Rea EE Cin hey ale 98 brit an Phy pet AT ‘ ae rt: epee IC Be TREC taser > UI Leet naag Wet bean VF eard sic MRRP USL ADEN Be tue A BD Pr 4 dette. ae Ce wee Streit WBS Bo oa down Views 0 sass 0 DEPART Ma MeL er iNeed pang ns Meewiunteas AW asdcanny Asn DMPO aL TAL PEL DETER eit a4 Cee aes VRAD ET ng PORTS Seer a hia creer ar ial ih Add Peat Maio) ned HALE iy oth OU RLRE Meee Rarer ary hed , VM Nos usd pegtaeaeaty V6-4s hast aatnimealy Weatl> ihadasasy he pity WNT ASR we as. Oren rt Wrobel " Y Peron PU NIAS sei te inseen ty ' ota ater i Coll) suesitedd Oey aes *Wsi04 i alka dy bine HHO CHa heel Ve Meletan ten dig 13) HAAS | ptr lr keg ais, tr WA SAM osaeyy OTT WV ern yy Sean nine . RET ETLAGN shut rte Cent: ht tae yy IF eR Ay ihel May Man reac Het remR Hb iearasdedsait gr WD Feb Nerenr init 41) Panny AME ins. PATA Ge “ (ieee hes bestaraninys Prat ese ay HU Daas eg Feel rae Bie egy Wipkaa Tey SNS ay re 151% dade iy HOLA AN, id y| ee BARU Poa Dieu re ferrat ollie} DM Pa bern. . 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WA y AA f\F Nf AA \ \/ AAAAAA | AAAAAAY \W | AA A BANANA \ VW We | = | AARAA | AK) lant ™ VAA\| ARWAAT AAANAAN \ \ \N\ a fa\ i AR A AAA Vala \) oN if AAAAAA - « = « => 7 ee ~ oral A ( AAA) ahAAAA AAAA ei aa a (\ L\S\ lg A ENR W/ EN aN \ (F i A VAY i [\ FAIA YW y ) | \ | An a | ' | RAY 1g f AAA NANA A | ) Y WwW AV AVN A-ANAS (aN AARAR ala ] \ \ \ V\alaialaialalalalal A \AA! \an\o\ W ARAR W, ZN } if AY AiaiAs \_\.' — TEVA (=~\ lo YEN | lam\(A Von, la aN ae Aaa AA. < < ( G ; rr ee Gs C.. CG ECE G CE x \, Aaa Oh Ww FEB O99 iw an i ot vey . Nees ONAL vuS= a A RACE OF THE MILITARY MACAW FROM SONORA> : BY A. J. VAN ROSSEM anp THE MARQUESS HACHISUKA. Although the Military Macaw is a common species and well known to aviculturists, specimens with authentic data are far from numerous in collections. It is undoubtedly due to this latter fact that the extreme northern race described below has, until now, escaped detection by systematic ornithologists. It is only fair to say that aviculturists have for some years been aware of the situation and it was due entirely to the statements of one of these, our friend Mr. W. J. Sheffler of Los Angeles, that we were led to investigate the matter. We take pleasure in naming the new race as Ara militaris sheffleri, subsp. nov. Type.—Male adult, preparing to breed, 31896 Dickey collection; Guirocoba, southeastern Sonora, Mexico, we 23, 1937; collected he A. J. van Rossem and Robert Hannum. Subspecific characters.—Similar to Ara militarts mexicana Ridgway of southwestern Mexico but tail very much shorter; rump slightly darker and less greenish blue. Range.—Arid Tropical Zone foothills in southeastern Sonora (Guirocoba; Chinobampo; Alamos; Quiriego; Soyopa), extreme southwestern Chihuahua (San Francisco Cafion) and extreme northeastern Sinaloa (San Hranciseo Cafion). Remarks.—In typical mexicana the tail averages very much longer than the wing, whereas in sheffleri it averages slightly shorter. The measure- ments given by Ridgway (Birds of North and Middle America, Part 7, 1916, p. 183, footnote) for mexicana are typical for that race since there were, of course, no northern specimens at his disposal. We have examined what are presumably the same seven individuals (including the type) whose measurements he has recorded. In addition to these we have ex- amined five mexicana in the collection of the Bureau of Biological Survey and five in the British Museum. 6—Proc. Broun. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (13) 14 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Specimens from southern Sinaloa, Nayarit, and western Zacatecas are intermediates which (on the basis of twelve skins) are closer to mexicana. MEASUREMENTS. WING TAIL 5 mexicana from southern Jalisco, Colima, and Mich Oa came) ai 2. SPO heat Are eae ae 360-395 405-430 12 mexicana from southern Sinaloa, Nayarit, and WiAGAtC CAS 2/5.01/2.0 CMe Goel 355-385 365-430 (-shetiert).drenmwsenora, 2) ec) 2k eee 355-375 345-370 fp A oD Vol. 52, pp. 15-16 February 4, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON a etna GE QONIAN INS INST ly. NOTES ON TWO WOODHEWERS ‘OM MEXICO. ‘aun ~~ BY A. J. VAN ROSSEM,\, a. 9 1939 . s af a When looking over the old Swainson collection at Cambridge in June of the present year, the type of Xiphorhynchus flavi- gaster attracted immediate attention because of its extrordi- narily large bill. The authorities at that institution very kindly forwarded this type (among others) to me at the British Museum where there was more than ample comparative material for a proper determination. Asa result, it was found that the type of flavigaster is an extreme example of the race previously known as Xiphorhynchus flavigaster megarhynchus Nelson. It is typical of ““megarhynchus’’ in color and, as above stated, is even larger in size than the average of that race. The measurements are as follows: wing, 110; tail, 92; culmen from base, 47.0; bill from nostril, 37.5; tarsus, 22.5; middle toe minus claw, 18.5. The specimen is a typical Bullock skin and the only one of the species in the Swainson collection. The old tag reads ‘Xi- phorhynchus §./flavigaster Sw./Bullock Mexico.”’ Whether this individual was a straggler to Temascaltepec, or whether Bullock collected it at, or received it from, another locality will probably never be known. At any rate, megar- hynchus of Nelson is a synonym of flavigaster Swainson. The next available name for the race formerly known as flavigaster is Xiphorhynchus flavigaster eburnetrostris ‘Lesson’? (Des Murs) (Icon. Orn., livr. 9, pl. 52, and in synonymy of Dryocopus flavigaster), the type locality of which is Realejo, Nicaragua. I have examined the types (cotypes) of eburneirostris in the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris and find them to be typical representatives of the race in question. 7—Proc. Biou. Soc. Wass., Vou. 52, 1939. (15) aE, —— —— Joe " 16 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Lepidocolaptes souleyetii guerrerensis, subsp. nov. Type.—Adult, sex not recorded, 99.1.6.104 British Museum; Rincon, Guerrero, Mexico, October, 1888; collected by Mrs. H. H. Smith. Subspecific characters.—Similar to Lepidocolaptes souleyetit insignis Nelson of southeastern Mexico and northern Central America but colora- tion paler throughout; upper parts lighter red, particularly on wings and tail and posterior parts of body; underparts grayer as well as paler; size slightly larger. Range.—Known only from the Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero. Remarks.—This is apparently a very uncommon woodhewer for Mrs. Smith secured only two specimens and none of the recent collectors seem to have encountered it at all. Both specimens are in fresh, complete fall plumage. One, an adult male, measures: wing, 103; tail, 93; exposed cul- men, 30; the other (type, sex not recorded) measures: wing, 105; tail, 90; exposed culmen, 34 mm. I agree with Hellmayr that no significant differences are to be found between Guatemalan and Mexican specimens of insignis. Vol. 52, pp. 17-18 February 4, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON “s aoe RT ae "A, “a saQNiAN INST 7 TWO NEW TROPICAL AMERICAN SPEOIES OF MON ACANTHACEAE.! |)» ate BY E. C. LEO \" FEB 91939. %] UG NADAS i > ay , ak yw “f —WOna, Mush sen aan aca The present paper contains descriptions of two new plants of the family Acanthaceae, one a Mendoncia received from the National Herbarium of Venezuela, the other a Mexican Elytra- ria in the herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History. Elytraria macrophylla Leonard, sp. nov. Caulescens, caulibus pilosis; lamina foliorum grandis, obovata, obtusa, basi angustata, pilosa vel supra subglabra; petioli pilosi; pedunculi termin- ales vel subterminales; squamae acuminatae, albo-marginatae, ciliatae; bracteae rhombeo-ovatae, acuminatae, extus glabrae, intus appresso- puberulentae, ciliatae; bracteolae lanceolatae, obliquae, subhyalinae, carina et margine ciliatis; calycis segmenta superiora et inferioria concava, elliptica, obtusiuscula, segmenta lateralia lanceolata, acuminata, marginibus subhyalinis. Stems woody, about 5 mm. in diameter, pilose; leaf blades obovate, up to 30 em. long and 11 cm. wide, obtuse at apex, narrowed at base, pilose or subglabrous above, the hairs up to 1.5 mm. long; petioles about 3 cm. long, white-pilose, the hairs up to 3 mm. long; peduncles several, terminal or subterminal, up to 35 cm. long, the scales ovate, about 7 mm. long, acumi- nate, clasping, glabrous, ciliate, green with white margins; spikes 2 cm. long, about 5 mm. in diameter, the bracts rhombic-ovate, 4.5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, acuminate, ending in a minute spiniform tip, glabrous without, appressed-puberulent within, ciliate, the margins whitish; bractlets lanceolate, 3.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, oblique, subhyaline, the margins and keel ciliate; posterior and anterior calyx segments elliptic, 5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, concave, obtusish, the anterior segment minutely bidentate at apex, the lateral segments lanceolate, 4 mm. long, barely 2 mm. wide, acuminate, the margins subhyaline, all faintly nerved, glabrous, or with a few hairs at tip; corollas and capsules not seen. Type in the herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History, no. ie Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 8—Proc. Brot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (17) 18 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 918960, collected at Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Nov. 27, 1937, by L. A. Kenoyer (no. 856). Readily distinguished from other caulescent species by its greater size, the green subglabrous upper surface of its large leaf blades, and its elliptic, concave, obtusish anterior and posterior calyx segments, these similar to each other except for the bidentate tip of the former. 2 Mendoncia Cardonae Leonard, sp. nov. Frutex volubilis, caulibus subteretibus, sparse et minute strigosis; lamina foliorum ovata ad elliptica, breviter acuminata, saepe mucronata, basi acuta vel rotundata, in petiolum decurrens, minute strigosa; petioli sparse et minute strigosi; pedicelli graciles, minute et sparse strigosi; bracteae oblongo-ovatae, acutae ad obtusae, basi rotundatae, coriaceae, intus glabrae, extus sparse et minute strigosae; corolla angusta; drupa minute strigosa. Scandent; stems subterete, minutely and sparingly strigose; leaf blades ovate to elliptic (sometimes asymmetrical), up to 14 em. long and 6.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt and often mucronate), acute or rounded at base and decurrent on the petiole, sparingly strigose, the hairs above arising from a stellate base; petioles 1-2.5 cm. long, minutely and sparingly strigose; flowers 4 or 5 in the axils of the upper leaves; pedicels about 4 cm. long, slender, minutely and sparingly strigose; bracts oblong- ovate, up to 23 mm. long and 14 mm. wide, acute to obtuse, mucronate, rounded at base, chartaceous, glabrous within, sparingly and minutely strigose without; corolla 3 cm. long, 5 mm. broad at base, narrowed above ovary to 2.5 mm., thence enlarged to 4.5 mm. and slightly narrowed again at throat, the upper half subcylindric, the lobes obovate, 3 mm. long; ovary densely pubescent; drupe 15 mm. long, 10 mm. broad, minutely strigose. Type in the National Herbarium of Venezuela, collected “‘en las lomas arriba del sitio de Guanajafia,” Merevari, Venezuelan Guyana, 420 meters, March 20, 1987, by F. Cardona (no. 19). Pittier’s no. 18517, collected at Aragua, on the trail between El Limén and Colonia Tovar, Venezuela, 1700 meters, May, 1934, is of this species. The present species resembles MM. Sprucez in the size and shape of the leaf blades, in the nature of the pubescence, and in the shape, size, and texture of the bracts, but difiers markedly in its very narrow corolla. In M. Sprucet the corolla is funnelform and about 8 mm. in diameter at throat. The color of the flowers is scarcely apparent in the dried material of the specimens cited, but is probably red or purple. at Pl, ae Vol. 52, pp. 19-22 March 11, 1939 | PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A iN A NEW OWSTONIID FISH FROM D EP WATER OFF THE PHILIPPINES\” MAR 1 9193S BY GEORGE 8. MYERS... “%..~ _ In the course of studies on the Owstoniid fishes in the’ United States National Museum, the following apparently undescribed species was discovered: Sphenanthias pectinifer, new species. Holotype.—U. 8. N. M. 93455, standard length 141 mm., parchment tag 1859, Albatross dredging station 5255, latitude 7° 03’ N., longitude 125° 39’ E., off Dumalag Island, Davao Bay, Mindanao, Philippines, 100 fathoms, May 18, 1908. Description.—Dorsal with 4 soft, slender, unarticulated spines, and 234% articulated rays, the first few of which are unbranched. It is very difficult to determine which soft ray is the first to be branched at its slender, flabby tip, but it is certain that all rays posterior to the middle of the fin are branched. Anal with 2 short, slender, sharp, rather rigid, unarticulated spines, and 161% articulated soft rays, the first four or five of which are unbranched. Caudal with 13 principal rays, all branched; supporting these are 4 unbranched, articulated rays above, and 5 unbranched articu- lated rays below. The most anterior of these supporting rays are very tiny. Pelvics with one rather stout spine; a very elongate, unbranched, soft ray, and 4 branched rays. Pectorals each with 19 articulated rays, the upper two and the lower two unbranched, all the others branched. Fins placed and shaped like those of S. stboge, the pectorals short and rounded, the first soft pelvic ray greatly elongated, and the middle caudal rays greatly produced. Scales very large and thin, rounded apically, roughly squared or convex basally, the apical border faintly to rather strongly crenulated into weak points, the spaces between the points concave. Nucleus a little apicad of center. Basal border crenulated into rounded projections, the intervals between them being the starting points of radial lines which converge toward the nucleus. The apical or visible sector thus has no radii, as shown in Weber’s figure of a scale of S. stbogew. Circuli very fine, especially across the basal radii; they follow the apical crenulations in their course. Lateral line reaching to end of dorsal base, its anterior part reaching the dorsal at the base of the fourth spine. No loop around front of dorsal fin. Longitudinal scales from upper end of gill slit to end of hypural 30. Transverse scales between mid-series of belly and dorsal fin 10, the last 9—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (19) Ao NAN INST eas - ASO RIAt INO] LY ~ 20 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. upper row being the lateral line series. Transverse scales between lateral line series and origin of anal fin 744. Preventral area and front of base of pelvics scaled. Caudal with an elongate, acuminate patch of smaller scales on its basal part. Vertical fins scaleless. Cheek with 7 to 9 scales, the largest at the angle of the preopercle. Opercles with scales, mostly lost: on this specimen. Top of head and maxillary scaleless. : Gill rakers long, setiform, with minute prickles, 18 on upper limb and 27 on lower limb, or 45 in all on first arch. Gills 4, a short slit behind last. Pseudobranchiae well developed. Branchiostegals 6. Gill membranes free from each other and from isthmus. Teeth small, uniserial except towards symphysis of mandible, where they are biserial, the outer row flaring strongly outward. All jaw teeth flaring outward slightly, except ones of inner row near tip of mandible, which curve inward. A short space at mandibular and premaxillary symphyses tooth- less. No teeth on tongue, vomer, palatines, or pterygoids. Mouth nearly vertical. Lower jaw rather shallow, its ramus upraised and deep at posterior end. Upper jaw with a shallow notch at symphysis. Maxillary very broad and flat posteriorly, its end squarely truncated. No spines on opercle. Vertical limb of preopercle smooth. Angle of pre- opercle and its lower edge with a row of 13 or 14 strong spines, projecting downward and forward. Depth 4.7 in standard length, head 5.22. Eye 2.25in head. Interorbital 2.40 in eye. Dorsal origin over upper end of gill slit. Anal origin under base of seventh soft dorsal ray, its end slightly before base of last dorsal ray. Colorless in alcohol except for the “‘Owstoniid mark,” a jet-black, hidden blotch on the membrane connecting the maxillary and premaxillary (see Myers, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 91, no. 23, 1935, p. 2). Measurements in millimeters.—Standard length 141. Total length 234. Depth 30. Head 27. Eye 12. Interorbital 5. Caudal 98. Pectoral 32.5. Least depth caudal peduncle 12. Length caudal peduncle (end dorsal base to first upper supporting ray of caudal) 17. Discussion.—I am not at all sure that the figures and descriptions of Sphenanthias siboge (Weber, Fische der Siboga, 1913, p. 211, pl. 2, fig. 4; Weber and de Beaufort, Fzshes Indo-Austr. Arch., vol. 6, 1931, pp. 114-116, fig. 20) are correct in the representation of articulated versus unarticulated dorsal and anal spines and rays; the total count, at least, is lower than in pectinifer. According to the figures and descriptions, szboge has but a single cheek scale, and the lateral line rises to the dorsal fin at the base of the second spine (rather than the fourth). Dr. de Beaufort has very kindly examined Weber’s types for me. He finds that the holotype has 38 rakers on the entire first arch, and 3 paratypes each 39 (12 on upper limb and 27 on lower). S. pectinifer has 45. The body is more slender and less tapering than that of szboge and various minor proportions differ. Weber figures 15 branched caudal rays, an important difference if the figure is correct.. An example of Sphenanthias teniosoma (Kamohara, Annot. Zool. Japonen., vol. 15, 1935, p. 136) from off Kochi, Tosa, generously sent me by Prof. Kamohara, has 52 rakers (14 + 38) and the lateral line reaches the dorsal between the fourth and fifth spines. This is an exceedingly elongate species, with depth 6.4, head 5.6, and ten or twelve scales on the cheek. een) eer |e Or. Vol. 52, pp. 21-22 March 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Ved NATURAL HISTORY OF PLUMMERSASEAND, NSE ‘ bts } /, Bo MARYLAND. VII. Hepaticaz.' | wf. MAR 1 9 19 39 BY EH. C. LEONARD anp M. E. MIERCE. The present list contains 18 species of hepatics from Sinner Island, Montgomery County, Maryland, and the adjacent “mainland”’ property of the Washington Biologists’ Field Club. Three of them, marked with an asterisk, are known at present only from the mainland. Dr. A. W. Evans of Yale University has assisted in the identification of some specimens. RICCIACEAE. Riccia crystallina L. Muddy shore of river. Riccia fluitans L. “Floating. Rare. Riccia sullivantii Austin. Flood-swept land along channel. Ricciocarpus natans (L.) Corda. Floating in channel near Island shore. One record. REBOULIACEAE. Asterella tenella (L.) Beauv. On rocks; also on soil of abandoned garden on mainland. RICCARDIACEAB. Metzgeria conjugata Lindb. Shaded rocks and cliffs. LOPHOZIACEAE. Lophocolea heterophylla (Schrad.) Dumort. On decayed branches and in soil at base of trees. CEPHALOZIACEAE. *Cephalozia connivens (Dicks.) Lindh. Moist bank. One record. 1The following numbers of this series have been published previously: I (Introduction), Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48 : 115-117. 1935; II (Flowering plants and ferns), op. cit. 118- 134; III (Mosses), op. cit. 135-137; IV (Birds), op. cit. 159-167; V (Fungi), op. cit. 49 : 123- 131. 1936; VI (Reptiles and Amphibians), op. cit. 50:137-139. 1937. 10—Proc. Biot. Soc. Wasg., Vou. 52, 1939. (21) es ats 22 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. PORELLACEAE. Porella pinnata L.' On rocks subject to inundation. Porella platyphylla (L.) Lindb. On tree trunks and logs. LEJEUNEACEABR. Leucolejeunea clypeata (Schwein.) Evans. On rocks. } *Cololejeunea biddlecomiae (Austin) Evans. Rock outcrop. Rare. Frullania asa-grayana Mont. On rocks, rarely on trees. Common. Frullania brittoniae Evans. On tree trunks. One record. Frullania eboracensis Gottsche. On tree trunks. Common. Frullania inflata Gottsche. On rocks and occasionally on red cedar. Common. Frullania squarrosa (Nees) Dumort. On tree trunks. Occasional. ANTHOCEROTACHAE. *Anthoceros laevis L. Grassy field of farmland. One record. Vol. 52, pp. 23-26 March 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON pont ann NATURAL HISTORY OF PLUMME GLAND, INSTR SS Ne MARYLAND. | x VIII. Licuens. Ng MAR 1 9 1939 BY E. C. LEONARD anp E. P. Ue. oa SR NAL MOS The accompanying list of lichens from Plummers Mane on the adjacent property of the Washington Biologists’ Field Club in Montgomery County, Maryland, is based upon the collections in the United States National Herbarium. Much of this material was worked over by Professor Bruce Fink in connection with the preparation of his book, ‘‘The Lichen Flora of the United States,’’ these specimens having been mostly collected by Professor Fink and by Dr. William R. Maxon. The col- lections of the senior author, made more recently, have been studied in part by Mrs. Joyce Hedrick Jones, of the University of Michigan, and in part by Edward C. Berry, of the Missouri Botanical Garden, to whom we are very grateful for the identi- fications. The nomenclature adopted in the present paper is that of Professor Fink, except in Cladonia. Some of the earlier collections of that genus from Plummers Island were reviewed by C. A. Robbins’ and the recent ones have been studied by Dr. A. W. Evans, of Yale University. Their identifications form the basis of the present treatment. There are included here 91 species, with 4 additional varieties and 18 forms. Of these, 4 species are known only from the ‘“mainland”’ property and are indicated by an asterisk. DERMATOCARPACEAE. Dermatocarpon aquaticum (Weis) Zahlbr. Rock outcrop, exposed to high water. Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) Mann. On rocks above water-line. Rare. Var. fulvofuscum (Tuck.) Zahlbr. Rock slope. 1See C. A. Robbins & S. F. Blake, Cladonia in the District of Columbia and vicinity. Rhodora 33: 145-159, pl. 210-212. 1931. 11—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (23) 24 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. PYRENULACEAE. Arthopyrenia alba (Schrad.) Zahlbr. On hickories. Arthopyrenia cerasi (Schrad.) Mass. On young oaks. Arthopyrenia quinqueseptata (Nyl.) Muell. On hickories. Pyrenula nitida (Weig.) Ach. On trees. TRYPETHELIACEAE. Trypethelium virens Tuck. On trees. ARTHONIACHAE. Arthonia dispersa (Schrad.) Nyl. On trees. Arthonia lecideella Nyl. On trees. Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Ach. On trees. Arthothelium spectabile Mass. On trees. GRAPHIDACEAE. Opegrapha varia Pers. On trees; frequent. Opegrapha vulgata Ach. On trees. Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. Common on trees. COLLEMACEAE. Synechoblastus rupestris (Sw.) Trev. On rocks and trees. Occasional. Leptogium pulchellum (Ach.) Nyl. On shaded rocks. Leptogium tremelloides var. azureum (Sw.) Nyl. On shaded rocks and in crevices of rocks. Occasional. PANNARIACEAE. Pannaria leucosticta Tuck. On mossy rocks. Coccocarpia incisa Pers. On shaded rocks. PELTIGERACEAE. Nephroma helveticum Ach. On mossy rocks. Peltigera canina (L.) Willd. Common on soil and mossy rocks. Peltigera horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg. Rock outcrop. Peltigera rufescens (Weis) Humb. On mossy rocks. Peltigera sorediata (Schaer.) Fink. Shaded soil. LECIDEACEAE. Lecidea albocaerulescens (Wulf.) Ach. Rock outcrop. Abundant. Lecidea coarctata (J. E. Sm.) Nyl.? Onrocks. Our specimen doubtfully referred to this by Fink. *Lecidea leucophaea (Floerke) T. Fries. Rock outcrop. Lecidea leucophaeoides Nyl. On rocks. Bacidia atrogrisea (Hepp) Koerb. On trees. Bacidia fuscorubella (Hoffm.) Bausch. On trees. Bacidia rubella (Hofim.) Mass. On trees. *Bacidia schweinitzit (Tuck.) Schneid. On trees. Rhizocarpon albineum (Tuck.) Fink. On shaded rocks. Leonard and Killip—Natural History of Plummers Island. 25 CLADONIACEAE. Cladonia apodocarpa Robbins. Dry soil or rocks. Cladonia bacillaris (Del.) Nyl. On logs. Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Floerke. On shaded rocks. Cladonia chlorophaea (Floerke) Spreng. Rock outcrop and on thin soil. Forma lepidophora (Floerke) Sandst. On rocks. Rare. Forma simplex (Hoffm.) Arn. On damp ground and shaded rocks. Cladonia clavulifera Wain. Thin soil on rocks. Forma nudicaulis Evans. Rock outcrop. Forma pleurocarpa Robbins. Thin soil. Forma subvestita Robbins. In soil. Cladonia coniocraea f. ceratodes (Floerke) Wain. Rock outcrop. Forma truncata (Floerke) Wain. Rock outcrop. Cladonia cristatella Tuck. Soil, and occasionally on trees. Forma beauvoisii (Del.) Wain. Exposed roots of red cedar. Forma vestita Tuck. Rock outcrop. Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad. Thin soil or shaded rocks. Var. pinnata (Floerke) Wain. Rock outcrop. Forma foliolosa (Del.) Wain. On rocks. Forma turgida (Scriba) Sandst. Rock outcrop. Var. racemosa (Hofim.) Floerke. Rock outcrop. Forma squamulifera Sandst. Open rocky slope. Cladonia grayi Merr. Open slopes and rock outcrop. Forma squamulosa Sandst. Rock outcrop. Cladonia impexa Harm. On mossy rocks. Cladonia macilenta f. styracella (Ach.) Wain. Rock outcrop. Cladonia mitrula Tuck. Logs and shaded soil. Common. Forma imbricatula (Nyl.) Wain. Thin soil. Common. Cladonia piedmontensis Merr. Rocky hill. Forma obconica Robbins. On rocks. Forma sqguamulosa Robbins. On rocks. Cladonia pityrea (Floerke) Fries. On logs. Cladonia pleurota (Floerke) Schaer. Among rocks in woods and on rock outcrop. Rare. Forma decorata (Wain.) Evans. Rock outcrop. Var. cerina (Nagel) Th. Fries. Rare. Cladonia pyxidata var. neglecta (Floerke) Mass. On partially shaded rocks. Cladonia subcariosa f. evoluta Wain. Deciduous woods. Cladonia tenuis (Floerke) Harm. Rock outcrop. Forma setigera Sandst. Rock outcrop. Cladonia verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaer. Thin soil. Forma phyllophora (Ehrh.) Flot. On rocks. Rare. ACAROSPORACEAE. Biatorella clavus (Lam. & DC.) T. Fries. On partly exposed rocks. Biatorella simplex (Dav.) Branth & Rostr. On partly exposed rocks. Acarospora cervina (Ach.) Mass. On rocks near water. 26 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. PERTUSARIACEAE. Pertusaria lecoplaca (Ach.) Lam. & DC. On tree. Pertusaria pertusa (.) Tuck. On trees and rocks. LECANORACEAE. Lecanora muralis var. saxicola (Poll.) Tuck. On rocks near water. Lecanora subfusca var. campestris Rabenh. Rock outcrop. - Lecanora varia (Hoffm.) Ach. On tree. Ochrolechia pallescens (L.) Mass. On branches. PARMELIACEAR. Parmelia aurulenta Tuck. On trees and shaded rocks. Parmelia borrert Turn. Rock outcrop. Parmelia caperata (L.) Ach. Rock outcrop and on trees. Parmelia centrifuga (L.) Ach. Rock outcrop. Parmelia cetrata Ach. On red cedar. Parmelia conspersa (Hhrh.) Ach. On rocks. *Parmelia crinita Ach. Rock outcrop. Parmelia perforata (Wulf.) Ach. On red cedar. Parmelia perlata (L.) Ach. On rocks. Parmelia rudecta Ach. On trees and rocks. Parmelia quercina (Willd.) Wain. On rock outcrop and trees. Parmelia sulphurata Nees & Flot. On trees. USNEACEAE. Usnea barbata (.) Wigg. On red cedar. CALOPLACACEHAE. Caloplaca aurantiaca (Lightf.) T. Fries. On rocks near water. Caloplaca modesta (Zahlbr.) Fink. On rocks near water. BUELLIACHEAE. Buellia parasema var. triphragmia (Nyl.) T. Fries. On trees. Buellia spuria (Schaer.) Anzi. On rocks. Rinodina ascociscana Tuck. Rock outcrop. Rinodina biatorina Koerb. On rocks near water. Rinodina oreina (Ach.) Mass. On exposed rocks. Rare. Rinodina sophodes (Ach.) Mass. On rocks and trees. PHYSCIACHAE. Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Hampe. Rock outcrop. Physcia lithotodes Nyl. On trees. Physcia obscura (Ehrh.) Hampe. On rocks. Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl. On trees and rocks. Rare. Physcia teretiuscula (Ach.) Lynge. Rock outcrop. *Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl. On dead wood. Anaptychia aquila (Ach.) Mass. On rocks. Anaptychia speciosa (Wulf.) Mass. On shaded rocks. LEPRARIACEAE. Amphiloma lanuginosum (Hoffm.) Nyl. On wet rocks. LUO AD Vol. 52, pp. 27-28 March 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON eae — gO IAN ING] TWO NEW SPECIES OF PILEA, FRO MEXICO AND BY ELLSWORTH P. KILL a — U.S. National Museum. ~ fe In the course of recent studies of Pilea, of the family Urticaceae, I have found two undescribed species, one from Veracruz, the other from the Province of Chiriqui, Panama. They may be described as follows: Pilea botterii Killip, sp. nov. - Herba, dioica, glaberrima; folia jugi similia, aequalia vel inaequalia, petiolata, elliptico-lanceolata vel anguste oblanceolata, attenuato-acu- minata, ad basin angustata, serrata, trinervia, membranacea, cystolithis minutis, linearibus; inflorescentia o in axillis superioribus, paniculata, dichotoma, pedunculata, perianthio globoso; inflorescentia @ in axillis fere omnibus, sessilis, compacta, petiolo multo brevior. Plant herbaceous, glabrous throughout, the stem repent at base, at length erect, 25 cm. or more high, simple; stipules minute, soon deciduous; leaves of a node similar and subequal, or one somewhat smaller than the other and with a shorter petiole, the petioles slender, 1 to 5 cm. long, the blades elliptic-lanceolate or narrowly oblanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide (smaller), 6 to 15 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. wide (larger), attenuate- acuminate at apex, narrowed to an acute or subauricular base, sharply serrate (teeth strongly ascending) except at the very base, trinerved (lateral nerves extending to apex of blade), membranous, dark green above, usually pale beneath, with much darker nerves and veins, the cystoliths numerous, faint, minute, linear; plants dioecious; staminate inflorescence borne at the upper axils, paniculate, dichotomous, pedunculate, subequaling or exceed- ing the adjacent petioles, the perianth subglobose, nearly 2 mm. in diameter, bearing conspicuous cystoliths toward the apex, the lobes apiculate; pistillate inflorescence borne in most of the axils, the flowers in sessile, compact, subglobose cymes much shorter than the petioles, the perianth segments unequal, the achenes about 0.8 mm. long, smooth. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 59,662, collected at Orizaba, State of Veracruz, Mexico, by M. Botteri (no. 19). 1Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 12—Proc. Brou. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (27) 28° Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Additional specimens examined: Mexico: Without locality, Sessé & Mocifio 4524 (Boissier, Madrid). Coscomatepec, Veracruz, Matuda S-152 (Univ. Michigan). The type was distributed as P. mexicana Wedd., a species based on Linden’s 651, of which a specimen has generously been lent me by the Jardin Botanique, Brussels. From P. mexicana the proposed species differs in having thinner, more prominently toothed leaves, with much longer petioles and different cystoliths. The leaves of P. mexicana, more- over, are noticeably thickened at the margin, and the staminate inflores- cence is much shorter than the petioles. The Sessé and Mociiio specimen at the Boissier Herbarium bears the name Pilea anomala Wedd. var. nov., the varietal name apparently never having been published. The species is only remotely allied to P. anomala, of Bolivia, which is indistinguishable from P. multiflora (Poir.) Wedd. Pilea rugosissima Killip, sp. nov. Herba dioica, caule foliisque dense appresso-strigosis; stipulae magnae, persistentes; folia petiolata, ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, acuminata vel subacuta, serrata, subtriplinervia, rugosissima; flores o in capitulis densis longipedunculatis, perigonii segmentis in parte superiore subulatis. Plant herbaceous, 30 to 100 em. high, the stem densely appressed-strigose with ascending hairs; stipules oblong, 6 to 7 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse, membranous, bearing longitudinally on the outside long, linear cystoliths, persistent; petioles slender, pubescent as the stem, up to 5 em. long, those at a node sometimes very unequal; leaf blades at a node similar and subequal, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 to 6 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 em. wide (the lower pairs smaller than the others and more nearly ovate- orbicular), acuminate at apex, rounded or cordulate at base, sharply serrate, subtriplinerved (lower lateral nerves scarcely more prominent. than the upper nerves and extending only halfway to the apex), strongly rugose, reticulate-veined, dark green above, paler beneath, appressed- strigose between the veins on the upper surface and on the nerves and veins on the under surface; plants dioecious, the staminate inflorescence (only one known) borne in the upper axils, the peduncles slender, 3 to 3.5 em. long, glabrous, the flowers sessile, in a single dense head, the perianth about. 2 mm. in diameter in bud, the segments at length spreading, cucullate, with a long, subulate tip. Type in the herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History, no. 918,555, collected in rain-forest at Bajo Chorro, District of El Boquete, Province of Chiriqui, Panama, altitude about 1,800 meters, Feb. 27, 1938, by M. E. Davidson (no. 335). The nearest relative of this new species is apparently P. fasciata Wedd., endemic to the Chocé region of northwestern Colombia, the shape and texture of the leaves and the indument being very similar. The leaves of P. fasciata are much larger, and their lower lateral nerves extend nearly to the apex of the blade. The leaf serration in P. rugosissima is much more prominent than in its relative. Pzlea fasciata is known only from pistillate plants, so that comparison of the inflorescence of the two is impossible. Ne | an) Vol. 52, pp. 29-32 March 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Mes ahatil TWO NEW POCKET GOPHERS Prost LOWER CALIFORNIA. \* MAR 19 1933 BY E. A. GOLDMAN. XX ha iP). “aye —— ee In reviewing the pocket gophers of southern Lower California I have noted two small series of specimens from the Magdalena Plain, close along the Pacific coast, and one from the low plain near La Paz on the Gulf of California that were referred by me to Thomomys bottae amtae many years ago, but now seem worthy of separation as western and eastern peninsular geographic races. The new forms may be known by the following de- scription: - Thomomys bottae incomptus, subsp. nov. MAGDALENA PLAIN POCKET GOPHER. Type.—From San Jorge, near Pacific coast west of Pozo Grande and about 25 miles southwest of Comondt, southern Lower California, Mexico (altitude 50 feet). No. 140671, & adult, skin and skull, U. S. National Museum (Biological Survey collection), collected by Nelson and Goldman, November 12, 1905. Original number 18546. Distribution.—Magdalena Plain from the type locality south at least to Matancita, near Soledad. Probably ranging farther south over the plains along the Pacific coast. General characters.—Similar in general to Thomomys bottae anitae of low elevations in the vicinity of San José del Cabo, Lower California, but larger; ground color of upper parts paler, near ‘‘pinkish buff’”’ instead of ‘cinna- mon” (Ridgway, 1912); cranial details distinctive. Very similar to and probably intergrading with Thomomys bottae russeolus of the Vizcaino Desert to the north, but decidedly larger and color usually darker. Resem- bling Thomomys magdalenae of Magdalena Island, but smaller; color darker, ears encircled by deep black (ears with only a trace of black in magdalenae) ; skull much smaller, lighter, and differing in detail. Color.—Type (acquiring fresh pelage): Upper parts presenting a some- what patched appearance, the fresh pelage on anterior part of dorsum “pinkish buff’? moderately mixed with and the general tone modified by 18—Proc. Brox. Soc. Wasxu., Vou. 52, 1939, (29) 30 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. black, giving way abruptly to “‘cinnamon-buff” in worn pelage on rump; flanks, forearms, thighs, and under parts pinkish buff; ears encircled with deep black; feet and tail all around white. Skull.—Very similar to that of anztae, but larger and relatively lighter in structure; maxillary arm of zygoma slenderer; auditory bullae usually more inflated, and tending to bulge farther below level of basioccipital; dentition similar but somewhat lighter, the upper incisors slightly more procumbent. Similar to that of russeolus in general features, but decidedly larger. Com- pared with that of magdalenae the skull is smaller, less massive; nasals less wedge-shaped, broader posteriorly; rostrum narrower across base, the premaxillae narrower with outer edges less upturned in front of zygomata; interorbital region less constricted; palatopterygoid processes narrower, lacking the lateral wings present in magdalenae; auditory bullae more swollen, bulging farther below level of basioccipital; upper incisors pro- cumbent, projecting beyond anterior ends of nasals, instead of strongly recurved as in magdalenae. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 247 mm.; tail vertebrae, 79; hind foot, 34. Average of three adult male topotypes: 238 (230-246) ; 81 (75-88); 32.1 (31-34). Average of four adult females from Matancita: 224 (210— 230); 77 (73-82); 31.4 (80-32). Skull (type [o"] and an adult female from Matancita, respectively): Greatest length (occipital condyles to front of incisors), 43.9, 41.1; occipitonasal length, 42.1, 39.9; zygomatic breadth, 27.5, 22.2; width across squamosals (over mastoids), 21.6, 20.6; inter- orbital constriction, 7, 6.2; length of nasals, 14, 13; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 8.5, 8.1; width of upper incisors (cutting edge), 4.7, 4.5. Remarks.—The topotypes of zncomptus present a wide range of individual variation in color, especially the amount of black admixture in the pelage of the upper parts. One in the first pelage of the young is nearly as pallid as in older examples of the smaller subspecies russeolus, and as in the neigh- boring species magdalenae which inhabits dunes of whitish sand on Magda- lena Island. Specimens from Matancita shade toward “cinnamon” in color and in this respect suggest gradation toward anitae; but in cranial characters they are nearer the present form. Specimens examined.—Total number 11, all from Lower California, as follows: Matancita, 6; San Jorge (type locality), 5. Thomomys bottae imitabilis, subsp. nov. LA PAZ POCKET GOPHER. Type.—From La Paz, southern Lower California, Mexico, No. 146839, o' adult, skin and skull, U. 8. National Museum (Biological Survey collec- tion); collected by Nelson and Goldman, February 16, 1906. Original number 19163. : Distribution.—Known only from the type locality. Probably limited to the low, basin-like, desert plain bordering the southern end of La Paz Bay, and forming a gap between the Sierra de la Giganta and the high mountains of the Cape Region of Lower California. General characters.—Closely allied to Thomomys bottae anitae of Santa Goldman—Two New Pocket Gophers. 31 Anita, near San José del Cabo, Lower California, but smaller; color usually duller, less rufescent; skull shorter, with relatively broader rostrum, and differing in other details. Similar to Thomomys bottae incomptus of the Magdalena Plain along the Pacific coast, but smaller; ground color of upper parts usually near ‘‘cinnamon”’ instead of “pinkish buff’’; skull shorter, with relatively broader rostrum, and differing in other details. Similar in size to Thomomys bottae alticola of the upper slopes of the high mountains of the Cape Region, but paler, the upper parts much less extensively mixed with black, and cranial features distinctive. Color.—T ype (pelage somewhat worn): Upper parts from top of head to rump near ‘‘cinnamon”’ (Ridgway, 1912), with scarcely a trace of black- tipped hairs, becoming ‘‘pinkish buff” on flanks, forearms, and thighs; under parts about like flanks; middle of face and muzzle brownish; ears narrowly encircled with black; feet and tail all around whitish. In a specimen in partly fresh pelage hairs with very short black points are admixed on dorsum. In worn specimens the color varies to near tawny. Skull.—Similar to those of anitae and incomptus, but shorter; more evenly convex in upper outline, the frontal region less depressed; rostrum relatively broader; upper incisors more strongly recurved, not projecting anteriorly beyond ends of nasals as usual in anitae and incomptus. Compared with that of alticola the skull agrees closely in general form, but is shorter; rostrum broader; upper incisors narrower, recurved as in altzcola. ‘Measurements.—Type: Total length, 225 mm.; tail vertebrae, 78; hind foot, 30. Two adult male topotypes, respectively, 234, 215; 82, 73; 32, 29. Average of three adult female topotypes: 208 (202-212); 71 (67-74); 28 26-30). Skull (type [o’} and an adult female topotype, respectively) : Greatest length (occipital condyles to end of nasals), 39, 35.7; occipitonasal length, 38.3, 35.7; zygomatic breadth, 24.5, 21.8; width across squamosals (over mastoids), 20.4, 18.5; interorbital constriction, 6.6, 6.4; length of nasals, 12.8, 11.5; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 8.5, 7.5; width of upper incisors (cutting edge), 4.3, 3.7. Remarks.—Thomomys bottae imitabilis differs only slightly from anitae in color, but in cranial details is more like the much darker high mountain neighbor alticola. Its habitat is in a very arid desert region. Specimens examined.—Eleven, all from the type locality. Vol. 52, pp. 33-36 March 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON o—a(\\h A NEW POCKET MOUSE OF ak PEROGNATHUS FROM NE KD BY E. A. GOLDMAN. \\ viet tae be ¢ ~~ — 7 ay VL 4 Woodhouse (Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 6, p. 200, 1852) described Perognathus penicillatus as “procured in the San Francisco Mountain, New Mexico”’ [Arizona] without indicating exactly where the type was taken. He remarks: ““Of the habits of this animal I know but little.”” As the rugged, volcanic mountain would be an unsuitable habitat for a member of this sand-loving species, it has been suggested that the type probably came from the Little Colorado Desert to the north- east. Efforts to obtain additional specimens in the general region have thus far been unsuccessful; but four other species of the genus have been taken in limited numbers, and more thorough field work may still reveal the true habitat of typical penicillatus. i The type was not designated by number and was not entered in the National Museum catalog until April 7, 1857, but seems to have been the specimen referred to by Baird (Mammals of North America, 1857, p. 419). The specimen was formerly mounted with the skull inside, but the skull was removed and cataloged under a separate number, June 4, 1898. The skin is now so faded that the original color can not be determined. In describing the animal Woodhouse (1. c.) says: ‘‘* * * top of head and back dark yellowish brown * * *.’? The measure- ments given by him, especially that of the hind foot, one inch (= 25.5 millimeters), are about the same as those of specimens from Wickenburg and Big Sandy River, which are the nearest of those now available to the type locality, and are currently referred to penicillatus. The skull of the type is rather large 14—Proc. Broun. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (33) wi aN \™ MARI91939 2 34 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. but is equaled by those of the larger individuals assumed to represent the typical form. Pocket mice varying somewhat in color, but deviating little in size or cranial details, inhabit southwestern Arizona and the western side of the Colorado River valley north to extreme southern Nevada. Farther north in the Vegas and Virgin valleys these give way to the hitherto un- recognized geographic race here described. Perognathus penicillatus seorsus, subsp. nov. VIRGIN VALLEY POCKET MOUSE. Type.—From sand flat along Virgin River, 7 miles above Bunkerville, Clark County, Nevada. No. 27598/39697, @ adult, skin and skull, U.S. National Museum (Biological Survey collection); collected by Vernon Bailey, May 9, 1891. Original number 2743. Distribution.—Vegas and Virgin River valleys, Nevada, and doubtless extending up along the Virgin River into extreme northwestern Arizona. General characters.—A large subspecies, closely allied to Perognathus penicillatus penicillatus of Arizona; general size about the same; upper parts more strongly suffused with pinkish buff, less grayish; skull narrower across mastoids and differing in other details. Very similar in color to Perognathus penicillatus angustirostris of the Colorado Desert, and to Perognathus penicillatus stephenst of Death Valley, California, but larger than either— much larger than stephenst; cranial features distinctive. Color.—Type (unworn pelage): Ground color of upper parts in general “pinkish buff”? (Ridgway, 1912), finely and inconspicuously mixed with black; under parts in general, forearms, and feet white, a sharp line of demarcation on cheeks, shoulders, and along sides; ears thinly clothed with short, fine, brownish hairs, a small basal white spot present as usual in the species; tail light brownish above, white below. Color quite uniform in all specimens examined. Skull.—Very similar in size and general form to that of typical penicil- latus, but narrower across mastoids (mastoid width in adult male, 13.5; mastoid width in type of penicillatus, 14.3); maxillary arm of zygoma broader, the lateral wing more strongly developed; upper surface of nasals slightly more depressed between premaxillae; mastoid and auditory bullae smaller. Similar to that of angustirostris, but larger; rostrum broader, the sides less evenly tapering anteriorly, owing to more swollen premaxillae over roots of incisors; maxillary arm of zygoma broader, the lateral wing more strongly developed; mastoid and auditory bullae relatively smaller; upper incisors broader, a character correlated with swelling of premaxillae over roots of these teeth. Compared with that of stephensz the skull differs in much larger size, and otherwise in about the same details as from angustirostris. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 202 mm.; tail vertebrae, 102; hind foot, 26. Two adult topotypes, respectively: 192, 196; 105, 105; 24.5, Goldman—A New Pocket Mouse from Nevada. 35 24.5. Average of 10 adults from Colorado River, near mouth of Vegas Wash, Nevada: 203.6 (186-215); 112 (102-129); 25 (23.5-26). Skull.—(type [o"] and an adult male from Colorado River, near mouth of Vegas Wash, Nevada, respectively): Occipitonasal length, 27.6, 28.1; zygomatic breadth, 14.2, 14.2; mastoid breadth, 13.5, 13.5; length of inter- parietal, 3.2, 3.5; width of interparietal, 7.5, 6.9; interorbital constriction, 6.4, 6.7; length of nasals, 11.1, 11.3; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 4, 4.3. Remarks.—The present form is distinguished from subspecies penicillatus as now understood, by a combination of rather slight but fairly constant characters. The species as a whole favors sandy or soft alluvial soils along stream bottoms, and it is, therefore, not surprising that a single form should range across the lower part of the Colorado River Valley, where shifting river channels may transfer colonies from either side to the other. Specimens examined.—Total number, 39, all from Nevada, as follows: Colorado River (near mouth of Vegas Wash), 23 (7 skulls only); Vegas Valley, 13; Virgin River, 7 miles above Bunkerville (type locality), 3. CO / Vol. 52, pp. 37-40 March 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Dee ietemiree ee Pg SRE ae hee iy a mn, 5, we Cyt Ay NOT Py ge abe 7 A NEW RED-BACKED MOUSE FROM KENTUCKY AND tv Be: VIRGINIA. \* MAR 19 1935 BY REMINGTON KELLOGG). G %, a oe =e lt S 9 ‘ Mee, VA ¥ ia erat genre VTE The identification of mammals secured during the past tw: years in Tennessee and Kentucky by field parties from the United States National Museum has resulted in the recognition of a new geographic race of the red-backed mouse. This form may be known as: Clethrionomys gapperi maurus, subsp. nov. Type specimen.— 2 adult, skin and skull, no. 267826, U. 8S. National Museum; Black Mountains, 414 miles southeast of Lynch, altitude 4100 feet, Harlan County, Kentucky; collected by Watson M. Perrygo and J. Cole; June 23, 1938; original number 705. Range.—From Black Mountains, Harlan County, Kentucky, eastward to Big Stone Gap, Cumberland Mountains, Wise County, Virginia, and northward along Walker Mountains at least to Mountain Lake, Giles County, Virginia. General characters.—Similar in size to Clethrionomys gapperi carolinensis of eastern Tennessee, but pelage noticeably darker, dorsal stripe Mars brown and more perceptibly overlain with black-tipped hairs; sides duller and darker; and tail less distinctly bicolor. Somewhat larger than Clethrio- nomys gappert gappert and decidedly darker, the upperparts lacking the rich ochraceous wash of the latter. Color.—Summer pelage: Mass effect of upperparts rich Mars brown (Ridgway, 1912), the broad dorsal stripe extending from top of head to base of tail being noticeably darkened by numerous black-tipped hairs; sides of face and body dull buffy, the individual light colored hairs ranging from buff to light ochraceous buff; underparts grayish white washed by buff; feet silvery cinnamon drab; tail unicolored or indistinctly bicolored, thickly haired, with upper surface and pencil black, and with under surface on occasional specimens having a frosted appearance owing to lighter tips of dark hairs. Young.—When half grown, similar to adults, but mass effect of upper- parts is duller and the coloration of the sides is darker, 15—Proc, Bron, Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939, (37) ad 38 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Skull.—About like that of Clethrionomys gapperi carolinensis in size, general form, and length of cheek tooth row, but with zygomatic arches less widely spreading anteriorly. Similar to skull of Clethrionomys gapperi gappert, but somewhat larger and with bullae more noticeably inflated. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 172; tail, 39; hind foot, 20. Skull. condylobasal length, 26.3; rostral length, 7.2; rostral breadth, 4.6; inter- orbital breadth, 4.4; zygomatic breadth, 14.7; incisive foramina, 5.2; height of skull at bullae, 9.5; and alveolar length of cheek teeth row, 5.9. Average of 6 adult female topotypes, including type: Total length, 153.8 (147-172); tail, 37.8 (86-41); hind foot, 19.5 (19-20). Skull, condylobasal length, 24.8 (24.1-26.3); rostral length, 6.8 (6.4-7.2); rostral breadth, 4.6 (4.5-4.8); interorbital breadth, 4.2 (44.4); zygomatic breadth, 14.1 (13.5— 14.7); length incisive foramina, 4.7 (4.4-5.2); height of skull at bullae, 9.4 (9.2-9.6); and alveolar length of cheek tooth row, 5.4 (5-5.9). Of 2 adult male topotypes, respectively: Total length, 155, 146; tail, 42, 35; hind foot, 20, 19. Skull, condylobasal length, —, 25.2; rostral length, 7, 7.2; rostral breadth, 4.9, 4.5; interorbital breadth, 4, 4.3; zygomatic breadth, 14.4, 13.8; length incisive foramina, 5, 5; height of skull at bullae, —, 9.5; and alveolar length of cheek tooth row, 5.3, 5.3. Remarks.—This race is distinguished from other forms of Clethrionomys gapperi by the darker coloration of the upperpartsand by the duller buff color of the sides. Six specimens of Clethrionomys gapperi carolinensis from 6000 to 6300 feet altitude on Roan Mountain, Carter County, Tennessee, which were taken during September, 1937, by W. M. Perrygo and H. Schaefer, are darker than the average, but are readily distinguishable from the new race. The darker coloration of these Roan Mountain specimens indicates, however, that intergradation between the two races may be expected to occur in the southern Allegheny Mountains along the northeastern border of Tennessee. One specimen (No. 267836, U. S. N. M.) in the series from the Black Mountains approaches the above mentioned specimens of carolinensis in general coloration of the upperparts and in the presence of a lighter colored dorsal stripe. The specimens allocated to the new race maurus have a pelage coloration that is quite unlike the color phase represented by the dark backed speci- mens of Clethrionomys gapperz, which J. A. Allen (1894, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, p. 103) named Evotomys fuscodorsalis or which G. S. Miller, Jr. (1897, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 28, p. 16) referred to as the “‘brown phase” and V. Bailey (1897, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, p. 123) called the “gray animal.”’ A series of 51 gapperz collected by Miller during the months of August, September and October in Ontario on the north shore of Lake Superior comprised 46 in the red phase and 5 ' in the brown phase. Miller concluded that gapperi assumes these dichro- matic pelages “independently of age, sex, or season.”’ These specimens from Ontario, New Brunswick, and elsewhere in British America are not, however, grayish, but are characterized by the replacement of the usual russet dorsal stripe by a sharply defined blackish brown [1] (Ridgway, 1912) stripe which is strongly contrasted with the lighter sides of the body, the light colored hairs being nearer either cream buff or yellowish olive. Kellogg—A New Red-backed Mouse. 39 Most of the specimens obtained by Perrygo and Cole in the Black Mountains were taken in large size Schuyler traps nailed to the trunks of spruce trees 5 or 6 feet above the ground. These traps were set for flying squirrels and were baited with bird bodies. The others were taken in runways in moss growing among rocks and the roots of spruce trees. Three specimens were trapped by Arthur H. Howell on July 28-29, 1908, in damp shady ravines among rocks and fallen timber on the slope of the gap in the Cumberland Mountains about a mile west of Big Stone Gap. These mice were partially devoured by other animals while caught in the traps. A male belonging to the Mountain Lake Biological Station of the University of Virginia, which was submitted for identification by Maurice Brooks, was trapped among rocks at the north end of the lake. Specimens examined.—Fifteen, from the following localities: Kentucky— Harlan County, Black Mountains, 414 miles southeast of Lynch, altitude ‘4000 to 4100 feet, 11. Virginia—Wise County, Big Stone Gap, altitude 1800 to 2000 feet, 3; Giles County, Mountain Lake, altitude 4000 feet, 1. Lega oe) ie eee Vol. 52, pp. 41-56 March 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS a cestnhiname ee BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON =n if “ \ zn MAR I ) 193% X& : Poog ‘ ~S VAL MUSES OF THE an ge A SYNOPSIS OF PHILIPPINE LAND MOLLUSKS OF THE SUBGENERA LAMARCKIELLA AND PARARYSSOTA OF THE GENUS RYSSOTA. BY PAUL BARTSCH;! Curator of Mollusks and Cenozoic Invertebrates, U. S. National Museum. In 1932 I transmitted a fully illustrated manuscript on the genus Ryssota to the United States National Museum for publication. Shortness of funds has made it impossible to have this issued to date. Last year I published a synopsis of the subgenus Ryssota in these Proceedings, and I am now giving the same treatment to the other two subgenera, namely, Lamarckiella and Pararyssota. I am practically compelled to do this, in spite of my antipathy to publish such an abbreviated treatise, by the fact that we have many calls for determination of these species, and it seems unsatisfactory to give out manuscript names or merely the statement that a new species or subspecies is represented. To give, therefore, the names in question a status I am resorting to this method. Key TO THE SUBGENERA OF THE GENUS [yssota. Aperture produced at the peripheral angle. Upper surface of last whorls not granulose._......-- Ryssota - Upper surface of last whorls granulose......-.- Lamarckiella Aperture not produced at the peripheral angle... Pararysotia Subgenus LAMARCKIELLA. Lamarckiella was proposed by von Mollendorff in 1898 in the Abhand- lungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Gérlitz, volume 22, page 66, for Ryssota, whose nuclear whorls are axially wrinkled and the sculpture of whose postnuclear whorls is axially wrinkled and marked by axial and 1Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 16—Proc. Bron. Soc. WasH., VOL. 52, 1939. (41) 42 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. spirally incised lines, which renders the upper surface granulose, and whose periphery is sharply angulated. He mentions Rhysota lamarckiana as type. Key To THE SPECIES OF THE SuBGENUS Lamarckiella. Shell very rough. Peri heriyaro urs Gea es ON a ea Ors ae A eae oe _....-.-balerana Periphery not rounded. Periphery angulated. sk hot. bee) ie ek eae ee ye oteae eee nigrescens Shell not rough. Periphery weakly angulated. Upper surface of last whorl chestnut brown................--....--.-.- hepatica Upper surface of last whorl not chestnut brown. Upper surface of last whorl pale brown...............-..-....-- Negrosensis Upper surface of last whorl not pale brown. Upper surface of last whorl horn-colored...............-...-...--.---- bulla Periphery not weakly angulated. Periphery carinated. Upper surface of last whorl fulgurated. Outer and basal lips strongly inpinched, strongly con- tracting, the apertures. ee EE ee sempert Outer and basal lips not strongly inpinched, not strongly COON AIT HEKGT NALA TH ONS CN OLS UU ee zeus Upper surface of last whorl not fulgurated. Upper surface of last whorl marbled... deveyrai Upper surface of last whorl not marbled. Upper surface of last whorl malleated_............. carinata Upper surface of last whorl not malleated. Axial sculpture of last whorl very strong... owentana Axial sculpture of last whorl not strong... lamarckiana Ryssota (Lamarckiella) balerana, new species. Shell very large, helicoid. Upper surface chestnut brown, excepting a narrow zone immediately anterior to the periphery. The base is pale horn-colored with a broad, superperipheral band which slowly fades to the rest of the basal coloration anteriorly. Aperture bluish white within, with a livid tint. Nuclear whorls 2.2; the first 1.2 marked by low, flattened, distantly spaced, retractively slanting, axial ribs; the rest by closely spaced, somewhat wavy, retractively slanting, axial riblets and numerous, spiral striations. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, marked by rather regular, retractively slanting, axial riblets, and rather regular, incised, spiral lines, the latter cutting the riblets into tubercles and giving to the surface of the whorls a granulose appearance. In addition to this there are, on the last whorl, rather feeble, oblique, scattered wrinkles. Periphery of the last whorl obsoletely angulated. Base well rounded, marked by the feeble continuations of the axial riblets, numerous spiral striations and fine oblique wrinkles which give, particularly to the posterior half of the base, a de- cidedly scratched-up appearance. Umbilical area slightly impressed. Bartsch—A Synopsis of the Philippine Land Mollusks. 43 Aperture large; peristome reinforced by a slight callus; outer lip decidedly protracted between the summit and periphery and somewhat inbent, and retracted from the periphery basally; the basal lip is almost straight; columella expanded and reflected as a broad callus which almost covers the umbilicus; parietal wall covered with a moderately thick callus. _ The type, U. 8. N. M. No. 311543, was collected by Quadras at Sitio Semento, Baler, Luzon. It has 4.8 whorls and measures: Height 35.2 mm.; greater diameter 64.4 mm.; lesser diameter 39.1 mm. RYSSOTA (LAMARCKIELLA) NIGRESCENS Méllendorff. Shell depressed-helicoid. The upper surface of the early whorls is chest- nut brown, while that of the rest of the turns is paler. The basal portion is of a decidedly darker shade of chestnut brown. The first one and one-half nuclear turns flat, marked by strong, low, flat, broad, distantly spaced, retractively curved ribs only; the rest of the nuclear whorls are marked by closely spaced, irregular, somewhat wavy, retractively curved, sometimes anastomizing axial riblets, and numerous, strongly incised spiral lines, which render this portion of the nuclear turns finely granulous. Postnuclear whorls moderately rounded, marked by rather rough, irregularly developed, retractively curved, wrinkle-like axial riblets, and irregularly developed and irregularly spaced, incised spiral lines, the latter rendering the axial riblets interrupted, which gives to the upper surface of the whorls a somewhat granulose appearance, the long axis of the granules coinciding with the axial sculpture. In addition to this, there are irregularly developed and spaced, oblique wrinkles which increase the rough aspect of the shell. Periphery of the last whorl strongly angulated. The area immediately above and below the peripheral angle slightly inpinched. The rough sculpture described above extends upon the periphery. Base strongly rounded, slightly inflated, sometimes with an open umbilicus, while at others, in the same subspecies, this is closed by a callus. The sculpture of the base consists of poorly developed, obsolete, axial riblets and incised spiral lines of irregular strength and spacing, and numerous, oblique wrinkles, the combination lending the base a roughish appearance. Aperture large, oval; outer lip usually decend- ing at the aperture, somewhat sinuous between the periphery and the summit, and slightly protracted in this region; from the periphery basally the outer lip is somewhat retracted; inner lip slightly curved; columella short and reflected over the umbilical area as a whitish callus; parietal wall covered with a thin callus; peritreme slightly thickened with a thin callus; interior of aperture bluish white. This species is a high mountain form, members of which occur in the Provinces of Rizal and Bulacan. I am recognizing three subspecies. Key To THE SUBSPECIES OF Ryssota (Lamarckiella) nigrescens Mollendorff. Greater diameter more than 65 mm...__.-..222220-e sees eee eee balacbacana Greater diameter less than 65 mm. PED MMbLaCE Ve Ty TOME saci eh yk ul ee kel nigrescens Upper surface not very rough. Upper surface only moderately rough. ......------:--cees-re-corsene mollendor ffi 44. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) nigrescens balacbacana, new subspecies. This race comes from Mount Balacbac, Luzon. The type, U. S. N. M. No. 382955, has 4.7 whorls and measures: Height 36.2 mm.; greater diameter 66.8 mm.; lesser diameter 51.6 mm. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) nigrescens nigrescens Méllendorff. This subspecies comes from the region of Morong, Luzon. A topotype, U.S. N. M. No. 184628, collected by von Mollendorff, has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height 28.2 mm.; greater diameter 58.0 mm.; lesser diameter 43.5 mm. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) nigrescens mollendorffi, new subspecies. This race occupies the region about Montalban, Luzon. The type, U.S. N. M. No. 195667, has 4.7 whorls and measures: Height 34.8 mm.; greater diameter 63.4 mm.; lesser diameter 49.3 mm. RYSSOTA (LAMARCKITELLA) HEPATICA Reeve. Shell helicoid. Upper surface pale chocolate brown. There is a narrow pale band at the angulated periphery, and a broad band of dark chocolate brown immediately anterior to this which gradually fades to the greenish horn-colored tint on the rest of the base. Interior of aperture livid, slightly paler toward the edge than within. Nuclear whorls 2.1; the first flattened, the rest slightly rounded. The first 1.5 turns are marked by rather distantly spaced, low, retractively slanting, axial riblets; the rest by numerous, closely spaced, retractively slanting, axial riblets and numerous, incised, spiral lines. The postnuclear whorls are moderately well rounded and marked by rather irregular and irregularly spaced, retractively slanting, axial riblets, and numerous, more or less regularly spaced, spiral lirations, the junction of these with the axial riblets, particularly the more slender ones, forming narrowly elongated tubercles, the long axis of which coincide with the axial sculpture. Periphery of the last whorl angulated. Base slightly inflated, well rounded, marked by the feeble continuations of the axial riblets, and a few, rather distantly spaced, spiral striations on the umbilical half, and numerous, very closely spaced, microscopic spiral striations. Umbilical area moderately impressed. Aperture large, oblique; the outer lip slightly protracted between the summit and the periphery and retracted from the periphery basally; the inner lip slightly sigmoid; colu- mella short, broadly expanded, reflected over and covering half of the umbilicus; parietal wall covered with a thin callus. _ Two specimens, U. 8. N. M. No. 116574, topotypes or cotypes, were collected by Mr. Hugh Cuming at Bolinao, Pangasinan, Luzon. The one described has 4.8 whorls and measures: Height 26.1 mm.; greater diameter 46.3 mm.; lesser diameter 36.4 mm. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) negrosensis, new species. Shell of medium size, depressed-helicoid, very thin, translucent; all but the last whorl pale chestnut brown, the latter pale brownish, In the typical Bartsch—A Synopsis of the Philippine Land Mollusks. 45 species there is a narrow, light zone immediately posterior to the periphery. The base is marked by a narrow chestnut brown zone immediately anterior to the periphery. The rest of the base is either pale brown, corresponding in tone with the upper surface of the last whorl, or tending toward horn- colored on the last half of the turn. Interior of aperture pale brown, show- ing the light and dark zones at the periphery. Nuclear whorls a little more than 2, well rounded; the first with a few irregular, distantly spaced, retractively slanting wrinkles; the rest with closely spaced, slender, retrac- tively slanting, axial threads which are crossed by numerous, spiral lirations, the combination forming a granular surface. Postnuclear whorls slightly rounded, marked by rather irregularly developed and distributed and poorly differentiated, retractively slanting, axial threads, as well as numerous, — very slender, closely spaced, wavy, spiral lirations. The combination of these with the finer axial sculpture produces a finely granulose appearance. Periphery of the last whorl weakly angulated. Base well rounded, but hardly inflated, marked by the continuations of the axial riblets and numer- ous, microscopic, spiral striations. There are also a few wrinkles near the umbilical area. Aperture large, oblique; peristome slightly reinforced at the edge; outer lip protracted between the summit and the periphery and retracted from the periphery basally; inner lip slightly curved; columella short, expanded and reflected as a brownish callus over the umbilicus, half of which it covers; parietal wall covered by a moderately thick callus. This species is nearest related to Ryssota (Lamarckiella) bulla, but differs from it in being much less inflated, larger, and of entirely different color. The species is known only from the Islands of Negros and Panay at the present time. Key TO THE SupsPEcIES or Ryssota (Lamarckiella) negrosensis. Narrow white zone posterior to chestnut subperipheral band JOA E54 AN este RS I MR ice ene MA UNS tees NR NEGrOSENSIS Narrow white zone posterior to chestnut subperipheral band ab- STEASN N a AUS AA Oe MY Bon M8 Oo ER ae Ye eR megregori Ryssota (Lamarckiella) negrosensis negrosensis, new subspecies. This race comes from Negros Island. The type, U.S. N. M. No. 219306, has 4.0 whorls and measures: Height 20.2 mm.; greater diameter 35.7 mm.; lesser diameter 26.8 mm. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) negrosensis mcgregori, new subspecies. This subspecies comes from the Island of Panay. The type, U.S. N. M. No. 311533, has 4.0 whorls and measures: Height 22.3 mm.; greater diameter 40.2 mm.; lesser diameter 30.6 mm. RYSSOTA (LAMARCKIELLA) BULLA Pfeiffer. Shell small, helicoid. The early whorls pale brown, the rest straw- colored. The base is of about the same color as the last whorl on the spire. There is a narrow, deep, chestnut brown zone immediately anterior to the 46 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. periphery. Interior of aperture flesh-colored with a purplish tinge, showing the peripheral band. Nuclear whorls 2.3 to 2.5; the first 1.3 marked by a few, rather distantly spaced, low, broad, retractively slanting ribs; the rest with numerous, closely spaced, retractively slanting, axial riblets and well developed spiral striations. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, marked by rather irregularly developed and irregularly spaced, retractively slanting riblets and numerous, slender, spiral lirations, the intersection of which with the fine axial threads form tubercles. The last whorl has, in addition to this sculpture, a few oblique wrinkles which give to it a slightly malleated impression. Periphery of the last whorl angulated. Base strongly inflated and well rounded, marked by the continuations of the axial riblets, rather distantly spaced, spiral striations and oblique scratches. Umbilicus narrow and open. Aperture large, rather flaring; peritreme reinforced at the edge; outer lip protracted between the summit and periphery and retracted from the periphery basally; inner lip slightly curved, decidedly expanded at its insertion and reflected to cover about half the umbilicus; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. Key TO THE SUBSPECIES OF Ryssota (Lamarckiella) bulla Pfeiffer. Inconspicuous arrow marks present... salcedot Inconspicuous arrow marks absent. Upper surface of last whorl rather roughly malleated_....__. steerer Upper surface of last whorl not roughly malleated.._.... =. bulla Ryssota (Lamarckiella) bulla salcedoi, new subspecies. This race comes from La Union, Luzon. The type, U. S. N. M. No. 311567, has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height 20.0 mm.; greater diameter 34.5 mm.; lesser diameter 26.8 mm. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) bulla steerei, new subspecies. This race comes from the Island of Cebu. The type, U. S. N. M. No. 309325, has 4.0 whorls and measures: Height 22.0 mm.; greater diameter 35.1 mm.; lesser diameter 27.0 mm. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) bulla bulla Pfeiffer. This race comes from the Albay Province, Luzon. A cotype, U.S. N. M. No. 116579, has 4.1 whorls and measures: Height 19.7 mm.; greater diameter 33.8 mm.; lesser diameter 26.1 mm. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) semperi, new species. Shell small, helicoid. Nuclear whorls chestnut brown. The early postnuclear whorls chestnut brown streaked with retractively curved lines of greenish yellow. These lines on the last whorl and a half become very irregular and send out lateral zigzag markings, giving to the upper surface of the shell a decidedly fulgurated appearance. On the last whorl the brown basal color and the paler areas are of equal extent. The base with a broad, subperipheral zone of brown, the anterior half being brownish horn-colored. Bartsch—A Synopsis of the Philippine Land Mollusks.. 47 In addition to this, the zigzag markings described for the spire extend over the posterior half, sometimes more, of the base. The peristome is white. Interior of aperture pale brown with a purplish tinge, showing the external markings within. Nuclear whorls 2.7, well rounded, the first 1.5 marked by rather broad, low, retractively slanting, axial ribs, the rest by numerous, closely spaced, wavy, axial riblets which are crossed by numerous, slender, spiral lirations that render the surface finely granulose. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, marked by rather irregular and irregularly developed, retractively slanting, axial riblets and numerous, rather closely spaced, fine, spiral lirations, the latter forming in junction with the axial riblets fine granules, the long axis of which is parallel with the spiral sculpture. In addition to this sculpture, the last whorl has a few, oblique wrinkles which give to it a somewhat malleated appearance. Periphery of the last whorl angulated. Base depressed, well rounded, marked by the continua- tions of the axial riblets, rather distantly spaced, spiral striations, and numerous, rather strong, oblique wrinkles, the latter rendering the base decidedly rough, particularly on the posterior half. Umbilical area but shallowly impressed. Aperture broadly oval with the peristome slightly reinforced with a callus. The last portion of the outer lip descends below the periphery of the preceding whorl and is protracted between the summit and the periphery, and decidedly inbent. From the periphery basally it is slightly retracted and strongly rounded; inner lip evenly curved and in- pinched. This brings the inner lip and the outer lip between the summit and the periphery into almost parallel lines. Columella short, expanded and reflected over the umbilicus, which it completely covers; parietal wall closed with a thin callus. The type, U.S. N. M. No. 311545, comes from Badajos, Tablas. It has 4.6 whorls and measures: Height 24.5 mm.; greater diameter 41.7 mm.; lesser diameter 33.2 mm. ; RYSSOTA (LAMARCKIELLA) ZEUS Jonas. Shell large, depressed-helicoid, with the early whorls chestnut brown and sometimes the entire upper surface of that coloration. As a rule, the last whorl is horn-colored. The last whorl, or whorl and a half, or even a little more, are marked with numerous, zigzag, or fulgurated bands. In some of the forms these occupy more space than the darker ground color. These fulgurations also sometimes extend over at least the posterior half of the base. The base is marked by a broad, subperipheral, dark zone followed by a lighter area which may be horn-colored or horn-colored with an olivaceous tint, or even with a brownish tint. Peristome yellowish white. Interior of aperture bluish with the dark and light external colorations showing through and giving the interior a marbled effect. Nuclear whorls well rounded, the first marked by a few, broad, low, crowded, wavy, retractively slanting, axial threads and numerous, fine, spiral lirations. Postnuclear whorls moderately rounded. In some of the forms the last whorl becomes almost flattened near the aperture between the summit and the periphery, marked by retractively slanting, irregularly developed and distributed axial riblets 48 . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. and numerous, spiral lirations which are of varying strength on the last turn. These lirations in crossing the riblets form slender nodules which are not quite as well expressed, as a rule, on the last turn as they are on the preceding whorl. In addition to this, the last whorl usually has rather strong, oblique wrinkles which give it a somewhat malleated appearance. Periphery strongly carinated. Base well rounded, but not inflated, marked by the feeble continuations of the axial sculpture, numerous, spiral lirations and oblique wrinkles. The spiral lirations and the oblique wrinkles vary in strength in the different forms, but regardless of their strength they render the base, particularly on the posterior half, decidedly scratched-up in appearance. Umbilical area moderately impressed. Aperture very oblique, large; the peristome is usually thickened at the edge; the outer lip is pro- tracted from the summit to the periphery and rather strongly inbent; basal lip retractively curved from the periphery anteriorly; inner lip evenly curved; columella expanded and reflected over the umbilicus, which it almost covers; parietal wall covered with a thin callus. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) zeus was described by Jonas as having been collected by Cuming on the Island of Mindoro. Subsequent collectors have visited various parts of the island until we consider it fairly well explored, but none of these have found this shell on Mindoro Island. It is therefore more than likely that a transposition of labels took place and that the type lot came from Tablas. Mdllendorff states, or holds the same contention, and suggests that the fact that during Cuming’s days Tablas, Romblon and Sibuyan formed part of the Province of Mindoro that this locality label ‘“Mindoro”’ may have been attached to the shells in question. As far as known at the present time, Ryssota (Lamarckiella) zeus is restricted to this group of islands and we now recognize four subspecies, one from Tablas, one from Romblon and two from the Island of Sibuyan. One of these comes from the much visited locality of San Fernando, on the south- west coast of the island, while the other one comes from Cambulayan, which is on the east shore. The island being an exceedingly mountainous one, there are undoubtedly decidedly different climatic factors in these two localities, the extremely dark race having been developed on the east side and the paler on the west. Key TO THE SUBSPECIES OF Ryssota (Lamarckiella) zeus Jonas. Dark chestnut coloration of spire predominating over the yellow. Spirallirations of base coarse 2 0 0 te a bournst Spiralilirs tens (of ibase, fine ek 1 eee. webert Dark chestnut coloration of spire not predominating over the yellow. Spiral hirations of base coarse Wie. 0) ce ah ae oS even zeus Spiralilirations ofsbase fines W208 i VC subglobosa Ryssota (Lamarckiella) zeus bournsi, new subspecies. This race comes from the Island of Romblon. The type, U.S. N. M. No. 311549, has 4.6 whorls and measures: Height 31.3 mm.; greater diameter 58.9 mm; lesser diameter 43.2 mm. Bartsch—A Synopsis of the Philippine Land Mollusks. 49 Ryssota (Lamarckiella) zeus weberi, new subspecies. This race comes from the region of Cambulayan, Sibuyan. The type, U.S. N. M. No. 311551, has 4.6 whorls and measures: Height 29.8 mm.; greater diameter 58.5 mm.; lesser diameter 43.4 mm. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) zeus zeus Jonas. This subspecies comes from the Island of Tablas. The specimen de- scribed, U.S. N. M. No. 311547, has 4.8 whorls and measures: Height 33.3 mm.; greater diameter 61.3 mm.; lesser diameter 44.8 mm. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) zeus subglobosa Mollendorff. This race comes from the Island of Sibuyan, from the region of San Fernando. A topotype, U.S. N. M. No. 311553, has 4.7 whorls and meas- ures: Height 30.6 mm.; greater diameter 51.0 mm.; lesser diameter 39.1 mm. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) deveyrai, new species. Shell large, moderately elevated, rather strong. Nuclear whorls and the first postnuclear turn chestnut brown. The next half whorl is marked with somewhat numerous, lighter, zigzag lines on a chestnut brown background. On the succeeding turns these lighter lines become less irregular and more evenly retractively slanting, though while they still show flammulations, there is nevertheless a tendency toward a development into retractively slanting, varicial streaks. Base with a very narrow, light zone immediately anterior to the periphery, followed by a moderately broad, blackish brown band. The rest of the base is horn-colored with an olivaceous tinge, streaked at irregular intervals with varicial bands of pale brown. Nuclear whorls 2.3; the first 1.3 marked by rather low, distantly spaced, retractively slanting, axial riblets; the rest of the nuclear whorls strongly rounded, marked by rather closely spaced, retractively slanting, axial threads, and numerous, very closely spaced, spiral lirations, giving to the surface of this portion a finely granular appearance. Postnuclear whorls well rounded, marked by irregularly developed and irregularly spaced, retractively slanting, axial riblets, and numerous, closely spaced, spiral lirations. These are of the same strength and spacing as those on the terminal portion of the nuclear spire. The combination of the finer axial riblets and the spiral sculpture produces a granular surface. On the last whorl there are, in addition to this, a few irregular oblique wrinkles which give it a slightly malleated appearance. Periphery carinated. Base very weakly rounded, marked by the feeble continuations of the axial sculpture and numerous, rather well incised, spiral lines which are a little more closely spaced near the umbilicus than they are toward the periphery. There is scarcely any indication of malleation here, but the axial riblets and the finer spiral sculpture produce a granular surface, which is particularly well developed on the posterior portion of the base. The umbilical area is moderately impressed. Aperture rather large, very oblique; peristome very slightly thickened at the edge; outer lip strongly protracted between the summit 50 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. and the periphery and slightly inbent, being retracted from the periphery basally; inner lip evenly curved; columella expanded and reflected over the umbilicus, which it almost covers; parietal wall glazed with a thin callus. The type, U. 8S. N. M. No. 310067, comes from the Island of Burias, without specific designation of locality. It has 5.1 whorls and measures: Height 31.1 mm.; greater diameter 55.4 mm.; lesser diameter 43.4 mm. . RYSSOTA (LAMARCKIELLA) CARINATA Moéllendorff. Shell helicoid, varying in thickness from very thin to rather strong. The early whorls may be pale chestnut or chestnut in color, and the last turn may be pale brown or horn-colored. There is also a narrow, lighter zone than the general tone, a little posterior to the periphery and a brown zone, which varies in width in the various races, immediately anterior to the periphery. The rest of the base may be horn-colored or olivaceous horn- colored. All the forms have arrow marks. Sometimes the arrow marks are of brown; in some of the forms they are very conspicuous, while in others they are less apparent. The interior of aperture may be bluish white or purplish brown. The first nuclear turn is marked by low, rather broad, distantly spaced, retractively slanting, axial riblets. The rest of the nuclear whorls are marked by numerous, closely spaced, somewhat wavy, retractively slanting, axial riblets and very many closely spaced, spiral threads. The postnuclear whorls are marked by retractively slanting: axial riblets which vary in strength and spacing in the different races, and numerous spiral threads. The intersection of the axial and spiral sculpture forms granules which give to the entire surface a granulose appearance, even that of the last whorl. Periphery angulated. Base varying from slightly inflated to strongly inflated in the different races, always shining, marked by the continuations of the axial sculpture, numerous fine spiral striations and many oblique wrinkles, which are usually very fine. Aperture large and oblique, with the peristome usually slightly reinforced in adult shells; the outer lip is protracted between the summit and the periphery and retracted from the periphery basally; inner lip either evenly curved or slightly sinuous; columella broadly expanded and reflected over the umbilicus, half or more of which it covers. This species appears to occupy northwestern Luzon, ranging from Ilocos Sur through Benguet to Lepanto. Key TO THE SusspPeciES oF Ryssota (Lamarckiella) carinata. Upper surface horn-colored. Se llein i ate aes ee We oN ce ariel ee ee benguetana Sore en cnn rire outed ioas on yk) (ace ie carinata Upper surface not horn-colored. Upper surface brown. Greater diameter more than 35 mm.____...-__---_-------- cervantesana Greater diameter less than 30 mm...___._....-.._--.--------------- lepantoana Bartsch—A Synopsis of the Philippine Land Mollusks. 51 Ryssota (Lamarckiella) carinata benguetana, new subspecies. This subspecies comes from Benguet, Luzon. The type, U.S. N. M. No. 382960, has 4.2 whorls and measures: Height 18.2 mm.; greater diameter 27.0 mm.; lesser diameter 21.9 mm. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) carinata carinata Mollendorff. This race comes from Mount Tila, Luzon. A topotype, U.S. N. M. No. 382962, has 4.3 whorls and measures: Height 19.7 mm.; greater diameter 35.1 mm.; lesser diameter 28.1 mm. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) carinata cervantesana, new subspecies. This subspecies comes from the region of Cervantes, Luzon. The type, U.S. N. M. No. 382963, has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height 20.1 mm.; greater diameter 35.8 mm.; lesser diameter 28.1 mm. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) carinata lepantoana, new subspecies. This subspecies comes from Balaca, Lepanto, Luzon. The type, U.S. N. M. No. 382964, has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height 17.7 mm.; greater diameter 29.8 mm.; lesser diameter 24.0 mm. RYSSOTA (LAMARCKIELLA) OWENIANA Pfeiffer. Shell small, depressed-helicoid, varying in color from dark chestnut brown to horn-colored on the upper surface, but no matter what the general coloration is, there is always a broad light zone immediately posterior to the periphery. Anterior to the periphery there is a broad chestnut colored band. The rest of the base, as a rule, is green, though sometimes it is horn- colored with a brownish or olivaceous tinge. Nuclear whorls 2.5, well rounded; the first is marked by rather closely spaced, retractively slanting, axial riblets; the rest by numerous, very fine, wavy, very closely spaced, retractively slanting, axial riblets and numerous, very fine, spiral lirations. Postnuclear whorls moderately well rounded and marked by retractively slanting, axial riblets and numerous, very fine, spiral lirations which give to the upper surface of the whorl a finely granulose appearance. On the last portion of the last whorl there are also a number of poorly developed malleations. Periphery strongly angulated. Base well rounded, marked by the continuations of the axial riblets, poorly impressed spiral striations, and numerous oblique wrinkles. These are very strong near the periphery but become evanescent toward the umbilical area. Aperture large, very oblique; peristome slightly reinforced at the edge; outer lip protracted between the summit and periphery and slightly retracted from the periphery basally; basal lip somewhat sinuous; columella expanded and reflected over half of the umbilicus; parietal wall glazed by a moderately thick callus. This species appears to extend over the islands of Cebu, Negros and Panay. The following key will help to differentiate the subspecies from these three islands. 52 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Key To THE SupsPecies or Ryssota (Lamarckiella) oweniana. Incremental lines ‘of last whorl very rough on upper surface........... smitht Incremental lines of last whorl not very rough on upper surface. Last whorl rather strongly malleated on last one-fourth of upper STUNT RNG, aera gL LACAN aU ed ea Mae BU AATEC as BL Uk Rey A owenrana Last whorl not rather strongly malleated on last one-fourth of UPPER SUPER CEOs ROE CC Cee eae eNO inflatula Ryssota (Lamarckiella) oweniana smithi Bartsch. This subspecies comes from Passi, Hloilo, Panay. The type, U.S. N. M. No. 311021, has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height 25.3 mm.; greater diameter 43.0 mm.; lesser diameter 33.5 mm. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) oweniana oweniana Pfeiffer. This subspecies comes from the Island of Cebu. A topotype, U.S. N. M. No. 382967, has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height 20.9 mm.; greater diameter 40.3 mm.; lesser diameter 30.1 mm. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) oweniana inflatula Méllendorff. This race comes from the Island of Negros. A topotype, U. S. N. M. No. 256390, has 4.4 whorls and measures: Height 26.4 mm.; greater diameter 53.3 mm.; lesser diameter 44.1 mm. RYSSOTA (LAMARCKIELLA) LAMARCKIANA Lea. Shell large, helicoid. The early whorls pale chestnut brown, the rest pale brown, horn-colored, or horn-colored with an olivaceous tint on the upper surface. There is usually a narrow lighter zone immediately posterior to the periphery, and a broad chestnut brown band immediately anterior to the periphery. The rest of the base may be pale green horn-colored or horn- colored with a brownish tinge. There may also be present brownish varicial streaks of varying width. The interior of the aperture may be bluish white, or bluish white with a purplish tinge, the light super-peripheral zone and dark subperipheral zone showing within. Nuclear whoris a little more than 2; the first with a few broad, low, distantly spaced, retractively slanting, axial riblets and the rest with numerous, closely crewded, wavy, retractively slanting, axial threads. In addition to this there are numerous, closely spaced, spiral threads. Postnuclear whorls rather well rounded, marked by more or less regular, retractively slanting, closely spaced, axial threads, and numerous spiral lirations. The junction of these two elements renders the upper surface decidedly granulose, even on the last portion of the last turn. The last whorl also, on the upper surface, may have a few scattered malleations. Periphery strongly angulated. Base well rounded, marked by the feeble continuations of the axial riblets, incised spiral lines, which are of rather regular distribution, becoming a little more closely spaced toward the umbilicus, and numerous oblique fine wrinkles, which are particularly well developed toward the periphery. Aperture large, oblique; Bartsch—A Synopsis of tha Philippine Land Mollusks. 53 peristome slightly reinforced at the edge; outer lip protracted between the summit and the periphery and slightly retracted between the periphery and the base; basal lip somewhat sinuous; columella broadly expanded and reflected over the umbilicus. This species extends over the islands of Ticao, Masbate, Sibuyan, Panay, Cebu and Guimaras. The forms break up into the various subspecies, which the following key will help to differentiate. Key To THE Susspecies or I?yssota (Lamarckiella) lamarckiana Lea. Upper surface pale chestnut brown. Last half of last whorl malleated on upper surface. Granular sculpture coarse on upper surface of last whorl__.granulosa ? Granular sculpture not coarse on upper surface of last whorl... lamarckiona Last half of last whorl not malleated on upper surface. PV AREN ORR OLOVED tha RE sey a ee ea ticaoensis Base not horn-colored. BV ARC IGM ACEO UR re Sots Des ela ky ke a er granulosa? Upper surface not pale chestnut brown. Upper surface of last whorl greenish. Base of last whorl rather inflated. Oblique wrinkles of base strong................. LANAI Lette guimarasensis Oblique wrinkles of base feeble... 222.22-----------2-neeeeneeoneeee- legaspii Base of last whorl not inflated___......-...-.----2-------n22---0--0-000 sibuyanensis Ryssota (Lamarckiella) lamarckiana lamarckiana Lea. The typical subspecies comes from the Island of Masbate. Lea’s type, U.S. N. M. No. 116563, has 4.7 whorls and measures: Height 30.6 mm.; greater diameter 55.5 mm.; lesser diameter 43.5 mm. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) lamarckiana ticacensis, new subspecies. This race comes from the Island of Ticao. The type, U. 8. N. M. No. 256228, has 4.5 whorls and measures: Height 28.5 mm.; greater diameter 46.0 mm.; lesser diameter 37.2 mm. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) lamarckiana granulosa Méllendorff. Von Mollendorff cites this subspecies from Antique, Panay, and gives the measurements for it as: Height 33.2 mm.; greater diameter 58.6 mm.° I have not seen specimens of it. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) lamarckiana guimarasensis, new subspecies. This subspecies comes from the Island of Guimaras. The type, U. S. N. M. No. 311569, bas 5 whorls and measures: Height 29.0 mm.; greater diameter 49.2 mm.; lesser diameter 38.6 mm. 2 Not having seen granulosa I have placed it in two positions. 54 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) lamarckiana legaspti, new subspecies. This race comes from the Island of Cebu. The type, U.S. N. M. No. 311571, has 4.8 whorls and measures: Height 26.0 mm.; greater diameter 41.1 mm.; lesser diameter 33.0 mm. Ryssota (Lamarckiella) lamarckiana sibuyanensis, new subspecies. This subspecies comes from the Island of Sibuyan. The type, U.S. N. M. No. 311570, has 4.6 whorls and measures: Height 30.8 mm.; greater diameter 52.0 mm.; lesser diameter 40.8 mm. Subgenus PARARYSSOTA. In this subgenus the shell is huge and ponderous as in the larger species of Ryssota, but the aperture is not protracted at the periphery, the outer lip being evenly curved. Type.—Ryssota (Pararyssota) maxima Pfeiffer. Key TO THE SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS Pararyssota. Aperture broadly oval. es Pe ea oe ee maxima Aperture not broadly oval. Mmerture Lamaite se oi kN ae a Ne quadrast RYSSOTA (PARARYSSOTA) MAXIMA Pfeiffer. Shell very large, helicoid. Upper surface of the whorls, including the nucleus, brown, a little lighter at the apex than on the last turn. Nuclear whorls slightly rounded, marked on the first turn by rather distantly spaced, and on the succeeding turns by rather closely spaced, obsolete, retractively curved, axial threads. Postnuclear whorls marked by rather strong, irregular, retractively slanting lines of growth, and numerous, moderately strong, spiral lirations. The lines of growth and spiral lirations give to the surface of the shell a somewhat cloth-like texture. The post- nuclear whorls are covered with a moderately thick periostracum, which consists of dark and light spiral zones. The light zones are hydrophanous and frequently break away in mature shells. This leaves exposed the flesh- colored shell below the periostracum and gives to the upper surface of the shell a decidedly banded appearance. Periphery more or less angulated. Base well rounded, chestnut brown, marked by strong, irregular, incremen- tal lines and exceedingly fine, closely spaced, spiral striations. Aperture large, oval, oblique, not turned out at the periphery as in Ryssota proper; peristome thickened at the edge in adult shells, less so between the summit and the periphery than between the periphery and the base; inner lip strongly curved, thickened and reflected over at its insertion as a thick callus that almost covers the umbilicus; parietal wall covered by a moder- ately thick callus. This species appears restricted to the Island of Mindanao. Bartsch—A Synopsis of the Philippine Land Mollusks. 55 Key To THE SussPecizs or Ryssota (Pararyssota) maxima Pfeiffer. Periphery strongly keeled. Shell broadly conic. Greater diameter more than 75 mm. __...... 202... eeecneeeen oe maxima Greater diameter less than 75 mm... mororum Shell not broadly conic. Suite! Gray Gs We wil Mais ai EL Ab oh Pea NS ae UIA RU IR DA ade mearnst Periphery not strongly keeled. Periphery obscurely angulated... 2. o.oo ee davaoana Ryssota (Pararyssota) maxima maxima Pfeiffer. This race appears to occupy Agusan Valley, Mindanao. A specimen, U.S. N. M. No. 315623, has 7.2 whorls and measures: Height 65.2 mm.; greater diameter 95.3 mm.; lesser diameter 80.0 mm. Ryssota (Pararyssota) maxima mororum Pilsbry. This race comes from Misimis Province, Mindanao, opposite Camiguin Island. U.S. N. M. No. 311501, has 5.5 whorls and measures: Height 43.0 mm.; greater diameter 74.5 mm.; lesser diameter 59.4 mm. Ryssota (Pararyssota) maxima mearnsi, new subspecies. This race comes from the valley of the Baganga River. The type, U.S. N. M. No. 256263, has 6.9 whorls and measures: Height 58.0 mm.; greater diameter 80.5 mm.; lesser diameter 67.1 mm. Ryssota (Pararyssota) maxima davaoana, new subspecies. This race comes from the-region of Davao. The type, U. 8. N. M. No. 256398, is a broken specimen which measures: Greater diameter 77.2 mm.; lesser diameter 61.3 mm. RYSSOTA (PARARYSSOTA) QUADRASI Hidalgo. Shell of medium size, helicoid, rather elevated. The early whorls pale chestnut brown, the rest greenish horn-colored on the posterior half and brown on the anterior half between the summit and periphery. Base witha broad dark brown zone immediately anterior to the periphery and the rest pale brown or greenish horn-colored. In addition to this, the whorls are marked by irregular flammulations or zigzag, hydrophanous, more or less axial bands which sometimes extend below the periphery on to the base. Interior of aperture bluish white. Nuclear whorls 2.7, slightly rounded, marked by numerous, closely spaced, slightly zigzag, axial, threadlike riblets which are about half as wide as the spaces that separate them, and rather fine spiral striations. Postnuclear whorls inflated, well rounded, marked by numerous, coarse, wrinkle-like axial markings between which are fine lines of growth and numerous, closely spaced, fine, spiral lirations. The intersection of the fine axial and spiral sculpture gives to the surface of the shell a cloth-like texture. This fine sculpture is much more strongly 56 Proceedings of the Biological ‘Society of Washington. developed on the first three whorls than on the last turn where it becomes less conspicuous and where the periostracum becomes crinkly. Suture strongly impressed, which gives to the spire a somewhat broadly conic, bee-hive shape. Periphery obtusely angulated. Base well rounded but not inflated, marked by the continuation of the axial wrinkles and the finer axial lines of growth between these and numerous microscopic, closely spaced, spiral striations. Aperture narrowly oval, oblique; outer lip strongly arched between the summit and the periphery and considerably less so between the periphery and the base, which is rather flattened; the peristome is not thickened from the summit to the periphery and only moderately so from the periphery to the base, the basal portion, however, is conspicuously thickened; columella forming somewhat of an angle at its junction with the basal lip slightly curved, slightly sinuous and expanded at its insertion, where it is reflected to almost cover the umbilicus; parietal wall covered by a thin callus which allows the colors of the preceding whorl to shine through. The specimen described, U. S. N.. M. No. 311496, was collected by Quadras on Catanduanes Island. It has 7.2 whorls and measures: Height 47.5 mm.; greater diameter 72.8 mm.; lesser diameter 62.3 mm. Vol. 52, pp. 57-60 April 27, 1939 PROGEEDINGS OF THE A NEW RACE OF CYNANTHUS LATIROSTRIS FROM GUANAJUATO. BY ROBERT T. MOORE, California Institute of Technology. A recent accession of specimens from the State of Guana- juato, Mexico, contains the new form, herein described. Cynanthus latirostris propinquus,! subsp. nov. BLUE-BELLIED CYNANTHUS. Type.—Male adult in winter plumage, number 22386, collection of Robert T. Moore; 5 miles N. E. of Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico; January 9, 1939; altitude about 5600 feet; collected by Chester C. Lamb. Subspecific characters.—Nearest to Cynanthus latirostris magicus (Mulsant and Yerreaux) of northwestern Mexico, but darker above and below, the adult male having posterior underparts much bluer without any con« spicuous break in coloration between throat and jugulum, Dark Myrtle Green? instead of Peacock Green; upper parts much darker green instead of golden green; crown and occiput more Metallic Green; size larger. The female of propinquus differs from magicus in being obviously darker above; somewhat darker below; median rectrices having a wide Dusky Blue tip instead of entirely green or nearly so. Propinquus differs from Cynanthus latirosiris latirostris (Swainson) ot the Valley of Mexico in the same way it does from magzcus except size, which is similar, but the difference in coloration is much greater, for true latirostris has the blue of the throat much more restricted and sharply contrasted © with the bright green of the jugulum, while the abdomen, having little green, is decidedly grayish; the under tail coverts dark gray instead of white. Range.—Seemingly confined to the state of Guanajuato and extreme northern Michoacan. The three adult males from Lake Cuitzeo, northern Michoacan, sixty miles southeast of Irapuato, have greener posterior under parts and darker 1The Latin word propinquus, ‘‘near in pointof relationship,’ is used here to indicate the approach of this race to Cynanthus doubledayi (Bourcier). 2 Names of colors in this paper, when capitalized, are taken from Ridgway’s ‘‘Color Standards and Color Nomenclature,’’ 1912. 17—Proc. Bron. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (57) a My ite dl. ¢ J 58 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. gray under tail-coverts than true propinquus, but have darker upper parts and less gray abdomens than I. latirostris. They are intermediates, closer to propinquus. 7 AVERAGE MEASUREMENTS OF Cynanthus latirostris magicus Cynanthus latirostris latirostris. Cyanthus latirostris propinquus. EXPOSED MALES. WING.? TAIL. CULMEN. 8 ads. latirostris, Valley of Mexico_.___....-..-.-.-.. 54.8 33.0 Pallel| 7 ads. propinquus, Guanajuato & Michoacan. 54.9 35.2 21.1 28 ads. magicus, Sin. & 8. Sonora... -_....-..----.---- 49.6 29.8 19.6 13 ads. magicus, Ariz. & extreme N. Sonora... 51.0 30.8 20.0 FEMALES. 2 ads. latirostris, Valley of Mexico & Tam...... 53.2 31.1 21.3 3 ads. propinquus, Guanajuato & Michoacan.. 53.2 32.0 22.8 19 ads. magicus, Sin. & 8. Sonora.............-.--------- 47.9 27.5 20.1 7 ads. magicus, Ariz. & N. Sonora........--..--.--- 49.9 28.4 21.6 Specimens examined.—Propinquus: Guanajuato: near Irapuato 4 op 1 9, Rancho Enmedio 17 mi. N. E. Guanajuato 1 9; Michoacan: San Augustin Lake Cuitzeo 3 o' 1 9. Magicus: United States: Arizona: Santa Cruz Co.: Petia Blanca 1 Jv. & 1 9; no county stated: Catalina Mills I &; Pima Co.: Ft. Lowell 6 & 1 9; Cochise Co.: Portal 1 9. Mexico: Sonora: Saric 2 «4 9, Magdalena 1 o, Pesqueira 2 o«\ 2 9, Tesia2 #1 9, Guaymas 1 &, San Javier 1 o« 1Im. 1 9, Tecoripa2 9, Camoal 9, Yaqui Riv. 1 Im. o, Agiabampo 3 <, Masocari Is. 1 &, Guirocoba 1 Im. # 1 Jv. « 2 9. Chihuahua: Urique Riv. bottom Baranca del Cobre 1 <. Sinaloa: Colmoa 1 o& 2 2, Huassa3 9, Los Leones 1 Im. 9, El Orito1 9, La Guasimas 1 o& 1 92, Yecorato 1 o&, Ahome1l o& 1 @, Guamuchil 3 9, Culiacan 26 2 9, El Molino 2 &, Badiraguato 2 o, San Ignacio 1 9, near Matatan 1 9, Elota 1 o, Rancho El Padre 1 9, Potrerillo 1 &, Sierra Palos Dulces 1 <, Rancho Picacho 1 o', Palmar 1 @, Arroyo Guayabito 1 &, Cacalotan 1 9, Palos Verde Mine 1 9, Rancho Hl Padrel #1 9, Rosario 1 o&. Nayarit: Rio Las Canas1 o, near Tepic4 “7 1Im. 1 9. Durango: Tamazula 1 o& 2 9, Rancho Guasimal 2 &. Latirostris lati- rostris: Mexico: District Federal: Valle de Mexico 8 «1 @. Tamaulipas: Santa Leonora l o'1 Q. Remarks.—The description of Cynanthus latirostris Swainson (Philos. Mag., N. 8., I, No. 6, June, 1827, 441) gives the locality as ‘Table land ? of Mexico.’’ Swainson’s references to the ‘‘ Tableland” usually refer to the region about Temascaltepec, but in this particular case, the query after the phrase ‘‘Table land” might indicate a doubt in Swainson’s own mind regarding the exact locality of the bird he was describing. In 1934, Mr. W. W. Brown spent several months in Temascaltepee at the request of the author and took a large collection of birds. He did not secure a single 3 Wing measured from anterior point of Metacarpus. Moore—A New Race of Cynanthus latirostris. 59 specimen of Cynanthus latirostris! He writes me he did not see it, and adds, “Where I was located, it must have been uncommon, or we would have taken it. Furthermore, Mr. Brown went for the express purpose of con- centrating on the species which Swainson described. On the other hand, Cynanthus latirostris is still common in the Valley of Mexico, since the eight males and one female in my collection were all taken there since January, 1931, by two different collectors. Bullock, from whose speci- mens Swainson’s descriptions were often made, was particularly interested in hummingbirds and brought back to England in 1822 “seventy in cages’”’ (Bullock, Six months Residence and Travels in Mexico, p. 267). Furthermore, he particularly mentioned seeing hummingbirds ‘“‘in great plenty”’ in the Botanical Gardens of Mexico City, and a common garden- frequenter like Cynanthus is likely to have been conspicuous. It seems almost certain that Bullock secured Cynanthus latirostris somewhere in the vicinity of Mexico City. Therefore, I hereby designate the type locality of Cynanthus latirostris Swainson as the Valley of Mexico, near Mexico City. Now we come to the status of the smaller bird of northwestern Mexico, which Ridgway (Birds of North and Middle America, part V, p. 371, footnote) with evident hesitation synonymized with latirostris. Ridgway calls attention to the fact that the ‘‘specimens from the State of Sinaloa average considerably smaller than those from other localities, . . .”’ But he could not take the appropriate action, for he had no specimens from the Valley of Mexico and only seven males from scattered localities in Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi to compare with seven males from Sinaloa. My much greater series from both northwestern and eastern Mexico proves that differences in size are considerably greater than even Ridgway supposed. Furthermore, the birds of northwestern Mexico are Darker Green above and below and have almost pure white under tail- coverts, instead of Dusky ones as in specimens from eastern Mexico. It is equally significant that the new race of propinquus, lying geographically between true latirostris on the east and the birds of northwestern Mexico, is by far the darkest of the three races, possesses the whiter under tail- coverts of the northwestern bird, and a dark bluish green abdomen instead of the gray one suffused with golden green of true latirostris from the Valley of Mexico. Regarding the name to be used for the northwestern bird, Dr. Oberholser graciously writes in full detail, confirming my conviction that ‘‘magica”’ of Mulsant and Verreaux is the only one which can be applied to it. He states, “Hylocharis lazula Reichenbach is an erroneous identification of Reichen_ bach’s bird with Trochilus lazulus Vieillot, which is certainly not Cynanthus latirostris, but some South American species. Sapphironia circe Bonaparte is a nomen nudum, subsequently applied by Reichenbach to the south- eastern race of Cynanthus latirostris. Hylocharis magica Mulsant and Verreaux, where it was originally published, is also a nomen nudum, but a valid citation of it, not mentioned by Ridgway (Birds of N. & M. Amer. Part V, p. 373), was made by Mulsant and Verreaux (Annales Soc. Linn. Lyon, XVIII, January 31, 1872, p. 110, Mazatlan, “‘ Basse Californie”), who 60. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. gives a “‘two-page description of this bird.” This “is undoubtedly some form of Cynanthus latirostris’”? and they ‘‘mention the small size of the Mazatlan bird.” Elliot’s description of Iache magicus (Classif. and Synop. Troch., 1879, p. 23 Mazatlan, ‘‘ Lower California’’), is not the first descrip- tion, as is generally supposed, and the fact that it follows closely the Type, discolored by immersion in chemicals, and is therefore not a good description of the northwestern bird, has no bearing on the problem. It follows that magicus must be used for the bird of northwestern Mexico and Arizona. It would seem, then, that the names and ranges of the three races should read as follows: Cynanthus latirostris latirostris ((Swainson) from the Valley of Mexico and Veracruz, probably through Hidalgo to Tamaulipas. Cynanthus latirostris propinquus, Guanajuato, northern Michoacan and possibly portions of adjoining states in Central Mexico. Cynanthus latirostris magicus, northwestern Mexico, from Sonora and Arizona south through Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Durango, Nayarit and probably to Colima and Guerrero. As Ridgway noted on the basis of six adult males and six adult females from Arizona, these birds from southwestern United States are approxi- mately the same size as the northwestern birds and the same coloration. The Arizona bird should take the name magicus. I have not seen specimens from Guerrero or Colima, but accept Ridgway’s statement that these birds “‘are nearly as small’’ as the Sinaloa individuals. The characters of the new race from Guanajuato show a definite approach to Cynanthus doubledayi (Bourcier) of Southern Mexico, with their more bluish abdomen and more Metallic Green pileum. Nevertheless, propinquus is closer to the latirostris group, nor am | suggesting that latirostris and doubledayi should be considered as conspecific. In conclusion, I should stress the extraordinary bluish green coloration below and dark greenish coloration above of propinquus; in fact it is considerably darker than either of the other two races to the east and west of its range; and slightly the largest. ball tee Vol. 52, pp. 61-82 June 5, 1939 PROCEEDINGS ———_————.. OF THE L ZX QGONIAN INSTIRSS ipo BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON © " iB. NEW BIRDS FROM ASIA, CHIEFLY FROM INDIA. BY WALTER KOELZ. While engaged in botanical pursuits in India and Afghanistan during the years 1936-1938, I had opportunity to make a collection of birds. On the basis of the study of these specimens, I am describing the following forms as new. I am obligated to the authorities of the American Museum of Natural History, Field Museum of Natural History, Museum of Comparative Zoology, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, and the U. S. National Museum, and to Mr. H. B. Conover, and to Mr. Hoyes Lloyd through the National Museum of Canada for the loan of specimens. I am especially indebted to the staff of the American Museum of Natural History and of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology for privileges and assistance while studying their large and important collections. To Doctor Pierce Brodkorb, Doctor Ernst Mayr, and Doctor Josselyn Van Boas of hte institu. tions, I am grateful for advice. Unless otherwise indicated, the specimens on which the descriptions are based are in my collection. Parus major stupae, new subspecies. Type.— co (wing 66 mm.), collected at Sanchi, Bhopal, on January 2, 1938, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—3 specimens collected at about the same time. Compared with specimens of mahrattarum from Ceylon in the Rothschild Collection this form differs in having shorter wing and tail, in having the outermost rectrices nearly all white, in having less extensive black on the throat and belly. The underparts are also whiter. Compared with nipalensis from northern and eastern Bengal in my col- lection, the general tone is paler, especially on the sides. The central rectrix has much less blue-grey, the penultimate rectrix has much more white (the outer web is all white), the nuchal patch is more conspicuous, 18—Proc. Bron. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939, (61) 62 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Whistler (J. B. N. H. S. XXXV, p. 519), has shown that cinereus of Java differs from nipalensis. From an examination of Javan specimens in the Rothschild Collection, I find the bill of Javan birds is frailer, the nuchal patch whiter, and the black of the belly has a white edeime, Wing measurements: stupae 2 o' 65.5, 66; 2 2 62.5, 63 mm. nipalensis 7 o' 60.5-64; 3 2 60-63.5. 5 Whistler gives 5 co 67-68; 2 9° 62.5, 65 mm. cinereus 5 specimens 63-68 mm. Parus major meinertzhageni, new subspecies. Type.—Male (wing 69 mm.), collected at Balkh, Afghanistan, on Novem- ber 28, 1937, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—One specimen from Tashkurghan on September 4, 1937; 8 from the type locality on September 18 and 19, 1937, and 6 from Novem- ber 28 to 30, 1937. Compared with specimens of ziaratensis in my collection from Kandahar and Herat, this form is paler and the wing is shorter. The two central rectrices are nearly entirely blue-grey. Compared with specimens of bokharensis in the Rothschild Collection, the back lacks the sandy cast, is bluer; the wing bar is duller and the black of the throat is deeper. Compared with specimens of feraghensis and iliensis in the Rothschild Collection this form has a shorter wing and tail and the sides are paler. A series of specimens that I took at Rustak near the Russian border are much like feraghensis. The juveniles, unlike neighboring caschmirensis, have little green in the plumage. Wing measurements: meinertzhageni, 9 o 64.5-69 (71); 6 2 63.5-66 mm. ziaratensis, 8 o' 70 -76;9 2 66.5-70 (73) mm. bokharensis, o' 63 -70 mm. feraghensis, o' 68-77 mm. > ex Hartert, V.P.F., 2, 1933, p. 176-7. iliensis, o 68 -74 mm. Parus major decolorans, new subspecies. Type—o (wing 78 mm.), collected at Jalalabad, Afghanistan, on December 18, 1937, by W. Koelz. ; Paratypes.—5 specimens taken in the type locality at about the same time; 2 from Daulatshah, Afghanistan, on June 1, 1937, and two from Paetak, on June 4, 1937. -This form is different from zzartenszs in that the light of the under parts is very smoky and the back is darker. It differs from caschmirensis, from Gilgit, Kashmir Vale, Baltistan, and Ladakh, in being smoky on the under parts, white being virtually absent, the innermost rectrix is more black, and the tail is shorter. Strangely, specimens in fresh fall plumage from Lahul, Punjab, are nearly as discolored below. Koelz—New Birds from Asia, Chiefly from India. 63 Wing measurements: -decolorans 6 &' 73.5-78; 4 2 70-72 mm. ztaratensis 8 o' 70-76;9 9 66.5-70 (73) mm., Herat and Kandahar; 70 73-78; 2 9 70.5-71.5 mm., ex Whistler, J. B. N. H. 8. XXXV, p- 518. Machlolophus xanthogenys xanthonotus, new subspecies. Type.—Adult & (wing 74.5 mm.), taken at Londa, Bombay Presidency, on January 10, 1938, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—12 specimens taken from January 7 to March 10, 1938. I have in my collection 7 specimens of aplonotus from Bhopal State and Mahendra Giri, Orissa, and of travancoreensis from Palni Hills. The new form is nearly as yellow as aplonotus. The light tips of the wing coverts are often conspicuously yellowish. In respect to other distinctive charac- ters: large size, reduced white tips on the rectrices, extension forward of the supercilium, it is like travancoreensis. Wing measurements: zanthonotus 8 & 74.5-79.5; 5 9 70-74 mm. aplonotus 5 & 70-74; 2 9 74, 75 mm. o 70.5-77 mm. (ex Whistler). travencoreensis 2 § 75,78; 2 74 mm. ot 76.5-82.5 mm. (ex. Whistler) I follow Whistler (J. B. N. H. S. XXXYV, p. 520) in not accepting Blyth’s name jerdont. Sitta frontalis simplex, new subspecies. Type.—o (wing 77.5 mm.) taken at Londa, Bombay Presidency, on January 31, 1938, by W. Koelz.. Topotypes.—Ten specimens taken from January 9 to March 10, 1938. Compared with specimens of frontalis from Ceylon in the Rothschild Collection, these Indian specimens are less richly colored and without the strong lilac purple tone that characterizes the typical form. There are no significant size differences. Compared with specimens of corallina in my collection and in the Rothschild Collection, the wing islonger. [Whistler (B. N. H.8. J., XXXV, p. 523) recognizes corallina on size only.] Wing measurements: simplex! 10 & 74-82; 10 2 72-76.5 mm. corallina 8 9 72-76.5;4 2 70-72 mm., ex. Whistler, partim. Aegithina tiphia septentrionalis, new subspecies. Type.— @ (wing 66.5 mm.) taken at Bhadwar, Kangra District, Punjab, 2000 feet altitude, on April 13, 1933, by W. Koelz, U. M. M. Z., No. 78871. Topotypes.—4 specimens taken March 31 to April 13, 1933. None have black in the body plumage. Compared with specimens of tzphia from Dacca and the Sevok Forest 1 Including specimens from the Nilgiris, the Palnis, and Southern Orissa. 64 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. near Darjeling, these specimens are much yellower on the crown and on the rest of the upperparts, more gold on the throat and upper breast. The outermost rectrices often have broad edges of yellow and the black inner rectrix of males is washed broadly on the distal end with green-yellow. The bill averages larger and the wing longer. Wing measurements: septentrionalis 4 o 66.5-68; 9 66 mm. ; tiphia 4 o 63.5-65.5; 3 Q 63-65.5 mm. Hypocolius ampelinus orientalis, new subspecies. Type.—Adult male (wing 106 mm.), taken at Kandahar, Afghanistan, on October 23, 1937, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—5 specimens, taken October 21-24, 1937. Compared with specimens in the Rothschild Collection from Fao, which may be considered the type locality of ampelinus, my specimens are darker above, especially on the crown where in males there is a distinct bluish cast; they have a smaller bill and longer wing. Wing measurements: orientalis 4 o 103-106; 2 2 96, 100 mm. ampelinus 5 specimens 97-103 mm. Molpastes leucotis farahensis, new subspecies. Type.—o (wing 90.5 mm.), taken at Farah, Afghanistan, October 30, 1937, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—A specimen from the type locality on the same date; 7 specimens from Kandahar on October 17-22, 1937. Differs in color from mesopotamia and typical leucotis of Sind, by being greyer, not sandy, above and below, and with more black, less brown, in the tail. In the matter of wing size it is intermediate. The tail is longer than in leucotis. Wing measurements: farahensis 4 &' 90-91.5; 5 9 84-88 mm. mesopotamia o 90-95; 2 87-89 mm., ex Hartert, V. P. F. III, 1921-22, p. 2133. leucotis 8 o& (75) 88-84.5 (87) mm., Sind specimens. Tail measurements: farahensis 3 & 76-80; 4 9 76-80 mm. leucotis 8 &@ 66-77 mm. Tole icterica intensior, new subspecies. Type.—Male (wing 94.5 mm.), taken at Kunjapani, Nilgiri Hills, on February 20, 1937, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—2 specimens taken at about the same time in the type locality, and one from Kodaikanal, Palni Hills, on March 15, 1937. Compared with specimens in my collection from Londa, which is between the type locality of icterica (Mahableshwar) and the Nilgiris, this form is richer in color, especially on the sides of the head. Koelz—New Birds from Asia, Chiefly from India. 65 Wing measurements: antensior, o' 88.5, 94.5, 94.5; 9 90 mm.; icterica 10 & (90) 93-96; 4 2 88.5-90.5 mm. Certhia himalayana cedricola, new subspecies. Type.—Adult 92 (wing 67 mm.), collected at Jalalabad, Afghanistan; on December 18, 1937, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—3 specimens from the type locality on the same date; one from Kail on June 3, 1937, and from Ferajghan Pass, June 6, 1937; 3 from Sirotai in mid-June, 1937. Compared with specimens of limes from Gilgit in the Rothschild Collec- tion, this form has greyer upper parts. The red-brown of the back is much reduced and duller, and the buff of the underparts is much paler. Compared with specimens of taeniura from Turkestan in the Rothschild Collection, the upper parts are much darker. The under parts are also darker, especially the belly. Wing measurements: 5 o’, 69-72.5; 5 9, 65-67 mm. Cinclus pallasii kargasiensis, new subspecies. Type.—Adult & (wing 106 mm.), taken on Kargasi Pass, Afghanistan, August 8, 1937, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—5 specimens taken in the type locality at the same time; one from Sanglech, July 26, 1937; one from Minjan Pass, July 28, 1937; one from Paghman, Afghanistan, June 27, 1937; and one from Upper Tale Valley, Baltistan, August 24, 1936. Compared with specimens of tenuirostris in my collection and that of the University of Michigan, mostly from Punjab, these Afghan specimens are duller, more hair-brown, but not so dark as typical pallasw. Juveniles average greyer and ee especially on the breast. The wings and tail are longer. Measurements: kargasiensis adult o& 100.5, 103 (worn); 102 (worn); 105; juvenile 3 103+, 104.5; 3 adult 2 95-97.5; juvenile 97.5 mm. tenuirostris, 15 & 96-100 (103); 4 9 91-95 mm. Saxicola caprata rupchandi,' new subspecies. Type.—Adult female (wing 69.5 mm.) taken at Londa, Bombay Presi- dency, January 21, 1938, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—7 o& W 68-75; 7 2 68-71 mm., taken from January 8 to— March 12, 1938. Like the races atrata and burmanica, this form has the white of the under parts confined to the lower abdomen in the male. Compared with Ceylonese atrata in the Rothschild Collection, this form has shorter wings and tail, heavier feet, and smaller bill. The color of the males is more black (no trace of brown), and the females are more black (less rufous brown) above and below. 1 Named for the Thakur Rup Chand, without whose help I could not have collected birds. 66 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Compared with burmanica from Benghal, Bhamo, and Hospet, which recent writers consider synonymous with typical caprata, the female is darker and less rufous throughout. Males are purer black with no trace of brown. There are no size differences. The form is apparently resident. Breeding begins in late January. No migrant forms were collected. A comparison with specimens in my collection from the Palni Hills (o 81,2 2 73.5, 74 mm.), Nilgiris (2 o 76,3 9 72, 72.5, 74 mm.), and from Tellicherry (2 9 69 mm.) indicates that the hill forms are nearest atrata. The Malabar females are colored like the hills female, but average smaller in the four measurable characters enumerated. The bill is heavier than in any Londa female. Oenanthe isabellina kargasi, new subspecies. Type.—Adult @ (tail 62 mm.), in fresh fall plumage, taken August 8, 1937, on Kargasi Pass, Afghanistan, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—2 adults and three first plumage specimens in the type locality at about the same time; a juvenile from Zebak on July 22, 1937; 2 adults and a juvenile from Minjan Pass, July 26-28, 1937, and an adult from Teshkan Pass, August 18, 1937. The new form differs from juveniles and adults of zsabellina from South Afghanistan (Gardez) in my collection and from many specimens in the Rothschild Collection from North Africa, Asia Minor, Turkestan, Mongolia, in having heavier bill, longer tail, tarsus and toes, and deeper color. Cercomela fusca ruinarum, new subspecies. Type.—Adult male (wing 94.5 mm.), taken at Sanchi, Bhopal State, on January 3, 1938, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—3 specimens taken on January 1 and 3, 1988. Compared with specimens of fusca in the Rothschild and University of Michigan collections from Lahore and Hissar District, both in the Punjab, these birds are much darker in color. The wing averages longer. Wing measurements: ruinarum 3 o 90-95; 2 87 mm. fusca 2 o' 88-90; 3 92 84.5+87 mm. Saxicoloides fulicata lucknowensis, new subspecies. Type.—Adult male (wing 71 mm.), taken at Lucknow, U. P., on December 10, 1936, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—3 specimens taken on about the same date. The races fulicata, intermedia, and ptymatura occurring in the southern part of the Peninsula have the back predominantly black, and this form need therefore be compared only with the two northern forms munda and cambaiensis. Comparing males, this form differs from munda in being paler and much more grey, less rufescent, with crissal chestnut paler and with shorter wing and tail. Females are greyer throughout and have the same size differences. 1 The type locality of fusca is Muttra. Koelz—New Birds from Asia, Chiefly from India. 67 Compared with specimens of cambaiensis from the Sind in the University of Michigan Collection and from Udaipur in my collection, the male of lucknowensis is greyer and paler above and wings and tail are shorter. Females differ in about the same way. Wing measurements: lucknowensis 2 #72, 73; 2 9 67, 72 mm. cambaiensis 7 & 76-80; 4 2 72-73 mm. munda, 5 & 72-77; 2 2 73, 74.5 mm. Saxicoloides fulicata stuartbakeri, new subspecies. Type.—Breeding & (wing 73 mm.), taken at Bodhgaya, Bihar, on April 10, 1937, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—3 specimens taken at about the same time. This form, like lucknowensis, has a short wing and tail and brown back. Comparing males, the color above is deeper and browner than in that form. It is darker than munda and more rufescent than cambaiensis, especially on the head. Color differences between females are slight. Wing measurements: 2 0 71, 73; 2 9 69, 70.5 mm. Turdus merula brodkorbi, new subspecies. Type.—Breeding female (wing 136 mm.), collected at Farakar, Afghani- stan, July 6, 1937, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—Male and 3 females from Kandahar, October 21-23, 1937; a female from Bala Murghab, November 15, 1937, and one from Maimana, November 16, 1937; and two females from Balkh, November 30 and December 3, 1937. Compared with females of the race intermedia from Turkestan in the Rothschild Collection and in the U. S. National Museum, these birds are not so brown above or below. The belly especially is greyer. The race differs from syriaca in having much less brown. In syriaca the females are hair-brown above, with often an olive tint, and often nearly monochrome below, while the black of the male shows some brown. Wing measurements: o' 135; 8 Q 127-137 mm. Prunella strophiatus sirotensis, new subspecies. Type.—Adult o, taken at Sirotai, Afghanistan, on June 17, 1937, by W. Koelz. Topotype.—Adult 9, taken next day. Wing measurements of both, 65 mm. Compared with topotypical jerdoni in ray collection taken in Kashmir during summer of 1936, this race is greyer above, especially on the back and rump. The wing may average shorter. Wing measurements of topotypical jerdoni, 5 &, 66-71 mm.; 9 9 W 64-68.5 mm. Muscicapa strophiata euphonia, new subspecies. Type.—Male (wing 74 mm.), taken at Kulu, Kangra Dt., Punjab, on December 25, 1932, by W. Koelz. 68 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Paratypes.—One specimen from the type locality taken on December 25, 1932; one from Arsu, Punjab, on November 15, 1933; three from Chaura, Rampur State, Simla Hills, on November 3 and 4, 1933; 9 from Serahan, Rampur State, from November. 5-8, 1933. Compared with a series of strophiata in my collection from Darijeling, taken in the winter, this race is generally paler, except for the throat. The edgings of the large wing feathers are especially brighter. ° Hypothymis azurea similis, new subspecies. Type.—Adult male (wing 68.5 mm.), taken at Londa, Bombay Presi- dency, on January 10, 1938, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—16 specimens taken from January 10 to March 6, 1938. In coloration, duller than any Indian form. Compared with sykesi from Vizagapatam District and from the Nilgiris in my collection, the blue is duller (in females, less extensive below), and the light of the underparts greyer. The black band of the upper breast in males is but weakly ius veloped, and the occipital spot is smaller. Whistler (J. B. N. H.S. XXXVI, p. 91) rejects sykesi, but my specimens of styani from Dacca and those in the Rothschild Collection from Hainan have a much longer tail than any I have seen from peninsular India. The coloring may average richer. Ceylonensis in the Rothschild Collection is more purplish and has the pectoral bar absent or obsolescent in males. Wing measurements: similis, 10 & 65-70.5; 7 2 (62) 66-70 mm. styani, 7 & 69.5-74; 5 9 66-69 mm. (Ex Whistler). sykesi, 8 & (64) 68-73; 3 9 68-71 mm. ceylonensis, 6 specimens 65.5-67 (70.5) mm. Chelidorhynx hypoxantha noa, new subspecies. Type.— @ (wing 57 mm.) collected at Naggar, Kulu, Punjab, on October 28, 1936, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—12 specimens from the type locality taken in December of 1932 and 1933; 2 from Baijnath, also in the Kangra Dt., Punjab, January 14, 1933; one from Chaura, Rampur State, Simla Hills, November 2, 1933; four from Serahan, Rampur State, November 5 and 6, 1933. Compared with specimens from Sikkim in the Rothschild Collection this race shows somewhat paler on the back, primaries, and rectrices. The white wing-spots average larger and the yellow below is less tipped with smoky. Leucocirca albicollis canescens, new subspecies. Type.—Male (wing 80.5 mm.), taken at Bhadwar, Punjab, March 31, 1933, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—Nine specimens taken between March 27 and April 19; 1933. Wing measurements: 6 o& 77-81; 4 2 74-76 mm. Compared with Bengal specimens (Sukna Forest), the northwestern Koelz—New Birds from Asia, Chiefly from India. 69 specimens are ashy on the back, breast, and belly, not sooty, and the light tips to the rectrices are less sharply demarcated. Hemipus picatus insulae, new subspecies. Type.—American Museum of Natural History No. 655585, Wavenden, Ceylon, February 8, 1881, H. J. Elwes Coll. Paratypes.—Six specimens from Ceylon in the same collection. Differs from typical picatus from the Nilgiris, the Palnis, and Londa, Bombay Presidency, in having the white tip of the outermost tail ne shorter. All these specimens have a black back and it may be that the females are like the males in color, as has been suggested. Tephrodornis pondiceriana warei,! new subspecies. Type.—Adult male (wing 89.5 mm.), taken at Londa, Bombay Presi- dency, on January 12, 1938, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—11 specimens taken between January 11 and March 6, 1938. Whistler (J. B. N. H. 8. 38 p. 310) is right in saying that the birds of the western Ghats and the eastern provinces are darker. The Sikkim and Bengal birds of my collection and those in the Rothschild Collection are dark. They are the darkest and greyest of the Indian races. Compared with pondiceriana from the Punjab they are much darker and have less white on the throat. The white is present usually as streaks over the grey. Hodgson’s name leucurus is probably available for this form. The Londa birds are dark like leucurus but the cast is brown, and the crown is usually darker-than the back. Compared with pondiceriana, the breast is also darker and the white of the throat is perhaps less extensive. I have three adults from Mangalore on the Malabar Coast that are in rather worn plumage, but they appear to be like this form. Compared with the Ceylonese race affinis, the tail and wings in warez are longer and the supercilium is more conspicuous. Wing measurements: 9 o1 85-91; 4 2 82.5-87 mm. Birds taken in early March were breeding. Pericrocotus cinnamomeus sidhoutensis, new subspecies. Type.—Adult o' (wing 67.5 mm.), taken at Sidhout, Madras Presidency, March 23, 1937, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—8 specimens from the type locality at about the same time; 2 from Kodur nearby, on March 18, 1937. In the distribution and intensity of red this form is intermediate between the richly colored, typical race of Ceylon (not malabaricus of Malabar, which is the most intensely colored of all races), and the two pale races, tredalet of Punjab and pallidus of Sind. Compared with the typical race, the back and throat are paler and the wing shorter. 1 Named for my friend 8. J. Ware. 70 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Compared with pallidus, the smallest of the named Indian races, which it most resembles, the coloration everywhere is deeper and the tail is shorter. Vividus, of which I have seen examples in the Rothschild Collection from Rangoon, Upper Burma and the Shan States, appears to differ from the typical Ceylon form chiefly in having the throat grey. Wing measurements: sidhoutensis, 4 o' 65-67; 2 Q 65, 65.5 mm. cinnamomeus, 8 of 68.5-71; 6 9 68-71.5 mm. (Specimens from Londa, Bombay Presidency, Nilgiri Hills, Ceylon.) tredalei, 6 & 66.5-72; 7 2 66-70 mm. (Specimens from Punjab.) pallidus, 8 o& 64-68 (70); 2 9 63, 66 mm. (Specimens from Sind.) Tail measurements: sidhoutensts, 4 & 66-69.5; 2 9 64, 70 mm. pallidus, 8 & 69-72.5 (76.5); 9 74 mm. Two pairs taken at Sanchi, Bhopal State, are like sidhoutensis in color but are larger (2 & 69, 71; 2 2 69, 71 mm.). Chibia hottentota londae, new subspecies. Types.— o' (wing 166 mm.) collected at Londa, Bombay Presidency, on January 24, 1938, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—11 specimens taken from January 16, to February 20, 1938, by W. Koelz. Compared with topotypical hottentota in my collection from near Darjel- ing, Bengal, and in the Rothschild Collection from Sikkim, the wing and tail of this form are shorter, the bill averages smaller, and the general color is duller. Wing measurements: londae, 4 & 165.5-166; 9 2 153-161 mm. I follow Whistler (J. B. N. H.S. XXXVI, No. 2, 1938, p. 352) in retaining Sikkim as the type locality of hottentota. Tue Forms oF Orthotomus sutorius IN PENINSULAR INDIA. Orthotomus sutorius sutorius (Pennant). The type locality of sutorius is Ceylon, from whence I have seen specimens in the Rothschild Collection. My specimens from the Nilgiris (February) match these specimens closely. This form has the back a clear yellow-green, more yellow than any of the other Indian races. The color of the fore- crown generally spreads to the nape. There is no supercilium. The ear coverts are pale, washed with buff. The wing, 6 o& 46.5-51.5 mm. Orthotomus sutorius londae, new subspecies. Type.—Adult & (wing 48.5 mm.) taken at Londa, Bombay Presidency, on January 13, 1938, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—13 specimens taken between January-8 and March 12, 1988. This form has the back less yellow than the above, the color of the fore- Koelz—New Birds from Asia, Chiefly from India. 71 crown is generally restricted, and the hind-crown is greyer. There is a narrow greyish supercilium; the ear coverts are grey without buff. Wing: 9 & 47.5-51; 5 2 43-48 mm. Specimens from Mangalore on the Malabar Coast are nearest this form; from Nilambur intermediate with sutorius. Specimens from Cuddapah and Kodur, Madras Presidency, and from Mahendra Giri, Orissa, are nearest this form, with the crown as in the next. Orthotomus sutorius guzurata (Latham). I have five molting specimens from Udaipur, which is near the Guzerat border, the type locality, taken on April 22, 1937. The back has the yellow reduced; the crown is as in sutorius; there is a conspicuous whitish super- cilium; the ear coverts are bufiy. Wing measurements: 5 o 50-54; 4 9 45.5-49.5 mm. Four specimens from Sanchi, Bhopal, are very similar, and the measure- ments are included above. Orthotomus sutorius sindiana, new subspecies. Type.—Adult male (wing 51 mm.), Hyderabad, Sind, British India, April 28, 1937, collected by Walter Koelz. Topotypes.—5 specimens taken near Khinjar Lake, Sind, February 11 to March 5, 1934, all in the University of Michigan Collection; one from Hyderabad, Sind, in my collection, taken April 28, 1937. The last is moulting to spring plumage. This form has the yellow of the back more reduced, more green, than any of the preceding races; the color of the forecrown is more restricted and the hind neck is greyish, without the strong vinaceous wash of londae; the supercilium is absent or.there is a greyish trace; the ear coverts are pearly grey; the under parts are slightly less buffy, with a tinge of grey. Wing measurements: 5 o' 49-51; 3 2 47.5-48 mm. Orthotomus sutorius ruficapilla (Hutton) Simla. I have seen specimens in the Rothschild and University of Michigan collections, in addition to my own, from Kashmir, Punjab (plains and foothills to 5000 feet), Saharanpur. This is near stndzana in coloration but has the hindneck less grey and the ear coverts more buffy and has a longer wing: 13 o 51-56.5;4 9 48-51 mm. A specimen from Benares is nearest to the dull Bengal form patia. Phylloscopus occipitalis kail, new subspecies. Type.—Adult & (wing 67 mm.) taken at Kail, Afghanistan, June 3, 1937, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—3 specimens from the type locality on the same date; one from Daulatshah, on June 1; two from Gumandru, on June 5; one from Sanglech, July 26; one from Iskarzir, on July 31, 1937. Compared with winter specimens of occipitalis in my collection from the Eastern and Western Ghats, and breeding birds from Kashmir, Chamba, 72 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. and Lahul, this form has less green in the upper parts and duller edges to the primaries. ‘ Wing measurements: : kal, 6 & 64-67.5; 3 Q 59.5-62.5 mm. occipitalis, 20 o 64-70 mm., winter; 7 o& 62.5-68; 2 2 59, 60 mm., summer. Prinia sylvatica palniensis, new subspecies. Type.—o taken at Kodaikanal, Palni Hills, on March 12, 1937, by W. Koelz. Wing 52 mm.; tail 60.5 mm. Paratypes.—A male (wing 52.5; tail 62 mm.), a female (wing 50; tail 58 mm.), from the type locality on about the same date; 2 males (wing 55, 56; tail 70, 69 mm.), and a female (wing 53; tail 61 mm.), from Oatacamund, Nilgiri Hills, taken February 15 and 16, 1937. These birds are all in winter plumage. One of the Palni males had begun molting. Baker: New Fauna, gives the type locality as the Seegore Pass, Nilgiri Hills, which designation Whistler (J. B. N. H.S., XXXVI, p. 575) accepts. Jerdon (Madras Jour. Lit. Soc. Vol. XI, p. 4, 1840) says, however, in his description, ‘‘I have only seen this species hitherto . . . in the Seegore Pass . . .,” and gives the wing measurement as 2.4 inches (61 mm.). The bird of the Nilgiris is a small form, with a shorter wing than the bird of the lower elevations. Whistler gives for the birds of the Palkonda and Seshachalam Hills wing measurements of 12 & 56-63.5; 2 Q 51.5-54 mm., and he includes (1. c., p. 721) the birds of Hyderabad State and Bombay Presidency (Nasik, Mahableshwar) with thisform. I have seen specimens only from Sidhout, Madras Presidency, located in about the center of this range, and these fit Whistler’s description. It seems likely then that Jerdon’s description refers rather to the race in the surrounding lowland than to the Nilgiri race, and the former may be considered typical sylvatica. Palniensis differs further from it in having a more conspicuous supercilium and a much smaller bill. Prinia sylvatica mahendrae, new subspecies. Type.— & (wing 62 mm.) taken on Mahendra Giri, Orissa, January 24, 1937, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—2 males taken at about the same time. Wing measurements: 60.5, 61 mm. Compared with any of the other races of India, this is in winter plumage dark cinnamon brown, rather than grey-brown or fulvous, and it has a longer tail: 77, 79, 81 mm., as compared with 65—-72.5 mm. for 12 o of sylvatica (ex Whistler, 1. c.). The underparts, especially the sides, are much greyer. Oriolus oriolus baltistanicus, new subspecies. Type.—A female in first. year plumage (wing 141.5 mm.) taken at Dagoni, Baltistan, on August 25, 1936, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—a “rrvoutils from Skardo, August 15, 1936; two in fines year Koelz—New Birds from Asia, Chiefly from India. 73 plumage, and one adult male from Shigar, August 19 to 21, 1936; one in first year plumage from Kapalu, August 28, 1936. Compared with specimens of kundoo in my collection from Afghanistan (summer) and India (winter), the two adult males average less golden. The other specimens are in the early plumage that shows white below, streaked with black. These have much less yellow on the breast than kuwndoo in similar plumage, and the white is clearer, or greyer, with no buff. Above the tone is greener, less yellow. Compared with turkestanicus in similar plumage (Shiburghan, Afghani- stan, September 10, 1937, female, wing 154 mm.; Pitug, Ladakh, Septem- ber 20 and 21, 1936, males, wing 160 mm.), this race is smaller, the under- parts are whiter, and the upper parts are not so green. Wing measurements: baltistanicus, 7 specimens 134.5-146 mm. kundoo, 29 specimens 133-147 mm. Temenuchus pagodarum afghanorum, new subspecies. Type.—Adult o (wing 109 mm.), taken at Tagau, Afghanistan, on June 8, 19387, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—4 specimens taken at Mamakhel, May 20 to 24, 1937; 3 from Chandau, on June 7, 1937. Compared with breeding specimens in my collection of pagodarwm from Nilambur (near the type locality=“ Malabar”), and from Cuddapah, Madras Presidency, these are more grey, less brown, and are generally paler, especially on the wing coverts and the outer vane of the secondaries. The pale edgings of the long feathers of the collar are more conspicuous. The wing averages longer. The distal white of the outer rectrix is generally less extensive. FR Birds from the Kangra District in the Punjab Hills are most like this form, likewise two specimens from Udaipur. From Lucknow I have four specimens that are dark grey, the darkest of any I have seen. A series from Londa, Bombay Presidency, is similar. For these birds Hodgson’s sylvestris of Nepal is probably applicable. Wing measurements: afghanorum, 6 o 107-1138; 2 9 103 mm. pagodarum, 6 o' 102-109, 6 2 98-100.5 mm. Lonchura striata estriata, new subspecies. Type.—Adult female (wing 51 mm.), taken at Jagalbed, Bombay Presi- dency, on February 22, 1938, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—13 specimens from the vicinity of the type locality, taken January 8 to February 24, 1938, and one from Nilambur, Madras Presi- dency, March 2, 1937. Wing measurements: 5 o& 53-55.5;9 9 51-57 mm. Compared with specimens of typical striata from Ceylon in the Rothschild Collection this race has the head striping obsolete or nearly so, and that of the rest of the upper parts obsolescent; the brown of the upper parts, (ey Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. throat, and breast has more admixture of black; the white is duller, with no creamy cast. ‘ Compared with specimens of acuticauda of Nepal, there is no marking on the breast or sides; the tail coverts are nearly uniformly dark; central rectrices are not modified; the color is duskier. Specimens from Mahendra Giri in Southern Orissa agree with Whistler’s Vizagapatam series (Whistler, J. B. N. H. 8S. XXXVI, p. 384): Specimens collected in late January and early February were breeding. Chloris chloris smithae,! new subspecies. Type.—Adult male (wing 91 mm.), taken at Balkh, Afghanistan, Decem- ber 1, 19387, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—A male (wing 90.5 mm.) and 2 females (wing 88.5, 90 mm.) with the same data. Compared with specimens of turkestanica from Syr Darya, Taschkent, and bilkevitcht from Askhabad in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, this form has the feathers of the back and breast in males more heavily tipped and with more of a brown, rather than grey. The yellow of the body is more olive. The yellow edges of the primaries average paler and at the scallop fade into a conspicuous white patch. The wing size is as in bilkevitcht. Erythrina rubicilla eblis, new subspecies. Type.—Breeding o' (wing 122 mm.), taken at Puga, Rupshu, Kashmir, on July 5, 1931, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—18 specimens from the Spiti River Valley, Spiti, Punjab, taken in September, 1933; 5 from the vicinity of the More Plain, Rupshu, taken in August, 1933. Similar to typical severtzovi of which two pairs have been examined from the collection of the Field Museum of Natural History, taken July 3, 1925, on the Sanju River, Tam Karaul, Chinese Turkestan, the type locality as restricted by Hellmayr: F. M. N. H. Publ. 263, 1929, p. 47. These birds are in relatively unworn plumage; the deep carmine edges that in the male come with wear are conspicuous only on the head. Com- paring specimens in comparable plumage, the new form is generally darker, especially on wings and tail, and has longer wing and tail. I have not seen specimens of kobdensis (Northwestern Mongolia), but from Sushkin’s careful description (Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXXVIII, 1925, p. 13) it seems this form, while probably similar in color and tone, is smaller (wing measurements of 26 specimens o 110-119; 9 107-111 mm.). Wing measurements: severtzov, 2 of 118, 115; 2 9 107.5, 108 mm. o& (112) 115-117; 2107-110 mm., ex. Sushkin. eblis, 12 op 119-123; 11 @ 111-117 mm. 1 Named for my friend Miss Geneva Smithe. Koelz—New Birds from Asia, Chiefly from India. 75 Erythrina rubicilla diabolica, new subspecies. Type.—Adult & (wing 118 mm.), taken at Sanglech, Afghanistan, July 27, 1937, by W. Koelz. Topotype.—adult female, July 26, 1937, wing 109 mm. Compared with topotypical severtzovi in Field Museum of Natural History from Sanju River, Chinese Turkestan, and with typical rubicilla from the Caucasus in the Rothschild Collection, this form has a larger bill. It is intermediate in color between the two forms except that the males have the white spotting on the head restricted in extent as in rubicilla. Hirundo rustica afghanica, new subspecies. Type.—Breeding male (wing 128 mm.) taken at Baghlan, Afghanistan, July 1, 1937, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—An adult from the type locality on the same date; a juvenile from Mamakhel on May 23 and one from Laghman on May 25; an adult from Charakar on June 11; two adults and two juveniles from Gardez on June 15 and 16; two juveniles from Baghlan on July 1; a juvenile from Girishk on October 27. Wing measurements of adults: 3 o’ 119-128; 3 9 119-124 mm. Similar to typical rustica except that the underparts and under wing coverts and axillaries are paler, as in gutturalis. I should assume that my specimens had faded were not birds from Sind in fresh plumage taken in January, along with specimens of gutturalis, just as pale. Anthus hodgsoni burzil, new subspecies. Type.—Breeding male (wing 85 mm.), taken on August 5, 1936, on Burzil Pass on the edge of the Deosai Plain, Kashmir, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—3 adults and a juvenile from the same locality on the same date; a breeding female from Pukar, Lahul, taken June 23, 1936; a breeding male from Koksar, Lahul, taken July 23, 1930. These birds are in dull breeding plumage from which most of the green has faded, but they show one character that separates them from typical hodgsoni, the winter resident of the lower Himalayas (Kulu, Darjiling), and from inopinatus, the winter resident of India (Nilgiris, Bombay Presi- dency); i. e., the bill is much heavier. They agree with the former in being heavily streaked above. Motacilla maderaspatensis kangrae, new subspecies. Type.—Adult & (wing 97.5 mm.), taken at Bhadwar, Kangra District, Punjab, April 25, 1933, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—16 specimens in the collection of the University of Michigan Museum: from Bajaura, Kulu, and Bhadwar in the Kangra District; from Lahore; from the Hissar District, all in the Punjab; from Rampur State, Simla Hills. Compared with specimens of typical maderaspatensis from South India and Ceylon in my collection and the Rothschild Collection, this form never has 76 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. the upper parts so deep black, and the sides have less of a sooty wash. The tail is shorter: Wing measurements: kangrae, 12 & (92) 95-100. 5;5 2 91 (94) mm. maderaspatensis, 9 o' 99-101.5 (106); 6 2 92.5-97.5 mm. Tail measurements: kangrae, 12 & (91) 95-102; 5 9 90-96 mm. maderaspatensis, 6 o 99-103 (107); 6 9 98.5-103 mm. . Mirafra cantillans bangsi, new subspecies. Type.—Adult & (wing 86 mm.), taken March 25, 1937, at Hospet, Madras Presidency, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—3 specimens with the same data. Ruddier than cantzllans of Bengal, throughout. Wing measurements: 2 o’ 81, 86; 2 9 82 mm. (all birds moulting). Galerida malabarica propinqua, new subspecies. Type.—Breeding & (wing 95mm.), taken at Londa, Bombay Presidency, on February 5, 1938, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—20 specimens taken between January 11 and March 5, 1988. Compared with topotypical malabarica in my collection from Tellicherry and Mangalore, taken February 25 and March 1, 1937, this race is less ruddy everywhere below and on the back. The wing is perhaps a little shorter and the biil of lighter weight. I have a juvenile of each race, and the color differences are evident on comparing them. Wing measurements: propinqua, 10 o& 94-99.5; 10 2 89.5-93 mm. malabarica, 3 o& 97-100; 2 2? 89 mm. Specimens taken in early January were breeding and a full-fledged young was taken on January 27. Zosterops palpebrosa remota, new subspecies. Type.—Male (wing 55.5 mm.) taken at Jalalabad, Afghanistan, on De- cember 18, 1937, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—5 specimens taken on the same date. Similar to a series of occzdentis! from Punjab in collection of the Univer- sity of Michigan, but is greener above and somewhat darker below. Wing measurements: remota 4 o' 55-57; 2 9 54, 58 mm. occidentis, 7 & 54-59, 4 2 53-57 (Punjab hills). Zosterops palpebrosa palniensis, new subspecies. Type.—Male (wing 54 mm.) taken at Kodaikanal, Palni Hills, flames 1, 1937, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—4 specimens taken on the same date. 1 If Baker’s restriction of the type locality of palpebrosa to Orissa is valid, then occidentis is probably a synonym of palpebresa. Koelz—New Birds from Asia, Chiefly from India. is Wing measurements: 3 0 54-56; 2 2 54, 55.5 mm. Compared with topotypical specimens of nilgiriensts in my collection, the Palni Hills race is much less yellow, more green above and duller on the throat. The bill is larger. It differs from egregia of Ceylon in the same way and is, in addition, much greyer below. I have specimens from Londa, Bombay Presidency, that are probably salimalii. These differ from nilgiriensis in about the same way as palniensis differs from nilgiriensis, so that the contrast between palniensis and salimali is pronounced. Arachnothera longirostra vantynei, new subspecies. Type.—Breeding male (wing 66 mm.) taken at Jagalbed, Bombay Presi- dency, on March 4, 1938, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—3 females taken in or near the type locality from March 2 to 6, 1938. Wing measurements: 57-60 mm. The Rothschild Collection has a female from North Cachar, which may be considered topotypical of longirostra and four other specimens from Malaya. These differ from my specimens in having a larger bill and in being more green above and below, especially on the breast. Piprisoma agile saturatior, new subspecies. Type.—Adult male (wing 62 mm.), taken at Londa, Bombay Presidency, on February 9, 1938, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—12 specimens taken from January 11, to March 12, 1938. Compared with specimens of agile in my collection and that of the Uni- versity of Michigan Museum, from Sanchi in Bhopal and from Punjab, these birds are darker and have stronger pectoral striping. The wing averages shorter. Wing measurements: saturatior, 7 o 55.5-62; 6 9 58.5-62 mm. agile, 12 & 61-65; 8 9 59-64 mm. Two Nilgiri males measure 63 mm. They are dark like saturatior. Jerdons vireoides (Madr. Jour. Lit. Sci. XI, 1840) probably came from the Eastern Ghats. Birds taken in late February were breeding. Pitta brachyura pulchra, new subspecies. Type.—Adult # (wing 109 mm.), taken at Bhadwar, Kangra, Punjab, May 15, 1933, by W. Koelz. U. M. M. Z. No. 77452. Topotype.-—Male (wing 106 mm.), taken May 12, 1933, in the same collection. Compared with specimens of brachyura from Ceylon in the Rothschild Collection, and from Malabar and Londa, Bombay Presidency, in my collection, this race is generally paler; the lateral crown streaks are greyer, less brown; the back is purer green, less brown. 78 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Brachypternus benghalensis woodi,! new subspecies. Type.—Female (wing 148 mm.), taken at Jagalbed, Bombay Presidency, on February 23, 1938, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—13 specimens taken in or near the one locality between January 27 and March 5, 1938. Wing measurements: 7 @ 147-153;7 @ (189) 145-150 mm. This race agrees with tehminae, of which I have a specimen from Man- galore, in having the rump and wing extensively clouded with the color of | the back, the shoulder spotting obsolescent, the underparts stained. It differs from that form and from all the other forms of peninsular India in having the yellow of the back strongly tinged with red, and in having the feathers of the neck between the throat and breast unspotted or with the white much reduced. ‘These characters are strongest in evidence in females. The crown spotting in these tends also to be reduced in quantity. Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus socialis, new subspecies. Type.—Adult male (wing 151 mm.) taken at Jagalbed, Bombay Presi- dency on February 22, 1938. Topotypes.—10 males and 8 females taken between January 14 and March 12, 1938. Whistler (J. B. N. H. S. XX XVII) shows that the name chersonesus is applicable to the race of this woodpecker found in South India. My specimens from Bombay Presidency, however, do not agree with Malayan chersonesus Kloss (Singapore I.). Compared with Malayan birds in the Rothschild Collection the new race is more olive, less golden on the back, especially in males; the red crown of males is duller; the brown of the forehead in both sexes is more extensive; the white spots of the crown in females average smaller. The size is about the same as my chersonesus but not like Kloss’ measurements of 142-150 mm. Wings of ten males of socialas measure 151-159; eight females 152-162 mm. Xantholaema haemacephala confusa, new subspecies. Type.—Breeding o” (wing 81 mm.), taken at Londa, Bombay Presidency, January 18, 1938, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—7 specimens taken January 11 to 23, 1938. Whistler (B. N. H. 8. J. XX XVII, p. 517) is apparently right in consider- ing lutea of Pondicherry a synonym of indica of Bengal. My specimens from Bengal, U. P., Punjab (plains and foothills), Hast Madras, and the Nilgiris, virtually all winter birds, are similar. I find, however, that at Londa occurs a race that is much less yellow throughout. The back is rather grass-green than yellow-green, the throat is paler, and the breast and belly have the yellow wash much reduced. The streaking of the under parts is darker. Two specimens from Kodur, Madras Presidency, are intermediate, and two from Patna, Bihar, are near this form. Wing measurements: 3 o7 80-82.5; 5 9 (72) 77.5-80 mm. 1 Named for my friend Norman A. Wood. Koelz—New Birds from Asia, Chiefly from India. 79 Alcemerops athertoni brevicaudata, new subspecies. Type.—Male (W 131, T 123 mm.), American Mus. N. H. No. 642636, taken January 2, 1904, at Cheteriana, Hainan, Katsumata Coll. Paratypes.—5 males and 8 females from various Hainan localities, taken chiefly in September (fresh plumage) and January. Compared with winter specimens from the Nilgiris, Bombay Presidency, and Darjeling, the new form has the tail shorter, the brown on the belly richer, the azure on the beard more conspicuous, and more yellow in the plumage green. Tail measurements: athertoni, 3 o& 137-141.5; 3 9 129-137. brevicaudata, 5 of 123-130; 7 9 125-128 (132) mm. Ceryle rudis afghanistanica, new subspecies. Type.—Adult female (wing 139 mm.) taken May 26, 1937, at Laghman, Afghanistan, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—two females on the same date. Wings: 142, 146 mm. Compared with a pair of leucomelanura (wing o' 132.5, 9 185 mm.) from Ceylon in the Rothschild Collection, the Afghan specimens have broader white edgings to the dark feathers, the dark feathers have a blue-grey cast, the dark pectoral spots are weaker and less extensive, the bill averages shorter and the wing longer. There is, on the average, less black on the secondaries, especially on the inner web. Seven specimens from Londa, Bombay Presidency, appear to be nearest the typical form in color. Nine specimens from Sind and seven from Punjab in the University of Michigan Collection are nearest thisform. The wings however, average shorter; Wing measurements: Sind, 9 specimens 134-139 mm.; Punjab, 3 o 134-138; 4 9 135.5-141.5 mm. Tockus birostris pergriseus, new subspecies. Type.—Female (wing 203 mm.) taken February 13, 1933, at Lahore, Punjab, by W. Koelz. U. M. M. Z. No. 82256. Compared with specimens in my collection from Saba and Hospet in Madras Presidency, and Londa in Bombay Presidency, and from Nepal and Bengal in the Rothschild Collection, this bird is much less brown, es- pecially on the wing coverts, and the grey is deeper. The bill measured from the nostril to the tip is shorter. Bill measurements: pergriseus, 2 63 mm. birostris, 9 69.5, 74, 71, 75 mm.; o 92, 82.5, 81, 87, 71 mm. Harpactes fasciatus legerli, new subspecies. Type.—Adult & collected in the forests at the foot of Mahendra Giri, Orissa, on January 22, 1937, by W. Koelz. 80 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Differs from malabaricus in my collection from Londa, Bombay Presi- dency, the Malabar Coast, and the Nilgiris, in being paler, especially on the back and in having the white of the wing barring more extensive. The wing may average longer. In the single specimen it measures 130.5 mm., while in 20 specimens from the Western Ghats only one has so long a wing. Caprimulgus asiaticus gurgaoni, new subspecies. Type.—American Museum of Natural History No. 633103, male, Hattin, Gurgaon, Cleveland Coll. Paratypes.—3 specimens in the same collection with the same locality data. Wing measurements: 146, 148, 153 mm. Compared with birds from South Canara, Malabar, South Orissa, and Sidhout in Madras Presidency, the Punjab birds are very much paler throughout. Typical asiaticus of Peninsular India appears to be distin- guishable from minor of Ceylon only in having on the average a longer wing. Siamensis is also a smaller form. Tyto alba crypta, new subspecies. Type.—Male (wing 297 mm.), taken at Londa, Bombay Presidency, January 26, 1938, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—A male (262 mm.) and a female (293 mm.) taken at about the same time. Compared with the type and the series of cotypes of stertens in the Roths- child Collection, the new form is darker. It differs from javanica in being greyer above; the brown is duller throughout; the white spots are smaller and the reticulation is probably finer. Otus bakkamoena stewarti,! new subspecies Type.—Adult male (wing 163 mm.), taken at Baijnath, Kangra District, Punjab, on January 16, 1933, by W. Koelz, U. M. M. Z. No. 76261. Paratype.—adult male from Bhadwar, May 7, 1933, wing 160 mm. Compared with plumipes from 8000 feet altitude in the same district, this form is paler and strongly washed tan throughout. On the underparts the dark markings are greatly reduced, the shaft streaks are narrower, and the barring is broken into dots, much as in O. brucez or O. b. lempijit. The toes are nearly bare. It is very like lempzjz of Siam but lempzji is tawnier. Compared with specimens of deserticola from Sind, the latter is much paler, especially below; the markings of the underparts more distinct. The black tipping to the feathers of the throat is especially conspicuous. Aegolius funerea juniperi, new subspecies. Type.—Breeding female (wing 184 mm.), taken at Kyelang, Lahul, Punjab, on June 18, 1936, by W. Koelz. Paratype.—feathered juvenile 9 taken at Jurnat, Lahul, on June 23, 1936. 1 Named for my friend R. E. Stewart. Koelz—New Birds from Asia, Chiefly from India. 81 The tone of coloration is deep hair-brown as in richardsoni, much deeper than in tengmalmi (juvenile and adult). It differs from richardsoni in having (1) whitish, nearly unmarked feet, (2) the abdomen barred, not streaked, (3) a much larger white patch on the ear ruff, (4) the spots of the crown and primaries and the ears duller, not clear white, (5) the scapular spotting less conspicuous, (6) the under tail coverts less streaked. The juvenile, compared with a juvenile of richardsoni from New Bruns- wick in the collection of Mr. Hoyes Lloyd of Toronto, is darker and duller, rather hair-brown than Van Dyke brown. Magna is a much larger and paler race with much more white in the plumage. Buturlin and Dementiev (Systema Avium Rossicarum, 1935) say that all the Asiatic forms, except cawcasicus (Caucasus) and beickianus (North Kansu) have a greyish tone. The exceptions are described as having a dark ground color, probably like juniperi, but from the descriptions available other characteristics appear different. The species has, so far as I know, not been recorded previously from the Indian Empire. Streptopelia orientalis sylvicola, new subspecies. Type.—Breeding male (wing 185 mm.), taken at Castle Rock, Bombay Pres., March 6, 1938, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—4 males and two females taken from March 5-8, 1938. Compared with specimens of agricola from Upper Assam and Tenasserim in the Rothschild Collection, these specimens are similar in coloration, but the wine cast of the under parts is dull, with a light rusty wash, and where in agricola the color extends nearly evenly over the underparts, it is deepest in this race in the-crop region. The back in this race is darker. The females show the differences more strikingly. Wing measurements: 5 oo’ 176-185; 2 2 173, 175 mm. Pterocles orientalis bangsi, new subspecies. Type.—Breeding o (wing 225 mm.) taken with a juvenile near Tolokhan, Afghanistan, on August 28, 1937, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—An adult female and a female in first plumage taken in the type locality on the same date; a male at Ikatut on August 24, 1937; and one at Balkh on September 5, 1937. Compared with specimens of orientalis: winter migrants to Punjab in the University of Michigan Collection, and with winter birds from Syria, Tunis, and Russian Turkestan, and breeding birds of Russian and Chinese Turkestan, Persia, and Algeria in the collections of Mr. H. B. Conover and U. 8. National Museum, and the Rothschild Collection, the male of this form has the spotting of the back and the edgings of the wing coverts more yellow, less ochraceous buff. The general tone of the ground of the back is paler, less black. The female is also paler with less black in the barring of the back and with a broad yellowish wash on the ends of many of the feathers. 82 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Wing measurements: 3 o7 224-228; 9 235 mm. Koslovae is described as differing from orientalis by paler breast in the female; enigmaticus by darker breast and also upper parts. Syrrhaptes tibetanus pamirensis, new subspecies. Type.—Male (wing 267 mm.), taken in June, Akbaital R., Pamirs, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 547727. : Topotype.—a female with the same data. Wing 260 mm. Compared with a large series of topotypical specimens from Ladakh in the American Museum of Natural History and in my collection, among them 12 birds taken in late June and early July, the new race has a paler ground color and the broad tipping of the wing coverts is much paler. The breast is virtually white, not washed with buff. The black bars on the rectrices are narrower and there is more white on the tips. The light area on the inner webs of the inner primaries is more extensive. Burhinus cedicnemus mayri, new subspecies. Type.—Adult & (wing 226 mm.), taken at Londa, Bombay Presidency, on January 26, 1938, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—5 specimens taken from January 20 to March 12, 1938. Compared with specimens of indicus in the Rothschild Collection from Ceylon and Agra, these specimens are much more deeply colored, especially on the breast, neck, and under tail coverts, much as in oedicnemus. The brown of the back and crown is darker and the black streaking is heavier. The white of the wing coverts is duller and more restricted. Wing measurements: mayri, 2 o 210, 226; 4 9 208-217.5 mm. indicus, 15 specimens 205-220 (225), ex Hartert. A female taken on March 12 was incubating. Lobivanellus indicus lankae, new subspecies. Type.—Male (wing 209 mm.), taken at Galgamuwa, Ceylon, on Septem- ber 16, 1922, by D. E. Goonewardine; U. M. M. Z. No. 63888. Paratypes.—one specimen from the same place, and one from “‘Ceylon” in the Michigan University Collection, and one from ‘‘Ceylon” in the Rothschild Collection. Compared with eight topotypical specimens of indicus in my collection from Londa, Bombay Presidency, on the Goa frontier, this form has a much shorter wing; the black of the hind neck extends farther toward the body; the vinous cast of the back is stronger. Wing measurements: lankae, 3 & 201-209; 2 204 mm. indicus, 4 o 218-229; 4 9 212-232 mm. Vol. 52, pp. 83-84 June 5, 1939 PROCEEDINGS eee Pai OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WA THREE NEW BIRDS FROM PARAGUAY. BY PIERCE BRODKOBB. This is the eighth preliminary paper on Paraguayan birds collected by Alberto Schulze for the University of Michigan - Museum of Zoology. Thanks to the kindness of the authorities of the U. 8. National Museum, I was recently able to compare two of the birds described here with the series in Washington. Milvago chimango azarae, subsp. nov. Type-—UMMZ No. 93198; o& ad.; 25 kilometers east of Rosario, Paraguay; June 2, 1937; Schulze and Loesch, orig. no. 3706. Characters.—Similar to Milvago chimango chimango (Vieillot), of Argen- tina and Chile, but smaller; pileum, back, and upper wing coverts darker _ and more sooty (less reddish brown); hind neck and sides of neck darker and grayer; light bars on upper tail coverts with much less rufous, the dark bars blacker; breast and abdomen much darker and sootier (less reddish brown) and with the shaft streaks blackish instead of brown; under tail coverts dull pinkish white instead of pale buff or plain white; dark areas of wings and tail more blackish brown. Wing o& 264, 9 279; tail & 150, 9 161; culmen from cere ¢ 18.5, 9 19.5; tarsus o 57, 2 59; middle toe o& 9 33.5 mm. Remarks.—Vieillot’s Polyborus chimango was based on Azara, who says that this hawk is rare in Paraguay but common on the Rio de la Plata. I accordingly accept the latter place as type locality of chimango. Four specimens of Milvago chimango chimango (both sexes) from Buenos Aires (Quilmes), Rio Negro, Neuquen, and Chile measure as follows: wing 282-312; tail 170-186; culmen from cere 18.5-20.5; tarsus 55.5-59.5; middle toe 35-37 mm. Rhinocrypta lanceolata saturata, subsp. nov. Type-—UMMZ No. 96265; 9 ad.; Kilometer 170, west of Puerto Casado, Paraguay; February 11, 1938; Schulze and Lopez, orig. no. 5391. Characters.—Similar to Rhinocrypta lanceolata lanceolata (I. Geoffroy- St. Hilaire) of western Argentina, but back darker and more brownish; rump and upper tail coverts much darker, light olive brown rather than 19—Proc. Brox. Soc. Wasx., Vou, 52, 1939, (83) SUN 8 1939 84 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. buffy grayish olive; tail blacker; breast a little darker gray; white of pos- terior underparts less pure and more restricted laterally (i. e. narrower); crissum much darker olive brown, less grayish olive; bill longer and more robust (culmen 17.5 mm., against 16—-16.5 mm. in lanceolata). Material examined.—R. |. saturata—2 from the type locality. R. 1. lanceolata—Rio Negro: General Roca 4; Mendoza: Las Cortitas 1, Potreril- los 1, Mendoza 1; Santiago del Estero: Corral 1; ‘‘Pampas Argentinas’’ 1. Turdus rufiventris chacoensis, subsp. nov. Type.—UMMZ No. 93731; o ad.; Kilometer 195, west of Puerto Casado, Paraguay; August 29, 1937; Schulze and Lopez, orig. no. 4367. Characters.—Similar to Turdus rufiventris rufiventris Vieillot of southern Brazil to eastern Argentina, but above more grayish olive, less buffy; throat on average whiter; breast more pearly gray, less buffy. Differs from Turdus rufiventris juensis (Cory), of northeastern Brazil, in being darker above and much less buffy on the breast. Material ecamined.—T. r. chacoensis—Paraguay: Kilometer 195, west of Puerto Casado 2; Kilometer 80, west of Puerto Pinascol. T.r. rufiventris— Bahia 1; Sao Paulo: Itatiba 1; Rio Grande do Sul: Quinta 1; “Brazil” 2. East Paraguay: near Horqueta 5, near Rosario 4, Sapucay 1, Rio Parana 2, unspecified 1. Uruguay: San Vicente 3. Buenos Aires: Lavalle 2, Con- chitas 4, Quilmes 1. Chaco Territory: Resistencia 1, Las Palmas 1. Tucuman: Tafi Viejo 1. T. 7. juensts—Cera: Larvas 1. Vol. 52, pp. 85-88 June 5, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOAN INS TESS g BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WAS TUTON JUNS = 1939 RARE FISHES OFF THE ATLANTIC COAST INCLUDING A NEW GRAMMICOLEPID. BY J. T. NICHOLS! anp F. E. FIRTH? The junior author has been in close touch with fishermen who land their catches at the Boston market, and who, realizing his interest, frequently bring rarities to him. Three such are as follows. Scymnorhinus lichia (Bonnaterre). An individual of this shark taken 178 miles east-by-south of Boston Light Vessel on the northern edge of Georges Bank in 50 fathoms of water, August 19, 1937, by the Steamer Illinois’ mate (J. J. Moran) seems to be the first American record for this species of eastern Atlantic and Medi- terranean waters. It may perhaps be taken as further evidence of the tendency we have mentioned elsewhere for fishes with Mediterranean affinities when they occur in American waters to do so on the continental slope. This specimen measured 5 ft. 1 in. (approx. 1550 mm.) in total length and weighed 231% lbs. fresh with the viscera removed. Xenolepidichthys americanus, new species. Description of type-—No. 14107, American Museum of Natural History, from some 220 miles east-south-east of Boston Lightship at the outer edge of Georges Bank, July 17, 1938, collected by Captail Gil Lafford of the schooner “‘ America.” Length to base of caudal, 100 mm. Depth in this length, 1.314; head, 3.5; longest anal spine, 1.314; caudal, 2.2. Eye in head, 2.4; snout, 3; - interorbital, 3.5; greatest width, 2.5; depth of peduncle, 3.5; pectoral, 1.7; ventral, 1.8; first dorsal spine, 1.2; longest dorsal ray, 2.6; longest anal ray, 2.4. Nieman oa in eye, 2; second el spine, 3.5. : Dorsal rays, V, 33; eel II—34. Scales crossing lateral line, about 110. Gill-rakers, about 20, short and close spaced. Body deep and eel compressed, irregularly sii shaped, slanting upward to origin of dorsal and downward to origin of anal below 1 Amer. Museum Natural History. 2 U.S. Bureau of Fisheries. 20—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (85) rag Ag 1G2C af Ui ie ; shen Gea, 86 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. it, then backward to the upper and lower bases of caudal peduncle. The lower angle of the body is about twice as far below the line through snout, eye and peduncle, as the upper angle is above it. Eye large, mouth small and oblique, with a single row of small, slender, curved, conical backwardly directed teeth in each jaw. Top of head broadened, with irregular spini- gerous ridges on either side, depressed between them with a deep oval pit in its center above the front of the eye. A ridge above and behind the eye to a strong compressed spine at the upper angle of the opercle. Sides of the body with a number of horizontally flattened spines, some simple, others larger and compound, the largest on either side of the peduncle below the lateral line. These spines seem irregularly placed but mostly correspond on the two sides of the body. Along the upper and lower posterior ridges of the body, there are crests of small sharp irregular spines, at either side of the bases of dorsal and anal rays, also continuous for the considerable space between the second anal spine and first ray. The ventral fin is placed low, a short distance before the anal, which it does not reach. Its spine is moderately strong, curved, serrate on the outer margin. The dorsal spines are weak and the rays all simple; the fin continu- ous but more or less divided, how deeply one can not say as the first two rays (or last two spines) are broken. The first dorsal and anal spines are similar, filamentous with a row of spinules both before and behind toward their bases; the anal, much the longer, extends to opposite the base of the y Fig. 1. Xenolepidichthys americanus, type. Nichols and Firth—Rare Fishes off the Atlantic Coast. 87 caudal fin. The second anal spine is small, stiff, close behind the first, separated from the first ray by a distance equal to the diameter of the eye. The caudal is long, pointed, with some of the upper rays filamentous, the lower also lengthened to form a slight fork. The scales are parchment-like, linear, vertical, much elongate, each marked with several more or less vertical and papillose ridges. They become shorter on the nape, relatively short and somewhat spinigerous on the peduncle, and are arranged cross-wise on the branchiostegal region. They are present on the head, except for its top, the snout and lower jaw which are scaleless. The lateral line is strongly arched in front and straight from about the middle of the body backward. Color in alcohol pale with a series of dark marks on the mid-line of the back, and about 10 narrow dark bars extending downward from these to the level of the top of the eye. Further down on the sides there is a double lengthwise series of three or more very faint dark blotches. The flattened spines scattered over the body are blackish. Base of anal with a series of dusky blotches, and posterior part of caudal dusky. This singular fish is so like Xenolepidichthys dalgleishi Gilchrist from South Africa that it seems best to describe it in that genus rather than to make it the type of another monotypic grammicolepid genus. Obvious differences consist of horizontally flattened spines scattered over the body, much longer anterior filamentous dorsal and anal spines, and a long pointed versus short approximately truncate caudal. The first two characters are such as are sometimes subject to intraspecific variation of one sort or another, and there is a possibility of a short caudal being derived from a long by break- age. One may not safely judge how distantly or how closely related this fish is to the South African form without comparing specimens of about equal size, but there can be little doubt that it is a different, well-marked, undescribed species. The single specimen had been swimming about a swordfisherman for two days, was caught in a bucket, and presented to Mr. Firth at Boston. The name americanus seems appropriate as the schooner’s name was “‘ America,” and nothing like it has been recorded previously from American waters. Chaetodon aya Jordan. A specimen of this rare butterfly-fish was taken in an otter-trawl net 8 miles southwest of Diamond Shoal Light Vessel, North Carolina, Feb- ruary 6, 1937; and was sent to Mr. Firth by fishermen who know these waters well, as something very new and strange to them. Apparently the species is known previously only from small specimens taken in the Gulf of Mexico, the only definite record for it with which we are familiar being that of the type, 114 inches long, from the stomach of a red snapper caught in rather deep water near Pensacola. The fauna from corresponding depths off the Carolinas may be more uniform with the bank fauna of the Gulf than would seem likely offhand. Our specimen is a grown fish measuring 85 mm. in length to base of caudal. Depth in this length, 1.7, head, 2.9. Eye in head, 3.4; snout, 2.6; 88 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. interorbital, 3.6; depth of peduncle, 3.2; pectoral, 1.4144; ventral, 1.3; longest dorsal spine (3d), 1.0; longest anal spine (2d), 1.7; caudal, 1.7. Dorsal rays, XIII, 19; anal, IIT, 15. Scales (following the course of the lateral line which numbers 27 or 28), about 37. The snout is produced, narrow, with small mouth at its tip, forehead and chin concave, maxillary reaching about half way to eye. Color in preservative pale, a black band from the first two dorsal spines to the eye, continued narrower and fainter from below the eye to behind the maxillary; a very broad black band from the 5th to 10th dorsal spines to the base of the anal; a narrow dusky stripe in the middle of the interorbital from over the center of the eye to the snout. Color notes when fresh give a dark spot on the upper corner of the opercle, faint dark blotch near the posterior margin of the spinous dorsal, back between the black bands, vertical fins and ventrals yellow. UB /) Vol. 52, pp. 89-92 June 5, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON . Za SOWaN INSTT THE NAME OF THE BLE Bi “ { . rat = BY FRANCIS HARPER. \ JUN § = 1939 i The name [Antilope] albifrons was proposed by Burche (Travels Interior Southern Africa, vol. 2, p. 335, 1824) in the following words: “The Blesbok is so called, from having a white mark on its forehead, similar to that which, in horses, is termed, in Dutch, a bles, and by English horsemen a star, or blaze. Late syste- matic writers have applied to the Blesbok the name of Pygarga (White-rump), which, by earlier authors, was intended for the Springbok: and as this name becomes absurd and contradictory when thus used, I have taken the liberty of substituting in its place, that of albzfrons.”’ pL Like other early writers on South African mammals, Burchell did not distinguish between the Bontebok and the Blesbok, and it is obvious that he proposed albifrons merely as a substitute name for Antilope pygargus Pallas (1767) (modified to A. pygarga by Pallas in 1777). He makes this still clearer in the following passage from a later work (List Quadrupeds Brought by Mr. Burchell from Southern Africa 1817, p. 5, 1836 ?): “Antilope Pygarga. (1.) Antilope albifrons of ‘Trav.’ vol. ii. p. 335. The Blesbok of the Colonists, and sometimes Bontebok. Shot near Zwel- lendam, on the 17th January, 1815, and the species is now become very scarce.” An apparent remnant of the above-mentioned specimen, which may be regarded as the type of albifrons, is listed by Lydekker and Blaine (Cat. Ungulate Mammals Brit. Mus., vol. 2, p. 35, 1914) among the specimens of Damaliscus pygargus, as follows: ‘644, a. Single horn. Swellendam (7), Cape Colony; collected 17/1/1815. Presented by Dr. W. J. Burchell about 1817.” 1 The present communication is a by-product of an investigation of extinct and vanishing mammals, which has been sponsored by the American Committee for International Wild Life Protection and supported in part by a grant from the Penrose Fund of the American Philosophical Society. 21—Proc, Bron. Soc. WasH., Von. 52, 19389, (89) JUN 8 1990 90 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. The explanation given by Sclater and Thomas (Book of Antelopes, vol. 1, p. 80, 1895) for their acceptance of the name albifrons is not at all satis- factory. The locality indicated.by Burchell—Swellendam—was inhabited only by the Bontebok, and not by the Blesbok (cf. Selous, in Bryden, Great and Small Game of Africa, pp. 175-177, 1899; W. L. Sclater, Mammals South Africa, vol. 1, p. 143, 1900; Selous, The Gun at Home and Abroad, the Big Game of Africa & Europe, pp. 83-84, 1914). Thus Burchell’s name albifrons never did apply to any species but the Bontebok, and it must be discarded as a synonym of Antilope pygargus Pallas, which is currently placed in the genus Damaliscus. Accordingly I propose for the Blesbok the name of Damaliscus phillipsi, sp. nov. Type.—No. 35443, Museum of Comparative Zodlogy; adult male, skin and skull (most of palate and left maxilla, and part of left mandible, lacking); Orange Free State; collected July 28, 1935, by P. Andreka; collector’s no. 1958d. Characters.—Very similar to Damaliscus pygargus (Pallas), but of a generally lighter color and without the prominent white rump-patch of the latter. Description of type.—Face blaze extending from eyes to nostrils, two- thirds as wide as long, Cream Color,? with a Y-shaped mark, not sharply defined, of Cinnamon-Buff in the middle; a narrower, buffy white median stripe extending from the forehead, between the horns, to the occiput; a narrow (15-mm.) band of Chestnut at the level of the eyes separating the two light areas; rest of head and neck mainly Chestnut, with admixture of some whitish hairs, especially about the lips, eyes, and base of ears; color gradually changing on median dorsal area of neck to Sayal Brown; ears turned inside out in the tanned skin and not available for description; a broad median dorsal area of Rood’s Brown extending from shoulders to rump, and gradually changing on sides to Vandyke Brown; a triangular rump-patch Auburn, with a narrow posterior border of white; tail black, with a few scattered white hairs; extreme base of tail Light Buff; under parts light Chestnut anteriorly, white posteriorly; legs mainly Sepia; a broad stripe of buffy white commencing on anterior side of foreleg above the knee and extending down inner side of lower leg to the hoofs; a similar stripe passing down front of thigh and inner side of hind leg below the hock to the pastern; a narrow strip of Ochraceous-Tawny hairs in the cleft above . the front hoofs. Head and body, 1480 mm.; tail, 260; hind foot, 420; ear, 170; height at shoulder, 1020. Skull extremely similar in size and proportions to that of Damaliscus pygargus; basilar length from tip of premaxilla to inferior lip of foramen magnum, 287; zygomatic width, 123; interorbital width, 78; greatest length of nasals, 132; maxillary tooth-row at alveolar border, 82. Teeth little worn. 2 Capitalized names of colors according to Ridgway’s Color Standards and Color Nomen- clature (1912), Harper—The Name of the Blesbok. 91 Horns averaging a little longer and stouter than in D. pygargus; longi- tudinal axes of basal parts of horns lying in a plane parallel to that of the upper surface of the frontals, whereas in D. pygargus they are inclined for- ward at a slight angle from this plane; horns diverging and also curving slightly backwards for about two-thirds of the length, then converging and curving slightly upwards to the tips; basal two-thirds somewhat com- pressed, with 13 more or less complete rings (most of them very prominent, especially anteriorly); apical third rounded; horns blackish, rings pale anteriorly. Length of horns along front curve, 385 (right) and 394 (left); basal circumference, 166 (right) and 165 (left); distance between tips, 204. Remarks.—An adult female from Orange Free State (No. 35444, Mus. Comp. Zodl.) is generally similar to the type male, but not quite so richly colored; face blaze buffy white, continuous with a stripe of the same color on forehead and crown’; ears covered with buffy white hairs, very short on external surface; triangular rump-patch Sayal Brown, with a narrow pos- terior border of white; under parts white, with a light Chestnut band across the chest and a narrow border of the same color on the lower flanks. Head ’ and body, 1480; tail, 220; hind foot, 410; ear, 160; height at shoulder, 980. Length of horns along front curve, 308 (right) and 298 (left); basal cir- cumference, 125 (right) and 120 (left); distance between tips, 147. Teeth somewhat worn. — In days long past the Blesbok “‘was an inhabitant of the plains to the south of the Orange River in the eastern part of the Cape Colony, and of all the open country to the north of that river in the territories now known as the Orange River Colony, the Transvaal and Bechuanaland” (Selous, op. cit., p. 84). The Blesbok is now extinct in the wild state, but some thousands of individuals are preserved on farms in Orange Free State and the Transvaal as well as in the Somerville Reserve in the former state. There is also a small herd in the Giant’s Castle Game Reserve in Natal. The species is named in memory of Dr. John C. Phillips, and in recog- nition of his efforts to conserve the dwindling mammalian faunas of the world for the benefit of posterity as well as of our own generation. Specimens examined.—Besides the two specimens described above, the following material in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia has been examined: a mounted head, a skull, and a set of horns purchased in Kimberley, Cape Province; a mounted head and a set of horns from ‘‘South Africa”; and two skins and skulls from the Zoological Society of Philadelphia. 3 The continuity of these two whitish areas appears to be somewhat exceptional. Selous remarks (op. cit., p. 84) that as a rule they “‘are separated by a band of brown of varying width.” UG s/— Vol. 52, pp. 93-96 June 5, 1939 PROCEEDINGS eer OF THE ; Za geonian IN STS ~ INGTON BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WA TWO NEW SHREWS FROM WEST-CENTRAL CALIFORNIA. BY JACK C. VON BLOEKER, JR. Los Angeles Museum. In the summer of 1936, while trapping mammals in Monterey County, California, the writer procured a shrew of the Sorex ornatus group from the salt-marsh at the mouth of the Salinas River. Comparative examination of the specimen at the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley, California, indicated that it differed appreciably from other known Californian races of the group. It was therefore determined that an attempt should be made to obtain additional specimens for comparison. Subsequent field operations in the salt-marshes bordering Monterey Bay have proven successful and reveal the presence in that region not only of an hitherto unknown race of the Sorex ornatus group of shrews, but one of the Sorex vagrans group as well. These two new subspecies may be named and diagnosed as: Sorex vagrans paludivagus, subsp. nov. PALUSTRINE WANDERING SHREW. Type.—o adult, skin and skull, no. 5053, Los Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art, from the salt-marsh at the mouth of Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing, Monterey County, California, November 3, 1938, collected by Jack C. von Bloeker, Jr., orig. no. 9456. Distribution.—In so far as known, confined to coastal salt-marsh areas in west-central California, from San Gregorio, San Mateo County, south at least to Seaside Lagoon, Monterey County. Probably also occurs in the salt-marshes on the seaward side of the San Francisco Peninsula as far north as Rockaway Beach, San Mateo County, and on the Monterey Peninsula as far south as Point Pinos, Monterey County. Diagnosis.—A moderately large (see measurements), darkly colored, 22—Proc, Biot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (98) JUM 8 198) On”. Y \\ *% }) ; / 94 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. long-tailed shrew of the vagrans group, pelage shining black dorsally and mouse gray ventrally, ears brown, tail unicolor, light seal brown; skull short and relatively broad in eranial region, narrow in rostral region. Comparisons.—Compared with Sorex vagrans vagrans, larger in external measurements, color darker (winter-taken skins of vagrans being lighter in color than summer-taken skins of paludivagus); skull actually and relatively shorter and broader, palatal length and interorbital breadth greater, cranial height less. Compared with Sorex vagrans halicoetes, larger in external measurements, color darker (winter-taken skins of halicoetes average slightly darker than summer-taken skins of paludivagus); skull actually and relatively shorter, broader cranially and narrower rostrally, palatal length greater, maxillary breadth and cranial height less, maxillary tooth row shorter. Color (using color terms from Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, 1912).—Type (in winter pelage): Dorsal hairs with basal portions dark neutral gray, extremely narrow subterminal bands ivory yellow, terminal portions black; ventral hairs slate color basally, tipped with deep mouse gray; hairs of ears bone brown; tail unicolor, hairs near light seal brown; hairs at base of vibrissae and vibrissae in basal two-thirds black, apical portions of vibrissae cinereous. In summer pelage the hairs of the sides are bone brown in the sonia minal bands, leaving a sharply defined darker dorsal band which approaches the dark coloration of the dorsal and lateral regions of winter-taken specimens; ventrally the hairs are tipped with clove brown, as opposed to the deep mouse gray of the ventral pelage of winter-taken specimens. Measurements (in millimeters).—Averages and extremes of six adults (4 males and 2 females), including the type and five paratypes: Total length, 115 (118-118); tail, 46.5 (42-48); hind foot, 14.5 (14-15). Skull: Condylobasal length, 16.3 (16.1-16.5); palatal length, 6.6 (6.4-6.7); cranial breadth, 8.2 (8.1-8.3); height of cranium, 4.8 (4.6-4.9); ratio, height to breadth of cranium, 58.5%; interorbital breadth, 3.4 (8.2-3.5); maxillary breadth, 4.5 (4.4-4.6); maxillary tooth row, 5.6 (5.5-5.7). Specimens examined.—Seven, from the following localities in California: Monterey County: Moss Landing, 21; mouth of Salinas River, 2?; Seaside, 12. San Mateo County: San Gregorio, 23. Sorex ornatus salarius, subsp. nov. SALINE MARSH SHREW. Type.— Q adult, skin and skull, no. 81548, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, from the salt-marsh at the mouth of the Salinas River, Monterey County, California, August 13, 1937, collected by Jack C. von Bloeker, Jr., orig. no. 8504. | Distribution.—In so far as known, restricted to the coastal salt-marshes and adjacent sandhill regions of Monterey and Carmel bays in Monterey 1 One in O. P. Silliman collection. 2 0. P. Silliman collection. 3 Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. von Bloeker, Jr.—Shrews from West-Central California. 95 County, California, from Moss Landing south to Carmel and east to Sugarloaf Peak, near the northwest base of the Gabilan Range. Diagnosis.—A small (see measurements), darkly colored, long-tailed shrew of the ornatus group, pelage sepia color dorsally and drab gray ventrally; tail bicolor, seal brown above, cinereous below; skull short and relatively broad; brain-case relatively low and flat-topped. Comparisons.—Compared with Sorex ornatus ornatus, smaller in external measurements, color darker; skull shorter and relatively broader. Com- pared with Sorex ornatus californicus, external measurements longer, color darker; skull relatively broader and cranial height less. Compared with Sorex ornatus relictus, smaller throughout, color paler. Compared with Sorex ornatus salicornicus, tail shorter, otherwise averages larger through- out; pelage of summer-taken skins darker, of winter-taken skins paler. Compared with Sorex sinuosus, externally smaller, color paler; skull averages broader and higher cranially. Color.—Type (in summer pelage): Dorsal hairs with basal portions slate color, subterminal bands sepia, apical portions black; ventral hairs slate color basally, broadly tipped with drab gray; tail bicolor, dorsal hairs of tail seal brown, ventral hairs of tail, hairs of upper surface of hind feet and nasal vibrissae cinereous. In winter pelage the dorsal body hairs are more broadly tipped with black and the ventral body hairs are narrowly tipped with smoke gray. Measurements.—Averages and extremes of nine adults (7 males and 2 females), including the type and eight paratypes: Total length, 97 (95-101); tail, 34 (82-35); hind foot, 12 (12). Skull: Condylobasal length, 16.3 (16.1-16.4); palatal length, 6.3 (6.2-6.5); cranial breadth, 8.2 (8.18.3); height of cranium, 4.6 (4.5-4.7); ratio, height to breadth of cranium, 56%; interorbital breadth, 3.3 (8.2-3.4); maxillary breadth, 4.6 (4.5-4.7); maxil- lary tooth row, 5.9 (5.7-6.0). Specimens examined.—Ten, from the following localities in Monterey County, California: Moss Landing (salt-marsh), 2; mouth of Salinas River (salt-marsh), 34; Point Pinos (salt-marsh), 2; Carmel (sandhills), 15; mouth of El Toro Canyon (sandhills), 15; Sugarloaf Peak, 3 miles north-northeast of Natividad (sandhills), 1°. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Bairp, S. F. 1857. Mammals of North America; the descriptions of species based chiefly on the collections in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. U. 8. Pac. R. R. Expl. and Surv., 8 : i-xxxiv— 1-764, 87 pls. GRINNELL, J. 1913. The species of the mammalian genus Sorex of west-central Cali- fornia, with a note on the vertebrate palustrine faunas of the region. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 10 : 179-195, 6 figs. in text. 4 Type in Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, two in O. P. Silliman collection. & O. P. Silliman collection. 96 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 1932. A relic shrew from California. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 38 : 389— 390. Jackson, H. H. T. 1928. A taxonomic review of the American long-tailed shrews (genera Sorex and Microsorex). U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Biol. Surv., N. Am. Fauna, 51 : 1-288, 13 pls., 24 figs. incl. 19 maps) in text. Merriam, C. H. 1895. Synopsis of the American shrews of the genus Sorex. U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ornithology and Mammalogy, N. Am. Fauna, 10 : 57— 124, pls. 4-12. Von Biorxer, J. C., Jr. 1932. Three new mammals from salt-marsh areas in southern California. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45 : 131-138. UO £) Vol. 52, pp. 97-98 June 5, 1939 PROCEEDINGS ———————_— OF THE AN ZG SONIAN INSTR BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF W HINGTON A NEW APLOPAPPUS FROM THE DEATH VALLEY REGION, CALIFORNIA. BY 8. F. BLAKE. Dr. Ivan M. Johnston has recently sent me for study two collections of Aplopappus made by Mr. M. French Gilman on the summit of Telescope Peak in the Panamint Mountains of California. They prove to represent, as Dr. Johnston suspected a very distinct new species, which may be described as follows: Aplopappus gilmanii Blake, sp. nov. Suffrutex pedalis ramosus foliosus resinosus glaber; folia spathulata parva sessilia hamata acuta cuspidata 1-nervia epunctata; capitula medi- ocria apicibus ramorum solitaria vel 2-3 cymosa subsessilia vel lateralia breviter pedunculata radiata alba; involucri 5-6-seriati gradati 7-9 mm. alti phyllaria exteriora suborbicularia ad ovalia v. oblonga chartacea appendice subaequali lanceolata v. subulata herbacea squarrosa v. reflexa donata, intima oblonga chartacea obtusa v. ema achenia dense erecto-pilosa. Much branched undershrub ‘12-15 inches high, 20-24 inches broad’”’; branches divergent to erectish, the older with dark gray fissured bark, the younger yellowish- or greenish-white; leaves alternate, often with axillary fascicles, the internodes mostly 2-4 mm. long; blades spatulate, 6-8 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide, often conduplicate, coriaceous, light green, entire, resinous, the resin often aggregated in form of globules; branches or peduncles leafy essentially to apex, the heads subtended by 2 or 3 reduced leaves shorter than the involucre; heads slenderly campanulate, 8-12 mm. high, 9-12 mm. wide; disk 5-7 mm. wide; involucre 5-6-seriate, graduate, 7-9 mm. high, glabrous but resinous, the phyllaries 24-25, the 3-4 outer series with suborbicular or broadly ovate to oval or oblong-oval, char- taceous, whitish, l-nerved base with narrower, subscarious, ciliolate margin, abruptly and subtruncately contracted into a longer to shorter, lanceolate to subulate, acuminate and weakly cuspidate, widely squarrose or reflexed, coriaceous-herbaceous appendage, the 2 inner series oblong, chartaceous throughout, obtuse or abruptly short-pointed, appressed, 23—Proc. Broun. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (97) JUN 8 1932 98 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. without appendage; receptacle fimbrillate; rays 6, pistillate, white, spread- ing, the tube slender, 3.5-4 mm. long, puberulous chiefly above the middle with clavellate hairs, the lamina oval, 3-denticulate, 4-nerved, glabrous, 5-5.3 mm. long, 2.3-3 mm. wide; disk flowers 16-18, fertile, their corollas white, puberulous with clavallate hairs on lower part of throat, 7.2-7.5 mm. long (tube 2.2 mm., throat slenderly funnelform, 3.7-4 mm., teeth 5, triangular-ovate, erectish, 1-1.3 mm. iong); achenes (not mature) sub- cylindric, 5-ribbed, densely erect-pilose, 3.2-3.8 mm. long; pappus of about 30-38 rather fragile whitish hispidulous bristles up to 6.5 mm. long, some- what graduate, the outermost only 2.5 mm. long; style branches 2.3-2.6 mm. long, the lance-subulate appendage 1-1.3 mm. long, equaling or very slightly shorter than the stigmatic area; anther tips lance-subulate. CALIFORNIA: Summit of Telescope Peak, Panamint Range, Death Valley region, Inyo Co., alt. 3370 m. (11045 ft.), 25 Aug. 1938, M. French Gilman 3297 (type, Gray Herb.); same data, Gzlman 3298 (Gray Herb.) A species of the section Aszris of Hall, nearest Aplopappus resinosus (Nutt.) Gray of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, which likewise is abnormal in the genus in having white corollas, but readily distinguished from it and the few related species by the conspicuous, abruptly narrowed, widely squarrose or reflexed herbaceous tips of all but the innermost phyllaries. PO Ee ah ore Vol. 52, pp. 99-100 June 5, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHI A PLEISTOCENE PORPOISE (TURSIOPS SP.) FROM MARYLAND. BY 8. F. BLAKE. On 3 July 1938 Mr. F. Stearns MacNeil and I discovered the remains of a porpoise in the lowest bed (Bed 1 of Mansfield)' of the Talbot formation of the Pleistocene at Wailes Bluff, St. Marys Co., Maryland. The material collected consisted of 1 middle and 2 anterior ribs and 9 vertebrae, approximately the 3d, 5th, and 11th dorsal, the 6th, 8th, 12th, and 13th lumbar, and the 1st and 2d caudal. All the bones were close together in the bank, except 2 vertebrae found on the beach close by, and obviously belong to a single individual. Mr. Gerrit S. Miller and Dr. Remington Kellogg have identified the specimen as Tursiops sp., near 7. truncatus (Montague), but probably not identical with that species. The bones have been given to the United States National Museum (no. 15727, Div. Vert. Paleont.). A single anterior lumbar vertebra, presumably from the same individual, which I collected in October 1938 on the beach at essentially the same locality is in my own collection. The remains of fossil porpoises of several other genera are common in the Miocene of Maryland, but no specimen has previously been found in the Pleistocene deposits of the State. Infact, the only Pleistocene porpoises (Delphinidae) recorded by Hay? from North America east of the Mississippi River are Delphinapterus leucas Pall. from Canada, D. vermontanus (Thomp- son) from Vermont and Canada, Monodon monoceras L. from Canada, and Globicephala baereckeiz (Sellards) from Florida, the last attributed to the Pliocene or Pleistocene. 1 W. C. Mansfield, Notes on Pleistocene faunas from Maryland and Virginia and Pliocene and Pleistocene faunas from North Carolina, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 150 : 130. 1928. 2 Second Bibl. & Cat. Foss. Vert. East. N. Amer. (Carn. Inst. Publ. 390) 2 : 586-595. 1930. 24—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (99) JUN 8 1930 Vol. 52, pp. 101-104 June 5, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE N INS BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WAS sind i, A NEW SUBSPECIES OF PEROMYSCUS FROM THE NORTH SHORE OF THE GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE BY C. F. JACKSON, University of New Hampshire. In 1935 and again in 1937 the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence was visited for the purpose of collecting small mammals (Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 19, No. 4, Nov. 14, 1938, pp. 429-434). The region covered extended from the Bay of Seven Islands eastward to the vicinity of Cape Cormorant. A white footed mouse of the Peromyscus maniculatus group was everywhere abundant and a total of 67 specimens was collected. A comparison of this series with specimens of the described subspecies shows several striking and constant differences. This form may be described as follows: Peromyscus maniculatus plumbeus, subsp. nov. Lead colored white footed mouse. Type.—From Pigou River on the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Province of Quebec. Spec. No. 265/332, adult male, skin and skull, University of New Hampshire Museum; collected by H. W. Jackson in runway, edge of tall grass in ravine near mouth of Pigou River, September 5, 1937. Distribution.—From Pigou River westward to the Bay of Seven Islands. Limits of range unknown. General characters.—A dark form without pronounced dorsal stripe and with the ventral pelage light plumbeous or cinereous! rather than white or yellowish-white as is true of all other described northeastern subspecies. Total length of skull and nasals shorter than in described northeastern subspecies. Color of type-—Above blackish slate in mid-dorsal region, changing 1 Color terms used from Ridgway’s Nomenclature of Colors, 25—Proc. Bion, Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939, (101) GUN 8 1939 102. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. gradually to slate color along the sides, the entire upper pelage being faintly intermixéd with dark drab gray. No distinct dorsal stripe present, the upper pelage being nearly of the same color throughout. Ears slate black, distinctly edged with white. Base of whiskers and orbital region black. Tail strongly bicolored, blackish slate above and cream beneath. A tuft of white hair shows on either side of the tail. The feet are cream color with a tuft of white hairs at the base of each claw. Ventral pelage light plumbeous or cinereous with slate gray showing through, resembling in this respect immature Peromyscus. Color variation.—In the series of 67 specimens no measurable color variations of the ventral pelage could be detected, but some slight variation in the intensity of the dorsal pelage was noted, the type falling almost exactly midway between the two extremes. The chief variation consisted in the amount of intermixing of drab gray or drab with the slate color. At one extreme the pelage varied from slate black to slate gray with little drab intermixture; at the other, the darker slate was more or less overlaid with drab. Looking at the series of skins there was little indication of brown or umber so common in many of the other northeastern subspecies. Young in juvenile pelage.—Slate black in middorsal region fading to slate gray along sides with only a vague line of demarcation between the sides and the cinereous ventral pelage. Tail blackish slate above, cream beneath. Feet somewhat darker than in adult. Ears slate black edged with white. Skull.—In general the skulls of northeastern Peromyscus are unsatis- factory for purposes of diagnosis of the subspecies. However, the present form is distinctly different from any of the northeastern subspecies in several regards. Comparing measurements with those given by Osgood (North American Fauna No. 28, Revision of the Mice of the American Genus Peromyscus, Osgood, Wilfred H., 1909, p. 263), the total length is con- siderable less, zygomatic breadth generally so (except in Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis) and nasals distinctly less than in any other adjacent subspecies. Although a difficult character to measure, the skull appears lighter than in the other forms. Measurements.—Type No. 265/332, adult male—length, 177; tail, 90; hind foot, 21.0. Skull: total length, 24.0; zygomatic breadth, 12.0; inter- orbital constriction, 4.0; nasals, 9.2; shelf of bony palate, 4.0; palatine slits, 4.9; maxillary tooth row, 3.6. The average body measurements of ten males are as follows: total length, 175.7; tail, 87.8; hind foot, 20.7, and of ten females: total length, 181.2; tail, 91.2; hind foot, 20.8. The average skull measurements of five males and five females are as follows: total length, 24.5 (male 24.0 to 24.8), (female 24.8 to 25.1); zygo- matic breadth, 12.4 (male 12.0 to 12.8), (female 12.5 to 13.0); interorbital constriction, 4.0 (male 3.8 to 4.0) (female 3.9 to 4.3); nasals, 9.6 (male 9.1 to 9.9) (female 9.3 to 10.3); shelf of bony palate, 4.0 (male 3.9 to 4.0) (female 4.0 to 4.3); palatine slits, 5.1 (male 4.9 to 5.5) (female 5.0 to 5.3); maxillary tooth row, 3.9 (male 3.6 to 4.1) (female 3.9 to 4.4). Comparison with other northeastern subspecies.—A large number of speci- mens of Peromyscus maniculatus have been examined through the courtesy Jackson—A New Subspecies of Peromyscus. 103 of Dr. Glover M. Allen who allowed me to study all of the material in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Anatomy which includes a large series from the east coast of Labrador as well as the material from the Bangs collection of Labrador mammals. Specimens of Peromyscus were also examined from the National Museum (courtesy Dr. H. H. T. Jackson) and from the American Museum (courtesy Dr. H. E. Anthony). These, however, are not included below except where noted. The following obser- vations are made in the light of these studies. Peromyscus maniculatus plumbeus, subsp. nov. Total number of specimens examined, 67 from the following localities: mouth of Moisie River, 19; Seal House Cove, 1; Point St. Charles, 14; Seal River, 20; Pigou River, 13. Allare located in the collection of the University of New Hampshire. Peromyscus maniculatus maniculatus (Wagner). Total number of specimens examined, 95 from at least eleven different localities on the east coast of Labrador. Differentiated from the present form by the distinctly yellowish color of the ventral pelage. The dorsal pelage is much browner in color. The demarcation between the upper and lower pelage is much more distinct. Several specimens from the Hudson Bay region labeled Peromyscus maniculatus maniculatus were much lighter and browner in color with white ventral pelage. Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis (Le Conte). Total number examined, 54 from at least eighteen different localities. Russet or cinnamon brown rather than slate above with a more distinct dorsal stripe, and ventral pelage snow white or white tinged with yellow. Peromyscus maniculatus abietorum Bangs. Total number of specimens examined, 38 from at least six different localities in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Dorsal pelage much browner, ventral pelage white or yellowish, not slate gray. Demarcation between upper and lower pelage much more distinct. Peromyscus maniculatus argentatus Copeland and Church. Two specimens examined from Grand Manan Island (topotypes). Dorsal pelage approaching that of Peromyscus maniculatus plumbeus but more mixed grayish brown in color, ventral pelage white or tinged with yellow. fi Peromyscus maniculatus eremus Osgood. Three specimens examined (topotypes) from Magdelen Islands (courtesy of Dr. H. H. T. Jackson). Dorsal pelage russet brown, ventral peiage creamy white. 104 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Peromyscus maniculatus anticostiensis Moulthrop. Twenty-two specimens examined. (James Bay, 17, courtesy of Dr. Allen; Fox Bay, 5, courtesy of Dr. Philip N. Moulthrop, Cleveland Museum of Natural History). Dorsal pelage more brownish to grayish brown tinged with ochraceous, ventral pelage white or yellowish white. Remarks.—No specimens of Peromyscus maniculatus from the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence have been found by me in any of the museum collections examined. A comparison of 67 specimens with representatives of all of the northeastern subspecies indicates that the light plumbeous or dark cinereous ventral pelage, the blackish slate or slate color dorsal pelage washed with drab gray, and the short skull and nasal bones are diagnostic characters of Peromyscus maniculatus plumbeus. Vol. 52, pp. 105-112 June 24, 1939 PROCEEDINGS a INS7ys DS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WA TWO NEW RACES OF CARPODACUS MEXICANUS. BY ROBERT T. MOORE. During the course of work on a Review of the Subgenus Burrica, a comparison of nearly fifteen hundred specimens, assembled through the courtesy of the curators of the major museums of the United States and the British Museum, has convinced the author that Ridgway’s dictum (Birds of North and Middle America, Part I, p. 138 footnote) that “variation in the extent of the red is not geographical” in Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis, is no longer tenable. It is obvious Ridgway did not suspect the relatively tremendous effect of wear on both the extent and coloration of male House Finches, a process which has been fully understood only in recent years. (See Grinnell, 1911, Univ. Cal. Pub. Lool., Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 179-195; H. M. and J. R. Michener, Condor, 1931, Vol. XX XIII, pp. 12-19; Moore, 1936, Condor, Vol. XX XVIII, pp. 203-208.) One of the proofs of this is Ridgway’s description under Carpodacus mexicanus rosetpectus (op., cit. p. 133) of two males from Hua- juapam, Oaxaca, as “darker’’ than C. m. mexicanus, when they are in fact merely early (Nov. 18th) winter plumage males of true mexicanus, which, like all House Finches, are always “darker”? in November plumage. Instead of segregating his birds according to “‘extent of red,’’ he should have segregated. them according to stage of wear, into at least four separate groups in each area and compared only similar groups. Analysis of a much larger series, based upon a more exact knowledge of the processes of molt (See the Micheners, op. cit.), indicates that Fringzlla frontalis Say is a composite of four races, (1) the bird of north-central Colorado, north of the Arkansas River and east of the Divide, which J. D. Figgins 1Contributions from the California Institute of Technology. 26—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasxH., Vou. 52, 1939. (105) gun 20 19% 106 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. described as Carpodacus frontalis smithi; (2) true frontals, restricted to the birds of Colorado, south of the Arkansas River and west of the Divide, to Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico and extreme eastern Arizona; (3) an unrecognized paler race of the Great Basin and (4) a darker, more extensively red race on the west coast. These last two are described herewith. A complete understanding of the affinities of these two proposed races and their relation to other forms of Burrica can be obtained only by a study of all the races of northern Mexico, as well as of the islands off the Pacific Coast. This, the author has undertaken in his Review of Burrica, which is now in the hands of the publisher. It would take too long to repeat the evidence given therein, by which the author concludes that frontalis shows closest affinity with smithc to the north and with the races of the Mexican Plateau, associated in a closely related company, which he has termed the Plateau Group. In a similar way the undescribed Great Basin race reveals affinities with ruberrimus and rhodopnus of the coastal plains about the Gulf of Lower California, which he has termed the Western Desert Group, while the California form belongs with the darker races of the islands off the Pacific coast, clementis, mcegregorz and amplus in the Marine Group. I conclude this introduction briefly by saying that sayz J. D. Figgins (Figgins, Proc. Col. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. IX, No. I, April 22, 1930, p. 3) is a synonym of Fringilla frontalis Say; that Pyrrhula inornata Vigors is revealed by an examination of the Latin description not to be a House Finch, but probably one of the Purple Finches. These two names, as well as others, are discussed fully in the above-mentioned Review of Burrica. In order to save space, and at the same time to show clearly the localities, from which the vast number of specimens have been examined, I am listing them in a briefer way, but still giving the essential facts. I protest the present tendency of describers to omit the exceedingly important data on which their findings are based. Without knowledge of the localities from which specimens were examined, a later investigator in the same field finds himself confronted with a mere “‘opinion’”’ and has no way of ascertaining whether that ‘‘opinion’’ was based on sufficient and comprehensive factual data, or not. Where reference is made to the “five inch rainfall area,” Moore—Two New Races of Carpodacus mexicanus. 107 it indicates the mean annual rainfall from zero to five inches, whereas ‘‘ten inch” designates the rainfall from five to ten inches. The word ‘‘red” is a general term indicating various shades and tints of that color. Carpodacus mexicanus solitudinis, subsp. nov. DESERT HOUSE FINCH. Type.—Male adult, No. 22858, collection of Robert T. Moore; Fallon, Nevada; April 3, 1939, collected by Ray Alcorn and Robert T. Moore. Subspecific characters.—Nearest in its affinities to C. m. ruberrimus of Sonora, but red less extensive, ground color slightly whiter and size larger. Resembling C. m. frontalis in size, it differs in the winter plumage, having the upper parts more Drab? (less gray) above, with even less suffusion of red, if any, the red being confined to the rump, forehead and superciliary streak even in the winter plumage; the crown and occiput being Brownish Drab streaked with darker, paler above in nuptial plumage; ground color of posterior under parts whiter, often pure white; streaking finer; red of anterior under parts less extensive; in worn nuptial plumage ground color of under parts much whiter than in corresponding plumage of frontalis, generally pure white; streaking finer and suffusion of red on upper parts, except forehead and rump, obsolete or rarely present. Range.—Solitudinis expresses itself most clearly in the extreme arid desert conditions of Nevada, where the mean annual rainfall is less than five inches, but it extends into areas where the rainfall is from five to ten inches in Nevada, the extreme arid portions of Mono and northern Inyo Counties, California, southeastern Oregon, southern Idaho, southeastern Washington from Wallula to Walla Walla, possibly to Yakima Valley of Washington and the Okanagan Valley of Washington and British Columbia. I do not know what form the House Finches of the Okanagan Valley in northeastern Washington and the region about Penticton, British Columbia represent. Mr. §. J. Darcus informs me they breed at Penticton, but no specimens have been taken. They occupy a tongue of the Arid Temperate Zone, having a mean annual rainfall of ten inches or less. Thanks to the courtesy of Miss Flauhaut, the fine series from Kiona, Gibbon and Wenat- chee, southeastern Washington, have been examined. All are winter plumage birds, except two. Not very close to solitudinis, they have its pale ground color, but are more suffused with red above, more extensively red below and buffy on the sides. They may he intergrades with the unknown birds of Victoria, B. C. Birds of Death Valley, California, are slightly more extensively red below, but have just as pure a white ground color and are closer to solitudinis Specimens examined.—Solitudinis: 5 & 2 9 from 8. E. Wassinaton; Wallula, Walla Walla. 11 77 9 from BE. Oregon: Millers, Moro, John Day River, Hart Mt., Adel, Plush, Steen Mts., Beulah, Vale, Ontario, Hermiston. 2Names of colors in this paper, when capitalized, are taken from Ridgway’s ‘‘ Color Standards and Color Nomenclature,” 1912. 108 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 3 o¢'1 @ from. Ipano: Riddle, Payette, Pocatello. 31 o 14 9 from Nevapa: Fallon (Type), Pyramid Lake, Truckee River, near Wadsworth, Virginia Mts., Virgin Valley, Quinn River, near Pine Forest Mts., Carson City, Yerington, Kingston Creek, Millet, Crystal Springs, Indian Springs, Charleston Mts., St. Thomas. 8 o 1 @ from Caurrorn1a: Mono Lake, Keeler, Shoshone, Triangle Spring, Furnace Creek Ranch. Unknown intergrades: 17 15 9 from WasuinetTon: Zillah, Wenas Valley, Yakima, Gibbon, Kiona, Wawawai, Wenatchee. Intergrades with birds of Caui- FORNIA: 1c from S. Orrcon: Klamath Falls. 24 o& 6 @ from Catt FORNIA: Tule Lake, Warner Mts., Goose Lake, Alturas, Sugar Hill, Vinton, Cannell Meadow, Whitney Meadow, Planada, Sweeney’s Ranch, Isabella, Waltham Cr., Ft. Tejon, near Palmdale, San Jacinto Mts., Lower Palm Canyon, Cabazon, Banning, San Gorgonio Pass, 8. Palo Verde, Foot of Coast Range Col. Desert. Intergrades with C. m. frontalis:5 7 4 9 from Urtau: Salt Lake City, Great Salt Lake, Provo, Iron City, Washington, Antelope Is.; 2. from N. W. Arizona: Grand Canyon, above Big Williams River. Intergrades with ruberrimus: 138 & 5 @ from 8. E. CaLrrornia: Potholes, Laguna, Bard, Kane Spring, Mellon; 1 «& from S. W. Arizona: below Cibola; 9 o& from Sonora: El Doctor, Saric; 7 «2 9 from N. E. Lower Cairorntia: Cerro Prieto, Las Palmas Canyon, El Cajon Canyon. Remarks.—lf my concept of this race is correct, its paleness above and white coloration below are due to the excessive aridity and other meteoro- logical factors of the Great Basin, which reach their extreme manifestation in the very portions of Nevada and eastern California, where solitudinis is found in its best expression. The low humidity, large number of days with continuous sunshine, purity of the air, rapid evaporation and great diurnal variation may all have exercised an influence. From the five-inch rainfall area of western Nevada arms of the ten-inch area extend into the surround- ing States. By means of this area, as well as parts of the fifteen-inch area, solitudinis inosculates with other races northwest, south and east of it. For example, specimens from localities in the lower San Joaquin Valley, where the mean annual rainfall (U. S. Dept. Agr. Weather Bureau 1930, Climatic Summary, Sec. 19) ranges from 5.37 to 8.21 inches, have the posterior under parts much whiter than birds of the same nuptial plumage from northwestern California, where it ranges from 24.69 to 109.45 inches at the various meteorological stations. This ten-inch area is separated from the ten- and five-inch areas of eastern California and Nevada by a narrow strip of the fifteen southeast of Bakersfield. The Cannell Meadow and Whitney Meadow males are probably summer wanderers to higher altitudes from this region, having the posterior under parts white. Similar groups of white-bellied individuals are found on all sides of solitudinis, for example in northeastern Oregon, Yakima Valley of southern Washington, southeastern Idaho, northeastern California (Modoc County), Imperial Valley and northwestern Arizona, all of them in five- or ten-inch rainfall areas, except the Modoc County birds. The three stations there, which surround our bird-localities, range from 10.6 to 12.43 inches. The presence of breeding birds at Penticton, British Columbia, was discovered by Mr. 8. J. Darcus and corroborated later by Major Allan Brooks, who Moore—Two New Races of Carpodacus mexicanus. 109 writes he has ‘‘seen the birds and their nest in the orchards.”” Apparently House Finches are pushing gradually northward, for this occurrence, like the one in Victoria, B. C., representa a recent extension of range. On the other hand, the restricted amount of red, found to the same degree in no other race, except C. mexicanus mexicanus of extreme southern Mexico, is probably due to a totally different set of factors, possibly heritable. As we proceed south from Nevada into California and Arizona we find this red becoming more extensive, so that even the birds of the five- inch rainfall area in Death Valley, although maintaining the other char- acters of solitudinis, including pure white ground color, are more expansively red. Carpodacus mexicanus ¢grinnelli,? subsp. nov. GRINNELL’S HOUSE FINCH. Type.—Male adult, no. 19226, col. Mus. Ver. Zool., Univ. Calif.; Scott River, 6 mi. N. W. of Callahan, Siskiyou Co., Calif.; June 11, 1911, collected by A. M. Alexander. Subspecific characters.—Nearest to C. m. clementis Mearns, but bill smaller; in adult males, particularly in nuptial plumage, ground color of posterior under parts and sides slightly less buffy and streaks narrower; adult females less Drab, more Drab-Gray above; ground color of under parts decidely less buffy; streaks Hair Brown, rather than Drab, and narrower. Of the same size and resembling Carpodacus m. frontalis of Colorado adult males differ in winter plumage in having the upper parts darker, prominently suffused .with Victoria Lake; the crown more solidly red, varying from Vandyke Red-on the forehead to Victoria Lake on the crown and occiput; red of under parts both in winter and worn nuptial plumage, averaging somewhat more extensive both above and below; ground color of posterior under parts in Winter Plumage more buffy, rather than gray; Pale Pinkish Cinnamon to Pinkish Buff, whiter in worn nuptial plumage, but still with a pinkish suffusion lacking in frontalis; in both plumages and sexes more narrowly streaked below. Differs far more from solitudinis, adult males being more extensively red above and below in all plumages; ground color of posterior under parts more pinkish buff in winter plumage, less whitish in nuptial plumage; streaking wider. Females darker above, less whitish ground color below. Range.—Expresses its characters most markedly in the forty to eighty inch rainfall areas (U. S. Dept. Agri., 1922, Atlas of Amer. Agric., Climate, Precipitation, pp. 6—7) of the Transition Zone of southwestern Oregon and northern California; thence it extends south throughout the Upper Sonoran Zone, except in northeastern California and the Mono Lake region, also into portions of the Lower Sonoran Zone, to the San Pedro Martir Moun- tains and the northwestern coast of Lower California, as far as latitude 3It is peculiarly fitting that California’s best-known bird should bear the name of the distinguished ornithologist, whose recent passing makes us realize how much Californian ornithology is indebted to him. 110 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 28°; also on the Farralone Islands, the northern members of the Santa Barbara group, the Todos Santos and Cedros Islands. Remarks on Range.—In the southern part of its range, grinnelli is repre- sented on the mainland from approximately Santa Cruz south by birds, which on the average have whiter ground color and the back and occiput less suffused with red and this color slightly less extensive an the posterior under parts, particularly in the nuptial plumage. But they are closer to grinnelli. Some males have the red less extensive during the first year than during the second and third years (Micheners, 1931, op. cit. p. 17), but these individuals have been carefully considered in statements made throughout this paper. Undoubtedly the presence in southern California of some extensively red winter birds can be explained as migrants from the north, but I have inspected a June 14th male (Dickey Col. No. 26946) from El Monte, and a June Sth male (M. V. Z. Col. No. 11583) from Riverside, which almost precisely match northwestern birds. In sections of the Lower Sonoran Zone of California, apparently where the mean annual rainfall is approximately not much more than ten inches, such as in the region from Riverside to Santa Ana, grinnellz seems to be the resident form, but where it is less than ten inches, such as in the deserts of the southeast, the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley, and even in the restricted ten-inch rainfall areas of southwestern San Diego County, a varying series of intergrades occur, most of them closer to solitudinis, showing at least the whiter ground color of the posterior under parts, noticeably in the nuptial plumage. In the north, the few specimens available from Curry County to Sam’s Valley, Jackson County, Oregon, are grinnellz, but eastwardly at Klamath Falls, Oregon, and Tule Lake, California, we find intergrades with solz- tudinis. Generally, the birds east of the Cascades are either intergrades or true solitudinis; west of the Cascades very few specimens have been taken. One female in the collection of Stanley G. Jewett, secured March 21, 1932, at Forest Grove, Washington County, probably should be classed as grinnella. The subspecific identity of the breeding House Finches at Victoria, British Columbia (Cowan, Condor, Vol. XXXIX, p. 225), can not be determined by the nestling, kindly loaned by Mr. Cowan. I am listing them tentatively as grinnelli. The following quotation from Mr. Cowan’s letter indicates this is not a sporadic occurrence, but seems to portend a permanent annexation of new territory: ‘‘Last summer I kept close watch and was able to locate six singing males in various parts of this city.” Its presence in this Humid Transition Zone would indicate its affinity with grinnelli. In view of the above record, it is rather strange that the House Finch has not been taken in western Washington, west of the Cascades (Kitchen, Northwest Fauna Ser., No. 1, Feb., 1934, p. 19). Mr. Kitchin confirms this in a letter of March 3, 1939. Specimens examined.—1 1 @ (nestlings) from Vancouver Is., B. C.: Victoria.’ 6 o& 3 2 from western and southwestern Orrcon: Forest Grove, Pistol River, Medford, Sam’s Valley, Central Point. 54 o 32 Q from CaLiFoRNIA: near Callahan (includ. Type), N. E. Mt. Shasta, Maytem, Moore—Two New Races of Carpodacus mexicanus. 111 Eureka, above Ruth, near Baird, mouth Battle Creek, Paine’s Creek, near Red Bluff, Petaluma, Nicasio, San Geronimo, San Francisco, Ingle- side, near Giant, near Albany, Oakland, Arroyo Mocho, West Berkeley, Mt. View, Palo Alto, Sacramento, Stockton, Grass Valley, Santa Cruz, Pacific Grove, Monterey, Dudley, San Benito Mt., Trout Creek, Tipton, Bodfish, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz Is., Santa Rosa Is., San Miguel Is., Ventura, Ojai Valley, Alamitos Bay, Pasadena, El Monte, Alhambra, San Pedro, Palms, Los Angeles, Glendora, Long Beach, Covina, Pomona, near Culver City, Ontario, Riverside, Santa Anita River bottom, Lemon Grove, Torrey Pines, Jamul Creek, Dulzura, Jacumba, Campo, Mountain Spring, Battle Creek. 8 o 1 @ from northern Lower Catirornia: Mission St. Maria, Valladares, San Pablo, El Medano, San Telmo, north end Cedros Is. Remarks.—Although we are still in doubt as to the racial identification of the birds of northeastern Washington, the unbroken continuity of the white-bellied birds from eastern Oregon and Nevada through southeastern California to northeastern Lower California, indicate that the ranges of grinnelli and frontalis are separated, and that the area between is occupied by solitudinis, a bird which is far more different from either than grin- nelli is from frontalis. In spite of the nearer approximation of the char- acters of grinnelli and fronialis, it is possible to differentiate them immedi- ately. Three groups must be kept separate, the freshly-molted fall birds from September to approximately November 10th, the winter birds from the latter date to March Ist and the worn nuptial plumage birds from April ist to June 15th. Ridgway’s failure to realize the import- tance of this segregation accounts for his incorrect conclusion, mentioned previously. Furthermore, it seems clear he did not have available a suffi- cient, if any series, from the Humid Transition Zone of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon, which are imperatively essential for a decision. He was also unfamiliar with the relatively great extent to which the red is gradually worn away from November to June. A series of April and May adult males of the two races, laid out side by side, give a convincing demonstration. Of nine adult male frontalis from Colorado, which are clearly not darkened by coal dust, all are markedly gray with gray crowns and backs, except one, which has a moderate suffu- sion of red on the back. Of the twelve grinnelli from the northern counties of California, namely Shasta, Humboldt, Trinity and Tehama, all have reddish upper parts, some exceedingly incarnidined, and the crowns and occiputs strongly red, in most cases solidly so. The same is true of six April and May adult males from Alameda and Contra Costa Counties. On the under parts the contrast is still greater. Every one of the eighteen California males, with the exception of one, is much more brilliantly and much more extensively red than all, except one of the Colorado birds. I should emphasize that these are not selected individuals, but the total of adult April and May males available. The same comparison is true, but to a lesser degree, of the birds of winter plumage, when compared month by month. 112 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. I take this opportunity to make correction of errors in my previous article in this volume of the Proceedings, which occurred on page 59. The word ‘‘not”’ in the third line from the bottom of the page crept in by some lapsus and should have been eliminated in the proof-reading. In the same paragraph in the seventh line from the bottom of the page, quotation marks should appear after the word “species.” In the second line from the bottom of the page quotation marks should have been inserted before the words ‘‘was made by,” and the first word on page 60 should be singular, not plural. On the third line from the top of page 59, quotation marks should appear after the words “‘taken it.” Vol. 52, pp. 113-120 July 22, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON FERN MISCELLANY— BY WILLIAM R. MAXO The following descriptions and notes relate mainly to tropica American species of Polypodiuwm, a genus in which the writer is especially interested.” POLYPODIACEAE. Adiantopsis Seemanni (Hook.) Maxon. Cheilanthes Seemanni Hook. Sp. Fil. 2 : 85. pl. 97, A. 1852. Founded on material collected by Seemann in the Sierra Madre of north- western Mexico, and apparently not since collected. The type specimen, examined at Kew in 1930, shows the characteristic thin indusia of Adizan- topsis, free at the sides, reflexed at maturity, and rather broader than illustrated by Hooker. Enterosora spongiosa Maxon, sp. nov. Epiphytica, HZ. Campbelli affinis, sed multo amplior, laminis usque ad 5 em. latis, lineari-oblongis vel anguste triangulari-oblongis nec linearibus vel anguste oblanceolatis, admodum pinnatifidis nec sinuatis, segmentis oblongis vel deltoideo-oblongis, margine praesertim pilis castaneis longis patentibus ornatis, soris plerumque 5- vel 6-jugis. Rhizome oblique or short-creeping, up to 4 cm. long, 5-10 mm. thick, densely dark-radicose below, copiously paleaceous; scales tufted, erect, lance-ligulate, subcordate in attachment, 3-5 mm. long, 0.6-1.2 mm. broad, abruptly acutish at apex, golden yellow, light brownish with age, distantly ciliolate (the hairs pale and gland-tipped), reticulate, the partition walls sharply defined, yellow. Fronds 6-12, fasciculate, 15-30 em. long in well- developed plants, ascending, the blades somewhat decurved; stipes slightly shorter than the blades, about 1 mm. thick, dull brownish, freely clothed with slender spreading castaneous hairs 2-4.5 mm. long; blades linear- oblong to narrowly triangular-oblong, mostly 10-20 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm. broad in basal portion, acutish (the tip rounded), pinnately lobed except 1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 2 Earlier papers of this series are: Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 43 : 81-88. 1930; 46: 105- 108. 1933; 46 : 1389-146. 1933; 51 : 33-40. 1938. 27—Proc. Bron. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (113) ee ZANT A SED 1G" WV, yyy Zowar, Muse 114 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. at the short broad subentire apex, the midrib wholly concealed; segments 9-14 pairs, slightly oblique, oblong to deltoid-oblong, rounded at apex, the basal ones broadly dilatate below, 2—2.5 cm. long, 2-3 em. broad at base, 8-12 mm. broad at middle, subentire, those above less dilatate, the sinuses mostly more acutish, all the segments persistently long-ciliate, the hairs like those of the stipe, a few borne also on both surfaces of the blade; venation phymatodoid, a single series of narrowly linear exappendiculate areoles borne along the midrib, sometimes also a similar incomplete second series; midvein of segments subflexuose, the branches very deeply immersed, oblique, joined in a series of elongate subhexagonal areoles, the included basal veinlet either simple and free or variously joined to 1 or 2 short lateral branches, or occasionally produced to the distal end of the areole; marginal excurrent veinlets short, free; sori mostly 5 or 6 pairs per segment, up to 1 cm. long, straight or subarcuate, borne deeply within the thick spongiose leaf-tissue on the included veinlet of the major areoles, wholly concealed before maturity, until then the glabrous linear orifice nearly closed; sporangia barely extruded at maturity, the empty linear pits of old sori 0.5 mm. broad or less. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,181,637, collected in the vicinity of La Palma, on the road to La Hondura, Costa Rica, altitude about 1600 meters, on trunk of tree in potrero, July 17, 1923, by William R. Maxon and Alfred D. Harvey (no. 7975). The following additional material is in the National Herbarium: Costa Rica: Type locality, Maxon & Harvey 7975 (type coll.); Standley 32780, 38049. Santa Clara de Cartago, alt. 1950 meters, Maxon & Harvey 8191; Lankester 600. Along cart-road from Vara Blanca (between Pods and Barba volcanoes) to La Concordia, alt. 1600-1950 meters, Maxon & Harvey 8412. San Cristobal Road, alt. 2400 meters, Stork 2194. Road from Las Nubes to La Palma, Knight. Cerro de Las Lajas, north of San Isidro, alt. 2000-2400 meters, Standley & Valerio 51542. Cerros de Zurqui, northeast of San Isidro, alt. 2000-2400 meters, Standley & Valerio 50490, 50523. Panama: Region of El Boquete, Chiriqui, in humid forest of the Cordil- lera east of Rio Caldera, alt. 1900 meters, Killip 5284. In type of soriation Hnterosora spongiosa accords perfectly with E. Campbellii Baker,? from Mount Roraima, British Guiana, upon which the genus was founded by Baker. The type specimen of that (¢m Thurn 184), at Kew, was photographed by the writer in 1930. It was illustrated by Baker, but the details of venation are perhaps not correctly shown, since presumably a series of linear sterile areoles extends along the costa at either side nearly throughout, as in H. Fawcettit Jenman, avery rare Jamaican species, which Christensen reduces to H. Campbellii and of which a single specimen is at hand from the type locality, ‘Rose Hill Wood,” alt. 1200 meters (Mazon 1120). Enterosora spongiosa differs notably from both in its broad, deeply pinnatifid fronds and, consequently, its more complicated venation and numerous paired sori. The leaf-tissue is very thick (2 mm. in 3 Timehri II. 5: 218. 1886. 4 Trans. Linn. Soc. IT. Bot. 2: 294. pl. 55. 1886. Maxon—Fern Miscellany—V. 115 moistened material), and consists mostly of loosely spongiose mesophyll with large air-chambers, very much as shown in Baker’s illustration of E. Campbelliz (fig. 5, cross-section). Upon dissection the veins are found to lie close to the upper surface of the blade. Enterosora can hardly be regarded as a strongly marked genus, its relationship being clearly with Polypodiuwm percrassum Baker and P. enterosoroides Christ, of Costa Rica, in which the roundish to Sag ea sori are similarly borne in deep pits. Polypodium turquinum Maxon, sp. nov. § Grammitis. Epiphyticum. Rhizoma parvum adscendens, paleis testaceis ligulatis subclathratis copiose onustum. Folia subpendula, usque ad 21 em. longa, stipitibus filiformibus quam laminis multo brevioribus, fumosis striatis minutissime hirtellis; laminae anguste lineares, herbaceae, plerumque 10-15 cm. longae, 1-2 mm. latae, basi attenuatae, simplices, integrae vel leviter repandae, decidue ciliolatae, alioqui glabrae, nervo mediano et venis supra elevatis; venae admodum obliquae, acute unifur- catae, ramis ambobus venam submarginalem crassiusculam continuam adeuntibus, anteriori elongato nervo mediano subparallelo, sorum infra- medium vel medium ellipticum ca. 1 mm. longum unicum ferente, soris subremotis itaque utrinque uniserialibus. Rhizome oblique or short-creeping, up to 1.5 cm. long and 2 mm. thick; scales numerous, imbricate, ligulate-attenuate, rounded at base, up to 2.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. broad, entire, yellowish brown, delicate, translucent, subclathrate, the partition cell walls only slightly thicker than the yellowish outer walls. Fronds several, laxly spreading or pendent, cespitose or sub- imbricate in attachment, up to 21 cm. long; stipes dull pale brownish, 1-3.5 em. long, filiform, only 0.1 mm. thick, striate, minutely and densely hirtellous; blades firmly herbaceous, mostly 10-15 cm. long, very narrowly linear, 1-2 mm. broad, attenuate at base, acutish at apex, simple, entire or repand, ciliolate, the hairs septate, simple or sometimes furcate; midvein strongly elevated above, glabrous; veins strongly elevated above, very oblique, acutely once-forked, both branches excurrent to a continuous submarginal vein, the distal branch nearly parallel to the midvein, bearing an elliptical or subrotund sorus at or below its middle, or rarely at base; sori about 1 mm. long, alternate, borne in a single line at each side of the midvein about midway to the margin. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,301,480, collected at the summit of Pico Turquino, Sierra Maestra, Province of Oriente, Cuba, altitude 2040 meters, July 22-24, 1922, by E. L. Ekman (no. 14558). Additional specimens, all from Cuba, are as follows: Northern summit of Pico Turquino, alt. 1500 meters, Ekman 5268; Palma Mocha peak, alt. 1400 meters, Leon 11160; Pico Turquino, alt. 1790 meters, Hamilton 2; La Bayamesa, Sierra Maestra, alt. 1725 meters, Ekman 7165. The present species, from the Sierra Maestra of eastern Cuba, is related only to P. gramineum Swartz, of which a good series is at hand from the Blue Mountain region of Jamaica, the type locality. The two are alike in anatomy, notably in having a submarginal vein to which both branches of 116 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. the oblique costal veins run out, the venation being thus entirely closed; but P. gramineumidiffers from P. turquinum sufficiently in its larger rhizome scales, its stouter stipes (0.4—0.6 mm. thick), its much broader (3-5 mm.) blades, its less oblique fertile vein-branches, and its subcoriaceous leaf- tissue. P. gramineum has been reported from Guiana also. For the accommodation of P. gramineum John Smith erected the genus Lomaphlebia, on the basis of the submarginal connecting vein, which is of true fibrovascular structure. This curious closed venation, matched precisely by that of P. turquinum, is unique among the heterogeneous assemblage of species referred by most authors to Polypodium, subgenus Grammitis, and should justify setting apart these two species in a subgenus. In this connection the claim of Grammitis as the proper name, rather than Lomaphlebia, must be considered. The relationship with the group of seven or eight species typified by P. marginellum Swartz is not especially close, since that is characterized by free or casually anastomosing venation, which has no connection whatever with the sharply defined, truly marginal band of dark, sclerotic, non-fibrovascular tissue. Polypodium jungermannioides KI. Linnaea 20: 373. 1847. In discussing this species not long ago,' in relation to P. Sprucez Hook. and P. yarumalense Hieron., specimens were cited from Venezuela (the type region), Colombia, Panama, and Guatemala, and from Costa Rica, where it has proved to be abundant. Two synonyms were given, viz. Polypodium Sprucei var. furcativenosa Hieron. and P. Sprucei var. costaricense Christ. To these must be added two more, applied to Jamaican plants: Polypodium Fawcettii Baker (Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 27 : 270. 1889) and P. dendricolum Jenman (Gard. Chron. IIT. 16 : 467. 1894). Polypodium Fawcettii was founded by Baker on specimens collected near Morce’s Gap, Jamaica, March 28, 1889, by Alexander Moore. The type, on loan from Kew, has been studied, as also a small portion of this collection on loan from the herbarium of the Botanical Department of Jamaica (Hope Gardens). The slender ascending rhizomes are quite devoid of scales, being merely pilose, and the plants differ in no respect from continental material of P. jungermannioides. Polypodium dendricolum, described by Jenman from Jamaica, ‘‘on trees at and above 5000 ft. altitude in the Port Royal Mountains,” has been difficult to determine accurately, apparently not all the original material having been preserved. Among the Jenman specimens at the New York Botanical Garden there is a single small frond so labeled by Jenman and accompanied by a clipping of the original printed description. It seems to have been taken from a plant in the herbarium of the Botanical Department herbarium, at Hope Gardens, which also is annotated by Jenman as P. dendricolum, with citation of publication. The latter is broken, under- sized, and incomplete, but the rhizome shows no scales and the fronds differ from the usual form of P. jungermannioides only in their somewhat irregular lobation, with corresponding modification of venation. P. dendricolum may thus be regarded as a slightly teratological form of P. jungermannioides. 5 Proé. Biol. Soc. Washington 51 : 35. 1938. Maxon—Fern Miscellany—V. 117 The entire series of West Indian specimens examined, including Hispani- ola material rather recently listed as P. Fawcettii, is as follows: Jamaica: Near Morce’s Gap, A. Moore, type of P. Fawcettit (Kew, Jam.); Mazon 2760 (US, Y); Underwood 1386 (Y). Rose Hill, March 3, 1895, Harris (Jam.). Near New Haven Gap, June 28, 1898, Harris 7320 (Jam.); Sherring & Nock (BM, US); Jenman 28 (Kew;® Jenman s.n. (Y). John Crow Peak, Aug. 15, 1889, Fawcett (Jam.). Port Royal Mts., Hart, type of P. dendricolum (Jam., Y). HispanioLa: High ridge between Rio Cenobi and Rio San Juan, Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic, alt. 1900 meters, Ekman 12819. Constanza, top of Loma La Vieja, alt. 2075 meters, Ekman 14034. Polypodium yarumalense Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 34: 499. 1904. This species, described originally from Colombia, has been known also from Hispaniola and Panama,’ and now may be reported definitely from Jamaica. The specimens, few in number, are among those mistakenly referred in the herbarium long ago by Underwood or the writer to either P. Fawcettii or P. dendricolum, that is to P. jungermannioides; but the fronds are densely cespitose upon a short ascending rhizome, rather than closely imbricate upon a slender elongate rhizome, and careful dissection discloses a terminal tuft of minute, bright brown, obscurely ciliolate scales, whereas P. junger- mannioides has none. They may safely be referred to P. yarumalense, it seems, although some of the veins are twice forked and show an occasional anastomosis. Jamaica: Blue Mountains, May, 1903, D. Watt (US, Y). Wooded slopes of Monkey Hill (above New Haven Gap), alt. 1800 meters, upon the under- side and near the base of leaning tree trunks, June 22, 1904, Mazon 2723 (US), 2736 (US, Y). a Polypodium pruinosum Maxon, nom. nov. Polypodium pruinatum Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2, 508. 1875; not Sw. (1801). Founded on Tate 44, from Chontales, Nicaragua, and known apparently only from the type material at Kew. It is a diminutive plant, apparently belonging to the group of P. farinosum Hook. and P. discolor Hook. The minute globose wax particles, which give rise to the pruinose condition noted by Baker upon the underside of the frond, are scattered over the upper surface also. Polypodium delicatulum Mart. & Gal. Mém. Acad. Brux. 15°: 35. pl. 7, fot) 1842) Polypodium heterotrichum Baker; Jenman, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 17 : 262. 1879. The name Polypodium delicatulum was applied by Martens and Galeotti to specimens collected by Galeotti (no. 6378) in the eastern cordillera of 6 This is the additional material mentioned by Baker (in describing P. Fawcettii) as received from Jenman in 1875. According to a note by Sherring this collection (by Nock and himself) consisted of about 18 plants. 7 Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 51 : 36. 1938. 118 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Oaxaca at 2100 to 2400 meters elevation. Their description is brief and inadequate and,is followed by a highly misleading comparison with P. trichomanoides Swartz, an unrelated plant with monosorous segments. In his monograph of Polypodium Mettenius placed P. delicatulum near P. apiculatum Kunze and P. firmum Klotzsch (P. aromaticum Maxon), misidentifying it as a plant with “‘rather rigid fronds.” In so doing he overlooked the peculiar significance of the species name employed and apparently was misled also by the somewhat artificial illustration. Hooker, in the Species Filicum,® quoted Mettenius’ description and added a descrip- tion of the rhizome as ‘‘clothed with subulate blackish scales,” thus mis- takenly confirming the reference of this species to the general vicinity of P. pilosissimum Mart. & Gal. This is wholly wrong. Specimens of Galeotti 6378 on loan from Brussels prove to be identical with Jamaican material subsequently described as P. heterotrichum Baker, which is a lax, soft-hairy, pendent epiphyte far removed from the group of P. pilosissimum. In ignorance of its true characters, P. delicatulum was long ago reported from Mexico (Pringle 13494) by the writer? as P. heterotrichum. This range, though unusual, is not unprecedented. In view of its long-standing misidentification it seems desirable now to describe P. delicatulum rather fully, as follows: Plants epiphytic, the fronds several or numerous, laxly pendent, 6-20 cm. long. Rhizome horizontal, 1 cm. long or less, 2-3 mm. in diameter, densely paleaceous on the upper side, the scales small and closely coherent, 1—1.6 mm. long, 0.6—0.8 mm. broad (excluding cilia), deltoid, acuminate, yellowish, concolorous (the cells short, quadrate or transversely oblong, the walls all very thin), closely fringed with short cilia, these 0.07—0.11 mm. long, pale, simple, blunt, allantoid, turgid; stipe 1-2.5 cm. long, 0.2-0.3 mm. in di- ameter, dull brownish, sparsely pilose with long spreading reddish hairs; blades 5-18 cm. long, 1.2-2 em. broad, linear, acutish at the slowly develop- ing apex, slightly narrowed at base, pinnate, the slender blackish rachis together with both surfaces of the blade reddish-pilose like the stipe, also densely but minutely glandular-pubescent, the hairs very short, hyaline, mostly 3-celled, two unicellular branches arising from a basal cell, one of these greatly elongate, clavate, glandlike; segments numerous, spreading (70°-80°), 6-11 mm. long, 1.5-2.5 mm. broad, linear-oblong, entire or lightly undulate, obtuse or acutish, fully adnate, sometimes narrowed above the slightly decurved base, not connected, less than their width apart, the sinus linear; 2 or 3 pairs of basal segments gradually shorter and a little broader; midvein medial, slender, blackish, flexuous, partially concealed; veins 4-7 pairs, oblique (30°), simple, extending halfway to the margin, short, or wanting toward the apex of the segment; sori 4—7 pairs, terminal or nearly 80; sporangia glabrous, the annulus 12-celled. Leaf tissue delicate but somewhat spongiose and subopaque, the veins not readily visible. Thus Polypodium delicatulum is seen to be quite unrelated to the several groups of species having rigid, erect or arcuately decurved, elastic fronds. Habitally and in general appearance it closely resembles P. jamesonioides Fée, of Colombia, Panama, and Hispaniola, which alone of the species 8 47 184. 1862. 9 Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16 : 62. 1912. Maxon—Fern Miscellany—V. 119 known to the writer has similar bluntly short-ciliate rhizome scales; but in distinction, P. jamesonioides has fronds twice as long, the rhizome scales bright brown, narrowly elongate, and comparatively long-ciliate (cilia 0.13-0.3 mm. long), the stipe densely glandular-pubescent (not sparsely pilose), the blades long-attenuate at base, much broader, and everywhere covered with short, shining, simple hyaline hairs, and the segments more widely spreading. Of the following specimens of P. delicatulum examined all but the types are in the National Herbarium: Jamaica: Summit of Blue Mountain Peak and vicinity, alt. 2000-2200 meters, Jenman 24 (Kew; type of P. heterotrichum); Hart 242; Hatch 28; Hitchcock 9372; Bot. Dept. Jamaica 191; Maxon 9870, 9951, 9964; Mazon & Killip 1097; Orcutt 5315. Mexico: Eastern cordillera of Oaxaca, Galleotti 6378 (type of P. delicatu- lum, Brussels; Kew). Barranca Trinidad, Hidalgo, Pringle 13494. Mount Tacana, Chiapas, alt. 2000 meters and upward, Matuda 2379.1 GuaTEMALA: Santa Elena, Dept. Chimaltenango, alt. 2400-2700 meters, Skutch, 96b, 213. As P. heterotrichum this species was reported from Haiti by Christ! on the basis of Picarda 264b and 1006. A Berlin specimen of the latter was identified by the writer as P. induens Maxon in 1921 and both were so listed by Urban.” P. induens is very closely related to P. anfractuosum Kunze, of South America, but has no affinity whatever with P. delicatulum. Polypodium aromaticum Maxon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 27 : 743. 1904. Polypodium firmum Klotzsch, Linnaea 20: 378. 1847; not Kaulf. (1827). on Polypodium Herzogii Rosenst. Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 6 : 176. 1908. Polypodium aromaticum, which belongs in the general group of P. pilosissimum Mart. & Gal., was described from Jamaica. Identical material from that island had been referred by Jenman to P. firmum Klotzsch, and Jenman’s identification, though questioned by the writer when describing P. aromaticum, is probably correct. Nevertheless, as pointed out, the name itself is invalidated by the earlier P. firmwm Kaulf., applied to an Australian plant. Apparently P. aromaticum is not very common, yet is widely distributed. In the Blue Mountains of Jamaica it occurs at 1650 to 2200 meters (Under- wood 1449, 1469, 2490; Maxon 1346a, 9815, 9958), but oddly enough it was - not found by Ekman in Hispaniola. From the continent the following specimens are at hand: GuatTeMaLa: Near Coban, Alta Verapaz, alt. 1350 meters, H. Johnson 535a; Hatch & Wilson 250. Costa Rica: Palmira, alt. 1800 meters, A. Smith H 209. VENEZUELA: Heights of Galipdn, near Caracas, H. Pittier 201. Peru: Valle de Occobamba, alt. 1900 meters, Biies 877. Alturas del Rio Lachac, Valle de Lares, alt. 2100 meters, Biies 1818, 1820. Cerro Huacontoy, Valle de Lares, alt. 2160 meters, Biies 1867. Michihuafiunca, alt. 3000 meters, Biies 976. Alturas de Sicre, alt. 3000 meters, Buies 1565. Bouivia: Songo, Bang 901, 901b. Yungas, alt. 1200 meters, Rusby 367 120 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. (greater part). Inca Corral, Prov. Cochibamhba, alt. 2200 meters, Herzog 783 (as P. Herzogii). Hacienda Simaco, on trail to Tipuani, alt. 1400 meters, Buchtien 5254. The Herzog specimen, though not of the original collection of P. Herzogit, is a topotype, and it agrees so well with Rosenstock’s very full description that P. Herzogii may safely be reduced to synonymy. The alliance of this species was not understood by Rosenstock. Polypodium latevagans Maxon & C. Chr., sp. nov. § Goniophlebium, turma P. piloselloides L. Rhizoma tenuiter funiforme, paleis pallide castaneis attenuatis angustis laxe imbricatis obliquis onustum; folia remota simplicia integra stipitata, usque ad 8 cm. longa, subconformia, sterilium laminis ovatis vel late lanceolatis, fertilium plerumque lanceolatis, omnium acuminatis subcoriaceis, venatione P. piloselloides; laminae pagina superior paleis castaneis e basi peltata rotundata grisea aristatis praedita; sori 7—9-jugi, uniseriales, paleis castaneis linearibus inter sporangia im- mixtis, latioribus paucis pagina inferiore dispersis. Rhizome delicately funiform, wide-creeping, subflexuous, sparingly branched, about 0.5 mm. thick, laxly appressed-paleaceous, the scales light castaneous, subulate-attenuate, hair-pointed, 4-7 mm. long, 0.4-0.7 mm. broad above the base, here peltately attached. Fronds distant, delicately petiolate (1-1.5 cm.); blades simple, entire, subconform, the sterile ones ovate or broadly lanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. broad, the sterile ones smaller (2-4 em. long, 0.5-1 em. broad), mostly lanceolate, all the blades sharply acute to long-acuminate, subcoriaceous, distantly paleaceous; scales of upper surface relatively large, light castaneous, abruptly aristate from a nearly circular, peltately affixed, toothed, pale base; scales of the lower surface darker, few, scattered, lanceolate, or those mixed among the sporangia numerous and linear; sori 7—9-jugate, large, uniserial in the large costal areoles, a nearly complete outer row of minor areoles usually de- veloped. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 833,357, collected near Unduavi, Bolivia, alt. 2400 meters, October, 1885, by H. H. Rusby (no. 361). Other specimens, all from Bolivia, are: Incachaca, Prov. Sacaba, Dept. Cochabamba, alt. 2500 meters, Steinbach 5795; Sailapata, Prov. Ayopaya, Dept. Cochabamba, alt. 2800-3500 meters, Cardenas 3154, 3317; Okara, Cordillera Real, alt. 2250 meters, Tate 922, 946; Coranital, alt. 2300 meters, Herzog 2153 (as P. tectum Kaulf.). The present species was recognized as new by Christensen and writer, independently, several years ago. In its nearly isomorphous, sharply acute to long-acuminate fronds and larger scales of the upper surface it differs essentially from P. piloselloides L., which is nearly confined to the West Indies. A closer relationship is perhaps with P. tectum Kaulf., but that species has markedly dimorphous fronds, the sterile ones very much smaller than those of P. latevagans. The alliance with P. ciliatwm Willd. is even more remote. 10 Mixed with this were small plants of Polypodium pilosissimum M. & G., which may be called no. 2379a. 11 Bot. Jahrb. Engler 24 : 126. 1897. 12 Symb. Antill. 9 : 360. 1925 LY amd f Vol. 52, pp. 121-122 July 22, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A Ps, VO ONIAN INSTIAgSS THREE NEW SUBSPECIES BY WALTER KOELZ. I am obligated to the authorities of the American Museum of Natural History, of the Charleston Museum, of the Michigan University Museum, and of the National Museum for the privilege of examining specimens in their collections. I am grateful to Dr. Ernst Mayr for advice. Unless otherwise indicated, specimens on which the descrip- tions are based are in my collection. Dicaeum concolor unicolor, new subspecies. Type.—o, wing 51 mm., taken at Kodaikanal, Palni Hills, Madras Presidency, March 12, 1937, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—6 specimens from the type locality taken March 10-15, 1937, and 5 from Ootacamund, Nilgiri Hills, Madras Presidency, taken on February 16, 1937. Greuened with specimens of concolor from the base of the Nilgiris, these birds have longer wing, larger bill and are darker, with less green yellow in the plumage, especially below, and with the light forehead less marked. Wing measurements: unicolor, 7 o, 49-52.5; 4 9 49-52 mm. concolor, 3 o', 47.5-50; 2 9 47, 47.5 mm. 3 o', 48-50.5; 9 47 mm., ex Whistler, Travancore. Pipilo alleni rileyi, new subspecies. Type.—Adult &, wing 85 mm., taken at Brunswick, Georgia, on March 6, 1939, by W. Koelz. Paratypes.—16 specimens from the type locality; 10 from Leon and Madison Counties, Florida (U. 8. National Museum Collection); 6 from near Charleston, South Carolina (Charleston Museum Collection); and 5 from Cook and Chatham Counties, Georgia (U. S. National Museum Collection). This form is like alleni in having a straw-colored to pale orange eye. It differs from specimens of the typical race (specimens examined from type 28—Proc. Bron. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (121) L 24 1939 122 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. locality, Dummitt’s Grove north of Merritt’s Island, Florida, as well as south of a line from there to Tampa) in having on the average a heavier bill, longer wing and tail, and a longer white spot on the rectrices. Females are, in addition, browner on the throat and above, less gray. I do not consider these pale-eyed forms to belong to the red-eyed species group P. erythrophthalmus for these reasons: Specimens of the race P. e. canaster were common at Brunswick up to the date of my departure April 10, along with rileyz. The latter were breeding commonly in the palmettos. The others showed swelling sex organs, and were found most often in the swamps. Wing measurements: alleni, 27 & (74) 76-82 (86); 18 9 74-80 mm. rileyi, 22 o& (79) 82-88 (89.5); 14 9 (75) 78-83 (85) mm. Melanocorypha maxima kashmirica, new subspecies. Type.—Adult male, wing 156 mm., taken at Hanle, Rupshu, Kashmir, on July 13, 1931, by W. Koelz. Topotypes.—4 males and a female taken at about the same time. Compared with specimens of the typical form from Sikkim in the Roths- child Collection, the Kashmir form is much paler. The black markings of the back are less extensive. The chest is nearly white, not gray. Compared with specimens of subgrisea in the National Museum from near Kokonor, Kansu, taken August 14, 1923, the new race is paler, especially on the crown and nape, with more buff, and with less extensive dark centers to the feathers of the back. It appears in color to be near flavescens, of which I have seen no specimens, but has a longer wing. Wing measurements: kashmirica, 5 o', 150-158; 2 1386 mm. flavescens, 15 specimens: o' 144-152; 2 128-139 mm. an) a ae Vol. 52, pp. 123-124 July 22, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON lx Aa ONIAN INSTI lf A NEW ARACHNID OF THE ORDE PeDIPaLpmpa 20 BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN. Ul 6 Vite NZ Lowa, muse ‘The interesting new arachnid described below was discovere by Mr. Robert Wesson of Tucson, Arizona, by whom it was submitted to the writer. The type is in the author’s collection. Trithyreus wessoni, sp. nov. Body dusky fulvous throughout. Setae of dorsal surface of body and those of legs acutely pointed, none clavate. - Elliptic eye spots distinct. Anterior sternum about three-fourths as wide as long. Second thoracic tergite distinctly divided along the median line, each of the resulting sclerites wider than long. Mesopeltidia present, their inner ends acutely pointed. Trochanter of palpi with anterior inferior angle conspicuously produced distad; the long, convex edge of the article bearing a series of setae. Femur of palpus relatively deep, its inferior edge straight, the dorsal convex. Patella with dorsal margin. Patella long, clavately enlarged distad, the dorsal margin unarmed. Claw less than half the length of the tarsus (upper margin). Coxa of first legs ending considerably batting of distal end of endite. Femur shorter and stouter than patella and but little longer than the tibia. Tarsus and metatarsus together decidedly shorter than the tibia, with metatarsus much shorter than the tarsus. In the fourth legs femur deep as usual, the edge of proximal end obtusely angled at middle, the shorter portion below angle straight, the upper portion curving convexly into dorsal line. Abdomen elongate. Last three segments preceding the last start: together but little exceeding the fourth from the last, which is not much longer than the ultimate. Ultimate article moderately produced at caudal end above at middle. Flagellum with a short basal stalk beyond which it is abruptly swollen into a three-lobed body, the large median lobe of which projects dorsad of caudad. Length from base of chelicerae to base of flagellum about 4.8 mm. Locality.—Arizona: near Tucson. One specimen ‘‘taken under a stone 29—Proc. Brion. Soc. Wass., Vou. 52, 1939. (123) JUL 24 1939 124 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. shaded by small bushes and trees growing along the Santa Cruz River,” by Mr. Robert Wesson, for whom I take pleasure in naming the species. The species is readily distinguished by the form of the flagellum as shown in the accompanying figure. i Trithyreus wessont, sp. nov. Dorsal view of caudal end showing form of flagellum. oa RD a I —_ Vol. 52, pp. 125-130 July 22, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON een ete aS SGN INGT Tiny NEW RACES OF THE GENERA SJ CARPODACUS FROM ME BY ROBERT T. MOORE, California Institute of Technology. “ys Thanks to the industry of Chester C. Lamb, new forms con- tinue to appear in the collections from Mexico. Two of these are described in this paper. For permission to examine the type of Sialia mexicana bairdi, Ridgway, and for the loan of a series of Carpodacus from Jalisco, my thanks are gratefully offered to Dr. Alexander Wetmore and Dr. Herbert Friedmann of the United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution. Sialia mexicana amabile, subsp. nov. CHARMING BLUEBIRD. Type.—Male adult in full breeding condition, nesting; number 20491, collection of Robert T. Moore; Nievero, 4 miles west of Ciudad, Durango, Mexico; March 27, 1937; altitude about 8,000 feet; collected by Chester C. Lamb. Subspecific characters.—Nearest to Sialia mexicana bairdi Ridgway, but dorsal region slightly darker, Hay’s Brown;! the brown coloration much more extensive on the upper parts; brown of the under parts much paler (Mikado Brown, compared with Walnut Brown) and more extensive. The upper parts of the females are darker and the top of the head and neck bluer. Range.—Breeding in the lower part of the Boreal Zone? on Mt. Mohinora 1 Names of colors in this paper, when capitalized, are taken from Ridgway’s ‘* Color Standards and Color Nomenclature,’’ 1912. 2 For an area of great altitudinal diversity such as northwestern Mexico, I deem it desirable to follow the faunistic school of Merriam, as modified and interpreted by Grinnell (Univ. of Calif. Pub. Zool., Vol. XII, 1914, pp. 62-64). In a previous paper (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.; Vol. 50, July 23, 1937, p. 96) I referred to the zone on the top of Mt. Mohinora as the ‘‘ Temperate Zone,”’ following Chapman’s terminology, employed in his discussion of the birds of the Orizaba region. Hereafter I shall use the term ‘‘ Boreal Zone,’’ whose lower limits are indicated by firs and other related trees as well as by its bird life. An error in this paper (loc. cit.) was the use of the word “northeastern” for ‘‘northwestern’”’ in three places under the paragraphs marked ‘‘ Type,” ‘‘Range”’ and ‘‘ Remarks,’’ on pages 101 and 102. 30—Proc. Bron. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939, (125) YUL 24 i939 126 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. from 10,500 feet to the top of the mountain at approximately 11,215 feet and also in the Transition Zone from Laguna Juanota, 55 miles west of Parrél, to Los Frailes, Chihuahua, Arroyo del Buey, northcentral Durango, and Nievero, southwestern Durango. Its winter range is not known. Although Lawrence (Memoirs of Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist., Vol. 2, part 3, No. 2, 1874, p. 267) records a specimen or specimens taken by Grayson at Mazatlan, four years of collecting by Chester C. Lamb and the author have not secured a single individual anywhere in Sinaloa at any time of the year. Specimens examined.—Bairdi: California: Thermal 2 o', Bard 1 <’, near San Antonio Canyon 2 o'1 9. Arizona: Cactus Pass 1 o (Type), Prescott 141 Q, Flagstaff 2 71 9, Graham Mts. 4 &, Parker 1 o’, Tunitcha Mts. 1 6, Santa Catalina Mts. 1 &, Williams 2 o, San Francisco Mt. 1 o, Pinery Canyon 1 <, Rosemont 1 9, Grand Canyon 1 o”, Ft. Lowell 14 ¢ 2 9, Huachuca Mts. 2 1 9, Roosevelt 2 9, Chiricahua Mts. 3 o’; also 8 & from Arizona (breeding period birds in Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.). New Mexico: Reserve 1 o’, Gallina Mts. 4 o', Capitan Mts. 1 o& 2 9, Datil Mts. 2 o’, San Luis Mts. 2 o', Hopewell 2 «1 9, Copperton 2 o 1 juv., Manzana Mts. 1 o, Horse Lake 2 &’, Bear Springs 4 o’, Arroyo Seco 1 Go, Stinking Spring Lakes 1 7, El Vado 1 o, Ft. Wingate 1 &, Hondo Canyon 1 f 1 9, Zuna Mts. 1, Burro Mts. 1, San Mateo Mts. 1, La Jara Lakes 2, Ribera 1 o&, Guyo Canyon 1 <, Garfield 1 &, Tierra Amarillo 1 o. Texas: Davis Mts. 1 & 2 juv., Ft. Davis1 o&. Sonora: Nogales1 ¢. Migrants in Sonora: Alamos 2 <, 11 (?). Chihuahua: Colonia Pacheco 3 SJ 2juv. &,2juv. 2. Intergrades between bairdz and amabile: Chihua- hua: Pinos Altos 20, Bravo 2, Chihuahua 3, Colonia Garcia 5 & 3 2, Colonia Pacheco 1 @ 1 9. Amabile: Chihuahua: Laguna Juanota 5 J 3juv. 73 9, Mt. Mohinora 4 «5 9, near Guadelupe y Calvo 3 ¢, Los Frailes 2 «1,4 9. Durango: Muertocite 2 9, Ojito 1 o, Nieverol & (Type) 1 92, El Salto 6 @ 3 9. Zacatecas: “Talparaiso Mts.” 1 ¢. Australis: Vera Cruz: Mt. Orizaba 2c’ 1 9. Mexico: Popocatapetl 1 # 1 2. Morelos: Huitzilac 1 9. Michoacan: Patamban 3 o. Remarks.—As early as the publication of the Birds of North and Middle America, Ridgway called attention to the differences between the birds of northwestern Mexico and those of the United States, but lack of a sufficient series probably made him hesitate to describe the new form. W. deWitt Miller (Birds from Northwestern Durango, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXII, Art X, p. 188) emphasized the differences and called attention to the fact that they ‘“‘exemplify the extreme chestnut-backed type of coleration.” This extreme extension of the brown both above and below occurs in the center of the range of the species (Chihuahua and Durango), for both batrdz to the north and australis to the south have this brown coloration more restricted. This is particularly true of the upper parts of australis, which in the state of Morelos show hardly any brown above. The geographical distribution of the Sizalia sialis and Sialia mexicana groups in northwestern Mexico seems quite extraordinary. South of the Sonora-Chihuahua cross section of the range sialias is confined to the western Moore—Sialia and Carpodacus from Mexico. 127 slopes of the Sierra Madres in Sinaloa and mexicana to the eastern slopes in Durango. In the United States the distribution is exactly the opposite, sialis being found in the east and mexicana in the west! We have a very large series of both species, S. sialis fulua and S. mexicana amabile, covering the Sierra Madres from central Chihuahua to southern Sinaloa and Durango. Both species are confined to the high mountains. South of Sonora and Chihuahua fulva appears only on the western slopes ascending to at least 6,000 feet in southern Sinaloa, whereas amabile occurs only on the eastern slopes from an altitude of 5,000 feet to the top of Mt. Mohinora at over 11,000 feet. Neither species appears to cross the highest backbone of this range, and yet there seems to be no insuperable barrier, except the marked meteorological differences in the south, to prevent the movements of high mountain species from one slope to the other. That the bird of Mt. Mohinora, a heavy rainfall area in the center of the range, should have the dry eastern slope species, is not the anomaly it appears to be, for the same is true in other high mountain families, in which the species range in the Transition and Boreal Zones, such as the woodpeckers (Im- perial), parrots (Thick-Billed) and Solitaires (calophonus). To the north in west central Chihuahua and Sonora the situation seems quite different. Frazar took two specimens of S. mexicana bairdi and one specimen of S. sialis fulva from the same place, Bravo, Chihuahua. It would seem that the distributional lines of these two species cross each other like an ‘‘X,” the point of the crossing being approximately in west central Chihuahua. The range of S. szalis begins in northeastern United States and proceeds south and southwesterly to Chihuahua, finally crossing the breeding range of bairdi and appears at Churo on the Barranca del Cobre in the center of the mountain chain, where I found it breeding in 1934, and where bairdi was absent. S. szalis fulva’s range then proceeds southwest to the western slopes of the Sierra Madres and continues on this slope to southern Sinaloa (Rancho Batel). The range of the Szalia mexicana group begins in northwestern United States and proceeds southeasterly through Arizona and New Mexico, thence to the eastern slopes of the Sierras through Durango and Michoacan to Morelos. So far it has not occurred west of the Sierra Madres, except for one questionable record in Sinaloa and certain migrants at Alamos in southern Sonora. We have not taken a single specimen in Sinaloa in our intensive collecting of the past five years! The questionable record is Lawrence’s, who quotes Grayson as taking it at “Mazatlan” on the coast (Mem. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 2, Part 3, No. 2, 1874, p. 267). If this bird really came from Mazatlan, which I doubt, it was certainly a migrant. It should be emphasized that only Frazar has found the two species at the same locality (Bravo, July 27). Nowhere have we secured them at the same place in Sinaloa or Durango. The distribution of the two species in southern Mexico still further com- plicates the picture, but that is a problem which can be discussed intelli- gently only when large series have been collected. I have found this same kind of distribution of congeneric species in northwestern Mexico in other genera, which will be discussed in a later report. 128 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Carpodacus mexicanus coccineus, subsp. nov. 1 SCARLET-BREASTED HOUSE FINCH. Type.—Male adult, in worn nuptial plumage, no. 31826, collection U. 8. National Mus.; ‘‘Mts. of Colima,’’ Colima, Mexico; June, 1863, collected by John Xantus. Orig. No. 1003. On the back of the original tag is written “514.3 Iris brown.”’ Probably taken at 6000 feet altitude, on the Volcan de Nieve. Subspecific characters.—Resembling in nuptial plumage most closely Carpodacus m. potosinus, but differing in having the red of the worn nuptial plumage Scarlet, as compared with Nopal Red; ground color of upper parts paler Drab as compared with Benzo Brown, suffused with Scarlet instead of Scarlet Brown; ground color of posterior under parts whiter; size about the same. In winter plumage of early fall, adult males slightly paler on upper parts, streaking wider on posterior under parts. The female series is not truly comparable, but in worn nuptial plumage, they seem to have the upper parts paler, more Drab as compared with Fuscous, and the ground color of the under parts whiter. Range.—Mountains of Colima, western Jalisco and Nayarit north to Tepic and Guadalajara, east through Jalisco to at least La Barca, possibly to Patzcuaro, Michoacan. The northern Jalisco (Bolafios and Colotlan) birds are intergrades with ceniralis, closer to coccineus. Specimens examined.—Mexico: Colima: Mountains of Colima 1 0, (Type). Jalisco: Tonilal 71 9, Talpal o, Mascota1 <, Zocoalco 1 o, Guadalajara2 9, Ocotlan 2 o, Zapotlan4 «1 2, La Barcal &. Nayarit: near Tepic 5 Ad. o' 4 Im. o' 2 Ad. 9 2Im @Q. Intergrades with centralis: Michoacan: Patzcuaro1 o. Jalisco: Bolafios1 1 9, Colotlani ¢. Remarks.—This bird is the most brilliant scarlet race in male nuptial plumage of any of the House Finches. Were it not for the fact that every one of the fifteen adult males in the worn nuptial plumage from April to July is uniformly Scarlet, one might conclude they represent merely the “orange type” of coloration, observable in some of the island forms. Comparison with all the aberrant color individuals of all races proves the tone is very different, much less orange and more brilliant. As the speci- mens come from four states of Mexico and ten different localities, there can be little doubt that this is the standard coloration of this race. Even the immature males have it and their upper parts are heavily suffused with it. This race has been overlooked merely because of failure to assemble suffi- cient material and the lack of the fresh specimens, which I now have. With the birds to the south in Guerrero, coccineus need not be compared, as it is exceedingly different, in particular much more expansively red on the under parts. From the geographically closest bird to the east, namely centralis of Guanajuato, it is separated by its smaller size and much less extensively red under parts and brighter coloration. It is closest to the geographically more distant bird to the northeast, potosinus of San Luis Potosi, but differs as described above. Differing markedly from the tiny Moore—Sialia and Carpodacus from Mexico. 129 rhodopnus of the coastal plains of Sinaloa, it is not only much larger, but of a totally different coloration both in nuptial and winter plumage and sharply streaked below, where rhodopnus has practically none. Four males from Zapotlan and Zocoalco, in worn nuptial plumage (March 18—April 18) kindly loaned to me by Mr. Kinnear of the British Museum, confirm the characters in every particular. Thanks to Mr. H. G. Deignan of the United States National Museum, I can quote from a letter of John Xantus, dated Colima June 19, 1863, which seems to give information concerning the Type specimen. He wrote: “Tn my nesting I went up also to the Volcan de Nieve about 8000 (feet) high, and collected there also many nests in the gulches . . . on the volcano about 6000 feet up I got specimens of the Carpodacus frontalis, Pipilo fuscus (?) .. .”. It was undoubtedly on this excursion that he collected the Type. aig ital a hy iy om ay seslenegRE bia ; weil a Vol. 52, pp. 131-134 October 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON “4 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLUMMERS ISLAND, MARYLAND. BY E. A. GOLDMAN anp H. H. T. JACKSON. IX. Mammats.! -No systematic survey of the mammalian fauna of Plummers Island, or its vicinity, has ever been undertaken. The following list embraces 30 species that have been collected or observed, or whose presence on the island has been definitely determined by tracks, during a period of about 37 years. Owing to lack of field work it is not feasible to list all the mammals of the ‘‘ main- land,”’ as the tract of about 40 acres belonging to the Washington Biologists’ Field Club on the adjacent Maryland shore is commonly called by club members. It seems desirable, however, to direct attention to an additional list of eleven species that are known from the general region and may be expected to occur on the island or the “‘mainland’’ area. In the preparation of these lists the card records kept at the island for many years, mainly by Dr. A. K. Fisher, have afforded an indispensable basis. Special acknowledgment is also due to Vernon Bailey who has brought together so much information in his “‘Mammals of the District of Columbia’’ (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 36, pp. 103-138, May 1, 1923), which has been freely consulted by us: The lists directed attention to many gaps in our knowledge of the mammals of Plummers Island and vicinity, gaps which it is hoped may be filled through an intensified interest of club members in this branch of natural history. 1 The following numbers of this series have been published previously: I (Introduction), Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48 : 115-117. 1935; II (Flowering plants and ferns), op cit. 118-134; III (Mosses), op cit. 135-137; IV (Birds), op cit. 159-167; V (Fungi), op cit. 49 : 123-131. 1936; VI (Reptiles and amphibians), op cit. 50 : 137-139. 1937; VII (Hepaticae), op cit. 52 : 21-22. 1939; VIII (Lichens), op cit. 23-26. 31—Proc. Brion. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (131) OCT 16 1939 132 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Didelphis virginiana virginiana. Virginia Opossum. Common. A nocturnal prowler around cabin. Scalopus aquaticus aquaticus. Eastern Mole. Common on the lower parts of the island. Blarina brevicauda brevicauda. Short-tailed Shrew. Several trapped by A. K. Fisher and F. M. Uhler in the cabin. Myotis subulatus leibii. Least Brown Bat. Smallest of the bats of the eastern United States. The synonym, Myotis winnemana, was based on a specimen taken on the island by A. K. Fisher. Myotis keeni septentrionalis. Trouessart’s Little Brown Bat. Several flew into cabin and were captured by W. R. Maxon, W. H. Osgood, H. S. Barber, and A. K. Fisher at various times. Myotis lucifugus lucifugus. Little Brown Bat. One collected by A. K. Fisher, June, 1904. Lasionycteris noctivagans. Silver-haired Bat. One captured in cabin by A. K. Fisher, October, 1906. Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus. Georgian Bat. One caught in cabin by A. K. Fisher, March 23, 1907. Abundant in the region. Eptesicus fuscus fuscus. Large Brown Bat. One killed in cabin by A. K. Fisher, August 5, 1905. One caught, probably accidentally, in mouse trap set in cabin by H. S. Barber, January 21, 1907. One specimen taken from trap in cabin by F. M. Uhler and A. L. Nelson on January 15, 1939. Common in the region. Lasiurus borealis borealis. Red Bat. Six records of captures in cabin. Common in the region. One young apparently just able to fly collected July 15, 1914 (Bailey, l.c., p. 133). Nycticeius humeralis. Evening Bat. One captured in the cabin by H. S. Barber, September 7, 1910. Procyon lotor lotor. Raccoon. Common. Fresh tracks frequently seen. Mustela frenata noveboracensis. Eastern Long-tailed Weasel. Den containing young found by W. R. Maxon, June 9, 1907. Mustela vison mink. Mink. Tracks in mud identified by A. K. Fisher, March 22, 1908; January 11, 1914; and March 6, 1921. Fairly common in the region. Mephitis mephitis nigra. Eastern Skunk. Common. Fresh tracks frequently seen. Lutra canadensis canadensis. Eastern Otter. Tracks between air holes in ice identified by A. K. Fisher, Jeauay 13, 1910, and December 10, 1311. Vulpes fulva fulva. Eastern Red Fox. Tracks noted in snow almost every winter. Bailey (1.c., p. 122) records - the observation of one by A. K. Fisher and Alexander Wetmore on the Virginia shore opposite the island in 1922. Goldman and Jackson—Natural History of Plummers Island. 133 Felis domestica. Domestic Cat. Feral individuals occur. Marmota monax monax. Groundhog; Southern Woodchuck. Resident. Holes at base of cliff near cabin. Tamias striatus striatus. Chipmunk. Former resident, but not observed in recent years. Sciurus hudsonicus loqguax. Red Squirrel. Former resident, and may still occur, but not common. One swimming from island to Virginia shore was captured by H. S. Barber, Sep- tember 6, 1908. Sciurus carolinensis carolinensis. Carolina Gray Squirrel. Resident. Sciurus niger neglectus. Fox Squirrel. Former resident, but now of rare and erratic occurrence. Glaucomys volans volans. Small Eastern Flying Squirrel. Former resident, and probably still occurs. Several nested in gourds placed in trees by A. K. Fisher. One collected by F. M. Uhler, February 15, 1937. Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis. White-footed Mouse. Common. Specimens taken at various times. Neotoma pennsylvanica. Eastern Wood Rat. Resident. © Sylvilagus floridanus mallurus. Eastern Cottontail. Common. Pitymys pinetorum scalopsoides. Pine Mouse. Specimens were obtained by A. K. Fisher, December 31, 1906. Others were collected by E. A. and L. C. Goldman, November 6, 1938, in runways found on the low ground at the base of the hill near the ferry landing. Ondatra zibethica macrodon. Virginia Muskrat. F. M. Uhler has recently noted definite signs of occurrence along the ““mainland”’ side of the narrow channel crossed by the ferry. His observations in such close proximity seem to warrant the inclusion of this common and widely dispersed species in the regular list for the island. Mus musculus musculus. House Mouse. Common pest, trapped from time to time in cabin. The following list is of 11 species that have not yet been reported but may be expected to occur on the island or the ‘‘mainland’’: Condylura cristata. Star-nosed Mole. Known from Cabin John and, therefore, probably occurs on the “mainland.” Sorex fontinalis. Maryland Shrew. Known from Cabin John and may be found both on the island and the “mainland.” 134 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Sorex longirostris longirostris. Bachman’s Shrew. Recorded from Falls Church, Va., and Chesapeake Beach, Md. Microsorex hoyi winnemana. Winnemana Pigmy Shrew. Rare. Smallest American mammal known, and one of the smallest known mammals in the world. Taken at Stubblefield Falls, in nearby Virginia, and at Berwyn, Md. , Cryptotis parva. Least Short-tailed Shrew. Known from Laurel, Md., and Falls Church, Va. Pipistrellus subflavus obscurus. Dusky Georgian Bat. Two specimens, recorded by Bailey (l.c., p. 187) taken flying over river near the island September 9, 1905. Assumed to be migrants. Lasiurus cinereus. Hoary Bat. Recorded from Chain Bridge (Bailey, 1. c., p. 182). Probably visits the island during migration. Urocyon cinereoargenteus cinereoargenteus. Eastern Gray Fox. Reports indicate the presence of this species along the cliffs flanking the Potomac River and it is probably an occasional visitor. The remains of rabbits killed on the island by a fox, perhaps of this species, were noted by Alexander Wetmore, February 1, 1918. Microtus pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus. Meadow Mouse. Abundant in the region. Not reported, but doubtless inhabits the “mainland” and may occur on the island. Zapus hudsonicus americanus. Carolina Jumping Mouse. Bailey (l.c.) records one collected near Cabin John by E. W. Nelson, in 1913. Probably inhabits the “mainland,” but occurrence on island more doubtful. Rattus norvegicus. Brown Rat. Common on the ‘‘mainland’’ near the old house close to the lock in the canal. ee Vol. 52, pp. 135-136 October 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO UNDESCRIBED SOUTH AMERICAN BARBETS. BY PIERCE BRODKORB. In the course of identifying material recently received from the Oriente of Ecuador by the University of Michigan, a com- parison of some barbets from that region was made with others from Colombia and Peru, all currently passing under the name Capito auratus punctatus Lesson. The three groups show certain differences which in my opinion call for the division of the birds of these countries into three distinct subspecies. Capito auratus macintyrei, subsp. nov. Type.—Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool. No. 96463; <7 ad.; Andoas, Rio Pastaza, Oriente, Ecuador; altitude 500 meters; April 1, 1938 : Wm. Clarke-Mac- intyre. Characters.—Difiers from Capito auratus punctatus Lesson, of Colombia, in having the pileum citrine or orange citrine posteriorly, fading anteriorly to aniline yellow, sulphine yellow, or strontian yellow; bill stouter. Female with throat more heavily streaked with black; crown as in male. Named for the collector, William Clarke-Macintyre, director of the museum of the Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito. Capito auratus conjunctus, subsp. nov. Type.—Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool. No. 87786; o ad.; Pozuzo, eastern Peru; December, 1903; W. Hoffmanns. Characiers.—Differs from punctatus of Colombia in having the pileun- about bister, fading anteriorly to sulphine yellow, with the feathers of the anterior part of the crown strongly washed or streaked with orange; male with smaller streaks on sides; female much less heavily streaked on throat, breast, and sides than either punctatus or macintyrei; bill weak as in punc- tatus. Remarks.—In a series of seven topotypes of punctatus from Buena Vista, Colombia, borrowed from the American Museum through the kindness of Mr. John T. Zimmer, the posterior part of the pileum is mummy brown, passing into medal bronze or orange citrine on the anterior portion. An 32—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (135) OCT 16 1939 136 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. old specimen in the U. S. National Museum, without original label but said to have been collected by Prof. Orton at Archidon on the Rio Napo, agrees with Colombian material, and.I suspect that it may have come from the north, as many of Orton’s specimens did. Two recently collected skins of authentic Rio Napo origin in our collection agree with others from the Oriente. x . Conjunctus, in the orange tinge on the crown and the reduction of streaks below in the female, constitutes a link between the forms punctatus and macintyret on the one hand and with auratus and inexpectatus on the other, The difference in shape and stoutness of the bill of the Ecuadorean birds is apparent to the eye, but I have been unable to express it by measure- ments. : Material examined.—C. a. punctatus—Colombia: Buena Vista 7; not further specified 1. C. a. macintyrec—Ecuador: Andoas, Rio Pastaza 1; Tunegrama, Rio Pastaza 1; Rio Cotapino 2; Rio Napo2. C. a. conjunctus— Peru: Pozuzo 2; Moyobamba 2; not further specified 1. woe AD . Vol. 52, pp. 137-138 October 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON “ae NOTES ON THE RACES OF RHEA AMERICANA (LINNAEUS). BY PIERCE BRODKORB. Dearth of museum material has always hampered study of the struthious birds. The subspecific status of the rheas of Para- guay remained undetermined until last year when the University of Michigan received a series of an unrecognized race from the Chaco. Recently we have received four additional skins from eastern Paraguay, which prove to belong to a second unrecog- nized form. The large rivers of South America seem to be impassable faunal barriers for these flightless birds, for it appears that the Pilcomayo, the Paraguay, and the Parana, at least, form bound- aries of the ranges of different races. Subspecific variation follows certain geographic trends. Size tends to increase southward and color to deepen. The largest form of all occurs in the Chaco, but in apparent response to climatic conditions its color has turned pale, instead of darkening. A summary of the characters and ranges of the known sub- species follows. Rhea americana americana (Linnaeus). Struthio americanus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1758 : 155. SE Brazil, ex Marcgrave. Characters.—Size small (tarsus 305 mm.); py region dark brown; neck dull white. Range.—Northeastern Brazil: Maranhao to northern Bahia. Rhea americana intermedia Rothschild and Chubb. Rhea americana intermedia Rothschild and Chubb, Nov. Zool., 21, 1914: 223. Barra San Juan, Colonia, Uruguay. 33—Proc. Brot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (137) | 16 1939. 138 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Characters.—Size small (tarsus 300-307 mm.); interscapular region ash gray; neck buffy white. Range.—Southern Brazil and Uruguay. Rhea americana nobilis, subsp. nov. Type.—Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool., No. 100,001; male adult; 40 kilometers west-southwest of Capitén Bado, east Paraguay; November 16, 1938; A. Schulze, original No. 7266. Characters.—Size large (tarsus 342-366 mm.); interscapular region dark brown; lower half of neck jet black, upper half orange-cinnamon; flanks vinaceous cinnamon to pinkish buff. Range.—Paraguay, east of the Rio Paraguay (Capitan Bado, Horqueta, Rosario). The specimen from near Rosario is an immature bird and is referred to this.race on geographical grounds. Rhea americana albescens Arribalzaga and Holmberg. Rhea albescens Arribalzaga and Holmberg, Naturalista Argentina, 1, 1878: 101. Carhue, Buenos Aires, Argentina; albino! Rhea rothschildi Brabourne and Chubb, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 8th ser., 8, 1911: 273. Los Yngleses, Aj6, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Characters.—Size large (tarsus 330-337 mm.); interscapular region black; neck mostly black. Range.—Plains of Argentina, south to Rio Negro. Rhea americana araneipes Brodkorb. Rhea americana araneipes Brodkorb, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., No. 367, 1988 : 1. Kilometer 195, west of Puerto Casado, Paraguay. Characters.—Largest (tarsus 351-370 mm.); interscapular region grayish brown; lower third of neck black, upper two-thirds pale buffy; flanks ashy gray. Range.—Paraguayan Chaco. It is probably also this race which inhabits eastern Bolivia. The status of Matto Grosso birds is undetermined; they are probably either araneipes or nobilis, since the measurements published by Stone are large. vail pertfittade Vol. 52, pp. 139-144 October 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE GENERA OF PHALLOSTETHIDAE. BY ALBERT W. C. T. HERRE, Stanford University, California. The little fishes known as Phallostethidae are among the most remarkable of all living fishes. The males have an extraordinary muscular organ attached to the under side of the head and throat. This structure bears either one or two movable external bones, which Regan, the discoverer and first describer of any of this group, says are not homologous with any bones in ordinary fishes. This whole complicated structure is a priapium, or copulatory organ. The movable bone or bones are used in clasping the female, fertilization being internal. The eggs are thread-bearing and. are attached to aquatic plants. Regan described two-genera and three species, from brackish water in Malaya, and placed them in the Cyprinodontidae. Some years later I discovered three species, belonging to two genera, in mountain brooks and fresh water lakes in Luzon, P. I. Two species had a first dorsal, a feature not possessed by any cyprinodont, but I blindly followed Regan’s arrangement. The discovery of additional species by Villadolid, Myers, Smith, and Manacop, threw new light on Phallostethid affinities. Hubbs pointed out their relationship to atherinid fishes, and Myers created a new suborder for them in the order Percesoces, equal to the suborders Mugiloidea and Polynemoidea. The work of Bailey seems to lead with little doubt to the conclusion that the priapium is comparable to the pelvic girdle complex of the polynemid fishes. The arrangement of the 14 different species of Phallostethidae now known, is a matter of some difficulty. Genera have been created by Regan, myself, Myers, and Aurich. The latter writer has done a very fine piece of 34—Proc. Brox. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (139) 5 QCT 16 1939 Pony 140 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. work on the skeletal morphology of the priapium, studying four Philippine species, two of which are described by him as new. These two he has placed in a new genus, Solenophallus, but they evidently do not belong in the same genus. As he has failed to designate a genotype for his genus, it has no standing under the International Rules of Nomenclature. However, I accept his genus although his defective descriptions of species and genus make it difficult to tell exactly what he had, without specimens for com- parison. In my own papers, as well as in those by Myers, Villadolid and Manacop, a certain error has been repeated. We have all given the name of pulvinulus to what is really the pulvinular appendage. Had any of us studied carefully Regan’s excellent figures along with our specimens we would not have made this error. Aurich has recognized the difference, but has rejected Regan’s analysis. He names the pulvinulus “ Priapbug,”’ and applies pulvinulus to the pulvinular appendage. The discovery of an additional species in Luzon by Manacop, and one in Borneo by me, and further collections by me in the Philippines, Borneo, and Malaya, and the appearance of Aurich’s paper, all in 1936-37, neces- sitate the diagnosis of additional genera, and a new generic key. Key To THE GENERA OF PHALLOSTETHIDAE. A. A toxactinium present, with a shield-like pulvinulus over its base; one ctenactinium present. B. Anal fin of 26 to 28 rays; ctenactinium serrated; jaws equal or lower slightly included; first dorsal not observed; abdomen of female with a groove.............--..---.--- 1. PHALLOSTETHUS Regan BB. Anal fin of 14 or 15 rays; ctenactinium not serrated; lower jaw projecting; first dorsal of 1 ray; no groove on female SCO nae nse Lu Mula Beak i ban? We 2. PHENACOSTETHUS Myers AA. Toxactinium absent; pulvinulus reduced, small, or even absent, its appendage variously shaped or absent. C. No first dorsal; 2 ctenactinia, one very short. D. Nape and opercles scaled. Anal I-13-18; no pul- vinulus or appendage visible, the appendage replaced by a thin strip of tender skin._.3. MIROPHALLUS Herre DD. Nape and opercles naked; anal I-18-21; an oval pulvinular appendage visible, its margin free... 4. SOLENOPHALLUS Aurich CC. A first dorsal of 1 or 2 rays; nape and opercles naked except 1 species of Neostethus with 3 opercular scales. E. 2 long ctenactinia present; no comb-like cilia on hind end of priapium. F. No pulvinulus or appendage visible, but only a thin strip of tender skin; mountain brook © fishes with rather stout body... 5. GULLAPHALLUS Herre Herre—The Genera of Phallostethidae. 141 FF, Pulvinulus reduced, its appendage visible as an oval plate with depressed center on aproctal side of priapum, its tip or posterior half more or less free, and its margin almost wholly free. Brackish water fishes of very slender form and strongly marked ‘‘neck’’; a small fringe of coarse cilia sometimes present on the tissue connecting neck and priapium and concealed by the projecting rounded end of the latter... 6. CERATOSTETHUS Myers HE.A single long ctenactinium present in adult males; comb-like cilia on hind end of priapium present or absent. G. Ctenactinium slender, strongly curved, without a membranous fold or margin along its edge; priapium without a flat many-spined process on_ infrasulcular prominence. H, Female with a curved, sharp-pointed bony projection from the breast, beneath gill opening and behind anus; males without visible pulvinulus, and no pulvinular appendage; no comb- like fringe of cilia on hind end of [OD EIEEY oy On a ld 9 IMRAN NOU A SPC SN SCREEN Madr 7. ACANTHOSTETHUS Herre, new genus H#. No pointed bony papilla on breast of female; a fringe of comb-like cilia on rear margin of priapium; pulvinular appendage oval, its pointed posterior tip more or less free, its margin free or nearly so. I. Priapium without an open fringed groove (one species with 3 oper- — cular scales) 8. NEOSTETHUS Regan . II. An open groove on priapium, with a dense fringe along both PANETT Aue vulat ce MMe aL MOI Ny 9. CTENOPHALLUS Herre, new genus GG. Ctenactinium little curved, with a broad membranous margin along lower side of its proximal half; region of infrasulcular prominence with a large flat fleshy process, with 9 or 10 short sharp recurved spines on upper hind border, and 2 longer forward-pointing spines on its front edge; no comb-like fringe on hind end of priapium.....10. PLECTROSTETHUS Myers 142 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. ,Genus PHALLOSTETHUS Regan. Phallostethus dunckert Regan. Only known from Regan’s description and specimens from Johore. - Genus PHENACOSTETHUS Myers. Phenacostethus smithi Myers. ° Abundant in canals in Bangkok, Siam; not known elsewhere as yet. Genus MIROPHALLUS Herre. Mirophallus bikolanus Herre. Known only from Lakes Bato and Lanigay, both fresh water, in south- eastern Luzon. Genus SOLENOPHALLUS Aurich. Solenophallus thessa Aurich. Known only from the large fresh-water lake, Mainit, in northeastern Mindanao. Genus GULAPHALLUS Herre. Gulaphallus eximius Herre. Scales in longitudinal series, 56-58. Only known from two collections made by me from a mountain brook near Santa Fe, Nueva Vizcaya proy- ince, Luzon. This is the largest and bulkiest of known phallostethids. Gulaphallus mirabilis Herre. Seales in longitudinal series, 34-38. Abundant in various streams belonging to the drainage system of Manila Bay. Its presence in the Molawin, a brook running through the campus of the College of Agricul- ture, near Laguna de Bay, Luzon, enabled Villadolid and Manacop to study its habits, breeding, embryology, and the ontogeny of the external parts of the priapium. The osteology has been carefully worked by Bailey. Genus CERATOSTETHUS Myers. Ceratostethus bicornis (Regan). Abundant in brackish waters on the island of Singapore. It is also reported by Myers from Palawan, P. I. The 3 original immature types came from Kuala Langat, on the coast of Selangor, Malay Peninsula. ACANTHOSTETHUS HERRE, new genus. Genotype Acanthostethus falcifer (Manacop), from central Luzon, P. :. This genus is set apart from other Phallostethid fishes by the possession in the female of a curved, sharp-pointed bony papilla or projection from the breast. It is beneath the gill opening and behind the anal opening, which is in the throat below the opercle. The abdominal fringe, anus, oviduct, and ureter opening are not in a groove. In adult males there is a single strongly curved slender ctenactinium, articulated to the side of the enlarged free posterior end of the priapium; Herre—The Genera of Phallostethidae. 143 its tip usually lies in a groove between the chin and the anterior end of the priapium, but sometimes it perforates the tissue near the junction of the anterior end of the priapium and the head. On the side opposite the base of the ctenactinium is a small bone just beneath the skin, its hard sharp hooked tip projecting almost at a right angle from the corner of the anterior end of the free part of the priapium. This tiny bone is probably the same as the papillary bone supporting the seminal papilla in Neostethus. There is no visible pulvinulus or pulvinular appendage; the part marked pulvinulus in Manacop’s figure is a part of the posterior half of the priapium. There is no comb-like fringe of cilia on the rear end of the priapium, its projecting rounded posterior being perfectly smooth. The anal fin is of moderate length, II-13-14; first dorsal II, over the anterior half of the anal fin; second dorsal I-6, its origin over the posterior part of the anal fin. The head, nape, and throat are without scales. Scales 30 to 32 in a longitudinal, 7 in a transverse series, and 14 to 16 predorsal scales. One species known from brooks around Mt. Arayat, and gurami ponds in the municipality of Mexico, Pampanga Province, Luzon. The eggs and embryology of this fish have been studied and reported upon by Manacop. Genus NEOSTETHUS Regan. The limits of this genus are not well understood, as no specimens of the type species are available in this country for comparison. There seems to be considerable variation in the development of the small spine called a second actinium by Villadolid and Manacop, and ‘“‘ Priapklaue”’ by Aurich. -Neostethus lankesteri Regan. The only specimens known-are those described by Regan, 5 adult males and one adult female, from the Muar River, and from Singapore, all from brackish water. Neostethus amaricola (Villadolid and Manacop). Widespread in brackish water creeks and mangrove swamps in the Philippines. Originally described from a suburb of Manila, it is known from the northeastern tip of Luzon to Leyte and Negros. It is abundant about Dumaguete, and probably occurs on most Philippine coasts. Neostethus siamensis Myers. Only known from one female, collected in the estuary of the Chantabun River, southeastern Siam, by Dr. H. M. Smith. Neostethus borneensis Herre. This delicate little fish swarms in tidal creeks and brackish water swamps around Sandakan Bay, British North Borneo. Scales in lateral series 26 or 25 in males, 26 or 27 in females; predorsal scales 15 or 16; rarely more in females; 3 large scales on the opercles. First dorsal II, or rarely I; second dorsal I-4; anal IJ—13-12; pectoral I-8. Origin of second dorsal over base of 12th or 13th anal ray in males; in females it is over the base of the last ray, or behind the anal. 144 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. CTENOPHALLUS HERRE, new genus. From other phallostethids this genus is separated by the different structure of the priapium. On the ventral side of the penis bone is an open groove, bordered on both margins by fine cilia, as shown in Aurich’s figures. The large pulvinular appendage is almost equal to the diameter of the eye. The posterior end of the priapium has a comb-like row of cilia. First dorsal I; second dorsal 5, rarely 6 or 7; anal I-13-16; pectoral I- 9 or 10. Gill-rakers long and smooth, 2 plus 13 on the first arch. Ctenophallus ctenophorus (Aurich). Only known from specimens collected by Woltereck, and said by Aurich to come from tributaries of Laguna de Bay, Luzon, P.I. Itisa pity a more definite locality was not given, as it certainly does not occur in some of the tributaries flowing into this great fresh water lake. In most respects it seems to be very close to Neostethus amaricola, a brackish water species. Genus PLECTROSTETHUS Myers. Plectrostethus palawanensis Myers. Known only from the west coast of Palawan, P. I. LITERATURE CONSULTED. Avrico, H. Die Phallostethiden, Int. Revue Hydrob. und Hydrog. Band 34, pp. 263-286, 1937. Baitny, Ratpeu J. The Osteology and Relationships of the Phallostethid Fishes. Journ. Morph., vol. 59, pp. 453-483. Herre, ALBERT W. C. T. Two Strange New Fishes from Luzon. Phil. Journ. Sci., vol. 27, pp. 507-513, 1925. Four New Philippine Fishes. Phil. Journ. Sci., vol. 31, pp. 533-543, 1926. Mawnacop, P. R. A New Phallostethid Fish, with Notes on Its Early Development. Phil. Journ. Sci., vol. 59, pp. 375-381, March, 1936. Myers, Grorce 8. The Systematic Position of the Phallostethid Fishes, with Diagnosis of a New Genus from Siam. Am. Mus. Novi- tates No. 295, pp. 1-12, 1928. A New Phallostethid Fish from Palawan. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 48, pp. 5-6, 1935. Notes on Phallostethid Fishes. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 84, pp. 137-148, 1937. Reaan, C. T. The Morphology of the Cyprinodont Fishes of the Sub- _ family Phallostethinae, with Descriptions of a new Genus and Two New Species. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1916, pp. 1-26, 1916. Smita, HueH M. The Fish Neostethus in Siam. Science, new ser., vol. 65, pp. 353-355, 1927. —— —— ' Notes on Some Siamese Fishes. Journ. Siam Soc., Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, pp. 11-14, 1929. ViLLADOLID, D. V., and Manacop, P. R. The Philippine Phallostethidae, a -Description of a New Species, and a Report on the Biology of Gulaphallus mirabilis Herre. Phil. Journ. Sci., vol. 55, pp. 193-220, November, 1934. Co ae cp Vol. 52, pp. 145-146 October 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW ABEILLE’S GROSBEAK FROM TAMAULIPAS. BY GEORGE MIKSCH SUTTON anp THOMAS D. BURLEIGH. Among the most interesting specimens obtained by the John B. Semple Ornithological Expedition to northeastern Mexico (January 27 to March 6, 1938) are three adult Abeille’s Grosbeaks (two males and a female) which were collected by the authors on March 4, not far from the Sabinas River in the vicinity of Gomez Farias, Tamaulipas, and which apparently represent an-undescribed race. This race we propose to call Hesperiphona abeillii saturata, subsp. nov. Type.—Adult male in unworn plumage, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 342075 (Biol. Surv. colleetion); Rio Sabinas, near the village of Gomez Farias, southwestern Tamaulipas, Mexico, March 4, 1938; collected by Thomas D. Burleigh. ae Subspecific characters.—Dullest and most olive-gray of the races of Hesperiphona abeillii. Males much less yellow both above and below than in H. a. abeillii (Lesson); duller and more olive-gray than in H. a. cobanensis Nelson; and darker, olive-backed rather than brown-backed, and consid- erably shorter-tailed than in H. a. pallida Nelson. Females duller through- out than in straight abeillii; duller and grayer than in cobanensis; and darker, greener-backed, and shorter-tailed than in pallida.! Range.—So far as is known, the “‘hill country”’ of southwestern Tamauli- pas. Probably occurs also in southern Nuevo Leon and eastern San Luis Potosi. Remarks.—Compared with three male and three female H. a. abeillii from Huachinango,? Puebla, our three birds are noticeably dull, the males * being more olive (less yellow) both above and below, and more extensively black on the throat; the female being gray rather than buffy white on the throat, darker throughout the underparts, and much less yellowish-olive on the back. As for cobanensis, a form originally described as “‘brighter’’ 1 The tail of Nelson’s type measures 63:mm.; in two female pallida at hand the tail measures 69 and 71. 2 Spelled Huachinango and Huachunango in Nelson’s original description of H. a. pallida (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 41, 1928, 155). Spelled Huanchinango and Huachinango on the labels of six E. A. Goldman specimens at hand.—G.M.§. 35—Proc. Biou. Soc. Wasa., Vou. 52, 1939. (145) QoT 16 1999 146 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. even than abeilliz,, Dr. Harry C. Oberholser has been good enough to compare our series with Nelson’s type (from Coban, Vera Paz, Guatemala) and he reports our birds as ‘‘certainly not of that form, being much duller and more grayish.”’ The characters of pallida have given us trouble. This race was named from a single specimen, a female. The type (from Jesus Maria; Chihuahua) is at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Sending our three birds on, we asked Mr. James L. Peters to compare them for us. This Mr. Peters graciously did, reporting as follows: “The type of pallida is a worn breeding female taken in June, very brown above, not a particularly good skin, and most of the feathers are gone off the lower back . . . Your birds are definitely not abeillii, but you will have to see more! material to tell whether they may be referred to pallida or represent another form.” “More material’? we finally obtained from Mr. Robert T. Moore, of Pasadena, California, who courteously sent on six specimens, three males and two females from Sinaloa (June and July), and a single male from Chihuahua, all of which we assume to be pallida. The last-named bird of the series is decidedly the brightest of the males; but it is also in the freshest plumage, having been collected in May. Our three Tamaulipas birds are strikingly different from these Sinaloa and Chihuahua pallida. They are darker, and green-backed rather than brown-backed. They are definitely shorter-winged and considerably shorter-tailed. In our male saturata the tip of the inner web in the two outermost pairs of rectrices is distinctly white, whereas in every male pallida at hand the tail is wholly black. The gray tertials and proximal greater coverts are much darker in our three saturata than in any of the pallida at hand. Our single female saturata is darker and more olive-brown below than any of the three Sinaloa females, but less extensively black on top of the head, the crown patch terminating at the occiput, whereas in the two Sinaloa females the whole of the nape and back of the neck are black. This reduction in the amount of black in the crown-patch may possibly be a characteristic of subadult plumage; the fact nevertheless remains that this single Tamaulipas female is much darker, on the whole, than either of the Sinaloa females. MEASUREMENTS. MALES. Wing Tail Exposed Culmen Tarsus 3 aberllit 101-106 (104) 62-66 (64.6) 21-21.5 (21.1) 20-22 (20.8) 2 saturata1 104, 101 62, 65 21, 21 21.5, 21 4 pallida 108-112 (110) 69-71 (70.5) 20—21-:5 (20.6) 20—-21.5 (20.6) FEMALES. 3 abeilliz 101-103 (101.6) 61-63 (62) 19.5-21 (20.1) 21-22 (21.1) 1 saturata 101 61 20 20.5 2 pallida 107, 108 69, 71 20.5, 21 20.5, 20 ‘1 First measurement throughout series is of type specimen meres; Ae Vol. 52, pp. 147-150 October 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS AND RECORDS OF HARVEST MICE (GENUS REITHRODONTOMYS) FROM MEXICO. BY SETH B. BENSON, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California. Harvest mice collected in northern Mexico in the past three years include Reithrodontomys montanus Baird, formerly not known to occur in Mexico, and two undescribed forms, one a species belonging to the subgenus Rezthrodontomys, the other a race of Reithrodontomys fulvescens Allen. Reithrodontomys burti, new species. Type.—Adult male, skin and skull, no. 83001 Mus. Vert. Zool., collected at Rancho de Costa Rica, Rio Sonora, Sonora, Mexico, on May 3, 1938, by Margarito Delgadillo. Original number 5400 Seth B. Benson. Distribution.—Coastal flood plains of western Sonora from the Rio Sonora south to near Guaymas. Diagnosis.—A member of the subgenus Rezthrodontomys (as defined by Howell, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Biol. Surv., N. A: Fauna No. 36, 1914) characterized by small size, short tail, relatively short hind feet, large ears, pale color, yellowish cheeks, distinct light-colored area surrounding ear, conspicuous pale tuft at anterior base of ear, nearly pigmentless tail, angular skull, abruptly spreading zygomata, large infraorbital foramina, long (7.3 mm.) nearly straight baculum. Comparisons.—Distinguished from all species of Rezthrodontomys save R. montunus Baird, R. megalotis Baird, and R. humulis Bachman, in having, on the average, a tail less than 65 mm. in length and shorter than length of head and body. Compared with R. montanus (as defined by Benson, Journ. Mammalogy, vol. 16, 1935, pp. 189-142): Similar in size and proportions except for ears which are much larger. Color paler, of yellowish cast rather than grayish. Cheeks paler and more strongly contrasted with color on top of head. Tail with less pigment, lacking the sharply distinct dark dorsal stripe present in montanus. Skull larger, nasals relatively longer, zygomata more angular and spreading more widely anteriorly, infraorbital foramina distinctly 36—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasH., Voy, 52, 1939. (147) 148 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. larger, especially on dorsal surface of skull. Baculum longer, nearly straight rather than distinctly curved, more nearly cylindrical at base. Compared with R. megolatis: Slightly smaller in body size and in weight, tail actually and relatively shorter (averaging only 80% of length of head and body rather than more than 100% as in megalotis), hind feet actually and relatively shorter, ears actually and relatively larger. , Color paler, ear tufts more conspicuous and paler, tail without a distinct dorsal stripe (a distinct stripe present in megalotis). Skull more angular, braincase smaller, rostrum broader, zygomatic arches more robust anteriorly and more nearly parallel. Baculum about same in length, but nearly straight rather than distinctly curved, and more nearly cylindrical at base. Compared with R. humulis: Much paler in color (yellowish gray rather than dark brown, hairs on breast white rather than pigmented), ears much larger (averaging 16.4 mm. from notch rather than 10 mm. or less), skull flatter and wider, zygomatic arches more nearly parallel, infraorbital foramina larger. Color (Capitalized color terms after Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, 1912).—Dorsal hairs with tips black, subterminal bands Light Ochraceous-Buff to Pale Ochraceous-Buff (darkest distally), bases Dark Plumbeous. Pigmentation of subterminal bands more intense toward sides, where a lateral stripe is evident, and on therump. Plumbeous pigment much reduced on sides of face and about base of ear allowing yellowish tone to dominate. Subterminal bands short and faintly pig- mented on top of head and neck where plumbeous tone of hair bases dominates the general color effect. Skin and hairs of inner surface of pinna dark-pigmented. Feet white. Tail scantily clothed with short hairs, most of which lack pigment. A faint dorsal stripe on the tail in some specimens results mainly from pigment in the skin. Several specimens have no pig- ment in any of the hairs on the tail. There is some variation in the intensity of the yellowish pigmentation which is Pinkish-Cinnamon on the most richly colored specimen. Measurements.—Average, minimum, and maximum measurements in millimeters of 18 adult and subadult males: Total length, 129 (124-132); length of tail vertebrae, 59 (53-66); length of hind foot, 16.4 (16-17); height of ear from notch, 15.5 (14-17); weight in grams, 10.6 (9.7-12.4); length of head and body, 69 (65-72); greatest length of skull, 20.3 (19.7-21.2); breadth of braincase, 9.6 (9.3-10.1); width of outer wall of anteorbital | =infraorbital] foramen, 2.1 (1.9-2.2); length of baculum (10 specimens), 7.3 (6.0-8.3). Specimens examined.—Total number 37, all from Sonora, Mexico, as follows: 11.3 mi. W. Hermosillo, 3; Rancho de Costa Rica, Rio Sonora, 34. Remarks.—Among all the species of harvest mice, R. montanus bears the closest resemblance to R. burtt. The relationship between the two is not close, however, as indicated by the trenchant differences between them, particularly in the baculum. There is no evidence of intergradation be- tween the species although R. montanus is now known to occur in north- eastern Sonora only about 200 miles to the northeast of the range of buriz. R. megalotis probably is less closely related to burti than is montanus, and Benson—Harvest Mice from Mexico. 149 likewise shows no sign of intergradation with burti. Burt, however, (Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool., Misc. Publ. No. 35, 1938, p. 52) recorded from San José de Guaymas, under the name R. m. megalotis, a specimen which he regarded as probably representing an unnamed race of R. megalotis. The characters listed for this specimen are those present in burti and I therefore assume that it belongs to this species. I have named this harvest mouse for Dr. Burt in recognition of his work on the mammals of Sonora. Comparisons with humulis were made only because that species likewise is small and short-tailed. On geographic, ecological, and structural grounds humulis is much less closely related to burti than are montanus and mega- lotis. In the shape of the baculum (see figure) burtz is strikingly distinct from montanus, megalotis, and fulvescens, in which this bone is distinctly curved and tends to be broader and more flattened at the base. So distinctive is this character that by it alone burti can be distinguished from the other harvest mice occurring in Sonora. At Rancho de Costa Rica, buréz was abundant in a field of wheat stubble where two years previously none was caught in spite of intensive trapping. The specimens from 11.3 miles west of Hermosillo were caught on a flat plain of reddish silt which bore a thin stand of dry grass, and scattered trees of mesquite, palo verde, and palo fierro. This is probably the original habitat of the species. Reithrodontomys fulvescens canus, new subspecies. Type.—Adult male, skin and skull, no. 76664 Mus. Vert. Zool., collected five miles southeast of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico, on May 20, 1937, by Margarito Delgadillo. Original number 4446 Seth B. Benson. Distribution.—High desert plains of Chihuahua and Durango. Diagnosis and comparisons.—The palest race of Reithrodonotomys fulvescens known, characterized chiefly by grayish color of head and shoulders. Compared with R. f. fulvescens: Averages slightly larger; skull with braincase more inflated and rostrum longer; pigmentation less intense, especially on head and shoulders where the prevailing color is Pale Ochra- ceous-Buff rather than Light Ochraceous-Buff. Color.—Dorsal hairs with tips colorless or black, subterminal band Light Ochraceous-Buff to Pale Ochraceous-Buff (darkest distally), bases Slate Color. Subterminal band palest on head and shoulders, darkest on rump and toward sides. A lateral stripe of between Light Ochraceous-Buff and Ochraceous-Buff is present. Hairs of ventral surface with tips white, bases Slate Color. In canus the color of the subterminal band is not only less intense than in fulvescens, but is less even in distribution with a much greater difference in intensity of color between the distal and proximal portions of the subtermini- nal band. Measurements.—Average, minimum, and maximum measurements in millimeters of 7 adult and subadult males: Total length, 172 (158-187); length of tail vertebrae, 97 (87-109); length of hind foot, 20 (19-22); ear from notch, 15 (14-16); weight in grams, 12.9 (12.0-13.3); greatest length 150 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. of skull, 22.1 (21.0-23.0); breadth of braincase, 10.4 (10.1-10.8); length of nasals, 8.6 (8.0-9.1); width of outer wall of anteorbital [=infraorbital] foramen, 2.0 (1.8-2.2). Specimens examined.—Total number 14, from localities in Mexico as follows: CHIHUAHUA: Cajfion del Potrero, 7 miles west El Sauz, 2; Cajfion Gotera, 9 miles northwest of Chihuahua, 2; 5 miles. southeast of Chihuahua, 2; Pozo Mangiay, 30 miles south of Chihuahua, 1; San Lucas, Rio San Pedro, 2. DURANGO: 14 miles east of Zarca, 5. Reithrodontomys montanus griseus Bailey. The first specimen of R. montanus from Mexico was collected by Mar- garito Delgadillo and myself on May 30, 1936, among sacatén about 21 miles south of Agua Prieta, Sonora, in close proximity to Kilometer 30 on the railroad between Agua Prieta and Nacozari. The second I collected on June 9, 1937, on a short-grass plain five kilometers southwest of Canutillo, north-central Durango. These two locality records constitute a great extension of the known range of Reithrodontomys montanus to the west and south, as Socorro, New Mexico, was previously the westernmost locality, and San Antonio, Texas, the most southern. Probably the species will be found to occur throughout the plains of the Mexican plateau. The specimens are nearly identical in color and size, but the skull of no. 76658, from Durango, is larger and the braincase relatively more inflated than in no. 75697, from Sonora. Each agrees in most characters with specimens of R. m. griseus, to which I refer them pending fuller knowledge of geographic variation in R. montanus. A B Cc D Figure 1. A. Skull of type of R. burti, dorsal view, x i. B-D. Bacula of species of harvest mice, ventral and lateral views, x6. B. R. megalotis megalotis (no. 82972). C. R. burti (type). D. R. montanus (no. 75897). Vol. 52, pp. 151-154 October 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO SUBSPECIES OF POCKET GOPHER (THOMOMYS BOTTAE) FROM SONORA. BY ) SETH B. BENSON AND DANIEL F. TILLOTSON, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California. Study of pocket gophers from Sonora, Mexico, shows the presence there of two races which previously have not been recognized. Thomomys bottae occipitalis, new subspecies. Type.—Adult female, skin and skull, no. 82221 Mus. Vert. Zool., col- lected at La Misién, 2 miles west of Magdalena, Sonora, Mexico, on March 17, 1938, by Margarito Delgadillo. Original number 4835 Seth B. Benson. Distribution.—Known only from the type locality. Diagnosis.—A medium-sized dark-colored race of Thomomys bottae characterized by a relatively great extension of the supraoccipital region posterior to the lambdoidal crest. Comparisons.—Compared with Thomomys bottae modicus Goldman, occipitalis is larger, less reddish in color. Skull larger, palato-frontal depth and nasal length relatively less, dorsal surface less convex antero-posteri- orly, supraoccipital and exoccipital regions more inflated, bulge on supra- occipital above foramen magnum less distinct. Compared with Thomomys bottae winthropi Nelson and Goldman, occipitalis is smaller, darker and duller in color, with pelage denser and longer. Skull smaller, palato-frontal depth less, interorbital breadth relatively greater, zygomata less wide- spreading and narrower at squamosal base, zygomata smaller at juncture of jugal and maxillary, paraoccipital processes less prominent, occiput less truncate, mastoid portion of auditory bullae relatively more inflated. Color (capitalized color terms after Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, 1912).—Dorsal hairs with tips black, subterminal bands Ochraceous-Buff, basal portions Deep Neutral Gray. In mid-dorsal region the subterminal bands are reduced, allowing color of basal portions to dominate. Color of the subterminal bands becomes more dominant and paler toward the flanks where it is Light Ochraceous-Buff. Hairs of ventral 37—Proc. Bron. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939, (151) 152 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. surfaces with bases of Neutral Gray and tips of Light Ochraceous-Buff. Muzzle blackish} throat, anal region, and feet white. There is some variation in the series in the intensity of pigmentation and in the amount of black,along the dorsum. Also, some specimens lack white on the throat and anal region. The specimens of occipitalis are definitely less reddish than the specimens of modicus and are darker and duller than the specimens of winthropt. Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements, in millimeters, of seven adult females are: Total length, 224.5 (216-233); tail, 71.9 (64-79); hind foot, 29.4 (28-30); basilar length of Hensel, 33.8 (31.8-36.2); greatest mastoidal breadth, 19.9 (18.5-21.0); greatest zygomatic breadth, 23.6 (22.8— 26.0); interorbital breadth, 6.9 (6.7—-7.3); rostral breadth, 8.1 (7.6-8.6); palato-frontal depth, 14.3 (13.6-15.3); length of nasals, 13.0 (11.8-13.7). Measurements of seven adult males are: Total length, 245.8 (222-261); tail | 81.5 (73-93); hind foot, 30.3 (28-33); basilar length of Hensel, 36.5 (33.4— 39.6); greatest seals ratte breadth, 21.5 (20.1-23.1); greatest zygomatic breadth, 26.4 (23.4-28.7); interorbital breadth, 6.9 (6.5-7.8); rostral breadth, 8.8 (8.1-9.4); palato-frontal depth, 15.4 (14.1-16.3); length of nasals, 14.3 (12.6-15.4). Specimens ecamined.—VYotal number, 14, from the type locality. Thomomys bottae estanciae, new subspecies. Type.—Adult female, skin and skull, no. 82247 Mus. Vert. Zool., col- lected at La Estancia, 6 miles north of Nacori, Sonora, Mexico, on May 19, 1938, by Margarito Delgadillo. Original number 5625 Seth B. Benson. Distribution.—Known only from the type locality. Diagnosis.—A medium-sized, cinnamon-colored race of Thomomys bottae characterized by a relatively narrow occipital region, broad inter- orbital region, and wide-spreading zygomatic arches, which features make the brain case appear narrow. Comparisons.—Compared with Thomomys bottae winthropi Nelson and Goldman, estanciae is smaller, more reddish. Skull smaller, zygomatic breadth and mastoid breadth relatively less, interorbital breadth relatively greater, anterior portion of zygomatic arch forming a more oblique angle with skull, mastoid portion of auditory bullae relatively less inflated. Compared with Thomomys botiae camoae Burt, estanciae is smaller, dorsum lighter and brighter in color. Skull smaller; mastoidal breadth, zygomatic breadth, and palato-frontal depth relatively less; interorbital breadth relatively greater; supraoccipital region more extended posterior to lamb- doidal crest; external auditory meatus smaller; nasals nearly straight (not expanded anteriorly) ; anterior end of auditory bulla truncate (not rounded); pterygoid hamuli less wide-spreading. Color.—Dorsal hairs with tips black, subterminal bands Cinnamon-Buff, basal portions Deep Neutral Gray. In mid-dorsal region subterminal bands slightly reduced, revealing basal portions, thus giving dorsal surface _a dark aspect. Color of subterminal bands more dominant and paler toward flanks, where color is Light Ochraceous-Buff. Hairs of ventral Benson and Tillotson—Pocket Gopher from Sonora. 153 surface with bases of Deep Neutral Gray and tips of Light Ochraceous-Buff. Muzzle blackish, cheeks Cinnamon-Buff, feet white. There is some variation in the series in the intensity of pigmentation and in the amount of black along the dorsum. Compared with camoae, estanciae is lighter and brighter on the dorsum. Immature specimens of estanciae are definitely paler than those of camoae. Compared with winthropi, estanciae is slightly more reddish. Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements in millimeters of three adult females are: Total length, 221.3 (210-228); tail, 68.6 (67-70); hind foot, 29.3 (29-30); basilar length of Hensel, 33.8 (32.5-35.1); greatest mastoidal breadth, 19.8 (19.2-20.3) ; greatest zygomatic breadth, 24.4 (23.9- 24.9); interorbital breadth, 7.0 (6.8-7.2); rostral breadth, 7.9 (7.3-8.4); palato-frontal depth, 14.6 (14.0-15.4); length of nasals, 12.8 (12.8-12.9). Specimens examined.—Total number, 7, all from the type locality. Remarks.—Specimens of T. b. divergens from northeastern Sonora and western Chihuahua were not available to us for comparison, but judging from the original description of divergens (Nelson and Goldman, Journ. Mammalogy, vol. 15, 1934, pp. 122-123), estanciae is paler, for divergens was stated to be darker than modicus and we find estanciae to be paler than the palest specimens of modicus. habs Cue Heal tah ae hiya i aeaerihhiby sbtayeale ‘ oe tics Aves SS nO Ot y} i AUC eri met SL ORE! Ys Cui ia” J Teae ei NALS we Pe inee Hy Nit Pes ten Mire Ed Ip Pyrite | Kgl f as GSMs (oe rags Bit) Sees t iY p PaaS cad ruta ty 19 oe) a SH abi ee fit pe VN a tara 4 iy Hota fi ny vie ie i a ae Reed ot) (x A wera ab! inet ad eas ¥ ny mh : / te wh) iF Te aL Sd toned A i i be ' RGR bar A UN at + et MA i Ate fel a ‘ COA ae Ai aa ae ‘ on G i pe ree \ : r -- Aint Vi ) od f i c ‘ bx | i ; , j 4 para i i Ws Pe ; t i Te as ] " Han tel f ‘ } ; j ¢ i val " : ; i i gm") i j 4 if Thal hi . Peele mana at ma f i f crit nae % i r ; : ‘ Li f * 1 ie i Mh * tees Bik yl = Ande Vs ug eR gen ' ATA is f ) \ ~UCer%y Vol. 52, pp. 155-156 October 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW RACE OF THE MANGROVE SWALLOW FROM NORTHWESTERN MEXICO. BY A. J. VAN ROSSEM. In the latter part of April, 1930, while engaged in collecting along the Sonora coast, I was interested to find Iridoprocne albilinea not uncommon in the mangrove lagoons of Tobari Bay. This locality, though well within the Arid Tropical Zone, is far to the north of the nearest place (Mazatlan, Sinaloa) from which the species had been reported previously. Unfortunately, only five days could be devoted to Tobari Bay and in the press of making a general collection there only three Mangrove Swallows were taken. Certain peculiarities in these specimens were noted subsequently but were thought to be individual in nature. Recently five additional Sonora specimens taken by J. Elton Green have become available through the courtesy of the Natural History Museum, as well as three specimens in perfect, newly acquired plumage from San Blas, Nayarit, from the California Academy of Sciences. These 11 specimens have been compared with a total of 35 albilinea from El Salvador and Costa Rica in the Dickey collection, from Costa Rica and Panama in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and from Costa Rica in the Los Angeles Museum. As a result the northwestern birds are found to be a distinct race which is here described as Tridoprocne albilinea rhizophorae, subsp. nov. Type.—Breeding female adult, no. 30306, Dickey collection; Tobari Bay, Sonora, Mexico, April 30, 1930; collected by A. J. van Rossem, original no. 13021. Subspecific characters.—Similar to Iridoprocne albilinea albilinea (Law- rence) of Panama but upper parts distinctly more bluish (less greenish); white supraloral streaks broader and more conspicuous and usually meeting 38-—Proc. Biou. Soc. Wasx., Vou. 52, 1939. (155) i 156 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. across the forehead; rump more purely white with the dusky shaft streaks reduced to very faint lines and with the concealed or semi-concealed sub- terminal spots obsolete; bill smaller and also more wedge-shaped in vertical profile, its width at frontal antiae equal to the length of the exposed cul- men. . Range.—Coast of northwestern Mexico from southern Sonora (Guasi- mas; Lobos Island; Tobari Bay; Agiabampo), south at least to Nayarit (San Blas). Remarks.—The dorsal plumage of this species varies considerably with season, birds in fresh plumage being bluish green and becoming progress- sively bluer until by spring they are steely blue with greenish reflections. In color comparison rhizophorae in absolutely fresh plumage is very much like worn albilinea. These differences tend to become obscured by wear but, even so, rhizophorae in worn plumage averages considerably bluer than albilinea in the same condition. In only one of the 11 rhizophorae do the white supraloral streaks not meet across the forehead, and even in this case Iam not sure that the exception is not due to the ‘‘make”’ of the skin. The bill differences are much more conspicuous to the eye than can be shown by linear measurements, the bulk of the bill of rhizophorae being about half that of albilinea. Incidentally, the bills of immature albilinea are sometimes as smnall as those of adult rhizophorae, even in specimens well into the post- juvenal moult. The winter range of rhizophorae I do not know. The species is well known to be a year-round resident as far north as Mazatlan but on two occasions no trace of it has been found in Sonora during the winter months. MEASUREMENTS OF BILL. Exposed culmen Width at frontal antiae 7 male rhizophorae 6.5 — 7.0 (6.7) 6.5 — 7.0 (6.6) 15 male albilinea 7.5 — 8.0 (7.7) 6.5 — 7.0 (6.7) 4 female rhizophorae 6.0 — 7.0 (6.4) 6.0 — 7.0 (6.4) 10 female albilinea 7.5 — 8.5 (7.8) 6.8 — 7.5 (7.0) Aa ~ 13U 6/3 Vol. 52, pp. 157-158 October 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS as OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW GEOGRAPHIC RACE OF PEROMYSCUS LEUCOPUS FROM NOVA SCOTIA. BY RONALD W. SMITH, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California. Critical comparison of white-footed mice, collected by the writer in Kings County, Nova Scotia, indicates the existence of a new geographic race. This new race may be known as: _Peromyscus leucopus caudatus, subsp. nov. Type.—Male, adult, skin and skull; no. 84535, Mus. Vert. Zool.; Wolfville, Kings County, Nova Scotia; collected by Ronald W. Smith, November 11, 1937; original no. 1502. Distribution.—Western Nova Scotia. Diagnosis.—A race of Peromyscus leucopus characterized by long tail, light color, slender rostrum, short maxillary tooth row, anteriorly slender zygomatic arch, and short skull. Comparison.—Compared with Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis, from eastern Pennsylvania, New York, eastern Massachusetts, and southern Ontario, caudatus shows the following differences: Brain-case smaller; skull shorter; rostrum narrower and more tapering anteriorly; maxillary tooth row shorter; zygoma slenderer anteriorly; external auditory meatus larger; pelage paler dorsally, and white, rather than grayish, ventrally; dorsal surface of tail lighter brown; tail longer. Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements, in millimeters, of ten adult males and females, from Wolfville, Kings County, are as follows: Total length, 179.5 (167-198); tail vertebrae, 93.0 (83.5-105.0); hind foot, 21.3 (21-22); greatest length of skull, 25.5 (24.4-27.3); greatest width of brain-case, 11.7 (11.2-12.0); interorbital constriction, 4.0 (3.9-4.2); nasals, 9.9 (9.1-10.9); anterior width of rostrum, 3.2 (8.0-3.4); posterior width of rostrum, 4.7 (4.3-5.0); shelf of bony palate, 4.1 (3.94.6); palatine slits, 5.1 (4.7-5.4); postpalatal length, 9.3 (8.8-10.3); maxillary tooth row, 3.4 3.3-3.6). Remarks.—In 1909, Osgood (N. Am. Fauna, no. 28, p. 119) commented on the longer tails of six specimens from Digby and Hants counties, Nova Scotia, but referred them to Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis at that 39—Proc. Biot. Soc. Wass., Vou. 52, 1939. (157) _, 158 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. time. These specjmens are probably assignable to the newly named race, caudatus. The writer is indebted to Dr. E. Raymond Hall and Dr. Seth B. Benson, of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, for advice in the present study, and also to Mr. E. C. Cross, for the loan of specimens in the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology. : Specimens examined.—Total number, 29, all from Kings County, Nova Scotia, as follows: Wolfville, 19; 114 miles east of Wolfville, 9; 214 miles east of Wolfville, 1. Nineteen of these specimens are in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and ten are in the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology. 6 CN! Pm Vol. 52, pp. 159-162 October 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Ne TWO NEW GOPHERS (MAMMALIAN GENUS THOMOMYS) FROM WESTERN UTAH. BY STEPHEN D. DURRANT. In the course of a study of the pocket gophers of Utah, com- parisons have revealed that the animals from Clear Lake, in Delta Valley, and those from Stansbury Island, Great Salt Lake, represent two unnamed subspecies of Thomomys bottae. The diagnoses are as follows: Thomomys bottae convexus, subsp. nov. Type.—Male adult, skin and skull, No. 2482, Museum of Zoology, University of Utah; E. side Clear Lake, 4600 ft., Millard County, Utah; May 20, 1938; collected by 8. D. Durrant; original No. 1401. Range.—Western Utah, in Delta Valley, limits of range unknown. Diagnosis.—Size medium (see measurements); Color: Upper parts and sides Pinkish Buff, lighter on sides; under parts Pale Pinkish Cinnamon; inguinal and pectoral regions Pale Pinkish Buff; post auricular patches black; nose grayish black; nearly all specimens have white on perineal region. (Capitalized color terms according to Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., 1912). Skull: Brain case moderately convex on dorsal surface; rostrum strongly depressed, giving the entire dorsal surface of the skull a ‘‘rocker-shape”’; zygomatic arches heavy, wide-spreading and widest posteriorly; upper incisors recurved, short and heavy; molars large; alveolar length of upper molar series long; palatal pits deep; foramen magnum quadrangular; auditory bullae moder- ately inflated, the ventral part extending well ventrad of the basioccipital, and angular on anteriolateral margin; mastoidal breadth relatively and actually wide; interpterygoid space ‘‘ V’’- shaped. Measurements.—The average and extreme measurements of six adult males and 11 adult females from the type locality are, respectively, as follows: Total length, 212.8 mm. (233-206), 196.8 (204-182); tail vertebrae, 59.3 (68-57), 57.4 (63-43); hind foot, 28.2 (29-27), 26.8 (28-26); ear from notch 4, 4. Skull: basilar length of Hensel, 33.1 (35.0-31.3), 29.9 (30.9- 27.9); greatest length of nasals, 14.3 (14.6-13.9), 12.5 (13.4-11.2); zygo- matic breadth, 24.9 (26.7-23.8), 21.7 (22.3-21.0); mastoidal breadth, 21.4 (22.0-20.7), 19.3 (19.8-18.8); interorbital breadth, 6.6 (6.8-6.5), 6.6 40—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (159) nO iIGVe 160 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. (7.1-6.2); alveolar‘length of upper molar series, 8.0 (8.1-7.7), 7.7 (7.9-7.1); extension of premaxillae posterior to nasals, 2.6 (2.8-2.1), 2.6 (3.1-2.1); length of rostrum, 16.2 (17.2-15.2), 14.7 (15.2-13.3); breadth of rostrum, 8.2 (8.6-8.0), 7.4 (7.7-7.1); width of upper incisors at cutting edge, 4.5 (4.7-4.3), 4.0 (4.5-3.8). Comparisons.—Compared with topotypes of 7’. b. wahwahensis this form is of nearly the same color but lighter throughout. It differs in having the rostrum much more depressed; top of skull convex rather than nearly flat; nasals convex rather than straight; brain case more inflated; auditory bullae larger; foramen magnum nearly quadrangular as opposed to circular; alveolar length of upper molar series longer; molars actually larger; angle of upper incisors and palatine processes of premaxillae more acute; zygomatic arch stronger and wider, especially the zygomatic process of the maxillae. Compared with topotypes of T. b. centralis, these gophers are of nearly the same color but uniformly lighter throughout. This coloration is further significant because both series were taken in May, those of centralis on May 28, and those of convexus on May 20. T. b. convecus shows a nearly uniform white patch on the perineal region, while this color is uniformly lacking in centralis. Skull: Smaller and flatter; rostrum much shorter, broader and more depressed; upper incisors wider and markedly shorter; palatal pits much deeper; basioccipital wider, not as “‘T’’-shaped, and less expanded at junction with basisphenoid; auditory bullae more inflated; maxillary plate of zygomatic arch more nearly vertical. Compared with topotypes of T. b. aurezventris, convecus is less cinnamon, and more blackish in color; none or very little (gold-color) on under side. Skull: Smaller throughout and flatter; rostrum much more depressed and shorter; auditory bullae more inflated; no comparable enlargement of union of jugal and zygomatic process of maxillae; zygomatic arch heavier, especially in region of jugal, and wider posteriorly rather than anteriorly; interpterygoid space “‘V’’-shaped rather than lyre-shaped; foramen magnum quadrangular as opposed to oval; upper incisors smaller, shorter and more recurved. T. b. convexus differs from topotypes of J’. b. nesophilus as follows: Size smaller throughout; color much lighter throughout; rostrum shorter, heavier and much more depressed; zygomatic arch shorter, heavier (and not so flaring); jugal heavier and shorter; brain case more inflated; upper margin of supraoccipital more developed as a crest rather than a plate; interparietal not as uniformly triangular shaped; upper incisors shorter and more recurved; palatal pits deeper; foramen magnum quadrangular as opposed to ovale; auditory bullae more inflated. Comparatively T. b. convexus differs from topotypes of T. 6. albicaudatus in being much lighter in color throughout; tail uniformly light colored with- out white caudal half as in albicaudatus; claws on front feet weaker. Skull: Smaller, flatter and more compact; rostrum shorter, heavier and more strongly depressed; upper incisors shorter and more recurved; zygomatic arch shorter and heavier; jugal bone more massive; looked at from below the spice enclosed within the zygomatic arch shows the same differences as noted in the comparison with T. b. tivius; auditory bullae actually smaller, Durrant—Two New Gophers from Western Utah. 161 but more inflated ventrally; foramen magnum quadrangular as opposed to oval; mandibular fossae larger. Among named races of Thomomys bottae, convexus is closest geographi- cally to tivius, but differs from topotypes of it as follows: Size slightly larger; color much lighter; no gold color on underside. Skull: While nearly of the same dimensions, the skull of converus is much heavier throughout; average weights of series of skulls of males and females show: tivius males, 1.6 grams; females 1.2 grams; converus males, 2.4 grams; females 1.6 grams; rostrum broader and much more depressed; upper incisors shorter, heavier, and more recurved; zygomatic arch much heavier throughout; jugal heavy as contrasted with weak; looked at from below the space enclosed within the zygomatic arch in convexus is more nearly quadrangular while that of tivius is triangular, and the anteriolateral angle in convexus is more nearly a right angle as opposed to obtuse; mandibular fossae larger; auditory bullae more inflated; palatal pits larger and deeper; alveolar length of upper molar series longer; molars larger; hamulae of pterygoids much heavier; foramen magnum more uniformly quadrangular. Remarks.—These gophers were taken in the sand dunes at the eastern margin of Clear Lake in Delta Valley, Utah. The burrows were numerous in the areas where the sand was trapped by salt grass (Distichlis stricta). The animals had invaded the sand dunes proper only when they supported a growth of salt grass. Burrows were found from the upper limits of the salt grass on the dunes, down practically to the water’s edge. Some of the burrows had actually been flooded because of fluctuations in the level of the lake. Those burrows right at the water’s edge that were habitable at all were still occupied, even though many of them were so wet that the walls collapsed at the slightest touch. In addition to the actual flooding, the desertion might be due to the lack of mechanical support for the bur- rows. Specimens examined.—17 skins and skulls from the type locality (all in collection of Museum of Zoology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah). Thomomys bottae minimus, subsp. nov. Type.—Male adult, skin and skull, No. 263942, U. S. National Museum (Biological Survey Collection); Stansbury Island, Great Salt Lake, Tooele County, Utah; June 25, 1938; collected by W. H. Marshall; original No. 141. Range.—Known only ret the type locality. Diagnosis.—Size small (see measurements); tail relatively long. Color: Upper parts Pinkish Buff, darker on head; under parts Pale Pinkish Buff; (capitalized color terms according to Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., 1912); front and hind feet white; nose, chin and post auricular patches black. Skull: Long, slender and nearly devoid of ridges; brain case moderately inflated; interparietal quadrangu- lar; zygomatic arches widest in temporal region but neither wide-spreading nor angular; zygoma weak; angle between zygomatic process of maxilla and side of rostrum obtuse; nasals straight, and nearly truncate posteriorly; extension of premaxillae posterior to nasals great; lacrimal processes small and peg-like; auditory bullae moderately inflated; palatal pits deep; 162 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. rostrum short but narrow; interpterygoid space moderately lyre-shaped; dentition weak; upper incisors narrow. Measurements.—The average and extreme measurements of 2 adult males and 2 adult females from the type locality are, respectively, as follows: Total length, 184 mm. (189-179), 178 (181-175); length of tail, 60 (64-55), 56 (58-54); length of hind foot, 25 (26-24), 25 (25-24); length of ear, 3 (3), 3 (8); basilar length of Hensel, 30.7 (82.8-28.7), 28.2 (28.2-28.1); greatest length of nasals, 11.3 (12.5-10.2), 10.6 (10.8-10.4); zygomatic breadth, 21.3 (22.4—20.2), 19.7 (19.7-19.6); mastoidal breadth, 18.7 (19.6— 17.8), 17.4 (17.7-17.1); least interorbital breadth, 6.4 (6.4-6.3), 6.1 (6.1); alveolar length of upper molar series, 7.4 (7.6—7.3), 7.0 (7.0); extension of premaxillae posterior to nasals, 2.5 (2.5), 2.3 (2.3); length of rostrum, 13.9 (15.0-12.9), 13.1 (13.2-18.0); breadth of rostrum, 7.5 (7.9-7.0), 6.7 (6.8- 6.5). Comparisons.—Among pcan races of Thomomys bottae, Thomomys botiae minimus is most close related to Thomomys bottae nesophilus but differs from the type series of the latter form as follows: Color: A trifle lighter throughout; post auricular patches darker in color and smaller in extent; nose, chin and cheeks much darker. Size: Remarkably smaller in all measurements; claws on front feet much shorter and weaker; tail relatively longer. Skull: Smaller in all measurements; slender and narrow as opposed to wide and robust; zygomatic arches not as wide-spreading and weaker; zygomatic process of maxilla narrower and not as angular; brain case more inflated; interparietal quadrate as opposed to triangular shaped; lambdoidal region more developed as a crest than a plate; extension of pre- maxillae posterior to nasals relatively greater; palatal pits deeper; auditory bullae actually smaller but relatively larger and more inflated ventrally; dentition weaker; upper incisors shorter and narrower. Remarks.—The author is indebted to the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Biological Survey, and especially to Major HE. A. Goldman for the opportunity of studying these animals and naming this form. Stansbury Island is situated in the southwest corner of Great Salt Lake, and during the past years of drought (1932-1937) has been connected with the mainland. The intervening territory consists of a white salt flat. This same condition also exists to the east in the case of Antelope Island. This same condition has undoubtedly existed in the past during fluctuations of the lake level. Both of these islands have endemic gophers, which signifies that these dry, barren, white salt flats are as efficient a barrier to these animals as water. Stansbury Island is the northward projection out into the lake of Stansbury Mountains, and the gophers not yet described from these mountains show the closest affinities to Thomomys b. minimus of any of the mainland forms. On the other hand Thomomys bottae nesophilus shows its affinities with the form albicaudatus to the east of the lake. Specimens examined.—Five, all from the type locality (all in the U. S. National Museum, Biological Survey Collection). Contribution from the Museum of Zoology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, California. “yt a a Vol. 52, pp. 163-164 October 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW SPECIES OF DICLIPTERA FROM MEXICO. BY E. C. LEONARD. In March, 1937, Llewelyn Williams collected in the vicinity of Fortufio, Veracruz, Mexico, several specimens of a peculiar large-bracted acanthaceous plant, which recently were for- warded to the writer by Field Museum of Natural History for identification. They appear to represent a new species of Dicliptera, which may be described as follows: * Dicliptera anomala Leonard, sp. nov. Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus subteretibus vel obscure hexagonis, glabris vel sparse bifariam hirtellis; lamina foliorum oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata, basi angustata, membranacea, leviter crenata, glabra vel in venis parce pubescens; inflorescentia, paniculata, grandis, terminalis, cymis 3-floribus; bracteae floriferae exteriores inaequales, posterior grandis ovata, obtusa, plana vel conduplicata, pilosula, viridis vel purpurea, venis reticulatis, anterior oblonga, acuta, pilosa, bracteae interiores lanceolatae, albidae, glanduloso-puberulentae; calycis segmenta lineari-lanceolata, subhyalina, glanduloso-puberulenta; corolla rosea, longa, angusta, curvata; antherae loculi obliqui, inaequaliter affixi, connectivo lato; capsulae ovoideae, brevi- stipitatae, compressae, minute glanduloso-pubescentes, pilis eglanduliferis instructae; semina plana, fulva, muricata. Herbaceous or suffrutescent, up to 2 meters high; stems terete or ob- scurely hexagonal, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous in 2 lines; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, up to 20 cm. long and 5.5 em. wide, acuminate, narrowed at base, thin, shallowly crenate, glabrous or the costa and nerves sparingly pubescent, the cystoliths inconspicuous; petioles up to 6 cm. long, rounded and glabrous beneath, channeled and hirtellous above; flowers borne in a large terminal leafy panicle of 3-flowered cymes, the peduncles up to 3 cm. long, sparingly and finely pubescent in 2 lines, the branches of the cymes rather densely pubescent; bracts subtending the peduncles various in size, leaflike, those subtending the cymes linear-lanceolate or subulate, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; outer bracts of the flower cluster dissimilar, the posterior bract ovate, up to 3.5 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, obtuse, abruptly narrowed at base, 1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 41—Proc. Brion. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 52, 1939. (163) 164 Proceedings of the Biological Society of- Washington. flat or conduplicate, densely to sparingly pilosulous (the hairs about 0.5 mm. long or a few of' them shorter and glandular), veiny, greenish, sometimes with a purplish tinge or the veins purple at maturity, the anterior bract oblong, about 18 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, acute, narrowed at base, pilosulous (some of the hairs glandular), light green, flat, somewhat veiny, the inner bracts lanceolate, about 14 mm. long and 4 mm, wide, acute, whitish. veiny, puberulent, some of the hairs glandular; calyx segments linear-lanceolate, 9 to 10 mm. long, 2 mm. broad at base, acuminate, sub- hyaline, 3-nerved, glandular-puberulent; corolla pinkish red, finely and sparingly pubescent, up to 6 cm. long, curved, 2 mm. in diameter at base, gradually enlarged to about 5 mm. at mouth, the lips 10 to 15 mm. long, the upper one ovate, about 8 mm. wide, entire, the lower one oblong, about 5 mm. wide, 3-lobed at apex, the lobes rounded, about 1 mm. long; stamens reaching the tip of the upper lip, the anther lobes unequally and obliquely attached by a broad connective; capsule ovoid, 10 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, and 3 mm. thick, short-stipitate, flattened, pubescent with a mixture of short glandular hairs and longer eglandular ones, the flat sides of the capsule thin, the narrow curved sides thick and firm; seeds flat, brown, roughened. Type in the herbarium of Field Museum of Natural History, no. 896,496, collected at Fortufio, on the Coatzacoalcos River, Veracruz, Mexico, alti- tude 30 to 50 meters, occurring commonly along roadways and forest trails, March, 1937, by Llewelyn Williams (no. 8808). Nos. 8442 and 8546 of Mr. Williams’ collection, from the same locality, are this species also. This remarkable species is very conspicuous because of its exceedingly large posterior flower bracts. In Veracruz it is commonly called ‘“‘rosa morada”’ and “‘yerba de canilla,” but the name “rosa morada”’ is applied also to Tabebuia pentaphylla (.) Hemsl.,? of the Bignonia Family. 2 Standley in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23 : 1320. 1926. bo AD Vol. 52, pp. 165-166 October 11, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON pe f= A NEW PIT VIPER FROM COSTA RICA. BY E. R. DUNN. Contribution from the Department of Biology, Haverford College, No. 44. The ‘‘mano de piedra,”’ Trimeresurus nummifer (Ruppell), was described from Mexico. I have examined the type, Senck- enberg 9544,la. It has been recorded as far north as Zacualtipan, Hidalgo, and Tuxpan, Vera Cruz, and from the states of Chiapas and Tabasco. In Mexico about half the specimens have 25 dorsal scale rows, and the other half have 23 or 27 in approxi- mately equal numbers. The ventrals range from 121 to 135, the caudals from 26-37, there being little or no difference between the sexes. Specimens quite similar to Mexican ones have been examined from Nicaragua, four (Tuli, Hacienda Rosa de Jerico, Matagalpa); Costa Rica, ten (El General, Monte Redondo, Chitaria, Cariblanco, Peralta, Guapiles and Siquirres); Panamd4, one (Pequeni-Esperanza ridge in Chagres basin). The specimen from Monte Redondo (a locality above and to the south of San Jose, and fairly similar climatically) is a female with 25 dorsals, 126 ventrals, and 28 caudals. Specimens from La Palma, 4500 feet, north of San Jose and in cloud forest, represent an undescribed form, which agrees with nummifer in general but has a much higher ventral count. It may be called: Trimeresurus nummifer picadoi, sp. nov. Type.—U.S. N. M. 377538, female. Type and only known locality: La Palma, Costa Rica. Diagnosis.—Similar to T. n. nummifer but with 146-152 ventrals. Description.—The type is a female with 25 dorsals, 152 ventrals, 33 caudals. A female with similar data in the Vienna Museum has 151 ventrals, 34 caudals. I am indebted to Dr. Wettstein for the counts. A female with similar data in the British Museum has 146 ventrals, 37 caudals. I am indebted to Mr. Parker for the counts. I have examined all three of these specimens and they do not differ from typical nwmmifer save in ventral count. It is a pleasure to name this form after my friend Dr. Picado, who has added so much to our knowledge of the poisonous snakes of Costa Rica. 42—Proc. Biou. Soc. Wash., Vou. 52, 1939. (165) th PE Nah ph ili cali Siazan! Vol. 52, pp. 167-170 December 15, 1939 PROCEEDINGS BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON | \* DEC 20 193 A NEW SUBSPECIES OF INEZIA SUBFLAVA FROM THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF MT. DUIDA, VENEZUELA. BY JOHN T. ZIMMER. In the course of recent studies of Peruvian genera of the family Tyrannidae, I have had occasion to examine Inezia subflava, a species and genus which does not occur within the Peruvian boundaries. Certain facts have come to light regarding exten- sions of range and subspecific characters in this species which it may be well to place on record. A good series of J. s. caudata from Dutch Guiana, the lower Orinoco in Venezuela, and the Rio Surumd in northeastern Brazil shows great con- sistency in the clear white or pale yellow of the entire outer web of the outermost rectrix, sometimes with a very slight incursion of brown from the inner web across the shaft just before the tip. This character is shared by I. s. intermedia (as exemplified by a specimen from the lower Magdalena, Colombia) but not by J. s. subflava. In the lower Amazonian form, there is a narrow pale margin along the outer edge of the outer web of the outer- most rectrix but it does not reach the shaft, except where the pale tip of the feather crosses both webs, and it sometimes is obsolete. This character appears to have escaped the notice of students of the species. The buffy tinge of the breast and throat in caudata, the relatively broad whitish area of the chin, the pale tint of yellow on the belly, and the usually positive brown hue of the upper parts are other, better known characters of this subspecies. I. s. subflava is represented in the collections at hand from localities as far west as the right bank of the Rio Madeira, south of the Amazon, and from the north bank on the Rio Jamund4 and the lower left bank of the Rio Negro. Heretofore it has been known only from the Tocantins and the Tapajoz, both south of the Amazon. A series of birds from the upper Orinoco, the vicinity of Mt. Duida, the Rio Cassiquiare, and the upper Rio Negro shows a closer affinity to subflava than to caudata, especially with respect to the markings on the outer tail- feathers and the bright colors of the under parts but the birds have good distinctive characters of their own and deserve separate recognition as follows: 43—Proc, Broz, Soc. WasH., You. 52, 1939, (167) gEG 19 928 168 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Inezia subflava obscura, new subspecies. 1 Type.—from Esmeraldas, Mt. Duida, Venezuela; altitude 325 feet. No. 435,778, American Museum of Natural History. Adult female col- lected March 16, 1929, by the Olalla brothers. Diagnosis.—Nearest to I. s. subflava of the lower Amazon, Brazil, but upper parts much darker and browner; under part duller yellow with heavier shading on the sides of the breast and broadly along the flanks; bill and tarsus averaging longer. Differs from I. s. caudata of the Guianas and the lower Orinoco by having the upper under parts deeper yellow with heavier shading on the sides and flanks but without any tinge of buff on the throat and chest; white chin-spot more restricted and more sharply defined; outer rectrices with only a relatively narrow outer margin whitish or yellowish, not reaching the shaft; bill longer but tarsus shorter. Range.—Upper Orinoco, Venezuela, from Munduapo to the foot of Mt. Duida and the Cassiquiare, ranging southward along the upper Rio Negro, Brazil, at least to San Gabriel and Camanaos. Description of type.-—Upper parts dark Olive with indistinctly darker centers on the feathers; uropygium a little brighter but upper tail-coverts like the mantle. A large dusky spot reaching from the front of the orbit to the gape; rest of lores, nasal feathering, a narrow superciliary line, and a broader subocular space involving the bases of the auricular feathers clear white; the superciliary line gradually disappears over the auriculars, be- coming tinged with yellowish posteriorly; tips of auriculars, postocular space, and sides of neck paler olive than the back; chin narrowly white, connecting with the white subocular space; throat Primrose Yellow, becom- ing tinged with Light Yellowish Olive laterally and on the malar region; breast centrally dull Primrose Yellow; sides decidedly darker, Citrine Drab (X Yellowish Olive) continued broadly down the flanks; belly medi- ially Reed Yellow X Citron Yellow; under tail-coverts Primrose Yellow. Remiges near Clove Brown; primaries with outer margins very inconspicu- ously and finely paler and with inconspicuous pale terminal margins; secondaries similar but with pale edges and tips broader, becoming most pronounced on the inner feathers; tertials with outer margins and tips still broader, whitish, and sharply defined; lesser upper wing-coverts like the back; middle and greater series warm brown with conspicuous yellowish white tips, forming two pronounced wing-bars; under wing-coverts Prim- rose Yellow; inner margins of remiges narrowly yellowish white. Tail strongly rounded; outer rectrices 9 mm. shorter than the median ones), warm, dark brown with outer margins of the rectrices narrowly olivaceous, and with conspicuous, buffy whitish tips on all the feathers, narrowest on the median pair; outer web of outermost rectrix with only the faintest trace of a thread-like, pale outer margin. Bill (in dried skin) blackish; feet dark slate. Wing, 51 mm.; tail, 48.5; exposed culmen, 10.5; culmen from base, 14; tarsus, 16. . Remarks.—Males like the female. Although the type and some other specimens of obscura have almost no trace of a pale outer margin on the outermost rectrices, still other examples have such a margin, very narrow, and occasionally accompanied by an obvious lightening of the tone of brown on the rest of the outer web. The same type of variation is shown by typical subflava but I have seen no Zimmer—Inezia subflava from Mt. Duida, Venezuela. 169 specimen of either form in which the whole outer web of the outermost rectrix is whitish as it is in caudata and, presumably, intermedia. Occasional specimens from Muirapinim4, lower Rio Negro, approach obscura while others are typical subflava. I have no material from the Rio Negro between Muirapinim4 and Camanaos and hence am unable to say where the dividing line between the two subspecies may best be placed. Two examples from Frechal, Rio Surumd, near the junction of Brazil, Venezuela, and British Guiana, are caudata. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. I. s. subflava.— BRAZIL: Rio Tocantins, Ilha das Pavas, 1 7; Rio Irir{f, Santa Julia, 1 9; Rio Xing, Porto de Moz, 1 0; Rio Tapajoz, Tauary, 4 o’, 1 9; Igarapé Brabo, 2 6; Caxiricatuba, 2 9; Aramanay, 1 9; Rio Amazonas, Villa Bella Imperatriz, 1 (?); Rio Madeira, Borba, 1 o&, 1 9, 1 (?); Rio Negro, Igarapé Cacao Pereira, 5 o', 2 9, 1 (?); Muirapinim4, 2 o', 2 9, 2 (2); Rio Jamund4, Faro, 8 o&', 7 @, 2 (?). I. s. obscura.— BRAZIL: Rio Negro, Camanaos, 1 6,1 9; San Gabriel, 1 o,3°9; Tati, 1 Q. VENEZUELA: Mt. Duida, Esmeralda, 2 #1, 4 @ (incl. type); Rio Orinoco, mouth of Rio Ocama, 2 9; Munduapo, 1 0’; Rio Cassiquiare, El Merey, 1 9. I. s. caudata.— VENEZUELA: Rio Orinoco, Caicara, 3 61,3 9, 1 (?); Quiribana de Caicara, 1 9; Altagracia, 2 o’,1 9; Ciudad Bolivar, 1 9; Agua Salada de Ciudad Bolivar, 1 9; Las Barrancas, 1 o’; Rio San Feliz, La Cascabel, 1 9. DutcH GUIANA: Near Paramaribo, 3 ©. BRAZIL: Rio Surumd, Frechal, 2 9. I. s. intermedia.— CoLoMBIA: Rio Magdalena, Algodonal, 1 <. F-7o/~ Vol. 52, pp. 171-176 Ls as PROCEEDINGS BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGT yan | *# re oO nic ic THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS LAELIUS ASHMEAD (HYMENOPTERA: BETHYLIDAE). BY C. F. W. MUESEBECK, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U.S. Department of Agriculture. ay, 5 Laelius is a poorly known genus of which only occasional individuals have been either collected or reared. Accordingly, I was surprised recently to receive from E. A. Back, of this Bureau, twenty specimens which had been reared by him from the furniture carpet beetle, Anthrenus vorax Waterh., at Wash- ington, D.C. This series was found to represent an undescribed species, and since a name for it had been requested by Dr. Back, a description was prepared. It has seemed advisable, however, to publish at the same time a synopsis of the North American species of the genus in order to facilitate recognition of these forms and to indicate certain obvious new synonymy. The following brief review is based on the material in the collection of the U.S. National Museum. This is too inadequate to permit a completely satisfactory study of the genus, and the present paper can, therefore, be regarded as only a preliminary effort to define the few North American species that are now known. The genus Laelius, which was established by Ashmead in 1893 (Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 45 : 50), may be briefly characterized as follows: Antennae 13-segmented; eyes bare (incorrectly described by Ashmead as hairy) and always far removed from posterior margin of head; pronotum long, im- margined, narrowed anteriorly; mesoscutum short, the notaulices not or weakly indicated in the female, often well marked, though rarely complete, in the male; scutellum separated from mesoscutum by a deep furrow; propodeum with dorsal surface much longer than the abruptly declivous posterior surface, separated from the latter by a transverse carina, and provided with one or more longitudinal carinae that are better developed in the female than in the male, lateral margins carinate; femora, especially 44—-Proc, Brot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939, (171) 5 19 08 172 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. anterior and posterior femora of female, somewhat swollen; wings well developed, anterior wing with median and submedian cells closed, without a true stigma but with a short thickened marginal vein, with basal vein unbranched and with radius very short, at most only a little longer than the short basal vein. Genotype.—Laelius trogodermatis Ashmead (by original designation). Key to THe Norte AMERICAN SPECIES OF LAELIUS. 1. Wings entirely clear hyaline; pedicel of male antenna at least as long: as first flagellar segment. 0000 a eee 2 Anterior wing distinctly somewhat clouded; pedicel of male an- 2. Distance from eye to vertex nearly equal to eye height; ocellar triangle equilateral; radius as long as basal vein in both sexes; notaulices not apparent; propodeum of female with 3 com- plete longitudinal carinae centrally and without transverse rugae between the carinae................-.--------------- voracis, new species Distance from eye to vertex little more than half eye height; ocellar triangle not equilateral; radius, at least in female, much shorter than basal vein; notaulices distinct in male; propodeum of female with five longitudinal carinae centrally and with transverse rugae between the carinae..._.............-..-------.--- trogodermatis Ashmead 3. All femora and the scape piceous to blackish... 2. essence 4 All femora and the scape yellow.................-..------- tricarinatus Ashmead 4. The three central carinae of dorsal face of female propodeum complete. Male unknown _......................-.--- occidentalis Whittaker Only the median carina of dorsal face of female propodeum complete, the two others of the central group obsolescent supialliy.<.f4. Se Wa eh eo Cee utilis Cockerell Laelius voracis, new species. In its completely hyaline wings and darkened legs, as well as in the struct- ure of the male antenna, this species resembles trogodermatis Ashmead, while in the uniform development of the three central carinae of the female propodeum it is most similar te tricarinatus Ashmead. It may be dis- tinguished from all described North American species, however, by its relatively long and slightly curved stigmal vein and the uniform reticula- tion of the central areas on the female propodeum. Female.—Length 2.2 mm. Frons weakly reticulate and strongly shining; distance from eye to vertex about equal to eye height; vertex closely, shallowly punctate and subopaque; ocellar triangle equilateral; ocellocular line at least twice as long as postocellar line; pedicel of antenna fully one and one-half times as long as first flagellar segment; flagellar segments subequal in length, slightly longer than broad. Mesonotum strongly shin- ing, weakly reticulate; notaulices not apparent; dorsal face of propodeum about as wide at apex as at base, subopaque and finely reticulate, with three complete longitudinal carinae centrally, also with a short basal one each Muesebeck—Species of the Genus Laelius Ashmead. 173 side of this group nearer to submedian carina than to lateral margin and extending barely to middle, the areas enclosed by the central carinae not transversely rugose; posterior face of propodeum evenly but delicately reticulate, with a weak median longitudinal carina; metapleuron sculptured like posterior face of propodeum; radius about as long as basal vein, slightly curved, its apical half a little thickened. Abdomen smooth and polished. Black; antennae, mandibles and legs brownish to piceous; wings com- pletely hyaline, veins hyaline. Male.—Essentially like the female except in the following particulars: Pedicel slightly longer than first flagellar segment; dorsal face of propodeum narrowing a little caudad, with the three central carinae incomplete, ex- tending barely to the apical third; median carina of posterior face of propodeum indistinct or wanting. Type.—U. 8. National Museum, No. 53567. Type locality.— Washington, D. C. Host.—Anthrenus vorax Waterhouse. Described from seventeen females and three males reared by E. A. Back. Laelius trogodermatis Ashmead. Laelius trogodermatis Ashmead, Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus. 45 : 51, 1893. This species is readily distinguished by the characters mentioned in the key. In addition to the usual three longitudinal carinae on the middle two- fifths of the dorsal face of the propodeum there is a somewhat weaker and more irregular, but distinct, longitudinal ridge between the median carina and each of the other two principal carinae of the central group; the dorsal face of the male propodeum is finely obliquely aciculate within the apical lateral angles. The notaulices are indicated posteriorly in the female and are distinct on at least the posterior half of the mesoscutum in the male. As in voracis and utilis the antennal scape and the legs, especially the femora, are piceous. : Known only from the type and allotype, which were reared from Trogo- derma larvae found in an insect collection at Washington, D. C., and from a single female taken in Jacksonville, Fla., which was incorrectly included by Ashmead in his type series of tricarinatus. All three specimens are in the collection of the U. 8. National Museum. Laelius tricarinatus Ashmead. Laelius tricarinatus Ashmead, Bull. U. 8. Natl. Mus. 45 : 51, 1893. Laelius rufipes Ashmead, Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus. 45:51, 18938. New synonymy. Laelius nigripilosus Ashmead, Bull U. 8. Natl. Mus. 45 : 52, 1893. New synonymy. Bethylus constrictus Ashmead, Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus. 45 : 53, 1893. New synonymy. Laelius fumipennis Brues, Bull. Wisc. Soc. Nat. Hist. 8 (1) : 45, 1910. New synonymy. Laelius forsteri Kieffer (n. n. for rufipes Ashmead, preoccupied), Das Tierreich, Lief. 41, Bethylidae, p. 565, 1914. 174 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. The types of all the names listed above, except fumipennis, are in the National Museum and have been studied. I have not seen the type of fumipennis, which was distinguished by Brues on the basis of the conspicu- ously fuscous apical half of the fore wing. However, since there is consid- erable variation in the intensity of infuscation of the fore wing in the specimens examined that are regarded as tricarinatus, I do not believe fumipennis can be held distinct on this character. Miscounting the number of antennal segments, Ashmead was led to place constrictus in Bethylus. The type, however, has 13-segmented antennae and, in my opinion, not only belongs in Laelius but is conspecific with the type of tricarinatus. Female.—Hye only slightly longer than the distance from it to posterior margin of head; pedicel longer than first flagellar segment; ocelli in an equilateral triangle; notaulices indicated posteriorly; propodeum finely transversely rugulose with three well developed complete central longitu- dinal carinae and a short basal one each side midway between the outer central carina and the lateral margin, this short carina not extending beyond middle of propodeum; scape and all femora entirely yellow; anterior wing somewhat infuscated on apical half. Male.—Hyes relatively a little larger than in the female; first flagellar segment of antenna distinctly longer than pedicel; notaulices distinct at least from posterior margin to middle of mesoscutum; propodeum not transversely rugulose but evenly shallowly punctate, the punctures con- tiguous, none of the longitudinal carinae complete. Otherwise essentially like the female. The available material is not adequate to give a satisfactory picture of the distribution of the species. There is a single specimen from West Cliff, Colo., and rufipes is said by Ashmead to be from the ‘‘ Western States’’; all the remaining specimens examined are from the Atlantic Seaboard. On what grounds rujfipes was recorded from the West can not now be deter- mined; the two specimens comprising the type material bear no locality data, and when Ashmead entered the species in the National Museum type catalogue the space for the locality was left blank. Only two specimens of those studied have host records associated with them. Both are labeled as reared from Anthrenus verbasci (L.) by HE. A. Back, one at Washington, D. C., the other at Pacolet, S. C. Laelius occidentalis Whittaker. Laelius occidentalis Whittaker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1928, p. 387, fig. 3. _ I know this species only from the original description. It appears to resemble utilis very closely but to be distinguished, in the female, by having all three of the central propodeal carinae complete. The wings are said to be slightly clouded and the antennae, coxae and femora black. The unique type, from Chilliwack, British Columbia, is in the Whittaker Collection. It is the only known specimen. Muesebeck—Spectes of the Genus Laelius Ashmead. 175 Laelius utilis Cockerell. Laelius utilis Cockerell, Canad. Ent. 52 : 34, 1920. As stated under occidentalis, that species and utilis appear to be ex- tremely similar, the only basis for distinguishing them, so far as I can determine without having specimens of occidentalis for study, consisting in the development of the three central propodeal carinae of which only the median one is complete in wtilis. The female holotype and a paratype, both recorded as having developed on anthrenid larvae in an insect collection at Lynchburg, Va., are in the collection of the U. S. National Museum, which contains five additional specimens of this species. One of these is labeled as “found with T'rogo- derma tarsale,” at Washington, D. C.; two are from uncertain localities and without indication of probable hosts; one is from Hagerstown, Md., and one from Salisbury, N. C. The last is recorded as reared from Bruchus brachialis Fahr., but this record seems open to some question. as Hie Wi » So ane i Vol. 52, pp. 177-184 December 15, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON i/ Fi x5 ' 2 . 1 if > 4 \ 4\ [> | f ' ; 4 BUTTERFLIES FROM VIRGINIA. = BY AUSTIN H. CLARK ann LEILA F. CLARK. In Frederick County, Virginia, we had found occasional individuals of Glauwcopsyche lygdamus, a number of examples of Euchloé olympia, and a single Pieris virginiensis. It was evident that these butterflies were merely casuals in this region, and that there real home was somewhere else, presumably to the westward in nearby West Virginia. Indeed, our young friends William Orsinger and W. Herbert Wagner, had shown us small series of G. lygdamus and E. olympia taken on Ice Mountain and had told us that these two species were common there. We visited the region in the middle of April, stopping at Winchester, but continuous rain and cold prevented any col- lecting during our stay. We again visited the region in early May, in company with Mr. and Mrs. Ernest L. Bell of New York, and this time we were lucky enough to have three perfect days. In our field work on the first day we had the pleasure of the company of Dr. Walter S. Hough. We found Euchloé olympia abundant in the Ice Mountain region, and Glaucopsyche lygdamus locally common. The most productive locality in this area is reached by taking the un- improved road marked “‘Ice Mountain”’ running south by east from Slanesville on route 45. Huchloé olympia is abundant along the ridge beyond which the road dips into the valley of the North River, and Glaucopsyche lygdamus is common in the rich woods between this point and Slanesville, wherever the Carolina vetch (Vicia caroliniana) grows. Another excellent collecting ground is located a mile or so west of the Virginia border on the Bloomery road which runs west from route 7 slightly less than 2 miles north of Cross 45—Psroc. Biou. Soc. Wass., Vou. 52, 1939. (177) DEC 19 @ 178 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Junction, Frederick County, at the sign reading ‘‘Forks of Cacapon.”’ Here in a wooded bottom along a stream Pieris virginiensis is quite at home, and Glaucopsyche lygdamus is common about the patches of vetch. The occurence in numbers of these three species so close to the Virginia border explains their appearance in western Frederick County. In June we visited the Dismal Swamp region in company with Mr. and Mrs. Jackson H. Boyd and Messrs. John and Alexander Boyd of Southern Pines, North Carolina. On the return trip we found Argynnis diana in James City and Charles City Counties, from which it had not previously been reported— at least not since 1779. Early in July we revisited this region in company with Mr. and Mrs. Bell, securing our first July record of Nymphidia pumila. Toward the end of July we spent ten days in Highland County, where we took Strymon titus titus, and found Argynnis diana generally distributed though nowhere common. In the middle of September we spent two days on Tangier Island, Accomac County. We are privileged at this time to add four new butterflies to the Virginia list. Professor Lorus J. Milne of Randolph-Macon Woman’s College, Lynchburg, and Mrs. Milne, have given the U.S. National Museum a fine specimen of Erora laeta which they secured at Mountain Lake; Mr. Carroll E. Wood, Jr., of Salem, has presented the Museum with an excellent specimen of Incisalia polios which he took near Salem; Mr. Otto Buchholz, of Westfield, New Jersey, has been so kind as to permit us to include a notice of his capture of Atrytone pilatka near Munden; and we ourselves secured Strymon titus titus at three localities near Monterey. The number of butterflies now definitely known from Virginia is 148. In western Frederick County and in adjacent Hampshire County, West Virginia, we secured a long series of Huchloé olympia rosa, not previously known from the East. Whatever may be its status in the western states, it is in this region spy a varietal form of E. olympia. Twice during the season we were so fortunate as to be guests of Mr. Theodor M. Mussaeus at his cabin on the cliffs above the Shenandoah at Limeton. Last year at the base of a large tree Clark and Clark—Butierflies from Virginia. 179 in front of the cabin we found a nest of a large hornet. A worker from this nest was kindly identified for us by Miss Grace A. Sandhouse. It proved to be the European Vespa crabro, heretofore not recorded from Virginia. We hoped to get additional specimens this year, but failed to find it. Argynnis diana (Cramer). James City Co.: Jamestown, June 14, 1939; Barrett’s Ferry, June 14, 1939. Charles City Co.: Charles City, June 14, 1939. Highland Co.: Jack Mountain, July 23, 1939; McDowell, July 23, 1939; Headwaters, July 23, 1939; near Palo ‘Alto, July 23, 1939; Cow Pasture River at route 250, July 23, 1939; Lantz Mountain, July 25, 1939; Buckeye, July 27, 30, 1939. Remarks.—During the past season we found this magnificent species in three additional counties. The type specimen was presumably captured somewhere in the vicinity of Jamestown or adjacent Williamsburg. Our male from Jamestown represents the first capture of this insect in that region since it was described in 1779. We have noticed that some of the males from the coastal plain have three broad light dashes between the cell of the fore wing and the light outer border in the interspaces from veins 2 to 5. Nymphidia pumila Boisduval and LeConte. Princess Anne Co.: Near Lake Tecomseh, July 3, 1939. Remarks.—This butterfly was very common in a weedy field. It has the curious habit of settling wit with outstretched wings in the center of a group of the white flower heads of Achillea millefolium, just about the most con- spicuous place it could select. Many of its tropical relatives in South America have a similar habit. We have found this species very local in Virginia, though abundant in the restricted areas in which it occurs. All our previous records for this butterfly in Virginia have been in Sep- tember or early October. There is presumably a spring brood in April, but so far we have not found it. Glaucopsyche lygdamus (Doubleday). Roanoke Co.: Martin’s Farm, near Salem, April 18, 1938 (C. W. Gott- schalk). Rockbridge Co.: Camp Powhatan, near Natural Bridge, May 1, 1938 (C. W. Gottschalk). Wrst Vircinia: Hampshire Co.: Ice Mountain, May 7, 1939; Forks of Cacapon (or Capon), May 8, 1939. Remarks.—In Hampshire County, West Virginia, not far from the Virginia line, this butterfly is common, as we reported in 1938 (Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, vol. 51, p. 180, 1938). Its food plant, or at least its chief food plant, in this region is the Carolina vetch (Vicia caroliniana), and the butterfly is to be found in rich woodland wherever this plant grows. It is easily secured in quantities by remaining near a patch of this plant and catching the butterflies as they come to it. It is a very active little insect, flying with surprising speed very near the ground. In its habits it is much 180 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. more like the little copper (Lycaena phlaeas hypophlaeas) than like either of the other local blues (Lycaenopsis argiolus pseudargiolus and Everes comyntas). In fresh individuals the under side of the wings is very dark and slaty, wholly different from the light brown seen in faded museum specimens. cy Strymon titus titus (Fabricius). Highland Co.: Strait Creek, July 25, 19389; Monterey, July 26, 1939; Buckeye, July 27, 1939. Remarks.—It was a matter of much interest to us to find this form in Highland County, although its occurrence there was to have been expected. The southern subspecies, S. t. mopsus, is the one we have found on the piedmont and about Washington, and as far west as Warren County. We regard Strymon titus watsoni described by William Barnes and Foster H. Benjamin (Bull. So. California Acad. Sci., vol. 25, part 3, p. 94) from Kerrville, Texas, as a synonym of S. t. mopsus, with which the authors were unacquainted. When freshly emerged these butterflies are dark slaty in color, but in the sunlight they soon fade to a fairly light brown. Old museum specimens often become pale brown. Mr. Benjamin himself first suggested the identity of watsoni and mopsus. On being shown by the senior author some specimens of the latter from Washington—mopsus was considered a synonym of titus at the time—he at once suggested that watsoni was probably the same as mopsus. Strymon m-album (Boisduval and LeConte). Accomac Co.: Tangier Island, September 16, 1939. Strymon cecrops (Fabricius). Highland Co.: Buckeye, July 27, 30, 1939. Remarks.—This is our most northern record for this species. Incisalia polios Cook and Watson. Roanoke Co.: Orphanage Falls, at the foot of Fort Lewis Mountain, Carroll E. Wood, Jr., April 5, 1938. Remarks.—Mr. Wood was so generous as to present his specimen, which is quite typical, to the U.S. National Museum. The capture of this species in southwestern Virginia represents a notable extension of the known range. What its food plant is in this region remains to be determined. Erora laeta (W. H. Edwards). Giles Co.: Mountain Lake, Lorus J. and M. J. Milne, June 23, 1938. Remarks.—Professor Milne has been so very kind as to present: his specimen, a very fine one, to the U. S. National Museum. One of Mr. William Henry Edwards’ original specimens was captured at Coalburgh, West Virginia, not so very far from Mountain Lake. The species has not since been found in West Virginia. Clark and Clark—Butierflies from Virginia. 181 Pieris virginiensis W. H. Edwards. West Vireinia: Hampshire Co.: Forks of Cacapon (or Capon), May 8, 1939. Remarks.—In low damp woods along a stream we found this species not infrequent, flying in somewhat indolent fashion among the trees. We also noticed what we assumed were individuals of this species in a number of other similar localities in nearby West Virginia. We agree with Dr. A. B. Klots that the habitat of this species is so very different from that of Pieris rapae that there can be no question of direct competition between them. Pieris rapae is an open country butterfly. The early spring form in this region frequents the edges of woods, but does not enter them, when frightened flying off over the fields. We have found both species on the same groups of flowers by the roadside at different times, but this is unusual. Euchloé olympia form rosa (W. H. Edwards). Frederick Co.: Cross Junction, May 8, 1939; west of Cross Junction, May 8, 1939. West Vircinia: Hampshire Co.: Ice Mountain, May 7, 1939; Forks of Cacapon (or Capon), May 8, 1939. Remarks.—On April 24, 1938, we took typical Euchloé olympia at the two localities in Frederick County, and we have seen a number of specimens of typical olympia taken earlier in the same month in the region of Ice Mountain by Messrs. William Orsinger and W. Herbert Wagner. On May 7 and 8 of this year, although we took a few battered individuals of more or less typical olympia, nearly all that we captured were almost, or quite, typical rosa. tp At the time of our visit_to the region in 1938 the weather was cold, and there had been no warm weather earlier in the season. When we were there early in May of this year it was hot, and had been hot for some time. It can scarcely be doubted that all of the individals of this butterfly in this region are of the same stock. If this is so the natural conclusion is that in the cool weather of early spring this species appears in the form olympia, but later in the season after warm weather has become established it changes over to the form rosa. These two forms, therefore, are primarily cool and warm weather forms of the species, and not geographical races. Western and southwestern specimens that we have seen are all referable to rosa, while northern specimens from Michigan and elsewhere are referable to olympia. In northwestern Virginia and in adjacent West Virginia, both forms occur, olympia early in the season when it is still cool, rosa later after it has become hot. It is quite probable that the form rosa does not occur every year, as hot weather in late April and early May is exceptional. In the region of Ice Mountain we noticed that Huchloé olympia kept to the crests of the ridges and to the higher elevations generally, where it was very common, one or more being almost continuously in sight. Here Anthocharis genutia was infrequent. But in the bottoms of the valleys A. genutia was fairly common and £. olympia absent. 182 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. ‘ Papilio polyxenes astertus Cramer. Accomac Co.: Tangier Island, September 16, 17, 1939. Remarks.—This was the only swallowtail on the wing on Tangier Island at the time of our visit. It was not very common. As all the individuals were fresh we assume that in this region this species has three broods. Pyrgus centaureae wyandot (W. H. Edwards). Frederick Co.: Cross Junction, May 8, 1939; west of Cross Junction, May 8, 1939; Gainesboro, May 9, 1939; Whitacre, May 9, 19389. Wurst Vireinta: Hampshire Co.: Ice Mountain, May 7, 1939; Forks of Cacapon (or Capon), May 8, 1939. Remarks.—All over this region in late April this butterfly is very common and generally distributed, but its numbers begin to decrease toward the end of the month and it becomes progressively scarcer in May. Erynnis lucilius (Scudder and Burgess). Highland Co.: Middle Mountain, glade along woods near bog, June 12, 1939 (John E. Graf). Surry Co.: Spring Grove, July 1, 1939. Remarks.—The specimen from Spring Grove, which was identified by Mr. Ernest L. Bell, who was with us when it was caught, represents the first record of this species from the coastal plain. Poanes viator (W. H. Edwards). Richmond Co.: At the end of the bridge across the Rappahannock River from Tappahannock, June 27, 1937. King William Co.: Port Richmond, June 7, 1936. James City Co.: Jamestown, June 14, July 5, 1939. Isle of Wight Co.: Smithfield, June 15, 1938, June 10, 1939. Nansemond Co.: Chuckatuck, June 15, 1938. Princess Anne Co.: Knott’s Island, July 5, 1939. Remarks.—This butterfly is exceedingly local, but wherever it is found it is exceedingly abundant. It occurs in incredible numbers in the marshes between Jamestown Island and the mainland in the areas where the wild rice (Zizania palustris) is common. On our visit to this locality on July 5, 1939, we found most of the individuals fresh males. Poanes aaroni (Skinner). District of Columbia: Washington, E. M. Aaron, July 24, 1903. Remarks.—Dr. Eugene Murray Aaron has been so kind as to give us the details of his capture of a specimen of this species, named for him by Dr. Henry Skinner. : Mr. Aaron lived at the time just north of the western end of Summit Place on the top of the cliff at the bottom of which were the bears’ dens in the National Zoological Park. Just across Summit Place was the residence of Mr. George Brown Goode, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Between Mr. Goode’s house and the cliff was a flower bed. The butterfly was captured on this flower bed while hovering over an agave in a tub. Adams Mill Road now passes over the spot. Clark and Clark—Butterflies from Virginia. 183 This species no longer occurs in the vicinity of Washington, presumably having been extirpated by the filling in of the extensive marshes along the Potomac. Poanes viator, which formerly occurred in Washington (Bull. 157, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 229, 1932), was probably extirpated at the same time, Atrytone dukesi Lindsey. Norfolk Co.: Gum swamp south of the Chesapeake and Albemarle canal at North Landing, June 12, 13, 23, July 2, 1939; Pocaty Creek, June 12, 1939. Remarks.—This species appears to be quite common throughout the gum swamp that occupies the eastern extension of Norfolk County. We have found it at the point where route 190 approaches the bridge over Pocaty Creek, and also where route 165 approaches the drawbridge over the Chesapeake and Albemarle canal. Dr. G. W. Rawson found it along the southern edge of the canal near the drawbridge. Atrytone pilatka (W. H. Edwards). Princess Anne Co.: Munden, Otto Buchholz, June 21, 1939. Remarks.—This large skipper forms a very interesting addition to the fauna of Virginia. The most northerly known locality heretofore was Oriental, North Carolina. Calpodes ethlius (Cramer). Accomac Co.: Tangier Island, September 18, 1939. Remarks.—This record is based upon a single half grown caterpillar found on a canna in Mrs. T. J. Pruitt’s garden. Panoquina panoquin (Scudder). Accomac Co.: Tangier Island, September 16-18, 1939. Remarks.—This skipper, which was abundant everywhere on the exten- sive salt marshes, was the only common butterfly on the island at the time of our visit. ia yas. yea Ou RROD ie HRA a z y i f yetarg WAN | | ip 1a A ace Ean Vol. 52, pp. 185-186 omer 15, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON OMAN ae A SOUTHERN RACE OF THE/JACANA, | BY PIERCE BRODKORB. a) obeu haart i"; , “fVAL, iV Although Hellmayr' states that jacanas from Guiana, eastern Brazil, and Paraguay, are all alike, comparison of a large series of birds from the southern part of the range of the species shows certain constant differences which I propose to recognize by name. Jacana spinosa dorsalis, subsp. nov. _ Type.—Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool., No. 93245; o ad.; Horqueta, Paraguay; February 19, 1937; Alberto Schulze, orig. no. 3159. Characters.—Difiers from Jacana spinosa jacana (Linnaeus)? of north- eastern South America in having the back paler (hazel instead of liver brown); rump and upper tail coverts Hessian brown instead of diamine brown; flanks and.under wing coverts chestnut instead of bay, the latter area much less marked-with blackish, the color of flanks often encroaching more on belly. Young also paler above. Range.—Paraguay, Bolivia, and northern Argentina. Remarks.—There is some seasonal difference in color, freshly molted birds being darker than those in worn plumage. The tarsus averages a little shorter in dorsalis, but the difference is so slight that it is of no use in identifying specimens. Eight adult males and six adult females of both forms compare in tarsal length as follows— males: dorsalis 49.5-57 (53.1), jacana 53.5-60.5 (56.8); females: dorsalis 57-62.5 (59.7), jacana 56.5-64 (60.3 mm.). A male from Capitén Bado, Paraguay, has a trifid frontal lobe, the character on which Sharpe erected the genus Asarcia for the jacanas of Costa Rica and northwards. Material examined.—Jacana spinosa jacana—British Guiana: Aurora 3, Omai Mine, Essiquibo River 1. French Guiana: Cayenne 2, Mana 1. 1 A contribution to the ornithology of northeastern Brazil, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., zool. ser., 12, No. 18, 1929, p. 490. 2 Parra Jacana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 1766, p. 259. Restricted type locality, Surinam (Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, 1908, p. 304). 46—Proc. Biou. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. (185) DEG 19 1080 186 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Northern Brazil: Rocana, Uassi Swamp 4, Caviana Island 3, Boa Vista, Marajé Island 1. Jacana spinosa dorsalis—Paraguay: Horqueta 7, Capitan Bado 5, 40 kilometers west-southwest of Capitan Bado 2, Kilometer 265, west of Puerto Casado 1. Bolivia: Buenavista 1, not specified 1. Argentina: Embarcacién, Salta 1. Sarmiento, Tucumén 1. I am indebted to Miss Ruth Trimble for lending me some skins from the collection of the Carnegie Museum. i Yeas; 7 VO I~ Vol. 52, pp. 187-196 December 15, 1939 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ye - af sh AK AES ey ey / c\ if PQA pat, if ONS f= MEXICAN HERPETOLOGICAL NOVELTIES. ” 193 BY HOBART M. SMITH! “ss, “ONAL MUS - Among the specimens collected in Mexico during the months of October through March of 1988 and 1939, a few highly interesting novelties have come to light. Some of them are discussed in this paper. A large proportion of the rarer material was discovered in one of two habitats not frequently searched: bromeliads and bananas. The former has been known for some time as a fruitful source of material, at least at certain times of the year. Dead and dry bromeliads were found to conceal many snakes; how- ever, the snakes deserted them after heavy showers, during which the plants accumulated considerable water. Bananas afforded the most amazing results. The loose outer leaves on the trunks of the plants hold sufficient moisture to protect amphibians during the dry season, when they seek refuge there in untold numbers. For example, in one large banana patch, three men including myself collected 537 speci- mens in two hours; had we saved all the specimens of the most common species (Oedipus rufescens) the number would have been nearer 750. The total number of species found in, on or under bananas in this region was 23. The material discussed was secured through aid of the Walter Rathbone Bacon Travelling Scholarship. I am also deeply indebted to Mr. and Mrs. Dyfrig McH. Forbes for assistance in obtaining specimens, and to Dr. E. H. Taylor for aid in studying them. | Eleutherodactylus spatulatus, sp. nov. (Figures 4 and 5, Plate II.) Type.—Female, U. 8. Nat. Mus., H. M. Smith field number 3787, January 5, 1939, Cuautlapan, Veracruz. 1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 47—Proc. Biou. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939, (187) DEC 10 aa 188 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Paratypes.—Seven, all from the type locality, collected on January 5 and 16, 1939 (numbers 3786, 3788, 4391, 4411, 4467, 4470, 4488). Diagnosis.—Tips of digits expanded; disks with terminal transverse grooves, four times as broad as narrowest part of corresponding digit, twice size of tympanum; vocal sac present; a few large pustules on eyelid; a dark interorbital bar; limbs with distinct, dark bands; labia barred. Maximum size of female, 32 mm.; of male, 23.6 mm. Description of type.-—Head somewhat flattened; lores oblique, slightly concave; canthi distinct, rounded; tip of snout vertical; nares very near tip of snout, a very distinct median depression between them; diameter of eye equal to distance between eye and naris; interorbital distance slightly less than diameter of eye; tympanum vertically oval, nearly round, its greatest diameter considerably less than half that of orbit; a very distinct, supratympanic fold terminating posteriorly in a tubercle. Vomerine teeth in two short groups between and behind posterior level of choanae, nearer each other than choanae; tongue subcircular, sides and posterior edge free. First finger distinctly shorter than second, which in turn is distinctly shorter than the fourth; terminal disk of first finger very slightly expanded; disk of second finger a little more than half the width of disks of third and fourth fingers; latter disks nearly twice the size of tympanum; disks truncate, distinctly notched medially; subarticular tubercles of hand large, single; supernumerary tubercles present, small; an elongate tubercle at the base of first finger and another at base of third; no trace of web; three enlarged tubercles in a row on posteroventral margin of lower foreleg. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching a little in front of orbit; heels overlap slightly; subarticular tubercles of foot large, single; outer metatarsal tubercle elongate, padlike; inner metatarsal tubercle small, rounded; supernumerary tubercles small; tarsal fold present, not very distinct, beginning at inner metatarsal tubercle and extending nearly the full length of tarsus; disks on toes small, the largest (of fourth toe) somewhat smaller than disk of second finger; no trace of web. Skin over most of dorsal surfaces rugose; a faint but distinct, very fine middorsal ridge extending from snout to anus; a dermal ridge extending from posterior border of orbit posteriorly and medially to a distinct tubercle on extreme posterior occipital region; a short series of tubercles, more or less continuous with the preceding ridge, continues in a posterolateral direction; a number of enlarged pustules on eyelid; ventral surfaces of body and hind legs distinctly granular; ventral disk very indistinct. Color. Ground color of back olive-gray; large dark brown blotches on back forming on sides a barred effect made very distinct because of the white ground color of the sides; a crescentic black line on each side curving posteriorly from posterior corner of eye toward middle of back, extending posteriorly to a point above and behind axilla; limbs with distinct dark bands separated from each other by light interspaces subequal in width to the dark bands; these dark bands particularly distinct on concealed surfaces of hind leg. A broad, dark interorbital bar, with a narrow anterior border; labia 189 Smith—Mezxican Herpetological Novelties. O'9OT o ST SSL Lot 0'6€ o8e LOT O'9T eT oT 66 o6 &8 82 9% O'&S 2 2 LOVY T6EP Gece Geie e O'9T Oot Ost LOL 06E 0'6€ OLT SOT Gt TT 98 g8 9°L LL 9°GG GGG eo 2 f ‘CWA NI) SENGWHYOSVa] 40 ATaV], eet eS aoe —tanueduls 7, eS ee ee UIPES Peorr peccraecneconenasnnccannnnn as yysue] prop, qUeA 0} YNOUg 190 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. barred, the subocular bar very distinct; throat stippled with darker color; belly stippled, with white alveolae; ventral surfaces of limbs dimly mottled, the darker areas stippled. ; Inner, maxillary flange of upper jaw stippled with darker color. Variation. One female has a broad white line down the middle of the back. The interorbital dark bar is rather indistinct in some specimens. The markings on the back are irregular, except the crescentic suprascapular mark, which is constant in all. An oblique dark mark behind the axilla seems relatively constant. Comparisons. The species most closely related to spatulatus is alfredt. The two form a group widely different from other Mexican species. The present species differs from alfred: in a number of characters, the most conspicuous of which is the much smaller tympanum. In alfredi its di- ameter is more than half (about two-thirds) the diameter of the eye, and equal to or greater than the width of the third fingertip. In spatulatus the diameter of the tympanum is less than half that of the eye, and only about half the width of the third fingertip. In alfredi the dark bands on the legs are indistinct and narrowly departed from each other by light interspaces; the back is more or less uniform olive gray, with scattered white flecks. Habitat. All specimens were found in banana plants, in the axils of the trunk leaves. The species seems rather rare. Hleutherodactylus alfredi was found much more frequently in the same identical habitat. Anotheca coronaia (Stejneger). (Figures 1, 2, 3 Plate I, and 6, Plate IT.) A large series of 103 specimens? of the rare Gastrotheca coronata Stejneger was secured in the months of January and February, 1939, at Cuautlapan, Veracruz. In densely shaded, mixed groves of coffee trees and banana plants, they were found in the axils of the loose outer leaves on the trunks of bananas. They did not appear to exist in plants exposed to open sunlight, or in small plants. Previous knowledge of the species has been based upon two specimens. One is immature, from Cérdova, Veracruz (British Museum 1930. 4. 10. 1); the other is an adult male (type) from Palomo, Valle de Orosi, Cartago, Costa Rica. The description of the type (Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 41, 1911, pp. 287-8) leaves no doubt that the Cuautlapan specimens are conspecific. Females of coronata have the spines of the transverse occipital crest very poorly developed, while males have them strongly developed. Sexes may easily be distinguished on the basis of this character. An examination of the females brought to light a highly interesting fact: there is no dorsal brood pouch. Other members of Gastrotheca do have a brood pouch so far as known. Further, the sacral diapophyses (fig. 2) are strongly dilated. The terminal phalanges are claw-shaped. These characters remove coronata not only from the genus Gastrotheca, 2 Deposited in the National Museum; H. M. Smith field numbers 2575, 2924, 2928-33, 2935-6, 3199-3209, 3211-3, 3564-94, 3813, 38158, 3820, 3830-8, 4130-50, 4262-74. Smith—Mexican Herpetological Novelties. — 191 but also from the subfamily Hemiphractinae.? Its association with the subfamily Hylinae seems clear. There are no palatine or parasphenoid teeth; the snout is not produced forward; the internal metatarsal tubercle is not free; pupil round; mandible with no toothlike projections. Certain peculiarities of the pectoral apparatus are shown in figure 1. A cartilaginous rod extends from the posteromedial margin of the pro- coracoid on each side to the internal surface of the sternum, to which it is attached by fascia. The girdle is arciferal. The urostyle is peculiar in possessing a transverse process on each side near its base (fig. 3). These characters in combination differentiate coronata from all other casque-headed Hylinae (Diaglena, Triprion, Piernohyla, Nyctimantis, Hemiphractus, Corythomantis, and a few Hyla species). I therefore propose the generic name Anotheca for it. Its diagnosis follows. Derm of head completely involved in the cranial ossification; posterior edge of casque studded with high, conical, erect bony spines; a similar series of spines above tympanum; supraorbital crest tubercular; canthus granular; vomerine teeth present; no palatine or pterygoid teeth; snout not produced; pupil round; internal metatarsal tubercle padlike; no marsupium. Leiolopisma cherriet (Cope). (Figure 7, Plate II.) A series of thirteen specimens from Veracruz (U. 8. Nat. Mus., H. M. Smith field nos. 1612-3, 1724-5, 2052-3, 2082-3, 2117, 2226, 2278-9, from Potrero Viejo, December 13 to 26, 1938; no. 2964, Cuautlapan, January 3, 1939) are not referable-te.any species generally recognized from Mexico. Dr. L. C. Stuart informs me that they are identical with cherriei specimens from Central America. Diagnosis.—A member of the “ Mocoa”’ group; 30 to 32 scale rows about the middle of the body; 65 to 72 transverse rows from occiput to base of tail (a line connecting posterior margins of thighs); adpressed limbs slightly separated (maximum five scales), touching or overlapping slightly (maxi- mum three scales), usually overlapping in males, usually separated in females. It differs remarkably from assatum in having a blue tail instead of pink; lateral dark line complete to groin; sides of neck and abdomen darkly mottled; postocular stripe covering dorsal half of lower secondary temporal; primary temporal usually as long as high. Description (from no. 2053, male).—Parietals enclose interparietal; frontoparietal entire; four supraoculars, second largest; frontal slightly longer than frontoparietal; two prefrontals, separated by contact of frontal and internasal; nasal entire; anterior loreal much higher than long, posterior loreal slightly higher than long; two superimposed preoculars; seven super- ciliaries, the anterior the largest; seven supralabials, the subocular (fifth) the longest, the sixth or seventh the highest. Anterior temporal subequal in size to sixth supralabial, slightly higher than long, separated from parietal by a small scale; upper secondary tem- 3 Noble, G. K. 1931. The biology of the amphibia. McGraw-Hill Book Co. 192 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. poral largest of all temporals, in contact with parietal; lower secondary temporal slightly smaller than anterior temporal. Mental with a labial border somewhat greater than that of rostral; seven infralabials; one undivided postmental, larger than mental, followed by four postmentals on each side, separated from each other medially by one or more scales. Ear slightly vertically oval, its longitudinal diameter two-thirds the distance between eye and posterior edge of nostril, and its vertical diameter two-thirds the diameter of orbit; diameter of orbit equal to distance between eye and anterior edge of nostril; distance between eye and ear equal to distance between eye and tip of snout. Scales around middle of body 32; scales from parietals to base of tail 68; adpressed limbs separated by two scales; lamellar formula of fourth toes 17-18; diminutive tubercular keels present on lateral body scales, especially in lateral nuchal region, and behind axilla, but very indistinct. Two median anal scales bounded laterally by two smaller scales on each side; scales preceding anals slightly enlarged; subcaudals slightly larger than dorsal caudals, not transversely enlarged. Color.—Dorsal surface of body light brown, somewhat more olive mid- dorsally; head uniform light brown above; tail dark olive-blue above, with numerous dark flecks; a few dark flecks in middorsal body region. A dark stripe beginning in loreal region, faintly visible about nostril, passes through the eye, above tympanum and axilla to groin, where it disappears; it is broadest (three scales wide) between ear and foreleg, and begins to taper and break up behind the foreleg; it occupies the lower half of the upper secondary temporal and the upper half of the lower secondary temporal; a dark streak below the anterior part of the eye; several dark spots on the supra- and infralabials; smaller dark flecks below ear and below lateral dark stripe on neck; still smaller and more numerous dark flecks on sides of body. Ventral surfaces immaculate save a few flecks on the sides of the gular region and scattered flecks on the tail. Base of tail faintly pink. Comparisons.—Both subspecies of assatwm possess pink tails, while cherriei has a blue tail. The lateral dark stripe passes above the lower secondary temporal in assatuwm, through it in cherriet. The sides of the body are mottled more strongly, and the general ground color is darker in the former than in the latter. Differences in scutellation are minor. Usually the primary temporal is as long as or longer than broad in cherriez, broader than long in assatum. The general habitus is different, cherriet having a more robust body than assatum. The tail appears to be proportionately longer. Leptodeira frenata (Cope). © (Figure 8, Plate IT.) On December 28, 1938, and January 8, 1939, three specimens of Lepto- deira (deposited in the U. S. Nat. Mus.; H. M. Smith field numbers 2356, 2357, 3771) were secured from dead, dry bromeliads near Palma Sola, about 10 miles east of San Juan de la Punta, Veracruz. The locality is on a very dry plain, characterized by scattered low trees, short grass and few palms. 193 Smith—Mexican Herpetological Novelties. 8T-9T 5 ST91 02-06 69 GE v9 O'8T ett 06 0'SS 0'0€ OST Le 0°Sg 2 966 ST-LT 99 Gé 9 LIIG SI-L1 89 GE 19 0O'sT OCI Gs 0°86 G86 OLT GE 6G oe 6906 sI-L1 GL ce 89 O'ST roma qs 0°06 O'LG SLT o& OTS e VELT L1-L1 = Occ SI-81 0°96 PONE Oe 0'6P 2 GSCLT [ 6I-8T 02 Oe 87 2 cI9l 6166 enh So 90} Up ovlpourey Qt a See meee ee sles1oqd (2 === Apoq punoire sayvog Cpe = eee 90} YHINOT AQ So ee ae ee 3aT Gf. = ae See Uy ——— [eqelied 07 peop OG ee eee ee Teh eee eS UlOIS 0} VIPIXV 7 SopeloF OF ynoug (ee ee Iva 09 JnouUg (ices See quaA 0} JnoUg She 52 Se ee a X98 S77 Se aS Jequin NI “(INN NI) 2a2M/ayo DwsidojoleT JO SLNQOD BIVOG GNV SINGWHUASVa]\, JO ATAV], 194 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. The specimens seem referable to the rare Sibon frenatum described by Cope in 1886 (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 184) on the basis of a specimen from Jalapa, Veracruz. Since its description no further specimens have appeared in collections and, moreover, the single type has apparently been lost. : The type description, with emendations based on the present three specimens, follows: “Scales in twenty-three longitudinal series [19-21-15 (), 21-21-17 (29), with very short intercalated rows on anterior part of body, in two specimens, bringing the maximum count to 23]. Body rather slender, tail rather short, head very distinct and depressed. Superior labials nine [by error; should be eight], eye resting on the fourth and fifth, and only separ- ated from the third by the small inferior preocular. All are higher than long, excepting the eighth and ninth [eighth only], which are longer than high; the sixth and eleventh are the largest. Inferior labials, eleven [in error; should be ten; one specimen has nine]. Postgeneials much longer than pregeneials [equal or slightly longer]. Loreal plate subquadrate; oculars 2-2 [three preoculars on one side in one specimen]; the superior anterior not reaching the frontal plate [does on both sides of one specimen]. Temporals, 1-2-3. Frontal twice as long as wide [somewhat less in twol, with parallel sides. Occipitals moderate, reaching to above middle of eighth superior labials.4 Gastrosteges, 188 [183 , 180 2, 178 9]; anals, 1-1; urosteges, 69 [79 0, 70 9, 65 Q]. ““Colors.—Above black [bands entirely black or with dark brown centers], below white [bands encroach on edges of ventrals]. At distance of from six to nine [four to ten] scales, narrow cross-bands of one scale in width [on or near middle of body] rise from the abdominal border color, and meet or terminate in alternating positions, on or near the middle line of the back. These bands are more or less gray, sometimes darker in the middle [and expand on sides of body to a width of two or three scales; on each side they usually enclose a small dark spot involving the first scale row and the edges of the adjacent ventrals]. The top of the head is gray densely mottled with blackish, leaving a crescentic space of light gray between a black spot behind the headshields and the beginning of the black of the superior surfaces. A broad, black band passes downwards and posteriorly from the eye, and crossing the angle of the mouth covers the side of the neck and unites with the black of the following regions. The superior labials are light gray with black borders; the dark borders of the inferior labials are less distinct. “Total length, 305 mm. [483 mm. o’, 496 mm. 2, 532 mm. 9]; of tail, 66 mm. [107 mm., 9.7 mm., 112 mm., respectively]; of head to canthus oris, 11 mm. No. 298 (of the Comisién Geogrdfica Exploradora de México collec- tion exhibited at the New Orleans Exposition). Jalapa, Mexico.” 4This statement leads me to believe Cope erred in counting nine supralabials (and therefore eleven infralabials), for in the present three specimens also the occipitals reach to the middle of the eighth (and last) supralabial. The scale following the eighth supra- labial resembles a labial, but is not. Smith—Mexican Herpetological Novelties. 195 The number of bands on the body of the male is 26 or 27; of the females, 28 or 29 in one, 30 in-the other. The number of tail bands in the male is 12 or 14; of the females, 12 or 14 in one, 11 or 12 in the other. The fangs are strongly grooved. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. Fig. 1. Ventral view of right half of pectoral girdle of Anotheca coronata. Cartilage lightly stippled. Fig. 2. Sacral vertebra of Anotheca coronata. Cartilage lightly stippled. Fig. 3. Urostyle of Anotheca coronata. ’ Fig. 4. Type of Eleutherodactylus spatulatus.. Snout-vent measurement 32 mm. Fig. 5. Paratype of Hleutherodactylus spatulatus. Snout-vent measure- ment 32 mm. Fig. 6. Anotheca coronata, male. Fig. 7. Left, Leiolopisma assatum assatum, E. H. Taylor—H. M. Smith collection number 10065, Tapachula, Chiapas, 48 mm. snout to vent. Right, Leiolopisma cherriet, H. M. Smith field number 2053, Potrero Viejo, Veracruz, snout-vent measurement 52.3 mm. _ Fig. 8. Leptodeira frenata, male, 483 mm. total length. * ay Git i Proc. Bion. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52. PuatTe I Anotheeca coronata. Proc. Brox. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52. Puate II Mexican Herpetological Novelties. —J av INDEX New Names are given in heavy face, as are also principal page references. aaroni, Poanes............------------------ 182 abeillii, Hesperiphona... 145 oper ree ee eae 145 abietorum, Peromyscus manicu- ESE Fe eit Ciara 103 Acanthostethus.................-..----.--- 141 Fal eibey eet eee Eee ese 142 herre 22 ee ee ee 142 Acarospora Cervina.........------------- 25 Achillea millefolium............ 179 aculeata, Sitta carolinensis. 4 acuticauda, Lonchura... u 74 Wdiantopsig.n ec 113 Seemanni..............-..-----------<- 113 Aegithina tiphia._.............._-..--.- 63, 64 septentrionalis___..._....... 63, 64 Aegolius funerea beickianus._..... 81 caucasicus............-.....--- 81 juniperi..............---.--.. 80, 81 macnae wey. richardsoni................---- 81 tengmalmi_________- 81 affinis, Tephrodornis.................-. 69 afghanica, Hirundo rustica........ 75 afghanistanica, Ceryle rudis...... 79 afghanorum, Temenuchus pago- CLL ee ae 73 agile, Piprisoma...............------------ 77 agricola, Streptopelia orientalis 81 alba, Arthopyrenia, 24 albescens, Rhea.......... os 138 americana....-...2-...----.--- 138 glbbeudatue, Thomomys _bot- ic SLR UN a MSMR UST 160, 162 Sse aiie Antilope... 89, 90 albilinea, Indoprocne. 155 albilinea..._._. aati Gy 156 albilineum, Rhizocarpon____ ae 4. albocaerulescens, Lecidea._..__.. 24 Alcemerops athertoni.......... 79 brevicaudata._____. 79 alfredi, Eleutherodactylus.. 4 190 alleni, Pipilo pl CNS 121, 122 alticola, Certhia familiaris.._...__.. Thomomys bottae........ Lia 31 amabile, Sialia mexicana.. amaricola, Neostethus..... 148, 144 americana, Rhea..........-. 137 americana..... p 137 americanus, Struthio.__. i 137 pe cole eRinyE l 85, 87 Zapus hudsonicus...... 3 134 ampelinus, Hypocolius.... WARE 64 Amphiloma lanuginosum. 26 amplus, Carpodacus........- ee 106 Anaptychia aquila.__.. jst 26 EC CLOS ae es 26 anfractuosum, Polypodium........ 119 angustirostris, Bergepathus pen- ACTUAG UG ee eee as ast 34 anitae, Thomomys bottae...... 29, 30, 31 anomala, Dicliptera................---- 163 Pilege eee a 28 Anotheca........-.------ 191 coronata.... “190, 191, a8 Anthoceros laevis........-.----.--------- 48—Proc. Bion. Soc. WasH., Vou. 52, 1939. 17 1040 EER Anthocharis genutia..................- Anthrenus verbasci..................--- BS SN SL anticostiensis, Peromyscus man- TCHla tune eee ees NT NeeaE Antilope albifrons... pygarga.......... py gargus..... = apiculatum, Polypodium......___ aplonotus, Machlolophus xan- thogeny sisi. ey Eee Aplopappus........222222.0----eeeeeceeeeneee gilmanii_____. TeSiNOSUS..........-..----- es apodocarpa, Cladonia._.............. aquaticum, Dermatocarpon___._. aquaticus, Scalopus aquaticus._. aquila, Anaptychia........ Ara militaris mexicana... Arachnothera longirostra. Bly _ Vantynei................ see araneipes, Rhea americana...___.. argentatus, Peromyscus mani- Culatust2 08 es aromaticum, Polypodium___...._. Arthonia dispersa...-......-.----------- lecideella.__..__. radiata.___........ Arthopyrenia alba... quinquesepta Arthothelium spectabile... asa-grayana, Frullania..__. ascociscana, Rinodina._._.. Neh asiaticus, Caprimulgus.. ey. assatum, Leiolopisma.... assatum......... 28 Asterella tenella... asterius, Papilio polyxenes.......... athertoni, Aleemerops.__............. atrata, Saxicola caprata.... atrogrisea, Bacidia........ Atrytone, dukesi...... pilatka._.... li aurantiaca, Caloplaca................. aureiventris, Thomomys bottae aureoviridis, Eugenes fulgens____ aurulenta, Parmelia._.................- australis, Sialia mexicana.. aya, Chaetodon..................... ib azarea, Milvago chimango.......... azureum, Leptogium tremel- Lorde sides sii ir EEG Bacidia atrogrisea..........--..--------- fuscorubella ___.. _Schweinitzii__... at bacillaris, Cladonia...............-....-- 198 baereckeii, Globicephala.__________. 99 Bailey, V. Trapping animals humanely and handling them intelligently ..._.......---------------- bairdi, Sialia mexicana.__. 125, 126, 127 balacbacana, Ryssota nigrescens 43, 44 balerana, Lamarckiella..._.____... 42 Ryssotal eee ag ee 42 baltistanicus, Oriolus oriolus...... 72, 73 bangsi, Mirafra cantillans_.______. 76 Pterocles orientalis._....__.__. 81 barbata, Usnea...............--...----- 26 Bartsch, Paul. A synopsis of Philippine land mollusks of the subgenera Lamarckiella and Pararyssota of the genus Ry asotae solr ee 41 Beard, D. B. Bird Life in the Dry, Rortugas ene xil beauvoisii, Cladonia cristella.__.. 25 beickianus, Aegolius funerea._.... 81 benguetana, Ryssota carinata... 50, 51 Benson, Seth B Description and Records of Harvest Mice (Genus Reithrodontomys) from Mexico! es 147 and Daniel F. Tillotson, Description of two subspecies of Pocket Gopher (Thomomys bottae) from Sonora..____....... 151 Berthylus...........--...------ 174 constrictus... 173, 174 Biatorella clavus.... 25 simplex............... 25 biatorina, Rinodina....... ae 26 bicornis, Ceratostethus.__._______.. 142 biddlecomiae, Cololejeunea........ 22 bikolanus, Mirophallus._...._..._.... 142 bilkevitchi, Chloris... Beh 74 birostris, Tockus...._................-.-- 79 Blake, 8. F. Notice of a hum- mingbird caught by flying into wire mosquito netting... xi A New. Aplopappus from the Death Valley Re- gion, California__.._...._.__....-...- 97 A Pleistocene Porpoise (Tursiops sp.) from Mary- Nanda eee eC uO ni 99 Blarina brevicauda brevicauda.. 132 bokharensis, Parus major.___.._.. 62 Bomhard, L Palms— around the world...................... ix borealis, Lasiurus borealis. 132 borneensis, Neostethus.......__...._. 143 borreri, Parmelia.__._..._-_--.._-.--... 26 bottae, Thomomys..151, 152, 159, 161, 162 bournsi, Ryssota zeus 48 brachialis, Bruchus....... ve ao brachyura, Pitta_._._........_--...- 77 Brachypternus benghalensis woodi_......._.. Ant als 78 tehminge ee 78 Brandes, EK. W. Sugar cane: biological aspects of the col- lapse and revival of the sugar cane industry in southern Unies States ste cee wee ix Bray, R. 8S. Preliminary notes on the Cladocera of the Dis- trict region...... sranoregastaae seoescmncno x brevicauda, Blarina brevicauda 132 brevicaudata, Alcemerops ath- ECO Eee RN a 79 brittoniae, Frullania.......__.......... 22 Brodkorb, Pierce. Three New Birds from Para, CUS Vow ee 83 Two undescribed South American Barbets.................--- 135 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Brodkorb, Pierce. Notes on the races of Rhea americana G@innseus) eee 137 —_— A Southern Race of the DIC ANALOG Ce ies 185 brodkorbi, Turdus merula______.... 67 Brosman, J. Moths, butterflies, and their larvae... xi brucei, Otus i 80 Bruchus brachialis__............s-...- 175 i i 26 26 42 45, 46 46 82 82 Burleigh, Bee D. (See also Sutton and Burleigh).__......... 145 burmanica, Saxicola caprata...... 65, 66 IBUrrica se Sei ai ae nae ean ae 105 burti, Reithrodontomys.. 147, 148, 149, 150 burzil, Anthus hodgsoni..........._.. 75 Cc cabanensis, Hesperiphona abeilli 145 caesia, Physcia......_...---------e------ 26 caespiticia, Cladonia.___.__.........-- 25 Cahalane, V. H. Sand, birds, and ships—the Cape Hatter- as seashore..2 0) xi californicus, Sorex ornatus._._... 95 Caloplaca aurantiaca............ me 26 modesta..._...........-- 26 Calpodes ethlius.._........_... 183 cambaiensis, Saxicoloides.... 4 66, 67 camoae, Thomomys bottae pe eA) GS) Campbellii, Enterosora._..._..... 113, 114, 115 campestris, Lecanora subfusca.. 26 canadensis, Lutra canadensis... 1382 canaster, Pipilo erythrophthal- IMS Y/4. 2a ea 122 canescens, Leucocirea albicollis_. 68 canina, Peltigera__...................-.-. 24 eantillans, Mirafra_._...-......-.....- 26 canus, Reithrodontomys fulves- (ers) 0S a eee et 149 caperata, Parmelia.............-... 26 Capito auratus conjunctus._____. 135, 136 punctatus.........----.-------- 135, 136 macintyrei___...._______...-_. 135, 186 caprata, Saxicola...._......-.----...---- 6 Caprimulgus asiaticus.——...._....... 80 gurgaoni._.._.._.....-.......... 80 MINOT! eee ee aes 80 siamensis.___......-.---.---- 80 Carbo mexicanus..._......------..-------- 10 Cardonae, Mendoncia.____.__.__. 18 carinata, Lamarckiella___...__._.. 42 carinata, Ryssota_........_.......--.-- 50 Garinatac se eevee een 50, 51 carolinensis, Clethrionomys gap- peri 37, 38 Sciurus carolinensis... 133 Sita a Oe Aree 3, 4 caroliniana, Vicia.___.......__...------ 177, 179 @Carpodsacus] = ee 125 ama plus eee a ieee 106 clementisn 2 ea aes 106 frontalig ee ete 129 RO LOM SEE WES 106 smith eee ae 106 TNC ET ES OT eee aera 106 Carpodacus mexicanus..............- 105 centralis ness suas 128 clementis._.........-------.---- 109 coccineusS........__......--.---- 128 frontalis......105, 107, 108, 109, 111 Index. 199 Carpodacus grinnelli__...__._.._.._.. 109,110 Cladonia chlorophaea lepido- mexicanus....... 105, 109 PHOT ae ea ee 25 potosinus._..... 128 simplex 25 rhodophus..... 129 clavulifera.__.__. 25 roselpectus.... aw 105 nudicaulis..____. 25 ruberrimus..................-. 107, 108 pleurocarpa._—. 25 solitudinis..107, 108, 109, 110, 111 subvestita.......... 25 THOdOPNUs se ee 106 coniocraea ceratodes 25 ruberrimus... ae 106 truncata..........-- 25 smithiae pt 106 cristatella._... 25 caschmirensis, Parus m: 62 beauvoisii_ 25 caucasicus, Aegolius funerea...... 81 vestita........ 25 caudata, Inezia subflava..______. 167, 168, 169 furcata.__._.... 25 caudatus, Peromyscus leucopus 157, 158 foliolosa._.. 25 cecrops, Strymon__............---..----- 180 pinnata..._. 25 cedricola, Certhia himalayana.. 65 racemosa......... 25 centralis, Carpodacus mexicanus 128 squamulifera._ 25 centralis, Thomomys bottae...... 160 turgida____.._.... z 25 centrifuga, Parmelia____________... 26 Orayie eo Ne 25 Cephalozia connivens.. a 21 squamulosa. he 25 cerasi, Arthopyrenia.....-.............. 24 rireay oz yea eS ROY 25 ceratodés, Cladonia coniocraea.. 25 macilenta styracella 25 Ceratostethus.. .. 141, 142 Taitnuls eee 25 bicornis............ 142 imbricatula. i 25 Cercomela, fusca.__. 66 pyxidata neglecta. mae) 25 ruinarum.___.......... 66 piedmontensis......-............-- 25 cerina, Cladonia pleurota.___.__.. 25 obconica! 2s was 25 Certhia familiaris._......._._....-.. 5 _ squamulosa.___.._.._.. 25 alticola oe es 6 pityres -2. Ee 25 guerrerensis........._...__. 5 pleurota decorata............... 25 familiaris jaliscensis.__.....__. 6 Gerina Nh WSO ae 25 himalayana cedricola__._...._. 65 subcariosa evoluta................ 25 prea ees tN a BG 65 emus eae ee es ela 25 taeniunas ee 65 Setigeral a ap ae 25 cervantesana, Ryssota carinata 50, 51 verticillata oo ee 25 cervina, Acarospora....-.----.--------- 25 phyllophora.................. 25 Ceryle rudis afghanistanica.. 79 Clark, Austin H. and Leila F. leucomelanura........ ok! 79 Butterflies from Virginia... 177 cetrata, Parmelia.__...........--.. 26 Clausen, C. P. Parasites of ceylonensis, Hypothymis azurea 68 insects and their economic chacoensis, Turdus rufiventris.. 84 TMP OT ban Ce eee ix Chaetodon aya._.........-..------------ 87 clavulifera, Cladonia.____......_._. 25 Chamberlin, Ralph V. A new clavus, Biatorella.___._... 25 arachnid of the Order Pedi- clementis, Carpodacus............... 106 j Oye oy Fs Rene ane eae eet Ne en 123 mexicanus!. en 109 Chincha: Phalacrocorax oliva- Clethrionomys gapperi_ ate 38 ee Ue se a ey Sl 9, 10 carolinensis... mel 87, 38 Ohcilanihes Seemanni..... 113 capper ey G 37, 38 Chelidorhynx hypoxantha noa.. 58 maurus...______.. 37, 38 cherrieri, Leiolopisma..._.. 191, 192, 193, 195 elypeata, Leucolejeunea.. 22 chersonesus, Chrysocolaptes coarctata, Lecidea._.........-...---..-- 24. guttacristatus.__.......---------------- 78 coccineus, Carpodacus mexi- Chibia hottentota-. we 70 CAMS Se eH a eee ahah te 128 HONE eee ee ey 70 Coccocarpia incisa.__..__.....-.--.---. 24. chihuahuae, Sitta pygmae.__..___. 5 Cololejeunea biddlecomiae.__.___. 22 chimango, Milvago chimango.... 83 comyntas, Hiveres.....--...-............ 180 Roly borus.. 2 ae 83 concolor, Dicaeum_..__........---.-..-. 121 Chloris bilkevitchi -... eee 74 Condylura cristata... 133 chloris smithae... 74 confusa, Xantholaema haema- turkestanica......_... nm 74 cephalate ey Ei rau DMN AUC RNAS 78 chlorophaea, Cladonia................ 25 conjunctus, Capito auratus... 135, 136 Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus conjugata, Metzgeria._.._..... 21 chersonesus.......-.- vid 78 connivens, Cephalozia.. i * 21 socialis.___. 78 conspersa, Parmelia.____._....._..... 26 ciliatum, Polypodium... 120 constrictus, Bethylus__..-.........._- 173, 174 Cinclus pallasit__.......... 65 convexus, Fhomomys bottae..159, 160, 161 kargasiensis... i 65 Cook, R. Contribution of gen- tenuirostris._.............. 65 etics to plant breeding..-_........ x cinereoargenteus, Urocyon cin- Cooper, J. M. Trapping meth- ereoargenteus...........-..--.--------- 134 ods of the Canadian woodland cinereus, Lasiurus... 134 IMG 1arip ee ee AS Parus major..............----.. 62 corallina, Sitta frontalis cinnamomeus, Pericrocotus.. 70 coronata, Anotheca.___.... i eirce, Sapphironia............... 59 Corythomantis. 0.2. oo Cladonia................. 23 costarlocnee, Polypodium Spru- apodocarpa... DASE Vie A Ycfer tie Sen! CENT eae ae ee 116 bacillaris_... 25 Couch L. K. Research into caespiticia... é 25 wildlife refuge administra- chlorophaea.........-.------------- 25 C0) oe at tt ae See ale xii 200 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. crabro, VeSpa...-----------n-qenen-nen-neeen 179 crinita, Parmelia..... sa, 26 cristata, Condylura. 133 cristatella, Cladonia._. 25 crypta, Tyto alba....... ay 80 Cryptotis parva._--------.------------- 134 erystallina, Riccia...............-.------- 21 Ctenophallus..........--..-----.---.------ 141 ctenophorus...-.--------------------- 144 hherre®. 205) be a ees 144 ctenophorus, Ctenophallus.__.._.. 144 Cynanthus.......-.------------2--------o---- 59 doubledayi..........------------------ 60 latirostris._—— . 58, 59, 60 latirostris... 7, 58, 59, 60 MAS LICUS Hele ee 57, 58, 60 propinquus.___..._..__.... 57, 58, 59, 60 D dalgleishi, Xenolepidichthys ...... 87 Damaliscus........----.-------- 90 phillipsi.........-...------------------- 90 PYZATSUS.......----------cen--------=- 89, 90, 91 davaoana, Ryssota maxima... 55 Davidson, F. A. Salvaging the Hie Columbia River Salmon__....... xiil decolorans, Parus major-_..-.....--- 62, 63 decorata, Cladonia pleurota.___- delicatulum, Polypodium............ 117 Delphinapterus leucas_..... vermontanus........---------------- dendricolum, Polypodium Dennis, E. A. The development of the sex color pattern in the common fence lizard__._._.___.._.- xii Dermatocarpon aquaticum 23 fulvofuscum...........---.----------- 23 FEV TNT a Ey TD een 23 deserticola, Otus bakkamoena.. 80 deveyrai, Lamarckiella........____. 42 Ryssota.......-- poe eee eee 49 diabolica, Erythrina rubicilla_... 75 Diaglena..........----- aeat Ki 191 diana, Argynnis...... . 178,179 Dicaeum concolot......-..-..------------ 121 concolor unicolor...........----- 121 DICH DOr ee eee eee 163 anomala.........-.---- ee 163 Didelphis virginiana virginiana.. 132 discolor, Polypodium.................. 117 dispersa, Arthonia. 24 Distichlis stricta__-...-..--.--...--------- 161 divergens, Thomomys bottae.... 153 domestica, Felis........----------------- 133 dorsalis, Jacana spinosa 185, 186 doubledayi, Cynanthus 60 Dryocopus flavigaster.—_- 15 dukesi, Atrytone..........---. 183 dunckeri, Phallostethus__...___.-- 142 Dunn, E. R. A New Pit Viper from Costa Rica......----..---------- 165 Durrant, Stephen D. Two new gophers (Mammalian genus Thomomys) from Western LOI ae rere 159 E eblis, Erythrina rubicilla....... 74. eboracensis, Frullania.__........-.-- 22 eburneirostris, Xiphorhynchus He VAP AS CT ee ees cnrcaee 15 egregia, Zosterops palpebrosa.... Tee Eleutherodactylus alfredi._......... 190 spatulatus.__.........--..---.------ 187, 189, 195 Oly travis ec uaa seals ans aCe macrophylla........_................- enigmaticus, Pterocles orientalis IEMNTELOS Oa) eee esas een spongiosa enterosoroides, Polypodium...... Eptesicus fuscus fuscus....-.... i aale eremus, Peromyscus manicula- erythrophthalmus, Pipilo............ estanciae, Thomomys bottae._... estriata, Lonchura striata_......... ethlius, Calpodes.....................---- Euchloe olympia... TOSa.......-.. Eugenes fulgens..._..... aureoviridis. Will dUCe pS ee IRS euphonia, Muscicapa strophiata Everes comyntas........-..---.---------- evoluta, Cladonia subcariosa._... Evotomys fuscodorsalis....._........ eximius, Gulaphallus.___._....___.... falcifer, Acanthostethus............. familiaris, Certhia.............._..-- farahensis, Molpastes leucotis...- farinosum, Polypodium.............. fasciata, Pilea... Faweettii, Enterosora Polypodium...... Felis domestica................. feraghensis, Parus major. ne firmum, Polypodium__...__.......... flavescens, Melanocorypha max- a OF, Vee eae EAA TU Se A 122 flavigaster, Dryocopus.. ws 15 Xiphorhynehus......_..... as 15 flavinucha, Sitta pygmaea.. 5 fluitans, Riccia.__............-..... wa 21 foliolosa, Cladonia furcata.......... 25 fontinalis, Sorex._............ ioe 133 f6rsteri, Laelius._._._........--..-------- 173 frenata, Leptodeira...._..............-.- 192, 195 frenatum, Sibon___... Aa 19: Fringilla frontalis._._.............---.... 105, 106 frontalis, Carpodacus.................- 129 frontaligts saree 106 . Mexicanus..105, 107, 108, 109, 111 Bringdlla eee 105, 106 Sittas 2a ee eS 63 Frullania asa-grayana..._...........-- 22 brittoniag 2s ee aed 22 eboracensis 22 inflata..... 22 squarrosa... 22 fulgens, Eugenes..............---.-.------ 7 ‘Rrochilys seen serene Ul fulicata, Saxicoloides._................- 66 fulva, Sialia sialis.................... 127 Mulpesitulya 132 fulvescens, Reithrodontomys.... 147, 149 fulvofuscum, Dermatocarpon.._. 2 fumipennis, Laelius.._................... 173, 174 furcata, Cladomia.-_.__________--. furcativenosa, Polypodium Sprucels ee aes ae ee 116 fuscodorsalis, Evotomys............-. 38 Index. fuscorubella, Bacidia.___............. 24 fusca, Cercomela a 66 fuscus, Eptesicus fuscus.............. 132 G Galeotti Ue 118 Galerida malabarica... a 76 propinqua......... 76 gapperi, cent all ay 38 aC SL ELI 37, 38 Gardings: Ee i nner in Bolo- land: bird exploring trips in ; Philippine Islands...........-..-..-.. 1x Gastrotheca..............-.. xa 190 genutia, Anthocharis. 181 gilmanii, Aplopappus._....... i 97 Glaucomys volans volans 133 Glaucopsyche lygdamus... 177, 178, ae Globicephala baereckeii... Goldman, . Two new pocket gophers from Lower GWalifonmta see Win Baas ee 29 A new pocket mouse of the genus Perognathus from INeviaid spe setae lee Tele ee 33 and Jackson, H. H. T. Natural History of Plummers Island, Maryland.._.-............... 131 Goniophlebium........-._.......-...... A 120 grinnelli, Carpodacus mexi- (GEA EVES ee Ea ea ee 109, 110, 111 griseus, Reithrodontomys mon- GATES UNL we De Relea dl a 150 gracilis, Peromyscus manicu- LER ir re a ON A ee ee 2 102, 103 gramineum, Polypodium........00 115, 116 Giratina 115, 116 granulosa, Ryssota lamarckiana 53 Graphis seripta.....-.-.------------------- 24 grayl, Cladomnia........-----.-----------2. 25 Green, E. L. The development of aquatic life in the A & O. iy (Of r EMES SeE e eser ee en xii guerrerensis, Certhia familiaris ~ 5 Lepidocolaptes souleyetii_. 16 guimarasensis, Ryssota lam- encima eel wee Bere WL 53 Gulaphallus eximius. 142 mirabilis._............ .. 142, 144 Gullaphallus.—..__----.---------------.------ 140, 142 gurgaoni, Caprimulgus asiaticus 80 gutturalis, Hirundo...................- 75 guzarata, Orthotomus sutorius.. 71 H Hachisuka, Manatiess (See also van Rossem and Hachisuka). 9,13 halicoetes, Sorex vagrans.......... 94 Harpactes fasciatus legerli.______. 79 malabaricus..._-............- 80 Harper, Frances. The Name of the Blesbols.- ot 89 hawaiiensis, Leiolepisma............ 1 helveticum, Nephroma._.______.. 24 hepatica, Lamarckiella.__......_... 42 TERY SSO bars eee ee 44 Hemiphractus......-.-------------.-------- 191 Hemipus picatus....--..-...--.----------- 69 insulae.___..............-...---- 69 Herre, Albert W. C. T. The Genera of Phallostethidae.... 139 herre, Acanthostethus.__............ 141, 142 Ctenophallus2 a 141, 144 Herzogii, Polypodium.. : 119, 120 Hesperiphona abeillii ui 145 SPOUT eee ee 145, 146 heterophylla, Lophocolea... 21 heterotrichum, Polypodium... AT, 118, 119 Hirundo gutturalis.__ 75 afghanica 75 hodgsoni, Anthus..._..... 75 horizontalis, Peltigera. 24 hottentota, Chibia.__._. 70 humeralis, Nycticeius............._.... 132 Humphrey, H. B. Note on the exhibition of intelligence by eray, squirrels). 0005 iis: Xili Wheat and its major biological enemies... humulis, Reithrodontomys......147, 148, 149 Hyla....... Seat Meee REIS EE 191 Hylocharis lazula._ 4 59 goutey na (ofr Oe 59 Hypocolius ampelinus. 64 orientalis._.... 64 hypophlaeas, Lycaena phlaeas.. 180 Hypothymis azurea ceylonensis 68 Similis__-..... 2. 68 sykesi__. u 68 styani...... a 68 IL Tache magicus......-2..------se-0-------- 60 icterica, Tole... 64, 65 iliensis, Parus major 62 imbricatula, Cladonia mitrula._ 25 imitabilis, Thomomys bottae.__- 30, 31 impexa, Cladonia._.......- incisa, Coccocarpia..- iy Incisalia polios........--.... 178, 180 incomptus, Thomomys bottae.. 29, 30, 31 indica, Xantholaema.__...........___- 78 indicus, Burhinus cedicnemus.... 82 Lobivanellus.__........ i 82 induens, Polypodium... 119 Inezia subflava.______ 167 caudata._.._.. 167, 168, 169 intermedia.................... 167, 169 obseura.._._....--..-.-. 168, 169 subflava.... ..-167, 168, 169 inflata, Frullania 2 22 inflatula, Ryssota oweniana.___. 52 inopinatus, Anthus___.__..-... 75 inornata, Pyrrhula.._......... 106 insignis, Lepidocolaptes soule- PVG Geer ahaa al A a 16 insulae, Hemipus picatus... 69 intensior, Tole icterica._.__.__...... 64, 65 intermedia, Inezia subflava........ 167, 169 Rhea americana... 137 Saxicoloides .....- 66 ues eer bale Lev e Rely 67 Toleieterica = ieee A 64, 65 intensior.____..........--..-...- 64, 65 iredalei, Pericrocotus.................. ‘ 69, 70 Tridoprocne albilinea.____.......-.._. 155 albilinea...._.... 155, 156 rhizophorae .__. 155, 156 isabellina, Oenanthe..................- J Jacana spinosa dorsalis 185, 186 PACHA ce 185 jacana, Jacana sponosa 185 Jackson, C. F. A new subspec- cies of Peromyscus from the North Shore of the Gulf of St. lawrence: ae 101 202° Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. jaliscensis, Certhia familiaris.__.. jamesonioides, Polypodium javanica, Tyto alba.__...____...._ jerdoni, Machlolophus xantho- Jotter, Lois. A botanical trip down the Colorado River from Greenriver, Utah, through the Grand Canyon to Boulder City, Nevada, IANERISE LOSS ee POs Ree Realy juensis, Turdus rufiventris._....... jungermannoides, Polypodium.. juniperi, Aegolius funerea........ K kail, Phylloscopus_ occipitalis._.. kangrae, Motacilla maderas- patensis oes hee 2s kargasi, Oenanthe isabellina kargasiensis, Cinclus pallasii_..__- kashmirica, Melanocorypha FEAVASKN TT chee ea ead LEI ee ope Kellogg, Remington. A new red-backed mouse from Kentucky and Virginia._________ Killip, E. P. (See also Leonard ELTNGH OBESGHLL Tp) eee sesenere te eae Two new species of Pilea from Mexico and Pana- Knox, C. W. Man’s modifica- tion of the wild jungle fowL- kobdensis, Erythrina._-.....-__.. Koelz, Walter. New birds from Asia, chiefly from India... Three new subspecies koslovae, Pterocles orientalis.__. iaimdoos Oriolusmee eee eee aclise es eee see ee es forsteri__... fumipennis_ ee MIGTUPULOSUS se ee eee ee occidentalis... voracis.___ laeta, Erora......--- laevis, Anthoceros..........-.. lamarckiana, Lamarckiella. Rhysotat ese ua IRVSsota =e lamarckiana... Lamarckiella.___.._....... balerana._.. bulla__. carinata... lamarckiana. negrosensis..- nigrescens... oweniana.... piraaeer 6 118, 119 80 63 67 see ite 173 178, 180 lankae, Lobivanellus indicus...... 82 lankesteri, Neostethus___..--_..._.. 143 lanuginosum, Amphiloma... 26 Lasionycteris noctivagans... 132 Lasiurus borealis borealis. 132 Ginereus tee eee 2 134 latevagans, Polypodium_.__.______. 120 latirostris, Cynanthus_—......._-... 58, 59, 60 latirostris___.___. .57, 58, 59, 60 lazula, Hylocharis.................---..- 59 lazulus, Trochilus___......_...--.... 59 Lecanora muralis saxicola._.._..... 26 subfusea campestris____.. wee 26 Varia into WA een uae 26 Lecidea albocaerulescens...._....._ 24 coarctata.__.___..._---... 24 leucophaea. : 24 leucophaeoides...........------..--- 24 lecideella, Arthomnia..._.......--__... 24. legaspii, Ryssota lamarckiana__. 53, 54 legerli, Harpactes fasciatus__.____. 7 leibii, Myotis subulatus_._._._._. Leiolepisma hawaiiensis... Leiolopisma assatum__..... assatum —__.. leioplaca, Pertusaria._..____._.. lempiji, Otus bakkamoena.___.._. Leonard, EK. C. Two new tropi- cal American species of Acan- Ela CeAe! ert ase ee A new species of Diclip- tera from Mexico................... —and M. E. Pierce. Natural History of Plum- mer’s Island, Maryland. (@Hepaticae) ee eee and EK. P. Killip. Natural History of Plummer’s Island, Maryland. (Lichens)_. lepantoana, Ryssota carinata_. Lepidocolaptes souleyetii guer- TNSI GNIS ees ae lepidophora, Cladonia chloro- phaeae. 20. ple ee ele et A heptodeirass- 222 eee frenaital 2 cu eabrergees Leptogium pulchellum_____.._____.. tremelloides azureum..-.__.... leucas, Delphinapterus.__....__..... Leucocirea albicollis canescens... Leucolejeunea clypeata.—__......- leucomelanura, Ceryle rudis...... leucophaea, Lecidea..._..-....._....- leucophaeoides, Lecidea... leucopus, Peromyscus... leucosticta, Pannaria___. aks leucotis, Molpaste___...__..-...-_...- leucurus, Tephrodornis......__...... lichia, Seymnorhinus_____..-_-.._. limes, Certhia himalayana_.______. lithotodes, Physcia.............. bbs Lobivanellus indicus.__.....----- Lomaphlebia_.._........... Lonchura acuticauda. estriata!. Suet ans londae, Chibia hottentota___.._... Orthotomus sutorius...........- longirostra, Arachnothera...._..... longirostris, Sorex longirostris.... Lophocolea heterophylla. _._-_._... loquax, Sciurus hudsonicus....... lotor, Procyon lotor......-.-...----.--- Loveridge, Arthur. A New Skink (Leiolepisma hawaiien- sis) from Honolulu._____...._...__. lucifugus, Myotis lucifugus lucilius, Erynnis.__...__.._-..-_-__- lucknowensis, Saxicoloides fuli- Lycaena phlaeas hypophlaeas_. Lycaenopsis argiolus pseudar- BLOlUS Meee ehh Ee eh M Machlolophus xanthogenys Fey 0 Cava, FS) eee ee aYerde (panies Bea kee travancoreensis...........- xanthonotus..._......... macintyrei, Capito auratus.______. macrodon, Ondatra zibethica.... macrophylla, Elytraria.__._.______._. maderaspatensis, Motacilla magdalenae, Thomomys a magica, Hylocharis.._._........._..... magicus, Cynanthus latirostris.. aTisaiee Fe ee ee e Le magna, Aegolius funerea...._....... mahendrae, Prinia sylvatica... mahrattarum, Parus major........ malabarica, Galerida._.........._... malabaricus, Harpactes fasci- m-album, Strymon. UENO ura ra mallurus, Sylvilagus floridanus.. Index. 1 132 182 66, 67 132 180 180 maniculatus, Peromyscus.......- 101, 102, ie 1 maniculatus.._._......-.. marginellum, Polypodium._______. Marmota monax monax............ maurus, Clethrionomys gapperi mayri, Burhinus cedicnemus...... maxima, Pararyssota.......... Ryssota...........-.--- Maxon, Wm. R. Fern Miscel- lany V. megregori, Carpodacus..... al Ryssota Negrosensis............ mearnsi, Ryssota maxima._._...__. megalotis, Reithrodontomys... megalotis._.......------..-- megarhynchus, Xiphorhynchus Aavigaster.- megolatis, Reithrodontomys...... meinertzhageni, Parus major... Melanocorypha maxima flaves- Cardonae. Sprucel E Mephitis mephitis nigra... mesopotamia, Molpastes leuco- Metzgeria conjugata..._...........--- mexicana, Ara militaris.......____.. Sitta carolinensis.__............... Vermivora superciliosa. mexicanus, Carbo_.._-..........-....---- Carpodacus. 2. mexicanus.............. Phalacrocorax olivaceus...... Sitta carolinensis.................- 116 133 37, 38 8 147, 148, 149 150 BY B'(63 0 <1 0) <>. hoyi winnemana................- Microtus pennsylvanicus penn- Bylvanicuse ess ea millefolium, Achillea... Milvago chimango azarae chimango..............- ous miniatum, Dermatocarpon........ minimus, Thomomys bottae.. mink, Mustela vison -................. minor, Caprimulgus asiaticus.... Mirafra cantillans._...._.__.-.-..-... bangsi_..._.____. t mirabilis, Gulaphallus. Mirophallus............... bikolanus....... ihe mitrula, Cladonia.... tall modesta, Caloplaca.................-.. modicus, Thomomys bottae....151, 152, 153 mollendorffi, Ryssota nigrescens Molpastes leucotis. farahensis..__. monoceras, Monodon ibe Monodon monoceras............-.----- montanus, Reithrodontomys...... 43, 44 147, 148, 149, 150 Moore, Robert T. A New Race of Cynanthus latirostris from Guanajuato.......--- eee New races of the genera Sialia and Carpodacus from Wie xd COL Ca — Two new races of Car- podacus mexicanus.......__. mopsus, Strymon titus_........ wis mororum, Ryssota maxima........ Motacilla maderaspatensis._....... ki Muesebeck, C. F. W. The North American species of the genus Laelius Ashmead (Hymenopteros Bethylidae).. multiflora, Pilea... munda, Saxicoloides.... Muscicapa strophiata. musculus, Mus musculus............ Mus musculus musculus..._.._..._.. Mustela frenata noveboracensis vision mink o_o Myers, George S. A New Ows- toniid Fish from deep water off the Philippines... Myotis keeni septentrionalis...._. lucifugus lucifugus. ai subulatus leibii_..... bg winnemana.........--------------- natans, Ricciocarpus...............-.-- neglecta, Cladonia pyxidata.__. neglectus, Sciurus niger._...._......- negrosensis, Lamarckiella.__._..... Ryssota.........-.------------- negrosensis......_... nelsoni, Sitta carolinensis. Neostethus...............--...---- amaricola. borneensis... lankesteri. siamensis.............-..--- Neotoma pennsylvanica. Nephroma helveticum...... nesophilus, Thomomys bo 57 160, 162 204° Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Nichols, J. T., and F. Ex Firth. Rare Fishes off the Atlantic Coast including a new Gram- MIcOlepids a ee 85 nigra, Mephitis mephitis.____..__.. 132 nigrescens, Lamarckiella............ 42 Ryssota. ee ee 43 nigrescens... = 43, 44 nigripilosus, Laelius.................... 173 nilgiriensis, Zosterops palpe- brosa ee ae ee 77 nipalensis, Parus major... : 61, 62 Taventetsi, Weary nud be ee 24 noa, Chelidorhynx hypoxantha.. 68 nobilis, Rhea americana... tke 138 noctivagans, Lasionycteris. 132 noctua, Leiolopisma..._.....__..... 1 noveboracensis, Mustela frenata 132 Peromyscus leucopus.......... 133, 157 norvegicus, Rattus.:........-....--... 134 nudicaulis, Cladonia clavulifera.. 25 nummifer, Trimeresurus.__......... 165 Dummifer eee 165 Nycticeius humeralis........ 132 INGy.e bin tig eee eee 191 Nymphidia pumila....................- 178, 179 O Sheonies, Cladonia piedmont- ONS Ip ob lie Bis ea ee te 25 pHernoler Sitta carolinensis... 3,4 obscura, Inezia subflava._........... 168, 169 Pn ysela ee ana 26 obscurus, Pipistrellus subflavus.. 134 occidentalis, Laelius..........__.._.. 172, 174, 175 occidentis, Zosterops.............----.- 76 occipitalis, Phylloscopus.__........ Tks 73 Thomomys bottae.............-.- 151, 152 Ochrolechia pallescens............... 26 Oedipus rufescens..-_--...........-...... 187 Oehser, P. H. Notice of a new biography of Thoreau._.._..___.. xi Oenanthe isabellina. 66 Kar gaspeuiie: ss ie 66 olympia, Huchloe...............-.--.- 177, 178, rl Ondatra zibethica macrodon...... O’Neill, H. Central America through a moving picture Camerac 2 ee x Opegrapha varia.. 24. vulgata._........ 3 24 oreina, Rinodina 26 orientalis, Hypocolius ampe- ra Ys ipo) eons eee ee ne ee 64 iPterocles 22 eee 81, 32 Oriolus kundoo......-.---.....-...-----.- oriolus baltistanicus_.....__.... 72, 73 turkestanmicus....................... 73 ornatus, SoreX....-...------------.-0----+-- 93 ona 95 Orthotomus sutorius.................... 70, 71 muzurata.o- ee Fondae cei 70, 71 ruficapille.. Sets 71 sindiana... 71 sutorius.................. 70 Otis bakkamoena deserticola... 80 lempiy Eee eee ae! 80 plumipess eee 80 stewartiL.___..............--.. 80 brucei? ee 80 oweniana, Lamarckiella...._....... 42 IR-VssOtass ee ea 51, 52 oweniana. .................-- 52 P pagodarum, Temenuchus........... palawanensis, Plectrostethus..____ pallasii, Cinclus.__.............. Oe: pallescens, Ochrolechia. palliata, Vermivora superciliosa pallida, Hesperiphona abeillii. pallidus, Pericrocotus.........___.. palniensis, Prinia sylvatica_....... Zosterops palpebrosa.......... paludivagus, Sorex vagrans...... palustris; Zizania = pamirensis, Syrrhaptes tibe- Pannaria leucosticta... panoquin, Panoquina. Papilio polyxenes asterius.......... Paranyssotas sae ety! maxima... ae quadrasi een ate caperata... centrifuga cetrata.__.. conspersa... perforata... pay perlata__... quercina... rudecta....-... Sulphunata ss Parus major bokharensis.. caschmirensis...... decolorans___ feraghensis___ iliensis__............ meinertzhageni__ ae nipalensis._...._......-....... mahrattarum... ziartensis. iat parva, Cryptotis.._.......... pectinifer, Sphenanthias Peltigera canina._......._... a horizontalis.__. ee rufescens...... ean sorediata..................-... Es penicillatus, Perognathus..._........ penicillatus..__..... a pennsylvanica, Neotoma...._....... pennsylvanicus, Microtus penn- SYIVanicusms sous eee pentaphylla, Tabebuia..__.. eae percrassum, Polypodium.. Be perforata, Parmelia...__._.._. pergriseus, Tockus birostris. Pericrocotus cinnamomeus........ sidhoutensis_________.. Pericrocotus iredalei___. malabaricus..... penicillatus.. angustir if ne penicillatus._.. Ne seorsus...._. stephens 157, 158 Index. Peromyscus maniculatus......... 101, 102, 104 abietorum.................... 103 anticostiensis.. 108 argentatus.__... 103 eremus._....... 103 gracilis._...._..... 102, 103 maniculatus... aie 103 plumbeus.....__.. 101, 103, ae pertusa, Pertusaria.... Ney Pertusaria leioplaca._ ba 36 j O59 aD NSE Yah ya eat er a 26 Phalacrocorax olivaceous chan- Col CES LE aN ae re ee ee ee 9,10 mexicanus. 2 9, 10 Phallostethus........... ... 140, 142 dunckeri..... ated 142 Phenacostethus. . 140, 142 Evatt sve eee ant 142 phillipsi, Damaliscus................... 90 eae Cladonia verticil- Be 71, 72 71, 72 26 26 26 26 26 26 ape Trimeresurus nummifer 165 picatus, Hemipus._.....__...._..._.. 69 piedmontensis, Cladonia.._.._...... 25 Pierce, M. E. (See also Leonard and Pierce).............----------- Be 21 Pieris rapae.... 181 virginiensis. 4 Ohih. 178, 181 pilatka, Atrytone.__ Ree 178, 183 Pilea wae ie a 27 anomala.. ae 28 botterii -..... et 2 fasciata woe 28 mexicana, a 28 multiflora... ee 28 rugosissima. ay 28 piloselloides, Polypodium...- Se 120 pilosissimum, Polypodium.....na 118, 119 pinicolus, Vireo solitarius._......... 11, 12 pinnata, Cladonia furcata.......... 25 Rorellac 2S sy 22 Pipilo alleni....... 121, 122 rileyi_.......-....-- 121, 122 erythrophthalmus.. i 122 canaster: 0 ee 122 Pipistrellus subflavus obscurus.. 134 subflavus._.......22......-- 132 Piprisoma agile._..... 77 saturatior_. 77 vireoides 77 Pitta brachyura. 77 Dalehiras eee al 77 Pitymys pinetorum scalopso- 1a bee ets tp ae ae ee 133 Pityrea, Cladonia...... a 25 Platyphylla, Porella... 22 Plectrostethus...........- ... 141, 144 palawanensis.....................--- 144 pleurocarpa, Cladonia clavuli- Tighe ape EC a Ea heya 25 pleurota, Cladonia.__................. 25 plumbeus, Peromyscus manicu- 1 EH Sy CO UL Res ee eo 101, 103, 104 Vireo solitarius._................- iia 12 plumipes, Otus bakkamoena...... 80 Poanes @arODi_......-...-0.---nenennneene- 182 viator._....... om 182 polios, Incisali............ : 178, 180 Polyborus chimango.. Polypodium................. cs anfractuosuM..............--.------ Polypodium apiculatum ........... 118 aromaticum............... exo eel sea fae) ciliatum___...__. 120 delicatulum___. 117 dendricolum..... 116, 117 discolor............. 117 enterosoroides.. 115 farinosum........ 117 Faweetti..... 116, 117 firmum.......... 118, 119 gramineum 115, 116 Herzogii.____.. 119, 120 heterotrichum.. 117, 118 induens............. 119 jamesonioides..._.._.. 118, 119 jungermannioides... 116, 117 latevagans.___....__... 120 marginellum.. 116 percrassum........ 115 piloselloides...... ead 120 pilosissimum..... -- 118, 119 pruinatum.__. 117 pruinosum_......2- 117 Sprucei costaricense..._. age) 116 furcativenosa................ 116 tectum ee a 120 trichomanoides.__. 118 turquinum_...._.... eh 115, 116 yarumalense.............--..-..--- 116, 117 pondiceriana, Tephrodornis........ 69 Porella pinnata.__........... 29 platyphylla._.. 22 potosinus, Carpodacus mexi- CANUS 2 os A ee 128 Presnall, C. C. Notice of a ser- ies of photographs of Olym- pic National Park... xi Preston, J. Farm forestry as practiced under the Soil con- servation program.................... ix Prinia sylvatica................ 72 sylvatica mahendrae. 72 palniensis_.....____. Ne 72 Procyon lotor lotor........._...... 132 propinqua, Galerida malabarica 76 propinquus, Cynanthus latiros- aes Ra RENT YI IRAN SES 57, 58, 59, 60 pruinatum, Polypodium... 117 pruinosum, Polypodium_.. uz Prunella jerdoni_.......... Nae 67 strophiatus sirotensis___...__.. 67 pseudargiolus, Lycaenopsis ar- IOVS a Lea 180 Pternohyla____........... ous 191 Pterocles orientalis... 81, 82 aNngsi...._.... s 81 enigmaticus.. 82 koslovae.. 82 ptymatura, Saxicoloides._ 66 pulchellum, Leptogium __. 24 pulchra, Pitta brachyura.. ee 77 pumila, Nymphidia._.._.... 178, 179 punctatus, Capito auratus.........00 135,136 Pry par maeeien eee) le We 89 pygarga, Antilope... sd 89 pygargus, Antilope. 89, 90 Damaliscus -..... 89, 90, 91 pygmaea, Sitta.__. ee 5 Pyrenula nitida............. 24 Pyrgus centaureae wyandot.... 182 Pyrrhula inornata..............-..-.---- 106 Q quadrasi, Pararyssota................-- 54 Riyssotavie (2 oo. Hes 55 quercina, Parmelia._......_.......... 26 quinqueseptata, Arthopyrenia.. 24 206- R, racemosa, Cladonia furcata.___._. 25 radiata, Arthonia._........_....._-___- 24 Tapaewmiers. 4 ws ee 181 Rattus norvegicus.._.........-.....-.. 134 Reithrodontomys._—......--.--..--_- 147 burti__..___....__.. 147, 148, 149, 150 fulvescens.......--..----22------------ 147, 149 Cans. sansa 149 humulis.___. 147, 148, 149 megalotis._.....-- ..147, 148, 149 Meal Otise ae 150 merolatis = wee 148 montanus.___. 147, 148, 149, 150 OTISCUSH es 150 relictus, Sorex ornatus..-_.....-....- 95 remota, Zosterops palpebrosa.... 76 repetens, Vireo solitarius... 11, 12 resinosus, Aplopappus...__ £3 98 Reyniers, J. A. Germ-fre oratory animals... x Rhea albescens —__. ee 138 americana... 137 albescens.... 138 americana... 137 araneipes.___. 138 intermedia. 137 nobilis...._...... avi 138 ines rothsehildies se 138 Rhinocrypta lanceolata lanceo- CH fe eel rN UO ate 83, 84 saturata.__._.._... is 83, 84 Rhizocarpon albineum.___..______. 24 ehizophorae, Tridoprocne albilin- eM RAEN SO EN ia ae 155, 156 Sedo ahaa! Carpodacus mexi- CRIS ee eee Ed SE 129 rhodopnus, Carpodacus: 106 Rhysota lamarckiana... 3 42 Riccia crystallina.____. 21 Aluibans sees ‘ 21 sullivantii_____.__. 7 21 Ricciocarpus natans_______..--.-... 21 richardsoni, Aegolius funerea... 81 Richmond, R. G. Economic aspects of large scale insect- control programs..___.......-...-..... xii rileyi, Pipilo alleni___ 121, 122 Rinodina ascociscana.. de 26 biatoriman.o EN 26 oreina.__...- 26 sophodes..__.......-..-.. sfes 26 rosa, Euchloe olympia...._.......... 178, 181 roseipectus, Carpodacus mexi- Canis s ee eae 105 rothschildi, Rhea... 138 rubella, Bacidia.............. 24. ruberrimus, Carpodacus a 106 mexicanus..... 107, 108 rubicilla, Erythrina.. Oey 75 rudecta, Parmelia.... re 26 rufescens, Oedipus... Jes 187 Peltimer ae aie an enue 24 ruficapilla, Orthotomus sutorius 71 TUuApess lachuss ss ee 173 rufiventris, Turdus rufiventris... 84 Tugosissima, (Pileaecetwn eyes ie 28 ruinarum, Cercomela fusca.......- 66 rupchandi, Saxicola caprata.___- 65 rupestris, Synechoblastus._.___.__. 24 russeolus, Thomomys bottae...... 29, 30 MUSE CAM ELE IG Oe eae ae 75 Ryssota............---- a 41, 54 balerana 42 bulla... 2 45, 46 bulla... 46 salcedoi_ Bia 46 steerel... POS DU ak OUP eH SAGES 46 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Ryssota carinata.—..............--- benguetana._ our carinata._......... ut cervantesana... lepantoana..__ deveyrai__....... hepatica.__..._... lamarckiana.____. granulosa..........--...---.* Ryssota lamarckiana lamarcki- Eh a: Wie Men Sa ee BS eT legaspii__.___.__. guimarasensis.__. ee sibuyanensis.____. aes ticaoensis......... davaoana. Le maxima... mearnsi__ mororum. negrosensis.____. megregori.___ negrosensis._ nigrescens._........_... balacbacana.. m6llendorfii_. salarinus, Sorex ornatus salcedoi, Ryssota bulla... salicornicus, Sorex ornatus___..... salimalii, Zosterops palpebrosa.. Sapphironia circe.___.......--.-.-------- Sasscer, EH. R. Foreign plant quarantine enforcement.._._.___. saturata, Hesperiphona abeillii_. Rhinocrypta lanceolata... saturatior, Piprisoma agile_____. Saxicola caprata._....-.---....--- 3: rupchandi_.__________. saxicola, Lecanora muralis. Saxicoloides cambaiensis_.. lucknowensis. stuartbakeri__. ptymatura..... Saylor, L. W. Note on mosquito contol without harm to wild mee WPS OE TNA. oe NY Scalopus aquaticus aquaticus... schweinitzii, Bacidia_.._____...__._- Sciurus carolinensis carolinensis hudsonicus loquax_. na niger neglectus._..... scripta, Graphis. i Scymmorhinus lichia -__.............- Seemanni, Adiantopsis...............- Cheilanthes._........... 2 semperi, Lamarckiella. X Ry Sso tars ie Rie eed seorsus, Perognathus penicil- septentrionalis, Aegithina penis Myotis keeni............ setigera, Cladonia tenuis severtzovi, Erythrina......_.. sheffleri, Ara militaris.. Sree es a mexicana.__... amabile.._. australis. bairdi.. Blalignes Sea ee eo PDS Kies Tala a NE ce Index. CoS EN ae eee area 80 Neostethus.... 143 sibogoe, Sphenanthia ‘ a 19, 20 Sibon frenatum..................--.--... 194 sibuyanensis, Ryssota lamarcki- EEN] a WB ENO eb ae ers ee a eee 53, 54 sidhoutensis, Pericrocotus cin- MAMOMECUS Hs ee Te 69, 70 similis, Hypothymis azurea 68 auniples Biatorella._._............ 25 Cladonia chlorophaea......... 25 Sitta frontalis._.............-..- 63 sindiana, Orthotomus sutorius.. 71 sinuosus, Sorex_...........---.---------- 95 sirotensis, Prunella strophiatus.. 67 Sitta carolinensis... ae 3,4 aculeata:_. Ase 4 kinneari___.. 2 3,4 mexicana, _.. 3,4 mexicanus. 4 nelsoni_....... 4 oberholseri 3, 4 umbrosa..... 4,5 frontalis.__..__._. 63 simplex 63 pygmaea............. a 5 chihuahuae. a 5 flavinucha..__........._...... 5 Smith, A. V. Exhibition of specimens of Buxbaumia sip bylaws ae eel Re x Smith, Hobart M. Mexican Herpetological Novelties_....... 187 Smith, Ronald W. A new geo- graphic race of Peromyscus leucopus from Nova Scotia.... 157 smithae, Chloris chloris._............ 74 smithi, Carpodacus......... at 106 frontalis.___.. 106 Phenacostethus.... a? 142 Ryssota oweniana............... 52 socialis, Chrysocolaptes Bette Cristatus sync) aes 78 solarius, Sorex ornatu 94 Solenophallus.._............. 140, 142 thessa........ a 142 solitarius, Vireo................------------ 11 solitudinis, Carpodacus mexi- CANIS Vee Ce a 107, 108, 109, 110, 111 sophodes, Rinodina..____............... 26 sorediata, Peltigera... _ 24 SOrex sr 95, 96 fOntiNais Ue 133 longirostris longirostris. 134 ornatus 93 95 95 95 & 94 salicornicus.........-...-.----- 95 Sorex sinuosus -_.....-----.--..0------ 95 Vagrans...__......... u 93 halicoetes...............--.---- 94 paludivagus...__............. 93, 94 Valeramse) ieee 94 spatulatus, Eleutherodactylus._. 187, 189, eee speciosa, Anaptychia.................. 6 spectabile, Arthothelium............ 24 Sphenanthias pectinifer____.______._. 19, 20 SIDOGR.....---------nnnanenn- 19, 20 teiosoma._.............. 20 spongiosa, Enterosora._ - 118,114 Sprucei, Mendoncia..._.. 18 spuria, Buellia.......:...0000040000 220. 26 squamulifera, Cladonia furcata.. 25 squamulosa, Cladonia grayi._....- 25 piedmontensis 25 squarrosa, Frullania._.._.. c 22 steerei, Ryssota bulla... 46 stellaris, Physcia........... 26 stephensi, Perognathus penicil- Peyton Ca AE ae a 34 stertens, Tyto alba... 80 Stevenson, F. J. Breeding for disease resistance in plants... xi Stewart, G. R. Primitive con- servation practices among the Southwestern Indians.............. xii stewarti, Otus bakkamoena........ 80 Streptopelia orientalis agricola.. 81 sylvicola.._...-.....2202222. 81 striata, Lonchura.__.._._... 73 striatus, Tamias striatus. 133 stricta, Distichlis......__... 161 strophiata, Muscicapa__ b 68 Struthio americanus..... Me 137 Strymon cecrops........ i 180 m-album....__.. i 180 titus mopsus. 180 watsoni_. ibe 180 bi Gus) eo BAe a ee a 178, 180 stuacthakenl Saxicoloides fuli- Gata: ween Be ee Panera ren 67 stupae, Parus major 4 61, 62 styani, Hypothymis azurea........ 68 styracella, Cladonia macilenta.. 25 subflava, Inezia_.__.............-.....--- 167 subflava.._. 167, 168, 160 subflavus, Pipistrellus ubflavus 132 subglobosa, Ryssota zeus........... 48, 49 subgrisea, Melanocorypha max- Sina ADS 8 Set MSE Ae i 122 subvestita, Cladonia clavuli- Perea le Us 25 sullivantii, Riccia.___. ue 21 sulphurata, Parmelia 26 superciliosa, Vermivora 12 superciliosa........ 12 sutorius, Orthotomus... be 70, 71 SULOTIUB LS eee) Sutton, George Miksch and Thomas D. Burleigh. A New Abeille’s Grosbeak from Tam- SULT paG: Seo an sau 145 sykesi, Hypothymis azurea........ 65 sylvatica, Prinia.__...................-.- 72 sylvicola, Streptopelia orientalis 81 Sylvilagus floridanus mallurus.. 133 Synechoblastus rupestris............ 24 Symaca, urcdusse) fe 67 Syrrhaptes tibetanus pamirensis 82 T Tabebuia pentaphylla.__............ 164 taeniura, Certhia himalayana.... 65 Tamias striatus striatus...........-.- 133 208. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. tarsale, Trogoderma.........-...------ 175 tecum, Polypodium_____.1___......_.- 120 tehminae, Brachypternus........__- 18 Temenuchus pagodarum...._...... 73 afghanorum._.._.__.__...... 73 tenella, Asterella____.___...-_._._... 21 tengmalmi, Aegolius funerea..__.. 81 tenuirostris, Cinclus pallasii____. 65 tenuis, Cladonia___.._...-..----------- 25 Tephrodornis affinis.............-.-..- 69 leucurus._....... 69 69 abies 69 teretiuscula, Physcia__..____...__..._. 26 thessa, Solenophallus. a 142 Sia QTY OTT eee ee 159 bottae.____..--..--- 151, 152, 159, 161, 162 albicaudatus.................. 0, 162 alticola.___.... 31 anitae......-- .. 29, 30, 31 aureiventris i 160 Camoae.. 152, 153 centralis.... 160 convexus..__.... 159, 160, 161 divergens.__.. ae estanciae__........-..-.....- 152, 153 imitabilis... it 30, 31 incomptus..... 2295 30a magdalenae..._...__...-.....- 29, 30 minimus.... ss 161, 162 modicus..... 151, 152, 153 nesophilus. 160, 162 cecil ralis ST sep 52 russeolus... 29, 30 Gyan 160, 161 wahwahensis 160 winthropi__...__....-....- 151, 152, 153 Thone, F. Exhibition of new books on biological subjects. x, xi, xii Note of the observation of possible fossil algae in a lime- y stone door step.....-..-.-----..------- xi — Exhibition of fossil fern specimens from [Illinois pre- pared by a new method de- veloped by George Long- SV OTS EL ae alr eA NE Ayae SG ticaoensis, Ryssota lamarckiana 53 Tillotson, Daniel F. (See also Benson and Tillotson)..._..._... 151 tiphia, Aegithina..______ t 63, 64 titus, Strymon titus_. Dy 178, 180 tivius, Thomomys bottae. 160, 161 Tockus birostris..........-.... 79 pergriseus_______. aie 79 teiosoma, Sphenanthias.....___.. 20 Trager, H. A. Camera hunting with the biologist off the beat- CRAVE ek AO LSE a xii travancoreensis, Machlolophus xanthogenyS...........-.----------------- 63 tribacia, Physcia 26 tricarinatus, Laelius._....__..__.. 172, 173, ee trichomanoides, Polypodium..._.. Trimeresurus nummifer__.__.. Usa une nummifer.. 3 165 picad on ath 165 triphragmia, Buellia parasema.. 26 SBriprion Sees eC a Diy 191 Trithyreus wessoni.. Se 2324 Trochilus fulgens.___. li lazulus._........ 59 Trogoderma. 173 tarsalen ee ae 175 trogodermatis, Laelius.._............. 172, 173 truncata, Cladonia coniocrae.... 25 truncatus, Tursiops.—....___... 99 Trypethelium virens. ae Turdus intermedia... Syriaca. 2) Eee turgida, Cladonia furcata. turkestanica, Chloris.___.... sae turkestanicus, Oriolus... pen turquinum, Polypodium.__. Dursiopse 22 222 eas truncatus__ eee Tyto alba erypta eine javanica.. stertems.....---.---sscsee Ulke, Titus. Note on early flowering of Chrysosplenium americanum) a ae Original record in the Washington Star of the form- ation of the Biological So- OVE Vi aera ee aT ac - Exhibition of herbarium specimens... ee umbrosa, Sitta carolinensis...._- unicolor, Dicaeum concolor_______ Uroeyon cinereoargenteus cin- eroargenteus! eee Usnea barbata.... utilis, Laelius.__.......-.- vagrans, Bae ipsa 3 Van Daren a R. Announce- ment of biological work in several regions.__...................-_- van Rossem, A. J. Four New Races of Sittidae and Certhi- dae from Mexico..................._- A Race of the Rivoli Humming Bird from Arizona and Northwestern Mexico...... Descriptions of two new subspecies of birds from West- Grin IM erage Notes on two wood- hewers from Mexico.__............ A new race of the Man- grove Swallow from North- western Mexico...............-.....- and | Marquess Hachisuka. A Northwestern Race of the Mexican Cormor- Marquess Hachisuka. A Race of the Military Macaw from Sonora vantynei, Arachnothera longi- varia, Lecanora... Opegrapha._..__... verbasci, Anthrenus.. Vermivora.......-...-.--- superciliosa.._._. mexicana. palliata_. i superciliosa. HN Gis hae vermontanus, Delphinapterus.... verticillata, Cladonia................- \YGVOEY Cae ORO vestita, Cladonia cristatella___.... viator, Poanes._..............-------- Vicia caroliniana.... 11 15 182 177, 179 Index. virens, Trypethelium....-............. 24 SVaTeO ci eee i 11 solitarius........ 11 pinicolus_. 11, 12 plumbeus..... 11, 12 repetens....... 3 11, 12 vireoides, Piprisoma..........---------- a virginiana, Didelphis virginiana 132 virginiensis, Pieris..........--...----- 177, 178, 181 viridiceps, Hugenes..... a 8 vividus, Pericrocotus........-- 70 volans, Glaucomys ee 133 von Bloeker, Jr., Jack C. Two new shrews from west-central California...... by 93 voracis, Laelius.... 172, 173 vorax, Anthrenus....... ay Urals alz/83 vulgata, Opgrapha..... an 24 Vulpes fulva fulva.............-.--.--- 132 Wade, J.S. Exhibition of new books of biological interest..ix, x1, xii, xiii Report on the annual meeting of the National Asso- ciation of Audubon Societies.. xii wahwahensis, Thomomys bot- FEE Vs yer SRL EE See cee 160 Waite, M. B. Exhibition of specimen of Gyrophora dil- TNE Ne ea ERR AU LS NL hac x Exhibition of an English translation of Michaux’s Ses Aico a ix Walker, E. H. - Dust, books, men and @iinesd plants _ su) x Walker, E. P. Note on the poor acorn crop as menacing the food supply of squirrels_.__...... Xil warel, Tephrodornis pondiceri- SSH TES RAL MS a a a 69 watsoni, Strymon titus.. Ne 180 weberi, Ryssota zeus.....2...1........ 48, 49 wessoni, Trithyreus._..._._______._.. winnemana, Microsorex hoyi__. MEV OTIS Sead aS Ee 209 123, 124 134 132 winthropi, Thomomys bottae..151, 152, 153 woodi, Brachypternus benghal- x Xantholaema haemacephala Confess ee Mea Thao hers Ses UE ON Oe xanthonotus, Machlolophus xanthocenys: soe) ey Xenolepidichthys americanus... Wedaleleishroc en es Tee eu Xiphorhynchus flavigaster._._.... eburneirostris__............. megarhynchus ng yarumalense, Polypodium .......... Z Zapus hudsonicus americanus... zeus, Lamarckiella.__ Ryssota............-- ziaratensis, Parus major... a ziartensis, Parus major...._.......... Zimmer, John T. A New Species of Inezia subflava from Mt. Duida, Venezuela._...............- Zizania palustris._....._. Zosterops occidentis... Seo as remota... 78 182 116, 117 YL SAC fh sh iw 3 ww LACS ] j}\ et | \ Ll Ned | Neat | \ \ \ \ - 4\5 LY i } f hi j \}\ \ MAN \es ) Yee Ned \ i \ = i JNA } j\74, 4 AY \ % } iN) i\ \ \ AN Al Y i Ys p | | y y Ref, ‘ L Al AN ] He AW Ww % 3 S| Y SS BA ey j\ \\ all | eg \ \ We © eeu whe 2 )\ l\ i i \ 9 Vi . 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