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LIST OF MEMBERS -
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, —
ON THE 31sT DECEMBER, 1866.
LIST OF ORDINARY MEMBERS.
The * distinguishes Non-Subscribing and the + Non-Resident Members.
OPP OVIPUIVIVIIUVOPIIIIS
Date of Election.
1847 June 2.| Abbott, Brigdr.-Genl. J., Royal
Artillery. Dinapore
1860 Dec. 5.| Abdool Luteef, Khan Bahadur, Mau-
lavi. Calcutta
1865 June 7.| Agabeg, J. Esq. Calcutta
1860 July 4.|+Ahmad Khan, Saiéd, Bahadur. Allyghur
1862 April 2. | tAitchison, C. U. Esq., C.S. Lahore
1862 April 4. | +Aitchison, J. EH. T, Esq., M. D. Umritsar
1859 Feb. 2. | *Alabaster, C. Esq. China
1866 Jan. 0.|+Allan, Major A.S. - Allahabad
1852 July 7.| *Allen, C. Hsq., B. C. 8. Kurope
1864 May 4.1} ¢Alexander, N. 8. Hsq., C.S. Purneah
1860 Oct. 3.| Amir Ali Khan, Munshi. Calcutta
1861 May 1.| Anderson, Dr. T., F. L. 8. Calcutta
1865 Jan. 11.| Anderson, Dr. J., F. L. 8. Calcutta
1843 Sept. 4. | *Anderson, Lieut.-Col. W., Bengal
Artillery. Kurope
1866 July 4.|+Anderson, A. Esq. Fyzabad
1864 Dec. 7. | Anderson, W. Ksq. Calcutta
1860 Nov. 7. |tAnley, W. A. D., Esq. Sarun
1861 Sept. 4.) Asghur Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab. | Calcutta
1861 July 8.) *Asphar, J. J. T. H. Esq. Hurope
1864 Dec. 7. | +Atkinson, EH. F. T. Esq. Jaunpore
1855 July 4.! Atkinson, W.S. Esq., M. A., F.L.S. | Calcutta
1861 Feb. 6.| fAusten, Capt. H. H. G., H. M.’s
24th Foot, Surv. Genl.’s Dept. | Dehra Dhoon
1826 Sept. 6.} Avdall, J. Esq. Calcutta
1835 Oct. 7.| *Baker,Col. W. E., Bengal Engineers. | Kurope
1865 Nov. 1.] Ball, V. Esq. Geol. Survey. Calcutta
PLP LDL DPD PPL ILL PPP PILI L IP IL I I IINI I IIN II III IRI PRI NIT INI NSNI NII IIIA IDI APDIP II
Date of Election.
1866 Sept. 5.
1860 Nov. 7.
1864 May 4.
1866 Jan. 17.
1862 Aug.
1860 July
1838 Jan.
1859 May
1861 Feb.
1849 June
1864 Sept.
1841 April
1861 Sept.
1847 Aug.
1830 Sept.
1862 Dee.
1862 Aug.
1862 June
1862 July
1864 Nov.
1840 July 1
1864 May
1846 Mar.
1859 Sept.
1857 Mar.
1859 Aug.
4
3
4
6
6
7
7
4
4
1
3
6
4
2
2
5
4.
4
7
4.
3
1864 April 6
1857 Aug. 2
1859 Aug. 3
1866 June 6.
1859 Oct. 12.
1854 Nov. 1
1865 May 3
1860 Mar. 7
1860 Oct. 8
1864 Dec. 7
1862 Jan. 15
1866 April 4.
1847 June 2.
-
Ballard, Lieut.-Col. H., C. B.
_ Banerjea, Rev. K. M.
Barry, Dr. J. B.
Barton, Rev. J.
+ Basevi, Capt. J.P., Royal Engineers.
. | *Batten, G@. H. M. Hsq., B. C. 8.
.| *Batten, J. H. Esq., B.C. S.
Bayley, E. C. Esq., B. C. S. -
Bayley, 8. C. Esq., B. C.
S
Beadon, Hon’ble Sir Cecil, B. C. 8.
. | +Beames, J. Esq., B. C. 8.
Beaufort, F. L. Esq., B. C.S.
.|*Beavan, Lieut. R. C.,
B.N. I.
Beckwith, J. Esq.,
*Benson, Lieut.-Col. R.
.| tBernard, C. HE. Esq., B. C. 8.
Beverley, H. Esq., C. 8.
+Bhau Daji, Dr.
late 62nd
Bhola Nath Mullick, Babu.
Bhoodeb Mookerjee, Babu.
K. C. B.
*Birch, Major-General Sir R. J. H.,
Bird, Dr. R., Civil Surgeon.
B. NVI.
Blane, Lieut.-Col. 8. J.
Blanford, H. F. Esq., A.
F.G.S.
.|fBlanford, W. T. Esq., A.
F. G. 8. Geol. Surv.
.| *Blagrave, Major T. C., 26th Regt.,
R. 8. M,
R. 8. M,
Blochmann, H. Esq., M. A.
*Bogle, Lieut.-Col. Sir A.
Kt.
Bolie Chand Singh, Babu.
Bourke, W. M. Esq.
*Bowring, L. B. Esq., B.
Branson, J. H. A. Esq.
. *Briggs, Major D.
C. 8.
.|*Boycott, Dr. T., B. M. 8S.
.| tBradford, C. W. V. Esq.
.|*Brandis, Dr. D.
Brandreth, Hon’ble JE.
L.
+ Broderick, H. C. Esq., M. D.
Calcutta
Calcutta
Calcutta ©
Calcutta
Dehra Dhcon
Kurope
Hurope
Calcutta
Calcutta
Calcutta
Motehary
1 Chumparun
Calcutta
Europe
Allipore
Europe
Nagpore
Calcutta
Bombay
Calcutta
Chinsurah
Kurope
Howrah
Europe
Calcutta
Calcutta
Bombay
Calcutta
Kurope
Calcutta
Calcutta
Europe
Europe
Hooghly
BKurope
Calcutta
Calcutta
Europe
Augur W.
Mulwa Central
India Horse
*Brodie, Capt. T., 5th Regt., B. N. I. , Hurope
PPL LAL LLL LL LL LILI LPI IP LLL PP LILI APPR ALL IAI IOS OLLI LOR IRS OPIOID Le OSD
Date of Election.
1866 Jan. 17.|+Brown, Lieut.-Col. D. Amherst
1860 Nov. 7.|+Browne, Capt. Horace A. Rangoon
1866 Feb. 7.| Browne, Rev. J. Cave Calcutta
1866 June 6. | +Brownfield, C. Hsq. Gowhatty
1866 June 6.| Buckle, Dr. H. B., C. B. Calcutta
1863 Aug. 5.| Bunkim Chunder Chatterjee, B. A.
Babu. Barripore
1856 Sept. 3.] Busheerooddin, Sultan Mohammad. | Chinsurah
1860 June 6.|+Campbell, C. J. Esq., C. E. Delhi
1859 Sept. 7.| *Campbell, Dr. A. Europe
1863 June 3.| Campbell, Hon’ble G. Calcutta
1860 Jan. 3.|+Carnac, J. H. Rivett, Esq., B. C. S. | Nagpore
1865 Nov. 1.|7Carnegy, P. Esq. Fyzabad
1860 Oct. 8.) +Christian, J. Esq. Monghyr
1863 Aug. 5.|+Chunder Nath Roy, Cowar. Natore
1868 April 1.| Cleghorn, Dr. H. Calcutta
1863 June 8.|+Clementson, KH. W. Esq. Moulmein
1864 May 4.|7Cline, G. W. Esq. L.LD. F. G.S. | Nagpore
1861 Sept. 4.|+Cockburn, J. F. Hsq., C. E. Kurhurbari
Colliery
1862 April 2.) Colles, J. A. P. Esq., M. D, Calcutta
1851 Mar. 5.|*Colvin, J. H. B. Esq., B. C. 8. Europe
1860 Dec. 5.| tCooper, F. H. Esq., B. C. S. Lahore
1857 Mar. 4. | *Cowell, HE. B. Esq., M. A. Kurope
1866 May 2.|*Cox, W. H. Esq. Europe
1866 Jan. 17.| Crawford, J. A. Esq., C. S. Calcutta
1861 July 3.|*Crockett, Oliver, R. Esq. China
1866 Feb. 7.| +Daly, N. Esq. Myanoung
Burma
_1862 April 2.|*Dalrymple, F. A. E. Esq., C. S. Europe
1847 June 2.|+Dalton, Lieut.-Col. E. T., 9th Regt. | Chota Nag-
B.S. pore
1861 Mar. 6. | +Davey, N. T. Esq., Revenue Survey. | Dacca |
1865 May a4 Davies, C. Esq. Rotasghur
1861 Nov. 6.| Davies, R. H. Esq., B. C. S. Oudh
1864 July 6.| +Debendra Mullick, Babu. Calcutta
1856 June 4. | +DeBourbel, Major R., Bengal Engrs. | Assam
1861 June 5.| *Denison, His Excellency Slr W.
K. C. B. | Kurope
18638 Feb. 4. | +Deo Narain Singh, Hon’ble Rajah. | Benares
1863 June 3. | +Depree, Capt. G.C., Royal Artillery. | Chota Nag-
ore
1861 Mar. 6. | *Devereux, Hon’ble H. B., B.C. S. foe
1862 May 7.|;Dhunpati Sinha Dooghur, Roy
Bahadur. Azimgunge
~ 1859 Oct.
1859 Dee. 7.
5.
Date of Election.
1853 Sept.
1860 Nov.
1859 Sept.
1854 July
1864 Dec.
1860 Jan.
1861 May
1857 May
1840 Oct.
1863 May
1865 Feb.
1846 Jan.
1859 Nov.
1863 April
1856 Mar.
1854 Nov.
1861 Jan.
1856 Aug.
1863 Oct.
1862 Aug.
1865 June
1851 May
1863 Jan. 15.
1865 Aug. 2.
19;
1860 Mar. 7.
5;
1859 Oct.
1865 April
1861 Feb.
1863 Dec.
1863 June
1860 Mar.
1861 Sept.
1849 Sept.
1866 Jan. 17.
1864 Aug. 11.
1859 Aug. 3.
TT LOD
sa
12.
.| tHlliott, C. A. Esq.,
.| tHllis, Hon’ble R.8., C. S., C. B.
. | *Hllis, Lieut.-Col.
Dickens, Lieut.-Uol. C. H.
Digumber Mitra, Babu.
*Douglas, Lieut.-Col. C.
: +Drummond, Hon’ble E., B. C. S.
.| *Dunlop, H. G. Esq.
.| ¢Duka, Dr. T.
iad
. | *Harle, Capt. H. L., Bengal Artillery.
*Eatwell, Dr.
W. O.B.
T
7
T
4)
fi
4
1
6
re *Edgeworth, M. P. Hsq., B. C. S.
6.| +Hdgar, J. W. Esq., B. O. 8.
1. | +Hgerton, P. H. Esq., B. C. 8S.
De
2
1
5
1
9
6
a
6
7
ik
*Hlliott, Walter, Hsq., M. C. 8.
B.C. S.
R. BR. W., 28rd
Regt. B. N. I.
1 + Elphinstone, Capt. M. W. 4th Regt.
BocNs £
. | ¢Erskine, Hon’ble C. i , Bombay C.S.
.| *Erskine, Major W. C. B.
Ewart, Dr. J.
*Hyre, Col. Vincent, C. B.
Faweus, Dr. J.
Fayrer, Dr. J., B. M.S.
+ Fedden, Francis, Esq., Geol. Survey.
Fenn, 8. Esq.
7Fisher, A. Esq.
*Hitzwilliam, Hon’ble W. S.
*Fleming, Dr. J. M. 29th P. Nol
7Forrest, R. Esq., Civil Engineer.
Forsyth, Lieut. J.
.| Forsyth, T. D. Esq., C. B.
.| t Frere, His Excellency Sir H. Bartle,
KCl Bi, Ba’ Cas:
tFuller, Capt. A. R.
+Furlong, Major J. G. R.
Futteh Ali, Maulavi.
+Fytche, Lient. -Col, A. 70th Regt.
B.N.LI.
G. M. Tagore, Esq.
Garrett, C. B. Esq., C. 8.
Gastrell, Lieut.-Col. J. E., 13th
Regt. N. L., Rev. Survey.
Calcutta
Calcutta
Kurope
Allahabad
Europe
Simla
Kurope
Kurope
Europe
Cachar
Umritsar
Europe
Futtehghur
Madras
Hurope
Lahore
Bombay
Kurope
Calcutta
Kurope
Calcutta
Calcutta
Calcutta
Calcutta
China
Hurope
Kurope
Etwah
Nagpore
Lahore
Bombay
Lahore
Agra
Calcutta
Rangoon
Calcutta
Chaprah
Caleutta
Date of Election.
1859 Sept.
1865 June
1842 Sept.
1859 Sept.
1862 July
1864 Dec.
1862 Feb.
1863 Nov.
1859 Dec.
1860 Jan.
1860 July
1866 June
1861 Sept.
1860 Nov.
1849 Aug.
1861 Feb.
1862 Feb.
1847 June
1866 Jan. 1
1863 June
1855 Mar.
1828 Nov. 1
1847 May
1859 Oct. 1
1866 Nov.
1863 Mar.
1862 Oct.
1860 Oct.
1861 Feb.
1864 Nov.
1848 May
1862 Aug.
1866 April 4.
1859 Aus.
1853 July 6.
1854 Mar. 1.
1866 Jan. 17.
1860 May 2.
185) Sept. 7.
1863 July 1.
2 PO he pe =, St Po BL eee es OT Sh ee eS Ot Se Ses
6
2:
1859 Oct. 12.
Bi
6
~
*Geoghegan, J. Hsq., B. C. S.
Giles, A. H. Esq.
*Gladstone, W. Esq.
*Goodeve, HE. Esq., M. D.
Gordon, J. D. Esq., C. 8.
7+ Gooroochurn Dass Babu.
+Gourdoss Bysack, Babu.
;+Gowan, Major J G.
* Geant) Sir dei KG 2a:
Grant, T. R. Esq.
Grey, Hon’ble W., B. C. S.
+Gribble, T. W. Esq., B. C. S.
+Griffin, L. Esq., B. C. S.
+Griffith, R. T. H. Esq.
Grote, A. Esq., B.C. S., F. L. 8.
+Growse, F. 8. Esq., B. C. S.
*Guthrie, Col. C. 8., Bengal Engrs.
*Hall, F. EK. Hisq., M. A., D. C. L.
+ Hamilton, Capt. T. C
*Hamilton, Col. G. W.
+ Hamilton, R. Esq.
*Hamilton, Sir R. N. E., Bart., B.C.S.
*Hannyngton, Col. J.C., 63rd Regt.
Ned,
*Hardie, Dr. G. K.
Harendra Krishna Kumar.
Hari Dass Dutt, Babu.
*Harington, Hon’ble H. B.
7 Harris, E. B. Esq., C. S.
+ Harrison, A. S. Esq., B. A.
Hatton, C. W, Esq.
+ Haughton, Lieut. “Gol JEU, te S.I
* Hearsay, Maj.-Gl. Sir J.B, K.0.B
+Heeley, W. L. Esq., C. S.
Henry, N. A. Esq.
Henessey, J. B. N. Esq.
Herschel, W. J. Esq., B. C. 8.
*Hichens, Lieut. W.,
Hicks, J. G. Esq.
Hobhouse, C. P. Hon’ble B. C. 8.
+ Hopkinson, H. Lieut.-Col. H.
+Horne, C. Hsq., C. 8.
Bengal Engrs.
—_~
Kurope
Dinajpore
Hurope
Kurope
Calcutta
Jungipore
Jahanabad
Sirhind Divi-
sion, Umbala
Europe
Calcutta
Calcutta
Sasseeram
Lahore
Benares
Calcutta
Mynpoorie
Europe
Kurope
Moulmein
Europe
Bombay
Hurope
Kurope
Kurope
Calcutta
Calcutta
Kurope
E IL. Railway
Rohnee W.
Deoghur
Behar.
Calcutta
Julpigorie
| Hurope
Berhampore
Calcutta
Calcutta
Midnapore
Europe
Calcutta
Calcutta
Assam
Mynpoorie
Date of Election.
1860 Mar. 7.| Hovenden, MajorJ.J., BengalEngrs. | Calcutta
1863 Jan. 15. | t+ Howell, M. 8. Hsq., C.5S. Shajehanpore
1866 Jan. 17. | +Hughes, Lieut. W. G. Martaban
1866 Feb. 7.| Hoyle, G. W. Hsq. Calcutta
1866 Mar. 7.| Irvine, W. Esq., C. 5S. Muzafernagar
1860 Jan. 4.|+Innes, Major J. J. M, Lahore
1862 Oct. 8.|+Irwin, Valentine, Esq., C. S. Narail, Jessore
1853 Dec. 7. + IshureeprasddSinha, Bahadur,Rajah. Benares
1864 Sept. 7. |*Jackson, Hon’ble EH. Kurope
1861 Jan. 9.| Jackson, Hon’ble L.S., B.C. 8. | Calcutta
1841 April 7.|*Jackson, W. B. Esq., B. C. S. Europe
1851 April 2.| Jadava Krishna Singha, Babu. Calcutta
1861 Dec. 4.} James, Major H. R., C. B. Calcutta
1864 Sept. 7.|*Jardine, R. Hsq., C.S. Kurope
1845 Dec. 3./+Jerdon, Dr. T. C., M. M.S. Mussoorie
1866 Feb. 7.)+Johnson, W H. Esq. Dehra
1847 June 2.) Johnstone, J. Esq. Hurope
1862 Mar. 5. * Johnstone, Capt. st Assistant Com-
missioner. Europe
1859 Sept. 7.|*Jones, R. Esq. Kurope
1865 June 7.|+Joykissen Dass Bahadur, Rajah. Allyghur
1866 Mar. 7.| Kadar Nath Mookerjee. Bhowanipore
1858 Feb. 3.| Kaliprosonno Singha, Babu. Calcutta
1863 July 1.|*Kane, H. 8S. Esq., M. D. Kurope
1850 April 38. | *Kay, Rev. V+; DOS. Kurope
1861 Dec. 15.) +Kempson, M. Esq., M. A. Bareilly
1862 Jan. 15.| King, W. Hsq., Jr., Geol. Survey. | Madras
1839 Mar. 6.) *Laidlay, J. W. Esq. Kurope
1861 Mar. 6.]| *Laing, Hon’ble 8. Hurope
1863 Sept. 2.| Lane, T. B. Esq., B. C. 8. Calcutta
1851 Dec. 3. +Layard, Major F¥. P. Bhagulpore
1864 Feb. 3. | +Leeds,H.Esq ,Conservatorof Forests, | Burmah
1852 April 7.| Lees, Major W. N., LL. D. Calcutta
1859 Dec. 7 Leonard, H. Hsq., GC. E. Calcutta
1865 June 7. | +Lewin, Capt. T. H. Chittagong
1856 Feb. 6. *Liebig, Dr. G. Von., B. M.S. Kurope
1860 Jan. 4.| Lindsay, E. J. Esq. Calcutta
1861 Nov. 6.| +Lloyd, Capt. M. Tounghoo
1862 Dec. 3.| Lobb, S. Esq., M. A. Calcutta
1835 Oct. 7 Loch, Hon’ a G., B.C. 8. Calcutta
1864 Nov. 2. Locke, H.. Esq. Calcutta
1866 May 2. +Lovett, Lieut. B. Punjab
—-:1828 July = 2. | *Low, Major- General Sir J., K. C. B. | Europe
"Wate of ee
1866 Fai ¥7.
1861 April 3.
1854 Nov. 1.
1866 Mar. 7.
1866 June 6.
1848 April 5.
1866 Jan. 17.
1.
15.
1865 Nov.
1863 Jan.
1860 Jan.
1865 Mar.
1862 Sept.
1860 July
1852 Nov.
1861 June
1864 Aug.
1850 Jan.
1866 July
1863 Oct.
1863 Nov.
1837 Oct.
1860 Mar.
1861 Feb.
—
1855 Nov.
185) April
1847 April
1856 Feb.
1865 July
1854 Dec.
1864 June
1837 July
1854 Oct.
1859 Aug.
jxnd
CEN HAMA Aa Ww ED
1862 July
1860 Nov.
1865 Feb.
1852 Sept.
1863 Sept.
1863 Jan. 15.
ae te ae ee a
Se Sad a
aaa
tLow, James, Esq., G. T. 8.
*Lumsden, Major P. S.
*Lushington, F. A. Esq., B. C. S.
+Macdonall, A. P. Esq.
+Macdonald, Capt. J. Staff Corps.
tMaclagan, Lieut.-Col.R., F. R. 8. E.
Macgregor, Lieut. C.
Mackenzie, A. Hsq., C. 8.
Maine, Hon'ble H. S.
Mair, Nee Hsq., M. A.
Malleson, Major G. B.
Mallet, F. R. Esq.
Man, HE. G. Esq.
Manickjee Rustomjee, Esq.
*Man Sinha Bahadur, Maharajah.
*Marks, Rev. J. Ebenezer.
*Marshman, J. C. Hsq.
Mathews, J. H. Esq.
+Martin, T. Esq., C. H.
*McClelland, Dr. J.
+McLeod, Hon’bleD. F., C.B., B.C.S.
+Medlicott, H. B. Esq., F. G. S.
+Melville, Capt. A. B., late 67th N. I.
Surv. Genl.’s Dept.
*Middleton, J. Hsq.
*Mills, A. J. M. Esq., B.C. S.
*Money, D. J. Esq., B. C. 8.
Money, J. W. B. Esq.
+Morland, Major J.
+Morris, G. G. Esq., B. C. S.
+Moula Bukhsh, Khan Bahadur,
Maulvi
*Muir, J. Esq.
Muir, Hon’ble W., B.C. 8S...
+Murray, Lieut. w. G., 68th N. I.
+Napier, His Excellency Major-Genl.
Sir ’K,, KC.
*Newmarch, Major GD:
+Newul Kishwar, Moonshee.
*Nicholls, Capt. W. T., 24th Regi-
ment, M. N. I.
Norman, Major F. B.
Norman, Hon’ble J. P.
Dehra Dhoon
Hurope
Kurope
Monghyr
Chandu _ Divi-
sion, Nagpore
Lahore
Buxa
Calcutta
Calcutta
Calcutta
Calcutta
Calcutta
Burdwan
Calcutta
Oudh
Europe
Kurope
Calcutta
Gowhatty
Europe
Lahore
Gwalior
Gwalior
Kurope
Europe
Europe
Calcutta
Umballa
J essore
Patna
Europe
Calcutta
Mussoorie
Bombay
Hurope
Lucknow
Kurope
Caleutta
Calcutta
SS ded Be
Date of Election.
—=—"s~'
1860 June 4. + Oldham, C. Hsq., Geological Survey. | Madras
Oldham, T. Esq., LL. D., F. R. 8. | Calcutta
1851 June 4.
1864 Dec. 7.
1866 July 4.
1837 June 7.
1847 Feb. 10.
1864 Mar.
1862 May
1860 Feb.
1864 Mar.
1865 Sept.
1835 July
1864 Nov.
1862 Oct.
1839 Mar.
1860 Jan.
1825 Mar.
1837 Feb.
1864 Feb. ©
1862 April
1853 April
1849 Sept.
1856 Mar.
1864 May
1837 Feb.
1865 July
1866 Jan. 1
1860 Mar.
1864 Dec.
1857 June
1857 Aug.
1863 April
1864 Dec.
1863 May
1865 Feb.
1847 Dec.
1866 Dec.
1859 Sept.
1865 June
1859 Feb.
1856 Aug.
1861 Dec.
es Se SS Sri GS Se ee See SP Se eS are eee
Onslow, D. B. Esq.
Ormsby, M. H. Ksq.
*Q’Shaughnessy, Sir W. B.
*Ousely, Major W. R.
Palmer, Dr. W. J.
Partridge, 8. B. Esq., M. D.
+Pearse, Major G. G.
+Pellew, F. H. Esq., C. S.
+Peppe, J. H. Esq.
+Phayre, Lt.-Col. AP,C B.
Phear, Hon’ble J. B.
+Poolin Behary Sen, Babu.
Pratt, Ven’bleArchdeaconJ.H.,M.A.
Preonath Sett, Babu.
*Prinsep, C. R. Esq.
Prosonno Coomar Tagore, Babu.
fPullan, Lieut. A., G. T. Survey.
Raban, Lieut.-Col. H.
Radha Nath Sikdar, Babu.
Rajendra Dutt, Babu.
Rajendalala Mitra, Babu.
Ramanath Bose, Babu.
Ramanath Tagore, Babu.
+Ramsden, Lieut. W. C.
Rattray, A. Esq.
+Reid, H. S. Esq.
+Richardson, R. J. Esq., C. S.
Riddell, Hon’ble H. B., B. C.S.
+Roberts, Hon’ble A. A., B.C. 8
Robertson, C. Esq., C. 8S.
Robertson, H. 8. Esq.
+Robertson, H. D. Hsgq., C. S.
Robinson, 8. H. Esq.
*Rogers, Capt. T. H.
Ross, J. M. Esq.
Russell, A. KE. Hsq., B. C.8.
+ Sarodaprosid Mookerjee, Babu.’
Satischunder Roy Maharajah.
Satyasharana Ghosal, Rajah.
ySaunders, C. B. Hsq., B. 0. 8.
Barrackpore
Calcutta
Hurope
Kurope
Calcutta
Calcutta
Madras
Burrisal
Gya
Rangoon
Calcutta
Berhampore
Calcutta
Calcutta
Hurope
Calcutta
Dehra Dhoon
Calcutta
Calcutta
Calcutta
Calcutta
Calcutta
Calcutta
Cawnpore
Hidgelee Kan-
tee
Oudh,
Gya
Calcutta
Panjab:
Nyne Tal
Azimghur
Saharunpore
Calcutta
Kurope
Calcutta
Hoogly
Baraset
Krishnagur
Bhookylas,
Calcutta
Mysore
Date of Election.
1864 June 1.
1854 Dec. 6.
1854 May 2.
1860 Feb. 1.
1859 Aug. 3.
1866 Jan. 17.
1863 Sept. 3.
1860 July 4.
1866 Sept. 5.
1845 Jan. 14.
1863 April
1864 Feb.
1866 June
1864 Sept.
1866 June
1865 July
1856 Feb.
1866 May
1854 Sept.
1864 Mar.
1860 May 2.
1843 Sept. 4
1863 Jan, 15.
1863 May
1863 Sept.
1864 April
2
6
1861 Sept. 4.
4.
1863 Nov.
1843 May
1859 Mar.
1858 July
1864 Aug. 11.
1865 Sept. 6.
186b April 5.
1860 May 2.
1859. Mar. 2:
SSS LP ere a
e . mr)
3
2
1861 Octs,..:2:
(
i
DALLPLLPJVJOPOLLE_LVOGPVWVWVYVOYDPVILOPOIPmwy_ 2 VIII.
38th M. N. 1.
Schiller, F. Esq.
*Scott, Col. HE. W. S.
+Scott, W. H. Esq.
*Seaton, Lieut. G.
Sama Churn Sirkar, Babu.
7Shelverton, G. Esq.
Sherer, Capt. F. 8S.
*Sherwill, Lt.-Col. W.8., 66th Regi-
*Saunders, J. O'B. Esq.
{Saxton, Lt.-Col. G. H., F. G.S.,
ment BL NWT, FG. 8S. Bs RaGes:
Showers, Major C. L.
Shumbhoonath Pundit, Hon’ble.
Sime, J. Hsq., B. A.
+Sladen, Capt. EH. B.
7Smart, R. B. Esq.
Smith, D. Boyes, Esq., M. D.
*Smith, Col. J. F.
ySoorut Nauth Mullick, Baboo.
Spankie, R. Esq., B. C. 8.
Spearman, Lieut. H. R.
£9 a
Tawney, C. H. Esq.
+ Taylor, R. Esq.
7+Temple, R. Esq., B. C. oa
+ Theobald, W. Hsq., Jr.
Survey.
Lt.-Col.
8.
*Staunton, Major F. 8., Beng. Engs.
*Stephen, Major J. G.,
Sterndale, R. A. Esq.
tStevens, W. H. Esq.
Stewart, R. D. Esq.
Stewart, J. L. Esq. M. D.
Stokes, Whitley, Esq.
Stoliczka, Dr. F.
+ Strachey,
F. L.
8th N. I.
R., F. BR. S.
+ Stubbs, Capt. EW. , Beng. Artillery.
+Sudderuddin, Moonshi.
+ Sutherland,
Swinhoe, W. Hsq.
H. C. Esq., B. C. S.
, Geological
Ganjam
Calcutta
Kurope
Dhera Dhoon
Europe
Calcutta
Dhera Dhoon
Gowhatty
Kurope
Calcutta
Calcutta
Calcutta
Mandalay
Assam
Calcutta
Europe
Howrah
Agra
Yangzaleen
British Bur-
mah
Darjiling
Kurope
Calcutta
Futtyghur
Calcutta
Lahore
Calcutta
Calcutta
Bombay
Govinghur
Unritsur
Pundooah
Backergunje
Calcutta
Calcutta
Madras
Nagpore
Thayet Myo
Date of Election.
1860 June 6.
1863 Mar. 4.
1855 June 6.
1853 Nov. 21.
1863 June
1847 June
1863 May 6.
1862 July
1865 July
1865 July
1862 Feb.
1861 June
1841 Feb. |
1863 Feb.
1864 Mar.
1464 July
1864 Sept.
1863 May
1860 May
1864 Feb.
1864 April
1865 Nov.
1861 May
1863 Dec.
1863 May
1863 Oct.
1863 Dec.
1862 Jan. 1
1852 July
1859 July
1865 May
1854 July
1847 Nov.
1862 Oct.
J
4.
9
6
2
5
5
5
5
1863 Mar. 4.
3
4
2
6
4
6
2
5
6
Sa Sen PU eye ei
11
Thompson, J. G. Esq.
*Thompson, Major G.
Staff Corps.
*Thompson, Dr. T., M. D., F.R.S.,
BS, Pence 6:
+Thornhill, C. B. Esq., B. C. S.
H., Bengal
‘+Thornton, T. H. Esq.
Thuillier, Lt.-Col. H. 7s -En. Gs.,
Bengal Artillery.
Thuillier, Lt. H. R.
*Thurlow, Hon’ble T. J. H.
-|+Tolbort, T. W. H. Esq., 0. S.
Tonnerre, Dr. C. F.
Torrens, Col. H D.
*Tremlett, J. D. Hsq., C. 8.
*Trevelyan, Right Hon'ble Sir C.,
K. C. B.
Trevor, Hon’ble C. B., B. C. 8S.
*Trevor, EH. T. Esq., B. C. 8.
*Trevor,-Lt. HE. A. Royal Eng.
¢Trotter, Lieut. H. Bengal Eng.
Tween, A. Hsq., Geological Survey.
f Tyler, Dr. J.
EN pnrene Capt. A. D., late 71st
By Na 1
+ Verchere, A. M. , Esq., M. D.
+ Vijayarama Gajapati Raj Munnia
Sultan Bahadur, Maharajah Mirza.
Waldie, D. Esq.
+Walker, Lt.-Col. J. T., Bom. Engrs.
+Walker, A. G. Esq.
*Wall, P. W. Esq., C. 8.
Waller, Dr: .W. K.
Walters, Rev. M. D. C.
+ Ward, G. E. Hsq., B. C. S.
*Ward, J. J. Esq., B.C. S.
*Warrand, R HM. Hsq., B. C.S.
Waterhouse, Lieut. J., Royal Ar-
tillery.
*Watson, J. Hsq., B. C. S.
*Waugh, Major-General Sir A. S.,
Go, Be Ros. B. eG. 8.
Wheeler, J. T. Esq.
Calcutta
Hazareebaug
Kurope
Allahabad
Murree, Punjab
Calcutta
Calcutta
Kurope
Panjab
Calcutta
Saugor
Goorranualla,
Lahore
Kurope
Calcutta
Hurope
Europe
Meerut
Calcutta
Ktah
Lahore
Kohat
Vizianagaram
Calcutta
Dehra Dhoon
Shahapur, Pan-
jab
Hurope
Calcutta
Calcutta
Dehra Dhoon
Kurope
Europe
Calcutta
Hurope
Kiurope
Calcutta
~~
* Date of Election,
1864 Mar.
1861 Sept.
1859 Sept.
1859 Aug.
1865 Feb.
1866 Mar.
1861 May
1859 Mar.
1862 Aug.
1855 April
1856 July
2
4
‘|
3
de
(a
7
2
6
4
2
12
Wilkinson, C. J. Esq.
. | ¢ Williams, Dr. C., H. M.’s 68th Regt.
.| ¢ Wilson, W. L. Esq.
+Wilmot, C. W. Esq.
+Wilmot, E. Esq.
+Wise, Dr. J. F. N.
Woodrow, H. Esq., M. A.
* Wortley, Major A. H. P.
Wylie, J. W. Esq., Bambay C. 8.
.| *Young, Lt.-Col. C. B.
*Yule, Lt.-Col. H.
Calcutta
Rangoon
Beerbhoom
Deoghur
Delhi
Dacca
Calcutta
Kurope
Calcutta
Kurope
Europe
Date of Election.
1825 Mar.
1826 ,,
1829 July
1831 Sept.
1835 May
1840 Mar.
1842 Feb.
1847 Sept.
1847 Nov. -
1848 Feb.
1848 Mar.
1853 April
1854 Aug.
1855 Mar.
1858 July
1859 Mar.
1860
1865 Sept.
1844 Oct.
1856 June
1856
1856
1856
1856 _s,,
1856,
1857 Mar.
?
ep]
oP)
-| Col. W. H. Sykes, F
.| Prof. Lea.
. | M. Reinaud, Memb. del’ Batis. , Prof.
z!
4
0
5
1
3
2
8
6
2
i?
6
2
7
7
Z
7
7
7
a
6
13
LIST OF HONORARY MEMBERS.
~~
.| M. Garcinde Tassy, Membre del’ Inst.
Sir John Phillippart.
Count De Noe.
.| Prof. Francis BPE, Memb. de I’ Aca-
9
1
1
?
a.
5
9)
6
4
démie.
Prof. C. Lassen.
Sir J. F. W. cba F. R. S.
LR. 8:
de I’ rahe.
.| Dr. Ewald.
.| Right Hon’ble Sir Edward Ryan, Kt.
Prof. Jules Mohl, Memb. del’ Instit.
His Highness Hekekyan Bey.
Col. W. Munro.
| His Highness the Nawab Nazim of
Bengal.
.) Dr. J. D. Hooker, R. N., F. R. 8.
. | Prof. Henry Princeton.
. | Major-Gen. Sir H. C. Rawlinson, K.C.
B, FoR. 8. Do CoL.
Col. Sir Proby T. Cautley, K. C.B.,
ROR. 5.
Raja Radhakanta Deva, Bahadur.
.| B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
.| Hon’ble Sir J. W. Colvile, Kt.
.| Prof. Max Miller.
.| Mons. Stanislas Julien.
Col. Sir George Everest, Kt., F. B.S.
.| Dr. Robert Wight.
. | Edward Thomas, Esquire.
.| Dr. Aloys Sprenger.
.| Dr. Albrecht Weber.
.| Edward Blyth, Esquire.
MacGowan, Dr. J.
.| Kremer, Mons. A, Von.
.| Porter, Rev. J.
4
4
4, | von Schlagintweit, Herr H.
4,
4
4
4
Smith, Dr. E.
Tailor, J., Esquire,
. | Wilson, Dr.
.| Neitner, J., Esquire.
Paris
London
Paris
Berlin
Bonn
London
London
Philadelphia
Paris
Gottingen
London
Paris
Kgypt
London
Moorshedabad
London
United States
London
London
Brindabun
Kurope
EKurope
Oxford
Paris
London
London
London
Germany
Berlin
Kurope
LIST OF CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.
2.
Europe
Alexandria
Damascus
Berlin
Beyrout
Bussorah
Bombay
Ceylon
Date of Election.
Eye ot eee
1859 Nov.
1859 May
1860 Feb.
1860 ,,
1860 April
1861 July
1862 Mar.
1863 Jan. 1
1863 July
1866 May
1500",
1835 Oct.
1838 Feb.
1843 Dec.
1865 May
Saree Ree
eee? UT
14
von Schlagintweit, Herr H. R. Berlin
Frederick, Dr. H. Batavia
Bleeker, Dr. H. Batavia
Baker, Rev. H. K. Malabar
Swinhoe, R., Esq., H. M.’s Consulate. | Amoy
Haug, Dr. M. Poonah
Gosche, Dr. R. Berlin
Murray, A., Esquire. London
Goldstiicker, Dr. T. London
Barnes, R. H. Esquire. Ceylon
Von, Schlagintweit, Prof, E. Prussia
Sherring, Rev. M. A. Kurope
LIST OF ASSOCIATE MEMBERS.
Stephenson, J., Esquire, Kurope
Keramut Ali, Saiéd. Hooghly
Long, Rev. J. Calcutta
Dall, Rev. C. H. A. Calcutta
15
ELECTIONS IN 1866.
Corresponding Members.
Schlagintweit, Prof. H. Von.
Sherring, Rev. M. A.
Ordinary Members.
Russia
Kurope
Major A. S. Allan. Allahabad
Rey. J. Barton. Calcutta
Lieut.-Col. D. Brown. Amherst
J. A. Crawford, Esq., C. 8. Calcutta
*G. M. Tagore, Esq. Calcutta
Capt T.C. Hamilton. Moulmein
J. G. Hicks, Esq. Calcutta
Lieut. W.G. Hughes. Martaban
James Low, Esq.
A. Rattray, Esq.
Dehra Dhoon.
Hedgellee Kantai
A. Mackenzie, Hsq., C. S. Calcutta
Lieut. G. Seaton. Tenasserim
N. Daly, Esq. Myanoung Burma
*Rev. J. Cave Browne. Calcutta
G. W. Hoyle, Esq. Calcutta
W. H. Johnson, Esq. Dehra
Baboo Kadar Nath Mookerjee. Calcutta
yd, FN. Wise. Dacca
W. Irvine, Esq., C. 8. Mozufurnugger
A. P. Macdenail, Hsq., C. 8. Calcutta
N. A. Henry, Esq. Calcutta
H. C. Broderick, Esq., M. D.
* Re-elected.
Augur West Malwa
Cent. Malwa Horse
W. H. Cox, Esq,., Krishnagur
Lieut. B. Lovelt. Kohat, Punjab
Baboo Soorut Nath Mullick. Howrah
W. M. Bourke, Esq. Calcutta
©. Brounfield, Esq. Gowhatty
Dr. H. B. Buckle, C. B. Calcutta
T. W. Gribble, Hsq., B. C. S. Sassereem.
Capt. J. Macdonald. Chanda Division, Nag-
pore
J. Sime, Hsq., B. A. Calcutta
R. B. Smart, Esq. Dacca
A. Anderson, Hsq. Fyzabad
J. H. Mathews, Esq. Calcutta
M. H. Ormsby, Esq. Calcutta
Capt. F. 8. Sherer. Gowhatty
Lieut.-Col. H. Ballard, C. B. Calcutta
Kumar Harendra Krishna Bahadoor. Calcutta
J. M. Ross, Esq. Calcutta
16
LOSS OF MEMBERS DURING THE YEAR 1866.
By Retirement.
Ordinary Members,
R. B. Chapman, Esq. Calcutta
Hon’ble A, Eden. Calcutta _
H. Duhan, Esq. Dehra Dhoon
Baboo Kasinauth Chowdry. Calcutta
R. L. Martin, Esq. Dacca
C. C. Stevens, Hsq. Barasat
Dr. A. C. Macrae. . Calcutta
Lieut.-Col. D. G. Robinson. Calcutta
J.C. Wilson, Esq. Fyzabad
Capt. G. M. Bowie. Bhugulpore
Baboo Jadoo Nath Mookerjee. Rajshaye
J. Strachey, Esq., C. 8. Oudh
J. M. Scott, Esq. Calcutta
J. C. Sarkies, Esq. Calcutta
Baboo Kaliprasunno Dutt. Calcutta
Raja Apurva Krishna Bahadoor. Calcutta
S. Jennings, Esq. Calcutta
W. T. Dodsworth, Esq. Dehra Dhoon
A. Money, Esq. Bhugulpore
By Death.
Dr. E. Roer. Brunswick, Germany
— J. G. Medlicott, Esq. Midnapore
Raja Pratab Chunder Sing. Pakpara
Calcutta, Right Rev. Lord Bishop of, Calcutta
J. Obbard, Esq. Kurope.
1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society,
ABSTRACT STATEMENT
OF
RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY,
FOR
THE YEAR 1866.
il
Proceedings. of the Asiatic Society.
STATEMENT
Abstract of the Cash Account
RECEIPTS.
ADMISSION FEES,
Received from New Members, Rs. 1,280 0 O
CoNTRIBUTIONS.
Received from Members, ses
8,676
1866. 1865.
— 1,280 0 0 928 0 0
0 0
= 8676, 0 eas O08
JOURNAL,
Sale proceeds of, and Subscrip-
tion to the Journal of the
Asiatic Society, Se
Refund of Postage Stamps, ...
Ditto of Packing Charges, ae
Ditto of the amount from the
Baptist Mission Press, overpaid
in Bill No. 13438, being the
cost of 6 Copies of Journal
No IV. 1864,
LIBrary.
Sale proceeds of Books,
Refund of Freight, -
Ditto of the amount paid for a
of copy Owen’s Comparative
Anatomy, Vol. I, ... a
MusEvum,
Received from the General Trea-
sury at 500 Rs. per month, from
December, 1865 to April, 1866,
Savings of salary, ..
Refund in part of the Contingent
Expenses,
Ditto of the amount paid from the
Contingent Account in March
and April to Harry, Taxidermist,
Ditto in part of the amount paid
to Dr. J. Anderson for Medicine
by Messrs. Bathgate and Co.’s
bill on the 22nd May, 1866, ...
SECRETARY'S OFFICE.
Refund of Postage Stamps,
Ditto of Packing Charges, ne
Savings,...
Discount on Postage Stamps,
Refund of Freight, ...
General Establishment,
1,285
31
3
6
586
12
10 “a
10 O
7 0
6 0
—— ‘Lae tes: Te
0 9
2 0
12 0
2,500 0
41
2
610 2 9 193 15 0
2,589 3 3 6,037 13
34 7 O
114 9
22 13 0
i a. 8
Cs eeetemel
Carried over, Rs, 14,522 5 0
1867.]
No. 1.
of the Asiatic Society for 1866.
Proceedings of the Asiatic Socvety.
DISBURSEMENTS.
1866.
JOURNAL.
Freight, .. Rs. 113 11 0
Printing Charges, 1,729 9 0
Commission on Sale of Books, ... $a
Purchase of Postage Stamps, ... 19410 0O
Packing Charges, e: 28 4 O
Lithographing and LEngraving
Charges, &., ... 705 4 8
Purchase of a copy of J ournal
Supplementary Number, Vol.15, 0.0
Petty Charges, ‘Ks ids id
2,799 15 10
LIBRARY.
Salary of the Librarian, we. S40, 0.50
Establishment, 84 0 0
Salary for preparing a revised
Catalogue, * bie Oe 0. O
Purchase of Books, Se 375 3 3
Ditto of a Standford Library Map
of Asia on roller, . 35 0 0
Ditto of Album of Photographs of
Shahana, 125 15 6
Mounting 4 Sheets of verman Map
of Asia on roller, .. 5 0 O
Purchase of a set of Photographs
of Cashmire, ie 42 0 0
Ditto of a set of ditto, ca A OO
Ditto of 27 iglcaneals Views, ... 69 0 0
Book-Binding, : .. 263 14 0
Landing Charges, te 1410 €
Gammiasion on Sale of Books, ,.. 40 13 2
A Blank Book, a 5 0 O
Freight, ia 38 4 O
Salary of Office Punkha- -man, 40 0 0
Ditto for preparing List of the
Duplicate Books, ... 40 0 0
Ditto of ticca Duftory, Fe 12 4 3
6 Dusters for cleaning books, .., 112 0
Prepairing two Teak wood Book
Cases, .. 682 8 O
Purchase of Custom Stamps, 3 0 0
Petty Charges, 23 4 3
Subscription to the Indian Medi-
cal Gazette, Ae wae ty ‘O' 6
3,361 8 ll
Purchase of Books through Messrs.
Williams and Norgate, London, 1,889 1 10
— 5,250 10 9°
Carried over, Rs. 8,050 10 7
iil
1865.
3,272 4 3
2,576 9 6
Proctedings of the Asiatic Society.
RECEIPTS,
Brought over, Rs. 14,522 5 0
VESTED Funp.
Sale proceeds of Government
Securities, bet ai, pp hIO. Oa
Interest on ditto, ... . Yee OS
Premium on ditto, .., ia , Hoe Sao
————. 8, 142 8 6 337 8 O
Coin Funp.
Sale proceeds Silver Coins, aa a 0" 0
— 5 0 0 28615 6
Basu Poorno CHUNDER BYSACK,
Refund in part of the amount
advanced for Contingent Hx-
penses, nies 2 4,048 8 6
——— — 1648 8 6 76215 3°
Messrs. WILLIAMS AND NorGATE,
Sale proceeds of Books on their
account, dee - 4 4 0
Magor-GeEnu. CUNNINGHAM.
Refund of Packing Charges, ... 0
J. H. Batten, Esq.
Refund of the amount advanced, 20 *0
Harry, TAXIDERMIST.
Refund of the amount advanced, 10S “O"=6
Captain M. W. Carr.
Received from him in Deposit, ,,. 312 0
312 0
Mason A. S. ALLAN.
Received from him in Deposit, ... 7 4 0
——— ae
JAMES BEAMES, Esq.
Received from him in Deposit, ... 012 0
—_——- -— Oro
CapTaIn C, MacGREGoR,
Refund of Banghy Expenses and
Postage Stamps for sending
Library Books, ... a 5 3 0
aaa > os OU
Rev. H. A. JascuKe.
Sale proceeds ofa Copy of Tibetan
Grammar on his account, a Le oO
GovERNMENT NortH WESTERN PRovINCES.
Refund of freight for sending
Journal and Proceedings for
1865, ... nes nas 1G, 75. "0
Carrain H. H. G. Austen.
Refund of the amount paid for
sending Library Books, 509 15 10 0
Carried over, Rs. 24,478 7 6
1867.] _ Proceedings of the Asiatic Society.
DISBURSEMENTS.
Brought over, Rs. 8,050 10 7
MusEvum.
Salary of the Sub-Curator, «ac 590 ,0. 0
Establishment, ee na 7 oeo 10° G
Extra Taxidermist’s Salary and
Contingent Pay, ... we 1,742 13 11
Contingent Expenses, vey 2000: 7G
Advertising Charges, 3812 0
Paid Messrs. Higgs and Haldar, .
for white Satin Painting, to
Museum Coses, ... . 47814 9
Ditto ditto for Stands, Railing
and Painting, ... . 86314 6
Ditto ditto for making an animal
stand, and taking up and re-set-
ting in brick, &c. &c., % 73 0-0
Ditto ditto for Asphalting two
rooms and renewing glasses to
the Almirah and Sash door, &e.,. 15910 O
Printing 500 Copies of Circular, . 15 0 0
Engraving 3 sets of Figures on
Brass with Handle for branding
the specimens of the Museum, Is 8. 0
———-——. 6,272 11 8 6,468 3 6
SECRETARY’S.
General Establishment, ae SO
Secretary's Office Establishment, 1,068 O 0
Purchase of Postage Stamps, ... 128 7 O
Stationery, tw dae 5.6
Purchase of Blank Books, sce 7 4 0
Insufficient Postage, sin’ 6 3 3
Printing Charges, ... ah ra. 0: <0
Repairing a Tin Almirah, Be & 00
Petty Charges, at ee de 6-6
VESTED FUND.
Purchase of 53 per cent. Govern-
ment Securities, ... . vee SOO O-
Interest on ditto, ow. ue 3 12° 0
Premium on ditto, ... «wa. zon 8 <0
Commission on ditto, sea 22 8 O
Brokerage on ditto, ... oS 6° 0
Commission to the Bank of Bengal
for drawing Interest on the
eoretdment Securities, adi ®: 7
Fee for renewing Government
Securities, aoe ons 6 O20
— 3,284 9 10
Coin Funp.
Purchase of Coins, .... cen a Ors
Ditto of a fire-proof Treasure Chest
with Cooly-hire, ... 133 0 O
Prepairing an under Case of ditto
with ditto, ve i; 30 0 0
Cocoanut Oil for cleaning Coins, . 0 3 0
————_——._ 503 3 8
Carried over, Rs, 19,895 5 2
1,784 2 3 284913 3
013 6
386 11 9
Proceedings of the Asvatic Society.
RECEIPTS,
Brought over, Rs. 24,478 7 6
MotHoor Mouun Kur.
Refund of the amount paid him
as advance for preparing two
book cases, oe pte: fol ie aD
— 200 0 0
KR. T. Atxtnson, Esq.
Refund of Banghy Expenses and
Postage Stamps for sending
Library Books, ... a 8 0
pee oO" a
oes Se
Carried over, Rs. 24,686 7 6
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. vii
DISBURSEMENTS.
Brought over, Rs.19,895 5 2
BUILDING.
Assessment, im wn 450). 0:0
Ditto for Lighting, ... nee 967.0% 0
Repairing, jan 1,858 15 0
An Iron shed erected in the com-
pound of the Society, sae (ee eOOe O48
————_ 2,684 15 0 2,340 7 6
MIscELLANEOUS.
Salary of the Mally,... a Sr 68-0
Advertising Charges, dag Gb. OF 0
Meeting Charges, ... Ne ik? eee a 3
Purchase of Receipt Stamps, ... 12) O
Paid 25 per cent. increase of
Salaries for 6 months, on 55 14 O
Ditto W. H. Johnson, Esq., for a
Tea pot Khokan, ... 8 0 0
Fee to the Bank of Bengal for
Stamping cheques, axa SPO
Petty Charges, ws bai 41 1 3
«32862 4 D265 12 SS
Musrum TransFrerR ACCOUNT.
Printing 25 Copies of Act of the
British Parliament, eh 20 0 O
noe 20 0. 0 58 O O
ErHNoLoGY CoMMITTEE,
Paid Banghy Expenses for send-
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Copying Report forwarded by the
Government of Bengal on vari-
ous Human Races, cae 10
A Blank Book for Proceeding, ... 2
—— 13 4 0
Basu Poorno CHUNDER Bysgack.
Paid advance on the Contingent
Expenses for the Museum, .., 1,445 0 O
— 1445 0 0 1,045 0 0
JAMES Brames, Hsq,
Paid Postage Stamps for sending
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PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
For January, 1867.
> 8 @ on
The Annual General meeting of the Asiatic Society of Bengal was
held on Wednesday the 16th January, 1867.
| H.C. Bayley, Esq., President, in the chair.
The Secretary read the Council’s Report.
ANNUAL REPORT.
In accordance with the custom of this Society the Council submit
their annual report on the present condition of the Society and-on the
progress of its labours during the past year. With the single exception
of Finance, which, owing to temporary causes presently to be explain-
ed, is in a less favourable condition than it has been for some years
past, the Council believe that in every respect the state of the Society
is most satisfactory. The Member-roll, which shewed a slight diminu-
tion last year, now re-exhibits a marked increase, the loss of ordinary
members by resignation and death being 24 only, while 39 new
members have joined the Society. It now counts 391 members
against 376 at the close of the last year, and has received therefore a
net increase of 15 members. The comparative lists of paying and
absent members, shew a still more marked improvement. Last year,
there was a decrease of the former by not less than 21, but in the year
just concluded, this deficiency has been more than made up, and 38
paying members have been added to the roll. The total number is
now 305, of whom 146 are residents. The following table shews the
number of members for each of the past ten years.
2 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan.
Paying Absent Total
NOB IAs: pcccasen sense ener 109 38 147
ESD scion Dusen eee ae See Bee 193 40 233
1859) code eee een 135 45 180
TROO | eee Bee hres ashe ewan 195 AT 242
ESGE cee eee ee 225 5D 281
EROZS coos taesaustawae. tebeee 229 82 311
ESOS ule gt ede gaa: oe: CB kee 276 79 350
LSG4 oie 26I eu tee aot ee ee 288 92 380
EGG 252 2 ccckan eens eS he Rn: 109 376
POGOe ie peer eas ea ec 305 86 391
The losses by death (5 in all) include an unusual number of members
whose labours have rendered them well known to the world at large
er in the body of our Society. Foremost among them, we have to
deplore the sudden and untimely death of the late Bishop of Calcutta,
a man whose pre-eminent worth and rare liberality of spirit have
made his decease felt as a public loss, not alone by the clergy whom
he ruled and by the members of the church he so nobly represented,
but by those of every creed, whose object, like his, is the common
welfare of men.
Dr. Roer was connected with the Society for very many years, as
an associate from 1839 to 1852, and as an ordinary member from 1853
to the time of his decease. In 1841 he was placed in charge of the
Society’s Library, and in 1847 was appointed Editor of the Bibliotheca
Indica and Secretary to the Philological Committee. In these different
capacities, he took an active part in the affairs of the Society and
rendered it most valuable service. In him the Society has to deplore
the loss of an oriental scholar of high attainments, and a frequent
contributor to its Journal and the Bibliotheca Indica.
Mr. Joseph G. Medlicott is another member, whose loss is deeply
regretted by very many of our body. In his public capacity, he was
well known as one of the earliest and most energetic members of the
Geological Survey of India, on the staff of which he worked for
upwards of ten years, and contributed in no small degree to the
development of that orderly knowledge of Indian geology which we
now possess, and which we owe almost entirely to the steady labours of
the officers of the Survey. Arriving in India in 1851, already an
1867. | Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 3
experienced geologist, he was engaged, during the ten years of his
connection with the survey, in the Khasia hills, in the Rajmahal hills,
and other parts of Bengal and Central India; but his chief and best
known publication is that on the geology of the Pachmari hills
and the upper vallies of the Soane and Nurbudda, much of which
country he surveyed under the peculiar difficulty of having to form
his own topographical map pari passu with the survey of the
geological details. In 1861, when, owing to the outbreak of the civil
war in America, the cotton production of India suddenly became
an object of the highest importance tothe manufacturers of Europe,
Mr. Medlicott was commissioned by Government to draw up a hand-
book on the cotton production of Bengal, a work whick gained
for him a high reputation among those best able. to appreciate its
value. In 1862 he joined the Educational Department of Bengal,
and up to the time of his decease in May of the past year, he con-
tinued to discharge the responsible duties of his post, earning by the
liberality and catholicity of his views, not less than by the geniality
of his spirit, the respect and confidence of all with whom he
had to deal. His minor writings were numerous; chiefly contri-
butions to the Calcutta Review and other periodicals. One of these,
his review of Mr. Darwin’s well known work on the origin of species,
may be mentioned as having been noticed by the eminent author
of the original work, as the most appreciative of all the numerous
reviews that that remarkable book had drawn forth.
Mr. Obbard was for some years a member of the Society’s Council,
and especially took an active part in the meteorological discussion
of two or three years since. His devotion to this science ceased
only with his death, which occurred shortly after his arrival in England,
whither he had proceeded in March last.
Two corresponding members have been elected during the past year,
viz., Professor Emil von Schlagintweit, well known by his valuable
_ work on Thibetan Buddhism, and the Rev. M. A. Sherring, to whom,
in connection with Mr. Horne, the Society is indebted for several
valuable contributions to the Journal on the subject of the Buddhist
antiquities of Benares,
4 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Jan.
MoseEvm.
In May last, the long contemplated transfer of the Society’s collections
to Government concluded the negotiations which have been pending
since 1857, and the progressive steps of which have been from time
to time reported to the Society. Before making the transfer, the
Society had incurred a very large expenditure upon the Museum,
in order that it might pass from their hands in a condition worthy
of the many eminent men by whose exertions it had been formed,
To Dr. J. Anderson, as a member of their own body, the Society are
indebted for superintending the restoration and re-arrangement which
the long absence of any qualified curator had rendered necessary, and
they believe that all qualified to judge will pronounce the Museum in
its present condition to be one of which the Society may be proud.
The collections will remain in the Society’s house until the completion
of the new Museum Building. This, it is expected, will be ready to
receive them within about three years from the present time.
The Museum is now in charge of the thirteen trustees appointed
under the Act (XVI. of 1866,) four of whom, viz. Dr. Partridge, Dr.
Fayrer, Mr. Atkinson, and Mr, H. F. Blanford, are nominated by the
Council of the Society.
FINANCE.
The heavy outlay on the Museum during the past year, following
closely upon that incurred for the restoration of the building, and
accompanied by a large increase in the publications of the Society,
has temporarily reduced the finances of the Society to an unusually
low ebb. On the other hand, unrealized assets, consisting of sums due
by members and subscribers to the Journal have increased greatly.
Indeed the Council cannot but think that these arrears would
have been very much greater than they are, had it not been for
the active exertions of the Honorary Treasurer of the Society,
who has succeeded by dint of untiring exertions in realizing a con-
siderable portion of the debts outstanding at the end of the last year,
Owing to these causes, the Council have had to dispose of not less
than 3000 Rs. worth of Government Securities in excess of the sale
provided for in the Budget of the last year ; as is shewn in the follow-
ing table of the income and expenditure, as estimated at the beginning
of the last year, and as actually received or expended.
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 5
INcomE.
Estimate. Actual. Deficit. | Excess.
Admission fees,... 1,000 0 0 1,280 0 0 ee 280 0 0
Subscriptions, ... 8,500 00 8,676 0 0 — 176 0 0
OUrmal, }...,....... 600 00 1,827 00 bp Far 00
POeWeEY, ........:..- 200 0 0 620 0 0 ro 420 0 0
Museum, ......... 6,000 00 2,589 0 0 3,411.
Secretary’s Office, 20 0 0 22 0 0 Ee 200
Coin Fund, ...... 100 0 0 5 0 0 95.
: 25,420 00 14,919 0 0 3,506. 1,605 0 0
Sale of Govt. Sects. 1,500 0 0 4,500 0 0 Be 3,000 0 0
3,506. 4,605 0 0
Excess,... Rs. 1,099 0 0
EXPENDITURE.
Estimate. Actual. Saving. Excess.
owral,....,....... 4400 00 2,79900 RBs. 1,601.
Library, ............ 2,000 00 5,258 0 0 ae 3,258 0 0
Museum,.........--. 6,000 00 6,272 0 0 ae 272 0 0
Secretary’s Office, 2,350 00 1,784 0 0 sae uns
Building, ......... 2,500 00 2,634 0 0 ee 134 0 0
Pee FUNG... 320 0 0 503 0 0 ose 183 0 0
Miscellaneous, ... 350 0 0 362 0 0 i, 12.0.0
17,920 00 1961200 ,, 2,167. 3859 0 0
—-—,.
Kixpenditure Excess,... Rs. 1,692 0 0
TNCOMe Cts ks. aca: dog OO
—————
Difference. ,, — 5938 0 0
From this it will be seen that the sale of Rs. 3,000 of securities
beyond what had been anticipated has been necessitated, chiefly by the
heavy expenditure on the Museum within the first five months of the
6 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan.
year, in which period it exceeded the sum estimated for the entire year,
while the income, estimated for the entire year, was actually received
for 5 months only. The expenditure on the Library has also been
considerably in excess of the estimate. But omitting the single item
of the museum, the income has also exceeded the estimate by 1,530.
Were the museum expenditure in excess of the receipts for the same
item omitted, the sale of the additional Rs. 3,000 of securities would
not have been necessary, and there would have been a small surplus
of Rs. 683.
This account of the financial condition of the Society would, however,
be very imperfect, were the liabilities not also taken into consideration.
There are still very heavy (Rs. 7,500) but not greater than the
Society can meet without difficulty, if they can succeed in realizing
any considerable portion of the very large amount (Rs. 8,100)
due by members and subscribers to the Society. The Treasurer
has made repeated endeavours to obtain these arrears, and with
partial success, but some of the heaviest defaulters have, the Council
regret to say, shewn a lamentable disregard of the treasurer’s applica-
tions, and the Council feel with regret that it may be necessary
shortly to adopt very stringent measures towards some of the heaviest
defaulters. The Council propose therefore to register the Society under
the provisions of Act XXI. of 1860, which will enable them to sue
those who are insensible to less coercive forms of application ; and at the
same time to enforce Rule 11, which provides that the defaulter’s name
be removed from the Society, and full publicity given to his removal.
The Council have further taken steps to re-organize the financial
system, to check expenditure to the utmost, and to place the entire
control thereof under the Financial Committee, and they feel confident
that, with economy and careful management, the Society’s Finances
will be restored to their former prosperity long before the time when
the removal of the Society to the New Museum Building will put the
Society in possession of a largely increased income, by the leasing of
its present premises.
The following is the schedule of Income and Expenditure for the
ensuing year. Hach item has been carefully considered by the Finan-
cial Committee, and the amount of each item of Expenditure will not
be exceeded in any case without a special reference to the Committee.
1867. | Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 7
Income.
Admission fees, ae ae oe seat #000
Subscriptions, ... sis oe oh ote ee B00
Journal, ... Sia ee ats cove G
Library, a ae ia ws aiivg ntriats 200
Secretary’s Office, ... oi ie Boe 20
Coin Fund, _... ee fee Rp eh 80
Rs.... 10,800
EXPENDITURE.
wourmnal, ... Hie one oes we V0, 006
Library, tes eer ie i) eee beet OU
Secretary’s Office, ... ine mois -.. 2,000
Building, Of aes vat Rereiecs'- OU
Coin Fund, oe ae ae ve UU
Miscellaneous, ... bee iss AN EA ls
Rs.... 10,800
OFFICERS.
The division of the executive work of the Society among four
honorary officers has been found to work admirably, and has rendered it
possible to carry out many improvements which would have been im-
practicable under the old system of entrusting the entire work to one
or at the utmost two Secretaries. Two new Committees have been
formed during the past year, the Secretaryships of which have been
undertaken by Mr. Beverley and Dr. J. Anderson. The former gentleman
has not hitherto been a member of their body, and the Council have to
return their cordial thanks for the valuable assistance he has rendered
in conducting the business of the Linguistic Committee.
Babu Protap Chunder Ghoshe has been active and assiduous as
-Assistant Secretary and Librarian, and the Council have great pleasure
in recording their satisfaction with his services.
| JOURNAL.
The entire Volume for the past year is larger and more profusely
illustrated than any issued for previous years, while it has been fully
equal in the value of the matter to that of any previous year. Three
numbers of Part I. and two of Part II. have already been issued, and
8 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan.
two more Nos. (one of each Part) are nearly ready for publication. A
Special Ethnological number, containing a treatise on the Ethnology
of India by the Hon’ble G. Campbell, with some important vocabu-
laries, has also been issued, the price of which to subscribers it has been
found necessary to fix at a higher rate than that of the ordinary
series. Ten numbers of the Proceedings have also been published, in
addition to a number containing the Index and tables for the Volume
of 1865, and a double number, completing the Volume for the past
year, will be issued in a few days.
All arrears of papers have now been cleared off, and it is believed
that in the ensuing year the cost of the publications will be somewhat
less therefore than during the past two years. But while the Council
fully recognise the necessity for economy, they cannot recommend
any curtailment of the publications, so long as reductions can be
effected in other departments of the Society’s expenditure.
LipraRy.
Four hundred and sixty-nine volumes, periodicals and pamphlets
have been added to the library during the past year and the litera-
ture of certain departments of Natural History in which the library
was previously very deficient, has been largely added to.
During the ensuing year, the finances will unfortunately allow but
a comparatively small expenditure on new works, but a book for re-
cording the names of works which it is desirable to add to the library
is kept open for the suggestions of members, and these will be consi-
dered, and such as are approved of, added to the library in the order
of their importance, as the means of the Society may admit of.
BrsuiotHeca Inpica.
The editors of the Burbliotheca Indica continue to carry on that
serial with unabated zeal. They have brought out 24 numbers, including
portions of 10 different works, within the year under report. Twelve
of these are in Persian, one in Arabic, ten in Sanskrit, and one trans-
lation into English from the Sanskrit.
In the new series Mauluvis Kabir ul Din Ahmad and Abdul
Rahman have published the first three fasciculi of the Pddshdhnameh
of Abdul Hamid Lahuri, a history of Shah Jehan which will be wel-
come to oriental scholars as a contemporary and authentic chronicle
of the reign of that emperor. The work is being printed from a MS.
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society, 9
belonging to the Society which bears an autograph of Shah Jehan
and there are several codices available for collation. Asacontinuation
40 it, Mauluvis Khadam Hosaim and Abdul Hai have undertaken an
edition of the history of Alamgir (Alamgirnameh) by Mohammed Kazim,
of which nine fasciculi have already been issued. Both the works
are being printed under the able superintendence of Major Lees.
The Philological Committee have collected ample materials, and
have made arrangements for the publication of a new and revised edition
of the Ayin Akbary. Mr. Blochmann, who has undertaken to edit the
work, has already made considerable progress in the task of collation,
and the work will be sent to press immediately. The Government of
India has been pleased to sanction a special grant of Rs. 5,000 for
the publication of this work.
Pandit Ramnérayana Vidyaratna has completed his edition of the
Srauta Sitra of Aswalayana with a commentary, and is now engaged
in an edition: of the Grihya Sutras of the same author. The work
contains rules for the performance of domestic ceremonies according
to the ritual of the White Yajur Veda. :
Of the aphorisms of the Mimansa, Pandit Maheschandra Nydya-
ratna has published two fasciculi; and of the Tacttiriya Aranyaka of
the Black Yajur Veda, Babu Rajendralala Mitra has brought out two
numbers.. The last named gentleman was for some time engaged in
collecting materials for an edition of the Yoga aphorisms of Patanjali,
and has lately been able to send the work to press. It was originally
intended that it should include the commentary of Vydsa, but that
work having been already taken up by Mr. Cowell, for the Sanskrit
Text Society of London, the Babu has limited his plan to the text of
Patanjali with the gloss of Bhoja Deva and an English translation.
This work will complete the Society’s edition of the six Darsanas or
text books of the leading philosophical schools of India.
In the Old Series, Mr. Cowell has completed the second volume of
the Black Yajur Sanhita, and a fasciculus of the third volume has
been brought out by Pandita Ramnarayana Vidyaratna, to whom the
work has now been made oyer, Of the Brahmuna of that Veda, Babu
Rajendraléla Mitra has brought out two fasciculi, It is expected
that he will be able to complete the work in the course of the current
year. Babu Pramadadasa Mitra has issued one fasciculus of his transla-
10 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan.
tion of the Sahitya Darpana, and Major Lees one of the Biographical
Dictionary of persons who knew Mohamed. Both these works are
now in a forward state for completion.
The following are lists of the different works published, or in
course of publication, in the old and the new series,
Or tHe New Szrizs.
1. The Taittiriya Aranyaka of the Black Yajur Veda with the
commentary of Sayandchaéryd, edited by Babu Rajendraléla Mitra,
Nos. 88, 97, Fasc. III, IV.
2. The Srauta Sutra of Aswalayana with the commentary of
Gargya Narayana, edited by Rémanéraéydna Vidyaratna, Nos. 90, 93,
Fasc. IX, X.
3. The Mimansa Darsina with the commentary of Savara Swamin,
edited by Pandita Mahesdchandra Nydyaratna, Nos. 95, 101, Fasc.
III, IV.
4, The Grihya Sttra of Aswalayana with the commentary of
Gargya Narayana, edited by Ramandrayana Vidyaratna, No. 102,
Fasc. I.
5. The Alamgir Nameh by Muhammad Kazim ibn-i-Mohammad
Amin Munshi, edited by Mawlawis Khadim Husain, and Abdul Hai,
Nos. 87, 89, 91, 92, 94, 98, 99, 103, 104, Fasc. I to IX.
6. The Bédshahnamah by Abdul Hamid Liahawri, edited by
Mawlawis Kabir Al Din Ahmad and Abdul Rahim, Nos. 96, 100, 105
Fase. I, I, IIL.
Or tHE Oxp Serius.
1. The Taittiviya Brahmana of the Black Yajur Veda with the
commentary of Saydénacharya, edited by Babu MRéajendralala Mitra,
No. 216, Fasc. X XI.
2. The Saéhitya-Darpana or Mirror of Composition, a treatise on
literary criticis by Viswanatha Kaviraja, translated into English
by Babu Pramadadasa Mitra, and the late James R. Ballantyne, LL. D.
No. 217, PaseriV:
3. The Sanhita of the Black Yajur Veda with the commentary of
Madhava Acharya, edited by Ramandarayéna Vidydratna, Nos. 218,
219, Fase. XX, XXT.
4. A Biographical Dictionary of persons who knew Mohammad ;
by Ibn Hajar, edited in Arabic by Mawlawis Abdul Haqq and
Gholam Qadir, and Captain W, N. Lees, No, 215, Fasc. 111. |
———— ee eee
1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. ll
: Corn CaBINeET.
The coin cabinet has received accessions of several new coins, in-
cluding a collection of thirteen gold Indo-Scythians, several Greek,
Bactrian, and Parthian silver pieces, and some gems. Measures are
being taken for the arrangement and cataloguing of the collection, and
the Council expect, that in course of the current year much will be
done to render it easily accessible for reference and comparison.
The report having been read, it was moved by Mr. Beverley, and
voted unanimously, that the report just read be approved.
The meeting then neat to elect the Council and officers for
the ensuing year.
It was proposed by Mr. Blanford and agreed to, that the Hon’ble J. P.
Norman and Mr. H. H. Locke be appointed Scrutineers of the ballot.
The ballot having been taken, the President announced, on the
report of the Scrutineers, that the following gentlemen had been
elected to serve on the Council for the ensuing year.
CounciL.
Dr. J. Fayrer, President.
Dr. 8. B. Partridge,
The Hon’ble G, Campbell, Vice- Presidents,
A. Grote, Esq.
RK. C. Bayley, Esq.
Dr, T. Anderson.
Dr. J. Ewart.
Dr. D. B. Smith.
A. Mackenzie, Esq.
H. Beverley, Esq.
T. Oldham, Esq.
H. F. Blanford, Esq. General Secretary.
Babu Rajendralala Mitra, Philological Secretary.
Dr. John Anderson, Natural History Secretary.
Lieutenant-Colonel J. E. Gastrell, Treasurer.
Mr. Mackenzie proposed and Dr. Fayrerseconded—that Dr. D. Waldie
and Mr. Robinson be appointed auditors of accounts for the past year.
The President then addressed the meeting previous to vacating the
chair.
12 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan.
He said that he congratulated the Society of Dr. Fayrer as their
President. It was especially “opportune, as the arrangment for the
experiment of an ethnological congress, which had been first suggested
by Dr. Fayrer, would have to be matured by the Society during the
ensuing year, and would now have the benefit of Dr. Fayrer’s
personal supervision. As to the exact present position of that ex-
periment, Dr. Fayrer would be better able to speak than himself,
but he could at least say that the proposal had excited much attention
and warm sympathy among scientific men and scientific bodies in
Europe, and had already resulted in the collection of a large mass of
information, both valuable and interesting, regarding the tribes of
India and the countries on its borders.
As regards the position of the Society too, the year which had
just passed was an important one. Their museum which, valuable
and extensive as it was, had outgrown the measure of the Society’s
resources, had been handed over to the Trustees of the future Imperial
Museum.
The President could not but think that experience had already
shown the wisdom of this step. The valuable services of Dr.
Anderson, which the Society’s means could never have enabled it to
secure, had already resulted in the addition of much that was required
to the Collections, and had saved, improved and utilized much which
they already possessed. The President was sure that all the members
of the Society who visited the museum would at once recognise the
value of Dr. Anderson’s labours. And he was convinced that the
transfer of the Society’s collections to the museum would tend greatly
to their improvement and better preservation, and to their better
service to the cause of science. |
To the members, these collections, with the collections of the new
museum, would be still as freely and conveniently available as before,
and he believed, in short, that the measure would only result in the
greater usefulness, dignity and prosperity of the Asiatic Society.
On one subject only, the reports of the past year which had just
been read were unsatisfactory, and it was the point on which the reports
always had been unsatisfactory, and this was the pecuniary condition.
The labours of Dr. Anderson had shown the necessity for a large
expenditure even betore the transfer; and this heavy outlay had told
1867.) Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 13
heavily on the Society’s means ; he hoped, however, that now, relieved
from the maintenance of their collections, their finances would soon
recover, but there was and always would be an ample field in India
and its immediate neighbourhood, for the profitable expenditure of
any amount which either the Society or the Government could afford
to devote to the development of antiquities, history or natural
science. |
In conclusion, he could not but regret that his own enforced absence
from Calcutta had prevented him from being as useful to the Society
as he could have wished to be. The Society was aware, however,
that the Vice-Presidents, and especially Mr. Grote, had fully and ably
done the work which ought to have fallen to the President’s share ;
for this he begged leave to tender them his individual thanks, and would
now with great pleasure vacate the chair to make room for Dr. Fayrer.
- The President elect, on taking the chair, addressed the meeting as
follows. | |
“‘ Gentlemen; I have to thank you for the great though unexpected
honour you have conferred on me by electing me to be the President
of your Society. I must, however, express my conviction that you have
not made a happy selection; I say so, because I think that the President
of a Society, such as this, should be a person with more leisure at his
command than I have, and of scientific attainments such as I can
have no pretension to. Indeed I am at a loss to understand how
the choice can have fallen on one so unfitted, as I am, for such an
office, and I confess that my misgivings as to the results, cause me
apprehension. When I reflect on the distinguished men who have
preceded me, and on all they have done for the Society, I feel how
entirely I am at a disadvantage, and how imperfectly even I can ever
hope to do justice to the chair, in which you have placed me. On
learning at the last meeting of the Council that it was the intention of
_ that body to nominate me as their President, I hastily determined to
decline the honour, but on stating my intention to some of my friends,
and hearing that to do so would be displeasing to many for whom I
entertain the highest regard, I determined to accept the office if offered
to me, and do my best, (7. e. whatever the turmoil and uncertain
leisure of a professional life will permit,) to give you satisfaction, and,
if I can, with your aid, to promote the interests of the Society.
14 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan.
‘¢ Tt is at an eventful period in the history of the Asiatic Society, that
the office of President has been assigned to me. In parting with its
noble collections, and thus associating itself with the inchoate Imperial
Museum, it has given an impulse to the progress of science in this
country, that can hardly be over-estimated.
“‘ Long possessed of one of the richest known collections of natural
history, and enjoying the services of a distinguished naturalist as
curator, it had yet the mortification of seeing these collections
gradually suffer from neglect and decay; the valuable services and
contributions of its best supporters frustrated, if not altogether lost ;
the progress of natural science languishing, and energy failing, because
the necessary funds were not forthcoming to meet the demand; and
notwithstanding the subsidy of a Government which has so often
generously aided in the advance of knowledge, the Society was unable
to keep pace with the requirements of the period, or to maintain, in
its due freshness and integrity, the position to which it might have
fairly been entitled in the scientific world. This happily is no longer
to be the case. It is sufficiently apparent even to the most casual
observer, among those who frequent the Society’s meetings, that a
great change has already taken place; and I feel certain that what we
now see is but an earnest of much more that is to come.
“The Imperial Museum will hold our collections. The curator of
that Institution will jealously preserve and guard whatever we entrust
to his care. Scientific men and others in India will contribute to him
what they would have sent to us; but our interest is still with our
collections, and to us the world will look for further contributions and
further elaboration and generalization of the mass of material already
accumulated. With the impulse that science has received by the recent
conjoined action of the Government and the Society, I would venture
to hope that increased activity in furthering scientific enquiry will
agitate its members generally ; and that a more vivid appreciation of
scientific research, and the importance of a more zealous investigation
into the large field of knowledge which still lies open in India, will
characterize the efforts of every individual connected with the Society ;
that these rooms will be the scene of many animated discussions of
subjects connected with every department of science . and the object
of the founder may be fulfilled,— That enquiry may be fully extend-.
1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 15
ed, within the geographical limits of Asia, to whatever is performed by
man or produced by nature.”
“The annual Report, to which you have just listened, has informed
you of much of what has been done, and of the condition of the
Society at the close of the past year. It betokens activity and
onward movement; it indicates that large and important questions
have been dealt with by the Society, not only in the Department of
oriental languages, in which it has always held so high a place, under
the direction of the eminent native and European philologists who
have contributed so largely to the ‘ Bibliotheca Tndica,’ but also in
zoology, archxology, meteorology and other departments of natural
science, in which enquiry has been pushed, and progress made.
“Questions of the day, most occupying men’s minds, —those connected
with the origin of our species,—the history, affinities and relations of
the infinite number of varieties of the human race, whether illustrated
by physical conformation or linguistic peculiarities, have been pro-
-minently brought before the Society, for investigation ; and are perhaps,
at your hands, to receive the solution of some of the most interesting
problems connected with the enquiry.
“The Natural History of the Fauna and Flora of the country, its
mineral and other telluric treasures, already much investigated by
many able men, yet present ample field for research and discovery.
“A noble Botanic Garden and herbarium, although unconnected
with the Society, (which we may hope to see supplemented by a
section of Hconomic Botany, in the Museum) already represent the
treasures of this department of the organized kingdoms of nature.
“Tn Geology and Paleontology, a museum and records worthy of the
distinguished Geologists who are at the head of that Department of
Science in India, are accessible to the scientific world, and are available
to you either for study or comparison.
“For those who are interested in numismatic and archeological re-
lies, collections exist in the Society’s Museum, of no mean repute ; and it
is with pleasure that I note the commencement of a Department of
Social Science under the auspices of a talented and energetic member
of our Society, which is thus indirectly connected with the Asiatic
Society. I have also the gratification of recording the initiation of a
‘movement among several members of the Society and others, for
16 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ JAN.
establishing that most useful and instructive of all places of public
recreation, a Zoological garden. ' This is a subject which I trust will
receive public support and the countenance of the Society, and will
soon be reckoned among the accomplished facts of Calcutta,
“Tt is a subject of congratulation in the interests of natural science,
that the Society has many energetic collectors, enquirers and contri-
butors scattered over the length and breadth of the land; all working,
and zealous for its well-doing.
“The geological, topographical, geometrical and archxological surveys
are steadily progressing, and accumulating funds of information of the
most important nature, under the eminent men who direct their
operations, and to whom we may naturally look for—and from whom
indeed we have always received—the most valuable contributions to our
present stock of knowledge. Withsuch means at our disposal,—with such
great opportunities,—with a Government well disposed towards the
pursuit of science, and some of whose members are on our roll,—with
an able staff and select committees to work each department of scienti-
fic enquiry,—surely we ought not to fail in contributing that quota of
knowledge to the great general stock, which is naturally looked for,
and may be expected from us by kindred societies in Europe.
“You will have observed that it has not been altogether progress
during the past year. Financially the Society has been and is em-
barassed, but we may reasonably hope that the increasing number of
the members will obviate for the future this source of trouble, and
that the many long outstanding arrears will be speedily liquidated.
We have suffered too by the inscrutable hand of death. You have heard
an obituary notice of several eminent and staunch supporters of the
Society, among whom I regret to say that of Sir G. Everest ought to
have appeared. They were good and true men, earnest enquirers into
those questions which engage our Society and the scientific world
generally ; and though it is perhaps neither the time nor place to
allude further to what they have done, or to express our regret for
their loss, yet I cannot refrain from adding one tribute of regret to that
which has lately engaged the sympathies of men of every denomina-
tion, for the untimely loss of a good man, cut off in his prime in the
midst of a noble work, respected and beloved alike by learned and
unlearned, by members of all sects, and every religious denomination
and creed,
1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 17
“But there is business of importance still before the meeting, and
LT ought not to detain you longer. I again thank you for the honour you
have done me, and express a hope that the year to come may be even
more prosperous than that just passed away.”
The meeting then resolved itself into an ordinary monthly meeting.
The minutes of the previous meeting were read and confirmed.
The following presentations were announced—
1. From Baboo Bishwambhar Nath Mookerjee; a pair of san-
dals made of patha leaves, a kind of plant abundant in Peshawar.
2. From C. J. Crawford, Hsq., through Mr. Grote; a steel print
portrait of Dr. Latham.
3. From the Deputy Commissioner of the Upper Godavery
district, two human skulls.
4. From the Rev. G. U. Pope, through the Rev. ©. H. A. Dall;
five Tamil printed works, by the Rev. G. U. Pope.
5. From Dr. J. Fayrer; a spear of a Naga chief, and a bow and
arrows from the Andaman Islands.
The following letter from W. Masters, Esq., on the November
fall of meteors, was read :—
““T respond to the spirit of your last letter by forwarding an account
of meteors that fell on the 14th instant, for record in the Pro-
ceedings of your Society. I have sent a popular account of them to
the “‘ Englishman” for general information: to this I shall add a few
particulars which I did not consider of sufficient interest to insert in
the original.
“My attention was first drawn to these visitors to our sphere, in
1833 (I believe), when, a little before sunrise, while seated in an
upper verandah in Calcutta and looking south, I observed white,
pearly, flakey, I might almost say, tiny spiritual things of the shape
of Rupert drops falling, as I fancied, perpendicularly down, about a
yard or two apart, and about 15 succeeding each other in two or three
minutes within the range of direct vision. Day followed too quickly
for this exhibition to last long.
“ Since that time I had been watching their recurrence without suc-
cess ; and was on the look out for them from the 9th to the 13th
instant, when only a few stragglers presented themselves. Up to 11
18 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan.
p. M. of the 13th, there was no sign of meteors; but at half-past
4 a.m. of the 14th instant, they were in great abundance over Kish-
naghur. I cannot say at what hour they first began to fall, although
I have made inquiries of watchmen and others. I looked out about
half past four or a quarter to five, and observed them shooting along
the sky divergingly and very rapidly, from some part of the head
of Leo major; and by their manner of comporting themselves,
was immediately convinced that we had come upon the great shoal of
November. Iwas most interested in detecting, if possible, the precise
point of divergence; and it soon became evident that, contrary
to received opinion, y Leonis was not the starting point. After count-
ing fifty in about five minutes, I woke up five others to witness the
phenomenon and give aid in watching and counting.
‘“‘ We arranged ourselves looking in different directions, and as each
saw a meteor, there was a distinct call of the next number 51, 52, 53
&c.; the stars shooting out sometimes faster than they could be
counted: some were lost on this account ; some, owing to the excite-
ment of my young coadjutors; and many, while I was waking up
aid. Yet, in less than half an hour, we counted four hundred and
twenty ; had we been all together during the half hour, we should
certainly have counted more than five hundred.
‘‘ The velocity of these meteors was exceedingly great; there was
no lagging or hesitation in their course, as is frequently the case with
ordinary meteors: but they darted like rockets from an unseen centre,
sometimes three or four in one direction nearly, slightly diverging,
leaving long and short trains with much divergence horizonwards and
narrow convergence upwards. I shall call these a for reference in the
sequel. Others shot in different directions, east, west, north, and
south, and intermediate points were filled up in rapid succession; not
one appeared to fall perpendicularly to the earth; all described glow-
ing arcs in the sky, varying from 20° to 60°; a few points of light
excepted, which described scarcely 8° or 4°. ;
“Their decided and long courses, all seeking the horizon directly,
and their persistent trains of the light, which looked like meridians on
a globe, strongly and unmistakably pointed to a spot in the head of
Leo major, then some degrees eastward of the zenith, as their radiating
point.
1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 19
“The meteors did not actually start into view at one point ; many
commenced their courses about 30° or 40° from the supposed point
of divergence, seeking the different points of the horizon, while the
upper portions of their trains pointed to the same spot in the sky.
These were generally large and bright, and illumined the trees and
walls like a flash of lightning from a thunder cloud near the horizon ;
others, comparatively small, darted or first shewed themselves only
afew degrees from the radiating centre, sometimes three at once,
leaving their trains for leisurely tracing backwards; those with long
trains and long courses, generally burst or blazed out about 20° or 30°
from the horizon ; some within 20° of it. No sound of any kind was
heard: the light of these meteors, when they blazed out, was reddish:
the trains leit behind were generally broad, spreading about half a
degree, glowing at first like the fresh mark of phosphorus on a wall,
then quickly becoming pale like the tail of a comet, or like the
mingling of muriatic acid gas and ammonia, and lasting from half a
minute to one minute and a half.
““ One took me quite by surprise; it blazed out like a star of the
2nd or 3rd magnitude between yp and e« of Leo major, as bright as ¢
but not of the some silveryness or intensity, and gradually faded
away in the same spot, without any visible linear course whatever :
it suggested the idea of a meteor coming straight to the eye.
*‘T looked out again at 6 a.m. before the sun rose, and saw a streak
of white light, like a Rupert’s drop with a long thread behind, shoot
down from the direction of Leo major, to Capella Alajoth in the north
west, the only star then visible. It appeared to be close at hand,
and looked exactly like those of 1833, with the exception of the long
thread. About three or four of the meteors enumerated above. did
not shoot from the diverging point: if they belonged to the same
set, they must have been drawn out of their course.
“ After as careful a survey asthe circumstances would permit, I have
no doubt that the centre of radiation was somewhere between the two
-starsin the head of Leo major, viz. « andy; and probably at the
precise spot where a meteor appeared and disappeared. I saw one
meteor start a few degrees north of u, (scarcely 3°,) to a point between
north and north-east, and its course, traced backwards, passed straight
‘over w and «; and the clear impression of the moment on my mind
20 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan.
was, that a line darted from « across » and onward, the line becoming
a meteor some distance farther on. Again, the set of three or four
which I have called a above, shot south-eastward, leaving Regulus
a little to the east: starting nearly on a parallel with Regulus, theit
pale traces, left in the sky, converged unmistakeably up to ¢ and p,
one trace proceeding a little more north than the other: and the
meteor noticed above which blazed out between these two stars
appears to reveal the true point of divergence : Some point near
y Leonis was the diverging point in 1833; if other observers
confirm my statement, some step, I imagine, will be gained towards
the determination of the orbit of the November shoal.
‘‘On the supposition that the meteors are not self-luminous, but
become visible after contact with our atmosphere, it would appear
that the atmosphere was unpierced by any meteors, (two excepted,) to
a distance of about 10° at most, all round e.
‘The apex of the Zodiacal light appeared to be some degrees south
of both of « and y Leonis.”
21st November, 1866.
‘ As a sequel to my letter of the 21st ultimo regarding the Noveme
ber meteors, I beg to forward the following particulars. The 27th to
the 29th November, and 7th to 12th December, are dates of observation
for meteors of a similar kind; but diverging meteors were not seen
again or detected till 24 a. m. of the 12th December ; they might have
come on at an earlier hour of that date, and they appear to have
passed off by 3 a. M.
“They shot divergingly and with great rapidity, not from a point
near y or « Leonis, but some point to the westward of these, between ¢
in the muzzle of Leo Major and the small stars in the foot of the
Lynx and the tip of its tail; some point about 29° or 30° of north
Declination, and 136° of Right Ascension. They darted out at the rate
of about three per minute; were small, described short and thin ares
of light, and left no traces: hence it was difficult to fix with any
degree of precision upon the exact point of divergence. Some showed
themselves only as moderate blazes or bursts of light about 40° or 50°
from this point, without any visible arc of light or course. A bright
meteor with a long train shot across the area of divergence from nearly
due south to north, or from Alphard in Hydra to 6 in Ursa Major,
1867. | Proceedings of the Asiatic Society 21
“This display of meteors had nothing brilliant or exciting in it :
but notwithstanding its tameness, I think it should be recorded.”
A letter from Dr. Duka presenting a specimen of a meteorite was read.
“‘ The piece of stone which I have the honor of presenting to the
Society, is a fragment of a large meteorite that fell near Knyahinya
in the neighbourhood of Nagy-Berezna in the county of Ungvér in
the north-east of Hungary, near the border of Gallicia.
“The phenomenon occurred on the 9th of June last, and according
to the statement of Professor Hirsch, communicated by him to Dr.
Haidinger of Vienna, the fragments were very numerous, as many as
sixty pieces being in the possession of different parties.
“It appears from all I could gather in the country, that on the after-
noon of the above-mentioned day, between 4 and 5 o’clock, an
enormous detonation took place, which could be compared to a simul-
taneous discharge of one hundred pieces of artillery. High on the
horizon a small cloud was visible, about ten times the size of the sun;
otherwise the heaven was perfectly clear. Upon the detonation, the
cloud dispersed in a radiating manner, and in the vacuity no flash was
visible. Two or three seconds after the discharge a noise was heard,
which seemed to be caused as if waters or rocks were dashing one
against another, and this lasted for nearly fifteen seconds; and at
last, with all traces of the cloud, entirely subsided. The labourers
working in the fields near the spot, state that, for full half an hour
afterwards, a smell of sulphur surrounded them.
“ All the fragments were collected within the circumference of about
1,200 yards: they vary in weight from a few ounces to large masses,
one of which weighs 27 pounds. A Jewish publican who was quite
close, took up a fragment immediately on its falling down, and declares
that it was cold like ice, but that his hands smelled of sulphur or
garlic for two days subsequently.
‘The phenomenon was seen in all directions of the compass, but at
a distance, it appeared, instead of a mere cloud, like a ball of fire ; and
the furthest distance from which it was reported to have been noticed,
is about 80 English miles.
“ As this phenomenon occurred about the time when the late disas-
rous Austrian campaign was about to commence, it excited more than
22 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan.
ordinary interest throughout Austria, and I doubt not but that a full
account of it will in due time be published by some of the Scientific
Societies in the Empire.
‘My specimen is 1 tb 4 ozs. 72 grs. in weight and 8 to 94 inches in
circumference : it is I believe of a structure and composition similar to
the Aerolite which fell near Parnallee in February 1857.”
Lieutenant W.J. Williamson, and G. A.D. Anley, Esq., duly proposed
at the last meeting, were balloted for and elected as ordinary members.
The following gentlemen were named for ballot as ordinary mem-
bers at the February meeting.
Colonel J. C. Brooke; proposed by Dr. J. Anderson, seconded by
Dr. J. Ewart.
. Lieutenant-Colonel Blair Reid, Governor-General’s Agent at Chumla;
proposed by Dr. J. Anderson, seconded by Mr. Grote.
EK. V. Westmacott, Esq., C. 8., B. A., Assistant Commissioner, Man-
bhoom ; proposed by Dr. J. Anderson, seconded by Mr. H. F. Blanford.
Alfred Woodley Croft, Esq., Professor, Presidency College ; proposed
by J. B. Branson, Esq., seconded by Mr. H. F, Blanford.
John Anderson Paul, Esq., Exchange Hall; proposed by J. H.
Branson, Esq., seconded by Mr. H. F. Blanford.
Letters from Dr. R. Bird and Lt. H. Trotter, intimating their desire
to withdraw from the Society were recorded.
An Ethnological Report of the Government of the Straits Settlement
‘was submitted.
In connection with the proposed Ethnographic Congress, Dr. Cleg-
horn exhibited five photographs by Messrs. Bourne and Shepherd,
illustrating the aborigines of the Himalaya and adjacent countries, who
occasionally find their way to Simla. The Kanaits of the Hill States
and the Guddees of Kangra were represented in their proper costume.
The most interesting group contained the figures of a Lama from
Lhassa and a North Tibetan from Zauskar, rarely seen at that
sanatorium.
The receipt of the following communications was announced—
1. From Baboo Gopee Nath Sen, Abstract of Hourly Meteorolo-
gical Observations made at the Surveyor General’s Office in Septem-
er last.
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. — 23
2. From H. Blochmann, Hsq., M. A.
“ Notes on Sherajuddaulah and the town of Moorshedabad, taken
from a Persian manuscript of the Tarikhi-i-Mansuri.”
3. From F.8. Growse, Esq., M. A. Oxon B. C. S.
“ Philological Notes.”’
4. From Professor EK. Von Schlagintweit.
“‘ Notes in reference to the question of the origin of the aboriginal
tribes of India.”
5. From J. Beames, Esq., C. 8.
“ Further Notes on the derivation of ‘Om and Amen.’
Lrprary.
The following are the additions made to the Library since the
meeting held in September last.
Presentations.
— **® The names of Donors in Capitals.
Die Fossilen Mollusken des Tertiir-Beckens von Wien, by Dr. M.
Bornes (Band. IT. Nos. 5 and 6. Bivalve).—Tue Avruor.
Proceedings of the Delhi Society (in Persian).—Tue Socrery.
A Treatise on Cultivation (in Persian) —Tue Denn Screntiric
Society. |
Catalogue of the American Philosophical Society’s Library, Part 2.—
Tue Society.
Reise der Oesterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den
Jahren, 1857-58-59, unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. Von Wiil-
lerstorf-Urbair. N autisch-Physicalischer Theil.— Tur Auruor.
An Index to Aitchison’s Treatises, Hngagements and Sunnuds.—
THe GovERNMENT oF Bena@at.
Ditto ditto— Tue Fortean Orrice.
A Manual of Mahomedan Civil Law in Canarese by Lieut. R. A Cole.
—Tur AUTHOR.
Hindu Social Laws and habits viewed in relation to health, by
Baboo Kony Lall Dey.—Tue AvTuor.
Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at
Harvard College, No. 1: Ophiuride and Astrophytide, by Professor
T. Lyman.—Tue Museum.
Ditto ditto No, 2; N. American Acalephe by Professor A. Agassiz.—
Ton Avtuor.
24 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jan.
Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.—PRrorEssor AGAssIz,
Report on the Calcutta Cyclone; by Lieut.-Col. J. E. Gastrell and
H. F. Blanford, Esq.—Tur Government or Bruneau.
Extracts from Harrington’s Analysis of Bengal Regulations.—Tuer
Forrten Orrice.
Abhandlungen der Koéniglichen Academie der Wissenschaften zu
Berlin, 1864.—Tue Acapemy or Science or Burin.
Observations on the functions of the liver by Dr. R. M’Donnell.—
THe AvurHor.
Catalogus Codicum Orientalium Bibliothecee Academize Lugduno-
Batave by P. Jong and M. J. de Goeje-—Tue Avruors.
Ichthyologischer Bericht tiber eine nach Spanien und Portugal un-
ternommene Reise by Dr. F. Steindachner.—Tue Avrnor.
- The Progress of England; a poem; to which are added Notes on
the organization of the British Empire—Tue Enrror.
Annals of Indian Administration, Vol. IX, Parts 8 and 4, Vol. X,
Parts 1 to 8—Tue Buneat GoveRNMENT.
Journal of the Chemical Society, Vol. IV; July, August and Sep-
tember, 1866 :—Tue Socrery.
Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, Vol. XXII,
Nos. 87, 88.—Tue Soctrery.
Journal of the Royal Geological Society of Ireland, Vol. I, Part 2 :—
Tue Society.
Journal Asiatique, Vol. IV, No. 15, Vol. VII, Nos. 24, 27,
Vol. VIII, No. 28, sixth series :—Tur Astatic Society or Parts.
Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. XV, Nos. 88, 86.—TuzE
Roya Socrety cr Lonpon.
Journal of the Statistical Society of London, Vol. XXIX, Part 3 :—
THE Socrery.
Bijdragen Taal-land-en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch Indié, Vol.
I, Parts 1 and 2, 3rd series—Tux Soctery.
Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Vol. XXV,
Part 2.—Tue Socrery.
Journal of Sacred Literature, Vol. X, No. 19—Txx Eprrors.
Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Zoology, Vol.
VIII. Nos. 31, 32, 33.—Tue Sootery.
Ditto ditto, Botany, Vol. IX, Nos. 36, 37, ditto ditto.—Tue Society.
1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 25
Sitzungsberichte der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Miin-
ehen; Vol. I, Parts 1 to 4; Vol. II, Parts 1, 2 :—Tue Soormrty.
The Calcutta Christian eihiashienk Nos. 318, 319, 322 and 323.—Tur
Hiprror.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol.
CLIV, Part 3, Vol. CLV, Part 1.—Tur Soctery.
Rahasya Sandarbha, Vol. Il, No. 34.—Tue Caucurra ScHoon
Boox Soctzry.
Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, (Palzontologia Indica),
Vol. IV, Part 1.—Tuz Government or Inpra.
Ditto ditto, Vol. IV. Part I—Tue Government or Brneat.
Ditto ditto, Vol. IV. Part I:—Tue Superintenpent oF THE GEOLO-
@IcAL SURVEY.
Report (Annual) on the Administration of the Province of Oudh
for 1864-65.—Tur GoverNMENT oF BENGAL.
Report on the Administration of the Madras Presidency, for 1864,
1865.—Tur Government or BENGAL.
Selection from the Records of Bengal Government, No. 42.—Tuxz
GoveRNMENT or BENGAL.
Return shewing the operations of the Income Tax Act in the
N. W. P. for 1864-65.— Tur Government or Benaat.
Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, Vol. IV,
Parts 5, 6.—Tue Royat Instrrvrion.
Selection from the Records of the Bombay Government, No. 96.—
Tus Government or Bomzay.
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland,
Vol. II, Part I.— Tue Socrery.
Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg,
Vol. VII, Nos. 3 to 6, Vol. VIII, Nos. 1 to 6, Vol. IX, Nos. 1 to 4.:—
Tue ACADEMY.
Memoires de 1’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg
Vol. IX, Nos. 1 to 7, Vol. X, Nos. 1 to 2.—Tue Imprrrar metals
Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. X,
Nos. 4, 5.—Tue Royat Guograpurcan Socrery.
Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society of London, Vol.
XXXIV.—Tue Soctrery.
Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. IV, Pait 3, Vol. V,
Parts 1, 2, 8— Tun Surerirenpent or tux GroLocrcan SuRvEY.
26 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ JAN.
Catalogue of the Organic remains belonging to the Echinodermata
in the Museum of the Geological Survey of India.—Tae Same.
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlindischen Gesellschaft, Vol. XX,
Part 2 :—Tue Eprtor.
Annual Report, with Tabular Statements for the year 1865, on the
condition and management of the Jails in the N. W. P.—Tue Govr.
NooWek.
Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, Vol. XIII, Part 4; Vol.
XIV, Part 1.—Tue Enprrors.
Det Kongelige Norske TFrederiks Universitets Aarsberitning,;
1863.—Tue University or CuristTIANIA. ;
- Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Vols. VII, VIII, and IX,
Part 1.—Tue Acapemy.
Transactions of the Royal, ditto ditto, Vol. XXIV, Antiquities, ©
Parts 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.—Ditto ditto.
Ditto ditto ditto ditto, Science, Parts 4, 5, 6.—Ditto ditto.
Ditto ditto ditto ditto, Polite Literature, Parts 2, 3.—Ditto ditto.
Report on the Survey Operations of the Lower Provinces of Bengal,
Ist October, 1864 to 30th September, 1865.—Tuz GovERNMENT oF
Brn@at.
Report (General) on the Revenue Survey Operations of the Bengal
Presidency for 1864-65.—Forzten Department,
Selection from the Records of Government N. W. P. Part XLIV.—
Tur GovERNMENT OF BENGAL.
Selections from the Revenue Records for 1818-20.—Tue Same.
Monatsberichte der Kéniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissen-
schaften zu Berlin, for 1865.—Tue AcapEmy or Scrence, Barun.
Compilation from Rollins’ Ancient History, with additions; trans_ —
lated into Urdu No. 9.—Tue Sorentiric Socizry or ALIGuUR.
Selection from the Records of the Government of India, (Foreign
Department) No. 5.—Tur Government oF Inpt1a.
Auctores Sanscrita, Vol. I, Parts 1, 2— Tae Sanscrrr Text
Society.
Recueil de Voyages et de Memoires, publié par la Société de Géo-
eraphie, Vol. VII.—Tusx Socrery.
Fyzabad Settlement Report, Nos. 1 to 3.—By P. Carnuay, Exe.—
Tue AUTHOR.
1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 27
Report (Annual) of the Dispensaries of N. W. P. for 1865.—Tuz
GovERNMENT or THE N, W. P.
Exchanges.
The Atheneum for July, August, September and October, 1866,
The Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Sciences, Vol. XXXI,
Nos, 214, 215, Vol. XXXII, No. 216. ©
Purchases,
Cowasjee Pattell’s Chronology.
Les Religions et les Philosophies dans l’Asie Centrale by M.1' E.
Gobineau. |
The Ferns of British India, Part 14, by Capt. R. H. Beddome.
Sanscrit Wérterbuch, Part 31.
Sketches in India; by Capt. A. N. Scott.
La Maha Bharuta, by H. Fauche, Vols. IV. and V.
The Kamil of El Mubarrad, Part 2, by W. Wright, Esq.
Hewitson’s Exotic Butterflies, Part 60.
Hssay on the Sacred language, writing and religion of the Parsees ;
by Dr. M. Haug.
Gimnther’s Zoological Records, Vol. II.
Dictionary of British Indian Dates.
Idylls from the Sanscrit ; by R. T. H. Griffith.
Reeve’s Conchologia Iconica, Parts 258 and 259.
The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Vol. XVII, Nos. 104,
105, 106, 107. :
Comptes Rendus de lAcadémie des Sciences, Tom. LXIII.
Nos. 2 to 19.
Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Numismatic Society. New
Series, Vol. VI, Parts 1, 2, 3.
Journal des Savants, July, August, September and October, 1866.
The Quarterly Review, Vol. CXIX, Nos. 239, 240.
Revue des Deux Mondes, from 15th July to Ist November, 1866.
Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, Vol. XVIII, Nos. 7, 8, 9.
Journal of the American Society of Sciences and Arts, Vol. XVII,
Nos. 124, 125.
Abhandlungen fiir die Kunde des Morgenlandes, Vol. IV, No. 4.
The Ibis; A Magazine of General Ornithology, Vol. II, Nos. 7, 8.
28 Proceedings of the Asvatic Society.
Annuaire des deux Mondes; Histoire Générale des divers Etats,
Vol. XII, for 1864-65.
Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Band CXXV, Stiick 12.
The Indian Medical Gazette, Nos. 10 and 11.
The American Journal of Science and Arts, No. Te for Septem-
ber, 1866.
The Edinburgh Review, Vol. CXXIV, No. 254.
The Annals of Indian Medical Science, Nos. 19, 20 and 21.
The London and Edinburgh Philosophical 1] iia and Journal
of Science, Vol. XXXII, No. 217.
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
For Fresruary, 1867.
> @@@u--
The monthly meeting was held on Wednesday the 6th February,
1867, at 9 P. M.
Dr. J. Fayrer, President, in the chair.
The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.
The following presentations were announced,
From Lieutenant-Colonel B. Ford, Superintendent, Port Blair;
a box of mineral specimens.
2. From H. B. Webster, Esq., Officiating Collector, Bulandshuhar ;
a copper plate inscription found in a ruined Gurbee situated in Mouzah
Manpore, Pergunnah Agowtha.
Mr. Blanford, on the part of the Rev. Mr. Henderson, exhibited a
specimen of printing in a new kind of Arabic type, the invention of the
Rev. M. Jules Ferette.
With reference to the type, Mr Blochmann said ;—
“The Arabic print, which Mr. Blanford has kindly exhibited, is very
interesting, as it is a specimen of a simple but very elegant invention,
To print Arabic texts with the vowel points is a matter of some
difficulty, as the diacritical points are generally put up in separate
rows above and below the text. Mr. Ferette of Damascus has suc-
ceeded in printing Arabic texts with the vowel points an a single line,
This he accomplishes—
1. By omitting unnecessary points, as the jazm and the wasl.
_ 2. By putting between every two consonants a small joining
stroke, .
30 Proceedings of the Asiatie Society. [Fes
8. By removing the vowel points a little to the left from their
positions above or below the consonants, so as to come above or below
the joining strokes.
““M. Ferette has now cast types containing both the joining strokes
and the vowel points. The joining strokes are of course small,
but would not look bad even if they were a little larger, and the
removal of the points to the left is rather pleasing, as the con-
sonants also incline to the left, in accordance with the rules of Arabic
calligraphy,
‘There is only one defect, which, I dare say, could be remedied ; viz.
in the connected form of the letters jim, he and khe, which in M.
Ferette’s specimen consist each of 4 strokes instead of 3.
“With this exception, the general appearance of the types in question
is very pleasing, whilst the decrease of the cost and the saving of labour
appear to be so considerable, as to justify the belief that M. Ferette’s
invention will soon be generally adopted.” 7
The Council reported that they have nominated the following gentle-
men to serve in the several Committees in the ensuing year.
FINANCE.
Colonel J. E. Gastrell.
A. Mackenzie, Hsq.
Dr. T. Oldham. |
PHILOLOGY.
Major W. N. Lees.
A. Grote, Esq.
H. Blochmann, Ksq.
E. C. Bayley, Esq.
The Rev. J. Long.
C. H. Tawney, Esq.
Baboo Jadava Krishna Sing.
Maulavi Abdul Latif Khan Bahadur,
LIBRARY.
A. Grote, Esq.
Major W. N. Lees.
Dr. T. Anderson.
Dr. T. Oldham.
1867.]
°
Proceedings of the Asiatic Society.
Dr. D. B. Smith.
W.S. Atkinson, Esq.
Dr. F. Stoliczka.
Natura. History.
Dr. T. Anderson.
Dr. S. B. Partridge.
Dr. D. B. Smith.
Dr. F. Stoliczka.
Dr. T. Oldham.
W. 8S. Atkinson, Esq.
W. Theobald Esq., Junior.
A. Grote, Esq.
Baboo Debendra Mullick.
METEOROLOGICAL AND PuysicaL Screncn.
Dr. T. Oldham.
Colonel J. E. Gastrell.
Captain J. P. Basevi.
Dr. S. B. Partridge.
Lieutenant-Colonel J. T. Walker.
D. Waldie, Esq.
Corn CoMMITTEER.
Major W. N. Lees.
A. Grote Esq.
Captain F. W. Stubbs.
K. C. Bayley, Esq.
CoMMITTEE oF Papers.
All the members of the Council.
SravTisticaAL CoMMITTEE.
Dr. J. Ewart.
C. B, Garrett, Esq.
Lieutenant-Colonel J. T. Walker.
The Hon’ble G. Campbell.
ErHnoLogicaL CoMMITTEE,
Lingwistic Section.
Babu Rajendralala Mitra.
The Hon’ble G. Campbell,
~H, Blochmann, Esq.
31
32 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Fee
Major W. N. Lees.
J. Beames, Esq.
Dr. J. Anderson.
H. Beverley, Esq., Secretary.
Physical Section.
A. Grote, Esq.
Dr. S. B. Partridge.
Dr. T. Oldham.
Dr. J. Ewart.
Dr. J. Fayrer.
H. F. Blanford, Esq.
Dr. John Anderson, Secretary.
Letters from the Hon’ble G. Loch and C. W. Hatten, Esq., intimat-
ing their desire to withdraw from the Society, were recorded.
The following gentlemen proposed at the last meeting were balloted
for and elected as ordinary members.
Colonel J. C. Brooke. |
K. V. Westmacott, Esq.,
Lieutenant-Colonel B. Reid.
A. W. Croft, Esq.
J. A. Paul, Esq.
The following gentlemen were named for ballot as ordinary members
at the next meeting.
W. G. Willson, Esq., B. A., Cathedral Mission College; pro-
posed by Mr. H. F. Blanford, seconded by the Rev. J. Barton.
G. E. Knox, Esq., B. ©. 8 7 proposed by Mr. H. F. Blanford, se-
conded by the Rev. J. Barton.
The Hon’ble W. Markby; proposed by Mr. Grote, seconded by Mr.
Blanford. _
Babu Peary Mohun Mookerjee, M. A; proposed by Mr. Grote,
seconded by Mr. Blanford.
Captain H. W. King, Commander P. and Q. Service; proposed by
Dr. J. Fayrer, seconded by Mr. Blanford.
F. Hill, Esq., Professor of Civil Engineering, Presidency College ;
proposed by Dr. Fayrer, seconded by Mr. Blanford.
Baboo Jogindro Mullick, Zemindar of Andul; proposed by Baboo
Jadava Krishna Sing, seconded by Babu Rajendralala Mitra.
1867. ] . Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 33
The following letter from Mr. Thomas on the derivation of Arian
Alphabets was read—
- “T am glad to find that my notice of the derivation of Arian Alpha-
bets attracted attention, and I am most curious to learn the course the
discussion took at the meeting of the Asiatic Society of Bengal ; more
especially as I am now following out the Indian section of’ the en-
quiry, and have arrived, already, at some unexpected results, tending
to confirm the original Dravidian derivation of the Sanskrit Alphabet.
The readers of our Journal will not fail to call to mind that Prinsep,
in his early comments upon the Lat alphabet, pointed out that, in
many instances, the aspirate letters were formed by a duplication of the
lines of their corresponding sample letters. The question was not
raised as to when these aspirates had been designed, but the inference
was, that they had been formed simultaneously with the simple letters,
and out of the same elements. I have a different theory to propose,
which I submit for the examination and comments of your members ;
it is to assume that all the simple letters were Dravidian, and consti-
tuted a complete and sufficient alphabet for that class of languages,
while the aspirates were later additions required for the due expression
of Magadhi and other northern dialects, as the Sanskrit in after times
added its own sibilants to the latter alphabet. A glance at the subjoined
comparative alphabets will shew the 20 consonants (out of the full 21)
of the Dravidian system, as opposed to the 31 consonants of the
Prakrit of Asoka’s edicts, Of the additional aspirates of the latter
scheme, two only can in any way claim to be ordinary duplications ;
the chh, and th; while a more simple origin might be sought for
the latter in a common circle: dh, dh and ph may fairly be taken as
intentional modifications of their corresponding normal letters, but
kh, and gh, like th, and th have more in common as fellow aspirates
than association with their own leading consonants ; and finally jh and
_bh seem to have been unfettered adaptations. The s (¢)) again differs
from the y (|) only in the reversal of the leading lower limb. As the
alphabetical data, upon which alone we have now to rely, are derived
from inscriptions embodying a different language, and dating so late
as B. C. 250, we can scarcely expect to recover the missing Dravidian
/ consonants, but one at least of the vowel tests is significant in the
extreme. The Dravidian vowels, as contrasted with the Sanskrit
series by Caldwell, arrange themselves as follows ;
34 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Frs.
Sanskrit, a, 4, i, i, u, a, ri, ri, lri,p—, 6, ai,—, 6, ail, n, ah.
Tamil, a, 4, i, i, u, a, -—, —, —, e, 6, ei, 0, 6, —, —, —.
‘¢ The value of the simple e, in the Lat character, admits of no doubt,
the outline of the letter takes the form of [>, while the elongated vowel
is constructed by a duplication of the sound, effected by the addition
of a medial e, thus > = Le, apparently the original Dravidian 6, (or
possibly ei,) but which, in Asoka’s inscriptions, is made to do duty for
ai. In the more distinctly Sanskrit adaptations of the Devana-
gari Bactrian alphabet, the initial A [9 ] formed the basis of all the ©
olher vowels, whose varying values were discriminated by their several
vowel marks. ,
“ T am unwilling to enlarge upon an avowedly speculative suggestion,
but I think few will fail to detect the contrast between the archaic
crudeness of the simple letters and the more complicated and cursive
forms of the aspirates in the Lat alphabet. Had the latter class of
characters uniformly followed the typical design of their corresponding
simple letters, there would have been more reason to have assumed a
simultaneous and congruous initiation ; but the introduction of anoma-
lous signs among the gutturals, the remarkable cursive development
assigned to the aspirates, as opposed to the stiff outline of its simple
prototype (an advance equal in degree, but less obviously marked in the
dh, and dh,) and the inconsistent development of the 0A, upon the
basis of the old d, all seem to indicate a later and independent
elaboration of the aspirates.
Prakrit. Dravidian.
Conso-
nants ‘5 » A »” A
d 99 59
2 ee St = me
Sean G9 Co ry ol -p
—eo © O © .35
tT M™ oe &
e¢ oe Hom
€ €
r
7
ae b
ibe ule: a]
oC Se eam
Vowels H :: L D se ki D
J J
Medials, ké +, ki +, ki +, ku +
Ke.
Sanskrit additions to the Lat alphabet. M = W, y= 4%.”
1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 35
Babu Rajendralala Mitra said that it was with great diffidence that
he ventured to make a few remarks on the letter read to the meeting.
The prominent position held by Mr. Thomas as an oriental scholar ;
his thorough knowledge of the antiquities of this country, and the
service he had already rendered to Indian history by his varied and
learned researches, claimed for his opinions and theories the highest
| consideration. His conversancy with Oriental paleography was
unrivalled, and anything said by him in regard to it, was sure to
command the respect of all. Then again the arguments on which
his new theory of the Dravidian origin of Sanscrit writing was based,
had not yet been all given out, and, in their absence, it was impossible
to discuss the subject in all its bearings without risk of serious mis-
| takes. The few words that he had then to say, were intended,
} therefore, more to comply with Mr. Thomas’s wish to provoke discus-
} sion, and to direct attention to such objections as suggest themselves
| at first sight, in order that truth may be ultimately elicited, than to
| rebut his theory.
| The subject mooted by Mr. Thomas was of great importance, and
| since his first letter about it was read to the Society in July last,
it had engaged the attention of many persons who take an interest in
Oriental antiquities. Since the receipt of Mr. Thomas’s last letter, he
| had himself jotted down afew notes, the substance of which he wished
| to bring to the notice of the meeting. These he would read as follow,—
“The general position laid down by Mr. Thomas is that ‘the
| Arians invented no alphabet of their own for their special form of
| human speech, but were, in all their migrations, indebted to the
| nationality amid which they settled for their instruction in the science
| of writing.’ He then instances the Persian cuneiform, the Greek, the
} Latin, the Zend, the Pehlavi and the Devandgari, as alphabets bor-
|rowed by the Arians. It is to the last that I wish to confine my-
Self for the present, as it is to that I have, in my humble way, directed
| my study for some time.
| “It has been said that if the Arians did not elsewhere originate an
| alphabet, it is not likely that they should do so in India, and that if
| they always borrowed elsewhere, it is to be presumed that they did
| so also in this country. But such a line of argument is neither logical
| nor fair, The Arian race migrated from their cradle at different
36 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Fes.
times under very different circumstances, and it is not to be supposed
that their intellectual condition should remain alike at all times and
under all circumstances. As far as we know, the Hellenic and the
Teutonic Arians left their common home at a very early period, and the
Indians the latest. There would be nothing inconsistent or illogical,
therefore, in the supposition that the later colonists went forth in
a more advanced social condition than their predecessors, having
originated a system of alphabetic writing. But supposing, and
most probably such was the case, that they came to India before
they had discovered the art of writing, there is nothing to prevent 7
a highly intellectual race from doing so in their adopted country.
Indeed the stability of the major of Mr. Thomas is entirely dependent
upon the issue of this minor; if it can be shewn that the Hindus
did succeed in devising a system of alphabetic writing without borrow-
ing from their neighbours, the general proposition must break down,
and the enquiry therefore may, without fear of error, be confined to
India.
“Now, in India the Arians came in contact with the Dravidian
aborigines, and Mr. Thomas therefore supposes that they must have
got their alphabet from those aborigines. But there is not a shadow
of historical evidence to shew that those aborigines had a written
literature at the time when the Arians came to this country, or for
some time after it. Nobody has yet discovered a Dravidian book
or inscription sufficiently old to justify such a presumption, nor is there
a single tradition extant of there ever having existed a Dravidian
literary composition, either sacred or profane, of a pre-Vedic era. The
ancient history of the Dravidians, apart from the Arians, is a blank.
All that we know of them is from the writings of the Brahmans,
and there we find them to have been the very reverse of a literary
race. The races alluded to are the Coles, the Bheels and the
Minahs of our day—the rude primitive people who inhabit our woods
and wilds, and contend with the tiger of our jungles for a precarious
existence. They might have been more civilized before : that some
of them owned houses and fortified places, large herds, and stores of
gold, is susceptible of proof: but the only source of information —
accessible to us of these prehistoric times are the Vedas, the oldest
Arian records extant, and they describe them to have been, in the days
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 37
of the Brahminic Rishis, barbarians of the lowest type, and our poets
confounded them with monkeys and satyrs—or wild men of the woods —
who were not to be included in the pale of humanity. Some of the
epithets used in the Vedas to indicate the aborigines are remarkable.
The Rig Veda describes them as Mridhravdch or ‘of imperfect
speech.’ Elsewhere they are said to be Andsa or ‘ mouthiess” or
** speechless.’”’ Some Rishis condemned them as ‘‘ priestless and hymn-
less, fit only to be slain.” In short, if any faith is to be put in the
Vedic narratives regarding the social condition of the people of India
in primitive times, we must accept the bulk of the aborigines to have
been in a state of society in which leaves and bark supplied the place
of clothing, the shade of trees served for boudoirs, and hollows and
caverns occupied the place of bedrooms. And all this at a time when
the Brahmins had lofty houses, fine clothing, gold ornaments, horses
and cars, iron implements, divers arts, poets, astronomers and musi-
| cians, in short, everything indicating a tolerably advanced state of
civilization. Admitting that they had not come to the art of writing,
was it likely that their naked neighbours should have come to it? If
we trace the growth and history of the Arian colonization in India, we
are led to the conclusion that the Arians continued steadily to advance,
and the Dravidians to recede and decay. The Arians gradually became
the masters of the finest provinces, and the Drayidians partly betook
themselves to jungles and mountain fastnesses, partly got incorporated
with the intrusive population, and partly submitted to them as bond
slaves, living out of the bounds of their cities and owning no property,
This degradation, physical and moral, was not a state of things which
would help the Dravidians to take the start of the Arians, and devise
the means of recording literary composition, which the latter should
fail to achieve. It may be said that the Arians reviled the aborigines
|) from a lofty sense of their own superiority, and called them aszknis
| or “ blackies,” very much in the same spirit in which the roughs
among their own conquerors call them ‘‘ niggers’ in the present day,
and that they were not the repositories of everything that is vile, as
they are described to have been. But it is the very gist of the
present enquiry to ascertain the relation of the two races in the
scale of civilization, and it would be begging the question to say that
the Dravidians originated the art of writing, and the Arians borrowed
38 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Fes.
it. It would be a mere statement without any reliable evidence to
support it, no more than to support the theory that the Sanskrit
grammar was elaborated at Taxila and not elsewhere in the Panjab,
or even in Brahmavarta.
“Mr. Thomas assumes that the Brahminic Arians first constructed
an alphabet in the Arianian provinces out of an archaic type of Pheeni-
cian, which they continued to use, until they discovered the superior
fitness and capabilities of the local Pali. He states that he has been
collecting proofs of this for some time past, and each fresh enquiry
.
.
more and more confirms his early impression. It is a matter of regret
that the published report of his lecture does not give any of his
evidences, and I am at a loss, therefore, to know on what grounds he
takes the Arian alphabet to have been elaborated in the Arianian
provinces before the Brahmins came to India. That alphabet may
be a Bactrian adaptation from the Pheenician, but the question is,
when did the Brahmans first use it? The oldest Arian record is
long subsequent to Buddhism ; none that I know of dates before the
Pali edicts of As’oka; and there is nothing to bridge over the gap of
at least some thirteen hundred years between that time and the period
when the Brahmans dwelt in Bactria.
‘‘ Then as to the Pali, it is evident that it existed in the country long
before the time of As’oka. The different shapes under which the
same letters of the Pali alphabet appear at Junaghur and Dhauli are
marked and peculiar, and they cannot be accounted for by any candid
enquirer, except on the supposition that long usage had brought on
local peculiarities. The allusions to alphabetic writing in Panini and
other purely Indian pre-Buddhist authors point likewise to an
Indian, and not to a Bactrian alphabet. Again, the oldest Sanskrit
inscription that has yet been found is recorded in the Pali (the
Junagarh inscription of As’oka) and not in the Arian letters; indeed
no Sanskrit inscription has yet been met with in the Arian characters.
The Pali, besides, is a vernacular form of the Sanskrit—the first stage
in its transition to the Prakrit—and the alphabet used to write it
down may more reasonably be taken to be its legitimate vehicle, and
not that of the Dravidian, of which no inscription of any kind, either
- old or new, has yet been discovered in the Pali character. Indeed,
I can see no connexion whatever between the Dravidian languages
1867. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 39
g 4
and the Pali character. The name Pali is derived from the Sanskrit
palu a house or palli a village, meaning a domestic or village dialect,
that is the vernacular, which was not necessarily, nor even probably,
Dravidian. But were we to leave all philological proofs aside, and
admit the northern Indian vernacular of former days to have been
Dravidian, still it must be borne in mind that that name has been
recently given to it by Europeans, and therefore it cannot be used as
an argument in favour of, or against, the question at issue. Prinsep
called the character Lat ; had he named it Sanskrit it would have ob-
viated much unnecessary discussion. The giant, in short, is of our own
creation, and we can destroy it in any way we like.
“ As to the Bactrian, those characters flourished coterminously with
the Pali for writing the vernacular in the trans-Indus Provinces,
and that too at a time when those provinces were under Bactrian
supremacy. It is very rarely met with in the chief seats of the
Brahmins, and the natural inference would be, that political influence
led to the use of a foreign alphabet in writing down a Sanskritic
vernacular—a Sir Charles Trevelyan of the time enforcing a pet
system of Bactrianism. The Roman letters are now being used for
writing many Indian dialects, Until recently, many up-country Hindus
wrote, and indeed even to this day write down their Hindi in Persian
characters. I have seen more than one Hindi book printed in Arabic
letters. Sheikh Sadi, the Persian moralist, wrote his rekht4 verses—
that is Hindi—in Persian; and well may have Bactrian satraps got
the Indian Vernacular of their time written in their own national
characters. At any rate the use of the Bactrian to record the Pali
edicts of A’soka in the Usafzai country, (and that is the oldest instance
of the use of the Bactrian,) can in no way prove the antiquity of
the Bactrian higher than that of the Pali, as the medium of writing
down Sanskrit.
““ One remarkable fact which proves the Brahminic origin of the Pali
alphabet is its fullness. It contains a number of letters,—aspirates,
sibilants and long vowels,—which no Tamilian language has ever had
| any occasion to use. Had the alphabet been designed by the Tamils,
these would never have been devised. Mr. Thomas, in the letter just
| read, has accounted for them by supposing that the Dravidians had
| them not, and that the Brahmins added them to adapt the alphabet to
40 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Frr.
their use. Had such been the case, there would have been some trace in
the formation of the letters to indicate their origin under different
states of civilization. Such, however, is entirely wanting. The as-
pirated letters in the simplicity of their configuration differ in no
respect from the surds and the sonants. The one set appears to have
been produced by the same intellectual effort as the other, and the two
are of character exactly alike. I admit that three out of the ten aspi-
rates, viz. chh, th and ph appear to be duplications or modifications of
the surds ch, ¢ and p., but they constitute only one-fourth of the total
of 12 aspirates, the rest of which are perfectly independent in design
and shape. Mr. Thomas thinks the bh to be an inconsistent develop-
ment upon the basis of the old d, but there is no reason to show
why the aspirated sonant of the labial class should be formed on the
model of the unaspirated sonant of the dental, instead of the same
letter of its own class. I cannot therefore admit the argument to be
of any value. Again the s is supposed to be an adaptation of the y,
‘¢ produced by the reversal of its leading lower limb.” But the question
remains unanswered, why the s should be formed on the model of y to
which it bears no phonetic resemblance whatsoever, instead of any
other letter ? The hypothesis in this case involves another difficulty ; it
assumes that the Sanskrit first coined only one s sound, leaving it to
be inferred that the other two sibilants were introduced into the
language a long time after, when we know for certain that the San-
skrit originally had three sibilants, two of which it lost in the Prakrits.
As tothe vowels, nothing can be more natural than that the long and —
the short sounds of the same kind should be indicated by slight modi-
fications of the same figure. I cannot conceive that, to account for them,
it is necessary to assume their origin at different times under the in-
fluence of different nationalities. Those who can devise a system of
alphabetic writing may safely be presumed to have sufficient in-
telligence to make the same letter do duty for both a long and a short
sound by a slight modification.
‘One other argument in favour of the Tamilian origin of the Sanscrit
alphabet T have now to notice: it is the use of what are called cerebral _
or lingual letters. It has been said that the Arians never used cerebral
letters; we find them not in the Zend, the Greek, the Latin, and the _
Teutonic ; ergo they should not be found in the Sanscrit ; but since
1867. | Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 41
they are, they must have been taken from the Tamilians. But the ma-
jor premise in this argument is not tenable. The cerebral letters used
in the Sanscrit are r,1,sh, t, th,d, dh, and n. Of these, r and sh are
common to all the Arian languages, and that is enough to shew
that the general premise is founded on a mistake, and the deduction
from it consequently cannot be accepted as true. It is possible some
may tell me that by cerebrals Messrs. Caldwell, Norris and Thomas
allude tot th d dh and n, and not to all the letters of that class.
This shifting of the ground would scarcely be fair in argument, but
accepting the premises on this narrow basis, I think there is not proof
sufficient to support it. We know not whether the old fire-worship-
pers pronounced their ¢ as B and not S, nor do we know the sound
that letter had among the Greeks and Romans, for the Greek as
pronounced now is not the Greek that was, and were old Homer to
appear among the dons of Oxford or Cambridge, he would be almost as
unintelligible to the Porsons of our day, as he would be to the people
of this country. Leaving the Zend, the Greek and the Latin as
uncertain, if we turn to the Teutonic and the Sclavonic, we find the
cerebral consonants by no means unknown. The Low German along
the shore of the Baltic has them, and they are dominant in the
Scandinavian, the Russian and the Lithuanian. In the English
the § is unknown, and, notwithstanding the dictum of grammarians
that the English ¢ was a dental, it is rarely that an Englishman can
pronounce the sound of §. With him B is the only letter known, and
he uses it both for @ and s&s. Mr. Norris in his paper on the
“‘Seythic Tablets” of Behistun, accounts for the presence of t (@) in
the Scandinavian and the Icelandic, by supposing it to have been
borrowed from the Lapp—a Tartar language; but I imagine he will
not try to assign to the same cause the origin of the English ¢. Were
he to do so, he would have to prove, in the first place, that nations can
borrow sounds, and secondly, that the Anglo-Saxons really did so.
- It is well known that physical and social causes may lead to the
loss of certain sounds in a language. The Brahminic Arian original-
ly had a guttural g, which the enervating influence of India soon
softened down to the modern @. In our own day, the Persians and
Moghals in Bengal lose the guttural (3 in the course of a single gene-
ration, Aspirates and compound consonants are being constantly
42 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. | [ Fes.
softened down through the agency of that and like causes, and often
without any apparent cause whatever. Indeed this tendency in
languages to soften and wear out and arrange themselves in new
forms, is the chief agency in the formation of new dialects, and with
its aid we can easily account for the absence of particular letters in
particular languages. But there is no proof, on the other hand, to show
that nations can borrow sounds. Professor Bihler of Poonah, in a
learned paper on the “‘ Sanskrit Linguals,” published in the Journal of
the Madras Asiatic Society, justly observes :
““* Regarding the borrowing of sounds, it may suffice for the present
to remark that it never has been shown to occur in the languages which
were influenced by others in historical times, such as English, Spanish,
and the other Romance languages, Persian, &c. Let us consider
the case of the English. Though half of its words have been
imported by the Norman race, though most of. the old Saxon inflec-
tions have perished in the struggle between the languages of the
conqueror and the conquered, though in some instances even Norman
affixes have entered the organism of the original language, the quietism
of the Saxon organs of speech has opposed a passive and successful
resistance to the introduction of foreign sounds. The English has
received neither the clear French ‘a,’ nor its ‘u,’ nor its peculiar nasals.
On the contrary it has well preserved its broad, impure vowels and
diphthongs, and it is now as difficult for the Englishman to pronounce
the French ‘a,’ or ‘ u,’ as it was for his Saxon ancestors eight hundred
years ago. But we find still stronger evidence against the loan-theory
in the well-known fact, that nations which, like the Jews, the Parsees,
the Slavonic tribes of Germany, the Irish, etc., have lost their
mother-tongues, are, as nations, unable to adopt, with the words and
grammatical laws, also the pronunciation of the foreign language.
They adapt its sounds to their own phonetic system, and their pecu-
liarities are recognisable even after the lapse of centuries.’
‘‘ In this country the Afghans, the Persians and the Moghals have
failed, in seven hundred years, to acquire the peculiarities of the Indian
vernacular sounds, and the Hindus, in a like period, have equally failed to
utter the Persian ¢ and G. Other instances may be adduced ad lzbitwm,
but they are, I believe, not necessary. The point at issue is to show
that sounds have been borrowed, and not to prove the negative. I shall
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 43
leave the subject, therefore, to those who advocate the loan-theory undet
notice. I may observe, however, that even if it be possible to prove
its possibility, it will make but small progress in supporting the
conjecture that the Eastern Arians never had any cerebral letter in
their language. The Sanskrit has for its basis between 18 and 19
hundred verbal roots, which, by an ingenious series of inflections,
agglutinations, affixes and suffixes, produce the entire vocabulary
of the language. Now out of these 1800, 835 roots have the
contested cerebral letters; 182 of which have the consonants exclu-
sive of r, 116 end in sh, and 37 inri, orri. If the loan-theory were
admitted, it will have to be proved that the Brahmins, though
conquerors and the more civilized of the two, had to borrow one-fifth
of their verbal roots from the despised aborigines, and that too at a
time when the Rig Veda hymns were first sung by the ancient Rishis.
This is a feat which, in the present state of philology, will not be
easy of accomplishment.”
Mr. Bayley said, that he could not but regret that the whole of the
evidence on which the theory of Mr. Thomas was based, was not
before the Society. It was of course impossible fully to judge of the
merits of that theory until this was the case. Mr. Thomas’s propo-
sitions were in fact two in number ;—1st, that the Aryan race generally,
and the Indian branch of it in particular, borrowed and did not invent
their alphabets ; and secondly, that the particular Indian alphabet, of
which the earliest form was that known popularly as the ‘‘ Lath”
character, was borrowed from the Dravidian races which were in
occupation of India or part of it, before the advent of the Brahmins.
Now he thought, that at least the grounds on which the first
proposition was based, were to some extent apparent. It was not, as
Baboo Rajendra Lal seemed to suppose, based solely on the argument
that the Aryan race having clearly borrowed alphabets in some cases,
were necessarily to be considered incapable of originating one for
themselves. Rajendra Lal indeed did not deny that the Aryans had
borrowed alphabets from the natives whose countries they overran,
and one undeniable instance of this action on their part, was their
adoption of the arrow-headed character.
As Mr. Bayley understood Mr, Thomas’s assumption, however, it
| was at least based on better ground than Baboo Rajendra Lal imagined :
At Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Fes.
When a nation already sufficiently organized and powerful to overrun
its neighbours, starts on a career of conquest, and, having as yet no
alphabet of its own, occupies countries where an alphabet is already
established, it was a priori improbable that it should take the trouble
of inventing one of its own. Of course, it did not follow, as Rajendra
Lal pointed out, that because the earlier Aryan hordes possessed no
alphabet of their own invention, that this was necessarily the case also
with later hordes, issuing from the same stock and the same ‘ nidus,”
but there was a strong antecedent improbability that a race which cer-
tainly at a comparatively late period of the world’s history possessed
no alphabet, and was then surrounded by neighbours who did, neigh-
bours with whom, by conquest, some sort of intercourse must have
been established,—should nevertheless invent rather than adopt an
alphabet. Ceasing, however, to argue from pure probabilities, there
was, Mr. Bayley thought, some external evidence for concluding that
the Lath alphabet was not an Aryan invention, but adopted.
It was not the only alphabet used by the Aryan race in India: at
the earliest date which could be assigned probably to any Lath
inscription, there was another character which Mr. Bayley would call
the Bactro-Pali, equally well established in Northern India, and em-
ployed to express what might be called identically the same language.
In Northern India, including Cabul, it might be said that this
alphabet reigned supreme ; south of the Jumna on the other hand was
the region of the Lath character and its branches. Intermediately
between say the Jumna and the Jhelum was a tract of debateable ground,
in which however, at the early date above mentioned, the Bactro-Pali -
certainly predominated on one inscription ; and many coins belonging
to this tract are however certainly bi-literal, expressing absolutely the
same words in both characters.
If it be supposed that a later emigration of the Aryan race, leaving
its cradle after the invention of the Lath character, carried it with
them to Central and Southern India, one or other of the following
two several suppositions must necessarily be accepted; neither of
which seemed at all probable in itself or supported by any evidence.
If, for example, it be supposed that the whole of the Indian Aryan
branch quitted its original resting-place together, then it must be
supposed that one portion abandoned its native alphabet and adopted
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 45
one that it found existing, or that, discarding its own alphabet, it
arbitrarily invented one totally different, while the rest of the horde,
pressing on southwards, retained and cherished their own. |
If, on the other hand, the two branches be looked upon as two separate
emigrations, one before and one after the supposed invention of the
Aryan Alphabet, then we are to suppose that, passing through countries
settled by their own race, speaking their own tongue but using an
adopted alphabet, the southern branch of the Aryans yet carried to
their own remoter settlement, and preserved there, their newly in-
vented character. Improbable as this latter supposition was, it was
rendered still more so by the fact that the two alphabets gave
expression to identically the same language; and it was not likely
that a second emigration, coming forth from its parent root after the
lapse of time necessary to perfect the invention and use of an alphabet,
and after the great social change effected by the conversion of a
spoken into a written alphabet, should carry with it identically the
same language as the earlier emigration.
There remained another possible supposition, which had not been
noticed by Rajendra Lal, vzz., that one or both of the two alphabets
were invented by the Aryan race after they reached India. But in the
first place, it is impossible to believe that the same people setting
about to invent an alphabet, should have invented two totally different,
or that if one was borrowed from existing sources, they should set
about to invent another while one was existent and ready to hand.
Lastly, as a matter of fact, the Bactro-Pali at least was pretty
| clearly borrowed: it was closely allied to,—in some forms and in its
| modes of numeration, almost identical with,—certain Semitic forms of
| writing of very great antiquity, which were once in use on the shores
| and in the islands of the Mediterranean.
Practically, therefore, there was located in India an Aryan race,
| using a language which is in fact common to all its tribes, a fact
which may be accepted as showing that they entered India at
| dates not very remote, or under very different circumstances. Of
this branch the Northern portion, when settled on the road which the
rest of the tribes must have traversed on their way towards Central
| and Southern India, used a borrowed character; and the most probable
inference seems to be that the character used by the other is
46 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. ‘[Fes.
borrowed also: that, in fact, both adopted the indigenous character
which was found already existing in that portion of India in which
they settled.
This inference was further strengthened by the fact that both these
alphabets, at the earliest date to which we can ascribe their use with
any certainty, were not wholly fitted to express all the sounds of the
Aryan language which they embodied, and that, in fact, at later dates,
we find both characters modified into a more convenient form. Mr.
Bayley meant to allude especially to the use of reduplicate and
compound letters, which are sparingly and awkwardly combined in the
earlier inscriptions, while in later inscriptions (and this is peculiarly the
case with the Bactro-Pali) new compounds, nay, it may be said,
almost wholly new symbols are gradually introduced. Although
therefore the Society had not Mr. Thomas’s evidence before it, it
seemed at least probable that he was correct, to the extent of assuming
that there is no evidence that the Aryan race ever invented an alpha-
bet ; but that on the other hand it is certain that they borrowed the
alphabets of other nations on more than one occasion, and there is strong
presumption that their Indian branch borrowed the Lath character.
But from whom did they borrow it? It was very unfortunate that
there was not any portion of Mr. Thomas’s case before the Society
on this point, nor did the Society know upon what proofs he bases his
presumption that the “ Lath Alphabet was of Dravidian origin.”
On the other hand, the Society are obliged to Baboo Rajendra for
the, no doubt, very strong grounds which he had stated for believing
that the Dravidian races had no alphabet ; nor could Mr. Bayley, so
far as his experience went, find any evidence in contradiction of it,
Remains presumably belonging to pre-Aryan races were occasionally
discovered, but so far as Mr. Bayley was aware, no sort of inscription
existed among these. Again, in Southern India, Mr. Walter Elliot —
reported that, at a comparatively late date, one branch of the Dravidian —
race maintained itself in independence, and possessed a considerable —
share of importance, power and wealth. Coins even were attributed to —
this tribe, but apparently nothing written or inscribed had survived —
them. Nor, sofaras Mr. Bayley was aware, did any purely indigenous
Dravidian literature exist; any thing at least of a nature inconsistent
with the idea of its being handed down by oral tradition,
1867.] Proceedings ‘of the Asiatic Society: 47
So:far therefore as the case’stood before the Society—it seemed as if,
while there was a strong presumption, at least, that the “ Lath” char-
acter was borrowed by the Aryans and not invented, it seemed at least
doubtful if it had a Dravidian origin, and its invention was still obscure.
Mr, Bayley would, however, venture on a guess-at a source,from which
there was some possibility perhaps that this. character had been
derived ;. but, in. doing so, he did not venture either to put forth the
suggestion with any confidence, nor was-it oneto the authorship of
which he could lay claim. The subject had been touched upon both
by the late Sir Henry Elliot and by General Cunningham, and the
Tatter indeed had, he believed,. investigated it to.some extent, and
might possibly give the result of his enquiries to the world.
The great Sanscrit Epic spoke of a race of ‘“‘ Snakes” at enmity:
with the Aryan: race, and indeed allusions to. them occur repeatedly
elsewhere both in the books and the traditions of the Hindus. Who.
these Snakes might be, was not the present question; it had been
attempted to identify them as Scythian, and for present purposes.
Scythian was as-good a name by which to indicate them, as-any other.
Now it was curious that the most Archaic form of the Lath
character (as had been pointed out by General. Cunningham, ),was found
on certain coins which bore the emblems and the names known to.
have belonged to this Snake race. Taking this hint, Mr. Bayley
would venture to throw out a few others. The Snake race was not
confined to India alone : on the contrary, traces were found of it almost.
everywhere in the Western. part of Asia and in Hastern Hurope. The
well-known story of Zohak had been. supposed to indicate the conquest
of Persia, of ‘‘ Iran” proper; by this Snake race or some wave of it.
The subject was a wide one and open to infinite inquiry and research.
But the points which were more immediately of interest related to.
the presence of this race on the northern shores of the Huxine and
in the upper parts of Greece. Herodotus, it might be remembered,
spoke of the Cimmerians as displaced from mere pressure, on the upper
part of the Euxine, by an irruptiom of Scyths, the offspring of Hercules
and a woman half a snake. Again the Nevpou, a tribe allied to the
Scythian, were, a generation before Darius, similarly driven away
from their original site by Snakes, partly coming from the North,
partly bred among themselves ; and it was curious that Kadmus, the
48 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Fes.
traditionary inventor or introducer of the Greek alphabet, was also
a slayer of the serpent, that is, was at least in hostile contact with
the serpent race ; and perhaps the singular legend of the sowing of the
serpent’s teeth may be explained as an example of a custom, probably
of remote antiquity, but of which familiar modern instances were to
be found in the institutions of the Janissaries and Mamelukes—the
custom, that is, of forming military bodies of male children captured
from the enemy in war.
There was on this occasion no time to follow out this subject, nor
did Mr. Bayley consider himself justified in anticipating the re-
sults of General Cunningham’s researches; but he believed that it
was probable that these would show a strong similarity, not merely in
names, but in customs and religion, as existing in these regions which
the western Snakes appear to have trod, with the traces of the same
nature which they have left behind in India. And as regarded
the Grecian alphabet, without entering into the arguments which
had been assigned in support of its Phoenician origin, Mr. Bayley
would only remind the Society of the strong impression which the
‘yesemblance between the Greek and the Lath alphabet made on the
minds of the first decipherer of the latter, the late James Prinsep ; and
at any rate it was curious that in Greece, as in India, the long vowels
and especially the double letters seem to have been added to facilitate
the proper expression of Aryan sounds, proving that it was, at least
in its first stage, not fully adopted to the requirements of an Aryan
language, and was therefore evidently not originally invented to meet
these, but was probably borrowed.
Mr. Campbell said that he had supposed Mr. Bayley to speak of
the Snake races as distinguished from the early Aryans, in a way which
might lead to the supposition that those Snake races were not Aryans.
Now the term was chiefly applicable to the Rajpoots and Jats and
cognate tribes, and he thought no one could see these peoples and
doubt for an instant that they are Aryans of the very highest type.
At the same time, these people have not generally had very literary
tendencies, and it might be questionable whether they invented an
original alphabet. The whole question, however, of the first invention
of the alphabet used in India, seemed to him to merge in a much
better one, not yet solved, viz. what were the first religious civilizations
1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Sociaty. . 49
in India. If it were the fact, that the early Aryans, with their beliefs
in gods descending from above, and in the firm existence of a golden
age and a higher state from which man descended, were met by another
faith already established in India, by a school holding the doctrine
of the progression of races from below upwards, and from which both
the Sivite and the Buddhist forms have sprung, then it may be that
the earliest Phonetic alphabet was in the possession of this latter
school. That the aboriginal Dravidian. savages should have invented
_ either the religion or the alphabet, seemed to him to be out of the
question. They must. have come from some foreign source. The
question remained, what was that source ?
Mr. Bayley explained that he had used the terms “ Scythian”
and ‘* Aryan” merely as concise forms of expression, and without
any intention of assigning an ethnologic character to the Snakes.
Babu Rajendralala Mitra was glad to find that Mr. Bayley concurred
in the main with what he had said in regard to that part of the question
to which he had confined his attention. He was well aware of more than
one alphabet having been current in different parts of India, in writing
down one language, in the time of Asoka and for some centuries after
it, but it did not at all serve to throw any light on the question at issue,
viz.the source whence the Ariansfirst got their alphabet. The researches
of the learned Dr. Goldstiicker had clearly established that Panini lived
many centuries before the age of Asoka, and at his time the art of writ-
ing was well known. The root kh “to write “ (aksharavinyds’e) in his
Dhétupdtha was conclusive on the subject, and the question therefore
was, what was the alphabet that great grammarian and his predecessors
used ? was it the Bactrian, or the Pali, or any other which has been
replaced by the latter ? There were not data sufficient to give a positive
answer to this; but he felt no hesitation in giving a negative one, as __
regards the Bactrian. All northern languages, or rather those of cold
regions, are noted for gutturals, aspirates, troublesome combinations of
consonants, and distinctions of long and short vowels, which Byron
well describes as the
ok harsh, grunting guttural,
Which we have to hiss, spit and sputter all.”
These, when transferred to hot countries, soon lose their sharpness
and become soft and sweet. The history of the Sanskrit language
50 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Fes.
proves this most incontestably : the sharpness and harshness and the
peculiar distinctions and combination of sounds of the Vedic dialect are
nowhere to be met with in the Sanskrit of the time of Buddha, and
the Sanskrit of Buddha’s time was not what it became in the time of
Kalidasa. It underwent many changes, and most of those changes
were dictated by a desire to rub off the asperities of the Vedic
language for the sake of euphony.
Now, @ priorz, it would be expected that an alphabet designed for
the earlier Sanskrit, or the language as current in the Arianian pro-
vinces, would be richer in letters than in one got up in the time
of Buddha, for a great deal more stress was laid on minor distinctions
of pronunciation in the pre-Vedic.and the Vedic, than in later ages ;
and when the first idea of alphabetic writing is once formed, no nation
can be believed to be so slow as not to be able to design a sufficient
number of letters to meet all their requirements. The Bactrian is
avowedly not so full. Its vowels are few and imperfect, and consonants
deficient ; and it could not therefore have been originally used for a
language most remarkable for its long and short vowels, to which it
attached so much importance.
Again, it was unknown in the history of language, that a nation,
themselves conquerors, voluntarily gave up an alphabet with which
their religion was most intimately associated for many centuries, and
adepted an alphabet from a conquered people, because of “its su-
perior fitness.” No amount of superiority can have any influence in suck
cases. But he knew not what the superiority was in the case of the
Pali. It was not one of easy writing, for the flowing Bactrian has, in
that respect, great advantages over the angular Pali; nor of fulness,
for it is avowed that it had no aspirates at all, before the Brahmins
adopted it. But were it otherwise, still he doubted if such adoption |
were possible, after a language had been associated with a particular
form of writing for a long time. The English vocalic system was
imperfect in many respects, and some of its letters were obliged to do
duty for half a dozen sounds, and yet it was not to be for a moment
supposed that it would ever be replaced by the most perfect =
*
system of writing that is current in the world, the Sanskrit. Besides
the Sanskrit was a dead language in the time of Asoka, and had
been replaced by the Pali which dropped the aspirates and some of
9 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 51
the sibilants, and rejected the distinctions of long and short vowels;
and that, or a little before that, was not the time when the Brahmins
would forsake their ancient alphabet for a foreign one, for the sake
of its superior and more perfect system of vowels and aspirates.
Mr. Campbell read a letter from Col. Phayre, Chief Commissioner
of British Burmah, inclosing a list of words of the Mon or Talain
language of Pegu and Tenasserim, prepared by the very best scholar of
that language, the Rev. Mr. Haswell, in accordance with the list of
test words sent to Col. Phayre; also promising a similar specimen
of the Andamanese language, Col. Phayre added, ‘‘ The study of the
tribes in the hills of Burmah is one of vast interest to the Philologist,
to the Ethnologist, and tothe Missionary; they may be said to be
unknown, at least the majority of them.”
Mr. Campbell then said that although he could not pretend to have
critically studied the list of Mon words which he had only just received,
he could not resist the earliest opportunity of stating that at the very
first glance, the first few words in the list seemed at once to establish,
he might say beyond the possibility of doubt, a radical connection
| between the Mon or Talain people and the Sontals and similar tribes
to the west of Bengal, whom he had designated as Kolarians. He had
recently published a short comparative list of aboriginal words, and
Mr, Man had appended to his Sontalia and the Sontals the same model
list of test words which had been translated by Mr. Haswell. On
comparing these lists, the first four numerals and the first four simple
nouns (put first as of the most radical test character) were found to be
in fact plainly identical ; the only difference, where there is a difference,
being of a uniform character, viz. that the shorter vowels of the Sontal
words are changed into a broader 0, 00, oa, or au, thus—
Sontalt. Mon.
One mi or mia moo%
Two barea ba
Three - . pea or pia pee or pi
Four ponea paun
Hand ti or tihi toa
- Foot jang chang
52 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Fes.
Sontalc. Mon.
Nose mu moo
Kye me or met mote
The next higher numerals are.
Five monayia m’some
Six turui trow
Five might be doubtful; the sixth seemed to be identical. Above
six, the higher numerals seem to be all different. So, going on with
the list of nouns, although a resemblance might be traced here and
there, it was not easily seen; and in fact most of the higher class words
were different. He found a resemblance in the pronouns thus—
I aing oa
Thou. amg m’na
He uni nya
Indeed Mr. Logan in his valuable paper had already recognised a
connection in the form of the pronouns.
At first sight it appeared as if the Mon had lost the refined gram-
matical forms of the Sontals, and had lapsed into a Chinese-like
simplicity of grammar, but the whole subject required much study.
He found that Col. Dalton also held the opinion that some of the darker
tribes of the extreme Hast of India have probably an affinity to
the aboriginal races of Central India. Altogether the study of the
eastern tribes, and their connection with those of the West and again
with those still farther to the south-east, seemed to open up an almost
boundless field of most interesting inquiry,
A letter from Professor Piazzi Smyth, Astronomer Royal of Scotland
was read— |
‘“‘ Herewith I have the pleasure of enclosing you a letter from Sir
Walter Elliot, transmitted to me by my friend Colonel Walter Birch,
104th Fusiliers, and requesting your kind assistance in procuring
for me a small block of stone, about the size of an ordinary British
brick, or an octavo book,* of particular quality, and transmitting the
same, if procurable, to Colonel Birch’s agents in Calcutta, Messrs.
* In a letter of later date, Professor Piazzi Smyth expresses a desire to obtaix
a block 6 or 7 inches square and 3 or 4 inches thick, without flaw,—EHd,
|
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 53
Grindlay & Co., whom the Colonel kindly promises to advise of its
expected arrival and have it sent to me here.
“The reason for going so far, for so small a matter is,—that the
stones of this country are too soft, or too large-grained, or too fissured,
or too permeable by water : and I hope, from what I have heard of some
Indian minerals, to get something supereminent in hardness, fineness
of grain, toughness, freedom from fissures and crystallization, and
proof against the entrance of water.
“ Corundum has been mentioned ; but that will not do, for though
hard enough, it is crystallized, and a lump would probably be only a
brittle congeries of small crystals.
“‘ Basalt has been mentioned, and if India has basalts like some of
those in Upper Egypt, viz. excessively fine-grained, tough, compact, and
free from fissures and tendency to fissure, over lengths of 8 and 9 inches,
| —it might do well. The basalts of Scotland are far too coarse-grained
, and full of fissures.
“A pudding stone from Agra that I have seen, contains particles of
| jasper, whioh promise to be better still, if the original rock of it, the
| jasper, could be got at. Its colours are red, brown and black, the grain
almost infinitely fine, the hardness far above steel; being too, I
| presume, a sedimentary, argillaceous rock, altered by plutonic heat,
| I should expect more toughness, freedom fron fissures, and more
| uniformity than in basalt.
““Tf too, you can get one example, which will stand all these tests,—
| I should much like to hear whether more examples perfectly similar
| could be afterwards procured, and at what price. The purpose is, to
| form small standard scales of 5 to 10 inches in length, and likely to last
|} unaltered in length and quality for a much longer time than the metals
| hitherto used for that purpose. Something capable of going down to
ali posterity, without sensible change, during 5,000 or 10,000 years.”
In commenting on the above, the Secretary said he had brought the
| note before the meeting with a view of soliciting the aid of Members
| through the medium of the published Proceedings. He would especi-
ally note, as promising stones, the jasper of the Sone and Nerbudda
valleys, and the Jade, large lumps of which are sometimes to be
obtained in the bazaars.
54 _ Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Fus.
Tho receipt of the following communications was announced—
1. From Dr. A. Bastian of Bremen, a translation of an inscription
copied in the temple of Nakhon Vat, in the city of Monasteries, near
the capital of ancient Kambodia.
2. From Baboo Gopee Nath Sen, Abstract of the hourly meteoro-
logical observations made at the Surveyor General’s Office in October,
1866.
The following additions to the Library since the Meeting held in
January, 1867, were announced.
Presentations.
x*% The names of Donors ir Capitals.
Annales Muszi Botanici Lugduno-Batavi by F. A. G. Miquel, Vol.
II, Fasc. Il, IV and V.—Tue Baravian Socrery.
Cours d’ Hindustani. Discours d’Ouverture du 3 Décembre, 1866,
par M. G. de Tassy.—Tur Avtuor.
Many and great Dangers with Safeguards. Twelve Sermons by
G. U. Pope, D. D.—Tux Avruor.
Tamil Poetical Anthology. by G. U. Pope, D. D.—Tue Aurnor.
Tamil Prose Reading-book, by G. U. Pope, D. D.—Tue Avruor.
Tamil Grammar, by G. U. Pope, D. D.—Tue Autuor.
Lord’s Sermon on the Mount in English, Tamil, Malayalam,
Kanarese and Telugu, by G. U. Pope, D. D.—Tue Avruor.
Report on the Police of the Town of Calcutta and its Suburbs for
1865-66.—Tue Benegat GovERNMENT.
Report on the Survey operations for Season 1865-66.—Tuz Suprr-
INTENDENT OF THE REVENUE SURVEY.
Almanach der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Sechs-
zehnter Jahrgang, 1866.—Tuer Acapemy.
Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Lalla Vol. X.
No. VI.—Tuz Socrery.
Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften ;
Philosophisch-Historische Classe; Band 51, Hefte 2, 3; Band 52,
Hefte 1, 2,4: Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, Jahrgang
1865: 1ste Abtheilung, Nos. 8, 9-10. 2te Abtheilung, Nos. 9, 10,
Jahrgang 1866, Iste Abtheilung, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 2te Abtheilung,
Nos. 1, 2, 3,4, 5.—Tue Acapimy.
ee a
1867. ] | Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 5D
Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften :
Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe’ Band XXV.—Tur
ACADEMY.
Archiv fir Kunde Bese ee atin Geschichts-Quellen. Band
XXXV. Heft 1, and Band XXXVI, Heft 1.
Register zu den Banden I—XXXIII. des Archivs, and zu den
Banden I—IX. Notizenblattes :—Tur AcapEmy.
Fontes Rerum Austriacarum. Band VII. Abtheilung I.—Tue
ACADEMY.
Register zu den Banden I—XIV. der Denkschriften der Philoso-
phisch-Historischen Classe der K. A. der W, Band I—Tue Acapemy.
Charipat, Part I. of Akhaya Coomar, translated into Hindustani ?—
Tue TRANSLATORS.
_ Hachanges.
London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal
of Science, Vol. XXXII. No. 218.
The Atheneum for November 1866.
Purchases.
Dictionnaire Turc-Arabe-Persan by Dr. J. T. Zenker, Heft 10.
| Deutsches Worterbuch by J. anl W. Grimm, Part IV. Fasc. 11
| and Part V. Fas. I.
| Comptes Rendus de L’ Académie des Sciences, Nos, 22 and 28, 1866.
Journal des Savants, November 1866.
Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, No. 11 of 1866.
Revue des Deux Mondes, Ist December, 1866.
The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, No. 108, Vol. XVIII,
Reeve’s Conchologia, parts 260 and 261 (Tellina and Unio).
The American Journal of Science and Arts, Vol. XLII. No. 126.
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PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
For Aprit, 1867.
=O @ on-
A meeting of the Asiatic Society of Bengal'was held on Wednesday
the 3rd April, at 9 Pp. M.
Dr. J. Fayrer, President, in the chair.
The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.
Presentations were announced :—
1. From A: Grote, Esq. a specimen of Tragulus Javanicus.
2. From Dr. J. E. T. Aitchison, a specimen of Larus Ichihyaetus,
a Sea Gull, shot at Umritsar in the Punjab in May last.
3. From Lieutenant J. Waterhouse, a box of specimens of plum-
bago from the Sonah mines near Delhi.
4, From Baboo Gour Doss Bysack, a few bricks and a carved
‘Koran stand from the Sat-Gombouj of Bagharhaut.
5. From the Rev. C. H. Dall, 8 photographs of the hairy family
at Ava.
6. From Captain J. Anderson, a fragment of stone from the old
tomb of Mrs. Mary Hastings at Berhampore with a copy of the
epitaph.
7. Mr. Blanford exhibited, on part of Mr. Grote, a few specimens
of a curious sponge (‘‘ Ragaderos’’) from the Philippine islands.
8. The Council reported that they have elected H. Blochmann, Hsq.
a member of the Library Committee.
9. The following gentlemen, proposed at the last meeting, were
balloted for and elected as ordinary members :— Major G. Mainwaring ;
Lieutenant-Colonel B. Ford; the Hon’ble Nawab Sir Sherif ul Omrah
Bahadur, K. C. §. I.; Dr. Mohindra Lala Sirkar,
66 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ ApRin,
10. The following gentlemen are candidates for ballot as ordinary
members at the next meeting :—
Lieutenant KE. J. Steel, R. A. of the Revenue Survey, Debroogur,
Assam, proposed by Captain H. H. G. Austen, and seconded by Mr,
H. F. Blanford.
The Hon’ble F. Glover, proposed by Mr. E. C. Bayley, and seconded
by Mr. H. F. Blanford.
Dr. B. N. Hyatt, Civil Surgeon, Ranchee, proposed by Lieutenant-
Colonel H. T. Dalton, and seconded by Dr. J. Anderson.
Dr. EH. Bonavia, Assistant Surgeon, Lucknow, proposed by Dr. J.
Anderson, and seconded by Mr. H. F. Blanford.
Dr. S. C. Mackenzie, proposed by Dr. Ewart, seconded by Dr. Colles.
J. A. B. Nelson, Esq. proposed by Mr. A. Grote, and seconded by
Mr. H. F. Blanford.
11. Letters were read from EH. W. Clementson, Esq. and Captain
W. G. Murray, intimating their desire to withdraw from the Society.
12. The receipt of the following communications was announced :—
1. From Babu Gopee Nath Sen, Abstract of Hourly Meteorological
observations made at the Surveyor General’s Office in December last,
2. From Captain H. H. Godwin Austen, F. R, G. §8. Notes on
the geological features of the country over the foot of the hills in the
Western Bhotan Dooars.
3. From Dr. E. Bonavia, Affinity between the adjutant and the
domestic turkey.
4, From Babu Gour Doss Bysack, “ Antiquities of Bagharhaut.”
13. At the request of the President, Mr. D. Waldie read the
following abstract of his experimental investigations connected with
the water supply to Calcutta, Part III.
“The object of this communication is to correct a few errors and
deficiencies in the former papers, and supply additional information, so
ee
as to render the inquiry more complete. It will also direct attention —
to some points of importance calling for special consideration.
‘The general constitution of the Hooghly water, as regards its mineral
constituents, is exhibited by two tables, one giving the proportions of
these in a way favourable for comparing its variations at different
seasons, and another shewing its hardness. Though the water is
rather hard during the dry season, the hardness is reduced to a very
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 67
small amount by boiling. It is superior in this respect to what can
usually be obtained for the supply of towns. The influence of the
tides during the hot season was considered in the first communication :
the tidal water increases the amount of common salt, but does not
very greatly increase the hardness.
“« As regards organic matter, numerous observations have been made
since the last communication was laid before the Society, partly to
meet objections raised against the former results, which objections
however may now be considered as withdrawn.
“Further examination of the various waters by oxidation by
permanganate of potash has not increased the author’s opinion of its
value, and two tables are given which it is believed will justify this
unfavourable opinion. The first exhibited the very rapid change
which takes place in the deoxidating power of many waters both
river and tank, this power diminishing within two days to one half,
one third, or even less, of its original amount. This is not noticed in
the London Reports, probably because the samples having been taken
from the street mains, the water is at least two or three days old, after
which it changes much more slowly. The oxidation test appears to
indicate only certain kinds of impurities,—probably products of
fermentation or putrefaction, or even of living vegetable organisms, and
it is doubtful if it gives much important information of the quality of
these, as the second table shews that General’s Tank water (considered
the best for drinking in Calcutta) equals in deoxidating power the
the water of the salt marsh to the east of the town; and that the water
of the Circular canal, which receives the greater part of the sewerage
of Caleutta, requires no more oxygen than that of the best tanks.
“ The determination of organic matter by weight is the most trust-
worthy. Care has been taken in all the recent analyses to proceed to
the evaporation without delay, but continued observation has also
shewn that the results formerly given cannot have been far wrong.
The quantity of organic matter in the river water for the months of
_ January and November has in no case exceeded 15 grains per 100,000
grains, or 1.05 grains per gallon. A table is given of the results at
all seasons, which distinctly shews the influence of the tides, the quan-
tity of organic matter during flood tide being from one and half to
two and half times greater than during ebb tide. Yet the highest
68 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ APRIL,
obtained was 2.7 grains per 100,000 grains, or rather less than 2
grains per gallon,
“ Another table exhibits the amount of organic matter in the water
of the Salt Water Lake and Circular canal. On the 18th February the
water of the marsh contained only 6.5 grains per 100,000 grains or
4.55 grains per gallon. A calculation made on data supplied by Mr.
Leonard (reduced to one. half on account of uncertainty) or 5000
ft. per second of water flowing in the river at the minimum, shew
that though Mr. Clark’s supply of 6,000,000 gallons of water per day
flowed into the river in as concentrated a state of impurity as the
filthiest ditches of Calcutta during the hot season, it would add of
organic matter to the river water only to the extent of 5 or 6
hundredths of a grain per gallon. The allowance is extravagant, yet
the addition is but small.
“ Trials for Ammonia, exhibited in tables, shew that the water during
the cold season is at its purest, and other observations on the organic
matter are confirmatory of those previously made.
‘“‘ Further observations on the tank waters confirm the conclusions
formerly drawn. Additional samples have been examined in the
northern part of the town, with reference to a tank proposed to be
excavated there by the Municipality. All the tank waters examined,
except those of the Maidan tanks and Dalhousie Square Tank,
contained much more saline matter and were much harder both before
and after boiling than the river water at its worst (except as regards .
salt during flood tide in May and June,) and contained much more
organic matter,—two, three, or four times as much. The water of the
street aqueduct (from the river) was greatly superior in every respect.
Water obtained from temporary wells dug for the purpose was care-
fully analysed and found to be simply sewage water, deprived of the
greater part of its bad smell by passing through the earth; indicating
that the soil is more or less penetrated by sewage water all over the
town.
‘“‘ Wurther consideration had been given to the nature of the organic
matter, confirmatory of former observations. The organic matter in
the river water during the rainy season was analagous to that of tank
water, and contained a larger proportion of vegetable matter than that
of the dry season. But it by no means followed that it was less
-
1867. | Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 69
objectionable. When partially separated from saline matter, its
general properties more resembled those of animal excrementitious
matter, while those of the dry season water more resembled urinous
secretions. The rainy season water also seemed to contain much more
living germs.
* As to the question of taking water from Cossipore, it may be said
that it would scarcely be advisable to do so, as there can be no doubt
of the influence of the tide rendering the water impure: whether a
point nearer than Pultah would be suitable, could: only be determined
by observations during the hot season. But there is a point of greater
importance to consider, namely the state of the river water during the
rains, especially during the early part of the season. The water then
contained the sewerage of thousands of square miles of country, and
was much more putrid and offensive than even the flood tide water of
the hot season; and besides contained a large quantity of mud in a
very fine state of division, very difficult to get rid of either by sub-
sidence or filtration; and this water cannot be avoided by taking it
from Pultah. The greater impurity of river waters during floods is a
fact well recognized in England, and here we have all the floods
of the year concentrated into one great flood. The Engineer to the
Municipality had taken into account the unusual quantity of mud
in the water at this season, and had made arrangements intended to
obviate the difficulty: but there is great reason to fear that these
measures will be very inadequate for the purpose, and that the large
covered reservoirs will, during the early months of the rains, supply
water of a very offensive character, and perhaps taint it for a con-
siderable time afterwards. There is no evidence in the Engineer’s
Report that the extent of the difficulty has been appreciated or even
properly understood, or that the efficiency of the means to remedy it
has been satisfactorily ascertained.”
LIBRARY.
_ The following additions were made to the Library since the meeting
held in March :-—
** The names of Donors in Capitals.
Presentations.
Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich Kéniglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt.
—Vol. XV, XVI.—Tue K. K. Guon, Retcusanstatr.
70 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ AprIt,
The History of India in Urdu, No. 9.—Tue Screnrirtc Socrery
or ALLYGURH.
Professional papers on Indian Engineering, No. 14, Vol. IV.—Tue
Hprror.
Annual Report of the Trustees of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology at Harvard College 1865.—Tur Trusruzs or tae Museum.
Report of the Superintendent of the Coast Survey of the U.S.
1859 and 1860.—Tue Unrrep States or Ammrica.
Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History for 1864.—
Tun Boston Naturat History Socrery.
Conditions and Doings of the Boston N. H. Society for 1864.—
Tue Boston Narurat History Soctery.
Documents of the United States Sanitary Commission, 3 Vols.—TueE
U.S. Sanrrary Commisston.
Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian In-
stitution for 1864.—Tue Institution.
Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. V. pt. 3.—Tue —
Govt. oF BENGAL.
Catalogue of the Organic Remains belonging to the Cephalopoda in
the Museum, Geological Survey of India, Calcutta—Tue Govr. or
BeEnaGat.
Catalogue of the Meteorites in the Museum, Geological Survey of
India, Calcutta.—Tue Govt. or BENGAL.
A Narrative of the Russian Military Expedition to Khiva under
General Perofski in 1839.—Tur Govt. or Brneat.
Notes on the Geographical, Statistical and General condition of Pur-
gunna Palamow, by Major G. H. Thompson.—-Tue Govt. or Buneat.
Report on the Registration of Ozone in the Bombay Ae
for 1864-65.—Tue Govt. or Brnaat.
Ueber ein Fragment der Bhagavati, 1st part, by Prof. A. Weber.—
Tur AUTHOR.
Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government, No. OI.
New Series (Extract of the Proceedings of the International Sanitary —
Conference of 1866.)—Tur Govt. or BomBay.
Annual Report of the Administration of the Madras Presidency
for 1865-66..—TuE Govt. or Brneat.
General Report on the Administration of the Bombay Presidency
for 1865-66.—TueE Gov, or Benet.
1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 71
Report on the Administration of the N. W. Provinces for 1865-66.
—Tue Govt. oF Bene@at.
Annual Report on the Operations of the Post Office of India for
1865-66.—Tux Govr. or Buneat.
Report on the Administration of the Central Provinces for 1865- 66.
—Tue Govt. or Brnaat.
Annual Report of the Administration of Coorg for 1865-66.—Tux
Govt. or Bengat.
General Report on the eich sheet ac of the Punjab Territories
for 1865-66.—Tux Govr. or Buna@at.
Annual Report on the Administration of Mysore for 1865-66.—TurE
Govt. or Benga.
Report on the Administration of the Penal Settlement of Port
Blair and Andaman Islands for 1865-66.—Tuz Govt. or Beneat.
Annual Report on the Administration of the Straits Settlement
for 1865-66.—Tuxr Govt. or Buneat.
Six Copies of Papers relating to the Aboriginal tribes of the Cen-
tral Provinces left in MSS. by the late Rev. 8. Hislop, edited by R.
Temple, C. 8. I.—Tux Eprror.
Six Copies of the Gazetteer of the Central Provinces, part 1—Tue
Curer ComMissionER oF THE CENTRAL PRovinczs.
_ Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, Vol. IV,
parts VIT and VIII.—Tue Royat Insrrrvrion.
The journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and
Treland, New Series, Vol. II, pt. I1— Tue Rovat Astarre Socrery.
Sitzungsberichte der Kénigl. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften
zu Minchen, 1865, Il, Hefte III and IV; 1866, I, Hefte I, II, III, IV,
and Il Heft I1—Tue Acaprmy or Scrences, Muntrcu.
Abhandlungen der Philos. Philologischen Classe der Koniglich
Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vol. X, Abth. a, Vol, XL,
Abth. 1. Historische Classe, Vol. X, Abth. 2-—Tue AcapEmy or
Sciences, Municu.
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Vol. XV, No. 89.—
Tue Roya Socrry. ?
Journal Asiatique, 6th Series, Vol. VIII, Nos. 29, 30, 31.—Tux
Astaric Society or Paris,
72 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ APRIL,
General Report of the Administration of the Bombay Presidency
for 1864-65.—Tue Govt. or Beneat.
Annual Report of the Geological Survey of India for 1865-66.—_
Tue Govt. oF Brnaat. .
Annual Report of the Administration of the Province of a for
1865-66.—Tux Govt. or Brne@at.
Discours d’ouverture du 4 Décembre 1865, by M. G. de Tassy.— ©
Tue AvurHor.
The policy of the Future in India. A letter to the Right Hon’ble
Lord Cranborne, by W. Knighton, LL. D.—Tur Eprror.
Entwicklung der Ideen in der Naturwissenschaft. Rede in der
offentlichen Sitzung der. k. Akademie der Wissenschaften am 25 Juli
1866. By Justus, F. von Liebig.—Tux Autor. .
Die Bedeutung moderner Gradmessungen. Vortrag in der offent-
lichen Sitzung der. k. Akademie der Wissenschaften am 25 Juli, 1866.
By Dr. C. M. Bauernfeind.—Tue Avrtnor.
Die Gottesurtheile der Indier. Rede gehalten in der 6ffentlichen
Sitzung der kénigl. Akademie der Wissenschaften, am 28 Marz, 1866.
By Emil Schlagintweit —Tue Avurtnor.
Report of the Administration of the Province of British Birma ia
1865-66.—Tue Govt. or Benaat.
Report of the Administration of the Hyderabad assigned Districts
for 1865-66.—Tue Govt. or BEnaaL.
Report of the Proceedings of the Government of India in the P. W.
Department for 1864-65.—Tur Govt. or Brneat.
Narrative of the course of Legislation during the year 1865-66.—
Tue Govr. or Brneat.
Eauchange.
The Atheneum, January 1867.
| Purchase.
The Edinburgh Review, January 1867.
Revue des Deux Mondes, 15th January, 1867, and Ist February,
1867.
Revue et Magasin de Zoologie 1866, No. 12.
Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Vol. LXIV.
Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
‘
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Socrety. 73
Hewitson’s Exotic Butterflies, part 61.
Grimm ’s Deutsches Worterbuch, Band V, Liefe. V.
The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, No. 110, Feby. 1867.
Journal des Savants, J anuary 1867.
The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, No. 89.
Notices et Extraits des Manuscripts de la Bibliothéque Impériale
et autres Bibliothéques, Vol. XX, Nos. 1 and 2and XXI, No. 2.
| Abhandlungen fiir die Kunde des Morgenlandes, herausgegeben von
) der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, Band IV. No. 5.
bite 0 eee 2 ‘
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—
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY. OF BENGAL,
| For May, 1867.
Pr @@® @cvee
The Monthly General Meeting of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
was held on Wednesday, the 1st instant, at 9 Pp. m.
Dr. J. Fayrer, President, in the chair.
The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.
Presentations were announced—
1. From the Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces :-—
Six copies of a set of papers on the Central Provinces, left in
manuscript by the late Rev. S. Hislop.
2. From Mr. Temple, six copies of the Central Provinces
Gazetteer, P. I.
The following gentlemen, proposed and seconded at thel ast meeting,
were balloted for and elected as ordinary members :—
Lieut. E. J. Steel.
The Hon’ble F. Glover.
Dr. B. N. Hyatt.
Dr. E. Bonavia.
Dr. S. C. Mackenzie, and
J. A. B. Nelson, Esq.
- The following gentlemen are candidates for ballot as Siig ea
members at the next meeting :—
Lieutenant J. Gregory, Deputy Commissioner, Naga Hills, pro-
posed by Lieutenant J. Williamson, seconded by Dr. J. Anderson.
The Right Rev. Dr. Milman, Lord Bishop of Calcutta, proposed
by the Ven’ble Archdeacon J. H. Pratt, seconded by the Hon’ ble
C.B, Trevor.
76 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ May,
William Duthoits, Esq. C.8., proposed by the Hon’ble G. Camp-
bell, seconded by R. Spankie, Esq. .
John Middleton Scott, Esq., A.B., C.E., &c., Assistant Professor
of Engineering, Presidency College, proposed by V. Ball, Hsq.,
seconded by M. H. Ormsby, Esq., for re-election.
Babu Obhoy Churn Mullick, Roy Bahadur, Deputy Collector,
proposed by Babu Gour Doss Bysack, seconded by the President.
The following gentlemen have intimated their desire to withdraw
their names from the Society :—
W. H. Stevens, Esq.
H. Leeds, Hsq., and
J. H. Mathews, Esq.
8. Read the following letter from Coowar Mohendra Narain Deb.
“ Sobhabazar, Rajbaree, 23rd April, 1867.
““ To the Secretary to the Asiatic Society.
“Dzar Srr,—With feelings of the deepest sorrow, I beg to announce
to you the melancholy intelligence of the death of my father Raja
Sir Radhakanta Bahadur, K.C.8.I. Atelegram from Brindabana
vid Muthra, dated the 20th instant, has brought the heart-rending
news that the Raja breathed his last at noon on the 19th instant.
The information I have as yet received regarding his last illness is
imperfect,”
In moving the following resolution on part of the Council, the
President said—
‘¢ GENTLEMEN,—Since our last meeting we have received the melan-
choly intelligence of the death of one of our most distinguished
members. On the 19th of last month, Rajé Sir Radhakanta Deva
Bahadur, a Knight of the Star of India, an oriental scholar of the
highest attainments, and a leader of all that was enlightened and
distinguished in native society in Bengal, died at the advanced age
of 85 years, at the ancient city of Brindabana where (as I am in-
formed) he had retired, to pass some portion of the close of his long
and useful life in repose and meditation. The loss of this dis-
-tinguished man, who was so highly revered throughout Bengal, is
lamented not only by his relatives and countrymen generally, but
by this Society and by many European friends, who had learned not
1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. v7
only to admire the erudition of the great oriental scholar, but to
respect the perfect character of the Bengali gentleman.
“‘T feel quite incompetent to do justice to the many virtues of one
who was so universally respected, never having had the advantage
of his personal acquaintance ; but it is not the less incumbent on me,
representing for the occasion the Asiatic Society of Bengal, to bear
its testimony to the exalted merits of the great and good man whose
loss, as aw honorary member, we have now to deplore. I therefore
beg to propose the following resolution on the part of the Council
of the Asiatic Society :—
“That this meeting desires to record an expression of its deep and
sincere regret at the death of the Raja, Sir Radhakanta Deva Bahadur,
K. C. S. IL, an accomplished and distinguished scholar, whose
eminent services to the cause of oriental literature during half a
century, were, in March 1855, especially acknowledged by his elec-
tion as an honorary member of the Society.”
Babu Rajendralala Mitra, in seconding the resolution, said, “ It
is a source of great satisfaction to me to find that the Council has
recommended to the favourable notice of the Society the resolution
which you have moved, to commemorate the services of a countryman
of mine, and one whom I had the privilege to call a friend for the
last five and twenty years. It isin every way worthy of this, the
oldest Asiatic Society, which was the first to lay open the store-
house of the Oriental classics to the scholars of Europe, and it is
worthy of the great man to whose memory it is devoted. Raja
Radhakanta is no more ; he is gone to an unknown region of spirits,
where human praise can be of no avail to him; but we do well to
express our respect for scholars who, like him, have laboured long
and successfully in the field of Indian literature. It is a premium
on merit which is sure to promote the object of this Society.
“ The literary life of Raj4 Radhakanta extends over a period of sixty
years. He was bornin the year 1784, and early evinced a strong
love of reading and of knowledge, and care was taken by his worthy
father to provide for him an education befitting his high rank and
social position. According to the custom of the time, his first atten-
tion was drawn to the Persian and Arabic languages ; but he subse-.
quently studied most thoroughly the Sanskrit, the English and the
78 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ May,
vernaculars,—Hindi, Urdu, and Bengali. His ancestors were noted
for their devotion to the British nation under which they had lived
and thrived ; and, following their footsteps, he attached himself to some
of the leading Englishmen of his time, whose example exercised the
most salutary influence on his whole life. Among them were Cole-
brooke, Wilson and David Hare, who had formed a Society for the
extension of school education in this country, and he was appointed
its Honorary Secretary. In this capacity he felt the want of good
school books, and at once set himself to supply the desideratum.
The Primers and Readers which he then compiled were the first of
the kind in our language, and they have been the model upon which
all others have subsequently been formed. The want of education
for our females also attracted his notice at this time; and in the
language of the late Hon’ble Mr. Bethune, to him ‘belongs the
credit of being the first native of India, who, in modern times, has
pointed out the folly and wickedness of allowing women to grow
up in utter ignorance.’ A number of schools, both for boys and
girls, were established under his care, and the little pupils used an-
nually to assemble in his palatial residence at Shobhabdzdér to pass:
examinations and receive prizes. Indeed, what he did in those days
in Bengal for female education, has never been attempted since. He
was also instrumental, in conjunction with the late Sir Edward Hyde
Kast, in the establishment of the Hindu College, which has done so
much for the social, moral and intellectual advancement of the
people of this country. He was appointed one of the governors of
the Institution, and in that capacity took a deep interest in its wel-
fare for near forty years. Although not born a Kulin, and therefore
not of the aristocracy of the country according to Indian notions,
his alliance by marriage, and the office which his grandfather held
in the time of Lord Clive, as the head of the Jdtimdlé Kdchari or
the Court for the settlement of disputes regarding caste, gave him
great influence among his countrymen, and for thirty years he held
the leadership of the Hindus of Bengal. Gentle, frank and affable
by nature,.and possessed of excellent address, he won the good will
and admiration of all who came in contact with him, and never created
an enemy. Sir Lawrence Peel, Chief Justice of the late Supreme Court,
used to say of him that ‘ he was a pattern of gentlemanliness which
we would all do well to imitate.’ |
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 79
“He was a Hindu, and lived and died in firm faith in his Maker
as taught in the religion of his forefathers. This may have made
him appear as an obstructive in the way of those of his countrymen
who yearned for speedy reformation in matters relating to religion
and caste ; but he never opposed any measure with the bigotry of
a partizan, and if sincerity be a virtue, he had it to perfection.
“Tt is, however, not by reference to his social and moral qualities
that I wish to support his claim to our respect. It is as the author
of the great Sanskrit Encyclopedia, the Sabdakalpadruma, that he
distinguished himself most, and claims our regard. In bulk that
work extends to eight folio volumes of about a thousand pages each,
and it took up the best portion of the Raja’s life for its completion.
When Ferdusi completed his Shahnamah, he said: Bast sdl burdam
basar nam ran, ‘for thirty years have I borne labours innumerable
to complete my work.’ But Ferdusi was born in poverty, and
depended on his song for his bread; Rajé Radhakanta was the son of
one of the richest men inthe town, and was surrounded by wealth
and luxury onevery side. He had, therefore, to overcome the in-
fluence which great wealth, high position, and want of official occu-
pation exercise on young men just entering life in this country. But
he possessed a strength of mind not unequal to the task he had set
before him, and he devoted near forty years of his life in compiling
his great work. In Europe where all works of reference are easily
procured and in print, and every assistance is at hand, such a lexicon
as the Sabdakalpadruma would have secured the highest honours to
its author. In India fifty years ago no such advantages were avail-
able ; the Raja had to collect his materials from the most inaccessible
sources ; he had to pore over musty manuscripts and illegible scribblings
on palm leaves, which alone contained his text, and he had to
become his own type-founder, printer, and press-reader, before he
could send forth a single page of his work to the public. The labour
he had to undergo in these occupations was immense, and that it
bore good fruit is evident from the manner in which it was received
by scholars in Europe, and the honours which were showered on him
by princes and learned bodies to mark their high sense of its value.
The Czar of Russia and the King of Denmark sent him medals, and
the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburgh, the Royal Academy of
80 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. : [ May,
Berlin, the Kaiserliche Academie of Vienna, the Royal Asiatic
Society of Great Britain and Ireland, the Société Asiatique of Paris,
the Oriental Societies of Germany and North America, and the Royal
Society of Northern Antiquaries sent him their diplomas, and
elected him their honorary or corresponding member ; and last,
though not least, our own Gracious Sovereign bestowed on him the Star
of India in recognition of his exalted merits. The Raja is now dead,
but, to quote an American orator, ‘‘ Death has not surprised us by
an unseasonable blow. It has cast its shroud only over mature
years, over long protracted literary service, and over life when the
ends of living had been accomplished.” But the great work of the
Raja remains, and as long as a taste for Sanskrit literature shall
endure, so long we may confidently say, monwmenta manebunt.”
5. The Council reported that they have adopted the following
report of the Philological Committee recommending to introduce the
Jonesian System of transliteration in spelling oriental names in the
Society’s Journal and Proceedings :—
“The Philological Committee of the Asiatic Society, having taken
into consideration a proposition of Babu Rajendralala Mitra, referred
to them by the Council, for the adoption of a uniform system for the
romanising of oriental words in the Journal, beg to report that it
is highly desirable that the system recommended—that of Sir
William Jones as modified by Professor H. H. Wilson—should be
adopted. .
“‘ They are of opinion, however, that before enforcing it as regards
contributions to the Journal, it would be well to print a Key to
the system, and to circulate it for the information and use of
contributors.
“* As regards the linguistic vocabularies, the Committee recommend
that those that have been already received, should be returned to
their authors with a copy of the Key to have them revised and put
into one uniform system of spelling ; and all future contributions of
the kind should be treated in the same way.
‘Copies of the Key should also be sent to Government, with a re-
quest that they may circulate them among those who have been called
upon to co-operate in carrying out the proposed ethnological con-
gess.
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 81
“Further, with a view to get the system generally adopted, the
Council should place itself/in communication with the Punjab and
the Nagpur branches of the Society, as also with the Bombay and
the Madras Branches of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain
and Ireland, and ask their opinion and co-operation.
“‘ By order of the Committee,
** RAJENDRALALA Mirra,
“ Secy. Phil. Comtee. Asiatic Society.”
Astatic Socrety’s Rooms,
27th March, 1867.
The Council recommended the election of H. B. Medlicott, Esq.,
F. G. §., in place of Colonel J. E. Gastrell, as member of the
Council and Honorary Treasurer of the Society ;—of M. H. Ormsby,
Hsq., LL. B: C. E., in place of H. F. Blanford, Esq., as a member
and Honorary Secretary ;—and of Mr. Justice Phear and Coowar
Harendra Krishna, in place of the Hon’ble G. Campbell and Dr. T.
Oldham, as members of their body.
The receipt of the following communication was announced :—
From F. Hill, Esq. C. EH. on the newly invented steam engine of
Mr. R. W. Thompson.
At the request of the President, Babu Gour Doss Bysack read his
paper on the antiquities of Bagarhat of which the following is an
abstract :— |
The village of Bagarhat is situated 30 miles to the N. E. of
‘Khulneah in Jessore. . Four hundred and fifty years ago it was the
seat of acollectorate or tehsildari, at the head of which was one
_ Khan Jehén a Pathén nobleman of distinction. He greatly im-
_ proved the place and erected many stately edifices, of which only
two now remain, a tomb and a mosque. The former is a brick
building 48 feet square and surmounted by a magnificent dome.
The floor of the chamber is inlaid with encaustic tiles, and the
gravestone—a large slab of Jeypur marble—bears date A. D. 1458.
Close by it is a small grave which holds the mortal remains of one
Pir Ally, a convert to Mahomedanism, who out-casted certain
brahmins whose descendants are to this day known by the name oi
Pirallis. Close by this tomb there is a large tank, containing a
number of tame crocodiles, whose blessings are sought by thousands
82 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ May,
of sick and childless people every year. Three miles to the south of
the tomb, stands a large mosque called the Sdtgumbaj or ‘‘ the mosque
of 60 domes.” It is an oblong building, 144 feet by 96 feet, having
sixty pillars of brick and stone and 77 domes on the roof. The floor is
paved with encaustic tiles. At the end of the paper there is short
account of a curious physical phenomenon, being a series of sounds as
of distant guns which are heard at Bagarhat and all along the mouth
of the Gangetic delta to Bakergunge. After storms and during calms
the sounds are said to be the loudest. Some suppose it to be the
result of the surf breaking with force on a low beech, but the Babu
believes it to proceed from some subterranean cause.
At the request of the President Mr. Hill read his paper.
Proposed by Dr. Partridge and unanimously carried, that the
thanks of the Seciety be given to Babu Gour Doss Bysack and Mr, ©
HE,
Liprary.
The following additions were made to the Library since the meeting
held in May :—
Presentations.
** The names of Donors in Capitals.
Durjana Kari Panchaénana by Rangachari Swami.—BAsu Rasenpra
LAta Mrrra.
Report of the Government Charitable Dispensaries of Bengal for the
year 1865.—Tur Govt. or Beneat.
“elections from the records of the Government of the N. W. P.
New Series Vol. II].—Tue Govr. or tue N. W. P.
The Rahasya Sandarbha, Vol. IV. No. 88.—THr Catcurta Scuoot
Boox Socrery.
Social Science for India, a paper read before the Oudh Scientific
Association, by Syud Shurfooddeen—Tuz Ovps Scrmntiric Asso-
CIATION,
Bulletin de la Société de Géographie of Paris, for February 1867.—
Tue Society. ‘an
Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Paleontologia Indica, —
Vol. V. parts 1-4.—Tuer Surr. or tHe Grou. Survey,
Purchases.
The Indian Medical Gazette, Vol. II, Nos, 1, 2, 3, 4,
1867. | Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 83
Comptes Rendus, Vol. LXIV. Nos. 6 and 7.
Revue et Magasin De Zoologie, 1867, No. 1.
The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Vol. XIX. No 3.
The Ibis, Vol. III. No 9, New Series.
Revue des Deux Mondes, 15th February, 1867.
Reise der Oesterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde, in den
Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859, unter den. Befehlen des Commodore B.
von Willerstorf-Urbair,
Zoonogiscuer Turin: Fische, 1 and 2 Abtheilung, by Dr. Rudolf
Kner.
Amphibien, by Dr. Franz Steindachner, 1 Band.
Vogel, by Dr. August von Pelzeln, 1 Band.
Formicidae, by Dr. Gustav L. Mayr.
Hemipteren, by Dr. Gustav L, Mayr.
Neuropteren, by F. Brauer.
Lepidopteren, by Dr. C. Felder and R. Felder.
Gxrotoeiscuer Tuett, by Dr. F. Hochstetter and Dr. M. Hornes,
Vol. I. Parts 1 and 2.
SravistiscH-CoMMERCIELLER Tuetn, by Dr. K. Scherzer, 2 Vols.
Mepiziniscuzr Tur, by Dr. EH. Schwarz, Vol. I.
Les Polynésiens et leurs Migrations, by M. De Quatrefages.
Dei Molluschi Raccolti dalla Missione Italiana in Persia.
Catalogue Général de la Librairie Frangaise pendant 25 Ans.
(1840—1865) By O. Lorenz. Liv I, I, III.
Die Persischen Handschriften der K. Hof-und Staatsbibliothek in
Miinchen, by J. Aumer.
Die Arabischen Handschriften der K. Hof-und Staatsbibliothek in
Minchen by J. Aumer.
Die Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien. Nach Amtlichen
Quellen. Zweiter Band.
Révolutions et Migrations des Peuples de la Haute Asie, by
A. Jardot.
Das Miinz-, Mass-, und Gewichtswesen in Vorderasien bis auf
Alexander den Grossen, von J. Brandis.
Captain Beddome’s Ferns of British India, Part XV.
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PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
For June, 1867.
>> @@ @ee~
The Monthly General Meeting of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
was held on Wednesday, the 5th instant, at 9 Pp. m.
Dr. J. Ewart, in the chair.
The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed..
Presentations were announced—
1. From the Editor, the first Volume of the “ Pandit.”
2. From the Koéniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissen-
schaften, I. Abhandlungen, 1865.
8. From the Government of Bombay, through Dr. R..L. Playfair,
a copy of the ‘‘ Fishes of Zanzibar.”’
4. From Lieutenant-Colonel B. Ford, Superintendent, Port Blair,
Specimens of a Pulgoria candelaria and a Phyllium Succrgia, and the O
Skull of a Dugong.
5. The following gentlemen, proposed and duly seconded at the
last meeting, were balloted for and elected as ordinary members.
The Right Rev. Dr. Milman, Lord Bishop of Calcutta..
Lieutenant J. Gregory.
W. Duthoits, Esq., C. S,
J. M. Scott, Hsq., C. H.
Babu Obhoy Churn Mullick.
6. The following gentlemen were candidates for election at the
July meeting. |
C. A. Hackett, Hsq:, A. R. S. M., Geological Survey of India,
proposed by Mr. Ball, and seconded by Mr. Ormsby.
Dr. C. Macnamara, proposed by the President, and seconded by Mcr..
Ormsby.
86 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ June,
N. A. Belletty, Esq., Civil Assistant, Topographical Survey of India,
proposed by Captain H. H. G. Austen, and seconded by Mr. Grote.
Dr. J. J. Wood, officiating Garrison Assistant Surgeon, Fort
William, proposed by Dr. Ewart, and seconded by Dr. Partridge.
The Council reported that they have elected the following gentle-
men to fill up vacancies in the several Committees.
In the Library Committee,—H. B. Medlicott, Esq., and Cumar
Harendra Krishna Deva.
In the Natural History Committee,—H. B. Medlicott, Esq.,
V. Ball, Esq., Dr. J. Ewart, and, Mr. Justice Norman. |
In the Statistical Committee,—Mr, Justice Phear.
In the Linguistic Section of the LHthnological Committee,—
Mr. Justice Markby.
A letter was read from Lieutenant-Colonel H. Tahany intimating
his desire to withdraw his name from the Society.
Letters were read—
7. From the Director of Public Instruction, forwarding a copy of
Mr. Cowell’s Report on the Toles of Nuddea.
No. 1547.
From the Director of Public Instruction,
To the Secretary of the Asiatic Society.
Dated Fort William, 9th April, 1867.
Srr,—-I have the honor to forward herewith, for the information of —
the Asiatic Society, a copy of a report on the Sanskrit Toles of Nuddea :
by Mr. E. B. Cowell, late Principal of the Sanskrit College.
I have the honor to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient Servant,
W. S. Arxkinson,
Director of Public Instruction.
From K. B. Cowstr, Esq., late Principal, Sanskrit College, Calcutta,
to W.S. Arxinson, Lsq., Director of Public Instruction,—(dated —
the 19th January, 1867.) |
Sir,—I have the honor to forward you my Nuddea Report. As I
have added at the end some remarks on its necessary defects and the
causes of my long delay in sending it, I need not repeat them here.
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 87
_ I may add that the report would have been finished before I left
‘India, if my time had not been occupied by some communications
about the Madrassah, which took off my thoughts from the report.
- [hope the report will be of some use, as itis. I wish I could return
for a month to Nuddea, to make it better.
From K. B. Cowrun, Hsq., late Principal of the Sanskrit College,
_ to W. 8. Arxinson, Lsq., Director of Public Instruction,—dated the
17th January, 1867.
Sir,—I have the honor to forward to you the following report of
my visit, in 1864, to the Toles of Nuddea :—
In accordance with your instructions I proceeded thither with Mr.
Woodrow, and we were accompanied by Pandit Mahesa Chandra
Nyayaratna, one of the Professors of the Sanskrit College, with
whom I have for some years studied Nydya, and-to whose wide
attainments in Hindu philosophy, as well as general ability and learn-
ing, I can testify from personal knowledge in the highest degree. We
left Calcutta on Monday the 29th of February, and made Krishnagur
our head quarters, whence we made daily excursions to Nuddea,
which is about ten miles distant. I must not omit to mention that
We received much attention from the Maharaja of Nuddea, who held
a quast durbar of Pandits, which enabled us to make the acquaintance
of many who did not reside in Nuddea itself. I returned to Calcutta
on the 8th of March.
: The word Tole (cbt#) is a Bengali word of uncertain derivation ; but
there are at least two Sanskrit words for the thing itself, chatush-
pdthi, 2. e., a place where the four vedas are studied, and matha.
_ The former does not seem to be an ancient word, as I do not find any
authority for it in the St. Petersburg Sanskrit Dictionary, except the
Sabda Kalpa Drama of Rajah Radha Kanta Deva; but matha is an
old word and occurs at least as far back as the Amara Kosha.
The institution is curious and interesting, as being undoubtedly a
remnant of old times. It represents, in fact, the same state of feeling
in ancient India as that which we find in ancient Greece, and which
So continually comes up in Plato’s controversies with the Sophists or
paid Professors of his day, viz., the popular prejudice against receiving
mercenary reward for the communication of knowledge. The Pandit
of a tole should properly not only instruct his pupils gratuitously,
88 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ JUNE,
but he should also provide them with food, clothing and lodging,
during their stay under his teaching. He himself is to be remunerated.
indirectly by the invitations and presents which celebrity as a teacher
would ensure his receiving at the religious ceremonies of the neigh-
bouring zemindars. Thus my own visit was delayed some weeks in
consequence of all the principal Pandits of Nuddea being absent, as
they had gone to attend the craddha of the late Rajah of Cooch
Behar. The tole system of Nuddea has, however, degenerated in
this as in other respects. The Pandits of most toles in other districts
still lodge and feed their pupils; but those of Nuddea, with very few
exceptions, have been able to break through this custom. They now
only supply their pupils with lodging, the reputation of Nuddea no
doubt enabling them to attract students from other toles in spite of
the greater inducements which the latter offer.
The chief studies of Nuddea are Smriti and Nydya. It is the
latter, especially, for which its name is celebrated all over India.
Other provinces have their own peculiar schools of law, and Nuddea,
therefore, can generally only attract students of Bengal to its Smriti
toles; but in logic it has an unrivalled reputation. Chaitanya, the
celebrated reviver of the mystic worship of Krishna at the close of the
15th century, was a native of this place; and it has produced a suc-
cession of great Naiyayika teachers, whose names are household words
in every Pandit family in India. In fact the name of Nuddea is
associated with the latest development of the Nydya philosophy.
The ancient Sutras or Aphorisms of Gotama do not represent the
modern logic of India; and although the recent school may have
added little or nothing to the real discoveries of the Hindu Aristotle,
they have undoubtedly elaborated a most refined system of logomachy,
far surpassing in subtilty and ingenuity all the scholastic disputations
of medizval Hurope.
One of the most celebrated medieval logicians was Gangeca Upa-
dhyaya of Mithila, who wrote a large treatise, called the Chintdmanz,
in four sections on the four Naiyéyika pramdazas or sources of know-
ledge, 7. €., perception, inference, comparison, and testimony. It is
this work which has furnished the text to the modern Nuddea school.
Its most renowned members are the following.
1. Raghunatha Giromani, who wrote a commentary on the first
two sections of the Chintamani, This is called the Didhiti.
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 89
2. Mathura Natha Tarkavégica, who wrote a gloss on the Didhiti
and also an original comment on Gangega.
3. Jagadica Tarkélankara, who also wrote a commentary on part of
the Didhiti as well as many other works, especially a very celebrated
treatise on logic and grammar, called the cabda-cakti-praka¢ika.
4, Gad&dhara Bhattacharya, who wrote a commentary on the
Didhiti and a series of works, such as the Vishayaté-vadartha, &c.,
on the abstrusest mysteries of the modern logic.
5. Cankara Tarkavagiga, who wrote a commentary called Patrika,
on the harder passages of Mathura Natha, Jagadica, and Gadadhara.
He seems to have flourished about sixty or seventy years ago: and it
is he who is said to have brought to its height the present vicious
system of disputatious logomachy which prevails in Nuddea.
A tole is generally a mere collection of mud hovels round a qua-
drangle, in which the students live in the most primitive manner
possible. The Pandit does not reside with them, but comes to teach
them on the lawful days. Hach student has his own hut, with his
brass waterpot and mat, and few have any other furniture. Most
make their own copies of the books they use, and a large part of the
year is vacation, during which they wander over the surrounding
country on begging expeditions; but during the reading months
much hard mental labour is undoubtedly gone through. On one side
of the quadrangle there is a “ lecture hall,” usually on a raised plat-
form, some three feet from the ground ; it is open on one side, and just
sheltered on the other three from the rain and wind. In some toles
it is only a thatched shed; in others it is a little more elaborate.
Only one tole in Nuddea can boast of any external adornment. This
is the tole of Pandit Prasanna Chandra Tarkaratna. It was built for
him by a Babi of Lucknow, and is really an elegant building, occu-
pying about a beegah and ahalf of land. The quadrangle inside is
about thirty yards square and contains thirty rooms for the students.
The rooms are generally about nine feet long and eight wide, with a
window and door; the corner rooms are rather larger. More than
half of one side is given up to a lecture hall or ddldn. This stands
on a platform raised some five feet from the ground; it has two
apartments, each about thirty-three feet in length, the outer is ten,
the inner twelve feet wide’; and the front is supported by six pillars
50 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Jung,
which produce a very good effect. The other toles have no architec-
tural display whatever. Everything is of a more than Spartan
simplicity ; and one cannot help honouring the zeal for knowledge,
however misdirected the zeal or useless the knowledge, which leads so
many students, generation after generation, to devote themselves to
such monastic privations and hardships. The love of fame is, no
doubt, the motive with many. The fact of having studied at Na-
badwipa and gained an upddhz there, will ensure respect for a Pandit in
every part of India, from Lahore to Travancore. But there are some
who are led by less worldly motives. These come to study Nyaya, as
students came to the University of Paris in the middle ages, and one
can hardly fail to be reminded of Chaucer’s lines about—
* The clerk of-Oxenforde also
That unto logik hadde long ygo;
As lene was his horse as is a rake,
And he was not right fat, I undertake.
And able that he was a philosophre,
Yet hadde he but litel gold in cofre.”
I could not help looking at those unpretending lecture halls with a
deep interest, as I thought of the Pandits lecturing there to genera-
tion after generation of eager inquisitive minds. Seated on the floor
with his ‘ corona’ of listening pupils round him, the teacher expatia-
tes on those refinements of infinitesimal logic which make a Euro-
pean’s brain dizzy to think of, but whose labyrinth a trained Nuddea
student will thread with unfaltering precision. I noticed during
my visit middle-aged and even grayhaired men among the students of
the celebrated toles, and some of these had come from such widely
different homes as Lahore, Pooree, and the Tamil country.
I visited every tole in Nuddea, and examined every one with my
Pandit more or less thoroughly. The following is a list; but the
number of the students is probably not wholly accurate, as of course
no register of attendance is kept, and it was not easy to decide
whether absent students were really to be counted on the rolls or not. —
Professor Wilson found from 500 to 600 pupils at the time of his
visit in 1829, the number is now less than 150. Part of the
decrease may no doubt be attributed to the prevalence of the
epidemic which has driven many away, and prevented others from
1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 91
coming; but there are other and permanent causes at work for the
overthrow of the scholastic glory of Nuddea.
| Smrite.
1. The tole of Brajandth Vidydratna. Here there were seventeen
students, four from the districts round Nuddea (degéya,) and thirteen
from other parts of Bengal (bidecgz.) Those from Bengal came from
- Dacca, Rungpore, Dinajpore, Jessore, Rajshahi, and Pubna.
2. That of Rémndth Tarkasiddhdnta. Here there were ten bidegé
and five degiya students, The former came from Jessore, Khunla
near Dacca, Dacca, Tripur, and Burisal.
3. That of Madhusudan Nydyaratna, the brother of Hara Mohan
Chudémani. Here there were three degiya and seven bideg? students,
_ the latter from Jessore and Burisal.
_ 4. That of Hariddésa Giromani. Here there were four students,
two from the neighbouring district and two from Dacea.
5. That of Gib Nath Bidydbdchaspati. Here there were four
students, two of whom came from Midnapore and one from Jessore ;
the fourth was a native of the Nuddea District.
6. That of Prasanna Cimdr Vidydratna, brother of the deceased
Cri Ram Tarkaratna. Here there were fourteen students, twelve of
whom were bidegi, 2. e., as coming from Burisal, Dacca, and Chitta-
gong.”**
Nydya.
1. That of the two brothers, Hara Mohan Chuddémani and Bhuvan-
—mohan Vidydratna, and their uncle, Raghtimant Vidydbhushan.
_ Here there were twenty-one students, four degfya and seventeen
bidegt,—the latter from Furreedpore, Burisal, Dacca, Midnapore,
_ dessore, Mithila, and one even from Nepal.
2. That of Prasanna Chandra Tarkaratna. Here there were
eighteen students, fourteen of whom were bidegé, 7. e., six from Mithi-
la, five from Delhi and Lahore, two from Pooree and one from the
Tamil country.
8. That of Madhava Chandra Tarkasiddhdnta. Were there were
sixteen students, eight of whom were bidecz, ¢. e., four from Bakla
near Comilla, two from Dinajpore, and two from Jessore.
* His pupils were quite middle-aged and some greyheaded. They wished to
read with him, though a young man of twenty-five, as he belonged to a family
long renowned as Smarta Pandits,
92 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ June,
4, That of Hart Nath Tdrkasiddhdnta. Here there were thirteen
students, ten of whom were bidecé, 7. e., five from Midnapore, four
from Mithila, and one from Nepal.
5. That of Krishna Kdanta Curoratna. Here there were two
students, both from Jessore.
6. That of Brahmagrama Swdmi, a dandi Goswami.
He had lately had seven students, but only one was with him
at the time of my visit. His former house was destroyed by an in-
undation of the river. Before him it had been occupied by a very
celebrated dandz named Swayam Prakaga ; and tradition reports that
it was at that house that the once projected College of Nuddea was to
have been established.
Thus at the time of my visit I found only twelve toles. Professor
Wilson in 1829 appears to have found twenty-five !
Besides these regular toles, there is also an udasin or ascetic re-
cluse from Pooree, named Kagi Nath Castri, who teaches Vedanta to
the students of other toles :—
The following are some of the celebrated pandits in Nuddea
without toles.
1. Lal Mohan Vidyabhushan.
2. Nanda Kumér Vidydébhushan. These two are very learned ia
Smriti.
The following are profounlly versed in Nyaya :—
3. Uméacharan Tarkaratna,
Rajndréyana Nyéyabhushan.
Nilmani Sarvabhauma.
Surya Kanta Vidyalankar.
Raghumani Tarkapanchanan.
Uma Kanta Nyayaratna.
pee Tt
Purushottam Nyayaratna.
Of « course there are also many toles in the villages round Nuddea,
these I did not visit; but I particularly heard of that of Lakshmi
Kanta Nyayabhushan, the purohit or family priest of the Maharajah.
He teaches Smriti at Barigachhi, about ten miles to the north of
Nuddea. I also heard a good deal of the Nyaya tole of Prasanna
Chandra Nydyaratna at Belpokhar, three kroses north of Nuddea.
This Pandit was one of the six who signed the petition to the
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 93
Lieutenant-Governor, the other five being, I believe, Nuddea
Pandits. He told me that he had twenty-two students, eleven
dectya and eleven bidegé from Mithilé, Burdwan and Delhi.
The Smri#i students are said generally to study at a tole for
eight years, the Nydya for ten years.* All toles are closed for ten
days in each-month, 7. e., on the Ist (pratipada), the 8th (ashtamz),
13th (trayodagr) 14th (chaturdact) and 15th pawrnamast) of each
paksha or fortnight, beside two weeks for the Saraswatee pooja and
occasionally for other parvas. In Nydyatoles they close from Ratha
to Fdsa, 2. e., from Ashadha to Kartika (five months), In Smriti toles
they close for three months, from Bhadra to Kartika. But of course
the studies are liable to irregular interruptions when the Pandits
receive invitations from the zemindars. During the vacations the
students go on begging expeditions (much as Hindoo and Buddhist
ascetics have been famed for doing from immemorial times), or they
return to their homes.
The studies at the Nuddea toles are chiefly confined to the follow-~
ing works, or parts of works, on logic and law :—
The chief works read in Nydya or Logic are, besides the well
known standard works, the Bhasha-parichchheda and its commentary
the Siddhénta Muktavali.
1. For Vydpti or the doctrine of the syllogism (comprising also
the endless subtleties on pakshatd, or the conditions and rules rela-
ting to the minor term in its connection with the major term and.
the middle), the commentaries on the Didhiti by Mathuranatha,
Jagadica and Gadadhara.
2. For hetwabhasa or the fallacies, the commentaries of Jagadica
and Gadadhara.
3. For Sdémdnyalakshana jndna (one of the most abstruse dis-
cussions of Hindu logic, referring to the transcendental perception,
by which the mind, as it were, seizes the class in the individual, or,
more properly, sees all the individuals under the one now present to
the eye), the commentary of Jagadic¢a.
4, The Kusumanjali, or the celebrated attempt of Udayana
* Of course but for the continued interruptions the course of study could be
finished in half the time,
94. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Junn,
Acharya to establish on Naiyayik arguments the existence of the
Supreme Being.*
5. The Qabda cakti prakagika of Jagadica.
The chief works on Law or Smriti are—
1. Parts of Raghunandana’s Ashtavingati Tattwa.
2. Dayabhaga.
3. The Craddha viveka.
4, The Prayacchitta viveka.
The peculiarities of the Nuddea scholastic training may be summed
up at once by a reference to that part of Bacon’s Novum Organon)
which describes the system of scholastic logic still current in his
day. In the 29th Aphorism of the first book he says that those
sciences which are founded on opinions and arbitrary dogmas have
a natural affinity to anticipation rather than to interpretation, and
to the scholastic logic rather than to his proposed induction, for
their object was to subdue assent, not things; to win victory in a
disputation over an antagonist, not to extend man’s dominion over
nature. We have here an exact account of Nuddea logic, and the
class of men whom it tends to educate,—its sole end is vichdra, to
win victory at a festival by clever arguments which silence the
opponent for the time being. Many Pandits devote most of their
attention to the purvapakshas, 7. e., those parts of the popular trea-
tises which give at great length the arguments of the opposite side
to the author,—it being the established rule in Hindu dialectics
that every writer must present at full his opponents’ views and
exhaust all that can be adduced in their favour, before he proceeds
to overthrow all that has been brought forward and to establish
his own opinion. These Pandits are thus enabled to stock them-
selves with a store of plausible arguments to oppose a popularly
received opinion, and thus to win the credit of ably supporting an
apparently hopeless cause. The very form of Hindu logic necessitates
* This has been edited with an English translation by the author of this
Report.
f The writer has heard Pundit Iswar Chunder Vidyasagar relate how he
first conceived his disgust at the native Nyd4ya, when as a student he once
spent a week of hard labour to master some abstruse opinion, which day
after day was elucidated and at length made clear by the teacher. When
the class met the next day, the first thing they heard was, “ now this view
is only the pwrvapaksha, we must now proceed to shew that it is incorrect.”
a
1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Societys 95
error,—it is so fatally bound up with technical terms, that it inevita-
bly degenerates into a mere playing with words; and this tendency,
which is to some extent an inherent fault in Kuropean, as well as
Hindu, medieval logic, becomes exaggerated to its height in the
modern Nuddea school.
In three of the toles we had the students exercise themselves in
a discussion; and it was very curious to watch the intense eagerness
of the disputants, as well as the earnest sympathy of the surrounding
students and Pandits. A successful sophism elicited a smile of ap-
probation from all.
The subject of one of these disputations was Sddhydbhdva or the
absence of the major term. I could not follow the intricacies of the
argument, but its summary was as follows ,—
All accept that Sddhydbhdva means the absolute absence of fire,
as, ¢. g., in a lake of water. But how is this to be understood?
a.—In the sentence the lake has the total absence of fire or is
totally destitute of fire; it cannot be merely meant that all fire
collectively is absent, because this equally applies to a volcano, as
that has indeed fire, but it is only mountainous fire and not kitchen
fire. The sentence would, in fact, be useless, as it would be as true
of any thing in the world as of your lake,—nothing can have all
fire in it. b.—Again, as the volcano has the absence of fire and
a jar, 2. e., has not fire and a jar both together, this is another way
in which we might say that the same description would apply (i
unlimited) to a voleano and a lake. c.—If you say the lake has
Kebala-vahni-abhava, 7. ¢., has the absence of fire alone, this gives
rise to a quibble on the meaning of ‘alone.’ Thisis met by defining
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[Sepr.
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153
Proceedings of the Asiatic Soctety.
1867.]
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154 Proceedings cf the Asiatic Society. [Sepr.
LIBRARY.
The following additions were made to the Library, since the Meeting
held in August, 1867.
*,* The names of Donors are in capitals.
Presentations,
Mittheilungen der Kaiserlich-Kéniglichen Geographischen Gesell-
schaft VIII. Jahrgang 1864 Heft I1—Tuz K. K. Grograpuiscue
GESELLSCHAFT.
Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich-Kéniglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt.
Jahrgang 1866 XVI. Band, Nos. 2 and 3.—Tuz K. K. Gzonogiscue ©
REICHSANSTALT.
Indische Studien, Vol. X. No. I.—Prorrssor A. WEBER.
Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften —
Math.-Nat. Classe Band, LIV. Hefte I to I1V.—Tuz K. Axaprmte
DER WISSENSCHAFTEN IN WIEN.
Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der, Wissenschaften
Phil.-Hist. Classe Band, LIII. Heite I to I1.—Tux K. Axapemim
DER WISSENSCHAFTEN IN WIEN.
Fontes Rerum Austriacarum: MHerausgegeben von der Histo-
rischen Commission der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in
Wien. Bende, XXV. XXVI. Abth, I] —Tue K. A. per Wissen-
SCHAFTEN IN WIEN.
Archive fir Osterreichische Geschichte. Herausgegeben von der zur
Pflege vaterlindischen Geschichte aufgestellten Commission der K.—
A. der Wissenschaften. Band, XXXVI. halfle, I1—Tue K. A. per
WIsSENSCHAFTEN IN WIEN.
Neérlands Streven tot ey van Japan voor den Wereld-
handel, by Mr. J. A. von der Chijs—Tue KonixiK Instrrvvr
voor DE T'aat-Lanp EN VoLKENKUNDE VAN NepERLAND-cH Inprk.
Bijdragen tot de Taal-Land en Volkenkunde von Nederlandsch
Indié Herste deel—3 and 4 Stuk.—Tue K. Ingrirvvr. v. pe Taat-
LAND-EN VOLKENKUNDE. v. NepreRianscu INDIE. |
Journal Asiatique, No. 33, 1867.—Tuex Socm’re’ Astatrqus, Paris,
Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. XV. No. 93 —Tur Royan —
Socrery or Lonpon. |
Actes de L’Acadimie Impériale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 155
Arts de Bordeaux, 29th Année, 1867.—Tur ImprRiaty AcADEMIE
or Borpravx.
Indische Alterthumskunde, by C. Lassen, Vol. I, Part I1—Tue
AUTHOR.
Die Papageien monographisch bearbeitet, by O. Finsch, Band IL—
Tue AvutHor.
Atlas der Hautkrankheiten, Lief, VI. 12, Tafn.—Tne K. A. D.
WIssENSCHAFTEN IN. WIEN,
Selections from the records of the Bombay Government, No. C. IV.
—Tue GoveRNMENT oF BENGAL.
Report on the Police of the Town of Calcutta and its Suburbs for
1866.—Tue Governmert or Brnaat.
Progress report of Forest Administrations in British Burmah,
1865-66.—Tuz Government or Inp1a.
Professional Papers on Indian Engineering, Vol. IV. No. 16—Tue
EpriTor.
Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. VI. pt. I.—Tuz
GoveRNMENT oF Bene@at.
A catalogue of Native Publications in the Bombay Presidency up
to December, 1864, by. Sir A. Grant.—Tue AvurHor.
Bulletin de la Société de .Géographie, Juin, 1867.—Tuz Paris
GmoGRAPHICAL Society.
Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg.
Tome X. Feuilles 1 to 36, Tome XI. Feuilles 1 to 19.—Tux
Acapr’mize Impr’RiALE pEs Screncus of St. PerersBoure.
Mémoires de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg
Tome X. Nos. 3 to 15,—Tue Acapr’Mie Impr’RIALE DES SCIENCES OF
St. PerERsBoure.
Monatsbericht der Koéniglich Preussischen Akademie de Wissens-
chaiten zu Berlin, January to December, 1866.—-Tux Prusstan Aca-
DEMY oF ScIENCES.
8 Copies of Auszug aus dem Monatsbericht der Kénigl. Akademie
der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: Nachtrag: itiber die Phonetik der
Tibetischen Sprache, von H. A. Jaeschke.—Tur Avurtuor.
Journal of the Statistical Society of London, June, 1867.—Tue
Socrery.
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlaindischen Gesselschaft. Edited
by Professor L. Krehl, 22nd°Band, Hefte 1, I1—Tne Enprror.
156 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. . [Sepr.
Purchases.
Revue des Deux Mondes, 15 Juin, Ist July 1867.
The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Vol. II. No. 115.
The Westminster Review, July, 1867.
The Quarterly Journal of Science, July, 1867.
Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, No. 5, 1867.
The Journal of Sacred Literature, July, 1867.
Comptes Rendus, Nos. 22, 23, 24 and 25, 1867.
Tables des Comptes Rendus, Tome LXIII.
Lane’s Arabic and English Dictionary, B. I. pt. 3.
Introduction du Buddhisme dans le Kashmir, by M. L. Feer.
Revue Archéologique, January to December, 1865.
Bohtlingk and Roth’s Sanskrit-Wé6rterbuch, 34 Lief.
Journal des Savants, Juin, 1867.
Hewitson’s Exotic Butterflies, part 63.
Arago’s Popular Astronomy, Vol. II.
The Wild Tribes of Malaya by the Rev. Favre.
Buckle’s History of Civilization in England, 3 Vols. ie
Justi’s Handbuch der Zendsprache.
The Indian Medical Gazette, Vol. IL. No. 9.
. Hachange.
The Atheneum, for June 1867.
ON IN Ik nen
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
For Novemser, 1867.
~O@ Ot
A General Meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday, the 6th
instant, at 9 p. um.
Dr. 8. B. Partridge, Vice-President, in the chair.
_ The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.
Presentations were announced :—
_- 1. From Colonel C. 8. Guthrie; 79 Sheets of the Ordnance Survey
| maps of England.
i 2. From Captain R. A. Cole; a copy of his Elementary Grammar of
_ the Coorg language.
| . 3. From Colonel J. T. Walker ; copies of the administration report
| of the Great Trigonometrical Jeoaat of India, and of the Topographical
| Survey i in the Bengal Presidency, for 1864-65 and 1865-66.
4, From Babu Kedarnath Banerjee, the publisher; a copy of Chanda-
aie Ndtaka, mich sapien ae
6. From F. Cockburn, Esq.; a specimen of Sciwrus palmarum.
| 7%. From J. Avdall, Esq. ; a fossil elephant tooth from Caunti.
~ 8. From John S. Harris, Esq. ; a copy of a Japanese and’ English
Dictionary.
9. From Babu Jadunéth Datta, a young Crocodile.
+ At the invitation of Dr. Partridge, Captain Anderson introduced two
Andamanese lads to the meeting. He also laid before the meeting the
following correspondence detailing the objects for which the boys had
| been brought to Calcutta. He had found them apt at learning the names
158 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Nov
of things, and acquiring a parrot-like imitation of sounds. They
had no objection to wearing clothes, but on the contrary showed an
especial deSire to wear them.
From Ineut-Colonel B. Forp, Superintendent, Port Blair.
To Capiain T. C. Anpursgon, Barrack Master, Fort William.
Dated Port Blair, 8rd August, 1867.
Srr,—In accordance with your expressed desire and offer, on the
occasion of your visiting this settlement some months ago, to under-
take the education of any Andamanese lad, who could be induced to
go to Calcutta for that purpose, I have the honor to acquaint. you
that I referred the matter to Mr. J. N. Homfray, in charge of the
Andamanese house at Port Mouat, in terms of my letter No. 248 dated —
31st of May last, copy attached.
2. From his reply No. 5 A, dated 19th June last, copy attached,
there appears to be no objection or difficulty in carrying out your —
object, so far as the children and their friends are concerned, and as it ©
is a scheme which, if successful, is likely to be fraught with many
advantages and benefit to the Andamanese themselves, and to the Go- —
vernment, in effecting an amicable understanding with the aborigines,
as well as regards other interests between them and future residents |
and settlers on those islands, I beg to recommend that you now apply
to the Supreme Indian Government for permission to carry out your
scheme, and if sanctioned, I shall be glad to afford you all the
assistance at my command in carrying it out.
I have the honor &.,
(Signed) B. Forp, Lieut.-Colonel.
From J. N. Homrray, Esq. Asstt. to the Superintendent, im charge @
the Port Mouat, Andaman Ids.
To Lieut.-Colonel B. Forp, Superintendent Port Blair.
Dated Port Mowat, 19th Tune, 1867. —
Srr,—lI have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter
No. 248 of the 31st May last on the subject of an offer of Captain
T, C. Anderson to undertake the education of an Andamanese lad, q
who would afterwards prove of great use to the world, particularly tom
those dwelling in these Islands. |
I acknowledge the offer to be a most liberal and charitable one,
with great advantages to be gained by all who take an interest in the
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. | 159
welfare of mankind; especially of those unfortunates, who have not
yet the light of civilization thrown open to them.
I have enquired of the Andamanese on the subject, to which they
have no objection, and I would suggest that the best way to carry it
_ out to satisfaction would be as follows :-—
I believe about the end of this year there is to be an Ethnological
congress in Calcutta, in which case, I dare say, I might be required
_to show the races of these Islands, and on which occasion I could
take such lads as are desirable and willing to remain behind in
—
- Calcutta for education. I would return with their parents or guardians,
_ who would then be sure of the youngsters being taken care of and
treated kindly. I would advise two or three being educated, as
j jointly they are likely to do more good than a single boy, whom their
friends would doubt, and not take notice of on his return. It is
necessary for them to keep up their own language in Calcutta, and
also, on their return here, to keep up the English they would learn in
“Calcutta. They would also recall to each other past occurrences,
| which they would relate as instances to their friends, and which no
| doubt would be very interesting and useful to them. Should one die,
_ the others could explain the cause to the tribe, on their return, and
| ee | am sure their parting from their friends would not be felt severely.
| By the same opportunity I would pay for the expense of one lad in
| living and education, and would further suggest that their separation
| from the tribe should not be for more than two years, after which
| period, on visiting them, should they express a wish to return to their
homes, they ought to be Mlowed it, and again, if found necessary, and
they be willing to return to Calcutta for education, it may be continued.
This would show them our good intentions, and would increase their
| confidence in us. The lads should be treated kindly and with mild-
| ness, and not frequently flogged for not knowing their lessons and
| other trifles ; firmness is necessary, which can be effected by withold-
| Img any indulgences from them. The mere knowing of the Eng-
Tish language, with our habits, customs and manners, is a great boon
| without being great scholars. This should be the first two years’
tuition : food and clothing will be the heavy expense.
I have &c.,
(Signed) J. N. Homrray.
160 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Nov:
From Lieut.-Colonel B, Forp, Superintendent.
To J. N: Homrray, Lsq.,
Dated Port Blair, 31st May, 1867.
Sir,~—On the occasion of the visit to this settlement, some months
ago, of Captain T. C. Anderson, Barrack Master, Fort William, Cal-
cutta, that officer made, I believe, an offer to you of undertaking the
education of any Andamanese lad, who could be induced to go to
Calcutta for that purpose; the object in view being eventually to
send amongst the aborigines of those islands, a man of their own
tribe, who might not only be an interpreter between them and _ us,
but with whose aid perhaps greater ends might be accomplished.
2. I have the honor now to inform you, that I have by the last —
mail received a renewal from Captain Anderson of his former offer.
This offer is a most liberal one, and I am of opinion that no pains
should be spared to take advantage of it; and I should be much ~
obliged to you therefore, if you will endeavour to induce any of the —
elders of the tribe, with whom we are most friendly, to nominate a
lad, say from 7 to 10 years of age, whose friends they might be able
to persuade for a time to part with him, in order to go to Calcutta for
the purpose of education. Our Andamanese friends must have such a
pleasurable recollection of Calcutta hospitality and kindness, (in which
respect they owe much to yourself), that I entertain a hope that
there would not be much difficulty in inducing the Andamanese to
send a lad away for a time for the above purpose. |
3. I would suggest, should there be any Teluctance to send a single
individual, that I would undertake to induce Captain Anderson to
receive two lads, who would thus not only be happy in their com-
panionship, but who, from living together, would be less likely to for-
get their mother tongue.
4. J should feel obliged by your giving me an early reply in this
matter, as I am desirous of replying to Captain Anderson’s offer, as
requested, by the next mail,
I have, &e.
(Signed) B. Forp, Lieut.-Col.
1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 161
From A. H. Harineton, Esg., Offg. Under-Secy. to the Govt. of India.
To Captain T. C. Annerson, Barrack Master, Fort William.
Dated Simla, the 9th September, 1867.
Srr,—I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of
the 21st ultimo, and to state in reply that the Governor-General in
Council has much pleasure in acceding to your wish to undertake the
charge of not more than two Andamanese lads, for the philanthropic
purposes indicated in your letter, provided they are not removed from
India, and that they are produced whenever required, either for in-
spection, or if Government should think it fit, for restoration to their
friends,
T have, &e.
(Signed) A. H. Harineron,
From Ineut.-Col. B. Forp, Superintendent, Port Blair.
To “oe ginal T. C. Anpsrson, B. 8. C.
Dated Port Blair, 21st October, 1867.
Sir,—I is the honor to inform you that, agreeably to your request,
and by the permission of the Government of India, two Andamanese
| lads are forwarded by this opportunity, to be made over to you, in
accordance with your philanthropic intentions as regards the under-
| taking of their education and improvement, with the view to their
| ultimately being a benefit to their fellow islanders on the Andamans.
Dr. J. B. Gaffney, in medical charge of the troops on Board the
| “ Arracan,” has been so good as to take charge of the lads, to make
them over to you. As the steamer “ Arracan’’ returns immediately
_ to Calcutta, and as Mr. Homfray has had, consequently, but 24 hours’
notice of her departure, he has net been able by this opportunity to
~ send you the vocabulary you wish for, but trusts to do so at an early
date.
The two lads have been selected by Mr. Homfray and myself; the
objects we had in the selection were, to send such as were willing to
_ go, whose relations had no objection to their being sent, who had
themselves evinced intelligence, and were not too old for placing
under tuition. Their names are.
1 Katoo.
2 Katoo Moogtie.
~ “Scedi Boy”—The former name given by Mr. Homfray.
Andaman names, 1
162 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. — [ Nov.
For facility of recognition these lads have been given the simple
names of
1 Joe
2 Tom
Mr. Homfray has rationed and made every provision for the lads on
} Andaman.
board the ‘ Arracan.’
The original enclosure of your letter of 12th ultimo is herewith
returned.
T have, &.
(Signed) B. Forp, Lieut.-Col. |
At the request of the chairman the boys sang a native song and
performed a native dance.
The special thanks of the meeting were voted to Captain Anderson
for the introduction of his interesting charges.
M. EH. Petit, duly proposed and seconded at the last meeting, was
balloted for and elected an ordinary member of the Society.
The following gentlemen were nominated candidates for ballot as
ordinary members at the next meeting. |
W. H. Stevens, Esq. C. E., proposed by Mr. V. Ball, seconded by —
Mr. Ormsby (for re-election).
G. King, Esq. M. D. 1st Central India Horse, proposed by Dr. Ewart,
seconded by Mr. Ormsby.
J. 8. Harris, Esq. proposed by Dr. Colles, seconded by Mr. Scott.
F. J. Chambers, Esq., India Carrying Co., proposed by Mr. W. King,
seconded by Mr. Ormsby.
Lieutenant J. Johnstone, Superintendent of Elephant Khuddas,
Central Provinces, proposed by Mr. Medlicott, seconded by Mr. H. F.
Blanford. ,
J. W. Chisholm, Esq. Commissioner of Belaspore, Central Provinces, —
proposed by Mr. Medlicott, seconded by Mr. H. F. Blanford. .
H. Gay, Esq. Finance Department, proposed by Dr. J. Anderson, se-
conded by Mr. Locke. =
Letters from the following gentlemen, intimating their desire to
withdraw from the Society were recorded ;—
The Hon’ble E. Drummond.
Babu Siiratnath Mullick,
1867.] _ Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 163
Ki. 8. Robertson, Esq.
Mr. H. B. Medlicott moved the following, notice of which was duly
given at the last meeting.
“‘ That the latter portion of Rule 62 be altered to read as followa’ _—
‘for the purpose of taking into consideration special matters selahtaty
to the business of the Society, but not extending to the alteration of a
Bye Law.’ ”
Some discussion arose on this motion as to the course that should
be adopted in accordance with the Rules of the Society ; at the con-
clusion of which, the Chairman notified that in accordance with Rule
43, the motion must be referred to the Council for Report.
The Council reported that they have re-elected Mr. H. F. Blanford, a
member of their body and as General -Secretary to the Society, in
place of Mr. M. H. Ormsby who has resigned, and they recommended
that a vote of thanks be given to Mr. M. H. Ormsby for his valuable
Services as Secretary.
The vote of thanks was unanimously carried.
Read a letter from the Secretary to the Government of India, forward-
ing, for the information of the Society, copies of the following circular
letter to the local Governments, on photographing architectural
Temains and other works of art in India.
Simla, the 29th August, 1867.
- Srr,—The desirability of conserving ancient architectural structures
‘or their remains, and other works of art in India, and of organizing a
| system for photographing them, has attracted the attention of the
| Governor-General in Council, and, as the first step towards attaining
these objects, I am directed to request that a list may be submitted,
| for the information of the Government of India, of all such remains
or works of art as may exist in each district, together with a report
of the measures that have from time to time been adopted to preserve
them.
2. As regards photographing them, the Governor- deibai in
Beecil is of opinion that the employment of professional skill will be
| unnecessary, and that the services of amateurs may with advantage
be enlisted.
3. In this view, I am directed to request that arrangements may
be made for the photographing by competent amateurs of all such
164 Proceedings of the Asiatic ‘Society. [Nov.
objects of architectural and artistic interest in their neighbourhood, as
may be included in the list called for in the opening paragraph of this
letter, and for their submission to the Secretary of State.
4. Tam to add that some assistance may be given, where desired,
either in the shape of travelling expenses, or by the purchase of a cer-
tain number of copies of really good photographs.
I have the honor to be,
Sr,
Your most obedient Servant,
(Signed) K. C. Baytey,
Secretary to the Govt. of India.
No. 4040.
Copy forwarded to the Foreign Department for communication and
issue of the necessary orders to the Political Officers under its control.
Secretary to the Govt. of India.
The following letter from H. P. Lemesurier, Esq., was read.
Allahabad, Oct. 24th, 1867.
My DEAR GROTE,
Ihave just hit upon a large area of ground covered with Cairns
or stone barrows, each of which has contained a perfect kist: very
many have been ransacked in times past by the natives. I opened one
that seemed undis- :
turbed. Its section
was longitudinally
thus :—
Three of the four
stone on edge. Covering slabs about four feet, and from 18 inches to
27 inches wide. Length 6’ 6” breadth 2’ 0’. Depth 18 inches or
rather more ; not any vestige even of a tooth or jaw bone, but mould
of fine quality. Two chips of sandstone might have been in use
There must be a hundred tumuli in all. Have these been noticed
before? I send sketch of the position.
(Signed) TH. P, Lemesurimr.
—-1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 165
CRA CEASA TL
10
Maae,
IQUCUAAA CL 29 TTT
fi! iif Yy Wy : :
is ne etal) ia
Aq) Cy
HZ
NS
MY
Gf; Ley
Gu O5
i I TT im mi
TT)
55°
—_——— a —— e000 a OC TTT
515° S 3
ie 2
_ Area covered by tumuli shaded thus—
i a
:
166 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Nov.
of the Anemometer, so that the pressure of the wind was registered for
a small part only of the storm. He moved that Government be solicited
to make enquiry into the cause of these failures. The proposition was
seconded by Mr. Medlicott and carried unanimously. The possibility
of warning the town in cyclones was also a subject of discussion.
The receipt of the following communications was announced.
From Lieut.-Col. C. L. Showers. On the Meenas, a wild tribe of
* Central India.”’
2. From W. Theobald, Hsq. Jr. A descriptive Catalogue of the
reptiles of British Burma,
3. From R. Michell, Esq., F. R. G.S. A Drdnslecen of “ Survey
of the western extremity of the Karakau Mountains by Captain
Meyer,” and of “ A General Survey of the country lying to the
westward of the Trans Ili Region between the rivers Chin and the
Jaxartes or Syr Daria, by Col. Poltorotski.”
Dr. Waldie made the following observations with reference to
2)
the communication he had made to the Society at the meeting of 3rd
April last, on the subject of the Hooghly water :—
Observations had been continued during the succeeding hot and
rainy seasons, in order to settle one or two points then left doubtful.
As respects the river water of the hot season, the new observations had —
confirmed the former ones in regard to the amount of organic matter :
much less common salt, however, had been found in the water than in
the previous year. Possibly this might have arisen from the proper
time of full tide not having been caught, although this seemed not a
very probable explanation. With respect to the water of the rainy
season, he had formerly brought particularly to notice its putridity :
this year, however, it was not found to be so characterised or at least
only to a very slight degree: had the odour been the only point of
difference observed, it might have been supposed to be due to some
mistake in observation, but several other points of difference were —
found to exist, and all of them corroborative of the indications of the
first. Indeed, judging from the amount of vegetation formed in the
water by long standing, the water of 1865 contained more organi¢ :
matter than that of 1866, and this again than that of 1867. He was
disposed to attribute these differences to some general cause, possibly _
connected with the amount of rainfall, but could form no decided opinion.
1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 167
The particulars of these observations would be found in a post-
script, dated 16th September, to the paper, Part III, just aa
in the Society’s Journal.
LIBRARY.
The following additions were made to the Library since the last
meeting in September.
*,* The names of Donors in capitals.
Presentations.
The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, Vol. 36.—TueE
Royat Grograpurcan Society or Lonpon.
Mélanges Asiatiques tirés du Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale
des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, Tome V. Chronologisches Verzeichniss
der seit dem Jahre 1801 bis 1866 in Kasan gedruckten arabischen,
tirkischen, tartarischen und persischen Werke, als Katalog der in dem
asiatischen Museum befindlichen Schriften der Art, von B. Dorn.—
Tue AUTHOR. .
Selections from the Records of the Government of India, Foreign
Department, No, LIJI.—Tur Government or Inpia, anp THE Govt.
or BENGAL.
Two copies of Professor Wilson’s Glossary of Indian Terms.—
Tue GovERNMENT oF Inpra.
Dattaka
Chandakaushika nétaka.—Basoo Keparnatu BANERJEE.
Annual Report and Transactions of the Adelaide Philosophical Society
for 1865 and 1866 :—Tuz Soctery.
Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi, edidit F. A. G. Miquel.
Tome III. Fase I—V.—T ur Luypen Untverstry.
_ Rahasyasandarbha, No. 42.—Basu Rasenprauana Mrrra.
Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, for July and August, 1867.—
Tus Groerapuicat Society or Paris,
Mémoires de Académie Impériale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres
et Arts de Jiyon: new series; Vols. XII, XIV and XV.—Tue
Imprrran Acaprmy or Scrences, Bettus-Lurrres anp Arts or Lyons.
Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d’Agriculture et
d’Industrie: 3rd series, Vols. IX and X.—Tue Imprrran Socimty
or Agricutture &c. or Lyons.
Indische Studien, Vol. X. No, 2.—Tue Avruor.
168 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [ Nov.
Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Dublin. Vol. IV. pt.
I1I.— Tue Narvurat History Society or Dustin.
Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. VI, pt. 2.—Tuz
GovERNMENT OF BENGAL.
Selections from the Records of Government, North-Western Pro-
vinces, Part XLV.—Tue Government or THE Norru-Western Pro-
VINCES.
Notes on the Propagation and Cultivation of the Medicinal Cin-
chonas or Peruvian Bark trees, by W. G. McIveor.—Tum GovERNMENT
oF BENGAL.
An Elementary Grammar of the Coorg Language, by Captain R. A.
Cole, Superintendent of Coorg.—Tue Avruor.
The Anthropological Review, Nos, 18 and 19.—-Tuz AntHRoPoLo-
@icaL Society or Lonpon.
The Journal of the Chemical Society, for July, August and Septem-
ber, 1867.—Tuu Cuemicat Society or Lonpon.
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. X. No. 76.
—Tue American PuinosopnicaL Society.
Memorie della Reale Accademia della Scienze di mi caatale Vol.
XXIT.—Tue R. Acapremy or Scrences or Turin.
Atti della R. Accademia Della Scienze di Torino, Vols. 1 and 2.
—Tue R. Acapemy or Screncus or Turin.
Purchased.
The Song of Songs, a pastoral drama, not by King Solomon, with
notes by Satyam Jayate. |
Adam’s Wanderings of a Naturalist in India.
Forbes’s Hindustani and English Dictionary, Part I.
Revue Archéologique: new series Vols. XIII and XIV, and Nos. 1,
2, 3, 4, 6, T and 8, 1867.
Encyclopédie Méthodique; Histoire Naturelle des Vers. Vols. 1,
2, 3 and 4.
Tableau Encyclopédique et Méthodique des Trois Régnes de la
Nature. Vers, Coquilles, Mollusques et Polypiers, Vols. 1, 2 and 3.
The Ibis, July 1867.
The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Vol. 26, No. 116.
The Edinburgh Review, July, 1867.
Revue de Deux Mondes, 15th July, 15 August, and 1 September, 1867.
Proceding of the Asiatic Society. 169
Revue de Zoologie, No. VIII. 1867.
Comptes Rendus, Nos. 1, and 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, Vol. LXV.
Bopp’s Glossarium Comparativum Linguae Sanscritae, last part.
The Calcutta Review, August 1867.
The Indian Medical Gazette, October and November 1867.
Journal des Savants, Aout 1867.
Indische Studien, Vol. X. No. 2.
A Catalogue of Shells, British and Foreign, with a supplement by
W. Wood.
Bentham and Hooker’s Genera plantarum, Vol. I. Part ITI.
Tomlin’s Comparative vocabulary of forty-eight languages.
The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, September, 1867.
Reeve’s Conchologia Iconica, Parts 264 and 265.
Hachange.
The Atheneum for August, 1867.
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PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
For Decemper, 1867.
wach o-
A monthly general meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday
the 4th December, 1867 at 9 p. m. .
Dr. J. Fayrer, President in the chair.
The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.
A photograph by Messrs. Thepland and Bourne, of the two
Andaman lads introduced at the last meeting was exhibited by Captain
Anderson; and it was announced that members desiring to obtain
copies might procure them at the photographers’.
_ The following gentlemen duly proposed and seconded at the last
‘meeting were balloted for and elected as ordinary members.
+ W. H. Stevens, Esq. C. E.
G. King, Esq. M. D. -
J.8. Harris, Esq.
I. J. Chambers, Esq.
Lieut. J. Johnstone,
a J. W. Chisholm, Esq.
E. Gay, Esq.
The following were nominated as candidates for ballot at the
January meeting.
| Baboo Rakal Doss Haldar, Deputy Collector, Maunbhoom, proposed
by Col. E. T. Dalton seconded by Dr. J. Anderson.
J. Boxwell, Esq. C. S. Officiating Deputy Commissioner, Western
Doars, proposed by Lieut. J. Williamson seconded by Dr. J. Anderson,
The Rev. J. C. Browne, has intimated his desire to withdraw from
the Society.
172 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Dec.
The Council reported that they have elected Coll. J. E. Gastrell —
and Dr. J. P. Colles, members of their body, in places of H. B. —
Medlicott, Esq. and Dr. J. Anderson who have resigned.
They announced also that they had nominated Col. J. H. Gastrell
as Hon. Treasurer, and Dr. J. P. Colles as Natural History Secretary
of the Society.
The council recommended that a special vote of thanks to be given to
Dr, J. Anderson and H. B. Medlicott, Esq. for their valuable services
as officers of the Society.
The proposition was agreed to unanimously.
A letter from Professor Bapu Deva Sastri with reference to a letter
received some months since from Major Ellis was read. The following
are the original letter and the reply.
Southbrook Cottage ; Starcross ; near Exeter,
20th November, 1866.
Derr Sr1r,—I beg to enclose a copy of an astronomical calculation,
identifying a partial eclipse of the sun, recorded on a grant of land by
Janamajaya, published p. 447, Vol. 6, Bengal Asiatic Researches,
with one, given by Fergusson, which occurred on 8rd April, A. D. 889,
for which I am indebted to the kindness and scientific knowledge of
Captain Peacock, formerly of the Royal Navy; and shall esteem it «
particular favour, if you will, in the first instance, kindly be at the
trouble of ascertaining, whether the pandits of India have any ~
knowledge of the eclipse, which happened on the 3rd April, A. D. 889, —
about Sambat 946 Vikramaditya; and afterwards proceed with the —
enquiry of testing by their knowledge the validity or otherwise of —
the identity of the two Eclipses, supposed to be established by Captain —
Peacock’s postulate.
* ok 6 * * * *K *
R. R. M. ELLIS.
In explanation of the very great interest which I take in these
enquiries, I should mention, that when I was agent in nae
I held the office of Vice-President Delhi Archeological Society, and
for several years when in constant communication with Sir Hey
Elliot and Mr. Thomason about them. ,
j
1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 173
Postulate regarding a partial eclipse of the sun on Sunday in the
_ Krishna Paksha, or dark half of the moon in the month of Chaitra,
when the sun was entering the northern hemisphere, the moon being
in the Nakshatra Aswini; recorded on a grant of land on copper by
Janamajaya, the son of Parikshita: published p. 44, Vol. 6, Bengal
Asiatic Researches, 1809.
The words of the text are “‘ Chaitramasa Krishna”’ or the dark half of
the month, and as Chaitra answers to the month between 15th March
and 15th April, the dark half would seem to imply the time of
new moon for that month, at which time only could an eclipse of
the swn happen; and this would be in March or early in April
the dark half of the moon being then turned towards the earth,
and within the limits of the 17th in the Lunar Nodes: as a solar
eclipse only can happen when the moon’s latitude, as observed
geometrically, is less than the sum of the hemidiameters of the
sun and moon. combined; because the course of the moon in its
path being oblique to that of the sun, makes an angle of 5° 35”.
Now in examining into the date of the eclipse named in the
text, and working out the dominical letter and Epact according to
the tables in the prayer-book as well as those given by Fergusson, it
7 would seem to have been that named in Fergusson’s astronomy at page
"217, in Strack’s Catalogue of Eclipses as having been observed at Con-
stantinople on the 3rd April, A. D. 889 ; the record of the Hindu plates
states that the moon was in the Nakshatra Aswini, which answers to
the zodiacal sign Arves, and which would also coincide with the
month “Chaitra,” or between the 15th March, and 15th April, as
_ the sign Aswini or the horse’s head comprised a portion or period of
“the Zodiac—a little over 13 days—the dark shadow of the moon,
and ergo, the sun would therefore be in Aswini on the 3rd April,
the sun having entered the Northern Hemisphere, or the first
| star of Aswint on the 22nd March, coincident or nearly so with
the sign of Aries, and quitted Aswini on the 4th April, to enter
| Bhaiani.
|. Ihave calculated all the other eclipses of the sun, happening
between the 22nd and 31st March from the year 1261 down to
1699, twelve in number, or during the period of Aswini path,
but not one of these happened on a Sunday, and no solar eclipse
174 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Dec.
took place in Aswini at any period except the 8rd April answering to
Sunday.
There was a solar eclipse observed at Rome on the Ist April, A. D.
238, and one on the second April, 1307, observed at Ferara, but
neither of these fell on a Sunday, therefore I am of opinion that the
one named in the text must have occurred on the 8rd April, A. D.
839.
(Signed) Gorge Peacock, F. R. G. 8.
Formerly Waster, Royal Navy, 1835.
To Babé Rasenprauata Mirra, Hon. M. R. A. 8. Phil. Secretary
; Asiatic Society, Bengal.
Sr1r,—TI have the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of your letter
No. 765 dated the 28th ultimo, together with extracts from Major _
Hillis’ letter. He states in it, that the Solar eclipse, observed at
Constantinople in the month of April, 889 A. D., happened ona
Sunday in the Krishna Paksha, the month Chaitra, when the
moon was in Asvinz. But I have carefully ascertained that this eclipse
occurred on Friday and not on Sunday. I have determined this also,
that the eclipse answers to the 8rd April according to the old style,
but by the new style it fellon the 8th April. Major Ellis mentions
also that no Solar eclipse took place in Asvini at any period except —
the 8rd April answering to Sunday. But this is not the case, as a _
great Hindu Astronomer named Granesa, the author of Grahdlaghava
says :
wa eaeqa emis war wife Ta SATS
ge eistafae faracfess ways aT ya
ates wasted qrataaate qa: arate.
SU eu feqrargreaatae Hard Aa ST VT WATT
“Tn the year 1448 of the Salivahana era the Sanwatsara called
Vorsha and the month of Chaitra, a total eclipse of the sun took place
on Sunday at the time of new moon, 13 ghatis (from sunrise) in the 4
nakshatra asvint. At the time of obscuration the star dsvini (a
Avietis) even though it was too near to the sun, the planets Mercury —
and Venus, and the seven stars of Ursa Major &., were visible, the
owls were flying all about and all people were confused.”
1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 175
I have also calculated this eclipse, and found that Ganesa is quite
right.
The time of this eclipse answers to the 6th April (O. S.) or the
17th April (N. 8.) 1521 A. D.
Therefore it cannot be supposed that the solar eclipse recorded on
the grant of land occurred on the 8rd — 889 A. D. because it fell
on Friday and not on Sunday.
Yours faithfully,
BAPU DEVA SASTRI.
Benares, 21st Oct. 1867.
Read a letter from Dr. J. L. Stewart of Lahore on the carnivorous
habits of the Himalayan bear.
Lahore, Nov. 25th, 1867.
My pgar S1r,—It would appear that the problem has not hitherto
been definitely solved, as to whether the Himalayan bears are ever
carnivorous, except under stress of want of vegetable food. The
following may accordingly be interesting to some members of the
Society.
On 7th ultimo, Lieut. Chalmers and Mr. Sparling of the Forest
Dept. reached Portee in Punji on the upper Chenab, lying at about
_ 7500 feet above the sea, in order to inspect and extend certain Deodar
plantations.
It was reported to them that on that morning a large brown
Bear had fought with and killed a smaller one and eaten part of the
‘body, at a spring close to the plantation and in sight of some of the
labourers. The body of the smaller bear was found concealed under
_ leaves and grass, a part near the belly having evidently been gnawed
~ and torn off by the jaws of some powerful animal.
On the 10thit was reported that at the same place and within
‘sight of several labourers, the same larger bear had fought with and
Killed another. The body of the latter, a female, was found by the
| two officers concealed under leaves, a considerable portion of the back
having been consumed.
It would perhaps have been more satisfactory if, in both cases,
the bodies had been left for a time, to discover if the cannibal would
come back to complete his meal.
Near the spot there is abundance of walnuts and wild fruits of
176 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Dro.
which the bear is fond, as well as of standing buck-wheat, which is
perhaps preferred to other kinds of vegetable food.
Yours very truly,
L. L. STEWART.
With reference to the above, Dr. Buckle mentioned having once
possessed a Cashmere bear which though tamed and well fed, killed and
ate a goat. He shewed an especial taste for old bones: and at last
his carnivorous propensities rendered it necessary to destroy him.
The receipt of the following communication was annonnced.
From Colonel A. Fytche “A Memorandum on the Panthays of
Yunan.”
At the request of the President, Colonel A. Fytche then read the
Memorandum as follows :—
‘‘ Considerable difficulties exist in procuring correct intelligence of
the Panthays, or Mahomedan population of Yunan. In the first
place, they were not inclined themselves to be communicative ; but
rather assume a studied ignorance of their own affairs :—Secondly, com-
munication can only be ordinarily held with them, through Chinese
merchants and brokers, residents of Burma Proper, who speak the Bur-
mese language; and who, in addition to their own private and self- —
interested motives for preventing free intercourse with traders from
Yunan, are moreover in the pay, or subject to the influence of the
King of Burma. They well understand the royal policy of exclusive-—
ness, and have been made acquainted with the several indirect orders
which from time to time, have been issued by the Government, in
order to restrict as effectually as possible, every means of intercourse ry
between Panthays and foreigners of all nations. The little information,
therefore, which it has been possible to collect from the above sources”
furnished me by Captain Sladen, and also from a few Panthays who
visited Moulmain with a Shan caravan, when I was Commissioner of
the Tenasserim and Martaban Provinces in 1861, is vague and meagre; _
but such as it is, I will now briefly record it. -
‘‘ A paper has been published in the Russian Military Journal for —
August 1866, on the late rising of the Dungens, or Mussalman popula- _
tion in Western China. I am of opinion that there is no political affinity
between the Dungens of the North Western, and the Panthays of the
South Western Provinces of China; or rather, that the presenti
>
x
—
1867. ] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 177
rising of the Dungens on the North, bears no relation to the former
rebellion of the Panthays on the south, or to any subsequent move-
ment of the Southern Mussalman population of Yunan, to throw off
the Chinese yoke ; such movement having commenced as early as the
year 1855.
‘This opinion must be understood, however, to have reference only
to the present attitude and circumstances of the Panthays in Yunan;
without any speculative allusion to causes, or the possibility of
future combination; for the Panthays of Yunane and the Dungens,
are, after all, of the same race and religion, and are merely divided
from each other, by the Province of Sechuen; and a general struggle
for independence, if it really arises, and is able to make head against
the Chinese Government, will certainly include at no great distance
of time, the whole of the Mahomedan population in China wherever
found. The first sign of acombination between Panthays and Dun-
gens, will be manifested by the fall of Sechuen, and the news of such
an event would soon reach this Province.
“The term Dungen or Turgen is not known or comprehended by
either Panthays or Burmese. The Mahomedans of the North
Western Provinces of China are known to the Panthays, by the same
denomination as they call themselves, “ Mooselin,” and to the
Burmese as. “ Tharet.” The word Panthay, or as it is sometimes
pronounced Panzee, is of Burmese origin, and is a mere corruption of
the Burmese word “ Puthee,” which signifies, or distinguishes Ma-
-homedans from persons of other religions in Burma. The Chinese
: call the Panthays ‘‘ Quayz.”” What they term the Mahomedans of
‘Kansoo, I am not aware—possibly it may be Dungen or Turgen.
“The Mahomedans of Kansoo are said to have lately achieved their
Mmdependence, and occupy that province under a chief named Abdool
Jaffir.
“The Mahomedans of Yunan are merely aremnant, I should imagine,
of the great wave of Mahomedan aggression, which, under Maho-
med of Guznee, Mahomed Ghori, and Gengis Khan, overran Per-
sia, India, and a portion of Northern China: their ingress and pro-
‘gress in China, are separately given or accounted for by Chinese and
Panthays. The Panthay account is somewhat mythical, and as-
sumes at once the superiority of their race. The Chinese version
178 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Dzc.
deals less in mystery, and is more in bearing with supposed historical
facts. They are as follows :—
“ Panthay Version. Once upon atime, China was subjected toa —
plague of evil spirits, who desolated the whole country, and in fact
put a stop to the regular course of nature. The sun ceased to shew
itself, excepting now and then, in obscure and fitful gleams; and the
land refused to produce, or yield fruit in due seasson. During this
calamitous state of affairs, the Emperor ‘dreamed a dream,’ in
which a form was prominently revealed to him, in the dress of an
Arab; but indicating at the same time, every appearance of peace and
friendly goodwill. Astrologers and experts in such matters, inter-
preted the Emperor’s dream to signify, that the plague of evil spirits
would cease on the appearance of a force of Mahomedan Arabs who ©
were well known to be a source of terror to evil spirits and devils of
every description. The Emperor was convinced, and sent a mission
direct to the Prophet Mahomed, in which he begged the assistance of
a few of the Prophet's followers. Mahomed sent 860 men, who, in
due time, reached China. By virtue of their presence, the evil spirits
vanished, and the country was restored to its former prosperity. The
Arabs were treated with becoming honour, and allowed to settle and
establish themselves, in the vicinity of the Royal Capital. But in
course of time their numbers increased to such an extent that the
Chinese Government became anxious about its own safety; and an
arrangement was effected, by which the Arab population near Pekin
was broken up, and sent in small parties to the confines of the Hm-
pire; where they have since established themselves, more or less
firmly, and in some instances proclaimed their independence.
““ Chinese Version.—- About a thousand years ago, there wasa great
rebellion in China, and the Government was in danger. The reign-
ing Sovereign at the time was Oung-lo-show; and being in tribulation,
he sent for assistance to a certain King, named Razzee or Khazee,
who ruled over the countries to the West of China. A Mahomeda
contingent of 10,000 men was sent, and with their assistance, the
rebellion was suppressed, and the services of the contingent dispensed
with. But a difficulty now arose, as to the return of the Mahome-
dans to their own country. They had been greatly reduced i
numbers, and their inclination to stay where they were and settle
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 179
down in China, was encouraged by reports, which reached them,
to the effect that a return to their own country was forbidden,
owing to long residence abroad, and their pollution as Mahome-
dans by contact with swine and other abominations, which were
known to abound in China. The remnant of the contingent was
finally located in Yunan, and settling down there, became peaceful
subjects of the Emperor of China.
“It is to be inferred that the Mahomedan population in Yunan
was, for some centuries, at least, loyally disposed towards the Chi-
nese Government; for no particular mention is made of them in
Chinese History, as far as is known, after their domestication in
Yunan, until the year 1855, when they rebelled and _ successfully
threw off the Chinese yoke.
“The rebellion is stated to have originated and been carried out
in this wise. The Panthays in Yunan had multiplied and become
a flourishing and distinct community. They preserved their separate
nationality and customs, but were nevertheless obedient to the Chi-
nese laws. The Chinese and Tartar officials are said to have
been oppressive, and the foreign population was specially marked
out for the exercise of more than ordinary severity. Their indus-
trious habits and general aptitude made the Mahomedans _ profit-
able subjects; whilst it rendered them, at the same time, victims to
unjust and extortionate masters. Then a feeling of enmity and
hate was engendered, with the usual results, The Loosonphoo
Silver Mines of Yunan were worked by Panthays, under the
superintendence of Chinese officers. Ona certain day a dispute arose
at the mines, and the miners, exasperated by unjust treatment, had
recourse to force and murdered every Chinese officer they could find.
The revolt of the miners, was at once followed by a general armed
rising of the Panthays throughout Yunan. Being far inferior in num-
ber to the Chinese, they at first took to the woods and mountain fast-
“hhesses, whence they carried on a fierce guerilla warfare. Meeting
every where with success, they were soon joined by large numbers of
the neighbouring semi-independent hill tribes of Shans, Kakhyens,*
- * The Kakhyens above alluded to are a portion of the vast horde of
- Singphoos, that inhabit the mountainous districts of Northern Assam, and
stretch round the north of Burma into Western China, They extend not only
all along the Northern Frontier, but dip down Southward wherever the moun-
tain ranges lead them, and nearly as far south as the latitude of Mandalay.
180 Proceedings of the Asiatie Society. [Dec.
and others, when they soon extended their operations to the plains,
and to the siege of large towns; and the local Government, receiving
no assistance from Pekin, finally succumbed, the insurgents became
supreme, and a separate Panthay Government was established with
its Head Quarters at Tali or Talifoo, then only a city of secondary
importance, but where the Mahomedan element had always been very
strong. Feeble attempts have since been made, from time to time, to
recover the lost Province, by the despatch of Imperial Troops from
the Capital; but the Chinese Government has never been able to
make head against the Panthays; and the troops sent have generally
been repulsed, before they could even penetrate within the Yunan
frontier.
“The present Mahomedan Government of Yunan is presided over by
a wilitary chief styled Sooleman by the Panthays, and Tuwintsen by
the Chinese. He has assumed the insignia of Royalty, by formal
instalation on the guddee, and by the exclusive, and prerogative use
of yellow clothing and appurtenances. This chief or king is assisted by
four military and four civil ministers, the principal one of whom is
established at Momein, a large town close to the Shan frontier, west ~
of Yunan. There appears to be little departure, in the matter of
administration, from the old form of Chinese Government, except
being more military in its character. Taxation is extremely light,
being restricted, as far as can be understood, to a moderate assessment
on land.
‘“‘ The Panthays are Mahomedans of the Soonee sect, and pride them-
selves on their Arab descent: many of them are able to converse in
Arabic, and their prayers are all in this language. They have
mosques or musjids of the true Moslem type, and are fanatical and strict
in their religious performances ; as far as I have been able to ascertain,
however, there is no trace of any religious zeal, or motive, as the
origin or pretext for the present rising of the Panthays against Chinese
rule. The Chinese are generally tolerant of all religious persuasions,
and unlikely to cause irritation to the Mahomedans by any interfer-
ence with their religion. The Buddhist, wherever found,is untrammel
by conventional dogma, and far less imbued with the odiwm theolo
gicum, or that contemptuous abhorrence of all creeds and customs other
than his own, than is the case with other natives of the east,
1867.] Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 181
whatever creed or denomination. The dress of the Panthays is in
accordance, for the most part, with Chinese habit ; though many of them
cut their hair to a certain length, and allow it to fall back on the nape
of the neck. They also wear, in many instances, a distinctive turban
of more ample form than in use amongst Chinese. They are fair, tall,
and strongly built men: are an interesting race or community of
people: and after twelve years of absolute government in Yunan, it is
not improbable that their future independence is secure.
““ Panthay traders state that, during the past year, an embassy was
received from the Emperor of China, in which the Imperial Government
sued for a cessation of hostilities, and volunteered to cede Yunan to
_ the Panthays, provided they would come to terms, and commit no
further acts of aggression on neighbouring Provinces. The offer it is
said was indignantly refused, and the Embassy was obliged to return to
Pekin, without accomplishing its object.
This, if true, bodes evil to our future intercourse with China through
; Yunan by Railway or otherwise. The trade vid Bamo between China
_ and upper Burma, amounted in 1854 (the year before the Mahomedan
insurrection) to half a million of pounds sterling. No caravans from
Sechuen or other Provinces of China, since the establishment of Ma-
homedan rule, have passed through Yunan ; and trade by this route has
" almost altogether ceased. But with Yunan alone, a large trade was for-
'merly carried on, and it is hoped that the caravan route, at any
rate, may be shortly re-opened. It possesses the unusual advantage
of having been used for centuries as a line of traffic, and has main-
“tained its vitality hitherto among all the disturbing influences of the
flow and ebb of the Chinese and Burmese power, and is a cogent proof
of the necessity for interchange of commodities between the respective
-eountries.
_ “An apparent interminable feud has doubtless arisen between the Man-
| chur dynasty, and the Mahomedan population of China which may, pro-
Dably combined with other numerous causes, ultimately end disas-
| trously to that dynasty. How long it will take for the Chinese Govern-
| n ent to disintegrate and reappear under a new form; what effect such
la change would have on the independent Mahomedan population of the
| Western Provinces; and whether the change will be brought about by
| them, are questions which may probably affect a future generation,
182 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. [Dec.
but are nevertheless full of interest to neighbouring Governments, and
political speculators of the present day.”
On the proposition of the President, the special thanks of the
meeting were voted to Col. Fytche.
Major Lees exhibited a bronze hookah which had been dug up on
his plantation in Cachar, and was very different from anything now
used in the province, while in point of manufacture it is far superior to
any now manufactured there.
He also read a letter from Messrs. Johnson and Drew of Cash-
mere, in which the writers announce the proposed establishment of an
Himalayan Club for collecting, interchanging and publishing scientific
and general information concerning the Himalayan range.
The President undertook to refer the letter to council.
LiprarRy.
The following additions were made to the Juibrary since the last
meeting in November.
*,* The names of Donors in eapitals.
Presentations.
Progress Report of Forest Administration in the Central Provinces,
1866-67.—TuEe GoveRNMENT oF InpIA.
Lia Gurlande Précieuse des demandes et des Réponses Publice en
Sanskrit et en Tileekan et Traduite Pour La Premiere Fois en Fran-
cais by Ph. Ed. Foucaux.—Tue Trangsiator.
Journal Asiatique, Tome [X.-—Tux Asratic Society or Paris.
Professional Papers on Indian Engineering, No. 17.—Tue Eprtor.
Sitzungsberichte der Kéniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissens-
chaften Zu Munchen, 1866 II. Heft IT. IIL. and 1867 I. Heft I~IV.— _
Tue Royat Acapemy or Scrences or Municu. |
Abhandlungen der Mathe—Physikn., classe der Kéniglich Bayeris-
chen Akademie der Wissenschaften Band XXXVII. Abth. 1—Tuz
Rovat Acapemy or Sciences or Municu. q
Abhandlungen der Histor. classe der Kéniglich Bayerischen Aka-
demie der Wissenschaften, Band XXXV. Abth. I]—Tue Royan —
AcapEMy oF Screncrs or Monicu.
On the relations of Tanalia Philopotanus and Paludomus with a
1867. | Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. 183
review of the Cingalese species of the latter genera by H. F. Blanford,
sq. F. G. S.—Tue Avtior. |
Ueber die Branchbarkeit der in verschiedenen europiischen Staaten
verdffentlichten Resultate des Recrutirungs-Geschaftes zur Beur-
theilung des Entwicklungs-und Gesundheits-Zustandes ihrer Bevél-
kerungen von Dr, Th. L. W. Bischoff.—Tue Avruor.
Lataifo-’l-ma’érif auctore Abu Mancur Abdolmalik ibn Mahommed
ibn Isma’il at Tha’alibi quem librum HE Codd. Leyd. et Goth-Edidit
P. De. Joug.—Tue Eprror. |
Zeitschrift der Deutschen morgenlindischen Geselchaft: heraus-
gegeben von den Geschiftsfiihrern, Band XXI, Heft I[].—Prorns.
sor Dr. L. Krenz.
Indische Studien X.—Tux Eprror.
Journal of the Royal Geological Society of Ireland, Vol. I. pt. 3.—
-Tre Society.
Meteorological Report for the Panjaub, 1866.—Tue Government
oF THE Punsavs.
Annual Report on the Administration of the Bengal Presidency
foot 1866-67.—Tun Government or Bune@at.
Report of Native Papers for the week ending the 9th November,
-1867.—Basu Rasenpravata Mirra.
Rahasya Sandarbha, Vol. IV. pt. 43.—Basu Rasenprauata Mirra,
Purchased,
A Treatise on Natural Philosophy by Thomson and Tait, Vol. I.
The Journal of Sacred Literature, October, 1867.
The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, October, 1867.
Revue des Deux Mondes 15th September, 1867.
Revue it Magasin de Zoologie, November, 1867.
Deutsches Worterbuch V—7 Comptes Rendus, Nos, 10, 11, 12.
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