. or BEnaaL. Report of the Proceedings of the Government of India in the P. W. Department for 1864-65.—Tur Govt. or Brneat. Narrative of the course of Legislation during the year 1865-66.— Tue Govr. or Brneat. Eauchange. The Atheneum, January 1867. | Purchase. The Edinburgh Review, January 1867. Revue des Deux Mondes, 15th January, 1867, and Ist February, 1867. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie 1866, No. 12. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Vol. LXIV. Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. ‘ 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Socrety. 73 Hewitson’s Exotic Butterflies, part 61. Grimm ’s Deutsches Worterbuch, Band V, Liefe. V. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, No. 110, Feby. 1867. Journal des Savants, J anuary 1867. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, No. 89. Notices et Extraits des Manuscripts de la Bibliothéque Impériale et autres Bibliothéques, Vol. XX, Nos. 1 and 2and XXI, No. 2. | Abhandlungen fiir die Kunde des Morgenlandes, herausgegeben von ) der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, Band IV. No. 5. bite 0 eee 2 ‘ ike ree Lih§ ~(pan Bares eS siemes Bacentotlehl 4 F041 ne "das ee er bode oriplgh dvi Aba me Tan Sigel hh X bua S bam E mv aoa : i: i oreo ool crests RAAT SAL: Arhnedae grit. ed ha Tine 478 as te en Helvabloe tt, genera Pe \atwoe Reni, doc tions gi aa Dae = - wo eA t tiie ‘ana td Sadi e Nate danas: ica Wis oe Rie Sraafen. Pe tm bivkste: io 3" oes | ~~ Dig pay ae orier, hy nang ‘hati Sete det, b i porches Wigan Ra all | SJBRy lie ta eae ak cai te A ene Hy oe Wa f ; a ; yn! oo end ee qe yt ae 4, site’ - : = 7 ’ 7 i be. iu yi shies. "al tag aL eee i 5 bs ic yr (te ; 4 aa — By 2 ReLUpantig eRe NRK peer ha bestia ¥ ae ay ee 7 oe auld mh ? try xa G03 Fis 2B, a ee red > b's. Mis ie be c ' Reyons atten & yoiests Ate of tie é ‘orwen Pr av Tae pa Meee ‘i : gel mar Re, a’ ‘ae ee vt) ow belie . hs Se ee ee i ee 3 ‘3 Cette , pet as r, ba a! t- An. ate 5s avr. “ - ; a hak Ae eS ‘onn bay bee) iets wa + tc ni wn oF beagriniesie- Fe ow Eien) Gc ee See ~~ . Aye it aa, be ¥ re pa q 9 , Ye: y i — ie, ay f d er; = » ‘ 7 T * i ts ri ah 22 me . we ht doy = Ai SFM te ne os 4 pas Pen ; ‘ ~ Pare! 4 ~ : Ps : 4i _ ae : a ae ees Ect borg! * Mavi ey, sears bt Sy, pee = ae sia ‘ile teas Mpa Lick Sim waht Bie acta’ aap at ‘is Tay etre arse i te tl ie WEAK ere hh) ay > yaar ele ye” +. aie i y 4 — PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY. OF BENGAL, | For May, 1867. Pr @@® @cvee The Monthly General Meeting of the Asiatic Society of Bengal was held on Wednesday, the 1st instant, at 9 Pp. m. Dr. J. Fayrer, President, in the chair. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. Presentations were announced— 1. From the Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces :-— Six copies of a set of papers on the Central Provinces, left in manuscript by the late Rev. S. Hislop. 2. From Mr. Temple, six copies of the Central Provinces Gazetteer, P. I. The following gentlemen, proposed and seconded at thel ast meeting, were balloted for and elected as ordinary members :— Lieut. E. J. Steel. The Hon’ble F. Glover. Dr. B. N. Hyatt. Dr. E. Bonavia. Dr. S. C. Mackenzie, and J. A. B. Nelson, Esq. - The following gentlemen are candidates for ballot as Siig ea members at the next meeting :— Lieutenant J. Gregory, Deputy Commissioner, Naga Hills, pro- posed by Lieutenant J. Williamson, seconded by Dr. J. Anderson. The Right Rev. Dr. Milman, Lord Bishop of Calcutta, proposed by the Ven’ble Archdeacon J. H. Pratt, seconded by the Hon’ ble C.B, Trevor. 76 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ May, William Duthoits, Esq. C.8., proposed by the Hon’ble G. Camp- bell, seconded by R. Spankie, Esq. . John Middleton Scott, Esq., A.B., C.E., &c., Assistant Professor of Engineering, Presidency College, proposed by V. Ball, Hsq., seconded by M. H. Ormsby, Esq., for re-election. Babu Obhoy Churn Mullick, Roy Bahadur, Deputy Collector, proposed by Babu Gour Doss Bysack, seconded by the President. The following gentlemen have intimated their desire to withdraw their names from the Society :— W. H. Stevens, Esq. H. Leeds, Hsq., and J. H. Mathews, Esq. 8. Read the following letter from Coowar Mohendra Narain Deb. “ Sobhabazar, Rajbaree, 23rd April, 1867. ““ To the Secretary to the Asiatic Society. “Dzar Srr,—With feelings of the deepest sorrow, I beg to announce to you the melancholy intelligence of the death of my father Raja Sir Radhakanta Bahadur, K.C.8.I. Atelegram from Brindabana vid Muthra, dated the 20th instant, has brought the heart-rending news that the Raja breathed his last at noon on the 19th instant. The information I have as yet received regarding his last illness is imperfect,” In moving the following resolution on part of the Council, the President said— ‘¢ GENTLEMEN,—Since our last meeting we have received the melan- choly intelligence of the death of one of our most distinguished members. On the 19th of last month, Rajé Sir Radhakanta Deva Bahadur, a Knight of the Star of India, an oriental scholar of the highest attainments, and a leader of all that was enlightened and distinguished in native society in Bengal, died at the advanced age of 85 years, at the ancient city of Brindabana where (as I am in- formed) he had retired, to pass some portion of the close of his long and useful life in repose and meditation. The loss of this dis- -tinguished man, who was so highly revered throughout Bengal, is lamented not only by his relatives and countrymen generally, but by this Society and by many European friends, who had learned not 1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. v7 only to admire the erudition of the great oriental scholar, but to respect the perfect character of the Bengali gentleman. “‘T feel quite incompetent to do justice to the many virtues of one who was so universally respected, never having had the advantage of his personal acquaintance ; but it is not the less incumbent on me, representing for the occasion the Asiatic Society of Bengal, to bear its testimony to the exalted merits of the great and good man whose loss, as aw honorary member, we have now to deplore. I therefore beg to propose the following resolution on the part of the Council of the Asiatic Society :— “That this meeting desires to record an expression of its deep and sincere regret at the death of the Raja, Sir Radhakanta Deva Bahadur, K. C. S. IL, an accomplished and distinguished scholar, whose eminent services to the cause of oriental literature during half a century, were, in March 1855, especially acknowledged by his elec- tion as an honorary member of the Society.” Babu Rajendralala Mitra, in seconding the resolution, said, “ It is a source of great satisfaction to me to find that the Council has recommended to the favourable notice of the Society the resolution which you have moved, to commemorate the services of a countryman of mine, and one whom I had the privilege to call a friend for the last five and twenty years. It isin every way worthy of this, the oldest Asiatic Society, which was the first to lay open the store- house of the Oriental classics to the scholars of Europe, and it is worthy of the great man to whose memory it is devoted. Raja Radhakanta is no more ; he is gone to an unknown region of spirits, where human praise can be of no avail to him; but we do well to express our respect for scholars who, like him, have laboured long and successfully in the field of Indian literature. It is a premium on merit which is sure to promote the object of this Society. “ The literary life of Raj4 Radhakanta extends over a period of sixty years. He was bornin the year 1784, and early evinced a strong love of reading and of knowledge, and care was taken by his worthy father to provide for him an education befitting his high rank and social position. According to the custom of the time, his first atten- tion was drawn to the Persian and Arabic languages ; but he subse-. quently studied most thoroughly the Sanskrit, the English and the 78 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ May, vernaculars,—Hindi, Urdu, and Bengali. His ancestors were noted for their devotion to the British nation under which they had lived and thrived ; and, following their footsteps, he attached himself to some of the leading Englishmen of his time, whose example exercised the most salutary influence on his whole life. Among them were Cole- brooke, Wilson and David Hare, who had formed a Society for the extension of school education in this country, and he was appointed its Honorary Secretary. In this capacity he felt the want of good school books, and at once set himself to supply the desideratum. The Primers and Readers which he then compiled were the first of the kind in our language, and they have been the model upon which all others have subsequently been formed. The want of education for our females also attracted his notice at this time; and in the language of the late Hon’ble Mr. Bethune, to him ‘belongs the credit of being the first native of India, who, in modern times, has pointed out the folly and wickedness of allowing women to grow up in utter ignorance.’ A number of schools, both for boys and girls, were established under his care, and the little pupils used an- nually to assemble in his palatial residence at Shobhabdzdér to pass: examinations and receive prizes. Indeed, what he did in those days in Bengal for female education, has never been attempted since. He was also instrumental, in conjunction with the late Sir Edward Hyde Kast, in the establishment of the Hindu College, which has done so much for the social, moral and intellectual advancement of the people of this country. He was appointed one of the governors of the Institution, and in that capacity took a deep interest in its wel- fare for near forty years. Although not born a Kulin, and therefore not of the aristocracy of the country according to Indian notions, his alliance by marriage, and the office which his grandfather held in the time of Lord Clive, as the head of the Jdtimdlé Kdchari or the Court for the settlement of disputes regarding caste, gave him great influence among his countrymen, and for thirty years he held the leadership of the Hindus of Bengal. Gentle, frank and affable by nature,.and possessed of excellent address, he won the good will and admiration of all who came in contact with him, and never created an enemy. Sir Lawrence Peel, Chief Justice of the late Supreme Court, used to say of him that ‘ he was a pattern of gentlemanliness which we would all do well to imitate.’ | 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 79 “He was a Hindu, and lived and died in firm faith in his Maker as taught in the religion of his forefathers. This may have made him appear as an obstructive in the way of those of his countrymen who yearned for speedy reformation in matters relating to religion and caste ; but he never opposed any measure with the bigotry of a partizan, and if sincerity be a virtue, he had it to perfection. “Tt is, however, not by reference to his social and moral qualities that I wish to support his claim to our respect. It is as the author of the great Sanskrit Encyclopedia, the Sabdakalpadruma, that he distinguished himself most, and claims our regard. In bulk that work extends to eight folio volumes of about a thousand pages each, and it took up the best portion of the Raja’s life for its completion. When Ferdusi completed his Shahnamah, he said: Bast sdl burdam basar nam ran, ‘for thirty years have I borne labours innumerable to complete my work.’ But Ferdusi was born in poverty, and depended on his song for his bread; Rajé Radhakanta was the son of one of the richest men inthe town, and was surrounded by wealth and luxury onevery side. He had, therefore, to overcome the in- fluence which great wealth, high position, and want of official occu- pation exercise on young men just entering life in this country. But he possessed a strength of mind not unequal to the task he had set before him, and he devoted near forty years of his life in compiling his great work. In Europe where all works of reference are easily procured and in print, and every assistance is at hand, such a lexicon as the Sabdakalpadruma would have secured the highest honours to its author. In India fifty years ago no such advantages were avail- able ; the Raja had to collect his materials from the most inaccessible sources ; he had to pore over musty manuscripts and illegible scribblings on palm leaves, which alone contained his text, and he had to become his own type-founder, printer, and press-reader, before he could send forth a single page of his work to the public. The labour he had to undergo in these occupations was immense, and that it bore good fruit is evident from the manner in which it was received by scholars in Europe, and the honours which were showered on him by princes and learned bodies to mark their high sense of its value. The Czar of Russia and the King of Denmark sent him medals, and the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburgh, the Royal Academy of 80 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. : [ May, Berlin, the Kaiserliche Academie of Vienna, the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, the Société Asiatique of Paris, the Oriental Societies of Germany and North America, and the Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries sent him their diplomas, and elected him their honorary or corresponding member ; and last, though not least, our own Gracious Sovereign bestowed on him the Star of India in recognition of his exalted merits. The Raja is now dead, but, to quote an American orator, ‘‘ Death has not surprised us by an unseasonable blow. It has cast its shroud only over mature years, over long protracted literary service, and over life when the ends of living had been accomplished.” But the great work of the Raja remains, and as long as a taste for Sanskrit literature shall endure, so long we may confidently say, monwmenta manebunt.” 5. The Council reported that they have adopted the following report of the Philological Committee recommending to introduce the Jonesian System of transliteration in spelling oriental names in the Society’s Journal and Proceedings :— “The Philological Committee of the Asiatic Society, having taken into consideration a proposition of Babu Rajendralala Mitra, referred to them by the Council, for the adoption of a uniform system for the romanising of oriental words in the Journal, beg to report that it is highly desirable that the system recommended—that of Sir William Jones as modified by Professor H. H. Wilson—should be adopted. . “‘ They are of opinion, however, that before enforcing it as regards contributions to the Journal, it would be well to print a Key to the system, and to circulate it for the information and use of contributors. “* As regards the linguistic vocabularies, the Committee recommend that those that have been already received, should be returned to their authors with a copy of the Key to have them revised and put into one uniform system of spelling ; and all future contributions of the kind should be treated in the same way. ‘Copies of the Key should also be sent to Government, with a re- quest that they may circulate them among those who have been called upon to co-operate in carrying out the proposed ethnological con- gess. 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 81 “Further, with a view to get the system generally adopted, the Council should place itself/in communication with the Punjab and the Nagpur branches of the Society, as also with the Bombay and the Madras Branches of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, and ask their opinion and co-operation. “‘ By order of the Committee, ** RAJENDRALALA Mirra, “ Secy. Phil. Comtee. Asiatic Society.” Astatic Socrety’s Rooms, 27th March, 1867. The Council recommended the election of H. B. Medlicott, Esq., F. G. §., in place of Colonel J. E. Gastrell, as member of the Council and Honorary Treasurer of the Society ;—of M. H. Ormsby, Hsq., LL. B: C. E., in place of H. F. Blanford, Esq., as a member and Honorary Secretary ;—and of Mr. Justice Phear and Coowar Harendra Krishna, in place of the Hon’ble G. Campbell and Dr. T. Oldham, as members of their body. The receipt of the following communication was announced :— From F. Hill, Esq. C. EH. on the newly invented steam engine of Mr. R. W. Thompson. At the request of the President, Babu Gour Doss Bysack read his paper on the antiquities of Bagarhat of which the following is an abstract :— | The village of Bagarhat is situated 30 miles to the N. E. of ‘Khulneah in Jessore. . Four hundred and fifty years ago it was the seat of acollectorate or tehsildari, at the head of which was one _ Khan Jehén a Pathén nobleman of distinction. He greatly im- _ proved the place and erected many stately edifices, of which only two now remain, a tomb and a mosque. The former is a brick building 48 feet square and surmounted by a magnificent dome. The floor of the chamber is inlaid with encaustic tiles, and the gravestone—a large slab of Jeypur marble—bears date A. D. 1458. Close by it is a small grave which holds the mortal remains of one Pir Ally, a convert to Mahomedanism, who out-casted certain brahmins whose descendants are to this day known by the name oi Pirallis. Close by this tomb there is a large tank, containing a number of tame crocodiles, whose blessings are sought by thousands 82 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ May, of sick and childless people every year. Three miles to the south of the tomb, stands a large mosque called the Sdtgumbaj or ‘‘ the mosque of 60 domes.” It is an oblong building, 144 feet by 96 feet, having sixty pillars of brick and stone and 77 domes on the roof. The floor is paved with encaustic tiles. At the end of the paper there is short account of a curious physical phenomenon, being a series of sounds as of distant guns which are heard at Bagarhat and all along the mouth of the Gangetic delta to Bakergunge. After storms and during calms the sounds are said to be the loudest. Some suppose it to be the result of the surf breaking with force on a low beech, but the Babu believes it to proceed from some subterranean cause. At the request of the President Mr. Hill read his paper. Proposed by Dr. Partridge and unanimously carried, that the thanks of the Seciety be given to Babu Gour Doss Bysack and Mr, © HE, Liprary. The following additions were made to the Library since the meeting held in May :— Presentations. ** The names of Donors in Capitals. Durjana Kari Panchaénana by Rangachari Swami.—BAsu Rasenpra LAta Mrrra. Report of the Government Charitable Dispensaries of Bengal for the year 1865.—Tur Govt. or Beneat. “elections from the records of the Government of the N. W. P. New Series Vol. II].—Tue Govr. or tue N. W. P. The Rahasya Sandarbha, Vol. IV. No. 88.—THr Catcurta Scuoot Boox Socrery. Social Science for India, a paper read before the Oudh Scientific Association, by Syud Shurfooddeen—Tuz Ovps Scrmntiric Asso- CIATION, Bulletin de la Société de Géographie of Paris, for February 1867.— Tue Society. ‘an Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Paleontologia Indica, — Vol. V. parts 1-4.—Tuer Surr. or tHe Grou. Survey, Purchases. The Indian Medical Gazette, Vol. II, Nos, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1867. | Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 83 Comptes Rendus, Vol. LXIV. Nos. 6 and 7. Revue et Magasin De Zoologie, 1867, No. 1. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Vol. XIX. No 3. The Ibis, Vol. III. No 9, New Series. Revue des Deux Mondes, 15th February, 1867. Reise der Oesterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde, in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859, unter den. Befehlen des Commodore B. von Willerstorf-Urbair, Zoonogiscuer Turin: Fische, 1 and 2 Abtheilung, by Dr. Rudolf Kner. Amphibien, by Dr. Franz Steindachner, 1 Band. Vogel, by Dr. August von Pelzeln, 1 Band. Formicidae, by Dr. Gustav L. Mayr. Hemipteren, by Dr. Gustav L, Mayr. Neuropteren, by F. Brauer. Lepidopteren, by Dr. C. Felder and R. Felder. Gxrotoeiscuer Tuett, by Dr. F. Hochstetter and Dr. M. Hornes, Vol. I. Parts 1 and 2. SravistiscH-CoMMERCIELLER Tuetn, by Dr. K. Scherzer, 2 Vols. Mepiziniscuzr Tur, by Dr. EH. Schwarz, Vol. I. Les Polynésiens et leurs Migrations, by M. De Quatrefages. Dei Molluschi Raccolti dalla Missione Italiana in Persia. Catalogue Général de la Librairie Frangaise pendant 25 Ans. (1840—1865) By O. Lorenz. Liv I, I, III. Die Persischen Handschriften der K. Hof-und Staatsbibliothek in Miinchen, by J. Aumer. Die Arabischen Handschriften der K. Hof-und Staatsbibliothek in Minchen by J. Aumer. Die Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien. Nach Amtlichen Quellen. Zweiter Band. Révolutions et Migrations des Peuples de la Haute Asie, by A. Jardot. Das Miinz-, Mass-, und Gewichtswesen in Vorderasien bis auf Alexander den Grossen, von J. Brandis. Captain Beddome’s Ferns of British India, Part XV. | ; ted etiaael ‘ a ard eer y) h s¥t ot. evtao Li le £ _ 2 fae tt 7 » Lal : . ~ MS ™s, — ar i, tS ~ rs H tiny ba) ea f bod bbb de au Salle ia a Ld pak ree 4) Wha re Rit ‘eae oS Sg - y ] Ae i eee. ee a * nr y eas * 1m 1 Poa ' * we ei % rr t ng 7 ; ; . d § mT) ; we 2 # Shale ' ™ iy" 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, For June, 1867. >> @@ @ee~ The Monthly General Meeting of the Asiatic Society of Bengal was held on Wednesday, the 5th instant, at 9 Pp. m. Dr. J. Ewart, in the chair. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.. Presentations were announced— 1. From the Editor, the first Volume of the “ Pandit.” 2. From the Koéniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissen- schaften, I. Abhandlungen, 1865. 8. From the Government of Bombay, through Dr. R..L. Playfair, a copy of the ‘‘ Fishes of Zanzibar.”’ 4. From Lieutenant-Colonel B. Ford, Superintendent, Port Blair, Specimens of a Pulgoria candelaria and a Phyllium Succrgia, and the O Skull of a Dugong. 5. The following gentlemen, proposed and duly seconded at the last meeting, were balloted for and elected as ordinary members. The Right Rev. Dr. Milman, Lord Bishop of Calcutta.. Lieutenant J. Gregory. W. Duthoits, Esq., C. S, J. M. Scott, Hsq., C. H. Babu Obhoy Churn Mullick. 6. The following gentlemen were candidates for election at the July meeting. | C. A. Hackett, Hsq:, A. R. S. M., Geological Survey of India, proposed by Mr. Ball, and seconded by Mr. Ormsby. Dr. C. Macnamara, proposed by the President, and seconded by Mcr.. Ormsby. 86 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ June, N. A. Belletty, Esq., Civil Assistant, Topographical Survey of India, proposed by Captain H. H. G. Austen, and seconded by Mr. Grote. Dr. J. J. Wood, officiating Garrison Assistant Surgeon, Fort William, proposed by Dr. Ewart, and seconded by Dr. Partridge. The Council reported that they have elected the following gentle- men to fill up vacancies in the several Committees. In the Library Committee,—H. B. Medlicott, Esq., and Cumar Harendra Krishna Deva. In the Natural History Committee,—H. B. Medlicott, Esq., V. Ball, Esq., Dr. J. Ewart, and, Mr. Justice Norman. | In the Statistical Committee,—Mr, Justice Phear. In the Linguistic Section of the LHthnological Committee,— Mr. Justice Markby. A letter was read from Lieutenant-Colonel H. Tahany intimating his desire to withdraw his name from the Society. Letters were read— 7. From the Director of Public Instruction, forwarding a copy of Mr. Cowell’s Report on the Toles of Nuddea. No. 1547. From the Director of Public Instruction, To the Secretary of the Asiatic Society. Dated Fort William, 9th April, 1867. Srr,—-I have the honor to forward herewith, for the information of — the Asiatic Society, a copy of a report on the Sanskrit Toles of Nuddea : by Mr. E. B. Cowell, late Principal of the Sanskrit College. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your most obedient Servant, W. S. Arxkinson, Director of Public Instruction. From K. B. Cowstr, Esq., late Principal, Sanskrit College, Calcutta, to W.S. Arxinson, Lsq., Director of Public Instruction,—(dated — the 19th January, 1867.) | Sir,—I have the honor to forward you my Nuddea Report. As I have added at the end some remarks on its necessary defects and the causes of my long delay in sending it, I need not repeat them here. 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 87 _ I may add that the report would have been finished before I left ‘India, if my time had not been occupied by some communications about the Madrassah, which took off my thoughts from the report. - [hope the report will be of some use, as itis. I wish I could return for a month to Nuddea, to make it better. From K. B. Cowrun, Hsq., late Principal of the Sanskrit College, _ to W. 8. Arxinson, Lsq., Director of Public Instruction,—dated the 17th January, 1867. Sir,—I have the honor to forward to you the following report of my visit, in 1864, to the Toles of Nuddea :— In accordance with your instructions I proceeded thither with Mr. Woodrow, and we were accompanied by Pandit Mahesa Chandra Nyayaratna, one of the Professors of the Sanskrit College, with whom I have for some years studied Nydya, and-to whose wide attainments in Hindu philosophy, as well as general ability and learn- ing, I can testify from personal knowledge in the highest degree. We left Calcutta on Monday the 29th of February, and made Krishnagur our head quarters, whence we made daily excursions to Nuddea, which is about ten miles distant. I must not omit to mention that We received much attention from the Maharaja of Nuddea, who held a quast durbar of Pandits, which enabled us to make the acquaintance of many who did not reside in Nuddea itself. I returned to Calcutta on the 8th of March. : The word Tole (cbt#) is a Bengali word of uncertain derivation ; but there are at least two Sanskrit words for the thing itself, chatush- pdthi, 2. e., a place where the four vedas are studied, and matha. _ The former does not seem to be an ancient word, as I do not find any authority for it in the St. Petersburg Sanskrit Dictionary, except the Sabda Kalpa Drama of Rajah Radha Kanta Deva; but matha is an old word and occurs at least as far back as the Amara Kosha. The institution is curious and interesting, as being undoubtedly a remnant of old times. It represents, in fact, the same state of feeling in ancient India as that which we find in ancient Greece, and which So continually comes up in Plato’s controversies with the Sophists or paid Professors of his day, viz., the popular prejudice against receiving mercenary reward for the communication of knowledge. The Pandit of a tole should properly not only instruct his pupils gratuitously, 88 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ JUNE, but he should also provide them with food, clothing and lodging, during their stay under his teaching. He himself is to be remunerated. indirectly by the invitations and presents which celebrity as a teacher would ensure his receiving at the religious ceremonies of the neigh- bouring zemindars. Thus my own visit was delayed some weeks in consequence of all the principal Pandits of Nuddea being absent, as they had gone to attend the craddha of the late Rajah of Cooch Behar. The tole system of Nuddea has, however, degenerated in this as in other respects. The Pandits of most toles in other districts still lodge and feed their pupils; but those of Nuddea, with very few exceptions, have been able to break through this custom. They now only supply their pupils with lodging, the reputation of Nuddea no doubt enabling them to attract students from other toles in spite of the greater inducements which the latter offer. The chief studies of Nuddea are Smriti and Nydya. It is the latter, especially, for which its name is celebrated all over India. Other provinces have their own peculiar schools of law, and Nuddea, therefore, can generally only attract students of Bengal to its Smriti toles; but in logic it has an unrivalled reputation. Chaitanya, the celebrated reviver of the mystic worship of Krishna at the close of the 15th century, was a native of this place; and it has produced a suc- cession of great Naiyayika teachers, whose names are household words in every Pandit family in India. In fact the name of Nuddea is associated with the latest development of the Nydya philosophy. The ancient Sutras or Aphorisms of Gotama do not represent the modern logic of India; and although the recent school may have added little or nothing to the real discoveries of the Hindu Aristotle, they have undoubtedly elaborated a most refined system of logomachy, far surpassing in subtilty and ingenuity all the scholastic disputations of medizval Hurope. One of the most celebrated medieval logicians was Gangeca Upa- dhyaya of Mithila, who wrote a large treatise, called the Chintdmanz, in four sections on the four Naiyéyika pramdazas or sources of know- ledge, 7. €., perception, inference, comparison, and testimony. It is this work which has furnished the text to the modern Nuddea school. Its most renowned members are the following. 1. Raghunatha Giromani, who wrote a commentary on the first two sections of the Chintamani, This is called the Didhiti. 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 89 2. Mathura Natha Tarkavégica, who wrote a gloss on the Didhiti and also an original comment on Gangega. 3. Jagadica Tarkélankara, who also wrote a commentary on part of the Didhiti as well as many other works, especially a very celebrated treatise on logic and grammar, called the cabda-cakti-praka¢ika. 4, Gad&dhara Bhattacharya, who wrote a commentary on the Didhiti and a series of works, such as the Vishayaté-vadartha, &c., on the abstrusest mysteries of the modern logic. 5. Cankara Tarkavagiga, who wrote a commentary called Patrika, on the harder passages of Mathura Natha, Jagadica, and Gadadhara. He seems to have flourished about sixty or seventy years ago: and it is he who is said to have brought to its height the present vicious system of disputatious logomachy which prevails in Nuddea. A tole is generally a mere collection of mud hovels round a qua- drangle, in which the students live in the most primitive manner possible. The Pandit does not reside with them, but comes to teach them on the lawful days. Hach student has his own hut, with his brass waterpot and mat, and few have any other furniture. Most make their own copies of the books they use, and a large part of the year is vacation, during which they wander over the surrounding country on begging expeditions; but during the reading months much hard mental labour is undoubtedly gone through. On one side of the quadrangle there is a “ lecture hall,” usually on a raised plat- form, some three feet from the ground ; it is open on one side, and just sheltered on the other three from the rain and wind. In some toles it is only a thatched shed; in others it is a little more elaborate. Only one tole in Nuddea can boast of any external adornment. This is the tole of Pandit Prasanna Chandra Tarkaratna. It was built for him by a Babi of Lucknow, and is really an elegant building, occu- pying about a beegah and ahalf of land. The quadrangle inside is about thirty yards square and contains thirty rooms for the students. The rooms are generally about nine feet long and eight wide, with a window and door; the corner rooms are rather larger. More than half of one side is given up to a lecture hall or ddldn. This stands on a platform raised some five feet from the ground; it has two apartments, each about thirty-three feet in length, the outer is ten, the inner twelve feet wide’; and the front is supported by six pillars 50 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jung, which produce a very good effect. The other toles have no architec- tural display whatever. Everything is of a more than Spartan simplicity ; and one cannot help honouring the zeal for knowledge, however misdirected the zeal or useless the knowledge, which leads so many students, generation after generation, to devote themselves to such monastic privations and hardships. The love of fame is, no doubt, the motive with many. The fact of having studied at Na- badwipa and gained an upddhz there, will ensure respect for a Pandit in every part of India, from Lahore to Travancore. But there are some who are led by less worldly motives. These come to study Nyaya, as students came to the University of Paris in the middle ages, and one can hardly fail to be reminded of Chaucer’s lines about— * The clerk of-Oxenforde also That unto logik hadde long ygo; As lene was his horse as is a rake, And he was not right fat, I undertake. And able that he was a philosophre, Yet hadde he but litel gold in cofre.” I could not help looking at those unpretending lecture halls with a deep interest, as I thought of the Pandits lecturing there to genera- tion after generation of eager inquisitive minds. Seated on the floor with his ‘ corona’ of listening pupils round him, the teacher expatia- tes on those refinements of infinitesimal logic which make a Euro- pean’s brain dizzy to think of, but whose labyrinth a trained Nuddea student will thread with unfaltering precision. I noticed during my visit middle-aged and even grayhaired men among the students of the celebrated toles, and some of these had come from such widely different homes as Lahore, Pooree, and the Tamil country. I visited every tole in Nuddea, and examined every one with my Pandit more or less thoroughly. The following is a list; but the number of the students is probably not wholly accurate, as of course no register of attendance is kept, and it was not easy to decide whether absent students were really to be counted on the rolls or not. — Professor Wilson found from 500 to 600 pupils at the time of his visit in 1829, the number is now less than 150. Part of the decrease may no doubt be attributed to the prevalence of the epidemic which has driven many away, and prevented others from 1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 91 coming; but there are other and permanent causes at work for the overthrow of the scholastic glory of Nuddea. | Smrite. 1. The tole of Brajandth Vidydratna. Here there were seventeen students, four from the districts round Nuddea (degéya,) and thirteen from other parts of Bengal (bidecgz.) Those from Bengal came from - Dacca, Rungpore, Dinajpore, Jessore, Rajshahi, and Pubna. 2. That of Rémndth Tarkasiddhdnta. Here there were ten bidegé and five degiya students, The former came from Jessore, Khunla near Dacca, Dacca, Tripur, and Burisal. 3. That of Madhusudan Nydyaratna, the brother of Hara Mohan Chudémani. Here there were three degiya and seven bideg? students, _ the latter from Jessore and Burisal. _ 4. That of Hariddésa Giromani. Here there were four students, two from the neighbouring district and two from Dacea. 5. That of Gib Nath Bidydbdchaspati. Here there were four students, two of whom came from Midnapore and one from Jessore ; the fourth was a native of the Nuddea District. 6. That of Prasanna Cimdr Vidydratna, brother of the deceased Cri Ram Tarkaratna. Here there were fourteen students, twelve of whom were bidegi, 2. e., as coming from Burisal, Dacca, and Chitta- gong.”** Nydya. 1. That of the two brothers, Hara Mohan Chuddémani and Bhuvan- —mohan Vidydratna, and their uncle, Raghtimant Vidydbhushan. _ Here there were twenty-one students, four degfya and seventeen bidegt,—the latter from Furreedpore, Burisal, Dacca, Midnapore, _ dessore, Mithila, and one even from Nepal. 2. That of Prasanna Chandra Tarkaratna. Here there were eighteen students, fourteen of whom were bidegé, 7. e., six from Mithi- la, five from Delhi and Lahore, two from Pooree and one from the Tamil country. 8. That of Madhava Chandra Tarkasiddhdnta. Were there were sixteen students, eight of whom were bidecz, ¢. e., four from Bakla near Comilla, two from Dinajpore, and two from Jessore. * His pupils were quite middle-aged and some greyheaded. They wished to read with him, though a young man of twenty-five, as he belonged to a family long renowned as Smarta Pandits, 92 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ June, 4, That of Hart Nath Tdrkasiddhdnta. Here there were thirteen students, ten of whom were bidecé, 7. e., five from Midnapore, four from Mithila, and one from Nepal. 5. That of Krishna Kdanta Curoratna. Here there were two students, both from Jessore. 6. That of Brahmagrama Swdmi, a dandi Goswami. He had lately had seven students, but only one was with him at the time of my visit. His former house was destroyed by an in- undation of the river. Before him it had been occupied by a very celebrated dandz named Swayam Prakaga ; and tradition reports that it was at that house that the once projected College of Nuddea was to have been established. Thus at the time of my visit I found only twelve toles. Professor Wilson in 1829 appears to have found twenty-five ! Besides these regular toles, there is also an udasin or ascetic re- cluse from Pooree, named Kagi Nath Castri, who teaches Vedanta to the students of other toles :— The following are some of the celebrated pandits in Nuddea without toles. 1. Lal Mohan Vidyabhushan. 2. Nanda Kumér Vidydébhushan. These two are very learned ia Smriti. The following are profounlly versed in Nyaya :— 3. Uméacharan Tarkaratna, Rajndréyana Nyéyabhushan. Nilmani Sarvabhauma. Surya Kanta Vidyalankar. Raghumani Tarkapanchanan. Uma Kanta Nyayaratna. pee Tt Purushottam Nyayaratna. Of « course there are also many toles in the villages round Nuddea, these I did not visit; but I particularly heard of that of Lakshmi Kanta Nyayabhushan, the purohit or family priest of the Maharajah. He teaches Smriti at Barigachhi, about ten miles to the north of Nuddea. I also heard a good deal of the Nyaya tole of Prasanna Chandra Nydyaratna at Belpokhar, three kroses north of Nuddea. This Pandit was one of the six who signed the petition to the 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 93 Lieutenant-Governor, the other five being, I believe, Nuddea Pandits. He told me that he had twenty-two students, eleven dectya and eleven bidegé from Mithilé, Burdwan and Delhi. The Smri#i students are said generally to study at a tole for eight years, the Nydya for ten years.* All toles are closed for ten days in each-month, 7. e., on the Ist (pratipada), the 8th (ashtamz), 13th (trayodagr) 14th (chaturdact) and 15th pawrnamast) of each paksha or fortnight, beside two weeks for the Saraswatee pooja and occasionally for other parvas. In Nydyatoles they close from Ratha to Fdsa, 2. e., from Ashadha to Kartika (five months), In Smriti toles they close for three months, from Bhadra to Kartika. But of course the studies are liable to irregular interruptions when the Pandits receive invitations from the zemindars. During the vacations the students go on begging expeditions (much as Hindoo and Buddhist ascetics have been famed for doing from immemorial times), or they return to their homes. The studies at the Nuddea toles are chiefly confined to the follow-~ ing works, or parts of works, on logic and law :— The chief works read in Nydya or Logic are, besides the well known standard works, the Bhasha-parichchheda and its commentary the Siddhénta Muktavali. 1. For Vydpti or the doctrine of the syllogism (comprising also the endless subtleties on pakshatd, or the conditions and rules rela- ting to the minor term in its connection with the major term and. the middle), the commentaries on the Didhiti by Mathuranatha, Jagadica and Gadadhara. 2. For hetwabhasa or the fallacies, the commentaries of Jagadica and Gadadhara. 3. For Sdémdnyalakshana jndna (one of the most abstruse dis- cussions of Hindu logic, referring to the transcendental perception, by which the mind, as it were, seizes the class in the individual, or, more properly, sees all the individuals under the one now present to the eye), the commentary of Jagadic¢a. 4, The Kusumanjali, or the celebrated attempt of Udayana * Of course but for the continued interruptions the course of study could be finished in half the time, 94. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Junn, Acharya to establish on Naiyayik arguments the existence of the Supreme Being.* 5. The Qabda cakti prakagika of Jagadica. The chief works on Law or Smriti are— 1. Parts of Raghunandana’s Ashtavingati Tattwa. 2. Dayabhaga. 3. The Craddha viveka. 4, The Prayacchitta viveka. The peculiarities of the Nuddea scholastic training may be summed up at once by a reference to that part of Bacon’s Novum Organon) which describes the system of scholastic logic still current in his day. In the 29th Aphorism of the first book he says that those sciences which are founded on opinions and arbitrary dogmas have a natural affinity to anticipation rather than to interpretation, and to the scholastic logic rather than to his proposed induction, for their object was to subdue assent, not things; to win victory in a disputation over an antagonist, not to extend man’s dominion over nature. We have here an exact account of Nuddea logic, and the class of men whom it tends to educate,—its sole end is vichdra, to win victory at a festival by clever arguments which silence the opponent for the time being. Many Pandits devote most of their attention to the purvapakshas, 7. e., those parts of the popular trea- tises which give at great length the arguments of the opposite side to the author,—it being the established rule in Hindu dialectics that every writer must present at full his opponents’ views and exhaust all that can be adduced in their favour, before he proceeds to overthrow all that has been brought forward and to establish his own opinion. These Pandits are thus enabled to stock them- selves with a store of plausible arguments to oppose a popularly received opinion, and thus to win the credit of ably supporting an apparently hopeless cause. The very form of Hindu logic necessitates * This has been edited with an English translation by the author of this Report. f The writer has heard Pundit Iswar Chunder Vidyasagar relate how he first conceived his disgust at the native Nyd4ya, when as a student he once spent a week of hard labour to master some abstruse opinion, which day after day was elucidated and at length made clear by the teacher. When the class met the next day, the first thing they heard was, “ now this view is only the pwrvapaksha, we must now proceed to shew that it is incorrect.” a 1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Societys 95 error,—it is so fatally bound up with technical terms, that it inevita- bly degenerates into a mere playing with words; and this tendency, which is to some extent an inherent fault in Kuropean, as well as Hindu, medieval logic, becomes exaggerated to its height in the modern Nuddea school. In three of the toles we had the students exercise themselves in a discussion; and it was very curious to watch the intense eagerness of the disputants, as well as the earnest sympathy of the surrounding students and Pandits. A successful sophism elicited a smile of ap- probation from all. The subject of one of these disputations was Sddhydbhdva or the absence of the major term. I could not follow the intricacies of the argument, but its summary was as follows ,— All accept that Sddhydbhdva means the absolute absence of fire, as, ¢. g., in a lake of water. But how is this to be understood? a.—In the sentence the lake has the total absence of fire or is totally destitute of fire; it cannot be merely meant that all fire collectively is absent, because this equally applies to a volcano, as that has indeed fire, but it is only mountainous fire and not kitchen fire. The sentence would, in fact, be useless, as it would be as true of any thing in the world as of your lake,—nothing can have all fire in it. b.—Again, as the volcano has the absence of fire and a jar, 2. e., has not fire and a jar both together, this is another way in which we might say that the same description would apply (i unlimited) to a voleano and a lake. c.—If you say the lake has Kebala-vahni-abhava, 7. ¢., has the absence of fire alone, this gives rise to a quibble on the meaning of ‘alone.’ Thisis met by defining it, as “it is not the absence of anything besides fire but only the absence of fire,” (a) ea TAS Ly jth ; = ee issn ean Speehies bg a Lite — _ x f ' ‘ Tle : persteee Arad BOOS oy mf “ Ma c : : Y- e . b | LA F ¢ ‘morjooT[ON ayeattg|‘Aouwg ‘“f “A ‘ap_'|seaqneygQ ey} UGC} “Jorysrp orodinqqne | ‘Soxe O[49%q o S *94[90 911048 *IOATL QR -pues uvetypura é ea é HOS JO: “ Meaog d “AOUUULG FY -Q pue o4yizqjzenb jo 3 souesqe uo sywwut | ‘9U0JSOWTT JO % ely, ‘A ‘soyout | -eze ‘d aseo ouo pus OL 0} soyour $1 ‘S98T “A'S ‘Vd yOOd 980}STYOS "op “SOXB = WO soled yjsue'T a ‘Ip ‘preqoouy, “AA ‘tT as ‘punyjepung je ‘euojsuoo1H|y1048 pue suo'T am *punoj 4suy oLOM ‘ . > sjuewmoidur 944 2 eLoyM SOT}TTVOOT = oy} aeou punojz "S wseeq savy ‘alg jo ps8) S soovsy surrveq syod 2 -wT Jo sorpryaenb A, esaey S‘sojdme, ut ‘muNSsny]L ‘Te ‘d ‘Tost ‘a's "941107 sfemye qnq sorqry |(teedmy mou) oy |y ‘qd Sm ‘QO “tomr *soopLyr fl ‘90M [JO 9UO 4 4/RS (¢ Sexe 974 -uenb yee13 ut puno,g|-eIsy ur sueumtoeds ZT |-nsey OT ‘qd ‘H “t|punor sojdmoy uy|-ary pue osodyoruepy;-egq pune dery|-yeq) sjoqoyey ye | ’ “L98T *uoIsnjoid yeors ‘adog “qd ‘°V ‘d. *{IO8 *qOTIYSIP “911038 — Uf amooo 07 preg “pr ‘HOSTIM «T° a a 109400 ey} UO pu uz|1OSneg jo qed qAynog|-pues ueAYpULA ‘om ‘SOx ; ‘OT S ‘paroyuelg’ HM AIL ‘releg Jo "m ‘S bs ‘pt epla ‘meppeay ‘TAL ‘govjins uQ|Ao][VA BvounH Weg 0gRVaV ‘OXY ra rol e ay lod io 2) —— "L981 “adog ‘OM ‘pr “E'S'V 'd “Sar AM) = “OAwIS Ur n4yIs UT hon i ‘saodez08 ‘soxy > 3 ‘9p—T ‘dd 2 ‘998T “990 ‘e0TA10g 7) pue oingeioqiy jo 2 jeumor svipeyy 38 ‘oq00,q “g “W'906 “A % ‘eset “a ev a NX ‘roded $.0400,7 ‘WRYPIO “Aq 9g ‘ese ureqy100un S “IW 7 xtpucdde ‘SULY (MM ‘MeGpIQ |jo soeyeroulopdu0o *‘lOOUIN yy ‘Aqowea yeors = 998g ‘OD ‘SOIqITROOT ‘a CO ‘9900,7 "GT “YW «fOFAogR_ ~poweqyeun ‘90,004 0VIT ul ‘Om ‘saeveds > jO savrnomyred a0jq ‘pr ‘SUSSOTT ‘TUVYP[O “AC|40 Joaeas O71109R] UT “pl "pr ‘sqoqoyey ‘soxy SS ‘ = “eIpuy Ut "L9 “d GOST Ss ms w syuemeyd ‘aS "Vy ‘q Ul. usy S -wt jo A1sAoostp "eqyqno[eg =|-pIO “iL “Aq ‘e900,7 *poq ‘oqizgrenb ‘sued S ysay oy} sem siyy|‘umMosny_ peorsojoey|'g “yy pue Sury “AA|[eaAvas of04e]_ UT ‘StIpeyy IvoNN jsmoeujiA iwoeg|-e10s pue oxy Ry ‘gf ‘SMUVWAY — oneentes dg naar a — Wouwsog *hyyno0T "10WaQvyy *MOPIDMOYO SRT DT ESE EIEN TE IT STII! 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So ey, "IOATI WOG OY A “pl ‘d ‘pleqoouL, “M “ZIT "MIMIAN][S U[|JO YJNou azvou ceyod "ayUSV “*qUOULS BLT S 60 WwW > iS “Yyeu a “LOST “dog “Moye” JO°M "S'S S "pr “PSV Ted AAW © |so[rua TT “mooyqueyy ze ct S 2 AY “pr ‘SoTSu EL AML AW a “2 *Youqooleze yy He ‘OXY "eqqno[ey “LZT “4 “GOST | “ploy [B09 Ir "spvoy uNesnpL peorsojoey|'g'S'V'd ‘ed A AW “90VJANS UO|-19oyF UL MOoyqueyy ‘oyizqren?)|reods pue oxy ‘ a “IVONGE 1867.] [Sepr. the Asiatic Society. if ings 0 Proceed 152 ‘raqueyd vai ‘XqoqyT I «oygtM suo ut. -ioods puooos W ‘seoenN AUeSUIe NT ‘LOST ‘puzz oun . eyt Sq sity ony ‘royuryd )§=|‘uneusyyy “qaeg WOIJUMOPJysnoiq |‘soaAotouIAA “aApE [yooqquy ‘f alg *o16 ‘SUOT ,O€ (¢ oxe) Geeq SAVY 0} PLEG]JO Woroo][00 eyVaUg|“V “Y ‘Pog VI - * Jo4S “9Pl ‘SITY Boe dope] “Jag oavnby “eqqnoleVy "O4RIS ‘UNOSN]T [VOLSO[Oey|"94001[poy “| ‘HH “AT ‘eoRyINS Jopuy *YINS01qo( Snosde][LoLW *sodedog e) “WVSSV eee “L981 “ydog ‘gouvpunge yeois “TOV d‘psojuvlg ur ano00 Of preg War See "HMA, 101g “gag ‘90BjANS UO "20103 “6 6“ "Op “ad ‘L981 “wer “Sey [BOLSO[OND) pure ‘sep “d ‘99st “920 ‘Oey [BoLso[ooy ‘suBAq “AT pue MOTUOMT, ‘“TUa "IOAIL OY} JO tole “A “A "A fpeq oyy ur Z yoou “supuy ¢ WNOSN]T YStq|“MopueaMy, OC “FT|oy AMopfeq yoay gjoyz uo ezodzexLYyg FOL "S009 cor V é “fo pasodsyp "anUasafad r fi i a a moy suawrwedyg pun “asavoasuy barca | SE DMO OHE eae, “MANIOS 153 Proceedings of the Asiatic Soctety. 1867.] “‘pypuy fo haaumy yworbopooy “VW “gf “TIVE ‘A : re eae te, > an “oe ‘d | | *onot . ‘ost “A'S CV" pues yoous sai 7 oa ae yqog syoyoyey, “PUBIST OY | “Worpojoo oywa | *jog-"4r]*boereme/) ; Pe pmb jo syed {je ut punog|-t1d stotoaoosip Uy|uoA sepuny “Af é ‘mojeseg Jo soutAodg é Sees iat S eck te | eo © See bee oe Ses ie Rie Se 2S ee ee ea ee eee Seer ees Fe : i j (g some) ees cee eccove ecocse ooo sce ooo nee ouojs punoy ‘908 “d “ggsT , “7 ‘AS “WV ‘d OS[B ° | “qt1oUr cog gz "d ‘ZOsT _— -duvous 9ajeu RS :' gly “a “LUO a ee a “UINOSL ge ae ‘PreqoouL “M “TIL "qUOUL : (s 2 ‘SNVNVONV ‘soodni 0G i se yonur se 4soo | ‘ipemery jo Aayyea sourjemos Ady], - zoddn ut 4uep ‘ourOrpour 8e WET} -unqe dof, “Nseg eztd pue ‘szjoq “9ZT ‘d *G98T ur eworg AMOTeq, -lepunty, 10 ovboyy *e4qNO[VO a ‘S‘V'q “sung jou pus Y[eunng¢ *94vIS eseyy [Vo esowung|‘uMesnyy [eVoLsopoep|‘preqooy, “AM ~W 4 ysiyiig Ul eorvog pat pue quoyo|‘sexe y soduiog 8) ‘HVWYOd . , " —_ : - ae “ 154 Proceedings cf the Asiatic Society. [Sepr. LIBRARY. The following additions were made to the Library, since the Meeting held in August, 1867. *,* The names of Donors are in capitals. Presentations, Mittheilungen der Kaiserlich-Kéniglichen Geographischen Gesell- schaft VIII. Jahrgang 1864 Heft I1—Tuz K. K. Grograpuiscue GESELLSCHAFT. Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich-Kéniglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt. Jahrgang 1866 XVI. Band, Nos. 2 and 3.—Tuz K. K. Gzonogiscue © REICHSANSTALT. Indische Studien, Vol. X. No. I.—Prorrssor A. WEBER. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften — Math.-Nat. Classe Band, LIV. Hefte I to I1V.—Tuz K. Axaprmte DER WISSENSCHAFTEN IN WIEN. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der, Wissenschaften Phil.-Hist. Classe Band, LIII. Heite I to I1.—Tux K. Axapemim DER WISSENSCHAFTEN IN WIEN. Fontes Rerum Austriacarum: MHerausgegeben von der Histo- rischen Commission der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Bende, XXV. XXVI. Abth, I] —Tue K. A. per Wissen- SCHAFTEN IN WIEN. Archive fir Osterreichische Geschichte. Herausgegeben von der zur Pflege vaterlindischen Geschichte aufgestellten Commission der K.— A. der Wissenschaften. Band, XXXVI. halfle, I1—Tue K. A. per WIsSENSCHAFTEN IN WIEN. Neérlands Streven tot ey van Japan voor den Wereld- handel, by Mr. J. A. von der Chijs—Tue KonixiK Instrrvvr voor DE T'aat-Lanp EN VoLKENKUNDE VAN NepERLAND-cH Inprk. Bijdragen tot de Taal-Land en Volkenkunde von Nederlandsch Indié Herste deel—3 and 4 Stuk.—Tue K. Ingrirvvr. v. pe Taat- LAND-EN VOLKENKUNDE. v. NepreRianscu INDIE. | Journal Asiatique, No. 33, 1867.—Tuex Socm’re’ Astatrqus, Paris, Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. XV. No. 93 —Tur Royan — Socrery or Lonpon. | Actes de L’Acadimie Impériale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 155 Arts de Bordeaux, 29th Année, 1867.—Tur ImprRiaty AcADEMIE or Borpravx. Indische Alterthumskunde, by C. Lassen, Vol. I, Part I1—Tue AUTHOR. Die Papageien monographisch bearbeitet, by O. Finsch, Band IL— Tue AvutHor. Atlas der Hautkrankheiten, Lief, VI. 12, Tafn.—Tne K. A. D. WIssENSCHAFTEN IN. WIEN, Selections from the records of the Bombay Government, No. C. IV. —Tue GoveRNMENT oF BENGAL. Report on the Police of the Town of Calcutta and its Suburbs for 1866.—Tue Governmert or Brnaat. Progress report of Forest Administrations in British Burmah, 1865-66.—Tuz Government or Inp1a. Professional Papers on Indian Engineering, Vol. IV. No. 16—Tue EpriTor. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. VI. pt. I.—Tuz GoveRNMENT oF Bene@at. A catalogue of Native Publications in the Bombay Presidency up to December, 1864, by. Sir A. Grant.—Tue AvurHor. Bulletin de la Société de .Géographie, Juin, 1867.—Tuz Paris GmoGRAPHICAL Society. Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg. Tome X. Feuilles 1 to 36, Tome XI. Feuilles 1 to 19.—Tux Acapr’mize Impr’RiALE pEs Screncus of St. PerersBoure. Mémoires de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg Tome X. Nos. 3 to 15,—Tue Acapr’Mie Impr’RIALE DES SCIENCES OF St. PerERsBoure. Monatsbericht der Koéniglich Preussischen Akademie de Wissens- chaiten zu Berlin, January to December, 1866.—-Tux Prusstan Aca- DEMY oF ScIENCES. 8 Copies of Auszug aus dem Monatsbericht der Kénigl. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: Nachtrag: itiber die Phonetik der Tibetischen Sprache, von H. A. Jaeschke.—Tur Avurtuor. Journal of the Statistical Society of London, June, 1867.—Tue Socrery. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlaindischen Gesselschaft. Edited by Professor L. Krehl, 22nd°Band, Hefte 1, I1—Tne Enprror. 156 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. . [Sepr. Purchases. Revue des Deux Mondes, 15 Juin, Ist July 1867. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Vol. II. No. 115. The Westminster Review, July, 1867. The Quarterly Journal of Science, July, 1867. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, No. 5, 1867. The Journal of Sacred Literature, July, 1867. Comptes Rendus, Nos. 22, 23, 24 and 25, 1867. Tables des Comptes Rendus, Tome LXIII. Lane’s Arabic and English Dictionary, B. I. pt. 3. Introduction du Buddhisme dans le Kashmir, by M. L. Feer. Revue Archéologique, January to December, 1865. Bohtlingk and Roth’s Sanskrit-Wé6rterbuch, 34 Lief. Journal des Savants, Juin, 1867. Hewitson’s Exotic Butterflies, part 63. Arago’s Popular Astronomy, Vol. II. The Wild Tribes of Malaya by the Rev. Favre. Buckle’s History of Civilization in England, 3 Vols. ie Justi’s Handbuch der Zendsprache. The Indian Medical Gazette, Vol. IL. No. 9. . Hachange. The Atheneum, for June 1867. ON IN Ik nen PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, For Novemser, 1867. ~O@ Ot A General Meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday, the 6th instant, at 9 p. um. Dr. 8. B. Partridge, Vice-President, in the chair. _ The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. Presentations were announced :— _- 1. From Colonel C. 8. Guthrie; 79 Sheets of the Ordnance Survey | maps of England. i 2. From Captain R. A. Cole; a copy of his Elementary Grammar of _ the Coorg language. | . 3. From Colonel J. T. Walker ; copies of the administration report | of the Great Trigonometrical Jeoaat of India, and of the Topographical | Survey i in the Bengal Presidency, for 1864-65 and 1865-66. 4, From Babu Kedarnath Banerjee, the publisher; a copy of Chanda- aie Ndtaka, mich sapien ae 6. From F. Cockburn, Esq.; a specimen of Sciwrus palmarum. | 7%. From J. Avdall, Esq. ; a fossil elephant tooth from Caunti. ~ 8. From John S. Harris, Esq. ; a copy of a Japanese and’ English Dictionary. 9. From Babu Jadunéth Datta, a young Crocodile. + At the invitation of Dr. Partridge, Captain Anderson introduced two Andamanese lads to the meeting. He also laid before the meeting the following correspondence detailing the objects for which the boys had | been brought to Calcutta. He had found them apt at learning the names 158 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Nov of things, and acquiring a parrot-like imitation of sounds. They had no objection to wearing clothes, but on the contrary showed an especial deSire to wear them. From Ineut-Colonel B. Forp, Superintendent, Port Blair. To Capiain T. C. Anpursgon, Barrack Master, Fort William. Dated Port Blair, 8rd August, 1867. Srr,—In accordance with your expressed desire and offer, on the occasion of your visiting this settlement some months ago, to under- take the education of any Andamanese lad, who could be induced to go to Calcutta for that purpose, I have the honor to acquaint. you that I referred the matter to Mr. J. N. Homfray, in charge of the Andamanese house at Port Mouat, in terms of my letter No. 248 dated — 31st of May last, copy attached. 2. From his reply No. 5 A, dated 19th June last, copy attached, there appears to be no objection or difficulty in carrying out your — object, so far as the children and their friends are concerned, and as it © is a scheme which, if successful, is likely to be fraught with many advantages and benefit to the Andamanese themselves, and to the Go- — vernment, in effecting an amicable understanding with the aborigines, as well as regards other interests between them and future residents | and settlers on those islands, I beg to recommend that you now apply to the Supreme Indian Government for permission to carry out your scheme, and if sanctioned, I shall be glad to afford you all the assistance at my command in carrying it out. I have the honor &., (Signed) B. Forp, Lieut.-Colonel. From J. N. Homrray, Esq. Asstt. to the Superintendent, im charge @ the Port Mouat, Andaman Ids. To Lieut.-Colonel B. Forp, Superintendent Port Blair. Dated Port Mowat, 19th Tune, 1867. — Srr,—lI have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter No. 248 of the 31st May last on the subject of an offer of Captain T, C. Anderson to undertake the education of an Andamanese lad, q who would afterwards prove of great use to the world, particularly tom those dwelling in these Islands. | I acknowledge the offer to be a most liberal and charitable one, with great advantages to be gained by all who take an interest in the 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. | 159 welfare of mankind; especially of those unfortunates, who have not yet the light of civilization thrown open to them. I have enquired of the Andamanese on the subject, to which they have no objection, and I would suggest that the best way to carry it _ out to satisfaction would be as follows :-— I believe about the end of this year there is to be an Ethnological congress in Calcutta, in which case, I dare say, I might be required _to show the races of these Islands, and on which occasion I could take such lads as are desirable and willing to remain behind in — - Calcutta for education. I would return with their parents or guardians, _ who would then be sure of the youngsters being taken care of and treated kindly. I would advise two or three being educated, as j jointly they are likely to do more good than a single boy, whom their friends would doubt, and not take notice of on his return. It is necessary for them to keep up their own language in Calcutta, and also, on their return here, to keep up the English they would learn in “Calcutta. They would also recall to each other past occurrences, | which they would relate as instances to their friends, and which no | doubt would be very interesting and useful to them. Should one die, _ the others could explain the cause to the tribe, on their return, and | ee | am sure their parting from their friends would not be felt severely. | By the same opportunity I would pay for the expense of one lad in | living and education, and would further suggest that their separation | from the tribe should not be for more than two years, after which | period, on visiting them, should they express a wish to return to their homes, they ought to be Mlowed it, and again, if found necessary, and they be willing to return to Calcutta for education, it may be continued. This would show them our good intentions, and would increase their | confidence in us. The lads should be treated kindly and with mild- | ness, and not frequently flogged for not knowing their lessons and | other trifles ; firmness is necessary, which can be effected by withold- | Img any indulgences from them. The mere knowing of the Eng- Tish language, with our habits, customs and manners, is a great boon | without being great scholars. This should be the first two years’ tuition : food and clothing will be the heavy expense. I have &c., (Signed) J. N. Homrray. 160 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Nov: From Lieut.-Colonel B, Forp, Superintendent. To J. N: Homrray, Lsq., Dated Port Blair, 31st May, 1867. Sir,~—On the occasion of the visit to this settlement, some months ago, of Captain T. C. Anderson, Barrack Master, Fort William, Cal- cutta, that officer made, I believe, an offer to you of undertaking the education of any Andamanese lad, who could be induced to go to Calcutta for that purpose; the object in view being eventually to send amongst the aborigines of those islands, a man of their own tribe, who might not only be an interpreter between them and _ us, but with whose aid perhaps greater ends might be accomplished. 2. I have the honor now to inform you, that I have by the last — mail received a renewal from Captain Anderson of his former offer. This offer is a most liberal one, and I am of opinion that no pains should be spared to take advantage of it; and I should be much ~ obliged to you therefore, if you will endeavour to induce any of the — elders of the tribe, with whom we are most friendly, to nominate a lad, say from 7 to 10 years of age, whose friends they might be able to persuade for a time to part with him, in order to go to Calcutta for the purpose of education. Our Andamanese friends must have such a pleasurable recollection of Calcutta hospitality and kindness, (in which respect they owe much to yourself), that I entertain a hope that there would not be much difficulty in inducing the Andamanese to send a lad away for a time for the above purpose. | 3. I would suggest, should there be any Teluctance to send a single individual, that I would undertake to induce Captain Anderson to receive two lads, who would thus not only be happy in their com- panionship, but who, from living together, would be less likely to for- get their mother tongue. 4. J should feel obliged by your giving me an early reply in this matter, as I am desirous of replying to Captain Anderson’s offer, as requested, by the next mail, I have, &e. (Signed) B. Forp, Lieut.-Col. 1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 161 From A. H. Harineton, Esg., Offg. Under-Secy. to the Govt. of India. To Captain T. C. Annerson, Barrack Master, Fort William. Dated Simla, the 9th September, 1867. Srr,—I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 21st ultimo, and to state in reply that the Governor-General in Council has much pleasure in acceding to your wish to undertake the charge of not more than two Andamanese lads, for the philanthropic purposes indicated in your letter, provided they are not removed from India, and that they are produced whenever required, either for in- spection, or if Government should think it fit, for restoration to their friends, T have, &e. (Signed) A. H. Harineron, From Ineut.-Col. B. Forp, Superintendent, Port Blair. To “oe ginal T. C. Anpsrson, B. 8. C. Dated Port Blair, 21st October, 1867. Sir,—I is the honor to inform you that, agreeably to your request, and by the permission of the Government of India, two Andamanese | lads are forwarded by this opportunity, to be made over to you, in accordance with your philanthropic intentions as regards the under- | taking of their education and improvement, with the view to their | ultimately being a benefit to their fellow islanders on the Andamans. Dr. J. B. Gaffney, in medical charge of the troops on Board the | “ Arracan,” has been so good as to take charge of the lads, to make them over to you. As the steamer “ Arracan’’ returns immediately _ to Calcutta, and as Mr. Homfray has had, consequently, but 24 hours’ notice of her departure, he has net been able by this opportunity to ~ send you the vocabulary you wish for, but trusts to do so at an early date. The two lads have been selected by Mr. Homfray and myself; the objects we had in the selection were, to send such as were willing to _ go, whose relations had no objection to their being sent, who had themselves evinced intelligence, and were not too old for placing under tuition. Their names are. 1 Katoo. 2 Katoo Moogtie. ~ “Scedi Boy”—The former name given by Mr. Homfray. Andaman names, 1 162 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. — [ Nov. For facility of recognition these lads have been given the simple names of 1 Joe 2 Tom Mr. Homfray has rationed and made every provision for the lads on } Andaman. board the ‘ Arracan.’ The original enclosure of your letter of 12th ultimo is herewith returned. T have, &. (Signed) B. Forp, Lieut.-Col. | At the request of the chairman the boys sang a native song and performed a native dance. The special thanks of the meeting were voted to Captain Anderson for the introduction of his interesting charges. M. EH. Petit, duly proposed and seconded at the last meeting, was balloted for and elected an ordinary member of the Society. The following gentlemen were nominated candidates for ballot as ordinary members at the next meeting. | W. H. Stevens, Esq. C. E., proposed by Mr. V. Ball, seconded by — Mr. Ormsby (for re-election). G. King, Esq. M. D. 1st Central India Horse, proposed by Dr. Ewart, seconded by Mr. Ormsby. J. 8. Harris, Esq. proposed by Dr. Colles, seconded by Mr. Scott. F. J. Chambers, Esq., India Carrying Co., proposed by Mr. W. King, seconded by Mr. Ormsby. Lieutenant J. Johnstone, Superintendent of Elephant Khuddas, Central Provinces, proposed by Mr. Medlicott, seconded by Mr. H. F. Blanford. , J. W. Chisholm, Esq. Commissioner of Belaspore, Central Provinces, — proposed by Mr. Medlicott, seconded by Mr. H. F. Blanford. . H. Gay, Esq. Finance Department, proposed by Dr. J. Anderson, se- conded by Mr. Locke. = Letters from the following gentlemen, intimating their desire to withdraw from the Society were recorded ;— The Hon’ble E. Drummond. Babu Siiratnath Mullick, 1867.] _ Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 163 Ki. 8. Robertson, Esq. Mr. H. B. Medlicott moved the following, notice of which was duly given at the last meeting. “‘ That the latter portion of Rule 62 be altered to read as followa’ _— ‘for the purpose of taking into consideration special matters selahtaty to the business of the Society, but not extending to the alteration of a Bye Law.’ ” Some discussion arose on this motion as to the course that should be adopted in accordance with the Rules of the Society ; at the con- clusion of which, the Chairman notified that in accordance with Rule 43, the motion must be referred to the Council for Report. The Council reported that they have re-elected Mr. H. F. Blanford, a member of their body and as General -Secretary to the Society, in place of Mr. M. H. Ormsby who has resigned, and they recommended that a vote of thanks be given to Mr. M. H. Ormsby for his valuable Services as Secretary. The vote of thanks was unanimously carried. Read a letter from the Secretary to the Government of India, forward- ing, for the information of the Society, copies of the following circular letter to the local Governments, on photographing architectural Temains and other works of art in India. Simla, the 29th August, 1867. - Srr,—The desirability of conserving ancient architectural structures ‘or their remains, and other works of art in India, and of organizing a | system for photographing them, has attracted the attention of the | Governor-General in Council, and, as the first step towards attaining these objects, I am directed to request that a list may be submitted, | for the information of the Government of India, of all such remains or works of art as may exist in each district, together with a report of the measures that have from time to time been adopted to preserve them. 2. As regards photographing them, the Governor- deibai in Beecil is of opinion that the employment of professional skill will be | unnecessary, and that the services of amateurs may with advantage be enlisted. 3. In this view, I am directed to request that arrangements may be made for the photographing by competent amateurs of all such 164 Proceedings of the Asiatic ‘Society. [Nov. objects of architectural and artistic interest in their neighbourhood, as may be included in the list called for in the opening paragraph of this letter, and for their submission to the Secretary of State. 4. Tam to add that some assistance may be given, where desired, either in the shape of travelling expenses, or by the purchase of a cer- tain number of copies of really good photographs. I have the honor to be, Sr, Your most obedient Servant, (Signed) K. C. Baytey, Secretary to the Govt. of India. No. 4040. Copy forwarded to the Foreign Department for communication and issue of the necessary orders to the Political Officers under its control. Secretary to the Govt. of India. The following letter from H. P. Lemesurier, Esq., was read. Allahabad, Oct. 24th, 1867. My DEAR GROTE, Ihave just hit upon a large area of ground covered with Cairns or stone barrows, each of which has contained a perfect kist: very many have been ransacked in times past by the natives. I opened one that seemed undis- : turbed. Its section was longitudinally thus :— Three of the four stone on edge. Covering slabs about four feet, and from 18 inches to 27 inches wide. Length 6’ 6” breadth 2’ 0’. Depth 18 inches or rather more ; not any vestige even of a tooth or jaw bone, but mould of fine quality. Two chips of sandstone might have been in use There must be a hundred tumuli in all. Have these been noticed before? I send sketch of the position. (Signed) TH. P, Lemesurimr. —-1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 165 CRA CEASA TL 10 Maae, IQUCUAAA CL 29 TTT fi! iif Yy Wy : : is ne etal) ia Aq) Cy HZ NS MY Gf; Ley Gu O5 i I TT im mi TT) 55° —_——— a —— e000 a OC TTT 515° S 3 ie 2 _ Area covered by tumuli shaded thus— i a : 166 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Nov. of the Anemometer, so that the pressure of the wind was registered for a small part only of the storm. He moved that Government be solicited to make enquiry into the cause of these failures. The proposition was seconded by Mr. Medlicott and carried unanimously. The possibility of warning the town in cyclones was also a subject of discussion. The receipt of the following communications was announced. From Lieut.-Col. C. L. Showers. On the Meenas, a wild tribe of * Central India.”’ 2. From W. Theobald, Hsq. Jr. A descriptive Catalogue of the reptiles of British Burma, 3. From R. Michell, Esq., F. R. G.S. A Drdnslecen of “ Survey of the western extremity of the Karakau Mountains by Captain Meyer,” and of “ A General Survey of the country lying to the westward of the Trans Ili Region between the rivers Chin and the Jaxartes or Syr Daria, by Col. Poltorotski.” Dr. Waldie made the following observations with reference to 2) the communication he had made to the Society at the meeting of 3rd April last, on the subject of the Hooghly water :— Observations had been continued during the succeeding hot and rainy seasons, in order to settle one or two points then left doubtful. As respects the river water of the hot season, the new observations had — confirmed the former ones in regard to the amount of organic matter : much less common salt, however, had been found in the water than in the previous year. Possibly this might have arisen from the proper time of full tide not having been caught, although this seemed not a very probable explanation. With respect to the water of the rainy season, he had formerly brought particularly to notice its putridity : this year, however, it was not found to be so characterised or at least only to a very slight degree: had the odour been the only point of difference observed, it might have been supposed to be due to some mistake in observation, but several other points of difference were — found to exist, and all of them corroborative of the indications of the first. Indeed, judging from the amount of vegetation formed in the water by long standing, the water of 1865 contained more organi¢ : matter than that of 1866, and this again than that of 1867. He was disposed to attribute these differences to some general cause, possibly _ connected with the amount of rainfall, but could form no decided opinion. 1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 167 The particulars of these observations would be found in a post- script, dated 16th September, to the paper, Part III, just aa in the Society’s Journal. LIBRARY. The following additions were made to the Library since the last meeting in September. *,* The names of Donors in capitals. Presentations. The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, Vol. 36.—TueE Royat Grograpurcan Society or Lonpon. Mélanges Asiatiques tirés du Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, Tome V. Chronologisches Verzeichniss der seit dem Jahre 1801 bis 1866 in Kasan gedruckten arabischen, tirkischen, tartarischen und persischen Werke, als Katalog der in dem asiatischen Museum befindlichen Schriften der Art, von B. Dorn.— Tue AUTHOR. . Selections from the Records of the Government of India, Foreign Department, No, LIJI.—Tur Government or Inpia, anp THE Govt. or BENGAL. Two copies of Professor Wilson’s Glossary of Indian Terms.— Tue GovERNMENT oF Inpra. Dattaka Chandakaushika nétaka.—Basoo Keparnatu BANERJEE. Annual Report and Transactions of the Adelaide Philosophical Society for 1865 and 1866 :—Tuz Soctery. Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi, edidit F. A. G. Miquel. Tome III. Fase I—V.—T ur Luypen Untverstry. _ Rahasyasandarbha, No. 42.—Basu Rasenprauana Mrrra. Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, for July and August, 1867.— Tus Groerapuicat Society or Paris, Mémoires de Académie Impériale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Jiyon: new series; Vols. XII, XIV and XV.—Tue Imprrran Acaprmy or Scrences, Bettus-Lurrres anp Arts or Lyons. Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d’Agriculture et d’Industrie: 3rd series, Vols. IX and X.—Tue Imprrran Socimty or Agricutture &c. or Lyons. Indische Studien, Vol. X. No, 2.—Tue Avruor. 168 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Nov. Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Dublin. Vol. IV. pt. I1I.— Tue Narvurat History Society or Dustin. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. VI, pt. 2.—Tuz GovERNMENT OF BENGAL. Selections from the Records of Government, North-Western Pro- vinces, Part XLV.—Tue Government or THE Norru-Western Pro- VINCES. Notes on the Propagation and Cultivation of the Medicinal Cin- chonas or Peruvian Bark trees, by W. G. McIveor.—Tum GovERNMENT oF BENGAL. An Elementary Grammar of the Coorg Language, by Captain R. A. Cole, Superintendent of Coorg.—Tue Avruor. The Anthropological Review, Nos, 18 and 19.—-Tuz AntHRoPoLo- @icaL Society or Lonpon. The Journal of the Chemical Society, for July, August and Septem- ber, 1867.—Tuu Cuemicat Society or Lonpon. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. X. No. 76. —Tue American PuinosopnicaL Society. Memorie della Reale Accademia della Scienze di mi caatale Vol. XXIT.—Tue R. Acapremy or Scrences or Turin. Atti della R. Accademia Della Scienze di Torino, Vols. 1 and 2. —Tue R. Acapemy or Screncus or Turin. Purchased. The Song of Songs, a pastoral drama, not by King Solomon, with notes by Satyam Jayate. | Adam’s Wanderings of a Naturalist in India. Forbes’s Hindustani and English Dictionary, Part I. Revue Archéologique: new series Vols. XIII and XIV, and Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, T and 8, 1867. Encyclopédie Méthodique; Histoire Naturelle des Vers. Vols. 1, 2, 3 and 4. Tableau Encyclopédique et Méthodique des Trois Régnes de la Nature. Vers, Coquilles, Mollusques et Polypiers, Vols. 1, 2 and 3. The Ibis, July 1867. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Vol. 26, No. 116. The Edinburgh Review, July, 1867. Revue de Deux Mondes, 15th July, 15 August, and 1 September, 1867. Proceding of the Asiatic Society. 169 Revue de Zoologie, No. VIII. 1867. Comptes Rendus, Nos. 1, and 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, Vol. LXV. Bopp’s Glossarium Comparativum Linguae Sanscritae, last part. The Calcutta Review, August 1867. The Indian Medical Gazette, October and November 1867. Journal des Savants, Aout 1867. Indische Studien, Vol. X. No. 2. A Catalogue of Shells, British and Foreign, with a supplement by W. Wood. Bentham and Hooker’s Genera plantarum, Vol. I. Part ITI. Tomlin’s Comparative vocabulary of forty-eight languages. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, September, 1867. Reeve’s Conchologia Iconica, Parts 264 and 265. Hachange. The Atheneum for August, 1867. td oe ts — ory WY & sayeye ey pan 6 5] pers wiv” PUAN 3 — a rae aK tori aia “tt sraue deal Sadie ne il nae te ial Tas Se ae Re ee toe: Ail . s yOeL edvarioll fara 1edeest 5 ; - 4 ‘ 1 . “a= > 2 ; , ' o- + : Li 7 § re f Filey a Pet 5 ia bite tits a SY eo Se ™~ | oY 5 4 3 : ey e io e-r.% = ki ‘ ‘ i 4 5 2% ; i : goss } . + A , 4 i > re ‘ 4 , =. a : fF wee ec - . e ‘hs ‘ : I f -~W Tt i>. ¥ eka oUt v ‘ : ? : A L . ¥ ‘ ” 7 » 1 as A ¢ i . i’ 16-08 a, | | ¢ 7 s ‘7 r 4 ’ 7 i ‘ 197 1: wits oti tia aa a 7 <4 CUS & OAs + t : be ‘ ‘fae 5} ~ +. 3 L = , evivmwm -* ry . 7) 3 Was " ~ wy ; > at ib i = ¢ | ) ue } * ; ' - C 4 ”- 4 * r v ' j ' ‘ # - \ = 2 : a = at ; * a od ‘i is 2 bei 7 f €: my i ) 4 is } [ic = a a ) “ / . ™S t « . “al =_— i ' : “ 7 ) 5 a : —_— ~ me { = j : ee i . = rt . er ’ y ‘>= See ee r hi t 7 ‘ ; bar wees e4h: wt 2 / a : a ¥ a, * axe eee : ; isd) ON ee ee { 4 7 tenes h vA — | | "% fy 2 ‘Ge hs 1 F r = ' = a 7 5 = r bw te 4 i J PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, For Decemper, 1867. wach o- A monthly general meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday the 4th December, 1867 at 9 p. m. . Dr. J. Fayrer, President in the chair. The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. A photograph by Messrs. Thepland and Bourne, of the two Andaman lads introduced at the last meeting was exhibited by Captain Anderson; and it was announced that members desiring to obtain copies might procure them at the photographers’. _ The following gentlemen duly proposed and seconded at the last ‘meeting were balloted for and elected as ordinary members. + W. H. Stevens, Esq. C. E. G. King, Esq. M. D. - J.8. Harris, Esq. I. J. Chambers, Esq. Lieut. J. Johnstone, a J. W. Chisholm, Esq. E. Gay, Esq. The following were nominated as candidates for ballot at the January meeting. | Baboo Rakal Doss Haldar, Deputy Collector, Maunbhoom, proposed by Col. E. T. Dalton seconded by Dr. J. Anderson. J. Boxwell, Esq. C. S. Officiating Deputy Commissioner, Western Doars, proposed by Lieut. J. Williamson seconded by Dr. J. Anderson, The Rev. J. C. Browne, has intimated his desire to withdraw from the Society. 172 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Dec. The Council reported that they have elected Coll. J. E. Gastrell — and Dr. J. P. Colles, members of their body, in places of H. B. — Medlicott, Esq. and Dr. J. Anderson who have resigned. They announced also that they had nominated Col. J. H. Gastrell as Hon. Treasurer, and Dr. J. P. Colles as Natural History Secretary of the Society. The council recommended that a special vote of thanks to be given to Dr, J. Anderson and H. B. Medlicott, Esq. for their valuable services as officers of the Society. The proposition was agreed to unanimously. A letter from Professor Bapu Deva Sastri with reference to a letter received some months since from Major Ellis was read. The following are the original letter and the reply. Southbrook Cottage ; Starcross ; near Exeter, 20th November, 1866. Derr Sr1r,—I beg to enclose a copy of an astronomical calculation, identifying a partial eclipse of the sun, recorded on a grant of land by Janamajaya, published p. 447, Vol. 6, Bengal Asiatic Researches, with one, given by Fergusson, which occurred on 8rd April, A. D. 889, for which I am indebted to the kindness and scientific knowledge of Captain Peacock, formerly of the Royal Navy; and shall esteem it « particular favour, if you will, in the first instance, kindly be at the trouble of ascertaining, whether the pandits of India have any ~ knowledge of the eclipse, which happened on the 3rd April, A. D. 889, — about Sambat 946 Vikramaditya; and afterwards proceed with the — enquiry of testing by their knowledge the validity or otherwise of — the identity of the two Eclipses, supposed to be established by Captain — Peacock’s postulate. * ok 6 * * * *K * R. R. M. ELLIS. In explanation of the very great interest which I take in these enquiries, I should mention, that when I was agent in nae I held the office of Vice-President Delhi Archeological Society, and for several years when in constant communication with Sir Hey Elliot and Mr. Thomason about them. , j 1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 173 Postulate regarding a partial eclipse of the sun on Sunday in the _ Krishna Paksha, or dark half of the moon in the month of Chaitra, when the sun was entering the northern hemisphere, the moon being in the Nakshatra Aswini; recorded on a grant of land on copper by Janamajaya, the son of Parikshita: published p. 44, Vol. 6, Bengal Asiatic Researches, 1809. The words of the text are “‘ Chaitramasa Krishna”’ or the dark half of the month, and as Chaitra answers to the month between 15th March and 15th April, the dark half would seem to imply the time of new moon for that month, at which time only could an eclipse of the swn happen; and this would be in March or early in April the dark half of the moon being then turned towards the earth, and within the limits of the 17th in the Lunar Nodes: as a solar eclipse only can happen when the moon’s latitude, as observed geometrically, is less than the sum of the hemidiameters of the sun and moon. combined; because the course of the moon in its path being oblique to that of the sun, makes an angle of 5° 35”. Now in examining into the date of the eclipse named in the text, and working out the dominical letter and Epact according to the tables in the prayer-book as well as those given by Fergusson, it 7 would seem to have been that named in Fergusson’s astronomy at page "217, in Strack’s Catalogue of Eclipses as having been observed at Con- stantinople on the 3rd April, A. D. 889 ; the record of the Hindu plates states that the moon was in the Nakshatra Aswini, which answers to the zodiacal sign Arves, and which would also coincide with the month “Chaitra,” or between the 15th March, and 15th April, as _ the sign Aswini or the horse’s head comprised a portion or period of “the Zodiac—a little over 13 days—the dark shadow of the moon, and ergo, the sun would therefore be in Aswini on the 3rd April, the sun having entered the Northern Hemisphere, or the first | star of Aswint on the 22nd March, coincident or nearly so with the sign of Aries, and quitted Aswini on the 4th April, to enter | Bhaiani. |. Ihave calculated all the other eclipses of the sun, happening between the 22nd and 31st March from the year 1261 down to 1699, twelve in number, or during the period of Aswini path, but not one of these happened on a Sunday, and no solar eclipse 174 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Dec. took place in Aswini at any period except the 8rd April answering to Sunday. There was a solar eclipse observed at Rome on the Ist April, A. D. 238, and one on the second April, 1307, observed at Ferara, but neither of these fell on a Sunday, therefore I am of opinion that the one named in the text must have occurred on the 8rd April, A. D. 839. (Signed) Gorge Peacock, F. R. G. 8. Formerly Waster, Royal Navy, 1835. To Babé Rasenprauata Mirra, Hon. M. R. A. 8. Phil. Secretary ; Asiatic Society, Bengal. Sr1r,—TI have the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of your letter No. 765 dated the 28th ultimo, together with extracts from Major _ Hillis’ letter. He states in it, that the Solar eclipse, observed at Constantinople in the month of April, 889 A. D., happened ona Sunday in the Krishna Paksha, the month Chaitra, when the moon was in Asvinz. But I have carefully ascertained that this eclipse occurred on Friday and not on Sunday. I have determined this also, that the eclipse answers to the 8rd April according to the old style, but by the new style it fellon the 8th April. Major Ellis mentions also that no Solar eclipse took place in Asvini at any period except — the 8rd April answering to Sunday. But this is not the case, as a _ great Hindu Astronomer named Granesa, the author of Grahdlaghava says : wa eaeqa emis war wife Ta SATS ge eistafae faracfess ways aT ya ates wasted qrataaate qa: arate. SU eu feqrargreaatae Hard Aa ST VT WATT “Tn the year 1448 of the Salivahana era the Sanwatsara called Vorsha and the month of Chaitra, a total eclipse of the sun took place on Sunday at the time of new moon, 13 ghatis (from sunrise) in the 4 nakshatra asvint. At the time of obscuration the star dsvini (a Avietis) even though it was too near to the sun, the planets Mercury — and Venus, and the seven stars of Ursa Major &., were visible, the owls were flying all about and all people were confused.” 1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 175 I have also calculated this eclipse, and found that Ganesa is quite right. The time of this eclipse answers to the 6th April (O. S.) or the 17th April (N. 8.) 1521 A. D. Therefore it cannot be supposed that the solar eclipse recorded on the grant of land occurred on the 8rd — 889 A. D. because it fell on Friday and not on Sunday. Yours faithfully, BAPU DEVA SASTRI. Benares, 21st Oct. 1867. Read a letter from Dr. J. L. Stewart of Lahore on the carnivorous habits of the Himalayan bear. Lahore, Nov. 25th, 1867. My pgar S1r,—It would appear that the problem has not hitherto been definitely solved, as to whether the Himalayan bears are ever carnivorous, except under stress of want of vegetable food. The following may accordingly be interesting to some members of the Society. On 7th ultimo, Lieut. Chalmers and Mr. Sparling of the Forest Dept. reached Portee in Punji on the upper Chenab, lying at about _ 7500 feet above the sea, in order to inspect and extend certain Deodar plantations. It was reported to them that on that morning a large brown Bear had fought with and killed a smaller one and eaten part of the ‘body, at a spring close to the plantation and in sight of some of the labourers. The body of the smaller bear was found concealed under _ leaves and grass, a part near the belly having evidently been gnawed ~ and torn off by the jaws of some powerful animal. On the 10thit was reported that at the same place and within ‘sight of several labourers, the same larger bear had fought with and Killed another. The body of the latter, a female, was found by the | two officers concealed under leaves, a considerable portion of the back having been consumed. It would perhaps have been more satisfactory if, in both cases, the bodies had been left for a time, to discover if the cannibal would come back to complete his meal. Near the spot there is abundance of walnuts and wild fruits of 176 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Dro. which the bear is fond, as well as of standing buck-wheat, which is perhaps preferred to other kinds of vegetable food. Yours very truly, L. L. STEWART. With reference to the above, Dr. Buckle mentioned having once possessed a Cashmere bear which though tamed and well fed, killed and ate a goat. He shewed an especial taste for old bones: and at last his carnivorous propensities rendered it necessary to destroy him. The receipt of the following communication was annonnced. From Colonel A. Fytche “A Memorandum on the Panthays of Yunan.” At the request of the President, Colonel A. Fytche then read the Memorandum as follows :— ‘‘ Considerable difficulties exist in procuring correct intelligence of the Panthays, or Mahomedan population of Yunan. In the first place, they were not inclined themselves to be communicative ; but rather assume a studied ignorance of their own affairs :—Secondly, com- munication can only be ordinarily held with them, through Chinese merchants and brokers, residents of Burma Proper, who speak the Bur- mese language; and who, in addition to their own private and self- — interested motives for preventing free intercourse with traders from Yunan, are moreover in the pay, or subject to the influence of the King of Burma. They well understand the royal policy of exclusive-— ness, and have been made acquainted with the several indirect orders which from time to time, have been issued by the Government, in order to restrict as effectually as possible, every means of intercourse ry between Panthays and foreigners of all nations. The little information, therefore, which it has been possible to collect from the above sources” furnished me by Captain Sladen, and also from a few Panthays who visited Moulmain with a Shan caravan, when I was Commissioner of the Tenasserim and Martaban Provinces in 1861, is vague and meagre; _ but such as it is, I will now briefly record it. - ‘‘ A paper has been published in the Russian Military Journal for — August 1866, on the late rising of the Dungens, or Mussalman popula- _ tion in Western China. I am of opinion that there is no political affinity between the Dungens of the North Western, and the Panthays of the South Western Provinces of China; or rather, that the presenti > x — 1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 177 rising of the Dungens on the North, bears no relation to the former rebellion of the Panthays on the south, or to any subsequent move- ment of the Southern Mussalman population of Yunan, to throw off the Chinese yoke ; such movement having commenced as early as the year 1855. ‘This opinion must be understood, however, to have reference only to the present attitude and circumstances of the Panthays in Yunan; without any speculative allusion to causes, or the possibility of future combination; for the Panthays of Yunane and the Dungens, are, after all, of the same race and religion, and are merely divided from each other, by the Province of Sechuen; and a general struggle for independence, if it really arises, and is able to make head against the Chinese Government, will certainly include at no great distance of time, the whole of the Mahomedan population in China wherever found. The first sign of acombination between Panthays and Dun- gens, will be manifested by the fall of Sechuen, and the news of such an event would soon reach this Province. “The term Dungen or Turgen is not known or comprehended by either Panthays or Burmese. The Mahomedans of the North Western Provinces of China are known to the Panthays, by the same denomination as they call themselves, “ Mooselin,” and to the Burmese as. “ Tharet.” The word Panthay, or as it is sometimes pronounced Panzee, is of Burmese origin, and is a mere corruption of the Burmese word “ Puthee,” which signifies, or distinguishes Ma- -homedans from persons of other religions in Burma. The Chinese : call the Panthays ‘‘ Quayz.”” What they term the Mahomedans of ‘Kansoo, I am not aware—possibly it may be Dungen or Turgen. “The Mahomedans of Kansoo are said to have lately achieved their Mmdependence, and occupy that province under a chief named Abdool Jaffir. “The Mahomedans of Yunan are merely aremnant, I should imagine, of the great wave of Mahomedan aggression, which, under Maho- med of Guznee, Mahomed Ghori, and Gengis Khan, overran Per- sia, India, and a portion of Northern China: their ingress and pro- ‘gress in China, are separately given or accounted for by Chinese and Panthays. The Panthay account is somewhat mythical, and as- sumes at once the superiority of their race. The Chinese version 178 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Dzc. deals less in mystery, and is more in bearing with supposed historical facts. They are as follows :— “ Panthay Version. Once upon atime, China was subjected toa — plague of evil spirits, who desolated the whole country, and in fact put a stop to the regular course of nature. The sun ceased to shew itself, excepting now and then, in obscure and fitful gleams; and the land refused to produce, or yield fruit in due seasson. During this calamitous state of affairs, the Emperor ‘dreamed a dream,’ in which a form was prominently revealed to him, in the dress of an Arab; but indicating at the same time, every appearance of peace and friendly goodwill. Astrologers and experts in such matters, inter- preted the Emperor’s dream to signify, that the plague of evil spirits would cease on the appearance of a force of Mahomedan Arabs who © were well known to be a source of terror to evil spirits and devils of every description. The Emperor was convinced, and sent a mission direct to the Prophet Mahomed, in which he begged the assistance of a few of the Prophet's followers. Mahomed sent 860 men, who, in due time, reached China. By virtue of their presence, the evil spirits vanished, and the country was restored to its former prosperity. The Arabs were treated with becoming honour, and allowed to settle and establish themselves, in the vicinity of the Royal Capital. But in course of time their numbers increased to such an extent that the Chinese Government became anxious about its own safety; and an arrangement was effected, by which the Arab population near Pekin was broken up, and sent in small parties to the confines of the Hm- pire; where they have since established themselves, more or less firmly, and in some instances proclaimed their independence. ““ Chinese Version.—- About a thousand years ago, there wasa great rebellion in China, and the Government was in danger. The reign- ing Sovereign at the time was Oung-lo-show; and being in tribulation, he sent for assistance to a certain King, named Razzee or Khazee, who ruled over the countries to the West of China. A Mahomeda contingent of 10,000 men was sent, and with their assistance, the rebellion was suppressed, and the services of the contingent dispensed with. But a difficulty now arose, as to the return of the Mahome- dans to their own country. They had been greatly reduced i numbers, and their inclination to stay where they were and settle 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 179 down in China, was encouraged by reports, which reached them, to the effect that a return to their own country was forbidden, owing to long residence abroad, and their pollution as Mahome- dans by contact with swine and other abominations, which were known to abound in China. The remnant of the contingent was finally located in Yunan, and settling down there, became peaceful subjects of the Emperor of China. “It is to be inferred that the Mahomedan population in Yunan was, for some centuries, at least, loyally disposed towards the Chi- nese Government; for no particular mention is made of them in Chinese History, as far as is known, after their domestication in Yunan, until the year 1855, when they rebelled and _ successfully threw off the Chinese yoke. “The rebellion is stated to have originated and been carried out in this wise. The Panthays in Yunan had multiplied and become a flourishing and distinct community. They preserved their separate nationality and customs, but were nevertheless obedient to the Chi- nese laws. The Chinese and Tartar officials are said to have been oppressive, and the foreign population was specially marked out for the exercise of more than ordinary severity. Their indus- trious habits and general aptitude made the Mahomedans _ profit- able subjects; whilst it rendered them, at the same time, victims to unjust and extortionate masters. Then a feeling of enmity and hate was engendered, with the usual results, The Loosonphoo Silver Mines of Yunan were worked by Panthays, under the superintendence of Chinese officers. Ona certain day a dispute arose at the mines, and the miners, exasperated by unjust treatment, had recourse to force and murdered every Chinese officer they could find. The revolt of the miners, was at once followed by a general armed rising of the Panthays throughout Yunan. Being far inferior in num- ber to the Chinese, they at first took to the woods and mountain fast- “hhesses, whence they carried on a fierce guerilla warfare. Meeting every where with success, they were soon joined by large numbers of the neighbouring semi-independent hill tribes of Shans, Kakhyens,* - * The Kakhyens above alluded to are a portion of the vast horde of - Singphoos, that inhabit the mountainous districts of Northern Assam, and stretch round the north of Burma into Western China, They extend not only all along the Northern Frontier, but dip down Southward wherever the moun- tain ranges lead them, and nearly as far south as the latitude of Mandalay. 180 Proceedings of the Asiatie Society. [Dec. and others, when they soon extended their operations to the plains, and to the siege of large towns; and the local Government, receiving no assistance from Pekin, finally succumbed, the insurgents became supreme, and a separate Panthay Government was established with its Head Quarters at Tali or Talifoo, then only a city of secondary importance, but where the Mahomedan element had always been very strong. Feeble attempts have since been made, from time to time, to recover the lost Province, by the despatch of Imperial Troops from the Capital; but the Chinese Government has never been able to make head against the Panthays; and the troops sent have generally been repulsed, before they could even penetrate within the Yunan frontier. “The present Mahomedan Government of Yunan is presided over by a wilitary chief styled Sooleman by the Panthays, and Tuwintsen by the Chinese. He has assumed the insignia of Royalty, by formal instalation on the guddee, and by the exclusive, and prerogative use of yellow clothing and appurtenances. This chief or king is assisted by four military and four civil ministers, the principal one of whom is established at Momein, a large town close to the Shan frontier, west ~ of Yunan. There appears to be little departure, in the matter of administration, from the old form of Chinese Government, except being more military in its character. Taxation is extremely light, being restricted, as far as can be understood, to a moderate assessment on land. ‘“‘ The Panthays are Mahomedans of the Soonee sect, and pride them- selves on their Arab descent: many of them are able to converse in Arabic, and their prayers are all in this language. They have mosques or musjids of the true Moslem type, and are fanatical and strict in their religious performances ; as far as I have been able to ascertain, however, there is no trace of any religious zeal, or motive, as the origin or pretext for the present rising of the Panthays against Chinese rule. The Chinese are generally tolerant of all religious persuasions, and unlikely to cause irritation to the Mahomedans by any interfer- ence with their religion. The Buddhist, wherever found,is untrammel by conventional dogma, and far less imbued with the odiwm theolo gicum, or that contemptuous abhorrence of all creeds and customs other than his own, than is the case with other natives of the east, 1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 181 whatever creed or denomination. The dress of the Panthays is in accordance, for the most part, with Chinese habit ; though many of them cut their hair to a certain length, and allow it to fall back on the nape of the neck. They also wear, in many instances, a distinctive turban of more ample form than in use amongst Chinese. They are fair, tall, and strongly built men: are an interesting race or community of people: and after twelve years of absolute government in Yunan, it is not improbable that their future independence is secure. ““ Panthay traders state that, during the past year, an embassy was received from the Emperor of China, in which the Imperial Government sued for a cessation of hostilities, and volunteered to cede Yunan to _ the Panthays, provided they would come to terms, and commit no further acts of aggression on neighbouring Provinces. The offer it is said was indignantly refused, and the Embassy was obliged to return to Pekin, without accomplishing its object. This, if true, bodes evil to our future intercourse with China through ; Yunan by Railway or otherwise. The trade vid Bamo between China _ and upper Burma, amounted in 1854 (the year before the Mahomedan insurrection) to half a million of pounds sterling. No caravans from Sechuen or other Provinces of China, since the establishment of Ma- homedan rule, have passed through Yunan ; and trade by this route has " almost altogether ceased. But with Yunan alone, a large trade was for- 'merly carried on, and it is hoped that the caravan route, at any rate, may be shortly re-opened. It possesses the unusual advantage of having been used for centuries as a line of traffic, and has main- “tained its vitality hitherto among all the disturbing influences of the flow and ebb of the Chinese and Burmese power, and is a cogent proof of the necessity for interchange of commodities between the respective -eountries. _ “An apparent interminable feud has doubtless arisen between the Man- | chur dynasty, and the Mahomedan population of China which may, pro- Dably combined with other numerous causes, ultimately end disas- | trously to that dynasty. How long it will take for the Chinese Govern- | n ent to disintegrate and reappear under a new form; what effect such la change would have on the independent Mahomedan population of the | Western Provinces; and whether the change will be brought about by | them, are questions which may probably affect a future generation, 182 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Dec. but are nevertheless full of interest to neighbouring Governments, and political speculators of the present day.” On the proposition of the President, the special thanks of the meeting were voted to Col. Fytche. Major Lees exhibited a bronze hookah which had been dug up on his plantation in Cachar, and was very different from anything now used in the province, while in point of manufacture it is far superior to any now manufactured there. He also read a letter from Messrs. Johnson and Drew of Cash- mere, in which the writers announce the proposed establishment of an Himalayan Club for collecting, interchanging and publishing scientific and general information concerning the Himalayan range. The President undertook to refer the letter to council. LiprarRy. The following additions were made to the Juibrary since the last meeting in November. *,* The names of Donors in eapitals. Presentations. Progress Report of Forest Administration in the Central Provinces, 1866-67.—TuEe GoveRNMENT oF InpIA. Lia Gurlande Précieuse des demandes et des Réponses Publice en Sanskrit et en Tileekan et Traduite Pour La Premiere Fois en Fran- cais by Ph. Ed. Foucaux.—Tue Trangsiator. Journal Asiatique, Tome [X.-—Tux Asratic Society or Paris. Professional Papers on Indian Engineering, No. 17.—Tue Eprtor. Sitzungsberichte der Kéniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissens- chaften Zu Munchen, 1866 II. Heft IT. IIL. and 1867 I. Heft I~IV.— _ Tue Royat Acapemy or Scrences or Municu. | Abhandlungen der Mathe—Physikn., classe der Kéniglich Bayeris- chen Akademie der Wissenschaften Band XXXVII. Abth. 1—Tuz Rovat Acapemy or Sciences or Municu. q Abhandlungen der Histor. classe der Kéniglich Bayerischen Aka- demie der Wissenschaften, Band XXXV. Abth. I]—Tue Royan — AcapEMy oF Screncrs or Monicu. On the relations of Tanalia Philopotanus and Paludomus with a 1867. | Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 183 review of the Cingalese species of the latter genera by H. F. Blanford, sq. F. G. S.—Tue Avtior. | Ueber die Branchbarkeit der in verschiedenen europiischen Staaten verdffentlichten Resultate des Recrutirungs-Geschaftes zur Beur- theilung des Entwicklungs-und Gesundheits-Zustandes ihrer Bevél- kerungen von Dr, Th. L. W. Bischoff.—Tue Avruor. Lataifo-’l-ma’érif auctore Abu Mancur Abdolmalik ibn Mahommed ibn Isma’il at Tha’alibi quem librum HE Codd. Leyd. et Goth-Edidit P. De. Joug.—Tue Eprror. | Zeitschrift der Deutschen morgenlindischen Geselchaft: heraus- gegeben von den Geschiftsfiihrern, Band XXI, Heft I[].—Prorns. sor Dr. L. Krenz. Indische Studien X.—Tux Eprror. Journal of the Royal Geological Society of Ireland, Vol. I. pt. 3.— -Tre Society. Meteorological Report for the Panjaub, 1866.—Tue Government oF THE Punsavs. Annual Report on the Administration of the Bengal Presidency foot 1866-67.—Tun Government or Bune@at. Report of Native Papers for the week ending the 9th November, -1867.—Basu Rasenpravata Mirra. Rahasya Sandarbha, Vol. IV. pt. 43.—Basu Rasenprauata Mirra, Purchased, A Treatise on Natural Philosophy by Thomson and Tait, Vol. I. The Journal of Sacred Literature, October, 1867. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, October, 1867. Revue des Deux Mondes 15th September, 1867. Revue it Magasin de Zoologie, November, 1867. Deutsches Worterbuch V—7 Comptes Rendus, Nos, 10, 11, 12. “ewe OOOO OOO ” cy Fett ¥ set: fGi tay i aa ty i a TS “AD ane a A. FB hich) Be ian rae aia it =a .. Saha i pahtnituer’ \ ee cra CB ier ieee it $i'ndhak a Petar hoe : "\ at} nh Susi a tie ca “ : AA if at <* we oh wr be “ar — | ae ia ai ; . ieee F308 aS ops ae ef ~