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| FEE -9 | PROCEEDINGS re
OF THE
ASTATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.
EDITED BY
JHE fIONORARY SECRETARIES.
JANUARY TO DECEMBER,
dgentsfeaee
CALCUTTA : PRINTED BY f. Pp. pewis, PAPTIST Mission PRESS.
L872.
CONTENTS.
—_@—
List of Members of the Asiatic Society of Bengal on the 31st
December, 1871, Appendix in February Proceedings, .... 7 I Abstract Statement of Receipts and Disbursements of the
Asiatic Society of Bengal for the year 1871, Appendix in
Mounuary eTOCOCOIIOS,) <r. nc crave! aaiaes'e enthasefenevererecltiets 7 XVI
Proceedings for January, 1872, ...... a aare-a- ae oho fetopeve oe Soonds 1-6 Do. for February, including Annual Renee and Presi-
dent’s Address, ...... wi ehig ose iatei duller: oteha Showene 7-42
Do. for March, PRG io eee shi eve eee se 43-54
Do. for April, igh DAEs. “os cataeet PUNO Veer eb e Ea 55-68
Do. for May, Syl Ob. orig ilellenwieha eearareeeralig Slhears 69-94
Do. for June, sak lie piled Br ote wisi ele) bitdd.c eiteiee 95-116
Do. for July, sagen BliGngl Bie, Oieledel are oes eres ace carere 117-134
Do. for August, itociade seers Tia Fasehuraeans ie ereueiane 135-164
Do. for November, Pee are) Ae eLelaterebeten sakersat eter: 165-190
Do. for December, ee re rene ¢ ers eae ehe at ate sete 191-212
Appendix, ...cccrscvescccssssnsescesecens Sa cOtcue Coe O6 213
GERARD as stetclare chavelec opel ss 6: nie) sive fensvereo sie Soh 6 Gaeta Vee 215
Meteorological Observations for January to Dedsrakes 1872, I to LXXXVI
PPLOLOLOPOPLOLOI_OIOIOIOOOaaaowmaOoaeee
ERRATA.
Page 119, line 5 from below, for Bimlisara, read Bimbisara. Page 120, line 10, for Rohon, read Rohoi.
Page 132, line 17, for 902, read 903.
Page 38, line 19, for a ordinary, read an ordinary.
Page 181, lines 15, 18 and 30, for Ruye, read Rays.
California Academy of Sciences
Presented by_ASiatj Bengal.
Meee Re Ore
California /
http://www.archive.org/details/proceedingsofasi18/2asia
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
foR_ANUARY, 1872.
A meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday the 3rd instant, at 9 o'clock, P. M.
The Hon’ble J. B. Phear, President, in the Chair.
The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.
Presentations were announced—
1. From Dr. C. R. Francis, Dinapore, a box of ‘ petrified seeds,’ from near Rajmahall. The following extract of a letter from Mr. HE. Srzwarr, Extra Assistant Commissioner, Rajmahall, accompanied the donation—
‘In regard to the petrified seeds, they are found on the borders of a tank at Burhait, about thirty miles from Rajmahall in the centre almost of the Rajmahall Hills.
‘The tank is said to be a very ancient one, aus by some former Rajah, and the seeds are found among the soil immediately on its banks; no doubt this soil contains a good deal of lime and other calcareous idpredicitn.
‘The natives suppose that the seeds were dropped by former travellers who used to sit on its banks and eat their rice, dall, &c.; but I am not entirely free from doubt in my own mind as to whether they are seeds at all.’
2. From H. F. Blanford, Esq.—A copy of an English and Tamil Dictionary ; also a copy of an English Telugu and Tamil Vocabulary.
3. From the author—A copy of a Speech on the Metric System, delivered by Mr. Stevenson, M. P., in the House of Commons.
4. From the author—Two copies of ‘The Durga Puja, by Babu Pratapachandra Ghosha, B. A.
2 Asam Coins. [ JAN.
5. From Mr. J. M. Foster, Asim—Three large and three small Asim silver coins.
Basu PRaTA‘PACHANDRA GuHosHa, Assistant Secretary, submitted the following note regarding these coins—
1. A silver rupee, octagonal, of Rajes’vara Sinha. A rupee of the same prince and bearing the same legend is figured in Marsden’s ‘ Nu- mismata Orientalia.” But the date there given is S’ake 1674, correspond- ing to A. D. 1752. This coin, however, bears 1690, z. e., A. D., 1768. It is important as shewing the latest date of the reign of that prince. ‘This prince appears from the coin to have reigned at least for sixteen years. Marsden, however, describes a silver two-anna piece of the same prince, dated 1620, which would extend his reign to fifty years. In this coin also, at the bottom of the obverse area in the margin, is impressed the figure of what appears to be a winged dragon.
2. <A silver eight-anna piece, octagonal of Rajes’vara Sinha, not figured in Marsden.
I. Area—S’ri S’ri Rajes’vara Sinha Nrpasya, of the twice illustrious prince Rajes’vara Sinha.
IL Area—S‘ri 9’ri S‘tvapada Pardyanasya, of the twice illustrious devotee of the feet of S’iva.
This coin bears no date.
3. A silver four-anna piece, octagonal, not figured in Marsden, of the wife of S’iva Sinha.
I. Area—S'ri 8’ri S’iva Sinha Mahipa.
II. Area—Jaya S’ri Madamvikandm, of the twice illustrious king Siva Sinha’s wife, fortunate Amyika. At the bottom the century of the date is preserved 16.
From Marsden we find that S’iva Sinha reigned in 1662, agreeing with 1740, A. D.
4. A silver two-anna piece, octagonal, of Gaurinatha Sinha, not figur- ed in Marsden.
I.—S8’ri S'ri Gaurinatha.
TI.—SinhaNrpasya, of the twice illustrious Gaurinatha Sinha, ruler of men.
It bears no date. Gaurinatha reigned about S’ake 1706, or 1784, A. D.
5. <A silver anna piece, octagonal, of the same prince, not figured in Marsden.
I.—S’ri Gaurinatha.
If.—Sinha Nrpasya.
6. A silver half-anna piece, octagonal, of the same prince not figured in Marsden.
I.—S‘ri Gau—
I].—rinatha Sinha.
a
1872.] Gold Coins from Cheduba Island. 3
The following gentleman duly proposed and seconded at the last meeting was balloted for, and elected an Ordinary Member— W. D. Butcher, Esq., M. D.
The following gentlemen are candidates for ballot at the next meeting—
M. Sashagiri Sastri, B. A., Professor of Sanscrit, Presidency College, Madras, proposed by Babu Rajendralala Mitra, seconded Mr. H. Blochmann.
J. Minto, Esq., Debrogarh, Asim, proposed by L. Schwendler, Esq., seconded by the Hon’ble J. B. Phear.
The following members have intimated their desire to withdraw from the Society—W. Oldham, Esq., LL. D., Ghaziptir; Lieut.-Col. J. J. McLeod
Innes.
The following letter was read—
From Cou. Str A. Prayers, regarding the continuation of his history of the Burmah Race and certain gold coins from the Island of Cheduba.
‘I take the liberty to enclose you a memorandum, regarding some gold coins found on Cheduba, some thirty years ago, as no doubt one of the same find is referred to in the Proceedings of the Society for April last. There were found, I remember hearing at the time at Sandoway, where I then was, some two hundred, and being not far above high water mark it was conjec- tured they had been deposited by some ship-wrecked persons. I collected at different times some 10 or 12 of these from various natives, and sent a portion, six or seven I think, to the Society for inspection. Unfortunately they were all stolen along with the whole Society’s collection. I had two which T sent home, and only came across them last year. I showed them to Sir W. Elliot with the result I have mentioned in the enclosed memorandum. It is possible that some of the original coins may still be found among the villagers of Cheduba. It would be curious to see if any of them have a device other than the boar, which of course is the incarnation of Vishnu.
‘With reference to what is stated as to the com having been struck in the reign of Maha Paramat, I would observe that the era of the Buddhist religion commences from the attainment of Nirvana by Gautama, say 543, B. C; the common era from 538, or rather 589, A. D.
‘I have been unable to continue my paper on the history of the Burma Race, as some of my Burmese MSS. are missing. I hope, however, to recover them. In the meantime, I am preparing a paper on the history of Pegu, which if acceptable for the Journal, I will send hereafter.’
Memorandun.
‘In the Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal for April, 1871, there is a notice of a gold coin received from the Island of Cheduba, and presented by Colonel Hamilton. From the account, it is probable that the coin is one of a large number discovered on Cheduba some thirty years ago. Some of them
A Communications and Additions to the Library. [J Aan.
were figured and described by Captain T. Latter in the Journal for 1846. Coins of a similar type have, however, been described by Sir Walter Elliot in a paper which he published in the Madras Journal of Literature and Science. He describes them as coins of the Chalukya Princes, of whom the Eastern line reigned at Raéjamandri, and the Western at Kalyan. The central figure on the coins described by Captain Latter was a boar, a device which the Chalukya princes stamped on their coms throughout a long period of time. Around the central figure were other objects, a ch’hatra, and other regalia. The letters, Sir Walter Elliot decides, are old Telugu characters. I have lately shown to Sir Walter two coms of those originally found on Cheduba. He has not yet deciphered the characters, but thinks they are undoubtedly old Telugu, and that the coins belong probably to the fifth century of the Christian era.’ ,
The following papers were read—
TRANSLATIONS FROM THE TARIKH I FrRUZSHAHI. Ziduddin’s Preface. —By E. C. Barytey, Esq., C. 8S. 6. 8. FE
The Reign of Mwizzuddin.— By P. Wuattey, Esq., C. S.
These papers will be printed in the Journal for 1871 and 1872.
The receipt of the following communications was announced—
1. The Swans of India —By W. Brooks, Esg., CO. 8., Eva’wan.
2. Ona New Species of Phyllopneuste— By W. Brooks, Esq, C. E., Eira’ wad.
3. Third List of Birds obtained in the Khasi and Garo Hills, with some corrections, Jc., to the former lists —By Mason H. H. Gopwry-AvstEn.
LIpRaRry.
The following additions have been made to the library since the meeting
held in December 1871. Presentations. ** Names of Donors in Capitals.
The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Vol. XXVIL,
‘Part I1I.—Tue Lrynean Soctery. - Abhandlungen der K6niglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Ber-
lin, 1870.—Koniten. AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN ZU BERLIN.
Monatsbericht der K. Pr. Akademie der Wissenschaften, August, 1871.— K, Pr. AKADEMIE, BERL.
Bijdragen tot de Taal landen Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch Indie, Vol. V, 2nd and 38rd*stuk.—VoLKENKUNDE VAN NEDERLANDSCH INDIE.
Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie, Dl XXXI. Affe- vering 4—6,—NATUURKUNDIGE VEREENIGING IN NEDERLANDSCH INDIE.
Jahrbuch, Band XXI. No. 2—K. K. GroLocgiscHe REICHSANSTALT.
R
1872. | Additions to the Library. 5
Annales de la Société Impériale d’Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle, et Arts utiles de Lyon, 4 série, Tome I.—Soctmre ImpEertaLe D AGRICULTURE, HistorrE NATURELLE ET ARTS UTILES DE Lyon.
Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, 1871, September, October.— SOCIETE DE LA GEOGRAPHIE, Parts.
Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, Part IT. Vol. I1.—Tne Royat Soctery or Vicrorta.
T'wo Copies of ‘'The Durga Puja,’ with Notes and Illustrations, by Babu Pratapachandra Ghosha, B. A.—Tur AuTHoR.
Scripture Truth in Oriental Dress, by Rev. J. Long.—Tue Aurnor.
On the Constitution of the Solid Crust of the Earth, by Archdeacon J. H. Pratt, M. A., F. R. S—Tuwe Avruor.
The Ramayana, Vol. II. No. 12, edited by Hemchandra.—Tue Eprror.
The Christian Spectator, January, 1872.—Tue Eprror.
The Calcutta Journal of Medicine, October, 1871.—Tue Enprror.
Professional Papers on Indian Engineering, 2nd series, Vol. I. No. 2. —TueE Eprror.
A Pocket Dictionary of English and Tamil, by Capt. J. Ouchterlony.— H. F. Branrorp, Esa.
A Polyglot Vocabulary of the English, Teloogoo and Tamil languages.— H. F. Bruanrorp, Esq.
A Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit, Pali, and Singalese Literary Works of Ceylon, by J. D’Alwis, M. R. A.S., Vol. 1—THer Government oF Inpra, Home DEPARTMENT.
The Annals of Indian Administration, Vol. XIV. Part II., Vol. XV. Part I.—THE GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL.
Indian Museum, Minutes of the Trustees, April 1870, to March 1871.— THE GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL.
Report on the Administration of the Income Tax in the Lower Pro- vinces, 1869-70.—THE GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL.
Report on the Administration of the Registration Department of Bengal, 1870-71, by H. Beverley, Esq.—THE GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL.
Annual Report on the Insane Asylums in Bengal, 1870, by J. C. Brown, M. D.—THE GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL.
A Narrative of the Drought and Famine which prevailed in the North- - Western Provinces, during the years 1868, 1869, and beginning of 1870, com- piled by F. Henvey, Esq.—THE GovERNMENT, Nortu-WeEst. PROVINCES.
Selections from the Records of Government, North-Western Provinces, Vol. V. No. 2, Vol. VI. No. 1, Second Series—TuEr GOVERNMENT, NortH- West. PROVINCES.
Hachange.
The Atheneum, August, September, October, 1871—Nature, Nos. 93
to 109.
6 Additions to the Library. [ Jan.
Purchase.
The Wheel of the Law illustrative of Buddhism by H. Alabaster.— TIkhwanus Safa, translated by J. Dowson.—A Catena of Buddhist Scrip- tures from the Chinese, by S. Beal—Kusa Jatakaya, a Buddhistie Le- gend, with other stories, by T. Stule-——Maha-Vira-Charita, by J. Pickford, M. A.—The Quarterly Review, No. 262, October 1871.—Edinburgh Review, No. 274, October, 1871.—The Ibis, Vol. I. No. 4.—Comptes Rendus, Nos. 15, 16.—Revue des Deux Mondes, 15th October, Ist November, 1871.—The L. E. D. Philosophie Magazine, No. 281, November, 1871.—Revue Archeo- logique, October, 1871.—Revue Linguistique, Tome Quatriéme, 2e Fase.— Exotic Butterflies, by W. C. Hewitson, Pt. 80, 1871.—Conchologia Iconica, by L. Reeves, Pts. 288, 289.—The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, No. 47, 1871.
eee 8 0 eee
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
fOR_FEBRUARY, 1872.
The Annual Meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday, the 2nd of February, 1872, at 9 o’clock P. M.
The Hon’ble J. B. Phear, President, in the chair.
According to the bye-laws of the Society, the President ordered voting papers to be distributed for the election of Officers and Members of Council for 1872, and appointed Messrs. E. Gay and H. Blanford scrutineers.
While the eleetions were being made, the President called upon the Secretary to read the Annual Report.
PNNUAL JREPORT FOR_ 1871.
In presenting the Annual Report for 1871, the Council have again the satisfaction of congratulating the Society on its continued prosperity and usefulness, as indicated by the accession of new members, and the number and value of its publications in the Journal and the Bibliotheca Indica.
At the close of last year, the number of Ordinary Members was 446, of which 286 were paying members, 160 being absent in Europe. Of the 286 paying members, there were 112 Resident and 174 Non-resident members.
The number of Ordinary Members elected in 1871 was 57, whilst the Society sustained a loss of 25 members, viz., 2 by death, and 17 by resigna- tion and departure for Europe ; 5 were removed from the list of members for non-compliance with the bye-laws, and 1 election was cancelled.
The number of paying members for last year was greater by 20, and the number of elections greater by 29, than in 1870. The following table exhi- bits the number of paying and absent members for the last 10 years.
§ Annual Report. [F rs.
Year. Paying Members. Absent, do. Total. Resident. Non-resident. 1862 229 (104, 125) 82 311 1863 276 (130, 146) 79 355 1864 228 (183, 195) 92 320 1865 267 (186, 131) 109 376 1866 293 (124, 169) 94 387 1867 307 (154, 153) 109 416 1868 294 (159, 135) 133 427 1869 304 (162, 142) 138 442 1870 266 (134, 132) 148 4.14: 1871 286 (112, 174) 160 446
There was one election of an Honorary Member, Mr. C. Darwin having been elected in June last. There was no change in the list of Associate Members.
The Council regret to announce the death of two of their most distin- guished Ordinary Members, the Hon’ble J. P. Norman, and the Venerable Archdeacon J. H. Pratt, the latter of whom had been a member since 1839. The Society also lost two of its Honorary Members, Sir J. F. W. Herschel, F..8.S., and Col. Sr Fo Y, Cautley, K. CU: BPR. &.
Museum.
The Council have continued to carry out the provisions of Act XVII of 1866, and have transferred all Natural Historical and Archeological dona- tions received by them during 1871 to the Trustees of the Indian Museum. A list of these donations will be found in the Appendix to the Proceedings for 1871.
Trustees, on the part of the Society, were, during last year, the President, Mr. W.S. Atkinson, Mr. H. F. Blanford, and Dr. F. Stoliczka.
The Council have much pleasure in observing the present progress of the new Museum building.
The want of sufficient accommodation for the increasing library and publications of the Society, the absence of a reading room, and the crowded state of the Society’s Meeting Hall, have for the last six years been felt to be serious obstacles to the usefulness of the Society and the convenience of its members. The Government, however, found means to set aside in last year’s budget a most liberal sum for the immediate completion of the new building, and the Council with every satisfaction look forward towards the speedy removal of the temporary inconvenience to which the Society is at present subject. This, however, is still so great, and the loss to the Society so considera- ble, that the Council have felt it their duty, in the interests of the Society, to apply to Government for a grant of money at the rate of Rs. 400 a month
as
1872. | Annual Report. | 9
(the value at which the house is at present assessed) for the time which may elapse till the completion of the new building. The matter is still under consideration with the Supreme Government, and the Council have reason to hope that the application may be successful.
- Finance.
The contributions of members in subscriptions and entrance fees for 1871 amount to Rs. 8,516,7-0, against Rs. 9,676-10, in 1870. There has been a considerable falling off in the regularity of payments, the amount due from members to the end of last year being Rs. 5,300.
Though three-fifths of this sum will, it is hoped, be in a short time collected, the Council would take this opportunity to urge on the members the necessity of punctuality in payments. As the Society entirely depends on the voluntary contributions of its members, it is of the greatest impor- tance that these contributions should be promptly available.
The following table exhibits an abstract of the accounts for 1871.
AcTUAL INCOME DURING 1871.
Su bseripiiomns 4: sn: Se sacl exilek Ap odes 3a sel Rs. 7,044 7 O A. GWOISRIOM, FEOS oh eh ect danciwnaiek amasid indo od Sak Yor 1472 0 O IE Aa MONS, 504.0 Teg ot ae «A ee dae een L729 68, 138 Bsa yal 98 8B oe Sacer Mtn ean n onan sed a7 l)7 Be Reeetarys OMe Sor eee eee 32 7 10 ephedra dios 9s. cai bas Boeenvabcki 108 14 O SIREN Pee ce | OSU Ct Be Oa A= aD MED eS Seed See 709 10 6
Rs. 11,468 2 10 Col. Dalton’s Ethnology of Bengal, ...... Rs. 10,000 O O Conservation of Sanskrit MSS., .................. 3,144 1 O dd SAS TLS aes ae A OE a 656 3 6 In the Bank ef Bengal, 1870). 2.28 ics s ot cees 5405 “LO
Total Rise... 2 30,671 3. 4&
EXPENDITURE DURING 1871.
Binh wea Glows eden oh he: oi dna bac dbae cea kia Rss>.0,2/oy14e dD Se tg ey, PRI ssa: Na Guten eee ss 2,040 14 9 Becketaby seOmeds) ieeraiaee tapi Peete es Sid a 2,918 10), 2 Westeus endl 82-2808 nse hes odes cewek sane O 4 4 aun ers tiger Gd, a ata dee wed See tot cL Spas SY age 3 ee
Oo
Carried forward, Rs. 11,610 15
10 Annual Report. [FEs.
Brought forward, Rs. 11,610 15 3
Col. Dalton’s Ethnology of Bengal, ............... 7,500 O : Conservation of Sanserut: MSSicies webs. eee ae ZORA dedh
(Q, He Waa ones sso Sete: coh. Dae inti A :
Misecllanemis,. favo eee thes dob eros 622 2 9
29,019 13 7
Insthe Banke of Benoa, |. 7. dices nanceqeSeautes es 8,434 12 6
PST TREN cS Rea eet: ORS SG See AOMIUE Ae hs er AE 216 14 3
‘Potal, Rs... .-... 30,671 8 4
From this statement it will be seen that the balance in the Bank of Ben- gal and the cash in hand amounted, in the end of 1871, to Rs. 8,651-10-9. To this is to be added Rs. 2000, held by the Society in Government Securi- ties, making a grand total of Rs. 10,651-10-9. Subtracting from this sum Rs. 2500 on account of Col. Dalton’s Ethnology; Rs. 898, the balance of the sum received from Dr. J. Muir; and Rs. 2849, the balance of the sum received from the Government of India on account of cataloguing Sanscrit MSS., 7. e., alto- gether Rs. 6247, held by the Society in trust, a sum of Rs. 4,404-10-9 will be left as the clear credit of the Society at the end of 1871.
The expenditure for 1871 has been kept within the estimate, but has ex- ceeded the estimated Income by Rs. 878-8-10, as will be seen from the following table—
INCOME. EXPENDITURE. Estimate. Actual. Estimate. Actual.
Subscriptions, .....sce08.. | 8,500 0 0] 7,044 7 O i 0 0 0 Admission. fe@8,... 5. seceeesti ss 900. 0.0} 1,472 0 0 0 0 0 0 Os Publications,j2.:cfssehe.001>---..| 1,500 0 QO} 1,729 8 3 5,000), O10 q5.273 1416 WuibPaTny, Aca 0c-s aasgegeeteeees. 600 0 O 371 3° 3] 2,600 O O| 2,540 14 9 Coin Fund,. ples ae ERE >:0.. 0 0 O50 100 O O 0 0 0 Secretary’s Office, . ase: 0. 2-0 32 710] 2,800 0 0 2,918 10 2 Miscellamepus, cainse.<csacs----| 2,000 0.0) FOS 10 G6) 1,000 0 @ “G22-s2ige “Buildinae spec suas sy ttae en enee ie: OMG 0 0.0 (O)} 120007 507 0 877 3 32
12,500 O 0/11,359 4 10//12,500 0 0)12,23213 8
The following is the estimated income and expenditure of the Society for 1872. EstrmatTep INCOME. Subscetpuiamey eS eee Se Rs. 8,500 0 O Admissia tices. 7:50: See et een ee 1,000 0 O
Carried forward, Rs. 9,500 O O
1872. | Annual Report. Ef
Brought forward, Rs. 9,500 O O Phbhestionsy. ccd. Adages. SAR 1,500 0 O Evordiys, Ling. iaed des ei. 2 ABs. (eae 250 0 O Sudvbed sy ha sete cat SSseesdooliggiey cA. 800 0 O Coin Fund, Secretary’s Office, Building, ... 0 0 0
MOU Fees sauce 12,050 0 O.
EstIMATED EXPENDITURE.
DNC ONS sek to a cog iba Neale Rs. 5,000 O O 1 |e wae Sie RARUE St eae any emer im 2, LO. 0 10 CRG UA I ie OCS. 1 Senn ay sy ya de goes ish 3,000 0 O SMMOUNES SS atic Tacit s.ncorruvmet Se sake: garalecs 800, 0 O j OUUENG TiTCes Nie es SAR RAE ARE a et rea are ae Re 1,000 0 O COTTAM 18 0 Fanaa eR 5. «LS. A pe RA 100 O O Subscriptions, Admission fees, ............... 0 00
Total Rs.,......12,050 O O
Library.
The Library received, in 1871, an addition of 837 volumes or parts of volumes. A considerable number are due to the liberality of the Government of India, the Governments of the several provinces, authors of works, and the following members of the Society—Messrs. J. Wood-Mason, J. 'T. Wheeler, G. Latham, A. M. Broadley, H. Blochmann, H. F. Blanford; Drs. G. W. Leitner, J. H. T. Aitchison, J. Anderson; Rev. J. Long, Rev. C. H. Dall, Prof. Weber ; Babus Rajendralala Mitra, Pratapachandra Ghosha, Dhanpati Singh Rai Bahadur, Thakur Giri Prasad ; and the late Venerable Archdeacon Pratt.
Other books were obtained by purchase on the recommendation of the Library Committee, or in exchange for the publications of the Society. Detailed lists of the additions have been published in the Monthly Pro- ceedings.
The collection of MSS. of the Society have also received valuable additions. There were 110 Sanskrit and 8 Persian MSS. purchased or copied. A separate list of the former is about to be issued. The old MSS. of the Society have again been revised, and such MSS. as were wholly or partly damaged, from the corrosive effects of bad ink used in their transcrip- tion, have been replaced by new copies.
The Catalogue of the Sanscrit MSS. mentioned in last year’s report has made considerable progress.
The Photographic Album of the Society has received several excellent additions from the Government of India, especially the large set of photo- graphs of Bihar antiquities detailed in December’s Proceedings.
12 Annual Report. [ Fes.
The inadequate space now available for the library, has during last year also prevented the new Library Catalogue from bemg completed. The Council regret the continuance of this evil, and will endeavour, on the removal of the Natural History collections, to place at an early opportunity a revised edition of the Catalogue in the hands of the members.
Coin Cabinet.
There have been several additions of minor importance to the Society’s collection of coins. No expenditure was incurred in buying coins, the addi- tion being entirely donations from members, viz., 8 Nepal coins from Rev. C. H. Dall; 2 silver and 6 copper coins dug up at Kanauj from M. L. Ferrar, Esq., C. S8.; a large round gold coin from Colonel T. C. Hamilton ; 5 silver coins from Dr. Newman.
Journal.
There were issued, in 1871, twelve numbers of the Society’s Proceedings, 342 pages, with four plates, giving an excellent summary of the labours of the Society. The Meteorological Observations, which were formerly issued quarterly with the fasciculi of Part II. of the Journal, have been transferred to the Proceedings ; 98 pages were issued during last year.
Of Part I of the Journal two numbers have appeared, the third with several plates and index is about to be issued. The three numbers will contain nearly 300 pages. Of Part II, four numbers with index have been issued, the whole containing 489 pages and 28 plates. The numbers of the second part were issued quarterly. Contributions to Part I are, from the nature of the subject matter, less easily obtainable, and the issue of the numbers cannot always be satisfactorily regulated.
The Council are confident that, in point of interest and variety of subjects, the volume for 1871, extending as it does over 1,200 pages, will take its place among the best issued by the Society. The plates have greatly improved. The value of the contributions, issued as they are in two dis- tinct volumes, is best attested by the numerous applications for extra num- bers, the sale of which during 1871 amounted to Rs. 1,730.
The Council have also resolved to issue the next volume in a slightly ' enlarged form, and have made arrangements with the printers for a new fount of types, which it is hoped will meet the wishes of the members.
Bibliotheca Indica.
The series was first started in 1848, and from that date to the close of the last year no less than 472 fasciculi, comprising portions of 86 oriental works of great importance, have been published. The original scheme contemplated the publication of texts accompanied with English translations, under the superintendence of a single editor. This was, however, found impracticable, as the restrictions operated unfavourably, and translations could
1872. | Annual Report. 13
not be got up with sufficient rapidity. It was felt also that in many cases years must be spent before a perfectly satisfactory translation could be finished Accordingly in 1851, it-was resolved, that “ whilst it was of the highest importance that translations should be made in India, it was not expedient to limit the publication of volumes in the Bibliotheca Indica to works which the editor may be prepared at once to translate.” The principle of getting works of various kinds printed under the editorship of one person, was likewise abandoned ; and oriental scholars, both in and out of India, were invited to contribute to the series. These changes were attended by the most satisfactory results. The invitation of the Society was readily respond- ed to, and several gentlemen of distinguished oriental acquirements under- took to edit works to which they had paid particular attention, and were especially fitted to do them justice.
Of the 86 works which have been undertaken from time to time, 61 are Sanskrit, 10 Arabic, 14 Persian, and 1 Pali; eighteen of these being trans- lations into English. Sixty-four of these have already been completed ; and twenty-two are in progress. ‘They have been selected, in most instances, at the recommendation of distinguished European orientalists, such as Pro- fessors Max Miller, Weber, Kuhn, and others ; and careful attention has been paid in every instance to secure old and the most approved MSS. for colla- tion, so as to render the publications of the Society in every way worthy of the patronage of the Government under which they are issued, and indis- pensable appendages to every oriental library of any pretension.
That the works have been, generally speaking, carefully edited, the Council have every reason to be satisfied ; the names of the editors employed, it is be- heved, will afford ample guarantee on that point. Among them the Council have great pleasure in noticing particularly those of the late Drs. Roer and Bal- lantyne, Professor Von Kremer of Alexandria, Drs. Sprenger and Hall, Professor Cowell, Col. Lees, Mr. Blochmann, Professor Mahes’achandra Nydyaratna, and Babu Rajendralila Mitra, as the services they have rendered to the series, entitle them to the most cordial acknowledgments of the Society.
The late Hon’ble Court of Directors, when sanctioning the oriental grant, drew the attention of the Society particularly to the Vedas, as they constitute the most ancient religious records of the Hindus ; and the Council are glad to notice that of the different works that have been published, or are now in course of publication, twenty-two are portions of those scriptures. When the series was first started, the Sanhita of the Rig Veda was selected as the oldest and most important among them ; but after the publication of four fasciculi, information was received that Drs. Wilson and Max Miiller were en- gaged in bringing out a complete edition of that work, together with a trans- lation, under the auspices of the Court of Directors, and it became necessary to discontinue the Calcutta edition. The Black Yajur Veda was, thereupon,
14 Annual Report. » [Fus.
selected, and no less than fifty-eight fasciculi of it have already been pub- lished.
The Sahhita portion of that work was undertaken by Dr. Roer, but, owing to his departure from India on the completion of the first volume, it had to be made over to Professor Cowell, who completed the second volume. The third has just been brought to a conclusion by Professor Mahes ‘achandra Nyayaratna.. The Council have every reason to be satisfied that the work is being carried on with great care and diligence.
The Brahmana portion of the work, including the Aranyaka, was made over to Babu Rajendraléla Mitra ; and he has already published 34 fasciculi, and two more will, it is expected, complete his labours. The work comprises the most ancient liturgy of the Hindus, and is in importance second to none in the whole range of Sanskrit literature.
Of the third, or the Sima Veda, the text and translation of the Archika had been published in Kurope, and the Society therefore selected the Zundya Brahmana, which is the largest and most comprehensive of the Brahmanas of that Veda. Sixteen fasciculi of this work have been issued, and only four remain to complete it. A complete edition of the Safhitas with the com- mentary of Sayana and the musical notes of the text, has likewise been undertaken, and the three fasciculi which have been issued reflect much eredit on the learned editor, Pandit Satyavrata Samas ‘rami.
The Sathita of the fourth Veda having been published in Europe, the Society, in 1869, took in hand, at the suggestion of Professor Kuhn and Mr. Whitley Stokes, the only Brahmana extant of that Veda.* Although no commentary was accessible, the editor, Pandit Harachandra Vidyabhu- shana, had several old and excellent MSS., and it was expected that, with their aid and his own thorough knowledge of the subject, he would be able to do full justice to the work. Unfortunately his death, which took place immediately after the publication of the first fasciculus, for a time put a stop to the progress of this publication ; but its printing has lately been resumed under the editorship of Babu Rajendralala Mitra.
Of the Upanishads, or the theological portions of the Vedas, fifteen of the most important treatises have already been published. English translations of * ten of them by Dr. Roer, of two others by Professor Cowell, and of another by Babu Rajendralala Mitra, have likewise been issued ; and the Council have the pleasure to announce that most of the works are already out of print.
Next to the Vedas, the Vedafgas, or the sciences subsidiary to them, claim the greatest attention. These include phonology, grammar, prosody, glossary, rituals, and astronomy; the most important being the rituals or Sutras. They form a sort of exegesis of the rituals of the Vedas, and it is impossible to understand the purport of the Vedic mantras, and the most
* Gopatha Brahmana.
1872.] ° Annual Report. 15
ancient laws, customs and domestic rites of the Hindus without a careful study of those works ; and the attention of the Philological Committee was, therefore, early directed to collect materials for their publication. The dif- ficulty of obtaining old and correct MSS., has, however, prevented them from undertaking more than four works* of that class, two of which have been completed.
On the Vedic Prosody the leading work is the Chhandas Sitra of Pingala ; and of this, one fasciculus has lately been published, and the con- cluding portion is in a forward state.
Each Veda has its own separate system of phonology, or Pratisakhya, and the Society, in 1854, resolved to print the- treatise of that class which bore upon the Black Yajur Veda. The task was confided to Babu Rajendra- lala Mitra who had undertaken to edit the Brahmana of that Veda; but the Brahmana itself having completely engrossed his leisure for many years, it could not be taken in hand until two years ago, when Mr, Whitney had published the first ten chapters of the work together with an English translation, in the Journal of the American Oriental Society. The bulk of that edition, how- ever, being printed in the Roman character and its being otherwise imperfect, as the examples are generally omitted, or mutilated, the necessity for a com- plete edition in the Devanagari character was not superseded, and the Council, therefore, did not think it proper to put a stop to the Society’s edition. To the whole body of Indian readers, a large and daily increasing class, romanised editions of Sanskrit works are useless, and it is believed that the Society’s edition will be most welcome to many to whom the American edition will never be accessible.
Of the six leading philosophical schools of the Hindus, the original text books of five have been published. The Sdikhya is represented by the Aphorisms of Kapila with an English translation, published by the late Dr. Ballantyne ; the Vedanta, by a compiete edition of the Stittras of Vydésa with the commentry of S/afkara and the gloss of Anandagiri; the Nydya, by the Aphorisms of Gotama with the commentary of Vatsayana; the Vais’eshika, by the Aphorisms of Kanada with the commentary of 8 ‘afikara Mis’ra; and the Mimansa, by the Aphorisms of Jaimani with the commentary of S/avara Svami. The text of the sixth school, the Yoga, has been carefully collated, and a few pages have already been printed. On the completion of this work, the texts of all the six schools will be rendered easily accessible to scholars.
The peculiar form of the Vedanta doctrine which rejects the gnostic theory that knowledge is the one thing needful, and contends that knowledge is only
* Xs/valayana S’rauta Sitra (completed.) Ditto Grihya do. (do.) Latyéyana Kalpa Sitra. Gobhiliya Grihya Sutra.
16 — - Annual Report. ” [FEs.
the handmaid of faith, z. e., the doctrine of Bhaktimarga, is represented by two works, the Aphorisms of S‘andilya, edited by Dr. Ballantyne, and the Chaitanya Chandrodaya Nataka, edited by Babu Rajendralala Mitra.
On the minor systems of philosophy two works have been published, the polemical disquisitions of S ‘afkara, the S‘aiikaradiqvijaya, and the sum- mary of Madhavacharya, the Sarvadarsana Sangraha.
Next to the Vedas andthe Darsanas, the most important branch of Sanskrit literature is represented by the Purdnas. They form a distinct class, and have of late entirely superseded the religion of the Vedas. The attention of the Philological Committee was early turned to them, and three works were undertaken at different times, two of them the Markandeya Purana and the Naradapaucharatra, edited by the Rev. K. M. Banerji, have been completed, and a third, the Agni Purana, is now in course of pub- lication.
No work on Hindu law (Smriti) was undertaken until last year, when the digest of Hemadri, King of Deogarh, the Chaturvarga Chintdmani, probably the work of the grammarian Vopadeva, was brought to notice. The parts, however, which have been published of it refer to déna or gift, which are not likely to interest European readers so much as those relating to judicature and inheritance. It is expected, however, that the other parts will soon be sent to press.
The most important branch of Hindu science is astronomy, and on that subject three works have been published in the Bibliotheca Indica. These are the Vrihat Sanhita of Varaha Mihira, the Surya Siddhanta, and the Siddhanta S’iromani of Bhaskara Acharya. English translations of the last two by Bapu Deva S’astri were edited by the late Venerable Archdeacon Pratt. They were eagerly sought by scholars, and are now out of print.
Of Sanskrit Rhetoric, the series includes the Dasarupa, edited by Dr. Hall, the Kévyddarsa of Dandin, edited by the late Professor Premachand Vidyavagis’4, and the Sahitya Darpana, edited by Dr. Réer. A translation of the last was undertaken by the late Dr. Ballantyne, and on his departure from India, taken up by Babu Pramadadisa Mitra. One fasciculus remains to be
printed to complete this work. ‘Allusion may likewise be made here to the Society’s editions of the life of Sakya,* the political maxims of Chanakya, the minister of Chandragupta, compiled by his disciple Kamandaki,t the Vasavadattd,{ which is reckoned to be the best prose romance in the Sanskrit language, and the second part of the great epic of Srihars’a, the Vaishada,—all standard works of the different classes to which they belong, without a knowledge of which no oriental
* Lalita Vistara. Edited by Babu Rajendralala Mitra. + Kamandaktya Nitis’ara, by do. { Hdited by Dr, Fitz-Edward Hall.
Oo JA &
1872.]* Annual Report. 17
scholar can come to an understanding of the nature and character of the Hindu classics, or deduce a history of the manners, customs, and the social and religious life of ancient India.
It is not to be expected that ancient Sanskrit texts, whether accompanied by translations or not, will meet with any extensive sale ; the Council have nevertheless the satisfaction to notice that sixteen out of the forty-five works completed, are out of print, and fresh editions are in demand.
Turning from the Sanskrit to the Persian series of the Bibliotheca, it will be found that the works published in it are in some respects even more important than the former. They embrace a large body of the most authen- tic chronicles accessible regarding the rise and progress of the Muhammadan power in India—the works of contemporary writers—which cannot fail to afford most valuable materials for a correct and detailed history of this country for over six hundred. years. One of the works was prepared for the press by the late Mr. Morley of London, and the others have been printed by Maulavi Sayyid Ahmad of ’Aligarh, several Maulavis of the Caleutta Madrasah under the superintendence of Col. Lees, and by Mr. Blochmann.
Among the works now on hand, the new edition of the A¢n i Akbari and its translation deserve especial mention.
_ An impression seems to be abroad that the bulk of the oriental grant is devoted to the publication of Sanskrit works, and adequate encouragement is not held out to Semitic literature. This, however, the Council are glad to observe, is not the case. Since 1851, 233 fasciculi of Sanskrit works have been published at a cost of Rs. 78,000, and 191 fasciculi of Persian and Arabic works at Rs. 67,000, shewing a difference of only 11,000 Rs. in favour of Sanskrit. This is, however, accounted for by the special grant of Rs. 3,000 per annum sanctioned for Sanskrit works since the middle of 1868.
The total sum devoted to the prmting and publication of translations amounts to Rs. 7,625, of which a little over 8000 Rs. are due to translations from the Persian and Arabic.
The publications of the past year include twenty-seven fasciculi, wz. 8 Persian, 1 Arabic, 17 Sanskrit, and 1 English translation from the Persian.
In the Persian series, Mr. Blochmann has issued one fasciculus of the text of the Ain i Akbari (XIII), and one of its translation; Maulavi Agha Ahmad ’Ali has brought out parts III, [IV and V of the Maasir i’ Alamgiri, and Maulavi Zulfaqar ’Ali, four fasciculi of the Farhang i Rashidi (II—V).
Arabic is represented by the tenth part of Vol. IV of the Biogra- phical Dictionary of Persons who knew Muhammad, edited by Maulavi "Abdul Hai.
The following are the names of the Sanskrit works issued during the year—
Tandya Mahdbréhmana, with the commentary of Sayana Acharya,
18 Annual Report. [Frs.
edited by Anandachandra Vedantavagis’a, Nos. 219, 221, 225, fase. XIV, XV, and XVI.
The Taittiriya Aranyaka of the Black Yajur Veda, with the commen- tary of Sayana Acharya, edited by Rajendralala Mitra, No. 226, Fasc. X.
The Miméafisé Darsana, with the commentary of S’avara Svami, edited by Pandit Mahes’achandra Nyayaratna, No. 240, Fase. XI.
The Nrisifha Tapani, with the commentary of S/aiikara Acharaya, edited by Ramamaya Tarkaratna ; Nos. 228, 238, Fasc. II and III.
The Sama Veda Safhita with the commentary of Séyana Acharya, edited by Satyavrata Samas’rami ; Nos. 218, 224, 235, Fase. I—ITT.
The Chaturvarga-chintamani by Hemadri, edited by Professor Bharata- chandra S ‘romani; Nos. 229, 237, 242, Fase. I—III.
The Gobhiliya Grihya Sttra with a commentary by the Editor, edited by Pandit Chandrakénta Tarkalankara ; Nos. 22, and 241, Fasc. I and II.
The Chhandas Stitra of Pifgala Achréya, with the commentary of Halayudha, edited by Pandit Vis ‘vanatha 8 astri, No. 230, Fase. I.
The Taittiriya Pratisikhya, with the commentary entitled the Tri- bhashyaratna, edited by Babu Rajendralala Mitra, No. 234, Fasc. I.
Conservation, of Sanskrit MSS.
A full report on the operations of Babu Rajendralala Mitra for the collection of information regarding Sanskrit MSS. in private libraries, has been published in the Proceedings for December last. The enquiry has hitherto proved successful ; lists of a great number of little known MSS. have been collected, and these are being arranged and translated for publication.
The plan originally adopted for the printing of the materials so collected did not meet with the approval of Government, and the correspondence which thereupon ensued, caused considerable delay in the publication of the ‘Notices’ compiled by the Babu. The first volume has, however, been completed, with a classified appendix as suggested by Government, and the first part of volume IT, is now ready for issue.
Officers.
The duties of the Secretary have, as in the previous year, been carried on by Dr. F. Stoliczka and Mr. H. Blochmann, who jointly edited the ‘ Proceedings and the Journal.
Col. H. Hyde performed the duties of Financial Secretary and Treasurer till August last, when, on his departure for England, Col. J. F. Tennant succeeded him.
The Council have much pleasure to record their satisfaction with the good services of the Assistant Secretary, Babu Pratapachandra Ghosha, B. A; they also favourably report on the work done by Babu Manilal Baisak, Assistant Librarian, Sayyid Waliullah, Storekeeper, and Buddinath Baisak, Cashier,
1872.] Annual Report. , 19
List of Societies and other Institutions with which exchanges of publi- cations have been made during 1871. Batavia :—Société des Sciences des Inderlandes. Berlin :—Royal Academy. Bombay :—Royal Asiatic Society. Boston :—Natural History Society. Bordeaux :—Bordeaux Academy. Buenos Ayres :—Public Museum.. Bruxelles :—Académie Royale des Sciences, &c., de Belgique. Cherbourg :—Societé Impériale des Sciences Naturelles. Calcutta :—Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India. — :—Tattvavodhini Sabha. —:—Geological Survey of India. Christiania :— University. Dacca :—Dacca News and Planters’ Journal. Dera :—Great Trigonometrical Survey. Dublin :—Royal Irish Academy.
:—Natural History Society.
Edinburgh :—Royal Society. Lahore :—Agricultural Society of the Panjab. Leipzig :—Deutsche Morgenlindische Gesellschaft. Liege :—Societé Royale des Sciences. ~ London :—Royal Society. :—Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. :—Royal Institution. :—Royal Geographical Society. :—Museum of Practical Geology. :—Zoological Society. :—Statistical Society. :—Geological Society. :—Linnean Society. :—Athenzeum. :—Anthropological Society. :-—Nature. :—Royal Astronomical Society. Lyon :—Agricultural Society. Moscow :—Société des Naturalistes. Munich :—Royal Academy. Madras :—Government Central Museum. Manchester :—Literary and Philosophical Society. New York :—Commissioners of the Department of Agriculture. Netherlands :—Royal Society.
ETT
20 Annual Report. | Fes.
Paris :—Ethnographical Society.
- :—Geographical Society.
——- :—Asiatic Society.
St. Petersburg :—Imperial Academy of Sciences. Stockholm :—Royal Academy of Sciences. Vienna :—Imperial Academy of Science. :—Anthropological Society. :—Zoological and Botanical Society. :—Imperial Geological Institute. Washington :—Smithsonian Institution.
On the motion of the President, the Report was unanimously adopted. The scrutineers then announced the elections of Officers and Members of Council for 1872, as follows :— T. Oldham, Esq., L. L. D., President. The Hon’ble J. B. Phear. Baba Rajendraléla Mitra. K. C. Bayley, Esq., C.S., C. 8S. I. Dr. F. Stoliczka. |
Vice-Presidents.
Secretaries and Treasurer.
H. Blochmann, Esq., M. A. Col. J. F. Tennant, R. E.
Babi Rajendralala Mitra.
The Hon’ble J. B. Phear.
T. Oldham, Esq., L. L. D.
Dr. F. Stoliezka.
H. Blochmann, Esq., M. A.
Col itis. Thiuillter Rh, A., Cop a.
Col. J. F. Tennant, R. E.
Dr. G. King. . Members of Council. H.C. Bayley, Msq., C. S., C..8. T.
Raja Jotindramohan Tagore, Bahadur. W. L. Heeley, Esq., B. A., C.S.
L. Schwendler, Esq.
Col. J. E. Gastrell.
J. Wood-Mason, Esq.
Col. A. S. Allan. .
Mr. D. Waldie proposed that the thanks of the Society are due to the Secretaries and Treasurer for the marked zeal with which they have carried on their onerous duties during past year. Carried unanimously.
The following gentlemen were elected to audit the accounts of the Society for 1871—Messrs. D. Waldie, F. W. Peterson.
The retiring President then read the following address.
1872. President's Address. 21
J RESIDENT'S PXDDRESS.
—___—.
*
During the past twelve months my official duties outside the Society, have been of an unusually pressing nature, and have left me little or no time at my own disposal. The leisure, too, which I had expected to find in the autumn vacation of the High Court, I was deprived of by illness. For these reasons I am_now, I regret to say, totally unprepared to make to you such an address, as should be in any degree worthy of the occasion. I venture, therefore, to ask your indulgence, and to beg that you will, on the grounds I have mentioned, hold me excused of that apparent inattention on my part to the last function of a retirmg President, which the meagreness of my present communication to you, if unexplained, would naturally seem to indicate.
You will find all the material details of the administration of the So- ciety’s affairs during 1871 in the Report of the Council, and I do not know that there is any particular therein to which I need call your especial atten- tion. Accidental circumstances caused the amount of subscriptions collected within the year to be less than it might have been ; and to this extent the apparent income of the Society has been diminished. Buta portion of the subscription thus outstanding has, I believe, already been collected in the current year, and I trust that more will be so. In spite of serious losses by death and resignation, the total number of the members of the Society has in- creased from 414 to 446; although, I am sorry to say, the number of resi- dent members as compared with that of last year, has considerably diminish- ed ; and I am afraid we must expect it still to diminish as long as our accommo- dation is so straitened as it now is. The Honorary Secretaries, Dr. Stoliczka, Mr. Blochmann, and Col. Tennant, and also the Assistant Secretary, Babu Pratapa Chunder Ghose, have zealously worked in the interests of the Society, and deserve your best thanks for their services.
We are bound also to especially thank Babu Rajendraléla Mitra, Mr. Blochmann, and the several pundits and maulawis, who have devoted much valuable time and labour to the important work of the Society’s Oriental publi- cations. With regard to the quality and quantity of the work so done, inas- much as it has been impeached elsewhere, I shall say a few words presently.
Unfortunately the endeavours of the officers of the Society to promote its interests, and to enlarge the scope of its activity are gravely hindered, so long as the obligations towards us which Act XVII of 1866 imposed upon the Government of India, remain unfulfilled. At our last anniversary meeting, as you will probably remember, I remarked upon the attitude relative to the Society, which the Government presented in this matter, and the situation of
99 President's Address. [ Frs.
embarrassment and difficulty, in which the Society was consequently placed. I will not again dwell upon this very disagreeable topic. The lapse of an- other year has furnished me with almost nothing to communicate to you in respect of it ; but nevertheless, I hope I am not over-sanguine in thinking that I have lately seen zndicia of a disposition in the Government to recog- nize its responsibilities to our Society. And, indeed, I feel convinced that the Governor-General in Council needs only to become really acquainted with the nature of the Society’s claim, to perceive the justice of affording the relief which we ask.
We have had the misfortune this year to lose by death several of our most eminent and valuable members.
The tragic event which deprived us of Mr. Justice Norman will ever be remembered with sadness by us all. He had in almost an unexampled degree endeared himself to every one by his kindly disposition, by his frank and genial bearing. But it was to his intimate personal friends that the sterling worth of the man stood revealed in its fulness. I knew him too well to trust myself to dwell upon this theme, and there are those now present, I am sure, who will feel with me that silence with regard to it, may be a more eloquent tribute a memoriam than the best chosen words. Mr. Norman was elected a member of our Society in 18638 ; and had a seat in the Council in 1868, and following years. In 1866 he was appointed by the Governor-General in Council one of the trustees of the Indian Museum. His attainments in the department of natural science, and in particular his knowledge of botany, were considerable ; and he was always a zealous supporter of our Society.
Archdeacon Pratt, whose sudden and melancholy death occurred almost at the very close of the year under review, took his degree at Cambridge in 1833, when he obtained the high place of third Wrangler in the Mathemati- eal Tripos. It is remarkable that his College, Caius, one of the smaller Col- leges of the University, also produced the senior wrangler of the year, namely, Hllice, a man of conspicuous ability, whose career of distinction was unfor- tunately cut short by death at an early age. Bowstead, Kemplay, Cartmell, Hildyard, now well known names, were among the leading men of the tripos. Mr. Pratt became Fellow of his College, and for a time resided in the * University. He wrote the text book, which was for many years afterwards very familiar to all competitors for Mathematical honors, under the name of ‘ Pratt’s Mechanical Philosophy.’ Although this book was in its best parts a translation and contained little, if any, strictly original matter, its appear- ance in fact marked an era in the course of mathematical teaching and study at Cambridge, because it was in a great measure the means of introducing there the methods, and the lucid reasoning of the French philosophers. A very few years subsequently, the works of the French writers themselves came to be resorted to in the original as text-books by the higher class of students. Mr. Pratt cow wenced his service in India so long ago as 1888 ; and fortunately
1872. ] President's Address. 23
the leisure afforded by the clerical profession, enabled him to keep up his ma- thematical pursuits. The Archdeacon lately told me that he had never devoted himself to observing natural phenomena. He was, however, always ready to take the facts furnished by others ; and to deduce from them by the princi- ples of applied mathematics, their legitimate physical consequences. In this direction, his labours were of immense assistance to the practical investigator and of great value to the cause of science. He was the author of as many as nine or ten important papers in applied mathematics, which were from time to time published in our Journal; and I believe he was also a constant con- tributor to the Philosophical Transactions. I may add that the Archdeacon was member of our Council in 1842 and the two following years, and was also constantly a member of our Committees.
By the deaths of Sir J. F. W. Herschel, and Col. Sir P. T. Cautley, two very distinguished names have gone from our list of honorary members.
The Report of the Council on the Oriental publications will give you an account of the works published by the Society in the Bibliotheca Indica, not only during the past year, but to some extent since the commencement of the series in 1848. I do not propose, and I am not competent, to offer a critical discussion of these. They appear to me to afford substantial proof that the Society is not idle or remiss in the discharge of the public duty, which the reception of the Government grant makes incumbent on it. I am, however, induced to say a very few words on this point, because in a late number of the Contemporary Review (that of September last) the eminent scholar, Max Miller, while praising, no doubt most justly, the labours of his countrymen, Drs. Buhler, and Kielhorn at Bombay, expressed himself in terms, which seem to me to imply an undeserved disparagement of the results produced by ourselves. The passage to which I refer runs as follows :—
**Hqually important for the encouragement of native scholarship is the pub« lication of the ‘Bombay Sanskrit Series,’ under the editorship of Drs. Bihler and Kielhorn, What distinguishes these editions of Sanskrit works from all others, is the attempt to edit each text according to the strictest rules of critical scholarship. Most of the Sanskrit texts which have been published in India, many also that have been published in Europe, are, like the editiones principes of Greek and Roman classics, mere reprints of one MS. If various readings of other MSS. were given, they were given at random, without any previous classification of MSS.; and in many cases the editors themselves, not understanding the text as they found it, have altered the original wording and spoiled it. Drs. Bihler and Kielhorn, as well as their native colleagues, have honestly endeavoured to restore a text that is founded on the authority of those MSS. which, after a careful examination, had proved to be the most authentic, and they have persistently abstained from introducing conjectural readings. We hope that their example will be followed, and that we shall have no more of those so-called eclectic editions which have brought so much discredit on Sanskrit scholarship. The only thing which we regret is, that the number of texts published in the Bombay Series should be so limited, If this should be owing to a
24 President's Address. [F EB.
want of funds, it would seem very desirable that the larger sum of money annually granted to the Asiatic Society of Calcutta for the publication of Sanskrit texts, should in future be divided between Calcutta and Bombay. Valuable as the volumes of the Bibliotheca Indica are, the scholars of Calcutta might do well to combine their forces with their colleagues at Bombay, and to agree with them in a common line of action. Some of the Calcutta texts are not edited as they ought to be, and since the departure of Professor Cowell from Calcutta there seems a want of supervision in the manage- ment of this important undertaking.”
It certainly appears to be true that the number of texts published in the Bombay series is limited ; for, as far as I can make out, they amount only to six within the last six years. And this shortcoming may be due to want of funds ; but I fail to see the reason which makes it therefore “ desirable that the larger sum of money annually granted to the Asiatic Society of — Calcutta should in future be divided between Calcutta and Bombay.” If we look at the nature of the Bombay texts, we find that four out of the six are school books, of each of which there were several editions extant (in two cases even so many as 80 and 60 respectively) before the Bombay editors took them up. According to the rule, which we consider ourselves bound to fol- low in the disbursement of the money granted by the Government, texts situated as these are would not be chosen by us for publication at the public expense, but would be left entirely to private enterprize. As long as pre- cious and important oriental works remain in MS. only, and for that cause are not only inaccessible to scholars generally, but are also under risk of be- coming totally lost to the world, we direct our efforts at publishing these, in preference to putting forward new editions of works which are already in the hands of the public. We do not even, generally speaking, reprint any of our own Bibliotheca Indica series, the copies of which may have become exhaust- ed. The remaining two texts of the Bombay series are the Apastomba Sutra, and Paribashendu-sekhara, text and translation, the one presenting a little less than 100, the other a little more than 400 pages. I will assume on pro- fessor Max Miiller’s authority, and, indeed, I have no doubt, that these have been exceedingly well edited. But when I remind you, on the other side, of the Council’s Report just read, from which it appears that we have since 1848 published no less than 472 fasciculi, giving portions of 86 very important ‘ oriental works, and that these run to something between 1700 and 2400 pages every year, I think you will be of opinion that our Bombay competitors have not beaten us either in quantity or character of published material. As to the concluding remark of Professor Max Miller in the passage which I have . quoted, I deny altogether that the departure of Professor Cowell from Cal- cutta affected for the worse the supervision in the management of the Biblio- theca Indica. The principal editors, Babu Rajendralala Mitra and Mr. Blochmann are indefatigable in their attention to this important work. Nearly all the editors who laboured under Professor Cowell are still at their
a
.
1872.] President's Address. 25
posts, and new editors have been added to the staff, drawn from among the best scholars of Bengal. If any well considered comparison is to be made between the work turned out now, and that of the time of Professor Cowell, I feel pretty confident that the former will not be found faulty in the matter of editorial supervision. Professor Max Miller also states that “many scholars complain that they receive the numbers of the Bibliotheca Indica, very irregularly, and frequently in an imperfect state.” I regret very much that I do not know the particular complaints to which the Professor alludes. Instances of irregularity in delivering numbers of the Bibliotheca on the part of our agents in Europe have at times in the course of years been brought to the notice of the Council ; and I need hardly say that the Council has always, on such occasions, done all in its power to prevent a recurrence of the fault, if fault there was, by writing to our agents on the matter, and insisting on the necessity of the utmost care and diligence. I do not understand the accusation, that the numbers are freguently in an imperfect state. Once and once only, so far as I have been able to learn, a fasciculus was sent out want- ing a sheet, obviously a book-binder’s blunder ; and considering that we issue upwards of 15,000 copies every year, I can hardly think that one mistake of this kind affords ground for convicting the editors of carelessness in supervi- sion. Perhaps I ought here to explain one occurrence, which may possibly, by reason of misapprehension, have been looked upon by Professor Max Miller as a censurable irregularity in delivering the numbers of the Biblio- theca Indica to those entitled to receive them. It has been the habit of the Society to present its oriental publications to distinguished scholars among its Honorary Members. In 1868, the Council, thinking it undesirable to send both the Sanskrit and the Persian publications to each of such members, irrespective of the question whether he cared to receive them or not, passed a resolution to the effect that these Honorary members should be asked by letter to say what their wishes on the subject were. It was supposed that replies to this inquiry would be promptly received, and meanwhile the sending out the publications was stayed. Unfortunately, in some instances replies were very long in coming, and the Council at last, without further waiting, resumed the old practice. I believe that Professor Max Miller was one of those, whose copies were for a time stopped through this cause.
On the whole, then, I feel justified in hoping that the exertions of the Society in carrying on this great public work will be found not less worthy now than heretofore of the Society’s high reputation.
Neither has our Society been sleeping over the cause of science. It must be remembered that in this country almost nothing can be hoped for, in the development of scientific knowledge and the prosecution of important scientific investigations, otherwise than through the aid and encouragement of Government. I may say that all the educated Europeans who reside in
26 President's Address. [ FEB.
India are either Government officials, or persons engaged in special pursuits. We have, here, no men of leisure and of independent means, excepting native gentlemen ; and unfortunately among these, as yet, the spirit of scientific inquiry has scarcely, if at all, manifested itself. Under these circumstances, if the advancement of science were left to be effected by private organization and private enterprize, as is mainly the case in England, the results would be greatly smaller than they, even now, are. Those, however, to whose hands the Government of England’s Indian possessions have been entrusted, have always to some extent understood their responsibility to the world at large in this matter. Mr. Markham’s exceedingly interesting book gives an account, easy to be read, of the valuable work done by the officers of the various Indian Survey establishments. Itis not my purpose, nor have I leisure, now to analyse or discuss the materials, which Mr. Markham thus pleasantly puts before us. At present, I refer to the book as affording ample evidence that the Government has always recognized the duty, under which it lies, to supply the means of working the special fields of scientific inquiry presented by India. Whether it has at all times set itself to perform this duty so zealously as it should, may be questioned. I am afraid, at any rate, that of late there has been some slackening of its earnestness. Last year, I at some length endeavoured to point out that, while the Government took upon itself the support of an establishment for the advancement of meteorological science, the results attained, or to be looked for from it, were very unsatis- factory, and the almost unrivalled opportunities of India in this department of science were almost lost, simply for want of system and well considered organization. It is notorious that little sympathy exists between Chancel- lors of the Exchequer and men of science: and possibly a Financial Member of Council is only an erratic form of Chancellor of Exchequer. The truth is that probably all Governments of the present day require to be constantly urged by a force from without, to perform the duty of promoting the ad- vancement and practical application of scientific knowledge. M. Henri Sainte-Claire Deville, at the beginning of last year, in a remarkable paper laid before the Academy of Sciences pointed out that this was the case even in France, where there is a paid scientific organization. I venture to think ~ that it especially lies within the province of our Society to stimulate the ac- tion of the Indian Government in these respects, and to furnish it with guid- ing advice. I therefore feel sure that you have learned with satisfaction, from our published Proceedings, of the proposal lately made by our Council to the Governor-General in Council for the undertaking of deep sea dredging in Indian waters. That proposal has been received very favourably, and I sincerely trust that the Government will not delay to give effect to it. I believe it is impossible to over-estimate the importance, in most branches of Natural Science, of the results which may reasonably be anticipated from the
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1872. | President's Address. 27
proposed undertaking. As I said last year with especial reference to the department of meteorology, it will redound little to the credit of English rule on this side of the world, if with the staff of able scientific men at this time to be found in Calcutta, the immense natural advantages of this region are allowed to be neglected and unused. I hope the Government will not now stand still at its promise, leaving the fulfilment to wait upon accident. The suggested Committee should, at least, be constituted without delay, and im- mediate preparation made of that material and apparatus, which is indispen- sable to the expedition. It would be melancholy indeed if the event of a Queen’s ship being reported available for this special service should by reason of absence of supply (that universal difficulty in English organizations) be- come infructuous.
While speaking of science as lying within the care of this Society, per- haps I may be allowed to express a doubt, whether our body does quite so much, as it well might, towards furthering the application of scientific know- ledge to actual work. We all know that there are in progress in this coun- try public undertakings of great magnitude, such, that often in the course of them, physical and mathematical problems of a high order, or of considerable complexity, fall to be solved. I desire not to do an injustice to the many able and skilled officers engaged in these undertakings; but I believe I do not err in thinking that comparatively speaking few among them are familiar with the higher principles of physical mathematics, or have any considerable command over the mathematical analysis, necessary for working out the results which would follow from the application of those principles in a given ease. It will not now-a-days be said that the labours of the mathematician and physicist in the cabinet are valueless to the man, who has to observe the phenomena, and to deal with the forces, of nature in the field. In England the engineer constantly seeks the aid of the mathematician. And in France the prevailing belief is, that the recent successes of Germany are attributable solely to the persistency with which the Germans have of late years been availing themselves in all directions of the resources of science. It has occur- red to me that our Society would do good service, if it afforded the means from time to time, of scientifically criticising the various works to which I have alluded, and of bringing to the test of mathematical analysis and phy- sical reasoning the many important questions which arise in the course of carrying out those works, and which are suggested in, or form the subject of, professional reports. At present I may say that as a body we are altogether inactive in this direction. Our late member, the venerable . Archdeacon Pratt, was ever ready to give the benefit of his mathematical powers and scientific knowledge, to those who sought it. But as a Society JI believe we have done little or nothing of this kind. It seems to me that we should not leave such work solely to the accidental efforts of individual
28 President's Address. , [Frs.
members. We ought to have some permanent organization for the purpose of seeking it out, and performing it. And with this view, I should be dis- posed to say that in connection with our Natural Science Committee, a Sub- Committee should be formed, which should take upon itself the duty I have indicated, and in particular should make an annual report to the Society.
In Ethnology, the work of Colonel Dalton is in the course of being printed, at the expense of the Government of Bengal, under the superinten- dence of this Society. Indeed I may say that it is all but finished: it will probably be published in March, and cannot fail, I believe, to prove a most valuable contribution to science. We all know how intimate an acquaintance Colonel Dalton possesses with the various outlying races of Bengal, an acquaintance formed during long-continued service in what I may term frontier districts of this Presidency. His qualifications for the task, which he undertook, of compiling and editing the ethnological information to be gathered from many scattered official papers and other sources, were incon- testibly of a high order, and if he had confined himself to this, the results of his labours would doubtless have been still valuable. But he has done much more: the bulk of his work is description, of a vivid and interesting character, drawn by his own pen, upon the foundation of personal observation. |
Dr. Oldham and Mr. Blochmann, who kindly undertook on the part of the Society to superintend the printing of the book, have discharged that duty in a way to deserve your best thanks. The illustrations have been admirably executed ; and would of themselves, even dislocated from the letter press, constitute an important publication in this department of natural science.
Dr. Anderson’s ‘ Report on the Expedition to Western ‘ Yunan’ very lately published, gives us a complete and clear account of the adventures of, and the geographical results effected by, Major Sladen’s exploring party in 1868. A further report will follow, describing the results of Dr. Anderson’s own labours as naturalist to the exhibition. This narrative forcibly impresses upon us the difficulty and danger of exploring (even under favourable circumstances) a very short distance beyond the limits, to which English ~ authority extends in this part of the world. On first thoughts and in view of the great things which were accomplished by Marco Polo in the 13th century, and by the Jesuits in China in more modern times, it certainly does appear little creditable to our countrymen that at this day the tract of comparatively-speaking unknown land, which on the west, north and east lies between India and the rest of Asia should be, I may say, so enormous as itis. Dr. Anderson himself remarks—“I¢ does not say much for geogra- “ phical enterprize in the East, in recent times, that the Irawaddy, a river “equalling in magnitude the Ganges of India, should remain unexplored.
®
©1872.) | President's Address. 29
“This noble river flows for many hundred miles through British territory, “irrigating its fields, transmitting its merchandize through the country, and “leading up to the very doors of China; and yet no one has had the curi- “ osity, courage or encouragement to search out from whence it comes.” But a little reflection serves to give another aspect to the question. Amongst oriental peoples, we English are now suffering a penalty consequential to the greatness and proximity of our power: I can conceive nothing more natural than that the ruling classes (at the least), whatever may be the case with the population, of countries bordering on India should dread the sight of an English or European explorer, and be glad, almost by any means to keep his foot from their soil. This was not so formerly. The feeling of jealousy, and the determination to exclude, is probably even now deepening and extending, as the reputation of our strength and avidity for dominion spreads and radiates. Shaw’s Tartary and Kashgar abounds with facts, which tend to support such a conclusion. ‘The fate of a Schlagintweit and of a Hayward shows how relentless and unscrupulous is the hostility which these motives generate in our northern and eastern neighbours. The wonder, truly, is that, when to explore and observe means to carry your life im your hand, private efforts at geographical inquiry should be so persistent and successful as they are.
I desire, before I close this short address, to bring under your notice two expeditions which have recently been made to Orissa in furtherance of archeological inquiry. The first of these—a party of draughtsmen and moulders who had been especially trained for the work by Mr. H. H. Locke, Principal of the Government School of Art—went to Bhobaneswar in 1869, and there executed casts of the more remarkable of the mouldings and sculptured figures, which form the decoration of the exterior of the ancient temples. Babu Rajendralala Mitra accompanied this field party, and during the short time he was with them, selected subjects for their earlier operations. From Bhobaneswar he visited the neighbouring rock-cut-temples, or caves of Khandagiri, and you will doubtless remember that he not long ago gave us in this room some of the results of his observations. The second expedition— also a party of Mr. Locke’s students, this time under his own personal superintendence—proceeded to Orissa in the end of December last, and has, I believe, hardly yet completed its labours. Mr. Locke’s principal object on this second occasion, was to obtain casts and drawings of the best and most characteristic carvings in the Khandagiri caves. He, however, made use of an opportunity, which occurred to him, to go to Jajpur, and to procure some excellent photographs to be made by Mr. Heritage, of the celebrated monolithic figures, and column at that place.
I need not expatiate on the value of work, such as that effected by these two expeditions, to those who are engaged in archeological and histori-
80 President's Address. -[FEs.
cal investigations. It serves the double end of placing, so to speak, original materials within easy reach of every inquirer, and of taking evidence, as it were de bene esse, which otherwise might pass irrecoverably away. This risk of disappearance, to which I allude, is by no means imaginary, for Mr. Locke infers from a comparison of the sketch of Bhobaneswar given in Sterling’s paper on Orissa, (published in the volume of our Transactions for 1825) with the present features of the ground, that as many as eight or ten or even more of the smaller temples have within, say, the last forty years, sunk into confused masses, or ill-defined jungle-covered mounds of ruins.
No one, I suppose, will doubt that the tale, which would be told by the archaic remains of Khandagiri and Bhobaneswar, if they could be rightly inter- preted,would be historically most important. The Khandagiri caves bear ample indicia of a Budhist origin. But I believe that the Principal of our School of Art considers there is also a Greek element plainly perceptible in the ornament ; I do not now refer to the dress, worn by the booted figure of the Rani’s cave, which, notwithstanding its foreign appearance, Babu Rajendraléla supposes to be indigenous to this country ; I speak of the conventional ornament on the mouldings and friezes. And then, if we pass over to Bhobaneswar, we find ourselves in the presence of a type of Hindu art, which is at any rate in this sense archaic, namely, that the forms assumed by the temples were developed in the infancy of structural resource. The lofty prismoidal tower eradually rounded in at the top and surmounted by a lotus-shaped crown, is not at first sight I think pleasing to the eye ; but it is easy to understand how it might have grown out of the exigencies under which the builder worked. Without the aid of cement, and in the absence of any knowledge of the arch, the horizontal section, which could be effectually covered over by over- lapping slabs of stone would necessarily be small, and therefore it would be by height alone that the designer could give any imposing character to his building. At first, too, the sides of such a building would probably be left comparatively free of ornament; but assuredly the eye of the Hindu architect would not long tolerate plain surfaces ; he would soon learn to break them with ribs, and enrich them with carving. Ata later stage, we might anticipate that the ribs would develop into turrets, or minarets, until even . the coherence of the whole structure might be endangered, by the separate individuality which the subordinate parts had acquired. Whether. or not this has been the real course of development, I will not pretend to speculate. But certainly there are at Bhobaneswar specimens of states of building very like those I have imagined. Then, too, in those cases where the wealth of decorative ornament is extreme, and I may say at first sight bewildering from its copiousness, a close examination shows that, after all, the whole is ttle more than repetition on repetition of certain comparatively few forms, examples of each of which appear on almost every temple. One of the
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1872. | President's Address. 31
most common, I may observe by the way, is the lion on the prostrate elephant, which, after the event, may perhaps be viewed as affording an apt heraldic foretelling of the British raj! It is, I think, incontestable that much has yet to be learnt, not merely as the correlative of little bemg now known, but in the shape of actual contribution to history, by a careful discriminating study of these stately silent monuments of an age, which seems to have left few other records behind it. I venture then to repeat that Mr. Locke has done great public service by turning out the beautiful casts and drawings which are the results of these two expeditions ; and I think the Government would do well if, having regard to his great abilities and special qualifica- tions for this object, it enabled him systematically every year to carry out work of the like kind to that effected by these parties.
I will take this opportunity of remarking that a strange misappre- hension of fact relative to the first of these Orissa expeditions is apparent in the last published report of the Royal Asiatic Society. Complaint is there made that the expedition was “as little fruitful of results as that fitted out from Bombay.” |The report proceeds, “ They did, however, bring back some “casts of sculpture, a few photographs, and several copies of inscriptions, but “unfortunately neglected to take casts or photographs of the remarkable “sculptures in the Ganesha and Jadeo caves at Udayagiri. These are “probably the oldest and most interesting in India, and their attention had “been previously specially directed to them. As in the case of the Bombay “ expedition, none of the results of their labours have been sent home.” In direct opposition to this statement, I do not hesitate to say that the ex- pedition was in a high degree successful. A very considerable number of casts were taken of well-chosen subjects, and every one who has seen them must be convinced of their great merit. Government itself officially pronounced the expedition a great success. Not only is it not true that, “none of the results of their labours have been sent home,” but the fact is, I believe, that at the very time, when the report was published, the whole of the casts were at the India Office, London. And finally, I have good ground for saying that the attention of any one connected with the expedition was never directed to the caves of Udayagiri.
I have placed on the table this evening one set of the photographs, taken at Jajpur, and I must leave them to speak for themselves. An official report upon the archeological remains of Jajpur was made so lately as 1869 by Mr. G. Smeaton, and is published in the Supplement to the Calcutta Gazette, 4th Au- gust of that year. Mr. Smeaton’s descriptions do not appear to be always quite accurate : you will perceive fromthe photograph, No. 3, (Plate I) that the shaft of the Chandeshur column or lath is certainly not fluted as he describes it. Nei- ther is it bevelled off at the foot. Tradition says that the Mahomedan general, Kalapahar, endeavoured to overturn the column, but failed to do so; only
32 President's Address. [FEs.
succeeding in pulling down the figure which originally stood at the top. And it is generally believed, (upon what authority I do not know) that the Goruda, which is the subject of the photograph, No. 4, (Plate IT) was the figure so cast down. Mr. Smeaton lends himself to this view, and adds “ that the base on “which the figure (the Goruda) stands belongs to the monolith, there is “this additional proof, that in the four corners of the platform, holes “are drilled exactly as in the corners of the monolith, and its capital.” But I think if you place the two photographs side by side, it will be evident to you that the base, or platform, on which the Goruda now stands, never could have been a part of or an addition to the existing capital of the column: it is itself a capital, with appropiate mouldings, not a copy of, though closely resembling, the capital of the column. It is even open to doubt whether the Goruda itself ever could have formed the termi- nation of the lath, for the image appears to be too small to be capable of being seen with effect at the elevation of 37 feet, to which the lath rises. I ought to say that the Goruda is now in a small thakurbari, about one and a half mile distant from the column, under the care of brahmans who do not permit a European to enter the building: they, however, willingly af- forded facilities for the photograph being taken from the cutside; and this was ultimately effected through the expedient of illuminating the image by sunlight thrown upon it by a succession of mirrors.
The Santamadhub figure, represented in photograph No. 1 (Plate IIT) has never before been wholly exposed. Mr. Sterling makes no mention of it at all, and Mr. Smeaton says with regard to it, “ the lower half, from the loins down- wards, is buried under roots and logs.” On clearing the ground close along the margin of the visible portion, for the purpose of photographing it, the coolies struck upon the remaining portion separated from the first by an interval. The clue thus obtained was immediately followed up by further excavation, until the whole figure was brought into view, as it is seen in the photograph. It lies broken, in two large pieces, within a plot of garden ground, at a distance of one and a half or two miles from any of the monoliths. There is now, apparently, no trace of old buildings close to it ; and in truth, almost nothing is known about it. There seems to be nothing to connect it specially with the spot, where it now is, and for its better preservation it would be well if it were removed to the compound in which the other. monoliths have been placed.
In the very hurried mention, which I have this evening made of some of the more recent manifestations of literary and scientific activity in this part of India, I have made no attempt to be comprehensive. Had I been bold enough to do so, I must have failed. Time has not permitted me to touch upon such valuable labours as those of our Meteorological Reporter, or of the officers of our Trigonometrical and Geological Surveys, or even to notice
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“PULPQOIOLT
1872.] Business of the Monthly Meeting. 33
such excellent books as Westland’s Jessore, and Oldham’s Ghazipur ; of these latter, however, I must say by the way, that they are conspicuous examples of the good use, which may even yet be made by our local officers, of the advantages enjoyed by public servants in the Mofussil for observation and for the collection of historical materials. I trust, indeed I have reason to believe, that we shall ere long have more than one additional instance of the like assiduity and research. ;
Gentlemen, I now vacate the Chair in favour of the distinguished mem- ber of our Society, whom you have just elected to succeed me, and while doing so, I tender to our Honorary Secretaries and to all our other officers my sincere thanks for the courtesy and the assistance, which they have invariably rendered me during my term of office, and which alone has enabled me to discharge the Presidential duties consistently with the paramount claims of the public upon my time and attention elsewhere.
*,* Since the above address was delivered, I have seen the note of Lieut. Kittoe which is printed in Vol. 7, of the Asiatic Society’s Journal, and the figures which accompany it. Apparently the existence of the Santamadhub figure was not known at the time of Lieut. Kittoe’s visit. J. B. P.
The Meeting then resolved itself into a ordinary Monthly Meeting.
The Hon’ble J. B. Phear, Vice-President, in the chair.
The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.
The receipt of the following presentations was announced—
1. From the Government of India, Home Department, a copy of ‘The Rock Temples of Elephanta or Gharapuri, by J. Burgess, F. R. G. S., with Photographic Illustrations, by D. H. Sykes.
- 2. From L’Académie Hongraise des Mines et Foréts de Schemnitz, through the Indian Government, A copy of ‘Gedenkbuch zur hundert- jahrigen Griindung der Ké6nigl. Ungarischen Berg-und Forst-Academie in Schemnitz, 1770-1870, and a Bronze Medal struck in commemoration of the foundation of the Academy in 1770.
3. From Rev. J. Long, A framed Lithograph, representing the Races of Russia.
The following gentlemen, duly proposed and seconded at the last Meeting, were balloted for and elected Ordinary Members—
M. Sashagiri Sastri, B. A., Madras.
W. Minto, Esq., Assam.
Lieutenant-Colonel D. J. F. Newall, R. A., has intimated his desire to withdraw from the Society.
34 Letters. [ Fer.
A list of Nicobarese words by Mr. Mann, received from the Depart- ment of Agriculture, was laid on the table.
Also, a Report on a New System of Transliteration, by J. G. Thompson, Esq., Judge, Berhampore, Ganjam.
The President then said that, at the Meeting of the Society held in November last, the Council, after due consideration, had proposed an altera- tion in Rule 29 of the Bye-laws. The rule as it stood at present was— “The Society shall meet on the first Wednesday in each month,” for which the Council had recommended the substitution of the followmg—“ The Society shall meet on the first Wednesday in each month, excepting in September and October.” As alterations in the Bye-laws of the Society had to be referred to the whole body of Ordinary Members, voting papers had been sent to all non-resident Members. He would now appoint Messrs. D. Waldie and J. Wood-Mason to collect the votes of the members present, and act as scrutineers. 3
A discussion followed on the object of the proposed alteration, in which most members present joined. It was then announced by the scrutineers that there were forty-one votes in favor of, and four against, the proposed change, and the President declared the new rule passed.
The following letters were read : 1. From J. Delmerick, Esq., Réwal Pindi, regarding a unique Tetra- drachma of a new Bactrian King.
‘I have the pleasure of submitting for the inspection of the Coin Com- mittee of the Asiatic Society of Bengal a silver cast of an unique tetra- drachma of a new Bactrian King. I have seen the original coin, but the owner, Chanda Mall, who is a professional coin seller, has such extravagant ideas of the nature of it, that I have been compelled very relunctantly to abandon all hopes of possessing it. The cast, however, will, I have no doubt, prove highly interesting to our numismatic friends.
‘The coin was brought by an itinerant goldsmith of Shah ki Dheri from Central Asia, and was sold by him a short time ago to its present owner for a mere trifle. I proceed to describe it.
Cory oF PLATO, THE ILLUSTRIOUS.
O. Ai. 15.—Tetradrachma. Weight of original coin 258 grains ; weight of cast, 240 grains.
Obverse.—Helmeted head of King to the right, with the ends of the diadem hanging behind. The helmet has a long flowing crest, and is orna- mented on the side with the ears and horns of a bull, like on some of the coins of Eukratides. The shoulders are draped. The whole is surrounded by a circle of astragarus beading.
a
1872. | Letters. 35
Reverse.—Figure of King, erect, with long ends of diadem floating in the air, driving a Quadriga to the front. The horses in motion.
Monogram.—Thomas, No. 86 ; Cunningham, No. 89.
Legend.—In three-fourths of a circle at top, BASIAEOQS ENI@ANOYS TIAATONOS.
Exergue.—Three somewhat indistinct letters which are like MOS.
‘When this com was first placed in my hand, I mistook it for one of Straton, who also on some of his silver and copper coms takes the title EHI®ANOYS, though, as far as I know, it never stands, as in this case, by itself, but is is always followed by SOTHPOS.
‘The monogram occurs frequently on the coins of Menander, and there- fore it might be supposed that he existed immediately before or after that monarch who, according to Strabo, crossed the Hypanis and penetrated east- ward as far as the Zsamus ; but the fact is that, for the present at least, or until we obtain one or more coins of King Plato with an Arian inscription, we must, I think, class him with the purely Greek Kings of Bactriana, such for instance as Diodotus and Huthydemus.’
2. From H.C. Bayley, Esq., C. 8. L, regarding a celt of extraordinary
size and perfection.
‘I send herewith a fine specimen of an Irish Celt found at Mount Leinster, County Wexford, and which has been lent to me by its owner, Colonel James, c. B., for exhibition at the meeting of the Society.’
3. From M. L. Ferrar, Esq., 0. 8., Audh, further particulars regarding Rijah Todar Mall.
‘Tn continuation of my last letter about Rajah Todar Mall, the following particulars derived from the ‘oldest inhabitant’? of Lahurptr, may in- terest you.
‘Todar Mall’s father, Achal Mall was a K’hatri of the Wehra class : his mother, Syam Kooer of the Choperi class. The boy was born in 944: Hijri, and lived in Lahurpur until his 12th year, when (955) he set off to Lahor in search of employment, which he was successful in procurmg under the Emperor Akbar.
‘Among the reforms which he effected was the fixing the Magli Era for all land revenue arrangements: as also (as you mention in your Ain trans- lation) the adoption of the Farsi instead of the Hindi language in such matters.
‘Close to Léhurptir is a village, Raj4ptir, which he founded, his tank
bemg still extant: the pucka steps were built by the hero. In another village, Daryapur, a meld is held every Jeyt (June) in his honour, at the shrine ‘ Chhota Bharaich.’
36 Letters. [FEs.
‘ Lahtirpir was originally Lahurptir (93 )92Y), shortened into Lahtrpir, and now very commonly called still shorter Lahtirptir. The name is spelled in the first manner in a sanad granted by Todar Mall himself to the ancestor of the present Qantngo.
‘Todar Mall’s only son, Dharu Mall, was slain in battle, and died without issue. And there are no descendants of the Rajah, on either side, extant in Lahurpur.
‘There can be no doubt whatever that the local belief is correct; for the man was not a mythical hero, but a veritable officer of King Akbar’s. Strange that in a note to Elphinstone’s History of India, fifth edition, page 510, he is said to have been a Kayath !’
Mr. Blochmann said—
Mr. Ferrar’s first letter regarding Todar Mall, which was published in the Proceedings for September, 1871, (p. 178), has been read with some interest in Lahor, and Maulawi Muhammad Husain of the Lahor College lately wrote a note on this subject to Babi Rajendralala Mitra, of which I shall read a few extracts in translation.
1. The opinion generally received in Upper India is, that Todar Mall was a K’hatri of Lahor. Elphinstone calls him a Kaith; but the syllable Mali in Todar Mall’s name renders this altogether impossible.
2. There is a Mahallah in Agrah, where the funeral ceremonies (c5!9l¢1) are held by all K’hatris, and every one there knows that it was the Mahallah where Todar Mall used to live. In fact he had chosen his residence there, in order to be present at funeral, ceremonies of members of his caste.
3. 'Todar Mall’s name often occurs in old popular songs in which he is invariably called a Tunan (wg) Khatri of Lahor.
4. An old Brahman of Lahor says that one of his ancestors had been Purohit to Todar Mall. The Brahman had often heard from his father that Todar Mall’s father was a Tunan K’hatri of Lahor ; he had been a very poor man, and used to sell y’hungnt in the streets. Once Akbar’s Mdmu* had made a conspiracy to murder the Emperor, and Todar Mall’s father had given information to Akbar’s mother, to which fact Todar Mall owed his promotion.
5. The Madsirul Umaréd clearly states that he was a Tunan Khatri of Lihor.f There are also several buildings in Lahor and a tank, ascribed to Todar Mall.
Thus, it will be seen that the people of Lahor are not willing to resign their claim on Todar Mall. On the other side, the fact that Todar Mall first served Akbar in Audh may be looked upon as supporting Mr. Ferrar’s account.
* This is a curious piece of information. The maternal uncle (mdm) alluded to is Khwajah Mu’azzam, who, for the murder of his wife, was executed by Akbar.
+ The Madsir merely calls him (yg (eg yig’ Uo 3535 Konty,
a
1872. ] Additions to the Library. . 37
As the hour was late, the reading of the following papers was postponed till next Meeting—
1. The Ruins at Kopari, Balasore District. By JOHN BEAMES, B: C. 8.
2. Translations from the Tartkh i Firtzshdht— By A. Corvin, C. 8.
3. Introduction to the Santali, Kol, Munda, Ordon, Rajmahalli
Pahéria, Korwa, and Birjea Lanquages—By Dr. J. M. Coates, BER-
HAMPORE.
The receipt of the following communication was announced—
1. Monograph of Himalayan, Assamese, Burmese and Cingalese Clausihe.— By W.'T. Buanrorp, F. G.S. C. M. Z. 8.
2. The Imperial Eagles of Intia.— By W. E. Brooks, C. E., Erawan.
The Meeting then broke up.
LIBRARY.
The following additions have been made to the Library since the Meeting held in January, 1872.
Presentations. *,* Names of Donors in capitals.
Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, 1871, November.—SocierE DE LA GEOGRAPHIE, Paris.
Journal of the Chemical Society, August, September and October, 1871.—THe CHEmicaL Soctery or Lonpon.
The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, No. 108.—THE Gxo- LOGICAL Socrery oF Lonpon.
Bijdragen tot de Taal landen Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch Indie, Vol. VI., le stuk.— VOLKENKUNDE VAN NEDERLANDSCH INDIE.
Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, Tome X. to III., Nos. ITI et [V.—Socrere IMPERtALE DES NATURALISTES DE Moscow.
Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou Tome XIII., Livraison IJI.—Soctere Impertate pes NATURALISTES DE Moscov.
Gedenkbuch zur Hundertjahrigen Griindung der Kénigl. Ungarischen Bergund Forst Akademie in Schemnitz, 1770-1870.—L’ AcaDEMIE HONGRAISE DES Mines ET FORETS DE SCHEMNITZ.
Bloemlezing uit Maleische Geschriften, Tweede stuk, door G. K. Niemann.—TwHeE Royat INstituTE oF NETHERLANDS INDIA.
38 Additions to the Lnbrary. _ [Fss.
Recherches sur les Monnaies des Indigénes de L’Archipel Indien et de la Péninsule Malaie, par H. C. Millies—Tue Royat Insrirute or NETHER- LANDS InpIA.
A Report on the Expedition to Western vanes via Bhamo, by John Anderson, M. D.—TuE Avrnor.
The Christian Spectator, February, 1872.—Tur Eprtor.
Professional Papers on Indian Engineering, 2nd Series, Vol. I. No. 3.— THE Eprror.
Journal of Travels in India, by Ardaseer Framjee Moos.—THE GOvVERN- MENT OF InNpIA, HomE DEPARTMENT.
The Rock Temples of Elephanta or Gharapuri, by J. Burgess, F. R. G. S., M. R. A. S.—THE GoverNMENT oF [nNpIA, HoME DEPARTMENT.
Chinese Materia Medica and Natural History, by F. P. Smith, M. B.— THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, HomE DEPARTMENT.
The Indian Antiquary, No. 1, January, 1872.—TuE GovVERNMENT OF Inpia, Home DEPARTMENT.
Records of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. IV., pt. 4, 1871.—Tue GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL.
Exchange. The Athenceum, November, 1871.—Nature, Nos. 110 To 114.
Purchase.
Comptes Rendus Nos. 17 to 20.—Revue des Deux Mondes, 15th Novem- ber, Ist December, 1871.—The L. E. D. Philosophic Magazine No. 282, December, 1871.—The Annals and Magazine of Natural History No. 48, 1871.—Journal des Savants, October 1871.—The American J ournal of Science and Arts, October, November, 1871.—The Indian Annals of Medical Science No. XX VIII.—Jacut’s Geographisches Worterbuch, Vol. IV., F. Wiisten- feld :—Ibn-el-Athiri Chronicon quod perfectissimum inscribitur, Volumen sextum, supplementum variarum lectionum ad Vol. XI. et XII.
The following Sanscrit MSS. have also been purchased for the Society.
Qua | FURICATa | Wao HTo RRNA 2. ae a ° i be QR Bos ATS al sat.. eet. fearac:.. i QR RBe0 BTATCATS? 46 . aaa wUE: s Ge YEo0 AAA =. = aaa. f 8 Roe wyraare: Ch ne Qa Q
GSMs... 4 Bare amen hee a 02
Gaara | AAA TASHA ng Wequyfeat .. watferararfaare. . FRI, TUT HSA WMYSIAT 2. VACAMTISTAT is SINHA: WVNAAY-TVYATIISla Wayans .. oF qatrare:.. ae waqarteitata .. RIAA ATS aT . SraTa aT aCHRaT ATAU: TTIW ... ee STH: 2. sh Saeitqat .. Th ATHAMSAANTY .. HRM Me RIMNATAATS aT? .. Herfcareray ae VECCAL CAL ne
STqayE: ae GaCaTU:, TETH? ks. faery: os
SATATAAT “e ZUCSART:, TETH? ..
waelat .. os An
aaa ce ee AQ MAARANAlasp srs
UAaTSaICHaT ears - ete SISHATCAT
ATA ee BARI T .,
Additions to the Library.
QARICATA | qa Sear as Re ° KA si Ud faacrafaarst Re Aza. v u TOTAATA ms ay a faaraareratg: 49 ATA TSS? 2: you WalA .. LM Ba aqvarqagisy é USTUCMSTHTA? os Ge TIATAHMUIAPT: .. Bgo Reqatyn wd. e : ae g ° as : RE BMYSa: .. a Re SATU: ag Ro waraveifam .. BX ° re as RX aifsamea: Row A Foal 2 2 ° ee re RQ AIHW: - BR UWaysR, Uta .. RB ATUTaW.. e: Kok ° ak aes ¥. RETA, UICHTEAT: —«-Bo wugfa: .. 5 R28 e ae wae \s aqwem . Be RR BITTE . 7 RB wea: ! u wetfsrcifae: 5 ABR aIGea 4. ay Re
wife: Ap Rey
40 Additions to the Library. QAATA | TARA | aiiaareta: ie 23 0 “ce o. aTaa, StaTarwat ... | WATARS, TAR. UPCSTAETU GD ... a 2 ae - SaUVTAIeta: vet 9 ae Bt BITUIMNs iy: vc ° 2% AAW oy ag . mafas ee CAUTATUSR - +. Gemlars: ea WATT IQ-ATSTA ey ° ‘ Fi fret? . ap her A eee fram: .. so af ° os o ata o-a weAT ch ad Re WACATE:, Glau, SAAS: aelea: .. aaTerafarazifaat .. a Tafsqey =e. BACH, TAARTS:, TeTH? wate, argetiqa AQTSTCTUIANTGS cy See uk: BWareyraiarw o's ee o an 2) weatanafarre .. Dy asa e gsfaantard, ware, waiteafed. . % ° :
PAA IIAAUAA GAA CAGTICGA BWMIAMSW .. TaSTVAAMACs.. am ° on Surseraqaw: =, Af ° Tfanieay .. ae “s ° os WUMIFERGT ae ATS: iy. TSTSITTG a : ° ayaa Car, ESSE
fearmaray:) .. .. | RTAWAT.. WINATH, (GIAMATTI) © f Waa CATT: a : ° - of aceasta aie 1c: a ULGMAATSIGT «=. ee ° ae es faqruaqaaia s Basa ayigt ., BATATISTAT (VATS) (RAT? Go) TaAHYS: RANA HATSIAT! |. ° oe
qo 8
BG
Vad
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1872.]
Qqara | yaa eae *
Additions to the Library.
TSISUcarsd, MAUVE
qanatyary aaqeare .. Pi SfeaerAAa ol waaay = ATRISATATAA Aawasaataea4rst
args ta ee Qarqaraarear atari
Wayernicweaeayarars aaa
afantaranm: MINIS, MWA CSes MIAATIISH lg wereratata: “ae ag faaeaaTAars PaMTTeaTHEs «6! quasars .. atamara re anata ae
areysfata: (warez)
aTeqaten:. . o wWeITST .. sp Tra TaCUTary: ., MIAN ITITIT =.
WIAITAAATATT oe stam. op ayaartan ee Je WaaTy’, . eS aA aCaaaareat GIAS TAS RTCAT
Sqraca fae raA ga
QARTCATA |
THA .,
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BIST TA:
vateeue:
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a GOA xe HF Ke A TC CHAP HAAMYPFP AA COC TL_AKHFL ff B&B
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PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
FoR, Marcu, 1872.
A meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday, the 6th instant, at 9 P. M.
T. Oldham, Esq., L.L. D., President, in the chair.
The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.
The following gentlemen are candidates for ballot at the next meeting—
P. Whalley, Esq., B. C. S., proposed by Mr. H. F. Blanford, seconded by Mr. H. H. Locke.
Khwajah Ahsanullah, of Dacca, proposed by Dr. James Wise, seconded by Colonel A. S. Allan.
Dr. V. Richard, Civil Surgeon, proposed by Mr. J. Beames, C. S., Balasore, seconded by Mr. H. Blochmann.
The following have intimated their desire to withdraw from the Society :—Dr. G. W. Leitner; J. A. Aldis, Esq. ; Khalifah Sayyid Muham-
mad Husain. The election of Nawab Ziéuddin of Luhard, Dihli, has been cancelled.
The following letter from Mr. Wyat was read on a Shoal of Dead Fish in the Indian Ocean. 'The letter is addressed to Colonel H. Hyde.
‘The circumstances connected with the shoal of dead fish which I mentioned to you as having seen some time since in the Arabian Sea, were shortly as follows. I have no memoranda of the circumstances, but am tolerably certain of both date and locality within the limits I give.
‘The P. & O. Co.’s Steamer “ Madras,” on a voyage from Suez to Bombay with H. M.’s mails on board and about 70 passengers, towards the end of September 1867, when between 12° and 13° N. Lat. and 50° and 55° EH. Long., passed through a large number of dead fish, all tolerably
44, List of Committee Members. [Manrcn,
fresh when first remarked by myself, and evidently killed at or about the same time. None of them exhibited any signs of mutilation. They rather resembled the Grey Mullett im appearance, and averaged from 9 to 15 inches in length. ‘They were floating generally at a distance of only a yard or two from each other, and extended over a field of some 200 miles east and west, the course we were steering at the time. No unusual appearances were remarked, except perhaps a little more than the average amount of phosphorescent light in the water at night. The weather was calm, and the Barometer and Thermometer about their average height for the season of the year. My impression at the time was, that the fish were killed by some volcanic or electrical agency, but this is pure conjecture on my part, as I have no grounds upon which to found the supposition except the absence of any external injuries sufficient to cause death in such specimens as I secured for examination.’
Mr. Wood-Mason mentioned the destruction of vast shoals of fishes by heavy gales in the Bay of Fundy recorded by Dr. Leith Adams, and alluded to the influence of volcanic sub-marine emanations on animal life.
The President reported on the part of the Council that the following gentlemen have been elected to serve on the several Committees of the Society—
FINANCE.
Babu Rajendralala Mitra.
Col. A. S. Allan.
L. Schwendler, Esq.
F. W. Peterson, Esq.
LIBRARY. The Hon’ble J. B. Phear. Babu Rajendralala Mitra. ’ Col. A. S. Allan. . Col. H. Hyde, R. E.
W. L. Heeley, Esq., C. S.
Dr. J. Anderson.
J. Wood-Mason, Esq.
G. Nevill, Esq.
Dr. Mohindralala Sarkara.
PHILOLOGY.
K. C. Bayley, Esq., C. 8., C. 8. I. Babi Rajendralala Mitra. W. L. Heeley, Esq., C. S. C. H. Tawney, Esq., M. A. Major-General A. Cunningham, C. 8. L.
e
1872.) List of Committee Members. 45
Rev. K. M. Banerjea.
Babu Gaur Das Baisak.
Dr. Mohindralala Sarkara.
Moulavi ’Abdul Latif, Khan Bahadur. » Kabiruddin Ahmad Sahib.
NATURAL History.
Dr. J. Ewart. Dr. J. Anderson. Dr. G. Kime. W.S. Atkinson, Esq. J. Wood-Mason, Esq. G. Nevill, Esq. H. F. Blanford, Esq. W. T. Blanford, Esq. V. Ball, Esq. H. B. Medlicott, Esq. D. Waldie, Esq. Dr. Mohindralala Sarkara. Dr. G. E. Dobson. PHYSICAL SCIENCE. His Excellency Lord Napier of Magdala. Cok: H. Li, Thuillier,.C. 8. -I. Col. H. Hyde, R. E. Col. J. E. Gastrell. H. F. Blanford, Esq. D. Waldie, Esq. J. Wood-Mason, Hsq. L. Schwendler, Esq. Corns.
E. C. Bayley, Esq., C. S., C. 8. I.
Babu Rajendralala Mitra.
Major-General A. Cunningham, C. 8. I.
Major F. W. Stubbs.
Rev. M. A. Sherring.
J. G. Delmerick, Esq.
THe COMMITTEE OF PAPERS. The Members of Council. The Council also report that, at the recommendation of the Finance Com-
mittee, the sum of Rs. 661, due from several members on account of subscription and entrance fees, has been written off.
46 The Death of the Earl of Mayo. [Manrcu,
The President then said—
GENTLEMEN,—Since the last meeting of the Society, the Members, in common with the community at large, have been stunned by the fearful sud- denness, and awful nature of the destruction by the hands of an assassin of Her Majesty’s representative in this country, who was also the Patron of this Society. It is not, gentlemen, the part of the Asiatic Society of Bengal to enter upon questions of a political nature, or to discuss their tendency or wisdom. And though certainly we do not sink the character of citizens, by becoming members of this learned association, we would relegate all such matters to other places and other times. It needed, however, no interest in public questions, no excitement as to imposition of taxes or change of policy, to appreciate the thorough, hearty, earnest, genial, manly chivalry of Lord Mayo’s character, and we can fully realize the heaviness of the blow, and the severity of the loss, which, in common with the country at large, we have experienced.
I would suggest that we record on our Minutes a brief statement to this effect, and would propose it be
Resolved, 'That the Asiatic Society of Bengal has heard with pro- found regret of the fearful assassination of their late Patron, the Right Hon’ble The Karl of Mayo.
Carried unanimously.
Colonel Tennant exhibited five photographs taken by Captain J. Water- house of the last total eclipse, observed at Ootacamund.
The President said that Captain Fryer, a member of the Society, had that day arrived from Burma, and as he would be unable to attend another meeting of the Society, he now exhibited by permission a very fine assort- ment of celts collected in that province, and in which it was thought the members might feel interested. The President then asked Captain Fryer to say a few words about them.
Captain Fryer thanked the Society for kindly allowing him at such short notice to exhibit his collection of celts. He believed they presented a greater variety than any heretofore shown to the Society. In number they exceeded one hundred, and were peculiarly interesting as indicating that types other than the so-called Burman type had been found in the country. They had been collected from four districts, namely, Mergui, Tavoy, and Amherst in Tenasserim, and from Sandoway in Arakan. They had been met with either in the beds of streams or, as was more generally the case, in hill clearings by the Toungya or Joone cultivators. They were fashioned from different kinds of stone, such as chert, clink stone, green stone, basalt, jade, and some were of even softer material. They were both rough and
a.
1872. ] Capt. Fryer’s Burmese Celts. 47
smooth, and comprised (@) adzes with shoulders, and (6) adzes without shoulders, each with a cutting edge like a chisel, (ce) axes with the cutting edge like anaxe, (d) a spear-head, and (e) a curious quoit-like disc of stone, the probable use of which was not apparent.
With respect to the adzes with shoulders, Captain Fryer stated that their analogue in iron existed in Burma, and was called ‘ Kyek toung.’ It was used by carpenters for cutting and sharpening boats.
The attention of the members was particularly directed to the large adze with shoulders found near Yangay village, Tavoy District, in length one foot, breadth 83 inches, and one inch thick, weighing 3lbs. 7oz., also to the fine axe from Beloogyoon, Amherst District, 6 in. long, 3% in. broad, and 13 in. thick, weighing Lb. 5oz.
As for the quoit-like stone, members were invited to contribute infor- mation as to the probable purpose for which it was originally designed.
Dr. J. Anderson said he had not met with the shouldered but with the wedge-shaped type of celts in Western Yunan. They were generally small, and a large percentage were of jade. All the specimens he procured, were purchased from the natives, who highly prized them, usually carrying them inasmall bag attached to a button-hole of the jacket. Some were also offered for sale in the bazars; and it was to this circumstance that his attention had first been drawn to their existence at Momien and other localities in. W. Yunan. They fetch high prices, as they are considered of medicinal value; and small fragments chipped off were sold at fabulous prices.
Dr. Anderson also mentioned that the same belief regarding celts pre- vailed in Yunan as in Burmah, that they are thunderbolts which, after their fall, were buried in the earth, and after many years had made their way to the surface again.
Mr. Blochmann exhibited several Persian inscriptions from Mr. Wilson, C. S., Badaon. He said :—
Some time ago, Mr. Wilson, C. S., Badéon, sent to the Society three Persian inscriptions, rubbings of two of which I now exhibit. Of the third, Mr. Wilson sent a copy. The rubbings are most extraordinary ; the char- acters, especially of the second, are a perfect puzzle, and so difficult, that 1 have not succeeded in deciphering every word. The inscriptions are of m- _ terest, as belonging to the years 798, 877, 883, A. H., or A. D. 1895, 1472, 1478, a period for which Muhammadan Historians give but little informa- tion.
The first, of which Mr. Wilson has sent a rubbing, was found at Badaon ; the large stone, however, which contains the inscription, is not attached to any building. The reading is as follows :—
48 Badaon Inscriptions. [ Marcu,
«ee gS Bed} Sle Jigen wh ylec wel sly eu [etalon aly] prom? ely 9 EL 9 Je BoyF Wy fod sayyS Vet’ Elbe clot oiSes wlelwsyp dad aS lise 45 lah euoy sai go> awe Fst) rms Rv ©e ) 30 £m yee DEMO Saal Lan AS elo—a Bly x * # e KK * J baw eaod O33 WARS sas sihy
TRANSLATION.
In the name [of God the merciful and the clement]. The date of the building of the Canal-house of Malik ushsharq Khan Jahan [here follow three words not deci-
phered. |
The fortunate king, the chosen of God, has built the canal, the garden, and the sarai.
There was at no time a canal here [like this] through which the Alexander-like
Sultan became famous. ‘ He is a hero (bahddur), a king of kings, the Khan of the world, for whom the field
of battle is a feast.
He is liberal, a Ghazi, and just, and condescending in address.
It is a well, a masjid, it is a sarai, a garden; it is a joyful place, itisa good place.
All people are satisfied with it, because that which is useful in its nature is last- ing.
In A, H. 798, [several words are broken off] on the road to God.
May faith and the world be according to thy desire: all people say Amen, and we utter pious wishes.
In thought and language the inscription is one of the worst that I have seen. ‘The metre is Mutagdrib. In the last distich, I have inserted a r*, as a syllable is wanting. I am doubtful as to the meaning and correctness of the word Jiga, for which the second distich has lala. The original cer- tainly looks like slitle jéhndd ; hence my translation “ canal” (sla and Jb) is a mere guess. 3
The date 798, A. H., A. D., 1895, is quite clear. The first (prose) line should not be considered a chronogram, as such chronograms were not then in fashion.
The builder alluded to seems to be Khwajah Jahan Malik ushshargq, the founder of the Jaunpur dynasty.
The second rubbing is taken from an inscription on Sayyid ’Alduddin Shah’s tomb in Badaon, and is a sanad in which certain lands are set aside for the preservation of the tomb. A plate and explanatory notes will be given in the Journal.
1872. ] Naga Tribes of Asam. 49
Of the third inscription, Mr. Wilson sends the following reading :— celealio Wy pr gouty $) 920 Kgs y0 wks S095” (yah Said ayy las wrt sy Il (Sic) S30 SxiLed 9 Grazia 9 Eto Khao yy rryell Grey Oy TRANSLATION.
The building of the strong vault of Makhdimah Jahan, the late mother of his Majesty ’Alauddunya wad-din Shah, the king, [was made] during the reign of the said king. Dated 19th Rajab, 877, A. H. [20th December, 1472, A. D.]
Mr. Wilson says that her tomb is within the same building in which her son, the Emperor Sayyid ’Alauddin lies buried. It is said that her body was removed there after the death of her son in 888, A. H.
Mr. Wood-Mason exhibited various articles of Naga dress, etc., and an illustrated note-book lately received from Mr. 8. E. Peal of Sibsdgar, Asim, containing an interesting account of a visit to several Naga tribes. He drew the attention of the meeting to one of the sketches, which re- presented a mode of climbing trees precisely identical with that in vogue amongst the Dyaks of Borneo according to Mr. Wallace,* and described by that eminent naturalist in the following terms :—
“As I was very anxious to get it (the Mias), I tried to pursuade two young Dyaks who were with me to cut down the tree, which was tall, perfectly straight and smooth-barked, and without a branch for fifty or sixty feet. ‘To my surprise they said, they would prefer climbing up it, but it would be a good deal of trouble, and after a little talking together, they said they would try. They first went to a clump of bamboo that stood near, and cut down one of the largest stems. From this they chopped off a short piece, and splitting it, made a couple of stout pegs, about a foot long and sharp at one end. ‘Then cutting a thick piece of wood for a mallet, they drove one of the pegs into the tree and hung their weight upon it. It held, and this seemed to satisfy them, for they immediately began making a quantity of pegs of the same kind, while I looked on with great interest, wondering how they could possibly ascend such a lofty tree by merely driving pegs init, the failure of any one of which at a good height would certainly cause their death. When about two dozen pegs were made, one of them began cutting some very long and slender bamboo from another clump, and also prepared some cord from the bark of a small tree. They now drove in a peg very firmly at about three feet from the ground, and_ bring- ing one of the long bamboos, stood it upright close to the tree, and bound it firmly to the two first pegs, by means of the bark cord, and small notches near the head of each peg. One of the Dyaks now stood on the first peg and drove in a third about level with his face, to which he tied the bamboo
* The Malay Archipelago, Vol, I., pp. 54-56.
50 Ruins of Kopari—Trienops Persicus. [ Marcu,
in the same way, and then mounted another step, standing on one foot, and holding by the bamboo at the peg immediately above him, while he drove in the next one. In this manner he ascended about twenty feet, when the upright bamboo becoming thin, another was handed up by his companion, and this was joined on by tying both bamboos to three or four of the pegs. When this was also nearly ended, a third was added, and shortly after, the lowest branches of the tree were reached, along which the young Dyak scrambled, and soon sent the Mas tumbling headlong down. I was exceedingly struck by the ingenuity of this mode of climbing, and the admirable manner in which the peculiar properties of the bamboo were made available. ‘The ladder itself was perfectly safe, since if any peg were loose or faulty, and gave way, the strain would be thrown on several others above and below it. I now understand the use of the line of bamboo pegs sticking in trees which I had often seen, and wondered for what purpose they could have been put there.”
Mr. Mason hoped that the Society would encourage Mr. Peal to con- tinue his valuable observations by publishing the interesting notes and sketches he had already made.
The following papers were read :—
1. The Rus of Kopari, Balasore District— By J. BEAMES, Esq., C. 8S.
The Secretary read portions of the paper, and exhibited the tracings made by Mr. Beames. The article will appear in the forthcoming number of the Journal.
2. On the Osteology of Trienops Persicus—By G. E. Doxson, B. A., M. B., Assistant Surgeon H. M.’s British Forces. (Abstract.)
This paper is a continuation of one, by the same author, “On a new genus and species of Rhinolophide, &e.,” published in Vol. XL., Part II., No. IV., of the Journal. |
It contains a detailed description of the skeleton of the species on which the genus Zrienops was founded. The nearest affinities of the genus are shown to be with Phyllorhina with which it agrees in the number and rela- tive lengths of the bones of the fingers, in the relative number of the bones of the toes, and in the form of iliac bones. It differs, however, from Phy/l- lorhina and from other genera of Rhinolophide in many important characters of which the principal number are met with in the skull and in the sternal bones.
The author compares the osteology of the genera Rhinolophus, Phyllo- rhina, Tricnops, and Celops, and arranges them under two sub-families, dis- tinguished by the relative number of joints in the toes and by the form o the iliac bones. .
¢.
1872. | Schwendler, on Glalvanometers. 51
8. On the best resistance of the coils of any Differential Galvanometer.—By Louis SCHWENDLER, Esq.
(Abstract.)
Mr. Schwendler gave a short outline of his investigations, stating that it would be impossible for him to read the paper in full on account of its intricate and purely mathematical character ; he would give, however, the general results obtained and show their advantages when applied, illustrating his explanations on the black board and by a Differential Galvanometer placed on the table ; the paper itself would be published in Part I, of the Journal.
In that most common form of the Differential Galvanometer, when the two coils are fixed and of equal resistances and equal magnetic moments, Mr. Schwendler found that the following interesting and most simple rela- tion should exist between the resistance of the Galvanometer coil and the resistance to be measured, in order to have the greatest possible sensibility, namely, that—
The resistance of the Galvanometer coil should be one-third of the re- sistance under measwrement—supposing that the resistance of the testing battery common to both the coils can be neglected against the resistance to be measured.
Mr. Schwendler remarked that the Differential Galvanometers at present employed in the Government Telegraph Department of India, have a far too low resistance, and that this, to a certain extent, explained the great want of sensitiveness.of these instruments when used for measuring resistances higher than 600 units.
If the coils had a resistance of about 2500 units each, instead of 200 only, the sensitiveness of these instruments would at once be nearly trebled, a fact which shows the great advantage to be derived from the application of Mr. Schwendler’s results in the construction of Differential Galvanome-
ters. 4. On the Syphon Recorder—By W. E. Ayrton, Esq. (Abstract.)
Mr. Ayrton said that on land telegraph lines three distinct methods are employed for receiving messages. By the first the signaller sees the motion to the right or left of a small magnetic needle ; by the second he hears the sound of one or other of two bells of different tones, or what is virtually the same thing a short or a long interval between two distinct clicks produced by a small mag- netic hammer striking against a stop in its downward and upward motion ; and by the third method the message is printed on a strip of paper either in ordi- nary Roman letters as in the House or Hughes’ instrument, or, as in the Morse instrument, in a symbolical alphabet of dots and dashes, which have to be translated by the receiving signaller,
52 Ayrton, Syphon Recorder. [Marcu,
The great advantage of any system by which an automatic record is obtained is, that should there be any difference between the message written by the sender and the message sent out to the receiver, it is easy to find out whether the mistake was made by the sending or the receiving signaller, since what is printed on the slip of paper at the receiving station is entirely under the control of the signaller at the sending station.
On long submarine cables, however, such as the Atlantic, Red Sea, &e. as the battery power employed can only be exceedingly small compared with that used on a corresponding length of land line, only one of the above men- tioned methods of receiving messages can be adopted, wz., the motion of asmall magnetic needle. To render the angle large through which a weak current will deflect this needle, the moment of inertia of the needle has to be very small, that is to say the needle has to be short and light. To see the actual motion of such a needle, would therefore be a difficult matter. This difficulty, however, was overcome some years ago by Sir W. Thomson’s reflecting galvanometer. But the instrument is not only far too feeble to produce any mark on paper, but m addition it even touched any stops placed to limit its motion too feebly to act thereby as a “relay” in complet- ing the circuit of a current generated in the receiving office.
The problem to be solved, therefore, is virtually the following : How is it possible to write with a pen on paper, if only an exceedingly small power is to be exerted on the pen. This Sir W. Thomson has succeeded in solving in his ‘ Syphon Recorder.’
Mr. Ayrton then gave a minute description of the invention.
The receipt of the followmg communfeations was announced— 1. Ona new Indian Sylvia.—By W. E. Brooks, Esq., C. E., Etawah. 2. The Syphon Recorder.— By KE. W. Ayrton, Esq.
3. On the Osteology of Trienops Persicus—By G. KE. Doxson, Esq., M. B.
LIBRARY.
The following additions have been made to the Library since the meeting
held in February last. Presentations. *,* Names of Donors in Capitals,
Notices of the Astronomical Society of London. Vols. I, II, ITI, and XXXI.—Memoirs of the Astronomical Society, Vol. XXIX, part I.—Chinese- Observations of Comets, by J. Wilhams.—Tne AstronomicaL Socrery oF Lonpon.
Report of the British Association, for 1870.—Tue Brivisn Assocta- * TION, , ie!
1872. ] | Library. 53
Journal of the Royal Geological Society of Ireland, Vol. III., part IJ, New Series.—Tue Royan Geonoeaican Socrery oF IRELAND.
Monatsbericht fiir September and October, 1871.—Koniglich Preus- sische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin.
Journal Asiatique, Mai, Juin, et Juillet, 1871.—Astaric Socrety oF Paris. .
Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, Decembre, 1871.—Gro@RaPHIcaL Society OF Paris.
Catalogue of Scientific Papers, Vol. V.—Philosophical Transactions Vol. 160, part II, 1871,—Royan Socrery or Lonpon.
Christian Spectator, No. 9—TuE Eprror.
Indian Missionary Manual, by J. Murdoch.—Catalogue of Christian Vernacular Literature of India, by J. Murdoch.—Letters to Lord Napier on Education in India, by J. Murdoch.— Tue AurHor.
Report of the Meteorological Reporter to the Government of Bengal, for 1870, by H. F. Blanford—Tue Avruor.
La Langue et la Literature Hindoustanie en 1871, par M. Garcin de Tassy.—THeE AUTHOR.
Ramayana, edited by Hema Chandra, Vol. 2, Part 18.—THe Eprror.
On the study and value of Chinese Botanical works, by EH. Bretschneider, M. D.—Tue Avrnor.
Sukla yajushi Madhyandiniya Sikhiy4 Vajasaneya Sanhitd, Part 3, edi- ted by Chiranjiva garudadvaja—THakura Prasapa SINHA.
General Report of the Operations of the Trigonometrical Survey of India, for 1870-71.—TricoNoMeErricat SuRVEY OFFICE.
Catalogue of MSS. from Gujrat, No. 1.—Flora Sylvatica, by Major Beddome, XIII—XVI.—Icones Plantarum Indie Orientalis, by Major Beddome, Lat. VIII.—Geology and Zoology of Abyssinia, by W. T. Blan- ford.— GOVERNMENT OF InpIA.
Annual Report on the Administration of the Territories under the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, for 1870-71.—TuE Govt. or BENGAL,
Purchase.
Muir’s Sanserit Text, Vol. II.—The Indian Antiquary, part I1I.—The Westminster Review for January, 1872—The Numismatic Chronicle, No. 43. —Revue de Zoologie, Nos. 7-9—Revue Archeologique, Nos. 11-12—Revue des Deux Mondes, 1 January 1872—Grimm’s Worterbuch, Vol. V, part II— Journal des Savants, November 1871.—Reeves’ Conchologia Iconica, parts 290-291.—Comptes Rendus, Nos. 21-26.
Exchange. Nature, 115-117,—The Athenzum, December, 1871.
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
FoR, APRIL, 1872.
The monthly meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday the 8rd. instant, at 9 P. M.
T. Oldham, LL. D., President, in the chair.
The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.
The following presentations were laid on the table —
1. From the Royal Norwegian University, — 30 specimens of minerals and shells from Norway.
2. From Rev. J. Long, — eleven volumes of grammatical and religious works.
3. From the Author, — a copy of Sanskrita Brahmanda Vivrttih.
4. From Col. A. 8. Allan, — three volumes of old botanical works.
4. From Sirdar Attar Sing Bahadur of Bhadaur, — a silver coin of Udaipur,
faaRe | wear Chitrakuta. Udayaptra, coin of : ¥ ° . zife saa friendship of London.
and a silver coin of Alauddin Muhammad Shéh, of Dihli. The legend is, as usual—
prs wlbledt gla ea? RBSt Cp wt yg Lrotisde pbs) wy Leland} side ws 9 oe ae o 0 Eppogat| aro ks dla} pal ol silat
5. From Professor C. A. Holmboe of Christiania, — three pamphlets on Budhistic Tumuli in Asia and pre-historic remains of Norway. 6. From Rev. M. M. Carleton, Ambala,— several Bactrian copper coins.
The following gentlemen duly proposed and seconded at the last meet- ing were balloted for and elected Ordinary Members—P. Whalley, Esq., B. C.8.; Khwajah Ahsanullah of Dacca; Dr. V. Richards.
56 Letters from Mr. Thomas and D. 8. Somanatyssa. [ APRIL,
The following are candidates for ballot at the next meeting,—
W. Heilgers, Esq., proposed by Dr. F. Stoliczka, seconded by Mr. D. Waldie.
Babu Mahimachandra Chakravarti, Barnagore, proposed by Mr. H. Blochmann, seconded by Babu Rajendralala Mitra.
Babu Niranjan Mukerji, Banaras, proposed by Babu Rajendralala Mitra, — seconded by Mr. H. Blochmann.
The Council reported that they have elected Sir R. Couch a member of Council and Vice-President, in place of the Hon’ble J. B. Phear, leaving India.
Col. J. E. Gastrell has been elected a Trustee of the Indian Museum, during the presidency of Dr. T. Oldham, Superintendent Geological Survey of India, and Treasurer of the Society, in place of Col. Tennant, proceeding to Europe.
The Council further recommended that Mr. G. B. Airy, the Astronomer Royal, and President of the Royal Society, be elected an Honorary Member of the Society.
In recommending this election, the Council do not deem it necessary to enter into the details of Professor Airy’s numerous and most valuable con- tributions to Science, extending over nearly half a century, but merely to draw the attention to the great influence which his labours have had upon the progress of Physic and Astronomy. ‘The ballot will take place at the next meeting of the Society.
At the recommendation of the Philological Committee, the Council have sanctioned the publication of the Akbarnamah in the Bibliotheca Indica, Per- sian Series,
The following extract from a letter by Mr. Thomas, addressed to E. C. Bayley, Esq., C. S. I., was read :
“We have found amongst Elliot’s papers a most interesting account of the buildings and water works of Jerusalem of Nacir bin Khusrau (A. D. 1045). As we cannot use this in the Indian History, Dowson is to edit the work in a separate volume, 'The man is most precise in his description and had we known of the existence of Capt. Toler’s (?) translation, we might have saved the Palestine exploration people some digging.”
The following letter from D. 8. Somanatyssa, Chief Priest of the Parana Nanda Temple, Galle, Ceylon, has been communicated by Mr. EH. C. Bayley
‘T regret very much that I have not been able to acknowledge earlier the safe receipt of all the catalogues of Sanskrit works which you have the kindness to remit to me occasionally. I am very much obliged to you for |
1872.] Ruins at Bandras—Chand’s Epic. 57
them, and crave that I may be favoured with any future publications of a similar kind.
‘The Government of Ceylon has very prudently pursued the steps of that of India in using measures for the preservation of the library records of this island, and an oriental library has already been established at Colombo, the chief town, and copies of all the valuable manuscript Pali and Sanskrit works are now being made, under the auspices of local Committees (of which I am a member at Galle), established at the principal towns in the island. The work is now being carried out, and I am sanguine that it would prove in the end to be one of the most useful undertakings that has ever been inaugurated by our benign Government.
‘T have posted along with this letter a pamphlet edited by a native gentleman, being a review of Max Miller’s Dharmapada, and trust that a perusal of ib will prove useful to you.
‘I have not been able to procure yet a copy of the “ Descriptive Cata- logue of Books in Ceylon,” published a short time ago, and a copy of which I promised you. A copy will be sent to you as soon as I get one.
‘I shall thank you to write to me of any literary works that you may be in need of from this quarter, as it will have my best attention, &c.”
The President exhibited a beautiful Manuscript of the Mahabharat, which had been sent for that purpose by Messrs. Gisborne and Co., Calcutta.
The following papers were read— 1.— Notes on the age of the ruins chiefly situated at Bandras and Jaunpir,— by C. Horne, Esq., late B. C. S.
This paper, like several others contributed by Mr. Horne to the Socie- ty’s Journal, treats of the antiquities of Jaunptir and Banaras, and discusses the use which Muhammadan builders have made of the materials of old Hindi and Buddhistic temples. The paper is accompanied by a photo- graph of a portion of the Jaunpur mosque, and a list of Gupta words.
2.—Translations of selected portions of Chand’s Epic, Book I,—
by J. Beames, Hsq., C. S., Balasore.
Mr. Beames has translated several passages from the first book of Chand’s Epic, of which he lately sent to the Society the text of the first 1200 lines with the words properly divided. The restoration of the text and the trans- lation of even single portions are matters of the greatest difficulty. The Pandits of Rajpitana even do not understand Chand beyond the general drift of the poem. The translations are made by Mr. Beames from Tod’s MS. of Chand in his possession, which in his opinion is by far the best, having been very carefully prepared for him by a Pandit in the service of the Rana of
58 Old Sanskrit Inscription. Aracanese Coin. [ APRIL,
Kota. The first book of Chand does not, as has been supposed, consist of uninteresting invocations. “ At stanza 45,” Mr. Beames says in a letter, “begins the legendary history of the Rajput race with the story of Parikshita, then follows Janamejayu’s serpent sacrifice, the foundation of Mt. Abu by the sage Vasishta, the birth of the Chauhan from the fire fountain (Avala- kunda) ; the lives and deeds of the earlier sovereigns of the race, Bisal Deo, Ana Deo, Sérang, and Anal Deo; the building of Ajmir, and Sambhari; the birth of Somesar ; the father of Prit’hiraj ; the gathering of the clans for the great fight with the Chalukyas (which Chand dates Samvat 936, by a curious error) ; a long and most valuable list is here afforded of the old Royal races of the Rajptits, of great antiquarian interest ; the birth of Chand himself at Lahor ; and last, though not least, the birth of Prit’hiraj himself. I do not hesitate to say that the first book, one of the longest in the whole poem, is also one of the most important and interesting. The second book is more legendary, but contains a great many valuable historical and geographical notices.”
Mr. Beames also promises to continue his contributions to Chand, which to all Hindi scholars will be of the greatest assistance.
3.—On an Aracanese Coin,—by Carr. G. E. Fryer, Orricratrina DEpury- COMMISSIONER, SANDOWAY.
Before entering upon the subject of his paper, Capt. Fryer said he wish- ed to say a few words respecting the two fragments of stone, now exhibited, together with a photograph by Capt. Waterhouse, bearing an inscription in old Sanskrit characters of about the 8th or 10th century A. D. The pieces of stone had been handed to him just before his departure from Sandoway by
a native official who stated that they had been found in the jungle near the
village of Byeewa in the Sandoway District.
Babu Pratapachandra Ghosha to whom the inscription had been shown, considered the characters to comprise in four small lines the first couplet of the Buddhist text, and he proposes to read them thus :—
(1.) Ye dharma hetu pra
(2.) bhava hetun tesham Tatha cubha
(3.) Teshan Tatha gata hyava
(4.) Vat evam vadi Mahé Sramana.
These words are not exactly the same as in the inscription on the stone extracted from the Sarnath tope near Banaras (vide Pl. IX, Vol. IV, Jour. As. Soc. Bengal), but the differences are immaterial.
Capt. Fryer promised on his return to cause search to be made for the remaining portions of the inscription, and to communicate the results to the Society.
Capt. Fryer then read his paper, the subject of which is a small silver
coin of about the size of a four-anna piece. He refers it to the Vaisali *
*
ae Pe Se Ghargéon.— On Hath. Tieffentaller. 59
"The paper will be printed, together with a drawing
‘secgad number of the Philological Part of the Journal.
4.—WNotes on Ghargdon, Asdm,—by J. M. Foster, Esq., F. R. G.S.
Mr. Foster gives a description of the town of Ghargion, the old capital of Asim, the ruins of which le close to the Nazirah on the Dik’ht river, a tributary of the Brahmaputra. Several plans of Ghargaon and environs of the old palace of the Rajahs, and two photographs of the latter, accompany the paper. Mr. Foster has collected the notes of former writers on the subject, and gives among others an interesting extract from a work on ‘ Shipwrecks’ regarding the adventures of several Dutch sailors who were forced to accom- pany Mir Jumlah’s fleet to Asam in 1662. It would appear that a large number of Portuguese and English accompanied the General.
The paper will appear in No. I of the first part of the Journal for this year.
5.—Lote on Father Tieffentaller, of the Society of Jesus and Missionary y- Apostolic in India, S§¢.,—by Lr.-Con. A. 8. ALLAN.
The Reverend Father Joseph Tieffentaller, known as a Missionary in India, and voluminous writer on the topography and statistics, as well as on the religion and natural history of many parts of this country, was born about the year 1715, at Boesano, or Botzen, inthe Austrian Tyrol. Having, at an early age, embraced the rule of St. Ignatius, he left his native country, in the year 1740, for Spain, where he remained for two years, awaiting an opportunity of proceeding to India, the scene of his future labours. The vessel, in which he embarked, landed him at Manilla, in the Spanish Philip- pine Isles, and he was unable to reach India until December 1743, when he arrived at Daman near Goa ; thence he proceeded to Surat, returningto Daman in March 1744. In September of the same year he again visited Surat, and afterwards proceeded to Bhroch, Barodah, Gudasa(?), Laravara(?), Sagwara(?) Udaipir, Jaipir, Dig, and Agrah. In 1745, he visited Mathura and Bin- dréban ; in 1747, Dihli, whence he proceeded to Narwar, on the banks of the Sindu, south-east. of Gwaliar, where there was then a colony of native Christians. He remained at Narwar until 1750, when he says that he returned to Goa, from which it appears that he must have first arrived at that Portu- guese city, before going to Daman, especially as he does not state explicitly that he arrived at Daman from Europe. In the same year he travelled back towards Narwar by way of Jodhpur, and Ajmir. From Narwar, which he reached in April 1751, he visited Gwaliar, Gohud, and Agrah, returning to Nar- war, by another route, in November following ; his permanent station was there for a period of twelve years, but during that time he paid several visits to Agrah and Dihli, (and also apparently to Lahor,) to see his worthy friend, Father Andreas Strobl, 8. J., who had been sent for with another savant,
60 Col. Allan on Father Tieffentaller. _ [Avett
from Germany (before 1739 and who died 30th March, 1751 at Agrah) by Jai- Singh II, the Astronomer Rajah of Jaipur. Father Tiefentaller was compelled by poverty to leave Narwar early in the year 1765, and he resolved to proceed to Bengal, as he says “ to test the liberality and generosity of the celebrated English nation.” He saw Datiah, Jhansi, Kalinjar, Pannah, and Allahabad, in his journey ; thence he proceeded to Lucknow, Banaras, Patna and finally to Calcutta, returning to Allahébid in October of the same year. In 1766, he visited Korrah, but proceeded ultimately to Lucknow, and spent the remain- der of his life there ; during which time he occupied five years in travelling over the greater part of Audh including Farrukhabad, and to the foot of the Kamaon hills, and the falls of the river Ghagra. He took careful bearings of all the places of note, having numerous valuable scientific instruments in his possession ; and he certainly appears to have been eminently qualified for the task he imposed on himself.
During his latter years he suffered severely from repeated attacks of | gout, in addition to the infirmities of age; and he died, aged upwards of eighty years, at his residence in Lucknow on the 5th July, 1785. His re- mains were conveyed to Agrah, and interred in the Catholic cemetery there. The Register of Baptisms and Marriages, in his own handwriting, recorded generally in Latin, but occasionally in his native German, extended from 4th February, 1765, to 31st May, 1784, and was preserved among the ecclesias- tical documents belonging to the Catholic Church of St. Mary at Lucknow. On the outbreak of the mutiny in June 1857, all these interesting records were burnt, together with the Church and the house of the Priest where they were kept. I fortunately, during a residence at Lucknow just before that sad year, made extracts from those papers, and am enabled to state the exact period of the death of F. Tieffentaller, which date had been previously un- known in the notices published of this learned Jesuit. The ‘ Biographie Universelle, and other foreign authorities, merely state that he was “alive, and living at Agrah, in 1785.” Strange to say no English work on Biography takes any notice of his name, at least none of those I have been able to con- sult, such as Chalmers, Rose, &c., an omission difficult to account for ; and even the French authorities as well as the Italian and German ones are very meagre and brief. It would not have been necessary to have entered so fully into the Indian career of this earnest inquirer into topics of interest connected with this country, but for the dearth of published materials regarding him to which I have above alluded, and I shall conclude this paper with a notice of the writings of Father Tieffentaller, whose name I may mention has thus been written on the authority of his own signature (which I have seen verified) and not, as generally given, Tieffenthaler or Thieffentaler.
During an uninterrupted residence of nearly forty-two years in India, he
employed the leisure hours of his missionary life in collecting information
a
1872. ] Col. Allan on Father Tieffentaller. 61
regarding the literature, customs and religion of the Hindus, as also on the topography, and natural history of this country. The celebrated M. An- quetil Du Perron, when at Strat in 1759, wrote to Father Tieffentaller, requesting information about the Mughul Court, and the antiquities of India. He received this communication while at Narwar, and at once replied that he would be happy to afford him all the information in his power on these subjects, asking in return for any scientific works that could be spared, and especially the correct longitude of Strat, as he was occupied in a work on the Geography of India, with the latitudes of various places. In 1776, M. Anquetil Du Perron received from F. Tieffentaller, with a letter dated from Agrah, three charts or maps of which that learned French orientalist gave a detailed account in the Journal des Savants, for the month of December, in that year. In the same letter he informed him that he had sent the fol- lowing works to a medical Professor in the University of Copenhagen—
1. ‘ Description Géographique de |’ Indostan.’
2. ‘De la Religion Brahminique.’
3. ‘Astronomie et Astrologie Indiennes, et systeme du monde selon les Gymnosophistes.’
4. ‘Des Idoles des Indiens, et de leur forme, et des plus célébres péléri- nages de |’ Inde.’ |
5. ‘Histoire naturelle de l’Indostan, contenant la description des animaux, des oiseaux, et des plantes, avec des figures enluminées.’
John Bernouilli of Basel in Switzerland (the well known savant, astro- nomer and member of the French Academy, who died in 1807 at Berlin), sub- sequently ascertained that these precious MSS. were in the prossession of M. Kratzenstein, a Professsor in Copenhagen, and succeeded in obtaining from him in October, 1871, the geographical portion of Father Tieffentaller’s works, which he translated into French and German from the Latin in which it was written and published, in 1786, at Berlin in 3 volumes 4to., of which there is a copy in our Library, (No. 2214), as also in the Calcutta Public Library ; to which I will, therefore, refer those desirous of perusing the work itself.
This work is curious and interesting, being illustrated by numerous copper plates of the principal places described by this Jesuit Missionary, from sketches done by himself, which evince considerable artistic merit. Amongst these is abird’s eye “Elahbas,” as Allahabad is styled, and in which, singular to say, the famous Asoka Pillar, is represented as standing close to the gate of the Fort there, where it long lay on the ground, and was only set up again, about forty years ago. It is, therefore, clear that this sin- eular obelisk, which has thrown such a flood of light in the ancient history of India, through Prinsep’s interpretation of the inscription engraved in its sides, must have either fallen or been thrown down, after Allahabad came into the possession of the British—though of that event or accident, no re-
62 Ruins in Orist.— Koch Bihar, Koch Hajo, &e. | APRIL,
cord is now known, as far as I am aware. The views of the “ Palatium quod Laknoi dicitur, ripe Gumatis adsitum,” and “ Palatium Bangle, seu Fesabadi recens conditum, Gagre ripe adsitum,”’ are also deserving of notice; the ruins of the latter, over parts of which the river sand has now drifted, I have personally visited and examined, and can testify to the resemblance. There are other sketches of interest in this volume, (now before you), which are valuable as the only representations now in existence such as Datiah, Gwaliar, Ajigarh, Gorék’hpur, &e.
Without trespassing longer on your attention, I would notice in con- clusion, that Father Tieffentaller states that he had prepared an account of the beasts, trees, and plants of India, illustrated with colowred drawings, but this was never published, nor could I ascertain what had become of it. After careful enquiry and examination of the ecclesiastical records at Luck- now, in 1855, no such MSS. were then in existence, and it is to be feared that they have perished, like so many other precious documents, left to the ravages of white ants in this country, through the neglect and carelessness of their custodians.
6.—More Buddhist Ruins in Orisa,—by J. Brames, Esq, C. S.
Mr. Beames’s paper contains a few additional remarks to his paper on the Ruins of Kopari, printed in last year’s Journal, and will be printed in the forthcoming number.
7.—Koch Bihar, Koch Hajo, and Asam, in the 16th and 17th centuries, ac- cording to the Akbarnamah, the Pddishahnamah, and the Fathiyaht
’ Lbriyah,—by H.. Brocumann, M. A., Calcutta Madrasah.
(Abstract. )
Mr. Blochmann read the introduction of his paper and a chapter on Asim and the Asamese in 1662, according to the Huthiyah i ’Ibriyah of Shihébuddin. He traced the Hastern frontier of Bengal at the time of the Mughuls from the P’hani River, east of Bhaluah and Nawak’hali, along the western portion of Tiparah over Silhat and Lata (or Ladu, as spelt by Mu- hammadan historians) to the southern part of Parganah Karibari, from’ where the Brahmaputra formed the boundary as far as Parganah Bhitarband ; from thence the boundary passed westward to Patgaon and the north of Pirniah. Morang, Koch Bihar, Koch Haéjo, Kamrip, and Asdm did not belong to the empire under Akbar.
During the reign of Jahangir, Koch Hajo, which coincides with the modern district of Gwalpaéra, was conquered and annexed; and under Shah- jahan Kamrdp, or Lower Asim between Gwilpdra and Gauhati, «vas also occupied. Towards the end of Shahjahan’s reign, the Koch Bihar and
4
1872. ] Brooks on the Swans of India. 63
Asim Rajahs attacked Koch Hajo, and forced the Imperialists to withdraw from the province. This repulse was the cause of Mir Jumlah’s expedition to Asim in 1662.
Mir Jumlah invaded Koch Bihar, recovered Koch Hajo, and occupied Central and Eastern Asim for fourteen months. The most eastern part to which he advanced is marked by the intersection of Long. 95° and Lat. 27°, or the districts east of Sibsdgar and Nazirah. In the expedition to Ra- khang (Arakan), which was undertaken immediately after Mir Jumlah’s death, the most southern part which the Mughuls reached, is Ramu or Rambi, half way between Chatgénw (Chittagong) and Akyab. Beyond these two points the Muhammadans did not advance.
Mr. Blochmann has collected all notes regarding Koch Bihar, Koch Hajo (the ‘kingdom of Azo’ of early European travellers in India) and Asim, from the Akbarnamah, the Tuzuk i Jahangiri, and the Padishéhna- mah. He then gives a free translation of the Hathiyah « ’Lbriyah, or, as the book is sometimes called, Turtkh 1 ath i Asham (Conquest of Asdm), in 1662 by Mir Jumlah. The author of this work, a native of Persia, was a clerk in the employ of Mir Jumlah, and wrote the book in 1662-63, because the official reporters, in Mir Jumlah’s opinion, did not send correct accounts of the progress of the expedition to court. The author of the “Alamgirnéa- mah appears to have used the Fathiyah «’ Ibriyah for his history.
Shihab’s work contains many interesting remarks on Asam and the Asamese, and on several of the aboriginal tribes. The book ends with the death of Mir Jumlah, on the 2nd Ramazan, 1073 at Khizrptr was Dhaka.
The paper will be printed in the first part of the Journal for 1872.
_ The reading of the two following papers was postponed— 8.—LMonograph of Indian Cyprinde, Part IV,—by Surgeon F. Day. 9.—Notes on the Reptilian Fauna of Katch—by Dr. F. SrortczKa.
The following communication was received.
The Muhammadan Inscriptions of Bihar,—by A. Broavtey, Esq., C. S., and H. BrocuMann, Hsq@., M. A.
The Swans of India,—by W. KE. Brooks, C. E., Htdwah. (Recd, 18th December, 1871.) Dr. Jerdon, in his third volume of the Birds of India, page 778, appears to doubt the occurrence of swans in India. Amongst Mr. Hodgson’s original drawings is one of a swan in mature plumage, which, judging from the diamond shaped yellow patch at the base of the bill, on each side of the upper mandible, is undoubtedly Cygnus ferus.
64 Brooks on Imperial Eagles of India. [ APRIL,
A note on the drawing states the specimen to have been lost. Some of Mr. Hodgson’s boxes of specimens were lost on their way to England. |
The drawing is marked “ Cygnus ferus, wild swan,” in Hodgson’s own handwriting. Another note states, that the bird was “shot in the valley of Nepal, January, 1829.”
This swan should, therefore, have been included in Jerdon’s Birds of India, for many of the birds therein described stand upon the occurrence of a single specimen. |
In the last No. of the Ibis, that for October, 1871, page 412, Mr. Hume describes a pair of swans, killed on the 17th January, 1871, at the Jubbee stream, on the borders of the Hazara and Rawalpindi districts. He also observes, that “swans appear to be regular annual visitants to this locality, and several places lying between Rawalpindi and the wes- tern limit of the Peshawur valley.”
Upon Mr. Hume’s deseription of this pair of swans, the editor of the Ibis remarks: “The birds here described appear to us to be referable to the young of Cygnus olor, the tubercle of the bill bemg undeveloped, and the yellow of the anterior portion of the bill not yet assumed.”
In this opinion the Rev. H.-B. Tristram entirely concurs, with greater certainty than expressed by the editor of the Ibis; this in a letter to me, so that we may safely also add this species to the Indian list.
The swans of India are therefore Cygnus olor and Cygnus ferus.
The latter bird was added by Hodgson, and is included in Gray’s Cata- logue of Hodgson’s drawings and specimens, presented to the British Museum.
The Imperial Eagles of India—by W. E. Brooks, C. E., Htdwah. (Recd, 21st February, 1872.)
It has been supposed by many, that the Indian Imperial Hagles were all referable to one species, which was again identical with the European bird.
The European species, true Aquila imperialis, Bechst., is, however, quite distinct from our Indian birds, as Mr. Howard Saunders has recently shewn
. in a late number of the P. Z. S.
The young of the European bird is a plain tawny brown, and is never lineated. The old bird differs from our Indian species in having white on the ridge of the wing, as well as white scapular feathers. Neither of our Indian birds can, therefore, any longer retain the name of ¢mperialis.
There are four stages of Imperial Eagle found in India, and the East generally. ‘These have been referred to one species by Dr. Jerdon and others, but were distinguished by Mr. Hodgson.
They are of two distinct species, Aquila crassipes, Hodgson, and Aquila bifasciata, Gray and Hardwicke.
a
1872. ] Brooks on Imperial Eagles of India. 65
The former has three well marked stages.
1st.—Light brown plumage, lineated both above and below. Hach feather possesses a light fulvous central stripe. The tail is, as a rule, plain dark brown, with a light tip, and it is not barred.
2nd.—A. very dark black brown plumage, both above and below, save the upper part of the head and nape, which are buff or fulvous. The tail changes to blackish brown, or nearly black, the upper part being barred with grey, and the end having a broad four-inch band of black. The top of the head has also generally a patch of brown.
37rd.—The same as the 2nd stage, with the addition of snow white
-scapulars, to a greater or lesser extent.
I am correct in stating that the striped bird passes directly to the old black brown bird with light head and am not advancing a theory of my own, for Mr. Anderson of Futtehgurh has shot two changing birds (which he has kindly lent to me). These have numbers of the lineated feathers still remaining, intermixed with greater numbers which are black brown. I believe a change of colour im these feathers takes place, without a moult. The ¢azd of one bird is partly changed (by a moult) to the adult tail with erey bars, and dark terminal band.
Aquila bifasciata, Gray and Hardwicke, our second species, appears only to have ¢wo well marked stages.
1s¢.—The whole bird is a very pale dull grey brown, sometimes speckled slightly with fulvous on the abdomen. ‘There are two broad fulvous wing bars, formed by the broad light tips of the greater coverts, and. those of the secondary quills. The tail has also a light tip, and is generally shghtly barred with hoary grey.
2nd.—The very pale brown changes to a rather darker brown, which is still but a dull light toned brown; the wing bars disappear, and the tail is strongly marked with wavey grey bars on a dark brown ground. There is no dark terminal band, but the barring is contimued to the end of the tail.
The only further change towards maturity in this Hagle which I have seen, 1s, that the back of the head, and nape of the neck, become buff coloured, or fulvous. The head then resembles that of mature crassipes, but the brown of the body is not half so dark, being a sort of earthy brown; “ soil brown,” as Mr. Hodgson expresses it.
Mr. Hodgson has two drawings of the Eagle one in the first stage, or typical bifasciata ; and the other in what I take to be the mature bird, with buff nape. He has another drawing termed 4. Nipalensis, which is clearly a very pale example of a bifasciata in its first stage. I possess a bird almost as pale.
In coming to the above conclusion that cur Imperial Eagles formed two distinct species, I had the use of a very fine series, composed of Mr, Ander- son’s birds as well as my own.
66 Brooks on Melizophilus striatus. [Apnrit,
It was very pretty to see how distinctly the striped bird passed to the old black one, and to see how decidedly distinct each specimen of A. bifas- ciata was from all those of A. crassipes.
In size, the two birds are much the same.
A living specimen of the young striped bird, from China, has been re-
cently added to the Zoological Society’s collection ; and Dr. Sclater has had .
a drawing made of this bird, to see what it will turn to. My. Hodgson has two drawings of the striped bird which he terms “ Aguila crassipes.” These drawings are very accurate.
On a new Indian Sylvia—by W. E. Brooks, C. E., Hédwah. (Recd. 24th February, 1872.) Melizophilus striatus, sp. nov.
Description. Above light brownish grey, streaked on the head, as far as the shoulders, with dark brown narrow streaks. A pale rufous-brown broad supercilium ; the cheeks and ear coverts are also of this colour, which extends down the sides of the neck and breast, becoming very pale and diluted under the wings, and on the flanks. Wings light brown ; the edges of quills and coverts greyish. Tail a very much darker, or blackish brown ; the outer feather on each side is rather lighter, and is tipped with white. The tail feathers are cross-rayed, particularly the outer ones.
Lower surface of body, except sides of neck, breast and flanks, white, with narrow brown streaks from chin to upper breast. These streaks are well-defined in one specimen, and faint in another. Lining of wing, and ridge of the same, reddish white. Bill dark brown, except basal half of lower mandible, which is dull brownish orange. Legs and feet yellowish brown ; claws brown. Length 4°55 to 4:8inch ; wing 1:93 to 1:95 ; tail 2°14 to 2°33; tarsus ‘77 to ‘82; bill at front 35; from gape 46. The bill is excessively like that of Melizophilus provineialis ; the wing also resembles that bird, except that the first primary is larger in proportion. Tail of similar form, but proportionately shorter ; the outer feathers are ‘35 shorter than the central ones.
Notwithstanding the differences I have noted, the general resemblance is so strong to Melizophilus, that I have placed it in that genus. The head is streaked and so are the throat and breast, but I have a Dartford Warbler with small white streaks on the throat. It would not be advisable, therefore, to create a generic term, merely because in mode of coloration it differs somewhat from MMelizophilus.
It was discovered by Captain Cock, 380th P. N. Infantry, at Nausherah, in the Panjab, who says of the bird: “They are found in pairs among low stony hills, and are very restless, active little birds, and proportionately diffi- cult to shoot.”
The specimens 1 have from Captain Cock were killed in the beginning”
of February.
a re al
1872.] Additions to Lnbrary. | 67
LIBRARY.
The following additions have been made to the Library since the last
meeting. Presentations.
y*y Names of Donors in Capitals.
Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe, 1871, Heft I—II, und der Philosophisch-Philologischen und Historischen Classe, 1871, Heft I—IV, der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Munchen.—TuE Roya ACADEMY OF ScrencES, MUNIcH.
Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Math- Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, Band LXIII, Heft I—V, Philosophisch-His- torische Classe, Band LXVI, Heft I—IIL; Archiv fir Oesterreichische Geschichte, Band XLVII, Hefte I—II; Fontes Rerum Austriacarum, (sterreichische Geschichts-Quellen, Band XXII—XXIV.—Tue Imperrat ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, VIENNA.
Monatsbericht der Ko6niglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, November, 1871.—TuHe Royant Prusstan AcaDEMY OF ScrencESs, BERLIN.
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlindischen Gesellschaft, Band XXV, Heft III :—Tue GEerman Ortentan Soctety, LErpzia.
Statistisk Arbog for Kongeriget Norge, af Dr. O. J. Broch, 1870, 1871; Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, XVIII, 1—4; Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, Aar 1869—1870; Den Norske Lods udgiven af den Geografiske Opmaaling, Hefte 8; Salbmagirje (Lappisk Salmebog), Professor J. A. Fris bokte; Christiania Omegans Phanerogamer Og Bregner med Angivelse af Deres udbredelse Samt en Indledning om Vegetationens afhengighed af underlaget af A. Blytt; Le Névé de Justedal et ses Glaciers par C. de Sene; Om Skurings maerker Glacial formationen og Terraser Samt om grundfjeldets og sparagmitfjeldets megtighed 1 Norge, af Professor Theodor Kjerulf; Norges officielle Statistik udgiven 1 aaret 1870, Nos. 1—13.—TuE Royat Norwee@ran UNIVERSITY, CHRISTIANIA.
Anales del Museo Publico de Buenos Aires para dar a Conoger, los objetos de Historia Natural Nuevos 0 Poco Conocidos en este establecimiento por G. Burmeister, Entrega I—IX.—Tue Pusric Museum or Buenos AIRES.
Carcinologiske Bidrag til Norges Fauna af G. O. Sars, Hefte I1—Tne Royal Society OF SCIENCES OF T'RONDHJEM, Norway.
Sanskrta Brahmanda Vivrttih, by Brajasundara Maitra.—Tue AuTHor.
On the Study and Value of Chinese Botanical works, by E. Bretschnei- der.—THE AUTHOR.
The Ramayana, edited by Hema Chandra, Vol. II, Part XIV.—Tue EDITOR. °
68 Additions to Library. . [Aprit, 1872.
Zuma O la Scoptera della China della Contessa di Genlis, tradotta dal francese da Susanna Stefania D’Albiac; Opere del Padre Paolo, Vol. I; The New Testament in Russian; On the Management of Infants, I, in Gujrati; Pravada Mala by the Rev. J. Long ;* Life of George Stephenson, by V. Krishnamachariar ; La Grammaire selon L’Academie, par Bonneu et Lucan; The Proverbs of Solomon, m Hebrew, in Irish and in English ; Proverbs of Solomon in Malayalim Metre by M. J. Cochoocoonjoo; Peeps into Social life in Calcutta, a century ago, by Rev. J. Long; A Practical Grammar of the Dutch Language, by R. Van Der Pyl.—Rerv. J. Lone.
Botanologia. The English Herbal, or History of Plants by W. Sal- mon, M. D.—The British Herbal. An History of Plants and Trees, by J. Hill, M. D.—Theatrum Botanicum. The Theatre of Plants.—Con. A. S. ALLAN.
The Travels of a Hindu by Bholanauth Chunder; Vols. I—II.— GOVERNMENT OF InpIA, HomME DEPARTMENT.
Annual Report on the Administration of the Territories under the Lieut.-Governor of Bengal during 1870-71.—GovEeRNMENT OF BENGAL.
Report on the Administration of the N. W. Provinces for 1870-71. GOVERNMENT OF THE N. W. PROVINCES.
Records of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. V, Part I.—Gznoxoer- CAL SURVEY OFFICE.
Exchange.
‘Nature,’ Nos. 120—122.
‘ Atheneum,’ January 1872.
Purchase.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, No. 49;—American Journal of Science, Nos. 12, 13 ;—KHdinburgh Review, January 1872 ;—Revue des deux Mondes, January 1871 ;—Journal des Savants, December 1871 ;— Comptes Rendus, Nos. 1—2.
POOP IOP DD DODD OD SO
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
FoR _ May, 1872.
The monthly meeting of the Society, was held on Wednesday, the Ist instant, at 9 o’clock P. M.
T. Oldham, LL. D., President, in the chair.
The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.
The following presentations were announced :
1. From Col. J. C. Haughton, C. 8. I.—EHleven silver coins.
Mr. Blochmann observed that these coins all belong to old Bengal kings. They have all been described. Four belong to Ghiasuddin Bahadur Shah, from the Lak’hnauti Mint. The years are unfortunately cut away. Three belong to Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah, and were struck A. H. 744 at Sunnar- gaon, the legend and the margins being clear. Four belong to Shamsuddin Abul Muzaffar Ilyas Shah, and were struck at the Firizabad Mint.
2. From L. Schwendler, Esq.—A copy of ‘ Instructions for testing telegraph lines and technical arrangements in office.’
3. From Dr. Durrant.—An African MS. found at the confluence of the Tshadda and the Niger.
It is an incomplete Arabic Prayer-book in North African characters.
The following gentlemen duly proposed and seconded at the last meet- ing were balloted for, and elected Ordinary Members. W. Heilgers, Esq. Babu Mahimachandra Chakravarti, Burranageur. Babu Niranjana Mukerji. Professor G. B. Airy, Astronomer Royal and President of the Royal Society, proposed by the Council at the last meeting, was elected an Honorary
Member.
70 Day’s Cyprinde.—Hume, on Barmese birds. [ May,
The following are candidates for ballot at the next meeting.
Lieut. J. H. Bourne, Shillong, proposed by Dr. T. Oldham, seconded by Dr. J. Anderson.
W. HE. Brooks, Esq., C. E., Etawah, proposed by Dr. F. Stoliczka, seconded by H. F. Blanford, Esq.
A. Anderson, Esq., Futteghur (for re-election), proposed by Dr. J. Anderson, seconded by Dr. F. Stoliczka.
Capt. M. H. Court, A. D. C. of H. E. the Commander-in-Chief, proposed by the President, seconded by Col. H. Hyde.
The Council recommended that Professor Thomas Huxley be elected an Honorary Member of the Society, in appreciation of the great services which Professor Huxley has rendered to Natural history by his very numerous original researches, and his truly philosophical treatment of the homologies in the various organisms, both recent and fossil, comprising the animal king- dom. They would also prominently notice Professor Huxley’s services in treating Natural History Science as an essential part of every man’s gene- ral education. .
The Council have elected Col. H. Hyde, a member of the Finance Committee, and Capt. J. Waterhouse, a member of Council in the place of Col. Tennant.
The Hon’ble W. Markby intimated his resignation as member of the Society, and Mr. W. C. Ayrton resigned on leaving India.
The following papers were read—
1.— Monograph of Indian Cyprinide, Part V.—by Surgeon F. Day.
This is the concluding portion of Dr. Day’s detailed descriptions of Indian Cyprimde ; it includes the Gobitine. The next part will contain additions to the previous parts, and will also treat of the geographical distribution of the entire family as represented in Indian waters.
Il.—Wote on a few species of Barmese birds,—by A. O. Hume, C. B. (Received 22nd April, 1872.)
Amongst a small collection of birds sent me from Thayet-myo, and which I owe to the kindness of Capt. Fielden, 21st Hassars, I find two species which I have never yet seen, and which, though possibly well known, appear to me to be new. The first is a merlin, a wonderful link between Lithofalco Gsalon and Chiquera typus, Bon., and supposing it to be new, I propose for it the name of
Lithofaleo Fieldeni, or Fielden’s Merlin.
In both sexes the mantle is dark ashy blue (darkest in the female), and the rump and upper tail coverts pure white. Central tail feathers black, with a few white spots, laterals white, broadly barred with black. Quills
1872. | Stoliceka, on Kachh Reptiles. rei
blackish brown, or black (the later, secondaries and tertiaries, more or less tinged slaty) with a few small white spots on the outer webs, and numer- ous broad white bars on the inner webs. The chin, throat and whole lower surface, including wing lining, white, some of the feathers of the throat with narrow central brown shaft stripes, and those of the sides and upper abdomen with broad grey brown dashes. Forehead, lores and feathers round the eye, greyish white with dark shafts, rest of the top, back and sides of the head, and upper back, 7m the male, pale slatey blue (each feather with a linear dark shaft stripe,) with traces of an albescent nuchal half collar, in the female, rich chestnut, extending in some specimens on to the shoulder of the wing. ‘This extraordinary difference between the males and females puzzles me greatly, but Capt. Fielden has marked the sexes, and I have no reason to doubt his accuracy.
The legs, feet, cere, gape, are all bright yellow, the bill and claws blackish horny.
The dimensions taken from the dry skin are :—
Female. Length from 11 to 12 inches ; wing 5°6 ; tail 5°5 ; tarsus 1°45.
Male. Length 10 to 11; wing 5:8 ; tail, 5 ; tarsus, 1°3 inch.
The other species is a Micropternus, distinct, it seems to me from phavoceps, gularis and badius, but most nearly allied to the former. As compared with phaioceps, the head is less brown, the pale margins of the throat feathers are broader and more conspicuous, the general colour is brighter and the bird is somewhat larger. I am in doubt as to whether this race merits specific separation ; should it be held to do so, it may stand as MW. Barmanicus.
From this same collection I find that Hierococcyx strenuus (Gould) inhabits Thayetmyo, (Gould gives it from Manilla), and that Picws peec- toralis, Blyth, the habitat of which was unknown to Blyth, also belongs to this locality. This latter species is very close to Picus analis, and is stated by Jerdon to be identical with it, (Ibis, 1872, p. 7).
IIIl.—Notes on the Reptilian and Amphibian Fauna of Kachh,—
by Dr. F. STOLiczKa. [Received 27th March, 1872. ]
A recent official visit to one of the most eastern of our feudatory provinces gave me an opportunity of collecting a few notes on some interesting species of Reptiles. The Province of Kachh lies South-east of Sind, between the eastern branches of the Indus and Kathiwar, being separated from the neighbouring countries by the Run, formerly a branch of the sea, but now mostly covered with a saline efflorescence, being only locally during the rainy season imun- dated. Thus isolated, Kachh, with a few of the Run-islands, forms a small geographical province by itself, but practically its fauna is of the desert
72 Stoliceka, on Kachh Reptiles. [May,
type, like that of Sind, Southern Panjab and Kathiwér. Consequently I shall have to notice several forms of purely African character, which are quite foreign to our eastern provinces, like Bengal.
Of some of the physical peculiarities of the country, T shall speak on kdb occasion, in connexion with the avifauna of the province. I have at present only to notice that nearly all the species, placed on record, had been collected in the northern, moderately hilly part of Kachh, and along the Run, where locally a somewhat richer vegetation exists. But few species were met with along the sea coast near Mandavi, and these agree with Bengal forms, such as Tiliqua carinata and macularia, &c. The collection was made between November and Feb- ruary, in the cold and dry, and consequently very unfavourable, season for the existence of many reptilian or amphibian forms. This will explain the com- paratively small number of species noticed ; for I have little doubt that the number might easily be doubled, if a careful collection were made during the rainy season. At that time, I heard, snakes for instance, are very abundant and in great variety, while during the winter I have met with hardly more than half a dozen. Of Batrachia actually only Rana cyanophlyctis was common. Of Testudinata a species of Hmyda is common in tanks, &c., and a small Testudo, very like Z. Grayi, Giinther, is very rare. Among the Sauria I obtained, however, several interesting and very rare forms, such as the new genus Blepharosteres, Brachysaura ornata, a new Gymnodactylus, &. A species of Orocodile occurs in the brackish streams, but I have not suc- ceeded in getting a specimen.
The characteristic species of the Reptilian fauna of Kachh are: Ophiops Jerdoni, Gymnops microlepis, Sitana Ponticeriana, Calotes ver- sicolor, Uromastia Hardwickiu, Hemidactylus maculatus, Gymnodactylus Kachhensis, Zamenis diadema, and EKchis carinata. 'These are the only common species during the cold season, and I would draw special attention to two or three of them.
Gymnops microlepis, BIf., was up to the present time known from the solitary type found at Korba in the Central Provinces, and a few other specimens were found by me at Kuhurbali in West Bengal. In Kachh, it is hardly possible to move a step without meeting this
lizard. We are, therefore, justified to regard this part of the country as its head-quarters, and further to suspect that its geographical distri- bution is gradually extending into India.—Again, Brachysaura ornata was named from a single specimen, found nearly twenty years ago by Jerdon at Saugor, Central India, and all efforts on the part of Dr. Jerdon, and others, to re-discover this remarkable form failed, until I met with several specimens in Kachh ; thus its head-quarters appear to be westward.— Hemidactylus Kachhensis has its nearest allies in H. scaber and Kotchyi, which are
African and Persian forms. Excepting G. triedrus of Ceylon there is not
1872. ] Stoliceka, on Kachh Reptiles. 73
one Gymnodactylus of that type known from the eastern parts of India ; it is, therefore, very probable that these forms have come from the West.— Uromastiz is an entirely African, or western, form, but penetrated as far eastward as the Ganges, and so did Sitana Ponticeriana, at the same time spreading into South India.—The new generic form Blepharosteres can only be compared with the eastern European Ablepharus.—Zamenis diadema has its headquarters in Arabia, Persia, and Sind.—The deadly Echis carinata and Psammosaurus scincus claim W. Africa as their home.
Without accumulating examples, I think, the idea recommends itself, that animals have preceded men in their wanderings from the West to the East. However, it must be borne in mind that all these forms pro- ceeded eastward only as long they found suitable physical conditions and suitable climate.
SAURTA. VARANIDE. 1. VARANUS DRACmENA, L.
Not common, but occurring throughout Kachh. Young and adults have 90 to 100 transverse rows of shields between gular fold and groin. The adult (up to 5 feet in length) lives in narrow crevices of rocks, while the young is more often seen near houses. The latter is extremely variable in colour: grey, or dark brown, with numerous irregular, narrow, black cross bands and streaks, or rows of dark spots, with interspersed yellow spots or rosets, arranged in more or less regular transverse series; tail towards the end tinged bright yellow, or orange red. There is a conspicuous dark stripe from the eye to above the ear ; chin more or less distinctly dark banded. All these markings are more or less indistinct, or become even obsolete, in the adult, except the dark stripe behind the eye. The scales on the upper neck generally have distinct rounded tubercles on them. The species appears to be almost quite as much terrestrial in its habitat, as the next.
2. VARANUS (PsAMMosauRUS) scrncus, Merrem.
V. griseus, Daud.—V. arenarius, Geoff.—V. ornatus, Carlleyle, J, A. S. B., xxxviii. Pt. ii, 1869, p. 192.—Jerdon, Proc. A, S. B., 1870, p. 71.
Somewhat rare, occasionally seen near villages.—Both this and the young of the former species, which are not very dissimilar in colouration, are throughout Western India known under the name of Bis-cobra or Chanden-gé. They are dreaded by Natives and Europeans alike, who believe their bite to be deadly, for which there is of course no reason to be assigned, unless it should happen that the animal gets very excited, and then its saliva may possibly become poisonous. But natives often died, not because they were bitten by a really poisonous reptile, but because they firmly believe that the reptile was a poisonous one.
74 Stoliceka, on Kachh Reptiles. [May,
LaAcERTIDE.
3. GYMNOPS MICROLEPIS, BIf.
Comp. Journ. A. 8. B., vol. xli, 1872, p. 90.
An extremely common species throughout Kachh, frequenting sandy and moderately rocky ground between low brushwood. ‘The largest specimen measures 8 inches. I have examined hundreds of specimens, and never no- ticed any essential variations in structure or colour from the typical form, described by Blanford.
4. Opniops JERDONI, Blyth.
Not common, but generally distributed throughout Kachh. I have noted the variations of this species in another paper (Journ. A. S. B. vol. xl, 1872 p. 89). The form which inhabits Kachh is, like the one from the Panjab, generally smaller, and is also a little more slender,* than that found on the continent of India, North of Agra, but there is not the least difference in structure and coloration of the two. Some specimens have only 5 or6 femoral pores on either side of the thigh, and they are rather widely separated in the preanal region, but this is evidently a character variable with age and sex. The largest specimen measures 4 inches, the body being nearly 1:25 inches.
SCINCIDH.
BLEPHAROSTERES, n. gen.
Body slender, covered with smooth scales; head-shields as regular as in Mocoa; nostril in a single shield, lateral ; without a trace of an eyelid and without external ear; no teeth on the palate and the palatal notch situated behind the level of the eye ; feet short, each with five toes, denticulate below ; claws small. |
This genus belongs to the Gymnopthalmous division of the Scine family, but differs from most of them by the total absence of an external ear. It may, in short, be characterised as a Mocoa without eyelids and ears.
5. BLEPHAROSTERES GRAYANUS, Nn. sp. °
Body slender, shorter than the tail, moderately depressed. Snout obtuse ; rostral reaches the top of head and is broader than high ; anterior frontal single, hexagonal, broadly in contact with the rostral, but narrowly with the vertical ; posterior frontals separated, each a little smaller than the anterior frontal, and in contact with a small shield on the upper anterior angle of the eye ; vertical elongate, subquadrangular, the posterior sides the longer ones ; three superciliary shields, followed by two small ones, obliquely descending on the temporal region; anterior occipital single, pentagonal, pointed in front, and behind forming a suture with the small suboval median
* The number of scales rouud the body being, therefore, generally only 26 to 28, rarely 30.
1872.] Stoliczka, on Kachh Reptiles. 75
occipital, behind which the two elongated post-occipitals also form a suture ; nasal single, lateral, followed by a postnasal; one elongately quadrangular loreal ; two rows of small shields round the anterior upper and _ posterior edge of the eye; one small postocular, followed a little higher up by a large temporal, in contact with the last upper labial and the post-occipital; a few enlarged shields behind the occipitals ; 18-20 longitudinal rows of scales round the middle of the body, and 86—88 transverse rows between the fore and hind limb; 7 upper labials, the 5th longest, under the eye, the last highest ; 6 lower labials ; first chin-shield single, followed by 8 pairs, of which only the first forms a suture; two preanal shields enlarged ; subcaudals in one row, enlarged, and very numerous. The fore limb when laid forward reaches the angle of the mouth, and the hind-limb is three fifths the distance between it and the fore-limb.
Colour, above, olive green, with a very distinct metallic lustre, a little darker at the sides, speckled with black and gradually passing into the uni- form greenish white lower side ; shields on head with faint dark markings ; “a silvery green narrow band passes from the superciliary edge to the base of the tail, it is edged with black below, but gradually lost on the tail, which is paler than the body and with a pink tinge. Limbs brown above, marked with rows of white spots ; lower portions of upper labials white.
The larger of two specimens measures : total length 2°8 inch., head and body 1:25 ; tail 1:65, reproduced at tip ; fore-limb 0:3, hind-limb 0°45 inches.
I procured the only two specimens on a sandy place between tufts of grass in the Wagegur district, in the North-eastern part of Kachh.
I have great pleasure in connecting with this interesting new form the name of our veteran herpetologist Dr. J. E. Gray.
6-7. HEuprepes [Trr1gua] CARINATUS and MACULARIUS.
(Comp; J) ALS. B.; xli, Pt. 17, 1872; ps 117.)
Both occur but rarely, except along the sea coast, particularly among palm groves. The first named species grows to 12 inches, the scales are three- keeled, and the coloration typical, with yellowish white edges to the back.
In & macularia the scales are mostly seven-keeled, the colour is uniform olive brown, with or without dark spots, the sides pale olive with a few white spots on neck, or they are throughout black and white dotted, the stripes at the side of the tail are, however, always well marked ; below pale yellowish white. The largest specimen observed only measures 5 inches, which is the usual size of Central Indian specimens.
8. EuMEcEs TzNrioLaTus (Blyth).
Mabouia teniolata, Bl, apud Anderson, Proc. A. 8. B., 1871, p. 184,
I procured two live specimens of this very rare lizard at the little village Urira in North-western Kachh. ‘The structure entirely agrees with the very detailed description given by Anderson, only in one of the specimens the fore-
76 Stoliczka, on Kachh Reptiles. [May,
limb, when laid forward, does not quite reach the anterior angle of the eye, while the length of the hind-limb is very nearly one half the distance between it and the fore-limb ; total length 7 inches, head and body together being just half of it. The colour is pale fulvous brown, above minutely speckled with dark and tinged with olive on the head ; a dark brown central band origina- ting at top of head and continuing to the root of the tail is irregularly speckled with yellowish white ; a second dark brown band originates behind the nasal and extends along each side of the body to the groin, it is spotted with white and gradually fades towards the belly ; lower side yellowish, with a distinct yellow tinge on the throat, on the sides of the belly, about the hind limbs and the root of the tail; labials white with dark sutures; limbs above pale brown and spotted with white; tail speckled with dark at the sides.
The other specimen measures 8} inch., the body being 33. Its colour is quite similar to the first, but of darker hue on the back, and the tail is dark spotted above, and at the sides. A third specimen, besides the two types in the Museum, was collected by Dr. Jerdon in Northern Panjab.
SEPSID 2.
9. SPHENOCEPHALUS TRIDACTYLUS, Blyth.
Journ, A. 8. B., xxii, 654.—Giinther, I. R., 98.—Jerdon, Proc. A. 8. B., 1870, 74.
Not common. In Blyth’s description, it should be noted that the inner toe on each limb is the shortest; on the fore-limb the two outer ones are subequal, but on the hind-limb the outer is conspicuously longer than the median one. Scales in 20 longitudinal rows round the middle of the body, and in about 82 transverse rows between fore and hind-limb. -Head- shields: rostral triangular, the supranasals form a suture behind it, and there is a small postnasal present, in contact with second labial ; anterior frontal septagonal ; posterior frontals separated from each other, irregularly five-sided, much pointed behind ; vertical large, sub-quadrilateral, forming a short straight suture with the anterior frontal and a waved one with the somewhat smaller occipital, which is subtriangular, narrowed posteriorly and rounded at the end; there is no loreal present, but one elongated anteocular, two or three small supra-oculars, one elongated narrow infra-ocular and two squarish post-oculars, followed by three largish temporals, the lowest in con- tact with the last labial ; eye very small, lower eyelid transparent ; six upper labials, lst very small, 5th largest, below the eye, sometimes split in two shields ; six narrow lower labials gradually increasing in length ; inferior rostral rounded behind, followed by two single chin-shields, of which the second is more than twice the size of the first and obtusely pointed behind, and there are four pairs of enlarged chin-shields besides. A pair of enlarged preanal shields. Subcaudals moderately large.
-
1872. ] Stoliczka, on Kachh Reptiles. 77
Pale brown, darker above, and each scale generally with a blackish dot ; head, above, and feet distinctly yellow, and the pale whitish underside more or less tinged with yellow. Length of a specimen 4°5, head and body being 2°9 ; fore-limb 0:25, hind-limb 0°6 inches.
AGAMIDA.
10. Srrana PONTICERIANA.
Comp. J. A. S. B., 1872, xli, p. 108.
I refer under this name to the species with unequal scales on the side ofthe body. It is very common between low brushwood throughout Kachh.
The specimens perfectly agree in structure and colour with those from Central India, N. W. Provinces and the Panjab, and I also got similar spe- cimens in the Dakhin at Pina. My largest specimen (out of several hun- dreds of all sizes) measures 7°5 inches, of which head and body are only two. The hind leg sometimes only extends a little beyond the eye, in other speci- mens it reaches somewhat beyond the snout, but in the young often half an inch beyond it. Not in a single specimen does the fore-limb reach the vent, generally only to the groin, when laid back.
11. Canores versiconor, (1. R., p. 140). °
Very common, and the only species of this genus I met with. As usually, the colours are very variable. In full grown specimens (about 15-16 inches) the scales at the side of the body are often twice as wide as those on the belly, and the keels become nearly obsolete on the former.
Large specimens are usually fulvous brown, on the anterior part of the body tinged with red ; the posterior part has blackish confluent spots, which are also well marked on the tail ; throat reddish, neck below and at the sides bluish, lips often blackish ; cheeks very much swollen, as in Charasia.
‘12. Bracuysaura ornata, Blyth. Journ. A. S. B., xxv, p. 448.—Gtinther, Ind. Rept., p. 161. Jerdon, Proc. A. 8. B., 1870, p. 78.
Blyth’s description of this remarkable lizard,* though brief, is so char- acteristic, that the species could hardly be mistaken for anything else. I have obtained five specimens of various sizes.
Exactly as Blyth says, it is a Calotes with enormous head, this being short and blunt, moderately concave above, with the superciliary ridges strongly projecting ; body stout and thick, tail thick at base, rapidly attenu- ating towards the end, shorter or equal in length to the body.
Head above covered with largish, irregular, keeled shields, a roset- like group of slightly larger ones being noticeable in the middle of the occiput, and two other similar groups are placed httle posteriorly on either side ; two groups of spines above the tympanum, each with one principal spine ; some en-
* The only type specimen appears to have been lost,
78 Stoliczhka, on Kachh Reptiles. [May,
larged keeled scales at the side of the head, between the eye and the ear, one particularly large one being conspicuous near the upper anterior edge of the tympanum, which is large, obliquely oval, but without any other spmes at its edge; nostrils lateral, in a single shield. All scales keeled, those of the back larger than those of the belly, the difference in size being, however, much less apparent in the young than it is in the adult; in the latter the keels become almost obsolete on the lower side. A distinct nuchal crest is present ; it is composed of single laminz, and is continued to the base of the tail as a low crest of sharply carinated and pointed, but not enlarged scales. The latter are imbricated on the body, their points being directed backwards and upwards ; and they are arranged in oblique transverse series, about 45 of them being in one row between fore and hind-limb ; 54-58 long- itudinal series round the middle of the body. On the tail the scales are also imbricate, and are arranged in alternating longitudinal series. About 27 upper and as many lower labials, all finely but distinctly pitted. The upper rostral is small like the upper labials, and there are three or four rows of scales between the latter and the lower eyelid ; the lower rostral is much larger, pentagonal, produced and pointed behind, and followed by several small shields. None of my specimens shew any enlarged femoral, or preanal, or subcaudal shields, and none have a trace of any kind of pores. Throat fold distinct, simple.
The young is olive or pinkish brown, with a dark brown band between the eyes, three spots on the snout and dark marblings on the side of the occiput ; two subquandrangular spots on nape and neck, four on the back and three or four on the base of the tail, gradually passing into incomplete dark bands, of which there are about twelve. All the dark spots on head and back are margined with pinkish white, and the two spots on neck are bounded by two parallel white lines. Corresponding to the dorsal dark spots there is a row of similar spots at the side of the body, and the whole forms a sort of transverse band. Lips dark spotted ; a bright yellowish oblique band from below the eye to the angle of the mouth; cheeks brown; extremities above brown banded. Below, yellowish white, spotted with dark and tinged with red on the chin and throat ; gular fold bright reddish blue. In the adult the dark bands and spots are much less distinct, and sometimes almost en- tirely disappear, but many of the scales are distinctly yellowish, and the red colour on the chin is brighter.
Total length. Head. Tail. Fore-limb. Huind-limb.
Youne, .20uisi.c. 3°5 0:65 1°6 0-9 1:25 Adolescent, ...... 465 0:75 2°25 1:15 1:50 Adulthiy ayaus. 6°65 4021810 1.6 2°25
The fore-limb, when laid back, fully or very nearly reaches the groin, and the hind-limb, when laid forward, extends a little beyond the gular fold. | The third and fourth fingers are subequal, but the fourth hind toe is one ©
1872. ] Stoliczka, on Kachh Reptiles. 79
third longer than the third. The claws are moderate, but much stronger on the fingers than on the toes, and all are blackish above,
This is a true ground lizard, sluggish in its habits. It often sits quietly on a stone, the head turned to one side and does not move unless forcibly pushed from its place ; and even then it shews very little activity.
There is no doubt that the.genus Brachysawra is most closely allied to Trapelus, agreeing with this in the general form of body and coloration, but differing from it by the occipital spines. In this respect it agrees with Agama, but has a stouter body and shorter tail, no longitudinal fold on the throat, and the edge of tympanum without any spines. However, it is difficult to say which species should be regarded as the type of Agama, and all the genera of the ground-Agamideé require a thorough revision. It only differs from Calotes by the stout, rather depressed, body, short tail, and by its terrestrial habits.
GECKOTIDA.
18. Hemipactrytus Cocramr. (Comp. J. A. 8. B., xli, 1872, p. 198).
Tolerably common, both in houses and among crevices of rocks, through- out Kachh and the adjoining Run island.
14. H. macunarus, (ibidem, p. 94).
Very common ; colour ashy, or light brown, with darker spots.
15. H. LescHenavrri, (ibidem, p. 97).
I only obtained two specimens of this species in the Wagur district, and saw no others ; it must be very rare.
16. GymNopactyLus KACHHENSIS, n. sp.
Head rather high, with the snout moderately produced and obtusely rounded ; rostral longer than high, groved above; nostrils lateral, directed upwards, immediately behind the rostral, and followed by three small shields ; snout above covered with largish, subcarinated shields ; top and sides of head with small granular scales between which larger rounded ones are intermixed ; body covered with 12-14 longitudinal rows of enlarged, trihedral, very sharp- ly keeled tubercles, separated by two or three rows of small granular scales from each other, and each large tubercle is only little smaller than the open- ing of the ear. Tail rather depressed, verticillate, with six rows of large sharply keeled tubercles (none along the centre) ; limbs above also with large tubercles ; 11-12 upper labials, the last two or three very small; eight or nine lower labials ; inferior rostral large, posteriorly pointed ; two pairs of enlarged chin-shields, followed by a row of conspicuously enlarged shields along the labials ; scales on throat rounded, very small; those of the belly larger, in 28-30 longitudinal series and separated on either side from the upper tubercular region by about six rows of much smaller shields; 4-8 preanal pores in a curved, uninterrupted, series in the male, (no femoral pores
80 Stoliczka, on Kachh Reptiles. [May,
present), subcaudals two rowed, slightly enlarged and somewhat irregularly alternating. Toes long and slender, the two last joints separated from the preceding by a very marked thickening, provided with two thickened transverse lamellz on the lower side.
Colour, above, ashy grey, indistinctly marbled with dark on the head ; 8-10 transverse dark bands on the body, composed of more or less confluent spots, and alternating in breadth, the first band on the neck is curved back- wards, and is the continuation of a short dark stripe originating at the pos- terior edge of the eye; tail above with about twelve or fourteen dark bands. It often occurs that these’ dark bands are not well defined, except on the tail ; in some specimens only five bands or rows of spots are seen on the body, and in many they are entirely absent, the colour being quite uniform ashy. Lips dark spotted: Below, uniform whitish, tinged with yellow on the pos- terior half of the body. Young specimens are dark brown, minutely speckled with white, or pinkish.
The fore-limb does not reach the groin, when laid back, but extends to the tip of snout, when laid forward ; and the hind-limb reachesthe ear. The usual size of full grown specimens is about 4 inches, head and body being 1:7 and tail 2°3 inches.
Common throughout Kachh, mostly in crevices of rocks, and very rare- ly seen in houses.
The species is evidently closely allied to the Ceylonese G. triedrus, Ginther (Ind. Rept. p. 118), but differs from it by the presence of preanal pores, the distinct thickenings at the base of the two terminal joints of the toes, and by its colouration.
Another species with which it can be compared is the African G. scaber, or geckoides,* but judging from Dum. and Bibron’s description of that species,
* The Panjab form which has been found by Theobald, and which he and Blyth (J. A. S. B., xxii, 410) quote under the name of G. geckoides, the latter adding ‘ perhaps anew species,’ is no doubt distinct from the African form, but it is to all appearance identical with G. caspius. In general character it is allied to Kachhensis,but the shields on the top and sides of head are coarser and carinated, the enlarged tubercles on the body larger and closer together, in about 12 longitudinal series, separated by one or two rows of minute granular scales, andeach of the trihedral tubercles is as large as the opening of the ear ; tail verticillate,above withsimilar sharply keeled tubercles ; a row of enlarged subcaudals; about eleven upper and eight to nine lower labials; two pairs of enlarged chin- shields, 18-20 longitudinal rows of scales across the belly, with several rows of small scales at the sides ; 32-34 femoral pores, continuous in the preanal region. The fore- limb reaches to half the length of the snout, or the end of it, and the hind-limb is some- what more than half the length of head and body. The colour resembles Kachhensis, there being five or six indistinct transverse rows of dark brown spots. on the upper side. All the specimens in the Museum are very much shrunk, but I can see no essential distinction between them and the description and figure given by Hichwald of his G. caspius in Nouy. Mem. Soc. Moscow &c., tome VII, 1841, p. 114, pl. xv, and alse
a
1872. | Stoliczka, on Kachh Reptiles. 81
g, rather imperfect, figures, the Kachh form is to be dis- tinguished by having the trihedral tubercles on the back smaller, the hmbs shorter, the subcaudals two rowed and only moderately enlarged.
A third very closely allied form is the Western Asiatic G. Kotschyt, Steindachner (Sitzb. Akad. Wien, M. N. Klasse, lxii, 1870, p. 829). Accord- ing the description and figure of this species, the Kachh form differs by its slenderer and more depressed form, a slightly longer snout which is covered with rather large sharpened tubercles, by slenderer and longer limbs, a greater number of labials, two rowed subcaudals &e.
and the few existing
UROMASTICID&.
17. Uromastrx Harpwicku, Gray.
Giinther, Ind. Rep. p. 155.
Common in open sandy localities.
Not only the snout is covered with shields, but as a rule also the head above, between the eyes and the anterior part of the occiput.
The general colour is yellowish, with cinereous ill-defined spots and a dense irregular reticulation of brown; a few blackish streaks radiate from the eye, and a short streak proceeds from the angle of the mouth to the base of the ear ; below, yellowish white, chin and throat and the sides of the lower head generally with irregular dark spots and stripes ; a bluish black spot on the inner side of the femora appears to be always present. The largest speci- men measures 15 inches, the body being 9 inches, (head alone 1), tail 6, fore foot to tip of claws 2°5 ; hind foot 3°75 ; free portion of fourth toe 0.9 inches.
There is a particular class of people employed in catching these reptiles, which are by some inhabitants esteemed as an article of food. The animals live in holes and are herbivorous, as noted by Theobald. (Comp. Cat. Rept. Asiat. Soc. Mus., p. 29). There are several interesting pomts in their anatomy, and I trust to have an early opportunity in noticing these.
CHAMELEONTID&.
18. CHAMELEO CrYLONIcUS, Laur.
With regard to some peculiarities in the structure of the Indian Cha- meleon, 1 refer to my note in Proc. Asiat. Soc. B., for 1870, p. 1. The specimens found in Kachh entirely agree in this respect with those found on the Continent of India. The species is not common, on account of the scarcity of vegetation in Kachh generally. I met with it only on a few places along the Run, (at Jora, Sumrasir and Lodai).
In one specimen which I kept for some time alive, I have noted the following variations of colour. When the animal was undisturbed, the
from the account in Dumeril’s Cat. Rept. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris. p. 45. Hichwald’s figure gives only one pair of enlarged chinshields.
82 Stoliczka, on Kachh Reptiles. { May,
general colour was green, brighter on the head and changing to brown about the eyes, yellowish at the sides of the belly. Several dark yellow streaks radiated from the eye; of two streaks, originating at the hind- edge of the eye, the upper proceeded to the posterior end of the crest, and there was also a yellow streak from the lower edge of the eye very conspi- cuous ; numerous small yellow spots on the back, extending on the sides ; from neck to sacral region were eight transverse pale greenish bands visible, edged with bright yellow, and alternating with several whitish, irregularly placed, spots at the sides ; tail with indistinct transverse bands ; labials from below the eye to the angle of the mouth whitish ; lower crest pure white. J have not noticed any longitudinal lateral bands. This colouration clearly exhibits some differences from the one generally given of the African Ch. vulgaris, and I am inclined to retain the two as distinct species. One female, the body of which measures 5°5 and the tail 6:25 inches, had on 3rd November twenty-two eggs, each O'8 of an inch long and a little more than 0-4 inch thick. Another female with the body 4°2 inch. had only eleven eggs. In spirits the general colour of the body turns in time to uniform grass green. The chameleon is called sdsamba by the natives.
OPHIDLIA.
19. TypHiops BraMiInus, Daud. (see J. A. S. B., xl, 1871, p. 425).
20. ZAMENIS VENTRIMACULATUS, Gray, (ind. Rept. p. 253).
Not a common species ; it is found on the ground between brush-wood. The anterior frontals are in Kachh specimens generally considerably smaller than the posterior, and the ante-ocular does not always reach the vertical.
The very young snake (about 8 inches long) has the head remarkably pointed, the rostral shield being projecting in front and flattened above; the two pairs of frontals are nearly equal. In one specimen there are portions of the fourth and fifth labials detached, forming a third long ante- or rather sub-ocular. The back has along the centre a distinct yellowish white band, interrupted by somewhat broader blackish spots. The other dark spots are only indicated.
Jn the adult the bands on top of head are sometimes quite indistinct,
and are represented by irregular marblings ; the cross dark bands become less distinct on the posterior part of the body and entirely disappear on the tail ; the dark spots at the sides of the ventrals are occasionally scarcely traceable, while the angle of the same shields is usually indicated by a thin dark line, and the colour between the two lines is bluish or pale ashy white, but it is pure white, or yellowish white, at the sides of the ventrals. In one specimen, measuring 86 inches, I count 208 ventrals and 118 subeaudals.
21. ZAMENIS DIADEMA, Schleg. (Ind. Rep. p. 252).
Common throughout Kachh, particularly about the towns and villages.
e
1872.] Stoliczka, on Kachh Reptiles. 83
Dr. Tatham obtained specimens for me, measuring considerably over six feet in length. All the adults have 29 rows of scales, and the posterior frontals are sometimes altogether replaced by smaller shields. A male adult is really a beautiful snake when alive: bright pinkish red above, with brilliant bluish black marblings, and the head of the same colour, neck - bright blood red above, more or less spotted with black; the whole of the under side coral red with more or less distinct dark marks, (Comp. Anderson in Proc. Z. 8. for 1871, p 174).
22. PSAMMOPHIS CONDANURUS, Merr. -
Giinther, Rept. Ind. p. 291.—Stoliczka, Jour,, A. S. B., vol. xxxix, p. 96, and vol. xl, p. 438.
23. Psammoruts Lerrut, Ginther, Proc. Z. S., 1869, p- 505.
Since the publication of my notes on P. condanurus, I have obtained two - young specimens of the form described by Gunther as Leith. The nostril is distinctly between two shields. It appears to be a slenderer form than ~ the Indian condanurus, but I am not certain that the characters are suffi- ciently constant, im order to retain the Western form as a distinct species.
I can point out three somewhat different types, but it yet remains to be seen whether they will prove to be distinct species, or mere varieties.
a. Ps. condanurus. Head moderately elongate ; snout subconical ; ante- rior frontal shields considerably narrowed anteriorly ; vertical moderately con- tracted ; loreal one and a half, or very nearly twice, as long as broad; the two nasal shields are above the nostril very often united; one, very rarely two, temporals in contact with the post-oculars.—The general colowr is isabelline or greenish brown, with the yellowish bands begining on the supraciliary region very narrow. I have examined specimens, identical in every respect, from South India, the N. W. Provinces at the base of the hills, Bengal and
Barma. f. Ps. Leith. Head elongate, narrow; anterior frontals very small,
barely half the size of the posterior ; vertical narrow and very much contract- ed in the middle ; nostril between two shields ; loreal cuneiform, narrower in front, and its length slightly more than the height near the posterior edge ; a single temporal in contact with the postoculars—General colowr olive brown, darker above than at the sides, with pinkish pale yellow bands ; sides of neck very distinctly yellow. Chin, more or less spotted with blackish ; median part of ventrals bright brownish yellow. This is known from Sind and Kachh. I met with it on the ground between low bushes.
y. Ps. condanurus, (an Sindanus). Head shields, above, like in the last form; nasal between two shields; loreal very long,nearly equally high through- out, its length being somewhat more than double its height ; generally nine labials present, the second and third being replaced by three shields; two temporals always in contact with the postoculars.—General colour pale olive brown, with the light bands very indistinct, being on the body only indicated
84 Stoliczka, on Kachh Reptiles. [ May,
by alternating series of black dots which in the other forms separate the dark from the light coloration. The pale pinkish olive band on the supraciliary ridge is as broad as in Lethiz, while the brown band through the eye is moderately _ narrow ; lips and chin spotted with black. There is a double dark line on each side of the ventrals which are olive pink in the middle. In one speci- men, measuring 44 inch., of which the tail is 18.25 inch, there are 188 ven- trals and 111 sub-caudals. I found this variety im Kachh, and Dr. Day obtained it in Sind near Sakkar. One specimen from Sind had swallowed a large Trap. megalonyx.
24. Eryx Jonni, (Ind. Rept. p. 334).
Common ; nocturnal in its habit and feeding chiefly on worms. It is entirely confined to the low sandy parts of the country.
The young are often pale coral red, uniform or with indistinct dark con- fluent spots along the back, and 5-6 imperfect black bands towards the end of the body ; much paler below. The old snakes are generally uniform red- dish brown above, often with a lilac tinge. The tail in the adult becomes erroded and worn off naturally, (so as to resemble the head), not from mu- tilation by snake-charmers.
It is scarcely necessary to repeat that the capture of this desert species at 9800 feet in Sikkim by Messrs. Schlagintweit rests upon mere imagination.
25. Nasa TRIPUDIANS.
Said to be common during the rainy season, but I only saw it on two or three occasions during the winter months. A quite black variety occurs on Pacham and in the other Run islands.
26. EcHis cartnara, Schneid.
Dr. Ginther noted the identity of the African H. arenicola with the In- dian snake (Proc. Z. 8., 1869, p. 502), about which there can, I think, be no doubt. Among a very large number of specimens I select three for measure- ment : °
Total length. Scales round the body. Ventrals. Subcaudals,
WONHY, 3 < ss 10 inches, 30 a7 1 38 Half grown, 15 9 32 168 30 Full grown, 24 ie 33 169 21
The supraciliary edge is quite as often entire, as it is scaly.
The keels on the obliquely directed lateral scales are crenated, and the hissmg noise of the snake is produced by rubbing these scales against each other (Comp. Fayrer in Calcutta Medical Gazette, for Decb. 1870, p. 241). The lateral semilunar white stripes form in adults a continuous undula- ting band.
The snake is extremely common all through Kachh, and although often found in houses, I scarcely heard of a single case of a bite which, as Dr. Fayrer (loc. cit. p. 241) has shewn, is fatal. I handled numerous specimens myself, having generally found them under stones, and they
1872. ] Stoliczka, on Sind Reptiles. 85
required a great deal of irritation and disturbance, till they actually struck, though by ther movements and hissing noise they were always ready to shew their fierceness. They are nocturnal in their habit, and almost exclusively feed on insects.
BATRACHTIA.
I have met with only four species :—
27. RANA CYANOPHLYCTIS, is generally distributed over the whole of Kachh; it is to be seen in almost every pool of fresh, and even partially brackish, water.
28. Rana TIGRINA, is much rarer. I only found it m a few secluded localities, such as hollows or caves along the banks of rivers. It is called mendak which is, I think, the usual name for a frog.
29. Rana LYMNOCHARIS, Bole, ( = gracilis, Wiegm.) was only met with once at Mandavi, near the sea in a pool of water between palm trees.
30. Buro MELANOSTICTUS ; common.
TV.—Nores on REPTILES, COLLECTED BY SurRGEON F. Day In Sryp,— by Dr. F. Sroniczka.
The Reptiles, which I shall notice im the following pages, were col- lected by Dr. Day on his recent tour* in connection with the investigations regarding the fisheries in Sind. The country visited by Dr. Day lies chiefly along the right bank of the Indus between Karachi and Sakkar. At the latter place he was energetically assisted by the Civil Officer at the station, Mr. H. E. Watson. Although chiefly made at a rather unfavourable time of the year, the collection contains several very interesting species. Among the Sauria I may notice a new species of Hremias, the first as yet known from our Indian possessions; a second equally imteresting species is Giinther’s Trapelus megalonyx, and a few others. Among the Ophidia I shall de- scribe a new species of Hydrophis, and note some peculiarities in adult speci- mens of the rare H. curtus, both from Karachi. As regard several other species the record of accurate localities is important.
Among Batrachia the only frog in the collection is 2. cyanophlyctis, some of the specimens measuring, however, fully three inches.
SAU RIA.
1. Varanus (PsamMosaurus) scrincus, Merr. Common.
2. AcanrHopactyLus Canroris, Ginther.
For an account of the variations in structure and colour, I refer to Journ. A. 8S. B., vol. xli, 1872, p. 91. Most of the specimens, (though not all), col- lected by Dr. Day have a comparatively longer snout, than those from the N. W. Provinces and the Panjab, but other variations are quite the same in
* Between October and February, 1871-1872.
86 Stoliczka, on Sind Reptiles. [ May, |
both. The nasals are usually very much swollen. The largest specimen measures 10 inches, the body being 3:2 inches; length of head 0:7 inches ; breadth of same near its base very nearly 0°5 inches ; fore-limb 1:2 inches ; hind-limb very nearly 2 inches ; fourth hind-toe 0-7 inches.
3. Eremias [Mersatina] Watsonana, n. sp.
Body and tail moderately slender and rather depressed throughout ; shields of head smooth, or very slighly rugose. Rostral small, just reaching to the top of the head; nostril between an upper and lower nasal, followed by a third very small shield, all three are much swollen; anterior frontal single, hexagonal ; a pair of posterior frontals forming a short suture ; verti- eal bell-shaped, obtusely angular in front and with concave sides ; supraci- liaries two on each side, separated from the supraciliary edge by a row of small granules, and from the postfrontals by a small triangular shield situat- ed near the canthus rostralis. <A pair of anterior occipitals, each irregularly pentagonal, narrow anteriorly, and forming a suture ; median occipital small- er than either of the anterior ones, ovately quadrangular, with the short anterior angle wedged in between the two anterior occipitals, followed by an- other little shield, separating the post-occipitals, each of which is irregularly triangular. Two loreals, the anterior one elongate and very narrow, the posterior larger and triangular, and may almost with equal propriety be taken as an ante-ocular. There are nine or ten upper labials, the fifth and sixth being largest and under the orbit ; 7—9 lower labials, the fifth or sixth the largest, and followed by very much smaller shields ; five pairs of chin- shields, the three first pairs forming a suture ; the fourth pair is the largest. Ear spacious, its upper anterior edge provided with a long narrow shield.
Scales above and on the sides of the body granular, equal, convex, smooth, and arranged in transverse series, there being about 45 of them in one row round the middle of the body. Scales on the upper side of the extremities also small, but slightly keeled ; those on the tarsi and on the anterior flanks of the feet enlarged and nearly smooth, while on the tail they are all enlarged, very sharply keeled and arranged in rings. The throat is covered with small, smooth scales; the belly with eight rows of enlarged, trapezoid shields, one row on either side being situated at the edge. Hinder side of femora with very small granular scales, lower side of tibia with large ones ; one very large preanal shield surrounded above and at the sides by a row of smaller shields ; 12-15 femoral pores on each side of the thigh, nar- rowly separated in the preanal region ; scales on the lower side of the basal portion of the tail smooth, but further on keeled.
The lower eyelid is covered with granules, except in the middle where there are some distinctly enlarged flat shields. Fold in front of the shoulder well developed, but less distinct on the lower side, and nearly obsolete in the middle ; its lower edge has eight scales.
1872. ] Stoliczka, on Sind Reptiles. 87
General colour, above, olive, with a slight brown tinge ; head with some indistinct blackish marks; back with four alternating series of white spots, accompanied by blackish spots, the outer series on the edge of back being in both cases the better developed one; sides with one or two series of pale spots margined with blackish ; both the white and dark series of spots have the inclination of forming continuous bands; hinder side of thigh with a blackish stripe, and the tail with irregular dark marks ; the entire lower side uniform whitish with a greenish tinge.
Total length of a perfect specimen 6°5 inches, the body being 2:1 inches. In the largest specimen the body is nearly 2°5 inches long, and the head 0°6 inch. The fore-limb, when laid forward, reaches midway between the eye and nostril, very rarely as far as the latter; and the hind-limb reaches the shoulder-fold, or half way between it and the ear. The toes on the fore-limb -are rather short, but those of the hind-limb long and slender ; on both they are sharply keeled below. I have examined five specimens of this interesting form, all are similarly coloured.
The species belongs to the section of Hremias with the gular fold attach- ed in the middle of the throat, and with one large preanal shield ; this group has been designated Mesalina by Gray, but I hardly think that the charac- ters are of such importance as would necessitate a generic separation ; they are certainly variable in the different species of Hremzas.
Externally, as regards structure, the present species only differs from Gymnops* by the presence of lower eyelids, and from Cabrita by the small, granualar, smooth scales. It is the first Indian species of Hremias known, and belongs to the desert fauna of the Panjéb Province. In coloration it closely resembles the Chinese H. argus,+ Peters, but it is a more slender form, and shews a somewhat different arrangement in the head shields.
‘4. EUBLEPHARUS MacuULARIUS, (Blyth). Anderson in Proc. Z. §., 1871, p. 163. %
General coloration of adult pinkish yellow ; a dark violet band on the neck, more or less extending on the head, two on the body, and a smaller one on sacral region ; the whole of the upper side of the head and body marked besides with irregular blackish brown spots or marblings; tail similarly marbled, (reproduced, short, very stumpy, and not verticillate in the only specimen) ; sides of head and limbs above with smaller and fewer dark spots ; below, uniform yellowish white.
This is, Dr. Day informs me, rather rare in Sind. He met with it only in one house at Shikarptr. It is, he says, very fond of residing under a tatty that is kept wet during the hot weather. It is called Hun-kun, or
* Compare antea, p. 74. + See Steindachner in Sitzungsb. Akad. M. N. Klasse, Wien, Ixii, 1870, p. 386; and also Zootoca chalybdea, Hichwald, Fauna Casp., pl. xi, figs. 1—3.
88 Stoliczka, on Sind Reptiles. [May,. Ki
bis-cobra by the Europeans, and has the misfortune (in common with the takti, Gecko guttatus, of Barma) of being believed to be very poisonous. — Of course, there is not a shadow of truth in the different reports about caus- ing death, but like the ¢aktu, itis, I dare say, ready to inflict a severe bite to the aggressor. a
In the young (the type of the species) the toes are comparatively longer, _ than in E. Hardwickii, but the adult does not appear to exhibit any dif- ference in this character from the latter species. Total length 634 imches, head and body 4°64, head alone 1:2; fore-limb 1:44, hind-limb 1°65 inches.
5. Hemipacryztus Cocrai, D. and B.
Vide Jour. A. S. B., xl, p. 98.—Not common.
6. Eumercres T#nr10Latus, Blyth.
Apparently very.rare, (antea, p. 75).
7. SPHENOCEPHALUS TRIDACTYLUS, Blyth.
Rare; (antea, p. 76).
8. Uromastrx Harpwickn, Gray.
Very common ; (antea, p. 81).
9. TRAPELUS MEGALONYX, Ginther (I. R., p. 159).
There are four specimens of this rare lizard in the collection form near Sakkar, two young, one half grown, and one adult male.
Dr. Giinther’s specimen, which he rightly supposed to be from Afganistan, was half grown, and there is very little to be added to the detailed descrip- tion of the species.
The enlarged scales on the body in young and half grown specimens become very marked on account of their bright yellow colour, but their size is actually little larger than that of the other scales. All scales are keeled, above and below, and arranged in tolerably distinct transverse series. In the very young, there is a thin ridge of slightly enlarged scales below the eye conspicuous, and a row of distinctly enlarged, yellow scales between the eye and the ear; both these ridges become indistinct in the adult, which also in other respects considerably differs from the young. The upper edge of the ear is always well protected by overhanging spinous scales. In theadult male the pos- terior end of the supraciliary ridge is distinctly angular, though not spinous. All the scales on the back, from the nape to the tail, are considerably larger than those at the sides, and are provided with very sharp obliquely erect points; on the paratoids and the nape they form a cluster of sharply erect spines, there is, however, no trace of a nuchal or dorsal crest. On the belly: the keels on the scales generally are much worn of.
The following figures will shew the variations in age :
Total length. Body. Long. rows of scales Transverse rows be- round the body. tween the limbs. Yoong. sce 4 inches 15 inches 70 55 Half grown ¢ oo aie bg ne 68 52
Bult 2 ee eh 74 60
1872. ] Stoliceka, on Sind Reptiles. 89
The hind leg, when laid forward, reaches the nostril in the young, and the anterior edge of the eye in the adult. Upper labials vary in number from 35 to 41, they are less numerous in the adult. Males have a row of six or eight pores on the preanal edge, imperfectly separated in the middle by one shield.
Coloration : The young is greenish olive grey, with a dark band between the eyes, a few irregular brown spots on the occiput, with six blackish trans- verse bands from neck to base of tail, each band having along the centre of the back a yellowish, black edged spot, and two or three smaller ones at the sides ; limbs indistinctly banded; tail with about sixteen dark bands, the first few have a central pale spot like those on the back ; throat-fold at the side bluish black ; a dark band from eye to ear ; upper labials dusky. Below, whitish with irregular longitudinal dark stripes.—In the adolescent form the general co- lour is greenish brown, the dark cross bands become less distinct, but the vertebral spots are well marked, all the slightly larger scales are bright yel- lowish.—The adult male is dark olive,very densely speckled with dark yellow, the transverse dark bands very indistinct, except on the tail, and there is no trace to be seen of the yellow vertebral spots ; labials pale yellow, streak below eye indistinct ; throat, breast and sides of belly bright bluish, tinged with purple, particularly at the sides of the throat.
OP HIDTLA.
10. Goneytopuis conicus, (Ind. Rept. p. 338).
This species frequents damp sandy localities among low vegetation, living during the day in holes or under stones, and feeding during the night chiefly on earthworms and nocturnal insects.—Apparently rare.
11. Eryx Jonni. Similar in habit to the last, but occurring in drier localities ; it is called Bimawi in Sind.—Common.
,12. ZAMENIS VENTRIMACULATUS.
The specimens exactly agree with those noted from Kachh, (antea, p. 82).
The snake appears to be very common.
13. PSAMMOPHIS CONDANURUS, (an SINDANUS).
Common in the Sakkar district ; (antea, p. 83).
14. Nasa rrrpuprans, Merr.—Common.
15. BuNGARUS CHRULEUS, VAR. fh, apud Giinther, I. R., p. 343.
The krait is called Prony ; the term, Dr. Day says, being derived from pion, to drink, as it is reputed by the natives to suck in, or drink, the breath of persons it finds asleep. It is a common snake.
16. Ecuis cartnata, Schneid., known under the name of Lundi (the female), or kuppah (the male), (see antea, p. 84).
17. Hypropuis Dayanvs, n. sp.
Head short and stumpy in the young, a little more elongate in advanced
age, distinct from neck, which gyradually increases in thickness towards the
90 Stoliczka, on Sind Reptiles. | May,
middle of the body. Rostral one-third broader than high ; each nasal somewhat larger than a frontal, which equals in size a supraorbital ; vertical hexagonal, obtusely angular in front and much elongated and pointed behind, smaller than either of the two occipitals ; one ante-, two post-oculars ; seven upper labials, the third and fourth enter the orbit, the fourth is sometimes split in two, the penultimate is small, and the last one minute; temporals 2 + 3 + pl., the lower of the two anterior is only a detached portion of the labial ; lower rostral very small, triangular ; six lower labials, first three large, pos- terior three much smaller ; two pairs of subequal chin-shields, either both are in contact, or the posterior are separated by a small shield; all the head shields above and at the sides are very minutely granulated. There are thirty- three series of somewhat elongate, subimbricate scales round the neck, but further one the scales become regularly hexagonal, a little higher than long, and are in 40-44 series round the middle of the body. There are 400-415 scales in a line between the angle of the mouth and the vent, and 52-56 in a longitu- dinal row along the tail, the terminai scale is moderately enlarged, but not forked. Hach scale on the body has a minute central keel, and on the side of the tail the keels of the succeeding scales become continuous, forming thin ridges.
Ventral scales each with two short keels; they are 328-334 in number, anteriorly twice as large as the adjoining scales, but posteriorly their size considerably decreases, and many of them become split in two shields. Two pairs of preanal scales, the outer twice as large as the inner.
Head olive blackish, tinged with red, brightest on the lower side, an Si—shaped vermilion mark on the top of head, composed of more or less isolated spots, the upper convexity rests on the frontals, the lateral branch- es run along the supraciliary edge, and the ends curve outward towards each angle of the mouth ; this vermilion mark becomes rather obsolete with age.
Of two specimens the smaller one is 23 inches, of which the tail is a little above two; the body is moderately compressed, of almost equal height throughout, encircled with fifty-eight black rings, separated above, but united by a black line along the ventrals ; the rings are only slightly contracted at the middle of the sides, being separated by narrower yellow bands; the tail has besides eight black rings, the terminal three or four confluent on the lower side, and the tip is entirely black.
Another more adult specimen is 27 inches, of which the tail is nearly 2°5; the body is in the middle twice as high as at the neck ; there are forty- six transverse blackish rings on the body, and six round the tail ; each ring is blackest along the back, contracted to nearly half its breadth at the middle of the sides, and from there to the broader base strongly tinged with yellow which is the general colour of the snake.
Hab.— Karachi ; in tidal waters.
®
1872. ] Stoliczka, on Sind Reptiles. 91
This species is evidently closely allied to the New Guinean A. Belcher, differmg from it by the smaller number of scales on neck, the hexagonal ones on the body, keeled ventrals, and by its coloration. Another, as re- gards coloration almost identical, species is H. twberculata, Anderson, (Journ. A. 8. B., xl, p. 18), but it has, thirty-eight rows of scales round the neck, two keels in a line on each scale, and several keels on each ventral. The scales on the side of the body are also slightly more elongate, and there exists a noticeable difference in the arrangement of the labials, and the form of the head shields.
18. Hyproputs curtus, Shaw. (Ginther, Rept. Ind. p. 379). Two adult specimens, a male and a female, from near Karachi can not be separated from the above species :
Totallength. Tail. Rows of scales Round the Scales between angle Scales along Ventrals, inches. inches, round neck. middle ofbody. of mouthand vent. the tail. g 34°5 3°6 31 34: 221 42 151 e) 393 3 33 36 285 55 200
The male has a somewhat stouter and higher body than the female ; the head is in both blunt and thick; the occipitals divided into several small shields ; male with one postocular on one and two on the other side, female only with one postocular ; third and fourth labials enter the orbit ; the two pairs of chin-shields are separated from each other by several small shields. The scales are comparatively somewhat larger and fewer in the male, than they are in the female; each scale has a small central tubercular keel, and of the ventrals each has two. In the female the keels on the lower side are only a little larger than on the upper, but in the male they become regularly spinous along the whole of the underside, largest on the ventrals, attaining on the median ones a length of one tenth of an inch.
- The coloration is very similar in both sexes: head olive above, with a yellow band from the eye to the neck ; body in male with fifty, in the female with forty-eight transverse dark bands, separated by narrower yellow inter- spaces, more or less confluent along the back and tapering into a point towards the middle of the body ; lower part of sides and along the belly uni- form yellowish white; tail yellowish at base, dusky along the ridge, the ter- minal two-thirds of its length nearly entirely black.
The adult cannot be a very active snake, as the sides of the male are covered with a great number of small Balant. Dr. Giinther’s largest specimen was only 17 inches and the only authenticated locality is, he says, Madras. Dr. Fayrer records, (in Calcutta Mad. Gazette, Feb, 1871), a specimen from the the Orissa coast at Puri, and gives a description of the species on p. 22.
19. Ennyprina VALAKADYEN, Boie ( = Bengalensis, Gray).
A specimen from Karachi has as many as forty-seven series of scales round the neck, and fifty-eight round the middle of the body, where they are hexagonal.
92° Stoliczka, on Indian Batrachia. [May, ©
20. PrLtamis PLaTuRUS, L. ( = dicolor, Schneid.). Karachi. A young specimen is uniform yellow, tinged with dusky along the ver- tebral region ; tail spotted and reticulated with black. |
V.—OBSERVATIONS ON Inpran Barracuta,—by Dr. F. SroniczKa.
The author referred to several interesting points in the similarity of the structure of various species, particularly in connection with their geographical distribution.
The paper will appear shortly.
At the conclusion of the meeting, the President invited the attention of the members to one of Mr. Schwendler’s ‘ Insulator and Joint Detectors,’ which had been manufactured on the principle explained before the Society in March, 1871.—(See Proceedings, 1871, p. 71).
Several of the members tested the apparatus, and satisfied themselves of its efficiency.
Mr. Schwendler stated that the instrument had already been introdu- ced with the most gratifying results in India. One of the lines connecting Bombay and Surat contained’so many defective insulators, as to reduce the insulation to about 0°5 Meg-Ohms per mile, and render through communica- tion with Karachi extremely imperfect. It was tested by the detector, and about 3°/, of the insulators were rejected, the effect being that the insula- tion per mile was increased sixty fold, or raised to 80 Meg-Ohms per mile, as high an insulation resistance as can be expected from this line under existing circumstances.
Mr. Schwendler said he felt confident that this instrument would henceforth prove of the highest practical value in Telegraphy for maintaining the efficiency of Telegraph lines ; and he was glad to be able to add that its portability and economy in use had been already acknowledged, and that the Italian Government had expressed their intention of introducing its use in
Italy.
The President in laying before the meeting the first number of Part IT, of the Journal for 1872, also drew the attention of the members to the slight alteration in the size which the Council have deemed advisable to adopt for the publications of the Society. He (the Pres.,) thought that the increased size greatly improved the appearance of the Journal, and that it was particu- larly advantageous for the larger space allotted to the illustrations on the plates.
—————— ee
ee
1872.] 3 | 98
LIBRARY.
The following additions have been made to the Library since the last meeting. Presentations. y*y Names of Donors in Capitals.
Journal Asiatique, August, September, 1871.—Astatic Socrery or Pa- RIS.
Journal of the Chemical Society, November, December, 1871, and January 1872.—Cuemicat Socrery oF Lonpon.
Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, No. 109, 1872.—Grotoat- cAL Socrery oF Lonvoy.
Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, January, 1872.— ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GREAT Britarn and IRE- LAND. 5 Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. XX, Nos. 180, 131.—Royrat So- CIETY.
Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, Vol. VI, Part ITT, and IV.— Roya Iystirvution oF Great BrRivar.
Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaf- ten, Berlin, December, 1871.—Royat Prusstan ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, BERLIN.
Bulletin de la Société de Geographie, January, 1872.—GEOGRAPHICAL Socrety oF PaRIs.
Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, No. I, et II, 1871.—Iwreriat Socrety or Naturarists oF Moscov.
Bulletin de la Société d’ Anthropologie de Paris, Tome V. (II Series). —AnrnropotocicaL Socrery oF Paris.
Journal of the Statistical Society of London, December, 1871.—Sratts- TIcAL Socrery oF Lonpon.
Bulletin de Académié Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourgh Tome XVI. Mémoires de Il’ Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Peters- bourgh Tome XVII, Nos. 1 to 10.—ImMpPErRrAL AcADEMY OF SCIENCE OF St, PETERSBOURG.
Christian Spectator, Nos. 10, 11.—Tue Eprror.
Calcutta Journal of Medicine, November, and December, 1871.—THE EDITOR.
Instructions for testing Telegraph lines and the technical arrangements in offices, by L. Schwendler, Esq.—Tue Aurior.
Report of the Commissioners appointed to enquire into the origin, na- ture, &c., of Indian Cattle Plagues, with Appendices 1871,—GoOVERNMENT OF Inp1A, DEPARTMENT OF A. R. ann C.
94 Labrary. " [ Miay, ©
Flora Sylvatica, by Major R. H. Beddome, Part XVIT.—GovEerNMEN?T oF Inpra, Department oF A. R. anv C.
Ruins of the Nalander Monasteries at Burgdon, Sub-division Bihar, i lah Patna, by A. A. Broadley, Esqg— GovERNMENT OF BENGAL.
Report on the Land Revenue Administration of the Lower Provinces, 1870-71.—GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL.
Report on Meteorology, Museum, and Horticultural Gardens in the Province of Oudh, 1870-71.—GovVERNMENT OF BENGAL.
Report on the Administration of the Salt Department.—GoVERNMENT OF BENGAL.
Records of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. V, Part I—Govzrn- MENT OF BENGAL.
Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. II, Part IIT. Tee MENT OF BENGAL.
General Report of the Topographical Survey of India, by Col. H. L. Thuillier, R. A., F. R. S. &e., 1870-71.—Surveyvor GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT.
Exuchange. Nature, Nos. 123-126. Atheneum, February, 1872.
°
Purchase.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Nos. 50-51.—Revue des deux Mondes, Ist February, 15th February, and 1st March, 1872.—Journal des Savants, January, 1872.—Comptes Rendus ,Nos. 3-8, 1872.—London, Edin- burgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, Nos. 288, 284, 285.—Revue de Zoologie, Nos. 10-12, 1870, No. 1, 1871-72.—Revue Archeologique, No. 1, 1872.—Revue Linguistique, Tome Quatrieme, 3 Fasc.—Exotice Butterflies by W. C. Hewitson, Part 81, 1872.—Kamil of El-Mubarrad, Part VIII,— Fragmenta Historicorum Arabicorum, Tome IJ.—War with the South. A History of the great American Rebellion with Biographical Sketches of leading Statesmen and distinguished Naval and Military Commanders, &c., by Messrs. R. Tomes, M. D. and B. G. Smith. Vols. I, I, III.
PROCERDINGS
OF THE
ASJATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
Tom puUNE, 1872.
The monthly meeting of the Society, was held on Wednesday, the 5th instant, at 9 P. M.
T. Oldham, Esq., LL. D., President, in the chair.
The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.
The following presentations were announced :
1. From the Hon’ble A. Eden, Chief Commissioner of British Burma.— Hight pieces of tin coins found in the ruins of the old town of Tennasserim.
2. From Dr. C. F. Tonnerre, a specimen of Cobra.
3. From the Government of India, Home Department, a copy of Lieut. Col. Tennant’s Report on the Total Solar Eclipse of December 11th, 12th, 1871.
4. From the Surveyor General’s Office, two Photographs of Lushai Arms and Utensils.
5. From the Government of India, Papers regarding the rock inscrip- tions at Jogada Naugam in the Ganjam District.
The following gentlemen duly proposed and seconded at the last meet- ing were balloted for and elected Ordinary Members—
Lieutenant J. H. Bourne, Shillong.
W. E. Brooks, Esq., C. E., Assensole.
Captain M. H. Court, A. D. C., to H. E. the Commander-in-Chief.
A. Anderson, Esq., Futtehghur (re-election).
Professor T. Huxley, proposed by the Council at the last meeting, was elected an Honorary Member.
The following are candidates for ballot at the next meeting.—
Carr Stephen, Esq., Barrister-at-Law, Delhi, proposed by Mr. J. Del- merick, seconded by Mr, H. Blochmann.
96 A Whirlwind near Calcutta. [ JUNE,
Major W. S. Trevor, R. E., proposed by Col. H. Hyde, R. E., seconded by Dr. T. Oldham.
The Council announce that they have appointed Captain J. Waterhouse :
as General Secretary of the Society, Dr. Stoliczka and Mr. Blochmann con- tinuing to act as Natural History and Philological Secretaries.
Captain A. J. Filgate, R. E. not having paid his admission fee under Rule 5, his election as member of the Society has become null and void.
Mr. W. G. Willson, officiating Meteorological Reporter, gave the fol- lowing account of the occurrence of a whirlwind of unusual severity, attend- ed with loss of life, in the neighbourhood of Calcutta.
Some days ago I received from the Bengal Government a copy of a very interesting report, by the Deputy Magistrate of Satkherah, of a whirl- wind which occurred on the evening of the 25th of April, at ’Alipur, a vil- lage about five miles to the south-west of Satkherah, which latter place is situated about forty-six miles east by north of Calcutta. The substance of the following account is taken from the report.
“The storm commenced about 6 P. M.; 16 was preceded by drizzling
rain and hail, and lasted from about ten to fifteen minutes. The general —
direction of the storm’s motion was from south-east to north-west. The wind did not blow from one quarter only, but appears to have assumed the character of a whirlwind, scattering thatches and trees in all directions. The inhabitants of the village considered it as Birbatas, air troubled by the fighting of two giants, and they described it as a column of smoke rising towards the sky.”
“The area affected by the storm was small, being only one particular quarter of the village, but during the fifteen minutes which it lasted, it blew away every hut and tree within its reach. During the great cyclones of recent years all the houses in a particular locality were not destroyed, some were left standing, but this whirlwind razed to the ground all the houses it touched. As an instance of the force of the wind, it is mentioned that a dinghi, capable of carrying fifty maunds, or more, which was lying in the
Dhompotha Khal, to the west of ’Aliptr village, was blown away along the ~
ground for upwards of three hundred yards from the water’s edge. The casualties caused by the storm were three persons killed and fifteen wounded ; seventy-six huts destroyed and three head of cattle killed.”
From the Bengal meteorological registers for the second half of April, I find that the trough of a considerably deep and long atmospheric wave, mov- ing in a general direction from south-east to north-west, was passing over Lower Bengal on the evening of the 25th of April. The lowest barometric heights recorded at the following stations, for the half month, occurred, at
|
4 '
|
1872.] On Beef in Ancient India. 97
Akyab at 4p. u. on the 24th, at Sdégar Island and Calcutta at 4 Pp. M. on the 25th, at Jessore and Dhaka at 4 Pp. mM. on the 26th. The trough of the wave was accompanied by great humidity, rain, low temperature and varia- ble wind.
The whirlwind at ’Alipur occurred when the trough of this atmosphe- ric wave was passing, and it seems to have moved in the direction of the wave motion. Storms seem always to accompany the troughs of such atmos- pheric waves, and there is probably some connection between the direction of propagation of the wave, and the course of the centre of the storm which accompanies it.
Captain J. Waterhouse exhibited a series of sketches by Lieutenants Woodthorpe and Leach, R. E., illustrative of the Lushai country and its in- habitants.
The following papers were read— 1.—On Beef in Ancient India. — By Ba’su Ra’'JENDRALA’LA Mirra. (Abstract.)
The paper opens with some quotations from different medizval Sanskrit works in which beef is mentioned as an article of food. Some of these are remarkable. In one, a dramatic work, a scene occurs, in which two disci- ples of the great poet Valmika discuss the cause of a bustle in their tutor’s house, and of the destruction of some favourite calves which had been cut up for the entertainment of an honored guest. In another, an irate sage was about to depart from the house of his host, when he was tempted te remain as “the heifer was ready to be slaughtered, and the food was to be cooked in ghi.” Passing from medieval to ancient works, the paper treats at length of a number of rites which could not be celebrated without the slaughter of cattle. One of these is called 8 ‘ulagava or “ spitted cow,” 2. e. roast beef. A second, the Panchas ‘dradiya, required seventeen five-year-old, humpless, dwarf bulls, and a like number of three-year-old heifers for its celebration. A third, the A4’s’vamedha, was celebrated with the immolation of one hundred and eighty animals, including horses, bulls, cows, sheep, goats, deer, and nilgdis. Then follow detailed accounts of the Mirtidha Pasuban- dha, of the various kinds of cattle fit for sacrifice, of the manner in which sacrificed animals were cut up. and distributed:among the priests, and of the general rules followed in immolating cattle for sacrifice; as also of a summary process recommended when the “ fatted calf” had to be slaughter- ed for the entertainment of guests. The concluding part of the paper is devoted to notices of such authorities as prohibit the slaughter of cattle in the present Kah Yuga.
98 Notes on Arabic and Persian Inscriptions. [JuNE,
This paper will be published in Part I. No. 2 of the Journal.
2.—Notes on Arabic and Persian Inscriptions, No. II.—By H. BLocHMany, M. A., Calcutta Madrasah. (Abstract. )
This paper is a continuation of a similar one published in last year’s Journal, and contains the text and translations of inscriptions according to rubbings received by the Society from Messrs. E. Vesey Westmacott, C. S. Dinajptr ; J. Wilson, C. S., Badéon ; and Dr. James Wise, Dhaka.
The inscriptions are of importance for Bengal History. Mr. Westma- cott’s rubbings comprise the famous Gangaramptr Kai Kaus inscription (A. H. 697); one by Sikandar Shah (A. H. 765) ; one by Muzaffar Shah (A. H. 902), and Husain Shah (A. H. 918).
Dr. Wise’s rubbings from Dhaka and Dhamrai, north of Dhaka, refer to the reigns of Mahmiid Shah (A. H. 863), Fath Shah (A. H. 887), and Husain Shah (A. H. 922).
Mr. Wilson’s rubbings from Badaon belong to the reigns of Flitmish [Altamsh], (A. H. 628) ; "Alauddin, (A. H. 707) ; and ’Alam Shah, (A. H. 883).
The paper will be published in Journal, Part I, No. I, about to be
issued.
3.—TLhe Buddhistie remains of Bihar in Patna by A. M. Broavtry, Esq., CS.
The reading of this paper was postponed.
4.—Essays on the nature and origin of the Inflexional post-positions in Hindi declension and their equivalents in other Gaurian languages. Nos. Ito IL, by Rev. A. F. R. Horerniz, D. Ph. Tiibingen, Professor of Sanserit, Joy Narain’s College, Benares.
The Secretary read the introductory chapter of the Essay. Dr. Hoernle uses the term Gauwrian as a collective name for the Sanscritic languages of Upper India. The word Gaur is used by Sanscrit authors as opposed to Dravida ; and inasmuch as the latter term has been applied to the languages of Southern India the word Gaurian would be an appropriate collective name for the Sanscritic languages of Upper India.
Dr. Hoernle’s Essay will appear in the second number of the Philologi- cal part of the Journal.
Babu Rajendralala Mitra took exception to the use of the word Gauwrian to indicate the Sanskritic vernaculars of India. Gawdain Sanskrit was 4
1872.] On Inflexional Post-positions in Hindi declension. 99
proper name for a part of Bengal extending from Mithila to Orissa, and its derivative Gaudiya could not comprehend all the Sanskritic vernaculars to which the author of the paper proposed to apply them. In another sense it was a common name for five provinces, vz., Kanyakubja, Sarasvata, Gauda, Mithila, and Utkala. The original settlers, particularly Brahmans, of those places, call themselves Gauda, and everything relating to them, including their languages, is named Gaudiya. But this classification has not been adopted to mark any linguistic peculiarities, and inasmuch as it excludes from the Gaudiya class the Marhatti, which occupies a very prominent place among the Prakrita or Indo-Aryan dialects, it cannot be used without assign- ing to it a much greater comprehensiveness of meaning than the Hindus, whose term it is, ever attached to it. The Kashmiri, the Nepali, the As- samese, the Uriya and other languages will have to be included in it, which it never indicated. To the European it will be literally unmeaning, and to the Hindis misleading, and it could not, therefore, be preferred to the term in common use, the Indo-Aryan or Sanskritic, which was well understood and as precise as a technical term need be. A writer once suggested Cis-Vin- dhyian as an appropriate term for the Sanskritic vernaculars, but it was as defective as the G'audiyan, inasmuch as it also excluded the bulk of the Mar- hatti.
Dr. Collis asked, why, if the term Dravidian be accepted, the term Gaurian should be objected to; the Panch Gawr and Panch Dravid being apparently terms of equal value, why should one be objected to and the other be retained ?
Babu Rajendralala Mitra, in reply, said that he was not prepared to defend the use of the word Dravidian, in the sense in which Cald- well and other Tamil scholars had used it, for, like the Gauda, its radical Dravida had been used by the Hindus to indicate five different provinces south of the Vindhya, the Pancha Dravida including Dra- vida, Karndta, Gujjarata, Maharashtra, and Tailinga country, the lan- guage of two of which (Gujjaraéta and Maharashtra) were Sanskritic, and not Tamilian. But the use of the word in this comprehensive sense was now obsolete, and since it was now restricted to the Coromandel Coast, from Madras to Cape Comorin, its derivation may be used to indicate languages allied to the Tamilian without causing misapprehension. It can plead like- wise the sanction of usage, which cannot be predicated of Gaurian. When a new term has to be coined, it should be so formed as to connote exactly what is wanted, neither more nor less. The terms Sanskritic and Indo- Aryan had great advantage in this respect over what has been recommended to replace them, and he could not therefore accept it, as superior or more
appropriate.
100 ; W. L. Samuells—Legend of Baghesar. [ JUNE,
5.—The Legend of Bighesar, a deified spirit held in great reverence by the Kiusri, Sirt, Markam, Netia and Sarsin clans of the Gond tribe,—by Caprain W. L. SamuEtis, Assistant Commissioner, Manbhim.
This paper contains a curious legend current among certain clans of Gonds, descended from a family of five brothers named Kasri, Suri, Markam, Netia and Sarsun, that once upon a time a tiger cub was born to Kusra. As it grew up, the young tiger made itself very useful in keeping predatory animals from its father’s crops, and in consequence the greatest affection existed be- tween them. To Kiusrt’s intense grief the cub died, but shortly afterwards his wife gave birth to a daughter who in due time became marriageable. The marriage ceremonies had been completed and the party were about to enjoy themselves with feasting and dancing, when suddenly a frightful sound is heard proceeding from one of the company who had become possessed with a demon. On interrogation by an exorcist the demon is recognised by Kusrt to be the spirit of his lost tiger-son. The demoniac is appeased with the sacri- fice of a live kid which he tears in pieces after the manner of a tiger, and after being presented with three cupfuls of liquor and some mouthfuls of fine ghi, disappears. The appearance is considered a most happy omen, and Kisri’s tiger-son is thenceforth deified and worshipped under the name of Baghesar by the five clans.
Captain Samuells then gives a graphic description of the custom existing to this day among the descendants of the five brothers, that during their marriage ceremonies it is usual for one or two of those present, generally the officiating priest and a looker on, to feign being possessed with the soul of a tiger, andin that state to kill and tear to pieces a live kid. The demons are afterwards appeased by the bride’s father with an offering of three cupfuls of liquor and a mouthful of ghi. No marriage ceremony in these five clans is considered complete without the appearance of Baghesar and the atten- dant rites.
The paper will be published in Part I, No. 2 of the Journal.
Dr. Dobson, by permission of the President, exhibited some photographs taken in the Andaman Islands.
The receipt of the following communications was announced.
1. On the identity of the Siluroid genera Hrethistes and Hara, by Surgeon Major F. Day.
2. On the Mammals and Birds, inhabiting Kachh, by Dr. F. Stoliczka.
1872.] | | 101
OBSERVATIONS ON INDIAN Batracuta,—by Dr. F. SroniczKa, [Read, and received lst May, 1872. ]
The following notes* refer to various imperfectly known Batrachia, of many of which I had opportunity to observe live specimens and to note their coloration. Several species are recorded which had not been pre- viously known from the Indian and Indo-Malayan regions, and of others I have traced the geographical distribution, as known up to the present time. The relations or identity of a few genera and species will also be found discussed in the following pages.
1. OxyezLossus Lima, Tschudi.
This was obtained by Mr. Kurz at Tonghoo, in Pegu, and I also got it in Lower Bengal. Both, it.and O. levis occur at Moulmein, Tenaserim, (see Proc. A. 8. B., 1870, p. 278).
O. levis, together with a new speciest from Bangkok, is placed by Prof. Peterst in a new genus, Phrynoglossus, merely differing from Oxyglossus lima by having the tongue rounded (not pointed) behind, and nearly entirely grown on, though quite free at the posterior edge. I do not think that many, who have specimens of O. lima and levis before them, will appreciate this generic difference. The two frogs perfectly agree in general form and character, absence of vomerine teeth, free fingers, entirely webbed toes, two unequal metatarsal tubercles, a short fold on the inner side, and a more or less distinct tubercle at the lower base, of the tarsus, &c. ; the habits are also exactly the same, the frogs occurring together in pools of water along streams. ‘The only structural difference of O. levis is, that the nostrils are more apart and the fingers shorter and more stumpy. In both species I observe a slight fold from behigd the eye to the shoulder passing above the hidden tympanic region, and a second short fold from below the eye to the mouth; but both these folds are very indistinct in fresh specimens, they only become better discernable when the skin is a little dried, or has shrunk in spirits.
2. PyYXICEPHALUS BREVICEPS, (Schneid.)
A specimen from Jabalptr (Cent. Provinces) is above uniform yel- lowish, or rather pale pinkish, brown, without a vertebral line; a stripe
* These notes were written about ten months ago, but I had delayed their submis- sion to the Society, because I expected to add to them the descriptions of several new species discovered by Major Beddome in South India, and also because I contemplated to give illustrations of several imperfectly known species. Both these objects are at present impracticable,
} Ph. Martensii, { Monatsb. Akad., 1867, p, 29.
102 , F. Stoliczka—On Indian Batrachia. [ JUNE,
between the snout and eye, three spots on the upper lip, a broadish streak from the eye to the middle of the belly and the cross bars on the limbs blackish brown ; tip of snout, extreme edge of upper lip and the whole of the under side yellowish white. Skin above very finely, below on the belly and hinder side of femora rather coarsely granular. Body 1°7", equal to the distance between anus and the shovel, hind-limb 2°25 inches.
The uniform coloration recalls P. rufecens, but it has not the rough and granulose body, which that species is said to possess. I think Anderson’s P. Khasianus (Journal A. 8. B., xl, p. 23) is the same as the one named P. Frith by Theobald, in Cat. Rept. A. S. B. Museum, 1868, p. 81, while the type of P. lividus, Blyth, (ibidem, p. 82) is to all appearance a small Cacopus globulosus, Giinther, but the specimen is im such a bad condition that no absolute reliance can be placed on it, and the name /ividws should, therefore, be cancelled.
3. RANA CYANOPHLYCTIS, Schneider.
I have often observed that adult males do not reach the same size as females, the former growing up to about 2 inches, while the body of the latter often attains 3 inches, but the males have the green colours brighter, and the tubercles on the back more distinct and pointed. The lower side is in males generally pure white, in females often mottled with dark.
This species is undoubtedly a Western form and must be referred to the Indian fauna with African admixture. It is very common all through Sind, Panjab, the valleys of the Himalayas, (in Kamaon up to about 6000 feet), all through the Central Provinces, South India and Ceylon, and extending eastward into Bengal, but I have not seen any specimens from Barma and the Malay country to the south.
Young specimens have the groups of vomerine teeth often so indistinct as to become scarcely traceable, and these specimens might from mere de- scription easily be taken for Dicroglossus Adolfi of Giinther, but unfortunate- ly I never met in Sikkim with the latter species.
4. Rana TIGRINA, Daud. Males have in bregding season the thumb and inner part of palm very
much swollen.
I have seen specimens of this frog from all parts of India and Barma, | as far west as the Indus and the base of the Himalayas. It belongs to the Indo-Malay fauna, and its geographical distribution is gradually extending to the West, where it is much less common than in Bengal. :
5. Rana LYMNOCHARIS, Boie, (= &. gracilis, Wiegm.) This has the same general geographical distribution as tigrina. no doubt occurs plentifully far inland, but along the Arakanese and Te
i 6 ) 1 4 h
1872. | _ F. Stoliezka—On Indian Batrachia. 103
coasts it is the most common frog. In Sikkim I observed it up to 7000 feet, and the specimens obtained at higher elevations are generally young, or perhaps never grow to a large size ; their hind limbs are often proportionately much longer than in adults.
Since the notes on 2. lymnocharis, var. Nicobarensis, (J. A. S. B., Vol. xxxix, Part IT, 1870, p. 144) were published, I had received a large specimen of this frog from Nancouri, Nicobar islands. The length of body is 2°5" ; form and coloration typical ; snout obtuse as in the Andaman variety, but the webbing of the toes is very slight, the web reaching on the 4th toe only to the 2nd joint, the three terminal joints being free ; on the 5th finger the two terminal joints are free. No distinct cutaneous fringe, either on the inner or on the outer side of tarsus or toe; inner metatarsal tubercle elongated, marginal, outer nearly obsolete.
Dr. Anderson (Proc. Z. Soc., 1871, p. 200) appears to doubt that the Andaman and Nicobar forms really belong to lymnocharis ( = gracilis), but does not support his scepticism with facts. I am confident that none of the forms which I have described from those islands and from Penang, differ essentially from the continental frog, and that they can only be considered as local varieties of it.
Professor Peters recently described (Monatsb. Berl. Akad., 1871, p. 646), an allied species from Pegu as R. brevipalmata, in which the hind- limb is very nearly double the length of the body; the hinder side of the femora is light rusty brown with dark marblings. I have not seen this form, but would not be in the least surprised, if it should turn out to be only a local variety of lymnocharis.
6. Rawa Liepren, Giinther.
_Comp. Anderson in Proc, Z. S., 1871, p. 198.
This species is found between about 4000 and 10000 feet in Sikkim. The adult males have the sides of breast, the inner arms and the fingers externally studded with small, black, horny tubercles. Mr. Blanford found it abundant in the interior of Sikkim.
7. Rawa Srxxrmensis, Jerdon.
Proc. A. 8. B., 1870, p. 83.
R. Gammii, Anderson, Journ. A. S. B., 1870, p. 21.
Jerdon says that his Sikkumensis* differs from ILvebigi by its more fully webbed feet ; but this statement is to the point, and as Dr. Anderson does not refer to this comparison, I do not think that his lengthy description gives more information than Jerdon’s short reference. In Liebigiz the toes are also fully webbed, particularly in the young, but the web reaches only as a nar- row fringe to the tip of the fourth toe, while in Sikkimensis it reaches it in a straight line from the adjoining toes. The proportions of the body and color-
* Of which I saw the specimens,
104 - F. Stoliczka—On Indian Batrachia. [Junz,
ation are almost quite identical in equally large specimens of the two species, but the head isa little higher, the groups of vomerine teeth larger, the lips and sides of the body and of the limbs more distinctly spotted or variegated with black in Sikkimensis, than in Liebigii, and the skin is in the former quite smooth with only a few scattered enlarged tubercles, while in &. Liebigii it is rough, and has besides numerous enlarged tubercles. All these characters are, however, not easily observed, and they are less marked in some specimens than in others, while the fuller webbing of the present species, as compared with R. Liebigit, is constant.
8. XENOPHRYS MONTICOLA, Giinther,
Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 414, and Anderson, P. Z. 8., 1871, p. 200.
I picked up some not fully developed and very young specimens in September, between grass at the edge of a tank below Darjeeling. All have the tips of fingers and toes markedly enlarged as in ordinary tree-frogs, and the toes also distinctly webbed at the base ; none of them shew a trace of vomerine teeth, which become developed in the more adult.
9. HyLARANA MACRODACTYLA, Giinther.
This Chinese species* extends into Barma. I have received numerous specimens through Mr. Kurz from Pegu, but they are all of small size, the body measuring about one inch in length. The total length of the hind limb varies ; sometimes it is double that of the body, but generally some what less. In several specimens the fourth toe is only half the length of the body, which seems to be a peculiarity of the young frog. All other characters perfectly agree with Giinther’s description and figure.
10. Hytarana ERYTHRHA, (Schlegel).
This species also extends from the Philippine islands through Siam into Lower Bengal. I lately obtained two specimens near Calcutta (April 1871).
Body above bright olive green, (turning to brownish green in spirit), glandular folds silvery white, the upper one at each side margined with black. The lower fold is indistinct in the young, but in the adult it continues to the hind limb, and the sides of the vent below it are tubercular. Limbs above brownish green, very minutely mottled with dark, and on the outer edges tinged with silvery ; the outer sides of the tibie are besides longitudinally striped. Hinder side of the femora green with black spots, about the middle densely tuberculated, while the rest of the skin above and below is smooth. The larger of two specimens measures: body 1°75 inches, being equal to the distance from the anus to half the tarsus; fourth toe scarcely longer than half the body. Two oblique groups of vomerine teeth. Two metatarsal tubercles, the one at the base of the Ist toe small, compressed, the other at
* Gunther's types were from Hongkong.
&
1872.] F. Stoliczka—On Indian Batrachia. 105
the base of the 4th toe rounded, flattened, more distinct in the young than in the adult.
11. Hynarana Tytrert, Theobald.
Stoliczka, Journ. A. S, B., xxxix, Pt. II, p. 148.
This species is as yet only known from Lower Bengal and Barma. It is perfectly distinct from B. erythrea. Since the publication of my notes (loc. cit.) I have received several specimens from Pegu* through Mr. Kurz.
In most of these the 4th toe slightly exceeds half the length of the body, and the distance from anus to heel is somewhat more than its total length. The coloration perfectly agrees with the specimens formerly described from Moulmein.
22. Hytarsna Maraparica, (D. and Bib.)
The back is during life vinaceous red (not brick red), paler on the snout and passing into vinaceous ashy with a few black dots on the sacral region ; limbs above dull black, mottled and spotted with reddish white ; upper arm with a longitudinal blackish band on the exterior-inferior side, and another one on the postero-superior ; sides of body pure black, with or without a few white spots ; glandular folds white, the upper one is not very distinctly defined from the vinaceous red colour of the back ; the lower is interrupted on the humeral region, but distinctly continues to the groin ; upper lip with a white stripe, its edge being dull vinaceous black, and of the same colour is also the throat and breast, being mottled with paler and passing towards the vent into almost pure white. The swollen tips and joints of the fingers and toes are reddish white, and the two metatarsal tubercles pure white.
I met with several specimens of this frog at Nadauli on the Western Ghats. The body of the largest is only 1:5 inch, equal to or slightly less, than the distance from the anus to the metatarsal tubercle.
I very much doubt that the Chinese species which Steindachner (Amph. Novara Exp., 1867, p. 48) describes under the name of malabarica is really identical with our Indian frog. He says, that the toes are half- webbed and the tips on the fingers indistinctly developed, while in malabarica the toes are barely half-webbed, and the tips of the fingers very distinctly swollen (at least in fresh specimens). The general coloration of both is certainly very similar, but in detail Steindachner’s description is not easily applicable to true malabarica.
13. Hyrarana monticona, Anderson.
Journal A. S. B., 1871, p. 25.
The only type specimen is a female. I obtained a male in the Rungnu valley (Sikkim) at about 4000 feet elevation. The structure and coloration
* Dr. Giinther (Proc. Z. S., 1868, p. 479) quotes the Ceylonese H, macularia also from Pegu; might this not be a specimen of Tytleri or nigrovittata 7
106 F. Stoliczka—On Indian Batrachia. | [JUNE,
perfectly agrees with Anderson’s description, but the male has the thumb much swollen at the base and the vocal sacs largely extended ; it does not appear to attain the same large size as the female. The length of the adult
male is: body 1°75”, slightly less than the distance from the anus to the heel,.
hind limb 3°25 inches, the fourth toe is equal to half the length of the Peas This is apparently a very rare spccies.
14. HynaRANa PIPrens, Jerdon.,
Proc. A. S. B., 1870, p. 83.
Body rather slender and depressed as in H. monticola, snout obtuse, half as long as the greatest breadth of the head. Nostrils moderate, directed backwards and upwards, half way between the eye and the tip of snout ; tympanum not very distinct, equal to about half the longer diameter of the eye, upper glandular fold well developed, lower slightly interrupted on the humeral region and lost on the side of the belly ; disks on fingers and toes well developed, the former free, the latter almost fully webbed, the web reaching to the tips of the 3rd and 5th, but only to the penultimate, joint of the 4th toe. Skin smooth. Vomerine teeth very close to each other ; tongue ovate, distinctly lobed behind. |
Olive brown above, with a few scattered dark spots on the back, limbs above with numerous, dark brown linear cross bands; sides of head and neck black which colour gradually passes into brownish on the side of the belly ; upper glandular fold whitish, margined black below, upper lip and lower glandular fold silvery white; edge of upper lip and lower side on chin and throat whitish, timged and marbled with olive ; belly white, sacral region and lower side of limbs tinged yellow, hinder side of femora indistinctly marbled with olive brown.
A specimen was obtained by Mr. W. T. Blanford in the Tista valley (Sikkim) at between 4000 and 5000 feet. Length of body 1:3 inches, being somewhat less than the distance from anus to heel, total of hind limb 2:6,” being double the length of the body ; 4th toe 0°7”, very little more than half the body. Inner metatarsal tubercle small, outer represented by an indistinct smooth swelling only.
This species is close to monticola, differing from it by a somewhat less obtuse snout, by the vomerine dental ridges being very close to each other, by its comparatively longer hind limb, and by its brown (instead of grey) coloration, with numerous very narrow dark bands on the limbs. Dr. Jerdon found the species common at Shillong on the Khasi hills, (Comp. 1. cit.). I had opportunity about two years ago to examine his specimens.
15. POLYPEDATES MACULATUS, (Gray). Dr. Anderson could not have observed many live specimens of this frog,
when he states (Proc. Z. 8., 1871, p. 207), that it is found among long
1872.] F. Stoliczka—On Indian Batrachia. 107
grass and not ...... on trees.’ It is a very common species in Bengal, extending through the Central Provinces into the Malabar country and apparently also to Ceylon.* JI have seen specimens from as far west as the Ganges at Hardwar, from Sikkim, Barma and Penang. Around Calcutta it is common among high grass near tanks and rivers, but it is certainly quite as common on the leaves of different palms and of Musa, particularly at the roots of the leaves where water accumulates. ;
Young and half grown specimens are above either uniform pale whitish green, or with numerous darker spots which on the posterior part of the body sometimes become longitudinally confluent ; limbs with cross bands.
Adults are during life dull yellowish white witht dull green spots and bands, darkest at the sides of the head. This is the general colour, while the animal is at rest, but the moment it begins to move about, the white of the body changes to more or less dusky brown, the spots become dark green and the sides of the head almost black. Occasionally some of the green spots are tinged with rufous brown, but that is rarer. The pale colours change to pure or dusky white, or brownish, and the green spots to black or dark brown in spirit. The hourglass- shaped mark is rarely distinct in Bengal specimens, and I have not seen a single one in which the skin was grown to the occiput, but adults generally have a slightly interrupted osseous crest indicated. The posterior sides of the belly, and the front and hinder sides of the femora are always marked with roundish yellow spots, intermixed with a dark violet reticulation. Lip white in young, golden iridescent in adults. The outer edge of the tarsus and of the fifth toe has always a very conspicuous light golden band, margined below with blackish green, and both bands are also indicated on the outer edge of the tibia. Lower side of the body uniform white in young ; throat in adults tinged with pale golden and mottled with dusky violet, and the lower belly tinged with dusky brown. Pupil black, horizontally eliptical ; iris greenish golden.
On the fore limb there is a basal web present between the Ist and 2d and 2d and 8rd fingers, between the 3rd and 4th itis almost obsolete. On the toes the web generally reaches to the tip of the 5th toe, but not usually to that of the 3rd toe (not ‘fingers’ as noticed by Giinther), however in fresh specimens there is a free cutaneous edge noticeable up to the tips of all toes. |
Prof. Peters (Monat. Berl. Akad, 1871, p. 649) says that a new species from Ceylon, P. biscutiger, differs from P. maculatus by the development of certain flattened prominences on the occiput, by a smaller tympanum, it being
* T have not seen South Indian or Ceylon specimens. + A Penang variety has no dark spots.
108 F. Stoliczka—On Indian Batrachia. [JuNE,
two thirds* the diameter of the eye, and by yellow spots on black marbled ground on the hinder side of the femora. The two last mentioned characters certainly do not hold good in a comparison with true maculatus, and as I have observed in adult males of the last species a tolerably distinct interrupt ed crest on the occiput, I cannot but doubt that Peters’ Polyp. biseutiger is really specifically distinct from P. maculatus.
16. POLYPEDATES MARMORATUS, Blyth.
(Anderson, Proc. Z. S., 1871, p. 209.)
Full grown males are barely more than half the size of the females, they have a glandular fold indicated at each side of the back, the thumb very much swollen, and the upper pale coloration is much tinged with violet bluish, with numerous, interspersed yellowish white dots and darker, more or less confluent, spots. The general colour in the female is yellowish green with more or less confluent bluish brown spots. Lower side of femora tinged with pale yellowish red.
P. marmoratus is common in the Sikkim valleys at elevations between 1000 and 3000 feet ; it is equally common in the Khasi hills, but apparently rarer in Pegu. I have seen only young specimens from the latter country. According to Jerdon it is identical with Giinther’s P. Afyhana,t which is, however, stated to possess a smooth skin.
17. RuHacopHorvs MAxIMus, Giinther.
Comp. Anderson in Proc. Z. §8., 1871, p. 210.
I have repeatedly observed this frog at the base of the Sikkim hills, about Pankabari, between 1000 and 2000 feet, and I do not think that it ranges much higher, except in the damp and warm valleys. It lives near the watercourses of streams in very dense jungle.
Skin smooth above, on the side of the anterior part of the body, about the shoulders and behind the eye, and on the upper side of the femora and tibie, finely, but almost spinulously, granular, particularly im adult males ; belly and lower side of femora densely covered with subequal, more or less flattened coarse warts ; a glandular fold runs from behind the eye to above the shoulder and then to the side of the belly behind the shoulder; the tympanum is usually not very distinct, and rarely wider than half of the longer diameter of the eye.
Colour during life ; body andlimbs bright green above, violet below, palest on the lower chest and belly, brightest on the throat and particularly on the side of the belly, where usually some dark more or less confluent spots are traceable ; these are also to be noticed on the lower side of the hind limbs.
* In adult maculatus the tympanum is often barely as large.
+ For which Cope proposes the generic name Amolops, characterised as having |
‘no dorsal-lateral glandular dermal folds,’ (See Nat, Hist. Review, V, 1865, p. 117.)
Rg
1872.] F. Stoliezka—On Indian Batrachia. 109
The violet colour is separated all round from the green by a yellowish line, most distinct on the front side of the arms and on the posterior side of the hind limbs ; the inner side of the fingers, tarsi and meta-tarsi, and the web- bing are also tinged with violet. Below the eye and the tympanum, and on the snout, the green is tinged with blue, the upper lip is paler green than the rest of the head, edge of under lip pale golden yellow, margined with a dark violet stripe on the lower side. Both the green and the violet colours, but particularly the former, often quickly change into various shades, according to the rapidity of the movements of the frog.
The largest specimen observed measures: body 4°25 inch., its length being equal to the distance from the anus to half the tarsus ; fore limb nearly 38,’ hind limb 6°75 inch.
18. Ixanus CINERASCENS, Stol.
Stoliczka, in Proc. A. 8. B., 1870, p. 275.
I found this species, (originally described from two Moulmein specimens) abundant in a deep valley near Pankabari, at between 2000 and 3000 feet elevation, above the Sikkim Terai, and also at Lebong below Dazjiling, at about 5000 feet.
The structure and size of these specimens perfectly agrees with the type, but the coloration varies immensely. The general colour changes from pure to yellowish ashy, tinged with more or less bright reddish or violet at the sides. The dorsal space, included by the dark band between the eyes and the lateral ones above the belly, is either vinaceous ashy, or brown, it forms a kind of bottle-shaped mark which becomes obsolete on the sacral region ; sometimes the whole of the upper side is dark vinaceous brown, with mere traces of the dorsal mark ; a short black band from the eye to the shoulder is always distinct.
19. Drerovetma BrerpMmoret, (Blyth). Anderson, in Proc. Z. S., 1871, p. 202.
Callula natatrix, Cope, Journ. Acad. N. Se. Phil., vi, 1867, p. 192.
The length of the body is half of the total length of the hind hmb. In several fresh specimens from Pegu I observe the following coloration: above, yellowish or dusky vinaceous, with a dark bottle-shaped mark, originating between the eyes, being above the shoulders very distinctly margined with white, and becoming indistinct on the posterior part of the back ; hind limbs with two or three short dark cross bands ; chin and breast blackish, speckled with white, sides of the belly and front side of femora partially, and their hinder side mostly, tinged or marbled with dusky black ; a few small pure black, white edged, spots on the fore limb, on the anterior and posterior sides of the femora and tibie, and about the anus; the foot including the
110 F. Stoliczka—On Indian Batrachia. [ JUNE,
toes posteriorly entirely black, with a yellowish white edge; belly whitish, sacral region and lower side of hind limbs more or less strongly tinged with red, or reddish yellow. .
The coloration as well as the structure of this frog entirely agree with Diplopelma, the mere greater length of the hind-limbs can scarcely be con- sidered asa generic difference. Cope refers the species to Callula, uniting Diplopelma with Engystoma. The habits of the Indian species of Diplo- pelma and Callula somewhat differ, the former is generally as active as a tree-frog, the latter as sluggish as a toad; in the first there are no os- seous vomerine ridges and the head is particularly small, in the latter the osseous ridges appear to be always developed in the adult. Considering these general characters the two forms are, I think, fairly separable, al-
though their close structural affinities cannot be questioned, as I had © already pointed out in Journal A. S. B., xxxix, Part II, 1870, p. 155. The ©
greater or lesser swelling of the tips of the toes is a character of no great
importance. All the Indian species of Diplopelma and Callula have the tips — of the toes more or less swollen and more or less webbed, but in the American ~
Engystoma the toes are free, and the species of the latter genus also are of a somewhat different appearance and colour. 20. DrenopEnMa CARNATICUM, (Jerdon). Comp. Journ, A. S. B., xxxix, Pt. IT, p. 154. This species occurs all through Barma and Bengal, probably extending
into the eastern Panjab, and southward through the Central Provinces and
Orissa into the Carnatic. The largest specimens (somewhat exceeding one ~ inch in length of body) are from Barma, but in Bengal the usual size attain- —
ed is only three quarters of an inch. Many specimens are met with which have throughout a strong vinaceous tinge, particularly at the sides of the back, while in others the bottle-shaped mark is somewhat indistinct. They live during the day under stones or old wood, along streams and between low vegetation, and often leap about as perfectly as a tree-frog. Old specimens are, however, less active.
21. CaLLuLa GuTTULATA, (Blyth). See Giinther, Proc. Z, 8., 1868, p. 490, pl. 40, fig. 1.
In a young specimen from Pegu, the brown markings are united to a
large irregular patch, extending from between the eyes to the middle of the — back, and thus toa certain extent recalling the coloration of C. pulchras . The under side is yellowish white, finely mottled with dusky, particularly —
on the throat, the sides of which are tinged with pink.
C. guttulata has as yet only been obtained in Pegu, but C. pulehra ; occurs both in Barma and in Bengal, extending westward to about a line ©
drawn from the Ganges at Hardwar to Midnaptir. Ihave seen specimens |
1872.] F. Stoliczka—On Indian Batrachia. 111
from both the localities, and also from Allahabad. Even the youngest I exa- mined had the toes slightly webbed at the base, consequently the young referred by Blanford to this species, (Journ. A. S. B., xxxix, p. 375), could not have been C. pulchra.
22, CALLULA VARIEGATA, nD. sp.
Form typical, with a short blunt moderately depressed head, its width between the eyes being a little more than the longer diameter of an eye; nostrils near the tip of the nose, moderately large, directed upwards and forwards ; canthus rostralis rounded, loreal region above slightly concave and sloping ; tympanum hidden ; skin smooth above, with a few scattered obtuse tubercles at the sides, and below extending towards the vent; skin between the hind limbs moderately extended and loose; an indistinct fold from behind the eye to above the shoulder; no teeth on jaw or palate; choane large, ovate, an interrupted soft, not osseous ridge behind them; a second much more distinct transverse fold before the cesophagus, its edge is slightly papil- lose ; tongue very elongately ovate, entire behind, and with fully two-thirds its length free ; lower jaw with two slight apophyses. Fingers free, toes webbed at the base only, both rather elongate, slender, with enlarged, truncate tips, the enlarged tips being much more distinct on the fingers than on the toes. Palm at the base with two ovate tubercles, the outer being double the size of the inner; sole also with two unequal tubercles, the inner compreesed and only slightly larger than the outer ; tarsus without a fold.
Entire upper surface on body and limbs more or less deep brown, va- riegated with pinkish white, the markings towards the sides and hind-limbs mostly dissolved into smaller or larger spots of purer white ; below, uniform yellowish white, slightly dusky at the sides of the throat.
JI have examined two specimens* of this species, both collected by Mr. W. T. Blanford at Ellore. They are very nearly equal in size, and have not the appearance of very young individuals. One measures: body 1:25 inch., hind-limb from anus to tip of fourth toe 1'4 inch., the free portion of the third finger is fully 0:2, and that of the fourth toe fully 0°3 inches long. The fore-limb when laid back just reaches with the tip of the inner finger the groin, and the hind-limb when laid forward touches the snout with the tip of the fifth toe.
The species resembles in general character C. pulchra, but has consider- ably larger toes and fingers, a more elongatetongue anda different coloration. It can hardly be referred to either of Jerdon’s species, C. montana (? = obscura) or C. carnatica,y the limb being considerably longer in the former, and shorter in the latter, but it is possibly the species to which Jerdon refers
* One, lent to me by Dr. Anderson, in the Indian Museum and the other in my
collection. + Journ, A. §. B. xxiii, p. 533.
112 F. Stoliczka—On Indian Batrachia. [JuNE,
(Proce. A. S. B., 1870, p. 83) as having been obtained by Major Beddome in South India, and closely resembling C. guttulata, from which, however, the present form differs, both in structure and in colour.
23. Buro Srxxrmensts, (Blyth).
Bombinator Sikkimensis, Blyth.—Scutiger id. Theob,—Bufo id., apud ae Proc. Z. 8., 1871, p. 204.
Dr. Anderson is right in refering this species to Bufo, but he is enficaly mistaken in his statement, that the species only differs in its free toes and in its slightly notched tongue from Bufo. If this were the case, there would be rather good ground for a generic separation ; but none of these characters exist. The toes, though very much shrunk, are nearly half webbed and the tongue is entire, but its tip had been in Blyth’s types so much pressed against the palate that it formed a groove on it, and this was taken by Theo- bald and Anderson for a slight notch. The tympanum is hidden, the para- toids sometimes small, sometimes as well developed as in melanostictus, and equal in length to the distance from the snout to the posterior edge of the eye. The canthus rostralis is not ‘round, but rather sharp in fresh speci- mens, and there is a short interrupted ridge in front of the eye and another on the anterior edge of the eyelid. The nostrils are slightly swollen, and nearer to the tip of the snout than to the eye (not ‘half way’ between the two). The whole upper surface of the body is covered with small pointed tubercles, between which on the back larger, spinous ones, are interspersed ; the tubercles on the upper side of the tibize are of considerable size and larger than those on the femora; a few enlarged spines below the hidden tympa- num ; sides of the body nay spinulosely tuberculated, and lower side rather dacs, granular.
Upper side of back and limbs he or olive, with numerous more or less confluent vinaceous brown spots, paratoids and the large tubercles distinctly reddish ; snout olive, upper lip near the snout and loreal region, below the eye and at the angle of the mouth each with a brown spot; below, pale yel- lowish throughout, usually densely marbled with olive brown.
The species does not appear to be common in Sikkim; I found a few specimens around Darjiling at an elevation of about 7000 feet, in October. One, though a male, has not the callosities on the breast, as described in the type specimen ; it is probable that they are only developed during the breeding season, or after a certain age.
24. Buro mELANostictTvs, Schneid.
This is an Indo-Malayan form ; it is found throughout India as far west — (
as the Indus,* but it is decidedly scarcer in the western, than it is in the
* T have not seen specimens from Sind.
*
1872.] Library. 113
eastern and south-eastern parts of the Indian possessions. In the Himalayas it ascends to nearly 10,000 feet,* but it is only found on the outer ranges, or as far into the interior as the effects of the rainy season are felt.
25. Buro VIRIDIS.
Himalayan specimens} are very often, above, uniform dull green, but generally with greenish marblings on the breast &c. None that I saw have a distinct cutaneous fringe on the inner side of the tarsus.
A gigantic specimen, caught near Darjiling, measures: total length of head and body 5, total of hind limb 5:8, 4th toe 1:8 inches.
LIBRARY.
The following additions have been made to the Library since the last
meeting. Presentations. *,* Names of Donors in Capitals.
Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. XX, No. 182.—TuHE Roya Socrery oF Lonpon. ;
Journal of the Statistical Society of London, Vol. XXXV, part I.—THe StatisticaL Society oF Lonpon.
Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society, Vol. XV, No. 5, Vol XVI, No. 1—Tue Royat GrocRApHIcAL Society oF Lonpon.
Catalogue of Fishes in the Collection of the British Museum, by Dr. A. Giinther, Vols. 1-8; Hand-List of Genera and Species of Birds distin- guishing those contained in the B. M., parts 1-3; Catalogue of the speci- mens of Heteropterous-Hemiptera in the Collection of the B. M., parts 1-4 ; Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the B. M. parts 2-5 by F. Walker ; Catalogue of Hispide in the B. M., by J. Baly, part 1; Catalogue of Halticide in the B. M., by the Rev. H. Clark ; part 1; Guide to the Systematic Distribution of Mollusca in the B. M., part 1 by J. E. Gray ; List of the specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the B. M., by F. Walker, parts XX VII. to XXXV; Catalogue of the Conchifera or Bivalve shells in the B. M., part 1-2 ; List of the specimens of birds in the B. M., by G. R. Gray, part III, sec. 3-4, part V; List of the Mollusca in the B. M., part II ; Catalogue of British Feessorial Hymenoptera and Farmicidee and Vespide in the B. M., by F. Smith ; Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the B. M., part I, by J. O. Westwood ; Specimen of a Catalogue of Lyce- nide in the B. M., by W. C. Hewitson ; Catalogue and supplement to the Catalogue of Shield Reptiles, part I, by J. E. Gray ; Catalogue of Diurnal
* In the western part of Sikkim ; up to about 8000 in the N. W. Himalayas,
+ From the Kulu valley, 5000 feet; Hardwar (about 1000 feet), Sikkim (between 6 and 10,00 feet.)
114 Library. [ JUNE, q
Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the B. M., by A. G. Butler; Cata-_ logue of the Bones of Mammalia im the B. M.; Catalogue of Apodal Fish ~ in the B. M., by Dr. Kaup; Catalogue of the specimens of Dermaptera, Saltatoria and supplement to the Blattarize in the B. M., by F. Waker; Catalogue of the specimens of Blattariz in the B. M., by F. Walker; Cata-— logue of the Coleopterous Insects of the Canaries in the B. M., by T. V. Wollaston ; Catalogue of the British Non-Parasitical Worms in the B. M., — by G. Johnston ; Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira, in the | B. M., by T. V. Wollaston ; Catalogue of Monkeys, Lemurs, and Fruit- eating Bats in the B. M., by Dr. J. H. Gray ; Catalogue of the Specimens of Amphiopodous Crustacea in the B. M., by C. 8. Bate ; Catalogue of Diur- nal Lepidoptera of the Family of Satyridz in the B. M., by A. G. Butler; Catalogue and supplement to the Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the B. M., J. E. Gray ; Catalogue of Carnivorous, Pachydermatous and Edentate — Mammalia in the B. M., by J. E. Gray ; Catalogue of British Birds in the © B. M., by G. R. Gray ; Catalogue of Sea-Pens or Pennatuliide in the B. | M., by J. E. Gray; Catalogue of the Birds of the Tropical Islands of the Pacific Ocean in the B. M., by G. R. Gray ; Catalogue of the Mammalia — and Birds of New Guinea in the B. M., by J. E. and G. R. Gray; Cata- logue of Lithophytes or Stony Corals in the B. M., by J. E. Gray; Cata- logue of the Collection of Meteorites exhibited in the Mineral Department of the B. M.; Index to the Collection of Minerals in the B. M.; A Guide to the Collection of Minerals ; A guide to the Exhibition Rooms of the Depart- — ments of Natural History and Antiquities—Tue Trusrers or THE BRITISH Museum, Lonpon.
Journal Asiatique, No. 67.—Tue Astaric Socrery oF Paris.
Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, Févr. 1872.—THEr GroGRAPHICAL Socrery oF Paris.
Monatsbericht, Januar, 1872.—THEe Roya Prusstan ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF BERLIN.
Zeitschrift, Band XXV, Heft 4.—THrE GERMAN OrrENTAL SOCIETY oF LErezia.
Jahrbuch, Band XXI, Nro. 3.—THeE Impertat GEoLocicaL IystrtvTE OF VIENNA. |
Catalogus codicum Latinorum Bibliothecae Regiae Monacensis, Tom. I, pars 2.—Tue Royat AcapEMY oF Scrences, Municu.
Memorie, Vols. XXV, XXVI; Atti Vol. VI, Disp. 1-6—TuE Rovan ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF TURIN. ‘
Archivis per L’Antropologia et la Etnologia, Vol. I, fasci 1-2 publicato Dr. P. Mantegazza, Dr. F. Finzi—Tue Eprrors. 4
The Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. IX, No. XXVII.—Tue Bompay Asiatic Socrery. t
a,
1872. | Library. 115
Nasitka Pravodha, by Harachandra Vasu.—Tne AutHor.
Die Ahuna-variya-Farmel, von Dr. M. Haug.—Tue Avrtor.
Topography of the Punjab Oil Region, by B. Smith Lyman.—Tur AUTHOR.
Professional Papers on Indian Engineering, Vol. I, No. 4, by Captain A. M. Lang.—Tue Eprror.
General Report on Public Instruction in the Lower Provinces of Bengal for 1870-71; Selections from the Records of the Government of India, Home Department No. LXXXIX; Report on Cooch Behar, No. 2.—TueE GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL.
Col. Tennant’s Report on the Total Eclipse of the Sun, on December, 11-12, 1871; The Flora Sylvatica, part XVIII.—Tur Government oF INDIA.
Maenetical and Meteorological Observations made at the Government Observatory 1865-1870.—THE GOVERNMENT oF Bompay.
Report of the Meteorological Reporter to the Government of Bengal for 1871.—Tur MeErroronoGicaL REPORTER.
Records of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. V, part II.—TueE Svu- PERINTENDENT OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA.
General Report on the Revenue Survey operations of the Upper and Lower Provinces in Bengal for 1870-71.—Tur Survryor GENERAL OF In- DIA.
Exchange. The Athenzeum, for March, 1872. Nature, Nos. 127—180.
Purchase.
,The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, April, 1872.—The Quar- terly Journal of Science, April, 1872.—The London, KE. and D. Philosophical Magazine, April, 1872.—The Numismatic Chronicle, 1871, part IV.—Revue de Zoologie, No. 2, 1872.—The Indian Antiquary, May, 1872.—The Calcut- ta Review, April, 1872.—Journal des Savants, Févr, 1872.—Comptes Rendus, Nos. 9—18, 1872.—Harold’s Coleopterologische Hefte, VII.—Nou- velles Suites 4 Buffon, Coléoptéres, Tome IX.—Bleeker’s Atlas Ichthyolo- gique, Liv. 25.—Gould’s Birds of Asia, Part XXIV.—Liddell and Scott’s Greek-English Lexicon.—Legge’s Chinese Classics, Vol. IV.—Schellen’s Spectrum Analysis.—Pratna-Kamra-Nandini, Vol. V. No. 1.
BPD LOLA PDP
(ahi ba pote he
ial
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
foR_ puLy, 187.2.
_ The monthly general meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday,
the 3rd instant, at 9 P. M,
T. Oldham, Esq. LL. D., President, in the chair.
The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.
The following presentations were laid on the table :—
1. From Revd. M. M. Carleton, a box of copper coins.
2. From Revd. M. A. Sherring, M. A., a copy of “ Hindu Tribes and Castes, as represented in Benares.”’
_ The following gentlemen duly proposed and seconded at the last meet- ing were balloted for and elected Ordinary Members— Carr Stephen, Esq, Major W. S. Trevor, R. HE.
The following are candidates for ballot at the next meeting—
Baba Vipinavehari Mukherji, Baraset, proposed by H. Blochmann, Hsq., seconded by Captain J. Waterhouse.
Captain T. St. Quintin Clutterbuck, Attock, proposed by Major F. W. Stubbs, seconded by H. Blochmann, Esq.
P. Dejoux, Esq., Ex. Engr., D. P. W., Calcutta, proposed by G. Nevill, Ksq., seconded by V. Ball, Esq.
Rey. Laurentius O. Skrefsrud, Benagaria Mission Station, proposed by H. Blochmann, Esq., seconded by Dr. Anderson.
H. Beverley, Esq., C. 8. (for re-election), proposed by H. Blochmann, Esq., seconded by Dr. Anderson.
118 Dak’ hin and Bengal Coins. |JuLy,
' The following gentlemen have intimated their desire to withdraw from — the Society— J. A. Briggs, Esq., (on leaving India). J. Smith, Esq., C. 8. F. N. Macnamara, Esq., M. D.
The President reported that the Council recommend that His Excel- lency the Viceroy be solicited to accept the office of Patron of the Society, now vacant by the lamented assassination of the late Lord Mayo.
He remarked that the office had been held by previous Governors General almost uninterruptedly from the time of Warren Hastings, and there — was no reason why the precedent should be departed from on this occasion, — but every reason why the Society should pay Lord Northbrook the compli- ment of asking him to become their Patron.
The proposal was carried unanimously.
The President announced that the Council had resolved on changing the | London agency of the Society, and that they had appointed Messrs. 'Triibner and Co. of Paternoster Row, sole agents, from the Ist January, 1873, for the sale of the Society’s publications, and for conducting the general agency of the Society, instead of Messrs. Williams and Norgate. The Council for © sometime past have had reason to be dissatisfied with the manner in which — the duties of the agency had been carried out. Messrs. Triibner and Co. are a well known firm of large experience in duties of the kind, and the ~ Council trust that by the change the publications of the Society may become more extensively known and circulated.
Mr. Wood-Mason exhibited several Andamanese weapons and utensils and made some remarks on the relations of the tribes inhabiting these islands.
Colonel H. Hyde exhibited two Dak’hin and one Bengal silver coins. Mr. Blochmann said—
The coins are rate. The Bengal silver rupee belongs to the reign of
Bahadur Shah Sur, and bears the year 967, A. H. Marsden gives a figure
of it.
The two Dak’hin coins refer to the reign of ’Alduddin Ahmad Shah (II.), a Bahmani King, and appear to bear the year 860, A. H. The first two numerals are clear. Mr. Thomas in his ‘ Chronicles of the Pathan Kings’ (p. 343), describes a specimen belonging to General Cunningham as ‘ very rare ;’ but his reading of the obverse, to judge from his wood-cut and Co- lonel Hyde’s specimens, is wrong. The legend is— '
Ls
1872. Buddhistie Remains of Bihar. 119 feverse. Obverse.
B) y2b.J gt wslalentt oea} Cp} 9 Lod et SI pole gle deat Gy sla al] gle cole igsytt
uste gs] sl , heacel | ih
The Sultan, the mild, (the just, who is kind towards the servants of ‘the bountiful God), the Muhaimani*
Abul Muzaffar ’Alduddunya waddin Ahmad Shah, son of Alnad Shdh, the ruler, the Bahmant.
‘ Muhaimani means ‘ belonging to Muhaiman,’ which is one of the ninety- nine beautiful names of God, who is called so, because he gives protection. The adjective ‘ Muhaimant’ would, therefore, mean ‘ protected by God ;’ and has been formed like s4}O#, cy, and other adjectives derived from the nin ety- nine beautiful names. The form is rare and does not, perhaps, occur else- where ; but it was chosen for the legend of the coin, as ‘muhaimani’ on the obverse rhymes with ‘bahmani’ on the reverse. The coins of the 15th cen- tury have almost invariable the saja, or rhymed prose, which in the 16th century gives way to metrical inscriptions.
The following papers were read—
I.—The Buddhistic Remains of Bihir in Patna.—By A. M. Broaprey, ibe Y C.8., Dacca. (Abstract. )
The Bihdér Sub-division presents perhaps the richest field for archeo- logical research in Eastern India. Within its comparatively small limits are situated Rajgir, Nalanda, Bihar, and the Indra-Saila peak, besides a hundred places of less importance, but abounding in the relies of the past. Over the whole surface of the country, neglected, and in many cases mutilated, lie the remains of the sculptures, which once adorned the temples of Buddhism, still often bearing the inscriptions, which record the names of their donors and the date of their dedication. Mr. Broadley has succeeded in making a complete survey of the ruins of Rajgir, and in recovering from the dense jungle, which now covers the ruins of the capital of Bimlisara, a large number of figures and carvings connected with the faith received from the lips of Sakhya Muni himself. The author made extensive excavations at this place, and had almost reached the centre of a tope undoubtedly erected by Agoka, when he left the Sub-division.
* Almuhaimaniyu is nominative, in apposition to al-sultdn ; alghaniyi is geni- tive, in apposition to alldhi. Mr. Thomas’s (3) gives no sense, and in the wood cut the re should have a stroke to join it to preceding al. I find that the word ‘ Muhai- mani’ occurs in Mr. Thomas’s transcripts of other Bahmani coins (loc. cit. p, 345).
120 F. Stoliezka—Mammals and Birds. [Juny, —
As regards Nalanda, the “ gorgeous queen of monasteries,” he laboured
there for nearly a month, and uncovered three sides of the great temple of —
Mahip4ala, which had remained concealed for centuries, under the mound formed by the débris of its lofty cupola. From Nalanda, he recovered an
enormous number of carvings and some inscriptions of value. The general —
result of his work there has been embodied in a small pamphlet, which has been published by the Bengal Secretariat.
Mr. Broadley also made excavations at the following places, sites of monasteries and temples of less importance—Ghosrawan, Titrawan, Tillarah, Rohon, and Bihar. The sculptures recovered from these ruins are also of great beauty.
Mr. Broadley has embodied the result of the whole of his labours con- nected with the Buddhistic remains in Bihar, in this paper.
The photographs were executed by Dr. Simpson, Civil Surgeon of Patna, whose well-known reputation as a photographer, will be a sufficient guarantee of their value.
The whole of the sculptures collected have been removed to Bihar, and arranged in an appropriate building, which Mr. Broadley designates the ‘Bihar Museum’. They number upwards of a thousand, and comprise every variety of object.
As regards the Muhammadan antiquities of Bihar, Mr. Broadley has suc- ceeded in collecting nearly thirty Persian and Arabic Inscriptiens of great, historical value, varying in date from the time of ’Izz-uddin Tughril [A. H. 640] up tothe year A. H.,1100. Several of these are in the Museum at Bihar, and five of them are grouped in one of the photographs. They throw great light on the history of Bengal, and are of some importance. He has also collected the legends, &c., connected with the celebrated shrines of the Bihar city and the early history of the town, and the country which surrounded it. Besides this, Mr. Broadley had the good fortune to light on a considerable number of coins, the greater part of them being unique. They belong to the time of Ghids-uddin of Bengal [608-624], Shams-uddin I’lit- mish [607-633], &c.
The author has embodied all the information on the Muhammadan Antiquities in a paper forwarded to Mr. Blochmann. The paper will be their joint production.
II.—NoricE oF THE MamMats AND Brrps INHABITING Kacun, by Dr. F. SroriczKa. (Abstract). After a few general remarks respecting the physical geography of the province of Kachh, and which were read by the author, notes on twenty-eight mammalia and one hundred and sixty birds are given. :
cal > os ye Se TE , ee ~
= we ne i ah i eteegecs
1872. ] F. Stoliezka—Mammals and Birds. 121
Among the former two new species of bats are described by Dr. Dobson under the following names :
Taphozous Kachhensis, resembling F. saccolaimus in form and size, but differing from it in the absence of the gular pouch in both sexes.
Pipistrellus leucotis, distinguished by the white colour of the ears and wing membranes, and by the form and unequal size of the upper inci- sors. | | A new species of hedgehog is noted under the name Krinaceus pictus. General colour brownish albescent, snout brown, with a brown band through the eye to the angle of the mouth, hind head and neck white ; below thinly hairy, white ; feet and near abdomen, including the very short tail, brown ; a broad nude space between the ears above ; five toes on all feet; ridges on spines tuberculated. This species also occurs in the North-West Provinces.
The author adds a general review of the Indian Erinacez, noticing some of the more important distinctive characters of the species which he examined, and he gives the description of a new species, H. albulus, lately received by the Indian Museum through the Yarkand expedition. It resem- bles #. pictus, but is larger and with a more pointed snout, no perceptible nude space between the ears ; head rufescent, except at the posterior edge of the upper jaw, which is white ; entire underside thickly hairy, white, passing into rufescent at the sides ; ears, feet partially, and tail, brownish.
A full description of Herpestes griseus is given. It is also stated that the only Gazelle occurring in Kachh is G. Bennetti, and not G. Christit.
Of birds 160 species had been collected by the author, and of many of these notes are given. ‘The more interesting species under notice are: Falco Babylonicus ; Ptionoprogne rupestris ; Caprimulgus Maharattensis ; Picus Maharattensis, a small variety, with the white spots larger and more numerous, closely approaching the Barmese P. Blanfordi of Blyth, which is also considered as a mere variety of Maharattensis; NSaxicola Kingi, Hume (Ibis, 1871, p. 29) ; Sax. atrogularis = montana of Gould is stated to be merely a larger race of S. deserti, as originally recorded by Jerdon ; Dry- moipus Jerdoni, Blyth, (== Prinia rufescens, Hume, Ibis, for 1872,) Phyllos- copus tristis, Parus nuchalis, Jerdon; Fringillaria striolata (Comp. Hume, Ibis, 1870, p. 399). A comparatively large number of GraLum and Narvatores occurs, the majority of which inhabit Europe and Northern Asia during the summer.
Only a single new species is described as Pratincola macrorhyncha. General plumage dull brown, all feathers rather broadly margined with fulvescent whitish ; below fulvescent white ; wing 2°9, tail 2:1 to 2:2, tarsus 0:95, bill at front 0°5, from gape 0°72, hind toe with claw 0°57, claw alone 03 inch. The bill is as slender at the base as in Pratincola, but nearly quite as long as in Sawicola, while the slenderness of the hind claw does not
122 F. Day—Tdentity of Erethistes and Hara. [JuLy,
agree with either genus, but rather with Oreicola (= Rhodophila). Two specimens were obtained, both probably females ; for they very much resemble
in plumage female birds of Pratincola.
The President remarked that although Dr. Stoliczka had only read 1 the opening pages of his paper, he had seldom listened to a clearer or more —
complete sketch of the physical geography of a small district.
The aspect of Kachh was very peculiar, and the character of the country j very marked, but it was not by any means an easy task to bring such pecu- —
liarities so clearly forward, as to enable a reader of the description to realize them. There was one point on which very possibly Dr. Stoliczka had
enlarged, though in the abstract he had given he had not noticed it, and that — was of some interest as bearing on the geographical distribution of animals — and plants. This distribution was often spoken of as if people really sup- — posed that there was something in the animal itself, some law of existence © born with it, which prevented the possibility of such organised beings over- — stepping fixed boundaries or limits of area. Now Kachh was a peculiarly ~ good instance in point. Dr. Stoliczka had shown very briefly the extremely — limited number of its fauna and even of its fiora ; and it became quite clear |
that numerous animals which were to be found in adjoining districts and
not in Kachh were absent from this Province, solely because the physical con- |
ditions favourable to their existence did not exist. The moment these con- ditions came into being again, even within the same geographical area, the
animals and plants were found to accompany them ; and the peculiar physi- — eal conditions of the province of Kachh rendered it an admirably compact —
and useful illustration of this fact.
III.—ON THE IDENTITY OF THE SILUROID GENERA ERETHISTES AND HARA,—
by Surgeon Major Francis Day. [Received 28th May, 1872. ]
In my resumé of the fishes included in Genus Hara, Blyth, and pub- i lished in the “ Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,” 1870, p. 40, I did — not include Erethistes pusillus,* Miller and Troschel (Hore ichthiologice, —
1845), as that fish, the type of the Genus, was stated to be destitute of barbels
(except perhaps maxillary), whereas there are eight barbels in Hara.
Blyth in 1860 when describing the species, constituting his new genus —
Hara, made no allusion to H. pusillus, and Dr. Giinther in his fifth volume of the Catalogue of fish placed Hara as a doubtfull constituent of his sub-family Siluride proteroptere, and Lrethistes as probably one of the Siluride proteropodes.
I now propose advancing the opinion that not only are the genera
* This fish came from Asam where Pimelodus Hara, H. B., is found. €
eB
ee ee ene hee a
1872. | F. Day—On Kachh Fish. 123
Erethistes and Hara the same, but that the typical species of both is iden- tical. In other words that Hrethistes pusillus, Mull. and Trosch., the type of genus Lrethistes, is the same as Pimelodus hara, Ham. Buch., the type of the genus Hara, Blyth.
Having a few months since obtained a copy of “ Hore ichthiologice” from Berlin, I found that the figure of Hrethistes (excepting in the absence of barbels) corresponded with specimens of Pzmelodus hara, H. B., not only in the long processes about the nape and in the humeral region, but also in the pectoral spe and the number of fin rays. As, however, some of the apparent differences might be owing to the bad state of preservation in which the individual specimen was, or due to the abnormal absence of barbels, &c.; TI sent through Dr. Stoliczka a copy of my figure of Hara Buchanani, Blyth, to Dr. E. von Martens at Berlin, and he and Professor Peters having both kindly re-examined the type, came to the following conclusions.
Dr. E von Martens says that the origmal specimen described by Miiller and Troschel in 1845 is still in the Berlin Museum, and that it agrees in general aspect, from above, below, and laterally, with the figure of Hara Buchanani, also that the distribution of the denticles on the strong ray of the pectoral fin is the same, namely pairs of divergent denticles along its convex edge, and stronger ones on its concave. The mouth is injured in the specimen, and the barbels not visible. |
Professor Peters also remarks that the original specimen is not in a good state, but that it agrees in every respect with Hara Buchanani, except that it has no barbels ; he suspects, however, that they may have been lost ; for, he says, ‘ instead of thelower barbels there are on each side two small papillae to be seen, placed exactly in the sameway as the barbels in Mr. Day’s drawing.’
The name of the genus, therefore, must be Hrethistes, not Hara, the former having the priority, whilst #. puszllus will be a synonym of Hre- thistes hara, Ham. Buch., the name under which the Asamese species must stand.
IV.—Monoeraru oF Inpran Cyprryipe, (Part, V1),— by Surgeon Major F. Day.
This paper contains additions to the previous five parts on the same subject ; 1t will appear in the Journal.
.V.—NOoreEs ON FISH, COLLECTED BY Dr. Sronticzka 1n Kacnu,— by Surgeon Major ¥. Day.
The author ennumerates eighteen species of fresh water fish from Kachh. Anew Cyprinodon is described as an addition to the Indian fauna, the occur- rence of the genus in Indian fresh waters not having been previously known.
124 Stoliczka—On new Reptilia, etc. — [ JULY,
VI.—NOoTES ON SOME NEW SPECIES OF REPTILIA AND AMPHIBIA, COLLECTED BY Dr. W. Waacen 1n Nortu-WEstTERN PangaB,—
by Dr. F. SroriczKa.
Dr. Waagen has handed over to me a most interesting set of Reptilia and Amphibia, which he collected on his recent geological tour in the Saltrange of the Panjab, on the Indus about Kalabagh, in the Agror valley, — and at Marri. Out of twenty species, I find four undescribed, three lizards and one frog. The former are all of extreme interest ; two are second known species of each of the genera Gymnops and Blepharosteres, both — peculiar to Western andCentral India, and the third is a Steddio of which I | gave a review in the first number of the Journal for the current year.
The collections of Reptiles recently made in North-Western India appear to reveal a much greater richness of forms, than might have been expected from the aridity of the climate of these regions.
LACERTILIA.
1. AcantHopactyLus Canroris. (Vide ante p. 85, and J. A.S. B., XLI, Pt. ti, p. 91). Saltrange, and along the Indus about Kalabagh.
2. Opuiorps JERDONI. . (Vide ante p. 74 and J. A. S. B., XUI, Pt. ui, p. 89). Saltrange, apparently common ; also near Attock.
3. GYMNOPS MEIZOLEPIS, n. sp.
Form and proportion of the body quite similar to those of G. microle- pis,* but the scales are larger and fewer in number.
One anterior and two posterior frontals, both depressed along the — middle of the snout; vertical broad in front and obtuse, gradually nar-_— rowing posteriorly ; two large supra-orbitals, separated by a sub-triangu- — lar small shield from the post-frontals, and by a-narrow shield from the — outer hinder occipitals, these latter are separated from each other by a — narrow median occipital, followed by a small shield, and are much larger than . the anterior occipitals, each of which is triangular. Nostrils moderately — swollen, between an upper and lower shield, the former in contact behind the — rostral, and a third smaller post-nasal, which is again followed on the canthus — rostralis by a small shield, appearing to be a detached portion of either the — anterior loreal or the anterior frontal. A ring of small shields round the © eye, as if there were a rudiment of an eyelid on the front and hind angle, — exactly as in G. mcrolepis.
* When speaking of the scales of this species at p. 91 of J. A. S. B., XLI, pt. I, the sentence was unfortunately made to read, as if all the scales of the body were smooth; this is a mistake. Only the scales on the foreneck are sometimes almost granular and smooth, but all others are always distinctly keeled, though of very small size.
1872.] Stoliczka—On new Reptilia, ete. 125
Eight upper labials, the fifth under the orbit and much narrowed at the lower edge, the eighth is in immediate contact with the upper large and a lower small shield on the front edge of the spacious ear. Seven or eight narrow lower labials, also extending to the ear. Six pairs of enlarged chin-shields, the three first in contact. All scales above and at the sides keeled; those on the foreneck almost granular, and merely obtusely pointed ; on the body of moderate size, arranged in tolerably distinct transverse rows; those on the tail become still larger, sharper keeled, and are verticillate. There are twenty-eight longitudinal rows of scales across the back between the six rows of enlarged smooth ventral scales, and forty-five lateral transverse rows between the fore and hind limb. The shoulder-fold is continued on the
_ breast, indicated by a row of three much enlarged shields. Twelve femoral _ pores on either side, separated in the middle by one shield. Preanal shield
moderately enlarged, with a slightly smaller one above it. Sub-caudals not enlarged. All the scales on the upper side of the fore limb are enlarged, on the hind limb only those in front are large, the remainder being very much smaller than those on the upper side of the body ; the same difference in the size of the scales also exist in G. microlepis, but it is less prominent.
Fingers and toes very slender and sharply keeled below. The fore- limb when laid forward extends a little beyond the snout, and the hind limb nearly to the hinder angle of the eye.
Colour olive green, above, with whitish dorsal edges, accompanied by a series of smaller blackish spots on the inner, and considerably larger ones on the outer sides ; a white band from below the eye through the ear and along the middle cf the sides to the groin, also with dark spots or marblings below it ; lower side greenish albescent.
Loc. Tow country 8S. W. of Kalabagh on the Indus. The solitary specimen measures 4°7 inches, of which head and body are 1°5 inch.
Although this species much nearer approaches an Ophiops, than does G. microlepis, the scales are still considerably smaller when compared with those of the small sized Ophiops. The presence of a single postnasal seems to be more persistent than might have been expected,
4. EREMIAS Watsonanus. Vide ante, p. 86.
Specimens perfectly identical with those from Sind also occur near Kalabagh on the Indus. Some of the young specimens have a greater num- ber of white spots on the body than others, and the eyelids, lips below the eye and the entire sides of neck and belly are tinged with orange. The head is, as in young Acanthodactyli, comparatively short and high ; the nos- . trils are sometimes almost tubular, and the hinder occipitals occasionally from a suture behind a small triangular median occipital,
126 Stoliczka—On new Reptilia, ete. [Juny,
5. Hemripactytus Coctm. Kalabigh on the Indus. 6. 7 MacuLATUS. Marri (Western Himalaya, between 7000 and 8000 feet). : 7, GYMNODACTYLUS CASPIUS, Hichw., vide ante, p. 80. A female specimen without femoral pores, from the Agror valley, agrees” in every respect (except the enlarged chinshields) with Hichwald’s figure and description ; the fore limb when laid forward reaches beyond the snout with nearly half the length of the third finger.
8. Euprepes (TInIgUA) MONTICOLA.
A specimen from the Saltrange perfectly agrees with those noted on p- 120 of Pt. II. of the Journal for the present year. The occurrence of this species so far West, and in a so thoroughly different climate from that of Sikkim, makes Schlagintweit’s precise locality not only doubtful, but it now appears to me very improbable, that the species has at all been obtained in Sikkim.
Genus. BLEPHAROSTERES. Vide ante, p. 74.
As the following new species from the Panjab agrees in all essential points with the type of the genus, Bl. Grayanus, but has a small external — opening of the ear, the presence or absence of this character must be ex- cluded from the characteristic of the genus, which is similary the case in Ablepharus, and from which Blepharosteres differs by the entire absence of | eyelids.
9. BLEPHAROSTERES AGILIS, n. sp.
Body slender, but less depressed than in Bl. Grayanus, and with the tail, when perfect, very much longer than head and trunk together. Head shields regular: one frontal, two post-frontals, not in contact ; vertical forms a short suture with anterior frontal, and is either very narrowly truncate or pointed behind ; three supra-orbitals, the two anterior occasionally united into one shield, they are followed by two obliquely descending small shields; four occipitals, the anterior pair being united and posteriorly emarginate, in which emargination fits the obtuse point of the median occipital. One post-nasal , a loreal, sometimes confluent with the post-frontal ; a nearly complete ring of minute scales round the eye, with two small shields in the place of the pre- and post-oculars ; seven upper labials, the fifth entering the orbit ; several enlarged temporals, the largest im contact with the post-occipitals. Ear opening distinct, a little above the level of the angle of the mouth, with two small denticles on the front edge, and separated from the last upper labial by two enlarged shields. Six narrow lower labials, with the adjoining chin-shields as usually enlarged.
Six series of scales along the back, including one on either edge, four or five pairs immediately following the occipitals are transversely much elongat>
aK
a
1872.] Stoliczka—On new Reptilia, ete. 127
ed, and occupy the whole width of the neck, as is often the case in Docoa. There are, twenty-one to twenty-two longitudinal rows of scales round the body, and forty-five or fifty transverse rows between the fore and hind limbs.
ean pair of moderately enlarged pre-anals ; sub-caudals all single.
Third and fourth finger as usually nearly equal, but the fourth toe conspicuously longer than the third; palm and sole entirely granular, and the fingers and toes below with a row of compressed sharp tubercles, exactly asin Bl. Grayanus. ‘The fore limb, when laid forward, reaches to, or slightly beyond, the angle of the mouth, and the length of the hind limb varies from one-half to three seventh the distance between it and the fore limb.
Colour, above, greenish olive, with or without slight traces of dark spots on the back, but more distinct ones on the tail, edge of back irridesent whit-
_ ish; sides pale greenish, with a dark band through the eye to the shoulder,
becoming narrower farther one and lining the pale edge of the back ; remain- der of sides with three or four dusky longitudinal stripes, nearly dissolved into small transversely arranged dark spots at the side of the tail, and alter-
: nating with white spots ; below albescent, somewhat dusky on the tail ; limbs | pale yellowish, on the upper side with longitudinal brown stripes, below
uniform.
Size of a specimen with perfect tail 3:4 inches, head and body being 1.3 inch. I have examined two specimens from S. W. of Kalabagh on the
Indus.
This species differs from Bl. Grayanus by its well developed opening of the ear, slightly larger number of longitudinal, and transverse series of scales, by a greater number of enlarged scales behind the occipitals, and also by a more regular striation at the sides of the body.
10. CALorEs VERSICOLOR.—Marri (Western Himalaya, between 7000
and 8000 feet).
11. TRAPELUS MEGALONYX, vide ante, p. 88.
About Kalabigh on the Indus ; rare. In younger specimens from both provinces, Sind and the Panjab, there
- is very little or hardly any difference in the size of the scales of the back, all of
which are larger than those of the sides ; while in Giinther’s figure the dorsal scales appear to differ considerably in size among themselves, but, as all the other characters agree, I do not think that they can represent two distinct
species.
12. STELLIO TUBERCULATUS. (Comp. J. A. S. B., XLI, pt. II, p. 115),
This species is extremely common all over the Western Himalayas.
In younger specimens there is always a conspicuous black band between the
eye and the tympanum, and there is also some black round the eye.
128 Stoliczka—On new Reptilia, ete. [Juny,
13. SrEeLLI0 AGRORENSIS, n. sp. ‘
General form of the body as in St. tuberculatus, but more depressed. 4
All the head shields, above, are sharply keeled; the nasal is usually anteriorly prolonged and in contact with the rosteals a row of enlarged — sharply keeled scales extends from below the eye to above the tympanum ; several rows of moderately elongate scales along the upper and lower labials, © of each of which there are about ten on either side. Several groups of en- larged spines on the sides of the neck, two or three spines on the upper, — and the same number on the front edge of the tympanum. A distinct fold across the throat, with a naked pit in front of each shoulder. Eight or ten — rows of moderately enlarged scales along the middle of the back, very much — decreasing in size already between the shoulders, but particularly on the ~ neck, where they are almost finely spinulose, divided in the middle by a low — crest of distinctly enlarged scales. Scales at the sides of the body very much smaller than on the middle of the back, and arranged in tolerably regular transverse rows; there are no single scales perceptibly enlarged between them, but those on the sides of the middle part of the belly are all enlarged, and the lowest of them exceed in size those of the back. Through this — character alone the species is readily distinguished from both, S¢. tubercula- — tus and Dayanus. Scales on the lower side smooth, rather small, generally — with a double longitudinal row of enlarged ones along the middle of the belly, and three to five transverse rows on the pre-anal region, where they are spongy or porose in the centre. The scales on the upper side of the fore limb are almost equal among themselves and enlarged, on the hind limb some ~ are, however, considerably larger than others ; on the tail they are regularly — verticillate.
In specimens which appear to be hardly full grown, I count from one — hundred and thirty to one hundred and sixty-four longitudinal series of scales round the middle of the body, and of these there are fifty to fifty-six rows along — the belly, the scales being on it conspicuously smaller than in equally large — specimens of tuberculatus and Dayanus. When compared with the former of these two species, the hind limbs of St. Agrorensis are decidedly longer. ~ The fore limb when laid backward just or barely reaches the groin, but the — hind limb when laid forward fully extends to the eye, or even to its J anterior edge. In a perfect specimen of medium size, the tail is double the length of the head and body together. a
The general coloration, above, is olive or blackish brown. The head in the very young is marked with more or less confluent yellow spots; the — neck and back with three sulphur yellow longitudinal bands, the middle of 4 which continues on the tail; a yellow band commences on the rostral, 3 extends on either side along fae upper labials, passes through the lower | portion of the tympanum, then across the shoulder and along the sides of the _
a
1872. | Stoliczka—On new Reptilia, ete. 129
body to the groin, continuing on the tail. The brown between the five longitudinal bands is indistinctly marked with paler spots. Limbs, above, spotted with yellow ; entire lower side yellowish white, with dusky bluish reticulation on the chin and breast, and a dark stripe on the hinder side of the femora. Some specimens measuring up to ten inches still have the colora- tion of the young, only the yellow on the lips and on the top of the head becomes tinged with olive, and the longitudinal bands with reddish, while the intermediate spots on the upper body are brighter yellow. Other specimens have no trace of longitudinal bands, the entire upper side of the body being brown with more or less confluent yellow spots, as in twberculatus and Daya- nus, but the spots are larger, and more numerous, than in the two former species. The tail is olive and more or less spotted at the base, dark brown to- wards the tip ; reproduced portions are entirely black, as in the next species.
The largest specimen, out of nine examined, measures 16 inches, head and body being 42 inch.
Loc.—Sussel pass, at the entrance into the Agror valley, about 6,000 feet high. |
14. Svrerito MELANURUS. (See Proc. A. S. B., Sept., 1871, p. 189).
I have little to add to Dr. Anderson’s description of this species. The median crest exists only on the hind neck, and is composed of two alterna- ting series of enlarged scales. The enlarged scales of the back are broader than long, and give at the first sight the impression of being semilunar ; their outermost rows gradually (not abruptly) pass into the scales of the sides, at least they do so inadult specimens. There is no distinet ridge of enlarged scales between the ear and the eye, such as may be seen in the two previous species, or in Dayanus,* but the enlarged scales of the head simply extend on to the region between the eye and the ear.
The young is olive above, yellowish white below ; entire head including the chin and front breast reticulated with black ; neck, body, limbs and base of tail above with numerous small black and interpersed yellow spots ; eye- lids and supraciliary ridge yellow; tail dusky black towards the tip. The adults are more brownish olive, with the dark reticulations on the upper head less distinct, the black spots on the body small and more or less confluent, but the yellow spots more brightly coloured, and of much larger size ; tail pale yellowish at the base, but for the greater part of its length entirely black.
The largest of three specimens measures: total length 12°5, of which head and body are 4°75 inches.
Loc.—Plateau extending from Rawalpindi towards the Salt Range,
* T am rather surprised at Dr. Anderson’s suggestion (I. cit. p. 188) that my “large scaled form,” namely St. Dayanus, is an adult of melanwrus ; for Dr. Anderson has not only seen with me young and adult specimens of St. Dayanus, but actually compared the type of St, melanurus with them.
130 Stoliczka—On new Reptilia, ete. [ Jury,
averaging about 1,000 feet in height; rare, according to Dr. Waagen.—It is most probable that Theobald’s specimen was from the same locality, as he had visited the Saltrange prior to the time, when he presented the type of this species to the Asiat. Soc. Museum. |
OPHIDIA.
15. ZAMENIS VENTRIMACULATUS. Vide ante, p. 82.
Saltrange, and Mt. Sirban near Abottabad, at an elevation of nearly 6,000 feet.
The adults are occasionally coloured uniform olive, with fine longitudi- nal dark stripes along the scales, becoming better visible, when the epidermis — is slightly injured; head marbled with dark, without bands ; ante- and post- ocular region and cheek yellow; below yellowish, with or without lateral dark spots on the ventrals. One specimen measures 51 inches, the tail being — 12:5 inches ; ventrals 214, and sub-caudals 180.
This is probably the same snake which Jan more recently described as Zamenis persicus, and which, Ginther says, is ‘ probably = Z. Chesnet.’ (Zool. Records 1867, p. 140).
16. TRoPIDONOTUS PLATYCEPS. (Comp. J. A. S. B., xxxix, Pt. II p- 191). Marri, (Western Himalaya, about 6,000 feet).
17. Hatys Himatayanvs. Occurring with the last.
BATRACHTIA.
18. Rana CYANOPHLYCTIS, (ante, p. 102.)
Marri, (Western Himalaya, about 6,000 feet).
19. RANA VICINA, n. sp.
Habit moderately slender, with very long limbs. Skin smooth, at the sides and posteriorly with few scattered, small, tubercles ; below, entirely smooth. Snout obtuse, considerably longer than the breadth between the eyes ; canthus rostralis rounded; nostrils an oblique slit, almost nearer to the eye than to the point of snout. Tympanum quite indistinct. Tips of fingers and toes distinctly swollen, rounded, not flattened; toes fully webbed, the webs reaching to the tips of the toes, but they are distinctly emarginate. ‘Tongue broadly ovate, slightly emarginate posteriorly. _Vome- rine teeth in two small groups, the distance between them being equal to that between one of them and the respective choana, the opening of which is about equal in width to one of the groups of teeth.
The colour of the single adult specimen is, above, ashy olive, with the tubercles on the body whitish, a narrow dusky band between the eyes ; black, somewhat interrupted stripe from the pale tip of the snout to ne eye, skirting the edges of the eye and continuing as a broader band to the shoulder ; lip black, hind-limbs, above, with numerous transverse dark bands (five being on the femur) ; front and hinder sides of both limbs, involving
1872.| Blochmann—WVote on a new King of Bengal. 131
the fingers and toes, very distinctly variegated with black ; lower lip spotted with black ; chin and breast dusky, rest of lower side yellowish white.
Body from tip of snout to anus 2:2 inches, which length is slightly less than that of the femur and tibia together; the total length of the hind- limb being 4 inches, that of the fourth toe barely exceeding half the length of the body, and being only slightly less than the total length of the fore-limb.
Loc.—Marri, Western Himalaya, about 6,000 feet.
The great length of the hind-limbs, the very markedly swollen and rounded tips of the toes, smooth skin, absence of the lateral folds, and the broad, shightly emarginate tongue constitute characters which readily distin- guish this species from others. In general habitus it resembles R. Sikkim- ensis. (Vide ante, p. 103).
20. Buro virivis. Near Abottabad, Western Himauya.
VII.— The Conquest of South India, in the 12th Century, by Pardkrama Bahu, the great King of Ceylon—By J. Ruyve Davips, District Judge, Anuradhapura, Ceylon.
(Abstract.)
Mr. Rhye Davids states that the Dambulla Inscription mentions the expeditions made by Parakrama Bahu’s generals into South India, but no detailed account had yet been published. The history of these expeditions is given in the Mahawansa, Chapters 76 and 77, a translation of which would be a formidable task, and would occupy too much space, while a shorter account from one of the many trustworthy Siihalese histories would be useful to those who take an interest in the history and ancient geography of the Dak’hin. For this purpose, the author has chosen the Narandracharitavalo- kana Pradipikawa, which is known to be almost a liberal translation of the Mahwansa, with many omissions.
The paper mentions incidentally that Parakrama Bahu struck copper
coins. There are three copper coins of Parakrama Bahu, two given in Prin- sep (Mr. Thomas’s Edition, I, 419), of which Mr. Rhye Davids knows some - twenty or thirty examples, and one very rare with a well-executed lion on
the reverse by the side of the standing figure. It also appears that the
gold coin with the inscription Lankeswara, unassigned by Prinsep, must
have been struck by Parékrama Bahu.
VIII.—Note on a new King of Bengal. By H. Buocumann, M. A., Calcutta Madrasah. (Abstract.) Mr. Blochmann exhibited the rubbing of an inscription from a ruined Mosque at Kalnah, on the Higli. The rubbing was communicated by Mr. Walter M. Bourke, and is beautifully taken. Mr. Bourke, a fortnight ago,
132 Blochmann—Note on a new King of Bengal. [Juty, |
sent also an excellent set of rubbings of the Doholdig’hi Inscriptions, Dinaj- pur, which were published in the Journal for this year (Pt. I, p. 105), and has promised to favor the Society with a note on the locality where the in- — scriptions are taken from.
The Kalnah inscription states that the Mosque was founded during the reign of ’Alduddin Abul Muzaffar Firviz Shah, son of Nugrah Shah, A. H., — 939.
The reign of this king cannot have been of long duration, and it may be that he only reigned in Western Bengal. The histories extend the — reign of his father Nucrah Shah to 940, A. H., and then mention Mahmud Shah, but make no mention of this Firuz Shah (1I.), whose name has hither- — to been found on no inscription or coin.
Arrangements have been made to secure the stone of this interesting inscription for the Indian Museum.
Mr. Blochmann also mentioned that he lately received a reading of © the inscription on Shah Nafah’s Dargah at Munger, according to which the Dargah was built in A. H. 902, by Danial Shahzadah, son of Sultan Husain © Shah. A rubbing of this important inscription has been called for. If the transcript is reliable, it would correct two facts, first, the beginning of Hu- sain Shah’s reign, which the histories commence from 905, A. H., and, second. — ly, the name of his son, which Prinsep’s Antiquities (Thomas’s Edition, — Useful Tables, p. 278) give as “ Dulal Ghazi, son of Hosain Shah.” | |
The meeting then adjourned.
4872. | Library. 133
LIBRARY.
The following additions have been made to. the Library, since the meet- ing held in June last.
Presentations. *,* Names of Donors in Capitals.
Proceedings, Sessions 1870-71; Transactions, Vol. XXVI, parts IT- TI.—Txe Royar Socrery oF Eprnsures.
Transactions, Vol. XIV, part I; Proceedings, Vol. XI, Nos. 84, 85.— THe AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL Society, PHILADELPHIA.
Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. XX, No. 183.—Tue Royan Socrety or Lonpoy.
Geological Survey of New York, Paleontology, Vol. IV, part I, Fossil Brachiopoda, by J. Hall—Tue State or New York.
- Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Vol. XVII.—Tre Surrn- SONLAN INsrrruTe.
Second Annual Report, Board of Indian Commissioners.—TuE Boarp oF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS, WASHINGTON.
Report of Commissioner of Agriculture, 1869; Monthly Report for 1870.—THe DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON.
Transactions, Vol. II, part L—THe Connecticut ACADEMY oF ARTs AND SCIENCES.
Bulletin, Vol. II, Nos. I-IJI.—TuHe Musrtum or ComMParattvE Zoo- LoGy AT Harvard CoL~Ltecre, CamBriner, Mass.
Journal Asiatique, January, 1872.—La Socrn’rr’ AstatiquE, Paris.
Journal, Vol. V, part I1.—TxHe Royan Asiatic Socrery oF GREat BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
Bulletin, Mars 1872.—La Socrn’tH’ DE Gr/OGRAPHIE, Paris.
Bulletin, Juillet eb Aout 1871.—La Socin’rtr’ Dd’ ANTHROPOLOGIE DE Paris.
Actes, 8e et 4e Trimestres 1870.—L’ AcaDE’MIn NATIONALE DES SerEn- cES, Beties-LErTrES ET ARTS DE BorDEAvx.
Monatsbericht, Februar 1872.—Ko6niaticH PREUSSISCHEN AKADEMTE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN ZU BERLIN.
Transactions Vol. I.—Tne Inp1an Encrnerers’ Assocration, Catcur- TA.
Electricity by Sir W. Snow Harris, translated into Urdu ; Political Economy, part in Urdu; Geography, in Urdu.—TueE Screnriric Assocra- TION OF ALLYGURT. ee
The Calcutta Journal of Medicine, January and February, 1872.—TE EDITOR.
134 Library. 3 [JuLy,
The Christian Spectator, June and July, 1872.—Tue Eprror.
Hindu Tribes and Castes in Benares, by Rev. M. A. Sherring—Tur
AUTHOR. The Bengal Reversion, by Major E. Bell—Tue Avrnor.
Selections from the Kulliyat of Sonda, translated into English.—Cap- —
yarn M. H. Court. Flora Sylvatica, parts 17-21; Icones Plantarum Indie Orientalis, part 9.—TuE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, HomE DEPARTMENT.
Report on the Charitable Dispensaries under the Goverriment of Ben |
gal, 1870.—THE GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL. Exchange. Nature, Nos. 181-184, 1872.
Purchase.
The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, May, 1872.—The Lon- don, E. and D. Philosophical Magazine, May, 1872.—The American Journal
of Science, March and April, 1872.—The Ibis, April, 1872.—The Edinburgh —
Review, April, 1872.—Revue des Deux Mondes, 15th April, 1872.—Journal des Savants, March, 1872.—Comptes Rendus, 14-17—The Indian Anti- quary, June, 1872.
—
SN ee a ee ee Se ene ee
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
foR_ flucusT, 1872.
The monthly general meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday the 7th instant, at 9 P. M.
T. Oldham, Esq., LL. D., President, in the chair.
The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.
The following presentations were laid on the table— .
1. From the Editor,—A copy of “Ocean Highways. The Geographi- eal Record,” for July, 1872.
2. From the Author—A copy of ‘ Panjab Manufactures,’ by B. H. Baden Powell, Esq.
3. From the Author,—A copy of the Report of the Survey Operations in connection with the Right Column of the Lushai Expedition, by Major J.
_ Macdonald, Officiating Deputy Surveyor General.
4. From 8. EH. Peal, Esq., Sapakati, Assam,—A model illustrating the Naga method of climbing large trees, and a celt.
The following communication accompanied the donation.—
‘T send a small box with a rough model shewing the way Nagas climb trees, by a bamboo pegged to the stem ; I see the subject alluded to in your Pro- ceedings and Journal Pt. I, for 1872, Plate V, and that the Naga method seems superior to that described by Mr. Wallace, where tying seems needful.
‘With Nagas the tying is wholly unnecessary, pegs being driven into the right and left alternately, so that they hold the bamboo rigid. It can neither be pulled away, nor yet be forced against the stem. In other re-
| spects, 1t seems the identical custom.
‘I send with the model a peg full size with portion of the node left on as is often done as extra security. ‘ When newly fixed up, the bamboo is (or ought be) quite rigid and not
| the smallest vibration possible. In going up, it feels like an iron rod. I have
136 Nigaé method of climbing trees. [Avaus ,
seen men go up 60 or 70 feet, to rob a bird’s nest, but practically there is no particular limit in height.
‘They are only precluded from ascending hard, thin-barked, trees, al- though these can be ascended all the same ; still some trees they practically do not try, as they cannot rely on the pegs holding; they would not even hold if tied. 3
‘Bears ascend readily all the trees with thick barks, and tracks are often seen steadily going up the face of a huge Choppa (Sampa), or Michelia, 50 and 60 feet high, to get a bee’s nest; they as steadily come down the other side.
‘Nagas will ascend a large tree, if thick-barked and leaning over slightly, and then without any ladder at all, simply notching holes for the toes. Over 8 feet diameter, however, a tree becomes difficult to grasp ; but if less than a foot, they seldom even notch it, and I have seen a Naga go up a Sowah tree, or Caryota palm, his feet holding on merely by the slight leaf scars. The first that tried it failed, and nearly fell when about 40 feet high (became “winded” as they say); but another Naga at once pushed the first one aside on coming down and went up quickly and easily.
‘I may just mention perhaps that the huge Mekai trees (Artocarpus Mekabi) on the Upper Dihing, in Namrup and the Hills thereabout, have literally hundreds of bee’s nests on each, no doubt caused by the fact that @ neither bears, nor Nagas, can climb them.
‘In the box sent, I have also enclosed a celt dug up at Kanoo Tea Fac- tory near me, by Mr. J. W. Donaldson, who immediately gave it me. It was at about 2 feet from the surface in wnadisturbed stratified loam, and found while digging a hole for a tea-house post. Celts are not very uncommon, though noteasy to get. The Asamese say they are thunder-bolts. Light- ning is said to be of two kinds, ‘ Hil Sorog’ and ‘Jui Sorog’, and on any- thing being struck by lghtning, they say, “if Hil Sorog, there will be found buried 10 or 15 feet under ground a stone-axe !”
‘They attach value to them as a means of charming or mesmerising 3 | singularly enough, the superstition, referred to by Dr. Anderson, of the Pandeesg is common here i for they say these stone axes es rise to the sulla met with, as things that “ belonged Ko a previous race, with shite they have” no business to meddle.” |
‘For the future I will try and collect them, and attach notes to each and send them to your Society.
‘T wish daily that I was living among these pales in their hills. should feel quite at home there, and they would make me so at once, as wé » now know one another well. I could then work steadily at everything thal was of interest among these really strange people.
e
1872. ] Nagi villages. 137
‘They are far more singular, ruder, wilder, and savage, also more cut up and given to fighting than the tribes towards the Lushai frontier. Indeed, east and west of a large tract opposite me, the tribes gradually rise in civi- lization. Fifty miles east there is little fighting; the villages are built in close rows of houses, shewing their sense of security, with the eaves almost touching, and no jungle about at all.
‘This same style prevails 50 miles West of me, and also I see at Byichas villages. But opposite me it is all totally different, for some 30 or 40 tribes or more. ‘These build their houses scattered about on a craggy peak that is naturally nearly inaccessible, and has but one or two pathways. In every village therefore, only 2 or 3, or at most 4, houses can be seen at once
-andahunt has to be made for them as it were, leaving ample ambuscade
all around from which to surprise any attacking party. A scattered village, therefore, is not only more defensible, but more difficult to attack, loot, and
fire.
‘To illustrate my meaning I send a sketch outline of the Kulin Mutons’ Chang, and have tinted the roofs visible from the plains with yellow ochre. Such a village as this, is quite invulnerable to Ndgds, and would be far more difficult for us to attack and take than those Lishai villages evidently were. ‘This village comprises the entire sub-tribe, and is of great extent. To
take and ransack such a place in a short time would be simply impossible. And at the slightest alarm, every soul could be instantly secure and in- visible. A much larger force would be needed to surround it, in fact that
would be also impossible, and thus there would be plenty of time to rally,
and ground to rally on, if an attack were made on any point.
SE ere er EE mw ome
‘About the tattoo marks, you say that in Col. Dalton’s book there is a Naga chief from south of St{bsigar who is not tattooed. I only know of one tribe, and by hearsay too, that does not tattoo in some way. Some tribes do not tattoo on the face; but it is general all over the Hills near me for the reasons assigned. The proof indeed is clear enough, because there are exceptional cases of untattooed Nagas here and there—men who have not got a head, or men who are cowards naturally, or may have been warned by their bad luck, when tried by eggs, that they would get killed themselves.
‘Lads are often untattooed till the age of eighteen and twenty, but seldom untattooed after that age.
‘Among the Angémis I cannot say if tattooing is common or not. Nor can I say if the.Rengm4 Nag4s do or the Sati Nagas. The Nagas east of the Dihing River do not tattoo, I THrvx, neither do they take heads.
_ They are under the Singphus, who are responsible to us for their good
behaviour. ‘As to the Nagéni (Pl. VI of the Journal) being too good looking,
138 Copper plate inscription from Karennee. [Avevst,
she 19 for the average run of them, but some again are still better. Indeed, a full length life size figure of a good one in oil, with all the beads, brace- lets, dyed goat hair, shells, &c., being in leu a eae would create a perfect fwrore in the Royal Academy any year.’
5. From Col. J. H. Haughton, C. S. I.,—A brass sleeve link ball ing an Arabic inscription.
6. From Captain W. G. Hughes, Superintendent Hill Tracts, Ar-— racan,—A facsimile of a copper plate inscription found at Karennee. |
The following letter accompanied the donation.
“T have enclosed under cover a brief notice and a facsimile of a re-— markable plate, which exists in the country of the non-tributary tribe of Karens of Western Karennee under Chiefs Koonte, and for which I have to thank the Rev. Mr. Bunker, a Missionary stationed at Tounghoo. It was forwarded me when I was Officiating Deputy Commissioner of 'Toun- ghoo District, and perhaps as the characters would appear to be unknown, a notice of it in the Society’s papers might lead. to some useful resuit, and throw some additional hght on the history of that portion of the coun- try inhabited by wild tribes.”
Mr. Bunker’s note is as follows—
“ Enclosed please find the copy of the metallic plate which I found in Karennee on my last journey to that country. i
“This plate is formed of mixed metal which resembles gold and cop- : per, one half gold, 7. e., one half of the transverse axis of the plate, while the rest resembles copper,—the two joined together showing an irregular line through the length of the plate. Theealousy of the chiefs would not allow a very careful examination, hence there is much uncertainty as to the real character of the metal. The plate is six inches long by two © in width, and about one-fourth of an inch in thickness. It is engraved — with the character, the copy of which I enclose, on both sides of the plate. The cutting of the letters is clear and deep, but the slips of the chisel — in engraving, are many, showing a hand not greatly skilled in such work, — yet compared with the ordinary skill displayed by natives of this country, —
Cp le
it may be pronounced excellent. “The traditions of this plate are very many, extending throughout 4 all the tribes of Karens from Tounghoo to Mergui. Of course, these traditions take different forms among different tribes, but they manifestly point to this, or a similar plate, as their origin. ; “The Red Karen chiefs and old men themselves know nothing of the | origin of this plate further than their traditions. Evidently the plate ~ came into the possession of the Karennee chiefs, before the remembrance | of any man now living among them. They say that it has been handed } down from chief to chief from most ancient times, and of course, they
e
1872.] Accident from lightning at Landour. 139
surround it with all the mystery they can. Hence they say that ‘the Great God gave it to them in most ancient times.’
“This plate, whatever be its origin, exerts a great power over the com- mon people. In fact, the chief owes much of his authority over the people to this plate. Also most of the revenue which comes to him from the people is derived indirectly from this plate.
“They hold the plate in great fear and reverence. The common peo- ple have never seen it save on great feast days, and then but few are so bold as to look upon it, as they say it will blind them by its glory. They also believe that it possesses life, and assure me that it must be fed with its own peculiar food, or else great suffering will come upon the people. Now it happens that the food most pleasing to it is s¢lver ;—after this, meats and rice. Once in a year the whole nation assemble to feed their plate,
and so the chief receives quite a revenue from this custom alone. “It was with great difficulty that we obtained a sight of the plate, so great is the fear of the chiefs. At the time, we asked for other plates, which we had reason to suspect were in their hands, but they denied the possession of them. But I have learned since that there is at least one more, of silver, and several of ivory, which I hope to obtain by and by. “ Hoping some one may be found who will be able to decipher this character.” 7. From the Government of Madras, Revenue Department,—Copies of the Survey of the site of the Rock Inscriptions at Jogada Naugam in the Ganjim District, and of Mr. Grahame’s transcripts of the inscriptions, — with a set of the papers relating to them. 8. From the Government of India, Public Works Department,—A copy of the correspondence, regarding a recent accident from Lightning at Landouwr. The Secretary read the following memorandum accompanying the correspondence. “ At about 10 Pp. mM. on the 19th instant, in the midst of a severe thun- der-storm, the Orderly Room was struck with lightning at the ridge, and the thatching was set on fire, which was extinguished with great difficulty at about 11°30; or in an hour and a half afterwards. ) The electric fluid forced a. passage down the gable of the cross wall, : to the top of the door, and thence in a zigzag direction, to the bottom of : the main wall, through which it passed underneath at the foundation, into : the verandah, where it exploded, upheaving a portion of the pucca terraced
flooring, to the depth of more than one foot, with a diameter of about two. | At, and adjacent to, the spot where the explosion took place, the verandah » had been excavated to a depth of about 23 feet, and moist earth only
was found, hence it is concluded, that the charge must have been extra-
aE aa —aS_!_!_aaaa==a__
140 Electrotypes of two ancient seals. | AUGUST,
ordinarily great, not to have been wholly absorbed by the extreme damp- ness of the earth. That a part of the electric fluid only exploded, there — can be no doubt.”
The following gentlemen duly proposed and seconded at the last meet- ing were balloted for and elected Ordinary Members— Babu Vipinavihari Mukerji. Capt. F. St. Quintin Clutterbuck. P. Dejoux, Esq. Rev. Laurentius O. Skrefsrud. H. Beverly, Esq., C. S., (for re-election). The following are candidates for ballot at the next meetng— : C. P. Gordon, Esq., proposed by L. Schwendler, Esq,, seconded by Dr. F. Stoliczka. ’ Lieut. W. A. Holcombe, Manbhim, proposed by Dr. J. A. P. Collis seconded by Capt. W. L. Samuells. Lieut. W. S. S. Bisset, R. E., proposed by Col. H. Hyde, seconded — by H. Blochmann, Esq. KE. H. Man, Esq., Port Blair, proposed by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M. B., seconded by J. Wood-Mason, Esq.
The following gentlemen have intimated their desire to withdraw from the Society Major J. M. Graham. C. B. Saunders, Hsq., C. B. M. L. Ferrar, Esq., B. A., (On leaving India.) The President announced that His Excellency the Viceroy and — Governor-General of India, had been pleased to accept the office of Patron — of the Society. ‘
The following letter from the Private Secretary to the Viceroy was read— :
“TI am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 24th — ultimo, requesting on behalf of the Council of the Asiatic Society, that the Viceroy and Governor-General would consent to accept the office of — Patron, and to state in reply that His Excellency feels much honoured by : ‘the offer conveyed in your letter under acknowledgment, and has much — pleasure in acceding to the request of the Council.” %
Babu Rajendralala Mitra sent for exhibition Electrotypes of two 4 ancient seals procured for him by Col. G. Pearse.
The following communication from Babi Rajendraléla Mitra regarding them was read—
~~. ; !
1872. | Notes on Raja Todar Mall. 141
“The electrotypes have been taken from two ancient seals in cornelian in the possession of Col. G. Pearse. The characters on them are of the Shah type, and as old as the Christian era. I read them salyd wag, a feminine name, the wife of Salya, or ‘a water-nymph,’ from sala, water. In the Mahabharata a name very like it occurs as that of the maternal uncle of Yudhishthira, but it begins with the palatal s’, and the name of the owner of the seals was, of course, a different and much later personage.
“The first syllable sa is undoubted; so are the / and the final long vowel 4; but the yisapuzzle. At first, I took it for a ¢, a; but I am now disposed to read it as ay. ‘The figure at the end of the line is a star or full stop, and not a letter.”
The Philological Secretary read the following letter from Babi Kashi- nath, Head Master, Anglo-Vernacular School, Sirsa, Allahabad, regarding Raja Todar Mall.
“ T read with much interest and pleasure the letters from Mr. M. L. Ferrar and Maulavi Muhammad Husain of the Lahor College and your own remarks regarding Raja Todar Mall, which appeared in the Proceedings of your Society for February 1872. Beinga Zundun Khatri, the same caste to which the Rajé belonged, and a resident of Agrah, I beg to offer a few remarks on that distinguished minister of Akbar, which I hope you will lay before the next meeting of the Society.
“Maulavi Muhammad Husain says that Raja Todar Mall could not have been a Kaith, because the syllable Mall is never used by that caste. But the syllables Mall, Das, Prdsada, Rém, are not peculiar to any particular caste or clan in Upper India; they are equally applicable to all Hindus. The Raja being a K’hatri is quite certain from historical and
- traditional evidence, and to call him a Kaith, seems to be an unconscious mistake on the part of the editor of Elphinstone’s History of India. “Tn para. 2 of his letter, the Maulavi says, “There is a Mahallah in Agrah, where the funeral ceremonies ((.3s431) are performed by all K’hatris, and every one there knows that it was the Mahallah where Todar Mall used to live. In fact he had chosen his residence there, in order to be present at the funeral ceremonies of members of his caste.” Agrah is my _ birth-place, but I am not aware of the existence of such a Mahallah. There are three Mahallas only (Méithin ateura, Pannigali yqaladt, and Chatta gt) and which are solely inhabited by K’hatris, and which are as old as Akbar’s time, containing two temples of white and black marble, con- » secrated to Mahadeva built by a K’hatri named Raison Das, who is said _ to have been a mutagaddi at Akbayr’s court. There is an open space just in
front of Mahallah Chatta, now occupied by a fai, where a funeral ceremony _ pecuhar to us is up to the present time performed by K’hatris. When
142 Notes on Réija Todar Mall. [Avaust,
all have returned from the burning ghat, the chief mourner saluting each brother, bids him go home. The plot of ground is associated with the following curious tradition. Once there stood at that place the house of a proud K’hatri, who used to send his shoe instead of personally attending at the funeral obsequies, when a member of his caste had died. It once happened that a person of his family died. No brother, however, came to take the dead to the ghat, but each sent his shoe, as the proud K’hatri had done. It must be borne in mind that it is considered a disgrace, not only — among K’hatris, but also among other higher castes of our country, to allow — the dead to be touched by other hands than those of one’s brethren; and the K’hatri being thus humbled, went from door to door, repenting his past _ follies and asking for forgiveness. ‘Though all yielded to his entreaties, it was resolved as a lasting punishment for him that the K’hatris of Agrah should henceforward perform the funeral ceremonies before his house, and since that time the present custom has been in force. | “ A tradition among us says that though Raja Todar Mall was one of the first men in the Empire, favoured by the Emperor and the princes, he — was never unkind even to the poorest of his caste. The following I often — heard cited as an example of his modesty. On the occasion of the marriage of his son, he distributed among K’hatris gendoras (cakes made of sugar only) with a valuable jewel placed on each. His servants forgot to present the usual share (Html) to a very poor man, who, thereupon, complained to his friends. When the complaint reached Todar Mall, he immediately went barefooted and bareheaded to the door of the man Supe double the share, — humbly begging his pardon.”
Also a letter from W. M. Bourke, Esq., regarding the localities in which the Dinajptir inscriptions published in Journal, Part I, for 1872, p. 102, were found.
“The description given by Buchanan of the ruins at Gangarampir is not —
in accordance with their present appearance. The ruins now consist of an outer oblong chamber, its length being from east to west. There are three doors on the south side of this chamber facing the tank mentioned in 7 Mr. Blochmann’s notice of Gangaramptr, Dinajpur, published at p. 102, ©
Part I, of the Society’s Journal for this year. Opposite the central door a
is a door opening into a square inner apartment, in which there is a plain |
earthen grave, over which a cloth is spread as a mark of reverence. There ~ is no vestige of a roof on any part of the building; but the walls are 4 standing, except at the western end of the oblong chamber, which has fallen. — q Here a column, still erect, and many detached stones beautifully carved + unmistakeably indicate Hindi workmanship.
The present position of the inscriptions, taking them in the order given on page 103 of the Journal, is as follows: The jirst is over the inner
a
1872. ] Stoliczka—Barmese Reptiles. 143
door abovementioned ; the second is to the right of that door. The fourth is to the left, and the fifth is to the right of the easternmost of the three doors on the south face of the building. A heap of rubbish covers the wall almost to the level of the base of the last mentioned inscription ; but there is no appearance inside the chamber at this place of a door, nor is there anything indicating that there was a vault there. The Muhammadan custom of building into the walls of ruins inscriptions that have fallen or become detached might account for the altered position in which the inscrip- tions are now found from what they are described by Buchanan to have occu- ~ pied nearly forty years ago, were it not that there is no new masonry, nor any break in the courses in the walls round the inscriptions, or indeed in any part of the walls. I made a careful enquiry from the person in charge of the ruins, and from other persons living in the vicinity, but they had no knowledge of any other inscription than the four abovementioned ever having been seen at the place. This was in the month of June last.
“The translation published by Thomas, and which he received from Col. Nassau Lees was made by the latter from a rubbing of the inscription numbered I., by Mr. Blochmann, taken by me in 1868, and then shown to Col. Lees. The Kai Kats Shah mentioned in that inscription is referred to in the Society’s Journals for 1864, page 579, and for 1867, page 40. It will afford me much pleasure if the rubbings of the Gangaramputr inscriptions which I took last month will resolve the doubt expressed by Mr. Blochmann, in the translation of his No. I inscription, or supply the date wanting in the rubbing furnished him of his No. IV inscription.”
The President laid before the meeting a copy of Dalton’s “ Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal,’ and remarked that the editing of these papers had beer undertaken by himself and Mr. Blochmann, at the latter end of 1870, at the request of the Council. The work had been some time in press owing to various causes, and to the delay which must necessarily arise in getting so many and such excellent lithographic illustrations executed, but
.the Editors had now much pleasure in laying a complete copy before the
Society. The following papers were read—
I.—NoteE oN A FEW BARMESE SPECIES OF SAauRIA, OPHIDIA AND Batracuta,—by Dr. F. SroniczKa.
I have lately received from Mr. Theobald a few very interesting species of Reptiles and Amphibians, collected by him in various parts of Pegu and near Moulmain in the Tenaserim district. There is a new species of worm- or blind-snakes among the Moulmain specimens, and the examination of excellently preserved specimens of Blyth’s Megalophrys guttulata and Hn-
144 Stoliczka—Barmese Reptiles &c. [ AUGUST,
gystoma ? interlineatum suggested the separation of these species into two new genera.
Under the present remarks only those species are included, which yield- ed any additional information, or which have not formerly been known to occur in Barma. Many others had already been fully reported by Mr. Theobald in his Catalogue of Barmese Reptiles, published in Vol. X, Zoology, of the Linn. Society’s Journal.
RIoPpa LINEOLATA. Stoliczka, J. A. S. B., Vol. xxxix, pt. II, p. 175, pl. x, fig. 2.
In a specimen from Moulmain, three inches long, the longitudinal series of scales round the body vary from 22-23, and there are 68 transverse rows between the fore and hind limb. There is a pair of anterior occipitals, the two being divided by an oblique suture, each of them is very little larger than the median occipital. The lower eyelid is occupied by a single, large, semitransparent shield.
RIoPA CYANELLA. Stoliczka, J. A. S. B., Vol. xli, pt. II, p. 180, pl. v, fig. 3.
Mr. Theobald brought several specimens of this rare species ; some are slightly stouter than others, but all agree in every point of structure, and differ by their longer and slenderer limbs, and by their coloration, from R, anguina, as formerly recorded.
The pale golden band along the edge of the back is sometimes (though rarely) equally distinct throughout its length. The coloration of the back varies from pale olive brown to brown with a golden lustre, while the sides always appear to have a bluish tinge, and numerous pale turquoise spots on the sides of the neck and behind the shoulder. The longest specimen with a perfect tail measures 4°7 inches, the head and body together being two.
HINULIA INDICA. Comp. J. A. S. B, Vol. xli, pt II, p. 122, pl. iv, fig. 1.
A single specimen of this Sikkim form was obtained by Mr. Theobald near Tonghii in Pegu, but it is evidently very much rarer than the smaller H. maculata.
TyPHLors BaRMANvs, n. sp.
Body rather short and stout, the circumference being between one ninth and one tenth of the total length; head distinctly depressed, oblong, much broader than the posterior neck ; eyes very distinct, bluish black, with round white pupils. The rostral is slightly broader above than in front, its width on the upper surface equalling one third of the head ; it reaches far back to a Ime connecting the anterior edges of the eyes and is obtusely rounded ; nasal separated from the fronto-nasal by an extremely fine, short suture ; the fronto-nasals just touch each other behind the rostral in a point ; pre- ocular strongly curved forward; four upper labials, from the first gra;
Ls
ee ee es a ee a
1872.] Stoliczka—Barmese Reptiles §e. 145
dually increasing in size; first smallest, in contact with the nasals, second in contact with nasal, fronto-nasal and prefrontal, third with the last and ocular, fourth only with the last. None of the head-shields above are mark- edly enlarged; the prefrontal and supraoculars are sub-equal and slightly exceed the others in size; the parietals are conspicuously narrower than the supraoculars. All the head-shields are very finely porose; the other scales perfectly smooth, in 24 longitudinal rows round the body, in about 300 transverse rows counted along the side of the body, and in ten round the tail; the length of this last is less than the width of the head, it is slightly curved and terminates in a very sharp point.
Vinaceous black above, paler at the sides, yellowish below, the dark coloration very irregularly encroaching upon the yellowish space ; snout in front pale yellow, the head-shields near the edge bordered by pale crenula- ted lines, the other scales slightly paler at their bases than towards their margins.
Total length of the single specimen 4°5 inches, the head including the widened fore neck 0°25, and the tail 0-14 inch.
Hab.—Near Moulmain.
The flattened, broad head, short and thick body, and the very close approximation of ‘the fronto-nasals behind the rostral, readily separate this from 7. Stamensis, and other known species.
SIMOTES CRUENTATUS. Theobald, Cat. Rept. Asiat. Soc. Mus., p. 47, and Rept. Brit. Birma, Linn. Soc.
Journ., Zool., x, p. 41. There always appear to be eight upper labials present, and not seven.
The head, particularly in the young, is much flatter, than in most other species of this genus, and the markings on the head also slightly differ. The- frontal band connecting the anterior edges of the eyes is regular, and there is always a broad dark collar present with an anterior zigzag edge; from its short, outer branches proceeds a somewhat undulating, obtusely angular band forward, the angle extending to between the eyes ; this band is in the young dissolved into spots, and the snake has then very much the aspect of an Ablabes. In the young also there are three complete black rings round the tail, one at its base, the second at two thirds its length, and the last, the smallest, just in front of the white tip ; in the adult these rings generally become obsolete, except a black broad cross bar just behind the vent. Rana KUHLII.
Several specimens were collected by Mr. Theobald in the Karen hills east of Tonghii at 2,000 to 3,000 fect elevation. The length varies from three quarters of an inch to two and a half; the skin is soft, rather. loose, and slightly tubercular, not transversely corrugated, except it
146 Stoliczka—Barmese Reptiles &c. [Aveust,
is made to appear so by straightening the body after it had been har-
dened in spirit in a bent position. The upper coloration is brown with a rufous tinge and with numerous dark spots; there is generally. a pale |
band from the eye to the angle of the mouth, bounded posteriorly in its
entire length by a fold of the skin. Very young specimens have the toes
comparatively less fully webbed than adults. CaLLUELLA GuTTULATA, (Blyth,) (um. gen.) Comp. Callula guttulata, apud Giinther in Proc. Z. §. Lond. for 1868, p. 490, pl. 40, fig. 1. Although this species eal most closely resembles the type of
the genus Callula, C. pulchra,—except in having the tips of fingers and toes ©
scarcely swollen, instead of dilated,—it essentially differs by having two very distinctly toothed ridges extending from behind the choane towards the centre of the vomer and also by the toothed maxillaries and intermaxilla-
ries. An adult specimen of about the same size as the one figured by —
Giinther shews these characters very distinctly, but m young ones, these denticulations are scarcely or very deficiently traceable. I have examined a large series of Callula pulchra, but as none of them shew any. teeth on the vomer or on the maxillaries, a generic separation of the present species appears to me justified. Its characters are :—
Calluella. Habit stout; head and gape of mouth short, maxillary and vomerine teeth present, choanze and openings of eustachian tubes
small, (two folds across the palate, lower jaw with two prominences) ; —
tongue entire, free behind; fingers free, toes webbed, both with truncated, but not swollen tip; metatarsus with an imner shovel-lke prominence ; processes of sacral vertebre dilated; tympanum hidden.
Type: Calluella guttulata, (Blyth,) from Pegu.
Blyth, when originally describing the species as a MMegalophrys, must have noticed the maxillary and vomerine teeth, and was, therefore, not very wrong in his determination, but his description is so insufficient, that I would have hardly ventured to identify the present species with it, had Dr. Ginther not done so. Callwella appears to connect Pyxicephalus with Megalophrys, differing from the former by the entire tongue and from the latter by the absence of. cutaneous prolongations on the eyelids. It evident- ly belongs to the family Dicroglosside.
BERDMOREA INTERLINEATA, (Blyth,) (n. gen.)
Engystoma } ? wmterlineatum, Journ, A. 8, B., 1854, Vol xxiii, p.732, and Vol. xxiv, p. 720, and Anderson in Proc. Zool. S. Lond. ee 1871, p. 202.*
Anderson’s re-description of Blyth’s species requires an addition. Both,
in the type and another specimen collected by Theobald in Pegu, the skin ~ above is not only porose, but throughout distinctly granular, and the tym- |
* Both the quotations here given from the Asiat. Soc, Journ, are misprinted,
<
pe CC eC". lg eee eee eee Ee
1872.] Stoliczka—Barmese Reptiles Se. 147
panum is distinctly exposed. These characters coupled with the presence of palatal ridges necessitate a generic separation from Diplopelma, and I pro- pose to name it after the first discoverer, Major Berdmore.
Berdmorea. Habit Bufonine, with proportionately short hind limbs; head moderate, triangular, fingers free, toes webbed, tips of both very slightly swollen, truncate, heel with two small tubercles; skin granular; tympanum distinct ; eustachian tubes rather large, tongue entire ; maxillaries sharp, edentulous, intermaxillary not ossified; an interrupted fold of skin behind the choanz, and two others further on on the palate, both papillose but the posterior much stronger than the anterior ; sacral diapophyses dilated.
Type: Berdmorea interlineata, (Blyth), from Pegu.
The live animal is one of the most beautifully coloured frogs. The en- tire body is strongly tinged with vinaceous red, paling to golden yellowish on the lower belly. The two longitudinal dorsal bands are sometimes not very conspicuous on account of the entire upper surface being reticulated with narrow vinous brown bands ; the large round spots in front of the bases of the femora are deep purplish black, encircled with golden yellow. The sides are also purplish black near the edge of the back, but the colour shades into purplish towards the belly ; lips, throat and breast rich vinaceous.
The fold across the occiput in the type specimen, re-described by Dr. Anderson, appears to be accidental, for another beautifully preserved one does not shew a trace of it. Length of body 1°8, hind limb measured from vent 2°1, fore limb 1:1 inch.
Berdmorea, according to the type species noticed, cannot be classed with Diplopelma, nor with Callula, and it differs from any of Cope’s or Peters’s genera which I can trace. The general appearance of the frog with its long body, triangular head and comparatively short limbs is rather that of a Phryniscus, than of a Diplopelma. My. Theobald tells me that the species lives under large stones and its movements are as sluggish as those of a Bufo, or Callula, while Diplopelma (as observed in carnaticwm) is a powerful leaper, living near water or in the damp jungle. The fore limbs of Diplopelma are proportionally much shorter and the hind limbs much longer; the latter attain their greatest length in D. Berdmorei, which, as I stated, (ante p. 110) also differs from the typical species, D. pulchrum, by its fully webbed toes, terminating with much dilated tips. Whether this character is suffi- cient for a generic separation of the species in question, I am not prepared to say without an examination of the several South Indian Diplopelmata.
148 pols [Avaust, il
IJ.—ON A NEW SPECIES OF RecuLompEs,—by W. E. Brooxs, C. E, Assensole.
sg
I have, for the last six years, procured specimens of a Feqguloides, which is not uncommon in the North-West Provinces during the eold weather. This bird I took to be Reguloides viridipennis, Blyth, as far as I could judge by the brief description given in Dr. Jerdon’s work. Recently, I have had the pleasure of examining Mr. Blyth’s type birds’ of this species, and of reading his original detailed description of it in the Journal of the Asiatic Society, Vol. xxiv, p. 275; and I find it to be a species strongly resembling Reguloides trochiloides, Sundevall, but considerably smaller, and rather brighter coloured. I shall, therefore, call my hitherto undescribed bird f REGULOIDES SUBVIRIDIS, n. Sp. 4
Description Above dull light olive green, with the rump and upper tail eoverts a shade or two lighter; but not yellow white and abruptly defined, as in Reguloides proregulus. Lower surface dull albescent, tinged with yellowish. Wings and tail brown; the primaries, secondaries, and tail feathers, edged with light olive green; and the tertials with broad whitish margins as in Jeguloides superciliosus, but to arather less extent. The greater or secondary wing coverts are brown; broadly tipped with dull yellowish white, which forms the second wing bar. The smaller wing eoverts are edged with light olive green, but the lower, or last row, are tipped with dull yellowish white, which forms the upper or first wing bar. I need hardly observe that in all Reguloides, the first wing bar is very nar- row, and the second one is very broad. The coverts to primaries are brown, of a darker shade than the quill feathers, and form a darkish pate h beyond the second wing bar. The wing is thus, in its whole appearance, extremely like that of Rceguloides superciliosus. On the crown of the head is a very distinct coronal streak, similar to that of Reguloides pro- regulus, and of the same dull yellow colour. The supercilium is yellow and brighter anteriorly. The cheeks are yellowish, faintly mottled with pale brown. A brownish streak passes through the eye. Irides dark brown. Bill brown, and light yellow brown on lower mandible, except the tip, which is dark, as in the upper one. Legs and feet brown. . Length, 4 to 4°25 inches, according to sex; wing 2°2 to 2°3 of the male, and 2-0 to 2°05 of the female ; tail 17 to 1°83 of the male, and 15 ( to 1:7 of the female ; bill at front °3; tarsus ‘65 to °7. 2 The 4th quill is generally the longest ; 5th a shade shorter ; 3rd short- ;
er than 5th, and intermediate between it ai the 6th; 2nd ae to 8th; but sometimes intermediate between 8th and 9th. The 4th and 5th are A
1872.) Brooks.—Reguloides subviridis. 149
rarely equal; and still more rarely is the 5th the longest in the wing; the Ist quill is from 1:17 to 1:08 short of tip of wing, according to sex.
The general tone of colour is strikingly like that of Reguloides prore- gulus, Pallas, but paler and duller; and it differs from that bird in not having a yellow rump band; also in its more slender and much lighter coloured bill. From Reguloides superciliosus, Gmmel., it differs in having the
_ supercilium of a decided yellow, while that bird’s is ruddy white or pale _ buff; and its cheeks are of the same colour but duller mottled with light brown. Our new bird’s cheeks, on the contrary, have generally a strong
yellow tinge ; its coronal streak too is bright and well defined as in Reg. proregulus ; while the coronal streak of F. swpereiliosus is seldom visible and when so, is merely a faint brownish grey line on the dark olive brown head, which can only be seen when looked at in certain lights. The indis- tinctness, or entire absence, of the coronal streak is one of the characteristics of Reguloides superciliosus. All the others, except Regulotdes castaneiceps, have the coronal streak very distinct. In our new species, the plumage is very soft and lax ; and however carefully the skin may be put up, the coronal streak gets disturbed and out of place.
Unlike the purely hill Reguloides, R. proregulus, R. erochroa, Rf.
maculipennis, and F. castaneiceps, our bird is migratory, and frequents the
_ plains of the North-Western Provinces during the cold season. The four ' species which I have just mentioned find the lower Himalayan hills quite
warm enough for their winter retreat. “The call note of our species is peculiarly shrill, tinkling, and weak, but
_ quite Phylloscopine ; a “ tiss-yip,” as expressed by Mr. Blyth. There is a _ greater rise between the 1st and 2nd notes of the call (the 2nd being the
highest), than there is in the call note of Reguloides superciliosus or of | Phyllopneuste trochilus.
The song, which I have sometimes heard on their arrival, is a pleasant
| twittering but feeble one, and very like that of Regulus cristatus. I have
procured Leguloides subviridis in the Etawah and Cawnpore districts, but I
i have no doubt it is generally spread over the whole North-West. In Kash- mir I never met with it, although 2. proregulus and &. superciliosus were | abundant there. |
It arrives in the plains about a month later than &. swperciliosus, and
while that species loves large and shady trees, our one seems to prefer those of light foliage, especially the Babool. With one or two exceptions, } all my specimens were procured in Babool trees. The banks of the Etawah | branch of the Ganges canal abound with these trees, and there this little i bird is not uncommon. It is not an abundant bird like Reguloides superci- Liosus, but is comparatively scarce ; and its peculiar and excessively shrill
note enabled me to find the numbers I did. It only calls occasionally,
and is as silent a bird as 2. swperciliosus is noisy.
150 Ball—Andaman birds ; Stoliczka—Penang shells. [Aveust,
I regret that I have given Reguloides subviridis £5 many of my _ friends under the mistaken name of “ Reguloides viridipennis ;” most of them, however, will see this notice, and will be able to make the necessary | correction.
I might observe that neither Phyl. trochilus nor Regulus cristatus occur in India. I procured specimens of Regulus Himalayensis in Kash- mir which are notably distinct from Regulus cristatus.
III.—Norers ON A COLLECTION OF BIRDS MADE IN THE ANDAMAN ISLANDS By Assistant Surcron Dosson, M. B., DURING THE MONTHS OF | Aprit AND May, 1872,— by V. Batt, Esq., B. A.
(Abstract.)
The collection contains 184 specimens belonging to 62 species, of whick 19 have not been previously recorded from the islands. One species only, | a Graucalus, is described as new ; there are four others, however, which diffe somewhat from the types of the species to which they are referred, but in the | present collection they are only represented by single apes and are treated of as being possible individual varieties.
Several of the Andaman species have only been Aiea hitherto. In this paper, descriptions have been given, so far as is possible from the materi- | al afforded by the collection.
The avi-fauna of the Andamans, as at present known, includes 101 + 4 specimens. Of this number, 12 are local, and 6 are confined to the Andamans | and Nicobars.
In the Andamans the principal portion of the non-local species are Indian, while in the Nicobars they are Malayan.
IV.—ON THE LAND-SHELLS OF PENANG, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE ANIMALS AND WITH ANATOMICAL NOTES,—by Dr. F. SroniozKa.
(Abstract. )
The author alluded to the paucity of land-shells which up to the present time had been known from Penang, or Prince of Wales island During a visit to the island in 1869, he had collected nine species of Cycno STOMACEA, and seventeen of Hericacea. The majority of them are new, — except Cyclophorus Malayanus, Megalomastoma sectilabrum, Helix (Rhysota) Cymatiwm, H. similaris and a few others. .|
Among the CrcLopnorip2#, the author particularly noticed the genus + Lagocheilus, (Theobald), of which two new species had been found, and — the animals of both possess a long glandular slit on the upper hinder end of the foot. Thus Lagocheilus, together probably with Dermatocera, will © take a similar systematic position among the CycLOsTOMACEA, as the ‘ Zonitide have among the HELIcAcEA. 4
La
So. ¢ ae
1872.] Wood-Mason—On Nephropsis. Dobson—On Taphozous. 151
The paper together with illustrations will appear in the Journal of | the Society, Part II.
~V.—ON NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN SPECIES oF PuHasmipm, Parr I, genus Baciitus,—by J. Woop-Mason, Esa.
+ The author exhibited the species described by him, together with nu-
| merous excellently executed drawings.
' VI.—On NepHrorsis STEWARTI, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF MACRU- ROUS CRUSTACEANS, DREDGED IN DEEP WATER OFF THE HASTERN Coast
| OF THE ANDAMAN Isnanps,—by J. Woov-Mason, Esa.
The interesting macrurous Crustacean described in this paper is closely : auied to Nephrops Norvegicus of Northern European seas, so closely allied, indeed, that were it not for the absence of the squamiform appendage of the - antennz, it would have to be placed in the same genus as a second species. | The absence of this appendage rendered necessary the establishment of a hew genus for its reception. The discovery in these warm seas of a very close ally of so characteristically a northern species, remarkable though it } was, would appear less surprising, when the fact, that this Crustacean lived haa burrowed in the mud of the sea-bed at a depth of nearly 800 fathoms ‘in a temperature not exceeding 50° Fahr., came to be considered. The | chief point of interest attaching to this new form lay in the loss of its organs of vision from disuse, as in Calocaris MacAndrewee, Bell; and | Cambarus pellucidus, and the other Crustaceans of the Mammoth Cave ; and in the increased length of the antenne and development of the basal /joimts of the antennules in which the auditory organs are lodged,—modifi- eations which the author regarded with Mr. Darwin as produced by natural | selection in compensation for blindness. |
VIL. —NOorvES ON THE ASIATIC SPECIES OF THE GENUS TAPHOZOUS, GHOFF.,— by G. E. Dozson, B. A., M. B.
The Asiatic species of the genus Zuphozous, Geoff., described by Tem- ( minck in 1841, were four in number, viz.,—Z. saccolaimus, Temk., T. longi- manus, Hardw., 2. melanopogon, Temk., and 7. bicolor, Temk. Several 1 specimens of the last named species are said by Temminck,* to have been isent from Calcutta, but up to the present time the only specimens obtained } at Calcutta, or in any other part of India, agreeing with the description of | this species, have been young females of 7. longimanus, or TL. melanopogon. y As T. longimanus is the only species of the genus common about Calcutta, ithe specimens described by Temminck under the name of 7 bicolor were
* Monograph. de Mammal. II, p. 290,
154 G. E. Dobson—On Barmese bats. (AUGUST,
an apparently adult male from the vicinity of Calcutta the incisors are about 0”:05 inch long, and very slender. The length and weakness of the upper incisors in Z. longimanus probably accounts for their absence in the greater — number of specimens of this species, as they are more liable to injury than the short blunt incisors of the other species, which scarcely appear above the level of the gum. » ach
I have had the opportunity of examining but a single spirit specimen of T. saccolaimus (the remaining specimens in the Indian Museum being dried skins), and in it could not discover any trace of upper incisors, but as this species is closely affined to 7. longvmanus, the incisors are probably similarly long and slender and fall out on the least injury.
In ZL. Kachhensis, the upper incisors are very short and not distinguish- able without cutting down on them; in Z! Theobaldi, very short and blunt,, their extremities discerned with difficulty by the naked eye, in one specimen I found the left incisor absent. In every specimen of 2 melanopogon examined, five males and five females, the upper incisors were found present, very short, but distinctly visible with the aid of a lens.
VIII.—NovrEs ON SOME SPECIES OF CHIROPTERA COLLECTED BY W. ~* THEOBALD, Esg., iv Barma,—by G. E. Doxson, B. A., M. B.
Mr. Theobald has presented to the Indian Museum a small but very interesting collection of bats, made by him in Barma, which I find to con- sist of eight species representing seven genera.
1. Cynonycteris amplexicaudatus, Geoff.
A new locality for this species. Mr. W. T. Blanford sent me, in March, last, two specimens from North-western India. It has also been recorded from the Philippine Islands, Amboyna, and Timor ; its geographical range is, therefore, very extended. 2
2. Macroglossus speleus, Dobson.
The collection contains male specimens of this species not previously examined. The males also possess the peculiar post-anal glands noticed in the female specimens from which the original description of the species was -taken.* In a large adult male, in which the testes have descended, one of these post-anal glands forms, on each side, the posterior boundary of the temporary scrotum which, in this situation only, is devoid of fur. In none of the specimens is there any trace of a claw on the index finger which equals the metacarpal bone of the second finger in length.
Length (of an adult male) head and body 4”5, tail 0”55; forearm 2”°85 ; second finger 4”"9 ; fourth finger 33 ; tibia 1:2.
* Journ As. Soc. Beng, xl, p. 261.
1872.] G. E. Dobson—On Barmese bats. 155
3. Ehinolophus pusillus, Temminck.
- A not quite adult female specimen referable to this species. ‘The second lower premolar is small and placed slightly outside the tooth-row. This character, which has been made use of to divide the species of the genus into sections, is probably not of much value. Two spirit specimens of this species in the same bottle in the Indian Museum, identical in external form and measurement, present this difference in their dentition, that in one the second lower premolar stands in the tooth-row, whilst in the other it is external to it.
Length (of a female specimen) head and body 17; tail 0"'7; ear (an- teriorly) 06; forearm 1”4; thumb 0"2; second finger 2”0; fourth finger 1”°8 ; tibia 0"-55.
) 4. Phyllorhina larvata, Horsfield.
All the specimens are dark slate colour, resembling some from the Khasi Hills in the Indian Museum. Others collected by Dr. Anderson at the same place, Prome, Barma, also in the Museum collection, are golden yellow with reddish brown tips to the hairs.
5. Phyllorhina fulva, Gray.
Several specimens of this widely distributed species. Of five females, four are of that intensely vivid golden fulvous hue described by Mr. Blyth,* and one of a paler shade of the same colour; the males are white with brownish tips to the hairs. Of several specimens of the same species brought by Dr. Stoliczka from Kachh but one, a female, possessed this golden ful- vous colour, and of the specimens in the Indian Museum those of a yellow colour are all females, the males are invariably white, with more or less of the ends of the hairs brownish or purplish-black. This seems to indicate that the females only are of this golden fulvous colour. Most female speci- mens, however, resemble the males in the colour of the fur, and those of a golden colour are comparatively rare.
Each of the five golden fulvous specimens collected by Mr. Theobald contained a single foetus, and of the these the fur of the individual with the most mature foetus presented the deepest hue. Taking into consideration the fact that I have not found any black and white females with young, it appears very probable that this colour is confined to pregnant females, and corresponds to the breeding plumage of birds.
This species appears to. be identical with Ph. bicolor, Temminck, from Java. The measurements of Ph. bicolor given by Temminck, and later by Peters (Monatsber. Berlin Akad. 1871, p. 8328) correspond almost exactly, with the exception of those of the ears, with those found by me in the great-
* Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xiii, p. 492.
+ For instance as in Oriolus melanocephalus, remarked by Blyth. See Darwin’s ‘Descent of Man,’ Vol. II, pp. 178, 179.
156 J. Beames—Rhapsodies of Gambhir Rai. [Avausz,
er number of specimens of Ph. fulva in the Indian Museum. The small size of the ears in Ph. bicolor may be the result of imperfect preservation.
6. Tuaphozous longimanus, Hardwicke.
A male specimen without any trace of upper incisors.
7. Nycticejus luteus, Blyth.
This species differs from Wycticeyus Temminckii, Horsfield, in size only. Its forearm very constantly measures 2”2 inch. in length, as compared with 1”°8 inch. in the latter species.
8. Vesperugo (Pipistrellus) imbricatus, Horsfield.
The representative of the Pipistrelle of Europe in the tropics, aceord- ing to Temminck. It is certainly as common in India as the Pipistrelle is in Europe, and is never absent from any collection of bats. The species Vespertilio abramus, Temminck and V. lobatus, Gray, have been probably founded on young individuals of this species. P. dmbricatus is, very probably, Vespertilio Coromandelicus, F. Cuvier, in the adult condition.
The President announced that in accordance with the resolution passed | at the meeting in February last, there would be a recess for two months, and that the next meeting would be in November.
The receipt of the following communications was announced.
1. Postscript to the Monograph of Clausilia,—by Dr. F. Stoliczka.
2. List of the books contained in Chand,—by J. Beames, Hsq., C. 8.
8. The Rhapsodies of Gambhir Rai, the bard of Nurpur, (A. D., 1650),—by J. Beames, Esq., C. S.
4. On new Barmese plants, Part I,—by 8. Kurz, Esq.
5. Notes on Barmese and Arakanese land-shells, with descriptions of new species,—by W. Theobald, Esq., and Dr. F. Stoliczka.
The meeting then adjourned.
The Ehapsodies of Gambhir Rai, the Bard of Nurpir (A. D. 1650), —by Joun Beames, B. C.S., M. R. A. S., &e.
A short time ago I received, through the kindness of Mr. Blochmann, a small volume containing about 100 pages of old Hindi poetry, written in a rude and sometimes almost illegible hand with frequent erasures and omissions.* All that was told me about it was, that it was supposed to be a metrical chronicle of the siege of Nurptr in the Panjab by the forces of Shah Jahan.
* This unique MS. was kindly lent to the Asiatic Society by the Honorable K, C. Bayley, C. 8. I., for the purpose of having a copy taken. Tur Epiror.
1872.] J. Beames—Rhapsodies of Gambhir Rai. 157
The book was for a day or two a complete puzzle to me. The rudeness of the writing, the uncertainty about the subject, and the archaic form of the language, seemed to combine to conceal the author’s meaning. By degrees, however, much became plain, though there are still words and lines which I have not succeeded in interpreting.
The poem is not a chronicle or connected history. It is a series of chants, or as we may fairly call them “ rhapsodies,” using the word in its old Greek meaning of short panegyrics, or songs sung by the family bard at the court of the Rajput prince whom he served.
The bard in this instance calls himself Gampurr Ra’t, though in one or two poems the names of other bards are introduced as Kalyan Rai, Maniréam Kavi, and even Kavi Chand. The majority, however, are by Gambhir, and bear his name as usual at the beginning of the last line of each rhapsody in the old Indian fashion “ Kahat Gambhir Rai, &c.”
The poems are in praise of Ra’sa’ Jagat Suyeu, lord of Nurptir, Mau, and Pathan in the north-western corner of present Kangra District near the left bank of the Bias River. From his immense stores of knowledge
on all that concerns the Mughul dynasty in India, Mr. Blochmann has ~ courteously supplied me with information on the subject of this Raja.
Jagat Singh, son of Basidev Singh, zamindar of Mau, and other places adjacent, was one of those gallant, hard-hitting old Rajput chieftains whom the Mughul emperors knew so well how to attract to their service. Ja- hangir, under whom he served in Bengal, gave him the title of Raja with a mansab of 1000. He subsequently rose to a command of 8000. In the 8th year of Shah Jahan, he was appointed to Bangash, the hill country south- west of Peshawar, and subsequently to Kabul, and distinguished himself in the wars in Kandahar and on the Persian and Turkistan frontiers. In the 13th year, he and his son Rajrup Singh rebelled, and garrisoned their mountain fortresses of Mau, Taragarh, Narpir, and Pathan. Shah Jahan sent an im- mense army to attack them under the command of Sayyid Khan Jahan Barha and Sa’id Khan Bahadur Zafarjang, supported by numerous Khans and by contingents of Rajpit and zamindari levies.
After a long series of battles and sieges in which in spite of their over- whelming numbers, the royal troops were more than once repulsed, Jagat Singh was at last conquered. The Emperor could not, however, afford to lose the services of so stout and warlike a vassal, and Jagat easily made his peace and was sent to Kandahar with Prince Dara Shikoh, where he again distinguished himself. He returned, and died at Peshawar in A. H. 1055, (A. D. 1646).*
* This brief account is condensed from Mr. Blochmann’s notes and translation from the Padishahnamah, II., pp. 237ff. I reserve the full account, in order to publish it with the complete text of the poems hereafter.
158 J. Beames—Rhapsodies of Gambhir Réi. [Avavst,
The latter half of the poem relates to Mandhata Singh, the son of Raj- rip and grandson of Jagat. Rajrap himself is only briefly and cursorily mentioned. As the bard passes on to Mandhata direct from Jagat, it would seem that Rajrip’s reign was not marked by any remarkable events.
The language of the poem is in the main Hindi, but it is full of Panja- bi words and constructions, and in one or two places seems to be pure Pan- jabi. After a brief invocation of Ganesh, the remover of obstacles, the poet plunges at once im peda fear
asa = aay sat are sei feaiaa i a STS ae asi SU GTA HAT 3 Il Gat URKA Ta HAT Fart wa ll aS @ Hera he qu MS Val Sl aS aie TS FH EK aT EET Ta Il Uivl Weasel WAG TT ware SI : MATA Wat aH atte algea Sa Il SHAT FAST CH STST BTS TAT Ti Vil
‘Swelled like the sea Shah Jahan, lord of Dilli,
Arraying an army of many lakhs, he came and pitched his tent.
Beautiful, fair-faced, is here Jagat king of Sumerd,
In the plain of Mau planting the pillar he fought.
Making hedges and entrenchments that no one might touch him from
afar,
Restraining the Patshah’s forces, he swept with the steel.
The son of Bastidev coming arraying all his honored ones,
Like a banjara having loaded his ténda, has alighted. faa is of course Delhi, in its old Hindi spelling.
The Muhammadan historian does not say that the Emperor himself was present at the siege, and from other parts of Gambhir’s own poems, it would appear that he was not there, though in | others he is said to have been pre- sent. We must therefore refer 4Ta4 Hut Z not to the PAdish4h, but to the army. The grammatical construction is excessively loose throughout the poems. ¥Yrat is in Hindi often an irregular indefinite participle from Bret, to come, though it may also be from ¥Wrezat, to bring. In Panjabi Wyre is more frequently used in the sense of “ having come,’ which I have, there- ore adopted here.
@et may refer to Jagat Singh whose beauty is often mentioned in the poems, or it may be an allusion to Kabrai Sundar whom the Emperor sent to visit Jagat just before the rebellion. This Sundar is always alluded to by Gambhir as @&t Hava, or Sundar, the bad poet. He himself is unvary- ingly gaa, the good poet.
wara aiq is a regular Panjabicism. In that dialect, farq is the regular sign of the locative instead of @. The constant mention of the Maii ka mai-
1872.| J. Beames—Rhapsodies of Gambhir Rat. 159
dan is explained by the fact that Jagat, although he fortified and garrisoned all his strongholds, did not himself stay in any one of them. He entrenched himself in the plain of Mau, at the foot of some hills covered with jungle, where he had a villaand met his enemies there. There is the regular old smack of Rajpit daring and fool-hardiness in this, in fact throughout the whole affair, Jagat and his son seem to have been playing at rebellion ; per- haps his easy successes over the Muhammadans of Kabul may have put into his head the idea that it would be rather good (Rajput) fun to have a brush with the Padishah and his forces. Wa ATS, planting the pillar, the Tw gM, or pular of war, just as we plant a standard in the middle of a camp.
au Panjabi and Sindi for vq. The < of wa on disappearing aspi- rates the remaining consonant.
ZTstT is the encampment of bullocks made by the banjaras. Several towns in India are named Tanda from this cause. : .
ataaa I have taken as a plural of atfaa, honoured, noble. If divided into AT4 ag, it is difficult to make sense of the passage.
The second poem relates how Jagat pressed the Shah’s army rather hard. It is not easy to reconcile this with the fact that they were three to one of Jagat’s forces, and that he was the besieged and not they. It need not be quoted whole, the following lines will suffice :
Five Sus Gre FC WaT BTS ST Il
ita U Views WIT GS Ng TTA SF
Gad A Ae We CS FA VUUIT sts (STS). Il aia faa uri faa wisi faeatat Ft
GAR GAC WAITS Tl GAT TAT Zl
He is vigilant on all sides to hem in the Shah’s army,
They smite them at evening and at dawn, this they knew in their minds,
One goes not by road or ghat, the Umrao remained not staunch,
Without food, without water, the armies were distressed.
Hearing the news, doubt fell on the Patsah’s mind.
If we followed the Muhammadan historian’s account, it would be per- fectly compatible with the text, so loose and vague is its style, to translate this passage quite the other way. Thus in the first line by making aTeaw the nominative, we might render—
“The Shah’s army were vigilant on all sides to hem him in.”
But this would not: agree with the assertion that the ‘ Umrao’ did not remain firm or staunch; nor with the anxiety of the Shah, nor with the general scope of the book, which is entirely in glorification of Jagat Singh.
at ctrat I take to be for Hindi ag wear, “to remain surround- ing ;” Awe, or Fe, (Sanskrit @aa), and rat, for Tea, the old infinitive in at (at), which is constantly used in these poems, as in most Rajput dialects, though it has not left any very distinct traces in classical Hindi.
160 J. Beames—Rhapsodies of Gambhir Rav. [| AuausSr,
Omitting one line which is not quite clear, we come to the lines
CIMT SH CIS ARTIST SF STA FHS I a aca at we de Zwart ar
King of kings, great king, lord Jagat Singh,
The fullness of thy sword is a _ disgaise of Bhavani. Also Fail PI US CH Ga 4H SIA Sa I
aa Aa ATS VS TA ata & @T I TH SE BaATG TFT STE i HE HST He Ge Sar |aeray AT Il
To this day Raos and poor men in the field they le rotting,
As many tall sons of the Turkaéni as they left there.
The born they slew, the unborn they destroyed through fear ;
On seeing thee approach, the wombs of the Mughul women fell.
This translation does not satisfy me, but it is very difficult to get closer | than a paraphrase to a style so defiant of grammar. One method of | dividing the first line is @a Wa qa Sita “the (tent) pegs have fallen,’ but this is deficient inasmuch as it supplies no correlative to the “ tall sons” of the next verse. Wa Sita is hardly in our author’s style, though he may have, as I suspect also in other places, here used purposely an archaic phrase. A better rendering still would be “ in the fields of rich and poor,” the fields round Mau being naturally the property of Jagat Singh’s Raos, and of his poorer subjects, while the Turks cannot well be called Réos. ‘1 is of course the old Hindi genitive, modern at. It will be observed that the employ- ment of the three genitive participles is totally at variance with the practice of the modern language, where we should expect caret a aa in the plural. The most wildly ungrammatical line, however, is the last. “Literally at runs
Thou, hast looked, a meeting, the womb fell, &c.
The idea of the women miscarrying through fear, is the same as that in the Ramayan of Tulsi Das (Sundara Kénd), where Hanuman is leaving Lanka
FSA ART ata ITSHS UT Il Ww 7zayg ofa fafwat ara i
Going he roared with mighty sound
Hearing it, the wombs of the she-fiends melted.
In the line of Gambhir I take as will be seen erat for faeret, but in this as in many other passages, there are several ways of translating, all of which may be equally well defended.
After several pages of vague descriptions of fighting in the traditional Hindi style, we come to the following strophe in praise of Jagat Singh’s exploits.
1872.] J. Beames—Rhapsodies of Gambhir Rdi. 161
GAT FITS ATA SIT BA Get Hie Il ast aa an fea Sta facaia “I THIF TT STC TY FH TSTA ATT Il AT AT BTC NCAT WT WA TI Us TGVr TAY AVA WAT Teg Il at aie aga = faa ag a GI wa 4 afe wat auat sive 47 ll asta frara Stet ATS VTA F Il R? Having smitten Bangash and Balkh, in an instant he took Kandahar, Founding a great era, the foe fears his sword. He binds and destroys Uzbaks, he sweeps the Pathan of Lacchi, Women and men scattered here and there, thy glory is greater than the sun, King, son of V4stidev, saith Gambhir Rai, From fear of thee all living beings tremble for their lives. In the world thou art immortal, Jagata, pre-eminent king. Beating the kettle-drum, victorious, thou hast come from Khurasan. IT do not know what is meant by wat a qota, so I have left it as it stands. #81 Wa @8t is apparently synonymous with wa dfa, wra adi, Ke. It is a common practice to say of kings and warriors that they found an era, to date from some brilliant exploit of theirs, just as the Saka era is supposed to date from the victory of Salivahana. 4T, in 1. 6, is probably for 3TW. Then comes more indiscriminate fighting. At k. 28, there is a fine bold defiance of the Emperor. — HE We Hei RAvfa SE WIT AT YT Il aw a fealty Ue ya S USTS AT Il SF OHA Wt Ya VS St ATA VAT Il FF qtata ya Ge va = Sea AT I HE HA GZ Gat fara Ve HE Il Sa A aT Wa S TET ATI Wai WA SS TAl WMiSea FH WAT Il QS CAAA BA TS GLA AT Il Re I if thou, Shah Jahan, art emperor, he is king of the motmtain : If thou art lord of Delhi, he is lord of Pathan: If thou art lord of army and steel, he also is lord of the sword : If thou art lord of Turks, he is lord of Hindis. Saith Kavi Chand, though thou art lord of earth (Prithipat), Shah Jahan, There also Jagata is lord of the world. Advance no futher hitherwards, Patsah of the world, Quit thy hesitation, come and protect thy Turks.
162 Library. [Aveust,
The above specimens will give a good idea of this rugged old bard’s style and subject. The allusion to Chand in the fifth line is curious as shewing how well known the Homer of the Rajpits is and has always been. The style of all the medieval bards seems to have been modelled on that of the Prithiraj Rasau. It is like the song of Deborah in Judges v, taken with- out the explanatory history of Judges iv, and about as intelligible. There is the same stern joy in fighting, the pitiless triumph, the countless passing allusions to events supposed to be well known to the audience.
LIBRARY.
The following additions have been made to the Library, since the meet- ing held in July last.
Presentations. *,* Names of Donors in Capitals.
Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, April, 1872.—La Sooctm'TE’ DE GE’OGRAPHIE, PARIS.
Journal of the Chemical Society, February, March, and April, 1872.— CuEmican Society or Lonpon.
Edinburgh Astronomical Observations, Vol. XIII, 1868-70, by C. P. Smyth, F. R.S., L. and E., F. R. A.S., F. R. S., 8. AA—Royan OBsErva- TORY, EDINBURGH.
The Nusr-i-Benazeer, or The Incomparable Prose of Meer Husan, literal- ly translated into English, by Major H. Court.—TuE Avrnor.
The Ardish-i-Mahfil ; or the Ornament of the Assembly, literally trans- lated from the Oordoo, by Major H. Court.—Tue Avurnor.
Dengue, and its treatment, being the substance of a lecture delivered at a meeting of the National Society, held on 9th June, 1872, by Baboo Bhoobun Mohun Sircar.—TuHe Avruor.
Report on the Survey Operations which accompanied the advance of the Right Column, Lushai Expeditionary Force, 1871-72, by Major J. Macdonald.—Tue AUTHOR.
Hand-Book of the Manufactures and Arts of the Panjab, by B. H. Baden Powell, Esq., C. 8.—THE AvTHor.
Ocean Highways. ‘The Geographical Record, Vol. II, No. 4, 1872, by C. R. Markham, C. B.—Tne Eprror.
Mookerjee’s Magazine, Vol. I, No. 1, 1872, N.S., by Babu Sambhu Chandra Mukhopadhya.—Tue Eprror.
Flora Sylvatica, Parts 22, 23.—THE GovERNMENT oF INDIA, HoME DEPARTMENT.
1872. ] Labrary. "6S
The Revenue Resources of the Mughal Empire in India, from A. D. 1593 to A. D. 1707, by E. Thomas, Esq.—Tne Government oF Inp1a, Home DEPARTMENT.
The Chronicles of the Pathan Kings of Delhi, E. Thomas, Esq.—Tue GOVERNMENT OF InpIA, Home DEPARTMENT.
Report of the Sanitary Commissioner for Bengal, for the year 1870-71, with Appendix, by D. B. Smith, Esq., M. D.—TuEe GovernMENT oF BENGAL.
Records of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. V, P. II, 1872.—Tue GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL.
Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. VIII, Pt. I1.—Tux SUPERINTENDENT OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA.
Exchange. Nature, Nos. 185—1389, 1872.
Purchase.
Comptes Rendus, No. 18, 1872.—Revue des deux Mondes, Ist May, 1872.—Journal des Savants, April, 1872.—Revue Archeologique Nos. 2, 3, 1872.—Deutsches Worterbuch von J. Grimm und W. Grimm. Vol. IV., Lief 5.—Conchologia Indica, Pt. [V, by 8. Hanley and W. Theobald.—The Indian Annals of Medical Science, No. 29, 1872,—Calcutta Review, July, 1872.
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PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
FoR. NoveEMBER, 1872.
The Monthly General Meeting of the Society was held on a Wednesday, the 6th instant, at 9 P. M.
T. Oldham, Esq., LL. D., President, in the chair.
The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.
The following presentations were laid on the table—
1. From Babi Rajendralala Mitra, three copper seals with inscriptions, received from Colonel Pearse, R. A.
Mr. Blochmann said—
The inscription on the middle-sized seal is clearly
W230 dace” Muhammad Murtaza. . The diacritical marks are wanting.
That on the smallest looks like KJ lika, but I am not quite sure. The largest has not been deciphered.
2. From A. C. Cadell, Hsq., C. S., copies of two inscriptions from Sambhalhera, Muzaffarnagar, N. W. Provinces.
Mr. Blochmann made the following remarks :—
The inscriptions forwarded by Mr. Cadell are from a tomb and a mosque in Sambhalhera, one of the principal seats of the Barha Sayyids.* This clan played a most important part under the Mughul Emperors ; but before the reign of Akbar, little is known regarding them. They trace their descent from one Abul Farah, who is said to have come to India under Iltitmish (Altamsh). Mr. Cadell some time ago collected numerous genealogical tables of the several branches of the Sayyids, and he has now succeeded in discover- ing a valuable inscription, “which takes back the ascertained date of the
* Vide Ain translation, p. 390, and Journal, A. 8, Bengal, 1871, p. 260.
166 Inscriptions from Sambhalherd. [Nov.
Sayyid settlement to a period as early as, if not earlier, than that of Firtz Shah.” I. Inscription on a Tomb at Sambhatherd. SU} Janey Qos? AU] Yi at Y
oo! oslo! oles 5 er Jd &dqy yst sls cial 9909 Some) cay * 51 9) SUR Cys JED ono Ha doe, Rho 4 oa ye oe: ee le gl jy ,29 oye S909 Erm Ext lor Ci! cate fide sabe ou! dS oly Jo oblens apicany lady Ili pe
There is no God but God, Muhammad is the Prophet of God.
1. The beginning of the building of this tomb was on the 38rd Jumdda I.,
2. After 777 years had passed away since the flight of the beloved prophet [30th September, 1375, A. D.],
3. (During) the reign of Firtizshah, (the king) of high fortune, whose throne is the highest heaven, the victorious, the praiseworthy.
4. Ibn Sdéldar,son of Husain, ordered this tomb of heavenly grandeur (to be built).
5. May God Almighty in His kindness and- mercy receive him in the eternal mansion !
This Ibn Sal4r, son of Husain, is mentioned in Mr. Cadell’s tables of the Chatrauri clan as the eighth descendant from Abul Farah, and is styled ‘Sélar Aulid, ‘Salar the Saint.’ It is noticeable that the inscription does not call them Sayyids, but the omission may be 0b metrwm.
Il. Inscription on a Mosque in Sambhathera. Same Cel \T oer" oils slbols Wlasl® aye yo « MS Yona doe” Uy att way? | oe] Khao x csdigwed slere # iM I5be oy cre Le There is no God but God, Muhammad is the Prophet of God. In the reign of Shah- jahdn, the Pddishah victorious over infidels, Sayyid Madkhan, son of Bahduddin built this mosque. The Architectis Daswandi. 1041,4.H. [A. D. 1631-32]. The Padishahnamah mentions, it would appear, two Sayyids of the name of Makhan. One was the son of ’Abdullah, and was killed in the last battle with Khan Jahan Lodi (A. H. 1040 ; vide Padishahnamah. I, 351) ; the _ second was a commander of Nine Hundred, 500 horse, and is said (loc. cit., I, b., 312) to have died in the ninth year of Shahjahan, or A. H. 1045-46. The architect’s name also occurs, according to Mr. Cadell, in the inscription of another mosque at Ghalibpur. 3. From E, T. Atkinson, Esq., C. §., three inscriptions from Kol, near ’Aligarh. Mr. Blochmann remarked— These inscriptions refer to the building of the fort of Kol in 931, A. H.,
or A. D, 1524-25, during the reign of Ibrahim Lodf, and to the building of —
1872.] Inscriptions from Kol. 167
a dargah for the saint [lahbakhsh and a mosque by Sabit Khan, in A. H. 1129 and 1141, or A. D. 1717 and 1728.
The fort is now in ruins. Sabit’s mosque stood in it.
None of the persons mentioned in the inscriptions occur in Muham- madan histories.
L p—they!! wy! Yan i} nea ty pho pda oS foray 4S lod yo iBT dom phn’ a Fol_y oily (0 pre! abe cot i ay he aie
BS) ee ty cy lales ons? yoiSoun prolyl awe} cols &S
3595 pletl ny ovo Sols 8dy? re cb las wh Jo aS aia 2) &isly (hem aS lw 3 om Ong) oe ww en aa! Slo pte? jg) duly Cor} ro} eb 9S SILEX Gyo
In the name of God, the Merciful and the Clement !
1. At first I said, ‘ Praise be to God who has created Muctafa (the Prophet).’
2. I then wrote several verses on account of the Fort. I shall not remain—a monu- ment (of me) shall remain.
3. A strong fort, a frm foundation, completed in the reign of my king,
4. Whose name is Ibrahim [son of] Sikandar, who bestows silver and gold on beggars.
5. During the Shiqdaré (collectorship) of Muhammad, sonof’Ummar, when Shihab, son of Munawwar, was Councillor.
6. He has suffered much hardship on account of the building, and raised the struc. ture in aw short time.
7. It was in 931 A. H. (A. D. 1524-25], when the fort was completed.
. 8 May I, a helpless man, whose name is Ahmad, find on the day of resurrection the shadow of Ahmad (the prophet). II. PDSe) esas} xls sf TS,le0 9 Ro ol T 9 day cot) dy) Cyl eX Kae sO dS Ly <0 See J Sx hh Lao wis ly sf ras} eos e dl Cass lero Sins gles 3 cojle
This tomb was built for therest and peace of Shah Ilahbakhsh, (the swint) acquaine ted with hidden truths and revelations, by the slave, the servant of the faqirs, S@bit Kha 1, alias Jafar Beg, sonof Muhammad Beg, in the year 1129 A. H. (A. D. 1717], the 6th year of the reign of Muhammad Farrukhsiyar, Pddishéh i Ghat, with the assistance of Bhado Singh, the Architect.
IIL. | (owe? aS IGA lees AF LyStgivo 1 ySecs aU SST 1)3}5v0 | Shunt dL ast oo” wy Sisk les wis cls sly g2dd ACR) Sou plows éals als, usb
168 Inscriptions from Miyan Mir, &e. [Nov.
ear 6 "| thy Kine yo Blog @rla OMY 9S K25 Slo WLS,} Nev a a <¥) pray die Gily0 Core? SL 5 Jez 9 oe El: y yt Sly los yy BayF Ktoo oT» 5S ws» amo jf wsls paesd ols csile glaoly gl3 d=” cnt
Nog joy Gb SS Boge 5S
The praise belongs to God ; let us praise him without ceasing, and the thanks belong to God,—Let us thank him without end, that with sums for benevolent purposes for the sake of Muhammad—may God bless him !—the servant of the throne of Him with whom all ereatures take refuge, Sa4bit Khan Bahddur Sabitjang, son of Muhammad Beg, a Turkmén Mughul, living in Kol, built the Jém’ masjid and the well, commenced in 1137 A.H., and finished in 1141 A. H,, or the 11th year of Muhammad Shah, Pddishahi Ghazt [A.D. 1728]. Who com sufficiently perform the duty of thanking God ? [Sa’di’s Gulistan].
4. From Major F. W. Stubbs, some readings and rubbings of inscriptions from Miyén Mir, Maisir swords, and Audh guns, &ce.
Mr. Blochmann said—
Major Stubbs in sending the following inscription from Miyan Mir says : “ Between Lahor and the cantonments of Miyan Mir are a ttumber of tombs, very many so much dilapidated that they might be removed with advantage. Some, however, ought to be allowed to remain, and those with inscriptions ought not to be disturbed. One of the tombs, called the Pak Daman, contains besides the grave of the mother of Shaikh Imam-uddin, once ruler of Kashmir under the Sikh Darbar, the traditional remains of an adopted daughter of Husain ibn i Hazrat ’Ali, and a daughter of one Muhammad Muslim.
The first of Major Stubbs’s inscriptions is taken from the tomb of the renowned saint Shaikh Muhammad Pir, alias Miyan Mir Balapir, after whom the cantonment of Miyan Mir is called. He was born in Siwistan in 957, and went at the age of twenty-five to Lahor, where he had the reputation of a great ascetic. He died there on the 7th Rabi I, 1045 [11th August, 1635]. His relation to Dara Shikoh was mentioned in Journal, A. 8. Bengal, for
1870, p. 276. The tomb is north of the cantonment. : Oe yams! ELS) CByy SIE as Wile 595 pw p20 Qlvo
OS Ky ob Twis” w) s> FoF Or gle ype rile Riv OS 00 Who My Guard etd ie gidley J Lae redo coye* | 120 Kw | 1. Miydn Mir, the first of the wise, the dust of whose door vies with the elixir of life, 2. Travelled to the city of eternity, when he was tired of this place of misery.
3. Thought wrote down the year of his death (as follows)—‘ Bafirdaus 1 wdla Miydn Mir Shud, Miyén Mér has gone to Paradise. A. H. 1045.
Inscription on a Sword (talwar). HIS BW Use gor? Sls} be Le gli cle ly SY oot lctigay let 454 ae Ss
1872, ] Inscriptions on a sword and a trophy gun. 169
she ly uh ly uske ly Jy 5 My Bye V le WEY ay952 erg8 lay AS Uloye Blo
The first three lines of this Arabic inscription are used all over the East as the most powerful amulet (vide Ain translation, p. 507). The last two lines are half Persian half Arabic. ’Ali is
‘The king of men, the lion of God, the strength of the Almighty. No man is like ’ Alt, no sword like his Zulfaqar.
Zulfagar is the name of ’Ali’s sword. The sword would appear to be a Maisur sword, because the last two lines of the inscription often occur in connection with Haidar ’Ali; wide Hamlat i Haidari, p. 505.
Inscription on the chase of one of the trophy guns formerly belonging to the Bengal Artillery.
bro 7 st e als CLES whl XS why 2b ym dal Uads
® 1. Well done, O gun belonging to Nawdb Cafdar, victorious over the enemies of the religion of Muhammad.
2. As through the grace of the only God he was victorious, the date of the gun, too, 1s muzaffur, the ‘ victorious.’ [A.H. 1168, or A.D. 1754-55.]
The tartkh is here what is called 44425, or hidden, because it is muzaffar minus (WI}!) % ham, or 1220—52,7. e., 1168 A. H., when Nawab Cafdar Jang was Vazir of Audh.
Mr. Blochmann also said that the members would be glad to hear that General Cunningham had sent to the Society a very large collection of Sans- krit and Muhammadan inscriptions. They would be laid before the Society at the next meeting. Only one inscription he would now lay before the meeting, the inscription on the tomb-stone of Princess Jahanara, of which General Cunningham had sent a beautiful facsimile.
' Princess Jahanara is the second daughter of Shahjahan by Mumtaz Mahall (the ‘ Taj-bibi’), and was born on Wednesday, 21st Cafar, 1023 [23rd March, 1614]. She is called in Muhammadan histories Mustatab Begum, or Begum Cahib,* and died at Dihli on the 3rd Ramazén, 1092 [6th September, 1681, A. D.], im her sixty-eighth year. Like many of the imperial princesses she was not married. She disliked her younger brother Aurangzib. Her numerous charities gained for her a good name.
Regarding her death, the Madsir 1’ Alamgir? says—* On the 7th Rama- zan, His Majesty received a report that the angelic queen of the angels of the world of good and pious deeds, Jahanara Bantii Begum had died at Dihli on the 38rd. She was buried in the courtyard of the mausoleum of Shaikh Nizamuddin Aulia, where she had before built a tomb for herself. His
* So also Bernier in the beginning of his work. He gives a long chapter of on- dits and court-scandal about her,
170 Inscriptions on Jahinara’s tomb (Dihli). [ Nov.
Majesty [Aurangzib] was much afflicted by the death of his elder sister, and ordered that the nawbat (music at sunrise, &c.) should not be played at Court for three days.” The inscription is— pra get rt) . el yes BAF pte® lye rte Lye No eS Od ysh Shh pA alJ ul ceils gle sls whee sls ak nde wGat yd O20 LT bee Kailas ¥ aR | dala 9 { OF Kao He is the Living, the Lasting ! Let no one cover my lonely grave With gold or with silver brocade : Sufficient for me is the cover of turf Which God for the poor has made. The poor, the perishable, Jahdnard, the disciple of the Chisht Saints,* daughter of Bhadhjahdn Pddishah i Ghazi—May God enlighten his evidence! A, H. 1092. The verse contains an allusion to the practice of the Muhammadans to cover the tombs of saints with costly clothes, or at least with a white sheet, as may still be been in many dargéhs.
5. From the Government of India, Public Works Department, forward- ing a copy of the correspondence regarding a fall of lightning on the Left European Infantry Lines at Morar.
The following letter from the Hxecutive Engineer, Morar Division, Mili- tary Works to the Superintending Engineer, 8rd Circle, Military Works, was read.
Has the honor to report that No. 3 Barrack, L. E. I. Lines was struck by lightning on the night of the 27th Instant.
2. The lightning struck the north-east corner of the east portico at the end of the gable cornice, stripped a piece of plaster off, four inches wide and about eighteen inches long.
3. It then entered the building through a door below the cornice, striking a man on the arm, who was closing the door at the time the flash occurred. From the door it went to an arm-rack within the barrack, at a distance of about thirty-six feet, struck a bayonet, drilling a small holethrough it, and apparently passing down the barrel split up the stock of the rifle.
4. No trace can be found of its disappearance, and the building is uninjured, except that one or two hooks for window-lines near the door are said to have been knocked out of the wall by it. The man was senseless, but has partially recovered, being still unable to use his limbs on the side he was struck. :
* To which also the renowned Mu’inuddin i Chishti of Ajmir belongs. He was looked upon as the patron of the Imperial family.
1872.] A Copper-plate grant from Sambhalpir. 171
6. From Captain M. M. Bowie, Deputy Commissioner, Sambhalpur, a copper-plate grant consisting of three leaves, found in the Sambhalptr District.
The President said that these plates had been found buried in an earthen vessel some depth below the surface in the Tributary State of Patna attached to the Sambhalpur District. The following summary of the grant had been made by the Assistant Secretary, but a full translation would be prepared and brought before the Society again.
‘Janmejaya Deva, donor of several villages to several brahmans of Gotama, Savarni, and Agasti Gotras and of the Sama Veda Kutumi and Yajur Veda Kanva branches, dated the 6th year of the Victory As’hadh Sudi, 8th lunar day, bright fortnight.
The Raja is of the Lunar race.
The ancestors of the donors are Vijaya Krishna and
Siva Gupta Deva, monarch of the three Kalingas.
7. From W. J. Elmslie, Esq., M. D., copy of a Vocabulary of the Kashmiri Language.
The following gentlemen duly proposed and seconded at the August meeting, were balloted for and elected Ordinary Members—
C. P. Gordon, Esq.
Lieutenant W. A. Holcombe, Manbhim.
Lieutenant W. S. S. Bisset, R. E.
EK. H. Man, Esq., Port Blair.
The following are candidates for ballot at the next meeting—
EK. O’Brien, Esq., C. 8., Gurgdéon, proposed by Carr Stephen, Esq., seconded by Captain J. Waterhouse.
C. P. Bird, Esq., C. S., Hisar, proposed by Carr Stephen, Esq., seconded by Captain J. Wnlechonee
D. C. J. Ibbetson, Esq., C. S., Kurnal, proposed by Carr Stephen, Esq., seconded by Captain J. Watsthonde.
Rev. A. F. R. Hoernle, D. Ph., Professor of Sanscrit, Jaynardin’s College, Benares, proposed by Baba Rajendralala Mitra, seconded by H. Blochmann, Esq., M.A.
Captain E. Swetenham, Ex. Engr., Prome, proposed by E. W. Oates Esq., seconded by Dr. F. Stoliczka.
Rev. C. H. Chard, Officiating Chaplain, Thyetmyo, proposed by E. W. Oates, Esq., seconded by Dr. F. Stoliczka.
Major J..G. Forbes, R. E., Chief Engineer, Sardah Canal, proposed by A. M. Broadley, Esq., C. S., seconded by H. Blochmann, Esq., M.A.
Babu Pranandtha Pandita, Bhawéniptir, proposed by H. Blochmann, Esq., M.A., seconded by Captain J. Waterhouse.
172 Three silver seals of the BE. I. Company. [ Nov.
The following gentlemen have intimated their desire to withdraw from the Society— Dr. 8S. M. Shircore. §S. Lobb, Esq.
The following letters were read—
1. From the Curator, Indian Museum, forwarding for exlibiten three silver seals found in an old chest belonging to the office of the Magis- trate of Dhaka.
One of these seals is the seal of the Company while it held the Diwani, and bears the following inscription—
(5909 pty Si gels Erne ole love csile gls yh alls sla pt Ay
if (vv" BSwo oy Bik i ee i) KSao Stet re* Ky &.9-0 wes
The other is the seal of one of the Nawabs, and bears the following in- scription—
ya Jats Xp 9 ydisglis wyl=* ,g0
The third seal is an old seal of the East India Company, and bears round a shield the inscription—
Enet E Inn Comp Dacca. 2. From the Curator, Indian Museum, forwarding for exhibition a collection of hatchets, spears, musical instruments, &c., as used at the present day by the Baigas, a wild tribe of the Balaghat District. The fol- lowing notes descriptive of the manners and customs of the Baigaés accom- panied the letter—
Extract from Captain W. B. Thompson’s Settlement Report of the Seont District for 1867.
* ¥ * “* * *
148. Under this denomination [Baig4] I class all the tribes whom I un- derstand to have been in the country previous to the Deogarh rule, except the Gaulis. They consist of the Baigas, Gonds, Purdhans, Mehras, Bhureas. The Baigas are the wildest of these tribes, inhabiting the most inaccessible hills and the remotest forests, living on what they can secure with their bows and arrows, in the use of which they are very skilled, and on the forest- produce, or whatever they can get in exchange for it, and the small crops, which they raise on the hill sides, kodo, kutki, rehur. They are extraordinarily shy, so much so, that it is often difficult to get hold of them, unless you are accompanied by some one they know. They fly out at one end of the village as you appear at the other, and you can see them scram- bling up the hill sides amongst the stones and bushes, or hiding and peeping from behind bushes at you, like wild animals. It is of no use
a
1872.] Notes on the Baigds of Bdldghét. 173 whatever to call to them, and equally hopeless trying to catch them. They
are, as may be imagined from their habits, thoroughly acquainted with every path in the forest; it is difficult to get them to give information about game.
149. In their dealings they are proverbially honest, and indeed are quite unaccustomed to money dealings of even the most trifling nature. They generally barter what they collect, in the shape of forest produce, for salt. Colonel Dennys, in his Tribes Report, gives an interesting account of their origin and customs, showing them to be distinct from the Hindis. They certainly have nothing of the Hindi about them, except the reverence for the cow, and the worship of some of the same idols. They hardly seem to understand the use of water except for drinking, and are filthy in their persons. They never use the plough or till the land, but sow in the ashes of the jungle which they cut down. The places thus sown they call “ bewurs.”
“ % % % * * * Extract from letter No. 1532 A, dated 30th June, 1869, from the Deputy
Commissioner, Bildghat, to the Commissioner, Nagpur Division.
% % * % %
81. The Baigds, of whom there are about 2,334 in the district, are to be found on many of the hill tops in the upper plateau. Their villages, composed of a neat square of about 20 to 10 or even 5 houses, are generally found in small depressions in the hill side, securely hidden from external gaze by the surrounding forest trees and jungle, and were it not for the fact that these wild people generally cut their dhyas (called by them and the Gonds “ chewers’”) on the summits of the highest peaks, and connect themselves with the outer world by narrow but well-beaten footpaths, it would be extremely difficult to find out the sites of their villages.
82. The dress of the Baigas of the wilder classes consists of merely a very scanty rag round their loins. This is what they wear when visited by Europeans, but I understand that a Baiga at home, without visitors, considers part of even this dress superfluous and adopts a more light and airy costume. On the other hand, those who are accustomed to visit and be visited by more civilized people, dress very well, and adopt jackets, turbans, dhotis, and other fashions from the plains.
83. The houses of the Baigas are so small that even the dhya-cutting Gonds, when asked about them, enlarge upon their diminutiveness, as eompared with their own dwellings. From the ground to the ridge pole is generally about six feet, the breadth is about the same as the height, and the length may be one or two feet more. The only materials used in the construction of the houses are bamboo and earth. The frame-work of the building is made of whole bamboos, which are covered over with bamboos, wattle and dab. The villages are generally built in the form of a square
174 Notes on the Baigas of Balaghit. [ Nov.
with one or two outlets, or as three sides of a square, all the houses in one row being joined together, and have a neat verandah in front, all the houses having their fronts towards the centre of the square. The neatness of a Baiga village which has been established above a year, is quite wonderful, and sets a good example to the larger and more civilized villages of the plains. Moreover, they seldom remainin one place more than three years, and when they are once deserted, nothing but a few pieces of charred bamboo and the surrounding clearings show where they once existed.
84. The shyness of the Baig4s has been frequently mentioned in various reports, and many people who have had to deal with them have complained of the difficulties which they have experienced in meeting them, as no sooner have the intending visitors come within sight or hearing of one side of the village .than the inhabitants have disappeared in the opposite direction amongst the rocks and jungles. Whether such is or is not now the case in the wildest parts of the country I do not know; but, so far as my brief experience goes in my visits to villages on the Bhainsighat range and near the Tipagarh hill, I have always found the Baigas quite friendly ; the men have come out into the middle of the squares to converse, and the women, so soon as they have seen that no mischief was intended, have clustered with their children in the verandahs of their houses.*
3. From Edward Thomas, Esq., on the notice of the coin of Plato, lately purchased by the British Museum.
‘The notice of the coin of Plato, lately purchased by the British Museum, which appeared in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, for February last (p. 34), is imperfect, under its most important aspect, in con- sequence of the writer having apparently relied upon the cast forwarded to the Society instead of critically examining the original piece itself.
‘The singular value of this coin consists in its bearing on its surface the full date of issue in the Seleucidan era, in which respect it is waique in the entire Bactrian series, and, moreover, the date itself furnishes a just tribute to the value of Numismatic science, inasmuch as it exactly accords with the epoch General Cunningham had already assigned as that of the decease of Eukratides and the accession of his successor, which the obverse of this - specimen sufficiently declares Plato to have been (Prinsep’s Essays, 1, 175).
‘Although we were fully prepared to anticipate the natural use of the Seleucidan era by the Bactrian Greeks, its confirmatory appearance gives weight to the theory of its extension among the subordinate dynasties with whom the Greeks came in contact, and materially strengthens my own view of the propriety of the application of that system of reckoning to the dates
* A fall account of the Baigas will be found in the Central Provinces Gazet- teer, p. 278, Ep,
1872. | Note regarding a Coin of Plato. 175
on the Saurashtran coins, which places the Sah kings between the 2nd and 1st centuries B. C.*
‘The primary correction which is needed in the description of the coin is, that instead of “three somewhat indistinct letters, which are like MO, we must substitute the letters P M Z, the numerals for 147 ; the M and the Z are clear and indubitable, and though the P is obscured by the oxyde of silver, which has largely affected the surface of the piece, I have fully satisfied myself as to its correctness, and my interpretation proves to be further confirmed by the record entered on the first imcorporation of the coin in the British Museum collection, by the assistant in charge, who had no concern with the import of the date in question.
‘The Seleucidan era commenced 1st September, 312, B. C._—which brings
the date of this coin to 165, B. C. ‘A minor alteration m the published description is requisite in the fact, that the leading figure on the reverse is not that of the king but of Helios, the sun god, whose rayed halo follows the outline of the well-known western representations of the divinity.
‘It must be mentioned that the authenticity of the coin has not remained unquestioned, but I see no sufficient reason to shake our faith in its genuine- ness. The conception of the horses of the sun is in advance of their execu- tion, but this merely implies that good models were still extant among failing artists. The letters which compose the legend are well-defined and carefully ranged, but they vary in form from the ordinary characters employed in the mints of Eukratides, and they equally differ from the outlines which are preserved in the associate mint monogram, but this latter divergence may be explained by supposing that the punches for the mints were kept ready prepared and struck into the soft steel of the die, whereas the legend of the new sovereign had to be cut expressly for the occasion.
‘I have been the more particular in supplying these details, as I hear that the officials in charge of the medal room, with overstraimed caution, refuse to allow casts of the coin to be supplied to the public, on the certainly invalid plea of fear of injury to the surface of the metal.’
4. From J. W. B. Martin, Esq., on the Archeological remains of Barantpur in Zila’ Bhagalpur.
* See Journal, Royal Asiatic Society, xii. (1850,) p. 41, note 3—Journal, As. Soe, Bengal, 1855, note, p. 565—Prinsep’s Hssays, ii, 86-7—Journal Asiatique, of Paris, 1863, p. 388. ‘
See also, on the general subject, Lassen, Ind, Alt. 1i,794—T. St. Martin, Jour. des Say., viii. (1859), p.452—Dr. Bhau Daji, J. R. A. S., xx, 109.
. J. A. §. B, (1863), p. 161—Bombay Branch R, A. 8. 1862, and 1868, p. 231. Geni. Cunningham, J, A. S. Bengal, 1864, p. 35.
176 Archeological remains of Barantpir. [ Nov.
At the village of Barantptir in Zila’ Bhdgalptér there is being built at present a shrine, at which immense numbers of Hindus assemble du- ring the Durga pwja, to offer up kids, &c., to Chandi, the supposed goddess of the place. At this place, along time ago, were found a few black stones, a carving of a woman rather larger than life, a figure of a warrior on what appears to be a tiger and is called by the natives Budhai (this figure is rather damaged), and a few stones such as were let in as threshold stones in grand native buildings of ancient date. On one of the latter is an inscription. Mr John Christian has kindly translated it for me, a copy of this translation I enclose. The characters are mixed and are, what they here call Debachar and Mithilachar. On my enquiring from the villagers if they knew anything of the antecedents of the place, I managed to get a little information which I add. In the old days, when the former shrine was in its glory, a Musalman encampment was formed to the north of Barantptir and the troops therein were under the command of a powerful general. This general, one day being excited by drink, determined to humble the pride of the goddess and disgrace the religion of the Hindus, and ordered his darwan to go and ask the hand of the goddess Maheshwari in marriage. She gues- sing that their intention was merely to disgrace her by so mean a union, and knowing that her people were unable to cope in war with the Mughuls, pretended to consent to the union, but proposed certain conditions which were, that the Mughuls should in one night before the cock crew, make a fort of certain dimensions and a hundred tanks in its vicinity, and should offer a black kid at her shrme. The fort was made, ninety-nine tanks were dug, and the hundredth tank was nearly completed, the kid was being led towards the shrine, in order to be ready to be offered on the completion of the hundredth tank, when the goddess transforming herself into a cock, crew. The condi- tions not having been completed, the marriage was not performed. The Mughals, however, frightened at her power, fled* from this portion of the country. The fort alluded to I have seen, as also the tanks ; the fort is situa- ted near the village of Uti. The tanks, although I have not counted ninety-nine, exist in great numbers, but appear to have been dug merely to obtain earth for making the earthwork of the fort which extends over about one square mile of ground, Aboutthe centre of the oblong-shaped site is a spot very much higher than any other portion of the fort. There are no legends which explain when or why this shrine was neglected as a place of worship, but it is quite clear that for a long time such was the case ; for comparatively lately the stones I have described were dug up, and a Godala built a shed over them, and from this time all castes of natives have continued to worship
* The name of this general is said to have been ’Ali Khan, and his speedy retreat has given rise to a proverb used in this part of the country. If a person is unsuce- cessful in an undertaking, people say, ‘“ Wah,’ Al Khan ki karné hai.”
I i i at ek el ec eae
1872.] Hoernle—On the term Gaurian. 177
Maheshwari there, under the name of Chandi. From the first Godla family which looked after this shrine, sixteen hundred families now exist in the vil- lages adjacent to Barantptr. These Goalas are called Debahar, the exact mean- ing of which is not known, but it is only a man of this class who can attend to the duties of this shrine. This class of Goala did not exist: till the stones were discovered, nor do they exist, as far as 1 know, in any other part of India. I should here tell you that the goddess or figure of the woman is only half visible, the natives being afraid to unearth it. To the south-west of the place where the goddess stands, is an immensely deep perfectly round tank, from which rumour says, all the water used for the shrine was taken. The whole of the land round is high, but the natives decline to allow it to be dug.
Inscription on a granite door-frame found in Barantpur, March, 1872.
SITTCLAA ABH ANG VefHal MAMA Goat ary Ania Ayaan fast |
‘The conquering Sarba Singha Deba, who is adorned with all good quali- ties, the blessed of Maheshwari, the joy-bestowmg moon of the lotus lineage of Buidhesa.’
The following papers were read—
1. On the term Gaurian as a name for the Sanskritiec Vernaculars of North India.—By A. ¥. R. Hoernuz, D. Ph., Professor of Sanserit, Jaynarain College, Benares.
At the June meeting of the Asiatic Society, exception was taken by several members to the term Gaurian. It was not from any literary curio- sity that I proposed that term, but from the feeling of a pressing practical want. One who writes on subjects connected with the comparative philology of the North Indian Sanskritic Vernaculars, and has to refer to them collec- tiyely in a great variety of connections, ordinarily feels more than others the want of a short specific and comprehensive term to distinguish them; a term as short as Sanskrit, which denotes one specific language, or as Prakrit which denotes one specified group of languages or dialects.
Now the two terms, Sanskritic and Indo-Aryan, which have been re- commended in the place of Gaurian, are altogether unsuited for this practical purpose. If we speak of a rule of Prakrit grammar, every one knows exactly what group of languages or dialects is referred to ; but if we should speak of a rule of Sanskritic Grammar, who would have any idea of the language referred to in the phrase? It is hardly possible to conceive a more general term than Sanskritic. It may denote any language which stands in any sort of connection with Sanskrit ; any language, in fact, within the whole range of the Indo-European family. It is plain that something would have to be added to that term to make it at all intelligible. But even the phrase “ Sanskritic Languages of North India,” would not be
178 Hoernle—On the term Gaurian. [Nov.
sufficiently determinate ; for it would apply to the Prakritic dialects with as much propriety as to what I call the Gaurian languages. We should have to expand the phrase to “the Modern Sanskritic languages of North- India,” before we possessed a perfectly definite term. It is not difficult to see how very inconvenient such a long-winded phrase is. It is far too unwieldy to be of any practical use.
The same objections lie against the term Indo-Aryan. It is too general; for it includes the Prakrit and Sanskrit languages. By all European comparative philologians it is used in this generic sense; to them the term would be misleading; it would never suggest the North Indian Vernaculars only. For this purpose it would be necessary to add the word “modern” and speak of “modern Indo-Aryan languages.” But this again would be a term far too unwieldy to be practically useful. What is want- ed is a name which should consist of one word only, which can be used by itself both substantively or adjectively, and which at the same time should be, on the one hand, sufficiently comprehensive to include all the North In- dian Sanskritic Vernaculars, and on the other, sufficiently specific to exclude all other languages than these.
Now it appears to me that the term Gaurian answers these requirements sufficiently for all practical purposes. It is one word only, and can be used both substantively and adjectively. We may speak of a Gaurian Grammar and a Gaurian rule, as we speak of Prakrit Grammar and Prakrit rule. We may also use Gaurian as a substantive, and say that “ Gaurian possesses such and such a rule,” as we speak of Prakrit possessing such and such a rule.
Again, the term Gaurian is sufficiently specific. In North India two altogether distinct classes of languages are spoken, the one Sanskritic, the other non-Sanskritic. The latter are the languages of the Kols, Santals, and other aboriginal tribes. But no one could possibly make the mistake of imagining that the term Gaurian might signify these non-Sanskritic languages. . The term is too intensely Brahmanical and therefore Aryan, to be connected in any one’s thoughts with anything which is not in some way connected with the Sanskrit language. Gaurian, therefore, could only mean the Sanskritic languages of North India. But here again no one could easi- ly fall into the mistake of supposing that Gaurian might compehend the ancient Sanskrit and Prakrit, as well as the modern Vernaculars; just as no one is likely to imagine that the Romance languages include Latin. The term Gaurian is too narrow and modern for that; and there is already the good term Indo-Aryan to denote collectively Sanskrit and Prakrit and their modern offshoots. It follows then that the term Gaurian cannot signify anything but the modern Sanskritic languages of North India.
Another objection might still be thought to remain. It may be said that although the term Gaurian cannot include more then the modern
OO ——————_
1872.] Hoernle—On the term Gaurian. 179
Sanskritic languages of North India, it does not necessarily include all of them ; that in short, it is not sufficiently comprehensive. For the word Gaurian or Gauda, as used by Sanskrit writers, does not include the Mara- thas and Gujardtis who are classed as Dravidians, but whose languages be- long to the North Indian Sanskritic Vernaculars. My answer is again, that the term Gaurian was chosen purely for a practical purpose; and if I can show, that it is sufficiently comprehensive for a present practical purpose, an objection taken from the manner of its use by Sanskrit writers is irrele- vant. Now whether the use of the term Dravidian to denote the non- Sanskritic languages of South India be correct or not, (and I agree with Baba Rajendralala Mitra, that it is open to objections), it is certainly now established as the technical term to denote those languages. The introduction of a new term even when more accurate to supersede a less accurate but established one, is always of doubtful expediency. The older and favourite term is rarely displaced, and generally the only result is, the use of two terms instead of one accompanied by endless confusion and requiring constant explanation. Since then, Dravidian is the established name for the non-Sanskritic languages of South India, and it would be unwise to make a change, due weight should be given to the fact in choosing a collective name for the Sanskritic languages of North India; it should be a name which has some reference to the other name, Dravidian, of the non-Sanskritic languages of South India. Here Gaurian most naturally suggests itself. For it ex- presses the exact contrary to Dravidian. In Sanskrit literature, these terms express an opposite relation. Hence as Dravidian is the established name for the non-Sanskritic languages of South India the term Gaurian as its opposite, will suggest to scholars Sanskritic languages of North India. And as all scholars know that Marithi and Gujarati are, equally with Hindi, and Bengali, Sanskritic languages of North India, the term Gaurian will naturally comprehend in their mind all those languages. This, it seems to me, will be practically the certain result; and as I said before, that is all that we need consider in the present case. I do not think there is any fear, that in this case, scholars will be hkely to take the term Gaurian in that Jimited sense, in which it is used in Sanskrit literature ; for they will naturally associate 16 with its opposite Dravidian, and the term Dravidian, as is well known, is not in the connexion (vz., as a name of a group of languages) understood in the limited sense in which it is used by Sanskrit writers.
I venture to think, therefore, that the term Gaurian will not be, as Babi Rajendralila Mitra says, either unmeaning or misleading, but, on the contrary, will be exactly significant of that which I wish to express by it. I do not claim, however, to be the author of this particular application of the term, nor do I put so much store by it, as to be unwilling to abandon it in favour of another, and better, if really a better one; that is, ifit be not only
180 Hoernle—-On the term Gaurian. [Nov.
free from the defects of the term Gaurian, but also possess all its advantages. Theterms Sanskritic and Indo-Aryan certainly do not possess those advantages ; for to render them at all accurate, the word “ vernacular,” at the very least, must beadded. But this is the very word which in praxis would have to be omitted. For it would be too tedious and inconvenient, always to speak of a crammar, a rule, a law, etc., of the Sanscritic vernaculars ; while on the other hand to say merely “ Sanscritic grammar, or rule, or law, etc.,”’ would be inac- curate and misleading, because omitting the only word (¢. e. Vernacular) which gives to the term the necessary limitation and accuracy. With Gaurian it is different ; it carries this limitation in itself.
There is, no doubt, considerable difficulty in finding a collective name for the modern Sanskritic languages of North India, which shall be open to no objection in any direction. ‘The proposal of such terms, as Cis-Vindhyan, and others, sufficiently shows this. It may be wise then, under the circum- stances, to agree to employ the term Gaurian, which has many peculiar advantages, and is sufficiently determinate for all practical purposes; and which, as I may repeat, I have been neither the first nor the only one to use,* to denote the modern Sanskritic languages of North India.
Babi Rajendralala Mitra said,—
“As the paper just read has been written with special reference to certain remarks made by me on the author’s “Hssay on the Gaurian Languages” submitted at the June meeting of the Society, I feel myself ealled upon to say afew words on the subject. The author, I am sorry, has missed the point of my argument. What I insisted upon then, and now contend for, is that we have no right to use well-known ancient or medizval Indian terms in a new sense, and wish the public to believe that we are using well-known and well-established ancient or medieval terms. It may be all very well for spiritualists to say that spirit means matter, because John Davis, or Judge Edmonds, or some other elder of their body, has, in one of his ecstatic moments, found it to be so ; but in sober science, it is quite in- admissible ; and no reference to authorities can justify that which is essentially wrong. The evil of such a course may be easily illustrated. I know not who it was that first named a class of animals amphibious, but we now know, that the animals so designated cannot live in water, and die on land, and naturalists have, therefore, been obliged to drop the use of the word altogether. We know also that a chemist named an article narcotine, probably on the | lucus a non lucendo principle, for it has no narcotic property whatever, and | somebody has lately been obliged to re-name it anarcotine. Other examples I could give the meeting by hundreds, but they are not wanted. .The gentlemen whom I have now the honor to address, know full well the | enormous extent of the injury which has been done to science by wrong |
*® See Caldwell, Comp. Gram, of the Dravidian, p. 27,
1372. | Rajendraléla Mitra—On the term Gaurian. 181
terminology, and it is high time that a stop should be put to further misuse of terms. Now Gauda is an Indian word with two fixed meanings, indicat- ing, in one sense, a distinct province with a well-defined boundary, and | in another generically five provinces,; and in the derivative form Gaudiya implies men, animals, languages, and things belonging to that province, or those provinces. How on earth and on what principle of logic, or analogy, we are to make it comprehend provinces and languages far away from those places, I cannot understand. If Europeans have to use Indian terms, they should use them in the sense in which we use them, and not attach new meanings to old terms, and call them old. That would amount to a sort of literary imposition which, as an Indian, I must confess, I cannot tolerate. It may be that long-continued usage and general currency might give a new meaning to an old term, but this cannot be said of Gaurian, for it was used for the first time by Caldwell some twenty years ago, when it fell” still-born from the press, and Mr. Hoernle’s is the first attempt to revive it.
“ As to its being good enough for all practical purposes, I look upon the plea as an apology for idle impatience. The term is wanted for the scientific treatment of certain dialects, and not for popular lectures ; and even for popular purposes correct and fully expressive terms are preferable to incorrect, or inexpressive, ones. ‘That name which is radically and essentially Incapable of conveying the idea we wish to express, cannot be good either for science, or for practical purposes, and I cannot but deprecate its use, particularly as I believe there is no difficulty whatever in coining new and fully expressive names when they are needed.
“In forming new terms, two things have to be borne in mind, whether they are to be connotative, or non-connotative. For specific or absolute names we care not whether the word radically indicates the object to which it is applied or not. We talk of mango, and know well what fruit it is, but never bother ourselves, whether it is formed of man and go, or any other combina- tion of the letters of its name. Mr. Long may be the veriest representative of General Tom Thumb, still he is Mr. Long, and Mr. White may be a shade darker than ebony, still he is White. The words, in such cases are, what the grammaridns call, crude, or secondary crude, and as such, no notice is taken of their radicals, or original meanings. But the case becomes different when we have to coin terms which are to connote ideas, not by long associa- tion, or the fiat of the namer, but by the inherent power of their radicals, or in other words to serve as nominal definitions; and in such cases we must be very careful that we do not use words which fail to convey our ideas to the full extent. or convey more than we desire, or, as the Indian logicians express it, are faulty on account of incomprehensiveness (avyéptz) or super- comprehensiveness (ativyapti). Dr. Hoernle admits that Gaudiya was never
182 Rajendralila Mitra—On the term Gaurian. [ Nov.
designed to indicate the Nepali, the Kashmiri, the Punjabi or the Sindhi, and he will not question that the vernacular of the Chilas mountain and of the Shiah Posh Kaffirs of Hindu Kush are Sanskritic vernaculars. If so, ipso facto his term is faulty from being incomprehensive. It is a medizval Indian word with a fixed meaning, and he, as a foreigner, has no right to make it mean more than what it does, so as to include all the languages he wishes to treat of, unless he chooses to call it a word of his own, and not a Sanskrit term, for it has no inherent power of its own to expand and comprehend more than what it has hitherto comprehended. Had the word Dravida been the generic name of countries inhabited by the Tamilian or aboriginal races, and Gauda been its correlative to indicate countries occupied by the Aryan races, the case would have been different; but as the terms never had such meanings, derivatives from them must remain as confined as the originals.
“T object to the term Gaurian the more because it is not by any means éven equal in precision to the words which are now in common use. Dr. Hoernle says, Gaurian is a compact word complete initself. But so is Sanskritic or Indo-Aryan. Gaurian is an adjective, and must be followed by a noun; so is Sanskritic ; and if we put vernacular after it, it can only indicate those current spoken dialects of India whose prevailing grammatical and morphological characters are of Sanskrit origin, and no other. Joined to language or dialect, it would still imply them as also the different Prakrits. Dr. Hoernle says, “It may denote any language which stands in any sort of connexion with Sanskrit ; any language in fact within the whole range of the Indo-European glottic family.” But how itis to do so I cannot imagine. I have been always under the impression that the leading European languages were sisters of the Sanskrit, born of one common parent, the Aryan, and not the descendants of Sanskrit, and therefore could not be called Sanskritic. Indeed, I am not a little surprised that a professed philologist of Dr. Hoernle’s standing should so confound the parent Aryan of the plateau of Central Asia with her descendant, the Indian Sanskrit, as to take them to be the same, and make the latter the parent of the European languages against the concurrent testimony of the leading professors of the modern science of language. No one I imagine will ever call the English, or the Portuguese, a Sanskritic language, and therefore the apprehension Dr. Hoernle entertaims of people being misled, is all but an impossible contingency.
“ Nor are the examples he has given of the cumbrous nature of the com- pounds which the use of the word Sanskritic would lead to at all to the point. “ Sanskritic languages of North India,’ and “the modern Sanskritic lan- guages of North India” which he has put forth, appear very like giants created with a view to destroy them, for they are incorrect on their very face, and I have not advocated their use. He thinks “Gaurian languages” very”
1872. | F. S. Growse—The Tirthas of Brindaban and Gokul. 183
handy, but is the phrase Sanskritic Vernaculars, which his predecessors including Max Muller, the greatest philologist of the day, have used, less so? The same remark applies to the long-winded phrases he has given with reference the term Indo-Aryan.
“ As to his idea of the impossibility of the Gaurian comprehending both the ancient Prakrits and the modern vernaculars, he will find that Mar- kandeya in his Prékrita Sarvrs’va includes Gauda in his list of languages and dialects which come under the head of Prakrit. Doubtless, Dr. Hoernle adds that “an objection taken from the manner of its (Gaudiyd’s) use by Sanskrit writers is irrelevant.” But I must confess my extreme reluctance to submit to this line of reasoning, as I feel pretty certain that were I, a foreigner, to say that man in English must indicate dormice, or some such animals, as well as human beings, and that “an objection taken from the manner of its use by English writers is irrelevant,’ very scant credit will be given me, and that most justly, for the relevancy of my argument. I may add also that European scholars do make mistakes, as is but natural, when they are misled by inaccurate terms, and the Dravidian of Caldwell misled no less an oriental scholar than Dr. John Muir, who, seeing a reference to the Dravidian form of the Prakrit in one of my essays, mistook it for a Tamilian language. Had Caldwell used the generally current and well- understood term Tamilian, instead of Dravidian in a sense of his own, this mistake would never have occurred. In short, I must say that it is infinitely better, when talking of current languages derived from the Sanskrit, to call them Sanskritic vernaculars which will come home to all and every body, than to beat about the bush, and use an ambiguous and uncertain word like Gaurian which has one signification in Sanskrit and another in Dr, Hoernle’s essay.”
2.—On the Tirthas of Brindéban and Gokul.—By ¥. 8. Growss, M. A. B.C...
(Abstract.)
Mr. Growse describes in this paper the antiquities of Brindaban and Gokul. The oldest architectural remains of the former town refer to Akbavr’s reign, and it seems that, though now so well known as 4 place of pilgrimage, it only acquired its fame of sanctity in comparatively modern times. Mr. Growse also discusses General Cunningham’s identification of Alisoboras, the Carisobora of Pliny, with Brindaban (‘ Ancient Geography, p. 375), and shews that the name cannot refer to it.
The paper forms a continuation to Mr. Growse’s Essay on the ‘ Country of Braj,’ and has been referred to the Committee of papers for orders to print it in the Journal.
184 Holmbie—Zaces of Buddhism in Norway. [ Nov.
3.—On a Picnic in Ancient India—By Ba’su Ra’senDRALA’LA Mirra. J
This paper has been referred to the Committee for orders to publish it in the Journal.
The reading of the following papers was postponed.
1. Remarks on Winds, Typhoons Se. on the South Coast of nmi —By Commanver H. C. Sx. Joun. H. IS. Sylvia.
2. Notes on some new species of Rhinolophide—By G. K. Doxsson, Esq. M. B.
8. Ornithological Notes—By W. EH. Brooxs, Esq. C. £.
Extract from a Memoir by Professor Holmboe entitled “ Flaghoagen par Ravimoir og ne buddhistick Topes i Asien.”—On the twmulus called Flaghoug or the mount of Pariblond on the isle of Raven, and on the topes of Asia. By Professor Holmboe of Christiania.
Among the traces to be seen on the tumuli of Pagan Norway of Oriental origin, are the cylindrical forms of the bases of some of them. As the topes of Asia are ordinarily conical masses, resting on cylindrical bases, so are there a number of tumuli in Norway having similar bases, and among these, there are some whose bases resemble exactly those of some of the topes of India and Afghanistan. Thus the basement of Flaghoug on the Isle of Raven, near the south-west coast of Norway, is compared to the tope of Mankiyala, and to two topes of Afghanistan.
The author is of opinion that the compartments in the form of niches, which are to be seen on these bases, contained formerly idols such as the images of Buddha to be seen in Indian topes. In support of this opinion, he cites from Colonel Yule’s travels, some topes in Ava, on which are to this day found images of Buddha placed in niches around the base of the monuments.
In Norway, where the art of sculpture was very little advanced during the Pagan times, one may suppose the images of Linga had been placed in the niches; for the author in his Mémoire on the traces of Sivaism, some years ago, demonstrated that the worship of the Linga had spread to Norway as to other parts of Europe.
Extract from a Memow by M. Holmbée entitled “ Om Novem i Norske Gravhoie.”—On the bark in the tumuli of Norway.
It is a well-known quality of the birch bark, that it resists decay
for centuries ; hence it is that it has been made use of in the cells of many
sepulchral mounds, as an envelope for more precious things. The same bark ,
1872. ] Holmboe—TZraces of Buddhism in Norway. 185
may be seen on the flags of stone which cover the cells. In this case the archeologists have supposed that it was put with a view to prevent water from penetrating into the cells. Tio demonstrate the inexactitude of this opinion, Mons. Holmboe cites examples of. sepulchral cells which have been covered with only one large flag, over which a coating of bark could not
' contribute much to prevent the entrance of water. Consequently he thinks
that the use of the bark must have had another object. The author thinks that the bark is used to bear inscriptions, and in support of this conjecture, he notices that several thin flags of stone have been found over the bark, probably to secure it against injury from damp. As an ulterior argument, he cites several topes of Afghanistan, in which Mr. Masson found, over the upper flags of the cellules a vegetable matter which he names ¢uz or leaves, and which Professor Wilson takes to be “the inner bark of the bhur7 or birch tree, which was very commonly used for writing upon by the Hinds in early times.” In support of this conjecture, the author also cites the cus- tom of the ancient Buddhists, to inscribe on sepulchral urns the names of the persons whose relics were deposited in them.
Extract from a Memoir by Professor C. Holmbée entitled, “ Eat Guldbract- eat Prog, som ofte forekommer.”—A kind of bract of gold which is often met with.
A great number—upwards of 200—gold bracts are preserved in the Mu- seums of Copenhagen, Stockholm, and Christiania, which had been from time to time dug out of the earth—a few being obtained from sepulchral urns under the cinders of the dead. The most common type of these, presents a large human head on the back of a badly drawn quadrangle. Archzologists —predecessors of the author—thought that the type represents Odin, the chief of torla (sic), one of the northern divinities, mounted on his horse Sleepner. This opinion has been combated by Mons. Holmboe, in a memoir printed in the Bulletin of the Society of Sciences of Christiania, for 1858. M. H. has proved in it, that the quadruped ordinarily represented, has horns and therefore cannot be a horse. It has been said that these horns are intended for ears, but several specimens show the horns beside ears. As another argument against the received opinion, it may be observed that Sleepner, according to the legends, had eight feet, whereas the quadruped on the bracts never has more than four. Consequently M. H. started the opinion that the type is a poor imitation of the Buddhist coin, representing Siva mounted on the back of his bull Nandi. But one circumstance which he omitted to notice in his memoir of 1858, has led to his writing again on the subject, and it is this, that the animal everywhere appears carrying a tail in the form of that of a horse, which has contributed much to strengthen the previous opinion. The author now draws attention to the Tibetan bull named Yak, the tail of
186 Holmbie—Zraces of Buddhism in Norway. [ Nov.
which resembles that of a horse, and has placed in juxta-position drawings of the yak tail and three of the bracts under notice, which bear animals with similar tails.
But, it may be asked, what connexion can there exist between Scan- dinavia and Tibet P We reply that the Scandinavians, like other inhabi- tants of Kurope, came from Central Asia. In pre-historic times it was not difficult for the Scandinavians to have been acquainted with the yak, when they were probably on the mountains where the [xana and Jaxartes have their sources. To obviate any objection that may arise from the cireum- stance of the two countries being at such a great distance from each other, the author has an ulterior argument to the effect that among the idols of Tibet now current, there is one which bears a strong resemblance to the figure on the bracts. This is represented on plate No. 253, of M Sclagin- tweit’s Buddhism in Tibet. Itisa horse named Langtu, carrying on its back a figure named Worbon, which evidently is a degenerate representation of the head of S’iva, as M. H. proves by placing on a plate the horse Langtu alongside of a drawing of Siva reproduced form Pallas’ work on the Mongols and Kalmuks. ach of these heads have three eyes and the top of the hair divided, or perhaps in flames. The heads resemble each other as closely as a rude carving on wood can resemble an engraving on copper. The three eyes, so prominent on Norbon, are the parts most revered, and they are what the Kalmuks place on the back of the horse, the three eyes surmounted by a representation of the flaming hair of Siva, and this horse is an ornament on their altars, as shown on one of M. H.’s plates.
There is also another analogy between the ritual customs of the Tibetans and the Scandinavians. These are the constructions called manis or votive altars, formed of two similar walls placed at a short distance from each other, the space enclosed between which is filled up with gravel and earth, and which have the form of a roof, thus The shape, the height, the width and the materials are the aa ne same in Norway and Tibet, but the length varies much here | | and there.
1872. | Library. ; 187
LIBRARY.
The following additions have been made to the Library, since the meeting held in August last. Presentations. *,* Names of Donors in Capitals.
Bulletin dela Société de Géographie, May, June, 1872.—La Socre’rr’ DE GE'OGRAPHIE, Paris.
Bulletin de la Société D’Anthropologie de Paris, Tome VI, (II, Série) 2d, 38rd Fasciculi—La Societe D’ANTHROPOLOGIE, Paris.
Bulletin de l’ Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg.— Tome XVII Nos. 1 to 8.—IwpertaL AcaDEMY OF SCIENCE OF St.. PETERS- BOURG.
Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, Nos. 8 et 4: 1871.—Imrerrtat Socrety or Naturarists or Moscow.
Mémoires de |’ Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Petersbourgh VI, série. Tome XVII, Nos. 11 12, XVIII, Nos. 1 to 7.—Imperian AcapEMY OF SCIENCE OF Sr. PETERSBOURG.
Mémoires de la Société Royale des Antiquaires du Nord. Nouvelle Série 1870-71.—La Socte’te’ Royale DES ANTIQUAIRES DU Norp. CoPENHAGUE.
Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, Vols. VII, p. 7, 8, Vol. VIII, p. 1.—Zoonoetcan Society oF Lonpon.
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Pt. IT, and III, 1871.— ZooLoGicaL Socrery oF Lonpon.
Transactions of the Linnéan Society of London, Vol. XXVII, Pt. IV, XXVIII, Pt. I, and II, XXIX, Pt. 1—LiyneEan Soctetry or Lonpon.
Journal of the Linnéan Society of London, Botany, Vol. XIII, Nos. 66, 67, Zoology, Vol. XI, Nos. 53, 54.—Linnuan Soctery oF Lonpovy.
Journal Asiatique, April May, 1872.—La Socin’tr’ AsraTrQueE DE Parts.
Journal of the Chemical Society, May to July, 1872.—CuHeEmicaL Socrety oF Lonpony.
Journal of the Statistical Society of London, Vol. XXXV, Pt. IL— _ STATISTICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, Nos. 110, 111.—Gzxonoat- CAL Society oF LONDON.
Monatsbericht, Marz, April, 1872,—KonieticH PreussiscHe AKA- DEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN ZU BERLIN.
Jahrbuch, Band XXI, No. 4, XXII, No. 1.—Iwpsrtan GrEoLoaicaL INSTITUTE OF VIENNA.
Bijdragen tot de Taal land-en Volkenkunde Van Nederlandsch Indie, Vol. VI, 2e stuk, 3e stuk.— VoLKENKUNDE VAN NEDERLANDSCH INDIE.
188 Library. [ Nov.
Natuurkundig Tydschift voor Nederlindsch Indie. Deel XXXIT, Ze- vende-Serie, Afl 1-3.—KONINKLIJKE NATUURKUNDIGE VEREENIGING IN NeperLANpscH INpre.
Annals de la Société Impériale d’ Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle, et Arts utiles de Lyon, Tom. I, II, 4 series.—Socte’rE’ Impe’RIALE D’ AGRICULTURE Dr Lyon. :
Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society Vol. XVI, No. 2.— Royal GEOGRAPHICAL Socrery oF Lonpon.
Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. XX, Nos. 184, 185.—Royran Socrery or Lonpon.
Catalogue of Ruminant Mammalia (Pecora, Linneus) in the British Museum, By J. HE. Gray, F. B. S. F. L. S.—Trusrers oF THE BririsH MUsEUM.
Maenetical and Meteorological Observations, Vol. I.—Drrecror,MaGne- TICAL METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATORY, BATAVIA.
Tagore Law Lecture, 1872, by Herbert Cowell, Esq.—RueistRaR Cat- cuTta UNIVERSITY.
The Holy Bible in the Sanscrit language, Vol. [V.—Tue Rev. C. B. LEWIS. .
Phormium Tenax, as a Fibrous Plant. By James Hector, M. D., F. R. S.—TwHe Avrnor.
Further Papers relative to the preparation of the Phormium Fibre.— By James Hector, M. D., F. R. S.—T HE Avruor.
Calcutta Journal of Medicine, May June, 1872.—TuHer Eprror.
Christian Spectator, August, September, October, 1872.—Tue Eprror.
Professional Papers on Indian Engineering, Vol. I, No. 5, by Major A. M. Lang.—Tue Eprror.
Ramayana, edited by Hem Chandra, Vol. II, No. 16, Vol. III, No. 1.— THe Eprror.
The Thanatophidia of India, being a description of the venomous snakes of the Indian Peninsula by J. Fayrer, M. D., C. 8. 1, F. R. 8. E.— THE AUTHOR.
Uber Ein zum Weissen Yajus gehoriges phonetisches Compendium des Pratijnésutra, von A. Weber.—THE AUTHOR.
Indische Studien, Vol. XII1.—Tux Avrnos.
Notes on the Raptorial Birds of India. By A. Anderson F. (.Z. S.— THe AUTHOR.
A Vocabulary of the Kashmiri Language. By W.J.Elmslie, M.A.,M.D.— THe AUTHOR.
Vaja-Sanei-Sanhita of Madhyandiniya S.kha of the White Yajurveda, Pt. IV, By Thakura Giriprasada.—THE Avruor. p
Flora Sylvatica, Pt. 24.—Tuz Government oF Inpr1a, Home Depart- MENT.
1872.] Library. 189
Selections from the Records of the Government of India, Dept. of Agriculture, Revenue, and Commerce, No. XC.—THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, REVENUE, AND COMMERCE.
Report on Meteorology, Museum, and Horticultural Gardens, in the _ Province of Oudh, 1871-72.—THE GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL.
Tobacco, its cultivation and preparation in the Phillippine Islands.— THE GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL. .
Selections from the Records of Government, North Western Provinces, Vol. VI, No. 2.—Tur Government N. W. PROVINCES.
Report on the Sanitary Administration of the Panjab, 1870.—Tue GOVERNMENT OF THE Panva’B.
Report on the Meteorology of the Panjab, 1871. By A. Neil, M. R. C. S. L.—Tue GOVERNMENT OF THE PANJA‘B.
Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. IX Pt. 1—Tue SUPERINTENDENT OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA.
Records of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. V, Pt. III.—Tus SUPERINTENDENT OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF InptIa.
Kachange.
The Atheneum, April to July, 1872. Nature, Nos. 181-152.
Purchase.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, June—September 1872.— London, EK. and D. Philosophical Magazine, June 1872.—Revue des Deux Mondes, 1st May to 1st September 1872.—Revue de Zoologie, Nos. 3-6.— Revue Archéologique, Nos. 4-8, 1872,—Revue Linguistique, Tome Quatriéme 4 Fasc. Tome Cinquiéme 1 Fasc.—American Journal of Science, May to August, 1872.—The Ibis, July 1872.—Journal des Savants, May-July 1872.—Comptes Rendus, Vol. LX XIV, Nos. 19-26, 1872, LX XV, Nos. 1-9, 1872.—Reeve’s Conchologia Iconica, parts 292, 2938.—Indian Antiquary, August to October 1872.—Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, Band IT, Heft III, von Dr. C. Semper.—Rig-Vida-Sanhita—Vol. V. By Max Miller M. A.—Calcutta Review, October, 1872.
RL LPL LOL LPL LL PLL LL ILL LDL
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
FoR PECEMBER, 1872.
The Monthly General Meeting of the Society, was held on Wednesday, the 4th instant, at 9 Pp. M.
T. Oldham, Esq., LL. D., President, in the chair.
The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.
Mr. Wood-Mason exhibited on behalf of A. Wallis Paul, Esq.,—
The sides of a stone box and of a copper box found in Hatkhola, Chittagong, together with two figures.
The following letter accompanied them.
‘ About the middle of March last, I was informed by the police of Mais- eal* (Maheshkhali) thana, that a stone chest containing two idols had been found in the house of a Hinda, living at Hatkhola in Thakurtala, and at the same time they sent the two images, which are now with you. They did not say that there was anything else. Some time after this I heard that some money and a small metal box were in the chest when found, but had not been given up by the finder. On a second order being sent, the _ pieces of metal, now with you, were given up, but all knowledge of the existence of treasure was denied.’
‘There is no certainty as to the date of its discovery. The finders declare that they gave information to the police instantly, and have delivered up all they found, viz., the chest, fragments of the box, and the images. The mohunt of the Adhinath at Thakurtala, is, however, of the opinion, that the box was discovered some two years ago, but its existence concealed from
* Maiscal is a laree island, extending from opposite Cox’s Bazar away to the ros) ? 5 Wy
north,
192 Inseribed stones Se. from Chittagong. [ Dec:
fear, and that it contained some Burmah gold (which is very pure and much prized down in Chittagong) or gold coins, which the finder has appropriated.’
‘The common people consider that the chest and images are merely a charm, used in ancient times by the Maghs, to keep off evil spirits and jinus, and to bring prosperity on the house where it lies.’
‘Several respectable Maghs have seen the chest and images, but do not agree as to their precise meaning.’
‘Cherra Phru Chaudhari, a zamindir in Nhilla, and Momphré the | interpreter at Cox’s Bazar, say that the figures are all numerical, and represent certain mystical formule to keep persons and spirits off from the box, and thus preserve the treasure which must have been found with it. This treasure either consisted of gold or some white fluid metal (as I under- stood the description) resembling quicksilver. The images according to this theory, were placed there to act as guardians, having their hands and legs tied for security.’
‘Gunai Mizi Thaktr, Raoli of Harbagh, (and also to KAlindi Rani, one of the Hill Tracts chiefs) a highly respectable, well educated man, states as his opinion that the chest is intended to commemorate a victory by a Burmah Rajah over a Bengali or rather Musalman one. He offered to decipher the inscriptions and find the date of the event, if an exact copy of the stones could be sent him.’
‘The box was apparently found near the surface of the ee by the finder while digging a hole for some posts.’
‘The pieces of stone are marked North, South, Hast, West, top and bottom.’
The following presentations were announced—
1. From H. Beverley, Esq., C. 8..—Knotted ropes used by the San- tals in taking the census of 1872.
The following letter accompanied the donation—
‘I beg to forward for deposit in the Society’s Museum, should you think them worthy of a place there, a few specimens of the knotted strings that were used in the late Census Operations in the wilder parts of the Santal Parganas. The strings are of four colours,—black for male adults, red for female adults, white for boys and yellow for girls—each knot re- presenting a unit of the population. The Census of these parts was thus taken by the people themselves through their own headmen, this being the national method of counting among the Santals and being employed on this occasion in consequence of the inability of the headmen to read and write.’
‘Some years hence the strings will doubtless be looked at with curiosi- ty as relics of the barbarism that pervaded parts of Bengal before being _ subjected to the softening influences of a civilized Government.’
1872. | Inam grants found in the Malnéd. 193 —
2. From Col. J. T. Walker, R. E., Superintendent G. T. Survey of India,—a copy of “ Notes on the Harmonic Analysis of Tidal Observations.” 3. From Babu Réamnirdin, through the Hon’ble E. C. Bayley, C. 8. I..—four Diamonds, said to have been found in the bed of a hill stream
’ near Simla.
4. From the Chief Commissioner of Maisdr,—a copy of Memoran- dum, by R. Cole, Esq., Superintendent of Inam Settlements, Maisur, on certain copper grants found during the settlement of the Inims in the Malnad or Hill-Tracts of the Nagar Division with translations of the inscriptions.
Memo. on Certain Copper Grants found during the settlement of the Indéms in the Malnad or Hill-tracts of the Nagar Division.
1. During my investigation into the inams located in the Malnad talooks of the Nagar Division, I had occasion to mspect the copper grants held by the Agrahardirs of the villages noted below.
1. Kuppagadde, Soraba Talook.
2. Gauja, Anantapura do.
3. Bhimanna Katté Matha of the Kavaledurga Talook.
These grants are of undoubted antiquity, and are said to have been made by Janaméjaya who is mentioned in the Vishnu Purana as the son of Parikshit, who was the grandson of Arjuna, who again was one of the five sons of Pandu, whose adventures and exploits are narrated in the great epic poem of the Maha Bharata.
2. These grants are said to have been executed in the 111th year of the Kaliyuga, or 2990 years before Christ, according to the system of Hin- du chronology hitherto in vogue ; but Professor Wilson has formed an opi- nion that Parikshit, the grandson of Arjuna, with whose reign the Kaliyuga commences, could not have lived before the 13th century B. C. Professor Wilson would appear to have adopted this era by shewing that Sandra- coptus of the Greek writers was the Chandragupta of Hindu history. Mr. J. Garrett, the Director of Public Instruction in Mysore and Coorg, adop- ting this basis for Hindu chronology, is of opinion that Janameéjaya must have reigned some time in the 12th century B. C.
8. It will be observed in the translations of the grants for the Gauja and Kuppagadde Agrahars, which have been rendered by my Personal Assis- tant, that these grants are said to have been made during the great “Sarpa Yaga” or sacrifice of serpents, though the allusion to the solar eclipse is only made in the grant for the Gauj Agrahar. A copy of this grant was sent some years ago by Sir Mark Cubbon to Colonel Ellis, who was then Poli- tical Agent at Bundelkund. Colonel Ellis asserted that the solar eclipse alluded to in the grant was that of 1521 A. D., and drew the conclusion
194 Inam grants found in the Malnéd. [Dezc.
that the Janaméjaya alluded to must have been one of the Vijiyanagar kings. Colebrooke denounced this grant as a forgery, and declared that the writing was modern, and that the errors in the composition betrayed gross ignorance.
4. The grant of the Bhimankatte Matha is dated in the 89th year of the era of Yudishtira, who was the eldest of the five brothers, the sons of Pandu by his wife Kunti or Putha. This Matha is situated on the banks of the Tunga and takes its name from a Katte, or anicut, partly natural and partly composed of huge blocks of stone, which Bhima, another of the five sons of Pandu, is alleged to have hurled across the bed of the river so as to form the dam. I have begun the translation of the legendary account of the origin of this Matha, but, as pointed out by Mr. Narasimmaiengar, the doctrine of Madhvachar was only promulgated between 5 and 600 years ago. Whatever may be the origin of the Matha, the dam bears undoubted traces of the wondrous magnitude of the works of those days.
ROB. COLE,
Supt. of Inam Settlements, Mysore. 5th August, 1872. ,
Translation of the Copper Grant produced by the Agrahardars of Kuppagadde, Soraba Talook.
SLOKA I. Jayatyavishkritam Vishnor. Varaham Kshobhitérnavam : Dakshinonnata Damshtragra. Vishranta Bhuvanam Vapuhu.
The body of Vishnu, incarnate in the form of a boar, on the edge of whose lofty right tusk the earth rested, and which agitated and troubled the ocean, exists in transcendent glory.
Emperor Janaméjaya ; the refuge of the whole universe; the master of the earth ; the Maharaja of Rajas, the arbiter of Rajas ; the great Maharaja ; the master of Hastinapura, the Queen of cities ; the bestower of widowhood on the wives of the hostile princes of Ardha and Bhagadatta ; the sun of the lotus of the Pandava race ; the skilful in warfare; whose sun-like bow re- sembled the Kalinga serpent; the single handed hero; the undaunted in battle; the slayer of ‘ Asvapatiraya’ and ‘ Dis4pata Gajapatiraya’ ; the smi-
1872. ] Iném grants found in the Malnad. 195
ter at the head of Narapatiraya; the terror of Simanta Mriga Chamara Konkana and the four quarters of the globe ; the famous in Bharata Shastra* consisting of pure Salanga, Brahma Vina, &c., sprung from the mouth of Bramha; professor of many Shastras, the celebrated possessor of the 3 mantras (charms) of Kéorantaka Vyala Naga, &., whose lotus-like feet are universally saluted; the fire of the abodes of inimical dynasties ; the ever- bright ; the son of others’ wives ;+ the bearer of the flag of the golden boar ; the most refulgent in the circle of Rajas; who is duly adorned; the de- scendant of the blessed lunar race ; and the son of Emperor Parikshit was reigning at Hastinapura in the midst of happy and virtuous amusements. During an expedition of conquest, at the confluence of the Tungabhadra and Haridra, at the shrine of Hariharadéva, in the dark half of the month of Chaitra of the year 111, on Monday combined witht Bharani Nakshatra, Sankranti and Vyatipata Nimitta, on the occasion of Sarpa Yaga (serpent sacrifice) when the purnahuti, or the rite of consummation was being per- formed, in the midst of 2,000 Brahmans, the Emperor granted in due form as an offering of blessing to Brahmans, of whom the principal were Madhava Pattavardhana of Atréyagétra of Karndtaka race; Senkara ghalisaru of Vasishtagdtra of the same race; Ydgisvara Pattavardhanaru of Srivatsagd- tra, and Vishnu Dikshita, of Visvamitragdtra ofthe said race; the village of Pushpagaddé, situated in the midst of Kampanaya Nadu, Yeppattu and Banavasi Sahasra, together with the 9 subordinate villages of Bammahalli, Nittakki, Neché, Korakddi, Annangaddé, Kodalikere, Gendana kulavalli and and Kowndéyahalli, inclusive of the items of revenue comprehended by the terms Chakravarti mechi, Panchanga Pasaya, Chatra Sukhasana, Balidagad- digé, Ankadanda khandana, and Ashtabhoga téjassamya.
The boundaries thereof are described below :—
On the north-east, a nulla at which the limits of Pushpagaddé, Haya and Kantapura villages converge.
South of the above, the bend of a stream at which the limits of Push- pagaddé, Haya and Vuddaré meet.
To the west of the above, Mathiya kola or pond so called near the boundaries of Kattaligé and Pushpagaddeé.
To the west of the above, Balaya kola or pond so called where the boundaries of Pushpagaddé, Kadaligé and Tavanidhi meet.
To the west of the above, the boundaries of Tavanidhi and Pushpagad dé meet at a place called Lavadakattu.
* Treats of Music and Pantomime, + Chaste. { Astronomical Symbols.
196 Iném grants found in the Malnad. (Dec.
To the south-west, the limits of Pushpagaddé, Tavanidhi and Tekkuru meet at a rising called Moliya Maradi.
To the north of the above, Magéru or mark so called defining the boun- daries of Pushpagaddé, Tekkuru and Kolaga.
To the north of the above, Vuyanguddé marking the limits of Pushpa- gaddé and Kolaga.
To the east of the above, Palagolla at which the boundaries of Pushpa- gaddé, Bastiru and Tanaguppé terminate.
To the east, a stream, marking the boundaries of Pushpagaddé, and Tanaguppé, as also the boundary of K4ntapura.
The boundaries from the east to the north-east (have been specified) are complete.
SLOKA IT.
Samanyoyam Dharmasétur Nripandm. Kélé Kalé Pélaniyd Bhavadbhihi.
Sarvanétan Bhévinah Parthivéndran. Bhiyobhuyd YXachaté Rémachandraha.
Ramachandra again and again entreats all future kings and rulers.
“This (grant) which is a bridge of charity common to all rulers, should be protected from time to time by you.”
SLOKA. ITI.
Svadattaém Paradattam Vda. Yoharéta Vasundharam.
Shashtir Varsha Sahasrant. Vishtdyam Jayaté Krimihi.
Whoever usurps (or takes away) land, which has been granted either by himself or others, will be born a worm in human offal, (and will suffer there) for sixty thousand years.
SLOKA IV.
Bramhasvatvam Visham Ghoram. Navisham Vishamuchyaté : Vishamékikinam Hantt. Branhasvam Putra Powtrakan.
1872. ] Iném grants found in the Malnad. 197
The Brahman’s property is a virulent poison, and poison is not called poison, (because) poison kills a single person, but Brahman’s property slays the whole race, inclusive of the sons and grandsons.
Note by Translator.
Kuppagaddeé is an Agrahar about 8 miles from Soraba, and situated in that Talook. It is called Pushpagaddeé iu the grant. ‘The present occu- pants do not seem to be lineally descended from the original grantees, as their respective gdtras are different. The village, though styled agrahar, was to all intents and purposes Sarkar, but the result of the settlement will restore to it the status of an alienated village. ‘The boundaries described in the Sasanam are not, with a few exceptions, identifiable.
The grant is engrossed on 8 sheets of copper protected by two more, - one underneath and the other on the top, the whole clasped together by a massive ring of the same metal impressed with the seal of a boar at the _ point of soldermg. The last sheet of the writing is broken towards the right-hand side, thereby rendering some of the ‘ Slokas’ at the end unread- able.
The characters of the SAsanam are said to be ‘ Nandi Nagara,’ and re- semble those of the modern ‘ Balaband,’ although there are several differ- ences, which mark the writing in the Sasanam as a separate dialect. The Sanskrit portion of the composition is not very creditable to the original composers, and abounds with inaccuracies. In the translation, they have been as far as possible rectified in the ‘ Slokas at the commencement and termination. The Kanarese words used in the body of the grant do not im- press one with its alleged antiquity when compared with those to be met with in old stone inscriptions, whose genuineness is guaranteed by their not being portable.
At the commencement in reciting the titles of Janaméjaya, the words (chacha puta chacha puta) are inserted. It is not known to what. they refer, and what is their meaning.
. Certain eminent astrologers, who have been consulted on the subject, doubt the truth of the astronomical combinations said to have occurred on the day of the grant. It is a problem, however, which is best reserved for solution by learned antiquaries. The year of the grant is denoted by the letters (ka, ta, ka) being the first letters of 2 series in the Sanskrit alphabet. It is therefore, if true, 4861 years old, being executed in the year 111 of the Kaliyuga, or 2960 years B. C. Janaméjaya flourished at the commence- ment of the Kali age. It is mentioned, however, in a Sanad confirming the
198 Inscriptions from Banka, Bhagalpur. {Dec:
village issued by Chennammaji, a female oceupant of the gadiof Nagar in 1743, A. D. ANANTAPURA, V. N. NarsuMMAIENGAR. 2nd January, 1872. |
Babu Rajendralala Mitra remarks on these grants as follows.—
‘The copper grants are the most daring and barefaced forgeries that I have ever seen. 'The character, modern Balaband, in which they are inscrib- ed, the style of their invocations, the imprecatory verses with which they close, the existence in their texts of Kanarese words, the gross orthographic and etymological errors which disfigure them, and the references they make to modern names of places, leave no doubt in my mind that they have been got up with a view to establish the right of certain persons to enjoy rent free the villages named in them. Records dating from 2990 years before Christ, cannot be expected to be inscribed in Balaband, or to use Kanarese
ewords. Sanskrit, five thousand years ago, must have been very different from what the writer has used for the invocations and imprecations ; and it is extremely doubtful if the language of the Brahmans had penetrated so far down into the peninsula as Malnad at that time ; no European orientalist believes that it had then ever come to the North-West frontier.’
5. From Munshi Gangapraséd, Deputy Collector, Murddabad—6 copper coins found in Mauza’ Sarthal, Parganah Bilari, and 4 silver coins found buried under ground at Kankar Khera, a village about 11 miles north of Muradabad.
6. Baba Rajendralala Mitra submitted facsimiles of two inscriptions, received from Babi Rash Bihéri Bose, of Banka, zila Bhagalptr. One of them runs as follows :—
are ofa amysia far fqaatusteare gaa faa Raa yCUT aT AST Users Nae Hacareisagia(Mepararaiasaanae Stra fweay- aQveTeageAMMIa MAC Bates we AWeaTWsTA aaa WVleaieUsie ewart) wartaayiea faed: war aafae RH a Aha UST aw aay Sass Waa Gad Ta NN fe a Qooe Translation.
In the month of Aidhava (Bais‘dkha, April—May) S’aka year 1517. S’ri Marri Haji Rahigal Khan, a sun manifest in the lotus of a pure Brah- man race, an humble follower of the faith (Dim) ————— of Danial ——— the descendant of the divine great king and king of kings, S’rimat Akbar Shah, whose toes are wiped of their dust by the friction of the corners of lines of jewelled heads of lords of earth, dedicated masjids, temples, &c. His address to future kings. “I shall be his servant’s servant, birth after birth, who will protect this my work. H. 8, 1000.
1872.] E. Thomas—Readings of Rare Coins. 199
The Babu remarked—
“This record is barely two hundred and eighty-nine years old. It was put up by a Brahman pervert to Moslemism, whose Muhammadan name is Rahagal Khan. He had performeda pilgrimage to Mecca, whence his title Haji. What his other title Marrz means, I cannot make out. I have failed also to make out what relation he bore to Prince Danial whose name he in- vokes: probably he was a petty commander in the division under that prince. The name of the prince is written Danala, and the title which follows, pro- bably a corrupt Persian or Arabic word, runs thus tabababi-gabat. The epithet which occurs next is Dina-s’rentdanya, literally a poor man or beg- gar (danya) in the line s’rent of poor men, (dina) ; but I fancy the dina here is the Arabic din or faith, and danya, its derivative, a follower of the faith. Akbar, the father of Danial, is described as a deva or god, which is by no means so extravagant as the popular epithet Déllis’varova jagadis'varovd, “ Lord of Delli, or the Supreme Deity ;” ascribed to him and his descendants. The other titles applied to him are in perfect keeping with this epithet.
“The character of the record is an old form of Bengali, and the language is Sanskrit ; but its orthography is throughout corrupt. At the bottom of the record occurs the figure of a donkey, the object of which is not manifest to me.
“The character of the second inscription is very like that of the pre- ceding, but the facsimile is so smudgy that it cannot be read. The figure at the bottom of the record is an elephant instead of a donkey.”
7. From the Hon’ble E. C. Bayley, C.S.I., on the part of Mr. E. Thomas, the following readings of rare Bengal coins, now in possession of Col. Guthrie.
CoIns OF ALTAMSH. No. 1. Silver. Size, 72. Weight, 168 grs. Very rare. an. 614, . OBVERSE. Erioses| hol Lol ch bal} ro] 2 bad| ptt Golly iol cyne bred} wlelend ; REVERSE. Horseman at the charge. Margin— Blais 9 pins as | Ki epi St Jom) [ One? ] x oe we x OY No. 2: Gold. Weight, 70°6 grs. Unique. Gaur, a. u. 616. New reading. For the figure, vide ‘ Chronicles of the Pathan kings,’ p. 78. OBVERSE. py wl ys cesta) pres} be yy! enol Laat Lyrents pbre| oy laLandf 3 * lezed| _* Qilij Arslin, the Seljtiq of Anatolia (a.n. 656), uses this title of s$0| wis wi5+J| (Frachn, p. 156), The three sons of Kai Khusrau (.n, 647) employ the term in the plural ur4*ly?.
200 E. Thomas—Readings of Rare Ooins. [Drc.
REVERSE. Horseman at the charge. In the field—- jx Gye ~ Margin—&l iv 9 pe Sw Kw 5 syiiy aU Jory ww a ¥ No. 3. Silver. Size, 7. Weight, 168 grs. Very rare. a.H. 616. OBVERSE. wld thst eat} REI g3} 2OIt 9 Ld OSE Cpnedt pbre)| ey labend VEVERSE. Horseman at charge. aU yr oo? aly My at ¥ Margin— &ylohe 9 pic aw die 23 ly No. 3a. Variety. Weight, 162 gr. Date illegible. The Persian legend on the obverse is given in very imperfectly defined characters, and offers the peculiarity of the insertion of the Hindi letters 1, for Shdh, above the name of the king, thereby indicating that both die-engravers and the local public were naturally better versed in the old alphabet than im the newly imported letters of the conquerors.
Corns oF Guids tp pin ’Awz. No. 4. Silver. Size, 7}. Weight, 161 grs. (full weight.) A.H. 616. (7 specimens.) OBVERSE. Se) el Geel let Use eit ot oto y Wo Sle peel olblt Wd ged Reverse. Sl Gym) oom? Ay My) at Y Margin— Siw 9 yths Cw Aro yy gd BSS} BAX eyed No. 5. Silver. Size, 83. Weight, 165 grs. aH. 617. (2 specimens.)
OBVERSE. eee eee teat ae iu ot wits lott Ge pba! ylbltt wideyel! Reverse. SU} Yywy oa? aly H ay y Margin— (§ ) &zledue g pie ar let} 23 li} 9 Mend} ye wd No. 6. Silver. Size, 8. Weight, 169. (Coarse badly formed legends). A.H. 617. (8 specimens.) OBVERSE. et pol ww ww (yer eet gi welt» Lol} ahe pbsit ejlledadl wir} 5 GE] Ue so4s ese edezedl REVERSE. wheres! sat UY Got pel) aly Sor) dan? ai] att Y
———ee
eS A eee ee
1872. ] E. Thomas—Readings of Rare Coins. 201
Margin—&lhue 9 pdt Blow div Dt xs 9 Sued} 250 aye One example gives the varied reading of 4» _,& Uy eh) os? is $92 Gypd Kalgtos * & Ew Al-Nasir li din-illah was invested in the Khiléfat in a.n. 575, and _ died on the 1st Shawwal, a.n. 622 (Sth October, 1225 «.p.). No. 7. Silver. Size, 9. Weight, 169 grs. Dated 20th of Rabi’ ul akhar A.H. 620. (7 specimens.)* OBVERSE. crpbdlad| lbs uyshopell pret odd oreo t ow Cte? clili ptt Oils Woliwls Bo AU} MA Cpricgel} prof 8X2 Cole yPBelt gat wot y Lott 9 REVERSE. : Edie oad wel BU} wy pol AUE fguey doe? aly Mp ay Y
Margin—&jledew 9 waydic Aino AU ayy se Gyo etptre)} uu a
No. 7a. Variety. Weight, 165 grs. Coin of the same date and similar character, which transfers the complete name of s* into the third line: the dubious prefix to the second wo | 3 lsioJ| reads more as 53%, while the suggested 843, above given, appears as y/o.
No. 8. Silver. Size 83. Weight, 168 grs. Square-Kufic characters which seem to belong to Lahor or some northern Mint. a.H. 62x. ? OBVERSE.
ECA ES wie? cstbaland rotalsy kb} rly sou 9 lio re ecard wy Leland
Epgelt pha} pols bh REVERSE. eptosett pot SU) God poli} SU} Cfyaey doe” aly Mp ode Y Margin—4zleiw 9 wire § Gas} 108 Chronicles of the Pathan Kings, p. 15. PI. 1. figs. 48.
BengaLt Corms oF ALTAMSH SUBSEQUENT TO THE REASSERTION OF HIS IMPERIAL Sway. No. 9. Silver. Size 7. Weight, 168 grs. Bengal type ofcoin. a.H. 622, OBVERSE. . | SRLS der lbh} pews reed toatl crt od}_g LIS Cypnnd pbs. wal Jf wddogad] pvc} el REVERSE. As in Nos. 6 and 7,—Coins of Ghids-ud-din. No. 10. Silver. Size 8. Weight 168 grs. (2 specimens), s.H. 624, * See also Marsden, No, pcctvit., p. 564. There are two coins of this type in his collection in the British Museum,
202 H. Blochmann—Remarks on Mr. Thomas’s readings. [Drc.
OBVERSE. eet 0 wibby Chesslay SI} gt at 9 Lod} pads @bel Yu lelet wae
REVERSE.
wrrdogal| prot SUt pols poll] KU fouey dace? SU} Yp at Y Margin—&be ew 9 Gy pine y Cit Ke yy & He He OD yd Al Zahir beamrillah, the Khalifah, whose name is inscribed on this coin, succeeded his father on the 2nd of Shawwal, a.m. 622, and died on the 14th Rajab, a.n. 623 (July 11, 1226 a.p.). Bar Hebreeus, Abulfara, p. 302. No. 11. Silver. Size, 7. Weight 167 (one specimen). a.H. 624. Square area, within double lines, following the pattern of some of the examples of Muhammad Ghori’s coins. | OBVERSE. re vlbledt tery RBI) gt tt 4 ot Coad pbed! wlblud} The words cytse/t ys! are inserted in the interstices between the square area and the circular marginal line, in the Delhi coins of Bahram Shah. Vide Chronicles of the Pathan Kings, p. 118. REVERSE, Legend in the area as in the last coin. Margin—ylebo 9 Gry 2 @ yf Kius & & Qoyad No, 12. Silver. Size 93. Weight, 168. Unique. a.m. 627? OBVERSE. | eu st wo 9 lo ors) peer lta) nd wrdogad hl &UL pre Konedell Erde gal} sof wl, cy babend| rou. REVERSE. O99 Gy glLndsy cost 31 eos 3 Inyo} Ac Job gundgcs ene cp lladand , (pio ged | yt! ype &My BAIS Ones Margin—&leivw Cyt ytne 43 Bhw Sho yy gd . The reading of ¢5}Jtys! is speculative: the letters are distinct, as are also the two dots of the cs, but that letter itself cannot be traced, and the visible remains of the character succeeding the letters are more like | or ws? than the suggested ¢}.
Mr. Blochmann said—
The coins described by Mr. Thomas belong to Col. Guthrie. They had been photographed, and he had much pleasure in submitting a copy to the members.
The valuable coins of Iltitmish (Altamsh) marked 11, 12, 13, on the photograph, have enabled Mr. Thomas to give a correct reading of the unique
gold coin of that king, published on p. 78 of his ‘ Chronicles of the Pathan
Kings,’
1872. ] H. Blochmann—Remarks on Mr. Thomas’s readings. 203°
Of the other coins, the most valuable is the unique Daulatsh4hi silver coin, No. 16 on the photograph and No. 12 in Mr. Thomas’s readings. To- gether with the Ghiasuddin ’Iwaz coins, it forms one of the earliest specimens of Muhammadan coiage in Bengal. ’Aldéuddin Daulatshah seems to be the Malik ’Alauddin Jani mentioned in the Tabagat i Nagirt (Bibl. Ind. Edition, pp. 174,178). The royal titles assumed by the early Bengal Governors were customary in those days ; vide the inscription by ’Izzuddin Abul Fath Tughril from Bihar (A. H. 640, or A. D. 1242), Pl. vu. of the Journal, A. S, Bengal, Pt. I, for 1871.
Of the Ghiis ’Iwaz coins, Mr. Thomas’s No. 7 (Nos. 8 and 9 of the photograph) was published by Marsden. It is curious that the coin does not give him the name Husdémuddin, which he has in the Tabaqat.
The name ’Zwaz must not be pronounced ’Awz, a form which is not usual asaname. Itimplies that the parents look upon the son as “a substitute” (iwaz) for a deceased elder son, and is therefore the Arabic equivalent for the more vulgar ‘ Tinkauri, ‘ Panchkauri, and ‘ Satkauri, names so often used at the present day by the lower classes in India; for ‘ ¢énkaur?’ also shews that parents have lost sons, and that they called the newborn son “Three Cowries- Worth,” in order to induce the Angel of Death to spare so valueless a being. Or parents even sell such a child to lucky parents for the nominal value of three cowries, in order to make the Angel of Death be- lieve that the child does not belong to them.
The accumulation of secondary, or juwlus, names on Ghidsuddin’s coins is extraordinary. The prose-rhyme, or saja’, is also noticeable.
Guided by the photograph, I would read the obverse of the Ghidsuddin Iwaz coin, No. 7 (Nos. 8 and 9, of the photograph) as follows :—
whblo Gprbooatt parol ais oe! I er Kyaxe SOM ott wtf 9 Lott & he kKbo at old uyio gest tal uke gle reed gil © Jd! 9 Laos} a» wpb dhe
Ghidsuddunya waddin Abul Fath ’Iwaz, son of Al Husain, who shares (his property) with the Commander of the Faithful, the king of kings, the light of the world and of the faith, Abul Muzaffar ’ Ali, the right hand of the Commander of the Faithful—may God perpetuate his kingdom !
The word )» (for the suggested 5%) is very clear on No. 8 of the pho- tograph, and even on No. 9, where the waw has run into the re; ji-ldunya 1s impossible. The reading yamén is clear, at least on No. 9 of the photo- sraph ; yaduhu or ’ala yadiht makes no sense.
On the reverse of the Daulatshah coin, the photograph suggests isl leat gat Abul Mo’ dlé, for the unusual Abul Ghazi.
Daulatshah gives Iltitmish the julus-name Abw/fath, whilst the coms of the Dihli emperor have dbul Muzaffar.
204 Election of Members. [Dxc.
8. From the Government of Bengal,—a copy of Reports on the Sur- vey Operations connected with the Lushai Expeditionary Force, Eastern Frontier, 1871-72.
9. From Professor A. Agassiz,—a copy of a Paper entitled Ap- plication of Photography to Illustrations of Natural History. With two figures printed by the Albert-type and Woodbury Processes.
10. From EK. Gay, Esq.,—a copy of De Laét’s De Imperio Magni Mo- golis, stve India Vera. Leyden, ex officina Elzeviriana, anno 1631.—16mo. (rare). Also a copy of De Laét’s Persia, seu Regni Persiae Status. Leyden, ex officina Elzeviriana, anno 1633.—16mo. (rare).
The following gentlemen duly proposed and seconded at the last meet-
ing were elected Ordinary Members EK. O’Brien, Esq., ©. 8. CPs Bird; Msg. §: D. C. J. Ibbetson, Esq., C. S. Rev. A. F. R. Hoernle. Capt. E. Swetenham. Rev. C. H. Chard. Major J. G. Forbes, R. E. Babu Praénanatha Pandit.
The following are candidates for ballot at the next meeting—
George Ludovic Houstoun, Esq., Johnstone Castle, Renfrewshire, proposed by J. Wood-Mason, Esq., seconded by Dr. 'T. Oldham.
J. Allen, Esq., proposed by L. Schwendler, Esq., seconded by Col. Hyde, R. E.
H. C. Williams, Esq., B. C. S., Chhindwara, Central Provinces, pro- posed by L. Schwendler, Esq., seconded by Dr. Stoliczka.
H. L. Dennys, Esq., Officiating Assistant Cotton Commissioner, Nag- ptr, proposed by LL. Schwendler, Esq., seconded by Captain J. Water- house.
Lieutenant R. Wace, R. A., Pina, proposed by L. Schwendler, Esq., seconded by Captain J. Waterhouse.
F. Schlegel, Esq., proposed by L. Schwendler, Esq., seconded by H. Blochmann, Esq., M. A.
Col. H. Drummond, R. E., proposed by Dr. T. Oldham, seconded by Captain J. Waterhouse.
Rev. J. D. Bate, missionary, Allahabad, proposed by J. Beames, Esq., C.8., seconded by H. Blochmann, Esq., M. A.
Col. J. F. Tennant, R. E. has intimated his desire to withdraw from
¢
the Society.
1872.] H.C. St. John—Winds, typhoons, Sc. on S. Coast of Japan. 205
The following papers were read—
1. Remarks on winds, typhoons, Sc. on the South Coast of Japan.—By ComMANDER H. C. Sr. Jonny, H. I. S., Sylvia.
The most prevalent winds in the Southern parts of Japan are from the north-east.
Throughout an entire year, the proportion was as follows, taking 1000 hours as an index :—
Between ONivand: We) Giodcivcdveds.. 500 a ON. Warned WV 22 oR 200 s Pei veme BY isd. do. \eti bas 100 Mi Bye aaa Pe ES ae Sel 0.99
During April, May, June, July, August and Sept. N. E. winds prevail, hauling more easterly in June, July and part of August. In August and September S. Easterly winds are most frequent than during any other months,
In October, variable winds prevail. The N. W. wind begins.
During November, December, January, and February, the N. W. winds prevail and blow hard. In March, the N. W. and N. E. winds are equally distributed.
The 8. Westerly winds most frequently occur during the early parts of September.
It appears then the winds on the southern coasts of Japan are easterly during April,—(spring)—and hauling to the S. as the summer approaches pass through 8S. and W. to N. W. during winter, coming again through N. to N. EH. and E. in spring and summer.
The numerous mountain ranges and high lands of Japan, appear mostly to run West and East. They are cwt into by Bays and Channels, such as Kago- sima, Owarri, Suruga, Uraga and Yedo Gulfs, and Bungo and Kii Channels. These numerous openings in the coast form funnels for the N. Westerly winter winds to blow down. ‘This invariably will be found to occur, and fierce and strong these winds are, blowing hard gales for periods between three hours and thirty-six.
During winter a clear sky and bright day is generally a sure sign of a strong N. Westerly wind. Not unfrequently at the setting of the sun or moon, this wind dies away.
The Barometer is as likely to rise as remain steady previous to their commencement.
Gales from seaward or between East through South to West, occur at all times of the year. The Barometer will give certain warning, coupled with the appearance of the sky, clouds, &c.
Typhoons occur between June and October, inclusive. From the mid- dle of August, to the middle of October, they may be expected to occur most frequently.
The usual tracks of these storms on the Japan coasts appear very regular. Approaching from the 8. EH. travelling about N. W. On reaching the
206 H.C. St. John— Winds, typhoons, §e. on S. Coast of Japan. (Dec.
hot stream in about the latitude of the Bonin Islands, or between here and the Foochoo Islands, they begin to curve to the North and following the course of the Kuro Siwo, strike the South coasts of Nipon. Owing chiefly to the high land along the coast, the Northern disk of the storm becomes much flattened in, causing more easterly wind than would occur, if the storm were in Mid Ocean. Retaining the course of the stream, they pass along in a N. Easterly course, and, if not broken up previously, pass out into the Pacific Ocean on reaching Inaboya saki. Occasionally the centre of the storm passes over the Kii Peninsula, doing great damage, less by the wind, than by the floods, caused by the great quantity of rain, which falling on the high mountains, descends with violence the narrow gorges and not being able to escape quickly enough, inundates the mhabited and cultivated valleys, doing im- mense damage and not unfrequently sweeping villages, trees, &c., and most of the soil of the valley clean out to sea.
I have no instance of a typhoon passing to the westward along the coast of Japan. It is always on their recurving to the N. HE. that they are expe- rienced on these coasts.
Occasionally they evidently strike the eastern parts of the South coast of Japan when travelling due north. When such is the case, they appear to break up without extending far inland from the coast line.
The Barometer will almost invariably give warning on the approach of a typhoon. If falling with the wind at East or N. E. the scud approaching low and quickly, or other dirty appearances of the weather, or a heavy swell from the 8. E., anchorage had better be obtained.
By the recurving of these storms and in their then easterly course along the 8. HE. coasts of Japan, usually (as previously remarked) the centre of the storm is some distance off the coast, and the northern disk only touches the land, consequently by the shifting of the wind from HE. through N. to W. as the body of the storm travels E., the coast line becomes a weather shore, and if hove to on Port tack (the proper tack for the left hand disk of a cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere), a vessel is heading off the land.
It is thus shewn that there is no danger in being close to the land, but rather the advantage of smooth water is obtained. I would, however, always recommend a vessel to anchor in one of the numerous excellent harbours along the south coast of Nipon. This must be done on the first indications of the approach of a storm, as the weather soon becomes thick and the shore ob- scured. I am aware that many masters of vessels do not like anchoring when making a passage, I believe, in consequence of their owners looking on it in a light unfavourable to the masters. As a general rule, it must hold good, but it would be far more to their pecuniary advantage, if masters in charge of their ships and cargo, were not only encouraged but obliged, if possible, to make for a snug and safe harbour on the approach of a cyclone, and particularly on these coasts where harbours are numerous and good.
Ye 2.
ep ee es ee Pe
1872.] Rajendralala Mitra—On spirituous Drinks in Ancient India. 207
The expense from wear and tear and damage of cargo, and chance of loss, ships experience during the passage of a typhoon, is better to be avoided than experienced. :
If a vessel finds herself on the Southern side of the centre of the storm, when on its easterly track, she will of course have the wind from South, shifting through W. to North, and must heave to on Starboard tack.
I am only speaking of typhoons on the S. E. coasts of Japan and only after they have recurved to the N. Hastward.
The diameters of these storms vary immensely. That they are usually of little height above the surface I have no doubt. I believe their thickness is more frequently less, than over, a mile. I have observed in a sudden break or rent in the thick mass of clouds which invariably accompanies them, the sky clear, blue and bright, the sun shining, and white touches of cumulus sprinkled across the sun’s rays. These glimpses are almost mo- mentary, and again the thick mass of driving clouds shut the bright spot out.
From numerous observations and notes I have been led to conclude that the China and Japan typhoons are never the same. In other words that those storms which sweep up the Northern coast of China between the Lats. of 25° and 35° approach from the 8. EH. as do the Japan storms, but instead of curving up with the Kuro-siwo, cross it and holding on in a N. Westerly direction, come in contact with the China coasts.
During the occurrence of such a storm on this part of the China coast, dirty squally weather with more or less rain will be probably experienced on the Western coast of Japan, or between Chickakoff and the Korea Straits. The wind will probably be from the S. E.
4 I believe that it may not be unusual to find yourself suddenly overtaken by a cyclone, which has given little or perhaps zo warning. These I believe to be descending cyclones, if so, it may also account for the first half of the storm disk frequently lasting longer than the last. This circumstance I have more than once distinctly observed.
The usual rate that the body of the Japan cyclones travel at, is about
twerty miles an hour.
2. Notes on some species of Rhinolophide.—By G. E. Dozgson, B. A. M. B.
8. Ornithological Notes.—By W. E. Brooks, Esq., C. E.
These papers are published in Part II. No. 4, of the Journal.
4. On Spirituous Drinks in Ancient India.— By Bast RAJENDRALALA Mirra.
(Abstract.)
The author starts with the proposition that neither the anathema of
sages and moralists, nor the deductions of science have ever sufficed to sup-
208 G. E. Dobson—Wotes on some N. W. Himalayan Bats. —[Dze.
press the natural craving in man for spirituous drinks ; and to illustrate this, he recapitulates the various anathemas which have been hurled against drinking in the Hindu Sastras from time to time, and then quotes a num- ber of instances to show that drinking prevailed to a large extent among the Brahmanical races in former ages. The instances are taken from the Vedas, the Sutras, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and other standard works. They are followed by an account of the various kinds of spirits which were known to the ancient Hindus, and the modes in which they were prepared. The nature and physiological effect of the Soma beverage are next described, and the paper is brought to a conclusion with an account of the Sawtramant rite in which libations of country arrack were formerly offered to the gods.
5. Notes on some bats collected by Captain W. G. Murray, in the North- Western Himalaya, with description of new species,—by G. EK. Dosson, B. A., M. B., Assistant Surgeon, H. M.’s British Forces.
While on a tour last summer in the north-western Himalaya, Captain Murray very: kindly collected for me some specimens of the bats inhabiting that region. I find these specimens to represent three species of which one— a Vespertilio—has not been before described, and one is a well-known Euro- pean Rhinolophine bat.
1. Lhinolophus ferrwm-equinum, Schreber. Rhinolophus tragatus; Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. iv, p. 699.
An adult female specimen agreeing in all respects with specimens of Rh. ferrwm-equinum from Europe. I have compared the original specimens of Rh. tragatus sent from Nipal by Mr. Hodgson, and find them in no re- spect different from the European Rh. ferrwm-equinum. The geographical range of this species is, therefore, very wide. Other species of bats also extend from Hurope to the Himalaya, and specimens from England and Nipal are either identical, or, should they be found to differ in any respect, differ only in the colour of the fur, a very unimportant character in distin- guishing the species of Chiroptera. Among these species, the most common
are Barbastellus communis ; Plecotus auritus; Vespertilio mystacinus ; Ves- pertilio murinus ; Vesperus serotinus ; and Vesperugo noctula. I have late- |
ly compared European specimens of the last named species with a specimen
brought from Darjeeling by Dr. Stoliczka, and find no difference of any im- |
portance.
vation of about 3000 feet, at Chudri in the native state of Chamba. 2. Megaderma lyra, Geoffroy. Megaderma spectrum, Wagner, in Hiigel’s Kashmir, p. 569. Megaderma schistacea, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., xvi. p. 889, *
i ti ee ee —
The specimen here referred to was taken by Captain Murray at an ele- |
1872.] G. E. Dobson—Notes on some N. W. Himalayan Bats. 209
One of the most generally distributed species of bats in India. It ex- tends from the foot of the Himalaya to the Western Ghats, and from the Panjab to Ceylon. Hitherto, as far as I can ascertain, it has not been found beyond the limits of India.
There is now not the least doubt as to the identity of IZ. spectrum, Wagner, and IM. schistacea, Hodgs. with this species.
The specimen here referred to was taken at Sujanpur Jira in the Kan- gra District, at an elevation of about 900 feet.
3. Vespertilio macropus, n. sp.
Head long, and very slightly elevated; muzzle narrow and pointed, with projecting nostrils opening sublaterally with an intervening emargina- tion. 'The shape of the head and muzzle is similar to that of V. (Keriwoula) Hardwickii. Ears narrow, tapering, with rounded off tips; immediately beneath the tip about half the outer margin is hollowed out, the remaining lower half convex. 'Tragus very long and slender, slightly tapering towards the tip which is rounded off.
Wings from the ankles. Feet very large, about one-fourth the length of the head and body: toes more than half the length of the whole foot, claws remarkably long and strong: the outer toe* is considerably shorter than the others, and has a somewhat larger claw.
Dentition.— in. 2=’. i=! 3—3 3-3 : DIG , eI. awit A m. o? 1-1’ P 3-3 } 3—3°
The first and second upper premolars are very small, and not distin- guishable without the aid of a lens.
This species is closely allied to V. macrodactylus, Temminck, from Ja- pan, from which it is distinguished by measurement, and by the shape of the ears. ,
With V. dasycneme, V. macrodactylus, and V. Hasseltii, it forms a sec- tion of the genus Vespertilio distinguished by the remarkably large size of the feet which are quite free from the wing-membrane, and by the very small first and second premolars of the upper jaw.
Length, head and body 1°7 inches ; tail 15; ear,0°6 ; tragus 0°83 ; fore- arm 1:45; thumb 0°38; 2nd finger 2°3 ; 4th finger 1'8; tibia 0°6; foot and
claws (not measured along the convexity) 0-4. q The specimens from which the above description was taken were obtain- ed by Captain Murray in the caves of Bhima Devi, in Kashmir, at an elevation of about 6000 feet.
The following description of a new species of Murina has been founded on some specimens of a bat, preserved in spirits, in the Indian Museum, of
* Corresponding, as Mr. Tomes has already remarked, to the inner toe in all
other mammals, but external in bats owing to the rotation outwards of the whole posterior extremity by the wing-membrane.
210 G. E. Dobson—Notes on some N. W. Himalayan Bats. [Dec.
which the first was sent from Darjeeling by Major Sherwill in 1853, and appears in Blyth’s Catalogue as Murina suillus,Temm. Having lately ob- tained by exchange, from Dr. W. Peters of Berlin, a specimen of Jfurina swillus, Temminck, which had been compared with the type specimens, I was enabled to perceive that Major Sherwill’s specimen which had been labelled M. suillus, Temm. was not correctly so named, and, further, that it differed as much from JZ, swillws, a Javanese species, as from the only other member of the genus, JZ: grisea, Hutton, from the N. W. Himalaya, lately described by Dr. Peters.*
4. Murina cyclotis, n. sp.
Muzzle and nostrils as in JZ. swillus. The ears are nearly as wide as long, and almost quite circular, the only interruption to the regular convexi- ty of the external margin being a very faint flattening of the upper and outer portion, and a slight convexity opposite the base of the tragus. The tragus is shaped like that of AZ. swellus, but is considerably longer and tapers to a much finer point.
Wings attached along the outer toe as far as the base of the claw; feet small, toes of nearly equal length ; extreme tip of tail alone free.
The upper surface of the interfemoral membrane is covered with hair which is most dense at the root of the tail, along the tibia, and on the cal- canea ; it also extends across the tibia to the wing-membrane. The back of the feet are closely covered with hair, which exceeds the toes in length.
On the upper surface the fur is bicolored, dark brown at the base with bright ferruginous tips ; beneath paler brown throughout.
The wing-membrane extends further outwards and backwards along the outer toe than in JZ. swillus, occupying its entire outer side, the terminat- ing claw being alone free. ‘This distinguishes the species at once from JL grisea in which the wing-membrane extends only as far as the base of the first phalanx of the toe.
The first and second premolars in the upper jaw are well developed, and nearly equal in size, the first being slightly smaller than the second. The last molar is very narrow, being less than half the antero-posterior diameter of the antepenultimate molar. |
Length, head and body, 1°7 inch ; tail 1:5 ; ear (anteriorly) 0°6 ; tragus | 0°35; forearm 1:3; 2nd finger 2-4; 4th finger 2-0; thumb 0°35; tibia0’65. |
Besides the original specimen sent, by Major Sherwill others have since been received by the Museum from Captain Elwes, Dr. Stoliczka, and Mr. Mandeli, but all have been obtained at Darjeeling.
* Monatsberichte, Berlin Akademie, April, 1872, p. 258,
1872. | Library. 211
LIBRARY.
- The following additions have been made to the Library, since the meet- ing held in November last.
Presentations.
*.* Names of Donors in Capitals.
Monatsberichte, Mai, Juni, 1872.— K@nighicor PREUSSISCHE AKADE- MIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN ZU BERLIN.
Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Math.- Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, Band LXIV, Hefte I-V, I and II. Abtheilung.
Denkschriften, Math.-Natur. Classe, Band XXXI.—Sitzungsberichte, Philosophisch-Historische Classe, Band LXVIII, Heft II-IV, Band LXIX, Heft I-11.
Fontes Rerum Austriacarum (Oesterreichische Geschichts Quellen), Band XXXV.—TueE ImprrtAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, VIENNA.
Zeitschrift, Band XX VI, Heft I, 11.—Tue German OrtentTaL Soctre- ty oF LEIPzic.
Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de Cherbourg, Tome XVI.—Socte’tr’ DES ScrencES NATURELLES DE CHERBOURG.
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Pts. I to III, 1871.—Acapremy oF Natura SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.
Illustrated Catalogue ofthe Museum of Comparative Zoology,Nos. 4:to6.— Museum oF CoMPARATIVE ZooLoay aT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, U. S.
Application of Photography to Illustrations of Natural History. With two figures printed by the Albert-type and Woodbury Processes.—By A. Agassizi—THE AUTHOR.
Notes on the Raptorial Birds ofIndia, Pt. 1'V.—ByA. Anderson, F. Z.S.— THe AUTHOR.
Grammar of the Shan Language.—By J. N. Cushing.—Tur Avuruor.
Eighth Annual Report of the Sanitary Commissioner with the Govern- ment of India, 1871.—By J. M. Cunningham, M. D.—Tue Avrnor.
Calcutta Journal of Medicine, July and August, 1872.—Tue Eprror.
Christian Spectator, November and December, 1872.—TuE Eprror.
Professional Papers on Indian Engineering, Vol. I, No. 6.—By Major A. M. Lang.— THE Eprror.
Ramayana, edited by Hem Chandra, Vol. III, No. 2.—Tue Eprror.
Notes on the Harmonic Analysis of Tidal Observations, for the use of the Officers of the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India.—Cor, J. T. Waker, R. E.
De Laét, De Imperio Magni Mogolis, sve India Vera.—E. Gay, Esq.
212 Library.
De Laét, Persia seu Regni Persici Status.—E. Gay, Esq., M. A.
Catalog Codicum Sanscriticorum.—By Th. Aufrecht, A. M.—TuE GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL.
Reports on the Survey Operations connected with the Lushai Expedi- tionary Force, Eastern Frontier, 1871-72.—Tue GOVERNMENT OF BENGAL.
Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. IX, Pt. I1.—Tus SUPERINTENDENT OF THE GEOLOGICAL SurvEY OF INpIA.
Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palzontologia Indica, Vol. IV, Pt. 1—Tne SuPERINTENDENT OF THE GEOLOGICAL SuRVEY OF INDIA.
Records of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. V, Pt. I1I.—-Tur Supsr- INTENDENT OF THE GEOLOGICAL SuRVEY or Inp1a.
Exchange. The Atheneum, for August and September, 1872. | Nature, Nos. 153-156. |
Purchase.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, October 1872.—Revue des Deux Mondes, Ist and 15th October, 1872.—Revue de Zoologie, No. 8, 1872.—Revue Archéologique, No. 9, 1872.—Revue Linguistique, Tome Cinquiéme, I] Fasc.—American Journal of Science, September, 1872.— Comptes Rendus, Nos. 10-15, 1872.—Journal des Savants, August and Sep- tember, 1872.—Indian Antiquary, November, 1872.
LLL LLL EEO
al
5
APPENDIX.
List of Donations (not including Books or other publications and MSS., _ these being acknowledged in the monthly library lists).
[Objects marked with an asterisk have been transferred to the Trustees of the Indian Museum. |
Donors. Attar Sing, Sirdar Bahadur, Bayley, The Hon’ble E. C., C. S. I.
Beverley, H.., sq. Crs. Bowie, Capt. M. M. Carleton, Rev. M. M. Eden, the Hon’ble A., Foster, J. M., Esq.,
Francis, Dr. C. R. Gangaprasad, Munshi,
Haughton, Col. J. C., C. 8. I.
? re)
Hughes, Capt. W. G.
Donations.
.../A silver coin from Udaiptr.
» coin of ’Aléuddin Muhammad Shah, of Dibli.
Four Diamonds, said to have been found in the bed of ahill stream near Simla.
..|Knotted ropes used by the Santals
in taking the Census of 1872.
.. |Copper plate grant in three leaves from
Sambhalpur.
..|Several Bactrian copper coins. ..|A box of copper coins. ..|Eight pieces of tin coins from Tenasse-
rim.
..|Three large and three small Asdém
silver coins. ©
..|*A box of petrified seeds. ..{6 copper and 4 silver coins found in the
Moradabad District.
...|Hleven silver coins of old Bengal kings.
A brass sleeve link bearing an Arabic inscription.
..|Facsimile of a copper plate inscription
found at Karennee.
L’Académie Hongroise des Mines|A Bronze Medal struck in comme-
et Foréts de Schemnitz,
moration of the foundation of the Academy in 1770.
Long, Rev. J. ..1A framed Lithograph representing
Norwegian University, Royal, Peal, S. E., Esq.
Rajendralala Mitra, Babu, The Surveyor General,
Tonnerre, Dr. C. F.
the Races of Russia.
.../*80 specimens of minerals and shells
from Norway.
../*A model illustrating the Nag4 method
of climbing trees, and a celt.
../Three copper seals with inscriptions,
received from Col. Pearse, R. A.
--|T'wo photographs of Lushai Arms and
Utensils.
../*The skin of a Cobra.
: ap ‘a 5 2 ars , i. : « iS sa t ha NORRIS ip 5
SS Konitister i io cay git 4 " w f ena any ae ee
ah. &- 49)
aR
: > Me 2 . My e , L ry si Rieu RNG NV Nar SPE) Se Peeve f
INDEX.
Page
Acanthodactylus Cantoris, re nx 85, 124 Accounts, Annual, 533 a XV African, Manuscript Prayer bak: 69 Agency, change of, ey: 118 Agni Purana, 16 Ahsanullah, CRwaiahy an ordinary aanher 55 Ain-i-Akbari, 17 Airy, (Professor G. B. ), hited an ee Sane Re 69 Akbarnamah, publication of the, sanctioned, be. 56 Alauddin Shah’s tomb at Badaon, Inscription on, 48 Aldis (Mr. J. A.), Withdrawal of, 43 Allan (Col. A. 8.), Note on Father Tieffentaller, 59 Amherst, (Tenasserim), Celts and axe from, a) 4G Anandagiri’s gloss on Sankara, 15 Andaman Birds, 150 Andamanese weapons, 118 Andaman Islands, Pitocnaphe: of, 100 Anderson, (Mr. A.), elected an ordinary member, 95 Anderson, (Dr.), Celts in Western Yunan, AT 5 Report on the Expedition to eater Yunan, 28
Aquila bifasciata, ae 65 » crassipes, 64:
» imperialis, 64:
» Nipalensis, 65
_ Archika, Translation of the, 14 Asam coins, 2 ” Kings, ie 9
» in the 16th ae, Notes on, 62 Asoka pillar at Allahabad, se 61 As'valayana, Grihya Sutra, a as es Ts m S’rauta Sutra, 15 Atkinson, (Mr. E. T.) Kol Tnerptions ve 166 Auditors, Election of, ae ae 20
216 Index.
Ayrton, (Mr. W. E.), on Syphon Recorder, Ayrton, (Mr. W. E.), Resignation of, Ball, (Mr. V.), on birds from the Andamans,
Baghesar, Gond legend of, +3 i 99, 100 Bahmani kings, coins of, baw a 18 5
Baigas of Balaghat, notes on, Banaras ruins, age of, ed Barantptr, Bhagalptr, Archeology of, see Batrachia, Indian, Bats from N. W. Himalaya, Bayley, (Mr. E. C.), Translation from Nike Tarikh i Piriadhaht Beames, (Mr. J.), on the Books in Chand, 30 Rhapsodies of Gambhir Rai, Buddhist ruins in Orisa, ruins of Kopari, Balasore. ; translation of Chand’s 8 Epic, Bod i Berdmorea interlineata, oe vat Beverley, (Mr. H.), re-elected an ordinary member, s on knotted ropes used by the Santals in als the census of 1872, Bhakti marga, Doctrine of, Bhaluah, me Bhitarband Par ani Bhobaneswar, Antiquities of, Bibhotheea Indica, Report on, Bie ee : Bihar, Buddhist remains in, 98, 119 Biographical Dictionary of Persons oe knew Mihara) Bird (Mr. C. P.), elected an ordinary member, Birds, Burmese, » from Andamans, Garo and Katia Tfills, Bisset, (Lieut. W. 8. §8.), elected an ordinary member, Blanford (Mr. W. T.), on Clausiliae, Re Blepharosteres agilis,
mi Grayanus, re Blochmann, (Mr. H.), on inscriptions Ser fy om Major Stubbs, ay on Koch Bihar and Asém, on Kol inscriptions, on a new king of Bengal, ue on Persian inscriptions from Badaon, on Mr. 'Thomas’s readings of rare Bengal coins, on Sambhalhera inscriptions,
: J
a a a i llc
dinaex.
Bombinator Sikkimensis, Bourke, (Mr. W. M.), on the ee of Dinajpur AACR PIONS
ts rubbings of inscriptions from Kalnah,
,Bourne, (Lieut. J. H.), elected an ordinary member, : Bowie, (Capt. M. M.), copper plate inscriptions from Sembhal, OF sis bi AT 77
Brachysaura ornata,
Briggs, (Mr. J. A.), Leena tan of,
Brindaban, Tirthas of,
Broadley, (Mr. A. M.), on Bihér ruins,
Brooks, (Mr. W. E.), elected an ordinary member,
on a new Indian Sylvia,
$5 on the Imperial Eagles of India, v ; on a new Reguloides,
. ornithological notes,
3 on a new Phyllopneuste,
on the Swans of India, Buddhist eee in Orisa,
- Bufo melanostictus,
5, sikkimensis, » viridis, Bungarus ceruleus, Bunker, (Mr.), on Karennee Tasegl pone, Burhait, Tank at, Burma, Celts and stone implements bel, » Race, History of the, Burmese birds, 5 Chiroptera, bs Plants, Butcher, (Dr. W. D.), elected an oullaecas member, Bye-Law 29, Alteration of, Cadell, (Mr. A. C.), Sambhalhera inscriptions, Calluella guttulata, a Callula natatrix, » pulchra, » variegata, Calotes versicolor, er dé Caprimulgus maharattensis, pce ‘od Carleton, (Rev. M. M.), Coins from, es see Cautley (Col. Sir P. T.), Death of, Lie Celt, from Asam, a See » (irish), from Mr. E. C. Bayley, ‘Ke
217 Page 112 142 131
95 17d
118 183 98, 119 95 66
. 37, 64
148
184, 207
4, 63 62
85, 112
112
119, 131
89 138
165
110, 146
109
110, 146
1!
ve) T2onae
121 TL,
218 Index.
Page
Celts from Burma, oo igi vs 46
» 95. Western Yunan, a ue 47
Ceylon, Oriental library in, hia eA bs 57
Chaitanya Chandrodaya, les Sip on 16
Chameleo Ceylonicus, a ae : 81
Chand’s Epic, Book I, Translation of, ae ay 57
Chand, list of books in, iss ms dle, eas
Chandeswar, Monolith at, oP 31
Chard (Rev. C. H.), elected an or ee member, ... . 204
Chaturvarga, Chintamani, she me ahs 16
Cheduba, gold coins from, ar wy as 3
Chiquera typus, “ht ne su 70
Clausiliae, Monograph of, ee 37, 156
Chittagong, inscribed stone and copper boxes from, jee! gee
Clutterbuck, (Capt. F. St. Quintin), elected an ordinary member, ... 140 Coates (Dr. J. M.,) on Santali, Kol, Rajmahalli, and other languages, 37) Og Collis, (Dr. J. P.), on the term Gaurian, _... ‘at ie Coin Cabinet, Report on, an ww ) 22
» from Arakan, Ror as 3) 58
» Of Plato the [lustrious, ae mee 34
3 Mr. Thomas on, ae mere (if
ins, Dakhin and Bengal from Col. Hyde, st ons ugeaeales
» trom Rev. M. M. Carleton, ep ae onde pally
» gold from Cheduba, Memorandum on, oa ae 3
» Of Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah, ae 69
» of Ghiasuddin Bahadur Shah, from iia mint, ae 69
» of Shamshuddin Abul Muzaffar [ly4s Shah, ies aye 69
» rare Bengal, readings of by Mr. E. Thomas, ... prem e515
' 55 remarks on by Mr. Blochmann, woe) aOR
5, - silver, of Chitrakuta from Udaipur, a 55
A » from Muradabad District, yy: ha LS
Tin, from Tennasserim, +e 95
Ooiein (Mr. A.), Translations from Térikh-i-Firuz Shahi, Ay: 37
Cole, (Mr. R.), on Inam grants found in the Malnad, ibe ae
Committees, Election of, a 44
Couch, (the Hon’ble Sir R.), mission of, as Vice- Padent. va 56
Council, Election of, Pre 20
Court, (Capt. M. H.), elected an ordinary ebe res oF i 95
Cyclophorus malayanus, oi oo DO
Cygnus ferus, eee eee eee o eee 64 ) olor, ees vee eee eee 64
Index. 219
Page
Cynonycteris amplexicaudatus, Poy TOA Cyprinide, Monograph of Indian, as Hs ve 70 Dalton’s Ethnology of Bengal, 28, 143 ‘Darwin, (Mr. C.), an Honorary member, ie ae 8 Dasarupa, 16 Davids, (Mr. T. Rhys), on Gaanices of 8. italia by Parakrama Bahu, 131 Day, (Surgeon Major F.), on Erethistes and Hara, eee, 3 is on Indian Cyprinide, ie ey
P 5, on Kachh fish, fd Michie 955,
> Reptiles collected by, we 85
Beds épar, mela held at, in June, in honor of Todar Mall, te 35 Dead fish in Indian Ocean, shoal of, ad Me ae 43 Dejoux, (Mr. P.), elected an ordinary member, wfct 140 Delmerick, (Mx. J.), on Coin of Plato, tes Mot oA Dhaka, old seals of E. I. Company found at, > eh Dinka Po - Diamonds found near Simla, ‘ vat © 249s Dinajpur Inscriptions, Localities of, oe uae erubeny Diplopelma Berdmorei, te 109, 147 is Carnaticum, “te res SRO pulchrum, ated | Dobson, (Dr. G. E.), on Burmese Chimps ee vee HOES . on new Rhinolophide, a 184, 207
23 on Osteology of 'Triznops Persicus, ane UNS 50
on T'aphozous, gee aed 5.8 Drymoipus Jerdoni, ms Moe) CCESE Durrant, (Dr.), African M. 8. prayer Weak from, un 69 Echis carinata, £2. sey 72, 84, 89 Eden, (The Hon. A.), Coins from, nA 95 Kelipse, (Total) 1871, Photographs of, ic ae 46 Engystoma interlineata, see a5: 144: Enhydrina Valakadyen, er bor 3 91 Eremias argus, : Af oe. ae 87 i Watsonana, ft 86, 125 Erethistes pusillus, re ee Erinaceus albulus, A eo) eZee * pictus, af eae “sh dus eee Eublepharus macularius, gers BA 87 Eumeces teeniolatus, S4 ... 75, 88 Euprepes carinatus, a “Et 75 - macularius, ee set ae 75
5 monticola,
220 Index.
Eryx Johnii, Falco babylonicus, Farhang i Rashidi, Fath i Asham, Tarikh i, Ferrar, (Mr. M. L.), on Todar Mall, ‘3 Resignation of,
Pieats, (Capt. A. J.), Election of, Cancelled, Finance Committee, Election of members of the, Finances, Society’s Report on, Firtizabad, Mint of, Fish from Kachh, Forbes, (Major J. G.), elected an onda aaealen Foster, (Mr. J. M.), Notes on Ghargaon, Asam, Fringillaria striolata, Fryer, (Capt. G. E.), on an Alisa. “sing
Fe on Burmese Celts, Galvanometer, Differential, least resistance of coils of, Gambhir Rai, the Bard of Nurptir, Rhapsodies of, Ganga Prasad, (Munshi,) on silver coins from Murddabad, Gangaramapur inscription, Garuda, Figure of, 5 Gastrell, (Col. J. E.), elected Dreositer and ene a Gaurian, on the term, Gazella, Bennett,
» Christi,
Gecko guttatus, Ghargaon, Asam, Notes on, Gobhiliya, Grihya Sutra. Godwin-Austen (Major H. H.), on Garo birds, Gond legend of Baghesar, Gongylophis conicus, Gopatha, Brahmana, Gordon, (Mr. C. P.), elected an ordinary penten Gotama, Aphorisms of, Graham, (Major. J. M.), Resignation of, Growse, (Mr, F. S.), on Brindaban tirthas, Gymnodactylus caspius,
‘5 kachhensis,
ss triedrus, Gymnops microlepis,
- meizolepis,
eee ce 69
98, 177
126
oa 72, 79
ae 72 72, 74, 124 124,
= =.
Index. 221
Page
Halys himalayanus, 130 Hara Buchanani, a 123 Haughton, (Col. J. C.), Coins from, 69 Heilgers, (Mr. W.), elected an ordinary member, 69 Helix similaris, ae at cas 150 Hemidactylus Coctzi 79, 88, 126 ie Kotchyi, 72
# Leschenaulti, ie 49
7: maculatus, 125 40, 126
. scaber, 72 Herpestes griseus, 121 Herschel, (Sir J. F. W.), Death of, 8, 23 Hierococeyx strenuus, ae Hinulia indica, 144: » maculata, 144: Heernle, (Dr. A. F. R.), elected an ptdiatan, member, 204: zt =” on Hindi inflexions, aa 98
: on the term Gaurian, ? 177
Eitecribe, (Lieut. W. A.), elected an ordinary sdemhar’ 171 Holmbée, (Professor), Notes on traces of Buddhism in Norway, 184: Horne, (Mr. C.), Banaras and Jaunpur ruins, : seis 57 Hughes, (Capt. W. G.), Karennee Inscription, 138 Hume, (Mr. A. O.), on new Burmese birds, wh 70 Huxley, (Professor T.), proposed as an Honorary member, 70 elected an Honorary member, 95
eae, (Col. H.), Coins from, 118 F, iF elected a member of Hiwanic Committee, , 70 Hydrophis curtus, .. 85, 91 - Dayanus, 89 Hylarana erythryza, 104 x macrodactyla, 104:
5 Malabarica, 105
se monticola, 105
3. pipiens, 106 Tytler, Fe a3 105
Bipetson (Mr. D. C. J.), elected an ordinary member, 204: Ibrahim Sikandar Lodi, of Kol. N. W. P., 167 India, South, conquest of, by Pardékrama Bahu of Ceylon, 131 Indian Cyprinide, 70 Inscriptions, Arabic and Persian aa Diné’ , pur, Badson and Dhaké, 98 - from Banka Bhagélpur, 198
222 Index.
Inscriptions, from Dihli,
' from Jogada Naugam, Ganjam iste ict, - from Kalnah and Dinajpur,
; from Kol, near ’Aligarh, N. W. P.
% from Patna, Sambhalptr,
< from Sambhalhera, N. W. P. ee % from Shah Nafah’s Durgah at Munger,
i on a Maistr sword,
a on an Audh gun,
n on a stone found in the Sandon District, Ar ican 3 on Iném grants found in the Malnad,
a on seals from Col. G. Pearse, R. A.,
3 Persian, from Badaon,
iashlator and joint detector, Ixalus cinerascens, Jagat Singh, Raja, Jahanira, Princess, tomb of, Jaimini, Aphorisms of, Janamejiya, Deva, ie grants by, Jaunpur ruins, age of, Journal, Report on, Kachh, Geographical Distribution of ‘atenele' in, 5 teptilian and amphibian fauna of, Kai Kaéis, inscription from Gangarampur, Dinajpur, Kamandakiya, Nitisara, Kamrup, Kanada, Aphorisms of, Kapila, Aphorisms of, Karibari Parganah, Kashinath, (Babu), on Todar Mall, Kashmiri Vocabulary, Khandagiri, Antiquities at, Koch Bihar, Koch Hajo, and Asém, Notes on, Kopari, Balasore, Ruins at, Kurz, (Mr. 8.), on Burmese plants, Lahurpur, Audh, Lakhnauti Mint, Coins of, Lalita Vistara, or life of Sakya, Landshells, Burmese and Arakanese, “ of Penang,
193, 198 140, 165
Index.
Latu, Latyaina Kalpa Sutra, ‘Leitner, (Dr. G. W.), withdrawal ae
Library, Additions to the, 4, 11, 87, 52, 67, 93, 118, 183, 162, 187, 211
223
Page 62 15 43
Lightning fall at Landour, 139 ss ss Morar, 170 Lithofaleo Asalon, 70 os Fieldeni, 70 Lobb, (Mr. S.), Resignation of, 172 Lushai country, Photographs of the, 97 Maasir i’ Alame iri, i7 Mabouia tzeniolata, 75 Macleod-Innes, (Lieut.-Col. J. J.), Re aarion of, is Macnamara, (Dr. F. N.), Resignation of, 118 Macroglossus spelzeus, 154 Madhavacharya, 16 Mahabharat, Manuscript of, By Mahimachandra Chakravarti, (Babu), meets an ordinary oiubene 69 Malnad, Inscribed copper Inaém grants found in, 193 Man, (Mr. E. H.), elected an ordinary member, 171 Mau, Fortress of, Das 157 Manirém, Kavi, 157 Markandeya Purana, 16 Markby, (The Hon. W.), Resenatiea of 70 Martin, (Mr. J. W. B.), on Barantpur ruins, 175 Mayo, (H. E., The Earl of), Assassination of, 46 Meeting, ae. 7 . Monthly, recess in Sepreniice oa October, 34: Megaderma lyra, 208 “A shistacea, 208
3 spectrum, 208 Megalomastoma sectilabrum, 150 Megalophrys guttulata, 143 -Melizophilus provincialis, 66 " striatus, 66 Members, Deaths of, ine: io 8, 22 . election of, ... 3, 33, 43, 56, 69, 95, 117, 140, 171, 204:
fe List of, 1 Mergui, Celts from, 46 Mesalina Watsonana, 86 Micropternus barmanicus, ce
224 Index.
Mimansi, Philosophy, Minto, (Mr. W.), elected an ordinary miemban Monolith at Chandeswar, Muhummad Husain, Khalifah Sayyid, “Withdr awal of, 2 » Maulavi, on Todar Mall,
Munger, Shah Nafah’s Dargah at, Murina cyclotis,
» suillus, Museum, Report on, Nacir-bin Khusrau, Water works at i. er adabioty Naga dress, &e.
» mode of climbing trees, » villages,
Naishada of Sriharsa, Naja tripudians, Narada pancharatra, Nawakhali, Nazirah, Asim, Nephrops Norvegicus, Nephropsis Stewarti, Newall, (Col. D. F. J.), Withdrawal of, Niranjan Mukerji, (Babu), elected an ordinary riot, Norman, (The Hon. J. P.), Death of, Northbrook, (Lord), Patron of the Society, Norway minerals, bee
. traces of Buddhism in, Nurptr, Fortress of, Nyaya Philosophy, Nycticejus lutens, O’Brien (Mr. E.), an ordinary me bee Oldham, (Dr. W.), Resignation of, Officers, Election of,
» Report on, Ophiops Jerdonu, Orissa, Antiquities of, Oxyglossus lima, : Parakrama Bahu, of Ceylon, Conic uebe of S. India by Parus nuchalis, ' a eS Patgaon, Pathan, Fortress of, Paul (Mr. A. W.), on a om box from CiWasontec 8
Page 15 33 31 43 36
132
209, 210
210 8 56 49 153 137
8, 22 118, 140 55
184
157
15
156
204:
Index.
Peal, (Mr. S. E.), on Naga dress and manners, ... We Pearse, (Col. G.), Ancient Seals, oy
Pelamis platurus,
. Penang, Land shells of, ie
P’hani River, Or ee Phasmidz, Notes on,
Phayre, (Col. Sir A.), ioearendum on artic coins from Chhedatbe, ds
Phyllorhina bicolor, r fulva, 3 larvata, Phylloscopus tristis, Picnic in Ancient India, Picus analis, : » Blanfordi, » Maharattensis, » aay » pectoralis, Pimelodus Hara, Pipistrellus leucotis, Plato, coin of, ie Polypedates biscutiger, maculatus, - marmoratus, Pranandth Pundit, (Babu), Miyeted an pa i aiariion Pratapachandra Ghosha, Note on Asim Coins, on Sambhalptr Inscription, sd on the Sandoway Inscription, Pratincola macroryhyncha, aae Pratt, (The Ven. Archdeacon, J. H.), Death of, Presentations received, ee soe President’s Address, ae sie Prinia rufescens, eae nee Vere Psammophis condanurus, ue rae 5 Leithu, ma soe wwe Psammosaurus scincus, bie aa Ptionoprogne rupestris, Parniah, Pyxicephalus breviceps, Rajapur, Audh, founded by edit Mall, . Rajendralala Mitra, (Babu) on Beef in ancient Fades on Col. Pearse’s Seals, on Indm grants from the Mainad:
9
9
225
Page
.. 49, 135
140, 165 92 150 62 151 3 155 155 155 121 184: rgl 121 121 ti 122 note 121
34, 174 107
226 Index.
Page
Rajendraldla Mitra (Babu,) on inscriptions from Banka, Bhdgalptir,... 198 a ; on Picnic in ancient India,... 184
‘ = on spirituous drinks in ancient India, .... 207
“e on the term Gaurian, 98, 177
Réjshall, Petrified seeds from, 1 Ran of Kachh, (The), 3 i ret Rana cyanophlyctis, ... an swe 72, 85, 102, 180 » Gammil, - 103
» Kuhl, 145
» Liebigil, a > AOS
» lymnocharis, 20280) LOZ
»y sikkimensis, oon Lees
» tigrina, 11780, LOZ vicina, : 130
Rash Bihari Bose, (Babu) inscriptions from Binks Bhigalpt 198 Reguloides castaneiceps, 149 4 erochroa, 149
: maculipennis, 149
y proregulus, | 148
‘. subviridis, 148
i superciliosus, 148
a viridipennis, 150 Regulus cristatus, 149 Report, Annual, for 1871, 7 Reptiles, of Sind, 85 Rhacophorus maximus, we 108 Rhinolophidae, Dr. G. E. Dobson on, 207 Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum, 208 m4 pusillus, 155
‘. tragatus, 208 Richards, (Dr..V.), elected an saan y <yanahen 55 Riopa cyanella, 7 144 » lineolata, 144 Sandilya, Aphorisms of, 16 Sandoway, (Arracan), Celts from, _ 4G » --- inscriptions, 58 Sabit Khan, 167 Sabitya Darpana, Bs 16 Sambhalpur inscription, 171 Samuells, (Capt. W. L.), on Lagokel of Beckie 100
Sanhitas,
Index. Sankaradigvijaya, a ee Sankara’s, Commentary on Vyasa Sutras, Sankara Misra’s Commentary on Kanada, oe Sankhya Philosophy, oe Sanscrit MSS. added to the Library, 2 Conservation of, Report on,
Santals, knotted ropes used by, for taking the census of 1872,
Santa-Madhava, Figure of, =. oe Sarvadarsana Sangraha, Sashagiri Sastri (M.), elected an ordinary reeabe 28
Satkhira, Bengal, Whirlwind at, ae Saunders, (Mr. C. B.), Resignation of, ve Savara Sv4mi, Commentaries of, aE Saxicola atrogularis, ve ve » desert, oe ure 3 Kang, Schwendler, (Mr. L.), on Differential RS Ie, i, new joint detector, oe Seals, from Col. Pearse, sve me oven bb. C. frou: Dhaka,. « ee Shihabuddin’s Fathiyah i Ibriyah, oe Shircore, (Dr. S. M.), Resignation of, Ar Siddhanta Sirromani, ay ae Silhat, ae oe a Simotes cruentatus, AE
Sitana ponticeriana, Skrefsrud, (Rev. L. O.), atected an ordinary ei ana:
Smith, (Mr. J.), Resignation of, ar Societies, List of interchanging publications, ar Somanatyssa, D. S., Galle, Letter from, we Sphenocephalus tridactylus, oe Spirituous drinks in ancient India, .. “ Stellio Agrorensis, SE oe
» melanurus, se
» tuberculatus, Stephen, (Mr. C.), elected an ordinary niaabee St John, (Commander, H. C.), on Japan Typhoons,
Stoliczka, (Dr. F.), on Burmese and Arrakanese Land Shells,
y on Burmese reptiles, ve as on Clausiliz, te “ on Indian Batrachia, es
192
140 121 121 121
92
140, 165
172 62 172 16
228 Index.
| Page Stoliczka, (Dr. F.), on Kachh fauna, ad ss 100 7 on Penang Land Shells, “ee aie sey ts on Punjab reptiles, eo» 124 > on Reptilian and Amphibian fauna of Reeshh: rie 71 on Sind Reptiles, oe ve 85 Strobe, Rather Andreas, ee a Pe 59 Stubbs, (Major F, W.), inscriptions from, oe ». 168 Subscriptions, &c. written off, oe ee 7 45 Sunnirgaon Mint, Coins of, “r i 69 Stitras Vyasa, oe oe ve ve 15 Stirya Siddhanta, a5 LF o> 16 Swetenham, (Capt. C.), elected an ordinary member, o> 9 Bue Sylvia, Indian, a new, ae a5 a oh 66 Tandya Brahman, oe as os 14 Taphozous bicolor, as e ota os 151 - kachhensis, An ee 121, 152 = longimanus, oe ee cm se doe ‘s melanopogon, oe ee ia Dine chao 2 saccolaimus, ar e nig’y ELE xz senegalensis, oe oe oc, olds Theobaldi, o° o> oe 152 Tarsgarh, Fortress of, % i os. ee Tattooing among the Nagas, = AS 137 Tavoy, Celts from, An ~. 46, 47 Tennant (Lt. Col. J. F.), withdrawal of, 7 0: Theobald, (Mr. W.), on the Land shells of Burmah and reas Re 156 © Thomas, (Mr. E.), on Coin of Plato, F . 174 . readings of rare Bengal coins, ., » 199 oe Tieffontaller, Father, Notes on, an %y Me 59 9 | Tiliqua macularia, i Ay, ne 15 » earinata, ve . ve ve 75 Trapelus megalonyx, . oe se 88 Treasurer, Election of, aA a 20 Trevor, (Major W. S.), elected an onaers member, ae 117 Triznops Persicus, ee Ar a 50 Tropidonotus platyceps, we ie ce Sone Trustees to the Indian Museum, Election of, a3 > Dow T'odar Mall, Notes on, Ae a4 ,.00, 141 Typhlops siamensis, a a4 5 o's |. en » burmanus, ve ve : 144
» braminus, Ae oe ar
Index. 229
Page
Typhoons on South Coast of Japan, ts ee 205 Uromastix Hardwickii, 22 Re 72, 81, 88 Vaisshika Philosophy, es ee oe ne 15 Varanus arenarius, oP a ay ae 73 i ,, .dracwna, a SY Pic vip 73 » griseus, a a me re 73
) ornatus, ne’ oe ee se 73 scincus, ie “6 as oy OO Masavadatts, oe of ee ae 16 Vedanta Philosophy, ee ey oe Se 15 Vespertilio abramus, oe ae ie 156 . coromandelicus, ~~ =e sae WW EOS
2 lobatus, ¢ ee a«, 7) OG
a macropus, .. ae es e209 Vesperugo imbricatus, an ee oe aloe Vipina Bihari Mukerji, (Babu), elected an avila member, (ak. (ogee Vrihat Sanhitd, ane ae 16 Waterhouse, (Capt. J.), leaked: a member of Council es 70 ‘ appointed General Secretary, ve 96
eeitiiacatt (Mr. E. V.), Inscriptions from, Se 55 98 Whalley, (Mr. P.), elected an ordinary member, ee os 55 3 Translation of the reign of Mw izzuddin, oe 4:
millon, (Mr. W. G.), on whirlwind at Satkhira, oe ar 96 Winds on South Coast of Japan, ee oe «>» 205 Wood-Mason, (Mr. J.) on Nephropsis Stewarti, ax! ep eel . on new Phasmide, e oa Oeeore.
Byyat, (Mr. ), on a shoal of dead fish in the Indian Ocean, Ae 43 Xenophrys monticola, oe oe os 104 Yoga, Aphorisms of, a Ae ae oe 15 Zamenis diadema, ae ee a 72 » persicus, oe oe ee en ee
» ventrimaculatus, ae 82, 89, 180 Ziduddin of Luhari (Nawab), see of cancelled, a 43 Zootoca chalybdea, ne cP 87 note
am oa o | <2 ahaa ; “ a 7 , o waraaage , mate ane spate ‘ou ) Bis Ca Holset neue shy Host 136 ie ih NS TAL. een ap dee a8 Fl) sii nh |
he
@
Pr ue i
rete +e ee
. 1% Ff
- fi is frais 474)
rr
Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations q taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutia,
in the mouth of January 1872. Latitude 22° 33’ 1” North. Longitude 88° 20’ 34” Hast.
; Height of the Cistern of the Standard Barometer above the sea level, 18.11 feet. Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hy grometrical elements dependent thereon.
/
Date.
ey os 8 _ | Range of the Barometer = a Range of the Tempera- ae during the day. FA +3 ture during the day. eb Es bg © 2 rr HB ae | go | Max. | Min. | Dif. | 23 ae Max. | Min. | Diff Wy 2 8 = H ej Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. Ce) ies Bee 1 30.051 | 30.120 | 30.001 0.119 70.9 81.0 62.2 | 18.8 2 057 ee | 20.982 147 72.4 80.7 65.8 | 14.9 3 024, 110 947 163 72.5 80.4, 66.4 | 14.0 4, 29.961 037 902 135 73.2 82.0 64.5 | 17.5 5 983 059 934 125 73.5 81.0 69.4 | 11.6 6 .998 O82 .940 142 70.8 77.8 63.6 | 14.2 x4 AB. 089 .899 .160 68.3 75.5 61.5 | 14.0 8 884 | 29.953 796 157 66.8 75.5 62.0 | 13.5 9 953 | 30.056 881 ha: | 63-7 70.5 58.0 | 12.5 10 | 30.067 .150 | 30.018 135 61.7 69.0 55.0 | 14.0 e Al .Q22 .100 | 29.959 41 62.3 71.8 54.6 | 17.2 ® 12 0351 102 292 110 64.3 74.2 56.4 |°17.8 13 026 103 .978 125 66.3 78.6 56.8 | 21.8 S14 O24 094; 984 110 67.6 77.5 58.8 | 18.7 15 O44 116 Oo7 119 66.7 78.0 57.5 | 20.5 16 055. 139 996 143 66.4 77.6 56.4 | 21.2 17 030 124 957 ahi, 67.0 77.5 OS-a, | oe 18 .028 .120 .968 152 70.1 78.0 64.0 | 14.0 19 JLOL 198 | 30.032 166 67.7 75.9 60.5 | 15.4 y 20 110 Ast O44 147 64.7 73.5 56.8 | 16.7 gl .068 154 008 149 65.8 76.8 56.5 | 20.3 m (22 29.998 .082°| 29.918 164 68.2 78.0 GLO | 17.0 «6-23 .982 .063 Mail 132 70.3 81.0 60.8 | 20.2 » 24 is 994 .O80 .940 140 71.4 80.7 64.5 | 16.2 25 .999 059 953 106 71.3 82.3 62.8 | 19.5 26 30.020 .097 .968 4129 71.2 76.8 65.0 | 11.8 ra 029 124 .966 158 72.0 78.6 67.4: | 21a 28 O47 118 992 126 Ping 78.0 65.6 | 12.4 p29 .078 .160 | 30.019 LAL 71.6 79.0 65.0 | 14.0 — 30 065 137 006 ASL (her 79.5 64.5 | 15.0 31 045 19 1 20°896 Beal 72.5 80.5 65.2 | 15.8
The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the _ several hours during the day. °
il Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, tn the month of January 1872.
Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued.)
al “ 43 48 = S SH | Of = 5 ae = = A © ao | eat lgee = ) = ° Sey 42 ee hs q bb Oy o Se ley +5 2 5 E Ss a apie i Se |°,2 op Date.| F .. "3s = ig 3 ‘m2 | ho |e as ss | 4 | #14, | ds | BE | dee Bee Pe get #. | aa Be) Bod eee Sq bs a bay gs as [Ss |aae o & f, Pap o > pec geo lou gy = A s) A = = me P| = 0 ) Oo 0 Tnches.}: Tiger. }. Teg 1 65.6 5.3 61.4 9.5 | 0.548 6.02 2.21 0.73 2 67.7 4.7 63°9 8.5 595 51 09 76 3 68.2 4.3 64.8 Jer .613 72 1.91 78 A 68.2 5.0 64.2 9.0. 601 57 2.25 vi) 5 69.2 4.3 66.2 isa 642 7.02 1.88 19 6 65.6 5.2 61.4 9.4, 548 6.03 2.17 74 7 61.5 6.8 56.1 12.2 459 5.08 52 67 8 61.9 4.9 58.0 8.8 489 41 1.85 75 9 56.7 7.0 50.4 13.3 319 4.23 2.36 64 10 54.3 7.4 47.6 14.1 344, 3.85 34 62 a1 56.1 6.2 50.5 Its .380 4.25 .06 67 12 58.9 5.4 54.0 10.3 428 76 1.96 Bk 13 60.4 5.9 55.7 10.6 453 5.00 2.15 0 14, 62.5 5.1 58.4 9.2 496 .48 1.96 74, 15 60.4 6.3 55.4 113 449 4,97 2.26 .69 16 60.3 6.1 55.4 11.0 449 97 .20 69 17 61.4 5.6 56.9 10.1 472 §.21 09 wi 18 63.9 6.2 58.9 11.2 504 55 48 .69 19 61.8 5.9 57.1 10.6 475 24, .22 70 20 58.7 6.0 53.9 10.8 426 4.74, .06 70 21 60.4 5.4 56.1 9.7 459 5.10 1.94, 72 22 62.6 5.6 58.1 10.1 491 42 2.16 72 23 65.4 4.9 61.5 8.8 550 6.05 03 75 24 66.8 4.6 63.1 8.3 580 27 1,98 76 25 67:2 4.1 63.9 7 4, 595 54 19 79 26 67.4, 3.8 64.4, 6.8 .605 65 .65 .80 27 68.4 3.6 65.5 6.5 .628 .88 .62 81 28 66.4 5.3 62°2 9.5 063 16 2.27 13 29 66.5 Ba | 62.4, 9.2 507 22 iS 74 30 66.8 4,.9 62.9 8.8 576 ol LZ 1d dL 66.3 6.2 61.3 11.2 546 5.99 64 .69
All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants.
Meteorological Observations ill
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of January 1872.
Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.
’ 33 Range of the Barometer |; Range of the Tempera- F ei: for each hour during AS ture for each hour
4 ano the month. 3 during the month.
j oa Pa
Hour. EO = I
4 se.) Max. | Min. | Diff. | $3 | Max. | Min. | Dif. 4 aa a a Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. ) ) fy) fo)
Mid-
_ cht. 30.029 | 30.120 | 29.895 | 0.225 65.4 70.3
.020 LOZ Sol aid 64.7 70.0 :
.010 .090 -890 .200 64.0 70.0 56.5 13.5 69.8
: 1 2 g 000 .085 885 | .200 63.4 56.0 13.8 - 4 | 29.993 072 869 | .203 62.9 70.0 55.5 14.5 5 | 30.006 091 874} 217 62.3 70.5 55.0 15.5 6 021 .116 882 | .234, 61.9 69.8 54.6 15.2 . 040 .138 899 | .239 61.7 69.6 54.9 14.7 8 071 .168 936 | .232 63.1 69.4 56.1 13.3 e 9 096 195 950 | .245 66.6 72.0 60.0 12.0 = 10 103 198 953 | 245 70.3 75.5 64.0 11.5 = 11 .089 .189 941 | 248 73.0 77.0 66.5 10.5 Noon.| .059 153 O12 | 1.944 75.1 80.0 67.5 12.5 1 024 118 864 | .254 76.3 81.1 68.0 13.1 2 | 29.994 077 830 | .247 77.2 82.3 68.5 13.8 3 977 057 815 | 242 77.6 82.0 69.0 13.0 4 .969 052 .796 | .256 76.3 80.9 67.7 13.2 ' 5 973 .058 .799 | .259 75.3 79.8 67.1 12.7 5 6 984 069 | ° .825 | .244 72.6 76.5 65.0 11.5 Gs 7 999 079 849 | .230 70.8 75.0 64.0 11.0 ie g | 30.018 101 870) .231 69.4 74.0 62.6 11.4 ih 9 035 .120 876 244, 68.3 72.5 61.7 10.8 m= 10 OAL £135 902 | .233 67.2 71.2 60.5 10.7 = 11 .038 133 899 | .234 66.3 70.6 59.0 11.6
Ita So) A oye es eg | a a eee The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several
" hours during the month.
iv Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, om the month of January 1872.
Hourly Means, &ec. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued)
rE
f
: 5 tee =] mM neg bee
b % ct aa % B42 | 22a [Be ica = cy, 2 Ss re ey Sos ~ ee ° a) © o 5 Sage ~ Oe oe Fg A E a B oa 8° | 2:38 Tomes Hour.) © re A .= 3 ee Poe (32 A >. a AO 7 1 See ams 2 % 2 S, | Si | 3° @ mes eet ie 6 | 2: | RE | BS | 883 883
ag = A a A, | ee) | ® s E B aye oS so. | 328 eee NB = ee a t= O) PPA) SSN Galle Ce eh ate
Oo | Oo fo) Oo Inches. | T. gre } T. gr. Mid-
night. 62.4 3.0 60.0 5.4 0.523 5.81 1.14, 0.84 1 61.8 2.9 59.5 5.2 515 712 98 84 9 61.4 2.6 59.1 4.9 008 .65 .0O0 85 3 60.9 25 58.6 4.8 AQ9 56 0.97 85 4, 60.4 2.5 58.1 4.8 491 47 96 .85 5 60.1 22 58.1 4.2 A491 49 82 .87 6 59.8 2.1 57.9 4.0 488 45 78 88 vf 59.7 2.0 57.9 3.8 488 45 74, 88 8 60.3 2.8 57.8 5.3 .486 43 1.04 84 9. 62.2 4.4, 58.7 7.9 501 55 66. TH 10 64.0 6.3 59.0 Lt .506 56 2.52 .69 ll 64.9 8.1 58.4 14.6 496 Al 3.35 .62 Noon.) 65.6 | 9.5 58.9 16.2 504 49 85 59 1 66.2 1G.T 59.1 17.2 508 52 4.17 57 2 66.4 10.8 58.8 18.4 503 45 50 55 3 66.6 11.0 58.9 tws 504 45 62 54 4 66.1 | 10.2 59.0 17.3 506 50 19 57 5 66.0 9.3 69.5 15.8 515 .60 3.80 60 6 66.3 6.3 61.3 1138 546 .99 2.67 69 7 65.7 5.1 61.6 9.2 552 6.06 14 74, 8 65.1 4.3 61.7 The ddD4 .O9 a wer 78 9 64.3 4.0 61.1 7.2 543 5.99 sO) 19 10 63.6 3.6 60.7 6.5 536 92 43 81 il 63.0 3.3 60.4 5.9 530 .88 Py 82
All the Hygrometrical clements are computed by the Greenwich Constants.
Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the esults of the Hourly Meteorological Observations
taken at the Surveyor General’s Office,
Calcutta,
am the month of January 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &c.
Xi Cirri,—i Strati,
a Ep F ie WInp. Se l|ERE 3 Eee tH 2 5 Prevailing : = I = General aspect of the Sky. S| Ss 8 a direction. = 3/4 <= A) a * aa aie o Inches lb |Miles 1 136.5 4 AY .. | 37.3 | B. Slightly foggy at8 &9 | P. M. Olao7| «w.. |Wi& W by,S 41.1} B. Foggy from 4 to 8 a. m. Se tap |) in. |W by S.& W. 69.7| Btolr.m.,“itoip.m. B to ll vp. m. Foggy from 4 to | 7 kp Mi; & ab,.S P. Mi. 4, 137.5 W& WS W 55.2} Bto7 a.M.,\i to 5p. mM. B | to 11 vp. m. Foggy from 5 to 7 A.M. 5| 135.3 W by S& W 47.0} Bto7 a.m. Oto9a.m. B to ll p.m. Slightly foggy at 6 & 7 a.M., & from 7 to lip. M. 6 131.0 NbyE& W 59.4! B. bea 2. NE FEO Bs 8/1315} 022|INNE&NE 66.3 | B to 3.a.(., \i fo? & a, clouds of different kinds to 11 p.M. Rat 6 & 95 P.M. 9) 148.3 NNE&N by W 1 ye Aime 28 10) 117.0 N& WNW 130.3 | B. 11) 131.0 WNW 96.5| B. Foggy at 10 & ll p. m. 12} 127.0 WNW 15.5| B. Foggy at midnight & 1 A. M., & trom 7 to 11 P. mM. 13) 134.3 WwNWE&W 5.7 | B. Slightly foggy at mid- night & 1 & from 5 to 8 a. M. 14) 131.2 SW & W by N 22.0] 3B. 15) 124.5 WbyN&S W 17.8| B. Slightly foggy from 7 to ll Pp. M. 16) 132.0 SW& ENE 20.9| B. Slightly foggy from 7 to ll P.M. 17; 130.8; ... |EbyN,NE&NNE 35.5| B. Slightly foggy from 7 to OP. M. 18) 128.8 NNE,NE&ENE) ... | 64.3) Sto7a.m., Vito 12 4.m. Bto ll p.m. Slightly foggy at 7&8 P.M. mo) 128.2) 3, NE 132.6| Bto4a.m., Vito 10a. m.
ip to LL e. we
1 Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strati, \._i Nimbi,
\ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, R rain, D drizzle.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the S. G. O. Calcutta, in the month of Jan. 1872.
Montuuty Resvtts.
Tables shewing the number of days on which at a given hour any particular wind blew, together with the
number of days on which at the same hour, when any particular wind was blowing, it rained.
Meteorological Observations.
‘UO TRY Wis Bad "A AQ'*N et Arena nae uo URI [AUNCN | 9 Meee see ANMANQANAAAA uo Wey 7 ——_-——~ sere Sat Sree he eae an a at eS aa
‘uO Wey "MN AA SO Aga Ow AGHS1 HF Amma MoOwWmMoO0oo sO ee ee ee
‘uO ULeYy “wAq “AA FARRAR ANAN AN AAA AR AAA
ay SH FAA Mo MOMMA A Nooo Wat ao co
‘g SGM QQ AIO 0 9 OD 6D OD OD OD RS mM NNN AA AAA
“MSM N AeA Ann nttnt AAR iS | AMANNAAIAIAAA
aS SH AA RANAANAR A Se
"uO Wey “Ay “a HH AAMNMNANRAAA HSH NOW ODO OD OD HHH
“UO UCIT . . re | cee es Pee oe BO cs Be oe BL | N rei Tc ks co ce cs oe | M AQ ‘sg =
uo Urey Sic Osh “dO UIeyT “HAG, 'S
mete) ULB YY,
o: eC ‘uo Uleyy 00) Uley ae Oe Sah "uo ULGY ‘8 Aq ‘a “UO ULRY me ai. ‘uO UIB ay Os pti Cron Meee es en Bien tae en | it a SS 1 (oR mone Bape Sethe “uo ULV ‘AN CA “aO UIRIT
| “AT
‘
ees Sa et
Areata eS
No. of days.
A ANNAAANAANAAANAAA es
a see Awa A MAMAHRAANANAAA
mo ANNKH AMMO HH co HMO MMANANAAAN
ral re “UO ULBY, ene AS waL fae: oe . Opn oar MD DOMAMINOANNMD A ANAAMMMMMMDH ‘WON aN ey ies Set ot nists ait. ee” ie
WU UR
Nt |
: es | AANA R re Ca 6 a ee eer ee a “UO TRY Pea? she 8, "5, ee a see Parad 4; a Bare ce ese RM RNA AA ON a _— a * 4 Lot 9) qj y a MND Fo ChrDACr co) MIA MDMINOrMDOAOPN ° ax mors 2 pao ee | as) fo Zi —_—
Meteorological Observations. ix
Cy i 3 _ | Range of the Barometer = a Range of the Tempera- Bes during the day. ale ture during the day. = 58 mS © Fe HS Date. Ho | | iy 5 so | Max. | Min. | Dif. | $3 | Max. | Min. | Dif. | Inches. oper | prom ipern Inches. | Inches. | Inches. ) re) fo) O° 1 30.035 | 30.120 | 29.978 | 0.142 | 73.3 81.0 67.8 | .13.2 2 .0O9 .O86 945 143 73.9 82.7 66.0 | 16.7 3 | 29.999 074 952 ee eG 80.0 67.3 | 12.7 4 980 047 941 106 12.3 78.7 66.9 | 11,8 5 958 O47 900 147 71.0 78.7 63.8 | 14.9 6 .904 | 29.989 852 137 Za 78.0 66.5 | 11.5 7 849 912 809 103 | 68.9 72.0 66.2 | 6.8 8 .898 .965 834 131 67.8 74.5 62.0 2.5 9 951 | 30.025 892 133 | 64.6 71.9 58.0 | 13.9 10 928 006 .866 140 66.1 75.2 68.0 | 17.2 11 904 | 29.981 816 135 69.8 79.5 60.5 | 19.0 12 935 | 30.001 895 206) § 72.6 81.0 67.0 | 14.0 13 938 O14 876 138 | 74.3 81.9 67.0 | 14.9 14, 864 O49 .909 140 74.2 82.0 66.8 | 15.2 15 965 042 919 123 | 72.6 79.5 67.5.| 12.0 16 30.039 mS 981 152 68.7 17.0 G0.5 | 16.5 17 031 Ald 977 37 69.0 78.3 60.8 | 17.5 18 OO6 .096 GAL 15d 70.7 80.4: CLT Ser 9) | 29.971 045 903 142 iano 83.2 Gd : 132 20 .988 O70 907 163 74.9 83.0 68 14.6 21 964, 053 904 149 | 75.2 81.7 70. 0 11.7 22 950 027 896 A31 73.8 82.0 65.0 | 17.0 - 23 .989 .078 945 133} 73.9 83.3 64.5 | 18.8 24 | 39.020 104 965 aoe) FEO 83.4 68.8 | 14.6 25. 009 od 921 190} 72.5 82.4 62.0 | 20.4 26 29.933 920 852 168 74.0 $4.2 64.2 | 20.0 27 893 | 29.967 842 125 76.4 86.8 68.2 | 18.6 28 893 .963 841 122 77.5 87.5 70.5-| ITO 29 889 955 833 S228 795k 89.7 12.2) Tia
The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the several hours during the day.
x Meteorological Observations.
Adstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations. tuken at the Surveyor Geueral’s Office, Caleulta, au the mouth of February 1872.
Daily Means, &e. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued.)
3 ’ : 6 sd eH | O82 tee. = i i A 2 Se, | Besa [eS 2 P4 © 2 goes "eng e io oe 2 > oy sal oS Sse! oS lets pe
- E } °° o 8.5 era 69 3 = 3 2 5 | 5 eee Date 2 ri a = a a "ep,2 x FS o |e Es
SES 2 ‘ er = 64 © 2 oid fo} 0) Fe |g | 8 | 34/8 | ds | Soe a & sa) = Pag ea Se oS ee 3 : eS 3 8 aa rate oO 1 ees ag oA B Bay oe og,| SF S taee a A 5 A A an i a | ) fo) o) Inches? Tagr.ew Teen f
j 68.9 4,4, 65.4 7.9 0.626 6.84 2.00 0.77 2 67.8 6.1 63°5 10.4 088 42 59 ay § 3 68.1 5.5 64.2 9.4 601 57 .36 74 4, 66.3 6.0 61.5 10.8 .550 .O2 .56 70 5 64.4 6.6 59.1 11.9 508 5.57 .68 .68 6 68.3 3.8 65.3 6.8 .623 6.83 1.70 .80 7 66.3 2.6 64.2 47 601 .62 12 .86 8 61.3 6.5 56.1 by, 459 5.08 2.40 .68 9 7.1 1.5 Be: Tees .388 4.31 47 64 10 53.5 io 53.0 1p 41 4 59 51 65 Ji 61.7 5.1 60.6 9.2 534 5.87 O08 74 12 70.3 3.3 68.0 5.6 681 7.44 1.49 83 i3 40.5 O28 67.8 6:5 677 .38 7 4, 8l l4, 67.8 6.4 63.3 10.9. | .584, 6.37 2.72 70 15 66.4 6.2 61.4 Lig 548 .0O 66 69 16 60.5 8.2 53.9 14.8 426 4.70 99 61 by 61.2 7.8 55.0 14.0 44.2 88 88 63 18 64.4 6.3 59.4 113 513 5.63 5d 69 19 638.6 4.9 65.2 8.3 621 6.80 10 76 20 70.9 4.0 68.1 6.8 684, 7.44 1.84 80: 21 71.6 3.6 69.1 6.1 706 .69 68 82 92 | 646 | 9.2 58.2 | 15.6 493 | 6.3 3.61 60 23 65.6 8.3 59.8 14.1 520 67 34 63 24 65.2 9.8 58.3 16.7 494, is7 94, 58 25 62°6 9.9 54.7 17.8 438 4.79 84 56 26 65.8 1.2 61.8 12.2 55d 6.06 2.98 67 27 69.5 6.9 647i . Tee | 611 64 3.08 68 23 72.5 5.0 69°0 8.5 TOL 7.62 2.42 76 29 Vad 5.4 69.9 9.2 725 84 69 75
All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. «
Meteorological Observations XL
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations. taken at the Surveyor General's Office, Calcutta, — in the month of February 1872.
Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hy aren elements dependent thereon.
‘33 Range of the Barometer oe Range of the Tempera- 25. for each hour during aS ture for each hour to 4 the month. | ae during the month. = | ses RS : ~ Hour.) 5 Bo as = | se | Max. | Min. | Dif. | 2S | Max. | Min. | Dim SS KH aS x Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. Oo Oo Oo re) _ Mid- Ww Pnight.| 29.964 | 30.044 | 29.864 0.180 | 69.2 | 75.0 | 610 | 140 > 1 .955 O33 .856 gid 68.4 74.0 60.4 13.6 2 945 026 812 18k 67.8 73.5 6.0 13.5 3 .937 021 826 195 67.2 73.0 597 13.3 4 ‘932 | —-.013 817 | .196 | 666 | 72.6 | 59.0°] 13.6 5 945 .028 .823 .205 66.2 72.6 58.7 13.9 6 958 O47 825 | 222 65.7 72.2 68.4 | 138 7 ‘077 072 831} 241 65.4 72.7 58.0 14.7 g | 30.004 102 861 | 241 67.4 73.6 60.0 13.6 9 ‘027 120 892 | 228 70.8 76.3 63.4 12.9 10 ‘037 Bee 912 | 221 73.8 80.5 65.5 15.0- ll O24 122 907 215 76.3 83.4 67.5 15.9 - . Moon | 29.995; .091| .890] 201 | 77.8 | 85.0 | 69.0 | 16.0 1 963 057). (853 @ 197 | 79.0 | 883.) 702°| “Ip4 _— 3 934 O16 .838 ATS 19.9 89.5 70.5 19.0 m 3 ‘91s | 29.998| .829| .169 | 804 | 89.7 | 69.5 | 202 m 4 ‘905 981 818 | .163 80.3 88.7 70.5 18.2 904 .987 809 | .178 79.4 87.5 AG 10.5 i ¢ ‘916 994| .813| .181 77.5 84.5 68.7 15.8 | a 925 | 30.003 B18 | .185 74.9 S15 66.2 16.3 945 026 842 | .184 73.2 80.0 65.0 15.0 9 961 O40 .860 .180 71.9 77.0 63.5 13.5 10 ieee ion -i87e | 479 | 7o8 || 76.01! 62.5 > ies 11 ‘eae 0s) 877 | 217% | +700 | 766°) 61.9) IBF |
~The Mean Height of tle Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several
hours during the month.
xii Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of February 1872.
Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued).
: 3 nS 5 = neta
& 8 i: 5 ‘3 SB | 28 (BE
Ble) & | a | eles eee AY a - Oo no ts IS Spy 2 3) f © ° Ss "Doe OR tue +
Ty | wipe! Bes & 5 ee 2 £23 |B 28 (334 Hours"). pe A = 3 a oe es = 3 = A, | 28 | 2.20. es a = a8 As ES i528 cee
a4 Ss A As 4 S 7 | oe een ca) b, g bs 5 a 3! e° |oa's |e be ws i Ss ay —— Os] seo ae — aR oO - i ra | <d" Seen
ra) oO oo) Co) Inches: | °-T. grocivE: are Mid-
night.| 66.1 3.1 63.6 5.6 | 0.590 | 6.49 1.32 0.83 1 65.6 2.8 63.4, 5.0 586 4G 16 85 9 65.1 ag 62.9 4,.9 576 37 mi 85 3 64.5 2.7 62.3 4.9 565 25 10 185 4 63.9 2.7 61.7 4.9 554 13 .08 185 5 63.6 2.6 61.5 4.7 550 10 02 86 6 63.2 2.5 ie. ab 544 O4 0.98 .86 7 62.9 2.5 60.9 4.5 539 5.98 97 .86 8 64.0 3.4 61.3 6.1 546 6.05 1.34 82 9 65.7 5.1 61.6 9.2 552 .06 2.14, 74, 10 66.8 7.0 61.9 11.9 537 08 90 68 ll 67.2 9.1 60.8 15.5 007 5.83 3.86 CO Noon.| 67.5 | 10.3 60.3 17.5 528 ‘72 4.41 57 1 7h On ee ee: 60.0 19.0 523 65 85 54 2 67.9 | 12.0 | 59.5 20.4 515 55 5.23 52 3 682. 4,129 : 59.7 20.7 518 58 .36 51 4 63.3 | 12.0 59.9 20.4, 521 62 29 52 5 68.5 | 10.9 69.9 | 18.5 539 8] 4.81 55 6 68.9 8.6 B29. 46 3816 -)° 576 6.24 3.80 62 7 68.6 63 | 642.| 10.7 GOL Bd 2.74 71 8 | 67.9 oe Di sy Aa ama 591 46 .36 ie 9 67.2 4.7 63.4 8.5 586 Al 07 76 10 65.8 4.0 63.6 Yr) 590 48 1.72 79 ll 66.7 3.3 64.1 5.9 .599 59 Al 82
All the Hygrometrical clements are computed by the Greenwich Constants.
z +2,=*
Meteorological Observations.
Xlii
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General's Office, Culeutla, in the mouth of February 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather. &c.
oe Nene WInp. "O 5 NS a %, fo Ss |S 5 wy: : =| >, ©) General aspect of the Sky. 2) 4:8 law Prevailing 4G i's é = S Baa direction. ie As ; o {Inches | Ib Miles 1/1363; ... |}WSW&Sby W)... | 28.2 | Son Eto8a.m.,-ito3r. mu. Bto 11 v. um. Foggy from 2 to Sh. MG 2; 139.0 Variab:e. 76.10 B to: ba. me, Wr toll ae Me. B to 1] vp. mu. 3 134.0 SW&NW jaa) 942.2) Chiefly 3B; 4 133.8 NbyW&N by E| ... | 31.5) B to 6 a. w., \itoor. M., wot te: S Pp. uw. Beto po. Light R at 77 Pp. M. 5; 140.8 NbyE.NNE&SE) ... | 126.1} Bto4da.m., clouds of different kinds to 2 p. M., \-1 to 7 P. M. B to ll ev. m. iG: 133.7 SSE&SSW 29 6): B to’ kb. we, tte 1d ale, .-ito5 p.m. Otoll p.m. 7| 125.0} 0.78 | N W & variable. | 0.8/ 108.2! O to 4 a. m., clouds of dif- * iferent kinds to 4p. m. B toll ep. M. R from 0$ to 3 & between L£& oa. M. 8} 135.0 NWEewW NW) 2) 85:9 ; 9} 131.4 Weby IN [by Ss) 3 SFY SB: 10) 134.0 SbyW,SW & W 98.0| B. Foggy at5 &6 a. mw. a1; 137.0 WbyS&SSW "6.4 |, Bote: 7. ay, Ni fo 0a ae, “i to 4PM. Bio 1) pum 12) 131.0 SSW&WbyS "6.6 | B°to- 3 «. wi 8sto7 2 mad to6 p.m. B to 9 p.m., ito IL | p. M. Foggy from 2 to7 a. M. 13} 129.5 | 0.27 SW &E 94.5 | Chiefly “i R between 3 & 4 A. M. 14) 131.0 EbyN&ENE 179.1; 1 to 8 «., mw. B-fo 2 pam, clouds of different kinds to }1 p. M: Lon S W between 6 & 7 p. M. Light R at 9 p. wu. 15, 129.0| 0.40 |Sby W&Nby HEH] ... | 99.6) i to 12 a.m. Btoll p.m. Slightly foggy at 8p.m. T&L at d5¢a.M. Rati & 6a. M. 16) 129.4 NNE&NNW |... | 152.6) B. Foggy from 8 to 11 p. m. 17) 131.0 NNW&WbHyS|... | 71.2} B.Shghtly foggy at midnight
4&4.
Aver Mic
Ni Cirri,—i Strati, “i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strati, ._i Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, R rain, D drizzle.
glen Seal
viv Meteorological Observations.
Aistract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations, taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, wn the mouth of Kebruary 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &e.
ae Abe. Winp o™ols fs eteep eat ata | 23 158 a =|», &| General aspect of the Sky 2! 4g /e8 2] Prevailing Hels ‘ é = = ES aia direction. = fl A c : son Pad ie |} 0 Inches) lb } Miles ' i 133.0}; ... (WbyS&WSW,... | 609) BtolOa.m, “1to6p. mu. B fo° 21 Par: 19} 139.0 SS W ... | 88:7 | B to’ 94. u., “1 f0-5 B. Be | | to ll p. Mm. 20; 128.8} 1.37 Sby W&SS W 7.0/ 148.9); Bto8a.m., “itoér. uw. O to lle. m. Lat 7,8 &11 p.m.
T at 7 & 11 p.m. High wind accompanied with rain & hail- stones feel In immense quanti- ties between 7 & 8 p. M., & Rat 103 P. M.
eiHi30.51 ... SW & W .. | 81.7.( \ito6a. uw. B to 8 A. M21 to6r. mM. Btoll p. um. Slightiy fogyy at 8 Pp. M. 4 22| 132.0; ... |WbyN&NW)... | 29.3/° B tod4a.m, Vto7vam B
LTE SA Slee sf
to ll P. M. 23| 132.8) ... W ... | 83.5] B. Slightly foggy at 8 p.m. 24)135.0| ... |WNW&WohyN| .. | 48.7] B. Slightly foggy at 9 p. w. 25, 133.8; ... W by Boe Wei i ae B. Be 108)... |) WS Wee SW of to e768! Ohi eS. 27) 138.0)9 f° |) SSW.e SW]... 98.4 B. 28, 137.4) ... SSW .. | 67.7] B. Foggy from 3 to’'8 a. m. 29| 137.0| ... SSWé&S8 ... | 54.8} Chiefly B. Foggy from 3 to 8 A. M.
| Ni Cirri,—i Strati, ~i Cumuli, i Cirro-strati, »i Cumulo-strati, \. i Nimbi, \Wi Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T paige L lightning R. rain, D drizzle.
Meteorological Observations. x
Aistract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations tuken at the Surveyor Geuneral’s Office, Calcutta, a the mouth of February 1872.
Monrnuy Rrsutrs.
Inches: Mean height of the Barometer for the month .. ... 29.958 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 10 a. M. on ie 16th. dro Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 5 p. M. onthe 7th. .., 29.809
Extreme range of the Barometer during the month ie a oem Mean of thie daily Max. Pressures ee ae ar: ... 30.038 Ditto ditto Min. ditto = wos) 29.908 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month Soe Fane On LEE oO
Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month a8 cs Seags Lobg Max. ‘Temperature occurred at 3». M. on the 29th. res ve Soon Min. Temperature occurred at 7 a. M, on the 9th & 10th... 2 68:4 Hetreme range of the Temperature during the month a erg elem Mean of the daily Max. Temperature... er a Pe 4 One Ditto — ditto Min. ditto, é Bet se Bose Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month... - 15.4 Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month = «a, O.4 Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 6.1 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month sa oleplte Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew- -point 11.0. Inches. °
Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month rr “ scant O- SOM
Troy grain.
Mean Weight of Vavour for the month wt 6.08 Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation ol 2am Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.70 fo) Mean. Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month. ... 3: -laag Inches, Rained 7 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours oe vail eae Total amount of rain during the month 7? 2.82 Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemometer during the month Cr er 2.34 Prevailing direction of the Wind sue S. 8. W.& W. by N.
* Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground.
xvi
Abstract of the Results of tre Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the 8. G. O. Calcutta, in the month cf Feb. 1872.
Montary Resvtrs. yson which at a given hour any particular wind blew, together with the
Tables shewinz the number of da
c
number of days on which at the same hour, when any particular wind was blowing, it rained.
Sfeteorological Observations.
‘do Wey | ——————— “as Aqs Nt Cn i soee i en Ol ee oe oe Pte ral me; ne "Uo ULB "DANN | eo Le I ee ee ce Bc On Bl oe Be ce oe | mn) Ne et os "uo UIVY ©: oe ee pee tel Oh ee a ee oak A al een Mn OS Meee ll oon Bl oe Mee oe P| toy | rma OD OD OD OD OD OD ON St UO Wey Se “MONA asa ANN VO lo | moO OD Rt RS eS oe ee ae i ee a ee UO WB Y “nt 4q° "Mf oO Hod eo HD OD cd oF tt BD OD OD OD 90 CD OD ‘uo UN aay = “M See AAAS a ANMDOODONS “10 uEy ‘Ss Aq iS) NNAN MO OOO RA RS on SHHMMOOMDMONANANN "do Urey soe “MA SAA HH MAA NANANMHAMDD A WAANAINIAAAANHSD “uO ULbYy 4 25) i “AN =i A NRAANAAANAHHHA OC ARMAANNQAAAAR uO ULB . = i: 3 cara fl © SCSwMmMmaAGaaAnswn A WawnaAgonocwon Mes S "dO URIYT i: “My 4a ‘g Oo NNN NM MAR Ae Sq mANDMANR AAO B - ' "UO Ue a es aQ wea —_ 4 ae AOS OOD . ‘uo Wey fa > | ‘a Aq gs t3 uO ULBYy 1)3 aoe ze Beatie ea) co he is ‘ss * ‘uo wey 5 7 “T o ei re | cel oe Bl oe cee oe ee | ‘HO Urey BaP O gr eee eet rei re TST "UO UiK>Si Aen ne ye nS It > ae a ao "§ Aq uo WIV ale er rs rx ei aie ete est ed GU = ‘UO ULB ie | 2 Pesaro ae "uO WiVIT (bet So ee ee ma oN aI aA N OS ot et et OU , Oh ae pel er ag ak ee oo “uo a mp, ae | —_ ca aml ee _ nm (3 aaa. rt red ‘no Urey co eee ee rte oat MT ONT wt st AI OD OD 08 09 OD A rs aE OAT ON ee re red "U0 ULeYy ee Tq hq Aaa RS Ce ee ee! rol SS ANON SR u 1 Sp LG SOR (LS I 5 eee Pane a ee ae eS oe ——__— me ce ee ee ° AT
® or ACO HOODY ah
Mid night
ee a ee ee SO
—_
Meteorological Observations. xvii
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, ix the month of March 1872. Latitude 22° 33’ 1” Nerth. Longitude 88° 20’ 34” East. Height of the Cistern of the Standard Barometer above the sea level, 18.11 feet.
Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.
is ; = 8 _ | Range of the Barometer = uy Range of tlre Tempera- aes during the day. FAs ture during the day. oe Be Date. aa Q s A eo | Max. | Mim. | Dif. | $3 | Max. | Min. | Diff Ss +» 8 = a Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. Oo 0 ce) O 1 29.937 | 29.996 | 29.865 0.131 78.8 89.0 71.5 | 17.5 2. 991 | 30.068 941 a av 197 85.5 Vi.3 | 142 3 30.004 .070 .957 113 78.2 87.0 70.7 | 16.8 4, O19 094 982 142 79.0 88.0 70.0 | 18.0 5 29.974 054, 900 154 78.6 87.7 70.5 | 17.2 6 .933 806 841 165 78.5 89.7 70.3 | 19.4 7 -901 | 29.988 .829 1859 77.7 87.0 69.5 | 17.5 8 893 971 835 136 80.4 89.0 74.8 | 14.2 9 951 | 30.621 900 121 79.7 90.3 70.5 | 19.8 i0 .939 O17 859 158 Sia 91.5 74.5 | 17.0 il 852 | 29.926 754 172 82.4 92.7 76:0 | 16.7 42 788 .867 702 165 Sad 94.0 76.6 | 17.4 13 740 ll .650 GL 84.4, 95.2 17.3 | 178 14 738 .829 654 175 85.0 98.0 77.0 | 21.0 15 782 851 al .120 84.1 95.5 73.6 | 21.9 16 836 884 779 -105 84.3 93.0 78.0 | 15.0 17 .845 .909 782 127 84.1 94.5 170 | 17S 18 .869 951 .807 144 83.7 92.5 17.0 | 15a 19 .857 .946 .780 .166 83.5 91.7 76.6 | 151 20 784 .858 .695 163 84.0 92.4 78.3 | 14.1 21 784 848 124 124 83.9 93.7 77.5 | 16.2 22 .870 943 81l 3132 84.2 93.5 47.5 | 16.0 23 .865 .960 i771 189 84.8 95.0 78.0 | 17.0 24 791 872 .683 .189 85.1 96.4 76.7 | 19.7 25 72d 786 664 122 84.0 95.0 76.7 | 183 26 751 .831 .662 .169 85.2 96.0 Wid | ie 27 £725 788 .653 155 86.3 98.5 78.0 | 20.5 28 743 818 .675 143 86.1 96.5 78.5 | 18.0 29 712 .766 646 .120 85.0 95.3 77.6 | 17% 30 773 852 718 139 85.4 $6.7 78.5 | 18.2 31 826 .898 761 137 85.2 93.5 78.4 | 15.1
The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the vevyeral hours during the day.
XViil Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, an the month of March 1872.
Daily Means, &¢. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—/(Continued.)
‘ : . GH =) Sa ee ae ee ere = e 2 2 Ss | BSS 8 e8 2 : : S ae | PEER ed 2 6 E 3 cs nS Se [O82 oo Date.| 7 ,. is A 3 ‘B ‘Se |, ages = eae 2 | 8, | es | es | see Beil 2 | as | 22 | ES | fee 28 ee a ee ee |e = ro) ie rb A ro Oo | OO = A 5 A = a | = Oo ) tm) ) Inches: Tigrod’ Tiger : 47087 8s 64.2 | 146 | 0.601 | 649 | 3.95 | 0.62 2 | 689 | 88 P2771) IO-| | Bre 20 .90 61 Bol | esd | 9.8 6h5)| 167.0) B50 | 606. 1 4B 58 a ee me 6220) Tes.) ee) | e08 42 58 BY) -678 | 108 60.20) 18:4 | | 627.) | 0 68 55 6 | 7038 | 82 64.6 | 13.9 | .609 | 6.59 | 3.76 64 Pa eee | 60 675.5) 30:2:-| +670 1 3R7o9 Pei 72 8s | 744 | 6.0 (ee Or ae ee 89 | 3.05 72 Beh com | 72 Bb 122-4. 670 24, 48 68 10 | 75.6 | 5.6 V1.7 9:4 13.768... 828 1 Voge 74 Mo) 748} 76 69.5 | 12.9 | .715 | 7.68 | 3.93 66 mo yess | \ 73 Fu | ioe ges, | vee 94 .67 13/1 768 | 74 vip) 129-4 i768 16. 4.) as 66 14 | 75.6 | 9.4 69.0%) 160 1.708 | Fel eae 60 1 | 75.2 | 89 69.0 | 15.1 | .704 53 | 4.68 62 i¢ | 789 | 64 75.1 O2 | 857. | Sag) Sam 75 al ve Bn UME ed 7250) | Teal. | 2708 1 RSS 79 .70 ht 740.4 9.7 67.2°| 16.5 | 664 | FAO | | 487 59 19 | 740 | 96 67.3 | 162 | .666 18 87 59 SA 77074 | 7.0 TOA) | 140. 4) 78: Bese “eee 68 21 FED i 7.7 706%) )Isl 746 | 4.90 | aaa 66 28% yom 1 17.6 Tied 2284 ed Ree ll 66 23 | 76.4 | 84 70.6%| (14.8 1.9389. | 7.90 56 63 24 | 75.8 | 9.3 69.34) 46:8 3) 9a 58 99 60 7 a es 72.1 10° eee | Ree ee 68 26 | 78.7 | 665 74.1 11.1 830 87 74 .70 a7 il yen | 102 69.0) 17:30] 504 | 7.50 | Gee 58 28 | 78.8 7.3 73.7 |) 32.41 2 BIO | Bed a 68 29 | 79.0 | 6.0 74.8 10.2 | £49.) 19107." | Bias 72 30 78.7 6.7 74.0 11.4 827 8.84 84 70 B12 f 781 BA i he 6 MOA dy a9 gl B07 54 72 |
|
All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants.
Meteorological Observations X1X
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of March 1872.
Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.
Sa Range of the Barometer = : Range of the Tempera- ec & for each hour during ca 8 ture for each hour ee q the month. = during the month. o HO Hour. © Eo ro 5 : ics | Max. | Min. | Dif. =. | Max. | Min. | Dif. as am Inches. | Inches, | Inches. | Inches. ) Oo ) ) Mid- night.| 29.856 | 30.033 | 29.730 | 0.803 78.5 81.8 72.0 9.8 1 845 026 723 .303 77.9 81.0 71.8 9.2 2 834 021 703 318 77.4 80.6 70.9 oF 3 824 .013 .687 .326 76.9 80.2 70.6 9.6. 4, .820 003 671 332 76.4 79.9 70.5 9.4 5 835 .007 .682 325 75.9 79.5 70.6 8.9 6 853 024 108 319 75.6 78.5 69.5 9:0 7 .876 057 Tal 326 75.5 79.4 69.5 9.9 8 .899 078 754 | .324 77.5 81.8 72.0 9.8 9 914, O91 164 | .327 80.4 84.6 74.0 10.6 10 917 094 766 | .328 83.6 88.2 78.6 9.6 11 907 .085 763 322 86.6 91.5 81.2 10.3 Noon. .881 .060 137 323 89.0 93.8 83.5 10.3 1 .850 034 .716 318 90.7 96.0 84.7 11.3 2 818 | 29.993 691 302 oko 97.6 | 85.5 12.1 3 194 ma 662 309 92.5 98.4, 85.5 12.9 4 782 965 646 tole 92.4, 98.5 84.7 13.8 5 780 977 .650 | .327 91.0 97.0 83.5 13.5 6 788 .986 654 | .332 88.0 92.2 82.0 10.2 7 .807 | 30.005 .678 325 84.7 88.0 80.0 8.0 8 828 014 706 .308 82.6 86.0 75.3 10.7 9 851 . .028 731 297 81.0 85.0 74.5 10.5 10 860 038 736 302 79.9 83.5 72.8 10.7 ll 859 .037 742 295 79.1 82.2 72.0 10.2
The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several
hours during the month,
xx Meteorological Observations:
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations faken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of March 1872.
Ffourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued).
| i " ; s Ss i Fee eine a te 3 3 aey 6 Be | 2&8 [EE es aoeh SS 2 | Fs (Ses bee a >) ee) ° G4 45 se a ao} = > E - SA ey lS O-o gy 16 Oa 1 a 3 @ ° a 42 Pee ioe Bour:- i. 3 BR a a "en “fom a ae tp oD £5 cael ; ahead ated a o Pee |e t 2) 8. |) ee | ee | ae as Qo | = Me 4 2 oO eR nice a 8 a a a3 [a2 |abe >? Po | 5 Eres, o,% Cg ae on .o ae 4 Loe i ra le SF Bre jsos o | oO fe) oy) Inches. | 'T. gr F. gr F Mid- | night.; 75.0 3.5 72.5 6.0 | 0.787 8.53 1.82 0.82 4+) 47 3.2 72.5 5.4, 787 54 62 84 2 74.4 3.0 72.3 Bid 783 49 52 85 3 74.2 2.7 72.3 4.6 783 49 a7 86. 4, 74.0 2.4 72.3 4.1 783 OL 21 88 4 5 13.7 2.2 $2.2 3.7 781 .48 99 89 q 6 73.5 > A $2.0 3.6 776 43 .05 89 * v4 73.0 2.0 $2.1 3.4, 778 48 0.98 -9O A 8 74.4 3.1 72.2 5.3 781 46 1.58 84 9 75.6 4.8 72.2 8.2 781 Al 2.53 Aes 10 76.4 7.2 71.4 12.2 761 15 3.88 .68 11 76.0 10.6 69.6 17.0 717 7.63 5.51 58 Noon.| 75.5 33.5 67.4 21.6 .668 06 7:02 50 ; 1 74.6 16.1 64.9 25.8 615 6.50: 8.30 A4 | P 74.4 17.5 63.9 28.0 595 vy | 9.05 “AL 3 74.1 18.4 63.1 29.4 580 10 49 39 4, 74.2 18.2 63.3 29.1 584, 14 40 40 5 74.7 16.3 64.9 26.1 615 50 8.43 44 6 75.7 12.3 68.3 19.7 688 7.30 6.38 5F 7 75.8 8.9 69.6 15.1 Bi alg .66 4.76 .62 8 75.8 6.8 71.0 11.6 751 8.05 3.63 .69 9 96.7 5.3 72.0 9.0 .776 35 2.79 75 0 15.7 4.2 72.8 7 795 59 19 .80 il 75.5 3.6 | 73.0 6.1 80] 65 1.88 .82
| |
\
—
All the Hygrometrical clements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. .
SSS. S.S - ee e . eeeS,l !
Meteorological Observations. XX1
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor Generals Office, Calcutta, in the month of March 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &c.
Be iene... WIND. ees tis 3 > @ 2 Pr. ili at kes &| General aspect of the Sky. | id lead) Meals (g/2 3 bey s 8 ric = “ rs) air Ao aa - | 0 {Inches | lb |Miles fig) us io DBaN NE 26 133.5 \nito.3 4: uw. Bio 9 Pp. M., 771 | toll pe. m. Brisk wind from 11+ ie a. M. to 43 P. M. apie)... JS ea WS W 190.4,| \ni te LOA. w., \i te 3. Pox, | clouds of different kinds to 11 p.m. I & Dat 6a. m. aids)! ... WhyS& W «ws | L407) B to 4 40.8 to 7 A. to L pom, i to 7 p, a. B todl Pp. M. 4 1354) «.. iIW& WS W ec beg KOcd |) 2 OO Poe. Naito LE ee, = ee Te WW We hss 122.0) B, 6| 141.3] 0.21 SW 0.4| 103.3| Bto12a.a., clouds of dif- ferent kinds to 11 v. u. Lat 7& [SS Ww 8p.mM.T& Rat 7 p.m. 7| 138.0 SbyW,ESE&... |1265| Bto4a.m.,\Wito8a.mu.B to2 Pp. M., Ai to 7Pp.M. Btoll P. M. 8| 140.0} ... ISby W&SSW|... |1225| B to 34.m.Sto8a.mM., “i to4p.m. Btoll p.m. 9} 140.5) ... S53. W. ... |106.4| B. Foggy from 3 to 8 a. mM. 10) 140.8 |... SSW &SW |... | 133.2] Chiefly B. Slightly foggy at 6&7 a. M. 71) 144.0) ... SW .. |179.9| Bto5da.m.Oto9 a.m. Bto Li P.M. 12} 145.8) ... |SSwW&Sby W|... | 185.9; B to 4a.m.Sto8a.m,, \2 to 6 p.m. Bto ll Pp. M. 13, 142.8; ... | SbyW&SW | ... | 135.2} Scuds from S by W to8 a.m. Bto llp. a. Slightly foggy at 6&7 4. M. -14145.8; .. |SW&WNW)... |115.2) Bto4da.u.S to8a.m. Bto ll Pp. M. 15) 144.6) ... SWé&S .. | 98.8} B. Foggy between 6&7 a. m.
6,137.0; ... |SS WwW [WSW., ... |.162.9 Sto8a.m.Btoll p.m.
a 137.5.) «acs SSW, WNW &... | 105.0! Bto6a.m.Oto9 a.m. Bto ll p.m. Slightly foggy from 5 to7 a. M.
Xi Cirri,—i Strati, “i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strati, ._i Nimbi, ‘ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, R rain, D drizzle.
¥xul
Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of March 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &c.
25)
29 30
31)
Max. Solar radiation.
i te (e 0)
136.3 137.0 141.0 140.5 144.8 147.0
142.0
5 144.5
145.0 145.0 143.0 145.2
138.0
ft. above Ground.
»
Rain Guage
15
Inches
|
WIND.
Prevailing direction.
WSW&WNW
SSW & variable] ...
Max. * ='|Pressure
. . —
SSW&Sby W)...
SbyW&SSW
SSWe&sk
SSWwé&s Ww
SSW&Sby WV ...
Sby W &SSW SSW &S byW
mw
SSW &S by W| ...
Velocity.
Ss ——s iq?) >
110.8 75.7 98.0 87.8 84.3
112.7
110.4
161.0
210.2
228.5
151.8
234.0
214.0
General aspect of the Sky.
Bto3a.m.Sto6a.m. Bto 4p.M.,\itoll p.m. Foggy at 5 & 6a. M.
B to5a.m., \ito9a.m. B to 12. a. 1.. ito 1 eee
S to4a.m., -ito9 a.m. B to ll Pp. mM.
Chiefly B. Foggy at 6 a. M.
B to? a. uM. Sto 7 sk. ew ee to 104a.m. Btol Pp. M., NG tod p. mM. Bto ll Pp. Mm.
B to la.u.Sto7a.™M., \t to7 p.m. Stoll P.M.
\ito24.mu. Bt0is 5. os toll p.m. Foggy from 5 to7 A. M.
B.
Seuds from SS W to 4a. m. Bto8p.m., scuds from S by W to A1 2m,
B to 8 p. M. Scuds fromS S W toll p.m.
\Ai to 4 &. MS Bio S eae scuds from 8 to 11 p. M.
Chiefly B.
B to 5a.M., scuds from 8S W to8a.m. Btol Pp. m., “ito 4p.m. Bto9 p.m. Stoll p.m.
Scuds from 8 S W to 2a. m., \i to 4p. Mm. 8 to7 p. m. B to 11 p..m..D-at 7 P.M.
\i Cirri,—i Strati, i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, Li Cumulo-strati, \._i Nimbi, - \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, 8 stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R. rain, D drizzle.
Meteorological Observations. XXil
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the- month of March 1872.
Montuty ReEsvtrs.
Inches. Mean height of the Barometer for the month _... s». 29.845 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 10 a.m. on the 4th. ... 30.094 Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 4 P.M. onthe 29th. ... 29.646 Extreme range of the Barometer during the month i ve 0.448 Mean of the daily Max. Pressures vat fe ste vs. 29.919 Ditto ditto Min. ditto ss ne 29.48 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month ine i 0.146, oO Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month ara Ap RAE ae Max. Temperature occurred at 4». M. on the 27th. ee ig. eee Min. Temperature occurred at 6 & 7 a. M, on the 7th Se ao OOD Katreme range of the Temperature during the month ai a0 Mean of the daily Max. Temperature _... ee Be ise) Be Ditto ditto Min. ditto, ae sox! Teal Mean daily range of the Temperature duri ing the month .., rome ye Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month ee 4 Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 7.8 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month van | OO Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew-point vege Rowe Inches. Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month His ses we Oni te Troy grain. Mean Weight of Vapour for the month wit. (ue Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation ... 4.06 Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.65 fy) Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month ..,, oo» | 1406 Inches. Rained 3 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours _ bie we (One Total amount of rain during the month .. Oe Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemometer during the month ... is 0.16 Prevailing direction of the Wind fs S.S. W, S.W.&S. by W.
* Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground.
XXIV
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the 8. G. O. Calcutta, in the month of March 1872.
Montuty Resvtts. Tables shewing the number of days on which at a given hour any particular wind blew, together with the
‘ao Urey “Ms Aq‘ NC “uO WIRY
“uo WN “MN ‘UO WIRY “M'NM
-AAN UN
Meteorological Observations,
‘uo Ulex
cn | ARMANAAAN re OHAN
“UO ULBY
= “R
“UO UlBY
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or) C19 OH FO 10 10 10 Or DO co Od C 1D SH SH rs SH SH cH OD OD
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"mM Aq ‘9 uo Urey Ce a
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“a
‘uo Ue "nN Aq "uO WII “TN “a "UO Ul ‘TN "U0 ULBy ‘a ‘NN "uO ULB
gt £q “NC
number of days on which at the same hour, when any particular wind was blowing, it rained.
Hour.
~ be tO SH OD OD SH 10 nN GYGl 0 Crain oS
=
A AAA ea AaA eS aH FTF AANWMWPRUANH
re re mANR eS
re
SAA AANAAA SA a
No. of days.
ei Sate AN a | See ANA Re
5 oe oe oe Be | re esr
4 = a _._._...
MAM HAMHOMDADOr AAD AMOOrMDAAOrs ere ere
Noon,
Mid night
- Meteoroiogical Observations. KXV
Absiract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, ww the month of Apri 1872. Latitude 22° 33’ 1” North. Longitude 88° 20’ 34” Kast. Height of the Cisternr of the Standard Barometer above the sea jevel, 18.11 feet.
Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.
Cy ma 3 _ | Range of the Barometer = ws Range of the Tempera- ; hee during the day. a E ture during the day. 3 Os a : Date.| © Bo | = 2 ao | Max. | Min. | Dif. | $4 | Max. | Min. | Dif. | Ss PS 8 = <a Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. fe) ) ) ) 1 29.886 | 30.030 | 29.825 0.205 78.8 83.5 71.5 | 12.0 2 847 | 29.931 170 156 82.0 90.5 76.0 | 14.5 3 849 928 163 .165 82.2 92.6 or) ALE 4, 844 915 165 150 81.2 88.7 76.7 | 12.0 5 894, 986 834 122 $1.0 90.7 716 | 19.1 6 .939 | 80.020 866 154 84.1 92.2 78.0 | 14.2 vi 882 | 29.957 805 154, 85.0 | 94.7 Gi O8 | VTF 8 813 .902 134 168 86.1 96.0 76.4 | 19.6 9 767 834 703 aot | 18xe2 98.3 78.5 | 19.8 10 42 809 675 134 88.1 100.5 785 | 22.0 il .736 796 .687 .LO9 84.8 90.0 81.0 9.0 42 .» G30 794 .666 128 85.6 95.0 78.6 | 16.5 13 746 804, 677 127 | 86.6 97.3 78.2 | 19.1 14, 779 843 738 108 87.8 99:0 80.0 | 19.0 15 782 89 418 141 88.2 98.7 a" 80.6) 18.1 16 478 835 716 hl 87.6 98.0 78.7 | 19.3 17 £91 866 .678 188 86.3 96.1 17.5 | 18.6 18 815 887 137 1860 82.4, 91.8 73.0 |} 18.8 19 748 819 641 178 86.4 95.8 78.4 | 17.4 20 .698 164 .626 138 87.6 100.0 0.8 | 19.2 21 .686 471 605 166 88.3 99.0 80.0 | 19.0 me 22 674 138 Poy oe 165 88.0 98.0 82.0 | 16.0 e. 23 .680 41 567 174 86.1 97.2 80.0,| 17.2 24 .682 438 592 146 83.8 94.0 77.3 | 16.7 25 .635 .698 519 ZO 86.6 94.9 72:8.\ Took 26 612 676 57 119 86.9 92.8 81.9 | 10.9 27 679 748 .622 126 88.1 95.4 83.8 | 11.6 28 103 764 .618 146 88.7 98.2 84.3 | 13.9 29 .689 762 613 149 86.6 94.3 75.5 | 18.8 30 703 154 626 128 83.1 92.7 76.8 | 15.9
The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the several hours during the day.
XXVI Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, an the month of April 1872.
Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued.)
r
4 : 43 FE S ee eee pies te ele ee ee <a Ee aw = as) ro os ae Tom ~ S) Pe o § 3 : > |S |= | BB | SaB RSE Date.| © |. a A ii = mo 186 | es 2 9 2 oS Q Bs ‘3S sub | ook Fe | 3 = | 22 1.88.4 ES.) Seen a a 5 gles gj a, | SBS la BS ie} 4 Ss eS B 8 “4 5 af = oA Ps 5 rp oF og srs |S
= A s) A = a | = ) to) ) 7) Inches. | T. gr.) 1 Boge .
1 74.5 4.3 71.5 i.0: | 0.763 8.26 2.18 0.79 2 73. 8.3 67.9 14.1 679 7.30 4.17 64 3 76.7 5.5 72.8 9.4 795 8.55 2.99 74 4A, 76.5 4.7 73.2 8.0 806 .68 53 id 5 74.4 6.6 69.8 ih 722 7.78 3.36 70 6 76.2 7.9 70.7 13.4 744, OF 4.24, 68 7 75.9 9.1 69.5 15.8 715 .63 90 61 8 75.3 10.8 67.7 18.4 674, 19 5.76 56 9 178 9.6 71.8 15.4 771 8.20 17 61 10 17.3 10.8 70.8 17.3 746 7.92 80 58 il 74.6 10.2 67.5 17.3 670 ms bg 29 58 12 79.0 6.6 74.4 11.2 838 8.95 3.81 70 13 78.3 8.3 73.3 13.3 809 61 4.53 66 14 79.1 8.7 73.9 13.9 824 76 84 64 15 78.5 9.7 72.7 15.5 792 40 5.36 61 16 77.8 9.8 71.9 15.7 773 21 ol 6L 17 74.2 12.1 65.7 20.6 632 6.73 6.29 52 18 (acl 9.3 66.6 15.8 651 .98 4.63 60 19 75.9 10.5 68.5 17.9 692 7.37 5.69 56 20 78.8 8.8 73.5 14.1 814 8.65 4.87 64 21 80.1 8.2 75.2 13:1 860 9.13 67 .66 22 81.2 6.8 T7eL 10.9 913 40 3.98 71 23 79.6 6.5 75.0 ile at 854 11 84 70 24 78.4 5.4 74.6 9.2 843 03 07 78 25 81:2 5.4 78.0 8.6 .940 10.01 13 76 26 81.5 5.4, 78.3 8.6 949 .09 16 76 27 81.6 6.5 ‘hex 10.4 931 9.90 82 (£ 28 81.5 7.2 77.2 11.5 916 Fi 4.25 70 29 79.8 6.8 75.7 10.9 873 30 3.84 71 30 78.9 6.2 74.6 10.5 843 .0O 57 72
Meteorological Observations XXV1E
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of April 1872.
Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements: dependent thereon.
‘$3 Range of the Barometer = Range of the Tempera- 4S for each hour during a 8 ture for each hour "9 a the month. 2 during the month. ® ES ee Hour.| © EO RAs S923 | Max. | Min. | Dif. | $3 | Max. | Min. | Dif. ak a Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. fe) ) ) ) Mid- night.| 29.775 29.947 | 29.622 | 0.325 81.1 84.5 76.2 8.3 1 764 942 613 329 80.7 84.5 76.0 8.5 2 154 .935 .606 329 80.3 84.41 75.0 9.4 3 144 .929 594 .300 80.0 84.4, 74.0 10.4, 4, 740 923 585 308 797 84.5 73.0 11.5 5 753 932 592 340 79.3 84.3 72.0 12.3 6 .768 943 604) 09 To 84.5 71.6 12.9 7 91 .999 .625 B74 79.8 85.0 71.5 13.5 8 .812 | 30.003 657 046 82.4 86.5 73.8 12.7 9 .825 .020 673 347 85.7 89.0 75.7 13.3 10 828 030 | .676| .354 | 88.3 | 92.4 | 760 | 16.4 11 818 014 664 300 90.5 95.5 76.8 18.7 Noor, .900| 29.990! .654| .336 | 92.0 | 967 | 780 | 187 si WPA! .962 623 339 93.4) 98.8 78.6 20.2 2 741 927 ool 996 94.1 100.0 79.0 21.0 3 bl .903 .565 338 94.2 100.5 81.5 19.0 4, 694 874 O19 .009 93.1 99.4 83.0 16.4 5 .689 .866 532 a4 $16 98.0 82.6 15.4 6 695 875 043 332 89.2 94.7 81.6 13.1 7 715 893 O71 322 86.3 91.0 78.9 12.1 8 740 .903 592 oll 84.8 89.0 78.0 11.0 9 764 .922 609 013 83.7 86.5 77.3 9.2 10 178 .952 642 310 82.3 85.5 75.5 10.0 11 176 986 .625 ol 81.7 85.0 76.2 8.8
The Mean Height of the Barometer, as dikewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several
hours during the month.
XXX
Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, en the mouth of April 1872.
Max. Solar radiation.
Date.
) 16 143.4
17) 140.0 18) 141.0
19 20
142.0 143.8
21) 146.5
22 23
145.0 144.5
24 25
141.0 141.3
26 27
139.0 141.8 28) 142.4 29) 144.0
30) 140.2
Solar Radiation, Weather, &e.
ae _. WInp. 25-3 Bh ce 5394 o by “ae S Prevailing K 5 a 8 Ha direction. Ss é A = as A, = Inches tb | Miles ap S& N 4 138.8 Variable 4.0 | 121.5 0.02 W & W N W 99.1 SSW & SW 0.7 | 124.9 SS W ig Ine Ooe SSW &S by W 228.3 wv. (Sby W&S 8S W} 1.0 | 238.0 0.05 S&SS W 11.2| 315.8 0.28; SE&SS W 238.3 if. S&S by W 1.2 | 205.1 S&S by W 2.4, | 351.5 Sby W,SSW&S) 1.0} 366.9 sid S&S by W 153°) Sv 0.73 Sby W &S 1.9 | 208.3 SSW &S byW | 1.3} 267.7
General aspect of the Sky.
Bto 6 a.m.,\ito2 p.m. Bto 5 Pp. M., \ito9 Pp. M.S to llp. m.
Chiefly \a. High wind from 9+ to 10 p. mM. Lon S between 10; to ll P. m.
O to 2. A.-M... \i-& AS toe: M., ~1 to 5P.M.Btoll P.M. T, L & Slight R at midnight.
\n1 to 3 a.m. Bio lt Bom
B to 2.4. M., “1 & Soi 6 7 A M. B to 12 a. m., clouds of dif- ferent kinds to 11 Pp. mM.
Bto6a.M., \ito 104. mu. B to 2 p. m., clouds of different kinds to 11 P. m.
Bto6a.m., “itollp. mu. L between 8&9 &10&11 Pp. Mm.
Chiefly “i. Strong wind be- tween 33 to 33 p. Mm. T from 2% to 53 p.m.Light Rat 33,43 &62P.m.
Clouds of different kinds. T & Slight R between 4 & 5p. M.
Bto5 a.m., clouds of different kindstoll p.m. LonNE at7 &
8 P. M.
Chiefly B.
Scuds from 8S by W to 9 a. m., Btol1l vp. m.
Scuds fromS &Sby Wto 9 a.m. “1 to 7 p..u., Sto ll pace from 72 to 10 P. M.
Sto 7 4.mM., Wi to 11 P. wa from 8 to 11 p. um. T at 83 & 10 p. M. Rat 10P. m.
Mi to'1l2 a. m.,.%1 ‘to 7) Pag Btoll p.m. Lat 8 & between 10 &1l p.m.
Ni Cirri,—i Strati, ~i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ni Cumulo-strati, \w_i Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, 8 stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R. rain, D drizzle.
Meteorological Observations. XXX1
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor Geueral’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of Aprit 1872.
Monruyuy Rxrsvuuts.
Inches
Mean height of the Barometer for the month _.., ».. 29.760 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 10 a. M. on the Ist. — ... 30.080 Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 4 P. M. on the 25th. ... 29.519 xtreme range of the Barometer during the month vo oni, OLSOEE Mean of the daily Max. Pressures ie es se erro ae Ditto ditto Min. ditto nae ». 29.684 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month ens nan Oehay fe)
Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month 4 i wae) Oinh Max. Temperature occurred at 3 y. M. on the 10t h. ah wm £005 Min. Temperature occurred at 7 a. M, on the 1st da test,” eee Hatreme range of the Temperature during the month Sie yeas ou Mean of the daily Max. Temperature _... ee is ites DSN Ditto ditto Min. ditto, ee vee Oe Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month .., bd, eee Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month ree i Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 7.9 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month aha yh ona Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew- -point seen, ce Inches.
Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month See ove vee” OLZSL
Troy grain.
Mean Weight of Vapour for the month ae Sie
Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation ... 4.43
Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.65
Cy)
Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month .., »» 142.3
Inches.
Rained 10 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours vee on “One
Total amount of rain during the month we Joao Total amount of rain indicated by the igi attached to the anemometer
during the month .. 1.36 Prevailing direction of the Wind ans “8. S. W, i by W.&S.
* Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground,
XXX NMeteorologival Observations.
ot "UO THY ra 2 7% Dake - aa ke = “M*CU'N ws “uO ULE 5 © “AA "NON pie: ~~ Te ie ERE SST ee 1 re) uo UY SRE ENED Re AY AYE | ge & 4 “Mm a} oa 4 ue =) -__* —_———— ND —_ ad 2 : "dO TIBI SS > oO edie ~ . . . re ei Sc oo ce | SS = Ss ‘uo wey fp aa = @ 43 wg AA a AR a ae = I 23 2... ‘U0 WIR A oh. © * =~ Tale Syl), | ea tina, Lae el RR TAR PN I See 2, Ss = 7% tal SAK RAMAN MON NAA 8S = —— -———-——_ ~ ee S 2 & [vo wey : _ ~~ " 3 “7 * ‘S <q y ne re pide NAN ra rs; a w "uO UILYAT aa ‘- = - eee eee i SE ee ee Ef ia ert en i ee “MSM a RMR NANAANAAN el io] fe} | . SS i ee eae aire GT oT no ee Ge Eo ee ees th 3 = "MS a AANNAR MOWN CO MO Aaa AAAS oO 4 nw _ : S ‘UO TRY Me _ or ™M eS a LF a SS ‘a 5 a) MOA CO AACMNMNMrONROO & a, a MS $s eS ee SRS Se onl reir S 5 .2 | ‘uo ueny a ae 8 Em |mdqcg] © ChORR GROTH H GC OGCHWOSSCOWOBANS S 6 eens eee SS) AS zoho eee ee BS ee Pa fF ‘uO ule abe el oO | Oo WOBCAaRERAN © A WOMODOwWMCOWS ea Sb molnren ae s om 88 la dqsglee aan = AN AOI OAAA 3S » & oo bao UIey a s 5 “to & ied Be oF Sas eee sO Ls a ahs ae ~ os °F, “a * . ir} | re et ret mA RAM MH OO a, jes| [as] 4 : o 7s S_ Ss. AS S & sw & | -uo ury je sS ia cs jo) See — _ So C4 a —'S aoe mo ANAATANAAS a“ 2 4 BS ~ a I “GO UY u 2 : 3S “T's TT ae | s goo | ‘uo wey Sa i Bd a > | ‘Ss 44 “a = a hee 8 iy we "uO Ul8y o oO “oT qo se es - =~ oS ‘UO UIRyY = od w Aq ‘or ae = = (t peax Sse Ty ee eee S CS | Memes oe tui) et ine ee (| ay ‘a °N a = a a “uo WIR Hi = Ne itlcand -d: < 3 "aN a ee ~~ Gy = ee ~ Bp 9 SIN e! cl) SS ee ee x re ro Ss ‘8 8 | a'N'N S Ee NS —_——— % | “UO ULBYY Fhe © 43 |—-- = & 2 5 | ‘a4q'n = o ‘UO ULY4T Ss <— anc, Sar = x aaa . "N 3 4 Th Hy Os 7 a S = 5p | > = ‘Ba ANMAMORDGROHW FS HANAMAMOPRDHOR os = i are z =e] a) A = A '
Meteorological Observations. XXXL
istract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations | taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta,
im the month of May 1872. iliatitude 22° 33’ 1” North. Longitude 88° 20’ 34” Fast.
Bightof the Cistern of the Standard Barometer above the sea level, 18.11 feet. Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements
t. dependent thereon. as. tange of the Barometer Be Range of the Tempera- |ees during the day. eae ture during the day. | ee bo ® Oe, He By tri a As a gy qs | so°> | Max. | Min. Diff. aie Max?.} Min. Diff. S = @ si oo _ | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. to) 6) fe) Oo 29.751 | 29.810 | 29.680 0.130 86.8 95.0 81.0 | 14.0 155 812 673 139 86.4 95.0 79.5 | 15.5 764 825 .688 137 86.9 95.8 80.4 | 15.4 767 854 .685 169 87.6 |° 95.4 82.0 | 13.4 700 783 605 178 88.0 96.5 82.2 | 14.3 .630 .688 O31 157 87.6 95.3 82.3 | 13.0 591 651 A476 175 87.7 96.35, (F957) 16:8 O73 .630 ATE 154 86.5 94.7 To.07) 1G 561 621 490 151 85.2 | $5.5 (hope Ne 544, .610 488 122 80.5 87.0 74.8 | 12.2 617 ARE 596 161 82.1 $0.2 75.0-| 15.2 691 183 613 170 86.6 86.0 49.0) 16.5 179 .862 698 167 86.8 96.7 78.5 | 18.2 755 .850 651 199 87.2 37.8 78.5 | 19.3 .676 124 571 153 88.2 96.0 S102): 13.0 .649 708 583 122 87.4 96.5 80.5 | 16.0 648 128 595 133 83.9 92.1 77.6 | 14.5 sooL 756 627 129 82.1 90.2 76.0 | 14.2 674 732 .619 118 85.3 94.0 76.5 | 17.5 .685 785 580 205 85.6 98.4) 76.4 | 22.0 .670 742 582 160 84.2 92.2 (6.0 | 1o.F 645 01 586 116 84.8 96.4 79.0 | 17.4 631 .680 564 126 87.8 $8.3 78.8 | 19.5 641 £730 566 164 87.7 97.8 Cit |” 20.1 643 707 561 | 146 86.8 95.4 79.6 | 15.8 562 611 ADA, 117 89.5 98.0 83.0 | 15.0 547 598 483 115 90.6 101.3 83.4 | 17.9 578 .6356 512 124, SES, 100.2 84.7 | 15.5 .633 697 571 126 89.9 $9.0 84.5 | 14.5 .640 699 577 122 90.1 98.6 84.2 | 14.4 .619 674 046 128 90.0 99.5 83.4 | 16.1
! ‘The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb hermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the ey vera hours during the day.
XXXIV Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of May 1872.
Daily Means, &e. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued.)
~ ' a GH . al . woe 5 3 Spe ba! oH | Ss tee. = E 5 A = fu | Bos BSS. Ay © x ee bb e.g lel z= : : 5 = 38 | SEE Be Date| © 2 5 a Ss 3 mae = ee 28 Sf] 8 ) 818, | 48) so sae Pat @ | £2 | 68 | #3 1 ES | See e ES es S =a a4 \) 2s fee oA Ps = Pspy oF Do wes |Sae ales) py ae = SA |S = ° ) ) ) Inchies. } "Tr. hae 5d; F0.0us\- 6.9 75.8 | 110 | 0.876 | 9.33.) 3888.1 O71 21 799 | 6.5 75.3 1 11.1 | .862 19 87 70 3 | 80.3 | 66 76.3 | 106 | .890 Ag 77 72 Al: Ob 762 | 114 887 45 | 4.07 70 5 | 80.8 | 7.2 76.5 | 11.5 896 52 16 70 6 | 812 | 6.4 “7.4 | 10.2 | .929 .81-.| 3.7% 73 Feb. Bleu Ob 77.3 | 104 |~ .919 78 78 72 8 | 803 | 6.2 76.6 9.9 | .899 57 53 73 9 | 799 | 5.3 76.2 9.0 | .887 49 12 75 10.| 77.5 | 3.0 75.4 5.1 c| . 1866 34 ..\ 64 85 li. | 782.4 39 75.5 6.6 | .868 33. | 2.18 81 12). | 805.4 6.1 76.8 9.8 | 905 63 | 3.51 73 13, j,-798 1) 7.0 75.6 | 11.2] 871 27 94 70 14, 79.8 7.4 75.4 11.8 .865 .20 4.17 69 15 | 806 | 7.6 76.0 | 12.2 | .882 37 39 68 ie | 805 | 69 76.4 | 11.0 | .893 51 | 3.94 71 17 Gh V7 Fd © 62 V3.4 dy 1G 4). einen) eee AG 72 1s | 75.8 | 63 vad: WOR el ee 17 34 71 19 | 800 | 53 76.3 9.0 | .890 | 9.52 12 "5 20 eiir ved at. 7p 728 | 128 | .795 | 848 | 4.28 67 oT cer vrae 8S 72.6 |. 1.6cel 200 45 | 8.79 69 OF lee PO ah" BLT 75.1 9.7 | 857 | 9.15 31 73 293 |. 80.3 | 7.5 75.8 | 12.0 | 876 31. |. 4:29 69 24 | 81.1 | 6.6 W771 dx 8O.6ou, 380s 70 | 3.86 72 95 .| 813 | 6.5 78.0 8.8 | .940 | 10.01 20 76 26 | 832 | 63 79.4 | 10.1 983 Al 88 "3 27 81.0 6.6 80.0 10.6 1.001 57 4.19 72 28 83.9 7.0 79.7 11.2 0.992 48 41 70 29 | 82.9 | 7.0 78.7 112-4 .961 18 28 “0 30 82.4 To 77.8 19.3 934 9.89 65 68 31 81.6 | 8.4 76.6 | 13.4 | .899 52 98 66
All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants.
Meteorological Observations
XXXV
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Caleutta in the month of May 1872.
Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements | dependent thereon.
§ ‘33 Range of the Barometer 2 Range of the Te : 4 8 for each hour during a 3s ture for each eee - a the month. D8 during the month. ESS i ee (<= ee fiour. - 2 eS A ; See) Mex. | Min. | Dif. | 25 | Max. | win. | Dig § a a a a j Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. tf) O 0 Oo Mid- night.| 29.666 | 29.850 | 29.565 | 0.285 82.3 86.7 77.0 9.7 PI 658 .833 646 | .287 | 819 | 9862 |. 765 9.7 2 648 .820 544, .276 81.6 86.0 76.0 10.0 3 ere sit 582) «289 | 8i4 | 858 | yee b Jos 4 .638 803 521 .282 81.2 85.5 15.5 10.0 —~=6 651 807 531 .276 81.0 85.0 15.3 9.7 6 .667 196 539 257 81.0 84.7 75.0 9.7 7 686° 814 555 259 82.4 86.0 76.5 9.5 8 701 845 557 .288 85.1 88.8 79.5 9.3 9 709 854 555 .299 87.5 91.4 79.2 12.2 O 709 844, O91 .253 89.5 93.6 75.5 18.1 1 .699 833 563 .270 91.4 96.2 74.8 21.4 Noon. .683 825 525 300 93.2 97.8 78.4, 19.4 . 1 .662 817 532 .285 94.3 99.2 82.0 17.2 2 635 178 514, 264 95.1 100.0 82.5 17.5 eo 3 611 157 507 .250 95:0 |.) 101.38 83.9 17.4 4 590 7AL 476 265 93.9 99.7 80.5 19.2 mm) 586 734 480 | .254 92.4, 97.0 81.6 15.4 p 6 597 739 476 | .263 89.7 95.0 79.0 | 16.0 o 7 .618 51 501 .250 87.3 92.2 79.5 12.7 ~—~8 .649 786 526 .260 85.3 90.2 76.0 14.2 9 .670 .828 548 .280 83.9 88.5 76.4 12.1 10 .679 852 566 286 83.5 87.9 76.8 ii.) 1l 672 .862 573 .289 82.9 87.0 77.0 10.0
The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb ‘Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several
XXXVI Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of May 1872.
Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Coxtinned).
Tr
a as 45 va 5 =m ‘S a ae ~ 8 2 ® 2 E s) gia | = =e a Pom | Ro 8 | ee ee 2 o o ‘o) SH 45 ort $4 teen. Vie < | > E b om Re) 2S eS Bea a 2 5 3 2 #2 |BSS loos Hour. 2. es} e 3 % "OD © rs > es ee op | . \ ¢ - Pee 7° ' |e.) Be eS | Bee 25% = aa 3 Os 2 O |-5 55, 2a =I g Ry q | a A, = 3 = =e a bea og Pa 5 ae) $8 Oo cl o.2 Oo Oo ) Co) Inches..| I. gv. Dee Mid- night.| 78.8 3:6 76.3 6.0 0.890 9.57 2.01 0.83 I ‘ql g 3.2 76.5 5.4 896 65 1.79 84; 2 78.7 2.9 76.7 4.9 902 70 64 86 3 78.5 2.9 160.6 4.9 896 65 .62 86 4, 78.5 2.7. 76.6 4.6: 899 OE 54 86 5 78.5 2.5 76.7 4.3 902 Le AZ 87 6 78.9 2.1 77.4 3.6 922 93 21 89 “ 79.8 2.6 78.0 4.4, 940 10.11 50 87 8 81.0 4.1 7B. 7.0 943 08 2.49 80 9 81.7 5.8 78.2 9.3 94.6 .07 3.42 75 10 81.8 a7. TT 2 i bes § 916 9.71 4.58 68 11 82.2 9.2 Gad. 14.7 902 ol 5.59 63 Noon.| 82.4 10:8 75.9 hy .879 24, 6°66 58 1 82.5 T1.8 75.4 18.9 .865 O07 7.34 55 2 82.2 12.9 74.5 20.6 .840 8.79 8.00 52 3 82.1 12.9 74.4 20.6 .838 Stig 7.97 52 4 81.9 12.0 74.7 19.2 846 88 34, 55 5 81.8 10.6 75.4 17.0 865 9.11 6.43 59 6 8.9 8.8 75.6 14.1 871 21 5.16 64 7 89.1 7.2 75.8 11.5 .876 oF 4.10 .69 8 79.5 5.8 75.4 9.9 865 24 3.40 Ts 9 79.1 4.8 75.7 8.2 873 .36 ia “eg 10 79.1 4.4, 76.0 6 882 45 55 79 31 79.0 3.9 76.3 6.6 890 oO 24 8k
All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants.
Meteorological Observations. XXXVI
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Culculta, wm the month of May 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &c. - (ae eee
Prevailing General aspect of the Sky.
dir ection.
Max. Solar radiation. Groun
Rain Guage 13 ft. above Daily Vv :
Date. Max Pressure
(a>)
© xn
oe ie} a Star sy
oO 1| 146.8 aS by W, SSW&s B.to2 a.m. “ito4 Pp. M. \i to8p.m.S toll p.m. Brisk wind from 10 a. mM. to 8 Pp. M. S&S by W «| 207.8 | \G&@ Ni toa. mw. Antes, p.m. Btollvp.m. L.on N. W. at 8 Pp. M. SbyW&S | 0.8/ 140.6} Bto2a.mM.\ito7 a.m. 71 to 5 p. m., clouds of different kinds to 11 vp. m. Brisk wind from 2 to 54 ep. M. L from 7§ to 9 Pp. M. S.SSW &S by W| 0.5/195.9| ~ito2r.m. Btoll p.m. Brisk wind from 9 a. M., to 5 P. M. Sby W & SS W| 1.9/ 252.1} Bto3a.m. i to6 a.m. \aito9 a.m. “ito3 Pp. mM. 8, to 11 p. mM. Brisk wind from 8 A. M. to 63 P. M. S&Sby W | 2.0]312.2| Stola.m. Bto4da. m. Scuds to 1l a. mM. “i & i to 5p. m. O to 1l vp. m. Brisk wind from 8 a. m.to7 p.m. T from 52 to 7 p. M. Lon E from 7 to9 P. m. D at 634 P. M. S&Sby W | 2.7) 338.8| Sto2 a.m. Seuds to1P. M. Bto6p.m.8 to ll p.m. Strong wind nearly the whole day. L ef 2&3 a.m. & from 7 to 10 .M. D at 82 P. M. °g\140.7| ... |SSE, Sby W&8 0.5) 406.7 ey to 6 a. M. Seuds to 10 a. : M. 1 tO 3 PB. M..O 00 Lhe, ee Brisk wind from 4 to 105 a.m. T from 53 to7 p. M. L from 6 toS8p.mM.Dat6&7P.M ‘a E ... |102.8| Sto64. Mm. “1 to 3 P. M. oe he Buy ef io 7p. wm, B to 1 eee between 2¢ & 3 P. M.
2\ 144.5
3) 149.5
4) 149.0
5) 142.0
6) 141.0
7| 143.8
500 Lge eS ee a a ee ee loa B ; ae : ; : : : , ere nm
\i Cirri,—i Strati, “i Cumuli, Wi Cirro-strati, i Cumulo-strati, —1 Nimbi, \.i Cirro-cumuli, B clear, § stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, R rain, D drizzle.
XXXVI
Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations: taken at the Surveyor Geueral’s Office, Calcutta, an the mouth of May 1872
|
es o vo Sq ane .| 790/82 AE ar 5] . a | “3! S| 23 (2&6)
ou SS
Ale oe |
Solar Radiation, Weather. &e
WIND.
Prevailing direction.
E.
Ee) SE & variable.
12}1415}; .. | ESE&SSW
13°148.0| ... | SW&SS 14,149.0! ... |[SSW&Sby W
WwW
16°148.6; ... ISSW&S by W
16 141.8) 0.08
17 144.0
a
SSWé&s
Variable.
[Sw 18 128.0) 0.58 WNW,SSW2&11.8
Max Pressure)
3.6
1.4
| Daily
|
ov
or & | Velocity.
| 115.7
69.0
167.2 174.3
268.1
290.5
179:0
General aspect of the Sky.
| Btob a. M.S i094 Oo to 3 Pp. Mw. \vto FP. Mw: EB te 1] p.m. Strong wind from 9} to 92 a.m. T & R from 93 to ll a.m. & at 3 Pp. M.
Bto5 a.m. 8S to 8 aA. M.\i to4p.mM.Stoll vp. m. Brisk wind from 8 to 8} a.m. Le from 8 to 11 Pp. Mm.
Bto6a. mM. \Wi to 9 A.M. 1 to 1) py .-B to 4 Bm. Seuds to 7 p.m. Otoll P. mM. es wind & Light R at 83
.M. Lat midnight & from 8: i 10 p. M.
Chiefly “iL from 8tol0P.m.
O to'9 a. mw. \ni to? Pp. mu, Btoll p.m. L at midnight. 1 & 3 -A. Me
B to8a.m. \ito 9 P. My O toll p. m. Brisk wind at 21 p.m. L from 73 to 11 P. M. T coer to Ll pis. Dat7 P. M.
0 to 2A. M. \uto 12 alm,
“i to3 p.m. \i &S toll p.m.
Brisk wind from 103 a. m. to: 44 p.m.TL & Slight R atmid- night & 1A. M.
Ni to 4-4. M. \w1 to 8a. a to.3@. Mm. Ot. Ee pram. Brisk wind from 11% to 12 a. m. T from 3 to 5 vp. m. L from 8itolly.m. Dat 4& 103 p.m.
\nl bO°O 4. Me SE tone ak ee
O to 2 p.m. \i to 6 p.m. O to ll p.m. Strong wind & L. & R.
from 74 to 8¢ p.m. T at8 P.M.
Ni Cirri,—i Strati, >i Cumuli, i Cirro-strati, »5_i Cumulo-strati, Wi Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning
R. rain, D drizzle.
Meteorological Observations.
XX XIX
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations
taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutla,
an the month of May 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &c.,
Date.
“20
21
123 D4,
\a Cirri —i Strati,
Max. Solar radiation.
fo)
142.3
144.0
137.5
148.0
142.5 144.9
143.0
143.5 147.0 145.0 143.0
143.5 144.2
0.12;WSW&SW 2.1
S&SSW S&Sby W | 5.8
S&S by E
SSE,S&S8 by E
R rain, D drizzle.
1 Cumuli,\-1 Cirro-strati, ‘Ai Cirro-Cumuli, B clear, 5 stratont, O overcast,
Se WIND. a aro aa’ Prevailing H 5 ope Se) direction. Sg 5 a | a c = = Inches 1b | Miles. SW&SSW | 0.3 | 174.0 0.59| W,S&NW | 4.4] 184.9 Variable. 3.6 | 189.1
104.3
143.7 Wi 2
193.0
201.4 184.4 196.5 203.8
182.2 291.2
ar_i Cumulo-str
General aspect of the Sky.
Sto2a.m. Bto8a.m.%i to 8re.m.O to 11 P.m. L. from 74 tolder. M.
Btolv.m. ito 5 P. 4. O to 11 p.m. High wind from 8} to 82p.m.T & L from 5} to9 Pp. mM. Slight R from 6 to 10} p.m.
O10 54. 0. “Pio Ae ‘ito 8 p. Mm. B to ll Pp. m. High wind at 2¢ A.M.
Bto 10 a.m. “i to 3 P. uw. O to 7p. M. Btoll p. Mm. Brisk wind from 4 to 44 Pp. M. T at 4 p.m. Slight R at4&65 p. m.
Btoll a.m. Alito 4P. M. Bto 8 p.m. \Witoll F. M.
\.itol a.m. BIZa.m. “1 6 p.m. O to 11 Pp. m. High wind from 8? to 9} P. M. L from 8 to 10 p.m. T & Slight Rat9&10P. M.
Sto4a.M. -ito8a.M. “i to5 P.M. \i to 7 P.M. B to ll p.m. Lon S W at 8 P. m.
Btolp.m. Ni to7 P. M. B toll Pp. mM.
\i to 6a. Mm. B to 11 a. M. ~jto3Pp. mM. \ito 11P. M.
Btoda. Mm. “i& Ni toll p. Mu. D at 55 P. M.
Btol0 a.m. “i to 7P. M. 1 (01. Poe
Chiefly B.
Chiefly B.
ati ‘w_i Nimbt, T thunder, L lightning,
x] Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of May 1872. “
Monturty Resvtts.
Inches.
Mean height of the Barometer for the month 4 a «. 29.655 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 11 P. M. on the 13th. 29.862 Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 4& 6 ps M. on the 7th& Sth 29.476 Extreme range of the Barometer during the month fea vee” 0.386 Mean of the daily Max. Pressures ae fan iv . wo. 29.023 Ditto ditto Min. ditto Si w. 29.578 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month | be we. 0.145
0
Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month a iva i eos Max. Temperature occurred at 3 ¥. M. on the 27th. eh jc ORS Min. Temperature occurred at 11 4. M, on the 10th : s 74.8. Extreme range of the Temperature during the month Ms : 26.5 Mean of the daily Max. Temperature BS aa at) “OO Ditto ditto Min. ditto, Be is, AO: Mean daily range of the Temperature duri ing the month .., i OES Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month san; sae Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 6.5 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month La Oe Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew- point se) ie Inches.
Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month ee avs sca USUe
Troy grain. Mean Weight of Vapour for the month sstuy eae Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation ... 3.68 Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.72
Oo Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month .., asus aae.0 Inches. Rained 14 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours a » - 0.59 Total amount of rain during the month Ls) po Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemometer during the month es = 1.54 Prevailing direction of the Wind st EF S. by W. &S.S. W.
* Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground,
7
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the 8S. G. O. Calcutta, in the month of May 18
MonrtHiy REsULTs.
Tables shewing the number of days on which at a given hour any particular wind blew, together with the
-
number of days on which at the same hour, when any particular wind was a) it rained.
Meteorological Observations,
TTL UCN Uleyy,
WM 4q'N
“UO ULBYY
_M NN | ‘uo wey |
“MN I
a
*M° NM ‘uo Uley
“N Aq" ‘uo WIRY
“M
“uo ie ed
Pg kq My
‘uo ULByT
xli
SS i poo a nn a = a
"M‘S"M U0 Wey
“M 'S
‘uo UIez
pos S>
“uo atl
‘UO ULB
‘S
=
ec MRANANTRAAAA eR
2
ae RR ANAM MOOA
ba IN DINO D1 NDD DO A br bb HD 2 2 10 10 HO +
re
~_~ —
8 9 8 8} 9 fi 14 9 3 4, 6 9
n AOADNDOSSODOD~ — ce _
"uO UIeY
ca 4q ‘sg
‘UO UIBY
‘UO WIRY
‘uo Uley
‘uO ULVY
‘a
‘uo Uleyy *N Aq “7 ‘UO UIVIY ‘AN “A ‘UO Ue
“dN "U0 ULB YY
7 NN
"UO ULSI ma 4q NL
“WO URI
*N
‘uO Ue “HS
mn
AAANAMA GH O70 NI 8 10 AUD
3
MDAAM MAR ant
4 1
Co |
No. of days. |
ONAN
1
Se eS oe Bi oe ee ee
1
ANQAAAH re Lome)
oo ANA HAN
a no- HAN FmOOrDS Ses
cd eo AAI FQ OM DAD
Mid night
: si ns hin ole ide til ham
; = Peg ce Sa e cre ‘ital Dl afar meyer aled -
ey & Wigs
=: baie ay ‘ya
VE
‘ We es t > Tr = > ae am - ~~ n 16 fo ae | : te er . — er = J _ Ve es Shee 2 =~ pe 4 4 at 4 +e nv . > | i¢— 4 vie + ish . ere : 1 : y ' = ie, + 68, 1 Sea Tee : . ing lb v att 4 * - emg yi ge eae pe ‘ oie i til ae iad en sacred De Gi . a ae gh 7 ; id : 7 - te - * ee) b a fe 5 te Li *
i aepae
eas,
3
rea 7 are" | , alee ae fisheye ean = .
Sexi
i Yee
ae —_ a :
.
if
wd
t
wait
Meteorological Observations, xl Abstract of the Results of the Ffourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Caleulla, in the month of June 1872.
Latitude 22° 33’ 1” North. Longitude 88° 20’ 34” East. Height of the Cistern of the Standard Barometer above the sea level, 18.11 feet.
Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements. dependent thereon.
Cay | | | 8 _ | Range of the Barometer = ze | Range of the T empera- ie during the day. FA & | ture during the day. ee he | So. | Max. | Min. | Dif. | $4 | Max. | Min. | Dift ke] fl aa | al ma | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Oo | j.24 Od 0 1 | 29.639 | 29.681 | 29.584 | 0.097 | 89.5 | 982 83.0 | 15.2 2 621 681 563 AIS. S8c7 96.0 83.2 | 12.8 3 626 695 | .554 141} 88.9 66.3 83.0 | 13.3 4, 643 708 | 094 7 114 89.3 95:7 84.0 | 11.7 8. 650 -708 556 152 | 87.4 95.4 TG.,), 19:1 6 656 705 089 116 | 86.6 94.8 ‘ice 176 vA 664 705 | @ 622 Gas; 87.8 94.6 82.5 | 12.4 8 670 129 O74 185 | 87.8 95.5 49:02), 16.0 9 684) 764 611 153 | 85.0 90.2 80.0.| 10.2 10 679 740 | O99 Pabee $6.1 91.9 80.0 | 11.9 eo .602 664 | 529 135 84.1 | 92.3 Title) eee 12 573 623 oll 114 81.8 | 85.5. | 77.5 | 8.0 13 591 646 549 Oa7,| 63'3 <b. 9L0n G7 OOe ete 14 686 738 | 680 4108:; 80.0 <b 84.9.) (765,)° 84 15 743 199 | \.678 13t:| $3.3 <b 695.) Wiaobae 16 .748 795 661 134-| 85.8 -; 97.5 81.2 | 10.3 17 666! .735| .591| .144/] 86.7 | 92.6 81.8 | 10.8 18 607 .670 533 137 85.3 | 92.6 78.0, |, ¥4.5 19 .606 663 000 .M0O'| 86.6 93.2 <.} 79.0 .|, 14.2 20 612 .670 LL 156 87.9 95.0 | 82.0 |, 13.0 21 579 667 522 145 84.8 89.0. | 80.8 8.2 22 502 599 441 118 82.8 $3:u | 80.5 | 5.5 fan). 6-4ae f- || .5O7 378 129 | 83.8 8).0 | 80. 8.2 24, 388 443 806 Laie), SA OOO a. | 81.0 9.8 25 .329 B61 251 14G,| 83.5.4 90.2, 4. 'B1,9)). Bia 26 287 dol 231 100:| 83.8) 88.8; % 81.0 7.8 27 .299 304 .206 93; 84.2 89.0. | 80.8 8.2 28 19 .309 281 088.| 82.1 86.0 19.4 6.3 29 ee aye | 312 |. .100:) 80.7.) 84.0 79.0 | 5.0 30 Bod 397 274 123 | 81.8 85.0 79.6 | 65.4
ic Dry and Wet Bulb
The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise t Thermometer Means are derived, from thie hourly observations, made ab the several hours during the day.
xlili Meteorological Observations. Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations duken at the Surveyor Geunerat’s Office, Caleutta, tn the month of June 1872.
Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—( Continued)
Tr
e - Cyd . Cy . a. ia 2 é | ae ae 3 eH | Shs tes. a = 5 A 2 os | Be edees mS o 33 ait On s M4 en o = -Q © | a as SEI SR Oo; 2S len | 3 ae ee 3 © oo Ee oS | oS tp Date.| a > | Ss A ¥e e "En © at cs a 2 ae °° 2 2 fe So Ay oS.) 8 ae ee [Fe] 2 | 2 | a8 | #2 | &S | bee os ari 4 ort 3 > +> ¢ 3 I g po | Be | 82 (epee = A o 5 = a |< = | Oo 0) 9) Tnelies.;) “T..er. 4 “Pee. 1 | 818 7.7 "7.2 12.3 | 0.916 | 9.71 4.58 0.68 2 | 80.9 7.8 76.2 12.5 ‘887 Al 5D 67 3s | sis | 76 | vey). 1227 |° 909) “Bec | o e “Sa a ee "7.9 | IL4 | .937 94) 70 5 | 80.8 6.6 76.8 | 10.6 905 |* .61 3.84 7 6 | 81.0 5.6 17.6 9.0 928 .89 25 75 a, $08 7.0 76.6 11.2 899 56 4.04 | .70 8 | 80.0 7.8 75.3 12.5 862 16 AA, .67 9 | 81.1 | 3.9 78.4 6.6 952 | 10.17 2.36 81 pes): B10) GA 774A 8.7 922 | 9.83 3.12 16 Mt 602 3.8 77.6 6.5 .928 93 2.28 81 12 | 79.3 2.5 77.5 4.3 925 96 1.44 .87 13 | 79.9 3.4 77.5 5.8 925 92 2.01 83 4 78.5 1.5 97.4 2.6 .922 95 0.86 92 15 80.3 3.0 78.2 5.1 946 | 10.15 1.78 85 16 81.9 3.9 79.2 6.6 976 Al 2.42 81 | 17 82.0 | 47 792.-|. 7s 976 39. 79 79 18 81.3 4.0 48.5 6.3 955 21 3 81 19 81.4, 5.2 78.3 8.3 949 nS 3.02 B44 20 | si9 | 60 | 7a3 | 96%) pio) Were]. ape] ie 21 | Ste 2.9 79.6 4.9 989 58 1,977 86 22 81.0 1.8 79.7 3.1 992 .66 09 91 23 81.4 2.4 79.7 4.1 992 63 AT 88 24 81.8 3.1 79.6 5.3 989 58 91 85 2% | 819 | 1.6 80.8 27 | 1.027 | 11.00 00 92 26 | 81.8 2.0 80.4, 3.4 014 | 10.87 23 90 27 | 81.5 2.7 79.6 | 4.6 | 0.989 58 .66 86 28 80.0 2.1 78.5 3.6 955 20 24, 89 29 79.2 1.5 78.1 2.6 943 16 0.88 92 30 | 79.7 2.1 73.2 3.6 946 RY; 1.23 89 v
All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants.
Meteorological Observations xliv Abstract of the Resulis of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Culeutta, iz the month of June 1872.
Hourly Means, &c. of the Obseryations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.
Range of the Barometer for each hour during the month.
Range of the Tempera- ture for each hour during the month.
| Min. | Dif
ght of eter at
ev
Thermometer.
Hour.
32° Faht.
Max. Min. Diff. Max.
Mean Dry Bulb
Mean Hei the Barom
Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. ) Oo Oo bs
Mid- ; night.| 29.580 | 29.783 | 29.284 | 0.409 | 822 | 85.7 | 77.2 8.5 1 Geet) 261| 509 | 821 | 85.7 | 97.8 7.9 2 Gea) 769 | 238.| 521 | 82.0 | 85.5 | 78.0 75 3 Sit ei) || 280 | «(404 '| S8L8 | 85.2 | 77.5 "7 4 ‘542 | 727 | .229| .498 | 81.7 | 85.0 | 77.5 7.5 F eee) ee |. «242 | «501 || «81.6 | 85.0 | 77.3 77 6 coy | van || 2497) 499 | 81.7 | 85.5 | 77.0 8.5 vs 583 759 .269 .490 82.8 86.5 77.0 9.5 8 594 778 .279 499 84.5 88.5 76.5 12.0 9 604 795 281 514 86.6 91.0 ie: 1337 10 .603 795 281 514 87.9 93.0 78.0 15.0 i} 098d 793 213 .520 88.9 95.5 78.5 17.0 582 75 274 501 89.4, 97.0 79.0 18.0 me cs mS 763 | .249| .516 | 89.8 | 982 | 817 | 165 2 O40 738 240 498 89.8 97.5 82.0 15.5 3 521 716 Bri?) .478 89.9 97.2 82.0 15.2 4, 503 .700 .209 491 89.5 95.6 81.5 14.1 5 .500 .689 .206 483 88.1 94.2 79.0 15.2 6 .509 710 200 AT7 86.9 92.5 a 5 15.0 7 .538 .750 .256 494, 85.0 89.8 18.2 11.6 8 .000 .767 .276 A91 83.7 88.5 77.8 ty 9 .569 .780 .296 484 82.9 87.4 ioe sii 10 RaW | .796 304 A492 82.5 86.5 76.3 10.2 1l 076 499 297 602 82.2 86.0 17.2 8.8
The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several
hours during the month.
xlv Meleorological Observations. Abstrack of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations faken at the Surveyor Genera’s Office, Caleutta, in the month of June 1872.
Tlourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Contineed).
jape eee ie To P Rn te eer cl & re eee i oo. |) el A S eS | Ses its is pa eee) ae é SS | Sa le me 3 3 ge |on gs ! tee aes 8 2 B= EES loos tlour.) A 3 re eS} B re a te oat 4 Ss be 2 ze = Ce: OS | See ee eee es $ > Ba) BS 2S eee ee | g& a A= Ba ge 8ag' l8bq i o ‘Se i FO o>, o iss] oa io) oS isi A Q oy | aes = hoe | Ss -n et a = | | | | | | oar) Reg eee @ L0, Inches, >). pr el ee | | Mid- | | | night.| 80.0 | 22 | 785 | 3.7 | 0.955 | 10.27 | 127 ‘| 0.89 Li] 80.0} 2tiet Peeks 136. [ 26a) | age.) | eee g-) 799°| 2let 784) 3.6 | 990] \9s)"|. ae) eee é 799 A 105 ah! 786 hb” 38 9581-32. |" Ae ee 4 | 79.9 $Sack %3.6-) Blyo .Bo80 “BR ean QL 5 | 799k 17: 4 787 29 |; 96. i35-'| ool ee te 6 | 80.0 L7G “488 2.9 064..| 288) BGaol eae 7c) SOSA Wael 3G O76! 4S s 1.28 &9 6 | 813-32) h79.lul 64 1: bys) 4ee) eGommenem 9 | SLs | 48° | 78.9 ei 967 | - (3007) Pea a ie Ws) eee SW ie ees, Oa eae 964 | 26 3.39 Wiss 11 | 824 | 65 | 785 | 10.4 955 Ald a> 386 72 | * | | | | i Noon.| 82.5 | OD. <b) FBidg el” 10.004)) ARR o |) name ate, awh i 92.7) 1 PL Aas FOm le Ui dAnel* See OG: \) - Bd 70 2 82,40.) Sede fh FBO: vty 21.8 940 G.95= | 47 69 3 | 822 |' 77> |} 77.6 12.3 | .928 83 1 A Eee i | BLO ge 7.6 ols 77.3 4° 1290)" oie yo ee) me 68 5 | sta 67. |. 774 | 107.1 gapels bapa) came) nem 6 81.0 | 5.9 7.5 | 94 925.7] 186 BO 74 7 | 80.4 | 4.6 79:2 7.8 DEAE! 2.74 78 8 | 801 3.6 77.6 6.1 .928 95 12 82, 0 |. 78 } Sa -4 Fe 5.3 928 faye 1 dee 85 10 | 708 | 27 | 779 | 46 .937 | 10.06 58 86 M1 | 798 | 24 | 781 | 41 |] .948 14 | 40 .88 | | | |
| | -
———— —— = a —
All the Hygrometrical clements are computed by the Greenwich Constants. -
Meteorological Observations, xlvi Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Culeutla, in the month of June 1879.
* Solar Radiation, Wea ther, &e. ; : = —EE ae ALS IRAE Sn nC SESS SSC ees H 3 | BE WInp. oa jes See ree Os |&'as eee. 2 Gdnetal : | wa) By a> | tr as 3 ee 22 ol" Prevailing 4 = -g General aspect of the Sky. oO as Res SS yz rv) Si a is | direction. mtg | A = Al ae face ee ir tee |
Inches
es — co (oy) Or
50 ism he = = Pe
bo — be = Nw ©
S&S by W B.to5a.m., \ito7 pu. B to 1l p.m. Brisk wind from 123 | A. M. to 6 P. M.
mbeg8). |... S&Sby EH 2.0 | 336.5 | B.to7a.M., “itole. mu. Bto 1] P. M. Brisk andl from 82 a.m. to 74 p.u. L between 7 & 8p. M. SE! he a nr Sby E&S 2.8; 336.5; S to2 a.m. Bto7 a.m,
| to ll a.m. Bto6 p.m. Stoll | p. M. Brisk wind from 9} 4. m., to 63 p.m. LonN at 8p. m.
4) 142.5}... -SbyE&S 1.4) 345.3) \i to 8 a. w.,ito3B p.m
| \i to 6 p. mM. B to ai P.M. Brisk wind from 87 A. M., to 43 p.m. : 5) 141.8] 0.38; S&Sby W | 2.0/ 380.9] \ito2a.m., seuds from Sto 10 | A.M. “itol p.m. Bto 4p. mw. Oto 7 lip. M. ee wind from 73 4. M. ito 52 Pp. M., T & L from 7 to 10 | P.M.,91 iehtR from62tollp.., 6) 141.8) ... ISby W,S&SbyE! 0.8) 343.2| Clouds of iiteccak kinds to 9
: A. M., “ito 6p. M.S to 11 P. m. L at 8 & ll P. mM. 7| 144.0}. 5. S&SbyE 0.8; 293.9 |. Sto2 a.m, VWiteIOal we, Wi
to 8ep.m. Btollp.u. Lon N N W at 8p. m. 8, 141.4} 0.07 SbyE&8 1.8; 288.6; B to54.m., “ito7 p.m. O to 1l Pp. M. Brisk wind from 8} A. u., to 6 Pp. Mm. T from 8} to 10 , L from 7 to 10 p. M. ‘Light R nee 8: to ll p. M. 9, 135.0; 0.38) Sby W&S | 0.8/ 318.2; O to lla. M., Wi to 4?.m.B or 2 Pe in at 8 & ll p. mu. ISheht R from 32 to 11 a. m. 10; 140.0} 0.67 Sby E&S 1.0) 212.9; Bto3a.m., Vi tol24.u.§ ito 6 p. mM. Otol) p. m. Brisk iwind from 93 to 11 a. m. T from 5+ to 8 p.m. Lat7 & 8p. m. Slight R at 12; & 1 & from 7} | Ito 9 Pp. M.
\i Cirri,—i Strati, “i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strati, ._i Nimbi, . iE 4 ar = ne \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, R rain, D drizzle.
xvii Meleorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Ilourly Meteorological Observations luken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, ww the month of June 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &e.
eo ee 4 WIND. | "o o) 1s Sy =e —_ ae = ms | ee
he ie. S| wy: S| ob | General aspect of the Sky. © wo leaf Prevailing KB/s 2/88 [3-5] — direction a eee
7 tej § |B Lie / . Sta isa | me) A Nid
a ie aie Ay —
o |Inches lb | Miles
11 138.0 0.40 Sby E&S 9.3) 231.3; OtoYa.m., Wi & 71 to Il | | A.M. Sto 3 p.m. O toll P.M. | Brisk wind from 43 tod p. m. 'T
from 4} to 7 p. mM. L from 43 to 9
| | p. M. Slight R from 43 to 8 p.m.
0.03 Sby E,S W &SSE) ... | 188.0} O to34.m., Wito9 a.m. O
to 3 p. m., clouds of different kinds to ll vp. m. T at 113 a. Mm. LonSat8 p.m. Light R from 10: A. M. to 15-P..M. 13 145.0| 0.64 SSE&S 0.8} 183.0} Sto4a.m., Wito 8a.m.,%1 | | 52 to ll p.m. Slight R at Mid- night &from 4; to 8 & at 10¢P.M. 14,119.65; 3.20; SE&SSE /|0.5/ 222.0) Oto2p.m., i tod p. m., i to 11 pv. m., T from midnight to: | 4a.M. L from midnight to 5a.m. | \ai to 8 Pi Nod Pears ae 5 a.M., Slight Rfrom 3 to6 a. M. 16 142.5) 0.09 SSE&S 0.3 | 169.4| \i to 8 a.m. “1 to OP. My Ni | to ll p.m. Light R at 5 & from 103 to1l2¢a.M. ~
to 3r.m.Otoll p.m. T from R from Midnight to 8 a. m. S&Sby W | 0.8 | 161.2| Nl to 4 4. m., “1 t0 4 Plas NE
| 4to ll p.m. Lat2a.m.. &from | 15 142.7| 0.33|/SSE&S8 by E| 0.4/ 143.6] \itolam. Otol0a.m., ni& 17 148.0 | to7 p.m. Stoll p.m. Lon W
| at 8 p. M. D at 93 a. M. 18 145.0; 0.02 S&SSW 1.2 | 230.8 Sto Pa a0 to'S alae to 3r.m.Otoll p.m. T at 2} & 74 ~.M. Lat 7 p.m. Light R at llia.m.,13 & from 7$to 9P.M.
19/141.0| ... SbyW&S ... | 204.4) “Sito Sam, arto 7 alanis to3Pp.m., \, to1l P.M. 20'146.0; ... | SbyE&SSE|.../ 1581) Sto 64. u., \i tolla.m., | -ito5 p., \_ito lle. m.L from 8tollr.M.
| | “i Cirri,—i Strati, i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, 5_i Cumulo-strati, \W_i Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning
t. rain, D drizzle,
Meteorological Observations.
xlvili
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, an the month of June 1872.
23
24,
28
29 30
Max. Solar radiation.
O 140.0 113.6
131.0
141.0
135.0 137.0
125.0
Guage ft. abo
$ ve f Ground.
tain
Hi Se} ] rte OD
0.45 0.04
0.47
0.13 0.23
Prevailing direction.
Max Pressure
Solar Radiation, W eather,
WIND.
&e.,
General aspect of the Sky.
SE
E&SSE
E by 8, E&SSE
EbyS&SE
E&ESE
ESE&EbyN E&EbyN
EbyN&E
E& Eby N ENE&EbyN
o
1.0
1.9
1.6
2.0
92.3
161.0
214.6
223.5
117.4 207.0
318.0
344.3 380.0
Sto7a.M., -ito4 p.m. Oto7 PM. Wor ie PE ee ae eae IS A.M. 1,45 & 6rm. Lon N W at midnight & 1 a. M., Slight, R at 7, from 10 to 12 4. m., & 42 to 7 pM.
Clouds of different kinds. Light R at 3, 93, 10, 113 a. m., 1&5 Pe. mM.
\1 to 5 «ML, —1 to.8 moe. B to 11 ep. wm. L on S W at 8 p. M. Light R at6, 83, lla. m. 2 Be, 1 & fs P. we
Scuds to 44.M., \ito 8A.M.,Ai to lle. um. Iight R at midnight, 15 12: 4. mM. 1, 23, 42 &53 p.m.
“a to 46 Wt. Gite se A. Brak toll a.m. O toll p. m. T from 123 to 2 p. mM. L from 73 to 10 p. M. RK at 10} from 113 a. m., to 2, at 73, & 10 p. m.
Chiefly O. R after intervals from 22 to 123 a. M.
O to 7 a.M., Ai&\Wi to 7 P. M, \ ito lle.m., Light R at 2, 3, 45, 62 7¢A.M.3 & 113 P.M.
S to 12 a. m. O to 11 Pp. Mm. Brisk wind nearly the whole day. Slight R at midnight, 113,, 122 a. u,, 2, 4, 10 & 105 Pp. M.
O. Brisk wind the whole day Light R after intervals.
Chiefly O. Brisk wind the whole day Slight R after inter- vals.
\i Cirri —i Strati, *i Cumuli, Wi Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strati i Nimbi ° 1 Ay 1¢ ine \ni Cirro-Cumuli, B clear, § stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning,
R rain, D drizzle.
xlix Meleorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor Geueral’s Office, Cadculla, in the month of June 1872.
Monrarty Resuts.
Inclhies. Mean height of the Barometer for the month ie : »», 29.559 Max. height of the Barometer oecurredé at 11 P.M. on the | eh. .. 29.799 Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 5 Pp. M. on the 27th. ... 29.206
Extreme range of the Barometer during the month aan Fait tees Mean of the daily Max. Pressures a igh i .. 29.616 Ditto ditto Min. ditto rs | 1. 29.493 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month ah cme 0.123 oO
Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month sis sid ict Bat Max. Temperature occurred at 1». M. on the Ist. eH svat OB um Min. Temperature occurred at 10 p. Mm, on the 5th aa sth to Due Extreme range of the Temperature during tle month ‘oh ct” ele Mean of the daily Max. Temperature... wo Ny «sh Aa Ditto — ditto Min. ditto, ha ae ee Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month ... ee Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month a cd SBDRD Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 4.2 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month camera Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew- -point vel Inches.
Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month or sie ..0 2 0.940
Troy grain. Mean Weight of Vapour for the month 008 Additional Weight of Vapour required for complet e saturation Je 32,68 Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.80
oO
Mean RMax. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month ie aie SE
Inches.
Rained 22 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours” a a oe Btew
Total amount of rain during the month ; 9.44 Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attac shed to the anemometer
during the month ©... 4 ae os! rok 8.24
Pr revailing direction of the W ind 5 oie &. by H&S, soda
* Height 70 feet 10 inches above cround,.
h /
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the S. G. O. Calcutta, in the month of June 18
MontHiy REeEsvtts. ich at a given hour any particular wind blew, together with the
Tables shewing the number of days on wh
Meteorological Observations,
‘uO UIBY ds £q*N "uO WIRY “MN UN uO WIRY PANN : ‘uO WIR 2 | MN I ~. . eee me § ‘uo uRey e aus ao | NGM is ‘uo ule on = a a KA. = "WO WIRY = (@} = ss |s4q-m n "MO WIN ares @ = —— te ine he E M'S ' = re mete) a i al aa oF a = g | ee ee ee aA i= peepee ah ogee = a = —_ —— “2 “a0 ce i = =< pa 3 = ai Se any a = pr ee = “M § ‘Ss. aay ANH HO Bina a ANA 2 | ‘Go un a4 aa = q Mag: | = SFAAARAAH HOE 46 HAR aS a 4 ‘uO UleY Sal 4 a! 4 i = on ae "g ID ROADDOOCSOAHDH KB ABADHADKRAOO q ————-- e alien iene Sj uo uey | a 4 a aS a ‘a 4q "9 : a SCOORRROMAHA M FAA AMCHANOY > baeee Sis = a ee ia — “UO UIA | Qo aoa a4 AAADMA A 1° weats 2 ss = s a a DO DMNAADMANMNAADNA Hot HHA HODNMOL 2 | is Se ee ee = 5 ~omua yaiT! I a4 a a oot 3 oq "T'S aq Ae See AANA NN A QMANAANSG ig er Sc TT eee s "TO UIeIT a ae. as} aC ie a An Ang A ARONA MAMA nm ois) SS a ‘.. o “uo Uley ooal are ri rea re a “g kq °5 SB SAA ANATAR A aoa AN = 2 : 6 =s =e est "moO UIeyYy ee | a acer re nN ae) oe om) e=| 7 = ANNAN OUI FAR MNAN Spr) eres BS Sa : 8. = uo wiey ase Onan eA re fey | nN = = “7 Aq “a a wamatnonowaqtoa wt A OAHAAN A mea a S "uO WNT | ae oe “tok me ety ~ TN CO a AAA e Ae a pbpbnieble’ nee i — | uo wey See ep UN Sek go Urey | — : o ee o “TON ON oa p ie) ee ee s | -uo uy | == Ss c an in = 2 ewe eo ee ee "uO WIRY el: eens ees ee
_ a x i oie - owe a >, ~ q c ‘ 7 ~~ ~ * bad , >
1 - % i geelieeal = my / e ’ ~~ = ‘ sid ‘ ‘ j if kK e » ‘Pa ‘yy ‘ J % 4 °@ Ey 1 oat s/c Ne Pa 7 p - H f * ‘ y ¢ ~ 1 s al ie ty f - <9 ‘ ms mH. 2 i 4 . > « te 2s ‘ o< . + F 4 * ri 58 Dont fe . s ie Ap: a 4 * oi . ‘ve “ + — ‘ raid tse . ‘ ~ . wad ae 7 ‘ i ‘alee .-" ” A hoe * bs - - : : hs > ye <9 ‘ " in ' + *) . { WG ys “ i‘; : . Baa! wd a = « « t] TY ot \ my - : > | a nets ‘ 4 ayy - a, 3 a :: > 2 ba Ss el ‘ . e ‘ - « , @ ‘ . . - ; *. id - »| av ’ .
fe:
a be
Heieorologica’ Observations. li
Abstract of the LItesnits of the Hourly Meteorological Observations tuken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutla, im the month of July 1872.
Latitude 22° 83’ 1” North. Longitude 88° 20' 34” East. Height of the Cistern of the Standard Barometer above the sea level, 18.11 feet. Daily Means, &e. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements
dependent thereon.
OH ee om Range of the Barometer | 2 u | Range of the Tempera- ot = = during the day. a 5 | ture during the day. = 6 8 | a: | Date. i So Ag i os é o>) | Max. ; Mim. | Dif. S43 | Max. | Min. | Diff. aS an | | | | | | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. re) 0 | 0 | 0 1 29.366 | 29.516 | 29.279 0.237 81.7 85.4 | 79.0 | 6.4 2 545 585 A492 093 80.8 85.5 78.0 | .75 3 614 693 556 Sz 62.1 86.8 79.5 7.3 4, .663 128 605 123 83.1 88.0 79.0 |} 9.0 5 625 669 S6t «.103,| 84.0 89.3 80.4 | 8.9 6 612 653. 554 099 | 84.6 91.0 80.4 | 10.6 “4 .583 .631 506 125 85.6 89.8 81.6 79 8 .530 594 A461 1133 85.9 91.7 82.2 9.5 9 498 553 438 115 | 83.9 91.6 80.5 | 11.1 10 505 | .548 AAD 106:| “833 88.5 80.0 | 8.5 11 539 593 491 102 32.9 87.0 19.5 7.5 12 .5386 .629 652 OL 80.9 64.5 78.6 5.9 13 615 678 .5d0 128 | 84.1 89.5 'Si-4 AO. 14 617 665 see.) 1209 863 | 09:6°% 8hO) He 15 .650 719 607 iz 84.9 | 90.2 82.0 | §.2 16 702 154 633 ma 84.7 -) 90:5 80.5 | 10.0 17 708 750 642 108 | 842 | 88.4 80.7 | 7.8 i8 .6d2 714 589 125 | 82.9 | 90.0 80.5 05 19 560 619 .483 336.\.- 807 | 825-9 Fao se Sy 1 (668 617 522 095.. 80.4. | B87 1 Fee) bl 21 578 608 516 092 | 82.2 86:3 { . Tae 7.8 22 514, TS 438 ey. |. 82a 90.0 | 79.5 | 10.5 23 481 527 428 699 | 82.9 8:3; 1. 4 8.9 24 5I5 579 455 14d | S245) 86:6: 1 s2t ee 25 573 coz.) . 626 08h, | 81.0 $4.8 | 78.8 | 6.0 26 560 605 | 490 116 | 82.9 | 88.3 | 86.0 8.3 ay 4 B19 568 | 404 114} 83.0 | 88.0 "9.5 | 8.5 28 Oo ee, | ae | 107 | 824 | 840 | 81.0] BO 29 566 609 616 094 | 82.8 |} 88.2 | 49.0 | 8.7 30 559 616 490 126 |. 84.0 | 89.0 | 80.5 | 8.0 Eee, 58h) | 475 | | 110 | 88-8 | 88.7 | 795| 9.2
a 5 di The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the
several hours during the dey.
jit Meleorological Observations.
Aistract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations duken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, tw the moulh of July 1872.
Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued)
U - | . Se =a Stet a Bats fog | BS ea ee re | eo - | 2 >So | BS ain ?-2 2 5) 3 & te 4 = i 2s a fg eal Na SE EEE See fa’) | aes | ce = = ies foes Date.| ©. | 8 A i D 0.24 a FECES | S38 a | i =p Sy o4 | 235 oe = 2 = + 6a.4 Abd BS (48 ope oe a 5 oe 2, 7 ae fa [ele Soe Sg by 5 bc oF Sa |ees |saB a A Oo a a = = | Oo | ° | O | rey Fuchs. 2D. pee pa aye La oe 4) 25 | 77.4 4:3 -| 0.922 9.93 1.44 0.87 Bot Ton ft) 254 Fee 3.9 | . 908 78 29 .88 3 | 70.6.) 8.09) Fee 5.3 905 Te 78 .85 4 | 79.4 | 3.7 76.8 6.3 | .905 va 2.15 82 5. | 802 | 3.8 | 77.5 6.5 | .926 .90 27 81 6 | 808 | 88 | 781 6.5 943 | 10.08 ai 81 a. | 812 | 38° | 5"! 65 955 2h 32 82 fe ee) 2 ee | eR Oe a8 64 .80 S| 803%) 30 | 7884 5.1 964 84 1.79 85 ans ed 8 oe ee ae: ae 937 06 Oi | Ba Mee fea) 3 27 Re 916 | 9.85 79 85 9 | 792 | 17 | 780 | 29 -| .94 | 1013 | ©.97 GL 13. | 8099 32 ON FBO: oe 961 3) 4. Ego 84 Mot ala 5.0 8) 8:5 934 {| 9.95 3.07 76 Mer. Si.6 3.3 79.3 |. 806 979 | 10.46: | 1.038 84 16, | 81.2 a6 =| Rr | Se 961 29 | 2.13 .83 17 81.0 32 - | 78.8 5.4 | 964 34 1.90 85 18 | 80.5 2.4 78.8 | 41 964 .36 | 43 .88 19 79.5 1.2 78.7 2.0 961 8 0.67 94 20 | 79.1 | 1.3 78.2 2.2 916 Bil ne 93 21 79.6 | 2.6 Dee Bl 4.4, O34 05 1.49 87 22 30.2 2.5 78.4 4.3 G52 20 49 87 29 80.6 2.3 79.0 3.9 .970 42 7 88 | QI). 1 2.3 78.0 3.9 95d | io 89 2 | 797 OS epaatl alle $8 Ra M4 964, 40 0.74 93 26 | 80.6 ed. 9G ag 970 42 1.37 88 97 | 80.7 yp als Te 69 in 3.9 .973 A5 Od .88 28 $0.5 Lo a, 79.2 3.2 | .976 50 11 90 tS) 80.7 a0 78.4 5.6 | .992 19 .98 84 3] 80.8 3,1 78.6 | ° 6:3 | %958 .28 85 185 .
a Rae | |
All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants.
Meteorological Observations
liz
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General's Office, Calcutta, in the month of July 1872.
Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.
Mean Height of the Barometer at 32° Faht.
Range of the Barometer for each hour during
Max.
Min.
the month.
Daf.
Mean Dry Bulb
Thermometer.
Range of the Temperas ture for each hour during the month.
Max.
Mid- niglit.
RPOCMNOOB Woe
be as
Noon.
OAR WH
Jad beet KFoocan
Inches.
29.586 578 500 556 549
508
570 .085 598 .605
G08.
«600
591 571 549 .530
19
518 531 549 56d
O84
£600:
601
Inches.
29.750 738 125 .708 691 698 Re 737 744i 754 Tdi
73s
Inches.
‘i
hours during the month..
329
309 287
285 279 295 | B15 329 336 B47 366 373"
|
|
Inches.
0.421 429 438 423 412 403 402
408,
A408 407 388 OL
from the observations mac
. i The Mean Height of the Barometer, as Thermometer Means are derived
2) be Gs Go Tho OLN OID OOO
85.5 87.0 | | | ;
-— _—
ee OR i? 2)
}
Min.
likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb le at the several
—-—____.
Diff.
Ww bd
Ornmwwwd Co°
ee ey eee ge i SS © CS rb Bree Oo Www TO SD
-_ —
or SS SC
liv Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Honrly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Caleutta, in the month of July 1872.
Hourly Means, &. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Contineed).
Ti | ty ap | 8 [eee gs eye: Pe) Boe 1 eo eee ee ee | “eS / > | ~ ey = pied Eee LE | ee BO ne co ee
© > ‘ y ue
How! @. | @ BP Meg (be eo | pe |e Bice aR = Bs = bs eas 3:8 |a, 2 |e s | Fe i 2 = S;-| Bs.| BS | seein og | ga Fi es a | @a bt € | israel er 1c ee Be bs 8 Be o. | Se3 eee 1 SF ay 3 | a | se | Sa | ad eo os | | | |
i my ENS ) ° Enches. | 'P. gr. ae gr. Mid- | | night./ 79.6 | 16 78.5 27 | 0.955 | 10.29 0.92 | - 0.92 bop 79a | Ls 78.3 2.6 949 22 88 92 Z| 79:3 1.4 78.3 2.4 .949 24 80 93 a .| 79.2 1.2 78.4 2.0 952 a1 67 94 Av) 79a |- ne 78.3 2.0 949 24 67 94 5 79.0 il 78.2 1.9 946 21 63 94 6-|" 79.4 ia 78.3 1.9 949 24 64 94 7 | 79.6 1.5 78.4 2.6 952 26 .89 92 8.1 + 80.0 | oe 78.5 3.7 985s |'/ ~ 27 1.27 0°): 9//* 80.7 | “32 78.4 5.6 952 | 19 98 84
10°) 81.1 1 see we) 60 ag a 2.50 50
Il | 812 | 45 | 78.0 | Tek | San ¢) ais ay 7 | | | | bail |
Noon.| 81.1 | 5.0 PGi) 85 928 | 9.89 3:06 76
L | 813 5.3 78.1 | 8.5 943 | 10.04 10 76 2 | 81.4 5.3 78.2 8.5 946 07 At 76 3 81.3 5.1 115 8.7 931 9.92 14 76 4.) 2813) j& 4.0009 997.8 8.3 | 934 97 2.98 re 6 | 81.1 8 40 78.3 6.8 | .949 | 10.14 43 81 6 | 80.9 }: 3.3 78.6 | 5.6 | 958 .26 1.98 8h 7 81.5 2.8 78.5 | 4.8 955 125 .68 86 8 | 80.2 | 2.4 78.5 | 4.1 955 27 Al 88 9 41 BOL | 20 | 787 | 3.4 961 Bd 16 90 10 80.1 By 98.9 29 967 Al 0.99 | 91
1] 79.8 18 | 78.6 3.1 955 | .29 10657). 98
|
Ail he Mygrometrical clements are computed by the Greenwich Constants,
Meteorological Observations. lv
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Culculla, im the month of July 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &c.
a: ep e WInp. | | m2 | 5! Neate ca ges oe ©} Prevailing y 5 =i B= igen aspect of the Sky. @,) 8s (3 _.0 direction. sola a Ala * as rey | o Inches lb | Miles 1/114.8; 0.64 Variable 385.2 | Chiefly O. Slight R from | midnight to 7, at 124. a1., 24, lid,6 & 7 P. M. Be 0.43 a ve | L560 | S.t0 See. May Si to ae
Slight Rat 8,9, 103, 12'a. m. 1, 2 & 64 P. M.
135.0) 0.07 SSW 2.5| 287.0| Chiefly S. Brisk wind the | whole day. Light R at 24, 123
A.M. 24 & 4 P. M.
3.2| 327.0| Bto4a.m., nito4Pp.m., \ni to 11 pv. m. Brisk wind nearly the whole day. D at Lo BM
: TAB.O ig, «:. SW&SSW | 0.2; 349.0} Clouds of different kinds
| \O to7 vp. m., 110 11 P. mM.
3
4\136.6| .. | SSW&SW
to 4a. M. 0 to 8 a.M., 71 to 6 em. O to ll vp. MoT. at 7 Pp. M. D at 9. P. M.
6; 140:2 |... SW&s 0.4| 239.9| Sto6a.m., \Witol0a. Mm.
" | | rito2p.m. Stollp.m. L | on N W at 9 P. M.
71197.8|... | SbyE&S |... |261.3| 8 to64a.m.O tod am.
“ito 4dp.m.Sto9p.m. B
| ll vp. uw. LonN W at 8 P. M.
a4). 6 6ISSHG&WSW)|s.. | 24.6) Btoda. m., Ni & “1 to 6
: p.M., ~ito9 p.m. § to Ll
| p. M. Len W at 8 &9 P. M.
ies 42| ito 2a.m., \i& “1 to
a Oe SW eS e : 4p. mM. Otoll vp. m. Tat 4
p. mM. Light R at 3}, 5 & 73 P, M.
i | ....| 180.0) S toda. M., nitoll a. M. "pote la be Fai | “i to 8p. Mi Btolleeu.T
at 124 a. M. & 2¢ P.M. L between 7 & 8 p.m. Light Kh lat 6, 103, 124 a. M., 25 & 45 p. M.
\i Cirri,—i Strati, “i Cumuli, Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strat, 1 re ’ : : wk . j o \.i Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning,
R rain, D drizzle.
lvi Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations tuken at the Surveyor Genera’’s Office, Calcutta, wn the mouth of July 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &e.
fe ee ost eee Wiunp. | aes Rap iN packed | |S 6 8 |; 2] es | General f the Sk me (BY Dapeng EB) i =?) General aspect of the Sky. &| “vig lease ae ing |G alta 's eb fal ole A a | irection. Sart A |; 1 SS log | 7 Gla" ia | eeclie = = | |
, .O Inches;
11/131.0/ 026 E&SE _ | 4.0, 255.6! Chiefly “i. Brisk wind
from 7 a.M.,to7 p.m. Slight
R at 10¢ a. M., 23, 52, 63, 73 | |& 8 P. M.
tes et SOS Y Variable | 28636 |--B to La. a. Stoop aie | | I\i to 6 a. M. Oto3Pp.M., “1 ItoJ1 p.m. Light Rat 33, (7, | | 8, 9¢ a. M., 1,13, 3& 42 P.M.
13) 139.0} 0.17; SSE&SSW |... | 109.9| Bto7a.m., “ito iP wR | | | | to 11 p. m. Slight R at 93, 12 | | A.M. 2&3 P. M.
14, 140.8; ... SS W .. | 68.9| B to 4a. 5, Nog a. ee | “i to 6 ep. mM., \i toll -P. Mi
| L on S E at 7 P. M.
15: 134.0) 0.63; SSWé&S .. | 49.4} \ito 9 a. m.,-clouds of difs
| ferent kinds toll p. m. T at
| | | 12 a. mM. Rbetween 11 & 12 | | A. M.
16! 143.0; 0.12 S,SbyE&SSW)|... | 45.6] Wi tola.m. Bto4a. w., | | | XV & ni to 4P. miSto if
| | p. M. Tat 25 p.m. Shght R at | | 125, 4.M.,2 &45 P. M. 17 140.6, 0.13; S&S byW ... | 61.1] Clouds of various kinds. T | | | at 5p. M. Slight Rat 12} a.m. | | 53 & 7 P. M. 18 146.4} 0.08! S&SSW 0.8; 62:6) S to4a.m.,L1to8a.m, = | “i to2p.M.Otoll?.m. T from 1to5pv.mM. Light Rat 10, 11 a. m., 2:3, 6. 8 & OP. Mi 19)* <:,~ 4°04 SSE .. | 504% Mz to-8 A MeO too Pr aie | | Ni to 8 Pp. m., i to 11 Pp. M, | T at 10, 113 &124.m.LonS | | lat 4¢ a. M. Shght R from 11 A.M. to2 P.M. 2 gf -) O34 E&S8 | 63.61 “i to. Bd, aS to 7 Ale 1O to 7p, me M\itocdt yo. Light R at 43, from 8 a. m. to -_| 12 & 35 to 45 Pp. M.
“a Cirri,—i Strati, ~i Cumuli, \—i Cirro-strati, a_i Cumulo-strati, Wi Nimbi, \ - + - . . ° “i Cirro-cumuli, B clear, 8 stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R. rain, D drizzle.
Meteorological Observations. Ivii
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calculla, wn the month of July 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &e.,
2 oo
wo dj OD >
= S Ore
Oe |G a & aS 3 ‘a. |S re . & : ] . $ ee ie Prevailing 4 a) = General aspect of the Sky. A s ia i direction. S214
oe
o {Inches \ Tb | Miles
Say 436.5) ©... SSE&S tue LOB. Na tosG a. Mea to. Bae
Stollp.m.T L&D between 6&7 P.M, 22) 139.0} 0.40 SSE&S Sat 66:8.) - \Goe ted kw or tee pum. O to Gre a., Vai tok pM. Tat4&5p. mu. Lon W m at 8p. M. Slight Rat 1,35 & 5 Pp. M. — 23) 139.4 | 0.04 Sby E &S .. | 562.0) \nitoll a.m. “i to 7?. M. B toll p. uw. T between 25 & 33 p.m. Light Rat 8,9 a. M. ; 23 & 4 P.M. 24| 134.0 | 0.26 E&SSE 0.6 | 120.4| Chiefly S.Shght ey reae ae ries u., at2,64 &73 .M. Zo 1328 | 0.63 SSE&S Yop ECS & “ito 4a. M. Ot to 5 P. By '§ toll p. mu. T between 12 & lp. mM. Shight K from 6 to 9, lld a.m. to 2} & at 45 P. M. 26| 136.01 0.46|S,S W,&S SW) 1.0] 116.6] Chiefly Al Wat o ke Mey between 4& 5 P. M. 97| 134.0| 0.04) SSW&SW [0.81 123.3} Oto 64. M., 1 to ll Pp. M. Light Rat 2&5 Pp. M. Po ae Os, SSWaSwWw |... | 97.0 Chiefly O. Dat1i& from ll a.m. toll P. M. 99) 135.4; 039| SW&SSW |... |173.4| O to 8am. S tol p.™., Ai to4 Pp. m. O to 11. m. Slight R from 4k to 8 iy i : ‘4 1S 1263) 900 7 P.M to ll P. M. 30! 138.0| 0.27;S W&WSW © hak ep oe ee 9 p.M. Slight Ratllja.mM. & from 7 to 11 P. M. 31; 131.0 | 0.02 Wes . |105.3| O to 44.mu.8 to 1] p. Mm. L between 7 & 8 p. mu. D from midnight to 3 & at 55 4. M.
Meee = Sirali i a Cumuli,\_i Cirro- -strati, C-1 Cumulo-strati .~_1 Nimbi \Ai Cirro-Cumuli, B clear, 8 stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning;
R rain, D drizzle.
lviil Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor Geueral’s Office, Calcutta, in the mouth of July 1872
Montrarty ReEsvtrs.
Inches.
Mean height of the Barometer for the month —.. ».. 29.569 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 9& 10 A. ‘a. on the 16th. ... 29.754 Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 4 A. M. on the Ist. 4. 20.279 Evtreme range of the Barometer during the month 55 ve Mean of the daily Max. Pressures ¥ ay say wet eoone Ditto ditto Min. ditto me wae 29.509 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month os oo» Oee ) Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month p ks oa? eae Max. Temperature occurred at 5». M. on the 14th ik 92.6 Min. Temperature occurred at 1 p.m, on the 2nd ats ston Eetrene range of the Temperature during the month ie ae) Tees Mean of the daily Max. Temperature... ne ie 88.0 Ditto — ditto Min. ditto, ids ae few Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month .., a 8.1 Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month ; ag ae Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 2.8 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month a. see Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew- -point gas 4.8 Inches. Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month - “ie ww. 0.949 Troy grain. Mean Weight of Vapour for the month A. hers Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation .., 1.68
Mean degree of lrumidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.86
Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month .., dh eo Inches. Rained 27 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours B once Cee if Yotal amount of rain during the month De 5.5 Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemometer during the month .. ae oi <= 6ae69 Prevailing direction of the Wind ee 8, Ss. W, S. W. &S8.
* Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the 8. G. O. Calcutta, in the month of July 1872.
Montutiy REsvutts.
Tables shewing the number of days on which at a given hour any particular wind blew, together with the
number of days on which at the same hour, when any particular wind was blowing, it rained.
Meteorological Observations, lix
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Meteorological Observations. Ix
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, mm the month of August 1872.
Latitude 22° 83’ 1” North. Longitude 88° 20’ 34” East. Height of the Cistern of the Standard Barometer above the sea level, 18.11 feet. Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.
Gy Oo & ’ a= We : “ 2 P. ere of Le Bax ometer a . Range of the Tempera- "es uring the day. 8 ture during the day. o 5m HB Date.) & So Ag gin cis r: 5 cb) - a s o'5 | Max. Min. Diff. 3 Max. Min. Diff. SI Sey ies} = co
Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches.
° ° : o )
1 | 29.553 | 29.617 | 29.504} 0.113] 82.4 85.5 80.0 | 5.5 2 580 626 506 120 | 82.2 85.2 80.0 | 5.2 3 B52 604 480 124 | 83.4 89.0 9.4, | 9.6 4 546 603 AGA 139 | 84.2 90.8 81.41 9.4 5 518 559 453 108 | 83.9 92.0 81.5 | 10.5 6 ists) 613 510 103 | 82.4 85.9 "9.5 | 6.4 y 592 641 532 109 | 82.8 87.2 80.5 | 6.7 8 601 652 tt) 098 | 82.8 88.0 "9.5 | 8.5 9 621 662 558 104). 83.7 89.3 80.8 | 8.5 10 618 658 567 091 | 83.1 88.5 80.5 | 8.0 11 591 644 BA 110 | 83.6 88.7 80.7 | 8.0 12 587 631 AS 086 | 83.5 86.5 81.9 | 4.6 13 596 656 AT 109 | 81.6 84.0 78.31 5.7 14, 604 651 546 105 | 81.3 87.2 779 | 93 15 53 615 A86 129 | 80.6 85.0 "75 | 75 16 538 599 487 112} 81.8 86.0 "851 7.5 17 598 643 549 094 | 84.0 90.0 79.7 | 10.3 18 598 654 ye) 130 | 84.6 89.6 81.0] 8.6 19 564 612 488 124 | 84.0 88.7 80.7 | 8.0 20 524 581 438 143, 82.8 88.6 796 | 9.0 21 509 549 451 098 | 83.4 87.0 81.2 | 5.8 22 528 B77 482 095 | 83.6 90.5 81.0 | 9.5 23 527 584 4A8 136 | 84.6 90.5 80.2 | 10.3 24 527 B75 AGS n1O) $4.2 89.5 80.5 | 9.0 25 539 602 490 M12 | 82.1 85.7 80.2 | 5.5 26 593 642 546 096 | 81.0 84.1 195 | 4.6 27 620 685 AT 138 | 83.8 89.8 79.6 | 10.2 28 638 693 552 141 | 85.0 92.0 80.5 | 11:5 29 713 787 664 123 | 84.6 89.5 81.2] 8.3 30 783 840 725 iis |, 82.9 87.7 492) 8.5 31 809 867 761 106 | 81.3 84.5 79.6 | 49
The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the
several hours during the day.
Ixi Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, tn the month of August 1872.
Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued.)
‘ % eo a = . Gy gy oe 1 o4 “ 43 43 E S O08. | eae cee E Sea. g | FS legs Bee a salted nes io 2 2 E S BS 6S | sae les 4 3 2 BC Sian laze a2 |B eS | eae Date) ex | 3 A E $ me |e |e e's 8 2 3 aie Sy 38 | Sys [poe ae] Bole [Re Ge eos eee oe) 4 = p ~Y She A | ba | SF | Sa | Ses (Ses a & &) =) = ae < = o ) ) Co) Inches. | °T. gr. | “Dor: 1 °/) B09'9. 415 79.8 2.6 | 0.995 | 1049 | 0.92 | 0.92 2‘) poets) 1% 79.5 2.7 | .986 60 94 .92 S| 807°) 27 78.8 4.6 | .964 34 | 1.62 .87 4 | 818°] 24 80.1 4.1 | 1.005 | .76 49 .88 5 | sl1é | 23 80.0 3.9 | 001 92 41 .88 6 | 80.4 | 2.0 79.0 3.4 | 0.970 44 7 .90 7 |. so87) 20 79.4 3.4 | .983 56 19 .90 8 | 80.8 | 2.0 79.4, 3.4 | .983 56 19 .90 9 | 813 | 24 79.6 4.1 .989 60 AT .88 lo | 809 | 2.2 79.4 3.7 | .983 54 32 89 ir | siam 23 79.7 3.9 | .992 63 .40 .88 12 | 815 | 2.0 80.1 3.4 | 1.005 a 23 .90 13 | 798 | 18 78.5 3.1 | 0.955 29 05 91 14 | 794 |] 1.9 78.1 3.2 | .943 16 08 .90 i.) 7s Bay via ee ee 04 | 0.97 91 16 | 795 7 23 77.9 3.9 | .937 08 +4) 1:82 .88 17‘) Sog-9 188 78.4, 5.6 | .952 19 .98 84, Is "| 80.6 4 138 78.1 6.5 .943 08 | 2.31 81 19 | 806 | 3.4 78.2 5.8 | .946 BE 04 83 20 | 80.8 | 2.0 79.4, 3.4 | .983 56 | 1.19 .90 21 | 817 1.7 80.5 2.9 | 1.017 91 05 91 22 | 81.6 7 2.0 80.2 3.4 | .008 81 22 .90 23° | sts 33 79.0 5.6 | 0.970 S77 2.08 84 24 | 80.8 | 3.4 78.4 5.8 | .952 19 05 83 25 | 803 | 18 79.0 3.1 .970 44 | 1.07 91 26 | 80.0 | 1.0 79.3 1.7 4 O70 55 | 0.59 95 27 | 80.6 | 3.2 78.4 5.4 | .952 21 | 1.89 84 2 | 818] 87 78.7 6.3 | .961 29 | 2.94 .82 29 81.0 | 3.6 78.5 6.1 955 23 16 83 30 | 80.1 2.8 78.1 4.8 943 12 1.67 .86 81 | 79.7 1.6 78.6 27 958 32 | 0.92 92
All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants.
Meteorological Observations Ixii
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General's Office, Calcutta, i the month of August 1872.
Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.
‘38 Range of the Barometer is ae Range of the Tempera- = Sos for each hour during a 3 ture for each hour reg a the month. pa during the month. < iy Ho Hour.| = AO im 5 a | Max. | Min. | Dif. | 82 | Max. | Min. | Diff aa SH | Inches. | Inches. ; Inches. | Inches. 0 ° 0 o Mid- ‘ night.| 29.606 | 29.827 | 29.536) 0.291 | 815 | 832 | 787 | 45 1 ‘595 | .809| .519| .290 | 81.2 | 83.0 | 78.5 45 2 oe 794| .601.| .293.| 81.9.| 83.0 | 78.0 5.0 3 "375 | .773| .493| .280 | 80.7 | 83.0 | 77.8 52 4, '366| .769| .487| .282 | 80.6 | 828 | 77.5 53 5 ‘s76.| 775 | .492| .288 | 80.4 | 82.0. | 77.5 45 6 inca |) yey) .602| .285 | 80.3 |- 81.9 4° 77.5 44 7 ‘g07 | .814| .620.| .294 | 808 | 822 | 77.5 47 8 eg; .826| .636| .290 | 82.2 | 845 | 782 6.3 9 .632 .856 542 314 83.7 86.0 80.0 6.0 10 63a .867 040 .322 84.6 87.5 79.7 7.8 11 624 852 O44 .008 85.7 89.2 80.5 8.7 834, 22 2312 86.4 90.5 79.5 11.0 ae Pee) siz| 209 | so9 | 912 | for | ite 2 .568 782 488 294 86.9 92.0 80.3 11.7 3 549 193 456 aoe 85.8 92.0 81.0 11.0 4, 534 .780 438 342 85.2 91.0 i 9.6 11.4 5 533 761 448 coial 84.8 90.5 80.0 10.5 6 544 .766 456 .310 83.8 87.8 7 9.2 8.6 7 564 790 AF2 .318 83.2 86.8 80.3 6.5 8 591 816 .o10 .306 82.5 84.5 79.0 9 .610 .840 829 wee 82.2 84.3 79 on 10 .625 .840 045 .295 81.9 84.0 78.6 =: il .625 .840 .046 294 81.6 83.5 78.5 5.
— en
Po i a i ; EES 9 Ye 2 The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bul Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several
hours during the month.
Ixill Meteorological Observations.
Abslract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of August 1872.
Tlourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued).
. : ; a. G4 ty omy: teh 8 = | eo te ® ga | Seg |Be 5 | ety 8 | FS | aes hee r2 ® fob) [e) GH 4> hae a tee re + E 3 5 E ss |e ee (Cee Hour.| i i - a a 6 [ps wl o = Ete O ey cs) "O'S os oD | &D [es | 3 | 2 |}, | es | €2 | ose eee 5 3 a > | Be | pe |) eo | eee 5 ° bs = B.S ea as [oo &'d |e bs i= B 9 BAY se $8 | Se 8 lass Re ay A O A = el ily et” ae be Oo ) ) ) Inches. | T. gr T. gr Mid- night.{ 80.2 1.3 79.3 2.2 0.979 10.55 0.76 0.93 1 80.1 | ey 79.3 1.9 979 ays) 66 94, 2 79.9 1.0 79.2 ae 976 52 58 95 ' 3 79.8 0.9 79.2 1.5 976 52 52 95 4, 79.7 0.9 79.1 1.5 973 49 52 95 5 79.5 0.9 78.9 1.5 967 .43 51 95 6 79.5 0.8 78.9 1.4 967 .46 A5 96 7 79.7 Bi 78.9 1.9 967 43 64 94, 8 80.4, 1.8 79.1 3.1 973 ae 1.67 91 9 81.2 2.5 79.4 4.3 983 54 3 87 10 81.3 3.3 79.0 5.6 970 on 2.02 84, il 81.7 4.0 78.9 6.8 967 32 48 81 Noon 82.0 4.4, 78.9 7. 967 30 76 79 ] 81.9 5.0 78.9 8.0 967 .30 95 78 2 82.0 4.9 79.1 7.8 973 .00 89 78 3 81.9 3.9 79.2 6.6 976 AL 42, 81 4, 81.5 oe 78.9 6.3 967 34 27 82 5 81.5 3.0 79.2 5.6 976 43 .03 84, 6 81.1 2.7 79.2 4.6 976 45 1.65 86 5 89.7 2.5 78.9 4.3 967 a9 59 87 8 80.3 2.2 78.8 3.7 64 .06 28 89 9) 80.4 1.8 79.1 B. 1 973 7 O07 91 10 | 803 | 16 79.2 2.7 | 976 50 | 0.94 92 ll | 80.2 1.4 79.2 2.4 976 .o2 82 93
All the Hygrometrical clements are computed by the Greenwich Constants.
Meteorological Observations.
Ixiv
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations
taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta,
mm the month of August 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &c.
Date. Max. Solar radiation.
o {Inches
2| 122.7
3] 139.5
4 140.0
Rain Guage
o er, WIND. ae
5 ; Se ov. el ie. we| Prevailing 4 Plo ea pads: direction SeeiZe © ain ; ae ulA i AY =
St s a ie 2
1) 105.0| 0.07|NbyE&SSW|... | 58.8 0.14/SSW&SbyE 48.7 0.19 SSW,S &S by HE) ... | 37.8 0.41/ SbyE&S | 18) 69.4 0.34| Sby E& SSE 127.8
5| 144.0
6) 130.0
7, 138.5
8) 130.5
9) 139.6
10, 140.8
Xa Cirri,—i Strati, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S straton, O
[by E 0.56 ISH, & E by S &S| 1.0} 156.0
0251 SSE&S 1/18) 965 0.51 |S, SSW &SbyW) ... | 153.2 0.22! SbyW&S |1.2/ 1465 0.26/ S&Sby W 92.7
R rain, D drizzle.
“i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, e_i Cumulo-strati, overcast, T thunder, L lightming,
General aspect of the Sky.
Sto34a.m. Otoller.m. T from 23 to 5 p.m. Light R at 4, 6,8 a. M. from 3 to 7 & at 10 & ll p. M.
Otol2a.m., “ito3 p.mu.O to lle.m. Tat2& 94 e. mu. L at 9p. M. Light R after inter- vals.
@ to 5 a. wi Wi 0040 a: ar. 1 to: -d: B.S tog Be aie ao 11 p. m. Slight R from midnight to2 A. M.
Btod5a. m., \i&%1to6 P. M. Sto lly. m. T from 1} to3 P.M. Lat 24,8&11P.m. Rat2 P.M.
S:to9a-M., \i tet A. MY to 8 p.m. Btoll p. m. BR at 3, 5 & 6; P. M.
Bto34a.m.8 to7 a. mM. Oto 3p.mM.,°ito7 p.m. Stoll p.m. Tat lp. mu. R from 8} to 104. m. & at 1 Pp. M.
S to 5 A. M., clouds of dif- ferent kinds to 2 p. M. O to6 p.m. Btoll p.m. Tat1lj a.m. & 21 p.m. Slight K at 12 a. M., & from 2 to 4 P. M.
B to 3a. M. O to 7 a.m. “i to 8 p.m. Bto 11 p.m. Slight Rat 4+, 6, 73, 93, 105 A. M., 25 & 5} Pp. M.
Btod5a.M., \ito8a. M., 1 to7 p. M.B to 11 p.m. Slight R at 101, ll} a. M., 2 & 35 P. M.
B to 2 a.m., “i to 3 p.M.Clouds of different kinds to 11 pv. m. T between 3 & 4 P.M. Slight RK at 112,32 to 43 & at 63 P. M.
\._i Nimbi,
Ixv Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of August 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &e.
gg ge. Winp. Ds 5.85 © = sl wt oe é Prevailing : 5 = General aspect of the Sky. Sis es Lea irection. So = —— es co A Es o Inches! tb ; Miles 11; 146.5; 0.08 Sby W&SS W 62.9; Wi& \Witolda.m.S toll p.m. T & Lat 73 P.M. Light R at 6 a.m. 7 & 8 P. M. 12) 130.0} ... Sby W &S | V2.2) § tobe. M., i to Br. ake | } tolle.m. Datlla.m. &1P.mM. 13, 105.0} 0.35 S vos. 1 115.2). Oto 8 P. a, ep eee
Stollp.m. Shght R from 13 to8 & at 10; a. M. 14) 1387.2 | 2.42 Ss 0°41 107:7| S toda.m.Oto8 A. uw, Vi | to 2 p.m. O toll p.m.T between 2&3 p.m. Rafter intervals. 15) 142.3] 2.20; S&Sby EH 0.3} 65.3} Oto8a.m., citollp. mu. R | after intervals. 16; 143.2} 0.21 S&SS W ue | 65.61 7Aito 4a. m.. 0109 A. ate to 5 p.M., \ito 11 pv. m. Slight Rat 6,9 a. mM. & 22 P. mM.
17; 144.0] ... SSWwe&SsS . | 99.91 Bto6a.M., “i to 3P.M., i | to 1l P.M.
18} 143.8] ... SW&SSW |... | 141.6) \Wito 104. M., nito3 Pp. u.O | to 6 vp. mM. “ito llp. m. D at | 113 P.M.
19) 143.4; 0.10/88 W& WSW/|... | 67.0| \Wi to 7 a. u., Cito 3P. M.,
\ito6p.m.8 to 1l p.m. Lfrom 7to9p.m.Tat9 p. m. Slight R at 44,83 a. m., 1O&11 P. mu. 20' 145.0 0.830; WS W& WwW .. | 28.8} Oto 94. Mm., -1to5Pp.mu.O to ll p.m. T at4$ p.m. Slight R after intervals,
21) 146.0} 0.58 WbyS &SS W|... | 25.3) Chiefly S. L from 8 to 10P.m.
Shght R after intervals.
22) 142.8/ 0.23 |SE,SSE&S by E} 0.2} 45.0) ~i& Nito7a.m., ~ito 5p.m. \i to ll p.™-Tatli, 2,3 &5P.m. Lat 2}p.m-Shght R at 85 4. mM. 2&5 P.M.
|143.2| ... |ESE,Eby N&SE/ 0.2} 82.4) Bto3da.m.,\ito7 a.m, ni to8r.m.Btollp.m.Lat8&
23 ll vp. m. Light R at 35 P. m.
Ni Cirri,—i Strati, ~i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, a_i Cumulo-strati, \.i Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, 8 stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R. rain, D drizzle.
Meteorological Observations. Ixvi
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, wm the month of August 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &c.,
Date.
26
27
28
29
30
31
Bye leone 3.8 |S2¢ mete Wig laa & aR [sao o {Inches 1372 122.0; 0.10 oe 0.94 144.0 145.0! .. 145.0) -... 145.0] 0.04 124.8 | 0.98
0.09;EbyN& SSE.
WIND.
Prevailing direction.
SE
SE&SSE
SSE,SE&SbyW
Max Pressure
tbh | Miles 166.8
0.7 | 150.0 0.5 | 109.8 0.3} 98.5 68.7
28.8
0.4] 91.5 0.6} 93.1
General aspect of the Sky.
B tol a. M., \i to 7 4. M., Ai to7 rp. mM. Btol0 p.m. Otoll p. M. Slight R at 115 a, mu. & 93 P. M.
O to6 a. M., \i to 10 a.m. O to5p.m. Stoll p.m. Light R at 3, 4, from 123 a.m., to 5 & at ll Pp. M.
Oto3 a. M.,\ito8 A. M. O to 4pep.u.Sto9p. mu. Bto ll P.m. T at 10: & ll a.m. Lat 4,5 A.M. &8P.m. R at midnight 1, 51, & from 95 a. M. to3 P. M.
B to 2 a. M., \i to 8 A. M., M1 to 1 Pp; M.,: Ni too lk p,m... Dat O+ A. M.,
‘et ds \_1 to: $ As sc £007 P, M., Lito ll ep. M. Tat 5>P.M, Lat 7,8 & 102 P. M.
\i to 7a. M., Cito 5 p. M.\i to 9 p.m. Stolle. m. D at 4 Pp. M.
S to 5A. M., ni to 3 p.m. S to 1l rp. m. Light R between 5 & 6 Pp. M,
S to 3 a.m., Wi toll a. mu. O to 1l p.m. R from 123 a. ™. to 4 Pp. M.
Vin co eee eee ee ee a a aT On, LEG Ta Xi Cirri —i Strati, “i Cumuli,\_i Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strati “1 Nimbi \ni Cirro-Cumuli, B clear, § stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning,
R rain, D driazle,
Ixvii Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the mouth of August 1872.
Montuzty ReEsvutts.
Inches.
Mean height of the Barometer for the month a 1. 29.590 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 10 a. m. on the 31st. 12» 20,008 Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 4 Pp. mM. on the 20th. ... 29.438 Extreme range of the Barometer during the month ae w. 0.429 Mean of the daily Max. Pressures Ay 5 ait vee 29.643 Ditto ditto Min. ditto ae vs. 29.529 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month _,.. ww. 0.114
<1
Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month ree cr: Max. Temperature occurred at 2 & 3p. M. on the 5th & 28th. ta a Min. Temperature occurred at 4, 5, 6, & 7 4. M, on the 15th kel ees Extreme range of the Temperature during the month sn vos oss Ae Mean of the daily Max. Temperature _... Py me rie 4. Ditto = ditto Min. ditto, es hoe ee Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month ... a. 7.9 Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month ae, BOT Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 2.4 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month Lan eee Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew- -point A.1 Inches.
Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month $e a i:. 0.970
Troy grain.
Mean Weight of Vapour for the month . 10.42
Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation foo y aah
Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.88
)
Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month ,.. at > L369
Inches.
Rained 29 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours a meer
Total amount of rain during the month w» 1.82 Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemometer
during the month _... si shi » vob QL Prey ailing direction of the Wind 5 ii 8. & 8. 8. W.
* Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground. ‘
Meteorological Observations, Ixvill
a ‘uO WiRY | = a =: = "MA Ad" NE : AT Ne ; uo WEY | S a eee = a “AA NUN I : Xx = ‘uo WIRY wy | =r Ss = at oN Y aes rc Lome = eres . . 2 — SS aaa S x og | MN I = ari = 4S | uo uy =i . > al Fi eS ap 2 oN Aq *M_ "M | na rq = 2 8 He “UO TRI] Ue | rm = = = ies 9 eS Se, eee a - = e ot “mI 4 aaa A 4 Saar 8 2 E } ‘uo ‘uIey a a 2 ee aS 3 fo) “-g £q “Mm A Sale ake = re 3S ¢q 2 “HO Wey AQ aA | = = ort ] a = == =a -* a : - MSTA A aaa aad | MANNA Aaa o tare "uO WEY ===) a4 aad a aoe th - — "MS. SANNA AARAD motos aoe S) —_ i= Ee eae 2 er ae eee eee Ears w 1 “U0 mre AQ ae ANaHA re Aas MAH AR » as AN aE S|} Fh 1a DAO OAAANHOS FA HANMNSCTDOMMDMH rs a5 mis = es ~ 2 "uO Ue ri ep | re — | ie | nN cae ce 3 = 2 “Mm fq °S IO HOM MDAAMDAMRNHA DM AMNAMAAOD 0610190 : x ee a x s 2 z 2, "WO UIE AMADA OANA Fw oS 4 = a a a “s “HR A2SHODDORDOOIO BH WE DHOAHON OO = 2 = =a =) a _ = a = = a ee 2 a os “UO UIP} A a — a A ARAN S 8) pa fq iet SAAKAMAANTH O WAAOMMBERRDSO r meat “3 > eas i aan ae a Som gE [uo med feo J ee —— 4 4 Ra eae TADAMDAMDBHOWSO 4 ANNONA” AIA 2 ny } D los Bry a a ad ‘SS St¢ : % = Ps = 5 | ‘uo wey j ‘a 4 q ro is Ss o) S . m OAmMoaAaAaaMN wW Ae Oo AS ao aca oS ioe aide = es Fat | "TO ) UR a me ———— = 'E = Taine 0 aH AN Aan A A Ae a Tot \ ‘ 4 a = sq oo | ‘uo me { ae ca 3 Oo a : ee AOA = nan © g 4q wf S 45 aS i 0 “U0 UTR i oy oe | Pere paar: 2 — ‘SS “U0 as = aS = | j SHAR AA To = alii | ~ S Nw Sq" fe = 3 q me = 3 5 "uo WIN = z ar (an = a — f ef Ae ee, [a a | == 2 S "HO WIT 2 Ee a ~ = ne: — aa ~ 3B Hy eN = on ° "HO WEYL : 3 gq & BS oo ® ay 2 NI ONT S E as % o ‘wo | ee = is! = ee ne Re as ie kq-x g o “UO WIT Ss 4 | a 8 S q . H s 3 i ; 23 fo} 3] Cf = Noe wie eller) Ss = eo 19 OI DOOM oa ea oe S ° a 2 = ad ae SS “a x aA
i:
oe} Po + ee ee ey BIA
Meteorological Observations. Ixix
Abstract of the fesulis of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Caleutla, im the month of September 1872. Latitude 22° 33’ 1” North. Longitude 88° 20’ 34” East. Height of the Cistern of the Standard Barometer above the sea level, 18.11 feet.
Daily Means, Xc. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.
S 2. oe. Range of the Barometer Sk | Range of the Tempera- | ok 2 4 during the day. ae ture during the day. CRS HS Date. ry aa oe a 5 so | Max. | Min. | Diff. | $8 | Max. | Min. | Dif. si ~~ & = EY 5 Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. Oo O Oo O 1 29.814 | 29.885 | 29.749 0.136 79.8 81.5 77.6 3.9 2 .760 823 677 146 82.5 87.8 79.01. 8.8 3 748 .806 .692 114 83.6 88.0 80.2 7.8 4 791 841 dom ---4 108 82.4 87.4 77.8 9.6 5 .790 .85d “he 143 81.1 84.3 76.7 7.6 6 764 .842 691 151 81.4. 86.5 77 A 9.1 7 742 801 .681 .120 82.1 88.0 TS 4 WO" 8 fan 804 .672 182 83.2 88.2 78.0 | 10.2 9 742 .818 .659 159 85.2 91.5 81.5 | 10.0 10 742 812 .663 .149 85.4 90.5 80.6 9.9 LI 641 732 .045 187 87.3 92.1 83.9 8.2 12 .080 .691 518 ee 81.7 83.7 77.8 5.9 | i3 703 175 .637 .138 82.3 86.5 79.0 1.5 : 14 opUd 778 .627 151 84.2 91°0. 80.0 | 11.0 | 15 725 781 654 127 | 84.9 92.6 80.5 | 12.1 . 16 764 818 REG .102 85.1 90.2 81.4 8.8 | jie! 780 .836 705 toe 85.2 91.1 81.3 9.8 : 18 .760 824 .689 135 85.4 90.5 80.5 | 10.0 19 691 .790 .632 118 82.4 89.8 79.0 | 10.8 4 20 .603 .693 509 ise, 73.9 81.0 Wee alee 21 .671 WS 5 617 116 82.3 88.0 79.0 9.0 : 22 .708 757 668 089 | 81.9 86.3 78.8 | 7.5 ' 23 .693 On .632 .1L05 83.1 88.7 79.0 9.7 : 24 ea aie) |G; | \.112 | 82.3 | 87.0 80.0 | 7.0 25 .696 Al .642 .099 82.9 89.0 79.5 9.5 26 755 14 .685 129 82.4 87.5 79.2 8.3 | 27 178 843 713 .130 82.) 87.7 79.0 8.7 28 .763 .839 .689 150 83.6 89.0 794 9.6 . 29 .738 804, .666 .138 83.7 89.3 79.5 9.8 30 696 751 619 132 | 85.0 90.2 81.0| 92 : The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb
Thermometer Meafs are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the several hours during the day.
Ixx Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, an the month of September 1872.
Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued.)
16
e | 33 FE ‘8 Bites | Sea ae H E cy 2 SS | os to 2s a .) S 5 G4 42 oP = o § ra CH ed = Gey + 3 eS 6 3 3 5 ee |e os |2S se Date. 7 a3 3 A 3 oe aS edb: ae 33 2 3 oO cee SS | SES bp 6 8 Pee et Bol aa Seu Bow tee ays ee ag Bb fg boy aS g2 | Se sdeee = = ss 5 Poe = - ee ae Oo | oe & = A oO cA = ane he: = | fy) fo) ) 9) Inches.) “T gro 2) en, 1 78.4 1.4 77.4, 2.4 | 0.922 9.97 0.78 0.93 2 | 79.6 3.0 77.4 5.1 922 91 1.73 .85 3 80.1 3.5 77.6 6.0 .928 95 2.08 .83 A 79.5 2.9 77.5 4.9 925 94 1.67 .86 5 79.2 1.9 77.9 3.2 .937. | 10.10 07 .90 Bin 79:8 a 77.8 3.6 934 .05 29 .89 Fipi 79.3 2.8 77.3 A.8 919 9.88 63 86 8 79.8 3.4 774, 5.8 .922 .89 2.00 83 9 81.4 3.8 78.7 6.5 .961 | 10.26 35 81 10 | 81.6 3.8 78.9 6.5 .967 32 36 81 11 82.8 4.5 80.1 7.2 | 1.005 69 ae .80 12 78.8 2.9 76.8 4.9 | 0.905 9.73 1.64 .86 13%. 4° “79:9 2.4 78.2 4.1 946 | 10.17 Al 88 14 | 81.0 3.2 78.8 5.4 964 = | .90 85 15 | 81.4 3.5 78.9 6.0 967 34 2.15 83 16 | 80.8 | 4.3 77.8 7.3 | .934 | 9.99 58 .80 17 80.6 4.6 77.4, 7.8 .922 .85 76 78 18 80.4 5.0 76.9 8.5 .908 68 3.00 76 19 79.9 2.5 78.1 4.3 943 | 10.14 1.47 .87 20. | Tw iby 76.9 2.0 908. | 9.82 0.65 94 21 | 80.2 2.1 78.7 3.6 .961 | 10.33 1.25 .89 22 | 79.8 9.1 78.3 3.6 949 .20 24 .89 93-1 $02 2.9 78.2 4.9 946 15 0) 86 24 | 80.0 2.3 78.4 3.9 952 23 .B5 88 25 80°3 2.6 78.5 4.4 955 27 52 .87 26 79.8 2.6 78.0 4.4 940 Al 50 .87 27 79.6 2.5 77.8 4.3 934 05 AG 87 23 | 79.9 37 77.3 6.3 919 9.86 Bly 82 29 | 80.5 3:2 78.3 5.4 949 | 10.18 1.89 84 30 | Sy 3.3 79.4 5.6 .983 49 2.04 84 e
All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants.
Meteorological Observations Ixxi
i Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office; Calcutta, , in the month of September 1872.
Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.
‘33 Range of the Barometer eS Range of the Tempera- s 8 a for each hour during a Ss ture for each hour = 24 the month. 4 during the month. Hour.| © a S = aaa | y aS ce. Max. Min. Diff. Soy Max. Min. Diff. | ai Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. ) 0) ° ° Mid- night.| 29.740 | 29.825 | 29.563 0.262 81.2 85.5 77.5 8.0 1 730 813 O49 264 | 80.9 85.1 77.6 7.5 ° 120 .802Z .530 267 80.6 84.7 (Wias: 7.2 3 712 94 0090 239 80.4, 64.5 17.5 70 4 706 789 518 271 80.1 84.1 77.5 6.6 5 718 808 009 296 79.8 83.9 13 6.6 6 fae 814 512 .302 79.9 84.0 (Wie 6.3 q 748 .835 25Lo .316 80.5 84.2 78.0 6.2 8 .768 848 579 .269 82.5 86.4 77.9 8.5 9 81 .863 O91 272 84.0 87.5 78.2 9.3 10 180 885 .606 279 85.1 89.2 77.6 11.6 11. .769 .870 598 272 86.0 89.9 78.0 119 Noon. 51 854 573 281 86.6 90.5 79.0 11.5 1 725 .833 552 281 87.1 92.0 79.2 12.8 2 .697 .808 .536 272 87.1 92.6 79.4 13.2 3 .675 182 .520 .262 86.5 91.5 79.4 12:1 4, 664 174 018 .2056 85.8 91.0 79.7 113 5 667 758 545 213 85.2 90.4, 80.4 10.0 6- OFe 81 553 .228 83.9 89.0 Mins 11.2 7: 694 784 561 Looe 83.2 87.4 78.0 9.4 8. 718 814 569 245 82.5 86.7 77.5 9.2 9 a8 .828 0995 233 82.2 86.0 76.9 9.1 10 748 B41 604, ae, 81.9 86.0 76.7 9.3 11 745 827 O84 243 81.6 85.5 vig 8.4 SO Sb ob a iio ~ The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb
Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several
hours during the month.
Ixxii Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken al the Surveyor Generals Office, Calcutta, in the month of September 1872.
Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued).
' 5 = 4 Cy ' '
3 : : Ba) | oe ae
o o3 2 © oe 2° 9 18/8 a a _ | A 2 Ps | bes hop = : : 2 ‘se | SBE ly on "2 5 o 5 2) 2.0 Ee = i= = > S| Hour. A a a 3 S Can as = o 8 2 "A oe eH 1 4178 1 ey tog Ute eee ES E = 2; | HS | BE | SER lose dg fe Se 4-8 | ee | ee ee eee § p> = aw 5,8 o 4 ies oo | 5 | 4 S a) ha S54 <a i) se —
Ce) ) ) ) Inches. 7° cen aoe Mid-
night.| 79.6 1.6 78.5 297° |. 0:965-./ J0@9 0.92 0.92 i 79.5 1.4 78.5 2.4, 955 31 79 93 2 79.2 1.4 78.2 2.4 946 21 .80 .93 3 79.0 1.4 78.0 2.4 940 15 79 93 4 78.8 1.3 77.9 Be .937 12 We .93 5 78.6 1.2 77.8 2.0 934 09 66 94 6 78.7 1 77.9 2.0 .937 2 .66 94, 7 79.2 1.3 78.3 22 949 24, 74, 93 8 80.1 2.4 78.4 4.1 952 23 1.41 .88 9 80.5 3.5 78.0 6.0 .940 07 2.10 .83 10 80.7 44 77.6 7.5 .928 9.91 66 79 11 81.0 5.0 77.5 8.5 925 .86 3.05 76 Noon.| 81.2 | 5.4 78.0 8.6 940 | 10.01 13 76 1 81.4, 5.7 78.0 9.1 .940 O1 32 75 2 81.2 5.9 v7.47 9.4 931 9.92 Al 74 3 81.1 5.4 77.9 8.6 .937 .98 13 76 4 81.0 4.8 77.6 8.2 .928 91 2.92 ae 5 80.8 4.4, 174 7.5 931 94 67 79 6 80.5 3.4, 78.1 5.8 .943 | 10.10 038 .83 y 80.5 27 78.6 4.6 .958 .28 1.61 87 8 80.0 2.5 78.2 4.3 946 Bi AT .87 9 80.0 2.2 78.5 3.7 955 Oy 27 .89 10 79.9 a. 1) 185 3.4, 955 .29 15 .90 1g: 2.9 961 | ».35 0.99 91
ll | 79.9 Bey
All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants.
Meteorological Observations. Ixxiti
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, an the month of September 1872.
Bae ene saa 68 (285 pore | ~ fH e 1 3 as Bee Prevailing Z = ae 3 yet aspect of the Sky. S| Se fe_.c irection. so a o |Inches ib \Miles eet 1.05 SSW 0.7; 78.9 | Chiefly O. Rat 2, 33 & from 8: a. M. tol P. M. ZEB... SSW&SW [| 1.4) 154.2) \G& Uito4a4.mM., clouds . : of different kinds to 11 p. m. a) 35.0 |). 4... ey ono ve LOL) 218.2) ° Sto 10a: wi, “i tod P, ae. S to Li pom. 4 127.0} 0.75| SW,&SSW 4.8; 233.1; Otolla.m., “1 to 5p. m.
O to 11 p.m. Strong wind T & L betweend & 6P. M. cia R from 53 to 104 Pp
5} 109.8; 167; SW&SSW / 1.3) 148.6/ O. Tab 7h & OF 0.3 uM. Rat 3,8 a. mM. & from 7 toll p. mw. SSweS 20.6 | O to LL ALM. “ite S pha, S to 11 p. w. Lon W at 8 p.m. D at midnight.
7| 142.3} 0.19 S&S by W sede 00.8 |. O 16D A.M, N27 tok) 2a “ito 2p. M..8. to6 p. uM. B. to IT P.M. pobent R. from | midnight to2a.m. & at 2p. M. 8 140.4)... \WSW &W byS| ... | 41.7) B to 44.M. ito 9a. M. “ito 5 P. we S to El-p. mda from 8} to 10 Pp. M.
9 143.3| ... iSbyW& Variable! ... | 22.5| Bto4da.m.\i to6 a.m. X11 to 8A. Me C1 ted P.M, SD t6 6 PoM. “1 & Wi fo ll pe me at 24 p.m. L. at 10&11 P.M.
& pe oe i Or
1Opias ei... WS Wee NW iL .....| 28.7) cito4e. mum. \ito8 Pp. Mm \ni to 11 ep. m. L at midnight. Piso, a NW &eN by W |... | 22.4; \ito7a.m., nito4P.m,,
Si to 10 2. moxcarabt EE poe Lon Eat10 &11 P.M. 12 ERE bo 2.36 ES HH 4.8 /253.4| Oto8a.m.Sto12a.m.O to 7 p.m. S toll p. M. Strong wind between 3 & 33 & from 8ia.m.to5 p.m. L at mid- night Tat3&4a. mM. R from 3 to 6 at 12 a. M. 2, 3, 64 & 8 Ip. M.
¥
Xi Cirri,—i Strati, i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strati, ._i Nimbi, \Ai Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, R rain, D drizzle.
Ixx1v
Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations tuken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, am the mouth of September 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &c.
radiation.
Date.
jon ww
co | Max. Solar
=
0
14, 142.0
15) 145.0
144.8
j
143.3 | 145.0
142.0
22
23) 143.5 |
| 24 136.4 | |
General aspect of the Sky.
Sr ee WIND. lead ee be pou. Prevailing 4 : Aa ee direction. Ss 3/4 3 eaves a4 > Inches | tb) Miles 0.53 SE&S 1.4) 246.8 0.20! SE&SSE |1.9] 48.7 0.20;|SSE&E.S. E/0.6/ 88.5 SSE&S 93.2 0.12 | S&S H 66.0 i 5 E & variable 36.1 O50 |INNE&EN E05/| 65.2 148; NW&SW | 4.0} 302.8 SSWé&SSE 58.1 0.16 Sby E&S 24.8 Sby ES&Sby W 20.5 S&S by W 78.6
Clouds of different kinds. T at 103 & 124. Mm. R between 1 & 2, at 4, 95 & from 103 to 12 4. M.
Bito 3 4. Mw. “ito DORA ae ™) 40 6°P. M3 \i 10 EL Pee between 3 & 4p. mM. R at 35 Pp. M.
Si to 1ia.ar, Pte 7: B to 11 p.m. T between 3 & 4 p.m. Rat 3 P.M.
Bto6a.M. Ni to 10 a.m “ito 6 Pp.M. \1t09 P.M. \nl to ll Pp. M.
Bto7 a.. M01 to-1) Py a, Slight Rat 55,7 &8 p.m.
\i to 2.4.M. Bto64.M.\1i to9a.M.nito4P. M. \1 to ll p.m. L between 6 & 7 P.M.
\i to lla. m. O to 4 P. M. Sto9r.m.Otoll vp. uw. R from 1¢ to4& at 10 &11 p.m.
O'to/6:P.. ms. \—1 to Wie, High wind from 1 to 95 a. M. L on W between 10 & 11 Pp. mu. R from midnight to 10 a.m.
Sto7 a.M.\1 & nito 4 P, m. 8 toll p. m. Slightly fog- gy at5 & 6 a. M.
S to2 aw. O to 10 a.m, “1 to6p.mM.Bto9 p,m. O toll jp. M. Tat2&113 P.M. Slight Rat 3, 4, 5, a.M.15&115 P.M.
O to 84.M.71tol P.M. Ai to 6 ep. wm. B to ll P. Mm.
\i to 8 a.m. 71 to12 a. M. ig to 6 P. mM. Btoll p. M.
\Gi Cirri,—i Strati, ~i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~»_i Cumulo-strati, i Nimbi, \ni Cirro-eumuli, B clear, 8 stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning
> iw
rain, D drizzle.
Meteorological Observations. Ixxv
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, wm the month of September 1872.
30
°
139.5
141.0
142.0
141.0 140.0
146.8
0.11 |S,SW&S by W
SS W
e8
ute Prevailing 4 aes) oe Bi pe wR Ss Oo Shay direction. Bia a cee Al Inches ib | Miles. 0.03 |S E, ESE & SSE 109.3 0.07 SS E&S 127.5 Eby 8 &8 by W 65.0 8,&SS W 46.6
75.0
76.3
General aspect of the Sky.
B to 3.4. M. Ni & at to-G Pp. mM. Bto ll p.m. Lon W at 7 p.m. Light Rat 11 a. mu.
Bto 3 a. ™M. Oto 6 A. mM. Or to 3 p.m. \i to 9 P. Mm. Bto ll vy. mu. Lon W at 1li p.m. Light R at 12 4. mM. 24 & 3p. M. Bto4a.m.\ito 9 a. M. “i1to6P.M. Btoll Pe. wu. D at 14 P.M.
B to 7 a.m. ito 6 P. M. Bto 11 p.m. D at 53 p. M.
Bto2 a. mM. ni to6 P.M. B: to, Li pam. discon Wr ath) p.m. Slight R from 3} to 43 Pp. M,
Stoba. mM. \i& nitoé6 Pp: M. 8 to LP P.M ab b, ©. mM. Lat midnight 1 &5 a. M. & from 54 to7 PB. M.
\i Cirri —i Strati, ~i Cumuli,\_i Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strati \w_i Nimbi \ni Cirro-Cumuli, B clear, § stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, R rain, D drizzle,
Ixxvi Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, iu the month of September 1872.
Monruty Kxsvtrs. :
Inches.
Mean height of the Barometer for the month ee ve. 29.726 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 10 4. mM. on the Ist. ». 29.885 Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 5 a. M. onthe 20th. 4... 29.509 Extreme range of the Barometer during the month Ha so O.ave Mean of the daily Max. Pressures ys ra oe ren OOO Ditto ditto. Min. ditto 3 vo 29.657 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month ik ow” O.A58
: 0)
Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month he as ere) ts Max. Temperature occurred at 2 ». Mm. on the 15th 92.6 Min. Temperature occurred at 10 p. M, on the 5th MY 76.7 Extreme range of the Temperature during the month aie ‘a y ape Mean of the daily Max. Temperature... a vate nies Ditto ditto Min. ditto, as ee he! Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month ... a 8.8 Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month ia OLE Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 3.0 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month rms 6.7.0) Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew- -point 5.1 Inches.
Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month a3 a ws. 0.940
Troy grain.
Mean Weight of Vapour for the month va» | LOLO9 Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation aaty leper Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.85 ) Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month .,., we Rote Inches. Rained 18 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours af os, . Lay Total amount of rain during the month . 9.42 Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemometer during the month _... i sa 7.39 Prevailing direction of the Wind sty sas 1. 8. 8. W. & 8.
* Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground,
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the S. G. O. Calcutta, in the month of Sept. 1872.
Montuiuy REsvuuts.
te
5 number of days on which at the same hour, when any particular wind was blowing,
Tables shewing the number of days on which at a given hour any particular wind blew, together with the
it rained.
uo Ue
<2, a alae Dn: uO ULeY a ee ee re
ae. NER ms x ae
“UO ULBY ee
"M 'N ‘Ba Se a Sach aaaa a pe ge
‘UO UleYY =
. . . ra —= Gl 1a =F “M NUM ae ele ee
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Meteorologicak Observations. Ixxviil
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, an the month of October 1872. Latitude 22° 33’ 1” North. Longitude 88° 20’ 84” Fast. Height of the Cistern of the Standard Barometer above the sea level, 18.11 feet.
Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.
Cy a 8 _ | Range of the Barometer = A Range of the Tempera- oh 2 3 during the day. 3 e ture during the day. aah fo) . Date. Heo a : so | Max. | Min. | Dif. | $5 | Max. | Min. | Diff. | ~~ a = =a Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. o ra) re) o 1 29.696 | 29.763 | 29.623 0.140 84.2 88.0 81.0 7.0 2 124, 782 .672 110 83.1 90.6 80.8 9.8 3 708 167 .642 125 84.3 91.0 79.8 | 11.2 4, toe .785 .664 121 85.0 91.2 80.5 | 10.7 5 756 .803 708 .095 84.1 90.0 81.5 8.5 6 195 861 TAL .120 84.9 91.3 80.5 | 10.8 7 771 843 684 159 84.8 90.0 81.2 8.8 8 764 842 694 148 83.0 88.2 79.5 8:7 = 9 I. OO OL ae 104 81.1 84.7 i Biers 7.5 10 187 844, 733 2E 82.5 88.5 TTB AAT 11 799 .856 42 114 81.8 88.3 75.0),)- 13.3 12 854 910 .802 .108 81.7 88.0 (630 ALT 13 899 .955 849 106 79.9 84.0 76.4 7.6 14, 889 953 822 131 79.4 81.8 77.5 4.3 15 851 912 .786 .126 78.7 84.4) 9.0 8.9 16 LaRy 904 193 ape! 80.2 86.6 156) AL 17 £857 .923 811 112 82.3 88.0 Ti Oot ALO 18 851 923 791 132 83.1 89.0 VT 2e it ks 19 .850 .906 .810 .096 83. 89.3 78.0nie iia 20 .896 951 .853 .098 83.5 89.5 78:0) +. 445 21 .933 | 30.005 888 oh? 82.7 89.8 76.5t\edaca 22 .909 | 29.978 .837 Aa t6i 81.6 88.9 75. 3e\c FRG 23 .888 .937 .829 .108 81.3 88.0 V4. 9c ADE 24 .885 .938 .827 WEL 76.3 80.0 73.2 6.8 25 .788 885 .685 200 a0 76.0 71.5 4.5 26 112 .806 .631 175 79.7 84.5 76.2 8.3 27 821 .880 ch £ 103 77.9 83.0 73. Ose tO. 28 .833 884 789 .095 78.9 83.2 76.0 7.2 29 .896 .957 832 125 79.8 | 85.0 76.0 9.0 30 £931 | 30.000 .886 114 80.4 85.5 75.9 9.6 31 941 .000 801 .099 80.1 86.0 75.2 | 10.8
The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the several hours during the day.
Ixxix Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observationa: taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, anu the month of October 1872.
Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements: dependent thereon.—( Continued.)
' ys 5 SH fs ° ee Be Bj Sf Beer gael ae ee a ET ae Oe ese PES ef rQ o Ne 2 Ga 42 pha 3 DRE =I 2 5 a Ape s ee |B os |o8 ee Date.| 7 |. 3 A a ze ae 22 13 68 2.2 2 3 a. | 48 | S4 | gs3 [bse Pal a |. 2 | 88 | SE | BS | Boae ce SA b f pee os Ee eee = A S A a a ld a 0 Oo | fy) 0 Inehes. | T. gr. |, TE gr. 1 81.6 2.6 79.8 4.4 | 0.995 | 10.66 1.58 | 087 2 80.7 2.4 79.0 4.1 .970 42 AA 88 3 81.1 3.2 78.9 5.4 .967 37 91 84 4 | 81.0 | 4.0 78.2 6.8 .946 At 2.42 81h 5 81.0 | 3.1 78.8 5.3 964 B4 1.87 185: 6 81.1 3.8 78.4 6.5 952 17 2.32 Ai 7 81.2 3.6 78.7 6.1 .961 29 By 83. 8 79.4 | 3.6 76.9 | 6.1 .908 9.74 .08 82 9 "9.4 | 2.7 76.5 4.6 .896 65 1.52 .86 10 76.8 5.7 72.8 9.7 795 8.54 | 3.10 53: 11 76.3 5.5 72.4 9.4 785 AB 2.95 74 12 76.4 | 6.3 72.7 9.0 792 52 85 75: 13 76.6 3.3 74.3 5.6 .835 9.01 Liz 84 : 14 77.2 2.2 95.7 3.7 .873 43 19 .89 15 95.7 3.0 73.6 5.1 817 8.84 57 85: 16 76.9 3.3 74.6 5.6 1843 9.09 79 84, 17 78.1 4.2 75.2 7.1 .860 24 |. 2.34 .80 18 78.2 4.9 74.8 8.3 .849 i 76 v7 19 78.4 5.2 74.8 8.8 .849 .09 94 76. 20 7a 5.8 73.6 9.9 817 8.75 3.25 73 21 76.2 6.5 71.6 11.1 .766 22 50 70 22 73.8 7.8 68.3 13.8 .688 7.40 94 65 23 75.0 6.3 70.6 10.7 741 97 24 a 24 74.5 1.8 73.2 3.1 .806 8.77 0.92 91 25 72°3 0.7 71.7 1.3 .768 42 34 96. 26 77.5 2.2 76.0 3.7 882 9.52 1.20 89 27 | 74.7 3.2 72.5 5.4 787 8.54 62 84 23 | 76.4 2.5 74.6 | 4.3 £843 9.13 B34 87 29 | 76.8 3.0 74.7 5.1 846 14 OL ite ek 30 76.0 4.4, 72.9 1.9 75 797 8.59 2.35 79 31 | 75.0 | 6.1 71.4 | 8.7 761 .20 64 76
All the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants.
Meteorological Observations
Ixxx
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, im the month of October 1872.
Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.
‘$3 Range of the Barometer = ‘ Range of the Tempera- < 8 ie for each hour during 6a 8 ture for each hour — 2 = the month. 4 during the month. 4 Hour. ‘ Eo. — 2 29 | Max. | Min. | Dif ss | Max. | Min. | Diff. 5 a = = Inches. | Inches. | Inehes. | Inches. oO 0 Oo o | Mid- itight.| 29.833 | 29.937 | 29.696 | 0.241 79.3 83.5 Gock 10.4 = .823 931 .666 .265 78.9 83.2 72.6 10.6 2 813 .924, 651 273 78.6 82.9 92.5 10.4 3 804 .916 .631 .285 78.2 82.6 72.5 10.1 4, 798 .916 .639 277 77.9 82.6 72.1 10.5 5 .810 .928 651 207 77.6 82.5 72.0 10.5 6 .828 942 .670 .272 77.3 81.5 71.5 10.0 9 849 .968 .697 271 78.2 83.0 72.0 11.0 8 871 984 14 .270 80.4 84.5 72.0 12.5 9 885 | 30.005 .730 .275 82.3 87.0 72.2 14.8 10 .884 | 29.999 742 257 83.9 87.8 72.2 15.6 Bl .867 .985 134 .251 85.0 90.0 72.4 17.3 Noon. 844 .967 709 .258 85.2 90.6 972.2 18.4 i) 815 .936 .690 .246 85.7 91.2 72.0 19.2 2 192 911 .663 248 85.7 91.3 72.0 19.3 3 178 905 644 .261 85.6 90.8 72.8 18.0 4, 174 901 .623 .278 84.7 91.2 73.0 18.2 5 183 .907 .634 273 84.0 89.5 73.5 16.0 6 194 914 .648 .266 82.5 87.5 74.0 13.5 q 814 .929 .675 254 81.6 86.5 74.4 12.1 8 834 949 684, .268 80.9 86.0 74.0 12.0 5? 847 .965 712 .253 80.3 84.5 74.0 10.5 10 852 977 723| .254 79.8 83.2 Viper 9.5 il .849 .961 714 247 79.5 83.0 74.0 9.0
aman me re eed ee The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several
hours during the month.
Ixxxi Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly. Meteorological . Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, im the month of October 1872.
Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued).
aby
BA | 43 +43 cs — ame S 6: 5 3 Be ee ek je oer gail BEB s = FH Pa at | aig ro | wes Mee -Q ®o : © | ° a) a os ee | 27} | 3 Bs E E Be oS) (te BBA eee eres |e 2 ag Re ee 22 |EES joss (Ee | 3-| 2 | 3. | Bf | BS | ose 88s (zo |p | 8 | ps | Bf) g2 Se ees apes | | i Ce) ) oo) Inches, |) WL. gra. |) Tepe Mid- night.| 77.3 | 2.9 75.9 3.4 | 0.879 | 951 | 1.08 | 0.90 1 77.0 1.9 75.7 3.2 .873 45 02 90 2 76.8 1.8 75.5 3.1 .868 40 | 0.98 91 3 76.5 17 75.3 2.9 862 34 91 91 4 76.2 iy 75.0 2.9 854, 25 91 91 5 76.1 1.5 75.0 2.6 854, 25 .82 92 6 75.9 1.4 74.9 2.4 851 24 74 93 7 76.4 1.8 75.1 3.1 1857 28 97 91 8 77.2 3.2 75.0 5.4 | .854 22 172 84 9 V7 |' Aid 74.8 7.5 .849 13 2.45 79 10 | 78.3 5.8 74.4 9.5 .838 8.97 3.16 74 11 78.3 6.7 73.6 11.4 817 73 80 70 Noon.| 78.1 7a || Fem iat .803 58 403 68 1 78.2 Tepe) | | F290 12.8 797 50 30 66 2 78.2 Bt | ORG 12.8 797 50 30 66 8 | 78.2 74 | 73.0 12.6 801 53 23 67 4 | 778 60" || 7a ay. 801 | .55 3.87 69 B) ) ae Ge |) FSB 10.4 817 75 42 79, 6 | 736° 1) 40" |) 767) | 68. | 4878° || 9.38 | | Bide 81 A ee 5.4 .887 56 1.78 84 BY | | eae aa). 764 4.8 885 53 57 86 9 179 2.6 75.9 4.4 .879 49 42 87 10, | 478 2.5 75.5 4.3 .868 38 37 87 il 2-978 | 2.2 | 75.8 3.7 .876 46 20 89 aus
| | ' {
Ail the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants.
Meteorological Observations.
lxxxii
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations
taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta,
in the month of October 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &c.
Date.
Max. Solar radiation.
Rain Guage 13 ft. above
WIND.
Daily
Prevailing direction.
Ground.
Max.
General aspect of the Sky.
10 11
140.0 140.2
141.0
—_ — = (e) — ES D 2 = cS
136.3
“Pressure
Sby W&SHE
0.29 |S SW & variable 0.2.
0.73, SSW&Sby W) 0.7
NNE&N 0.16) S by W SSW &ESE
0.16 SE & variable! ...
NW & variable
NNE
N&ENE 4 ENE&EbyN
Eby N
ba
— ike
ia)
(op) | WS) On
o | Velocity.
20.4. |
16.2
23.2
Sto 6 Al MN ito 10 a. uw. Ot? Bo MSNA! tee 2, TY from 12°a. ue. ‘to-3 p.m: J; from 7 to 11 p. m. R between Ph de iS kee: | 8 too Aow. -i tol pom. O ito4P.M.Sto9p.m. Btoil p. M. Slightly foggy from 5 to 7 a. mM. T from 124. mM. to 4p. mM. L from midnight to 4a. m. & at 7 p.m. Rfrom1to3 p.m.
B to. 6.4. Mm: 1 to 11 PM: [Foggy between 6&7 a.m. T at 10 p.m. Rat 5 &1OP. m.
Chiefly “i D between 11 & 12 a. M.
Bto4a.m. “ito 8 Pp. Mm: B to 11]. vp. mw. Tat. 122 a. mM. & from 32 to 6 Pp. M. R bet- ween 3 & 4p. M.
Bto4a.m.“ito6Pp.m B to ll Pp. mM.
Bto Za. u. “1 to LL. P.M. T at 114 a. m. L from 6 to 10 p. M. Rat1l2a.m.
Sto2a um. Bto 64. mm. a tol0 a.m. -ito4p.m.S to ll p.m. T from 9toll P. mM.
'L from 7 to 1] P. M.
aL-to.6 4. M. O't0>8 “Ane “i toll p.m. Lat midnight R from 4 to 8 A. M.
O to 34. Mm. B toll Pp. mM.
Btolrp.m. “ito5?. mu. B to. Le. Me.
B to 9 a.m. “ito3 P. Ms\1
to9 p.m. Btoll Pp. mM.
"\Gi Cirri,—i Strati, “i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strati, ~_i Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, § stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, ~ Rrain, D drizzle.
lxxxill Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of October 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &c.
Oe & ote } . | oe ie WInpD. : Sib es Em Pm | a, s| wi Sez 5 Prevailing 4 8 | 2 2 General aspect of the Sky. SF SO direction. soa sg Siam rales | |} o |Inches tb |} Miles 13/ 122.0; 0.04; Hby N&SE |... | 41.3] Bto2a.m.\itol2a. m. ‘clouds of different kinds to 11 | ip. M. Light Rat 1; &7 vp. m. Mari2o.6 |) oa, 1 oS EedeS W |... 52.4 ‘_ito4a.m.0O toll p.m. | ID at 7 a. M. 15: 140.7! 0.14,SSE& ENE... |. 51.5! O to 8 a.m Sto4p, mw | | Oto 7 vp. Mm. 8 toll p.m. (Slight R from 5 to7 a. M. & between 5 & 6 P. M. 16)146:3) .« | NNEG@EN E'| .,.| 726) ‘Ni to8 «. ma tos Pie Btoll vp. Mm. 17; 146.0; ... [EKSE,NE & ENE ... | 60.6) \NitolO a.m. “ito3 P. m.
Li to 6 p. mM. Btoll p.m, Slightly foggy at 10 &11lvP. m. 18} 138.4] ... ENE | 1638] Bto9a. mM. “rte 6 PB a. Bto 11 vp. mM. Foggy from midnight to5 a. mM. & at 10& id 2; a
| 146.8; ... EN E. .. | 42.1} Btol0a.m. cito4Pp. M. B toll p. m., Slightly foggy at midnight & 1 a. M. & from 9toll P.M.
20'145.0| .... | HNEGNE |... | 61.2] B to 9 a. w. Ti to2p, mw. i to 4 Pp. um. Btoll P. m. ‘Slightly foggy from midnight to 2 a.m. & between 7 & 8 p.m.
i9
21) 145.0}... NESAENE |...) S84: Bitod al Me Sto 7 aoe Bto9 a.m. \ ito3 p.m. B to 1l P.M. 22) 143.8 ». INE,ENE&NNW| ... | 123.1 B: 23,142.5| ... INbyE& EN E) ... | 122.5| Bto4a.m.\ito 6 Pv. m. | Btollp. m. 24)... 1.18 |ENE,SSE&EbyS| 2.0; 115.0; \i to 4 a.m. 8S to6a. m.
O to 11 p. m. Brisk wind bet- ween 11 &12 4. m.Tat12a. M., Slight R at 7; & from 11 a. M. toll P.M.
Na Cirri,—i Strati, ~i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, n_i Cumulo-strati, Wi Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, 8 stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R. rain, D drizzle.
Meteorological Observations. ]xxxiv
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, am the month of October 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &c.,
cog pe WInp. BE 5s 5 £ |». | General aspect of the Sk ; 5 ae : : $ : g Ba Z Prevailing 4 5 aS eneral aspect o e Sky a ivection. es @ = coal ln 3 ‘ales o {Inches tb | Miles. ri ee 3.90} ENE&NE | 2.0/ 261.5; O Brisk wind from 5 4. m.
to 4¢ Pp. M. R whole day.
26) 135.0! 0.27 SE&S ds: | ol. to 7m. uw.” 1 to 7 P.M.
. B toll p.m. Brisk wind from.
85 a4. M. to 23 Pp. m., Slight R after intervals
BP) WSL Ssh) ness SSW&NW |... | 108.6| Btoda.m.Ni to8a. m. \nitolp. mw. \i to 4 Pp. M. Lito8p.m.Stollp. m.
28) 137.0). ... N&NNW i) 86.7) Otol04.mu. 1 & Wi to [NW ll P.M.
29] 140.0: ... INNW, NW & W!-... | 400} S to 1 a. mw. Bto5d a.m. “itolla.m. “ito 4 Pp. M. B to 11 p.m.
30; 141.0; ... |WbyN,W&SW) ... | 19.7} Btol0Oa.m. “ito3p. mM. Wito 6 p.m. Bto ll Pp. m,
ee ke re SW&N W ... | 22.8] Chiefly B.
\i Cirri —i Strati, *i Gumuli, i Cirro-strati, i Oumulo-strati i Nimbi ‘ni Cirro-Cumuli, B clear, § stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lghtning, R rain, D drizzle.
Ixxxv Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of October 1872,
Monturty Resvtts.
Inches. Mean height of the Barometer for the month ... v1. 29.827 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 9 a. mu. on the 21st ».. 80.005 Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 4 P.M. onthe Ist. ... 29.623 Extreme range of the Barometer during the month iv ve 0.382 Mean of the daily Max. Pressures ai aa ae wer 29.890 Ditto ditto Main. ditto ne ov. 29.769 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month .., ann Ose oy) Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month aoe saat on, wane ae Max. Temperature occurred at 2 ». m. on the 6th S ie bee Min. Temperature occurred at 6 a. M, on the 25th ae ra OF Extreme range of the Temperature during the month = eet eee Mean of the daily Max. Temperature... =the aes 5 > 86.9 Ditto ditto Min. ditto, ie <6), Cabdoetea Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month .., in 9.7 Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month ee eye Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 3.9 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month is ae Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew- point 6.6 Inches. Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month cine ah ».. ° 0.849 Troy grain. Mean Weight of Vapour for the month is oe Additional W eight of Vapour required for complete saturation .., 2.14 Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.81 oO Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month .., oa | ae Inches. Rained 13 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours nee ‘i. aoe Total amount of rain during the month fit: Osa Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemometer during the month .. ge es 7.89 Prevailing direction of the Wind nie TT E. N. BE. & N. E.
* Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground,
taken at the S. G. O. Calcutta, in the month of Oct. 1872.
tons Montruuy Resvutts.
.
¢ U
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observa
ar wind blew, together with the
|
icu
hour any part
iven
ch atag
i
g the number of days on wh
. | a
Tables shew
ined.
wing, it raine
number of days on which at the same hour, when any Bae wind was blo
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Pt i 9 @ <O l~ 3 mn oO sto Zz ae
Mid night
; vor 7 ree ~ | 3 + ah : all ied IL ae iis Ae: ir poi ae
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ae eo aee Oe eee 7 . -t) x
=
Pe a
Meteorological Observations. Ixxxvil
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Caleutla, au the month of November 1872. Latitude 22° 33°” North. Longitude 88° 20’ 34” Bast. Height of the Cistern of the Standard Barometer above the sea level, 18.11 feet.
Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.
4 4 3 _ | Range of the Barometer = Fy Range of the Tempera- <a a Re during the day. Fe E ture during the day. 'D ro) = ie Date.| HZ Ag i eo | Max. | Min. | Dif. | €5 | Max. | Min. | Diff. ss a) = HH Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. ) ) fe) ) A 29.946 | 30.008 | 29.898 | 0.110] 79.6 84.5 75.5 | 9.0 2 945 OO 1 897 104, 79.0 85.0 73.6.( 11.4 3 973 O45 923 122 | 78.4 85.2 13.2 | 12.0 4, 970 021 927 094 | 77.8 84.2 72.0 | 12.2 5 947 O11 897 t14 |} 79.0 85.6 43.0 | 12.2 6 960 O15 O17 098 | 80.6 88.0 74.5 | 13.5 7 941 .022 875 147 80.8 87.5 74.5 | 13.0 8 Jon | 29.990 .870 .120 80.1 87.2 74.0 | 13.2 9 « 957 | 30.027 886 141 79.2 86.3 73.1.| 13.2 10 .983 O61 .935 126+) “76.9 83.6 71.385) 218 11 950 024 887 Won | 0750 83.0 67.5 | 15.6 12 939 | 29.995 882 Ma) 17.8 86.5 70.5 | 16.0 13 .934 | 30.006 .867 139 80.2 87.6 T4.2> |. 43m 14 914 | 29.973 871 102 80.0 86.7 74.0 | 12.7 15 .930 .995 885 110 78.2 85.0 73.0 12:0 16 .932 997 872 125 75.3 81.4 70.0") ILA 17 .946 | 30.022 .888 134 | 73.9 81.5 67.5 | 14.0 18 .908 | 29.981 .840 141 73.7 83.0 68.0 | 15.0 1g 955 | 30.029 898 131 | 74.2 82.0 67.5 | 14.5 20 977 O51 .907 144, 74.7 82.8 68.5 | 14.3 21 O71 047 915 132 Hispal 83.2 69.3 | 13.9 22 .928 004 883 121 75.2 82.3 69.4 | 12.9 23 877 | 29.949 813 136 75.8 83.4 69.5 | 13.9 24 905 .980 .833 147 75.1 82.8 68.5 | 14.3 25 974 | 30.043 .927 116 | 74.5 82.2 68.6 | 13.6 26 .962 043 .902 141 70:9 79.4 64.0 | 15.4 27 942 .018 883 135 | 70.9 79.9 63.2 | 16.7 28 .948 .006 .896 110 71.2 80.0 64.5 | 15.5 29 928 | 29.985 863 122 | 72.6 80.9 65.0 | 15.9 30 .960 | 30.020 917 .103 74.2 81.0 69.6 | 11.4
The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observations, made at the several hours during the day.
Ixxxvill Meteorological Observations,
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations
taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, an the month of November 1872.
Daily Means, &e. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements
dependent thereon. —( Continued.)
~ A #3 43 E 6 BH | Oba tes . a oe nc be g | so lags bee P4 H ee poe Se WM Ai = ro) = ° G4 42 ‘soo | | > E Ss ae Sve "8, Ses 9 3 2 a Z ee | Be Se te a Date.) * > .: ee BS is Se "ep 2 -t eae 2 E's ees = S . SH oro | SH 1&9 fee | 2] 2) 32) ef | ee | bpeisee S A by g ay ES a8 | Sera ae i S BR foie 8.) 2 ees aA A oO = a a <q a T. | Neopet | ) ) | Ce) 9) Taher | Tage Bones | 1 | 60>] 46°04 718 728). | 0-778: 8.31 2.38 0.78 2 | 73.0 | 6.0 68.8 | 10.2 699 7.56 94 72 3 | 72.0 | 6.4, 67.5 10.9 .670 26 3.05 70 4 | 73.0 4.8 69.6 8.2 717 ay 2.36 a Beal Wa2>) 14.8 70.8 8.2 746 8.07 43 ay 6 | 753 | 6.3 7b 590 766 25 16 15 om 7s.) |< 67 714 9.7 758 a .96 73 Beit 7a2s| 6.9.t4 7Odyy 10.0).)- $729): ).. 7.8% Oi.) > 8 i 2.7) 6.5 | 68.1 11.1.) 1684 38 Bass. 70 10 | 69.3 | 7.6 64.0 12.9 | .597 6.48 .38 .66 Fiesy 68-7 | 63 | 643 10.7 | .608 57 2.74 7 12 72.9 | 49 | 695 8.3 715 7.75 38 47 13) 75.4 a8 oe VOR | 8.2 776 8.36 52 NE 14 | 74.9 5.1 71.3 8.7 758 18 63 76 1B si 72.9 5.3 69.2 9.0 .708 "7.67 58 75 16 | 69.4 5.9 65.3 10.0 623 6.79 61 72 17 68.1 5.8 64.0 9.9 597 52 49 72 18 | 68.0 5.7 | 64.0 9.7 | .597 5 44 73 19hgt BR 5.5 | 64.8 9.4 613 vi 38 74 20 | 692 | 5.5 658.1 °94 | 1628 81 42 74 21 69.8 5.3 66.1 9.0 .640 97 37 75 22 70.4 4.8 67.0 2 659 7.18 19 17 23. | 70.4 5.4, 66.6 9.2 651 08 46 74 o4-4. 6960| 6.5) 1 65.7 94 | .632 | 6.89 AB 74 25 68'1 6.4: 97 - 63.6 10.9 .| .590 43 75 70 ogi Al BSI. F7 57.00) Jao rd. aye 5.19 3.04 63 27 64.5 6.4 59.4 11%6 <2)” 518 62 2.61 63 23 | 64.9 6.3 59.9 | 11.8 521 72 58 69 : 29 66.2 6.4 611.4 Sus 543 .93 73 69 30 | 69.0 | 5.2 65.4 | 8.8 | .626 6.82 27 75
Ail the Hygrometrical elements are computed hy the Greenwich Constants.
_ Meteorological Observations Ixxxix:
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations. taken at the Surveyor Generals Office, Calcutta, in, the month of November 1872.
Hourly Means, &c. ¢. Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements
dependent thereon.
‘3 Range of the Barometer =e. Range of the Tempera- 5 8 3 for each hour during cB By ture for each hour ob © the month. © during the month. e22 me Hour.) © Bo i 5 : 133 | Max. | Min. | Diff. | £8 | Max. | Min. | Diff : Ad a | : Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. fo) ) ra) | Oo | Mid- night./ 29.948 | 29.991 | 29.851 | 0.140 F33 78.0 67.0 It.6 1 .938 984 84 .140 72.7 Yas 66.4 tt 2 .929 947 Sam, |, 142 72.2 77.0 66.0 11.0 | a .920 ORE 833 138 71.7 76.5 65.4 1. 4, 919 .968 .840 128 Pret 76.0 64.8 11.2 5 .932 .982 856 126 70.7 75.6 64.0 11.6 6 949 | 30.003 .882 121 ZO.3 75.5 63.2 12.3 ys 967 * 020 895 125 70.6 76.0 63.5 12.5 8 .992 045 .934, All 73.6 79.0 66.0 13.0 9 30.011 061 .949 112 76.7 co | 69.0 12.3 10 O08 O54 943 ELE 79.1 84.2 72.5 1.7 Eh 29.989 O40 924 116 80.9 86.0 75.3 10.7 Noon. .962 009 .886 123 81.9 86.6 77.0 9.6 1 .929 | 29.978 857 121 82.8 87.6 78.4 | 9.2 2 .908 954 .830 124 83.4 87.3 79.4¢, |s 4.2 3 895 943 818 125 83.2 88.0 78.8 9.2 4, 892 935 813 .122 81.9 86.3 77.3 9.0 5 902 943 .822 121 80.7 85.2 76.0 9.2 6 914| 948} .840 108 18.5 83.0 73.0 10.0 7 931 974 851 123 hak 81.5 71.4 10.1 8 948 .982 .866 ELE 76.1 80.5 70.5 10.0 9 .958 993 872 1Z1 75.2 80.0 69.5 10.5 10 962 | .994 870 | .124 74.5 79.4 68.3 TEE 11 959 | 30.002 859 143 73.8 79.0 68.0 | 11.0 | The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb
Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several
hours during the month.
xe Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of November 1872.
Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued).
2
A > 3 g : ae) elie ea ‘a at Vie 2 PS | es ey -Q rb) rob) fo) SH 45 = ee eee E 2 3 5 4 ss |EEE |o83 Geel Bod | 8 old of BEE ,O 2 3 a Be D15 cs . o nA A es e = Ba.| Be JES | ees a 3 s 5, AS a2] @. | oe ee 63 | pb Bo] Be | 82 (08s | Se eweee S A 5 & Ax Sls SA aro isos
oO re) oO re) Tnchegy: |) 40. er. +) 0. pate Mid-
night.| 70.0 3.3 67.4, 5.9 | 0.668 7.39 1.54 0.83 1 69.5 3.2 66.9 5.8 .657 19 49 83 2 69.1 3.1 66.6 5.6 651 2 43 83 3 68.7 3.9 66.3 5.4, 644 .08 135 84 4 68.3 2.8 66.1 5.0 .640 .03 25 85 5 68.0 27 65.8 4.9 634 6.97 Bi 85 6 67.7 2.6 65.6 4.7 .630 .93 15 .86 7 67.9 27 65.7 4.9 .632 95 .20 85 8 69.4, 4.2 66.5 eA .648 7.09 84, 79 9 70.6 6.1 66.3 10.4 644 O1 2.79 72 10 71.6 7.5 66.3 12.8 644 6.96 3.57 .66 ll 72.0 8.9 65.8 16.1 634 83 4.27 62 Noon.| 71.9 | 10.0 64.9 17.0 615 62 "82 58 1 72.3 | 10.5 64.9 17.9 615 .60 5.15 .56 ; 72.4 | 11.0 64.7 18.7 611 5A 42 55 3 72.3 | 10.9 64.7 18.5 611 5A .B5 55 4 77 | 10.2 64.6 17.3 .609 5S 4.89 57 5 72.0 8.7 65.9 14.8 .636 185 19 62 6 72.5 6.0 68.3 10.2 688 | 7.45 2.90 72 7 72.2 4.9 68.8 8.3 .699 59 33 G7 8 71.8 4.3 68.8 7.3 .699 60 .03 79 9 71.4 3.8 68.7 6.5 .697 58 1.79 81 10 70.9 3.6 68.4 6.1 .690 53 65 82 11 70.3 3.5 67.8 6.0 677 .39 59 82
—_—
All the Hygrometrical clements are computed by the Greenwich Constants.
Meteorological Observations. XCl
Abstract of the yee of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at thé Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of November 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &e
General aspect of the Sky.
Btol04a.‘mM “ito4r.u. B to lip. we
B to9 a. mM., Aito lv. u. B to ll Pp. M.
B to 4a, M., Wi to 84, wu. B to 11 p.m
B to94a.m., “ito3 p.m. B ito ll P. um.
DB to 10 4. w..."r to Poa. B to llPp.m
B to 1la.m., Wito 3p. mu. B to 11 p.-m.
to. ds Mi, \i to 7 a. Mo to IL a. uw, —ito 4 Pp, w..B to ll Pp. M.
Be tO D2 a, a ON tae P.M. Btoll p.m.
137 B. Brisk wind from 12} a. mu.
to 25 P. M. B to Wl a. M., “ito 7 Pp. uM. B
1 to 7, A. Ms ee toh ee Mi Pp. mM. Bto QE. mu, Vi to
5 to 10 a. m., clouds of dif-
a4 oe... Winp. Ss 5 22'S 2s & ag ae Blas S| 4:8 |aai | Prevailing HW Gli 's S| Safa 0 direction. soa 8 G = o ra | are | & 2 o Inches ib |Miles mai ss, i NW & NN by E | ... 7.8 Giglio! ... N & N by W 19.5 3} 142.4] ... N by W 32.9 4,135.0; ... INby W&NNW) ... | 54.8 6148.5) ... (NNW &EN E 102.2 6 ENE&NNW 70.3 7 N &N by E 105.1 nn .. | NbyE,ENE&NE| 0.1} 67.6 Osan a NE&N 0.1] 72.9 OL es ie NNE&N 10°} 118. 2 ras... me N& N by W 203.9 EA192.0| ... | Nby W.& NE 92.0 13) 142.5 | ... NE&EbyN 82.5 14, 142.3) .., Eby N&N 81.0 [by E 16} 141.5| ... | NNE,ENE&N 108.0 16; 139.5 | , NbyE&N[NW 82.2 17| 139.0 NbyE, NNW & 70.8 18; 140.2 N W 83.4 19} 137.0 Wby N& WNW 33.7
ferent kinds to 5p. Mm. Bto llpM.
B to 64.M., \ito 62, mM. B to ll p.m. Shghtly foggy from 7to9P. M.
\G Cirri,—i Strati, ~i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strati, ~_i Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning,
R rain, D drizzle.
xcil Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations- taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the mouth of November 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &e.
ae | Se WInp. hers @ 2 Ss UE is ie A Prater : Eb 2 General aspect of the Sky. Shee Puree I direction. sola = pieeee otal ia ee | 0 inches | ih | Miles 20, 139.5 W&NE 34.71 Bto4da.M., 21 to 8a aS to 10 a.M., \_i to bP. Mi. Bute ll Pp. mM. 21! 135.0 NE&N 40.7| BtolOa.m., ito4pP. wiB | toll 2. Mis a 125.0 N*E & W N W 23.7.| 3B. to, 3 am, \i to 7 ewes to 1] P. M. 23/ 139.7 Nby W& NW 37.3), -S.toF Ann, Sa tee ear B to’'2'P. M., \ito GP! Mi 6 1] p. m. Slightly foggy at 10 & 1] P.M. 24) 137.0 N & W by N 6.2.) B to7 a, at), \i tom eae, 25) 136.0 NW &NNE 64.81 B to 4°a. acs°\i to 10:4. i. | ito lp. mu. B to Il p. M. 26) 136.8 NW& NNW W 83.0 ; 27| 134.5 NW, NNE&NN 566.21" B to lew; Xi tobe. Me ito ll Pp. mM. 28, 138.0 NbyE& NE 77.3. °B to 4, a. a; Ni to 11 Pan Slightly foggy at7 &8 P.M. | 29) 138.0 NE&ENE 116.740 ‘BR. to HAs Mi Ste TA. Bee to 124. mu., Wi to 4P.mM. Sto | LiPo 80} 122.5] 0.02; NE& ENE 100.4} Oto9a.m. Sto 6 vp. m. Oto
llve.m. Light Rat3& ll a.m.
\.i Cirri,—i Strati, “i Cumuli, i Cirro-strati, ni Cumulo-strati, Wi Nimbi, \~i Cirro-cumuli, B clear, 8 stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning R. rain, D drizzle.
Meteorological Observations. xcili
Abstract of the Results of the Iourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Culeutla, wu the month of November 1872:
Monruty Rusvuuts.
Inches. Mean height of the Barometer for the month ,., 1. 29.994 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 9 a. um. on the 10th . S0.06L Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 4 P. mw. on the 23rd. ... 29.813 xtreme vange of the Barometer during the mouth ae + 248 ‘Mean of the daily Max. Pressures Tis ie ae ... BO.012 Ditto ditto” Mun. ditto at ... 29.888 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month a! ~~ Oe 5 ° Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month ¥ + Wise ee) ee Max. Temperature occurred at 1». Mm. on the 13th a a. STG Min. Temperature occurred at 6 A. M, on the 27th ra bees Itxtreme range of the Temperature during the month aes ee pees Mean of the daily Max. Temperature _... a St ears. of Ditto — ditto Min. ditto, ves MTS Mean daily range of the ‘Temperature during the month... mee ae endl Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month ae See: Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 5.7 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month 3. 2 66.6 Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew- -point 9.7 Inches. Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month site ss a» =O:Gol
Troy grain.
Mean Weight of Vapour for the month as. ROT Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation oe. eo Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.73 ) Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month ..., mee A Inches. Rained 1 day,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours vee am «€=©66 Oe Total amount of rain during the month ot ee Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemometer during the month “ae sae Nil Prevailing direction of the Wind _ ~. | BERN. See
* Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground.
Monrtuty Resvtrs. Tables shewing the number of days on which at a given hour any particular wind blew, together with the
Absiraet of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the S. G. O. Caleutia, in the month of Novr. 1872.
Meteorological Observations, Xciv
‘uO WIRY
"Ma Aq°
‘uo wey |
‘M'NUN
HHH AAD a THAD ANAAH SH
re ANAM OMMOMHRANN aad AW AADNMMA AR
0 BIE ae ae
uo WIRY
“MN M ‘uo WEY
ST FH OCMMOMANANH A ASHMMMMNMHAAHAHD
a AR AAAN NA BAARAANIANHNHAHH
re ee
‘uo Wey “8 Aq" ‘UO WIRY
Q Saeenaae A A eA = a
“M'S*M “uo UlBy _. "M'S "UO WIRY “M'S 'S "uO UIA “M 44'S ‘UO UIBYY ‘Ss ‘UO UIVIT Cae as Be Bei Ca. soe ‘UO ULB aS ‘UO UlB{T ps: ey “uO ULeyY “uo ULBYT we. "dO WIRY
No. of days.
“N 4q “a
“uo Urey aa. WN ace ‘HO UIVIY~L “a he
"uo Wey “A CNN ‘uo Urey ‘a Aq SN ‘uo Uley
"N
number of days on which at the same hour, when any particular wind was blowing, it rained.
z Ei
See eee ee ci SSeS ee et ren ANK KARA AAA eS
St SARAH RANHOO 1 BPMRMNAANRANAN rei
Sa AANANANUDAAA A ANWA } }3Aone
oO OM Hi9 Hi9 ONS ri mt OU OD OD SH SH SH 10 10 ©
OD SACI OD <1 OD rat <A SH s AFAROMMOOO AON
MAM AFIOONnDAOr rl od AH OOH DO r+ ere ware
Mid night 3| Noon,
Meteorological Observations.
xe
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, in the month of December 1872.
‘Latitude 22° 33’ 1” North. Longitude 88° 20’ 34” Fast.
Height of the Cistern of the Standard Barometer above the sea level, 18.11 feet. Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.
Date.
O OWS Os & Oe
the Barometer
Mean Height of at 32° Faht.
Tneches.
29.982 919 831 846 .940 998 977 .968 983 oe D 948 951 952 .968 .990
30.041 O91 O49 O18 021 .0O09
29.979 OFF .985
30.043 O91 009
29.948 952 .926 924
Range of the Barometer during the day.
Max.
Inches. | Inches. | Inches.
30.054. OL 29.890
.082
Min.
29.941 844 766 .796 876 953 .925 914 .930
914 894 -JOL 892 915 RSS| 984
30.039
29.979 956 .976 941 924) 924, .939 973
30.031
29.922 897 890 .866 878
| |
Diff.
0.113 157 124 .108 .130 129 133 130 129 136 134 121 135 125 al t6 131 127 140 131 118 146 131 140 ak) 152 155 .180 125 145 138 113
v
Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer.
oO
19 OOO OM ORM BR NIN OL
oR DWT ORE NH OR DDH RNOAHOWARDOONN
WIA DAXARXAATARHOOWIINITAITAINN Ss _—
SOOO SE
DORMHABDAW2ONN Or Or Or Ot I GD OO OO Or
Range of the Tempera- ture during the day.
} |
Max.
SST SST SST a eT ST eT NT OO ATO OH OWODIIMDODAAOOHENWNN 4 MODOONOONWERWOOONNOW
Min.
DD Ww DD DY CO — Or ty OVO OW © °
DAHAHRWAMNBHAHAAD WAN SCOMVOUSHYERAWOME
] | |
Diff.
pm °
or 00 90
a ee ee ee el aie
eR Rg AAS pg ode alg PON ge dE WAaMONTOSBRFPOAUNWNHHEWWARXONAN
The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived, from the hourly observatious, made at the several hours during the day.
xevi Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, an the mouth of December 1872.
Daily Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—( Continued.)
' * 5 Ce =| . Gy fg, ¢ res E ae . eH | SEs tee. a E © A 8 Ses | oe eee i al - 2 on 2 aa i ) 2 © ey +42 om A © a a i E 6 5:0 |S Seee lee o a) 2 S S = ee | Ee eae Ey Date. 45 fh 3 % i s op 2 ay High ry a3 > = 3 } Sy | 24 - aaa ee) 2 | 8 | 4 | 88 | BS | see iscg =i) = 6 as Aa 8 Si pose = 2 A 4 E Ba (Se | £5 (See = A oO QA = a aad = | ) oy) oy) 9) Inches.) ‘T) ge. | T. ge: 1 715 4.2 68.6 7.1 | 0.695 7.56 1.95 0.80 2 73.8 3.4 71.4 5.8 761 8.25 70 .83 8 75.2 2.7 73.3 4.6 .809 75 Al .86 4 70.9 3.1 68.7 5.3 697 7.61 43 84, 5 68.5 5.3 64.8 9.0 .613 6.71 2.27 75 6 65.2 6.2 60.2 11.2 527 5.78 57 69 7 64.8 5.7 60.2 10.3 527 79 34, 71 R 65.8 5.5 61.4 9.9 548 6.02 31 72 9 61.3 7.5 55.3 13.5 447 4.93 78 64 10 60.3 6.5 55.1 11.7 444 92 34 68 11 63.4 6.2 58.4 11.2 .496 5.46 44, 69 12 64.4 5.6 59.9 10.1 521 73 27 72 13 64.2 55 59.8 9.9 520 Ba 22 72 14 63.6 5.5 59.2 9.9 509 62 16 yh 15 63.9 5.2 59.7 9.4 518 72 .06 74, 16 64.9 4.9 61.0 8.8 AL 95 .00 75 17 65.3 4.5 61.7 8.1 554 6.09 1.86 Th : 18 65.8 4.6 62.1 8.3 561 ay .93 76 19 66.2 4.7 62.4 8.5 567 22 2.01 .76 20 65.8 5.3 61.6 9.5 552 05 .23 43 21 64.4 6.3 59.4 11.3 513 5.63 55 .69 22 64.0 5.1 59.9 9.2 521 74, 04, 74 23 64.2 5.2 60.0 9.4 523 76 10 73 24 64.5 5.1 60.4, 9.2 .530 84 .06 74 25 62:2 5.9 57.5 10.6 481 31 24, 70 26 60.9 5.8 56.3 10.4 462 13 10 Ti 27 61.8 5.5 57.4 9.9 .480 .30 07 +E. 28 60.8 5.0 56.8 9.0 470 [oa 1.83 74 29 60.3 5.3 56.1 9.5 459 10 .90 73 . 80 60.0 5.5 55.6 9.9 452 .02 .96 72 31 60.2 5.1 56.1 9.2 459 Ad. .82 74
Ajl the Hygrometrical elements are computed by the Greenwich Constants.
Meteorological Observations XCV1L
Abstract of the Lesults of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, mm the month of December 1872.
Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.
a Range of the Barometer = : Range of the Tempera- 2 9 - for each hour during ea ® ture for each hour ~ = ae the month. ne: during the month. h Hour.| © con A g aan A qo ; S Fi oe) Max. Min. Diff. Ss Max. Min. Diff. as aa | aoe Inches. | Inches. | Inches. | Inches. ) Oo 0 ° Mid- night.| 29.979 | 30.096 29.815 | 0.281 67.1 75.8 61.4, 14.4 1 orl .087 809 .278 66.4 75.8 60.5 15.3 2 .962 .069 .803 .266 65.7 75.6 59.8 15.8 3 .953 .066 796 .270 65.0 75.6 59.0 16.6 4, 951 .064 801 .263 64.4 75.5 58.6 16.9 5 .963 O81 811 .270 64.0 75.8 58.0 17.8 6 981 100 .833 .267 63.6 76.0 57.4 18.6 Fe 30.002 126 845 281 63.5 76.3 57.4 18.9 8 .029 159 873 .286 65.4 76.5 59.5 17.0 9 .050 181 .890 291 68.6 77.0 63.5 13.5 10 050 186 886 800 71.8 79.5 66.2 13-3 11 .030 159 872 .287 74.6 81.5 70.0 11.5 Noon.| 29.998 128 .838 .290 76.3 83.0 70.9 12.1 1 .966 094 .809 285 77.3 82.0 13.2 8.8 2 941 056 .785 271 78.1 83.7 74.3 9.4 3 .928 .039 .769 .270 17.9 82.0 74.7 7.3 4, 925 043 .766 sare 16.7 81.6 73.2 8.4 5 933 .059 781 .278 75.3 80.8 71.9 8.9 6 944 O71 195 .276 42.7 19.2 68.5 10.7 7 .960 .082 813 .269 71.2 78.6 66.9 lle 8 974 .093 824, .269 70.1 78.5 65.2 13.3 9 .985 .102 .836 266 69.0 76.9 64.3 12.6 10 .988 .O99 .829 .270 68.2 76.4 63.0 13.4 11 985 -LOF .837 264 67.5 76.0 62.5 13.5
a aa
The Mean Height of the Barometer, as likewise the Dry and Wet Bulb Thermometer Means are derived from the observations made at the several
hours during the month,
xevill Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Calcutta, am the month of December 1872.
Hourly Means, &c. of the Observations and of the Hygrometrical elements dependent thereon.—(Continued).
i
a ; 45 C4 Bs baie Buns F fs 2 ‘3 A 5 ° Bia. | 2 8 | BE = EE - ay = SS > | 258 Ihe w a © a es 8 C4 = a ee ey eanity eee g 5 vs eS |ERE (SS H = ih a a a 8 S& | FSS loss saad i 3 os ol BDO 5 ame, tee “ch ae = a 8 fy | 22 | S42 (P88 | ee "2 a= Po: As rl ) Ops Ia o 8 = om 5 Ae ; ) | Seer ay me | ag = ae aay Aa | seed) Bas Ama” o5 | p> = Po o = og eee © 8 | Si =| la 3 am Ss ISA | aro sos | | Oo o Oo oO Inches: |» TL gry Diem Mid- | - night.; 64.0 3.1 61.5 5.6 | 0.550 6.09 1.23 0.83 1 635 | 2.9 61.2 5.2 544 04 13 84, 2 63.0 2.7 60.8 | 4.9 537 5.96 .06 85 3 62.4 2.6 60.3 4.7 528 87 00 85 4 61.9 | 2.5 59.6 | 4.8 Big) 74 .00 85 5 61.6 24 59.4 | 4.6 B13 v1.70 0.95 .86 6 61.3 2.3 59.2 AA 509 68 189 87 7 61.2 2.3 59.1 4.4 | .508 66 189 .86 8 | 624 | 3.0 60.0 5.4, 523 | .8L | 11d | 8h 9 | 63.9 4.7 60.1 | 8.5 bee ae 89 75 7.16 A | BA bo.3.4% Wu | Bae) tee 2.66 69 1l | 66.6 8.9 61.0 | 36 |"; .641 | /g0 3.31 | .64 | | Kon #714) OB B07 4 MO. pees). RL See 60 1 | 6738), 10.0° | 60.3%) 17.0 4] 3628 73 4.25 57 2 67.6 | 10.6 | 602 17.9 527 70 52 56 3 | 67.4 | 10.5 | 60.0 | 17.9 | 623 66 50 56 4 | 669 | 98 60.0 16.7 623 “| /.67 13 58 5 671 | 82. | 614 13.9 648 | 67 3.43 64 6 | 67.3 | 5.4 | 63.0 9.7 578 6.32 2.36 73 y \- BBe ely GES 63.1 8.1 580 37 1.93 i. 8 | 66.9), 42 62.5 7.6 .568 25 78 718 9 | 65.2 3.8 62.2 6.8 563 20 56 80 10 | 647 | 3.5 619 |° 63 SY 16 AY 81 11 | 642 | 83 616 | 6a > ‘bee “10 133 “82 | | | | | |
All the Hygrometrical clements are computed by the Greenwich Constants.
Meteorological Observations. xeix
Abstract of the Mesults of the Hourly Meteorological Observations
Max. Solar radiation
Date.
O
4 (SU) ite) jos)
2; 135.0
3, 141.0
4) 134.5
5 135.6
6 133.4
7| 135.7 8 134.0
9/ 134.0
10) 131.8 11) 133.6
12) 132.0 13) 133.0
14) 134.2
taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Culcutta,
in the month of December 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &ce.
WIND.
Prevailing direction.
ain Guage ft. above
Ground
B) \ i B)
# il ~ Max.
Inches|
ENE
[E ENE,EbyN&Sby) ...
0.03 | Sby E& NE
0.06 NE
NE NE&NNW NW&NNW
NE
ee NE&NW
NW&NNW NbyW&NE
NE NE N E
Pressure
26.2
150.3
92.4)
43.4
44.7
20.8
20.6
93.8 140°0
120.6 83.0 46.0
General aspect of the Sky.
\i to 44. M., \Wito6Pp.m.B
to 11 p.m. Slightly foggy from 9to ll P.M.
B to3a.m., \ito4p.mu.§
to 8 p. M. B to 11 p.m. Slightly foggy at midnight & 1 a.m. D at 7 A.M.
\i to 2 a. mM. O to 9 a. w., Ai
to7 p.mM.Otolle.m. LightR at 5 a.M.,3 & 43 P.M.
O to 10 alm., i to Beene
O to7 vp. M. Bto 1] p.m. Light R at 24, 3,4 .& between 8 & 9 A. M.
BE: t0°S 42m, Naito Soka.
to 11 p. m. Slightly foggy at 8, 10 & 1l p. mu.
B to 6a. m., \i to &P. m., Ni
& <i to 9P. Mm. Btoll p. m. Slightly foggy at midnight.
DB to 5 4.'M., Nitto Ob ee
to ll p.m. Slightly foggy at 8 & 9 P.M.
B to 6 An Mal to) 2 oe
Ni to 9:4. Mi Bto 6 P.M, Erte
ll P. Mm.
\.1-& \i to 2 4... Bi torrl P.M.
Chiefly B.
“1 to § 4“. Mu. Bto 12 2 ee \1 & ito 4p. M., \ni to 11 P.M.
Nai t6 1. «a. M. Bio lg aoa.
‘i to 6 P. M., \al to lp
\.1 tov l «a. uM. Bi toa eee OY 86 Et tOcOP- um. B to ll Pp. Mm. Btoll a. .M., “110 33. a
toll Pp. M.
Xi Cirri,—i Strati, ~i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, ~-i Cumulo-strati, 1 Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, S stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning, R rain, D drizzle.
Meteorological Observations.
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations tuken at the Surveyor Ceneral’s Office, Calcutta, wn the month of December 1872.
Solar Radiation, Weather, &c.
as 5 = WIND. seer ciate a «| °s Is 4 S| Prevailing Re = bs st General aspect of the Sky. E| SE [e-.0} — direction. asa 2 | Pe fal es o }Inches lb ) Miles
15. 132.0 NE Av Sao: (ee
16 131 N EK 67.6 |. Bto lla. m., “1 tod. a to7 p. Mm. _i1& Wi to9P. Mm., B to ll p. mM.
17; 131.0 NE 29.7.) Bto ll ast. “ite, aes a, Bto 11 p. m., Slightly foggy at 8&9P.M. ;
18 136.2 ENE&WNW 25.5 | Chiefly B Slightly foggy from § to 8 a. M.
19 180.8 WNW&NNE 65.2; Bto 8 p.m. “ito 6 P.M. Btollv. m. Slightly foggy at at 10 & 11 P.M.
20, 134.8 NNE& NW TW 64.3 | B. Slightly foggy at midnight.
21) 135.5 NW,NNW&WN 56.2| Btol p.m. ‘i to 67. m.B
| to ll p. Mm. Slightly foggy at 11 P. M. :
22 130.0 WNW,NNW&N 76.1; BtobBa-m. \ito 62P. MB to ll p.m. Slightly foggy from 9to ll P.M.
2aush3 NE&N W 50.4], B to J 2.. aio Bea, Slightly foggy from midnight to2p.m.&7to10 Pp. mM.
24, 130.5 NE&EbyN 51.4; Bto 2p.mM. nito 4P7.M.B to ll p.m. Slightly foggy from 8 tolOp. mM.
25 130.0 S,ENE&N 22) 28.
26) 129.0 NE 130.87 *'B:
27, 129.4, Nby E,NE&N 168.9| B.
28) 124.0 NNE&NE 100.5 | B. Slightly foggy at 6 & 7 a.
mM. & from 7 to 9 P. M.
29 128.0] .. NE 92.9| B.
80) 129.3| .. NE&NW 68.4| B. Slightly foggy from 9 to ll Pp. M.
31) 122.5 NWE&NE 65.8} B Slightly foggy from mid-
night to2 4.M.&9 tollp. Mm.
Na Cirri,—i Strati, ~i Cumuli, \_i Cirro-strati, »_i Cumulo-strati, \._i Nimbi, \ni Cirro-cumuli, B clear, 8 stratoni, O overcast, T thunder, L lightning
R. rain,
D drizzle.
Meteorological Observations. cl
Abstract of the Ltesults of the Hourly Meteorological . Observations taken at the Surveyor General’s Office, Culculla, mn the month of December 1872.
MontTuiy Resutrts.
Inches.
Mean height of the Barometer for the month ,.. nee, 29.997 Max. height of the Barometer occurred at 10 4. um. on the 26th »«. 30.186 Min. height of the Barometer occurred at 4 Pp. mM. on the 3rd. ons 29-766 Hetreme range of the Barometer during the month oe SA Mean of the daily Max. Pressures vet st =F +» 30.052 Ditto ditto Min. ditto ais .-. 29.920 Mean daily range of the Barometer during the month Nee a Oa.
oy)
Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer for the month ie ee sce TOO Max. Temperature occurred at2 ». M. on the 3rd op 23 Boe Min. Temperature occurred at 6 & 7 a. M, on the 31st a oe y oem Latreme range of the ‘Temperature during the month a ve | 26S Mean of the daily Max. Temperature... ba aes one 5 of Gea Ditto. . ditto Min. ditto, sea te _10asdl Mean daily range of the Temperature during the month .., i Lad Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer for the month + O48 Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above Mean Wet Bulb Thermometer 5.2 Computed Mean Dew-point for the month ft EOS Mean Dry Bulb Thermometer above computed mean Dew- -point 9.4 Inches.
Mean Elastic force of Vapour for the month ine te a 0.584
Troy grain.
Mean Weight of Vapour for the month 33) RSE
Additional Weight of Vapour required for complete saturation soo, Deke
Mean degree of humidity for the month, complete saturation being unity 0.73
Ce)
Mean Max. Solar radiation Thermometer for the month ... ee Oy
Inches.
Rained 3 days,—Max. fall of rain during 24 hours as = ~O06
Total amount of rain during the month 2. - OR Total amount of rain indicated by the Gauge* attached to the anemometer
during the month sus ade 5g a. O06
Prevailing direction of the Wind ae a ve E,
* Height 70 feet 10 inches above ground.
~ /
Abstract of the Results of the Hourly Meteorological Observations taken at the S. G. O. Caleutta, in the month of Deer. 18
Montuty REsvUtts.
¢ the number of days on which at a given hour any particular wind blew, together with the
ing
Tables shew
number of days on which at the same hour, when any particular wind was blowing, it rained.
‘UO UY
“uo ULEY,
ma 4q"5° "UO UIRIYT
‘uo UIRI]
oc Mee) Sf ea ANAAATHrAWMA Ss
Meteorological Observations, — . #11
"uo ULBYT
“a Aq RSA ARAAS | "Siento al Oe “uo Wey Ts (cited Dh abe EC a oF
“M'N'N- er ees TT an ee ey ae
“uo ULBYL
‘UO UIBY
"MINIM | & AANQANMAADS
mete) GLB yy
“n4qsa | = a
“M OO
“s qa “uo Wey “MSM aa
“UO ULBY
= ih “SS "uO UIRyY “MS 'S ‘uo UB
Sg ret aA re rm rs
re
rei Mr Sees St Saeed
‘a 4a‘
——_———_——} '
No. of days.
oC i “Ss ees 2, Se eee re ‘dO UleyT
gc ciac “U0 ULBY *s 4q “a ‘uO UIRYY
‘UO WIR
Aq “oT i oq oe ANANNRAAAe
‘UO URI ae “TN OL DO MOM OHAHHAHAMEH A ANNA AAAAA
‘moO URI a oe! eI i
or ar sH 19 1D OO OO © 29 “tO kr i~ CoO) SH OOO sh SH SH <H OD OD <H Gi ri Leelee cen ae cee eee ee os _ ee |
“HO UIBIT
“moO ULE ; aos ao eat ONeS “a 4a‘ N oka
U0 WIBI mp | © @an an a OR HAA ID
BAMA OOMDARDOr cir
MAMA OrnMDD Ort s eter
Noon,
Hour. Mid night
APPENDIX.
Eloff, OF MEMBERS
OF THE
ASIATHC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
PN THE 31ST PECEMBER, 18742
LIST OF ORDINARY MEMBERS.
LLLP eee
The * distinguishes Non-Subscribing, the + Non-Resident Members, and the { Life-Members.
_—_—
N. B.—Gentlemen who may have changed their residence, since this list was drawn up, are requested to give intimation of such a change to the Secretaries, in order that the necessary alterations may be made in the subsequent edition. Errors or omissions in the following list should also be communicated to the Secretaries.
Gentlemen who are proceeding to Europe, with the intention of not returning to India, are particularly requested to notify to the Secretaries, whether it be their de- sire to continue as members of the Society.
Date of Election,
1847 June 2.) *Abbot, Major-Gen. J., R. Artillery. Europe
1871 March 1.| Abbey Walter, Esq., Civil Surgeon. Mergui
1860 Dee. 5.| Abdullatif Khan Bahadur, Maulavi. Calcutta
1868 Sept. 2.) fAdam, R. M., Esq. Sambhar Lake,
1869 Jan. 20.) ¢Adley, C. C., Esq., C. E., Nerbudda Coal & Gunwarra, Cen- Tron Co. tral India
1860 July 4.) +Ahmad Khan, Sayyid, Bahadur. Benares
1860 April 4.|+Aitchison, J. E. T., Esq., M. D. Rawal Pindi.
1859 Feb. 2.) *Alabaster, C., Esq. China
1871 Oct. 4.) Aldis, J. A., Esq., M. A. Calcutta
1866 Jan. 17.) Allan, Lieut.-Col. A. S. Calcutta
1852 July 7.) *Allan, C., Esq., B. C. 8. Europe
1869 Oct. 6.| *Allardyce, A., Esq. Kurope
1871 June 7.|tAlexander, J. W., Esq. Patna
1860 Oct. 3.) Amir Ali Khan, Bahadur, Munshi. Calcutta
1870 June 1.)/7Amir Hasan Khan Bahadur, Raja. Mahmudabad, . Oudh
1865 Jan. 11.) Anderson, Dr. J., F. L. S. Calcutta
1843 Sept. 4.)*Anderson, Lieut.-Col. W., B. Artillery. Europe
1864 Dec. 7.|*Anderson, W., Esq. Europe
1861 Sept. 4.) *Asghar Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab. Europe
1869 Feb. 3. * Ashton, Rev. J. P., Kurope
1861 July 3.)*Asphar, J. J. T. H. , Esq. Kurope
1871 Sept. 6.) Atkinson, KE. T., Esq., C.S. Allahabad
1855 July 4.{ Atkinson, W.S8., Esq., M. A., F. L. S. Calcutta
1869 Feb. 3.) +Attar Smgh Bahadur, Sirdar. Loodiana
1871 April ; Ayrton, W. E., Esq. Calcutta
1835 Oct. 7.) *Baker, Col. W. E., Bengal Engineers. Europe
1859 Aug. 3.) Baléich4nda Sinha, Babu. Calcutta
1865 Nov. 1.| ¢Ball, V., Esq., Geol. Survey. Geol. 8. Office
1560 Nov. 7. Banerjea, Rev. K. M. Calcutta
via Jeypur
iil
Date of Election.
1869 Dee. 1 1864 May 4 1856 Sept. 3 1860 July 4 18388 Jan. 38 1869 Feb. 3 1859 May 4 1861 Feb. 6. 1868 May 6 1849 June 6 1864 Sept. 7 1841 April 7 1847 Aug. 4 1867 July 3 1869 Jan. 20. 1871 March 1. 1830 Sept. 1. 1862 Oct. 8. 1862 June 4. 1864 Nov. 2.
1840 July 15.
1846 March 4. 1859 Sept. 7. 1857 Mar. 1859 Aug.
1871 May
1864 April 1857 Aug. 1871 April
1871 April 1868 Jan. 15. 1854 Nov. 1. 1860 March 2. 1860 Oct. 38. 1871 Oct. 4. 1870 Aug. 3. 1866 April 4. 1847 June 2. 1871 Jan. 4. 1866 Jan. 17. 1866 Nov. 7. 1866 June 6. 1868 June 1871 July 1866 June, 1871 Sept. 6.
3 5. 6
4: 3 3 6. 2 5 5
.| ¢Buckle, Dr. H. B., C. B..
| |
.| Barker, R. A., Esq., M. D. / Woperry,Dr. J. B. |
Bashiruddin, Sultan, Muhammad.
.| }Batten, G. H. M., Hsq., B. C. S. .|*Batten, J. H., Esq., B. C. S. .| t Baxter, J. B., Esq., M. R. C. 8.
Bayley, E. C., Esq., B. C.8., C. S. I. Bayley, S. C., Esq., B. C. S.
.| *Baynes, J., Esq. .|*Beadon, The Hon’ble Sir Cecil, B. C. S. .| tBeames, J., Esq., B. C. 8.
Beaufort, F. L., Esq., B. C. 8.
.|*Beckwith, J., Esq. .| tBelletty, N. A., Esq.
*Bellew, Dr. P. F. Benedict, E., Esq., C. E. *Benson, Lieut.-Col. R. Bernard, C. E., Esq., B.C. 8. +Bhau Daji, Dr.
- Bhudeva Mukerjea, Babu.
*Birch, Major-General Sir R. J. H., K. C._B. *Blagrave, Major T. C., 26th Reegt., B. N. I. *Blane Col. Sir S. J. Blanford, H. F., Esq., A. R. S. M., F. G.S.
fblantord, W. T’.,:Hsq., Ao R.S. M., F. G.
S., Geol. Survey.
.| tBlgh, C. F., Esq.
Blochmann, H., Esq., M. A.
.| *Bogle, Lieut.-Col. Sir. A., Kt. .|tBourn, T. W., Esq.
.| fBourne, Walter, Esq., C. E.
*Boxwell, J., Esq., C. 8. *Boycott, Dr. T., B. M.S. *Brandis, Dr. D.
*Brandreth, The Hon’ble J. E. L. Briggs, J. A., Esq.
+ Broadley, A. M., Esq., C. S.
*Broderick, H. C., Esq., M. D.
*Brodie, Capt. T., 5th Regiment, B. N. I. Brough, R. 8., Esq.
+Brown, Col. D.
+Browne, Lieut.-Col. Horace A.
+Brownfield, C., Esq.
.| +Buck, E. C., Esq., C. S.
+Buckland, C. T., Esq., C.S.
Beerbhoom Europe Chinsurah Agra Europe Sandheads Calcutta Calcutta Kurope Europe Balasore Calcutta Europe Mymensing Europe _ Calcutta Hurope Calcutta Bombay Chinsurah
Europe Kurope Europe Calcutta
Geol. S. Office
Tounghoo, Bur- ma.
Calcutta
Kurope
Yeotmahal, Hast Berar.
Madapoor
Kurope
Europe
Europe
Hurope
Calcutta
| Behar
| Hurope Europe
| Caleutta
Rangoon Thayetmo, burma: Kamrup
Cawnpur Burdwan
Dacca
* Buckle, H., Esq.
Akyab
Date of Election.
1869 Jan. 20. 1859 Sept. 1863 June 1860 Jan. 1868 Aug. 1863 Aug. 1871 Sept. 1868 Feb. 1871 March 1. 1863 April 1. 1868 Nov. 4. 1862 April 2.
OU CUED OO
Cadell, A., Esq., B. A., C. S.
7.|*Campbell, Dr. A:
Campbell, The How’ble G.
.| ¢Carnac, J. H. Rivett, Esq., B. C. 8.
.. +Chandramohana Gosvami, Pandita.
.| ¢Chandranatha Raya, Raja. .|+Chisholm, R. F., Esq.
.|*Clark, Major E. G., Bengal Staff Corps.
+Clarke, C. B. Esq. *Cleghorn, Dr. H.
#Cole, Lieut. H. H., R. E. *Colles, J. A. P., Esq., M. D.
1851 March 5.| *Colvin, J. H. B., Esq., B. C.S.
1871 Oct.
4.| Cooke, H. G., Esq., ©. S.
1868 Dec. 2.|+Cooke, J. E., Esq.
1860 Dee. 5. 1870 June 1. 1857 March 4.
1866 May 1861 July 1871 April 1868 Sept.
1862 April 1847 June 1870 May 1871 Jan. 1861 March 1861 Nov. 1869 April 1856 June 1870 Feb.
1869 Oct. 1861 June 1864 July
1861 March 6. 1862 May 7. 1853 Sept. 7. 1871 March 1. 1870 May 4. 1859 Sept. 7. 1869 Feb. 3.
1870 March 8.
1864 Dec. 7. 1867 June 5. 1861 May 1. 1857 May 6.
QAP NENAASENN NAwLD
*Cooper, F. H., Esq., B. C. 8. Couch, The Hon’ble Sir R.
*Cowell, E. B., Esq., M. A.
*Cox, W. H., Esq.
*Crockett, Oliver R., Esq. Curtoys, W. J., Esq. Cutsem, E. Ch. Van, Esq.
*Dalrymple, F. A. E., Esq., C. S.
+Dalton, Col. E. T., C. S. I., Staff Corps.
+Damant, G. H., Esq., C. S. +Daukes, F C., Esq., C. S. Davey, N. T., Esq., Revenue Survey.
+Davies, The Hon’ble R. H.,C. 8. I., B.C.S.
Day, Dr. F.. F. Bb. 86 24. Ss *DeBourbel, Major R., Bengal Engrs.
*DeFabeck, F. W. A., Esq., Bengal Medical
Service.
+Delmerick, J. G., Esq.
Mozaffernagar Europe Calcutta Nagpur Gowhati Nator Madras Kurope Dacca Europe India Hurope Europe Chittagong Haidarabad Hurope Calcutta Europe Europe China Calcutta Calcutta
Kurope
Chota Nagpur Dinajepore Allahabad Howrah Panjab
India
Oudh
Jeypore Rawal Pindi
*Denison, His Excellency Sir W., K. C. B.| Europe
Devendra Mallika, Babu. *Devereux, The Hon’ble H. B., B. C. S.
Caleutta Kurope
+Dhanapati Singha Dughar, Raya Bahadur.| Azimganj
Dickens, Lieut.-Col. C. H. Dijendranatha Thakura, Babu. Dobson, G. E., Esq., M. B.
+ Douglas, Col. C.
tDrew, F., Esq.
{Duke of Edinburgh, His Royal High-
ness. *Dunlop, H. G., Esq. *Duthoit, W., Esq., C. S. *Earle, Capt. E. L., Bengal Artillery. *EKatwell, Dr. W. C. B.
Caleutta Calcutta Caleutta Meerut Jummoo, via Sealkote
Europe Europe Europe Europe Europe
Date of Election. 1868 Oct. 1863 May 1840 Oct. 1846 Jan. 1859 Nov. 1856 March 1854 Nov. 1861 Jan. 1856 Aug.
1863 Oct. 1862 Aug.
WS7f Feb: “Tt: 1851 May 7. 1863 Jan. 15. 1869 April 7. 1868 May 6. 1869 Sept. 1. 1860 Mar. 7. 1867 April 3. 1861 Feb. 6. 1869 Oct. 12.
1863 June 3. 137! Nov. 1. 1868 April 1.
1860 March 7. 1869 Sept. 1. 1859 Dec. 7. 1867 Sept. 4. 1849 Sept. 5.
1871 June 1871 Aug. 1859 Aug. 1862 Feb. 1867 Sept. 1867 Dee. 1868 Nov. 1859 Sept. 1869 Feb. 1842 Sept.
7 6 7 1865 Feb. 1. 7 2 5 1
9 6 1871 Oct. 4. é 6
bow NTS BB OL bo
.| }Eddowes, W., Esq., M. D. Erinpur .| tEdgar, J. W. Esq., B. C. S. Cachar | *Edgeworth, M. P., Esq., B. C. 8. Europe * *Hgerton, Ph., Esq., B. C. S. Europe | *Elhot, Sir Walter, late M. C. S. Hurope .| tElhot, C. A., Esq., B: C. 8S. Allahabad | *Ellis, Lieut.-Col. R. R. W., 28rd Regt., iB. NL Europe | *EIphinstone, Capt. M. W., 30th Regt., ben. Tf. Europe i weskime, The Hon'ble C..J., Bombay Ca 8: Europe .|*Erskine, Major W. C. B. Europe +Evezard Col. G. E. Poona Ewart, J., Esq., M. D. Calcutta .| *Eyre, Col. Vincent, C. B. EKurope Farr, G. C. Esq. Calcutta Wayrer, Dr. J. @._8. T, Calcutta +Fedden, Francis, Esq., Geol. Survey. Geol. 8. Office tFerrar, M. L., Esq., B. A., C.S. Sitapur, Oudh Field, C. D., Esq., M. A., C.S. Chittagong tFisher, J. H., Esq.,-C. S. Allahabad *Fitzwilliam, The Hon’ble W. S. Europe +Ford, Lieut.-Col. B. Madras +Forest, R., Hsq., Civil Engineer. Dehra *Forlong, Lieut.-Col. J. G. R., Madras Staff Corps. Abt, Rajputana +Forsyth, T. D., Esq., C. B. Umballa {Eoster, J. M., Hsq., M. R. C, P. Nazeerah, Assam. *Frederic of Schleswig-Holstein, H. R. H. Prince. Europe
*Frere, Sir H. Bartle, K. C. B., B. C. S. Europe [goon
+Fryer, Capt. G. E., Dy. Commissioner. B. Burma, Ran- Futteh Ali, Maulavi. Calcutta *Eyfe, The Rev. W. C. Europe *Kytche, Major Genl. A., C. S. I., Chief Commissioner of Burma. Europe Gangaprasad Sinha, Babu. Calcutta .| ;Gangaprasad,. Munshi. Moradabad. .| *Gastrell, Col. J. E., Supdt., Rev. Survey. | Europe +Gauradisa Basaéka, Babu. Burdwan +Gauvain, Capt. V. India Gay, E., Esq., M. A. Calcutta *Geddes, J. C., Esq., C. S. Europe Geogheghan, J., Esq., B. C. S. Calcutta .| ¢Giriprasada Singha, Thakur. Allighur | *Gladstone, W., Esq. Europe
al
Date of Election.
1861 Feb.
6.| *Godwin-Austen, Major H. H., Topogra- phical Survey. Europe
1869 Oct. 6.| +Gomes, A. D. B., Esq. Sunderbuns
1859 Sept. 7.| *Goodeve, E., Esq., M. D. Europe
1862 July, 2.|+Gordon, J. D., Esq., C. S. L., C.S. Mysore
1869 July, 7.) +Gordon, Robert, Esq. C. E. Henzaday, Bur- ma.
1871 March 1.!+Gough, A. E., Esq. Benares
1871 March 1.| +Govindacoomar Chaudhuri. Mymensing
1863 Nov. 4.) Gowan, Lieut.-Col. J. G. Allahabad
1871 April 5.|+Graham, Major J. M. Dhurrung
1859 Dec. 7.|*Grant, Sir J. P., K. C. B. Kurope
1860 Jan. 4.|*Grant, T. R., Esq. Hurope
1869 Oct. 6.) *Gray, R., Esq., M. B. Europe
1867 June 5.|*Gregory, Capt. J., Depy. Commr. Europe
1866 June 6.|+Gribble, T. W., Esq., B. C. S. Sarun
1861 Sept. 4.|+Griffin, L. H., Esq., B. C. S. Lahore
1860 Nov. 7.|+Griffith, R. T. H., Esq., M. A. Benares
1861 Feb. 6.) +Growse, F. S., Esq., M. A., B. C. S? Muttra
1871 Jan. 4.) Gunendranatha Thakura, Babu. Calcutta ;
1864 Dec. 5.) +Gurucharana Dasa, Babu, Jamu Kandi
1862 Feb. 5.) *Guthrie, Col. C. S., Bengal Eners. Europe
1871 June 7.| Habiburrahmin, Maulavi. Caleutta
1867 July 3.) +Hacket, C. A., Esq., Geol Survey. Geol. 8S. Office.
1869 April 7.|+Heberlin, The Rev. C. Ranchee, Chota Nagpur
1847 June o.| ‘Hall, I. 0.; sq: ME As DS 0.0 Europe
1866 Jan. 17.|*Hamilton, Major T. C. Europe
1863 June 3.) *Hamilton, Col. G. W. Europe
1855 March 7. +Hamilton, R., Esq. Wurdah
1871 July 5.) Hamilton, Col. O. Calcutta
1847 May 5.’ *Hannyngton, Col. J. C., 63rd Reegt., N. I.) Europe
1861 March 1.) +Harachandra Chaudhari, Babu. Mymensing
1859 Oct. 12.) *Hardie, Dr. G. K. urope
1866 Nov. 1.) Harendra Krishna Bahédur, Kumar. Calcutta
1862 Oct. 8.) *Harington, The Hon’ble H. B. Hurope
1871 Feb. 1.) *Harkness, T. F., Esq., C. S. Hurope
1861 Feb. 6.) +Harrison, A. S., Esq., B. A. Bareilly
1859 Oct. 12.|+Haughton, Lieut.-Col. J. C., C. 8. I. Kooch Behar
1862 Aug. 6.) Heeley, W. L. Esq., B. A., GC. 8. Calcutta
1866 April 4.|*Henry, N. A., Esq. Europe
1853 July 6.|+Herschel, W. J., Sir, Bart., B. C. S. Krishnagur
1854 March 1.|*Hichens, Lieut. W., Bengal Engrs. Hurope
1868 Aug. 5: +Hobart, R. T., Esq., C. S. Etah
1868 Nov. 4.|*Holroyd, Capt. W. R. M. Europe P
1863 July 1.) *Horne, C., Esq., C. S. Europe
1863 Jan. 15.) *Howell, M. S., Esq., C. 8. Europe
1871 April, 5.) Howell, A. P., Esq., C. S. Calcutta
Vil
Date of Election.
1866 Feb. 7. 1867 Aug. 7. 1866 Jan. 17. 1870 Jan. 5.
1870 June 1867 May, 1868 April,
1860 Jan. 1870 April
1864 Sept. 7. 1841 March 5. 1861 Dee. 4. 1865 June 7. 1845 Dec. 3. 1866. Feb: 7. 1847 June 2. 1862 March 5.
1867 Dec. 4:
1859 Sept. 1869 April 1863 July
1850 April 1861 Dee.
1839 March 6. 1861 March 6. 1869 Sept. 1.
1852 April 1868 Feb. 1868 July 1859 Dee. 1870 July 1869 June 1865 June
7 fi 1871 May 8. 1 3 4
ye sepia rte
Hoyle, G. W., Esq.
*Huches, T. H., Hsq., A. R. S. M., F. G.
s., Geol. Survey. +Hucghes, Captain W. G.
Hume, Allan O., Esq., C. B., C. 8. 1.|*Hunter, W. W., Esq., LL. D., C. 8. 1.| *Hyatt, Dr. B. N., Civil Surgeon. 1.|*Hyde, Lieut.-Col. H., R. E.
1869 Sept. 1. t 6
*Hyde, H., Esq.
Innes, Lieut.-Col. J. J. McLeod, R. E. .|*Innes, F. W. Esq., M. D.C. 3B. .
1866 March 7. 1862 Oct. 8. 1871 March 1. 1853 Dec. 7.
+Irvine, W., Esq., C. S. *Trwin, Valentine, Esq., C. S. Isaac, T. S., Esq., C. E.
+Isvariprasida Singha Bahadur, Raja.
Jackson, The Hon’ble E. *Jackson, W. B., Esq., B. C. 8. *James, Major H. R., C. B.
+Jayakissen Dasa Bahadur, Raja, C. S. I.
*Jerdon, Dr. T. C. *Johnson, W. H., Esq. *Johnstone, J., Esq.
f*Johnstone, Capt. J. W. H., Assistant
Commissioner.
*Johnstone, Capt. J.
| *Jones, R., Esq.
Kabiruddin Ahmad, Maulavi. Kaliprasanna Ghosha Babu.
.|*Kane, H. 8., Esq., M. D. eiay, Kev. W...P. D.
.| ¢Kempson, M., Esq., M. A. 1867 Dec. 4. 1867 March 6. 1862 Jan. 15. 1867 March 6. 1869 May 5.
King, G. Esq., M. B. +King, Capt. H. W.
*King, W., Jr., Esq., Geol. Survey.
+Knox, G. E. , Esq., C.S. Kurz, S., Esq.
*Laidlay, J. W., Esq. *Laing, The Hon’ble S. “Latham, G., Hsq., C. E:
.| * Lees, ra -Col. W. N., LL. D. | *Lees, a Esq., Me. D. Weteiner. Dr. G. W.,
Leonard, H. Esq. M. A. Lethbridge, i, a, M. A.
.| ;Leupolt, o. C., Esq., C. 8. .| *Lewin, Capt. T. H.
Calcutta
Europe Akyab Caleutta Kurope Kurope Hurope Kurope
Calcutta Kurope Goruckpur Europe Caleutta Benares
Caleutta Europe Europe Alhighur Europe Sialkote Hurope
Bunnoo, Panjab Europe Europe
Caleutta
Calcutta
Europe
Kurope
Bareilly [Garden
Calcutta, Botanic
P. &0.Co.’s Office
Madras
Allahabad
Calcutta Botanie Garden
Europe
Hurope
Europe
Europe
Europe
Lahore
Calcutta
Hooghly
Etah
| Europe
“Date of Election,
vill
| 1856 Feb. 6. *Liebig, Dr. G., von. Hurope 1860 Jan. 4.) *Lindsay, E. J., Hsq. Europe 1862 Dee. 3.) tLobb, 8., Esq., M. A. Krishnagur 1864 Nov. 2.) Locke, H. H., Esq. Caleutta 1869 April 7.|*Lockwood, E. D., Esq., C. S. Europe 1866 May 2.) *Lovett, Lieutenant B. Ispahan 1866 Jan. 17.) flow J. Esq., G. T. S. Almora 1854 Nov. 1. rw Ce: F. A., Esq., B. C.S Europe 1869 July 7.|tLyall, C. J., Esq., B. A 4G. 8; Allahabad 1870 April 6.) flyman, B. Smith, Esq. America 1868 Dec. 2.) +Macauliff, M., Esq., B. A., C. S. Hoshiarpore 1866 June 6.) Macdonald, Major J., Staff Corps. Calcutta 1848 April 5.) *Maclagan, Col. R.,R.E.,F.R.S.E., F. R.G.S.| Europe 1867 July 3.| Macnamara, Dr. C. Calcutta 1871 April 5.| Macnamara, Dr. F. N. Calcutta 1870 May 4.) +Macnaghten, C., Hsq. Rajkote College, Katty war
1853 April 6.|*Macrae, Dr. A. C. Europe 1867 April 3.) Mahendralala Saracara, Dr. Calcutta ) 1863 Jan. 15.|*Maine, Sir H. S. Europe ' ; 1867 April 3.|+Mainwaring, Lieut.- Col. G. B. Darjeeling 1860 Jan. 4./*Mair, D. K., Esq., M. A. Europe 1862 Sept. 3.) Mallet, F. R., Esq., Geol. Survey. Geol. S. Office 1852 Nov. 3.) Manickjee Rustamjee, Esq. Calcutta 1867 March 6.| Markby, The Hon’ble W. Calcutta 1869 July 7.,+Markham, A. M., Esq., C. S. Bijnour 1850 Jan. 2.|*Marshman, J. C., Esq. Hurope 1863 Nov. 4.|*McClelland, Dr. J. Kurope 1837 Oct: 4:\*Meleod, Sir D. fF. .078 ).46°C. See
Ghee) Europe 1860 March 7.|+Medlicott, H. B., Esq., F. G. 8., Geol.
Survey. Geol. 8S. Office 1855 Nov. 7.|*Middleton, J., Esq. Europe 1861 Feb. 6.) *Melville, Capt. A. B., Staff Corps. Kurope 1871 Sept. 6.|+Miles, Capt. S. B. Bombay 1850 April 3.|*Miles, A. J. M., Esq., B. C. S. Europe 1870 July 6. Miller, As B., Esq. Calcutta 1867 June 5 Milman, i, D. D, The Right Rev. Lord
Bishop of Calcutta. Calcutta
1847 April 7.|*Money, D. J., Esq., B. C. S. Europe 1856 Feb. 6.'+Money, W. J.,.Esq., C. S. I, B. C.S. Nuddea 1867 March 6.) +Montgomerie, Major T. G., R. E. Dera Doon 1854 Dec. 6.| *Morris, G. G., Esq., B. C. S. Europe 1871 July 5.)+Muhammad Hasan Khalifah, Sayyid. Patialah 1837 July 5.) *Muir, J., Esq. Hurope 1854 Oct. 11. 1+ buir, Sir W, Ko Ge80 eo. is, Allahabad e 1862 July 2. ¢Napier of Magdala, Lord R., General,|
0. 8.,1.,. GC. B. | India.
1x
Oo STL cee ee ee aS Date of Election.
1871 Oct. 1869 May 1865 Feb. 1869 May 1870 Feb.
1871 Jan. 1852 Sept.
1869 July
1871 July 1871 Oct. 1851 June
1869 April 1867 Aug. 1837 June 1847 Feb.
1864 Mar. 1862 May 1867 Feb. 1871 Dee. 1867 Mar. 1860 Feb. 1868 Nov. 1869 July 1864 Mar. 1865 Sept. 1868 May 1867 Nov.
- 1835 July
1864 Nov. 1869 Feb. 1867 Sept. 1870 Feb. 1868 April 1869 Feb. 1871 June 1825 Mar. 1862 Oct.
1856 Mar.
1871 June 1837 Feb.
1860 Mar.
5. 1868 Jan. 15. ig iB, 1866 Jan. 17. re
Neil, Dr. A.
Nevill, G., Esq., C. M. Z. S. +Newal Kishwar Munshi. Newall, Lieut.-Col. D. J. F., R. A. tNewman, J. H., Esq., M.D.
Newton, Isaac, Esq.
.|*Nicholls, Capt. W. T., 24th Regiment, M. N. I. .|f Nursing Rao, A. V., Esq.
.| tOates, E. W., Esq., C. E. .| *O’Kinealy, J., Esq., C. S.
Oldham, 'T., Esq., LL. D., F. R. S., Super- intendent, Geol. Survey.
.| Oldham, W., Esq., LL. D., C.S. .| FOldham, R. A., Esq., C. E.
*O’Shaughnessy, Sir W. R.
.|*Ousely, Major W. R.
.|*Palmer, Dr. W. J. .|*Partridge, S. B., Esq., M. D.
*Paul, J. Esq. Peal, 8S. E., Esq. Pearimohana Mukarji, M. A., Babu.
.| }Pearse, Major G. G. .| Pearson, C. E.
Pell, S., Esq. Pellew, F. H., Esq., C. S.
.| TPeppé, J. H., Esq.
Peterson, F. W., Esq. *Petit, Mons. Hugene.
Lahore
Caleutta
Lucknow
Gwalior
Jodhpur, Rajpu- tana
Umballa
Hurope Vizagapatam
Prome, B. Burma Hurope
Calcutta, Ghazipur Dehree. Kurope Europe
Europe Europe Europe Sibsagur, Assam Uttarparah Bangalore Rawul Pindi Calcutta Hooghly Gya Calcutta Kurope
*Phayre, Major G., Sir A. P., K. C.S.1., C. B.| Europe
Phear, The Hon’ble J. B.
“| Eackford, J., Hsq., M. A.
*Place, Mons. V., Consul-Gen., France.
.| tPowell Baden, H., Esq., C. 8. .| {Pramathanatha Raya, Kumar.
Pratapachandra Ghosha, B. A.
.| {Pratt, Capt. C. S., Staff-Corps. .|*Prinsep, C. R., Esq. .| | Pulinavihari Sen, Babu.
Rajendralala Mitra, Babu. +Rakhaldass Haldar, Babu.
Ramakrishna Dasa, Babu.
Ramén4tha Thakura, Babu. *Rattray, A., Esq. Asst. Commr. +Reid, H. S., Esq., C. S.
Caleutta Madras
Europe
Lahore Digapati Calcutta Morar, Gwalior Europe Berhampur
Calcutta Chota Nagpur Caleutta Calcutta Kurope Allahabad
x Date of Election. 1871 July 5.|+Reid, J. R., Esq., C.S. Azimghur 1857 June 7. *Riddell, The Hon’ble H. B., B. C. S. Europe 1868 April 1.) Robb, G., Esq. Caleutta 1868 July 1. *Roberts, Rev. J. Europe 1863 April 1.) +Robertson, C., Esq., C. 8. Mirzapur 1865 Feb. 1.) Robinson, 8. H., Esq. Calcutta 1847 Dec. 1.)*Rogers, Capt. T. E. Kurope 1870 Dec. 7.) Rogers, A., Esq. Calcutta 1871 May 3.) Rogers, Capt. B. Port Blair 1869 July 7. *Ross, Lieut. J. C., R. E. Europe 1870 Jan. 5.) fRoss, Alexander G., Capt. Staff Corps. Simla 1871 April 5.) Rundall, Col. F. H. Calcutta [Line 1871 Dec. 6. {Samuells, Capt. W. L. Pachumba,Chord 1871 May 3.| Sanderson, C., Esq, . Calcutta 1870 May 4.| Saty: anand Ghosh4la, Raja. Calcutta 1861 Dec. 4.| tSaunders, C. B., Esq., C. B., B. C. 8. Haidarabad. 1864 June 1. *Saunders, J. O'R. , Esq. Kurope 1854 Dec. 6. Saxton, Gol. G. ne F. G. S., Madras Staff Corps. Ootacamund 1854 May 2.) *Schiller, F., a Europe’ 1870 May 4.) +Schlich, Dr. Kurachee 1869 Feb. 3.) Schwendler, L., ae Calcutta 1860 Feb. 1.) *Scott, Col. E. W.S Europe 1869 Aug. 4. *Selbach, Weg: Kurope 1860 July 4. {Shelverton, ch Esq. Waltair, near | Vizagapatam 1845 Jan. 14. *Sherwill, Lieut.-Col. W.S., 66th Regiment, SL FG Se ee. Europe 1868 Oct. 7. Shircore, Dr. S. M. Calcutta 1863 April 1. Showers, Lieut.-Col. C-ah. Umballa 1866 June 6. }Sime, J., Esq., B. A. Delhi 1864 Sept. 7. {Sladen, Major E. B. Rangoon. 1866 June a {Smart, R. B., Esq., Rev. Survey. Raepur, Central Province 1865 July, 5.) Smith, D. Boyes, Esq., M. D. Howrah 1868 April 1..¢Smith, McLaren W., Esq. Berhampur 1856 Feb. 6.) *Smith, Col. J. F. Hurope 1871 July 5.){Smith, J., Esq., C. 8. Ghazipur 1854 Sept. 6.|*Spankie, The Hon’ble R., B. C. S. Allahabad, 1864 Mar. 2.|{Spearman, Capt. H. R. Bhamo 1867 May 1.|+Steel, Lieut. EK. H., R. A. DeraGhazi Khan. 1867 Déc. 4.|*Stephen, Major J. G., 8th N. I. Europe 1863 Sept. 2.) Stewart, R. D., Esq. Serajgunje 1864 April 6.) *Stewart, J. L., Esq., M. D. Europe 1870 April 6.) Stewart, R., Esq. Calcutta 1870 Sept. 7.) St. John, R. T., Esq. Akyab 1861 Sept. 4.) *Stokes, Whitley, Esq. Kurope 1863 Noy. 4.| Stoliezka, i ., Ksg,, Ph, D:, Bia 8:Geol, | Survey. Calcutta
Date of Election, 1843 May 3. 1869 Feb. 3. 1859 Mar. 2. 1858 July 7.
1864 Aug. 11. 1863 Sept. 3.
1865 Sept. 1865 April 1860 May 1871 Feb. 1859 Mar. 1869 Oct. 1860 June 1863 Mar. 1863 June 1847 June
1862 July 1865 July
6
5
2
1
2
6
6 4 4 2 2
5 1865 July 5 1862 Feb. 5 1871 April 5 1861 June 5. 18638 Mar. 4 1841 Feb. 38 1861 Sept. 4 1863 May 6 2
2
3
6
1
f
4
1
B
6
ri
1869 June
— 1860 May 1864 Feb. 1864 April
1870 June
1871 Feb. 1869 Aust.
1865 Nov. 1861 May 1863 May 1863 Oct. 1862 Jan. 15. 1852 July 7. 1859 July 6.
*Strachey, Major General, R. F. R.S., F. L. ee Geb. OC. S21, ©: B: Strachey, The Hon’ble J. {Stubbs, Major F'. W., Bengal Artillery. tSutherland, H. C., Esq., B. C. S. Swinhoe, W., Esq. Syamacharana Saracara, Babu.
Tawney, C. H., Esq., M. A.
.|t Taylor, R., Esq.
Temple, The Hon’bleSirR., K.C.S.1.,B.C:S. Tennant, Lieut.-Col. J. F., R. E., F. RB. S. .| tTheobald, W., Esq., Geological Survey. .|¢Thomson, A., Esq. .|*Thompson, J. G., Esq. .|*Lhompson, Major G. H., Bengal Staff Corps. 1 tnornton, T. H., Hsq., D.C. L., C. 8. Thuilher, Col. H. L., Royal Artillery, F. R.
Se. BE
Tonnerre, Dr. C. F. +) * Torrens, Col. H. D. Trefftz, Oscar, Esq. *Tremlett, J. D., Esq., M. A., C.S. | *Trevelyan, The Right Hon'ble SirC., K.C. B. .|*Trevor, The Hon’ble C. B., B. C. S. | Tween, A., Esq., Geological Survey. .| TTyler, Dr. J.
.| | Waagen, Dr. W. Wahid Ali, Prince Jahan Qadr Muhammad,
Bahadur.
Waldie, D., Esq., F. C. S. | *Walker, Col., J. T., Royal Engrs., Bombay. .|*Wall, P. W. Esq., Esq., C. 8. Waller, W. K., Esq., M. B. + Ward, G. E., Esq., B. C. S. *Ward, J. J , Hsq., B. C.S. 7 *Warrand, R. H. M., Esq., B. C. &. 1865 May 3.| Waterhouse, Capt. J., R. A.
XI
.*Thurlow, The Hon’ble T. J. H. | ¢Lotbort; TOW. E., Hisq.; C. 8S.
.| {Udayachanda Datta, Babu.
.. {Vanrenen, Major A. D., Bengal Staff Corps. Vercheére, A. M., Esq., M. D.
.| 7 Vijayardma Gajapati Raj Munnia Sultan Bahadur, Maharajah Mirza.
.| + Vrindavanachandra Mandala, Babu.
Europe Calcutta Lucknow Sylhet Calcutta Calcutta
Calcutta Lahore Calcutta, Calcutta B. Burma Faizabad Europe Europe Kurope
Calcutta Hurope Montgomery, Panjab Calcutta Europe Caleutta Hurope Hurope Europe Caleutta Mynpuri
Nowakhali
Moradabad Barrackpore
Vizianagram Balasore
Geol. Survey
Garden Reach Calcutta Hurope Kurope Caleutta Furruckabad Europe Europe Caleutta
x
Date of Election. “cenmetrsenet 1854 July 5.) *Watson, J., Esq., B. C. S. Europe 1847 Nov. 3.) *Waugh, Major-General Sir A. 8., C. B., F.
B.8., Po-8.G. 8: Europe 1869 Sept. 1.) Westland, J., Esq., C. S. Caleutta 1867 Feb. 6.) }Westmacott, E. V., Esq., B. A., C. 8. Dinajpur 1862 Oct. 8.) Wheeler, J. T., Esq. British Burma 1867 Aug. 7.|}+Wilcox, F., Esq., Bengal Police. Purulia 1867 Jan. 16.) *Williamson, Lieut. W. J. Europe 1867 Mar. 6.}+Willson, W. G., Esq., B. A. Krishnagur 1871 Mar. 1.}| Willson, James, Esq. Geol. Survey 1870 Aug. 3.}| Wilson, R. H., Esq., C. 8. Calcutta 1859 Aug. 3.| *Wilmot, C. W., Esq. Europe 1866 Mar. 7.| Wise, Dr. J. F. N. Dacca 1867 July 38) |Wood, Dr. J. J., Ranchi 1870 Jan. 5.| Wood-Mason, J., Esq., F. G. S. Calcutta 1851 May 7.| Woodrow, H., Esq., M. A. Calcutta 1859 Mar. 2.) *Wortley, Major A. H. P. Europe 1862 Aug. 6.|*Wylie, J. W., Esq., Bombay C. S. Europe 1869 Sept. 1.) Yadulala Mallika, Babu. Calcutta 1868 June 8.) Yatindramohana Thakura, Rajah Bahadur.) Calcutta 1867 Mar. 6. Yogendranatha Mallika, Babu. Andul 1858 April 4.) *Young, Lieut.-Col. C. B. Europe 1856 July 2.|*Yule, Col. H., R. E. Kurope 1871 Mar. 1.| +Ziduddin Ahmad Khan Bahadur, Nawab. | Delhi
LIST OF HONORARY MEMBERS. Dae obo | ee en ec 1825 Mar. 9.| M. Garcin de Tassy, Membre del’Inst. | Paris 1826, 1.| Sir John Phillippart. London 1829 July 1.) Count de Noe. Paris 18315. 7.) Prof. C. Lassen. Bonn 1834 Nov. 5.| Col. W. H. Sykes, F. R. S. London 1835 May 6.) Prof. Lea. Philadelphia 1842 Feb. 4.| Dr. Ewald. Gottingen 1842 ,, 4.) Right Hon’ble Sir Edward Ryan, Kt. London 1843 Mar. 30.) Prof. Jules Mohl, Memb. de l’Institute. | Paris 1847 May 5.| His Highness Hekekyan Bey. Egypt 1847 Sept. 1.| Col. W. Munro. London 1847 Nov. 38.| His Highness the Nawab Nazim of Bengal.) Murshidabad 1848 Feb. 2.) Dr. J. D. Hooker, R. N., F. R. 8S. Kew 1848 Mar. 8.| Prof. Henry. Princeton, U. 8. 1853 April 6.) Major-Gen. Sir H. C. Rawlinson, K. C. B.,
NE is ee eo
| London
Xill
Date of Election.
1858 July 1859 Mar. 1860 Mar. 1860 Noy. ZSG0 =, £860 . ,, E860, 1860 __,, 1865 Sept. 1868 Feb. 1868 _,, 1868 _,, 1868 Sept. 1871 June
6. .| The Hon’ble Sir J. W. Colvile, Kt. .| Prof. Max Miller.
.| Mons. Stanislas Julien.
.| Dr. Robert Wight.
.| Edward Thomas, Esq.
.| Dr. Aloys Sprenger.
2 7 7 7 ( ‘ij (e 6 5 5 5 2 4
Date of Election,
1844 Oct. 1856 June S56)” 5 1856 _,, 1856 _,, S56 - 5; 1856s, 1857 Mar. 1858 Mar. 1859 Nov. 1859 May 1860 Feb. 1860 _,, 1860 April 1861 July 1862 Mar. 1863 Jan. 1863 July 1866 May £566 *,, 1868 Feb. £868 - ,,
18385 Oct. 1838 Feb. 1843 Dec. 1865 May
CoE SD
SOS SE Oe Eee ho Pee ae.
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
Dr. Albrecht Weber,
.| Edward Blyth, Esq.
.| Genl. A. Cunningham, C. §. I. .| Prof. Bapu Déva Satri. jerome. Phomson, FR. S., F. L.S8., F. G8: .| A. Grote, Esq., C. 8. .| C. Darwin, Esq.
Macgowan, Dr. J.
Kremer, Herr A. von. Porter, Rev. J. Schlagintweit, Herr H. von Smith, Dr. E.
Tailor, J., Esq.
Wilson, Dr.
Neitner, J., Esq. Schlagintweit, Herr R. von Frederick, Dr. H.
Bleeker, Dr. H.
Baker, The Rev. H. Swinhoe, R., Esq., H. M.’s Consul. Haug, Dr. M.
Gosche, Dr. R.
Murray, A. Esq. Goldstiicker, Dr. T. Barnes, R. H., Esq. Schlagintweit, Prof. E. von Sherring, Rev. M. A. Foucaux, M. F. H. Holmboe, Prof.
LIST OF ASSOCIATE MEMBERS.
Stephenson, J., Esq. Karamat Ah, Sayyid. Long, Rev. J.
Dall, Rev. C. H.
Europe Europe Oxford Paris London London Bern Berlin Europe India Benares London London London .
LIST OF CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.
Europe Alexandria Damascus Munich Beyrout Bussorah Bombay Ceylon Giesen Batavia Batavia
E. Malabar Amoy Punah Berlin London London Ceylon Munich Benares Paris Christiania
Europe
Hooghly Calcutta Calcutta
xiv LOSS OF MEMBERS DURING 1871.
By ReErrerEeMEnNtT.
C. F. Amery. Lahore
Capt. J. P. Basevi, R. E. Dera
T. Thomas, Esq., Lucknow
W. H. Stevens, Esq. Darbanga
The Hon’ble Sir W. Grey, K. C. 8. I. Calcutta
L. B. Bowring, Esq. Europe
W. C. Bonnerjee, Esq. Calcutta
J. Schroeder, Esq. Calcutta
Lieut.-Col. C. Macgregor. Simla
Dr. 8. C. Mackenzie. Calcutta
R. J. Leeds, Esq. Banda
Capt. R, D. Osborn. Caleutta
Lieut. W. A. J. Wallace. Calcutta
Col. A. D. Dickens, Calcutta
Dr. H. Warth, Panjab
J. F. Cockburn, Esq. Kanoo Junction, E. I. R.
Dr. J. M. Fleming. Kundua Nemar, Central . Provinces
By THE ELECTION BEING CANCELLED ON ACCOUNT OF NON-COMPLIANCE WITH THE RULES OF THE SOCIETY.
Nawab Sir Sheriful Omra Bahadur. | Madras
STRUCK OFF.
A. G. Walker, Esq. Onao, Oudh
C. J. Wilkinson, Esq. e Calcutta
Dr. C. Williams. Rangoon
C. B. Garrett, Esq., C. 8. Sarun
F. J. Chambers, Esq. Lucknow By Deraru.
The Hon’ble J. P. Norman. Calcutta
The Ven’ble Archdeacon J. H. Pratt, M. A. Calcutta
ne
[ APPENDIX. |
ABSTRACT STATEMENT oF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS | OF THE
ASIATIC pOCIETY OF PENGAL
FOR
fe
THE YEAR’ 1871.
XV1 STATEMENT Abstract of the Cash Account
RECEIPTS.
ApMISSION FEEs. 1871. 1870. Received from Members, mite Rs. 1,472 0 O ———— 1472 0 0 864 0 0
SUBSCRIPTIONS,
Received from Members, Si ow 7044 7D —————— 7,044 7 0 881210 0 PUBLICATIONS. Sale proceeds of Journal and Proceedings, ... 706 9 3 Subscriptions to ditto, one ion, SUD! GOTeD Refund of Postage Stamps, ee ose 26 15 O Ditto of Freight, ei ast 3 8 O Ditto of Printing charges, saa eee 40 0 0 —__—— 1,729 8 8 1,908 L3 LIBRARY. Sale proceeds of Books, oes wa 859.11 3 Refund of Freight, Ak, oat 8 0 0 Ditto of Postage Stamps, ae aS 3 8 0
371 3 3 75214 0
SECRETARY'S OFFICE. Received Commission on purchase of Postage
Stamps, &c., see tae evs hE Tee ae Ditto, Fine, 7 10 0 Refund of the amount from Narpat Sinha
Jemadar, oo oa 10: 129
_—— 32°710 287 6 0
CoNSERVATION OF Sanscrit MSS. Received from the Accountant General of Ben- gal in part of the amount sanctioned to- wards the Conservation of Sanscrit MSS.,
being the 2nd half of 1870-71, see DOO) 0) 30 Ditto, ditto, the 1st half of 1871- 72, sa), 1,000 0) 0 Sale proceeds of 7 Copies of Notices of San- scrit MSS., oe 7 OO Refund of amount paid for ‘copying Mi- dhatithi on the 27th April, 1871, 23 4 O Ditto, ditto, for copying Madana Parijat,... ; 13 13 0 3,144 1 0 3,703 2 9 VESTED FUND. Received Interest on the Government Secu- rities from the Bank of Bengal, oe VED OO Less income Tax on ditto, ose eee LZ 108 14 0 O. P. Funp. " Received on account of Loan, ... 2 000.23 7G 656 3 6 MISCELLANEOUS, Col. E. T. Dalton, Ethnology of Bengal, ...10,000 0 O Messrs. Williams and Norgate, ... ose 5 0 0 Dr. F. Stoliczka, ... sa seb 50 6 3 Wali-oollah Sayyid, ... ove . 54814 8 B. Quaritch, Esq., ... ep ae 6 oO E. 'T. Atkinson, Esq., vos cee 31 4 O
10,641 14 11 Carried over, Rs. 14,558 12 10
%
Xvil No. Ft. of the Asiatic Society for 1871.
DISBURSEMENTS,
PUBLICATIONS, Paid Freight for sending Journal and Pro-
ceedings to Messrs. Williams and Norgate, 105 Ditto Lithographing and Engraving poe 1,437 Ditto Printing charges, 3,253 Ditto Commission on Sale of Books, a 73 Ditto Binding charges, es ry 6 Ditto Paper for plates, &., ove aoe LAD Ditto Purchase of Postage Stamps, ee. 20 Ditto Petty Charges, oe ane 8
LIBRARY,
Paid Messrs. Williams and Norgate for pur- chase of Library Books as per their draft
dated, 18th July, 1871, Ras w. 1,255 9 4 Ditto Salary of the Librarian, ... =o of. O 0 Ditto Establishment, on Lae OP O Ditto Commission on Sale of Books, = 33.9 2 Ditto Purchase of Books, one mote O° 'O Ditto Landing Charges, Me ses 15 6 0 Ditto Book Binding, ... 105 12 0O Ditto Subscription to the Medical Gazette, .. nee 15 0 0 Ditto Salary of Pankhaman, ve ee 40 0 O. Ditto Postage Stamps, eat vee ors 0 Ditto Bearing Postage, cee oes i 9 3 Ditto Petty Charges, vee Pap 314 0
SECRETARY'S OFFICE.
Paid General Establishment, ... wage if 9 Ditto Secretary’s Office Establishment, sa £002. .0-.0 Ditto Purchase of Postage Stamps, » 18410 2 Ditto ditto of Stationery, ne ae 90 0 O Ditto Insufficient Postage, vee pas 1 6 4 Ditto Bearing Postage, eae aoe 213 2 Ditto Meeting Charges, 159 13 0 Ditto Commission on Collecting Subscriptions, 41 4 3 Ditto Salary of Mali, osu 57 0 O Ditto Subscription to the Army ‘List, ae 15 0 0 Ditto Ditto, Directory, me 12 0 Vv Ditto for preparing a Teak wood Board, ae 28 0 0 Ditto Engraving and Printing charges, es 45. 0156 Ditto Donation to the Piddington Fund, ... 100 0 O Ditto Advertising charges, a 7 Lz 0 Ditto Editing charges for the Annual account-
current of 1870, .. aes a 75 0 0 Ditto repairing a Clock, oe UE 0 Ditto for a Marble Pedestal for Dr. Falconer’s S
bust, ... 86 0 0 Ditto fee to the Bank of Bengal for stamp:
ing blank cheques, 2 LOO Ditto Petty Charges,.. ove vee BF D6
annas
e EB Or ©
WOMWORHOS
1871. 1870.
5,273 14 10 5,239 138 5
254014 9 2472 3 8
2,918 10 2 ——. 987 190
Carried over, Rs,10,733 7 9
W. Duthoit, Esq., ... A. E. Gaugh, Esq., ... R, J. Leeds, Esq., ase G. E Ward, Esq,,
W. Stokes, Esq., age Harigopal Padye, Esq., The Rev. F. Foulkes,
The Government North-Western Provinces,,...
Babu Rakhal Dass Halder, Col. J. C. Haughton, Jugul Kissore, ee
F, S. Growse, Esq., ..
Dr. G. W. Leitner, ....
L. Schwendler, Esq., Babu Rasavihari Vasu, Major M. W. Carr, ..,
W. L. Heeley, Esq., ..
xvii ( RECEIPTS. 1871. 1870. Brought over, Rs. 10,641 14 1114,558 12 10 mei es 12 6 110
bo
FOOrFcCcOCOONNOFe —
a =
a OFKBONNNFONWENAOYH Ooo 0 SO 6 Oo COO.0O0 © Od
COoCOCrs
10,709 10 6
Carried over, Rs. 25,268 7 4
xix
DISBURSEMENTS.
187%.
1870.
Brought over, Rs.10,733 7 9
CoNSERVATION OF Sanscrit MSS, Paid Salary for preparing Catalogue of San-
scrit MSS., 300 0 O Ditto ditto for Collecting Materials for Ca- talogue of MSS., . 379 S 6 Ditto ditto for frandlating Hig Sanscrit Cata- logue, . 11210 8 Ditto Babu Rajendra “Mitra, as “advance for purchase of Sanscrit MSS., ... 400 0 0 Ditto Printing peg of Notices of Sanscrit MSS., . 641 8 O Ditto for Stationery,... ose eae 14 5 O Ditto for Packing Charges, sen 2414 0 Ditto Postage for sending N otices of Sanscrit MSS., eA Bee eae Ditto Freight for ditto ditto, ... ae 43 6 0 Ditto Banghy expenses for ditto ditto, ... 48 0 Ditto Advertising Charges, _ oe 10 5 6 Ditto Copying MSS., 13 13 0 Ditto Khurrua cloth, and Pasteboard &c., for Patahs for binding Sanscrit MSS., a 53 2 0 Petty Charges, eo see ms 315 3 VeEsteD Funp. Paid Commission to the Bank of Bengal for drawing interest on the Government Secu- rities, ... wae aay seu 0 4 4 BUILDING. Paid House rate, ... “ « 432 0 0 Ditto Police and Lighting rate, . a we 210 0 6 Ditto Water rate, ... fe ine 2 SS 2 © P. Fun, Paid on Loan, sas ss sn «td 9 -9 MISCELLANEOUS, Col. E. T. Dalton, pe noiney of antici ax 2,000 0 0 Sayyid Walli-oollah, . we Sok GG F. S. Growse, Hsq., ... ras 514 0 The Government, North- Western. Provinces,, 1 Is S 0 S. Lobb, Esq., i ae ig G- 620 Col. C. M, Macgregor, sue aa 0 9 9 G. HE. Fryer, Esq.,_ ... vee aa Q:10 0 H. T. Atkinson, Hsq., soa a 28 12 O W. Oldham, Esq., aon es zi 013 0 Dr. C. Valentyne, ae 0 4 0 Col. J. C. Haughton, was $ 0 0 J. G. Delmerick, Esq., ve ° E921.0 Dr. G. W. Leitner, : ba s Ei? 0 L. Schwendler, Esq., oe 810 9 G. Nevil, Esq., B “a 2% 0 Jugul Kissore, os Epis © Guru Churn Doss, .., sé ahs GO. - 2" @ J. Wood-Mason, Esq. cee We ae 3 3 6 Dr. F, Stoliczka, ie ies on 6 8 0
ET er
2,012
274:
1. 10 1,527.6: 6
&- 2. SIGio.-s
9 9
8.091. 10. 6 = —— eee Carried over, Rs. 13,897 10 10
xx
RECEIPTS. 1871, 1870,
Brought over, Rs, 25,268 7 4 BaLANcEe or 1870.
In the Bank of Bengal, viz. account-current
Dr. di Muir, eee one eee 898 10 a) Ditto Conservation of Sanscrit MSS., Oe bk Os Bee) Ditto Asiatic Society, ay: o, BGOL. 6.0 —_-— B277..2 2 Cash in hand, ae oa ae “0, Seoul,
Rs. 30,671 8 4
Xxl
DISBURSEMENTS. 1871. 1870, Brought over, Rs. 8,091 10 613,897 10 10 Babu Udaya Chanda Datta, eee ws oO; 9 O Messrs. Triibner and Co., wee ai Dew 4B Messrs. Asher and Co., oro ree 12 4 O W. Irvine, Esq., - «ds 34 515 6 J. Beames, Hsq., Ba fax tae re has, Dr df. 5. Baxter, ~... cae ae 0 6 0 8,122 2 9 BALANCE. In the Bank of Bengal, viz. account-current Dr. Muir, a. Cog FOO Ditto Conservation of Sanscrit MSS., . 2,849 011 Ditto Col. Dalton, Ethnology of Bengal, . 2,450 12 0 Ditto Asiatic Society, Meese oF ee 8,434 12 6 Cash in hand, ‘nie Bs ees 216 14 3
(Serer ee: Gees
Rs. 30,671 8 4
ae
Errors and Omissions excepted, (Sd.) BuppinatH Bysacx, Cashier, Asiatic Society, Bengal.
Audited and found correct, (Sd.) F. W. Pxrerson, D. WALDIE.
STATEMENT Abstract of the Cash Account, RECEIPTS. ; ORIENTAL PUBLICATIONS. 1871. 1870. Received by Sale of Bibliotheca Indica, ... 2,405 3 0 Ditto by Subscription to do. 94 0 0
Ditto Refund of Postage and Packing charges, 8114 0
GOVERNMENT ALLOWANCE,
Received from the General Treasury at 500
Rs. per month, ...
Ditto ditto additional grant for ‘the tion of Sanskrit works, at 250 month, ‘as es
VESTED FUND.
Received Interest on the Government Securi-
ty by the Bank of Bengal, Ditto by Sale of a new 5 per cent.
XXli
wie DESL 7170 LONE ees
ote 18,0000 0 publica- Rs. per . 3,000 0 O ————- ——- 9,000 0 0 9,000 0 0
87 8 0
Government Security, ... 3,000 0 0 | Ditto ditto Premium on do... 203 12 O Ditto ditto Interest on do. ... 23 9 9
eel
3.727 5 9
Less Commission
and Brokerage
on Selling Go-
verment Securi-
ty; As 314 6 Ditto Income Tax
on the Interest, OA: ie of
42: 1
—— —_ 3,723 3 8
Asiatic Society oF BENGAL. Received on Loan,
MISCELLANEOUS, Babu Luchmun Singh, Chib Ghanano sisal J. Bisch, Esq.,
N. Muller Row, Esq., ds Babu Tarini Churn Chuckerbutty, Babu Sadasakh Lall,.. Pandita Damaru Vallabha, Babu Nobin Chunder Roy, 5 Pandita Chunder Kanta Tarkalanker, Babu Ram Chunder Bose,
C. W. Macm, Esq., __..
A. Roynoo Gopall, Esq.,
The Principal of the Dacca College, G. Jyanna, Esq.,
Babu Pearilall, as Munshee Gungapershad, Ram Kissen G, Bhauder Kur,
7°
— 381011 8 175 0 0 a 274 2.8
274 9 9
p= i=)
a NOKBNWNTOOORFNOMDOKE
_ coooooooooqooooooanso
w ; CwWONWECSRENOREWONDE
150 5 6———-—— Carried over, Rs. 15,666 6 5
XXiil
IN@© 2: Oriental Publication Fund, 1871, DISBUSEMENTS. ORIENTAL PUBLICATIONS. Paid Commission on Sale of Books, —<e -2o0 &) Oo Packing Charges, ... aie es 47 0 0 Postage Stamps, ... eos .- 149 8 6 Advertising alia oe ae, 40% O 0 Freight, a eae ao, ooo 2 10 Bearing Postage, Ms or) aa 0 5 0 Printing Charges, ... _ vee 4 12.10-.0 Petty Charges, a one ie 214 9 VESTED Funp. Paid Commission to the Bank of Bengal for drawing Interest on the Government Secu- rities, ... 0 383 6 Renewing a Government Security, E OO Commission on Sale of the Government Secu- EIGY, 1 ~ fe G20 7 Brokerage ' on ditto ditto, ei va: os = 0 LIBRARY. Paid Purchase of Books, oe o des 14 6 Book Binding, Sad ae mas a 0 Oo Custopy oF ORIENTAL Works. Paid Salary of the Librarian, ..., wer eee OO Establishment, eF nica co”, ons, 0, 0 Stationery, wu Lee ra GO Fee for Stamping Cheques, oF 411 0 Ditto for auditing the Annual Account for #570," <.. oe ae aes 75 0 O Petty Charges, ee as a SL 2 6 Asiatic Society OF BENGAL, Paid on account of Loan, se = GoG"S G CaTALOGUE oF Sanscrit MSS. Paid Salary for Cataloguing Sanscrit MSS.,.... 360 0 O Copyine MSS. Paid Copying Charges, bite aor itoo co AIN I AKBARI. Paid Munshi allowance, wie roo O° “Oo Ditto Printing Charges, ¢ j | a0. 8 O Tanpd’yA Mand BRAHMANA. Paid Editing and Printing Charges, cost, Dols 12°.0 MimAnsA DARSANA. Paid Editing and Printing Charges, » 53910 0
——
Carried over, Rs.
1871. 1870.
1,190 14 3 1,364 8
190 14 6 520 6
1,088 3 6 1,225 1
360 0 0 278 O
1,120 8 0 1,617 13
o
1,312 12 3,093 12
§39 10 0 427 2
6,663 6 10
eh
‘val
A, wee
ety a " if oe ae agate ok
} iy UE ara) :
** . , “fF, ‘ eee CHUGARE ¢ Me, i ) t f } 1‘) 4 4 of AY ’ é “ ri ) ! 7 ) 1 er) J er - y a y . LAO if . af \ 4 ; 3 d id - ay t Se J . 7 = ~~ ———m
Carried over, Rs. 15,830 4 11°
’ * w » > Dapell a J ver +, ’ ao
XXV
DISBURSEMENTS. Brought over, Rs. 6,663 6 10
_ Nrrsinna Taprni. Paid Editing and Printing Charges,
Ditto Postage and Registering fee for return-
ing MSS., eee ves
Maasir ALAMGIRI, Paid Editing and Printing Charges,
BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. Paid Editing and Printing Charges,
BRAHMA SUTRA. Paid Printing Charges, eee
Sawa VEDA, Paid Editing and Printing Charges,
GoPpATHA BRAHMANA, Paid Printing Charges, aes
LATYAYANA SRAUTA SUTRA, Paid Printing Charges, ae
Matri UPANISHAD, Paid Printing Charges, sue
TAITTIRIYA BRAHMANA, Paid Printing Charges, sie
TAITTIRIYA SANHITA, Paid Editing and Printing Charges,
PorMs CHAND.
960 13 0 OG 0
ee ee
« 550 0 0
ee) coe ees
. 1,126 9 0
See”
i eee OO
ooe 232 3 0
=
we 109. G..0
>
wee 81010 0
. 83912 O
Paid Freight and Packing Charges for send.
ing MSS., ene cary
FarHANG RASHIDI. Paid Editing and Printing Charges,
TAITTIRIYA ARANYAKA, Paid Editing and Printing Charges,
CHATURVARGA CHINTAMANI. Paid Hditing and Printing Charges,
CHHANDA SuTRA. Paid Hditing and Printing Charges,
Gosit Sutra, Paid Editing and Printing Charges, Ditto Banghy Expenses &c., for
ee 815 0
ooe 7038 O O
eee 396 8 (@)
“a Goo 6 0
— ee
we) Zo 8) -0
eee ee ee
402 6 0 sending
Sanscrit Books &c., to Pandita Chandra
Kanta Tarkaankar, ae
TAITTIRIYA PRATISAKHYA., Paid Editing and Printing Charges,
& 12: 0
———=
eee
328 3 0
1871.
961
550
232
232
109
310
3896
656
328
406
328
3.0
Carried over, Rs, 14,615 2 10
1870.
614 0
108 8
: ; se SY - Niel. ated Mot ai —_—_————See
nts z ‘Rs. 16,666 9
a . ; ——_—
‘@
> a. Dy ; * ed Rg * v Pate a ; “eo . >» -& ® s - ~ + & . 1 — :
XXVil
DISBURSEMENTS. 1871, 1870. Brought over, Rs. 14,615 2 10 K. Roghunath Row, ... ae cool May L2G Babu Heetalal Misser, ce eee 1-1 8 Babu Luchmun Singh, re 8 2 0 Babu Tarini Churn Chuckerbutty, ne is -0 Damaru Jetta, ae 17 10 6 The Principal of the Deros College, are i 2 Babu Brojo Bhusan Dass, — ae 1.228 J. Bisch, Esq,, aes aap wee Sees a Sadaskh Lall, Esq., ... vee ae Ss 12° © N. Muller Row, Esq., : ake ( lge : a8 Damaru Vallabha, ... eas wee 43 0 0 Babu Ram Chunder Bose, oe tae 14 8 0 Major C. W. Carr, ... ate a 010 0 Ramkrishna G. Bhanderkur,_ ... ie 3 3 0 Munshee Gunga Persad, oe atl G 243 2 6 BALANCE, In the Bank of Bengal, ee o tvap 5 7 Cash in hand, “< —- oes 2114 7
—- 1,808 4 2
Rs. 16,666 9 6
eee
Errors and Omissions excepted, (Sd.) BuppinatH Bysacx, Cashier, Asiatic Society, Bengal.
Audited and found correct, (Sd.) EF. W. Pererson, D WALDLDIE.
XXVU1
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Notice to Members and Correspondents of the ASIATIC SOCIETY of BENGAL.
> Oo 0
The duties of the London Agency of the society will hereafter be carried out by Messrs. Trubner and Co. of 60, Paternos- ter Row, London, and it is requested that all applications in Europe for the publica- tions of the Society, hitherto made to Messrs. Williams and Norgate, may be ad- dressed to Messrs. Trubner and Co., and ey all communications for the Society’s Journal and Proceedings and all books &¢., for the Society’s Library may be sent to the same firm.
Calcutta, July, 1872.
ae
EDITED BY
Wi if =
8 ie aust
thin these. limi its inquiries will wi extended to ‘whatever i is performed oe
—Sir Winrraat J ONES.
er 0g Fie tay
| ee See “4 rupees. seeee reese 7eeee 828 see woeereeresces 8 annas.
Vols. XII to XXII of the J Sarna onsale at the Sodiety’s eet, t o Subscribers, at 1R. per Number;—to N on-Subscribers, s—and of Vols. XXV to XXXVII, to Bobaoriborsy
to N fon-Subscribers, at 2 Rs, per Number.
a te &
1872.
CONTENTS.
Page Business of the Meeting,... ae HAT: ‘ 1 Pratapa Ch. Ghose, note on coved ee invese , 2 Letter by Col. Sir A. Phayre mens Gold Cone analy on abe Tala of Cheduba, . i 3 Translations font the Tyee i aeeshehe: ba Mega E. 6. ‘Bayley: | C28. C. 8. Di/andP. Whalley. Sis). sasvveueet)sbe gana avinvn semape 3 List of Comaninibaons TOOCLVOU, «os siausanth cs dels cue tauns Ohlak ee caaamaniantae Mears 4 Waditions:to the Wabrary 5} sin. o1ssssosecvuss ohebakceunes cevenceautysianvetven ges 4
ie
_ ‘Térilch i Baihagi, of Mas’td ; edited by W. ‘ Morley, sg. ‘Com: Se
ICTS?’ a4" hr. Seer UP ee _ - ae 2 Ue Usha AM Pr ee Sa a ‘ fs .y Reeuiae of % | ‘ he 7 mas, E v ly ce! 4 iy. ESS) REET INS Gh es Wa is ee PRESEN Ge pte LOS oy emby ot mi eoy ae ae > x ‘ i}? Lae We rs ' pag Pe At Cae aruda : eid oe a a ae * 7 2) eget Ay . . eee - 2 +16 ¢ x Oe * Rela VS me ie £ rh : ee aes , oH ag, EMT mA | hae i et \ y ie “ sat hee ah a yy . 0 ‘ ” “ y* « i - ia ’ Laas big Ss iN A
ICA DATIONS
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ASTATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, | = a
for sale at the Society’s Rooms, No. 4b, Park Beret ; a ee and in London, at Messrs. Williams and ee is 2 Eo
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“LIST OF THE HISTORICAL PUB
Fugees Dickey of ponote oi knew Muhanad ‘Raited | oH by Maulawis ’Abdul Haq and Abdul Hai. Published 20 Fase., aa 1B ot oO. Nae The Conquest of Syria, commonly ascribed to Wagidi ; A edited by, Ry rei: & "
. Captain W. N. Lees. Complete i in two Vols.,. Bets pa 5 108 x he! Afni “Akbari, by Abul Fazl i ’Alldm{; edited by ‘. Bloch. ae Rea Sa mann, M. A., published 13 Fase., 4to., at Bo 1-4j cooccccsccn 6 oo The ’Alamgirndmah, by Muhammad Kazim ibn i ituhsearued Ansa e eR Oe Munshi; edited by Maulawis Khadim Husain and Abdulhai. ee a RN | Complete i in 12 Fasc., at 0-10, . a Oak sees | The Padishahnémah, by Abdulhamid i Tahaan selitedl by Maclaviies be OR habia ay Kabiruddin Ahmad and ’Abdurrahim. Complete in 18 Fase, y LL; ht a ent | Futtih-ush- Shim, by Mir Tsma’il ; edited Ley area Lees. | Com- mt mas A. . cae plete in 4 Fasciculi, es nag pea
| The Maghazi of Waqidi ; ‘edited by. AY von. ‘Kremer, “Complete m : 5 Fase., .......... i
Tartkh i Firiz- Shahi, by Zid i ~Barani ; codited by Sayyid ‘Ahmad if oS. Khan: Complete m7. Pase., 2.222. se oa
plete 1 in 9 Fasc., 2.0.2: ‘AG; On Tabaqat i Naciri ; edited by Capt Ww. N. ‘Tees, LL. ‘D. Com Yiu: ‘ plete in 5 Fasc., ......... x The Muntakhab ut Tawérikh, by. Badsont : $i “edited by. ‘Mauiawd | gees oy Agha Ahmad ’Ali. Complete i in 15 Fase., 9 Gre “1
Igbalnamahi Jahangiri of Mu’tamid Khan ; edited. by. Mauiawis Pa taedt ’Abdulhai and Agha Ahmad ’Ali. Complete,... eee; Khafi Khan ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad. and Ghaldin he | Qadir. "Published 18 Fasce., at 0-10, At Piste: ae oe “ The Ain i Akbari ;—Translated into English, by H. ‘Bilockinann, Sie M. A.—Five Fasciculi, Royal 8vo..).0es. 8° 125s - The Maéasir i Avett ye Muhammad Sit 5 edited “aby Ashi Ahmad — ik Ali, 5 fasc.,... . AB Danae
*,* It is requested that colina unkeeiione for the Jowrnal or Prioacdonge! may be sent under “ r: | cote to the Honorary Secretaries, Asiat. Soc., to whom all orders for these works are to be ay addressed in India; or in London, to Messrs. "Williams and Norgate, 14, Henrietta Street, ‘2
{= Authors of papers are requested to send, with the original paper, if —
of considerable length, an abstract not exceeding 3 or 4 octavo pages of letter- a, press. |
by
RECENTLY Pree => By Messrs. Triibner and Co., Paternoster Row, London. — The Divans of the six ancient Arabic poets, Enndbigha, Antara, Tarafa
Zuhair, ’Alqama, and Imraulqais, chiefly ars to the MSS. of Paris Gotha, and Leyden, edited by W. Ahlwardt,
pee ors |
CaS ENG is | PROCEEDINGS xe
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
EDITED BY
JHE JIONORARY p ECRETARIES.
No. 1.—FEBRUARY, 1872. abe three plates) |
os Br a A
|e The bounds of its investigation will be the Me ankical limits of Asia: and . within these limits its inquiries will be extended to whatever is: performed by ‘man or produced, by nature.’—Sir Witiam Jonus.
———
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k= The publications of the Society consist—of the Proceedings, one num- ber of which is issued, as soon as possible, after every monthly meeting, and of the Journal, the annual volume of which is divided in two Parts: Part I being devoted to History, Philology, &c., Part II to Natural Science; each part is Separately paged and provided with a special index,—and one number of each part is published quarterly. Single numbers for sale at the above rates.
LD ALLL LPL LD
CALCUTTA :
PRINTED BY C. B. LEWIS, BAPTIST MISSION PRESS.
CONTENTS.
Page Business of the Annual Meeting,... ee yy a Nas: | Annual Report, oy Au eae | Election of Officers and A ener of Canna for LBA cr RA President’s Address, .. in ‘ay 9 pene Ordinary Monthly Meeting, ae ey ie Ba Business of the Monthly Meeting, ia a oe Alteration of Rule 29 of the Bye-laws, ‘ih Revie | Letter from Mr. J. Delmerick, on a unique Citacaddae ah rhe! of oe the Illustrious, a new Bactrian King, ... Bz
Letter from Mr. E. CO. Bayley, C. 8. 1., C.S., on an ‘hak Caibani we «BO Letter from Mr, M. L. Ferrar, O. 8., on further atin regarding
Rajah Todar Mall, Be Barra 3 Remarks on Mr. Ferrar’s letter ie Mr. H. Bitar, oF ww. 36 List of Communications received... ei a rity ( Additions to the Library, a aby FO List of Sanscrit MSS. purchased be the Bee, we «(88 List of Members of the Society to 31st December, 187 ee oh ae
Statements of Accounts for 1871,.. ‘ict Ke Ae Le 4
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rpailSTATIC, SCTE. on
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iss ay ye 2 i my oy rats “for sale at the Society’s Rooms, . No fo. | Ged oD London, at Messrs. il Webs is : Vets a U4, H H. bbe reet. eRe ‘ae ee Me eh teh pe
{ : h _ o De pe - A fj ORS Tianaht as dite / hear MAE Bere esas HOC Het ty ae th ‘ ‘ ye
Ee a he eS cae Bsn fash ah
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d Saicraphilel Res, of: Pains rao aan) a sate ey by Maulawis ’Abdul Haq and Abdul Hai. Published 20 ah ie The Conquest. of Syria, ‘commonly. ascribed to » Wadi ; ed oy. wy ;
Cay ptain W. N. ‘Lees. ‘Complete in two Vols., headin Se ~The Ma : Akbari , by Abul | Pal j a: ’Alldmi ; edited by ‘HH. i tt SN mann, M.A, ‘published 13 Fasc., Ato. sat | R, 1-4 Nee Se ; : oe ee by. Muhammad Kazimi ibn i ih, Muhammad Amin — Munshi ; edited by Maulawis. Khadim Husain and Abd ahai.
~ Complete i in 12 Fase., at 0-10, .... | Ne Sa ‘ | The no Padsnahndinah, by Abdulhamid i Léhauri 5 ited by PRS YS. Reabiraddin Whoa! and ’Abdurrahim. Complete. in 1 Sat a: Bubihooh- Shim, by Mir best il; edit oer Cz ee Lees, : yet ite eat plete in 4 Fasciculi, — Ns i | sh bc, oP RSM NYS Moghazi of Wagit ‘ited by Ae
BA Settles -Tarikh i ‘Winie. ahaht oy a! ee ed
haat. “‘Rhbn Complete in 7 Fasc., AEE wh een ae
SS ale ha Tix rich i Baihaqi, of Mas’td ; nedited:: By Ww. i Boro, Es Sq.
SAPS plete 1 in 9 Fasc., ee at .
AT hey AR Tabagat i sie Nagirt ; edited by ‘Capt, ‘
z ss Sie berene* Splate din 6 Fase., AN a8 ca
Se eee _ The Muntakhab ut pave by Badaoi dite cg , XN faul at Agh& Ahmad “Ali. Complete in 15 Tae) 8 oe Oe
| Tqbdlnganth | i Jahdngiri of Mu'tamid Khan ; ‘ited iy M “*e . *Abdulhai and Kahi Ahmad ’Ali. - “Complete,.. ada iotinest ae ee Khafi Khan ; edited by. Maulawis Kabiruddin Abmiad and ere pig: | - Qadir. Published 48° Base ah O10; eke eo pee The Ain i Akbart ; ;—Translated. into English, . by i ‘Biochim _ M. A—Five Fasciculi, Royal 8vo..,... rheetttttnenenenasenraseasnee ss The Maésir i 1 ’Alamgiri Bi Muhanimad ee edited Thy & Ali, 5 fase.,.... CE CUS: Gane oT RU cay oa
Hy ? Lm Let Tar nh
ea {
*,% Tt is requested that HAR Lf a the ai or SNORE gs may be ‘sent under . Ghee to the Honorary Secretaries, Asiat. Soc., to whom all orders for: these works wre to be addressed in India; or in London, to Messrs. Williams and. Norgate, 14, Henrietta, Street.
et
(= Authors of papers are requested to send, with the original paper, ‘2
of considerable length,;: an aapebrant not exceeding 3 or 4 octavo baci oF doteay a press. bhi ee i eee Byokinnur PusuisnEn. RE ae Ra oe ‘ Kas” By Messrs. Ufeibrer and Co., Paternoster Row, London. i ‘ “i
The Divans of the six ancient Arabic poets, Enndbigha, Antara, ue hn Zuhair, “Alqama, and Imraulqais, chiefly according to. the MSS. of aa ine Gotha, ‘and Leyden, edited yee W. Sxcetartii at “ ee
,
~
PROCEEDINGS fa
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, a fee ie tas Aiea ae
No. TIL eee phat Aa
* . . . r D-WNie =), |
ATTN
) Ss Sites
eee
COUR RVAR EE
Thyme ay The noua of Ses P ne a wi be the mierameel limits 0 of Asia : ea within ’ these limits i it inquiriés will be ‘extended to pore ig Beer formed Py
~ | | man or produced by natuvé—Sik Winu1am Jonus.),/+ ’).,
eiedey' x -_—_— P eee ees a
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Spare Numbers of Vols. XII to XXII of the J Py on a at the Society’s Rooms in Park Street, to Subscribers, at 1 R. per Number;—to Non-Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs. per Number :—and of Vols. XXV to XXXVILL, to Subscribers, at 1- 8 Rs. per Number ;—to Non-Subscribers, at 2 Rs. per Number.
CALCUTTA :
PRINTED BY C. B. LEWIS, BAPTIST MISSION PRESS.
CONTENTS.
Business of the Meeting, ....... oe Letter from Mr. Wyat on a Shoal of Deut eh Pir List of Members appointed to serve of the Cigars of the Sheeie | Resolution regarding the death of the Earl of meee Patron of the — DOCICLY, aires ai iesinaanascine lads amin wasnt Cagab cn naue ay Capt. Fryer, on eho Celts, APR iS Si ote Reale ai NS ey ag eh ese Remarks by Dr. J. Anderson, on the same; ; | ; Mr. Blochmann’s remarks on as received a Mr. Wilson, CoN., Badaon,y sis eck Mr. Wood-Mason’s remarks on 2 Mr. eats! sscidaat of besuvat Nage tribes'in Asam, ..2.0. 00.5 The Ruins of Kopari (Balnore District). cube J. Peaies, Bs, : C 8, On the Osteology of Triznops Persicus—By Dr. G. E. Dobson, ...... ! On the best resistance of the Coils of any Differential Galvanometer. — —By L. Schwendler, Esq., ........ ctseeseeneren census On the Syphon Recorder.—By W. E. Ayrton, Esq. si Leen ses Additions to the Library, ....... Sieh cade OpinvoeMee e ace R MERE Camere as eet ae Meteorological Observations. |
LIST OF THE HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
for sale at the Society’s Rooms, No. 45, Park Street ; and in London, at Messrs. Williams and Norsate, ‘1h, Henrietta Street.
Biographical Dictionary of Persons who knew Muhammad. Edited
by Maulawis “Abdul Haq and “Abdul Hai. Published 20 Fase, 15 0- ae
The Boasuasat of Syria, commonly ascribed to Waqidi ; edited by |
Captain WN. Lees. Complete in two Vols... 2. cee SMa AN Se The Aini Akbari, by Abul Fazl i ’Allami ; edited by H. Bloch- »
mann, M. A., published 18 Fase., 4to., at R. 1 4, 16 & The ’ Alamo némah; by Muhammad Karim ibn i Muhammad Amin
Munshi ; edited by Maulawis Khadim Husain and ’Abdulhai.
S250 7 F w
Complete i in 12 Fase., at 0-10, ‘tre The Padishahnamah, by Abdulhamid i Léhauti ; ; “edited by Maulawis
Kabiruddin Ahmad and ’Abdurrahim. Complete in 18 Fasc., 11 Futih-ush-Sham, by Mir Isma/1l; edited by Captain Lees. Com-
plebeiin. 4c Mascrtuly Cee eae a eer foc ae Rea 2 The Maghazi of Waqidi ; edited by A. von Kremer. Complete. in
5 Fase., RGR Res Rin BON a's MB ese a TSA Ca tite ACEC CUMBRIA aS) “igi 3 Tarikh i Firiz-Shahi, by Zid i Barani; edited by Sayyid Ahmad
Khan. Complete in 7 Fasce., ...... A Tarikh i Baihagi, of Mas'’ud ; edited by W. H. ‘Morley, Esq. “Com:
plete 1 TET RAC a 2 RAD te he oe CMR Bie lb rears Cremiey ee gt os DE ge rae 5 10 Tabagat i Nacivi; edited by Capt. W. N. Lees., LL. D. Com-
plete in 5 Fasc, eine Ener ee anh, ikon Utes ae Cet an My aetaneee Oia at The Muntakhab ut Tawaérikh, by Baddoni; edited by Maulawi |
Aghé Ahmad ‘Alt. Complete j INLD Mase, sal Pe nance O30 Iqbélnamahi Jahangiri of Mu’tamid Khan ; edited by Maulawis |
’Abdulhai and Agha Ahmad ’ Ali. Complete, Prarie aeee Re Wea s 1 14 Khafi Khan ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and Ghul4ém
Qadir. ‘Published 18 Bases eaten Ty pot echo) it iene eee an ll 4 The Ain i Akbari ;—Translated into English, by H. Blochmann,
M.A,+ Vive, Fasnedh) ‘Royal Svo. 0 ie ek, ee 8 12 The Maasir i eee belie Muhammad ad Sia edited opie ae Ahmad.
Ali, 5 fase.,. ¢ Sie
*,* It is requested that communications for the Jowrnal or Proceedings may be sent under cover to the Honorary Secretaries, Asiat. Soc., to whom all orders for these works are to be addressed in India; or in London, to’ Messrs. Williams and Norgate, 14, Henrietta Street,
Ks" Authors of papers are requested to send, with the original paper, if
of considerable length, an abstract not exceeding 3 or 4 octavo pages’ of letter- press.
ReEcEntLY PUBLISHED. => By Messrs. Triibner and Co., Paternoster Row, London.
The Divans of the six ancient Ar aise poets, Ennabigha, Antara, Tarafa
Zuhair, “Alqama, and Imraulqais, chiefly according to the MSS. of Paris, Gotha, and Leyden, edited by W. Ahlwardt.
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.
EDITED BY
/
JHE JionoraRyY PECRETARIES.
No. IV.—APRIL, 1872:
} The bounds of its investigation will be the geographical limits of Asia: and ., within these limits its inquiries will be extended to whatever is performed by
°
2
_|man or produced by nature.”—Sik Wiittam Jongs.
: ——_
ANNUAL SupsorrPrion, ibs vee Fee sev rer eeeee ge act A, rupees, PRICE PER NUMBER, eeaeeee pe ee 888 CH sCeerestesrenage 8 annas.
Spare Numbers of Vols. XII to XXII of the Journal on sale at the Society’s Rooms in Park Street, to Subscribers, at 1 R. per Number ;—to Non-Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs, per Number:—and of Vols. XXV to XXXVIII, to Subscribers,
at 1-8 Rs. per Number;—to Non-Subscribers, at 2 Rs. per Number.
t= The publications of the Society consist — of the Proceedings, one num- ber of which is issued, as soon as possible, after every monthly meeting, and of the Jownal, the annual volume of which is divided in two Parts: Part I being devoted to History, Philology, &c., Part II to Natural Science; each part is Separately paged and provided with a special index, and one number of each part is published quarterly. Single numbers for sale at the above rates.
CALCUTTA: PRINTED BY C. B. LEWIS, BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. 1372.
CONTENTS.
Page Business of the Meeting, .............. ED Bh Wecs ays diese Ace at an Maker 55 Letters from Mr. Thomas and from D. S, Somanatyssa, ............... ees 3) 0 Notes on the age of the ruins chiefly situated at Banaras and Jaunpir, By). Ato neHag.; iiss ies, Sea Cait apik ic gia au aa aay Aa RN 57 Translations of selected portions of Chand’s Epic, Book I y—by J. Beams, TRA i Rateces nig te ried iy tere edoe Ae gel SE PTR Lele at 57 On an Aracanese coin,—by Capt. Gi. B. Bryer, ...c..cce cee eee OE aed 58 | Notes on Ghargaon, Asim,—by J. W. Morster, Wisq.,.....cccsecseceveeecer OD Notes on Father Tieffentaller—by Lt.-Col. A. §. Allan, .................. 59 More Buddhist ruins in Oris4,—by. J. Beames, Hisq.,.... 20.00 ceceeeee sen eee 62 Koch Bihér, Koch Hajo and As4m in the 16th and 17th centuries &c.,—by H. Blochmann, Di REG yc ae 62 Papers postponed and received, ...... abate Weiner ue omitits Ak RED The Swans of India,—by W. E. Brocka, C. z., PAAR tgs ERIN, S| The Imperial Eagles of India,—by W. E. Broce ©. ‘E, A Sat ip AE On a new Indian Sylvia,—by W. E. Brooks, C. E., dvlad VRUe sas ae CANE Additions tothe Library.) ces, at. ss decte tay las Marae eeeE ts eeb Uae date ne ae
Meteorological Observations.
LIST OF THE HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
for sale at the Society’s Rooms, No. 45, Park Street ; and in London, at Messrs. Williams and Norgate, 14, Henrietta Street.
Biographical Dictionary of Persons who knew Muhammad. Edited by Maulawis “Abdul Haq and ’Abdul Hai. Published 20 Fase., 15 0 The Conquest of Syria, commonly ascribed to Waqidi ; edited by
Captain W. N. Lees. Complete in two Vols.,.....0..000.0.. 0.00. 5. 10 The Aini Akbari, by Abul Fazli’Allami; edited by H. Bloch- mann, M. A., published 13 Fasc., 4to., at R. 1-4, 2200.20.00. 2.. 16 4
The ’Alamgirnamah, by Muhammad Kazim ibn i Muhammad Amin Munshi; edited by Maulawis Khadim Husain and ’Abdulhai.
Opmiplotie in! 12) Fasc y ab O-10se coe ie oie Ms Ste: The PAdishahnamah, by Abdulhamid i Lahauri ; edited by Maulawis
Kabiruddin Ahmad and ’Abdurrahim. Complete n 18 Fase, 11 4 Futth-ush-Sham, by Mir Isma’il; edited by Captain Lees. Com-
pleterin ar Pa cicul yee cae en Ne cutee Mamet A a ya». The Maghazi of Waqidi; edited by A. von Kremer. Complete. in
an YS Sieaeetee ie ia a De a Cala Cy io ae A ie Man oe SAN a, ME ts ted Sucre. O Taérikh i Firiz-Shahi, by Zid i Barani; edited by Sayyid Ahmad
Khan;* ‘Conmplete sa 7 Base; 6 oe Ysa t eh ean ee a one 4 6 T4rikh i Baihaqi, of Mas’id; edited by W. H. Morley, Esq. Com-
Plobe in Bases tare necro et aneetes ene meen eae Me ae 5 10 Tabagat i Naciri; edited by Capt. W. N. Lees., LL. D. Com-
plete IO awe. Ai aicek em cuew act Stee aaa Oh ca ten ean Re Sa ae The Muntakhab ut Tawarikh, by Badaoni; edited by Maulawi
Agha Ahmad ’Ali.» Complete in 15 Fase., .....0. 000000. ek Iqbalnamah i Jahangiri of Mu’tamid Khan ; edited by Maulawis
’Abdulhai and Agha Ahmad ’Ali. Complete,.......000.000..00... 1.14 Khafi Khan ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and Ghulém
Qadir Published 18iF ase: cat 0-1 Oe ee ieee Ll: 4 The Ain i Akbari ;—Translated into English, by H. Blochmann,
M. A—Five Fasciculi, Royal 8vo0.,..000 0000 812 The Maésir i’Alamgiri by Muhammad Saqi ; edited by Agha Ahmad
OW Sg TT ea, aap A a ACS SNe SY tn a te Ha NO a” gt a
*,* Tt is requested that communications for the Journal or Proceedings may be sent under cover to the Honorary Secretaries, Asiat. Soc., to whom all orders for these works are to be addressed in India; or in London, to Messrs, Williams and Norgate, 14, Hennetta Street,
f= Authors of papers are requested to send, with the original paper, if
of considerable length, an abstract not exceeding 3 or 4 octavo pages of letter- press.
RecentLy Pusiisven. fs By Messrs. Triibner and Co., Paternoster Row, London. The Divans of the six ancient Arabic poets, Ennadbigha, Antara, Tarafa
Zuhair, “Alqama, and Imraulqais, chiefly according to the MSS. of Paris, Gotha, and Leyden, edited by W. Ahlwardt,
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
EDITED BY
JHE fIONORARY PECRETARIES.
No. V.—MAY, 1872.
OSSETNSSE NT RST _DISEE RSSSENE NOR NOOSE MO PRtihkhi cy « ESSN ee eas Ne nD =
“The bounds of its investigation will be the geographical limits of Asia: and _| within these limits its inquiries will be extended to whatever is performed by man or produced by nature.’”—Si1k WILLIAM JONES.
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, « iveseiceccrseersseeee sevteenee 4 PUpees, PBICHIPEE ON UMBOR ee cous ke vieree ems srasctcserser: OS. annaAs
Spare Numbers of Vols. XII to XXII of the Journal on sale at the Society’s Rooms in Park Street, to Subscribers, at 1 R. per Number;—to N on-Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs. per Number:—and of Vols. XXV to XXXVIII, to Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs. per Number;—to Non-Subscribers, at 2 Rs. per Number,
gs" The publications of the Society consist —of the Proceedings, one num- | ber of which is issued, as soon as possible, after every monthly meeting, and of the Jowrnal, the annual volume of which is divided in two Parts: Part I being devoted to History, Philology, &c., Part II to Natural Science; each part is separately paged and provided with a special index, and one number of each part is published quarterly. Single numbers for sale at the above rates.
CALCUTTA : PRINTED BY C. B. LEWIS, BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. 1872.
CONTENTS.
Page Ordinary business of the Meeting, ) isi. si aire uicovesh ts :steilee ie sna aeese 69 Monograph of Indian Cyprinide, Part V, by Surgeon F. Be (Abstract); Hoes pce Ware ers U Note on a few species of Barniee ate ce At 0. Wie C. B, HOS 70 Notes on the Reptilian and Amphibian Fauna of Kachh, by Dr. F. Stoliczka,. ........: 71 Notes on Reptiles, sallbctod ihe Surggon P. Day ai in Sine ms he ‘F. Stohiczka, ....6.... Naepe ae 3) Observations on Tada Bias: by Dr. P. Stoliczka, (Abarat! © ships 92 Mr. Schwendler on ‘ Insulator Detector,’ ............cccceecactadececsvsectecaee, Q2 AGdrhions:to' the Tabrarys 20. .20)y 280i. secs ctv oudynstne cemvente CaAtaeh GaN aeecin s 93
Meteorological Observations for March, 1872.
~The Conquest of Syria, commonly ascribed to Wagidi ; a ae
_ The ’Alamgirndmah, by Muhammad Kézim ibn i Nabaininad ae
The Padishdhndmah, by Abdulhamid i Léhauri ; ceitedl ‘a Mataniis mi
The Maghazi of Nene ‘ited diy Avon Kremer Gampiste
“The Muntalhab ut Tawarikh, by Baddoni ; edited by. ‘Maula | Taeanaraalt i Jahangiri of Ma’ tamid Khan ; edited. by Maulawis
eh st ty, Bai HEPA bret fact iw ye “a yh Nags EAE ths
LIST OF ‘THE ‘HISTORICAL, ‘PUBLICA 01 Ns ee
OF THE "SSS Se
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL, for sale at the Society's Rooms, No. 45, Park ‘Stree "
and in London, at Messrs. Williams and a, Norteate, std Henrietta Street. er
Ln ‘i
iy "sh vi ie x, th at y
‘sh WS Beh cir if a ie ONE Ye 4 Wy ’ He Yate
Hosni) Dictionary of a Pane Bat eee hee ite 1 ‘ by Maulawis Abdul Haq and ’Abdul Hai. Published 20. Fase
: Captain W.N. Lees. Complete i in two Vols.,...........1 The Aini Akbari, by ‘Abul Fazl i ’Allami ; edited by ba : mann, M. A., published 13 Fasc., 4to., at R. 1-4,
Munshi ; edited by Maulawis Khadim Husain and ’Abdulhai. Complete i in. 12 Fasc., at 0-10,...............
Kabiruddin Ahmad and eee ae 3 in 18 dros:
plete i in 4 Fasciculi, . eau ob tc SA IR ann SCAR Neng
“Térikh i Firtz-Shahi, a Zihi Barant “edited by Sayyid Abmnad :
‘Khan. | Complete Sp ig Cen URE -Tarikh i Baihaqj, of Mas’ ud ; edited by Ww. H ‘Morley, Esq. Com. . plete in 9 Fase., athe eS ha DA Bol 281 7 Tabaqat i Naciri; edited by” “Capt We N. Lees, ) LL. D. “Com. eM, plete in 5 Fase., ...... Sie ren es enner sgeer nee ee SA iS OE ee
Agha Ahmad ’Ali. Comp Note i in 15 Fase,, . he See Pao aye .
’Abdulhai and Agh4 Ahmad ’Ali. Complete,. Sls ca Dane Oa oe vag Eh Khafi Khan ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and Ghali
— Qadir. ‘Published: TS Pages! e208 ocd ane gia PRe ede The Ain i Akbari ~Trinslated: ‘into English, by H. ‘Blochmann, ae Ay A Pa
M. A.—Five Fasciculi, Boyal Bros ee Ae Ol Mies ‘s 12 The Maésir i’Alamgiri by Muhammad an ‘eibited by ‘a Ahmad a,
TES Br HRSG eB chi enact ate e oat too me eau
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of | RECENTLY PUBLISHED. Sr othe Ha ciate % , i= By Messrs. Triibner and Co., Paternoster Row, tara. : she The Divdns of the six ancient Arabic poets, Ennabigha, ’Antara a, Tarafa
Zuhair, ’Algama, and Imraulgais, chiefly Se to the MSS. rot Paris, Gotha, and Leyden, edited by W. Ahlwardt. (2) i oa ee
PRY Ng
LORS PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
EDITED BY
| JHE JIONORARY PECRETARIES.
= Tp aE eRe Uy
*«'The bounds of its.investigation will be the geographical limits of Asia: and within these limits its inquiries will be extended to whatever is performed by man or produced by nature.’—Sir WILLIAM Jones.
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Ge The publications of the Society consist — of the Proceedings, one num- ber of which is issued, as soon as possible, after every monthiy meeting, and of the Jowrnal, the annual volume of which is divided in two Parts: Part I being devoted to History, Philology, &c., Part Il to Natural Science; each part is separately paged and provided with a special index, and one number of each part is published quarterly. Single numbers for sale at the above rates,
CALCUTTA: PRINTED BY C. B. LEWIS, BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. 1872.
CONTENTS.
Ordinary business of the Meeting, ......... bine ceae:
An Account of the occurrence of a Whirlwind si aaloubee hoa of Calcutta, by Mr. W. G. Willson, .........
On Beef in Ancient India.—By Babu ai dncielat Mitra, (Abstract, y
Notes on Arabic and Persian Inscriptions, No. I1.—By H. Bloch- mann, M. A., Calcutta Madrasah, (Abstract), .............cc cee eee
The Buddhistic remains of Bihar in Patna, by A. M. Broadley, a Cc. S., HA
Essays on the abies ae aie of the Tadectinet Sretropiols 2 in Hindi declension and their equivalents in other Gaurian lan- guages. Nos. I to III, by the Rev. A. F. R. Hoernle, D. Ph. Tiibingen, Professor of Sanskrit, Joy Narain’s College, Benares,..
The Legend of Baghesar, a deified spirit held in great reverence by the Kusra, Siri, Markém, Netia and Sdérstin clans of the Gond tribe,—by Captain W. L. Samuells, Assistant biiceregs
Ménbhiim, .......... Be cclugn gs Observations on Indian Batrachi—by Dr. F. Stoica. Peeeicaesates ve Additions to the Library, ....,..... sinter rsnGont Rebseeiousiens ees Meteorological Observations for Atl “1872,,. shapnbanasaanhatasa
98
100 101 118 116
=~ ja gt 7. Ae a 2) Cow . Puy Sheds ys, hs : bf Sey ; $ he Wa spo _ ad le) Rie) 4 x ee Sa ¢ Reo cue a, ‘ ” DS ute ye Ni CRRA ene 1 ia in, DRO eT ee Wok 0 A Ate Oe tT 1) Sas RTOS. SR Nee sha , ee ’ BTA pe 2) Du + al : a a ea Pome eee |e Et q i ey he Why
ay el ving
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pis fo sale at the Society’s ee and, ih London, at M aes ry of Pe on wh sve Cah : s “Abdu fe san
ied The een of f Sym
ey ay he ee N. ana BS ‘ Me i i We.
"Munshi ; edited i Man
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A. ees has r plete in 4 ‘Fasciculi,
ee. it Eas a f * Wa . ‘The pCa of al s ‘edited hy. Ay | PY a ; 7 érflch i Firdz-Shahi, by Tid i ‘Barani : oe oe at Khan. “Complete i in 7 Fase., -.. Roses oc, Hy Dich 3 i Baihaqi, of Mas’ td ; edited ae Sete re, plete i in 9 Fase., .\...: , Reet & Tabaqat i i Nagiri 5 edited ‘iy Gi * a. nye ~ plete in 5 Fase., Pi iS ART aE
oe Muntakhab ut ‘Taw of oe
pes ee aioe I qbéinamnah i Jahan fri ‘of Mw’ tamid Ake.
23 Dee - *- *Abdulhai and Aehi. Ahmad ’Ali Comy lete,. ss K*hAfi Khan ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin A — Qhair. “Published 18 Fase, at 0-10, ......... dat 5 gant ~The Ain i Akbari ,—Translated into English, by HL
SM. A.—Five Fasciculi, Royal 8v0.,.......:..2.. “lt sees ‘The Maésir i’Alamgiri by Muhammad Saqi ; edited iy a Ali, shia! Ria ee ingen Lies
. oe to the Honorary. Beoretgeaas Asiat. Soe., to culkin “all i ti for sat debe are Spite. addressed in India; or in London, to Messrs. Williams and Norgate, 14, ‘Henrietta | Street.
{> Authors of papers are requested to send, with the original paper, | of considerable recta an pierre! not Pirie st g, or oe aia, pages: of ae
press. | . | PND Sen tity. boii ca | nN “RECENTLY PUBLISHED. ti
(om By MeSee Trébner and Oo. te pinie ae lion on i
The Divans of the six ancient Arabic poets, Enndbigha, Antar: bs i
ts Zuhair, ’Alqama, and Imraulqais, chiefly Peis to the M of Paris, 4 Gotha, and Leyden, edited by W. Ablwardt. gules ee Hee ot ae
PROCEEDINGS
|| ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL
JHE JEONORARY SECRETARIES.
Tifat =. = a : Nem uneeeny
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- = The publications of the Society consist — of the Proceedings, one num: ber of which is issued, as soon as possible, after every monthly meeting, and of the Jowmal, the annual volume of which is divided in two Parts: Part I being deyoted to History, Philology, &c., Part Il to Natural Science; each part is separately paged and provided with a special index, and one number of each part is published quarterly. Single numbers for sale at the above rates.
SARA
CALCUTTA : PRINTED BY (C. B. LEWIS, BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, 1372.
CONTENTS.
Ordinary business of the Meeting, ........ Tiveypeave raves
Mr. Blochmann’s Remarks on Bengal i idea aioe COINS, ......
The Buddhistic Remains of Bihar in Patna—By A. M, ae Esq., Dacca, .........
Notice of the Mammals ai Birds inhabiting Kachh, it Te FR, ‘Sto- liczka,...
On the Tdentity of the Siluroid Ha -Hrethintes can ee ie ‘Suir geon Major Francis Day, ......... ee
Monograph of Indian Cyprinidae, (Part wD et Suspeen Aor ‘B. DAY 5 vss astens
Notes on Fish, soliotied, by Dr) foliation in ‘anh: is Surgeon ‘Ma. jor F. Day,...
Notes on some new ons Gp hatte st Restaban ieéliotted is des W. Waagen in North-Western Panjab, by Dr. F. Stoliczka,...
The Conquest of South India, in the 12th Century, by Picteratnn Bahu, the great King of Ceylon—By J. Rhye Davids, sachet Judge, Anuradhapura, Ceylon,... peaciberaines
Note on a new King of Bengal.—By i. Blochmann, 1 M. vl yr ives tates
Additions to the Library, ... sesiedabaneocdusindévedsctadecae
Meteorological Observations for Mae 1872, Sakdae Ven diacade arranaduean cas
for suisats the Seed t ’s R | NO. ae in London, at Messrs. Williams: , Henrietta Street, a nese ue
x $3 < ries Me Pc aa Rebs oS oN ' me ue -, Re af tes es The aa “hy nee meen Tae i or ae ne ah Manors: ee = 43 oe ¥ Me jar’ Sh by vai: ut ; set dy tei oh . A., published 14] art Eimémah, by Muhamm mm Sd oe z * “Munshi ; edited by Ma vulawi Hash ve Com ee Aare a
% “Yutdhrash-Shim, es Mir "Tsmé'll s il ae ae a plete in 4 Fasciculi, .. PR ware ie
Sas Shes = i The Maghaai c of ea y ren Bhs ties DY MBC. ne oF See ahve oa oe ee ng: ° | Tinihh i "Rint Shahi, = ae T Barand edit ed y Say 4 tees eye ‘Khan. Complete MIYS7 AOE. Wn ove eae eye rcs ht Mfrikch 3 i Baihaqi, of Mas’ "ad 5 edited by Ww a Mo: ey of: ayraee © + ere plete in 9 Fase., .. ee Dice Pe CeL : aye $s — Tabagat i i Naciri; sedlited by E
£ Png) aS
intone ae a plete i in Diltaaes ook ee Me 2 a Hie Hehe | The: ‘Muntakhab ‘ut Tawérikh, et Badéont 3 Age tak Agha Ahmad Ali. Complete ir ‘15 F Bis Sea oe “Tqbadngmah i Jahangiri of Mu’tamid Khan ; edite eee BS uae _ ?Abdulhai and Agha Ahmad ’Ali. - Complete,... ‘varoe |“ Khafi Khan ; edited fe -Maulawis acohiadan ere and “Gini ie ae ae Qadir. ‘Published 18 Fase., at 0-10, Prk Ss ¥ Sn ee arti The Ain i ‘Akbari ;—Translated into English,
Ad: -M. A.—Six Fasciculi, Royal Byo., i 6. 3 eee beh
The Maédsir i’ Alamgiri bysMohasnaned Ba ‘ii ‘ Mah ‘nad
mat aa A, Ses Se EES SNe rte vedic Sa ees dere a: ee ae 3
bide to the seas Secretaries, ‘Abt Soe to vache at oaiare on ite Raita: | addressed. ' im India ; or, Mm London, to Messrs. Tritbner and Co. 60, Paternoster Row,
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ie | eoceviere Pusrisuep. ABA ny! Be? SS By pe vo ‘Tritbner and Co., Be Diced, Meni Lasik 6 ie
ates The Divans of the six ancient Arabic poets, Enndbigha, ; Antara, Tarafa | _ Zuhair, ’Alqama, and Imraulqais, chiefly Si to. phe MaRS: of Paris, ee: Gotha, and Leyden, edited by W: Piers yay st aha ne betas
es z , ’ Wah Monty" vat y c" Ww . ’ ats 1 v, a , f wt
wi f
The bounds of its investigation will be the geographical lis of Agia «
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_ PROCEEDINGS
‘SO
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within these limits its inquiries ‘will be exténded to: w man or produced. by nature.”——Sin‘WixLisM Jongs,
" The publications of the Societ; r ot which is issued, as soon as possible, ‘after every monthlyetine, and‘of | the Journal, the annnal volume of which is divided in two PaiPart I being
devoted itp History, Philology, &c., Part il to Natural Scieneach ‘part is |’
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ty consist — of the Procégs, one num:
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XII of the Journal on sa} the Society's l
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| CONTENTS: = 4
Page Ordinary business ofthe Meeting, .....sie cece eeeee sees sas i 135 Naga method of elirbing eB gee Mh A Bl gS AONB AS So A Pe | Copper plate inseripbn found at Karennee, ..,... Se sido BO an vi eh | 138 Accident from lightmg gb TAAMCOUR ks paths Nes Aes car ak eats ae 139 Electrotypes of two ncient seals, oes. cepeeeaeesaneetserrenene 140 Notes on Raja ‘Toda Mall)... eRe hab DF. as 141 Note on a few Barnge species of Sauria, Ophidia‘and Batrachia,—By a
De ie Stoliowk! Reo TR are oe eis iy Sa Feet edn 14
On a new species of eguloides,— By W. E. Brooks, C. E., Assensole, 148 Notes on a collect of birds made in the Andaman Islands, b t Assistant Surgn Dobson, M. B., during the months of ‘Apel
and May; 187+-By V. Ball, Misq.pAB. Ag... bis. .cs cite, 0-250 cas 150. On the land-shells ¢Penang, with a description of the animals and with anatomic/notes,—By Dr. P. Stoliczka,................ Mh :-Soes ib,
On new and little jown species of Phasmide, Part I, genus, Ba-
cillus—By JVood-Mason, Hisq., 0.0.4.0. eeeetieteeeeeseueee LBL On Nephropsis Starti, a new genus and species of macrurous crus-
taceans, ily deep water off the Eastern Coast ofthe Anda-
man Islands,3y J. Wood-Mason, Esq.) oo. oo... eevee e dec es ab. Notes on the Asia’ species of the genus Taphozous, Geoff..—By G. :
E. Dokewne 8, BAS Me Ba ae a Cee ae Bas: ab. Notes on some sp¢s of Chiroptera collected by W. Theobald, Esq.,
in Barmah,—y Gi. By: Dobson, Batt, + Ac; ae. ots ee oer, 154 The Rhapsodies o/@
mbhir Rai, the Bard of Narpir (A. D, 1650) ,— By John Bers, Be Ou SMES Re Beis eee yr ee bee neve, Badditions to the: rary, 23¢.- 6...) -cevopephendss pr e- oc omoe vei beep inbes 04 162 Meteorological Orvations for June and July, 1872, :
POR eee sae roewerene
Notice to embers and Correspondents of the ASITIC SOCIETY of BENGAL.
The dies of the London Agency of the Society jl hereafter be carried out by Messrs. Tbner and Co. of 60, Paternos- ter Row,ondon, and it is requested that all applicions in Europe for the publica= tions of1¢ Society, hitherto made to Messrs. \lliams and Norgate, may be ad- dressed t Messrs. Trubner and Co., and that all»pmmunications for the Society’s~ Journal d Proceedings and all books, &c., for the ciety’s Library may be'’sent to the sami«rm. | |
J 4 h
5 be a A
LIST OF THE HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS
OF THE |
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
for sale at_ the Society’s Rooms, No. 45, Park Spee. and in London, at Messrs. Williams and Norsate, 14, Henrietta Street, and Messrs. Trivbner/and Co. ee 60, Paternoster Low. Y
Biographical Dictionary of Persons who knew Michapinsa’ jae by Maulawis “Abdul Haq and “Abdul Hai. Published 90 Fase, 15 0 The Conquest of Syria, commonly ascribed to Wadidi 5 dited by
Captain W.N. Lees. Complete in two Vols.,......./....2.--.4. 5 10 The Aini Akbari, by Abul Fazli’Allami; edited by, a Bloch- mann, M. A., published 14 Fase., 4to., at R. 1- A, / cone Rta Lives
The ’Alameirndmah, by Muhammad Kazim ibn i Mulammad Amin. Munshi ; edited by Maulawis Khadim Ene and ’Abdulhai.
Complete in 12 Base., at 0-10; ico ee eet fo a tae pape C228 The Padishahnamah, by Abdulhamid i Lahauri ; Eta by Maulawis
Kabiruddin Ahmad and ’Abdurrahim. Co plete m18 Fase, 11 4 Futth-ush-Shim, by Mir Ismail; edited by Captain Lees. Com-
plete in 4 Fasciculi, Rey ey Ree pyc eit SMM, Baba The fly 1S Yt 2 ae The Maghazi of Waqidi; edited by A. von Kremer. Complete in
Be Wages ie h ae eC a Go Ra Ne BO A oe Met Pale tO ve Cine Tarikh i Firiz-Shahi, by Zid i Barani; edited by Sayyid Ahmad
Khan, Complete, in 7 Mase... ustvcce e600 0s. sata unt 4 6 Térikh 1 Baihaqi, of Mas’td ; edited by W. H. Morley, Esq. Com-
plete ineO' Wage, Rat AR Ee eer TOMS oan ee eee a 5 10 Tabaqat i Naciri; edited by Capt. W. N. Lees., LL. D. Com-
plete‘in Das. 2A ser epee e te ete ome ee eye Ua oat a Cee The Muntakhab ut Tawdrikh, by Badaoni; edited by Maulawi af
Agha Ahmad ’Ali, _@omplete in 15 Fase., .:...0.02...0 es 9° 6 Iqbalnamahi Jahdéngiri of Mu’tamid Khan ; edited by Maulawis
’Abdulhai and Agha Ahmad ’Ali. Complete,..........0.0..00.. 1 14 Khafi Khan ; edited by Maulawis Kabiruddin Ahmad and Ghulam |
Qadir): Published “tS; l'ase.v a6 O210.) eo or ys or aio a eae ll 4 The Ain i Akbari ;—Translated into English, by H. Blochmann,
M.A. Sik Fascienh,y Royal 870,10 neo ee ey, 10 68 The Maéasir i’Alamgiri by Muhammad Saqi ; edited by Agha Ahmad
RAMS 6 fase}, i. SE ACRES. ea pac: Oe Une NEL ate Ga Oe eer ae Ove
*,* Tt is requested that communications for the Jownal or Proceedings may be sent under cover to the Honorary Secretaries, Asiat, Soc,, to whom all orders for these works are to be addyvessed in India; or, in London, to Messrs. Triibner and Oo., 60, Paternoster Row.
fs Authors of papers are requested to send, with the original paper, if
of considerable length, an abstract not exceeding 3 or 4 octavo pages of letter- press.
RECENTLY PUBLISHED. f= By Messrs. Triibner and Co., Paternoster Row, London. The Divans of the six ancient Arabic poets, Ennébigha, Antara, Tarafa
Zuhair, ’Alqama, and Imraulqais, chiefly according to the MSS, of Paris, Gotha, and Leyden, edited by W. Ablwardt.
\ PROCEEDINGS
|| ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
y HE JEONORARY PECRETARIES.
No. IX.—_NOVEMBER, 1872.
Pa ee ee Ae POUL CE Liege ——— I WT] if FIT { A fy Ht I mh WHE A SMI Vee Apia ll
a =| tH Li |
al
poi:
“The bounds of its investigation will be the geographical limits of Asia: and within these limits its inquiries will be extended to whatever is performed by {man or produced by nature.’’—Sir WILLIAM JONES.
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, .....0sevcecsessereeers sesssesce 4 FUPCES, PRICE PER NUMBER, eeaeeee eer e O82 SH SCeereetdese tes ees 8 annas.
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jat 1-8 Rs. per Number:—and of Vols. XXV to XXXVIII, to Subscribers, at 1-8 Rs. per Number ;—to Non-Subscribers, at 2 Rs. per Number.
«= The publications of the Society consist — of the Proceedings, one num- ber of which is issued, as soon as possible, after every monthly meeting, and of the Jowrnal, the annual volume of which is divided in two Parts: Part I being devoted to History, Philology, &c., Part II to Natural Science; each part is separately paged and provided with a special index, and one number of each part is published quarterly. Single numbers for sale at the above rass,
CALCUTTA: PRINTED BY C. B. LEWIS, BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. 1872.
CONTENTS.
: Page
Ordinary business of the Modtin gai rose raps a MUR hs aera ies 165 Inscription on a Tomb at Sambhalhera, ..0... 0. ec cecee cee see eet eee ee ib. Inscription on a Mosque at Sambhalhera, vod ghe Fee ea rhe tn BN BTN ee 166 Tnseripions from Bob ere 8 os ea caer ee fave panve? hes Se ee es ab. Inscriptions from Miyan BE sa 7 Si ES A aR ROR Ce et ot a en 168 Inscription on the chase of one ofthe trophy guns formerly belonging
to the Bengal Artillery... tio reel ieseeeseg eee 169 Inscription on Jahanara Bani Beguin’s Tomb, Delhi, ES BARR EA in 2b. Note regarding a fall of lightning at Morar, 2.00.0... cecccc cies cece 170 A Copper-plate grant from Sambhalpdr,.....0 eee ete eee 171 Three old silver seals of the E. I. Company, ..000. 0s oie eee 172 Woteson the Baivas of Balaghat, ie cos Sess coe een ab. On a Coin of Plato. —By Edward ‘Thomas, Bsqu v...-... eee. eens 174 On the Archeological remains of Barantptr i in Zila’ Bhagalptr, ...... 175 On the term Gaurian as a name for the Sanskritic Vernaculars of
North India. Se aey, A. F. R. Hoernle, D. Ph., Professor of Sans-
krit,, Jaynarain College, Benares, 0) ic iio eiee ce sve uber eee 177 Remarks by Babi Rajendralala on the SOIR EO en Py ee Se 180 On the Tirthas of Brindaban and Gokul.—By F. 8. Growse, M. A.,
dS FES ORE SR SN a go ep tT eatin Sy ger Seis tiie ics 183 Extracts from three Memoirs by Professor Holmboe, on traces of
Buddhism: in Norway fe tree seas cece teers cee len teh ate camer Additions-to-bhe Mibra4ry, 2, eesti. sage dear en eM | vate So Meteorological Observations for ‘June; July, August and Bein. a
1872. 4 |
Notice to Members and Correspondents.
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cw, “ ~~ Pa Se PE SIRO RAL IO
UST OF THE HIST
we Sep _ are oe ee _ et oa a a »? ated aA 1” f a3? sh, Maly oF. ; ‘= eae:
*
ok sare ray Cae : ASI ATIC § ‘ GE for Butea the Soc Sand in London, |
4 > . * ‘ e ff, " is ~ >>») - ~ © tes “ % vs es or g> ” r~ f a”. 5 es hex 04 . Pt "s -# he = “ > -
S | Kabir ruddin Ahmad and. | Fubdhish- shim, by M an E plete in 4 Fas ais ee : ‘The “Maghazi of Waid erties 3) Fase., . EBRD, Se eee Pek e | Térikh i i Firtz- ‘Shahi, by. Zi ie a Khan. — Complete. m eE oe ee ~ Térilh § i Baihagi, of Mas’ ud; ¢ eee As Be: ie plete i in 9 Fasce., . RET } ey Rohn ie pTebanat 3 i Naciri ; edited by Cup
€
Be Se ee - plete in 5 Fase., es ote res ain ‘The “Muntakhab- ‘ut-Tawérilch by. f Pye ee —Kohé Ahmad PAL. Complete i in
She he - Igbaindmah i Jahdngiri of Mu’tai
ee. be. | ? Abdulhai and Aehé Ahmad
- Sree, Khali Khan ; edited by Maulawis F
ee os Qadir. “Published 18 Fase., at
The Ain i Akbari- ;—Translated int
‘M. A.—Six Fasciculi, Royal 8vo., ....
~The Maasir i *Alamgiri by Muhammad Saq
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eda ~ RECENTLY Popuisnep. ae eS By Mises: Triibner. and Co. ‘Patémnbater bas t oe The Divdns of the six ancient Arabic poets, “Enndbigha, Ants ay Bs
Zuhair, ’Alqama, and Imraulqais, chiefly ee we obs Mss P ieelobha and iba edited oy WY See Tete eran Fagg
we
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Gs" The publications of the Society consist — of the Proceedings, one num- | ber of which is issued, as soon as possible, after every monthly meeting, and of the Jowrnal, the rannl volume of which is divided in two Parts: Part I being devoted to History, Philology, &c., Part II to Natural Science; each part is separately paged and provided atts a special index, and one tS of each part is published quarterly. Single numbers for sale at the above rates.
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CALCUTTA : PRINTED BY C. B. LEWIS, BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. 1872.
CONTENTS.
Page Business of the Meeting, ......00¥le ecu ceces Toke oh Gites cee On Inscribed stones, &c., from Chittagong, .....ccaeeseees Se ateara eee ib.
Knotted ropes used by the Santals in taking the census of 1872,.... 192 Memorandum by R. Cole, Esq., Superintendent of Indm Settlements Maisur on certain copper grants found in the Malnad, with
translations of the inscriptions, ........,.0.- h aaopnen g a #ee LOS Coins from the Muradabad District, 2.2... 0.0... .00 0000, AF ie ee ef 2198 Notes by Babu Rajendraléla Mitra on two inscriptions from Banka, |
Zila Sh Apal Pury as: Asa oe as aces se wa ee RA wk sipialeute cree ese 98 Readings of rare Bengal coins.—By E..Thomas, Esq., ........ Tee LOO Mr. Blochmann’s remarks on the same, iv... secede cece cee cens ». 202 Remarks on winds, typhoons, &c., on the south coast of Japan.—By
Commander H. C. St. John, H. M.S. Sylvia,.. cece eee eee 205 On Spirituous Drinks in Ancient India.—By Babi Rajendraldla
ETE in i anaes ba SRR RA YS RE Cam aE Chick iA ee oe 207 Notes on some bats collected by Capt. W. G. Murray, in the N. W.
Himalaya.—By.G, HE. Dobson, ‘B. As, Me: Bes yo 8 oes ~s 208 Lahrarys'.o pases «wae eases IRA a SORE PE Ree ep ine snag OLE
Meteorolopical Observations; Oct. 1872, 000.26 e Va eee ee
Notice to Members and Correspondents.
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Biographical Disviooaty, of Paria a, hee Sneend ‘Baited
~ by Maulawis ’Abdul Haq and ’Abdul Hai. Published 20 Fase., 5 Le 0 Sy a
- The Conquest of Syria, commonly. ascribed to Wagidi ; edited by Py ge pet Cakes ee. Captain W. N. Lees. Complete in Gwo 'V ols Sica Ps ee 5 fi PhO ee: ‘The inj i Akbari, by ‘Abul: Fazl i Allami ; edited by H. ‘Bloch: ae ae is 54 ~ mann, M. A., published 15 Fasc., 4to., at A Aad re eg AS: B- Pre ~The ‘Alamgimnémab, by Muhammad Kézim ibn i ‘ef chelerind Amin . Re eau % eee ~ Munshi; edited by ] Maulawis Khadim Husain. and *Abdulhai, He a : ts a Complete i 017 Wascmab O-10s sath cemens . kien oe a ‘ 4 ae
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