4 \ .\ yi " PROCEEDINGS OF THE Biological Society of Washington 921035 VOLUME 54 194] WASHINGTON PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS HERBERT FRIEDMANN, Chairman REMINGTON KELLOGG F. C. LINCOLN EK. P. KILLIP J. S. WADE PUBLICATION NOTE By a change in the By-Laws of the Biological Society of Washington, effective March 27, 1926, the fiscal year now begins in May, and the offi- cers will henceforth hold office from May to May. This, however, will make no change in the volumes of the Proceedings, which will continue to coincide with the calendar year. In order to furnish desired informa- tion, the title page of the current volume and the list of newly elected officers and committees will hereafter be published soon after the annual election in May. PRESS OF H. L. & J. B. McQueen, Inc. Wasuinerton, D. C. 574.0673 OFFICERS AND COUNCIL OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON (FOR 1941-1942) (ELECTED MAY 3, 1941) OFFICERS President E. P. WALKER Vice-Presidents (In the order of election) J. E. SHILLINGER H. B. HUMPHREY F. THONE L. K. COUCH Recording Secretary S. F. BLAKE Corresponding Secretary J. S. WADE Treasurer F. C. LINCOLN COUNCIL Elected Members E. G. HOLT J. E. BENEDICT, JR. I. N. HOFFMAN F. W. POOS J. W. ALDRICH Ex-Presidents V. BAILEY L. O. HOWARD PAUL BARTSCH H. H. T. JACKSON W. B. BELL C. HART MERRIAM C. E. CHAMBLISS H. C. OBERHOLSER H. C. FULLER T. S. PALMER E. A. GOLDMAN Ss. A. ROHWER W. P. HAY H. M. SMITH A. D. HOPKINS L. STEJNEGER A. WETMORE STANDING COMMITTEES—1941-1942 Committee on Communications L. K. Coucu, Chairman F. C. Bisnopp R. F. Griees F. F. Smita C. Corram S. F. HitpEBRAND F. THonrE H. FRIEDMANN D. E. McHenry Committee on Zoological Nomenclature Austin H. Cuark, Chairman Patt BartTscHu H. H. T. Jackson A. WETMORE C. F. W. Mursesecrk Committee on Publications HERBERT FRIEDMANN, Chairman Remincton Keutitoga’ E. P. Kine F. C. Lincotn J. S. Want Trustees of Permanent Funds -H. C. Fuuier (1941-1943), Chairman J. E. Grar (1941-1943) M. B. Waite (1941-1943) (iii) EX-PRESIDENTS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON *THEODORE N. Giwu, 1881, 1882 *CHARLES A. Wuits, 1883, 1884 *G. Brown Goons, 1885, 1886 ‘*WitLtiAM H. Datu, 1887, 1888 *LesTeR F. Warp, 1889, 1890 C. Hart Merriam, 1891, 1892 *C. V. Ritny, 1893, 1894 *Gro. M. STERNBERG, 1895, 1896 L. O. Howarp, 1897, 1898 *FREDERICK V. CoviLLn, 1899, 1900 *F, A. Lucas, 1901, 1902 *B. W. Evermann, 1903, 1904 *F. H. Knowuton, 1905, 1906 L. StesnecerR, 1907, 1908 T. S. Patmer, 1909, 1910 *Davip Wuitr, 1911 *H. W. Ne son, 1912, 1913 Pavuxt Bartscu, 1914, 1915 W. P. Hay, 1916, 1917 *J. N. Rosz, 1918 Hucu M. Situ, 1919 A. D. Hopkins, 1920 *N. Hobuister, 1921 VERNON Baitey, 1922 *A, 8. Hitcucocrk, 1923 *J. W. Giptey, 1924 S. A. Ronwer, 1925 H. C. OBERHOLSER, 1926-1927 K. A. GoupmMan, 1927-1929 ALEXANDER WETMORE, 1929-1931 H. H. T. Jackson, 1931-1933 C. E. Cuamsuiss, 1933-1935 H. C. Furr, 1935-1938 W. B. Betz, 1938-1940 *Deceased. (iv) TABLE OF CONTENTS. Officers and Committees for 1941... 2.00 eee bane JE Te e205 UREA Co) apd 2 Hoek Roce cer tae nea eR eon EISEN 2 The Nomenclatorial Status of Certain Northern Turritid Mol- lusks, by Paull Bartsolecs4-iteel ites See 8 ee anaes The Proper Specific Name for the Oriental Catfish Usually Called Plotosus anguillaris (Bloch), by Hugh M. Smith.......... Four New Asteracea from Northern Mexico Collected by I. M. Upbnstontbyis-y be, Dl alce oe eek a aera An Undescribed Woodpecker from the Paraguayan Chaco, by Ber ery ETOG Gry oes eee eRe LM eae ge ee ee Descriptions of New Beetles of the Genus Phyllophaga from Neotropical Regions, by Lawrence W. Saylor............ Nematodes Parasitic on and Associated with Roots of Mari- polds(Pacetes hybrids), by, G. Stemers oe ae New races of Flycatcher, Warbler and Wrens from Mexico, by TRAD) Sey Ly Sos IANO O Se A Seon eee a Le New Species, Names, and Combinations of Grasses, by Jason Gere eres ee Sei Pceee tes spe enah | gale 24 iy to os a eae ae A New Species of Xenosaurus from Guatemala, by L. C. Stuart Descriptions of Two New Races of Birds from South China, by the Marquess Hachisukas:)). 22. edbeal secees eto ane Description of a New Species of Bird from the Philippine Islands, by the Marquess Hachisuk0ay.._.:. 2222112220024 assess teeccseitaa New Heteromyid Rodents from Nevada, by E. Raymond Hall... On Five New Polydesmid Millipeds from Mexico, by Ralph V. @haniberlinius (02-422) aes ea te ange ls ceunseas A New Mexican Scarab Beetle, by Lawrence W. Saylor_............... Remarks on Voles of the Genus Lemmiscus, with One Described as New, by E. A. Goldmaintcs. sissies. tssse tse ots kt eee nscat A New Name for the Mexican Snakes of the Genus Dendro- phidion, by Hobart Mi: Suntitthe. wis. 4ecs.s20. cote a ue ansteied.- A New Plethodont Salamander from New Mexico, by Edward Hie Vaylorste 6 oe) siete sie a nee 2h Two New Species of Mexican Plethodontid Salamanders, by HdwardEhy Tayloris:_.siiciscton 2 A accatssa bh cntera tit kta Some Mexican Frogs, by Edward H. Taylor..........-22.222220222.--20----1-- Insularity in the Genus Sorex on the North Coast of British Co- lumbia, by Ian McTaggart Cowan. _.....21212..1.-.-.-tesdsessseceseaceseetsease FEB 26 19% v1 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Three New Wolves from North America, by E. A. Goldman........ 109-114 A New Leptodeira from Mexico, by Hobart M. Smith... 115-118 On the Mexican Snakes of the Genus Pliocercus, by Hobart M. Sn Bi IN SS I UU UN CN 119-124 Another New Hypopachus from Guatemala, by L. C. Stuart... 125-128 Two New Subspecies of the Pifon Mouse, Peromyscus truez, from California, by Donald F. Hoffmeister... 129-132 A New Subspecies of Arremon schlegeli, by John T. Zimmer.._____.. 133-136 On a Collection of Myriopods from Venezuela, by Ralph V. Chama er bin 2x Oe aie al ch ee 137-142 A New Race of Neition andium from Venezuela, by H. B. Conover 143-144 An Isolated Race of Microtus montanus from Eastern Washington, by Walter sWaDal quest: 1 eee sinh oad 2 SiC) ean ae 145-148 New Form of Toxostoma from Hidalgo, by Robert T. Moore... 149-150 Three New Races in the Genus Otus from Central Mexico, by Robertich yore yews NUE NCUA N Sa een MI ee ob 151-160 New Clethrionomys from Utah and Pennsylvania, by J. Kenneth DD YO pean Ve LON ONWARD GPM Oe 161-164 A New Lizard of the Genus Uta from Arizona, by M. B. Mittle- IMR UTR AN OLDE SNS IL OREM AUS TU SSL AO 165-168 New Race of Swift from the Philippine Islands, by the Marquess RH Hii stalcel sane cei ASL lack Ne ROR Rl AOE 1 gOS NEA 169-170 Three New Races of Birds from Central America, by A. J. van HERO SSO Tis Osa NA a As NUM sin OO EE te 171-174 New Geckos (Phelsuma and Lygodactylus), Snake (Leptotyphlops), and Frog (Phrynobatrachus) from Pemba Island, East Africa, by Arthuroverid gee) Quine c say MANN Ca MON! Ms easier 175-178 Varieties of the Strawberry Guava, by F. R. Fosberg..........._.. 179-180 A New Race of Lygosoma from Mexico, by Hobart M. Smith...... 181-182 A New Genus and a New Species of Amphipoda from the Pacific Coast of North America, by Clarence R. Shoemaker............. 183-186 On the Names of Certain California Amphipods, by Clarence R. Shoemaker 255 000 Ue WON. GE NOOBS CO) CREATOR Ay Ulva Ie 187-188 A New Western Subspecies of Golden Mouse, by E. A. Goldman 189-192 An Undescribed Skink (Lygosoma) from New Caledonia, by Arthur Go veridlge ssi e Aa NU sce Ra NC VIS Mi Nia ULL ate ae 193-194 Bogertia lutzae—a New Genus and Species of Gecko from Bahia, Brazil by Arthur (overage Wiaaiaae ns olen ee uae Neeley 195-196 Two New Species of Hlewtherodactylus from Guatemala, by L. C. SEU bis SUI IW i AN Sa RE SRSLY EOE UR bo UE SEGALL GS) 197-200 A New Pine Mouse, Genus Pitymys, from Wisconsin, by Hartley BS DA BOS Vel *% MAY 26 194 ms jj v4 >, NEW SPECIES, NAMES, AND COMBINA OF GRASSES. BY JASON R. SWALLEN. yw_y —— L MUSE Recent studies on grasses have made necessary the new names and species contained in this paper. Panicum lithophilum Swallen, sp. nov. Annuum; culmi 10 to 30 em. alti, erecti, ramosi, glabri vel sparse hispidi; vaginae papilloso-hispidae pilis adscendentibus; ligula ciliata, 1 mm. longa; laminae 6 to 8 cm. longae, 2 to 4 mm. latae, erectae, purpureae, papilloso- hispidae, marginibus scabris; paniculae erectae, 7 to 15 em. longae, pauci- florae, ramis solitariis late adscendentibus, infimis usque ad 10 em. longis; pulvini glabri vel sparse pilosi; spiculae 2.1 to 2.2 mm. longae, appressae, solitariae vel binae ad apices ramulorum; gluma prima 0.6 to 0.8 mm. longa, obtusa; gluma secunda et lemma sterile aequalia, acuta, glabra; fructus 1.6 mm. longus, fuscus, lucidus. Annual; culms 10 to 30 cm. tall, erect, in small tufts, glabrous or sparsely hispid, branching at the lower nodes; sheaths about as long as or a little shorter than the internodes, papillose-hispid with ascending hairs; ligule ciliate, 1 mm. long; blades 6 to 8 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, erect, rather conspicuously tinged with purple, papillose-hispid especially toward the base, the margins scabrous; panicles erect, the primary ones 7 to 15 em. long, the branches solitary, rather distant, stiffly but widely ascending, the lowermost as much as 10 cm. long; pulvini glabrous or sparsely pilose; spikelets 2.1 to 2.2 mm. long, short-pedicellate, appressed, solitary or usually paired toward the ends of the stiffly spreading branchlets; first glume 0.6 to 0.8 mm. long, rounded, obtuse, or very broadly acute, clasping; second glume and sterile lemma equal, acute, pointed beyond the fruit, rather strongly nerved; fruit 1.6 mm. long, blackish-brown at maturity, smooth and shining, the nerves white. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium no. 932898, collected on rocky slope, Stone Mountain, Georgia, August 23, 1905, by A. S. Hitchcock (Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. no. 24). In the revision of Panicum by Hitchcock and Chase,! two specimens 1 Contrib. U. 8. Nat. Herb, 15 : 59. 1910. 8—Proc. Brot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 54, 1941. (43) 44 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. (Hitchcock no. 439 and Harper no. 184) of this species from Stone Mountain were cited under P. philadelphicum Bernh. Since then, additional material from Stone Mountain and also from granite outcrops near Eatonton, Putnam County, has been collected. These plants are so uniform in their characters that it is much better to consider them as a distinct species. The stiffer panicles with larger spikelets arranged in pairs at the ends of the branchlets and the shorter, narrower, erect, purple blades distinguish it from P. philadelphicum. So far as known, this species is confined to granite outcrops of Georgia. » The specimens examined are: Dekalb County: Stone Mountain, Hitchcock 439 (Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. no. 24); Harper 184. Putnam County: Eaton- ton, McVaugh 5164. Chrysochloa Swallen, nom. nov. Bracteola Swallen, Amer. Journ. Bot. 20 : 118-120. 1938. Some time ago the author described a new genus of African grasses, naming it Bracteola. According to the International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature, Article 67, the name is illegitimate because it ‘‘ coincides with a technical term currently used in morphology . . .”” The name was used because in Latin it means a small plate of gold, in this case, alluding to the golden shining glumes of the spikelets. Chrysochloa, from the Greek, chrysos, gold, and chloe, grass, has therefore been selected to take the place of Bracteola. C. lucida (Swallen) Swallen, comb. nov. Bracteola lucida Swallen, Amer. Journ. Bot. 20 : 118. 1933. C. subaequigluma (Rendle) Swallen, comb. nov. Chloris subaequigluma Rendle, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welwitsch 2 : 222. 1899. Bracteola subaequigluma Hubbard, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1934 : 117. 1934. C. orientalis (Hubbard) Swallen, comb. nov. Bracteola orientalis Hubbard, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1934 : 117. 1934. Hesperochloa (Piper) Rybd.? This monotypic genus has been referred at various times to both Poa and Festuca. It was first described as a subgenus of Festuca by Piper,? based on Poa kingii S. Wats., but later was raised to generic rank by Rydberg. In recent years it has been retained in Festuca (F. confinis Vasey; F. kingii Cassidy), although the characters are not those of this genus. As pointed out by Rydberg, the stigmas are hispidulous all around, while in both Festuca and Poa they are plumose, that is, hispidulous only on two sides. Further, no species of Festuca is known to be dioecious, a fact which in itself is of considerable significance. The coarseness of the plants is also unlike species of Poa and the blades do not have boat-shaped tips, a character which is universal in that genus. Considering the doubtful 2 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39 : 106. 1912. 3 Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 10, 40. 1906. Swallen—New Species, Names and Combinations of Grasses. 45 affinities of this grass with Festuca and Poa, it is much better to consider it as a distinct genus rather than an anomalous species of either of these genera. During the past summer, the author had the opportunity of seeing and studying this grass in the field during the height of its flowering period. Its appearance is very striking and distinctive. The staminate and pistil- late plants could easily be distinguished at a distance, the former having larger, more open panicles of usually larger spikelets, and the latter a narrow, rather compact panicle of smaller spikelets. This difference is not so apparent in plants growing at high altitudes. The size of the spikelets and the relative length of the glumes, however, are highly variable in both the staminate and pistillate plants. There is a little known form which differs from the typical species in having involute blades and short-awned lemmas: Hesperochloa kingit var. rabiosa (Piper) Swallen, comb. noy. Festuca confinis rabiosa Piper, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 10 : 41. 1906. Festuca kingii var. rabiosa Hitche. Amer. Journ. Bot. 21 : 128. 1934. Bromus purgans var. laeviglumis (Scribn.) Swallen, comb. nov. Bromus ciliatus var. laeviglumis Scribn. in Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bull. 23 : 32. 1900. Bromus purgans forma glabriflorus Wiegand, Rhodora 24 : 92. 1922. Bromus laeviglumis Hitche., Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 41 : 157. 1928. A study of the type specimen of this variety shows very clearly that the relationship is with B. purgans L. rather than B. ciliatus L. The first glume of the former is broad near the base but is rather abruptly narrowed from near the middle to an acuminate or subattenuate apex. On the other hand, the first glume of B. ciliatus is gradually narrowed from the base to an acute or rarely subacuminate apex. The florets in the spikelets of B. purgans are also more imbricate, the spikelets therefore appearing narrower and more rounded than those of B. ciliatus. The pubescence on the lemmas of B. purgans is more variable, less conspicuous, and without pattern, which would tend to indicate the greater possibility of a glabrous form of this species than of B. ciliatus. No specimen has been seen with entirely gla- brous or even sparingly pubescent lemmas which could be referred defin- itely to B. ciliatus. Agrostis scabra var. geminata (Trin.) Swallen, comb. nov. Agrostis geminata Trin., Gram. Unifl. 207. 1824. Agrostis hiemalis var. geminata Hitche., U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant Indus. Bulll. 68 : 44. 1905. Is TOE Vol. 54, pp. 47-48 \ May 20, 1941 PROCEEDINGS : Ni BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON | A NEW SPECIES OF XENOSAURUS FROM GUATEMALA. BY EC SLUARL. Early in 1940, while completing my investigations upon the herpetofauna of the Alta Verapaz which were sponsored by the University of Michigan in cooperation with the Carnegie Institution of Washington, I secured a specimen of the saurian genus Xenosaurus Peters. As might be expected of an individual taken some 500 miles beyond the known range of the genus, examination showed that it represents an undescribed species. I take pleasure in dedicating this new form to the memory of Mr. Horace H. Rackham, whose bequests made possible the endowment for research in the University of Michigan, from which has come the support for my investigations in Guatemala. The species may be known as Xenosaurus rackhami, sp. nov. Type.—Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, No. 89072. An adult male collected by L. C. Stuart at Finca Volcan (49 kilometers due east of Coban), Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, at an altitude of about 4000 feet, on March 27, 1940. Diagnosis.—Differing from Xenosaurus grandis (Gray) in possessing smaller gular scales, fewer longitudinal rows of abdominal scutes, less con- spicuous lateral folds, and lower and broader auricular tubercles. Description.—Head subtriangular, the snout covered above with conical scales. Three rows of slightly-differentiated interorbital scutes, and three transversely-elongated, supraorbital scales surrounded by minute conical granules. Scales on back of head irregular and much flatter than those of the snout; pineal scute undifferentiated. On either side of the head a row of large flat scales extending from the orbit to the back of the head. Nos- tril in a single nasal. Supralabials 9/11, separated by a row of scales from the suboculars; infralabials, 9. Scales of temporal region large and sub- conical, interspersed with numerous granular scales. A row of enlarged subconical scutes along the anterior border of the tympanic depression. Gular scales small, in about 30 irregular rows from the anterior gular fold to the post-mental. Two prominent gular folds. 9—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 54, 1941. (47) 48 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. The body covered dorsally with enlarged, slightly-projecting ovoid scutes interspersed among many, small, granule-like scales and tending to be arranged in longitudinal series mid-dorsally. A trace of a dermal fold ventro-laterally extending from axilla to groin. The belly covered with flat, squarish scales arranged in about 32 transverse rows from axilla to groin. The limbs covered dorsally with numerous, enlarged, subconical scutes among which are interspersed small granular scales, and ventrally with convex, plate-like scales. Scales of the tail similar to those of the belly and arranged in whorls. Digits long and slender, compressed, and - swollen at the articulations. The measurements are total length, 222 mm.; head length, 27 mm.; head width, 23 mm.; body length, 83 mm.; tail length, 112 mm.; fore leg, 24 mm.; fore foot, 20 mm.; hind leg, 35 mm.; hind foot, 27 mm. The ground color dorsally, light brown. A few black mottlings on the surface of the head and a dark streak extending along the enlarged scutes between the orbit and the back of the head. Dorsally on body, five white bars bordered posteriorly and anteriorly with black, and intervening ground color mottled with black. Limbs showing irregular white and black bars or dark and light mottlings. Tail banded with black and white with traces of the brown ground color breaking up the black bands. Undersurfaces white, the belly spotted with black and brown. Relationships.—Whether this new form will eventually be shown to be a subspecies of grandis awaits exploration of the highlands of Chiapas and northwestern Guatemala. Certainly the two are very close, but their differences, though slight, are distinct. Compared with a series of almost topotypic grandis the most prominent feature of separation lies in the size of the gular scales. In grandis these average about 37, as compared with 30 in rackhami. Though this is numerically a slight difference, a visual comparison of the two is most striking. The number of rows of abdominal scutes is less evident and a large series of rackhamz might indicate an over- lapping of this character. The range is 34-39 in grandis, while rackhami has but 32. The prominence of the lateral folds may be the result of differences in preservation. Another character of separation is the form of the enlarged tubercles not only along the anterior temporal border but over the entire body. In grandis these are relatively high and narrow, in rackhami low and broad. On the upper surface of the fore-arms the broader tubercles almost obliterate the intervening granules in rackhami, whereas in grandis the granules are far more abundant owing to the narrow bases of the tubercles. Certainly the above differences are such that subspecificity may eventually be proven. Habits.—Nothing is known of the habits of this form. It was collected on the ground in an abandoned cafetal at the base of the cloud forest and under conditions identical to those occurring in the cloud forest proper a thousand feet higher. This would indicate that the form is a cloud forest inhabitant, occupying a similar habitat at a lower level rather than a low- land form at the upper level of its range. It was repeatedly observed in the Alta Verapaz that the boundary between lowland and highland types corresponded roughly with the 4000 foot contour. 10673 Vol. 54, pp. 49-50 May 20, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ae BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW RACES OF BIRDS FROM SOUTH CHINA. BY THE MARQUESS HACHISUKA, PH. D. During the early summer of 1940 I had the opportunity of visiting Nanning, the capital of Kwangsi, in southwest China. Nanning has a local natural history museum which exhibits about a hundred specimens of birds collected in that province. As observed both from airplane and car the major part of the ground in this province is well cultivated. Although most of the hills are denuded of trees the interior mountains still preserve their original forest. In these regions avifauna is rich, and many Burmese, Tonkinese and Yunnanese species occur which are unknown in the well explored Fukien and Kwangtung areas. The dates and localities written on Chinese labels attached to the Nanning collection are in most cases brief but a majority of them seem to have been collected at Yaoshan, a very interesting mountain where Prof. Yen obtained many novelties.' A portion of the collection was brought back to Japan, and as a result of my careful examination the following two races are here proposed. Rhipidura albicollis nigritinctus, subsp. nov. Type.—Adult, unsexed, in Hachisuka Collection, Tokyo; Kwangsi Province, probably Yaoshan, N. E. of Nanning, 1938. Subspecific characters.—The present race differs from R. a. albicollis in having the sooty-brown of the typical race replaced by a much darker colour. A short but broad superciliary stripe; throat feathers, except the base, and large portion of the tips of rectrices (except the median pair), pure white. The remainder of the body is pure black except that the back and rump are slightly lighter. Wing-coverts and wings are deep sooty- brown but darker than the typical race. 1 Stresemann, Journ. fur. Orn., LX XVII, Heft 2, 323-337, 1929. Yen Kwok Yung, Bull. of the Dept. of Biol., No. 5, Birds from Yaoshan, Kwangsi, Canton, 1930. 10—Proc. Brot. Soc. Wash., Vou. 54, 1941. (49) 50 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Measurements.—Wing, 72; tail, 101; bill, 11; tarsus, 20. Range.—So far only known from mountains of Kwangsi Province, 8. W. China. Remarks.—Some members of Rhipidura are open country birds and familiar with human habitation while others are confined to high mountain forest. The present species has the habitat of the latter and is not common where found. Yen is the only ornithologist who previously collected this species, an adult male in Loshiang, in Yaoshan range, in April, 1929. Therefore, it must be an exceedingly rare bird. This is the second record of genus Rhipidura from China. Siva cyanouroptera yaoshanica, subsp. nov. Type.—Adult, unsexed, in Hachisuka Collection, Tokyo; Kwangsi Province, most probably Yaoshan, N. E. of Nanning, 1988. Subspecific characters.—The present race is closely related to S. c. wingatez but the back, rump and wing-coverts are more earthy-brown and have no shade of olive. The crown is conspicuously streaked like wingatez but the general shade of head and nape is more indigo blue than either wingatez or typical cyanouroptera. Wing quills have no white tips; under part of the body is more soiled vinous-grey, particularly on the flanks. Measurements.—Wing, 65; tail, 67; bill, 14; tarsus, 25 mm. Range.—So far only known from mountains of Kwangsi Province, 8. W. China. Remarks.—Genus Siva is now recorded for the first time from Chima. \ Vol, 54, pp. 51-54 May 20, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON i/, { is \\ 2 \V A *@ DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF BIRD FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BY THE MARQUESS HACHISUKA, PH. D. There is a large cocoanut plantation known as Atong Atong Estate facing a beautiful sandy beach situated in the San Raphael Bay at the northwestern corner of the island of Basilan. This estate is only a short distance from Isabela where Dr. Steere and other well-known ornithologists made collections, and which has become one of the best known type localities for the Philippine birds. Dr. Shinjiro Yamamura, managing director of the estate, is much interested in natural history and with his son and daughter made extensive collections of birds, fishes, insects, shells, and corals. The finest collection was gathered from May, 1925, to April, 1926, chiefly through the activity of Miss Yaeko Yamamura, who is a qualified field naturalist. The Yamamura’s collection of birds have been presented to and worked out by Dr. Kuroda, and the results were published in Tori, 1927. This paper enumerates twenty-three species of birds newly added to the list of Basilan avifauna and one race of oriole then newly described. Miss Yamamura kept a few mounted beautiful birds for herself, but those she turned over to me thinking they might be helpful in the preparation of my book, ‘‘The Birds of the Philippine Islands.’’ As these mounted birds bore no adequate labels I put them aside and paid no attention to them until recently. The specimen of sunbird here described as a new species was among them. Because of its extraordinary colour pattern, it has been relaxed and carefully examined by Mr. Otsuka, taxidermist of the Bureau of Agriculture, to determine whether it is composed entirely of one individual bird or whether some other beautiful feathers or skins were put together, because it was mounted for ornamental purposes by a commercial taxi- 11—Proc. Brox. Soc. Wasn., Vou. 54, 1941. (51) 52 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. dermist. The result was that all the feathers proved to belong to one jndividual bird. The specimen was further x-rayed at the St. Luke Inter- national Hospital and the result was also satisfactory in support of Mr. Otsuka’s view. The Marquis Kuroda, who examined the specimen, also came to the same conclusion that the specimen proves to be an undescribed species of Nectariniidae. Cinnyris! picta, sp. nov. Type.—Male, only specimen, in Hachisuka Collection, Tokyo; Atong . Atong plantation, N. W. Basilan, May, 1925—April,, 1926; collected by Miss Yaeko Yamamura. Specific Characters.— Structure: Bill and head about equal (18 mm.) like #thopyga and Cinnyris; tail shorter than length of wing, rounded and slightly graduated, 10 tail-feathers (only 8 present and others missing), each feather wide and not narrow like Hthopyga. Like Athopyga nasal operculum naked, not covered with short feathers. Colour pattern: Rump is not yellow like Hthopyga, nor has loose yellow feathers like Hudrepanis. Having metallic coloured chin, throat, and fore- breast it must be considered as a member of Cinnyris in this respect. Upper surface is olive, the characteristic of Cinnyris, but in addition the back is brilliantly metallic. Description of plumage: Upper part of the body yellowish olive like C. frenatus except the back where feathers are metallic green and are loose at the tips. A few feathers, apparently in fresh condition, are bottle green but the majority have metallic bronze wash when the light is behind the observer. Superciliary stripe and a line from lores to malar region lemon- yellow, darker in the former and paler in the latter; chin, throat and upper breast metallic violet and with a purple sheen like C. frenatus; lower breast and flanks poppy-red, and long feathers cover over abdomen. The abdomi- nal feathers and under tail-coverts are light straw yellow; wing earthy brown; tail black with large portion of tip white, merely indicated on the two central pairs. Bill black; legs, in dry skin, dark flesh colour. First primary short, 3d, 4th and 5th about equal and longest. (In Aithopyga 1st short, 3d, 4th, 5th and 6th about equal.) Measurements.—Wing, 56; tail, 56; bill, 17; tarsus, 16. Range.—So far only known from type locality. Remarks.—Only Cinnyrine species somewhat resembling this are the yellow-vented, olive-backed, jugularis, sericea, and frenatus group but the new species is distinctly different by having red under-parts instead of yellow, and the back metallic green instead of yellowish olive. Although yellow and red under-parts are obviously different I have good reason to believe that they are not systematically distant. The much smaller Philippine species, C. s. sperata, found on 24 islands, has poppy-red under- parts while C. s. juliae, of much restricted range (only five islands) has 1 If one refuses to use Cinnyris for the Asiatic birds Leptecoma will have to be applied. Marquess Hachisuka—New Bird from Philippines. 53 yellow under-parts. These two sunbirds are found on geographically different islands except Mindanao. My expedition collected a series of about forty skins from south Mindanao and found the majority to be of the red type while a few are intermediate with juliae type mixed with abundant red feathers on yellow breast. After discovering this fact I consider juliae and sperata conspecific and recognize that an intermediate series occur at certain portions of Mindanao. Members of Cinnyris found in Basilan are one large C. j. jugularis and one small C. sperata juliae, both yellow breasted. Therefore, the discovery of this large red breasted third species is truly astonishing. These three species have been collected at Atong Atong plantation where cocoanuts are extensively grown. The unique type has not been anatomically sexed but in view of the strong sex dimorphism existing among members of the present family the specimen is considered as male. ie Vol. 54, pp. 55-62 May 20, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Ae e : BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON®0N\| (io) 4 / BY E. RAYMOND HALL, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California, In preparing an account of the mammals of Nevada, six heretofore unrecognized geographic races of species belonging to the Family Heteromyidae have been found. Names and descriptions for these are provided below. Perognathus longimembris gulosus, new subspecies. Type.—Female, adult, skin with skull, no. 78764, Mus. Vert. Zool.; near [14 mi. S.] Smith Creek Cave, 5800 feet, Mount Moriah, White Pine County, Nevada; June 4, 1937; collected by Lee W. Arnold; original no. 259. Range.—Known from western margin of the basin of the Pleistocene Lake Bonneville in eastern Nevada and western Utah. Diagnosis.—Size medium for the species; upper parts Pinkish Buff (capitalized color terms after Ridgway, 1912), overlain with dark brownish and blackish; underparts with hair white all the way to base; tail bicolored, dusky above; skull broad across mastoids but mastoidal bullae of moderate length; maxillary tooth row short. Comparisons.—From P. l. nevadensis, this form differs in having the hair of the underparts pure white all the way to the base rather than plumbeous basally and tipped with buffy. From P. l. arizonensis, gulosus differs in much paler (more grayish, less reddish) sides and upper parts. From P. I. virginis, gulosus differs in lighter (less blackish and less reddish) upper parts and sides and in smaller skull, especially the smaller mastoidal bullae. From P. 1. panamintinus, gulosus differs in less ochraceous sides and shorter upper tooth rows. Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements of 5 adult females from the vicinity of the type locality are: Total length, 132 (125-137); length of tail, 72 (70-74); length of hind foot, 17.8 (17-19); weight in grams, 7.5 (6.1-8.9); occipitonasal length, 21.1 (21.0-21.2); frontonasal length, 14.4 (14.0-14.6); mastoidal breadth, 12.5 (12.3-12.6); length of bulla (from posteriormost part to anteriormost part lateral to zygomatic arch), 8.2 (8.1-8.3); interorbital breadth, 5.2 (5.1-5.3); alveolar length of upper molariform tooth row, 3.0 (2.9-3.1). 12—Proc. Bio. Soc. WasH., Vou. 54, 1941. (55) 56 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Remarks.—Among named races, gulosus most closely resembles P. 1. panamintinus. The only differences, so far as I can see, are the Pinkish Buff rather than Light Ochraceous Buff color, less extensive area of ‘‘red- dish” color on sides, and shorter tooth row. The ranges of the two forms are not known to meet, apparently being separated by the ranges of P. l. nevadensis and P. l. virginis; the range of nevadensis in central Nevada extends southward to southern Lander County and the range of virginis in southeastern Nevada extends northwest through Lincoln County into Nye County. Specimens examined.—Total number, 26, as follows: Nevada: Elko Co.: 13 mi. N. Montello, 5000 ft., 3; 8 mi. S. Wendover, 4700 ft., 12. White Pine Co.: near [14 mi. 8.] Smith Creek Cave, Mt. Moriah, 5800 ft., 2; 1 mi. S. E. Smith Creek Cave, Mt. Moriah, 5800 ft., 1; 2 mi. E. Smith Creek Cave, Mt. Moriah, 5600 ft., 3; 4 mi. E. Smith Creek Cave, 1. Utah: Box Elder Co.: Kelton, 4225 ft., 1. Mullard Co.: 5 mi. S. Garrison, 5400 ft., 2. Perognathus formosus incolatus, new subspecies. Type.—Female, adult, skin with skull, no. 78855, Mus. Vert. Zool.; 2 mi. W. Smith Creek Cave, 6300 ft., Mt. Moriah, White Pine County, Nevada; June 18, 1937; collected by Lee W. Arnold; original no. 360. Range.—Known only from the type locality but judged to occur in suitable habitat over much of the basin of the Pleistocene Lake Bonneville. Diagnosis.—Size medium; color grayish and pale, the upper parts a mixture of white, light buffy and reduced amount of blackish; sides with buffy markings faintly indicated; hind feet and underparts white; tail bicolored, buffy below and colored like upper parts above; skull with large tympanic bullae, maxillary arms of zygomata inclined posteriorly and width across zygomatic arches less anteriorly than posteriorly. Comparisons.—From P. f. formosus, this race differs in lighter color and in the shape of the interparietal which has the anterior border more nearly straight; in formosus the suture between the interparietal and the parietals has the form of an open, inverted V. From P. f. mohavensis, incolatus differs in the same way as from formosus but the difference in color is less. Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements, of 4 adult females, are: Total length, 185 (177-190); length of tail, 102 (97-106); length of hind foot, 22.8 (22-23); weight in grams, 18.9 (16.8-21.5); occipitonasal length, 26.8 (26.0-27.3); frontonasal length, 18.1 (17.7-18.3); mastoidal breadth, 13.9 (13.7-14.4); length of bulla, 8.9 (8.8—9.1) ; interorbital breadth, 6.7 (6.4-6.9); alveolar length of upper molariform tooth row, 3.7 (3.7-3.7). Remarks.—The taking of the specimens here recorded was the first evidence, that I know of, showing that this species ranges northward into the basin of the Pleistocene Lake Bonneville. Like races of other species from this area, the pallor of the coloration is noteworthy. Specimens examined.—Total number, 5, all from Nevada, as follows: White Pine Co.: 2 mi. W. Smith Creek Cave, 6300 ft., Mount Moriah, 6300 ft., 2; near Smith Creek Cave, 5800 ft., Mount Moriah, 3. Hall—New Heteromyid Rodents from Nevada. 57 Perognathus formosus melanurus, new subspecies. Type.—Female, adult, skin with skull, no. 73442, Mus. Vert. Zool.; 40° 28’ N., 6 mi. E. California Boundary, 4000 ft., Washoe County, Nevada; July 7, 1936; collected by E. Raymond Hall; original no. 5070. Range.—Smoke Creek Desert and vicinity: from 8. W. Humboldt County, Nevada, south to Truckee River and from near Toulon, Pershing County, Nevada, west to vicinity of Stacy, eastern Lassen County, Cali- fornia. Diagnosis.—Size large; color blackish over upper parts with faint tinge of buffy; underparts white, or buffy and white; hind feet buffy; tail black above, and below buffy or rarely with a black stripe; skull with small tympanic bullae, long frontonasal region, and widespread maxillary arms of zygomata causing jugals to be nearly parallel. Comparisons.—From P. f. mohavensis, melanurus differs in larger size on the average, always in darker color of upper parts including dorsal tail stripe, and in smaller tympanic bullae. From P. f. formosus and P. f. incolatus, melanurus differs in the same way as from mohavensis although the color difference is less in comparison with formosus and more in com- parison with zncolatus. Furthermore, formosus and incolatus have the maxillary arm of each zygoma inclined more posteriorly, resulting in the zygomatic breadth being less anteriorly rather than about equal anteriorly and posteriorly as in melanurus. Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements of 10 adult males and 11 adult females, from Washoe and Pershing counties, Nevada, are: Total length, o, 199 (187-211), 2, 196 (185-211); length of tail, 107 (100- 115), 108 (97-118); length of hind foot, 24.7 (23-26), 24.9 (23-26); weight in grams, 21.9 (19.8-24.7), 20.2 (19.2-23.3); occipitonasal length, 27.2 (26.5-28.2), 26.8 (25.5-27.3); frontonasal length, 18.8 (18.0-19.6), 18.5 (17.6-19.4); mastoidal breadth, 14.3 (13.9-14.7), 14.0 (13.4-14.7); length of bulla, 9.0 (8.7—-9.3), 8.8 (8.6-9.0); interorbital breadth, 6.9 (6.7-7.4), 7.0 (6.6-7.5); alveolar length of upper molariform tooth row, 4.0 (3.6-4.3), 3.8 (3.7-4.0). Remarks.—Although the species formosus inhabits principally the Lower Sonoran Life-zone, the range of melanurus lies entirely within the Upper Sonoran Life-zone, albeit within the lower part of this zone. This is where Sarcobatus and Atriplex predominate, in many places to the exclusion of the zonally higher Artemisia tridentata. Like several other mammalian species which live mainly in the Lower Sonoran Life-zone, P. formosus occurs farthest north here in the low country along the eastern base of the Sierra Nevada. Intergradation with the race mohavensis is suggested by specimens from several localities in Mineral County, Nevada, which, although darker than the average for mohavensis, are referable to that subspecies. So far as known, mice of the species Perognathus formosus do not occur in central Nevada or in most of eastern Nevada; hence the range of melanurus probably does not meet that of P. f. formosus or P. f. incolatus. Specimens examined.—Total number, 45, as follows: California: Lassen 58 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Co.: 4% mi. W. N. W. Stacy, 3; 3 mi. N. W. Warm Spring, 1. Nevada: Washoe Co.: 1 mi. N. E. Gerlach, 4000 ft., 2; 40° 28’ N., 6 mi. E. Calif. Boundary, 4000 ft., 8; 4 mi. N. W. Pahrum Peak, 4200 ft., 1; 214 mi. E. Flanigan, 4250 ft., 4; 8 mi. E. Reno, 4500 ft., 1; N. side Truckee River, 10 and 1134 mi. E. Reno, 4500 ft., 8. Humboldt Co.: 1014 mi. W. and 6 mi. N. Sulphur, 4000 ft., 1. Pershing Co.: 3 mi. S. W. Vernon, 4300 ft., 8; 30 mi. W. and 4 mi. N. Lovelock, 4300 ft., 1; 30 mi. W. and 3 mi. N. Lovelock, 4300 ft., 1; 314 mi. N. E. Toulon, 3950 ft., 1; 1 to 344 mi. W. Toulon, 4100 to 4500 ft., 5. Dipodomys ordii inaquosus, new subspecies. Type.—Male, adult, skin with skull, no. 73580, Mus. Vert. Zool.; 11 mi. E. and 1 mi. N. Jungo, 4200 ft., Humboldt County, Nevada; July 26, 1936; collected by Ward C. Russell; original no. 5026. Range.—Southeastern Humboldt County and northern Lander County, Nevada. Diagnosis.—Size large excepting tail, which is relatively short; color pale; upper parts Pinkish Buff, lightly marked with dusky; white supraorbital spots large; dark arietiform facial markings almost obsolete; skull large; nasals long. Comparisons.—From Dipodomys ordii columbianus (Merriam), inaquosus differs in relatively shorter tail, markedly lighter color, large rather than small supraorbital white spots, and lighter and less extensive arietiform facial markings. From Dipodomys ordii monoensis (Grinnell), the one other race whose range meets that of inaquosus, it differs in larger size in all parts measured and lighter color. Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements of 5 adult males, from 8 and 11 miles to the eastward of Jungo, are: Total length, 246 (233— 261); length of tail, 136 (125-142); length of hind foot, 39.7 (38-41); basal length (measured from anterior face of incisor), 25.6 (25.2—26.0); length of nasal, 138.7 (13.2-14.1); greatest breadth, 24.0 (23.1-24.8); maxillary breadth, 20.2 (19.8-20.6); interorbital breadth, 11.8 (11.6-12.0). Remarks.—The pallor of coloration in this race almost equals that of Dipodomys ordii celeripes of the Bonneville Basin in western Utah and extreme eastern Nevada. The relatively short tail of znaquosus is found also in the actually smaller race monoensis to the southward. D. o. in- aquosus resembles monoensis also in that the dorsal outline of the skull is more convex in longitudinal axis than in columbianus. The convexity is less in most specimens than in monoensis. Specimens examined.—Total number, 50, all from Nevada, as follows: Humboldt Co.: 7 mi. N. Winnemucca, 4400 ft., 4; 1 mi. N. Winnemucca, 4600 ft., 8; 5 mi. N. HE. Golconda, 7; 1 mi. W. Golconda, 3; 3 to 5 mi.S. W. Winnemucca, 4500 to 4600 ft., 4; 8 mi. E.and 1 mi. N. Jungo, 4200 ft., 6; 11 mi. E. and 1 mi. N. Jungo, 4200 ft., 8; 10 mi. S. W. Winnemucca, 4500 ft., 1; 23 mi. N. W. Battle Mountain, 4. Pershing Co.: 15 mi. S. W. Win- nemucca, 1. Lander Co.: Izenhood, 2; 3 mi. S. Izenhood, 2. Hali—New Heteromyid Rodents from Nevada. 59 Microdipodops megacephalus sabulonis, new subspecies. Type.—Male, adult, skin with skull, no. 49381, Mus. Vert. Zool.; 5 mi. S. E. Kawich Post Office, 5400 ft., Kawich Valley, Nye County, Nevada; September 27, 1931; collected by Robert T. Orr; original no. 384. Range.—Sandy and gravelly soils from eastern Esmeralda County east- ward across Nye County to western Lincoln County, Nevada. Diagnosis.—Tail and hind foot short; upper parts brownish with much reddish; distal fourth to sixth of tail dark brown or black; supraorbital and postauricular patches light buffy; feet light gray; underparts white but plumbeous basally; skull narrow; auditory bullae relatively uninflated; incisive foramina widest posteriorly. Comparisons.—From Microdipodops megacephalus megacephalus, this race differs in more reddish, less blackish, colored upper parts, white rather than buffy tipping of hairs of underparts, and wider skull as measured across the auditory bullae. From M. p. albiventer, sabulonis differs in larger average size of all parts measured except greatest breadth of skull, which is about the same, and maxillary breadth which is less. In sabulonis the tail is relatively longer, the upper parts are darker, the tail is more extensively tipped on the upper surface with black and the hair of the under- parts is ordinarily plumbeous basally rather than white all the way to the base. Comparison with M. p. ruficollaris is made in the account of that race. Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements of 4 adult males and 5 adult females from the type locality are: Total length, &, 153 (150— 158), 2, 155 (150-159); length of tail, 84 (81-86), 85 (81-88); length of hind foot, 24.6 (24-25), 23.6 (22.3-24.0) ; basal length (measured from anterior face of incisor), 18.1 (17.3-19.1), 18.3 (17.5-19.0); nasal length, 9.8 (9.5-10.1), 10.0 (9.7—-10.3); greatest breadth, 18.9 (18.1-20.0), 19.0 (18.3-19.5); maxil- lary breadth, 11.6 (11.2-12.4), 11.8 (11.3-12.1); least interorbital breadth, 6.6 (6.3-6.8), 6.4 (6.1-6.8). Remarks.—Intergradation with M. m. megacephalus to the northward is shown by several series of specimens referred to that race, as for example those from Ralston Valley, 5800 ft., 1514 miles northeast of Tonopah and some from Old Mill, north end Reveille Valley, 6200 ft., both places in Nye County. Specimens examined.—Total number, 413, all from Nevada, as follows: Esmeralda Co.: 1314 mi. N. W. Goldfield, 4850 ft., 22. Nye Co.: 4 mi. S. E. Millett, 5500 ft., 17; 5 mi. S. E. Millett, 5500 ft., 4; 4 mi. S. Millett, 5500 ft., 5; 11% to 13 mi. N. E. San Antonio, 5700 to 6700 ft., 26; 434 to 6 mi. N. E. San Antonio, 5640 to 5700 ft., 29; 17 mi. W. Sunnyside, White River Valley, 12; 9 mi. W. and 3 mi. S. Tybo, 6200 ft., 43; 15 to 16144 mi. W. S. W. Sunnyside, White River Valley, 5500 ft., 11; 14 to 15 mi. N. E. Sharp, Garden Valley, 23; 814 mi. N. E. Sharp, Garden Valley, 28; 34 mi. E. and 1 mi. N. Tonopah, 5650 ft., 6; N. shore Mud Lake, 8. end Ralston Valley, 5300 ft., 2; 114 to 3-2/5 mi. S. Silverbow, Kawich Mountains, 6200 to 6400 ft., 19; 5 to 614 mi. 8. W. Silverbow, Cactus Flat, 5700 to 6000 ft., 18; 1114 mi. 8S. W. Silverbow, Cactus Flat, 5400 ft., 9; 14 mi. S. E. Goldfield, Stone- wall Flat, 4700 ft., 2; 714 mi. E. Cliff Spring, 5900 ft., 37; 44% mi. N. W. 60 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Indian Spring, Kawich. Valley, 5700 ft., 6; 5 to 5-7/10 mi. S. E. Kawich P. O., Kawich Valley, 5400 ft., 12. Lincoln Co.: 14 mi. N. Seeman Pass, 4850 ft., E. side Coal Valley, 26; 10 mi. N. Seeman Pass, 4650 ft., Coal Valley, 14; 17 mi. N. Groom Baldy, Penoyer Valley, 14; 14to 15 mi. N. N. W. Groom Baldy, Penoyer Valley, 8; 9 mi. W. Groom Baldy, 5500 ft., 18; 1114 mi. E. Johnnies Water, 1; 1414 to 15 mi. 8. Groom Baldy, 6. Microdipodos pallidus ruficollaris, new subspecies. Type.—Female, adult, skin with skull, no. 49254, Mus. Vert. Zool.; 5 mi. 8S. E. Kawich Post Office, 5400 ft., Kawich Valley, Nye County, Nevada; September 25, 1931; collected by Robert T. Orr; original no. 367. Range.—Fine sands of valleys from western Nye County eastward to western Lincoln County, Nevada. Diagnosis.—Tail and hind foot long; upper parts near (e) Light Pinkish Cinnamon mixed with blackish, with a broad collar of more nearly cinnamon color; tail bicolor, corresponding to body and without black or dark brown at tip; supraorbital spots white or white with wash of faint buffy color; postauricular patches white; feet white; fur of underparts everywhere white to base; skull broad; auditory bullae much inflated; incisive foramina parallel-sided. Comparisons.—From M. p. pallidus, M. p. dickeyi, and especially from M. p. lucidus, this race differs in more reddish upper parts and presence of the cinnamon colored collar. From M. p. albiventer, ruficollaris differs in more reddish color, presence of the collar, larger size of all parts measured, relatively longer tail, absence of the dusky or blackish markings on the tip of the tail, and in narrower incisive foramina. From M. m. sabulonis, ruficollaris differs in longer hind foot, lighter coloration of upper parts, top of tail distally white rather than black, presence of the cinnamon collar, hair of underparts white to base rather than basally plumbeous, greater breadth across auditory bullae, greater maxillary breadth, greater interorbital breadth, upper incisors less recurved, premaxillae extending farther behind nasals, and incisive foramina parallel- sided rather than widest posteriorly. Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements of 3 adult males and 7 adult females, from the type locality, are: Total length, o, 157 (156-158), 2, 161 (154-164); length of tail, 85 (83-88), 89 (85-91); length of hind foot, 25.0 (25-25), 25.2 (25-26); basal length, 18.2 (18.1-18.2), 18.4 (18.0-18.7); nasal length, 9.7 (9.5-9.9), 10.0 (9.7-10.3); 19.3 (19.2- 19.4), 19.7 (19.4-20.1); maxillary breadth, 12.0 (11.8-12.1), 12.3 (12.1- 12.7); least interorbital breadth, 6.7 (6.7-6.8), 7.0 (6.7—7.3). Remarks.—This race, like the other named races of the species Micro- dipodops pallidus, occurs in fine sand whereas M. m. sabulonis, like M. m. megacephalus, lives often in coarse sand or gravelly soil. At the eight localities where ruficollaris and sabulonis have been taken together, there was sharp segregation of the two kinds of mice according to the difference in soil just described. At these places the skins-alone or skulls-alone are readily distinguished by the differences mentioned under the heading of comparisons. Hall—New Heteromyid Rodents from Nevada. 61 Specimens examined.—Total number, 165, all from Nevada, as follows: Nye Co.: 9 mi. W. and 3 mi. S. Tybo, 6200 ft., 2; 34 mi. E. and 1 mi. N. Tonopah, 5650 ft., 39; N. shore Mud Lake, S. end Ralston Valley, 5300 ft., 10; 114 to 3-2/5 mi. S. Silverbow, Kawich Mts., 6200 to 6400 ft., 3; 111% mi. 8. W. Silverbow, Cactus Flat, 5400 ft., 5; 6 mi. W. Kawich P. O., Gold Flat, 5100 ft., 5; 5 to 544 mi. W. Kawich P. O., Gold Flat, 5100 to 5200 ft., 8; 5 to 5-7/10 mi. S. E. Kawich P. O., Kawich Valley, 5400 ft., 46; 6 mi. 8. W. Kawich P. O., Gold Flat, 5100 ft., 12. Lincoln Co.: 17 mi. N. Groom Baldy, Penoyer Valley, 25; 14 to 15 mi. N. N. W. Groom Baldy, Penoyer Valley, 10. fp pb Vol. 54, pp. 63-66 May 20, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ee aay ees (SONIAN [Nig ON FIVE NEW POLYDESMID MIL FROM MEXICO. BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, University of Utah. The new millipeds described in this paper are based upon material forming part of collections made by Harry Hoogstraal and Kenneth Knight in the states of Nuevo Leon and Michoacan during June and July, 1940. Types are in the author’s col- lection. Family RHACHODESMIDAE. Pararachistes nuevus, new species. Green throughout, including antennae and legs. Body with width nearly uniform over most of length. Keels of anterior segments wider than in P. vertebratus and conspicuously narrowing from base distad; moderately extended caudad of middle portion of segment, considerably less so than in P. elevatus; curved upward, more strongly so on posterior segments; posterior angles typical. Dorsal surface of metazonites smooth except for the usual transverse series of minute, nearly obsolete, tubercles. Repug- natorial pores looking upward, not outwards as described for P. vertebratus, minute denticle of anterior corner of keels barely detectable. Genital process of second legs of male as shown in Fig. 1. Apparently quite distinct from P. elevatus, the genotype, in the propor- tions and details of the male gonopods. The femoral division is notably larger in relation to the distal division, with the seminal cavity especially large and conspicuous. See further Fig. 2. Length of male holotype, about 30 mm.; width, 3.2 mm. Locality.—Mexico: Nuevo Leon: Sabinas Hidalgo, Ojo de Agua. Eleva- tion, 1500 ft. Male holotype and female allotype taken by K. Knight under stones on escarpment, June 14, 1940. ‘Arid semi-desert scrub.” Family XYSTODESMIDAE. Rhysodesmus brachus, new species, Dorsum appearing cross-banded from the circumstance that the prozo- nites are paler and the metazonites darker brown. Keels yellowish, or yellowish brown, but no light band across caudal border of segments. 13—Proc. Brox. Soc. Wasx., Von, 54, 1941, (63) 64 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Cauda similar to keels. Antennae characteristically dark brown through- out, much darker than the head. Legs yellowish. Collum much more attentuated over the lateral end portions than in, e. g., leonensis. Surface smooth, without trace of tubercles. Body relatively broad. Dorsum rather strongly convex, the keels rising a little from the line continuing the dorsal slope. Metazonites free of all tubercles, smooth and shining. All keels from second caudad with poster- ior angles produced caudad, the production slight on anterior segments and becoming gradually more pronounced in going caudad. Pores on thickened lateral margin directed dorsad. Sterna typical. Legs with joints and spines also as usual. Gonopod of male as drawn (Fig. 3). Length of male holotype, 35 mm.; width, 10.5 mm. Length of female allotype, 38 mm.; width, 10 mm. Locality.—Mexico: Nuevo Leon: Sabinas Hidalgo, Ojo de Agua. Male holotype and two females taken by K. Knight on June 14, 1940, “‘under rocks on escarpment.’ Elevation, 1500 feet. ‘‘ Arid semi-desert scrub.” Readily distinguishable from R. leonensis, found in the same locality, by its greater proportionate breadth, characteristic coloring, and details of gonopods. Rhysodesmus eusculptus, new species. Color uniform brown over both prozonites and metazonites, the keels paler on lateral border. Head and antennae brown, the latter apically darker, the legs brownish yellow. Antennae long and cylindrical. Middle portion of anterior margin of collum weakly convex, the lateral portions evenly convex to the rounded end on each side; posterior margin arcuate, the middle part being widely incurved. Surface smooth except for a well developed series of 8-10 tubercles across posterior border and typically 4 well-separated tubercles across anterior border. Body of but moderate relative width, the keels for the most part not overlapping. Keels not continuing evenly, the convexity of the dorsum, being a little more nearly horizontal. Anterior margin forming an even curve with the rounded anterior corner and the moderately convex lateral margin; posterior margin also convex; caudal corners not at all produced excepting on the posterior segments. Surface of metazonites with three transverse series of mostly distinct and moderately coarse tubercles, the first and second series more widely separated than the second and third. Sterna with posterior margin widely but weakly notched. Legs with ultimate article much longer than the penult; distal spine of second article conspicuous, none present on first article. Gonopod of male as figured. (Fig. 4.) Length of male holotype, 38 mm.; width, 7 mm. Length of female allotype, 37 mm.; width, 8 mm. - Locality.—Mexico: Tancitaro in State of Michoacan. Elevation, 6500 feet. Two males, of which one is freshly moulted, and two females taken by Hoogstraal, July 20, 1940, under rocks in moist woods. Apparently a lighter colored species than A. arcuatus Pocock of the ad- Chamberlin—New Polydesmid Millipeds from Mexico. 65 joining State of Guerrero, with body more slender and keels not overlapping as in latter species. Different also in details of male gonopods. Rhysodesmus knighti, new species. Dusky brown, with keels and a connecting stripe across caudal border yellow. Legs and antennae yellow, the latter somewhat darker distally. Anterior margin of collum with its lateral margins forming a somewhat semicircular, even line a little flattened at middle. Posterior margin sub- arcuate. Surface subdensely covered throughout with small, low, not usually sharply defined, granules. Body of moderate relative width. Keels of anterior region overlapping, continuing evenly the convexity of the dorsum. Elsewhere the keels become somewhat more elevated and do not overlap. On typical segments of the middle region, the keels have the anterior corner widely rounded with margin evenly continuous with the moderately convex lateral margin; caudal corner subrectangular, narrowly rounded, not produced ; caudal margin moderately convex. Metazonites wider across caudal border than across the anterior. In the posterior region the keels become moderately produced as usual. Surface of metazonites with numerous small, low, and in part obscure granules like those of collum, these in part longitudinally elongate. Sternites wide; caudal margin widely concave, ending on each side in an acute process or tooth. Gonopods of male as shown in Fig. 5. Length of male holotype, about 20 mm. ; width, 4.5 mm. Locality.—Mexico: State of Nuevo Leon: Villa Santiago (Hacienda Vista Hermosa, Horsetail Falls.) Altitude, 1500 ft. Mesic temperate forest. One male taken on ground by Hoogstraal and Knight on June 16, 1940. This species is similar to R. pusillus in size but is readily distinguished from that species in color, form of collum and keels, as well as in the gono- pods. Rhysodesmus leonensis, new species. Prozonites and metazonites above black. Keels yellow with a continuous band of the same color across caudal border of metazonites. Cauda yellow. Collum yellow across anterior and posterior border. Antennae yellow proximally, brown distally. Legs yellow. Collum of characteristic form, the anterior margin being straight except at ends, which bend back to join curve of widely rounded ends; posterior margin convex, the line mesally somewhat flattened. Dorsal surface coriariously marked but with no obvious tubercles. Keels of usual general outline; the posterior border extending caudad of the caudal margin of median portion of metazonite. Dorsal surface nearly smooth; with a few small, obscene tubercles on each side. Metazo- nites broader across caudal borders than across anterior. Caudal margin of sternites weakly incurved. Legs with joints of usual proportions as in eusculptus, ete. Spine of second article of moderate length. Gonopods of male as shown in Fig. 6. Length of male holotype, about 37 mm.; width, 8 mm. Locality.—Mexico: State of Nuevo Leon: Sabinas Hidalgo, Ojo de Agua. 66 . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. One male taken by K. Knight, June 14;°1940, under rocks on escarpment. Elevation 1500 feet. ‘‘ Arid semi-desert scrub.” A more slender form than R. brachus, differing also in being banded in light across the metazonites. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. Fig. 1. Pararachistes nuevus, new species. Processes of coxae of second and third legs of male. Fig. 2. Pararachistes nuevus, new species. Right gonopod of male, anterior view. Fig. 3. Rhysodesmus brachus, new species. Right gonopod of male, mesal view. Fig. 4. Rhysodesmus eusculptus, new species. Right gonopod of male, mesal view. Fig. 5. Rhysodesmus knighti, new species. Left gonopod of male, mesal view. Fig. 6. Rhysodesmus leonensis, new species. Right gonopod of male, mesal view, la Vol. 54, pp. 67-68 | u, tot PROCEEDINGS Z\son (3lliy; 9 1941 INGTON. © 4 “a yw Ona, MUSES et OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF W A NEW MEXICAN SCARAB BEETLE. BY LAWRENCE W. SAYLOR, Washington, D. C. The species of Phyllophaga described in this paper is a very interesting one inasmuch as its closest relationship appears to be with the recently described and unusual P. gigantissima Saylor; both these species will be included under a new generic name in a paper now in press. Phyllophaga (Phyllophaga) lalanza, new species. Male.—Rather large, robust, slightly broader behind. Color yellow- ochreous, the prothorax, head, and legs rufous to rufocastaneous. Dorsal surface apparently glabrous. Head with fine, dense, and variolate punc- tures. Clypeus narrowly, triangularly, and somewhat deeply incised at the apex, the apical margin hardly reflexed, and the angles broadly rounded; clypeal suture well indicated though not impressed, and straight or very nearly so. Antenna 10-segmented, and unicolorous; segments 3-7 progress- sively smaller; club small, subequal to segments 3-7 combined. Labrum widely and deeply cleft. Mentum flat and broad, and obliquely tumid near each side margin. Prothorax strongly transverse ; the lateral margins nearly arcuate and not dilated, though ciliate and faintly crenate; both base and apex are furnished with a strong and complete marginal line; front angles nearly rectangular, the hind angles obtusely rounded; dise with punctures similar in size to those of head, and separated by once to twice their diameters. Elytra without costae other than the sutural; disc rugosely wrinkled, the punctures of about the same size and arrange- ment as those of the prothorax. Propygidium with a moderately wide, well-marked, median longitudinal sulcus, the sides of which are reflexed and slightly overhanging; entire surface of the propygidium with extremely fine punctures and short, dense, procumbent hairs. Pygidium somewhat polished, surface slightly convex at base, the apical half flattened, disc rugosely wrinkled, with fine, moderately dense but somewhat irregularly placed punctures. Abdomen polished, without obvious sexual characters; sternites flattened at middle and sparsely punctate, 5th sternite flat and 14—Proc. Brox. Soc. Wasu., Von, 54, 1941, (67) JUN 12 104% 68 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. with sparse, irregularly-placed punctures, and a few erect hairs; 6th sternite half the length of 5th, flat, punctured like the 5th, and with the apex ciliate. Mid and hind tibiae without complete transverse carinae, and with the outermost margin strongly serrate. First segment of hind tarsus longer than the second; spurs free, slender, unequal in length. Claws of all the tarsi with a strong median tooth, and also with a small triangular tooth midway between the median tooth and the dilated claw base. Genitalia bilaterally symmetrical, the basal half somewhat tubular. Female.—Antennal club slightly shorter than in male; abdomen slightly convex at middle, the 6th sternite also slightly convex; otherwise very similar to the male in all respects. Length 21-26 mm. Width 11-13 mm. The Holotype male, Allotype female, and a good series of paratypes, all from ‘‘ Guadalajara, Mexico, collected by Lawrence W. Saylor and Morgan M. Saylor, June 26, 1940,” remain in the Saylor Collection. My father and I collected 8 of these specimens flying around the lighted bandstand in the center of town. The other specimens were taken from a large pond in a part just outside the town; the beetles had been attracted to several lights overhanging the pond and had fallen into the water. This new species can be confused only with the more northern P. gigan- tissima Saylor from Sonora, Mexico, but is readily separable by its much smaller size, dorsal punctation, and the characters of the male genitalia. The species is named for my good friend Senor Ing. Manuel Fdez. de la Lanza, the Delegado de Defenso Agricola, of Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico, as a slight token of my appreciation for the many favors he extended me on a recent trip to Sinaloa and other Mexican states. af .0 0 /~ Vol. 54, pp. 69-72 July 31, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON _ REMARKS ON VOLES OF THE GENUS LEMMISCUS, WITH ONE DESCRIBED AS NEW. BY E. A. GOLDMAN. The American voles of the genus Lemmiscus,’ until recently regarded as a subgenus under the Old World genus Lagurus, form a small group known to range in more or less isolated sections of the Transition Zone, from the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada in California east to the Rocky Mountains in northern Colorado and northward on the mountains and hills rising from semi-arid plains of the interior east of the Cascade Range to Calgary, Alberta. The altitudinal range is from about 2,000 feet on hills in western North Dakota to 10,500 feet in the White Mountains of eastern California, as recorded by Hall (Jour. Mamm., vol. 9, No. 3, p. 201, 1928). Knowledge of the group is very incomplete, as distribution is interrupted and collections, except in a few places, have not been extensive. The present remarks are based on the examination of 134 specimens in the U. 8. National Museum, including the types of Arvicola curtata Cope, Arvicola pauperrima Cooper, and Arvicola (Chi- lotus) pallidus Merriam. General comparisons of adults reveal that these names represent populations differing mainly in the minor cranial details that commonly characterize geographic races or subspecies. Maturity, in the group, is reliably indi- cated by the full size of the cranium and the tendency to develop a slight median ridge on the frontals. Specimens representing a number of localities are of young individuals, and as only those of adults are very satisfactory for comparative purposes much 1 Raised by Davis (Recent Mammals of Idaho, 1939, p. 325) to full generic rank. I have not examined Lagurus, but the differential characters as set forth by Davis seem to be ample. 15—Proc. Brot. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 54, 1941. (69) 70 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. remains to be learned concerning the distribution and inter- gradation of races. The animal now recognized as Lemmiscus pauperrimus is evidently very closely allied to Lemmiscus curtatus, the principal difference noted being the usually larger, more fully distended auditory bullae. Even this slight character is subject to considerable variation. Lemmiscus pallidus averages very slightly paler than curtatus and pauperrimus. The skull of pallidus is very similar in size to those of curtatus and pauperrimus, but the zygo- mata are more widely spreading, the auditory bullae smaller, and the molar tooth rows longer than in either. No topotypes of Microtus (Lagurus) curtatus artemisiae Anthony, from Ironside, Malheur County, Oregon, or of Microtus (Lagurus) intermedius Taylor, from the Pine Forest Moun- tains, Humboldt County, Nevada, have been examined by me, and their relationship to near geographic neighbors may be subject to revision. The three forms considered are, however, regarded as subspecies with type localities as follows: Lemmiscus curtatus curtatus (Cope)..........-.------ Pigeon Spring, Mount Magruder, Nevada. Lemmiscus curtatus pauperrimus (Cooper)... Plains of the Columbia, near Snake River, Wash- ington. Lemmiscus curtatus pallidus (Merriam).......... Fort Buford, Williams County, North Dakota. A hitherto unrecognized subspecies may be known by the following description: Lemmiscus curtatus levidensis, subsp. nov. ROCKY MOUNTAIN PYGMY VOLE. Type.—From sandhills 5 miles east of Canadian River, at west base of Medicine Bow Range, east of Walden, North Park, Jackson County, Colorado (altitude about 8,000 feet). No. 148168, 9 adult, skin and skull, U. S. National Museum (Biological Survey collection); collected by Merritt Cary, August 6, 1906. Original number 733. Distribution.—Rocky Mountain region, from northwestern Colorado northwest through northwestern Utah, and southwestern Wyoming to eastern Idaho (Salmon River Mountains) and southwestern Montana. General characters.—A small race of Lemmiscus curtatus; skull slender and flattened, with frontal region notably depressed. Closely resembling Lemmiscus curtatus curtatus of western Nevada, Lemmiscus curtatus pauperrimus of southwestern Washington, and Lemmiscus curtatus pallidus of northwestern North Dakota in color, but decidedly smaller; skull slenderer and flatter. Color.—Type (summer pelage): Upper parts in general near ‘‘ wood brown”’ (Ridgway, 1912), with a “‘cinnamon-buff” suffusion, darkened on top of head and back by a fine admixture of dusky-tipped hairs; under Goldman—Remarks on Voles of the Genus Lemmiscus. 71 parts dull whitish; ears edged with ‘“‘cinnamon-buff”; feet white; tail brownish along a narrow median line above, white on sides and below. In some adults the ‘‘cinnamon-buff”’ suffusion is more pronounced. Young: Similar to adults, but darker in general tone. Skull—Similar to those of curtatus, pawperrimus and pallidus, but smaller, slenderer, more flattened, the brain case decidedly lower, and the frontal region more depressed or concave in upper outline than in any of them; auditory bullae small; dentition relatively heavy. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 120 mm.; tail vertebrae, 20; hind foot, 17. An adult male and female from Elk Springs, 8 miles south of Lily, Moffat County, Colorado, respectively: 115, 122; 21, 19;18,18. Skull (type): Occipitonasal length, 23.1; condylobasal length, 23.4; basicranial depth (over auditory bullae), 7.8; zygomatic breadth, 13.7; interorbital constriction, 3.2; width across squamosals (at mastoids), 10.9; length of nasals, 5.9; upper molar tooth row, 5.6. An adult male topotype: Occipi- tonasal length, 22.9; condylobasal length, 23.3; basicranial depth, 7.8; zygomatic breadth, 14; interorbital constriction, 3.6; width across squa- mosals, 11.1; length of nasals, 6.4; upper molar tooth row, 5.7. Remarks.—The specimens here assigned to this small race were form- erly referred to pauperrimus, of which only young examples were available, and comparisons were therefore apt to be misleading. The best distin- guishing character is the shallow depth of the cranium, compared with the neighboring geographic races. Specimens examined.—Total number, 47, as follows: Colorado: Canadian River (5 miles east), 4 (1 skull without skin); Elk Springs, 8 miles south of Lily (6,500 feet), 6; Fort Collins, 1; Toponas, Egeria Park, 8; Two Bar Springs, Moffat County, 12.2 Idaho: American Falls, 1; Salmon River Mountains, 6; Silver City (45 miles southeast), 1 (skin only). Montana: Donovan, Beaverhead County, 2. Utah: Uintah Mountains (10,000 feet), 2. Wyoming:¥Fort Bridger (20 miles south), 4. 2Col, Mus. Nat. Hist. M: 4 fo) ees B,OO7]% Vol. 54, pp. 73-76 July 31, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ‘WASHINGTON A NEW NAME FOR THE MEXICAN SNAKES OF THE GENUS DENDROPHIDION. BY HOBART M. SMITH: The Mexican snakes belonging to the genus Dendrophidion have generally been associated with dendrophis, a name based upon two cotypes with entire anals (fide Bocourt) from Cayenne, French Guiana. One of these has 140 ventrals and 196 caudals (fide Schlegel). Three Mexican and eleven Central American specimens in the U. 8. National Museum, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, and the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, as well as three others reported by Bocourt from Guatemala, indicate that such a disposition is not correct. They agree with dendrophis in having entire anals, but they have higher ventral counts (149 to 174) and lower caudal counts (about 100 to 126). Moreover they are characterized by the absence posteriorly on the body of any clear evidence of a striped pattern (the tail, however, is distinctly striped), and the presence of 38 to 44 maxillary teeth (five specimens). Aside from specimens referred to dendrophis, the only others now known from Central America are placed in clarki and paucicarinatus. Neither of these is the same as the form which occurs in Mexico. The former is green anteriorly (even in the young) and has a different hemipenial structure (much enlarged basal spines). D. paucicarinatus has only the median scales (five rows) keeled, the anal divided (in type), and the ventrals apparently more numerous (183 in type). The only other name available for Central American specimens is percarinatus Cope (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 31, 1893, p. 344), based upon a specimen from Boruca, Costa Rica, with 155 ventrals, anal divided, 145 caudals, and the posterior fourth of the body striped. To this form 1 Walter Rathbone Bacon Scholar, Smithsonian Institution. 2 It should be noted that Traill, in his translation (1843) of Schlegel’s work, says that the caudal number ‘probably should be 106” (p. 152). 16—Proc. Biot. Soc, Wash., Vou. 54, 1941. (73) 74 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. belong all Central American ‘‘dendrophis” with divided anals, as indicated by 16 specimens examined by me from various localities between Panama and Honduras. These have 149 to 169 ventrals, 142 to 163 caudals, anal divided, and all are striped posteriorly. Seven have 35 to 39 maxillary teeth. Accordingly, four forms appear to exist in Central America and Mexico, to none of which is applicable the name dendrophis. The one extending into Mexico may be known as Dendrophidien vinitor, sp. nov. Holotype.—U. S. National Museum No. 110662, a young female, Piedras Negras, Guatemala. Paratypes.—Thirteen. Inthe U.S. National Museum, No. 46589, TEBE Tabasco; No. 7099, ‘‘Mexico”; Nos. 14215, 14220, ‘‘Nicaragua.”’ In the Museum of Clonnsann re Taney Nos. 17117, 9561, Matagalpa, Nicaragua; No. 19342, Suretka, Costa Rica; No. 19344, La Loma Mts., Panama; Nos. 42782-3, Pequeni-Esperanza Ridge, Panama. In the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, Nos. 22863-4, eastern Nicaragua. In the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, No. 79766, Rio Mico, Recero, Nicaragua. Diagnosis.—Differing from all other members of the genus in having the anal consistently entire; subcaudals about 100 to 126; pattern of cross-bands on all of body, those on posterior part not showing any clear evidence of formation of longitudinal stripes; maxillary teeth 38 to 44; basal spines of hemipenis not conspicuously enlarged. Scales strongly keeled, in 17-15 rows; dorsal scales with two apical pits. Description of holotype.—Rostral much broader than high, portion visible from above a third length of internasals; frontal pentagonal, longer than its distance from tip of snout or length of median parietal suture; nasal large, completely divided; loreal large, a little longer than high; one large preocular, upper portion largest, not in contact with frontal; two post- oculars, upper largest; temporals in two rows, lower anterior elongate, twice as long as upper anterior; nine supralabials, 3rd, 4th and 5th entering orbit; eye very large, its vertical diameter three times its distance from labial border, longitudinal diameter a little less than distance of eye from snout; nine infralabials, five in contact with anterior chinshields, two with posterior; anterior chinshields a little larger than, and subequal in age to posterior chinshields. Dorsals strongly keeled (except outer row), with two apical pits, in 17-17-15 rows; ventrals 160; anal entire; caudals more than 96, extreme tip of tail missing. Total length 510 mm., tail 169 mm. Color in life described in field notes as follows. Dorsal surface of head brownish gray, the sutures darker and with a slightly reddish tinge; upper parts of four preocular labials with a reddish tinge; dorsal head color extending laterally in temporal region to (and including) upper edges of two postocular labials, including all of posterior labial; lower edge of this color dark brown, mixed with dull, brownish brick-red; lower parts of 7th and 8th labials, all of 5th and 6th, and lower parts of 3rd and 4th labials pure Sa f r Smith—New Name for the Mexican Snakes Dendrophidion 75 white; 59 bands on body, 54 on tail; band on neck covering one scale length, brownish gray laterally, yellow dorsally; size of yellow dorsal area in light bands decreasing posteriorly, the color disappearing near posterior part of body; light bands margined anteriorly or posteriorly (or both) by narrow, irregular areas of black; light bands gradually disappearing posteriorly, becoming practically indistinguishable on posterior part of body; tail bands and those on posterior part of body black; black borders of light bands interspersed or themselves bordered by brick-red, this color especially prominent medially; central ground color between bands brownish gray anteriorly, becoming light brown tinged with red on middle and posterior part of body; dorsal color extending onto ends of ventrals; no stripes on body; tail with a lateral stripe of dark brown (black) interspersed with brick-red, involving edges of subcaudals and lower half of outer scale rows; medially it is bordered by a light line two half scale rows wide; these two light stripes enclose two series of transverse, short (less than one scale length) dark spots separated from each other by a series of vague light spots; gular region white; belly yellow; subcaudal surface yellow, lighter posteriorly. Remarks.—In the largest specimen (No. 14220, total length 1453 mm., body 948 mm., tail incomplete) the cross-bands are still visible, though dim. The supralabials are 9-9, preoculars 1-1, postoculars 2-2, temporals 2-2, scale rows 17-15 in all. The only other data on variation in vinitor are furnished by Bocourt (Miss. Sci. Mex., 1890, p. 730), who states that one Petén and two Vera Paz specimens have entire anals. Giinther (Biol. Centr. Amer., 1894, p. 127) and Boulenger (Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1894, p. 16) give data on other specimens from ‘‘Guatemala”’ and ‘‘ Vera Paz,” some of which may be vinitor, but the discrepancies between their counts are so great that it seems best not to rely upon any of them. Not only are errors in counts indicated, but each author apparently confused other species (perhaps Drymobius chloroticus among them) with ‘‘dendrophis.” ScaLE COUNTS OF vinitor. Museum Number Sex Ventrals Caudals Infralabials Teeth Locality USNM 7099 160 122 o-9 — Mex. MCZ D56NE ch 151 117 10-10 41 Nic. UMMZ 19766 co 168 118 aie — Nic. MCZ 19344 of 161 126 10-10 = Pan. MCZ 42782 of 149 = 10-10 38 Pan. USNM 14215 == = 99 = Nic. USNM 14220 Q 174 === Miata 42 Nie. USNM 46589 Q ae 115 9-9 — Mex. USNM 110662 9° 160 100+? 9-9 Ad Guat. ANSP 22863 2 160 = 9-9 —- Nic. ANSP 22864 9 157 118 9-9 — Nie. MCZ 17117 2 163 121 10-10 —_— Nic. MCZ 19342 2. 161 126 10-10 40 C.R. MCZ 42783 2 155 114 10-10 — Pan, 76 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. The species perhaps most closely related to vinitor—at least that with which it has been confounded—is percarinatus, whose range is overlapped by that of the former. The sixteen specimens examined of this are as follows: Honduras: Lancetilla (MCZ 29677). Nicaragua: Comoapa (MCZ 9550; Rio Mico, 10 miles above Recero (UMMZ 79764). Costa Rica: Tilaran, Guanacaste (USNM 70663). Panamd: Cana (USNM 50123); Playa Grande, Tres Hermanos Ridge (MCZ 42760); Torres (MCZ 19343). Canal Zone: Gatun (USNM 54080); Chiva Chiva (MCZ 24002); Barro Colorado (MCZ 18902, 34882); Gatun, Ft. Davis (MCZ 22255); Red Tank (MCZ 24000); Ft. Clayton (MCZ 25124); Juan Mina (MCZ 26646); Salamanca, Hydrographic Station (MCZ 39978); Ft. Randolph (MCZ 20552). These have the posterior part of the body distinctly striped, while the specimens with single anals (vinitor) do not. The two species may be compared as follows. vinitor percarinatus Anal single double Caudals 100 to 126 142 to 163 Posterior Body Pattern barred striped Teeth 38 to 44 35 to 39 Range Mex. to Panama Honduras to Panama SCALE COUNTS OF percarinatus Museum Number Sex Ventrals Caudals Infralabials Teeth Locality MCZ 29677 o' 153 163 IGE — Hond. MCZ 9550 ch 154 155 Wet 39 Nie. UMMZ USE! e 156 152 == = Nic. USNM 70663 of 149 152 10-10 = C.R. USNM 50123. of 162 143-- 10-11 38 Pan. MCZ 42760 o 169 = 11-11 = Pan. MCZ 18902 os 158 150 11-11 = C.Z. MCZ 22255 of 159 142 11-12 = C.Z. MCZ 24000 of 158 Weise 9 Juan = C.Z. MCZ 25124 of 155 Sealine 36 C.Z. MCZ 34882 of 158 130 -a PLO = C.Z. MCZ 19343 Q 161 150 10-10 oo Pan. MCZ 20552 163 146 10-10 36 C.Z. MCZ 24002 Q 156 147 Ean = C.Z. MCZ 26646 158 143 11-11 o¢ C.Z. MCZ 39978 9° 161 eae 11-11 35 C.Z. USNM 54080 §=@ 161 144 11-11 35 C.Z. I am much indebted to Dr. E. R. Dunn for very helpful criticisms and suggestions, to Mr. Benjamin Shreve for loan of material, and to Dr. L. C. Stuart for certain data on specimens not examined by me. 3 Data for this and for No. 79766 (vinitor) are from Gaige, Hartweg and Stuart, Occ. Papers Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool., no. 357, 1937, p. 12.. Dr. L. C. Stuart has verified that No. 79764 has a divided anal, No. 79766 an entire anal, is 3 My m.0673 Vol. 54, pp. 77-80 July 31, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW PLETHODONT SALAMANDER FROM NEW MEXICO. BY EDWARD H. TAYLOR, Department of Zoology, University of Kansas. A single specimen of a plethodontid salamander was caught at an elevation of about 9000 ft., in the Sacramento Mountains, at Cloudcroft, New Mexico, by Mr. D. E. Hardy, of the De- partment of Entomology of the University of Kansas, while collecting insects in that region. It was found under the bark of a rotten pine log, in heavy pine forest. Two plethodontids have been reported from this general region: Bolito- glossa bellii in Arizona; Eurycea multiplicata in New Mezico. Since both of these records are far out of the normal range of the respective species it seems wiser to disregard them. The records are old and are very probably due to error in locality data. The Eastern Rocky Mountains, so far as known endemic species of amphibians are concerned, is, relatively speaking, a faunal desert. The finding of this form suggests the possibility that the mountains have been inadequately explored and that other species and, not impossibly, genera, await discovery. Plethodon hardii, sp. nov. Type-—EHT-HMS No. 23656, adult male. Collected in Sacramento Mountains (9,000 ft.) at Cloudcroft, New Mexico, June 29, 1940, by D. E. Hardy. Diagnosis.—Fourteen costal grooves, the adpressed limbs separated by about 31% costal folds; a well-defined median sulcus from between eyes to neck. Reduced number of mandibular, maxillary and premaxillary teeth, not exceeding 15 in either side of lower or upper jaw. Vomerine teeth, 5-6, the series separated from each other by a distance nearly as great as half the length of a single series, separated from parasphenoid teeth by a distance nearly equal to length of one series. Description of type.—A rather small species of the genus, the snout to 17—Proc. Broun. Soc. WasH., Vou. 54, 1941. (77) AUG 6 78 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. vent measurement, 29 mm.; nostrils small; length of eye about 1/5 to 1/6 longer than snout; distance between nostrils about 1/5 greater than distance from eye to nostril; two rather prominent ridges rise in interorbital region and extend to neck where they join; these are separated by a well- defined sulcus; snout truncate, smooth, unpitted; no swelling below nostril; nasolabial groove distinct; no canthus rostralis; narrowest interorbital width 1/3 greater than the width of an eyelid; orbits prominent, seen in profile; line of mouth slightly sinuous; a slight fold across throat between angles of the jaws; a groove from this fold across jaw angle passes up and joins a sinuous groove which extends back from the eye to the nuchal groove (fold); latter very distinct; a continuation of the nuchal groove curves up on side of neck to the dorsal surface but fails to connect with its fellow from the opposite side. Tongue apparently somewhat boletoid but attached in front (the tongue has been fully extruded and is attached by a narrow bit of tissue with evidence that some tearing of the tissues has taken place so that the normal condition can not be ascertained). Maxillary-premaxillary teeth 12-12 which vary in size; vomerine teeth 6-7, in very slightly curved, diagonally placed series; outer tooth of each series behind the outer edge of the choanae, the series separated medially by a space equal to half the length of one series; parasphenoid teeth in two elongate series so closely approximated as to appear as a single group, somewhat pointed anteriorly, widened posteriorly and somewhat notched behind; separated from the vomerine teeth by a distance very slightly less than the length of a vomerine series; mandibular teeth 13-14 confined to anterior part of jaw; choanae small, subcircular, the diameter equal to about half the distance between vomerine series; a small circular pit in middle of palate slightly in advance of the choanae; apparently 14 costal grooves continuing almost to the median dorsal line, and ventrally some can be traced across abdomen; no linear middorsal groove. Limbs well developed, the ascending order of size of fingers, 1, 4, 2, 3, the first very short and save for tip is included in membrane; no webbing between digits beyond ends of the metacarpals; digits not tapering; no metacarpal tubercles; ascending order of size in toes, 1, 5, 2, 3=4; first toe wholly included in membrane; a slight web between bases of three outer toes beyond ends of the metatarsals; toes not tapering or only slightly so; no metatarsal tubercles; subterminal pads on all digits only very moder- ately developed; adpressed limbs separated by about three and one half costal folds. Due to preservation in strong alcohol the normal character of the skin is somewhat in doubt; some pitting is evident and in places the skin shows some minute corrugation; the costal folds are slightly wrinkled; cloaca papillate. Measurements in mm.—Snout to anterior part of vent, 39; anterior part of vent to tip of tail, 42; tip of snout to nuchal fold, 9.8; width of head, 6; arm, 8.2; hind leg, 9.2; axilla to groin, 24.2. Color.—Back brownish, the sides, gray; edge of upper lip and ventral surface of body somewhat dirty yellowish-white. There are certain dark Taylor—New Plethodont Salamander from New Mexico. 79 spots on abdomen but these may be due to discoloration; ventral part of tail lighter than upper part, the extreme tip whitish. Remarks.—The type locality of this species is in a region, for the most part, too arid to support plethodont salamanders. However, the higher mountain tops have clouds and fog, as well as more rainfall, and in such a habitat the present species was discovered. The present distribution of the genus shows a number of apparent discontinuities, the greatest gap being between New Mexico and the States of Washington and Oregon. Whether the discontinuity is real or only apparent can be known when careful exploration has been made in the intervening regions. When further specimens are available a description of skeletal characters, as well as more correct descriptions of the tongue and skin characters, can be given. I suspect that females will show a larger series of mandibular, and maxillary-premaxillary teeth than the male type. When the above characters are certainly known it will be possible to discern the relationships with other species of the genus. The species is named for its discoverer. (Since the above was written, Plethodon idahoensis, Slater and Slipp, has been described from northern Idaho.) Vol. 54, pp. 81-86 July 31, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON TWO NEW SPECIES OF MEXICAN PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS. BY EDWARD H. TAYLOR. Of the two species described here one was obtained from a locality near Galeana, Nuevo Leén, by Mr. Radclyffe Roberts in 1938, and presented to me. Certain other specimens were obtained by Dr. Hobart M. Smith in 1939, in the same general locality. The second species was obtained independently by Dr. Smith and myself in 1940. These specimens are from a locality about twenty miles north of Totalco, in the mountains which lie between Perote and Tezuitlan in Veracruz. Bolitoglossa melanomolga, sp. nov. Type.—EHT-HMS No. 24626, about 20 km. north of San Antonio Limén (Totalco), Veracruz, June 24, 1940, Richard C. Taylor and Edward H. Taylor, Colls. Paratypes.—U. 8. N. M. Nos. 110641, Topotype, E. H. Taylor Coll., 110640, 17 kms. N. E. Limén, Mar. 23, 1940, Hobart M. Smith Coll. Diagnosis.—A member of the Bolitoglossa bellit group, most closely related to B. gadovii (Dunn) but differing in being black with a paired series of light spots on back and a few spots scattered on sides; the limbs longer, touching or overlapping when adpressed with more elongate digits. The interorbital width is less, the width of an eyelid greater; axilla to groin distance less, and larger series of maxillary-premaxillary, vomerine, and mandibular teeth. Toes with web not extending but slightly beyond metacarpals and metatarsals; 11 costal grooves; a sublingual fold; para- sphenoid teeth in two series. Description of the type.—A rather large salamander; the length, snout to anterior edge of vent, 72 mm.; head large, not or scarcely wider than neck; eye large, prominent, its length (4.8 mm.) greater than the length of the snout (4 mm.); width of head (11.4 mm.) contained in head-body length (72 mm.) 6.3 times; head length to gular fold (18.5 mm.) contained 3.89 times; distance between orbits (2.7 mm.) less than width of an eyelid (3.4 mm.); nostril small, its groove forming a right angle; subnarial swell- 18—Proc. Bion. Soc. Wasn., Vou. 53, 1940. (81) auG 6 ~ 82 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. ings scarcely discernible; posterior part of eyelids inserted under a well- defined fold; occipital region very slightly raised, lacking a trace of a medial depression; no canthus rostralis; slight transverse gular fold, the groove arising on each side can be traced on sides of neck to the middorsal line; none or only a faint trace of a groove crossing jaw angle (it can not be discerned on throat); a groove from behind upper part of eye runs back and joins the end of the gular fold; head with moderately large pits; remainder of body very smooth and shiny, the pits very tiny; groove below eye terminates above lip; line of mouth almost straight, diagonal; when arm is brought forward it reaches anterior corner of eye; pads on tips of digits thickened, prominent; digits not widened; order of length in fingers, 1, 3, 2, 4; of toes, 1, 5, 2, 4, 3; when limbs are adpressed they overlap about 1-11 folds; a slight glandular area posterior to insertion of femur; depth of body a little less than width; 11 distinct costal grooves with no trace of the axillary or inguinal; tail missing (the wound scarcely healed); cloaca with the walls folded; skin between costal grooves not folded or puckered. Tongue boletoid, relatively large; a semicircular sublingual fold; maxil- lary-premaxillary teeth, 32-34; vomerine teeth 14-15, the two series separated medially by a space equal to that between two teeth, the two series not maintaining the same level but forming an angular arch (in gadovii, outer and inner part of tooth series maintains the same elevation across palate); mandibular teeth 28-30; parasphenoid teeth in two rather narrow series, widely separated posteriorly, more or less contiguous anteriorly; separated from the vomerine teeth by a distance half of that between the large choanae; diameter of choana (.65) is contained about 4.4 times in distance between choanae (2.9 mm.). Color in life-—Above purplish-black, somewhat lighter on the ventral surfaces; paired whitish flecks dorsally on each costal fold, anteriorly diag- onal but posteriorly they have the form of parallel dashes which are separated by a distance equalling their combined length; a few scattered flecks on sides; a rather prominent fleck on the lateral ends of the gular fold; a few minute light flecks on chin; a white line follows the gular fold across the throat; the costal grooves are more or less whitish; under surface of digits light. Measurements in mm.—(Of Bolitoglossa melanomolga Nos. 110641 yg. and 24626, type; and two topotypic Bolitoglossa gadovii.) (Sex (yg), 2, 2, 2; snout to anterior end of vent, 33, 72, 73, 71; tail, 20, ?, 80, 71; snout to gular fold, 9.5, 18.5, 18.5, 17.8; snout to foreleg, 11.3, 24.7, 23.3, 23; length of snout, 2.1, 4, 4.1, 4; width of head, 6.8, 11.4, 11, 10.2; inter- orbital width 2, 2.7, 3.2, 2.8; eyelid, 2, 3.4, 3, 2.9; arm, 9.5, 20.5, 17.2, 16; leg, 10, 22.2, 20, 20; axilla to groin, 16.5, 37.5, 41.5, 40. The counts of maxillary-premaxillary teeth for the same series are, ?, 32-34, 28-24, 23-21; vomerine teeth, ?, 14-15, 7-8, 8-9; mandibular teeth, ?, 28-30, 24-24, 23-23 (in the young specimen the teeth have scarcely penetrated the gums). Variation.—The paratypes agree very well, save that they are very young. They are dark and the backs are spotted as in the type. In the Taylor—Two Mexican Plethodontid Salamanders. 83 young, the tail length is less than head and body, but this is probably due to its age. In older specimens it is probable that the tail would equal or exceed the length from snout to vent. Remarks.—Topotypic Bolitoglossa gadovii, from Mt. Orizaba (Citlalte- petl), are lavender above; all ventral surfaces and lower half of the sides of body and tail are yellow or cream. Specimens taken from Mt. Malinche (Malintsin) have a similar coloration. The species seems to be absent on Cofre de Perote, the high mountain lying to the southeast, and nearer to the type locality of the newly described species than are the other two mountains. Bolitoglossa melanomolga is a member of the belliz group of the genus, but within the group it is a member of a subgroup which includes B. smithi, B. unguidentis, and B. gadovit. In these, the premaxillary teeth of the males are curiously bifid, the posterior part forming a rounded knob, the anterior part, a hooked claw. It is presumed that the males of the present form will show a similar modification. The three above mentioned species have the skull curiously elevated above the otic capsule in the adult. In smithi, the limbs are shorter, and when adpressed are separated by 34% to 4 costal folds. In unguidentis the width of head is contained in snout to vent length about 7 times. In this species the limbs are large, well- developed, touching when adpressed; the maxillary and mandibular teeth are fewer than in smithz. The elevation of the type locality is between 7,000 and 8,000 ft. All three of the specimens were taken from under rocks in a pine forest. Bolitoglossa galaenae, sp. nov. Type.—EHT-HMS No. 17146. Collected near Galaena, N. L., 7,000 ft. elevation July 10, 1938, by Radclyffe Roberts. Paratypes—EHT-HMS No. 17145, topotype; collector Radclyffe Roberts; EHT-HMS Nos. 25762-25763, and USNM Nos. 110642-110658, Galeana, N. L., elevation 5,200 ft., H. M. Smith Coll. Diagnosis.—A member of the bellii group of Bolitoglossa, more closely related to a subgroup including cephalica and manni. Differentiated from these two species in being considerably larger (maximum length from snout to anterior end of vent, 70 mm.; vent, 5 mm.) and with (usually) large white spots on tail (occasionally also on body); pads of the tip of toes better developed, while the narial swellings and submental gland are reduced; more numerous teeth in full grown adults; maxillary-premaxillary, 59-59; vomerine, 20-18; mandibular, 64-66. Description of type.—A rather large salamander with a snout to anterior end of vent measurement of 70 mm.; head large, wider than neck or body; eye moderately large, prominent, its length (3.9 mm.) less than length of snout (4.3 mm.); width of head (11.5 mm.) contained in the head body length 6 times; head length to gular fold (17 mm.) contained in same distance 4.1 times; distance between orbits (3.6 mm.) greater than the width of an eyelid (2.7 mm.); nostril small, the groove runs straight down from the posterior edge; subnarial swellings (9) small but distinct; pos- 84 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. terior edges of eyelids inserted under a diagonal fold; no canthus; head generally flat, the occipital region not, or but slightly, raised; the grooves arising from sides of the gular fold vertical, but these can not be traced to middorsal line; a groove by the angle of jaw can be traced across throat, and dorsally the groove is more or less distinct to middorsal line; the groove behind eye very indistinct anteriorly, but is more evident where it joins the gular groove; skin on dorsal surfaces smooth, shiny, the pits small; groove under eye not distinct; line of mouth forming a straight diagonal line anteriorly, and a slight curved arch posteriorly; arm brought forward, the fingers reach to middle of eye; rounded pads of tips of digits well defined; digits flattened, webbed at base, the web including all of the proximal phalanges; the first finger with tip emergent from web; the fourth has about half of distal phalanx free; order of length of fingers, 1, 4, 2, 3; of toes, 1, 5, 2, 3=4; web between toes does not include completely the proximal phalanx; adpressed limbs separated by two costal folds; a distinct glandular spot behind insertion of femur; depth of body less than its width; 13 costal grooves, the inguinal and axillary scarcely distinguishable, the skin between the costal grooves longitudinally folded or puckered; tail shorter than body; about 23 grooves on tail. Tongue boletoid, of average size; a sublingual fold; maxillary-premaxillary teeth 58-60; vomerine teeth in transverse curves, 18-20, separated medially by a distance equal to the diameter of a choana, the series extending about two-fifths of their length beyond (lateral) choanae; parasphenoid teeth in two more or less parallel series, 86-83, the series not in contact anteriorly, separated from the vomerine teeth by about a fourth of the distance between choanae; choanae small; mandibular teeth, 64-66; diameter of choana contained in distance between choana about 6 times. Color.—Body slaty to purplish black; a few rather large scattered irregular white spots; the ventral surfaces are only a shade lighter than the dorsal; chin a little lighter than abdomen; tips of digits lighter, contrasting with under surface of foot. Measurements in mm.—Nos. 17146 (type), 110649, 25762, 110650, 110647, 110642; sex, 9, 2, 9, 2, o, o; snout to anterior end of vent, 70, 67, 59, 56, 52, 50; width of head, 11.5, 11, 10, 9.8, 9, 9; length of head to gular fold, 17, 15, 14.6, 13.2, 13.5, 12.5; snout to forearm, 22, 18.5, 17.8, 16.3, 16, 16; tail, 60.2, 54, 47.5, 41, 46, 46.5; axilla to groin, 41, 40.1, 35.2, 33.2, 28.8, 27.5; head length in length, 4.1 times; head width in length, 6 times; arm, 18.2, 17, 16, 13.8, 15.3, 13, 13; leg, 19.6, 18.8, 17, 15.5, 16, 14.3; maxillary-premaxillary teeth, 58-60, 48-48, 50-50, 43-44, 42-44, 40-40; vomerine teeth, 18-20, 18-18, 14-15, 16-16, 18-16, 11-12; mandi- bular teeth, 64-66, 45-?, 52-52, 45-45, 45-42, 41-42. Variations.—Variation in the paratype series is largely a matter of size (age). The teeth are more numerous in older specimens. The sex differ- ences are the actually longer limbs, shorter axilla to groin measurement in males, and the much greater subnarial swelling and fewer teeth. A sub- mental gland is present. Some of the specimens have the spotting obsolete, while others have the Taylor—Two Mexican Plethodontid Salamanders. 85 spots on body and sides as well as on tail. Certain young specimens have the vomerine teeth irregularly placed. The digits are flat, broad, rather rounding on the tip. If slightly de- hydrated they appear to have the web continued as a fringe to the tips. The gular groove can be traced to the dorsal surface in some specimens. Specimens captured by Mr. Roberts were found under stones above Pablillo, Galeana, N. L. Dr. Smith states, ‘‘The elevation at the Galeana locality is 5,200 ft. It was raining here when we got the salamanders, but the region has a semiarid appearance, with cactus and thorny scrubby shrubs. There is no grass.” BO /O Vol. 54, pp. 87-94 July 31, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON SOME MEXICAN FROGS. BY EDWARD H. TAYLOR. ie Herpetological collections made in Mexico during the summer of 1940, by my son Richard C. Taylor and myself, disclose the presence of two new Eleutherodactylid frogs in southern Mexico. The collections also show that the form Hylodes calcitrans Gunther synonymized with Eleutherodactylus mexi- canus (Brocchi) should be recognized as a distinct species; and furthermore that Borborocoetes mexicanus Boulenger is specifi- cally distinct from Hleutherodactylus mexicanus (Brocchi), but generically the same. Since the specific name is preoccupied, a new name is being proposed for the species. Microbatrachylus lineatissimus, sp. nov. Type-—EHT-HMS No. 24289, adult male, Cerro San Felipe, near Oaxaca, Oaxaca; elevation between 7,000 and 8,000 ft., July, 1940; E. H. Taylor and R. C. Taylor, Colls. Paratypes.—_KHT-HMS Nos. 24287, 24288, 24290. Same data as type. Diagnosis.—VTibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond tip of snout; vomerine teeth present, but extremely small, sometimes concealed, widely separated; no inner tarsal fold or tubercle; inner metatarsal tubercle rather large; inguinal gland very large, distinct, yellowish; two pairs of dorsal glandular folds continue nearly to end of the body; a fold from above tympanum continues some distance on the sides; between the middle pair of dorsal folds a faint median ridge present; between each middle fold and the dorsolateral fold another more or less discontinuous fold; first finger shorter than second. Description of the type-—Adult male. Head length (9.6 mm.) greater than width (8.5 mm.); interorbital distance (2 mm.) about equal to width of an eyelid (2.05 mm.); diameter of tympanum (2.95 mm.) greater than diameter of eye (2.65 mm.); eye to nostril, 2 mm.; eye to tip of snout, 3.95 mm.; distance between nostrils, 3 mm.; canthus well defined; lores sloping, slightly concave behind nostrils; length of snout, 3.8 mm. A faint 19—Proc. Brou. Soc. Wasn., Vou. 54, 1941. (87) r Rh 4 88 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. median ridge from snout to rump; beginning on top of eyelid at a large pustule is a glandular fold which passes with its fellow to rump where they may continue somewhat farther as a series of irregular tubercles; beginning on top of eyelid at a second tubercle is another less distinct, more or less discontinuous ridge, which parallels the other ridge and which can be traced to the sacral region; back of, and somewhat higher than the posterior corner of eye, a third lateral fold begins as a series as two or three tubercles and continues to the lumbar region where it terminates, its posterior end being elevated and curving outwards almost to groin; a heavy supratympanic fold continues above arm and may be traced some distance on side as a row of irregular tubercles; the flat inguinal gland that borders the thigh is about 2.5 x 2.5 mm., the outline not circular; axillary gland small, scarcely discernible from other tubercles save by the yellowish color; ventral disk distinct, smooth; the posterior border (seemingly) minutely in front of femur (attached on femur in paratypes); chin and throat smooth; postympanic fold not close to tympanum, thickened greatly above arm; a strong, elongate tubercle between tympanum and arm insertion; sides with numerous pustular tubercles; tympanum with a continuous, strongly raised rim, save on the upper edge, its distance from eye less than one-third of its diameter; choanae small, partially concealed by overhanging flange of jaw when seen from below; vomerine tooth patches faintly discernible, their distance from choanae greater than distance between them; tongue somewhat oval behind, not emarginate, narrowing in front; no vocal sacs. Arm moderately long, the subarticular tubercles well developed, and several supernumerary palmar tubercles; median palmar tubercle largest, confluent with the posterior part of the outer palmar tubercle; first finger shorter than second; a row of indistinct tubercles on under surface of arm; tips of digits thickened but only very slightly expanded; leg long, the tibio- tarsal articulation reaching much beyond the tip of snout; no inner tarsal fold or tubercle; a row of four tubercles on outer edge of tarsus; inner metatarsal tubercle large, oval, its length three-fourths to four-fifths the length of first toe; outer tubercle, nearly half size of inner, well defined, salient; third toe larger and very slightly longer than fifth; a few traces of supernumerary tubercles, but these are obsolete for most part; none or only faintest trace of web between digits; tibia and femur irregularly tubercular above, the larger granules forming irregular transverse rows when limbs are folded; when limbs are folded at right angles the heels overlap 214 mm.; ventral and inner posterior surface of femur largely granular. Coloration.—Gray to gray-brown above, with series of dim linear mark- ings, the most conspicuous being between the middle dorsal folds and separated by a hair-fine, lighter line; the outer edge of the dorsolateral fold is dark, with spots or flecks; a blackish line from snout to eye, and several black spots above and behind tympanum; lips with irregular darker spots; hind legs barred with darker; a white spot on dorsal surface of heel; sole and palm purplish, the tubercles whitish; chin, throat, and part of Taylor—Some Mexican Frogs. 89 abdominal surfaces with scattered dark pigment; groin and part of anterior femoral surface without pigment. Variation.—The paratypes agree in all essential details. Some differences in the shade of color are discernible and some of the specimens show faint dermal ridges on either side of the median line of the snout. In females the tympanum is a little smaller than eye, and the rim is less elevated. The inguinal glands may be a little smaller in females; the axillary gland is not discernible in one case. MEASUREMENTS (IN MM.): Microbatrachylus lineatissimus, sp. nov. Number—EHT-HMS .......... 24289 24288 24290 24287 HSC2>. che Wie nO Ne Sema ae of ot of of Snot; touvent:-20 2) 20 19 21 18.8 Widthiotjhead=s 2 eee 8.5 8 8.8 8.5 Length of head._...............--.--- 9.6 9 9.5 9 Diameter of eye..............-...--- 2.65 2.5 3 2.3 Diameter of tympanum..___. 2.95 2.65 2.9 2.6 Bye to mostril: 2220.26 4). 2 2.1 2 1.9 Length of snout_......--.-----..-.... 3.8 3.4 4 3.3 PAM Tees cessed Mesh e hk lo, 11 12 12 12 Nees Se NRG Rs ny, SO 39 35 39 34 AM Toye eked! ale We 28 oo 2 UN 13.1 11.3 12.8 ED Otte eis AL belts ie hee 16 16.2 15.8 16.1 Remarks.—This form agrees generically with Microbatrachylus save for the appearance of minute teeth. The presence or absence of teeth is variable in various Eleutherodactylid genera (notably Syrrhophus lato- dactylus where they are probably normally absent but occur occasionally, and Hleutherodactylus calcitrans where teeth are normally present but may be absent). The presence of vomerine teeth should not invalidate the recognition of the form as a member of the genus Microbatrachylus. In the absence of the tarsal fold, the presence of a large inguinal gland, the character of the ventral disk and the absence of vocal sacs, and presence of the heavily pigmented testicular sac, it agrees with other species of the genus. It is probable that the female will be found to be larger than the male and the tympanum will be proportionally smaller than in the male. Specimens were obtained in the edge of a cultivated field about sundown. They had apparently just entered the field from the adjoining forest. Two other species were found here, Microbatrachylus oaxacae Taylor and Eleutherodactylus mexicanus (Brocchi). Eleutherodactylus saltator, sp. nov. Type.—EHT-HMS No. 24301; adult female; Omilteme, Guerrero, about 8,000 ft.; August 2, 1940; E. H. Taylor Collector. Paratypes.—_EKHT-HMS Nos. 24293, 24298, 24299; same data; August 2-4, 1940. Diagnosis.—Related to EHleutherodactylus calcitrans but differing in 90 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. having much longer legs, the tibiotarsal articulation reaching much beyond tip of the snout instead of to eye or nostril; in having the inner metatarsal tubercle less than half the size; when the limbs are folded at right angles, the heels overlap much more; the terminal digital pads are larger than in calcitrans. No tubercle or fold on inner part of tarsus; length of body much less than length from vent to heel. Description of the type-—Adult female. Width of head (18.3 mm.); a little greater than length (16.5 mm.); tympanum a little higher than wide, its greatest diameter (vertical, 4 mm.) less than diameter of eye (4.7 mm.); distance of eye to nostril (4 mm.) less than eye; eye to tip of snout 7 mm.; distance between nostrils 4.9 mm.; length of snout 6.3 mm.; interorbital distance (4.9 mm.) greater than width of an eyelid (38.5 mm.). Skin above generally smooth with practically no trace of dorsal folds, but with very minute granules visible (under lens) posteriorly; a fold above tympanum continues to above arm; a downward branch of this fold con- tinues down and back, terminating above arm; fold covers upper edge of tympanum; two small tubercles between tympanum and arm; canthus distinct, moderately sharp; the lores sloping somewhat, concave behind nostril; snout oval, rather pointed; sides of body with some rugosities; ventral surfaces of chin and venter smooth; inguinal gland distinct, yellow- ish. Choanae rather large, not concealed by overhanging shelf of jaw; vomer- ine teeth in two small diagonal groups separated by a distance greater than half their length; they lie behind, and within level of choanae and send a slight ridge toward their inner edge; tongue large, somewhat subcircular, lacking posterior emargination; vocal sacs apparently absent in males; membranes of mouth show much grooving; palate with minute granules or papules. Arm relatively short, the wrist not reaching beyond tip of snout; no tubercles under forearm; the large median palmar tubercle partially con- fluent with the smaller outer palmar tubercle, the inner nearly as large as middle one; supernumerary palmar tubercles low; subarticular tubercles large; digital dilations of finger less than toes, the transverse terminal grooves probably indistinct or wanting (unless digit is slightly dried); first finger slightly shorter than second; leg very long, when folded at right angles to body the heels overlap 4 mm.; tibiotarsal articulation reaches beyond tip of snout, a distance equal to the length of the snout; no inner tarsal fold or tubercle; four very dim outer tubercles on tarsus; third and fifth toes reach forward same distance; inner metatarsal tubercle elongate, oval, its length contained once and a half in length of the first toe; sub- articular tubercles prominent; a single supernumerary tubercle indicated (under magnification two or three can be discerned in some of the para- types); part of ventral and posterior surfaces of femur granular; ventral disk strongly indicated, but the posterior limit is not distinct. Color.—Above variegated lavender, growing more dense and darker on head; loreal region dark, with some spots below canthus and on lips; a dark stripe from eye follows the supratympanic fold; arms and legs barred dimly; surface of hands and feet purplish, the edges of the digit slighter; Taylor—Some Mexican Frogs. 91 tubercles on digits purplish; flesh-white below, with a scattering of pigment, heaviest on chin; posterior surface of femur well pigmented. MEASUREMENTS OF Eleutherodactylus saltator IN MM. IV ra oer ese e es e ea ee 24301 24299 24293 24298 ><), Gee a ER SS oS Se 2 g 2 of MOU CO) VENb sce ccs $f 29 32 22 Waoth of Ihead! t:2 2 oe 18.3 12 12.8 9 Length of head__...................- 16.5 12.9 13.5 10 Diameter of tympanum (Vertical) Sate 4 3 3 3 Diameter of eye (long.) _.-.... 4.7 3.8 4 3 Myerto nostril 2 227 + 3 3.5 2.5 Length of snout...................-- 6.3 5 5.2 4 LSC Te ie ek ana ep CERT 26.2 18.5 19 14.5 Leto 2 say oN A ae a Re 86 58 63 42.2 LET cy Fen Ag We SH le See 28 20 21 14 1 P00) Fane eA saat A aie eae 37 24 27 19.6 Remarks.—This very distinctive form, resembling superficially the Eleutherodactylus calcitrans was taken near the mountain summits (8,000 ft.) in the region about Omilteme. The very long limb, and the reduced inner metatarsal tubercle will serve readily to distinguish the two forms. I thought at first that the Syrrhophus omiltemanus Giinther might be identified with this form. The fact that the abdomen is described as “coarsely granular” and ‘‘one metatarsal tubercle,” ‘“‘disks of fingers and toes exceedingly small” point to the strong probability that it is a young E. calcitrans. Kellogg, Bull. 160, U.S.N.M., p. 108 states, regarding S. omiltemanus that “the hind limb being carried forward along the body, the tibiotarsal joint reaches to between eye and end of snout,’ showing a shorter leg than this species. I strongly suspect that the genus Microbatrachylus approaches the genus Eleutherodactylus, through this form. The testes of the male are black, and the position of the termination of the ventral disk can not be deter- mined. It may be necessary when more is known about this form to refer it to Microbatrachylus. Eleutherodactylus occidentalis, nov. nom. Borborocoetes mexicanus Boulenger (nec. Leuiperus mexicanus Brocchi). Proc. Zool. Soc. London, June 7, 1898, pp. 477, 481, pl. 39, fig. 2, 2a (Type description; type locality, Hacienda el Florencio, Zacatecas, México, A. C. Buller Coll.); Ginther, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Rept. Batr., April, 1900, p. 215 (part). Eleutherodactylus mexicanus Kellogg (part.), Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 160, 1932, pp. 98-99, 108-112. This group of Eleutherodactylid frogs is somewhat confused, owing to the fact that two of the species have been named mezxicanus and placed in two 92 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. different genera. That the two species in question are closely related, has been noted by various authors, who have realized that the presence or absence of vomerine teeth was a poor character for the establishing of generic groups. Unfortunately the exact type locality of Leuiperus mexicanus Brocchi is not known. The collector, M. Boucard was known to have collected in southeastern Mexico, so it seems likely that the type came from southern Veracruz, Oaxaca, or Chiapas. A comparison of the western Mexican forms of this group with those from the southeast show very distinct differences, chief of which are that the western specimens have the first finger much longer than second; the vomerine teeth well developed; the inner metatarsal tubercle very large and strongly compressed; and vocal sacs present. None of these characters are true of the type description of Lewiperus mexicanus nor of specimens from Oaxaca which I have referred to the species. In these, the first finger is equal to or shorter than, the second; the metatarsal tubercle is rounded or oval and not compressed; vomerine teeth small or absent, and the limb relatively longer than in the preceding species. In consequence of these differences I am proposing a name for the western form since the name it now bears is preoccupied. The following key will serve to distinguish the four species of the mexicanus group: Mexicanus Group or THE GENUS Eleutherodactylus. This group of four species is characterized by a rather large inguinal gland; a very large inner metatarsal tubercle; the almost complete absence of supernumerary tubercles on sole (save in occidentalis); complete absence of webs; no trace of inner tarsal fold or tubercle; vocal sacs usually absent (present in occidentalis); vomerine teeth present or absent, usually present but weak. Key. A. First finger longer than second; inner metatarsal tubercle strongly compressed, nearly equal to length of first toe; outer tubercle small, about one-fifth size of inner; tibio- tarsal articulation reaches to near nostril; when limbs are folded, heels overlap about two or three millimeters; some supernumerary tubercles on sole and palm; no outer palmar tubercle or pad; tubercles, including those under digits white or cream in color; fifth toe shorter than third, not reaching so far forward; vomerine teeth well-developed; males with vocal sacs; belly smooth, generally; posterior buccal membranes grooved and more or less papillate; testicular membrane white; States of Michoacan, Jalisco, and Nayarit, dra Mlexa Co ce Mit Ay ay NCA URIS CE Rice E. occidentalis nov. nom. Taylor—Some Mexican Frogs. AA. First finger shorter than (rarely equal) to second; inner metatarsal tubercle not compressed. B. BB. Tibiotarsal articulation reaches to eye; heels separated two or three millimeters when limbs are folded; fifth toe much shorter than third, reaching forward a shorter distance; inner metatarsal tubercle large, broad and oval, a little shorter than first toe; outer meta- tarsal tubercle one-fifth of inner; supernumerary tubercles obsolete, on sole, some present on palm; a small outer palmar tubercle touching the median; subarticular tubercles on hand and inner metatarsal tubercle, cream or white, others purplish or dark gray; belly and (sometimes) chin, granular; vomerine teeth present, small, weak; testicular membrane white; buccal membranes grooved or folded strongly, papil- late posteriorly; no vocal sacs; skin minutely granular, with some traces of folds; ventral disk distinct; Omilteme, Guerrero (probably also higher parts of the western part of the Sierra Madre del Sur range). 93 E. calcitrans (Giinther) Tibiotarsal articulation reaching much beyond tip of snout. C. Inner metatarsal tubercle much smaller than in calcitrans or occidentalis, oval, less than three-fourths the length of first toe; outer tubercle about one-third size of inner; supernumerary tubercles on palms, none on feet; outer palmar tubercle distinct but fused to the middle one; vomerine teeth small or moderately distinct; palatal mem- branes folded and _ papillate posteriorly; metatarsal and subarticular tubercles dark gray to purplish; fifth toe extends as far forward as the third; when limbs are folded, the heels overlap four or five millimeters; belly smooth; disk more or less distinct; tips of digits somewhat more dilated than in calci- trans; inguinal gland yellowish; testicular membrane black; male lacking a vocal sac; skin generally smooth with practically no trace of dorsal folds, but traces of granulation posteriorly seen under lens; Omilteme, Guer- rero (probably also the higher parts of the Sierra Madre del Sur range in Guerrero)... E. saltator, sp. nov. CC. Inner metatarsal tubercle large, double the size of that in saltator, and somewhat differ- ently shaped; outer tubercle also relatively 94 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. large, about one third inner; heels overlap slightly when limbs are folded; a large outer palmar tubercle or callosity in contact, or partially fused with the middle one; no trace of transverse grooves at tip of digits; skin finely granulate or corrugated; ventral disk slightly areolated on outer edge, with some posterior wrinkling; a row of small tubercles on outer edge of tarsus; vomerine teeth reduced or absent; no trace of transverse terminal grooves on digital pads; vocal sacs ab- sent?; Oaxaca and probably Southern Vera- cruz and Chiapas..__............. _E. mexicanus (Brocchi) P.06/3 Vol. 54, pp. 95-108 July 31, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON INSULARITY IN THE GENUS SOREX ON THE NORTH COAST OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. BY IAN McTAGGART COWAN, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancowver, B. C. During the summers of 1937, 1938 and 1939 Mr. and Mrs. T. T. McCabe, together with, in the latter year, I. MeT. Cowan and P. W. Martin, conducted an extensive reconnaissance of the mammalian inhabitants of certain of the islands off the coast of British Columbia between Queen Charlotte Sound and Dixon Entrance, that is, roughly, between 51° and 54° north latitude. The field work was devoted primarily to securing specimens of Peromys- cus, but many other species were obtained, and among these two hundred and eighty-seven shrews. These shrews display certain features of signifi- cance in a study of insularity that are reported upon here. The geologic history, fauna, flora and climatic features of the area are being dealt with fully in the report upon the Peromyscus obtained. How- ever, in brief, the inner islands collected upon lie close to the coast, often separated from the continent by straits of a mile or two in width, and seldom more than five or six miles. The outer islands may be twice that distance from the mainland. The climate is mild and excessively humid, rainfall varies from sixty to two hundred or more inches per annum, and snow is almost unknown at sea level. The islands are heavily timbered marginally and sometimes throughout but more often there are large muskegs in the interiors. For the most part the small mammal fauna is confined to the beaches. So far as has been established the islands were completely glaciated and this until a comparatively recent date. Geologists agree that ten thousand years is probably a useful approximation of the time that has elapsed since the islands and adjoining coast became habitable again. It is possible that certain of the islands were populated by glacier trans- ported debris containing small mammals. Mountain glaciers descending 1A contribution from the British Columbia Provincial Museum. 20—Proc. Biou. Soc. WasH., Vou. 54, 1941. (95) AUG e 96 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. to salt water must have persisted long after the area in general was inhabited by the reinvading mammal populations. However, our observations tend to support the theory that colonization was by means of the huge rafts of logs and debris that annually slip from the precipitous and water sodden hillsides and float out to sea. Investigations of the oceanic and in-shore currents and residual surface drift carried out by the International Fisheries Commission (1936) have revealed that the drift is on shore and northward so that there are good chances that many animals cast adrift on these huge rafts find their way to the islands or mainland a greater or shorter distance to the north of the point of origin. The chances of each individual island receiving a given species would seemingly then vary with the abundance of the species in the forested habitat type providing the material for the land-slide, the set of local winds and currents, the size of the island and its distance from the point of origin of the slide. We have found certain suitable islands that so far as we could determine are still without a mammal population of any kind. The distribution of all the species encountered will be dealt with in another paper. Measurements are those used by Jackson (1928 : 13) and were taken in the same way. Collections of shrews were made on the mainland coast at Schooner Passage, Fitzhugh Sound, Koeye River, Neckis River and Lowe Inlet, and on the following islands: Princess Royal, Swindle, Yeo, Pitt, Campbell, Horsfall, Townsend, Smythe, Reginald, Dufferin, Porcher, Banks, Hunter, Spider, Campania, Calvert, Estevan, McCauley, Goose and Hecate. In addition traps were set on Table, Moore, north Estevan and Aristazable islands but no shrews were obtained. While it is difficult to be sure of a negative result we feel reasonably confident that shrews were not present on these islands at the time we trapped there. Three species of shrews were found by us in the coastal part of British Columbia between latitudes 51° north and 54° north. Of these Sorex palustris was taken once only, at Neckis River, on the mainland coast, and not at all on the islands. Sorex cinereus was not abundant. Specimens were taken at Neckis River on the mainland, and on Princess Royal, Yeo, Pitt, Campbell, Townsend, Smythe, Hunter, and Spider islands. Even where they did occur they were much less abundant than the next species and we were unable to obtain series adequate for a study of geographic variation. Five specimens taken on Pitt Island, nine on Yeo Island, seven on Campbell Island and five on Spider Island, were the largest series obtained. In view of this rarity we can not assume that S. cinereus was not present on many of the islands upon which we did not take it. However, sufficient trapping was done on Calvert Island to warrant the assumption that at least until 1939 the species was absent from that island. Sorex obscurus was next to Peromyscus, the most abundant and wide- spread species of small mammal. It was taken at every trapping station on the mainland and on every island upon which shrews were taken. Cowan—Insularity in the Genus Sorex. 97 On Spider Island we found Sorex obscurus and S. cinereus but no Pero- myscus. On Moore, Aristazable and Table islands Peromyscus were abundant and shrews apparently absent. The forty-three specimens of Sorex cinereus streatort taken display re- markable uniformity. In this species there is apparently marked change in pelage color during the course of the summer, but wherever series are available we can discern no differences between comparable populations attributable to geographic location. Either this species is of recent arrival upon the islands and has not yet had time to respond to the action of isolation or it is a stable species producing little material for selective influences to segregate. Sorex obscurus, however, exhibits several note- worthy variant populations. The three mainland collecting stations Koeye River, Neckis River and Lowe Inlet are separated by many miles of tortuous, precipitous coast in which several rivers and many extensive inlets penetrate from the humid outer coast climate to a less humid inland climate. The southernmost station, Koeye River, is approximately one hundred and fifty miles in a straight line from Lowe Inlet but in actual coast line distance perhaps six to eight times farther. It is interesting to note, therefore, that a comparison of the series of S. obscurus from these three places reveals no significant differences. The Lowe Inlet series averages slightly paler than that from Koeye River, but with this exception the population of the mainland is essentially homogeneous from Rivers Inlet to the Skeena River. Specimens in the National Museum of Canada from the mainland south of our area at points on Kincome Inlet, Loughborough Inlet and Bute Inlet indicate a gradual transition in this region from the Sorex obscurus longicauda type of the coast north of Rivers Inlet to the S. o. setosus type of southwestern British Columbia. In view of the homogeneity found to exist on the mainland coastal area under study I have felt justified in combining the series from the three mainland stations. Figures hereafter stated as representing the mainland population are derived from the combined data of eleven adults of both sexes from Koeye River, eight adults from Neckis River, and seven from Lowe Inlet. The low values of the coefficient of variability shown by the various measured features in this mainland series is further evidence of the homogeneous nature of the sample. Since the major objective of the field work on the islands was the securing of adequate series of Peromyscus the Sorex material here reported upon was captured incidentally. For this reason many of the islands are represented by but a small number of specimens and the removal from these small series of the sub-adult individuals leaves too few specimens to be of signifi- cance in a study of geographic variation. This is the case with all the islands except Calvert, Banks, Spider, Hunter, Yeo, Smythe, Reginald and Townsend. On the basis of the material assembled by us it seems possible to divide the shrews of the species S. obscwrus on the coast and islands of British Columbia between Queen Charlotte Sound and Dixon Entrance into three 98 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. geographic races each differing significantly in several features from the inhabitants of adjoining areas. There are also certain insular populations that differ slightly from those inhabiting adjacent land masses but not to a degree, in our estimation, that their designation by a separate subspecific name would serve any useful purpose. We regard these as incipient races, and from the long-time viewpoint, they may well provide useful data on the rapidity with which evolutionary changes take place. The Mainland population.—Sorex obscurus longicauda. We have not examined either the type or topotypes of longicauda in comparison with our series but follow Jackson in applying this name to the mainland coastal population. Measurements, cranial and external, of this population are given in Table 1. The winter pelage of longicauda as represented by specimens from Koeye River taken July 14, 1939, is the darkest we have seen on any shrew of the species obscurus. Ground color of dorsal surface and sides closest to Blackish Mouse Gray with a smattering of silver-tipped hairs and some dull brownish tipping probably the result of wear but possibly intrinsic. Head slightly more brownish; ears Bister and in strong contrast. Underparts Mouse Gray; tail monocolor, somewhat darker than Warm Sepia; feet same astail. A single male taken October 12, 1938, at Tom Bay, Mathieson Channel, is the only specimen in winter pelage from the northern end of the area. It is paler than the palest of the Koeye River series. Summer ‘pelage.—Dorsal surface between Clove Brown and Olive Brown, paling slightly on sides and passing abruptly into the color of the under- parts which in general effect approximate Hair Brown. Tail bicolor, above between Natal Brown and Bone Brown, paler below; feet same as under side of tail. Lowe Inlet specimens as a series tend to be just perceptibly paler than those from the two more southerly localities. Shrews that I am unable to differentiate from the mainland type seem to constitute the populations on Goose, Horsfall, Pitt, Princess Royal, McCauley, Chatfield and Dufferin islands. However, in nearly every case the series from these islands are small and it may well be that the acquisi- tion of further material will reveal demonstrable differences between the populations of some of these islands and that of the mainland. Across Fitzhugh Sound from the mainland locality of Koeye River is Calvert Island. This is a large island, approximately eighteen miles by eight miles in extreme distances. It is heavily wooded for the most part with a central mountain of two thousand feet altitude. Upon this island there is a population of Sorex obscurus differing in remarkable degree from that of the mainland. The summer pelage of the Calvert Island shrews, as represented by ten specimens taken between April 19 to July 14, 1937 and 1939, is much paler than the corresponding pelage in mainland specimens. Here the upperparts are between Saccardo’s Umber and Bister; underparts, tail and feet paler, not essentially different from winter pelage except that the tawny wash present in winter is more pronounced in summer. In color of dorsum specimens in summer pelage from Calvert Island are hardly distinguishable Cowan—Insularity in the Genus Sorex. 99 from specimens of S. 0. setosus from Vancouver, B. C., but the underparts differ in being tawny rather than whitish. The winter pelage is represented by eight specimens taken between May 18 and June 14, 1937. Dorsal coloration is between Hair Brown and Deep Mouse Gray, very much paler than the corresponding pelage of the main- land population; head and sides slightly more brownish; underparts grayish- white washed with pale buff. The tail and feet of Calvert Island specimens in winter pelage are markedly paler than even the summer color of these members in longicauda. The winter pelages as represented in our series of longicauda from Koeye River and Calvert Island shrews from Safety Cove show no overlap and can be picked out with one hundred per cent accuracy from a mixed series. The contrast is almost identical in degree with the color differences in winter pelage between S. o. obscurus and S. palustris navigator. External measurements.—Specimens of Sorex obscurus from Calvert Island are smaller than longicauda and have a shorter tail and smaller hind foot. Actual values for these measurements can be obtained in comparison of tables 1 and 2. The value of P for total length and length of tail is in each instance much less than .01 revealing these differences as significant. Length of hind foot though is less than .02 and only just greater than .01, consequently though the difference is probably significant it can not be demonstrated as positively so on the existing series. Cranial measurements.—The mean values of all six cranial measurements are smaller on Calvert Island than in longicauda. Condylobasal length (t =6.67), cranial breadth (t =4.1), maxillary breadth (t =4.75) and length of maxillary tooth row (5=5.02) in each case have a value of P much less than .01 and are significantly smaller in the insular race. Palatal length is possibly significant. Thus in the nine measured features the shrews of Calvert Island are significantly smaller than longicauda in six, and possibly so in another two. This coupled with the outstanding color differences provides an unusually well characterized race isolated on a single island removed from the main- land by a body of water about four miles across. It would be interesting to know the nature of the shrew population on Hecate Island which is separated from Calvert Island by a comparatively quiet channel in places not much over one-half mile in width. Our sole specimen from Hecate Island is smaller and more pallid than any of those taken on Calvert Island. On Banks Island 120 miles north of Calvert Island we have found a population of Sorex obscurus virtually indistinguishable from that of Calvert Island. In winter pelage the Banks Island shrews are almost if not quite indis- tinguishable from those of the Calvert Island race. The summer pelage, however, is somewhat paler on Banks Island. As is the case with the Calvert Island population that of Banks Island is significantly smaller than longicauda in the following measured skull features, condylobasal length (t=9), palatal length (t=3.4), craniay breadth (t=5.15), maxillary breadth (t=5.99) and length of tooth row 100 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. (t=4.74). As may be seen in comparison of tables 1, 2 and 4 the Banks Island shrews have the skulls smaller even than those of the Calvert Island race. This difference, however, is slight and in only one feature, condy- lobasal length, is it significant. Banks Island shrews are significantly shorter than longicauda with shorter tail and smaller hind foot. In these features they agree closely with the Calvert Island race as also they do in proportion of tail length to body length. This proportion is seventy-six per cent in the Calvert Island shrews, seventy-seven per cent in the Banks Island series, whereas that of longicauda is eighty-six per cent. Strictly on the basis of our series we can differentiate the shrews of Banks Island from those of Calvert Island only on the basis of shorter condylobasal length (there is but one overlapping specimen) and by possibly paler summer pelage. Our series of specimens from Banks Island is, how- ever, very small and with a more adequate sample it might be possible to establish the existence of other differences. These two closely similar populations inhabit islands separated by over one hundred and twenty miles of turbulent water set with a maze of large and small islands populated by shrews of very different character. On strictly theoretical grounds this situation is open to several interpre- tations but most of these are for various biologic reasons extremely im- probable. It is possible that convergent changes from a dark pelaged, long-tailed ancestral colonizing stock of mainland origin have through the years given rise to the present status quo; that the dark pelaged coastal race sponsored by the selective potential of insular isolation has fostered the selection of similar mutations on both islands. The multiplicity of the mutations that must of necessity be involved reflects considerable doubt upon the proba- bility of this explanation being the true one. On the other hand it would seem more probable that the coastal mainland population has changed genotypically and phenotypically from its original form. Certainly if the reinvasion of the territory subsequent to the ice withdrawal was at all rapid it may well be that the stock that first inhabited the mainland coast differed little from the race we now know as S. o. obscurus, itself a relatively stable and adaptable type, and that the more successful race longicauda has arisen in situ subsequently and has not since been able to establish itself on Banks and Calvert islands. The two insular populations under discussion do indeed bear closer resemblance to S. o. obscurus then they do to S. o. longicauda. From this approach it is possible that Banks Island and Calvert Island were colonized at the time the mainland was reinhabited and though their shrew population since then has undergone minor changes these have not yet been of a kind or magnitude to render the two insular populations markedly dissimilar. A further insular population well differentiated from that of the mainland inhabits Smythe, Townsend and Reginald islands of the Bardswell group. The summer pelage of this shrew is almost indistinguishable from the Cowan—Insularity in the Genus Sorex. 101 corresponding pelage of longicauda but the insular shrews are much browner in winter and lack the blue-black cast of the mainland race. Furthermore the Bardswell islands’ shrew is smaller, with shorter tail and hind foot, the difference in each case being significant. In external measurements this population agrees closely with that of Calvert Island. Like the Calvert population the tail averages seventy-seven per cent rather than eighty-six per cent of body length. Cranially the Bardswell shrews have condylobasal length and tooth row significantly shorter (P=less than .01). At the same time cranial breadth, interorbital breadth, and maxillary breadth are the same as in longicauda. Thus the insular population has a relatively shorter, broader skull. The Bardswell population differs significantly from the Calvert Island population in greater maxillary breadth and cranial breadth, reflecting a relatively and actually broader rostrum and brain case. Of the other islands in the Bardswell group we have Sorex obscurus from Dufferin and Horsfall. The two specimens from Dufferin, an island separ- ated from Smythe Island by a channel only a few hundred yards wide, are in all respects indistinguishable from longicauda. Those from Horsfall, on the mainland side of Dufferin have characters approximately mid-way between longicauda and the Bardswell population in respect to externals. Cranially condylobasal length agrees with the latter, palatal length is greater than either and the other measured features are indeterminate. In addition to the well:differentiated insular populations described above we have found several islands upon which the shrews differ from those on the mainland in one or two features. In this category is the population on Spider Island and closely adjoining Hunter and Ruth islands. The shrews on this group of islands resemble those on the Bardswells in color, differing from the mainland population (longicauda) in much browner winter pelage and in darker summer pelage. In fact this pelage is on these islands the darkest of any taken by us. Total length is much the same in the Spider-Hunter population and longicauda, but tail length and length of hind foot are less though not significantly so. The tail is significantly shorter in comparison with body length, tail length is seventy-five per cent of body length on Spider Island, eighty-six per cent in longicauda. This difference is the product of the longer body and shorter tail of the Spider Island shrews. They are in these features intermediate between longicauda and the Bardswell type. As regards skull measure- ments the Spider-Hunter population is virtually identical with longicauda except in two features, condylobasal length which is less, not significantly so, and interorbital width which is significantly greater. In the first of these the condition is intermediate between the Bardswell shrew and longicauda as were departures from the mean of longicauda in external measurements. The broad interorbital region, however, is unique. Of all the insular populations examined Yeo is the sole island upon which the shrews comprising our series are larger, with longer tails than longicauda, the differences, however, are small and not significant and the cranial dimensions are identical. Color, too, is indistinguishable from that of 102 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. longicauda at least as regards summer pelage. The winter pelage on Yeo Island is not known to us. The small series of five adults from Campbell Island is externally the same as longicauda except that the hind foot is slightly shorter. The winter pelage is unknown. Cranial measurements while not significantly different from those of longicauda in any feature have the mean of condylobasal length less and that of palatal length and interorbital breadth greater. This if confirmed by further specimens is a unique departure from the hypothetical parent stock, at least as far as our investigations have taken us. Our series of seven shrews from West Estevan Island contains but three adults. The measurements of these suggest that the shrew population of this island may constitute a well-marked race, but our material is too meagre to establish this one way or another. Though the number of islands from which any sort of series are available is unfortunately small, we can never- theless derive some information on the generalities of the results of insular isolation on Sorex obscurus. Of the nine measurable characters used in this study length of tail, length of hind foot and condylobasal length of skull are the most prone to vary geographically. The insular populations, where they differ in any important degree, have these features less in size than on the mainland. In no case have we found an insular population with significantly longer tail and longer hind foot than the shrews of the adjoin. ing mainland area. The differentiated insular populations have the tails relatively shorter in comparison with body length. On Spider Island this is not accompanied by shorter body length, but on the Bardswells, Calvert and Banks it is. Actual values for this proportion are mainland eighty-six per cent, Yeo Island eighty-eight per cent, Spider Island seventy-five per cent, Bardswells seventy-seven per cent, Calvert seventy-six per cent, Banks seventy-seven per cent. In general we have found that this shrew living under insular conditions tends to develop shorter body, tail and hind foot and a skull smaller in all features but interorbital breadth. This is stable and in all but one insular population is the same as in the mainland population. On Spider Island, however, interorbital width of the insular population is significantly greater than that of the mainland shrews. Color apparently varies in haphazard fashion. In the area studied we can find no evidence of change latitudinally. In the absence of any direct evidence from breeding experiments we must endeavor to determine by other means whether the differences recorded above are genetic or merely the response of the soma of the individual to the environment. There are several well known cases which might support the latter view. Thus several cervid species are known to respond to insularity by size decrease and by stunting of the preorbital portion of the skull. Huxley (1932) dealt with Cervus elaphus in this regard and Cowan (1936) with Odocoileus. In both these instances experiment has proven that the size differences at least are not genetic and that the skull differences are at least in large part the result of heterogony. How these changes are occasioned is not known but in Odocotleus on the Cowan—Insularity in the Genus Sorex. 103 coast of British Columbia the intensity of the effect seems to depend on the size of the island. The presence of a natural predator appears to retard or inhibit the reduction in size. However, if the size differences observed on certain of the islands are the direct result of environmental action upon the soma of each individual it is difficult to account for the presence of differentiated and undifferenti- ated populations living on islands of identical type separated by but a very narrow water barrier. It is equally difficult to account for the varied pelage colors displayed by the different populations on closely adjoining islands. Therefore it seems more logical to assume that the observed differences are due to the building up of forms with superior viability under the selec- tive conditions imposed by insular isolation. The evidence set forth demonstrates the presence in the area under study of three well-characterized forms. One on the mainland coast, for which I am using the name longicauda and two unnamed insular races. For the latter I propose the following names. Sorex obscurus calvertensis, subsp. nov. Type.—Male adult, number 1947, British Columbia Provincial Museum; taken July 14, 1937, at Safety Cove, Calvert Island, B. C., by T. T. and E. B. McCabe. Distribution.—Calvert Island and Banks Island, B. C. Diagnosis.—Smaller, with shorter tail and hind foot and with skull significantly smaller in condylobasal length, cranial breadth, maxillary breadth and length of upper tooth row than corresponding measurements of longicauda. Coat color much paler both summer and winter than longicauda. For more extended description see above. Specimens examined.—Calvert Island: Safety Cove 23, Kwakshua 2. Banks Island: Larson Harbour 9. Remarks.—As has already been stated even our small series from Banks Island differs in two particulars from the Calvert Island population, signifi- cantly in condylobasal length and slightly in color of summer pelage. The color differences could conceivably be the result of pelage wear and bleach- ing. Our Banks Island series also suggests that there may be certain other features in which the shrews from this island differ from calvertensis. However, the designation of the Banks Island population as a separate race is not justified on the basis of existing material. In the meantime we feel that the assignment of the Banks Island population to calvertensis with the admission that it is at least a nascent race, best expresses the status quo and emphasizes the essential similarity existing between the shrews of the species S. obscurus occurring on Banks Island and Calvert Island. Sorex obscurus insularis, subsp. nov. Type.—Adult female, number 3110 British Columbia Provincial Museum, taken August 24, 1938, on Smythe Island, Bardswell group, B. C., by T. T. and E. B. McCabe. Distribution.—Smythe, Townsend and Reginald Islands, B. C. 104 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Diagnosis.—Compared with calvertensis and longicauda winter pelage is brown rather than gray or blackish. Total length, tail and hind foot significantly less than in longicauda but not differing from calvertensis. Skull of insularis is significantly smaller than longicauda in condylobasal length and tooth row, and greater than calvertensis in maxillary breadth and cranial breadth. A more extended description is given earlier in this paper. Specimens examined.—Smythe Island 29, Townsend Island 31, Reginald Island 8. Besides these well differentiated races our collections indicate a race in the nascent state on Spider Island and possibly others on one or two islands from which our material is too scant to be informative. LITERATURE CITED. Jackson, H. H. T., A taxonomic review of the American long-tailed shrews. N. Am. Fauna No. 51, 1928; VI + 1-238. Tuompson, W. F. and Van Creve, R., Life history of the Pacific halibut, Rept. Int. Fisheries Comm. No. 9, 1936 : 1-184. rrr nnn nn EE EEE 19 ae gzo° 99% #10" -¥ 981° ZL -9'9 ZOO se 2 aes ee eee AOI 4300], 6 266° FHT 910° +290 Cc cia 620" FS ~~ agpeeiq ATeypXe yy 6 Sel 18S 890° +9 Ly -8e SS0e soir] = |i Q}PIA [8}Iq1010}0T 6 #86 =LZT GcO” Oo FIT Z6 -8'8 Oyety ose(te —- — “YIpBeiq [eMUBIg 6 Ors + T ScOrs Uh SL GL SOCO ee ee yqsug] [eye[Bg or 80h + Esl 910° OPE V6I —0'8T SIL +9 8T —~yysue] [eseqo;Apuoy Or Gh6 ISP Srl == Ee9 o> Vi Oca. oT 300} pul Or 06> +Z0F Gog’ = ES 89 - 8g ORnee 20) eee Se es eL or 16 +LOV col + LVS GhL — PT Lies Pelee ee yyBug] [BIOL ‘puBIs] 08 A—DpnvI1BU0] snunosgo xaLoy—Z WIV L, Cowan—Insularity in the Genus Sorex. ¥Z FSE0' SHS 1bZ0" = ILV @L -9'9 CEO SO) | eres MOI YOO], FZ 9140 + SE 1820" 821° 09 -0'¢ Fr9E0° + HS ~~ ygpeeiq ATE EXe yy GZ c6s’ + 02'F FPZ0 SLT 9F -68 TECOe ee Lee a le QIPIA [e}1q1019}UT 16 11g +&SlZ 820° + F6T 26 G's LGG0e = == 0G | ee Ygpveiqg [eIaeID GZ 1) ES OR 9¢¢0° + 292° TS WL GOGO <2 |e yysug] [epee ¥ sol +9OLT Z0E0" * 606 0'6L -3'8T €h0" +9'ST ~~ yyBuey [eseqo,Apuoy 9% GOL’ 80'S SOL +82 LI - &1 COT P61 |e eee yoo} pulpy 9% FIL +028 089° +88'F 89 — 6F SORT s=s BGG Se | ee EL ¥G LZL = F0'S Gh6 + FG'9 PPL — GIL Poul OST fea stapes yyBue] [BOY BS iC ks G ALITIGVIN NOILVIAGD sa N 0 RESIS) eaaniaS) BONN el YEN Pi YS ae a an ee De ee ee a “ppnvorbu0) snunosqo xalog—] AIA J, 106 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. G 89° =F1LS ChO’ = IFT 89 -<'9 $90 53500 SaaS MOL YOO], G 60F +621 ZO’ = 290° 0S -6>T 820° +6'P “= —gapBeriq ATETIXBIA G CG L+=88'P 790 = Z Pr -Se COE ae YApvoiq [VpIq1o1eyUT G Cro’ =F0% cco’ =&lI" LS -Zs8 QO ae Gg | ee Yppeeiq [eIUBID G Gey eo xy sac VL -@L C0 Oy ee Se YASug] [e}eled G 1S = FL9° 880° = SIT 621 -9'L1 60 | Yysug] [eseqo[ApuoD, Gc 101 = GE GPL LOY FL — SI (ae jee ee 400} pulpy c EG l +PST 18° += GGzZ cc - 6F Vice eG ae Yysug] [re J, G rer = LET eG = 19'T PEL — LIT Gy = Cla | eet qySug] [80], “puvysy SYUVG—stsuaplan]09 SNuNISgO LALOV—fH AIAV J, Al 910° = FCS 1g0° =O0ST" 69 -F9 CTO a0 | es ees MOL Y}OOT, ral ¢90° + 9T'E ee0° = 191° PS -6F 10 = eG | eee Yypeeiq Arey Xe ral me SELIG 810° = 280° Cr -6E SOE 04 | Se UIPIM [B}IqG1010} 0] OL 940° 90% OFO’ +621" 06 -¥8 Se Yypeesq [vIUeID ol €0r +161 080° = LPT’ 82 -f2 CRO Se Ca | ees yysugy [eyeed O1 610° + 0F8 20° =2eT PSI -6L1 She eel = qysue] peseqo[Apuod roa 908° OL? FSIT = 09° Gl = $I COR = a yoo} pur SI 0c9’ +08's Ics =82'T 8G - zg HOF ieee at Se ane ee See ee EeL eT 918° =SIT 186° = 10'S 6ZI — 60T GSS OC eee qysuIy [VIO], qa ALITIAVIUV A NOILVIAGC “WON LO LNAIIMAGOD quvy GNVLG Oecd ATET IN RENAE NTS ‘PURIST JAOATRQ—SisuaziaayDI SnNUNISgO XaL0G—E WIA J, > S_ ¥S 636° * GES 020° 806° So) Ss ADE SOG FS Yipsoiq [eluvI) <= gg BOG =F PEG L10° ¥8ZLT" 08 —-E2Z DEG rst 0 2 ee een a ena eee yasugy [eee l gg Sst += 68T bE0" GGG" L8t -LL1 AS Ue GaGa po | qysua] [eseqo[Apuop 8 = Gg 168 + 96:¢ 8S0° = 229° SI etal! OSS FOU ea ae ee ees 400} pur o Og 08h + O8F ISG = 19°C 89 — 9F CCP leas alt) BAS Pie aia |e See Rs | qysuey] [BL OS lth + IVP Leg’ = Les 143) ie 18 OO 2 SAE GGG Lise | eg YySug] [VOL uaa ALIVILIGVIUY A NOILVIAGG -WON 40 LINAIOIMIHOD dquvaNnvig Bosal pI iced "SLUDINSUL SNUNISYO XALOG—G AIA], Vol. 54, pp. 109-114 September 30, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WA THREE NEW WOLVES FROM NORTH AMERICA. BY E. A. GOLDMAN. A monograph on the wolves of North America, by Stanley P. Young and the writer, is approaching completion. In order to facilitate discussion of the various geographic races in the text, it seems desirable to publish the descriptions of three that have remained unrecognized until now. For the loan of material used in characterizing a new form from British Columbia, and for other courtesies, I am indebted to Dr. G. Clifford Carl, Acting Director of the Provincial Museum, Victoria, British Columbia. New subspecies of wolves are segregated as follows: Canis lupus alces, subsp. nov. KENAI PENINSULA WOLF. Type.—From Kachemak Bay, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. No. 147471, 9 adult, skull only, U. S. National Museum (Biological Survey collection); collected by C. A. Lambert, 1904. X-—catalog number 5133. Distribution.—Known only from the type locality, near the southern end of the Kenai Peninsula. General characters.—Size large—perhaps the largest of North American wolves; skull elongated with broad rostrum and narrowly spreading zygomata; canines large, but molariform teeth comparatively small. Similar in general to Canis lupus pambasileus of the Mount McKinley region, but apparently larger and differing in cranial details. Color.—No skins available and color undetermined. Skull.—Similar in general to that of pambasileus, but apparently larger, more elongated; rostrum longer; nasals broader, more divergent anteriorly; supraoccipital shield broader; dentition similar, but molariform teeth relatively narrower. Measurements.—No body measurements available. Skull: Type, and an adult female topotype, respectively: Greatest length, 280.5, 272; condylo- basal length, 263.5, 253.2; zygomatic breadth, 141.3, 141.4; squamosal constriction, 82.2, 81.8; width of rostrum, 47.4, 46.6; interorbital breadth, 49, 45.9; postorbital constriction, 44.3, 42.1; length of mandible, 201.3, 21—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 64, 1941. (109) 110 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 194.3; height of coronoid process, 79.1, 82; maxillary tooth row, crown length; 118.5, 112.3; upper carnassial, crown length (outer side), 25.5, 24.5, crown width, 12.8, 13; first upper molar, antero-posterior diameter, 17.1, 17.1, transverse diameter, 22.3, 22.3; lower carnassial, 30.3, 29.1. Two immature male topotypes (canines not fully in place), respectively: Greatest length, 263, 262.8; condylobasal length, 245, 250; zygomatic breadth, 133.8, 130.5; squamosal constriction, 80.7, 82.3; width of rostrum 44.7, 45.7; interorbital breadth, 43.9, 42.5; postorbital constriction, 42.4, ‘40.9;-length of mandible, 185, 190; height of coronoid process, 76.5, 74; maxillary tooth row, 108.6, 113.2; upper carnassial, crown length (outer side), 26, 27.5, crown width, 14.4, 15.4; first upper molar, antero-posterior diameter, 16.8, 17.3, transverse diameter, 23.3, 23.3; lower carnassial, 28.9, 31.1. Remarks.—Five skulls without skins, from Kachemak Bay, Kenai Peninsula, do not appear to be properly assignable to any of the races described and are, therefore, regarded as representatives of a new sub- species. This segregate reaches the maximum size attained by the species in North America. The skulls of two adult females are longer than those of any others examined, and present other peculiarities pointed out. Skulls of three immature males are not widely different from those of pambasileus of comparable age, but differ uniformly in the greater width of the supraoccipital shield. The new subspecies may range throughout the Kenai Peninsula, which at its base is narrowly connected with the mainland of Alaska. Specimens from north of Turnagain Arm of Cook Inlet are assignable to pambasileus. The principal natural prey of the Kenai wolf is doubtless the giant moose of the region. Specimens examined.—Total number, 5 (skulls only), all from Kachemak Bay, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Canis lupus columbianus, subsp. nov. BRITISH COLUMBIA WOLF. Type.—From Wistaria, north side of Ootsa Lake, Coast District, British Columbia. No. 3559, co! adult, skull only, British Columbia Provincial Museum; collected by J. C. Shelford, November, 1938. Distribution.—Greater part of British Columbia, west of the Rocky Mountains and the Stikine Mountains, passing into Canis lupus fuscus near the southwestern coast and into Canis lupus ligont along the coast bordering the Alexander Archipelago of southwestern Alaska; grades into Canis lupus occidentalis in the Peace River region, and farther south into Canis lupus irremotus. General characters.—Size large; upper parts suffused with light ‘‘ cinnamon buff” (Ridgway, 1912); skull with broad supraoccipital shield and narrow carnassials. Approaches pambasileus of Alaska and occidentalis of Mac- kenzie in size, but reaches less extreme maximum dimensions, and differs from both in color and cranial details. Differs from irremotus of Montana in larger usual size, more ‘“‘cinnamon-buff”’ coloration, and broader post- orbital region of skull. Differs from fuscus of Oregon in larger size, paler Goldman—Three New Wolves From North America. 111 color, and cranial features, especially the longer nasals. Differs from ligoni of the Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, in greater usual size, and more ““einnamon-buff”’ suffusion of upper parts. Color.—A female in fresh pelage from Chezacut, north shore of Chilcotin Lake, No. 4728, British Columbia Provincial Museum: Upper parts in general suffused with light ‘‘cinnamon-buff,” purest and most intense on sides of shoulders, flanks, and thighs; top of head “cinnamon-buff” mixed with black, becoming abruptly grizzled grayish on forehead and face; muzzle and chin brownish; under side of neck ‘‘pale pinkish buff”’ slightly darkened by black tips of longer hairs; chest and thorax “pinkish buff”’; inguinal region white; ears “‘cinnamon”’ mixed with black; lower part of legs ‘‘ pinkish buff,’”’ a narrow blackish line along anterior surface of fore- arm; upper side of tail near base with under color “pale pinkish buff,’’ heavily overlaid with black, passing into “‘cinnamon-buff”” more moderately darkened by black-tipped hairs, becoming black at end as usual in the species; under side of tail pure ‘‘pale pinkish buff” on proximal two-thirds, passing into a ‘“‘pinkish buff” suffusion overlaid with black toward tip. Skull.—Closely resembling that of pambasileus, but usually smaller; supraoccipital shield broader; postorbital processes slenderer, more taper- ing; carnassials relatively narrower, more elongated (antero-posteriorly); second lower molars larger, more elongated. Very similar to that of occidentalis, but usually smaller; postorbital processes slenderer, more tapering; dentition as a whole lighter, but second lower molars larger; canines more slender; carnassials relatively narrower. Compared with irremotus: Size larger; frontal region broader, less constricted behind postorbital processes; supraoccipital shield usually broader, more rounded near apex; dentition similar. Compared with fuscus: Size larger; nasals relatively longer, extending farther posteriorly beyond ends of maxillae; second lower molars relatively larger. Differs from that of ligont most obviously in greater usual size. Measurements.—Approximated from tanned skin of a female from Chezacut (used in color description) : Total length, 1600 mm.; tail vertebrae, 370. Skull (type, and an adult male topotype, respectively): 272.9, 263.9; condylobasal length, 260, 244.4; zygomatic breadth, 148.4, 147.7; squa- mosal constriction, 82.5, 80.8; width of rostrum, 46, 45; interorbital breadth, 48.8, 43.1; postorbital constriction, 45.7, 38.3; length of mandible, 196.2, 193; height of coronoid process, 75, 80.9; maxillary toothrow, 112.1, 107.3; upper carnassial, crown length (outer side) 27.1, 26.8, crown width, 13.8, 14; first upper molar, antero-posterior diameter, 17.3, 16.4, transverse diameter, 24.1, 22.9; lower carnassial, crown length, 31.1, 29.5. Two adult female topotypes, respectively: Greatest length, 262.2, 266.5; condy- lobasal length, 235.8, 246.4; zygomatic breadth, 140, 133.8; squamosal constriction, 79.3, 79.5; width of rostrum, 45.4, 43.1; interorbital breadth, 46.8, 42.7; postorbital constriction, 44.6, 37; length of mandible, 185.3, 188.7; height of coronoid process, 73.6, 73, maxillary toothrow, 105.8, 108.4; upper carnassial, crown length (outer side), 25.6, 24.7, crown width, 12.9, 13.4; first upper molar, antero-posterior diameter, 16.7, 17.1, trans- verse diameter, 22, 21.8; lower carnassial, 29, 28.2. 112 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Remarks.—The British Columbia wolf, colwmbianus, approaches its larger northern neighbors in size, but differs in combination of color and cranial details. Two skulls from Iskut Summit, 60 miles south of Telegraph Creek, are large for columbianus, but present somewhat mixed characters in detail. They probably represent intergradation with pambasileus or occidentalis. Although from a locality not far distant from the range of ligont, which is mainly confined to the Alexander Archipelago, these speci- mens exhibit a marked departure from those of that race in size and detailed characters. The British Columbia subspecies is believed to be increasing in numbers in some of the more remote sections of the country. Specimens examined.—Total number, 17, as follows: British Columbia: Bowron Lake, Cariboo District, 1 (skull only'; Chezacut, north shore Chilcotin Lake, 3 (2 skulls without skins)!; Iskut Summit (60 miles south of Telegraph Creek), 2 (skulls only)’; Kettle River, 2 (skulls only)?; Little Prairie, Horsefly River, Cariboo District, 1 (skull only)!; Pemberton, Lillooet District, 1 (skull only)!; Roche River, (tributary of Similkameen River), Yale District, 1 (skull only); Telegraph Creek, 1 (skull only)!; Vernon, Yale District, 1 (skull only)!; Wistaria, north side of Ootsa Lake, Coast District, 4 (skulls only)!. Canis lupus hudsonicus, subsp. nov. HUDSON BAY WOLF. Type.—From head of Schultz Lake, Keewatin, Canada. No. 180281, @ adult, skin and skull, U. S. National Museum (Biological Survey collec- tion); collected by H. V. Radford, January 4, 1912. Original number 92. Distribution.—Northern Keewatin, including the northwestern coast of Hudson Bay (Cape Fullerton). General characters.—A light-colored subspecies of medium size; winter pelage nearly white, but hairs becoming grayish or brownish toward base over dorsum; skull with rather broad postorbital region and narrow, acutely pointed postorbital processes. Similar in general to Canis lupus occidentalis of Mackenzie, but smaller, and cranial features distinctive. Size and color about as in Canis lupus arctos of Melville Island, but cranium flatter, less highly arched, the frontal outline much less strongly convex in lateral view, and differing in other details. Differs from Canis lupus lycaon of Quebec in larger size and whiter coloration. Color.—Type (winter pelage): Upper parts in general yellowish white, or “cream color”? (Ridgway, 1912); top of head and middle of face with dark brown under color faintly showing through; guard hairs over dorsum with a brownish band near middle below which they are whitish to base, the shorter under fur on the same area brownish at base, becoming pale yellow- ish toward tips; under parts overlaid with yellowish white, the under tone whitish to base of hairs; limbs about like under parts; feet ‘‘onion-skin pink’’ between the toes, as usual in the group; tail “cream color,” except 1 Provincial Museum, B. C. 2 Kansas Univ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 3 Mus. Vert. Zool. Goldman—Three New Wolves From North America. 113 on the median line near upper base, where black-tipped hairs tend to form a conspicuous, elongated patch. A skin from Cape Fullerton, Hudson Bay, is whiter, the yellowish tone being absent, and the tail lacks the dusky spot on upper base. Skull.—Similar in general to that of occidentalis, but differs in decidedly smaller size; postorbital processes more slender and more acutely pointed. Similar in size to that of arctos but flatter, the frontal region less highly arched and convex in lateral view, more deeply V-shaped along median line in posterior view; zygomata tending to spread more widely; auditory bullae slightly larger, more fully inflated; postorbital processes narrow and acute as in arctos; dentition similar, but antero-internal cusps of upper carnassials less prominent. Compared with that of lycaon, the skull is much larger, with relatively broader rostrum. Measurements.—T ype: Total length, 1720 mm.; tail vertebrae, 519; hind foot, 323; height at shoulder, 848; weight, 101 pounds. An adult female topotype, 1570; 420; 290. Skull (type, and an adult female topotype, respectively): Greatest length, 258.3, 251; condylobasal length, 241, 228.8; zygomatic breadth, 146.4, 134.8; squamosal constriction behind zygomata, 83.9, 77.4; width of rostrum (at constriction behind canines), 46, 42.4; interorbital breadth, 47.2, 44.4; postorbital constriction, 41.8, 43.2; maxillary toothrow, 110.1, 104.1; upper carnassial, crown length (outer side), 26.8, 24.5, crown width, 14.2, 13.8. Remarks.—The wolves of northern Keewatin and the northwest coast of Hudson Bay are closely allied to occidentalis, the geographic neighbor on the west, but the differential characters pointed out seem to warrant the segregation of a regional race. Comparison with a skull from Ellesmere Island, assumed to represent arctos, indicates more distant relationship. Specimens exramined.—Total number, 6, all from Keewatin, as follows: Cape Fullerton, 14; Hudson Bay (without definite locality, 14; Schultz Lake, 3 (2 skulls without skins); Wager River, 1 (skull only)4. 4Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. muy iy Vol. 54, pp. 115-118 September 30, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW LEPTODEIRA FROM MEX BY HOBART M. SMITH. The recent work by Dunn (Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., vol. 22, 1926, pp. 689-698) and Taylor (Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull., vol. 25, 1938 [1939], pp. 315-355, figs. 1-7, pls. 30-34) on Leptodeira has greatly clarified the taxonomy of the Mexican species of the genus. The 70 specimens recently secured in Mexico during tenure of the Walter Rathbone Bacon Traveling Scholarship (Smithsonian Institution) have, with but a single exception, sup- ported the more recent arrangement by Taylor. This exception concerns annulata polysticta, an association which both Dunn and Taylor believed divisible; in fact Taylor points out the chief peculiarity of the central and northern Veracruz specimens here named. The segregation of the population in this region greatly clarifies the relationship between polysticta and septen- trionalis. Leptodeira annulata taylori, subsp. nov. Holotype.—U. S. National Museum No. 30208, Orizaba, Veracruz, col- lected by Sumichrast. Paratypes. Twelve. U.S.N.M. Nos. 7088, 30207, topotypes; No. 30508, ‘‘ Veracruz”; No. 12113 (5), Mirador, Veracruz; No. 65154, Hills west of Veracruz; No. 111224, Cerro Gordo, near Puente Nacional, Veracruz; and EHT-HMS 4618, Acultzingo, Veracruz. Diagnosis.—Like annulata polysticta, with 196 to 206 ventrals, 80 to 101 caudals, usually three preoculars, and spots not extending below the third scale row; differing from that form by having fewer spots, 36 to 47 (49 to 66 in 38 polysticta). Description of holotype.—Supralabials 8-8, 4th and 5th entering orbit; 10-10 infralabials, five in contact with anterior chinshields; three preoculars, lower very small and wedged between 3rd and 4th supralabials; two post- oculars, lower less than half size of upper; temporals 1—2-3. Dorsals in 21-23-17 rows; ventrals 201; anal divided; tail incomplete; total length 497 mm.; tail 72 mm. (incomplete). Dorsal surface of head light brown, uniformly stippled with darker, otherwise without dark marks; nape of same color; a longitudinal, dark 22—Proc. Bion. Soc. Wasn., Vou. 54, 1941, (115) 116 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. brown nape stripe extending from posterior tip of parietals to first dorsal blotch; latter four scales long medially, with short, anterolateral extensions reaching toward mouth; 44 dark spots on body; these blotches one and one half to two scales long, separated from each other by light spaces two or three scales long, extending laterally to the fifth or sixth scale row; a series of small.spots on the second and third, or sometimes involving also the fourth, rows of scales; these spots alternating with the larger middorsal spots; slight evidence of other, smaller, very vague spots between these, opposite the ends of the middorsal blotches; ground color light brown, with fine, darker brown stippling; belly light, with very littlestippling posteriorly; subeaudal surface more strongly stippled; mental, anterior labials and anterior chinshields with some dark stippling. Variation.—The twelve paratypes are very much like the type. All have some evidence of a dark longitudinal nape stripe; the dorsal spots are nar- row and do not extend laterally beyond the third scale row. In most there is some evidence of a postocular stripe, and the head may be darker than the nape. Usually there is more pigment on the belly. ScaLEe Counts In taylor. USNM 30508 USNM 65154 USNM 111224 Noise Seis eat geet 88 8-8 10-10 2-2 21-23-16 203 94 8-8 10-10 23 2-2 43 21-23-15 198 101 8-8 10-10 3-3 2-2 44 Scale Body Museum Number Sex Rows Ventr. Caud. Supral. Infral. Proc. Ptoc. Spots EHT-HMS 4618 2 23-23-17 198 84 8-8 10-11 3-3 2-2 45 USNM 7088 fe) 20-23-15 202 _... CO e) ite ea 2-3 2-2 Al USNM 12113 2 21-23-17 199 80 8-8 10-10 3-3 2-2 36 USNM 12113 Q 21—23-? 200 85 8-8 10-10 3-3 2-2 37 USNM 30207 fo} 21-23-17 196 84 8-8 10-10 3-3 22 47 USNM 12113 ofl 21-23-? PAO ee 8-8 10-10 3-3 2-2 46 USNM 12113 of 21-23-15 206 100 8-8 11-11 3-3 2-2 38 USNM 12113 op Nese teu oe 206 QE INE UM B=oh ye 44 USNM 30208 fof 21-23-17 201 Bee 8-8 10-10 3-3 2-2 44 fot fot rot The lower preocular is fused with the third labial on both sides in No. 30508, on one side (the side with seven labials) in No. 7088. In No. 65154 it is fused with the fourth labial. Remarks.—The series of five specimens (U.S.N.M. Nos. 25206-7, 25209- 11) from Tuxpan, Veracruz, referred by Dunn (op. cit., p. 693) to polysticta, I believe are more properly identified as septentrionalis (Taylor, op. cit., p. 330). Four of the series have the dorsal spots reaching to the first or second scale rows, at least on the posterior part of the body, as is typical of septen- trionalis. However, one (No. 25211) has the spots reaching only to the third or fourth scale row (posteriorly), as in taylorz; in this specimen and one other the ventral counts are higher (201) than in other septentrionalis (maximum, 197; taylor, 196 to 206); and two have caudal counts higher (80, 82) than in other septentrionalis (maximum 79; taylori, 80 to 101). In view of the great similarity of taylort and septentrionalis in body form, pattern of the head (almost complete absence, only a feeble postocular stripe), presence of a nape stripe (reduced but present in septentrionalis), three preoculars, 21 or 23 scale rows, pigment on the posterior ends of the Smith—A New Leptodeira From Mexico. iba ly ventrals, and a stippled ground color, I believe there can be little doubt that the Tuxpan series shows definite evidence of intergradation between the two forms. Accordingly the northern form should stand as Leptodeira annulata septentrionalis (Kennicott). I agree with Taylor that the latter form can not intergrade with, or be particularly closely related to, maculata, a specimen of which is present in the Tuxpan, Veracruz, collection (U.S.N.M. No. 25208). The cotypes of polysticta were from Jalapa, Veracruz; Yucatan; Belize, British Honduras; Honduras; and Panama. Since these specimens include three forms as defined at present (Panama = annulata, Jalapa = taylori) it is well to fix the name polysticta. I hereby designate the Belize specimen as lectotype. Itisa female with 21 scale rows, 211 ventrals and 84 caudals (fide Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., vol. 3, 1896, p. 96). ob lv rf PY Vol. 54, pp. 119-124 September 30, 1941 PROCEEDINGS oF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ON THE MEXICAN SNAKES OF T PLIOCERCUS. BY HOBART M. SMITH. Thirty six specimens of Pliocercus now in the collections of the U.S. National Museum, and sixteen in the E. H. Taylor-H. M. Smith collection, are referable to the highly composite Urotheca elapoides of Boulenger (Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1894, pp. 182-183). Two very different formenkreise were included by him in that species, one the elapoides series occurring from cen- tral Mexico (Veracruz) to Guatemala, the other the euryzonus series extending (with hiati) from northern Veracruz to South America. Each of these series is composed of two forms now described and named; the collections examined add one form not previously named to each series. The present study was completed, and a third of the material utilized was collected, during tenure of the Walter Rathbone Bacon Traveling Scholarship. Iam indebted to Dr. E. H. Taylor for generous loan of mater- ial and for other assistance. Pliocercus elapoides elapoides Cope. Pliocercus elapoides Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, pp. 253- 254 (Jalapa, Veracruz). Elapochrous deppet Peters, Monatsb. Berl. Akad., 1860, pp. 294-295, fig. 2 (Mexico). Liophis tricinctus Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., vol. 2, 1863, p. 301; Jan and Sordelli, Icon Gén., livr. 18, 1866, pl. 4, figs. 4-6 (Mexico). Diagnosis.—Black bands in triads, the outer two as broad as or broader than yellow bands at least on tail (rarely narrower on body); triads on body 9 to 15 (9 to 10 in males, 9 to 15 in females); triads on tail 5 to 8; yellow band across head narrow, anterior and posterior portions of parietals black, posterior edge of frontal rarely light (on one specimen only); 127 to 131 ventrals in males, 133 to 144 in females; caudals maximum 100 in females, 106 in males; usually 8 or 9 infralabials, Range.—Central and southern Veracruz. 23—Proc. Bion, Soc. Wass., Vou. 54, 1941. (119) 4 # AGT 8 1941 x 4 ) S7iowa, yused™ 120 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Specimens Examined.—Twenty-four, all from Veracruz: Cuautlapan (U. S. N. M. 110764-6; EHT-HMS 1776, 5255, 23484-92); Mirador (U. 8. N. M. 6368, 25029-30); Orizaba (U. S. N. M. 4383, 6323, 12125; EHT-HMS 1421); Potrero Viejo (U. S. N. M. 110763; EHT-HMS 1580, 5087). Remarks.—This form differs from diastemus in having a higher average number of ventrals and lower average number of caudals; outer black bands of each triad as broad as or broader than the yellow bands (narrower than yellow bands in diastemus, or absent); usually irregular dark markings on the red areas (not in diastemus); usually more numerous triads (5 to 10 in diastemus); and usually 9 or less infralabials (usually 10 in diastemus) . From laticollaris it differs by having a narrower neck band (posterior tip of frontal as well as all of parietals yellow in latzcollaris); bands of triads broader and usually irregular dark markings present on the red areas (markings dorsally in laticollaris as in diastemus); and perhaps by usually fewer triads on body (13 in a male, 16 and 18 in two females of laticollaris) . Scate Counts or Pliocercus e. elapoides. Labials Upper Lower Touch Number Sex Ventrals Caudals Labials Labials Chinshields Triads 4383 Q TSGU ae 8-9 9-10 5-5 12-? 6368 2 a ke tay ees bi calle 8-8 9-9 5-5 15-? 12125 Q PAA ih es 8-8 9-10 5-5 10-? 25029 fe) 136 es 8-8 9-9 5-5 13-7 25030 2 VSS earl se 8-8 9-9 5-5 10-? 110763 Q ABE i) Vee 8-8 9-9 5-5 10-? 110765 2 137 95 8-8 8-8 5-5 9-5 110766 Q 138 98 8-8 8-8 4-4 12-6 1580 te) SAT eines 7-8 9-9 5-5 9-? 5087 fe) 136 100 8-8 9-9 5-5 14-7 23484 Lo UTE fie wr Us eees ed 93 8-8 9-? 5-5 11-7 23485 2 139 94 8-8 9-9 5-5 11-6 23486 2 IS To) a ar ees 8-8 9-9 5-5 11-? 23487 f°) LS Tay ela ical vps 8-8 9-9 5-5 10-? 23488 2 P36 gee 8-8 8-9 4-5 14-? 23489 9 137 99 8-8 9-9 5-5 9-6 23490 Q 134 85 8-8 9-9 5-5 11-7 23491 2 PSO Mia ences 8-8 9-9 5-5 12-? 23492 2 133 92 8-8 9-10 5-6 13-8 1776 ows 128 103 8-8 9-9 5-5 10-7 1421 fou OE VU 8-8 9-9 5-5 9-? 5255 rol 129 TOG RUE Hunn | ehhh ee 5-5 10-6 6323 a 131 88 8-8 9-9 5-5 9-6 110764 (ou aE het a Aiea 8-8 9-9 5-5 9-5 Pliocercus elapoides diastemus (Bocourt). Liophis elapoides diastema Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept., 1886, pp. 636- 637, pl. 41, fig. 8 (Plateau of Guatemala). Diagnosis.—Black bands single or triad, but if the latter the outer bands narrower than the yellow bands; triads or single bands 5 to 10 on body, most complete, 4 to 6 on tail; yellow band across head not as long as parietals, sometimes extending to posterior edges of latter, but not includ- Smith—Meaxican Snakes of the Genus Pliocercus. 121 ing any portion of frontal; ventrals 123 to 128 in males, 132 to 137 in females; caudals minimum 98 in females, 115 in males; infralabials usually 10. Range.—Pacific slopes of southern Chiapas and Guatemala. Specimens examined.—Nine. Locality records —Mt. Ovando, 6500 ft., near Escuintla, Chiapas (No. 110768; La Esperanza, Cruz de Piedra and Las Gradas, all near Escuintla, Chiapas (Nos. 110769-73); Chicharras, Chiapas (Nos. 46437-8); Finca El Ciprés, Volcan Zunil, Guatemala (Calif. Acad. Sci. Nos. 66910-66916). Remarks.—This form is rather well-defined, differing from typical elapoides in average number of ventrals and caudals, average number of infralabials, character of black bands and number of single bands or triads. In some specimens the outer bands of the triads are very narrow, in others completely missing. An intergrade between this and elapoides may be represented by No. 62088, collected by Sumichrast at an unknown locality (possibly Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, where, according to his notes in La Nat., vol. 6, 1882, p. 42, he secured specimens of this species). In color pattern it is nearly typical of diastemus, the outer bands of the triads being absent on the body (except following the first yellow band on neck). It is like typical elapoides, however, in ventral count (142, female); number of infralabials (9); and in having the outer bands of the triads present and broad on the tail. Since the specimen very likely comes from a locality intermediate between the known ranges of elapoides and diastemus, its intermediate characters indi- cate the specimen may be an intergrade. On the other hand it may repre- sent the form which occurs on Pacific slopes north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. ScaLe Counts or Piiocercus e. diastemus.} Labials Upper Lower Touch Number Sex Ventrals Caudals Labials Labials Chinshields Triads 110768 Q TS Bua eimai dg eees 8-8 10-10 5-5 9-? 110769 9 133 101 8-8 10-10 5-5 8-5 110771 Q 136 98 8-8 9-10 5-5 9-4 110772 fo) 133 100 8-9 10-10 5-5 9-6 110773 fe) 130 103 8-9 10-10 5-5 10-6 66910 9 129 Kesle Vig CE) el Rt 1O= 1.0 Wah) i es i 2 66913 9? MEPIS OF Oe ese ee LA a re See TOTO Nee ee igh heey 66914 fo) TS PAN ond ire ie tel aan |) ay dactae TO=LOVe eee ece ft ey mente 66915 9? 1S ee ee ey Pcage LO=1G¥ ee nite ee ec 46437 fot ZA Rots? 8-8 10-10 5-5 9-? 46438 fof DSO MIN TD Tp eae 8-8 9-10 5-5 8-? 110772 J 125 115 8-8 10-10 5-5 7-6 110770 rot TE eA Ay thd 9-9 10-10 5-5 10-? 66911 J 128 LB Pee pete ees LOS1O ieee re! ces Fae Ta 66912 ro TOA AR see 2 OL gash fes DOIN BRR, Waves ving was 66916 rot UST A ee Se BT meee Kaki) SAB aa a eee 1The scale counts of the California Academy of Sciences specimens are those given by Slevin, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 23, 1939, p. 402. 122 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Pliocercus elapoides laticollaris, subsp. nov. Holotype.—U. S. National Museum No. 110767, female, Tenosique, Tabasco, H. M. Smith. Paratypes. EHT-HMS 11642, Tres Brazos, Campeche, and No. 11643, Encarnacién, Campeche. Diagnosis.—Bands single or triad, but if the latter the outer bands not as wide as yellow bands; triads or single bands 13 to 18 on body, 10 to 12 on tail; yellow head band involving nearly all of parietals, as well as posterior tip of frontal; ventrals 128 in a male, 127 to 134 in two females; caudals 97 in two females; nine infralabials. Description of holotype.—Internasals small, one-third area of prefrontals; latter extending onto sides of head; frontal broad, pentagonal, subequal in length to suture between parietals; nasal completely divided, in contact with two labials; loreal large, quadrangular, in contact with two labials and one (upper) preocular; two preoculars, the lower small and wedged between third and fourth labials; two postoculars, lower smaller; temporals 1-1-2, anterior elongate; supralabials 8-8, fourth and fifth entering orbit, last two largest, last elongate; nine infralabials, five (four) in contact with anterior chinshields; latter a little longer than posterior chinshields; two labials in contact with latter. Dorsals in 17 rows, smooth, not pitted; ventrals 127; anal divided; caudals 97. Head, anterior to a line between posterior edges of eye, black, except for rostral and lower edges of labials (yellow); a very broad, yellow band across head, involving posterior edges of frontal and supraoculars, all of parietals and all of temporals except tips of tertiary temporals; a black nuchal band covering nearly five scale lengths medially, barely reaching edges of ventrals; following this a series of 15 black bands on body, 10 on tail, all (except last on tail) of about equal length, each covering about two and one half scale lengths; most black bands on body interrupted on midventer, all tail bands complete; black bands bordered by a yellow ring on each side, covering one or one and one-half scale lengths, all complete; separating the yellow rings are complete red bands, each covering nearly five scale lengths; most dorsal scales in red areas black-tipped. Paratypes.—The ventrals of the male paratype count 128 (tail broken); the ventrals and caudals respectively of the female count 134 and 97. The black bands are in triads, separated by narrow yellow bands, but in the female the narrower black bands are practically obsolete, and in the male they are very narrow. A dark spot occurs at the posterior apex of most of the scales in the red bands. There are 18 primary black annuli on the body of the female, 12 on the tail; 13 red annuli occur on the body of the male. The primary black bands are complete ventrally. Remarks.—To the present form belong the specimens referred by Bocourt (Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept., 1886, pp. 635-6) to typical elapoides (pl. 41, fig. 6). Bocourt had specimens of all three forms of elapoides, but laticollaris was referred to e. elapoides; typical elapoides to e. aequalis; and e. diastema was named by him for the first time. This subspecies differs from typical elapoides in the great width of the Smith—Mexican Snakes of the Genus Pliocercus. 123 yellow head band; near or complete loss of the outer black bands of the triads; greater number of tail bands and body bands; and perhaps by fewer ventrals. It is to be emphasized that all three forms of elapoides occupy widely different faunal provinces. Specimens from the Pacific slopes north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec probably will prove distinguishable from the forms here diagnosed, since in species having a distribution on the Atlantic coast and in southern Chiapas and also having a differentiation of geographic subspecies as in elapoides, invariably the Guerrero form is still different. Pliocercus bicolor, sp. nov. Holotype.—U. S. National Museum No. 25203, female, from Tuxpan, Veracruz, collected by G. Lincecum. Diagnosis.—Bands alternating black and red, the two of nearly equal length (black slightly longer) middorsally on body; black tail bands twice width of interspaces; black bands 14 on body in type; no secondary tail bands, primary bands few; no markings on infralabials; black head cap involving only extreme anterior tip of primary temporal. Description of holotype.-—Head badly battered, portions missing, supra- labials eight, fourth and fifth entering eye, seventh perhaps largest; nasal divided, in contact with two labials; loreal large, quadrangular, in contact with two labials; two preoculars, lower small and wedged between third and fourth labials; two postoculars, lower smaller; temporals 1-1; infralabials nine, five in contact with anterior chinshields, two in contact with posterior. Scales in 17 rows, smooth, not pitted; ventrals 132; anal divided; tail incomplete. Entire snout (sides and top) black, posterior to a point slightly behind posterior angle of frontal; entire supralabial border yellow; a yellow band across top of head, anteriorly reaching nearly to postoculars; this followed by the first of a series of 14 black rings, each covering four to seven scale lengths middorsally, separated from each other by red bands covering three to six scale lengths; the red spaces nearly equal to black bands medially, covering about one scale length less than adjoining bands; some of the dorsal scales in the red area black-tipped; black tail rings about twice width of interspaces; red interspaces on tail with very few, small, irregularly placed black spots; chin and gular region light (yellow ?) with no black markings whatever; light spaces on belly and tail (between black rings) without marks. Remarks.—This very distinct form is related to dimidiatus and aequalis, all having alternating red and black rings, without yellow rings. From dimidiatus? it differs by having wider red areas (in all dimidiatus the body bands are two to three times as wide as the red rings, the tail bands three times as wide as interspaces); no markings on chin or gular region (all dimidiatus have the anterior infralabials black); black head cap less exten- sive (in dimidiatus it extends at least to middle, usually to posterior end of primary temporal); no indentation of black head cap by a light area on 2 Thirteen specimens examined, from Nicaragua and Costa Rica. 124 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. anterior labials (in dimidiatus a light spot, fused with light labial border, on portions of the second and third labials). In some respects aequalis of Guatemala is more like bicolor, as the black head cap is identical, the gular and chin region is immaculate, and the black bands on body equal the width of the red ones. It has more numerous black body rings, however (25 te 27), and narrower, much more numerous, complete tail rings (about 17) that are separated from each other by areas equal to the size of the primary black rings. Hach of the red interspaces between the primary, complete rings encloses an incomplete, secondary black ring. Dunn and Bailey (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 86, 1939, p. 12; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 92, 1940, p. 121) treat dimidiatus and euryzonus as subspecies. It can not now be stated whether aequalis and bicolor are also subspecies of ewryzonus, but at least it is very probable that all four of these aremembers of the same formenkreis, and that they replace each other in a vicariating series from north to south. In the same series there is a constant trend of pattern change from ewryzonus in the south, with narrow red bands, to bicolor in the north, with the broadest red bands. A com- parable trend toward elimination of the black on the head is also observ- able, from ewryzonus with nearly a uniformly black head to bicolor (and aequalis) with the least black on head of all. Key to Mexican Pliocercus. 1. Rings on body alternating red and black, all subequal in length (black rings a little the longer)... bicolor. Yellow rings present on body, as well as red and black; black rings in triads or, if single, the spaces between them consid- erably greater than their own length... 2 2. Black rings single on body, or, if triad, the outer rings consider- ably narrower than the yellow rings... eee 3 Black rings triad on body and tail, the outer rings of each triad as long as or longer than yellow rings; red areas frequently black-spotted; posterior end of frontal very rarely light; infra- labials seldom 10 (usually less); bands on tail not over eight, on body not over 11 in males, 15 in females______ elapoides elapoides. 3. Yellow head band very broad, including posterior tip of frontal; nine infralabials; primary black rings on body 13 to 18, on stent Os UZ aD A USES et elapoides laticollaris. Yellow head band narrower, the anterior tips of parietals and posterior tip of frontal always black; usually ten infralabials; primary black rings on body 5 to 10, on tail 4 to 6... elapoides diastemus. pe! Morar, “a oh Vol. 54, pp. 125-128 September 30, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ANOTHER NEW HYPOPACHUS FROM G BY L. C. STUART. In the summer of 1940, while investigating the herpetofauna of the Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, I visited, in order to obtain comparative data, the northern part of El Quiché. Most of my work in that region was done in the vicinity of Nebaj, and in an artificial pond on the outskirts of the village I collected a species of Hypopachus which, though I possess but a single specimen, I feel certain has not yet been described. Because of its truncate snout, this new species may be called: Hypopachus simus, sp. nov. Holotype.—An adult male, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 89095, collected on the evening of July 11, 1940, by L. C. Stuart. Type locality.—A pond on the western edge of Nebaj, El Quiché, Guate- mala. Altitude, about 1990 meters. Diagnosis.—An Hypopachus of the inguinalis series, closest to H. inguinalis Cope, from which it may be distinguished by its larger inner metatarsal tubercle, its truncate snout, the broader webs between its toes, and its more conspicuous dermal toe fringe. Description.—Snout truncate, acute in lateral view, very slightly longer than the diameter of the eye. Canthus rounded, loreal region oblique and slightly concave. Interorbital space very slightly greater than the width of the upper eyelid. Fingers free, comparative lengths ITI-IV—II-I, sub- articular tubercles distinct but not prominent, three palmar tubercles. Toes not dilated, web between third and fourth toe broad but extending only to second tubercle on fourth toes. Other toes about half webbed, all toes, especially the third, with a conspicuous dermal fringe laterally. Comparative toe lengths, [V-III-V-II-I, subarticulate tubercles well developed, two metatarsal tubercles, the outer rounded, the inner large and compressed. The heels fail to meet when the hind legs are adpressed and when extended forward the outer metatarsal tubercle falls opposite the center of the eye. Skin leathery both above and below, somewhat bumpy dorsally, and containing minute spicules. An inconspicuous dermal fold extends from the eye obliquely posteriorly to the arm insertions. 24—Proc. Brox. Soc. Wash., Vou. 54, 1941. (125) 126 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. In spirits the dorsum is purplish brown with several black flecks pos- teriorly. The limbs are somewhat redder above flecked with black. A light streak extends from the eye posteriorly and ventrally to in front of the arm insertions. There is a fine white line from the tip of the snout to the anus. A faintly darker streak lies just below the canthus and there is a small black spot just behind the angular streak from eye to arms. The throat, is dark gray, which color becomes lighter posteriorly until the thighs are white. The chest contains scattered black spots which fuse posteriorly to form black reticulations which eover the thighs and ventral surfaces of the legs. Range.—Known only from the type locality but very possibly widely distributed throughout the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes of northwestern Guatemala. Relationships.—This is the third form of the inguinalis group! to be described since Parker’s monograph ? has appeared. Taylor 3? and myself 4 have further added other species to the genus but these have all shown a cuneus relationship with a compressed outer metatarsal tubercle. The inguinalis group, as I have previously pointed out,? appears to be restricted to ‘‘nuclear Central America,’”’ and this new species does not extend that range. The species of the znguinalis group are best summed up in the following key: A. Outer metatarsal tubercle compressed......_...._-__---_.-. cuneus group. AA. Outer metatarsal tubercle rounded... inguinalis group. B. Tarsal-metatarsal articulation not reaching the eye_______ globulosus Schmidt. BB. Tarsal-metatarsal articulation reaching the eye.....__»_»_-= C C. Skin of dorsum very warty..................--... barberi Schmidt. CC. Skin of dorsum relatively smooth... D D. Snout pointed, inner metatarsal tubercle small _ inguinalis Cope. DD. Snout truncate, inner metatarsal tubercle large _. simus Stuart. This new species though closest to inguinalis shows some approach to barberi in that the skin of the dorsum is slightly roughened but in no way showing the very warty condition of the latter. The relatively large size of the inner metatarsal tubercle is best brought out by comparing its greatest diameter to the distance between the outer borders of the two metatarsal tubercles. In inguinalis the diameter is much less than this distance, while in stmus the two are equal. The truncate form of the snout is unique in the inguinalis group. 1Two have previously been described by Karl P. Schmidt, ‘‘New Central American Frogs of the Genus Hypopachus,”’ Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 24, 1, 1939 : 1-5, Fig. 1. 2H. W. Parker, ‘A Monograph of the Frogs of the Family Microbylidae,’’ British Museum (Natural History). London, 1934 : viii+-208 pp. 3 Edward H. Taylor, ‘‘ Herpetological Miscellany,’”’ Univ. Kansas Sct. Bull., xxvi, 15, 1940 : 489-571. 4L. C. Stuart, “A New Hypopachus from Guatemala,’”’ Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 53, 1940 : 19-22. Stuart—A nother New Hypopachus from Guatemala. 127 Hatits.—This species was singing in considerable numbers in a pond on the outskirts of Nebaj during July and early August, 1940. This pond was rather unusual in that it consisted of a moat-like channel surrounding a marshy island in the center of the pond. Because of the depth of the channel and the lack of a raft or boat, I was unable to reach the island where these frogs were singing and many circuits of the pond on different evenings resulted in the capture of but a single specimen, the type, along the shore. Occasional individuals were heard singing in local pools of water in the pastures surrounding Nebaj, but I was unable to secure further specimens. The call of this species, a prolonged hum, can not be differ- entiated from that of either H. inguinalis or H. championi Stuart. In some of the small pools in pastures I secured on August 15, 1940, some tadpoles which are unquestionably the larvae of H. simus. The following is a description drawn from that series: Teeth 0/0. The mouth is terminal and hidden, except medially, by a large supralabial apron on either side. These aprons arise at the corner of the mouth and extend medially to about the center of the mouth, where they curve sharply upward and outward to leave a disk-like opening between them dorsally. Medially they are papillated on the edge, and the papillae decrease in size laterally and disappear completely at about the middle of the apron. The eyes are relatively small, completely lateral, and situated about two-fifths of the body length from the snout. The anus is medial and the spiracle lies to the left of and adjacent to the anus in ventral view. The tail is relatively short, the muscular portion extending almost the entire length of the tail. The fin extends only to the body and the abrupt junction of the tail muscles and the body is demarked by a deep groove in the body extending completely around the tail. Comparative measurements on the larger specimens show that the tail comprises about sixty per cent of the total length and is about forty per cent as deep as long. The body is broadest at mid-body, being about seventy-five per cent as broad as long and slightly less than one-half as deep as long. The mouth is about forty per cent as broad as the body. In smaller specimens the mouth and tail-body proportions are about the same as in the larger specimens, but the body is proportionally deeper and broader. Dorsally the color is dark brown, ventrally brownish gray. Proximally the upper half of the tail musculature is brown, the lower half white. Distally the tail musculature is entirely brown. The fin is transparent and lacks pigmentation except for a few scattered brown punctations along its dorsal edge. In comparing these tadpoles with some poorly preserved larvae of H. c. cuneus Cope from Texas and with several equally poorly preserved specimens of H. c. nigroreticulatus Taylor from Yucatan, the mouth of simus tadpoles appears to be relatively wider, and their color is much darker. The prominent papillary fringe on the labial aprons of simus is lacking in the cwneus subspecies where it is reduced to nothing more than a scalloped edge. 128 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Acknowledgments.—I wish to acknowledge here the financial grant from the Horace H. Rockham School of Graduate Studies which enabled me to carry on my investigations in Guatemala. To Miss Grace Orton of the University of Michigan I am indebted for aid in studying the tadpoles of this new species, and to Miss Grace Eager of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, for executing the included drawings. Puate 1. Sketch showing the comparatively broad snout in H. s¢mus. (Fic. 1) as opposed to that of AH. inguinalis (Fig. 3) and the much larger tubercle and more extensive webbing in H. stmus (Fig. 2) as compared with the same structures in H. inguinalis (Fig. 4). Vol. 54, pp. 129-132 September 30, 1941 PROCEEDINGS oF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHI TWO NEW SUBSPECIES OF THE PINON MOUSE, PEROMYSCUS TRUEI, FROM CALIFORNIA. BY DONALD F. HOFFMEISTER, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California. In the course of a study of the variation and distribution of the pifion mice, Peromyscus truet, two unnamed races from Cali- fornia have been found. P. truez is typically an inhabitant of the Upper Sonoran Life-zone, but one of the races here de- scribed is found in a higher and the other ina lower zone. One of the new races is found in the humid coastal area of the Tran- sition Life-zone, where the name pifion mouse is hardly appro- priate because no pifion trees occur in this area. Members of this race are the largest of the entire species. Some populations of mice of the other newly named race inhabit the Lower Sono- ran Life-zone, and members of this race are among the lightest- colored individuals of the species. The distinctive characters of these mice perhaps have arisen “in response” to the con- ditions in which the animals live. Of the specimens examined, the majority are in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. The remainder are in the California Academy of Sciences, the Los Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art, and the Vertebrate Collection of the San Bernardino Junior College. I wish to thank the persons in charge of these collections for the opportunity of examining specimens. The races can be characterized as follows: Peromyscus truei sequoiensis, new subspecies. Type.—Male, adult, skin with skull, no. 20842, Mus. Vert. Zool.; one mile west of Guerneville, Sonoma County, California; collected June 16, 1913, by Hilda W. Grinnell, original no. 109. Range.—The narrow, humid, northwest, coastal belt of California, west 25—Proc. Brox. Soc. Wasn., Vou. 54, 1941. (129) ™~ 130 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. / ofthe crest of the Coast Range, from the Oregon line in Del Norte County south to Marin County. Diagnosis. = Size: Large (see measurements); tail actually, but not relatively, long’ (averaging 108 per cent of length of head and body); hind foot long; ear/, actually and relatively small, averaging (when measured from the atch i in the dry skin) only 83 per cent of length of hind foot. Color: Dark: upper parts with considerable blackish and with reddish of a mark- - edhy dark tone; underparts of adults usually with an ochraceous or buffy pectoral spot. Skull: Large; rostrum relatively short; palatine slits, relative to the length of the palate, short; auditory ballse large but not greatly inflated. Comparisons.—F rom topotypes and most other specimens of Peromyscus truet gilberti, P. t. sequoiensis differs in the following characters: Size: Larger, except for length of body, which is about the same; length of tail averages 108 per cent of length of head and body instead of 97 per cent; hind foot usually more than 24 millimeters (averaging 25.2 mm.) instead of less than 24 mm. (averaging 22.8 mm.); ear smaller. Color: Upper parts, including dorsal tail stripe, darker; sides more ochraceous. Skull: Aver- aging larger in every measurement except length of palatine slits; rostrum heavier; breadth across maxillary arms of zygomata greater. From speci- mens of Peromyscus truet from south of San Francisco Bay, sequoiensis differs in the following characters: Size: Larger, but tail relatively shorter; hind foot longer; ear slightly shorter. Color: Upper parts more reddish. Skull: Averaging larger in greatest length and basilar length and length of bony palate; palatine slits shorter; auditory bullae larger but less inflated. Remarks.—P. t. sequoiensis intergrades along the eastern border of its range with the race P. t. gilberti. For example, specimens from along Clear Creek, Siskiyou County, are typical of sequwoiensis in all characters except for lighter coloration; specimens from Taylor Creek in the same county are nearer gilberit in body proportions, but in other characters agree with sequoiensts. Specimens from the South Fork Mountains, Trinity County, are dark colored, but intermediate between sequoiensis and gilbert in length of tail and in cranial characters. Although specimens occurring in the “islands” of the Transition Life-zone in Lake, Napa, and eastern Sonoma counties approach sequozensis in various features, they all are nearer in the sum total of characters to gilbertt, to which race they are referred. Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements, in millimeters, of 14 adults (10 males, 4 females) from the vicinity of the type locality are: Total length, 220 (200-231); length of tail, 114 (104-123); length of hind foot, 25.2 (24-27); ear, measured from the notch, dry, 20.9 (20.2-22.0); greatest length of skull, 29.7 (28.3-30.7); basilar length, 22.2 (20.9-23.1); greatest breadth of braincase, 13.7 (13.0-14.0); interorbital constriction, 4.6 (4.3-5.0); length of nasals, 11.0 (10.3-11.3); shelf of bony palate, 4.5 (4.3-5.0); palatine slits, 6.0 (5.6-6.2); diastema, 7.4 (7.0-7.8); postpalatal length, 10.5 (9.8-11.0); alveolar length of maxillary toothrow, 4.5 (4.2-4.8). Specimens examined.—Total number, 91, from the following localities, all in California; Del Norte County: Wimer Spring, 1800 ft., 7 mi, E, Smith Hoffmeister—New Subspecies of Peromyscus Truet. 131 River, 4; E. Fk. Illinois River, 1900 ft., 14 mi. S. Oregon line, 4; Patricks Creek, 3 (Calif. Acad. Sci.). Mendocino County: S. Fk. Eel River, 12 mi. S. Garberville, 2; Laytonville, 2 (Calif. Acad. Sci.); 3 mi. S. Covelo, 11; Sherwood, 4 (3 in Calif. Acad. Sci.); 3 mi. W. Summit Mount Sanhedrin, 1; near Hearst, 1 (Calif. Acad. Sci.); 5 mi. N. W. Yorkville, 1. Sonoma County: 7 mi. W. Cazadero, 900-1000 ft., 5; 1 mi. W. Guerneville, 2; Guerneville, 4; 2 mi. 8. Guerneville, 200 ft., 1; Monte Rio (Bohemian Grove), 4 (Calif. Acad. Sci.); Freestone, 7. Marin County: Nicasio, 2 (Calif. Acad. Sci.); Ross, 1. Siskiyou County: 9 mi. W. Happy Camp, 1 (Calif. Acad. Sci.); near Happy Camp, 1 (Calif. Acad. Sci.); Clear Creek, 3 mi. W. Klamath River, 1400 ft., 4; Klamath River, mouth of Clear Creek, 1000 ft., 4; Taylor Creek, 5500 ft., Salmon Mountains, 2 (Los Angeles Mus.). Trinity County: 3 mi. N. N. W. Mad River Bridge, South Fork Mountains, 2900 ft., 2; 1 mi. N. W. Mad River Bridge, 2300 ft., 2; 1 mi. N. Reilley’s Ranch, 3700 ft., South Fork Mountains, 1; Reilley’s Ranch, South Fork Mountains, 3000 ft., 2; Mad River ford, above Ruth, 2700 ft., 13. Peromyscus truei chlorus, new subspecies. Type.—Female, young adult, skin with skull, no. 77194, Mus. Vert. Zool.; Lost Horse Mine, southern end of Little San Bernardino Mountains (=69 miles east of Riverside), Riverside County, California; collected March 9, 1929, by Robert D. Moore, original no. 163. Range.—Interior mountains of southern California, particularly the mountain ranges bordering the western edge of the Mohave and Colorado deserts, including the eastern San Gabriel, San Bernardino, Little San Bernardino, San Jacinto, and Santa Rosa mountains. Diagnosis.—Size: Medium (see measurements); hind foot short; ear large, as long as the hind foot. Color: Pale, resulting from a reduction of black; dorsal tail stripe light brown. Skull: Small; breadth across maxillary arms of zygomata small; auditory bullae relatively large. Comparisons.—From specimens of Peromyscus truei truei from Clark Mountain and the Providence Mountains, San Bernardino County, P. t. chlorus differs in the following characters: Size: Larger; tail longer than body rather than equal to or shorter than body; ears and hind feet slightly shorter. Color: Upper parts paler. Skull: Averaging smaller in nearly all measurements; zygomata weaker and more compressed anteriorly. From specimens of Peromyscus truer from the region of Mount Pinos, California, those of P. t. chlorus differ in shorter hind feet, conspicuously paler color, and a smaller skull with more compressed auditory bullae, narrower and shorter rostrum, and less breadth across maxillary arms of zygomata. From specimens of P. t. martirensis from the Sierra Juarez and Sierra San Pedro Martir of Lower California, P. t. chlorus differs in the following characters: Size: Averaging smaller; ears larger, usually longer than hind foot rather than shorter. Color: Upper parts paler as a result of the mark- edly lighter tone of the ochraceous and basal color-bands; dorsal tail stripe lighter. Skull: Rostrum shorter and heavier; nasals narrower posteriorly; auditory bullae larger but less orbicular; external auditory meatus larger, 132 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Remarks.—P. t. chlorus is isolated from truei, the race to the eastward, by the more barren parts of the Mohave Desert, and thus the two do not intergrade directly. Intergradation may occur to the northwest by way of the San Gabriel Mountains. The specimen from Lytle Creek, in the southeastern end of these mountains, is intermediate in some of its char- acters between chlorus and specimens farther to the northwest, but in the majority of characters is nearest to chlorus, the race to which it is here referred. Intergradation between chlorus and martirensis probably occurs in the area of the Laguna Mountains, San Diego County. Two alcoholic specimens from this area are similar to martirensis in body measurements and proportions, but in coloration, in so far as can be determined, they are intermediate. These specimens are referred to the race martirensis rather than to chlorus, but more material may show the average of the population there to be nearer chlorus. Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements, in millimeters, of 9 adults (6 males, 3 females) from the vicinity of the type locality are: Total length, 202 (184-221); length of tail, 107 (95-116); length of hind foot, 22.4 (21.0-24.0); ear, measured from the notch, dry, 22.6 (20.9-23.9); greatest length of skull, 27.9 (26.8-28.7); basilar length, 20.7 (19.7-21.4); greatest breadth of braincase, 13.0 (12.8-13.2); interorbital constriction, 4.5 (4.2-4.6); length of nasals, 10.4 (9.6-11.0); shelf of bony palate, 4.2 (4.0-4.3); palatine slits, 5.8 (5.4-6.2); diastema, 7.1 (6.5-7.4); postpalatal length, 9.9 (9.4-10.3); alveolar length of maxillary toothrow, 4.2 (4.1-4.3). Specimens examined.—Total number, 45, from the following localities, all in California: San Bernardino County: Hesperia, 2000 ft., 1 (Vert. Coll., San Bernardino Junior College); Lytle Creek, near Stockton Flats, 5000 ft., 1 (Vert. Coll., San Bernardino Junior College); Big Bear Valley, 6700 ft., 3 (Los Angeles Mus.); Saragossa Spr., 7538 ft., 1; Seven Oaks, 5000— 5100 ft., 2; Barton Flats, 6400 ft., 2 (Vert. Coll., San Bernardino Junior College); Santa Ana River, 5500 ft., 1; Fish Creek, 6500 ft., 4; S. Fork Santa Ana River, 6200 ft., 2; Quail Spring, 17 mi. E. Morongo Valley, 4200 ft., 6. Reverside County: Joshua Tree National Monument, 11% mi. N. Lost Horse Well, 4000 ft., 2 (Vert. Coll., San Bernardino Junior College); Lost Horse Mine, 8. end Little San Bernardino Mountains, 6; Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Mountains, 6000 ft., 2; Kenworthy, 4500 ft., 5; Dos Palmos Spr., Santa Rosa Mountains, 3500 ft., 1; Santa Rosa Peak, 7500 ft., 6. Vol. 54, pp. 133-136 September 30, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WAS A NEW SUBSPECIES OF ARREMON SCHLEGELI. BY JOHN T. ZIMMER. In a collection of birds from Colombia recently sent to me for examination by Hermano Nicéforo Maria of the Instituto de La Salle, Bogota, is an excellent new form of Arremon schlegeli which is described herewith. I am grateful to Dr. G. C. A. Junge of the Royal Museum of Natural History at Leiden for his assistance in solving a prob- lem of identity connected with the present study. Names of colors are capitalized when direct comparison has been made with Ridgway’s ‘“‘ Color Standards and Color Nomen- clature.”’ Arremon schlegeli canidorsum, new subspecies. Type-—From San Gil, south of Bucaramanga, eastern Colombia. No. 325,733, American Museum of Natural History. Adult male collected in June, 1939, by Brother Nicéforo Maria. Diagnosis.—Differs from A. s. schlegeli as exemplified by specimens from Santa Marta, Colombia, by having the back dark gray, not yellow; hind neck grayer, less whitish; upper wing-coverts darker and duller yellow; bill with whole upper half of maxilla blackish, from base to tip; rest of bill lemon yellow without any reddish tinge. Range.—At present known only from the type locality. Description of type-—Chin and entire sides and top of the head silky black extending also laterally in a broad area on the sides of the upper breast; hind neck Dark Gull Gray with black tips on the feathers, but somewhat paler laterally where the area adjoins the sides of the breast; back near dark Neutral Gray with a slight tinge of Olive Gray, especially on the rump and upper tail-coverts. Under parts (below the black chin) medially whitish, faintly tinged with gray on the sides of the lower breast and approaching Mouse Gray on the flanks. Remiges blackish with outer edges Slate Gray; primary-coverts slaty; greater upper wing-coverts with outer margins broadly Orange-Citrine; median and lesser series with tips broadly Orange-Citrine X Aniline Yellow; bend of wing Aniline Yellow 26—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasH., Vou. 54, 1941. (133) 134 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Light Cadmium; under wing-coverts mostly grayish with those at bases of secondaries more whitish, all with some yellowish tinge; inner margins of remiges inconspicuously whitish. Tail blackish with outer margins and most of median pair of feathers slaty. Bill (in dried skin) greenish yellow with whole culmen broadly blackish. Feet dull brownish. Wing, 77 mm.; tail, 66; exposed culmen, 14; culmen from base, 18; tarsus, 25. Remarks.—Female like the male in pattern and general coloration but with back tinged with Dark Olive Gray; throat, breast, and sides of belly Light Buff; flanks browner; under tail-coverts pale buff; chin black as in the male; wings patterned as in the male but the edges of the remiges duller blue and the yellow shoulder-patch slightly darker and duller. The single female examined shows traces of a gray stripe over the auriculars and one down the middle of the occiput, both indistinct. Wing, 66.25; tail, 56; culmen from base, 17; tarsus, 23. A young bird, without determined sex, has the upper parts dull Buffy Citrine with some of the black feathering of the head appearing in place; chin black; most of under parts broadly, but not sharply, striped with brownish gray; ground color of throat and belly buffy whitish, of sides brownish buff; under tail-coverts pale buff, unstriped; flanks dull brownish, with dark stripes not conspicuous; wings as in adults but the yellow shoulder-patch much duller. Two adult male paratypes are like the type in color but are smaller; wing, 73.5, 69.5; tail, 64, 58; culmen from base, 17, 17.5; tarsus, 23.5, 22.5. Arremon schlegeli was named by Bonaparte in 1850 (Consp. Gen. Av., I, p. 488) from ‘Am. m.,” from a bird in the Leiden Museum. He described it as having, among other characters, a completely yellow bill and a fuscous gray back. When the specimens from San Gil came to hand, the suspicion promptly arose that they were the true schlegeli and that the yellow-backed form, to which the name had been applied for ninety years, had been wrongly identified. Every author who discussed the species after Bonaparte insisted on the yellow back but I have been unable to find any evidence that the type was examined or the discrepancies in Bonaparte’s description noted. Dr. Junge, of the Leiden Museum, has been kind enough to examine the type for me and reports that Bonaparte’s description is at fault and that the type, a male, has a blackish spot at the base of the culmen and a yellowish green back. This effectively disposes of the doubt as to the proper application of the name and assures the novelty of the birds from San Gil. Berlepsch (1912, Verh. V Int. Orn.-Kongr. Berlin, p. 1107) proposed to restrict the type locality of schlegelz to Santa Marta, Colombia. Hellmayr (1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., XIII, Pt. 11, p. 428) proposed to change this restriction to Caracas, Venezuela. Authors have agreed that there is no distinction between the birds of this species from the two localities. Dr. Junge writes me, however, that the label on the type speci- men gives ‘‘Colombie” from data written on the stand by Temminck. Berlepsch’s restriction to Santa Marta is, therefore, to be followed. Zimmer—A New Subspecies of Arremon Schlegeli. 135 SPECIMENS EXAMINED. A. s. schlegeli.— COLOMBIA: Santa Marta, Valparaiso, 1 o,1 9, 2 (?); Bonda, 1 3’; Onaca, 1 o’, 1 (?); Minca, 3 o’, 3 9, 1 (2); Santa Marta, 1 0; N. Antioquia, 1 (?). A. s. canidorsum.— CoLomMBIA: San Gil, co’ (type), 2 o%, 1 95-2 (7) 1 Specimens in Instituto de La Salle, Bogota, Colombia. ie Benne Stoo} sth aT pa Vol. 54, pp. 137-142 September 30, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

> Soy SS oe AN ISOLATED RACE OF MICROTUS MONTANUS FROM EASTERN WASHINGTON. BY WALTER W. DALQUEST. Unwersity of Washington, Seatile. Fos On March 21, 1938, the writer took an adult male Microtus at Moses Lake, Grant County, Washington. The skull of this specimen was broken by the trap and yet it was noticeably different from skulls of other meadow mice known from Wash- ington. Repeated trips were made to the Moses Lake region in an effort to obtain additional material, but specimens were not taken until March 24, 1940, when Dr. Victor B. Scheffer and the writer caught thirteen adult meadow mice in the Pothole region, ten miles south of Moses Lake (formerly Neppel). Four additional specimens were taken April 15, 1940, one of which was kept alive in the laboratory for several months. =i a ee tre. ~~ —....... The write is indebted to Dr. E. Raymond Hall, of the California Museum K of Vertebrate Zoology, for helpful suggestions and the loan of topotypes of Microtus montanus montanus, and to Mr. Stanley G. Jewett, of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, Oregon, who kindly loaned a i series of Microtus montanus from the Blitzen Valley, Oregon. 7 Comparison of the specimens from the Moses Lake region with other named races of Microtus indicates that the former belong to an undescribed race of Microtus montanus. The new race is named for Professor Trevor Kincaid, of the University of Washington Department of Zoology, and may be known as: Microtus montanus kincaidi, new subspecies. /! Type.—-Adult female, skin and skull number 95084, Calif. Mus. Vert. F Zool., from the Potholes, ten miles south of Moses Lake (Neppel), Grant ’ County, Washington, collected by Walter W. Dalquest, March 24, 1940; original number 1748. Range.—The Moses Lake region, Grant County, Washington. Diagnosis.—Color, in winter pelage, upperparts varying from dark 29—Proc. Bron, Soc. Wass., Vou. 54, 1941, (145) v= Ne Oa ae if 3s 146 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. % chocolate brown to nearly black, paler below; fur long and soft; body aolild Jarge; tail. short; hind foot medium; ear small; skull large, strongly ridged; y posteriOx border of palate smoothly concave. 4 ey Compamsons.—Compared with Microtus montanus montanus, which ' it ‘most cfosdly resembles, kincaidi differs in: basilar length greater; max- illary tooth’ row longer; zygomatic breadth greater; rostrum wider; pos- nee terior border of palate smoothly concave rather than truncate or angular; --. xpostérior cusp of last maxillary molar directed inwards rather than poster- owe iorly, giving a blunt rather than a pointed appearance to the posterior end of the maxillary molar row. Compared with Microtus montanus canescens and Microtus canicaudus, kincaidi can be distinguished at a glance by its large size and dark brown rather than grey color. From Microtus penn- sylvanicus and its subspecies, kincaidi may be separated by its much larger, wider, more ridged and angular skull. Measurements.—(In millimeters.) Six adult males and twelve adult females of Microtus m. kincaidi average, respectively: total length 176.6, 168.0, length of tail 45.1, 43.8, length of hind foot 20.8, 20.8, height of ear from notch 14.0, 13.4, basilar length 28.5, 27.8, length of maxillary molar row 7.3, 7.3, length of nasals 7.8, 7.5, zygomatic breadth 17.2, 16.8, inter- orbital breadth 4.2, 3.7, breadth of braincase 9.5, 9.5, breadth of rostrum 5.7, 5.4. Remarks.—Microtus montanus montanus ranges from California north to eastern Oregon. The range of Microtus m. kincaidi is separated from that of montanus by the Snake River and nearly two hundred miles of desert. The presence in eastern Washington of mice so similar to montanus that their common ancestry can scarcely be doubted and showing but little approach to Microtus montanus canescens indicates a much more extensive range for Microtus montanus in glacial or interglacial times. The region where Microtus m. kincaidi occurs is about twenty by five miles in area, of sand and gravel deposited in an outwash channel of melt water from the last continental glacier. The shifting sand dunes, for which the Moses Lake region is famous, blocked small streams entering the area and formed Moses Lake in the channel of the old glacial river. Wind blowouts in the sandy areas to the south and west of Moses Lake filled with ground water to form the Potholes. The Potholes are rather tem- porary affairs, in constant danger of being destroyed by shifting barchane sand dunes (see U. 8. Geol. Surv. Map, Moses Lake, Washington, Sheet). Some vegetation, consisting of scrub willows, grasses, reeds, and sedges, grows along the shore of Moses Lake and the more permanent potholes and forms the habitat of Mzcrotus m. kincardt. The Quincy Plateau, surrounding the Moses Lake region, is arid, loess- covered, sage-brush desert. No Microtus are known from the Quincy Plateau, although a related genus, Lemmiscus, has been taken there. It is possible that in an earlier, more humid, cycle, the plateau was occupied by Microtus montanus. On at least ten trips to the Moses Lake region between 1938 and 1940, no Microtus were captured, although special efforts were made to secure them, A few runways and cuttings were found, but all appeared to be Dalquest—An Isolated Race of Microtus Montanus. 147 old. In the spring of 1940, meadow mice were swarming in the Potholes. At the type locality twelve specimens were taken in an area of less than an acre, and numerous traps were sprung but empty. Residents in the region state that in some years meadow mice are abundant, but in other years are very scarce. Apparently Microtus m. kincaidi is cyclically abundant. The runways of kincaidi are extremely narrow, considering the size of the mouse. The average width of the runways is about one and one-half inches. The runways were always found near water on damp earth under cover of dense vegetation. As with most Mvicrotus, faeces were deposited in a few chosen places, usually the intersection of two or more runways. Burrows, with heaps of damp earth at their mouths, were abundant. Ten females taken March 24, 1940, were pregnant. The fetuses varied from four to seven in number. A greater number was usually found in the left horn of the uterus of any individual than in the right. The fetuses ranged from six to eighteen millimeters in crown-rump length. Two females taken April 15, 1940, were nursing young. Males with enlarged testes were taken March 21, 1938; also March 24, and April 15, 1940. No young mice were caught on the above dates. This indicates that breeding in Microtus m. kincaidi does not take place to any extent during the winter months, but begins early in March. Specimens examined.—Total number 18 adults, all from Grant County, Washington, as follows: Moses Lake (previously known as Neppel), 1; The Potholes, ten miles south of Moses Lake 17 (two from the collection of Victor B. Scheffer). a ak ge ‘iH Ne b W) isd Fe Vol. 54, pp. 149-150 October 25, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NEW FORM OF TOXOSTOMA FROM HIDALGO. BY ROBERT T. MOORE, California Institute of Technology. The form of the Crissal Thrasher, recently taken by Chester C. Lamb in Hidalgo, Mexico, is so different from the type in the United States National Museum of Toxostoma dorsale dorsale Henry, that I do not hesitate to describe it on the basis of one specimen. Toxostoma dorsale dumosum,! subsp. nov. MEXICAN CRISSAL THRASHER. Type.—Female adult in winter plumage; number 27917, collection of Robert T. Moore; Portezuelo, Hidalgo, Mexico, altitude about 5200 feet; Dec. 17, 1940; collected by Chester C. Lamb. Subspectfic characters.—Differs from Toxostoma dorsale dorsale Henry of New Mexico in being considerably darker above, as well as somewhat darker below; chin-patch whiter (pure white) and larger; size very slightly smaller. Although I have not seen topotypical specimens of Toxostoma dorsale trinitatis Grinnell from Lower California, it is clearly different from this form, for, although it is darker than true dorsale as is trinitatis, it does not seem to be nearly so dark and in size is distinctly very much smaller; the exposed culmen shorter than the measurements given by Grinnell and not so curved, being more like true dorsale. Range.—\Known only from the arid valley about the type locality, which, according to Mr. Lamb’s notes, consists of “‘mesquite trees, tuna and cholla cacti, some cardons and much thorny brush. The surrounding low mountains are very rocky and support brush and cacti.” Measurements.—The unworn type and only specimen measures wing, 91.5 mm., tail 123.1 mm., exposed culmen 32.2 mm., tarsus 31.8 mm. The average measurements of five males and one female, given by Grinnell (Condor, 29, p. 127, 1927) are wing, 98.3 mm., tail 140.0 mm., tarsus 34.4 mm., culmen 36.6 mm. Remarks.—The specimen, which Sutton and Burleigh (Occ. Papers Mus. Zool., La. State Univ., No. 3, April 5, 1939, p. 37) reported from Diamante Pass, Coahuila, March 6th, as dorsale dorsale should be re-examined to determine if it is an intergrade between true dorsale and dumosum. GONIMD INSTI 7; & NOV101941 3) 1 Dumosus equals thorny, referring to the habitat. 30—Proc. Brou. Soc. Wasn., Vor. 54, 1941. 4% | ee, {Tionar mUStLZ Ovar MUS BP oir (epaviahant » AT, WR: ae aR NIT ie my Yf AUR A ANG GES ie ve] oy ay { ay PAS eee aces elias BT ie VeAeaNy AL vin Lena ait rik ahi \ : HN ion CA i «) - wie mere: cients “iwviant pels Tin ee Vol. 54, pp. 151-160 November 17, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE nee SGNIAN INSTI pas BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF \ KSNNGTON Oy . NOV 254 = « } THREE NEW RACES IN THE GENUS OTUS FROM CENTRAL MEXICO. BY ROBERT T. MOORE, California Institute of Technology. Since the review of the Genus Otus of Mexico and Central America by James L. Peters and the author (Auk, Vol. 56, Jan- uary, 1939, pp. 38-56), seven specimens from Mexico of Otus asio related to Otus asio cineraceus and two specimens related to Otus vinaceus (Brewster) have been added to the Moore Col- lection. Furthermore, four new specimens of Otus sinaloensis have been acquired by the Donald R. Dickey Collection. These thirteen individuals give quite a different picture of the relation- ship of Otus asto cineraceus and the race which most authors, including Peters and myself, have come to call Otus asio vina- ceus. In the above-mentioned review (p. 40) we noted three females from the Rio Sestin and Sanctuario, Durango, referred by Miller (Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 20: Art. X, p. 164) to Otus asio aikeni, which we considered more nearly related to Otus asio cineraceus, resembling birds from Reserve, New Mexico, in their broader streakings on both upper and under parts. These birds average somewhat larger than true czneraceus, but not so large as a series of Otus asto aikeni from Colorado, which, because of lack of adequate material, was not perceived by Ridg- way (Bull. 50, U. S. Nat’l Mus., Part VI, p. 695), and are darker throughout than azkeni. That these birds might be intergrades with some undiscovered race farther south was sus- pected by the author at the time; in fact a single new female from Ojito, Durango, pointing to this conclusion, came into my possession just after the review had gone to press. Our fresh material reveals the following picture: (1) An undescribed larger and darker (more black and white) race of Otus asio belonging to the 31—Proc. Biot. Soc, WasH., Vou. 54, 1941. (151) GAY 152 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. cineraceus-gilmani-xantusi group, ranging east-west across the Central Plateau! from Aguascalientes to Hidalgo; (2) A second undescribed browner race of the cineraceus group, much smaller than swttoni, inhabiting the southwest end of the Central Plateau north of the Rio Balsas and carrying the range of the cineraceus group southwestward in a semicircle from southwestern Arizona east through New Mexico, thence south through Chihuahua to Durango, thence to Jalisco, part of it north and part east of the great Sierra Madre range inhabited by the vinaceus-sinaloensis group. This new prong to the range of the cineraceus group continues the curving semicircle west around and exactly south of the vinaceus group; (3) A most surprising undescribed huge race of the vinaceus group, inhabiting Micho- acan, carrying this group seven hundred miles farther southeast straight across the semicircular range of the cineraceus group. The result of this curious crossing of ranges is that we find a breeding pair of race (2) men- tioned above, at Atoyac, Jalisco, with vinaceus due north of it, while south- east of this new race and not one hundred miles away at Apatzingan, Micho- acan, is another race of vinaceus. These last two races, so close geographic- ally, are very much farther apart in characters than cineraceus of Arizona and vinaceus of Chihuahua-Sinaloa. Furthermore, vagrant dispersion does not enter into the picture, for the two groups were taken within twenty days of each other, one a nesting pair and at least one individual of the other in the breeding period. The conspecific concept of vinaceus and cineraceus as races of Otus asto seems invalidated. As a further complication the Michoacan representative of vinaceus, although markedly differentiated from every other known Otus, has the large size and feet, and on the toes the thick bristles (without fine hairs extending from the rachis) of Otus cooperi and in some ways is intermediate between cooperi and vinaceus. Considering all relationships possible for this Michoacan bird, two will be ruled out by all competent students of Otus. It is not a trichopsis nor a guatemalae Four concepts are possible. (1) This undescribed form may be anew species. Although possible, this seems an undesirable solution, except as a last resort, obstructing progress in the modern interpretation of inter- specific relationship. (2) It may be conspecific with coopert. (3) It may be conspecific with the vinaceus-sinaloensis group and cooperi. (4) It may be the connecting link, proving the conspecific relationship of the entire Otus asio group with both the vinaceus-sinaloensis group and cooper. This is the most deszrable solution of all, but will analysis support it? Let us first reconsider the possibility that Ridgway (Bull. 50, U. S. Nat’l Mus., Part VI, p. 708) may have been rirht in considering vinaceus closer to Otus cooperi, than to Otus asio cineraceus, concept (3) above. When Ridgway wieghed this problem, there was extant one specimen of the vinaceus group, the type of Megascops vinaceus Brewster. When the review of “‘Genus Otus”’ (opus cit.) was published in 1939 there were six. To-day there are twelve known individuals, the above type in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, four specimens of sinaloensis in the Dickey Col- north-south from Chihuahua and Coahuila to Jalisco, Michoacan and the state of Mexico, the ‘‘Central Plateau.’’ Moore—Three New Races in the Genus Otus. 153 lection, seven individuals in the Moore Collection, consisting of two vina- ceus, three sinaloensis and two of the undescribed race from Michoacan. All of these have certain characters in common, differentiating them from the Oius asio group: (1) toes bristled, or in sinaloensis having both inter- mediate and true bristles, (2) average tail-length proportionately longer than in races of Otus asio (obviously longer than half the length of the wing), whereas according to my measurements and those of Ridgway (Bull. U.S. Nat’! Mus. No. 50, Pt. VI, pp. 687-704) the average tail length in all races of asio, except possibly mcecalliz, is slightly shorter than one-half the wing, at least in one sex or the other. (These differences are not great and would be unimportant, except as part of general cumulative evidence.), (3) the color pattern although close to that of Otus asio group, differs in all three forms and every specimen in having the streaking on under parts hairlike, the “herringbone”? marks so obscured that at first glance no bars appear to exist and actually do not in the Michoacan birds, (4) the dots of the vermi- culation of posterior under parts are more frequent and thick, extending posteriorly and continuously over the thighs, so that no plain white areas occur, as in the asio group, (5) the so-called “vinaceus”’ (Benzo Brown) coloration of upper parts, progresses as we proceed southward, into a more Avellaneous or Vinaceous-Fawn tone, whereas in the asio group a brownish gray coloration proceeds in just the opposite direction toward a sharply con- trasted pure black-white coloration in the undescribed Otus asio race of the southern Hidalgo-Aguascalientes belt of the Central Plateau, (6) the toes, in proportion to wing have the somewhat larger size of Otus cooperi, (7) the quadrate dark spots on outer webs of ninth, eighth and seventh primaries are regularly vermiculated, except in the Michoacan race. Otus coopert possesses five of the above seven characters, but in the second (2) its average (and individual) tail length is always obviously and consider- ably shorter than one-half the wing length, and in the third (3), although possessing an equally continuous vermiculation and equally narrow streak- ing, reveals only vestigial remnants or none of the dark blotches on the sides of breast and nuchal collar. But the significant thing is that the undescribed Michoacan race of the vinaceus group, has assimilated two characters of cooperz, not possessed by the vinaceus group. (1) extremely large size, if not larger size than cooperi, including large feet, toes and claws, (2) absence of vermiculation on the darker quadrate spots on the outer webs of the ninth, eighth and seventh primaries. Finally, the speci- men of cooperz in the British Museum from Cacoprieto, Oaxaca, fills in an important gap in the range between coopert and the vinaceus group. Summing it up, (1) the presence of a markedly contrasting breeding race of Otus asio in the middle of the range of the vinaceus group seems to destroy the conspecific concept of Otus asio with the vinaceus group; (2) the unde- scribed race from Michoacan fills in the gap in characters between the vina- ceus group and cooperi (the author does not deem the proportionately shorter tail amounting to a difference of a few millimeters a significant specific difference); the gaps left in the anticipated continuous range of the species, which may eventually be known by the specific name of cooperi, are large but not unexpected in this group of owls so difficult to collect, 154 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Representatives of cooperi and vinaceus have now been taken within four hundred and fifty miles of each other, assuming the authors of the Biologia Centrali-Americana (Aves III, 19) were right in assigning the Cacoprieto specimen from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to cooperi, which I believe to be correct, although I have not seen this specimen in the British Museum recently. However, because these gaps are still large, I hesitste to assert the conspecific relation of the vinaceus group with coopert, although I believe this decision must eventually be made. This paper is no place for a com- prehensive analysis. For the above reasons and others I deem it best at present to accept concept (3)—a conspecific relationship with the vinaceus group only, separating it from the aszo group. This concept seems more desirable to me than the assumption of conspecific relation with coopert, until more material is available. It gives me great pleasure to acknowledge the courtesy displayed in the loan of material or otherwise, by Dr. Herbert Friedmann and the United States National Museum, Dr. George Miksch Sutton and Cornell University, Mrs. Donald R. Dickey and Mr. Adrian van Rossem, Mr. George Willett, the Los Angeles Museum and Dr. Louis B. Bishop. Otus asio suttoni.? PLATEAU SCREECH OWL. Type.—Female adult in winter plumage, number 27962, collection of Robert T. Moore; Portezuelo, Hidalgo, Mexico, about 5800 feet, December 19, 1940; collected by Chester C. Lamb. Subspecific characters.—Resembling Otus asio semplei Sutton and Burleigh, but differs in having general coloration more purely black and white throughout; the upper parts darker (more black and dark gray, rather than black and dark brown); the streaking on the pileum much more separated (less solid); the auriculars grayer (less brownish); the primary coverts and portions of greater wing coverts immediately above them more blackish (less brownish) margined with whitish, not with buff; the white areas of chin and upper throat pure white, as contrasted with the buffy areas of semplez; the ground color of the legs pure white instead of Cinnamon-Buff*; and in most specimens, the lighter spots on the under surface of the secondaries and proximal primaries usually pinker, rather than more tan color; wing larger; toes well feathered, not partially bristled asin both semplei and mccallit. Differs from mccallii (Cassin) much more than from semplei in being very much darker; more black and white (less brownish) throughout; the toes much more heavily feathered. Suttoni differs from O. a. cineraceus of Arizona in being darker, more black and white (less brownish) throughout; the streak- ing above being considerably wider and somewhat wider below; white areas on chin and upper throat whiter (less buffy); vermiculations on breast and 2 I take pleasure in naming this for Dr. George Miksch Sutton, because of his work in regions of northeastern Mexico adjoining that of the range of this new form and because of the courtesy shown to me in the loan of his valuable series of Otus asio semplei from northern Nuevo Leon. 3 Names of colors in this paper, when capitalized, are taken from Ridgway’s ‘‘ Color Standards and Color Nomenclature,’’ 1912. Moore—Three New Races in the Genus Otus. 155 upper abdomen less heavy and more blackish; the large light spots on the underside of the secondaries and proximal primaries much darker, in most specimens distinctly pinkish; size larger. Range.—The south-central portion of the Central Plateau, ranging west from Hidalgo through Queretaro to Aguascalientes, thence north to Durango and probably to southern New Mexico. Average Measurements.— Culmen Wing Tail from Cere Males. 2 ads. semplei 6 ads. suttoni 153.6 (152.0-155.2) 81.4 (80.1-82.7) 13.9 (13.6-14.1) 161.9 (156.9-166.4) 80.4 (74.4-84.8) 13.9 (13.5-14.0) 10 ads. mecallii................ 152.1 (145.4-160.1) 77.3 (72.3-82.6) 13.7 (13.2—-14.5) Females. Siads. semplet.— == 159.1 (155.5-162.7) 80.8 (78.1-82.0) 14.3 (13.6-15.0) Dadse sutton. 164.9 (152.1-167.7) 78.8 (75.0-82.6) 12.8 (12.5-13.1) 8 ads. mecallat........._...... 154.6 (150.9-160.6) 79.6 (74.3-82.3) Specimens examined.—Suitoni—Hidalgo: Portezuelo 1 2 (Type, Dec. 19); Queretaro: El Caracol 1 (Dec. 9); Aguascalientes: San Jacinto 29 (Oct. 14-22); Durango: Sanctuario 1. (Feb. 22), Rio Sestin 29 (Apr. 4-May 3), Ojito lim. 2 (Aug. 26). Semplec—Nuevo Leon: Topotypical specimens, including type, from Mesa de Chipinque near Monterrey 27 2 2 (Feb. 12- May 5), near Monterrey 2 9, Montemorelos 1 2 (Apr. 3). Mccallii—Texas, Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon: large series listed by Moore and Peters (loc. cit. p. 41). Remarks.—Suttoni finds its best expression in the southern portion of the Central Plateau from Hidalgo through Queretaro to Aguascalientes and north to Durango. The birds of southern New Mexico are nearly inter- mediate between cineraceus and suitoni, having the heavier markings and streakings below and above, as well as larger size, of suttoni. So far no rufous phase specimen has been found of the new race, as compared with the presence of such specimens both in mecalliz and semplez, but not in ciner- aceus. In one other respect cineraceus and the birds of the Central Plateau (suttoni and the undescribed race from Jalisco) are more alike in having the toes well feathered, as contrasted with the slightly bristled toes of both semplei and mccalliz, the latter two being the only ones, except rantusi, of the Otus asio group which possess these intermediate kind of bristles. Otus asio sortilegus,‘ subsp. nov. JALISCO SCREECH OWL. Type.—Female adult breeding, number 17038, collection of Robert T, Moore; 3 miles west of Atoyac, Jalisco, Mexico, about 4200 feet, February 25, 1940; collected by Chester C. Lamb. Subspecific characters.—Differing more markedly from O. a. suttoni, whose range lies geographically between it and O. a. cineraceus, it is nearest to the latter, but it differs in having upper parts darker; throat and sides of neck grayer; the fine dots and marks of the vermiculation of the under parts 4 From the Latin sortilegus —foretelling, referring to the revealing of the status of the relationship of the Otus vinaceus group, with cooperi. 156 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. much more numerous; the legs more cinnamon; under wing coverts and axillars more buffy; feathering on toes slightly more scanty, but not consisting of bristles. It differs from sutton in having the upper and under parts browner (less black and white); the streaking above and below more narrow; the vermiculation of the breast and abdomen heavier and browner; the axillars and under wing coverts more buffy; the light spots on the under side of secondaries and proximal primaries more buffy, less pinkish; the legs darker and more buffy; the toes more scantily feathered, but not bristled; size smaller. Range.—Known only from a pair of birds, male and female, from near Atoyac, Jalisco, at 4200 feet altitude, the male, according to Mr. Lamb, having been caught by hand in the nesting hole in a mesquite. Measurements.— Culmen Wing Tail trom Cere lad. o& sortilegus................ 150.7 76.3 13.9 3 ad. o's cineraceus.............. 148.8 (146.9-152.3) 76.2 (73.7-78.0) 12.9 (12.4-13.2) lad. @ sortilegus................ 154.9 80.5 14.2 8 ad. 9s cineraceus............- 156.8 (143.8-164.4) 79.5 (76.5-84.8) 13.4 (12.2-14.3) Specimens examined.—Sortilegus:—Jalisco: near Atoyac 1o7 192 (Type, Feb. 25-26 breeding). Cineraceus—The specimens listed in the American Museum of Natural History and Biological Survey (Auk, vol. 56, January, 1939, p. 40); also specimens in the Donald R. Dickey Collection—Arizona: Bonita Canyon, Chiricahua Mts. 10 1 9 (Feb. 20—May 5), Fort Lowell2 7 292 (Dec. 27—Apr. 17). Intergrades with sutioni—New Mexico: Reserve 1 (Apr. 29). Remarks.—Sortilegus is a bird of the mesquite association and heavily forested flat valleys, consisting of large trees, in addition to the mesquites, such as ‘‘ Higueras, Guamuchils, Capulins,’’ as well as extensive growth of “Pitaya Cacti.”’ Mr. Lamb writes that the area is a huge valley, fifty miles long and from five to ten miles wide “‘absolutely flat,” which once contained an extensive series of lakes—dry for the past six years. Although sortilegus is nearer to cineraceus of Arizona, it is separated from it by the eastern portion of the range of suttoni (Aguascalientes to Durango). Birds of the last taken at San Jacinto, Aguascalientes, only 180 miles north of the type locality of sortzlegus are the most extreme black and white examples of suttont, differing much more from the Jaliscan birds than do the birds of Arizona. Otus vinaceus seductus, subsp.® nov. MICHOACAN SCREECH OWL. Type.—Male adult, number 25468, collection of Robert T. Moore; 5 miles northeast of Apatzingan, Michoacan, altitude 1000 feet; February 5, 1940; collected by Chester C. Lamb. Subspecific characters.—Larger than both previously described races of Otus vinaceus vinaceus (Brewster) and fully as large as Otus cooper (Ridg- 5 Seductus —remote, referring to the great extension of the habitat of the species into southern Mexico. Moore—Three New Races in the Genus Otus. 157 way), both in general measurements and feet, nearest to the former, but differing in having the upper parts very much darker, but general tone of underparts almost exactly the same, except that the chin is much whiter (pure white) ; the upper throat less buffy; the light spots on the wing coverts and scapulars pure white instead of pure buff; the dark quadrate spots on the outer webs of the ninth, eighth and seventh primaries, counting from outside, not so heavily vermiculated; the auriculars very much darker, browner instead of gray; the lores pure white instead of barred with gray; the toes bristled; size much larger, at least twenty per cent. As compared with sinaloensis, the differences are about the same as with vinaceus, except that, although the upper parts are very much darker (browner), the under parts are actually lighter, particularly on the center of the abdomen, center of breast throat and chin; the contrast is greater, but the light spots on the wing coverts and scapulars are only a trifle whiter. Compared with Otus coopert, seductus is just as large and has just as large feet, but differs in being darker, browner above; much browner on the auriculars; much whiter on the lores and chin and has the typical aszo dark spotted nuchal collar, extending from the auriculars around the throat, which is either lacking, or merely vestigial in cooperz; the tail considerably longer than half the length of wing, instead of considerably shorter; a dark brownish eye-ring, instead of gray. Range.—Known only from the two specimens in the Moore Collection, taken in different parts of Michoacan. Average Measurements.— Culmen Middle Toe 6 Wing Tail From Cere Minus Claw Seductus. 2ad.d's .... 175.3 (169.2-181.3) 92.5 (89.3-95.7) 14.9 (13.7-16.0) 17.9 (17.4-18.3) Cooperi. 6 ad. o's 166.3 (162.1-174.1) 80.2 (73.8-87.2) 15.1 (13.9-16.0) 16.07 8 ad. Qs 171.3 (163.0-177.9) 81.4 (76.5-84.2) 15.8 (15.4-16.0) 17.8 (17.5-18.1) Vinaceus.8 sad. 9s 149.1 (145.5-154.5) 76.4 (74.8-78.2) 13.9 (13.8-14.0) 15.2 (14.5-15.6) Sinaloensis. 3 ad. o's 140.2 (136.0-142.4) 73.6 (71.6—-75.2) 12.6 (12.4-12.8) 14.4 (13.2-15.3) Sinaloensis. 1 ad. 9 148.0 74.7 14.0 15.2 Specimens examined.—Seductus—Michoacan: near Apatzingan 1 @ (Type Feb. 5), Chinapa 1¢@ (Jan. 1). Otus cooperi—Costa Rica: Esparta 16 2 9 1 Im. 2 (Mch. 26-27). Also the specimens in the American Museum of Natural History and the United States National Museum (Auk, vol. 56, Jan. 1939, p. 48). 6 Asit would be necessary to destroy the feathers to measure this distance in the usual way,, I place the point of the micrometer at the point where the distal margin of the integ- ument between the middle and outer toe reaches its most proximal point and then mea- sure from there to the distal end of the middle toes, where integument ends on the base of the claw. 7 Lacking this measurement for all six specimens, I took it of the largest individual, a specimen in the Moore Collection from Esparta, Costa Rica. 8 No males have yet been taken of this race; of sinaloensis one male and one female are intergrades and not included in measurements. 158 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Remarks.—Both of our male specimens of seductus seem to be in the gray phase, because both specimens are the same depth of tone on the under parts as the under parts of my four specimens of the light phase of coopert and of my two females of winaceus, of which only the gray phase is known. Nevertheless, on the upper parts both males of seductus are much darker than the upper parts of either vinaceus or cooperi, having in an extraordi- narily dark coloration between Warm Sepia and Verona Brown of Ridgway. No specimen in any other phase has been taken. No rufous phase specimen has been secured either of cooper or of the vinaceus group, nor is it certain that any of the three races of the vinaceus group has more than one gray phase; however, I have seen only three of the four specimens of s¢naloensis in the Dickey Collection. One of these, a male taken at Agiabamhbo, south- western Sonora, on May 19, 1937, which has not yet been given a catalogue number, has the printed name of ‘Robert G. Hannum” on its tag. This individual lies about half way between the darker coloration of all the rest of the specimens of sinaloensis and my two intergrades from the higher altitude of the Guirocoba Ranch in southeastern Sonora (Proce. Biol. Soc. of Wash., Vol. 50, April 21, 1937, pp. 64-65). The Agiabampo individual is certainly not sufficiently different from all the others to make one con- clude two phases are involved. Incidentally, these recently taken specimens in the Dickey Collection amply prove the validity of sinaloensis and bring the total specimens in col- lections to five from the coastal plains, in addition to the two intergrades from the cypress-palo blanco association of the Guirocoba area. They prove that sinaloensis is very much darker gray and very much more vermicu- lated below than vinaceus; considerably darker above; with the light colored marks on the scapulars and wing coverts much whiter. The fact that the two individuals of seductus are both males would seem to indicate that the taking of females will prove it to be an extraordinarily large Screech Owl. The type of seductus has a larger wing (181.3 mm.) than any one of the fifteen specimens of cooperi, which I have measured, the largest one being a female (177.9 mm.). In the table of measurements above, I was not able to give a good comparison of size of the feet of seductus and cooperi from measurements of the middle toe without claw taken in the usual manner. However, I do have a fair comparison for the measurement of the middle toe from the base of the second joint to the point where the integument ends on the base of the claw. This measurement of the two male seductus average 19.9 mm., whereas the same measurement of six adult males of coopert average 18.9mm. It would appear from all measure- ments that seductus is not only just as large as cooperi, but probably larger. It is believed by some that the feet of cooperi are very much larger in proportion to the size of the bird than the feet of other species of Screech Owls. Taking the percentage of the ratio of the middle toe minus claw, measured from the angle between the middle toe and outer toe, to the wing, I find that in cooperz it is 10.1 per cent, seductus 10.2, vinaceus 10.2, sina- loensis 10.2, xantusi 9.2, cineraceus 9.5, semplez 9.6, suttont 8.6, sortilegus 9.0, mecallit 9.6, guatemalae vermiculatus 11.2 and guwatemalae tomlini 10.0. These measurements cover a series of females of each race except for seduc- Moore—Three New Races in the Genus Otus. 159 tus. From the above it appears that the five races of Otus asio of Mexico and the southern boundary States of the United States (mccallii, cineraceus, xantust, suttoni, and sortilegus) have the middle toe from one half to one per cent proportionately smaller than cooperi, whereas all of the three races of 0. vinaceus (vinaceus, sinaloensis, seductus) have the middle toe proportion- ately just as large as cooperi, in fact very slightly larger, while proportion- ately longest toes were found in a race of a different species, Otus guatemalae vermiculatus, namely 11.2 per cent. Two deductions can be made from the above measurements, (1) coopert does not have extraordinarily large feet in proportion to its size, (2) the vinaceus group is closer to cooperi in this character than is the asio group. The relation of Otus asio xantusi to the vinaceus group is an interesting one. Like other southern races of asio, such as mecallit and semplet, it has the toes more sparsely feathered, but not bristled, since the calamus is very small as in the asio group and each one has several hair-like appendages, resembling filoplumes. These are very different from the enlarged calami of the bristles of cooperi or seductus, which seldom have hair-like appendages. Xantusi also resembles the vinaceus group in the buffy spotting on the nape and upper back and the vermiculation, in most specimens, on the quadrate darker marks on the outer webs of the ninth, eighth and seventh primaries. However, it is a true aszo in its color pattern, having the large dark blotches on sides of breast, the conspicuous streaks on the upper parts, the less heavily vermiculated abdomen, pale under wing coverts and the very large white spots on the wing coverts and scapulars. Now that we have a good series of s¢naloensis, it is proved to be more markedly different from xantusi than seemed true when sinaloensis was described. This paper makes no attempt to reach a final conclusion concerning the relationships of these difficult races, but does urge the desirability of temp- orarily holding together the vinaceuws assemblage as one conspecific group until the accumulation of more material may prove this course unwise. In any event, the intrusion of an extreme type of asio, sortilegus, near to the habitat of the utterly different and huge vinaceus-group race, seductus, must be satisfactorily explained. If this can be done and the character dif- ferences between the two groups proved unimportant, so as to show that the vinaceus group is conspecific with the asio group, then it might be desirable to go even farther and include sedwctws and cooperi with them as one conspecific concept. YOO7S Vol. 54, pp. 161-164 December 8, 1941 PROCEEDINGS —__ OF THE Ze AQN\AN INST BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY QFCWASHINGTON “75. DEC 301 v% NEW CLETHRIONOMYS FROM UTAH AND PENNSYLVANIA. BY J. KENNETH DOUTT. For several years the Carnegie Museum has been making a study of the mammals of the Uinta Basin and adjacent mountain ranges in northeastern Utah. Critical examination of some of this material has demonstrated the occurrence of an undescribed _ race of red-backed mice in the Uinta Mountains which may be known as follows: Clethrionomys gapperi uintaensis, subsp. nov. Type.—Adult male, skin and skull, no. 9436, Carnegie Museum; from Paradise Park, 10,050 feet, 45 miles by road northwest of Vernal, Uintah County, Utah; collected by J. Kenneth Doutt; July 14, 1933; original number 1900. Range.—Boreal Zone in the Uinta Mountains of northeastern Utah. General characters—Similar to Clethrionomys gappert galei from Ward, Colorado, but head and cheeks grayer; sides and back paler; belly whiter. Distinguished from Clethrionomys gapperi idahoensis from Sawtooth City, Idaho, by yellowish rather than grayish sides; paler, more yellowish dorsum; backs of hind feet lighter; rump yellowish rather than grayish; belly whiter. Color.—Type: Head, between eyes, Smoke Gray (Capitalized color terms from Ridgway, 1912), spot at base of vibrissae Blackish Brown. Center of back Auburn shading to Pinkish Buff on the sides. Belly white, darkened by the Blackish Slate underfur showing through. Tail above Clove Brown, below Olive Buff. Feet above Pale Drab-Gray. Skull.—Type: Larger and heavier than Clethrionomys gapperi galei, with longer and heavier rostrum; braincase narrower; zygomatic arches less spreading anteriorly; anterior palatine slits longer; auditory bullae slightly larger. Similar in size and shape to Clethrionomys gapperi ida- hoensis but zygomatic arches slightly more spreading anteriorly; nasals slightly broader at the tip; auditory bullae slightly larger and more globular; diastema longer; anterior palatine slits longer. In most adult specimens of uintaensis the posterior extension of the premaxillae end even with the nasals while in idahoensis they project back beyond the nasals. 32—Proc. Brox. Soc. Wash., Vou. 54, 1941. (161) 162 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 155 mm.; tail, 47; hind foot, 19; ear, 19; weight, 30 grams. Skull: Condylobasal length, 24.2; interorbital breadth, 4.1; zygomatic width, 13.2; anterior palatine slits, 4.6; height of skull at bullae, 9.4; alveolar length of upper tooth row, 5.6; diastema, 7.2; length of nasals, 7.4; width of nasals at tip, 3.2. Averages and extremes of five adult male topotypes: Total length, 145.6 (140-153); tail, 39.8 (37-41); hind foot, 19.4 (19-20); ear, 15 (14-17); weight, 25.5 (23-30) grams. Skull, average of four: Condylobasal length, 24.96 (24.7-25.1); interorbital breadth, 4.05 (3.7-4.2); zygomatic width, 13.3 (13.1-18.4); length of anterior palatine slits, 5.07 (4.8-5.4); height of skull at bullae, 9.45 (9.0-9.8); alveolar length of upper tooth row, 5.52 (5.4-5.7); diastema, 7.5 (7.2-7.6); length of nasals, 7.27 (6.8-7.8); width of nasals at tip, 2.95 (2.7-3.1). One adult female topotype: Total length, 148; tail, 40; hind foot, 20; ear, 18; weight, 38 grams. Skull: Condylobasal length, 24.1; interorbital breadth, 4.1; zygomatic width, 13.0; anterior palatine slits, 4.7; height of skull at bullae, 9.3; alveolar length of upper tooth row, 5.5; diastema, 7.2; length of nasals, 7.5; width of nasals at tip, 2.8. Remarks.—This race is most similar in color to specimens of Clethrionomys gappert galet from Ward, Colorado, but differs from them in slightly paler color and decidedly grayer head. The skull of uintaensis is larger, the nasals are longer and more expanded at the tip; the palatine slits are longer, and the rostrum viewed from above is longer and broader. From idaho- ensis, uintaensis is distinguished at once by the yellowish rather than gray sides and rump, and by the lighter, more yellowish color of the back. Specimens examined.—Nine from the type locality and one from 15 miles north of Mountain Home, Duchesne County, Utah. Examination of the red-backed mice occurring in Pennsylvania has shown that specimens from what was once Pymatuning Swamp (now Pymatuning Reservoir) also represent an undescribed race of Clethrionomys which may be known as follows: Clethrionomys gapperi paludicola, subsp. nov. Type.—Adult male, skin and skeleton, no. 7634,Carnegie Museum; from Pymatuning Swamp, 1000 feet, 4 miles west of Linesville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania; collected by J. Kenneth Doutt; April 11, 1932; original number 1080. Range.—Known only from the vicinity of Pymatuning Reservoir. General characters.—Similar to Clethrionomys gappert gapperi from Parry Sound and Nipissing districts, Ontario, Canada, but back lighter, more golden, sides paler, belly more washed with buffy. Distinguished from carolinensis by much lighter, more yellowish, color of the back and sides; belly and underside of tail paler and more washed with buffy. Back and sides paler and more yellowish than rhoadsi, belly more buffy. Color.—Type: Head between eyes Buffy Brown streaked with black, back between Mikado Brown and Snuff Brown; sides between Pinkish Buff and Doutt—New Clethrionomys from Utah and Pennsylvania. 163 Cinnamon Buff, darkened by the slaty bases of the underfur showing through; lateral line from chin to rump Pinkish Buff; belly Light Buff; tail above Clove Brown, below Light Drab; hind feet above Pallid Neutral Gray. Skull.—Type: Larger and heavier than Clethrionomys gappert gapperi; rostrum heavier; braincase wider; interorbital and zygomatic width greater. Distinguished from Clethrionomys gapperi rhoadsi by wider braincase and greater zygomatic width. Very similar to Clethrionomys carolinensis, but distinguished by greater zygomatic width, larger auditory bullae, and wider braincase. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 149 mm.; tail, 44; hind foot, 19; ear, 15; weight, 30 grams. Skull: Condylobasal length, 24.6; interorbital breadth, 4.3; zygomatic width, 14.2; anterior palatine slits, 5.0; height of skull at bullae, 9.5; alveolar length of upper tooth row, 5.0; diastema, 7.5; length of nasals, 7.3; width of nasals at tip, 2.7; width of braincase, 11.7. Averages and extremes of the type and ten adult male topotypes: Total length, 148.7 (145-153); tail, 40.8 (86-45); hind foot, 19.1 (18-20); ear, 14.36 (13-15); weight, 32.75 (80.0-38.5) grams. Skull, average of eleven: Condylobasal length, 24.76 (24.2-25.6); interorbital breadth, 4.1 (3.2-4.5); zygomatic width, 14.53 (13.9-15.0); anterior palatine slits, 4.89 (4.4-5.3); height of skull at bullae, 9.38 (8.9-10.0); alveolar length of upper tooth row, 5.26 (4.9-5.6); diastema, 7.36 (6.8-7.7); length of nasals, 7.42 (7.0- 7.7); width of nasals at tip, 2.86 (2.6-3.2); breadth of braincase, 11.22 (10.4-11.7). Averages and extremes of five adult female topotypes: Total length, 153 (149-160); tail, 43.2 (39-48); hind foot, 19.2 (19-20); ear, 15.2 (14-16); weight, 29.7 (21.0-33.6) grams. Skull, average of five: Condylobasal length, 24.58 (24.2-25.5); interorbital breadth, 4.04 (3.7-4.2); zygomatic width, 14.2 (13.8-14.7); anterior palatine slits, 4.7 (4.4-5.2); height of skull at bullae, 9.36 (9.0-9.7); alveolar length of upper tooth row, 5.3 (5.1-5.8); diastema, 7.36 (7.1—-7.7); length of nasals, 7.36 (7.0-7.6); width of nasals at tip, 2.7 (2.4-3.0); breadth of braincase, 11.32 (11.0-11.6). Remarks.—Clethrionomys gapperi is a widely distributed species in the northern part of its range, but towards the southern limit it becomes restricted to isolated bogs or mountain tops. In these latter situations it is cut off from other members of its kind. Each of these communities may develop distinctive characteristics and finally produce recognizable geo- graphic races. This new race seems to be well marked both by color and skull characters, although there is considerable variation in the series. In some, the buffy wash on the belly is very light, in others the lateral line is indistinct or lacking, and in others the hind feet are considerably darker. Even in the extremes of variation, however, there are few specimens which approach Clethrionomys carolinensis, Clethrionomys gapperi gapperi or Clethrionomys gappert rhoadsi in color. Merriam (1888) described Clethrionomys carolinensis as a full species, but until recently I have felt that it should be considered a subspecies of 164 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. gappert. However, the present study has suggested that gapperi and carolinensis may be distinct species with ranges which overlap in parts of Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Maryland. The characters which separate the two species are not well marked, but the skulls of carolinensis are distinctly broader. The infra-orbital shield flares out abruptly and the skulls are wider across the zygomatic arches. Two complete skulls and a broken one from the type locality of carolinensis, one specimen from ten miles southwest of Pearisburg, Giles County, Virginia, and six specimens from Garrett County, Maryland, two miles east of Cranesville (West Virginia), are all very similar in skull characters to the Pymatuning series. Specimens from Kane, McKean County; Cresson, Cambria County; near Meyersdale, Somerset County, Pennsylvania; and near Cheat Bridge Post Office, Randolph County, West Virginia, are all similar in this respect to specimens of Clethrionomys gappert gappert from Parry Sound and Nipissing districts, Ontario. This seems to be explained most simply by assuming that two species are found in the area, one ranging from Canada southward at least to Randolph County, West Virginia, and the other ranging from North Carolina northward to Crawford County, Pennsylvania. Unfortu- nately the material now available is not sufficient to demonstrate whether or not this assumption is correct, so I have described this new race as a subspecies of gapperz. If further study should show that carolinensis is a good species, this new race should then be considered a subspecies of it. Specimens examined.—Sixty-one from the vicinity of Pymatuning Swamp, Crawford County, Pennsylvania. LITERATURE CITED. Rineway, R. 1912. Color Standards and Color Nomenclature. (Washington, pub- lished by the author) pp. iv + 44, color pl. 1-53. Merriam, C. H. 1888. Remarks on the Fauna of the Great Smoky Mountains; with Description of a new species of Red-backed Mouse (Evotomys Carolinensis). Amer. Jour. Sci., Ser. 3, vol. 36, pp. 458-460. 06 7~ Vol. 54, pp. 165-168 December 8, 1941 PROCEEDINGS —_—— ome ZAG \ISONIAN INSI/7,~ et BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW LIZARD OF THE GENUS UTA FROM ARIZONA. BY M. B. MITTLEMAN! Despite a comparatively large range, Uta ornata linearis is remarkably constant in all of its diagnostically important features. Occasionally, local varieties are encountered which appear distinct enough to warrant some sort of formal designa- tion. In every case, however, a careful study of these indicates that the supposed race or species falls entirely within the range of variation of U. o. linearis, and is not satisfactorily separable from this latter subspecies. Nonetheless, a series of specimens from a comparatively isolated portion of the range of linearis has come to my attention; these constantly exhibit several traits which are not in keeping with those of linearis as they occur elsewhere in the range of this race. Since the distinctive morphological constancy is correlated with a definite geographic distribution, a subspecific designation is warranted, and the race may be called: Uta ornata chiricahuae, subsp. nov. Type.—Museum of Vertebrate Zoology No. 7751, male; collected in Pinery Canyon, Chiricahua Mountains, 6,000 ft., Cochise County, Arizona, by J. E. Law, May 10, 1919. Paratypes.—Thirty-six, as follows: M.V.Z. Nos. 7747-50; 7752-78; 8190; same data as type. M.V.Z. Nos. 13837-40, Dos Cabezos Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona. Diagnosis.—Resembling Uta ornata linearis superficially, but differing in the greater size of the enlarged dorsal scales; the extension of the vertebral series of enlarged scales onto the basal portion of the tail for a greater distance; greater proportionate width of the head; and a different arrange- ment of colors and pattern. 1 Contribution No. 22, from the Department of Zoology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio. 33—Proc, Brox. Soc. WasH., Vou. 54, 1941, (166) 4d 166 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Description of type.—Two, occasionally three, rows of enlarged, keeled, imbricate, irregularly arranged vertebral scales, extending from a point a trifle craniad of the insertions of the fore limbs posteriorly onto the basal portion of the tail for a distance equal to half the length of the femur; vertebral scales bordered on either side by two series of regularly arranged, imbricate, and prominently keeled scales which are larger than the verte- brals, equal in size to the enlarged femoral scales, and larger than the enlarged tibial scales; scales of the inner series of enlarged dorsals not much larger in size than those of the outer series, or else scales of both series approximately equal in size; other dorsal scales very small, granular, or flattened, lightly keeled and barely imbricate; on the dorsolateral line a series of enlarged scales which extends from a point just anterior to the axilla, posteriorly to a point just caudad of the groin; dorsolateral enlarged scales tubercular, and disposed around other larger, spinose, strongly carinated scales to form small clusters; distinct dorsolateral and lateral folds present; lateral areas with prominent series of enlarged tubercles diagonally dispersed; two short, prominent cervical series of tubercles, and below these, a lateral series of the same and a ventrolateral series; lateral cervical tubercles merging with the series of enlarged tubercles of the dorsolateral line; posterior surfaces of thighs and arms covered with small granules, while the superior and anterior surfaces are covered with large, keeled, mucronate, imbricate scales; ventrals smooth, submucronate, about equal in size to the scales posteriorly bordering the gular fold; eleven of the largest dorsal scales equal to the length of the head from snout to posterior border of occipitals; frontal transversely divided; femoral pores 12-12; postanal plates conspicuously enlarged; a post-femoral dermal pocket present. Coloration (alcoholic): Head light brown dorsally, with fine spots and streaks of a darker brown; dorsum of body, limbs, and tail varying from dark brown to a blue-gray, faintly splotched with light blue; the five irregular cross bands which extend transversely from the lateral fold to the enlarged dorsals and break on the median line of the back, dark brown edged with light blue; limbs with bars of brown irregularly edged with light blue; venter of limbs with a suffused blue-gray; chin, from anter- ior gular fold up to but not including the sublabials, a bright sky blue; two large, brilliant, light blue abdominal patches which are fused medially, and sprinkled with dark gray laterally; interhumeral and interfemoral areas uniformly shaded with dark gray, and a few flecks of blackish; preanal region with a light blue wash. Measurements of type: Snout to posterior edge of ear, 12 mm.; head width, 11.5 mm.; snout to anus, 51 mm.; hind leg (insertion to tip of 4th toe, exclusive of nail), 33.5 mm. ; tail (tip partially regenerated), 70 mm. Measurements of entire type series (thirty-seven adults, both sexes): Snout to posterior edge of ear, 11.32 mm.; head width, 9.16 mm.; snout to anus, 47.70 mm.; hind leg (insertion to tip of 4th toe, exclusive of nail), 30.80 mm. (these figures represent the weighted arith- metic means). Distribution.—Restricted to the type locality and the Dos Cabezos Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona. Remarks,—The present form is accorded a subspecific designation on the Mitileman—New Lizard of the Genus Uta from Arizona. 167 basis of certain specimens from nearby localities in Cochise County, which exhibit characteristics that must be considered intermediate between chiricahuae and linearis. In the main, however, such specimens are few, and chiricahuae is essentially different from the linearis population of Cochise County, as well as from other points within the distribution of this latter, parental form. The new subspecies exhibits certain mensural differences which are best illustated by various ratios. Thus, the type series shows an average head length—head width ratio of 81 percent, the range being from 75 percent to 96 percent, with three specimens having a ratio of 75 percent, twenty- six specimens with ratios varying from 79 percent to 83.5 percent, and eight specimens with ratios between 84 percent and 96 percent. By comparison, a test sample of thirty-seven adult linearis of both sexes selected at random from a large series of specimens taken at Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, shows an average head length—head width ratio of 70.8 percent, the range being from 58.25 percent to 83 percent; only four specimens have ratios greater than 77.5 percent, while the great majority are in the quartile sector of the mean. Certain other ratios differ in linearis and chiricahuae, but none so markedly as this one. Test samples of linearis from Pima and Yavapai Counties, Arizona, as well as some from certain counties in New Mexico, agree well with the Ramsey Canyon sample in their morphological as well as mensural details, and exhibit about the same differences towards chiricahuae. The uniform blue color of the gular region in chiricahuae is very rare in linearis, and is usually replaced by a medial blotch of yellow or orange; similarly, the relative uniformity of color in the interhumeral and inter- femoral regions in chiricahuae is, in the great majority of linearis, replaced by a heavy stippling or mottling of dark gray or brown. The subspecies linearis and chiricahuae are further differentiated by the nature of the enlarged dorsal scales; in the former race, these are usually smaller than the enlarged femoral and tibial scales, and only rarely equal them in size. In chiricahuae, the enlarged dorsals at least equal the femorals in size, and are consistently larger than the tibials. Further, the vertebral series of enlarged scales in linearis does not extend onto the basal portion of the tail for a distance equal to much more than one quarter the length of the femur; in chiricahuae, the distance is equal to at least half the length of the femur, often more. nob 72 C15 Vol. 54, pp. 169-170 December 8, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5 BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF Waser — NEW RACE OF SWIFT FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. BY THE MARQUESS HACHISUKA. A description of a new form of the edible nest swift is herein proposed. Collocalia esculenta mindanensis, subsp. nov. Type.—Male, collected during my expedition on April 7, 1930, at Tumadgopt, S. E. Mindanao. Characters.—-in colour the present race is equal to C. e. bagabo Hachisuka from Mt. Apo, Mindanao but it differs from it by having smaller wing. C. e. isonota from Luzon, is also included in the following table of measure- ments. So Wing Tail Q Wing Tail GREW SOTO ee ee 107 40 103 39 (CREA LG77 (a [01 eee ore 103 40-41 102 38 C. e. mindanensis.....--------------- 100 40 98 37 Remarks.—Mt. Tumadgopt, the summit of which is said to be 6,000 ft. high, was explored during my second expedition to the Philippine Islands (ef. Hachisuka, Bds. Philip. Is., Vol. I, p. 98, 1981). Although this mountain does not possess any of the special genera known to occur in the Apo region, many interesting birds, the present is one of them, have been discovered on it. Mindanao, therefore, possesses three races of C’. esculenta; one is bagabo from Mt. Apo and the second is mindanensis from Mt. Tumadgopt and the third is a paler bellied bird from Ayala (specimens in British Museum) indistinguishable from those taken in the mountains of North Luzon (isonota). The Bagobo of Mt. Apo call this swift by the name of “ Haribasbass.”’ 34—Proc. Brox. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 54, 1941. (169) SQONIAN INGE STON U 06 j Hie ‘S a WRT eR ‘i CRE a OnE ARE idk aint ) ' ,06]+ Vol. 54, pp. 171-174 December 8, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIET THREE NEW RACES OF BIR S—FROM NTRAL AMERICA. BY A. J. VAN ROSSEM. As a result of further studies in Central American birds it seems desirable to offer the following diagnoses. Two of the proposed races have previously been indicated but never named, while one is an indirect result of field work by others. Lepidocolaptes souleyetii correctus, subsp. nov. Type.— 2 adult, number 17056 Dickey collection; Puerto del Triunfo, Dept. Usulatan, El Salvador, Jan. 22, 1926; collected by A. J. van Rossem. Subspecific characters.—Upper parts, including sharp, narrow streaking of head and upper back, similar to Lepidecolaptes souleyetit compressus (Cabanis) of Costa Rica and Lepidocolaptes sowleyetii matudae Brodkorb of Chiapas and with the ground color very similar to that of compressus save that the wing coverts are redder (less olivaceous). Under parts with streaking decidedly wider than in compressus or matudae, throat more buffy and under tail coverts paler and redder than in either of those races; ground color redder (less olivaceous) than in compressus and (save for the under tail coverts) very similar to matudae. Compared with Lepidoco- laptes souleyetii insignis (Nelson) of the Atlantic slope, the streaking on the under parts is very similar, though averaging slightly narrower in series. The ground color is similar save for paler posterior under parts and paler, more narrowly streaked under tail coverts. Dorsally, the streaking is sharper, narrower, and less extensive, and the ground color distinctly paler. Range.—Coastal lowlands of El Salvador and almost certainiy the adjacent portions of Guatemala and Honduras. Remarks.—In a former publication (Birds of El Salvador, p. 324) I stated that these birds were insignis although intermediate in some respects toward compressus, an assumption natural enough at the time. However, since Brodkorb (Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, No. 369, 1938, p. 3) and Wetmore (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 89, 1941, p. 549) have determined west const birds of Guatemala to be compressus it is obvious that El Salvador specimens required a reappraisal. ‘‘ New” material, that is to say 35—Proc. Biot. Soc. Wasn., Vou. 54, 1941. (171) 172 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. material examined by me since 1938, consists of 6 matudae from Chiapas, 4 insignis from Tabasco and eastern Guatemala (Univ. Mich.) and 11 compressus from Costa Rica (Los Angeles Mus.). 29 specimens of correctus have been examined. It seems hardly possible that two colonies of compressus can be separated by another race and Guatemalan specimens should be re-examined, especi- ally since both Griscom (Dist. Bird-life in Guatemala, p. 244) and Ridgway (Birds No. and Mid. Amer., 5, p. 266) considered Guatemalan birds from the Pacific side to be insignis. Calocitta formosa impudens, subsp. nov. Type.—o adult, No. 17493 Dickey collection; Pine Peaks, Volcan de Conchagua, El Salvador, March 6, 1926, alt. 3500 feet; collected by A. J. van Rossem. Subspecific characters.—Compared with Calocitta formosa pompata Bangs of northwestern Costa Rica, dorsal coloration paler and grayer, dull ““Medici Blue” instead of ‘“‘Deep Medici Blue’’; bill distinctly heavier, both in lateral and vertical profiles. Range.—Arid Tropical Zones of El Salvador up to 5000 feet altitude, north at least to the arid interior of Guatemala. Remarks.—The line of division between azurea and impudens along the Pacific Coast must be very abrupt for Griscom (loc. cit., p. 402) states that specimens from San José are ‘‘perfect intermediates’”’ between azurea and pompata (=impudens), while a single specimen from Barra de Santiago in El Salvador appears not to be different from normal zmpudens. As Gris- com has pointed out there is an abrupt climatic change in this area and the zone of intergradation is probably equally so. Likewise, in the interior, he lists as intermediates specimens from Progreso, while three from Tulumaje, Zacapa (L. A. Mus.) are typical zmpudens. I have not attempted to trace impudens further north; according to Griscom pale birds extend as far as interior Oaxaca. Salpinctes obsoletus costaricensis, subsp. nov. Type.— o& of the year in fresh, nearly completed, post-juvenile plumage; No. 22681, Dickey collection; Hacienda El Pelén, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, July 27, 1928, altitude 700 feet; collected by Austin P. Smith. Subspecific characters.—Juveniles similar to juveniles of Salpinctes obsoletus fasciatus Salvin and Godman, ot Volcan Viejo, Nicaragua, but tail shorter. Adults similar to Salpinctes obsoletus guttatus Salvin and Godman of El Salvador, but ground color of whole underparts distinctly more buffy and with the ventral markings tending to transverse bars rather than spots. Juveniles browner throughout, with the upperparts with markings in the form of wavy transverse lines instead of coarse mottling. Tail shorter than in gutiatus. Range.—Known only from northwestern Costa Rica (Volcan Miravalles and Hacienda El Pelén). Remarks.—Comparison with adults of fasciatus is not possible at this Van Rossem—Three New Races of Birds, Central America. 173 time since there apparently are none in this country. The young seem not to be distinguishable in color from fasciatus and it is probable that little or no difference in this respect will be found between adults of the two races. The description of fasciatus (Ibis, 1891, p. 610) is that of a barred, not a spotted bird. There appears to be no difference in size due to sex, nor to age once the juvenals have reached full growth. Neither can I detect any size differences between the three races so far as wing, bill, tarsus, and feet are concerned. Tail measurements are as follows: 40 guttatus 49.0-51.5, 6 fasciatus 51.5- 54.0, 18 costaricensis 43.0-48.0 mm. Iam indebted to the American Museum of Natural History, the Carnegie Museum, the Los Angeles Museum, and the United States National Museum for the use of their material. (06/~) Vol. 54, pp. 175-178 December 8, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NAN. INST, 7, ID aN BIOLOGICAL SOCIE ee ASHINGTO®, NEW GECKOS (PHELSUMA ™“& SNAKE (LEPTOTYPHLOPS), AND FROG (PHRYNO- BATRACHUS) FROM PEMBA ISLAND, EAST AFRICA. BY ARTHUR LOVERIDGE. In their recently published paper on ‘‘The Land Vertebrates of Pemba, Zanzibar, and Mafia,’ Moreau and Pakenham (1940, Proce. Zool. Soe. London, p. 107) invite attention to a suggestion of Parker’s that the Phelswma of Pemba Island may be an endemic form of madagsacariensis Gray, of which other color forms occur on Aldabra and the Seychelle Islands. With the object of settling the point, Mr. R. H. W. Pakenham collected a series of these geckos, which, under normal conditions, would have been submitted to Mr. H. W. Parker. The latter, however, is serving his country, and so I take pleasure in naming the new insular race after him; paratypes of this and the other races described below, will be reserved for the British Museum. Undoubtedly Pemba Island has been separated from the mainland sufficiently long to permit of the stabilization of certain color-pattern forms, and I now take the opportunity of stating that Mabuya maculila- bris albotaeniata Boettger, of which Mr. Pakenham has now submitted a good series from various parts of the island, is a perfectly valid race, though I synonymized it in 1928. Phelsuma madagascariensis parkeri, subsp. nov. Type.—Museum of Comparative Zoology, No. 46,086, a gravid 2 from Kinowe, Pemba Island, collected by R. H. W. Pakenham, December 3, 1940. Paratypes.—Museum of Comparative Zoology, Nos. 46,087-46,092, being four males, a female, and a young gecko, from near Kinazini, Pemba Island, collected by R. H. W. Pakenham, September 9, 1940. Diagnosis.—Agrees with madagascariensis Gray in proportions and scale counts, but differs in color pattern. Description.—{Paratype variations in parenthesis.) Snout (124 to) 2 times as long as the distance between the eye and the ear-opening, vertical diameter of the latter (34 of, or) equal to, that of the former; rostral without (rarely with) a median cleft above; centre of nostril above the 36—Proc. Brot. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 54, 1941. (175) 176 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. first labial; nostril between first labial and 3 nasals, the uppermost separated from its fellow by 1 (rarely 2) granule; upper labials 9 (8-10); lower labials 8 (7-9); chin region covered with enlarged scales of which the 4-5 outer pairs are much larger than the inner, the latter posteriorly merging into the gulars. Back covered with smooth granules; ventral scales smooth; (male para- types with 32-36 preano-femoral pores); about 16-17 transverse shields and lamellae beneath fourth toe distally; tail, when unregenerate, covered above with smooth scales arranged in verticils of 6-7 scales, below with smooth, imbricate scales, of which the median series is strongly transversely enlarged. Coloration.—In alcohol. Above, bluish grey (green in life), finely vermiculate with black on back and limbs; tail paler and uniform. Below whitish, immaculate, even on throat. Measurements.—Total length of type 9, 148 (65 + 83) mm., that of a paratype o”, 148 + (65+ 83+) mm., the tail in process of regeneration. Breeding.—On December 3, the type @ held two ova, each measuring about 13 x 8 mm. Habitat.—On trunks of coconut palms. Lygodactylus grotei pakenhami, subsp. nov. T'ype.—Museum of Comparative Zoology, No. 46,082, a gravid 9 from Wete, Pemba Island, collected by R. H. W. Pakenham, December 22, 1940. Paratypes.—Museum of Comparative Zoology, No. 46,081, a @ from Kinazini, and Nos. 46,083-5, being two males and a female from Wete: all taken by the same collector as the type. Diagnosis.—Agrees with grote: Sternfeld in scale counts, but differs in color pattern and habitus, which is smaller and less robust than in grotev. The light vertebral and lateral lines of typical grote: (of which I recently collected seventeen topotypes) are absent or only faintly indicated. A dark streak from nostril through eye to neck is present, but is both narrower and less well defined than in the typical mainland form. The insular form is characterized by conspicuous black flecking on head, back, and limbs. Description.—(Paratype variations in parenthesis.) Snout elongate, the distance from its end to the anterior border of the eye much greater than the distance between the orbits anteriorly, much longer than the distance between the eye and the ear-opening, which is small, roundish; nostril pierced above the first labial, so posterior to the suture between rostral and first labial, being between these shields (or the rostral Just excluded) and 2-3 nasals, the uppermost separated from its fellow by 1 (or 2) gran- ules; upper labials 8 (or 9); lower labials 7 (or 8); mental deeply fissured, followed by 3 (2-4) small postmentals. Males with 4 preanal pores, fourth toe with 4 pairs of lamellae beneath dilated portion; unregenerate tail below with imbricate scales of which the median series is transversely enlarged. Coloration.—In alcohol. Above, grey; a narrow dark streak from nostril through eye to above ear-opening, not extending to flanks; head and back conspicuously flecked with black, no light vertebral or lateral bands (the Loveridge—New Geckos, Snake, and Frog. Le latter slightly indicated in paratype No. 46,081); tail somewhat paler, with darker and lighter mottlings. Below, uniformly white. Measurements.—Total length of type 9, 60 (28+32) mm., that of a paratype o (M.C.Z. 46,084), 62 (28 + 34) mm. From snout to anus the other paratypes measure 28, 28 and 26 mm. respectively, their tails being regenerated. Breeding.—On December 22, the type 2 held two ova, each measuring about 4.5 x 4 mm. Habitat—The Wete series was taken on trees (Plerocarpus sp. and Cassia javanica) in a garden, also on veranda and walls of house. Remarks.—These geckos have been compared with sixty typical grotet from widely scattered localities in Tanganyika and Mozambique. They constitute the first examples of the genus ever to be recorded from the island, and I take pleasure in associating them with the name of Mr. R. H. W. Pakenham, who has done so much to advance our knowledge of the vertebrate fauna of Pemba and Zanzibar. Leptotyphlops emini pembae subsp. nov. Glauconia emini Boettger (not of Boulenger), 1913, in Voeltzkow, Reise in Ostafrika, 3, p. 351, pl. xxxv, fig. 2 (Pemba Island). Leptotyphlops emini Loveridge (not of Boulenger), 1925, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 72 (Chakechake and Wete, Pemba Island). Type.—Museum of Comparative Zoology, No. 46,116, a gravid 9 from Wingwi Pwana, Pemba Island, collected by R. H. W. Pakenham, October 4, 1940. Paratypes.—Museum of Comparative Zoology, Nos. 46,117-46,121, from Kinazini; Kinowe; and Vitongoje, Pemba Island, collected by R. H. W. Pakenham, v.d., 1940; also No. 19,111, from Chakechake, Pemba Island, taken by Loveridge’s native collector, Salimu b. Asmani, October 4, 1923. Diagnosis.—Differs from the typical mainland form as follows: Chin, throat, and circum-anal region white flecked with black; midbody diameter (48.3 fide Boettger) 50-70 times in total length (10 examples); range: Pemba Island... e. pembae Chin, throat, and circum-anal region black like rest of snake; mid- body diameter 40-58.5 times in total length (10 examples); range: East and central African mainland... e. emini Measurements.—Total length of type 9, 201 (184 +17) mm.; midbody diameter 4mm. Diameter into length 50.2 times. Total length of a para- type @ (M.C.Z. 46,118), 140 (123 + 17) mm.; midbody diameter 2 mm. Diameter into length 70 times. Remarks.—Boettger (1913), in reporting on the first three worm snakes to be recorded from Pemba, remarked on the white patches of chin and anal regions. Ten years later (1923) my collectors obtained three further examples on the island; these were so stained by rust, from the action of formalin on their container, that I erroneously stated that they were “wholly black.” Reexamination of the only specimen retained (M.C.Z. 178 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 19,111), however, reveals that it agrees with the six freshly-preserved specimens submitted by Pakenham. Remeasuring it also discredits the measurement previously given, so that the proportion of diameter into length of 45 times is doubted. I imagine that the diameter of Boettger’s 145 mm. specimen is 2.5, rather than 3mm, which would give 58 (instead of 48.3) times into total length, and conform better to the other data. The total lengths, followed by diameters in parenthesis, are as follows: 121 (2); 1385 (8, A.L., doubted); 1388 (2); 140 (2.5); 145 (3, O.B., doubted); 148 (2.5); 153 (2.5); 162 (2.5); 163 (8.25, O.B.); 185 (8); 201 (4). The ten examples of the typical form in the Museum of Comparative Zoology come from localities in Tanganyika Territory; Uganda; Belgian Ruanda; and Belgian Congo. Phrynobatrachus pakenhami, sp. nov. Type.—Museum of Comparative Zoology, No. 24,568, a gravid 2 from Machengwe swamp, near Wete, Pemba Island, collected by R. H. W. Pakenham, April 9, 1940. Paratypes.—Museum of Comparative Zoology, Nos. 24,569-72, being two adult males and two females with same data as type, except that one was collected May 4, 1940. Diagnosis.—Agrees with acridoides Cope of Zanzibar, Pemba, and tropi- cal Africa, in all respects except its much larger size and different coloring. They may be distinguished as follows: Lower jaws dusky, not sharply chequered with brown and white. Length of oo 33-35 mm., of 9 9 338-36 mm... pakenhami Lower jaws sharply chequered with brown and white. Length of both o'o and @ @ normally 23-25 mm., and exceptional 9? TANCASURES 2/7, Tana see ee Ne AI TOE NSU ERE Ree nL oR nO ASU ean acridoides Description—In size like natalensis Smith, from which it is distinguished by its well-developed digital disks. In other respects it agrees so closely with acridoides Cope, of which the Zanzibar cotypes are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, that further description is unnecessary; perhaps a trifling difference in the amount of webbing might be discerned. The Pemba frog can not be regarded as a race of acridoides, however, as the latter species has been collected by Mr. Pakenham at Mkoani, as well as at Verani and Tunda near Wete. Coloration.—In alcohol. Above, plumbeous or brownish grey, more or less uniform on male with a broad, light, vertebral area; a broad, transverse, interorbital bar present (or absent); hind limbs uniform (or transversely barred with broad, light-edged dark bands). Below, whitish, minutely punctate with brown resulting in areas of infuscation; palms and soles plumbeous. Measurements.—Length from snout to anus of type 2, 36 mm., of paratype o' (M.C.Z. 24,569), 35 mm. Breeding.—On April 9, gravid females were taken in water and flooded meadows at edge of swamp; on May 4, a gravid female at edge of thickets on a wooded hillside. 1.0673 Vol. 54, pp. 179-180 December 8, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY O VARIETIES OF THE STRA BY F. R. FOSBERG. The name used for the edible fruit commonly known as strawberry guava, or, in Hawaii, wazwz, or more recently among certain horticulturists, cattley guava, has long been Psidiwm cattleianum (often misspelled cattleyanum). The name Psidium littorale, if mentioned at all, was usually considered a synonym, as the original plates of the two manifestly represent the same species. This seemed correct on the basis of the dates of the volumes of the journals in which they were published—1822 and 1823, respectively, as long as the actual dates of the separate fascicles remained obscure. In the Flora Brasiliensis Berg described Psidium variabile, citing both of these earlier names as synonyms. This new name, of course, was superfluous. Merrill and Perry (Jour. Arn. Arb. 19: 199. 1988) used P. littorale as the correct name, giving the date as 1820. This date is that given on the fascicle cover of Opuscoli Scientifici 4 fase. 23 (copy in Museum of Com- parative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. fide Merrill in litt. 1941). P. cat- tleianum was published in the 3d fascicle of vol. 4 of the Transactions of the Royal Horticultural Society, which, according to Stearn (Suppl. Cat. 4. 1940), appeared in May or June, 1821. Thus the priority of P. littorale is clearly established. The synonymy is as foliows: Psidium littorale Raddi, Opusc. Sci. Bologna 4 : 254, t. 7. f. 2. 1820 (not 1823). P. cattleianum Sabine, Trans. Roy. Hort. Soc. 4 : 315-317. t. 11. 1821 (not 1822). P. humile Vellozo, Fl. Flumin. 211, Tab. 49, Tom. 5. 1825. (Plate very poor, but doubtless intended to represent this species.) P. variabile Berg in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14 (1) : 400. 1857. P. coriaceum Mart. ex Berg, l.c. 401. P. coriaceum var. a obovatum Berg, l.c. 401. P. coriaceum var. 8 grandifolium Berg, l.c. 401. 37—Proc. Brot. Soc. WasxH., Vou. 54, 1941. (179) 180 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. P. coriacewm var. y longipes Berg, |. c. 402. P. cattleyanum var. coriaceum (Berg) Kiaerskou, Enum. Myrt. Bras. 28. 1898. This species is distinct and easily recognized by its cuneate obovate, weakly nerved coriaceous leaves and unwinged twigs. It includes at least two recognizable varieties, both widely cultivated. Of these one was the basis of each of the two originally described species. Their names and contrasting characters are given below. That P. humile Vellozo should be referred here may be considered doubtful because of the very brief description and rough plate, but there seems to be no other species that the plate could represent. Berg, who included P. humile in his P. coriaceum, apparently maintained the latter as separate from his P. varzabile [P. littorale] only on the basis of a slight puberulence on the twigs and ciliolation on leaves and sepals. Judging by a series of specimens of cultivated plants, this is a fluctuating character found now and then in both of the varieties maintained below. The two varieties of Psidium littorale recognized are as follows: Psidium littorale Raddi var. lucidum (Degener) Fosberg, n. comb. P. catileianum var. lucidum Hort. P. catileianum f. lucidum Degener, Fl. Haw. fam. 273. Psidium cattleianum. 1939. Fair-sized rather loosely branched tree; fruit ellipsoidal to pyriform, narrowed to the base, clear yellow, with skin glossy, tender, and with flesh somewhat translucent, acid even when ripe. Type of the variety is Degener, 12275 from Hawaii, in the herbarium of Otto Degener, Honolulu. This variety includes the plant described and figured by Raddi, so it must be considered the typical variety of the species. Psidium littorale Raddi var. longipes (Berg) Fosberg. n. comb. P. catileicanwm Sabine. Trans. Roy. Hort. Soc. 4 : 315-317, t. 11. 1821. P. coriaceum var. longipes Berg, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14 (1) : 402. 1857. Small dense tree; fruits purplish red, becoming whitish toward center, globose or almost so, rounded at base, with skin rather dull, slightly tough, and with flesh opaque, sweet when ripe and pleasantiy flavored. Of Berg’s varieties, the first names to be used in varietal rank, only var. longipes is identifiable from his description. The others obviously belong jn this species, but their fruits are not described. Since his specimens are at present inaccessible, var. longipes is the obvious choice for this red- fruited plant. This variety is to be recommended for its fruit, while the other is useful in reforestation. 106 )~ Vol. 54, pp. 181-182 December 8, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF W A NEW RACE OF LYGOSOMA FROM M BY HOBART M. SMITH. Fifteen specimes of Lygosoma cherriei recently secured by me in Mexico during tenure of the Walter Rathbone Bacon Traveling Scholarship of the Smithsonian Institution, have a somewhat higher number of dorsals than specimens of the typical race from Tabasco, Chiapas, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Lygosoma cherriei stuarti, subsp. nov. Holotype.—U. 8. Nat. Mus. No. 115174 (H. M. Smith field no. 2053), from Potrero Viejo, Veracruz. Paratypes. Fourteen, of which thirteen are topotypes (U.S.N.M. Nos. 115175-86, EHT-HMS [HMS No. 1780], Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool. No. 85429); one other is from Cuautlapan, Veracruz (U.S.N.M. No. 115187). Diagnosis.—Related to cherriei and assatum, having a single fronto- parietal and a moderately large interparietal; no nuchals; scale rows 30 to 32. Like cherriei and different from assatwm in having a blue or gray, banded tail pattern, and relatively long, stout legs not or little (maximum four scales) separated from each other when adpressed (separated only in adults measuring 45 mm. or more snout to vent). Different from cherriet in dorsal scale count, having 65 to 72 (average 69) dorsals, as opposed to 59 to 67 (average 63.2) in 39 c. cherriet. Discussion.—The type was described in detail as cherriet by me in 1939 (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 52, pp. 191-2), and a table showing the scale counts and measurements of most of the paratypes also was given (p. 193). Data for the other four paratypes are given below. TasBie oF Data on Lygosoma c. stuarti. Rows of Snout to Hind Fore Azilla Hind Plus Number Dorsals Dorsals Vent Leg Leg to Groin Fore Leg 85429 32 69 55.0 19.0 12.0 31.0 31.0 115178 30 70 52.0 16.0 10.4 31.0 26.4 115179 31 69 48.5 15.5 10.0 28.0 25.5 115181 30 69 50.0 17.0 10.8 27.5 27.8 115182 31 70 49.0 17.0 11.0 27.0 28.0 38—Proc. Biot. Soc. Wasu., Vor. 54, 1941. (181) 182 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. I can discern no differences, other than in dorsal scale count, between c. cherriet and c. stwarti. In coloration and limb proportion they seem to be nearly identical. The blue tail, which I have observed in live stwariz, is also characteristic of at least northern c. cherriez, and is, I believe, constant in the species. Young specimens from Palenque, Chiapas, and Piedras Negras, Guatemala, had very distinctly bluish tails in life. In grown speci- mens the tail assumes a grayer color, but never becomes brown or pinkish (in life) as it does in assatwm and its close relatives. Unfortunately in specimens preserved for a considerable length of time the tail becomes reddish-brown, much as in assatum. For this reason field notes on the tail color of captured specimens are much to be desired, especially for mater- ial from lower Central America. The caudal cross-bands observed by Stuart (Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., no. 421, 1940) are found in stuarti as well as in other subspecies of cherriet. I am much indebted to Dr. L. C. Stuart for very kindly permitting me the use of the data'gathered by him for his recent study of the ‘‘ Lampropho- lis” group of Lygosoma, and for the loan of specimens in the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1,667 Vol. 54, pp. 183-186 December 8, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY A NEW GENUS AND A NEW SPECI PODA FROM THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.! BY CLARENCE R. SHOEMAKER. In 1851 F. Brandt described Allorchestes ochotensis from the Sea of Ochotsk, but he failed to notice or did not mention the very small inner ramus to the third uropods. As the possession of this inner ramus, combined with certain other characters, renders it unacceptable to any of the existing genera of the Talitridae, it becomes necessary to create a new genus, Paral- lorchestes, for its reception. Parallorchestes, new genus. Antenna 1 about two-thirds as long as antenna 2. Eye rather small, dark, nearly round, or slightly reniform. Mandible, molar prominent with long marginal seta on inner edge and a group of setae on front margin; cutting-edge well toothed; accessory plate double-edged and toothed; spine-row with two spines. Maxilla 1, inner plate slender and bearing two apical plumose setae; outer plate with nine serrate spine-teeth; palp not quite reaching to the base of the spine-teeth of outer plate, and consisting of what appears to be a short basal joint indistinctly separated from a iong second joint; a longitudinal ridge bearing short marginal setae extending from near the base to about the middle of the inner surface of outer plate. Maxilla 2 normal. Maxillipeds, inner plate longer than outer plate and bearing three apical teeth; outer plate with closely set spines but no spine- teeth on inner margin. Lower lip with lateral lobes very short and lying parallel with the outer lobes. Gnathopod 1 subchelate in male and female. Gnathopod 2 subchelate in male and female and larger than gnathopod 1; fifth joint narrowly produced between fourth and sixth joints. Uropod 3 short, inner ramus very small. Telson divided to its base. Coxal-gills simple. Genotype, Allorchestes ochotensis Brandt. 1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 39—Proc. Biot. Soc. WasuH., Vou. 54, 1941. (183) 184 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Parallorchestes ochotensis (Brandt). Allorchestes ochotensis Brandt 1851, Middendorf, Reise Sibirien, vol. 21, p. 148, pl. 6, fig. 27 a-f. This species extends from the Sea of Ochotsk through Bering Island, the Probilof Islands, the Aleutian Islands, and down the coast of Alaska, British Columbia, and the United States to southern California. In the northern part of its range, where it is said to reach a length of 29 mm., the uropods are armed with many small, closely-set spines and the telson bears several short spines on each lobe. As the species moves southward, it becomes smaller and there is a marked reduction in the number of spines on the uropods and telson. In the southern specimens there is a single spine standing upright on each lobe of the telson. As the transition from the northern to the southern form appears to be gradual, I have refrained from giving the latter a subspecific name. In some of the northern specimens the two or three rear segments of the thorax and the segments of the abdomen are dorsally ridged and produced as shown in Brandt’s figure, while in some this character is less pronounced and in others it is entirely lacking. Corophium stimpsoni, new species. On March 19, 1912, the Fisheries Steamer Albatross took specimens of an undescribed species of Corophiwm in shallow water on the western shore of San Francisco Bay between Point San Quentin and Raccoon Strait. On July 30, 1926, Mr. G. E. MacGinitie collected specimens of this species at Elkhorn Slough, near Pacific Grove, California, and recently very fine specimens were taken at Dillon Beach, Marin County, California, and sent by Dr. S. F. Light to the National Museum for identification. I am, therefore, taking the opportunity to describe this species which I designate Corophium stimpsoni in commemoration of William Stimpson, who did much valuable work on the crustacea of the west coast of North America. Male.—Head, rostrum slightly produced and evenly rounding, not pro- jecting beyond lateral lobes. Eye not discernible in preserved specimens. Antenna 1 reaching to distal end of fourth joint of antenna 2; first peduncu- lar joint only moderately expanded above, a prominent forward- and down- ward-pointing tooth on inside surface near proximal end and no spines on lower margin; first joint a little longer than the second, which is about twice the length of the third; flagellum composed of ten or eleven joints and not as long as peduncle. Antenna 2 longer than the body; first joint of peduncle as long as the head; third joint nearly twice as long as first; fourth joint about twice as long as third, stout and bearing a prominent, curved — forward-pointing tooth, above which is a small tooth, at the lower distal corner; fifth joint about two-thirds the length of the fourth, slightly pro- duced at the lower distal margin, and bearing a tooth on the lower proximal margin; flagellum much shorter than the fifth peduncular joint and con- sisting of one long and one short joint; all joints bearing very few setae. Gnathopod 1, palm very slightly oblique, convex and forming a broad, Shoemaker—New Genus and New Species of Amphipoda. 185 rounding and somewhat produced angle with the hind margin of joint. Gnathopod 2, seventh joint bearing five or six very short teeth and a row of setae on inner margin. Peraeopods 1 and 2, second and fourth joints moderately expanded; seventh joint as long as or longer than sixth. Peraeopods 3 and 4 normal. Peraeopod 5 reaching beyond uropod 1, second joint well expanded and fringed on rear margin with long plumose setae. Urosome segments free and uropods attached below. Uropods as figured by Sars ? for C. grossipes (Linn.) (now C. volutator (Pallas) ) but not quite so spinose. Length of male 5 mm. from rostrum to end of uropod 1. Female.—Like the male except in the antennae. Antennae 1 about as long as antenna 2, first peduncular joint bearing a forward-pointing spine at lower distal corner; flagellum of about 10 joints. Antenna 2, third joint of peduncle with two forward-pointing spines on inner surface; fourth joint without the distal teeth of the male, but bearing a stout spine at the lower distal corner and another near the proximal end of the lower inner edge; fifth joint nearly as long as fourth and without teeth or produced corners; flagellum consisting of one long and one short joint as in male. Length about 6 mm. from rostrum to end of uropod 1. Type.—A male specimen, U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 79381, taken at Dillon Beach, Marin County, California, in mud at boundary between beach and water on mud flats, at low tide, June 7, 1941. This species bears a rather close superficial resemblance to C. salmonis Stimpson, but the tooth on the inner margin of the first joint of antenna 1 of the male and the absence of the dorsal expansion of this joint at once distinguish it from that species. 2Crust. Norway, Vol. I, Amphipoda, 1895, p. 614, pl. 219. yeh ‘y, NN .b6 7» Vol. 54, pp. 187-188 December 8, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL Soci WARNINGTEN ON THE NAMES OF CERTAIN AMPHIPODS." BY CLARENCE R. SHOEMAKER. In the course of my studies on the amphipoda of the west coast of the United States, I have had great difficulty in recog- nizing many of the species described from Laguna Beach, California, in 1912 and 1913 by Vinnie Ream Stout. Unfor- tunately, the material upon which she worked is no longer extant, but with the aid of fresh material from Laguna Beach I have now been able to work out most of her species, some of which appear to be valid, some synonyms of earlier described species, while there are a few I am still unable to recognize. For the convenience of students of the west coast amphipodan fauna I am giving a list of Miss Stout’s names and indicating their present status. STout’s NAME CoRRECT NAME Nannonyzx dissimilis® Aruga dissimilis (Stout) Ampelisca articulata’ Probably Am~pelisca lobata Holmes Amphilochus littoralis? Amphilochus littoralis Stout Caliniphargus sulcus® Melita palmata (Montagu) Fimbriella robusta’ Eurystheus tenuicornis (Holmes) Maera simile ?8 Maera inaequipes (A. costa) ? Neogammaropsis antennatus® Elasmopus antennatus (Stout) Orchestoidea corniculata* Orchestoidea corniculaia Stout Allorchestes frequens® Hyale frequens (Stout) Allorchestes oculatus® Allorchestes angustus Dana Dulichiella spinosa? Melita fresnelia (Audouin) Lembos concavus* Lembos concavus Stout Neophotis inaequalis® Chevalia aviculae Walker Photis californica* Photis californica Stout 1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 21912. First Annual Report of the Laguna Marine Laboratory at Laguna Beach, Orange County, California, Pomona College, pp. 134-149, figs. 74-84. 31913. Zoologische Jahrbiicher. Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, vol. 34, pp. 633-659, figs. A-C. 40—Proc. Bion. Soc. Wasn., Vou. 54, 1941. (187) DEC 188 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Acanthogrubia uncinata? Paragrubia uncinata (Stout) Ischyrocerus parvus® Ischyrocerus parvus Stout Ericthonius disjunctus® Ericthonius brasiliensis (Dana) Two of Miss Stout’s species I have been unable to recognize: Amphithoe corallina? and Grubia indentata.® 06) Vol. 54, pp. 189-192 December 8, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCH YoQAIWAS wo DEG 30 at: 2 Nv le y erronay' muse A NEW WESTERN SUBSPECIES OF GOLDEN MOUSE. BY E. A. GOLDMAN. The golden mice of the subgenus Ochrotomys are distinguished at a glance by their vivid coloration, in comparison with the less ornate tones exhibited by the members of other sections of the genus Peromyscus. Many specimens of Peromyscus nuttalli have been collected in the Southeastern States, but although the species has long been known to range as far west as eastern Texas and eastern Oklahoma, comparatively few examples have been available from west of the Mississippi River. In revising the genus Peromyscus, Osgood (North American Fauna No. 28, p. 226, April 17, 1909), examined one specimen from each of the four States Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, and Texas and two from Oklahoma. These were referred by him to the subspecies Peromyscus nuttalli aureolus, described from “In the oak forests of South Carolina.”” Osgood remarked: ‘The amount of difference between this form and typical nuttalli is not great, but is reasonably constant in the material thus far examined.” Examination of numerous specimens subsequently collected in the East, however, has led to the conclusion that aureolus can not satisfactorily be distinguished from typical nuttall. Although the specimens available from localities in five States west of the Mississippi River are still remarkably few in number, the uniformity of characters presented, especially by a collection of eight from Delight, Arkansas, indicates the need of segregation of the regional race here described. 41—Proc. Bron. Soc. Wasn., Vou. 54, 1941. (189) 190 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Peromyscus nuttalli flammeus, subsp. nov. WESTERN GOLDEN MOUSE. Type.—From Delight, Pike County, southwestern Arkansas. No. 170591, 9 adult, skin and skull, U.S. National Museum (Biological Survey Collection); collected by Walter G. Savage, November 16, 1910. X- catalogue number 8221. Distribution.—Southeastern Missouri, eastern and southern Arkansas, northern Louisiana, and west to eastern Oklahoma and eastern Texas. General characters.—A small, western race of Peromyscus nuttalli, with buffy under parts, and a flattened skull. Closely resembling Peromyscus nuttalli nuttalli of the coast region of southeastern Virginia, in rich ‘‘ochra- ceous-tawny’’ (Ridgway, 1912) upper parts; under parts usually more distinctly overlaid with pale ‘‘ochraceous-buff”’ across mid-section, the basal color of the hairs more extensively dusky; skull flatter and differing in detail. Color.—T'ype (winter pelage): Upper parts in general rich ‘‘ochraceous- tawny,” darkened by a fine admixture of blackish hairs on top of head, becoming more pronounced over back; lower part of sides and outer sur- faces of forearms and thighs paler and shading toward ‘‘cinnamon-buff,” under parts in general overlaid with pale “cinnamon-buff,”’ most intense across mid-section, the hairs dusky basally except on throat and middle of chest, where they are white from tips to roots; vibrissae dusky, but face without dusky markings, as usual in the species; inner and outer surfaces of ears thinly clothed with short “‘ochraceous-tawny”’ hairs similar to those on top of head; feet white; tail brownish, somewhat darker above than below. Adult topotypes agree closely in details of coloration with the type. Young (in first pelage): Upper parts near “‘cinnamon,’’ under parts mainly “light buff,” the dusky basal color distributed about as in adults. Skull.—Similar to that of typical nuttalli, but smaller and flatter or more depressed, the difference in vertical depth most noticeable in the braincase; incisive foramina about equal in length to palatal bridge (incisive foramina usually longer than palatal bridge in nuttallz); maxillary arms of zygomata relatively heavier; dentition about the same. Measurements.—Type: Total length, 157 mm.; tail vertebrae, 70; hind foot, 18. An adult male and female from the type locality, respectively: 172, 181; 76, 81; 19, 19. Skull (type): Occipitonasal length, 25.7; condy- lobasal length, 23; zygomatic breadth, 13.5; depth of braincase over basi- sphenoid, 7.6; interorbital constriction, 4.1; length of nasals, 10; length of incisive foramina, 4.3; length of palatal bridge, 4.3; maxillary toothrow, 3.6. An adult male and femaie from type locality, respectively: Greatest length, 25.3, 26.2; condylobasal length, 23.1, 24.1; zygomatic breadth, 13.3, 13.5; depth of braincase over basisphenoid, 7.5, 7.5; interorbital constriction, 4.1, 4.3; length of nasals, 9.2, 9.9; length of incisive foramina, 4.3, 4.3; length of palatal bridge, 4.3, 4.3; maxillary toothrow, 3.9, 3.7. Remarks.—Additional specimens are needed for the more exact delimita- tion of the ranges of the subspecies of golden mice. It seems probable that Goldman—A New Subspecies of Golden Mouse. 191 the Mississippi River will prove to be a convenient line separating Peromys- cus nuttalli flammeus from Peromyscus nuttalli nuttalli. The new subspecies requires no close comparison with Peromyscus nuttalli lewist, which appears to be a northern race with more restricted distribution. Specimens examined.—Total number, 15, as follows: Arkansas: Beebe, 1; Big Creek, 1; Delight (type locality), 8. Louisiana: Ruston, 1. Missouri: St. Louis, 1. Oklahoma: Redland, 2. Texas: Joaquin, 1. The subspecies of Peromyscus nuttalli, with their type localities, should apparently now stand as follows: Peromyscus nuttallit nuttalli (Harlan). Norfolk, Norfolk County, Virginia. Synonym—Peromyscus nuttali aureolus (True). ‘In the oak forests of South Carolina.” Peromyscus nuttalli lewisi Howell. Amelia, Amelia County, Virginia. Peromyscus nuttalli flammeus Goldman. Delight, Pike County, Arkansas. ,067 Vol. 54, pp. 193-194 December 8, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. | AW yy .\ & DEC 301941 | AN UNDESCRIBED SK A) FROM NEW CALEDONIA. BY ARTHUR LOVERIDGE. In the year following the publication of his work on “Les Reptiles de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et des iles Loyalty,” (loc. cit. infra) the late Dr. Jean Roux arranged an exchange with the Museum of Comparative Zoology which included one of the Mont Canala skinks that he referred to gracile Bavay. Some ten years ago I noticed differences between this specimen and Boulenger’s (1887, Cat. Snake Brit. Mus., 3, p. 331) rede- scription, but only recently through the courtesy of Mr. J. R. Slevin, have I been able to obtain a genuine gracile (M.C.Z. 46172, from Yahoue Valley, near Noumea, New Caledonia) for comparison. Both skinks fall into the group which Boulenger called Siaphos; recently, however, Malcolm Smith (1937, Rec. Indian Mus., 39, p. 219) in his Revision of Lygosoma, refers Siaphos (type aequalis) to the subsection Lygosoma and transfers the New Caledonian gracile, mariae, and nigrofascio- latum to the subsection Lezolopisma. Certainly the new skink is most nearly related to gracile, of which it may be a montane form, and as it lacks a name I take pleasure in associating it with that of our good corres- pondent at the California Academy of Sciences. Lygosoma slevini, sp. nov. Lygosoma gracile Roux (not of Bavay), 1913, Nova Caledonia, Zool., 1, p. 133. Type.—Museum of Comparative Zoology, No. 9295. A 2 from Mont Canala, New Caledonia. Collected by Dr. Jean Roux, January, 1912. 42—Proc. Bior. Soc. WasH., Vou. 54, 1941, (193) 194 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Diagnosts.—Differs from gracile in possessing 4 (not 5) toes; midbody scales which are keeled (not smooth) and arranged in 22-26 (fide Roux; not 20) rows. Description.— Except for the points noted in the diagnosis above, this skink agrees well with Boulenger’s redescription of the types of gracile. Roux has described all variations, both of scalation and coloration, in detail in the citation given above. Size.—Total length of type 9, 72 (42 + 30) mm. Vol. 54, pp. 195-196 December 8, 1941 PROCEEDINGS oF pamttee BIOLOGICAL SO oy Deo 301M zt wv Eat SZonat. MUSE BOGERTIA LUTZAE—A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF GECKO FROM BAHIA, BRAZIL. BY ARTHUR LOVERIDGE. Recently Dr. Bertha Lutz submitted for examination a pair of geckos (M.C.Z. 46190-1) which she had found inhabiting the large bromeliads, probably Hohenbergia selloiana, occurring among scrub vegetation about a hundred yards from the shore on a lonely stretch of coast near Pituba, Sao Salvador, Bahia Brazil; several others were obtained at the same time. As suggested by Dr. Lutz they represent a new species, not only so, however, but apparently a new genus somewhat intermediate between Perochirus and Gehyra. In recent years a number of interesting geckos have been described from Brazil, among them the new genus Briba (Amaral, 1935, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 9, p. 251, pl. —, figs. 4~7) which, though inter- mediate between Gehyra and Hemidactylus, has nothing in common with that about to be described. It isnamed for Mr. Charles M. Bogert, who has also examined them. BOGERTIA, gen. nov. Digits clawed, but pollex rudimentary (in 2) or absent (in <), free, the distal phalanges moderately long, rising angularly from within a dilated portion beneath which are a series of wndivided transverse lamellae. Body slightly depressed; dorsum covered with uniform granules; tail (regenerate, subcylindrical or slightly depressed). Pupil vertical; eyelid distinct anter- iorly and above. Preanal pores absent in both sexes. Genotype.—Bogertia lutzae (M.C.Z. 46190). Most nearly related to Perochirus Boulenger, of the Philippines, Caro- lines, and New Hebrides, from which it differs in having all the subdigital lamellae undivided and the digits without trace of webbing. Unfortu- nately no examples of Perochirus are available for comparison. Closely related to Gehyra, from which it differs in having all the toes clawed, the reduction (9) or absence (<”) of a pollex, and the absence of both femoral and preanal pores in the male. 43—Proc., Biot. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 54, 1941. (195) 196 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. From Hemidactylus it. differs in having all the subdigital lamellae undi- vided, and the absence of a pollex in the &. There is one West African species—H. greefi—which has a clawless inner digit. Bogertia lutzae, sp. nov. Cotypes.—Five in Museu Nacional do Brasil and a pair in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, viz. No. 46,190, an adult 9, and No. 46,191, an adult o', from bromeliads near Pituba, Sao Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, col- lected by Dr. Bertha Lutz, February 3, 1941. The following description of the female has male deviations given in parentheses. Description.—Snout depressed, much longer than the distance between the eye and the ear-opening; scales on the snout plate-like, progressively decreasing in size to the minute granules of crown and occiput; rostral quadrangular, twice as broad as high, with median cleft above; nostril bordered by the rostral, first labial, and three nasals, of which the upper- most is in-contact with its fellow; upper labials 10 (or 9) followed by 2-4 granules; lower labials 9 (or 7-8) followed by 1-3 granules; an anterior pair of very elongate postmentals which, posteriorly, are flanked by granules and followed by a row of 3 elongate (or 4 rounded) chin shields; gular granules minute. Back and flanks covered with small uniform granules, as also the limbs above but enlarged on their anterior aspect; ventral scales smooth, rounded, imbricate; no preano-femoral pores; inner finger extremely minute (absent in paratype); inner toe (of both sexes) small, closely juxtaposed to second toe, distinctly clawed, remaining four fingers and toes well developed, free, strongly dilated, inferiorly with undivided transverse lemallae, 10 beneath fourth toe; tail (regenerate, slightly depressed; subcylindrical in paratype) covered above with small scales, below by a median series of transversely dilated plates. Coloration.—Substantially the same as in life, which Dr. Lutz states was: Above, mouse gray to livid liver color variegated with lighter. Below, uniform whitish (or dusky, almost brownish). Size.—Length from snout to anus of 9, 63 mm. (<’, 64 mm.); length of regenerating tail, 42 mm. (49 mm.); length of head to back of ear-opening, 20 mm. (19 mm.). Vol. 54, pp. 197-200 December 8, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE : i BIOLOGICAL SOCIEPZOF°WASHINGT, ® DEC 30 1941 4 E | rowan musty TWO NEW SPECIES OF ELEUT FROM GUATEMALA. BY. Lo C-- S DUAR TL. In examining specimens of the genus Eleutherodactylus collected in Guatemala in 1940, I found two species which appear to be undescribed. Inasmuch as both originated from the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes—Alta Verapaz mountain chain, known for its high degree of endemism, I have overcome my hesitancy to further miltiply Eleutherodactylid names and herein describe them. I have the honor of dedicating the first to General Roderico Anzueto V., Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Guatemala, whose many courtesies to me greatly facilitated my investigations in that country. It will be known as Eleutherodactylus anzuetoi, new species. Holotype.—A male, University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology No. 89160. Collected July 12, 1940, by L. C. Stuart. Type locality——Floor of oak forest about 2 km. north of Nebaj, El Quiché, Guatemala. Altitude, about 1985 m. Diagnosis.—An Eleutherodactylus possibly representing an upland relative of E. rostralis (Werner) from which it differs by its complete absence of webs between toes and tarsal fold, a shorter leg, and by its possession of a row of outer tarsal tubercles. Description.—Vomerine teeth in two elongate rows extending from the posterior level of the choanae obliquely posteriorly. Dorsum smooth anteriorly, slightly pustular posteriorly. Belly entirely smooth; ventral dise conspicuous. Head as broad as body, somewhat lanciform in outline; sides sloping outwards; loreal region plane. Nostrils very near tip of snout; eyes moderately large; eyelids slightly tuberculate; tympanum vertically oval, its greatest diameter about two-thirds the width of the eye. A fold from the corner of the eye posteriorly above the tympanum, dividing to send one branch downwards behind the tympanum and another posteri- 44—Proc. Bron. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 54, 1941. (197) \O/4 res 198 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. orly to above arm insertions. A low mid-dorsal fold from the nape to the anus and a >-shaped fold on either side of the mid-dorsal fold. Arms moderately stout; fingers free; comparative finger lengths, IJ-I = IV-III. Discs small; subarticular tubercles prominent; three large basal palmar tubercles. Legs slender; heel reaching to the tip of the snout. Toes not webbed; dises about size of those of fingers; subarticular tubercles prominent; a large inner and smaller outer metatarsal tubercle. No tarsal fold but a row of inconspicuous tubercles along the outer side of the tarsus. Upper, posterior thighs tuberculate. Dorsum light brown, without markings save for a dark smudge between the eyes and a black spot at the apeces of the >-shaped dorsal folds. Arms and legs also light brown above. The legs cross-banded with darker brown. A small black spot on the upper surface of the fore-arm. The canthus demarked by a dark line which diffuses ventrally onto the cheeks. A dark line follows the postorbital fold. Undersurfaces brownish white, the chin and throat faintly marbled with darker shades; the under surfaces of the legs peppered with brown; a broad dark line from the heel to the base of the fourth toe; a small black anal-patch. Head length 10 mm. Head width 10.5 mm. Head-body length 23 mm. Arm to wrist 7 mm. Leg to heel 23.5 mm. Heel to tip of toe IV 16.5 mm. Eye diameter 2.3 mm. Tympanum diameter 1.5 mm. Paratypes.—University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology No. 89911, collected with the holotype, and Nos. 89912-8 collected in the cloud forest above Finca Chichén (11 km. [straight line] south and slightly east of Coban), Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, altitude about 1600 m. Variation.—The paratypes are almost identical to the holotype in all particulars except that the row of tubercles on the tarsi are more con- spicuous. In the specimens from the Alta Verapaz the undersurfaces are more heavily stippled with dark than in those from El Quiché. In the paratypes there is a conspicuous, dark knee patch, barely visible in the holotype. The life color recorded in my field notes is the same as that described from the preserved holotype. Habits.—This species is apparently, despite its ventral disc, a ground form. In actions it reminds one of EH. rostralis (Werner). It seems to be restricted to the ‘‘cloud forest”’ zone. At Finca Chichén it was in the cloud forest proper, while at Nebaj, a local rain-shadow valley, it occurred in a dry counterpart of the wetter cloud forest. Range.—Restricted, so far as is known, to the mountain mass of the Alta Verapaz and the eastern Sierra de los Cuchumatanes of Guatemala. Remarks.—\ have compared the above to E. rostralis (Werner). Dunn and Emelen! have considered that species synonymous with LE. gollmeri (Peters). While I believe the relationship to be extremely close, material from Honduras and Guatemala indicates that it is a longer-legged species than its southern relative. 1Dunn, E. R. and Emelen, J. P., Jr. ‘Reptiles and Amphibians from Honduras,” Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., LX XXIV, 1932 : 24. Stuart—Two New Species of Eleutherodactylus, Guatemala. 199 Though showing many differences from E. rostralis, I do, nevertheless, consider FE. anzuetot an upland member of the gollmeri complex. It is entirely possible, however, that the species may fit into the mezxicanus group recently revised by Taylor.2. From these frogs it differs primarily in the absence of an inguinal gland. The second species I offer to Xucaneb, the mountain king of the Alta Verapaz, on whose domain I trespassed to collect, Eleutherodactylus xucanebi, sp. nov. Holotype.—An adult female, University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology No. 89914. Collected March 25, 1940, by L. C. Stuart. Type locality —Cloud forest above Finca Volcan (49 kilometers [straight line] east of Coban), Alta Verapaz, Guatemala; altitude about 1300 meters. Diagnosis.—An Eleutherodactylus with free fingers and almost free toes close to #. spatulatus Smith from which it differs in possessing smoother skin; more slender snout, larger tympanum, smaller finger discs, and absence of a tarsal fold. Description—Vomerine teeth in two elongate patches extending from opposite the middle of the choanae posteriorly and medially, almost meeting at their posterior extremities. Dorsum smooth except for a slight granula- tion on the nape and shoulders; belly entirely smooth. Head about as broad as body; oval in outline; sides sloping sharply outwards; loreal region almost plane. Nostrils almost terminal. Eyes large; upper eyelid prominent and strongly tuberculate. Tympanum almost circular; about one-half the diameter of the eye. A low fold extending from posterior corner of eye posteriorly above tympanum and terminating just posterior to mid-point of tympanum. Several enlarged tubercles posterio-ventral to the tympanum. Arms long and slender. Fingers completely free; comparative lengths, J-IJ-IV-III. Discs of fingers If, III, and IV large, bilobed and sub- triangular in outline; that of finger III exactly equals the diameter of tympanum. Subarticular tubercles large and cone-shaped. Two enlarged, basal, palmar tubercles and another on inside of basal phalange of thumb. Legs slender; heel not quite reaching the tip of snout. Toes with mere vestige of web. Discs much smaller than those of fingers. Subarticular tubercles like those of fingers. Foot free of tubercles except for larger inner and small but conspicuous outer metatarsal tubercles. No trace of a tarsal fold. Except for a small tuberculate patch on the posterior face of the upper thighs, the legs are smooth. Pattern above mottled gray and brown, difllcult of description. Top of head brown; a darker, broad stripe between eyes. Snout lighter. Loreal region light brown with broken vertical dark bars. On back above shoulder a W-shaped dark figure. Mid-dorsum gray, spotted with brown. Lateral to this light area on either side, an elongate, irregular brown-mottled, dark, patch. Sides mottled brown and gray. A poorly-defined dark streak from posterior corner of eye, across top of tympanum, to above arm insertions. 2 Taylor, E. H., ‘Some Mexican Frogs,’’ Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 54, 1941 : 91-94. 200 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Arms and legs mottled brown and gray with indistinct dark brown bars. Underparts gray, heavily peppered with brown. In life the darker color of the dorsum is an orange-brown. Head length 11.8 mm. Head width 11 mm. Head-body length 33 mm. Arm to wrist 11.7 mm. Leg to heel 30 mm. Heel to tip of toe IV 25 mm. Eye diameter 4.2 mm. Tympanum diameter 1.9 mm. Range.—Known only from the type locality but probably generally distributed through the cloud forest of the Alta Verapaz. Habits.—The above specimen was found on the ground in the cloud forest at the very height of the dry season. It is a female with well- developed eggs in the body cavity. Remarks.—Through the courtesy of Dr. E. H. Taylor I have been able to compare this specimen with a topotypic female EH. spatulatus. Although the two are apparently rather closely related they are quite distinct as noted in the diagnosis. From E. alfred: Boulenger, which it resembles superficially, it differs in possessing a narrow head, relatively small finger discs, shorter legs, and a wholly different pattern. Giinther * described and figured specimens from Costa Rica and Alta Verapaz which he referred to #. brocchiit (Boulenger). Whereas his descrip- tion very probably agreed with the specimens before him, it certainly did not agree with Boulenger’s original description (in Brocchi‘). The greatest discrepancies are in the nature of the vomerine teeth—two triangular groups in Boulenger, and two short transverse series in Giinther—and in the size of the digital dises—moderately developed according to Boulenger and well developed (figured large) in Giinther. Though many of Brocchi’s figures are notoriously bad, by no conceivable stretch of the imagination could the same species produce two such diverse sketches as those of Ginther and Brocchi. Inasmuch as brocchii was described from Guatemala, it is quite probable that Giinther referred his Verapaz specimen to typical brocchii and the Costa Rican specimen to brocchiz var. Dr. Dunn informs me that the latter is EH. melanostictus (Cope), and through his courtesy I have examined specimens from Giinther’s locality. The former I believe to be the same species as that now before me. Though at present I can not be certain, I believe that my Alta Verapaz collections contain typical brocchii. These, to be published upon at a later date, are not even remotely connected to this new species. For financial support of my Guatemalan investigations I wish to ac- knowledge grants received from the Horace H. Rackham School of Gradu- ate Studies and from the Baird Endowment Fund, University of Michigan. To Dr. E. H. Taylor of Kansas University I am greatly indebted for his many suggestions and for his painstaking care in comparing my Eleuthero- dactylus material with Mexican specimens. 3Giinther, A., “Reptilia and Batrachia,’”’ Biol. Cent.-Amer., 1885-1902 : 236-7, pl. 68, figs. A and B. 4 Brocchi, P., ‘‘ Etudes sur les batraciens,’’ Miss, Sci. Mez., 3, 2, 1882 : 60-1, pl. 15, figs. 3. g ~ snp 10673 Vol. 54, pp. 201-202 December 8, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE a <2} A NEW PINE MOUSE. : MYS, FROM WISCONSIN. BY HARTLEY H. T. JACKSON. During the course of his studies upon the Mammals of Clark County, Wisconsin, the late young naturalist F. J. W. Schmidt collected 34 pine mice (genus Pitymys), the first specimens of this genus taken in Wisconsin. In my early examination of these specimens I pronounced them to be Pitymys pinetorum scalop- soides (Audubon and Bachman) though noticing at that time certain variations from that subspecies in color and cranial characters. Under this name they were recorded by Schmidt (Journ. Mammalogy, vol. 12, p. 113, May, 1931). A more critical review of 14 specimens that Mr. Schmidt kindly donated to the Biological Surveys collection shows them to represent a clearly marked unrecognized form which I take pleasure in naming for the collector. Pitymys pinetorum schmidti, subsp. nov. Type specimen—No. 248079, U.S. National Museum, Biological Survey collection; @ adult (teeth slightly worn), skin and skull; collected Sep- tember 4, 1927, by F. J. W. Schmidt. Original number 192; Biological Surveys miscl. no. 24658X. Type locality.—W orden Township, Clark County, Wisconsin. Diagnostic characters.—Differs from any described subspecies of Pitymys pinetorum (pinetorum, scalopsoides, nemoralis, or auricularis) in its decidedly more grayish, less rufescent coloration in specimens of comparable age and season, and in its average shorter tooth row. Color (Color standards and color nomenclature, by Robert Ridgway, 1912).—Upper parts mummy brown, or a trifle paler and more grayish, fading on the flanks and legs to the drab gray or pale drab gray of the under parts. Immature (post-nursing young) of schmidti distinctly more grayish than young of the other sub- species. 45—Proc. Bron. Soc. WasH., Vou. 54, 1941. (201) 202 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Measurements.—Type-specimen: Total length, 128; tail vertebrae, 24; hind foot, 18. Skull of type-specimen: Greatest length, 25.5; mastoidal breadth, 12.8; breadth of rostrum, 4.0; interorbital breadth, 4.6; upper molariform tooth row, 5.9. Skull of subadult o (U.S. N. M. Biol. Surv. coll. no. 248085): Greatest length, 25.7; mastoidal breadth, 12.9; breadth of rostrum, 4.4; interorbital breadth, 4.6; upper molariform tooth row, 5.6. Remarks.—Specimens of this subspecies in its typical distinctive colora- tion have been examined only from Clark County, Wisconsin. Although one could suspect that a pine mouse might inhabit the sandy pine barrens so common in north-central Wisconsin, we are told by the collector: ‘‘ Pine mice were found only in the hardwood forests of the Colby loamy clay area. No traces of them could be found in cultivated fields, pastures, or orchards.” (Schmidt, loc. cit.) A specimen of Pitymys from Lynxville, Wisconsin, several miles to the south of Clark County, and near the Mississippi River, approaches schmidti in dental characters, but shows little of the distinctive coloration, and is provisionally referred to Pitymys pinetorum nemoralis. rie asi Vol. 54, pp. 203-210 December 8, 1941 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BY ALEXANDER WETMORE. During current examination of collections resulting from recent expeditions into southeastern Veracruz, México, and into the Guajira Peninsula of northeastern Colombia six interesting forms of birds have been obtained that appear new to science. They are described herewith. Rallus longirostris phelpsi, subsp. nov. Characters.—Similar to Rallus longirostris longirostris Boddaert! but darker above, especially in the darker centers of the back; pileum darker; breast brighter, more cinnamon; differs from R. l. pelodramus Oberholser 2 in being more brightly colored below, with the breast more cinnamon and abdomen whiter, averaging lighter above; generally similar to R. l. pallidus Nelson * but definitely darker above, the dark centers of the feathers much blacker, less brownish, and the edgings of these same feathers browner, less erayish; brighter brown below; bill slightly heavier. Description.—Type, U. 8S. National Museum no. 368,583, male adult, from the Laguna de Tucacas at Puerto Lépez, La Guajira, Colombia, taken April 23, 1941, by A. Wetmore and M. A. Carriker, Jr. (original number 11,567). Feathers of pileum clove brown, obscurely edged and tipped with hair brown and drab, the forehead and hindneck olive brown with the same edgings; feathers of back, scapulars, tertials, rump and upper tail coverts clove brown centrally, margined widely with grayish olive; wing coverts drab, the greater coverts washed with buffy brown; alula, primaries and secondaries dull olive brown, becoming dull clove brown on innermost secondaries, outer web of alula and first primary margined narrowly with buffy brown; rectrices dull olive brown, edged obscurely with dull grayish olive; sides of head dull mouse gray, with a narrow, rather indistinct streak of vinaceous buff extending from the base of the bill above the lores to 1 Rallus longirostris Boddaert, Table Planch. enl., 1783, p. 52 (Cayenne). 2 Rallus longirostris pelodramus Oberholser, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 84, 1937, p. 323 (Caroni Swamp, Trinidad). 3 Rallus pallidus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 18, June 9, 1905, p. 141 (Rio Lagartos, Yucatdn). 46—Proc. Brox. Soc. WasxH., Vou. 54, 1941. (203) 204 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. above the center of the eye; lower eyelid grayish white; chin and throat white, with a lateral margin of dull vinaceous buff extending from the base of the mandible back along the lower ramal area to merge across the upper fore-neck below the white where it becomes more cinnamon, this color, between cinnamon and wood brown extending down over breast and sides of breast (brighter, more cinnamon on sides of breast); sides of neck mouse gray, the feathers edged slightly with avellaneous; abdomen white; sides and flanks olive-brown, barred with white, the dark bars twice as wide as the white ones; posterior face of tibia drab, indistinctly barred with white and washed with avellaneous anteriorly, the markings very faintly indi- cated; crissum dull hair brown, barred with white; lateral under tail coverts white, central ones clove brown barred with white; under wing coverts lighter than chaetura drab, barred rather irregularly and indefi- nitely with white. Maxilla blackish brown number 3 at tip and base, bone brown centrally, buffy brown along basal half of tomium; mandible dull olive-brown on tip, dull buffy brown basally; tarsus, crus and toes dull buffy brown, marked on posterior surface near joints with olive-brown; claws olive brown (from dried skin.) Measurements.—3 males, wing 131.1-135.8 (133.4), tail 53.9-55.3 (54.5), culmen from base 48.6—51.5 (50.1), tarsus 46-48.7 (46.9), middle toe without claw 43.4—45.8 (44.4) mm. 3 females, wing 119.5-125.4 (123.4), tail 47.3-50.1 (48.6), culmen from base 46.8-48.3 (47.8), tarsus 43.2-45.4 (44.2), middle toe without claw 41.2-42.4 (41.6) mm. Type, male, wing 131.1, tail 53.9, culmen from base 50.3, tarsus 48.7, middle toe without claw 45.8 mm. Range.—Known from Riohacha, Bahia Portete and Puerto Lépez, La Guajira, Colombia, and La Boca, Adicora, Paraguand Peninsula, Estado Faleén, Venezuela; probable range the northern coast of Colombia and Venezuela. Remarks.—So few clapper rails from along Caribbean coasts are found in collections (except for those from the islands of the Greater Antilles) that it has been especially interesting to examine the six specimens on which the present form is based. To collect in the slimy mud and the steamy heat of mangrove swamps is difficult, with comparatively few species of birds to reward the search, so that the naturalist in the Tropics, usually pressed for time, is prone to work in more accessible places where the return may seem greater. For this reason a number of the forms of Rallus longirostris recognized at present have been described from single specimens. To add another to this list may seem venturesome but after careful study I am convinced that the bird found along the coast of the Guajira and the Paraguana peninsulas, with a probable range that covers the northern shores of Colombia and Venezuela is different from any others known. Study of this matter was begun by Mr. William Phelps of Caracas, when his collectors secured a male clapper rail from La Boca at Adicora, on the eastern side of the Paraguana Peninsula on November 2, 1938. Another skin, a female, from this same point was obtained for the Phelps collection on May 2, 1941. At this time M, A, Carriker, Jr., and I were collecting in Wetmore—Birds from México and Colombia. 205 the Guajira where we took four of these rails, at Riohacha April 9, Puerto Lépez, April 23 and 24, and Bahia Portete May 16. In view of the more extensive material in the U. 8. National Museum Mr. Phelps, who had recognized that the bird was new, has turned the matter over to me for final study. I have had much pleasure in naming the race in his honor. The new form here described seems to have its nearest affinity with typical longirostris of the Guianas, and also to have close relationship with the bird of Trinidad. It may be noted that longitrostris, crassirostris and phelpsi are marked by somewhat heavier bills when compared with the races to the north. In my study I have had the advantage of the loan of the type specimen of R. 1. pallidus from the Field Museum, of the two skins of phelpsi in the Phelps collection, and of two critical specimens from the American Museum of Natural History. One of the last two mentioned is marked as from “TLguna” Yucatan, March 5, 1886, and is an immature of pallidus. This race it may be noted is characterized by the lighter, warmer brown central areas in the dorsal feathers and by the broad gray margins of these same feathers. There is a second specimen in the American Museum collection (no. 471,854) marked ‘‘Yucatan (Whitely)”’ that bears the original col- lection label of Baron A. von Hiigel. This bird in color of back and breast is practically a counterpart of phelpsz, differing only in the very slightly more pronounced black in the barring of the flanks. It agrees with the South American skins in heavier bill as well as in color, and differs from the two seen with definite localities in Yucatan, so that, after careful study, I am convinced that in reality it has come from some point in northern South America and that it has been wrongly ascribed to Yucatan, possibly by the dealer Whitely. Oreopeleia lawrencii carrikeri, subsp. nov. Characters.—Similar to Oreopeleia lawrencii lawrencii (Salvin) 4 but definitely paler above; crown, hindneck and upper back lighter, brighter green; center of back and scapular area lighter, more purplish; wing coverts and tail lighter brown; lower back and rump lighter; black streak on malar region decidedly wider; sides and flanks paler brown; under tail coverts whiter. Description.—Type, U. S. National Museum no. 359,656, female adult, collected April 17, 1940, between 3000 and 4000 feet elevation on Volcan San Martin, Sierra de Tuxtla, Veracruz, México, by M. A. Carriker, Jr. (original no. 766). Posterior part of pileum dusky olive green becoming dark ivy green on hindneck and upper back; forehead, loral region and a narrow line extending back above the eye white; forepart of crown gray number 8; anterior part of cheeks white, becoming gray below the eye; a very narrow line of black extending from rictus back below the eye along the edge of the bare ocular area; a broad, heavy line of black reaching from the edge of the throat back below the cheeks to beneath the ear; center of 4 Geotrygon lawrencii Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 329 (Calobre, Veraguas, Panam). 206 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. back and upper scapular area dark slate-purple; lower back between clove brown and olive brown, changing to olive brown on the rump, and slightly darker than natal brown on the upper tail coverts; exposed part of inner- most secondaries dark olive, changing gradually to slightly darker than snuff-brown on the outermost secondaries and on the lesser and middle wing coverts; primaries fuscous, with a narrow external edging of sayal brown, which is bordered in turn along the sinuation on the outer webs of the second to the fifth remiges with a very narrow edging of whitish; alula and primary coverts fuscous black; middle rectrices darker than natal brown; others deep to dark neutral gray, tipped with hair brown; throat and upper foreneck white, becoming neutral gray on lower foreneck and breast; lower breast paling to light neutral gray; abdomen white; central lower tail coverts white, becoming pale neutral gray externally; sides of neck and upper breast shading over from the gray of the breast to the dark ivy green of the hindneck; sides and flanks below this wood brown to drab; under wing coverts dull warm sepia. “Iris brown; bill black, leaden apically; tarsus purplish blood color” (from collector’s notes on label). Measurements.—Three females, wing 144.7-149.8 (147.7), tail 84.7-88.0 (86.7), culmen from cere 9.0-9.3 (9.2), tarsus, 41.0-43.3 (42.1) mm. Type, female, wing 149.8, tail 88.0, culmen from cere 9.3, tarsus 42.0. Range.—Known only from Cerro de Tuxtla and Volcan San Martin, Sierra de Tuxtla, southeastern Veracruz, México. Remarks.—Since Oreopeleia lawrencit has been recorded as a species only from Veraguas in Panama to northwestern Costa Rica the discovery of another race in eastern México marks a considerable and unexpected extension of range. Comparison has been made with the typical form of which I have seen skins from Panama, labelled from the Veraguas region, the Boquete Trail back of Almirante, and Chiriqui. Specimens from Costa Rica from Guacimo (near Guapiles), and Cariblance de Sarapiqui (located on the north face of Volean de Pods but on the Atlantic drainage) also belong with the typical form. Peters has named another form from northwestern Costa Rica calling it lentipes,®> basing his distinction on paler coloration and on slightly larger size. I have examined one of the original specimens from Tenorio, a young male that still carries part of the juvenile plumage on the sides of the lower breast and find the new feathers of the breast slightly paler than typical lawrencti, the greenish on the sides seemingly restricted, and the flanks lighter, more grayish brown. However, the form carrikeri differs from this individual in clearer, paler colors almost as much as it does from typical lawrencii. The bird described here as new is so markedly different from the two currently recognized races as to be distinguished at a glance. The race is described from three fully adult females. 5 Oreopeleia lawrencii lentipes Peters, J. L., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo@l., vol. 71, February, 1931, p. 800 (Tenorio, Costa Rica). Wetmore—Birds from México and Colombia. 207 Pampa pampa excellens, subsp. nov. Characters.—Similar to Pampa pampa pampa (Lesson)® and Pampa pampa curvipennis (Lichtenstein)? but larger in bulk of head and body; tail much longer, of larger feathers, and more strongly graduated; lighter gray below; bill averaging heavier than in curvipennis. Description.—Type, U. S. National Museum no. 359,708, male (testes enlarged), collected at about 3300 feet elevation on Volcan San Martin, Tuxtla Mountains, Veracruz, México, April 22, 1940, by M. A. Carriker, Jr. (original no. 799). Pileum bright metallic violet; rest of upper parts, including lesser and middle wing coverts deep metallic green; remiges and greater wing coverts purplish dusky, the three outer primaries with the shafts broadened centrally and toward the base, and bowed distinctly outward; tail with broad feathers, much graduated, the central pair exceed- ing the lateral pair by 20 mm., dull metallic green, tipped with blackish violet, the tipping slight on the central pair, and covering the inner webs and ventral surface as well as an extensive tip on the others; three outer rectrices with a very narrow terminal edging of light gray; sides of head, including region above eye and lores brownish gray; a postocular spot of white; under surface grayish white to the central abdomen which, with the tibial feathers, is white; under tail coverts dull grayish, tipped with brownish buff; throat feathers with centers slightly darker than tips, producing a sem- blance of squamation; under wing coverts dull metallic green. Bill dull black, slightly horn colored at base, feet dull brown (from dried skin). Measurements.—4 males, wing 67.5-73.2 (70.3), tail 60.3-63.5 (61.4), culmen from base 26.9-29.2 (27.7) mm. Type, male, wing 67.5, tail, 60.4, culmen from base, 29.2 mm. Female not seen. Range.—Known only from the Sierra de Tuxtla, southeastern Veracruz, México. Remarks.—At first glance the four birds from which this sabre-wing is described suggest very clean, over-stuffed examples of the two previously known races of Pampa pampa, a resemblance that is heightened by the fact that the bill in Pampa p. excellens, while averaging heavier than in cwrv7- pennis is little or not at all longer, and the wing also is about the same in length. Not until the large size of the head and the much longer, more graduated tail, of larger feathers, is noted does the true fact suddenly appear that we have in excellens much larger individuals that differ decid- edly from those hitherto known. The new subspecies appears in bulk half again as large as the others. Ridgway ® gives the following measurements for males of Pampa pampa pampa: Wing 66-72 (68), tail 48-59.5 (53.2), culmen 23-25.5 (24.5) mm. And for males of Pampa pampa curvipennis, wing 65-68.5 (66.8), tail 50- 55.5 (52.5), culmen 26-29.5 (27.3) mm. pl. 15 (‘‘Paraguay,’’ error=Guatemala). For date of publication see Sherborn, Index Animalium, pt. 19, 1929, p. 4725. Type locality designated by Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. ser., vol. 13, pt. 2, no. 1, 1918, p. 166. 7 Trochilus curvipennis Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vig., 1830, pt. 1, no. 32 (México). 8U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 50, pt. 6, 1911, pp. 354-355. 208 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Hylophilus flavipes melleus, subsp. nov. Characters.—Similar to Hylophilus flavipes flavipes Lafresnaye ® but slightly darker on pileum and back, more buffy, less yellowish below, with upper breast and lower foreneck distinctly darker than lower breast, particularly on the sides. Description.—Type, U. S. National Museum. no. 369,860, male adult, from 1000 feet elevation in the Serrania de Macuire, near Nazaret, La Guajira, Colombia, taken May 7, 1941, by A. Wetmore and M. A. Carriker, Jr. (original no. 11,823). Crown Saccardo’s olive; side of forehead, intruding on upper part of lores indistinctly old gold; lower part of lores cream buff; an indistinct line above eye, extending from the anterior margin of the eye back to a short distance beyond posterior margin, chamois; back olive- citrine, changing to olive lake on rump and upper tail coverts; wing coverts dull citrine; primaries and secondaries dark mouse gray, edged with yellow- ish citrine; rectrices dull citrine-drab, edged for the basal half with yellowish citrine, which distally changes to a slight margin of olive-buff at tip and along the distal part of the inner web; chin whitish, passing to dark olive buff on throat and foreneck with faint, indefinite lines of dull cartridge buff; sides of head and neck dull buffy olive; upper breast washed with dull chamois; lower breast, abdomen and flanks dull colonial buff; sides of upper breast dull ecru-olive; under tail coverts dull reed yellow; under wing coverts including edge of wing amber yellow. Maxilla and tip of mandible dull olive-brown; base of mandible dull deep olive-buff; tarsus and toes dull olive-brown (from dried skin). Measurements.—-6 males, wing 55.5-57.4 (56.9), tail 42-45 (43.6), culmen from base 12.2—13.2 (12.6), tarsus 17.2-19 (17.6) mm. 4 females, wing 54.2-55.7 (55), tail 41.8-44.1 (42.8), culmen from base 11.6-12.8 (12.3), tarsus 17.4-18.3 (17.9) mm. Type, male, wing 57.2, tail 44.1, culmen from base 13.2, tarsus 17.7 mm. Range.—Foothills of the Serranfa de Macuire, La Guajira, Colombia. Remarks.—In a series of skins of this species that we collected during the recent Guajira expedition of the Smithsonian Institution the ten birds collected in the foothills of the Macuire range at the far eastern end of the. Guajira peninsula stand out definitely because of their darker color. They are closest in appearance because of this to typical flavipes which ranges in the Tropical Zone from the Caribbean coast of Colombia at Barranquilla and the northern base of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta south to Cartagena, the Magdalena Valley and Villavicencio at the eastern base of the eastern Andes. The species originally was described from Bogota skins without definite locality. At Maicao, Carriapia and Riohacha, Carriker and I secured a series of skins that must be referred to H. f. acuticaudus because of their decidedly paler color. With this additional material it appears certain that Todd was in error in ascribing his Riohacha, specimens to flavipes, as these birds are definitely paler. It appears therefore that melleus, the new form, is surrounded by the paler colored race 9 Hylophilus flavipes Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., vol. 8, September, 1845, p. 342 (‘‘ Bogota,” Colombia). Wetmore—Birds from México and Colombia. 209 acuticaudus, which is here at its western limit, as it ranges mainly in Vene- zuela south to the Orinoco Valley. Cyanerpes cyaneus gemmeus, subsp. nov. Characters.—Largest of the forms of Cyanerpes cyaneus (Linnaeus), with bill heavier as well as larger when compared with Cyanerpes cyaneus eximius (Cabanis) ;!° crown cap of male darker blue; upper surface in female more grayish, less vivid green. Description.—Type, male adult, U.S. National Museum, no. 369,976; 600 feet elevation, Serranfa de Macuire, above Nazaret, La Guajira, Colombia, collected May 7, 1941, by A. Wetmore and M. A. Carriker, Jr. (original number 11,814). Lores and an elongated streak extending to behind the eye, upper back, lower neck (extending laterally over sides of neck), anterior portion of sides, under tail coverts, crissum, wings and tail deep black; pileum more bluish than Nile blue; inner webs of primaries and most of under wing coverts light strontian yellow; outer under wing coverts black, with a little smalt blue along edge of wing; rest of plumage smalt blue, this color encircling the Nile blue crown patch. Bill black, tarsus avellaneous, feet terra cotta, claws blackish (from dried skin). Measurements.—7 males, wing 68.7-73.6 (70.3), tail 40.7-42.5 (41.2), culmen from base 22.4—24.1 (23.0), tarsus 14.5-15.8 (15.1) mm. 4 females, wing 67.0-72.8 (70.3), tail 40.4-43.0 (41.6), culmen from base 24.1-27.4 (25.7), tarsus 14.3-16.1 (15.2) mm. Type, male, wing 73.6, tail 41.5, culmen from base 24.0, tarsus 15.3 mm. Range.—Known only from the humid forest belt on the Serranfa de Macuire, La Guajira, Colombia. Remarks.—The eleven birds from which this new form is described are definitely larger than skins from elsewhere through the extensive range of this species, a fact that is obvious at a glance as the specimens are laid out in order. But in view of the individual variation found in this bird it has been only after an extended review of all the races that have been proposed that gemmeus has been described as new. ‘The bird so far as known is confined to the restricted island of cloud forest found across the slopes of the Serranfa de Macuire. It was noted only at 600 to 1000 feet altitude. It is approached in size only by C. c. tobagensis, from which it differs in longer bill as well as in average length in wing and tail. Basileuterus cinereicollis pallidulus, subsp. nov. Characters.—Similar to Basileuterus cinereicollis cinereicollis P. L. Sclater !! but averaging lighter in color; sides and flanks paler; upper breast lighter gray; lower breast lighter yellow; hind-neck grayer; back, wings and tail somewhat lighter, more greenish. Description.—Type, male adult, U. S. National Museum no. 369,892, between 4000 and 5000 feet elevation in the northern end of the Sierra 10 Arbelorhina eximia Cabanis, Mus. Hein., pt. 1, 1851, p. 96 (Puerto Cabello, Venezuela). 11 Basileuterus cinereicollis P. L. Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, August, 1864, p. 166 (‘‘ Bogotaé,’’ Colombia). 210 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Negra east of Fonseca, Departamento de Magdalena, Colombia, taken July 10, 1941, by M. A. Carriker, Jr. (original no. 1519). Pileum, except in center, dark quaker drab; an extensive, partly concealed crown patch of lemon chrome, a few of the darker feathers bordering this yellow area in part blackish mouse gray; back of head and hindneck dark grayish olive, a few of the feathers with an indistinct tipping of greenish; back and scapulars slightly brighter than dark greenish olive, changing on rump and upper tail coverts to serpentine green; lesser and middle wing coverts dark greenish olive, edged with light yellowish olive; greater coverts fuscous black, edged with light yellowish olive; primaries and secondaries fuscous black edged with citrine, becoming dark citrine on inner secondaries; rectrices chaetura drab, edged with citrine; sides of head deep neutral gray; anterior part of loral area whitish, this color extending as an indistinct line back to eye, with another more definite line of whitish extending from upper edge of rictus, where it includes the bases of part of the rictal bristles, back across lower eyelid; the two whitish marks just mentioned enclosing an area of deep neutral gray immediatly in front of eye; auricular region with very faint and indefinite lighter gray streakings; feathers of throat and upper foreneck dull white, washed with gray number 10; lower fore- neck, sides of neck and upper part of breast light neutral gray; lower breast, abdomen and under tail coverts lemon chrome; sides and flanks slightly darker than warbler green; tibia light yellowish olive; lower portion of edge of wing olive-yellow; under wing coverts partly yellowish olive, and partly Marguerite yellow. Bill dull black; tarsus and toes dull olive brown (from dried skin). Measurements.—4 males, wing 67—70.6 (69.2), tail 57-61 (59.2), culmen from base 12.8-13.8 (13.5), tarsus 21.38-23 (22.3) mm. 1 female, wing 62.4, tail 54.7, culmen from base 12.8, tarsus 21.8 mm. Type, male, wing 70.6, tail 61, culmen from base 12.8, tarsus 21.3 mm. Range.—Northern end of the Perija Range, known from specimens from 3000 to 5500 feet elevation near Tierra Nueva and Monte Hlias, in the Sierra Negra east of Fonseca, Magdalena, Colombia. Remarks.—As the present specimens mark a northward extension of range for what has been previously known of Basileuterus cinereicollis it is not surprising to find that they display a color difference worthy of a name. I have compared them with specimens from Buena Vista, above Villavicencio in Cundinamarca, and from Rfo Negro in Boyaca, which are uniformly darker. I have also examined numerous specimens of Bassileuterus conspicillatus Salvin and Godman from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, which are so uniform in having the upper breast entirely yellow and the gray confined to the foreneck, a difference in color pattern, that I consider them as a distinct species and not a geographic race of cinereicollis as suggested by Hellmayr.” 12 Field Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 13, pt. 8, 1935, p. 514. y 067 Vol. 54, pp. 211-216 December 8, 1941 PROCEEDINGS NOTES ON TOXOSTO TRE OF MEXICO, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW RACE. BY ROBERT T. MOORE, California Institute of Technology. A misconception of the relationship of the races of Toxostoma curvirostre in Mexico has hindered progress in our understanding of this group, a misconception due to lack of adequate material. With one hundred and twenty-eight recently taken specimens in the Moore Collection, covering every race, except that of extreme northeastern Mexico, from which last area fresh material has recently been received on loan, it is now possible to assess the characters of the races more correctly. The chief misconception has been the belief that the bird of southern Sinaloa, Toxostoma curvirostre occidentale (type locality Mazatlan, Sinaloa) has white tips to the rectrices. Our very large series from Sinaloa proves that occidentale has grayish-brown tips, if any, there being only one speci- men with a white tip out of thirty-five in our collection. Therefore, the chief character, on which Ridgway (Bull. 50, U. 8. Nat’l Mus., Pt. IV, 202 and Key pp. 186-187) relied to distinguish between occidentale and maculatum of southern Sonora is non-existent. We have a single aberrant specimen, taken on April 5th within twenty miles of Alamos, type locality of maculatum, which has large immaculately white tips, just as we have one taken close to the type locality of occidentale, but all the rest of our large series of both races, even in fresh fall plumage, have either no tips or decidedly buffy ones. The true white-tipped birds seem to consist chiefly of two groups,—(1) those of the Central Plateau at high elevation, ranging from Guanajuato and Aguascalientes north, which in fresh plumage have immaculately white tips, and (2) those of northeastern and eastern Mexi- co; all of them east of the main Sierra Madres of Mexico, this section of the backbone of the continent being the dividing line between the white- tipped and buffy-tipped groups. The undescribed form of the Central Plateau, lying between oberholseri to the north and true curvirostre to the south, is a larger bird than either, 47—Proc. Biout. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 54, 1941. (211) 212 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. having the tail longer than the wing, whereas in true curvirostre, as well as in the birds of eastern Mexico and in oberholseri, wing and tail are about equal. Since its validity is confirmed by other characters, it is herewith described. My thanks are extended to Dr. George Miksch Sutton, to Mr. Zimmer and the American Museum of Natural History, to Dr. Herbert Friedmann and the United States National Museum, also to Mrs. Donald R. Dickey and Mr. Adrian van Rossem. By an exchange of courtesies the last, who requested the opportunity to examine our thirty-five specimens of occiden- tale, permitted the author to quote from his notes on Swainson’s and Lich- tenstein’s types. Toxostoma curvirostre celsum, subsp. nov. PLATEAU THRASHER. Type.—Female adult in worn breeding plumage; no. 19190, collection of Robert T. Moore; Laguna Juanota, southwest Chihuahua, Mexico; altitude more than 9000 feet; August 5, 1937; collected by Chester C. Lamb. Subspecific characters.—Nearest to the races with white tail-tips, Tozos- toma curvirostre curvirosire (Swainson) and Toxostoma curvirostre oberholseri Law, but differing from the former in larger size; in adult winter plumage, having breast and upper abdomen with more confluent spots (Hair Brown! instead of Drab); lower abdomen and under tail coverts buffier, more cin- namon; tips to outer rectrices apparently smaller and certainly whiter (pure white even in worn breeding plumage); upper parts darker gray, less brown- ish. Differs from obholseri, in larger size; generally more buffy on posterior under parts; spots on upper abdomen larger and always present. Celsum differs so obviously from occidentale, maculatum and palmer, the three bufi- tipped races to the west of the Sierra Madres, that no comparison is neces- sary, but I add that celswm, in addition to having white tips, although much smaller in length of tail, has a larger wing (in Guanajuato-Aguascalientes birds, markedly the largest of all the races); much larger spots on the breast and much less cinnamon on abdomen and under tail-coverts. In nuptial plumage it differs from curvirostre in having whiter ground color of upper abdomen; lower throat paler, more uniform with breast instead of darker; white tips of tail smaller; upper parts grayer, less brownish. It differs from the nuptial plumage of occidentale in having much whiter ground color of under parts and paler under tail coverts, as well as pure white tips, instead of buffy white ones; from oberholserz it differs in the same characters as in the winter plumage. If Turdus deflecus Lichtenstein represents a race in Hidalgo, differentiated from 7. c. curvirostre, celsum differs from it in winter plumage in having spots on abdomen fewer and smaller; white tips to rectrices smaller; tail, proportionate to wing and absolutely, longer. Range.—Southeastern Arizona (Chiricahua Mountains), thence east to southern New Mexico, thence south keeping east of the Sierra Madres 1 Names of colors in this paper, when capitalized, are taken from Ridgway’s ‘‘Color Standards and Color Nomenclature,’’ 1912. Moore—Notes on Toxostoma curvirostre 213 through Chihuahua and Durango, probably through Aguascalientes to northwestern Guanajuato and extreme northeastern Jalisco. from Laguna Juanota was taken at an altitude indeed, according to Mr. Lamb, ‘10,000 feet.’ highest altitude at which any race has been found. refers to the high range of this form. The type of more than 9000 feet, This, apparently, is the The Latin name, celsum, AVERAGE MEASUREMENTS IN MM. OF T'oxostoma curvirostre celsum AND ALLIED RACES. Males 2 ads. (deflerum ?) Hild.—Queretaro............. 10 ads. (Oberholseri) 2.......... 18 ads. (celsum) Ariz. to Durango............ 10 ads. (celswm) 2 Chiricahua Mts.._........ 13 ads. (celsum) Aguas. to N.W. Guapj..... 7 ads. (c. curvirostre)._....... 8 ads. (maculatum)............ 14 ads. (occidentale) _.......... (ads (palmerz) =... Females 3 ads (deflerum ?)_...........- 15 ads. (oberholseri) ............ 20 ads. (celsum) Ariz.—Durango.................. 15 ads. (celsum) Aguas. to N.W. Guanaj. 5 ads. (curvirostre)............ 8 ads. (maculatum) 10 ads. (occidentale) ............ 4 ads. (palmert)................-- Wing 109. (107.9-110.1) 102.9( 98.3-108.4) 109.7(103.4—117.0) 108.9(103.8-112.5) 112.0(107.5-116.6) 107.0( 99.8-111.2) 104.4(101.9-108.3) 108.1(100.7—113.8) 105.8(102.3-108.9) 106.0(103.4-107.6) 100.5( 96.7—106.2) 107.7(100.3-115.1) 108.8(105.1-113.6) 105.2( 99.5-111.4) 99.9( 99.6-101.5) 103.9(101.2-107.1) Tail 109.9(108.6-111.2) 105.1( 98.2-110.5) 112.7(101.6-121.9) 112.4(107.7-117.3) 112.6(106.8-124.1) 106.9(104.8-111.9) 115.5(111.1-119.9) 119.0(112.4-124.9) 117.3(113.1-119.9) 103.9(100.8-105.7) 102.5( 97.0-105.0) 111.8(106.0-117.5) 110.6(105.1—117.0) 105.3( 99.1-112.8) 113.2(110.2-114.2) 115.3(110.5-118.5) 104.8(103.8-106.4) 115.3(114.3-116.2) Exposed Culmen 29.3(28.6-29.9) 28.0(25.8-29.9) 30.5(27.1-32.5) 31.1(29.1-32.9) 30.5 (26.9-32.8) 30.1(28.1-33.0) 31.3(29.9-33.0) 31.0(28.9-33.3) 32.2(30.8-34.3) 28.5(27.4-30.6) 29.1(27.8-32.2) 30.0(27.4-32.0) 28.5(27.0-31.2) 29.3(27.8-31.2) 30.1 (27.6-33.3) 31.6(29.5-34.8) 30.5 (29.6-30.8) Tarsus 32.3(32.2-32.4) 34.4(32.3-36.2) 33.3(31.0-35.0) 34.6 (32.6-35.8) 34.5(33.0-35.8) 33.4(32.2-35.4) 33.9(31.9-35.8) 34.5(32.4-36.7) 32.0(31.8-32.4) 32.0(30.7-34.2) 32.9(31.2-34.7) 32.4 (29.3-34.4) 33.1(30.4-35.0) 32.8(30.1-33.5) 34.3(32.3-36.6) Remarks.—Celsum is chiefly a denizen of the high arid plateau of central Mexico at an altitude of 5000 to at least 9000 feet, wherever there are plains with occasional streams. Like many species of the Central Plateau, particularly those of Guanajuato, this race has an unusually large wing. A series of 17 specimens, collected by Batty for the American Museum of Natural History, are badly faded and of slight use for comparison of color- ation. The thirteen males and fifteen females taken between northwestern Guanajuato-Aguascalientes and the extreme northeastern projection of Jalisco, are tentatively determined as celsum, although they have even larger wings, the largest of any group of curvirostre, and seem to have heavier (almost contiguous) blotching on the breast and lower throat. These lie geographically between typical celswm to the north and the smaller true curvirostre to the south, whose range our series proves is restricted to a narrow east-west geographical belt from the western part of the state of 2 Above measurements given by J. Eugene Law (Condor, Vol. XXX, March, 1928, p. 151). My measurements of apparently the same birds from the Lower Rio Grande are almost identical. 214 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Mexico (Temascaltepec). through Michoacan to eastern Jalisco. West of Atoyac, at Tapalpa, individuals of curvirostre show intergrading characters with occidentale. The final determination of this excellent series from the Guanjauato-Aguascalientes area must await the collecting of more birds from Hidalgo and eastern Mexico. For the Hidalgo-San Luis Potosi birds, I am employing tentatively Lichtenstein’s name deflexcum. According to van Rossem’s memorandum concerning Lichtenstein’s two co-types (see in addition his brief statement: Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. 77, No. 7, 1934, p. 416), number 3655 from Chico [Hidalgo], accords better with Lichtenstein’s description of “ white- gray”’ under parts, whereas number 3656, the co-type from Temascaltepec, ‘“is definitely buffy on the posterior under parts and more heavily spotted.” My two series from Temascaltepec and Hidalgo confirm these differences, the Hidalgo birds having whiter ground color on upper abdomen, less buffy lower abdomen and undertail coverts and much heavier (larger) spotting on upper abdomen and lower throat. It would seem, then, that the name turdus deflecus Lichtenstein might well be restricted to specimen number 3655 from Chico. I hesitate at the present time to take this step, as I | have not seen birds from the Valley of Mexico, which may be the same as those from Hidalgo and may have to be known by the name of T. curvi- tosire curvirostre. In a recent letter (Oct. 30, 1941) to me, van Rossem asserts that Swain- son’s locality ‘‘Tableland”’ for types such as Orpheus curvirostre, “boils down to one of three places, Valley of Mexico where most of Bullock’s time was spent, Puebla where a few birds were collected, and Cofre de Perote, where he spent about a month. He speaks of all three as Table- land.’”’ Although this conclusion might be accepted for designating the type locality of a race, known to occur at one of these localities and not at Temascaltepec, it does not seem desirable to choose one of them for the type locality of Orpheus curvirostre and designate it, when a Curve-billed Thrasher, fitting our meager knowledge of the type, is found at Temasceal- tepec. The type should be re-examined and compared with freshly-taken specimens from Temascaltepec and the other above-mentioned localities. Van Rossem’s memorandum of his examination of Swainson’s type does not cover the characters which chiefly differentiate Hidalgo and Temas- caltepec birds, except the measurements, which, for the type, are shown as “wing 114.0, tail 113.0.” Although this is larger than any of my five Temascaltepec individuals, it is nearly approached by one adult female, which has wing 111.4 mm. and tail 112.8 mm. Tentatively Iam employing Swainson’s name for these birds, believing this preferable to coining a new name, or ‘‘stretching”’ the application of Toxostoma vetula Wagler to birds of the southern end of the Central Plateau, the types of which name Hellmayr (Pub. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XII, Pt. VII, p. 299, footnote) states ‘‘agree with birds from Veracruz (Perote) and Oaxaca, which I have not seen.” It should be emphasized that celswm is not an intermediate, being larger than either true curvirostre to the south, or oberholsert to the north. A specimen, number 117720 (U. S. Nat. Mus.) from San Luis Potosi is large ha? Moore—Notes on Toxostoma curvirostre 215 and heavily spotted on the breast like the birds of Hidalgo (deflexum ?), while number 10504 in the Cornell University Collection from near Monter- rey, Nuevo Leon, reported by Sutton (Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool]. La. St. Univ. No. 3, p. 37) as oberholseri has the small size and lightly spotted abdomen and breast of that race. Three birds obtained by the author’s expedition at Guayachi and the Barranca del Cobre at high altitude in extreme southwestern Chihuahua, in spite of the geographical closeness to maculatum of the coastal plains, have white tail-tips and are practically pure celsum. It should be noted that van Rossem (Trans. San Diego Soc. of Nat. Hist., Vol. VI, No. 19, p. 275) gave measurements for “‘ten adult male maculatum from Sonora,” showing the wing 106.6 and tail 122.0 mm. These tail measurements are much larger than those revealed in my tables, for my eight adult birds, all of which were taken within forty miles of the type locality, Alamos. This is possibly explained by van Rossem’s inclusion of birds from central Sonora, north as far as Tecoripa. A celsum male, number 22138 Moore Collection, is partially albino, having fifth to the second primaries, counting from the outside, on the right wing and fifth to the third primaries on the left wing, pure white. T.c. maculatum (Nelson) (type locality Alamos, Sonora) is recognizable chiefly on ground of average wing and tail measurements being smaller than either occidentale or palmeri. The ground color of the upper abdomen only in a majority of specimens, is also slightly darker than in occidentale. The tips of the rectrices do not differ from those of occidentale and as to its being generally “darker,” there are too many individuals taken close to the type localities of each, which are identical. Im any event, maculatum has a very restricted range and birds from northeastern Sinaloa, not thirty miles away from the type locality, are true occidentale. It extends farther south into northwestern Sinaloa, a series from Ahome to Culiacan being variously intermediate. Occidentale does not seem to reach an altitude over 3000 feet in Sinaloa. It extends into Durango at elevations approximately this, apparently where the birds of the Coastal Plains can follow up the rivers without Teaching high altitude. Our group of specimens from Tamazula, Durango, at an elevation of 2800 feet, illustrates this type of fluvial penetration and are typical occidentale, although geographically close to celswm on the up- land plateau. ; Specimens examined.—Of the following specimens, all are in the Moore Collection, unless enclosed in brackets: Palmeri—Arizona: Fresnal 1 9 [Dickey Col.—Arizona: Ft. Lowell 3, Continental 2 7 3 9, Santa Cruz River 1 #1 9, East Slope Baboquivari Mts. 1 @ 1 9; Sonora: Sarie 1 @]. Maculatum—Sonora: Tecoripa 1 2 (Nov. 13), Agiabampo 1 o& 2 9 (Apr. 19-25), Guirocoba 1 9 (Jan. 20), Sinaloa: El Orito 1 @ (Mar. 14), Cienaquita 2 @ (Apr. 13), La Guasimas 1 f 2 juv. 2 (July 1-19), Colmoa 1 @ 1 2 juv. ? (July 28—Sept. 3), El Fuerte 1 9 (May 14 nesting), Palmar 1 9 (Nov. 30), Yecorato 1 # (Apr. 29). Intergrades maculatum x occidentale—Sinaloa: Los Leones 1 #1 Q (Apr. 5), Guamuchil lim. 9 (Oct. 2), Ahome 1 9 lim. 9 (Aug. 4-Sept. 11), Rancho El Padre 2 9 (Nov. 22-26), Copalitos 2 7 19 (July 216 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 22-Aug. 4). Occidentale—Sinaloa: El Molino 3 @ (Nov. 3, Feb. 23-May 16), Culiacan 3 # 3 Q@ Lim. o& (Apr. 15-Feb. 27), Reforma 1 # 1 9 (Apr. 18), Badiraguato 2 o (Jan. 4-10), Cacalotan 1 9 (Feb. 12), Matatan 1 & (Apr. 23 breeding) Vado Hondo 1 & (Mch. 30 breeding), Quelite 1 # (Feb. 9), San Lorenzo 1 o& (Jan. 15), Rosario 3 # 3 2 (Sept. 8- Feb. 26), Iguana 2 o (Feb. 20-22), Elota 1 @ (Mch. 25); Durango: Tamazula2 2 lim @ (Nov. 25—Dec. 9); Nayarit: Tepic lim. 9 (June 20). Celsum—Guanajuato: Puerte de Guadalupe 1 «| 4 2 (May 13-21 breed- ing), Rancho Enmedio 4 & 4 9 (May 1-2 breeding, Jan. 28—Feb. 2), Irapuato 6 o' 5 2 1 im. o& (Apr. 6 breeding, Sept. 10-Jan. 19); Aguas- calientes: San Jacinto 3 1 2 (Oct. 11-21); extreme N. E. Jalisco: Lagos de Moreno 2 9 (Oct. 30—-Nov. 3); Durango: Ojito 2 7 1 @ (Aug. 21-26) [Col. Am. Mus. N. H.—Rio Sestin 16° 3 9 (Apr. 9- May4), Rancho Baillon 2919 (May 6-9), Arroyo del Buey 12 (May 28), Las Bocas 2° 29 (Feb. 8-11), Rosario 1 (Jan. 24), Santuario 1< 1 (Feb. 16-22), Cienega de las Vacas 1 2 (Mch. 28), La Boquilla 1 2 (Feb. 14]. Chihuahua: Laguna Juanota 1¢1 19 (Type) 29 (Aug. 2-5), Tohuariqui 16h 19 (May 10-18 breeding), Guayachi 192 (May 26 nesting). [Dickey Col.—Arizona: Chiracahua Mts.: Whitetail Canyon 1, Pinery Canyon 1 Buckhorn Canyon 19, ‘‘Chiracahua Mts.”’ 1 im. o; Fairbanks 19, Tucson 1¢ (van Rossem states taken farther east). Col. U. S. Nat. Mus.—New Mexico: Lone Mt. 3o° 39 2% juv. (July 17— Sept. 29), Silver City 19 (Nov. 5).] Curvirostre—Mexico: Temascaltepec 367 12 (July 16—Aug. 5 breeding; Michoacan: San Augustin 1o 19 (Feb. 11-14), near Uruapan 2c1 19 1 juv. o& im. @ (June 10—July 3), Zacapu 1¢ 19 1 im. @ (Aug. 20-Sept. 7); Jalisco: near Atoyac 3c 29 (Feb. 23-—Mch. 7). Curvirostre x occidentale, nearer curvirostre—Central Jalisco: Tapalpa 17 2 2 (Apr. 1-10 breeding), Guadalajara 19. Deflexum? Hidalgo: Portezuelo 1 o1 1 Q@ (Dec. 13-14); Queretaro: El Caracol 1 & 1 @ (Dee. 3-5); [U. 8S. Nat. Mus. Col.—San Luis Potosi: San Luis Potosi 1? (Feb.)]. Oberholseri—[Dickey Col.—Texas: Laredo 1?; U. S. Nat. Mus. Col.—Texas: Ft. Clark 1 o& 4 2 (Dec. 28—Mar. 6), Rio Grande City 1% 1 9 (Mar. 12-Apr. 26), Hidalgo 1 o 1 9 (Apr. 17—May 5), Lomita 1 @ (Apr. 10), Laredo 3 co 1 9 (June 2-12, Nov. 21), Brownsville 8 & 6 2 (Jan. 1-May 1), Point Isabel 1 o 1 @ (Nov. 26-30), “Texas” 1 o&; Nuevo Leon: Monterrey 1 & (June 18); Cornell Univ. Col.—near Monterrey 1 @ (Feb. 3).] Since the paper, ‘‘New Form of Toxostoma from Hidalgo” (Proc. Bio. Soc. Wash., 54, pp. 149-150) was forwarded to the publisher, the author, thanks to the courtesy of George Willett and Adrian van Rossem, has compared the type of the new race, Toxostoma dorsale dumosum, with additional specimens in the Los Angeles Museum and the Donald R. Dickey Collection from areas near the type locality, Rincon, New Mexico. The size difference seems much greater than originally believed; the wing and tail are ten per cent shorter and the feet obviously very much smaller. yp oe Jug. W0 FEE Vol. 54, pp. 217-218 February 19, 1942 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGT so are FEO JW ERRATA. SS kit 1. Rosert T. Moore. An error was made by the author in his paper (Proceedings of Biological Society of Washington, Vol. 54, March 21, 1941, p. 38) in connection with the description of Vermivora superciliosa sodalis. Therein it was stated that the form Vermivora s. palliata (Proceedings Biological Society of Wash- ington, Vol. 52, pp. 11-12) was described “‘from the southwestern state of Guerrero.”’ The locality of the type was clearly stated in the original paper as coming from “‘Sierra Nevada de Colima, Jalisco, Mexico—.”’ However, this error does not seem to affect the validity of either race. As stated in my description of sodalis, it ranges from southwestern Chihuahua south “through western Durango and eastern Sinaloa to the vicinity of Tepic and Nayarit,” from which last locality the birds are ‘slightly inter- mediate.”’ Palliata ranges from Guerrero north to extreme southern Jalisco. Between the two ranges is a considerable area, covering the south- ern half of Nayarit and the larger part of Jalisco where intermediates between sodalis and the east Mexican form, mexicana, occur, as well as others approaching palliata. As stated in my paper (Op. Cit. p. 39), ““‘my series from Tapalpa, in west-central Jalisco, represents intermediates between mexicana ...and sodalis.”? The ancient and much faded series in the British Museum is of little help in solving this problem. Only a con- siderable amount of fresh material will positively determine where the range of palliata begins. Fortunately, new collections, taken between Nayarit and the Rio Balsas in northern Guerrero, are on the way to the author and may provide definitive material. 2. L. C. Stuart. An error in wording was made by the author in his diagnosis of Xeno- saurus rackhami (pp. 47-48) which completely reverses the intended mean- ing. In the diagnosis this species is said to differ from Xenosaurus grandis (Gray), ““. . . in possessing smaller gular scales, etc... . ”’ The word “smaller” should read “larger.” 48—Proc. Bron. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 54, 1941. (217) 96 ‘he A abdominalis, Phyllophaga.__._..... Acalypha virginica... aoe Acanthogrubia uncinata_.____. we acridoides, Phrynobatrachus...... acuticaudus, Hylophilus flavipes aequalis, Pliocercus._................-.- elapoides.. : Sisphosye Aithopyga agricola, Aphelenchus._ Agrostis geminata_._.._..... hiemalis geminata. scabra geminata_____. = aiken, OtusvasiOw-- se albicollis, Rhipidura albicollis albiventer, Microdipodops palli- dus eee Canis lupus Aldrich, J. W., Round-table dis- cussion of recent important events in biological research. alfredi, Eleutherodactylus Allorchestes angustus......... frequens....2-_-.-._.. ochotensis........ oculatus._..........- almada, Phyllophaga. JN yo ore eae ae ee altipetens, Nettion andium___..... (Ayiarani thse eels CEN CO ENS) ore pe erence ambrosioides, Chenopodium... pra pehecH AN PIC WIAD dee eee lobat Aon aprigenis littoralis. Amphithoe corallina... andium, Nettion... andium........ anguillaris, Clarias__.. Platystacus._._. Plotosus....... Silcrvie! ee Fee te angustifolia, Peristrophe. angustus, Allorchestes... Ankylophallus chacaitus.... encantadus..................- oh Vallecoleng tesco eee annulata, Leptodeira annulata.. antennatus, Elasmopus... Neogammaropsis.. anzuetoi, Eleutherodactylus. Aphelenchoides... sane minor............... parietinus.. (AO, 9 ae AE aha A Aphelenchus agricol Aplopappus brickellioides.. johnstonii_. nuttallii...... arab, Plotosus.. PSyA Us ei: REL Ue ak eT 49—Proc. Brox. Soc. Wasu., Vou. 54, 1941. FEB 26 1942 LUNI DEX. New names are printed in heavy type. Arbelorhina eximia........-............. arctos, Canis lupus............. 27 arcuatus, Rhysodesmus 3 31 areta, Hunitoma se , 8, 188 arizonensis, Perognathus longi- 178 MEM DyI1S sec ee en eee eae 55 208, 209 Arremon schlegeli...._. 133, 1384 123, 124 canidorsum.. 133, 135 122 schlegeli___. 133, 135 193 Artemisia stelleriana..... = 31 52 ETIGEN LATA ee ee ene 57 33 artemisiae, Microtus curtatus.... 70 45 articulata, Ampelisca.................. 187 45 Aruga dissimilis........_.. 187 45 Arvicola curtata.. 69 151 pallidus...__.... 69 49 pauperrima.._.........._... 69 assatum, Lygosoma cherriel.. 181, 182 59, 60 asio, Otus....151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157, 108 IANS pTed Ossetia a aT ee 175 catylephorus.... “i 109 VANE le xe meena nets 57 autenuata,) Bela ce enna leta ae 2 t Aurea variegata __ A 31 xl aurea, Clathurella.. 4 200 aureolus, Peromyscus nuttalli... 189, 191 187 auricularis, Pitymys pinetorum 201 187 aviculae, Chevalia.................-.-.... 187 183, 184 azurea, Calocitta formosa........... 172 187 25 B 31 bagabo, Collocalia esculenta...... 169 143, 144 Bailey, V., Round-table discus- 31 sion of recent field trips.......... xi 31 Round-table discussion 31 of recent important events in 187 biological research... xi 187 Ballophilus..................... 140 187 balsamina, Impatiens... 31 188 barberi, Hypopachus.................. 126 143 Bartsch, Paul. The nomenclator- 144 ial status of certain northern 16 Turritid mollusks... 2.2 1 15, 16 Basileuterus cinereicollis.._......... 209, 210 15, 16 cinereicollis._............... 209 16 paliduluse eee 209 31 conspicillatus... 210 187 Begonia.. 31 137, 142 TOK eee ee RS 2 31 137, 142 Belair ee re ee el ae ee 1, 2, 3, 4 137, 142 attenuata.. 2 117 BYAVCHUW se eon ee 2 187 krauseL. 5 187 Tinima ore 2 197, 199 NEDUAs ee ee 2,3 32 TULA cee 2 34 septangularis. a7 2 34 bellii, Bolitoglossa.......... Aoi it Be ato} 34 bicolor, Pliocercus.................-.----- 123, 124 33 Blake, S. F. Note on observa- 19 tion of a large flock of purple i 18 grackles in December... ix 19 —— Four new Asteraceae 16 from northern Mexico by I. 15, 16 WE DP ONMBO Me eee 17 (219) 220 Blepharodon ae 19 Bogertia__...... pat 195 lutzae___.. 195, 196 Bolitoglossa.. 83 belli. 77, 81, 83 cephalicn = 83 gadovii__. 81, 82, 83 galaenae._- Ea 83 mann 83 melanemolga 81, 82, 83 SInit nies 83 unguidentis._.....--_.. 83 Borborocoetes mexicanus.. 87, 91 brachus, Rhysodesmus...... 63, 66 iIBracteola= ee 44 lucida... 44 orientalis 44 subaequigluma... 44 brasiliensis, Ericthonius. 188 TS Trib ae NC Ee 195 Brickellia monocephala. 18 robinsoniama..._..-___..__--_. 17 brickellioides, Aplopappus... 19 brocchii, Eleutherodactylus._ 200 Brodkorb, Pierce An undescribed woodpecker from the Para- guava Chace seu 3 Bromus ciliatus__-..... 45 laeviglumis... 45 laeviglumis____....... 45 purgans._-.-.---_-_- 45 glabriflorus... 45 laeviglumis... Sal 45 Browallia viscosa.................--.---- 31 C cactorum, Picus:: 2 23 Trichopicus cactorum.......__- 23 calcitrans, Eleutherodactylus.... 89, 91, 93 EL ylodes see ai Aaa 87 californica, Photis..__.. A 187 Caliniphargus sulcus._..__...... 187 Calocitta formosa azurea.. 172 impudens________ NG 172 POMPAt aaa ewe 172 ealvertensis, Sorex obscurus..__ 103, 104, 18 Camara poan tana een canescens, Microtus montanus.. 1G Canetoma: 008 ea canicaudus, Microtus f caniceps, Megarhynchus pitan- EU Ne ae) 35, 36, 37 canidorsum, Arremon schlegeli.. 133, 135 Canis lupus alces... 109 arctos... aie TN TS} columbianus._ VOM a2 fuscus.. ny sie) KS tala hudsonicus... eth 112 irremotus.. wt) TIO), alla ligoni__.... -110, 111, 112 Iyvicaonievaliinulreae Eien 1125 1113 occidentalis....._. TONED eis pambasileus _.._.109, 110, 111, 112 carolinensis, Clethrionomys.. 162, 163, 164 ONAN 164 carrikeri, Oreopeleia lawrencii... 205, 206 Cassia javanica TEGO SEAN le cattleianum, Psidium__. 179, 180 eattleyanum, Psidium.... 179 caudatus, Amaranthus.____ ve. 31 celeripes, Dipodomys ordii__..... 58 celsum, Toxostoma curvirostre_. 212, 213 214, 215, 216 cephalica, Bolitoglossa__........._.. 83 Cerethmus............-.-------.-------------- 139, 140 naiquatanus.._....-...---..--..--- 137, 139, 140 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Cervus elaphus....-........-.----------- 102 Cestoma............ ees 5 chacaitus, Ankylophallus..____ 137, 142 INIGOY GDS) 137, 142 Chamberlin, Ralph V. On five new Polydesmid millipeds from Mexico.__....--.---2-0 63 On a collection of Myrio- pods from Venezuela.___..____. 137 championi, Hypopachus ........... 127 Chenopodium ambrosioides..._... 31 cherriei, Lygosoma..................-.. 181 cherriei..- 181, 182 Chevalia aviculae_ 187 Chilo tus ease ee eeuaes 69 chiricahuae, Uta ornata.. 165, 167 Chloris subaequigluma....... 4 ehloroticus, Drymobius..... 5 chlorus, Peromyscus true... 131, 132 Chrysanthemum frutescens -..... 31 Chrysochloa._____-..-...---.----2.--- 44 lucida.___. 44 orlentaligi wee eeateae hes 44 subaequigluma...... 44 ciliata, Viguiera. 2) 20 ciliatus) Bromuses eee 45 cineraceus, Otus.____._....-0..--..- 152 Otuslasio eae 151, 152, 154 155, 156, 158, 159 cinereicollis, Basileuterus..........- 209, 210 cinereicollis._...........- 209 cinereus, Sorex........... 96, 97 Cinnyris............. 52, 53 frenatus.. 52 Jugularis______... 52 jugularis.. 53 Picta____._...... §2 sericea ee 52 sperata juliae.... 52, 53 speratan... 2c... sce. 52, 53 Gistothorus platensis elegans... 40 Stellariss saa 40 tinnulus___ 40 Clarias anguillaris ___.......--.- 16 Gera Sil a 16 clarki, Dendrophidion._....._..____. 73 Clathurella ae es 1,4 UT OES eee TNE 4 TVs ee OTs Eee ale 4 Clavatulae i ae Ne eae 4 Tava 4 @lethrionomysaees eae 161, 162 carolinensis_. ...162, 168, 164 {SR O) OS 163, 164 galen ne eR 161, 162 gapperl.... 162, 163, 164 idahoensis... 161, 162 paludicola__ 162 rhoadsi___.... 162, 163 uintaensis__..._...... .. 161, 162 Coleus blumei verschaffeltii__..... 31 Collocalia esculenta bagabo........ 169 ISOnO tas a eee nea 169 mindanensis______.______.____ 169 colombiana, Pselliodes.._............ 138 columbianus, Canis lupus..........- 110, 112 Dipodomys ordii_....--.... 58 compressus, Lepidocolaptes sou- eve tier kN hee ee 171, 172 concavus, Lembos.. 187 confinis, Festuca __ 44 Conover, H. B. A new race of Nettion andium from Vene- Ziela FOR Ee eee 143 conspicillatus, Basileuterus........ 210 Convolvulus japonicus...............- 31 cooper, Otus=a aes 152, 153, 154 156, 157, 158, 159 corallina, Amphithoe 188 coriaceum, Psidium................-.... eattleyanum...... corniculata, Orchestoidea._. Corophium= grossipes. BALMNONIG tee eee ee stim psoni__. aes Fee aa a ee Boca costaricensis, Salpinctes obso- Le Giis ee ee ee a Cottam, C. Round-table dis- cussion of recent field trips... cotylephorus, Aspredo.___........_. Plat yatacuse sen ens Couch, L. K. Note of a recent visit to C. Hart Merriam.___. Round-table discussion of recent field trips... Round-table discussion of recent important events in biological research... Cowan, Ian McTaggart. Insu- larity in the genus Sorex on the north coast of British Co- eranchii, Bela__. crassirostris, Ra pe conenin de. ee Se muta’ Cuphea ignea._____. platycentra__. eurtata, Arvicola__...... curtatus, Lemmiscus. curtatus.____. curvipennis, Pampa pampa....... iroehilises ene ee eurvirostre, Orpheus. Toxostoma............. curvirostre.. Cyanerpes cyaneus.... gemmeus..___. tobagensis._.... cyaneus, Cyanerpes...__.............-- Dalquest, Walter W. An iso- lated race of Microtus mon- tanus from eastern Washing- Index. 179, 180 171, 172 172, 173 xi 15 15 x xi xi [Coy 0 ia he ee aac Ane rE nap nitions & beta Bis 145 defer, Toxostoma curviros- Creer ie ee ee 213, 214, 215, 216 Geexuss LULGUas eee , 214 Deana see eee See BE Ct hordeaces = ee 2 moll et es 2 i ee aa wen 210 SUttTaAlIS. ee teo ore ee er VAXIAbiliae ake oeme teenie 2 WTI et ee NYE 3 DMendrophidion ee 73 celarki..... 73 dendroph 73, 74, 75 paucicarinatus...................... DELrCATINA LUN pee ee 73, 76 Winlitors sere ey ae 74, 75, 76 dendrophis, Dendrophidion....... Wa, 74, 10 deppei, Elapochrous................ es 119 deserticola, Megarhynchus pi- Paneth siete 37 diastema, Liophis elapoides._..... 120, 122 Pliocercus elapoides.......... 120, 121, 124 dicey, Microdipodops palli- q panne a ate ee ai 6) dimidiatus, Pliocercus 123, 124 Diplethmus................. 140 ID lost Chisses eee ees 20 Dipodomys ordii celeripes... 58 columbianus....... 58 inaquosus___.___. 58 monoensis ...... 58 disjunctus, Ericthonius.. 188 dissimilis, Aruga..........- 187 Nannon y xe ads 187 dorsale, Toxostoma dorsale........ 149 Doutt, J. Kenneth. New Cleth- rionomys from Utah and IRennsylvantae een 161 drummondii, Phlox _..... 31 Drymobius chloroticus.. a 75 Dulichiella spinosa....-.-.2..---.....--- 187 dumosum, Toxostoma dorsale.... 149, 216 E elaphus, Cervus............------.-------- 102 Elapochrous deppei— 119 elapoides, Pliocercus...... ne ma als stale) elapoides.....___. 119, 120, 121 122’ 123, 124 Wrothecsisvasr wees 119 Elasmopus antennatus..........- 187 elegans, Cistothorus platensis___ 40 Eleutherodactylus_...... 91, 92, 197, 199, 200 i 200 mexicanus.. 87, 89, 91, 92, 94, 199 occidentalis... 91, 92, 93 rostralis._. 197, 198, 199 saltator.__. 89, 91, 93 spatulatus 199, 200 xucanepi 199 elevatus, Pararachistes... 63 emini, Glauconia............ 177 Leptotyphlops..... 177 (orbbe sees ey) OR RUE easy 177 encantadus, Ankylophallus.._.... 137, 142 encantus, Neocricus...................- 137, 142 Ericthonius brasiliensis... 188 disjunctus._...... ees 188 erinus, Lobelia... 31 Eudrepanis................ 52 eurybia, Funitoma... ayy Hy US} Eurycea multiplicats x 77 Eurystheus tenuicornis.. 187 euryzonus, Pliocercus........ 119, 124 eusculptus, Rhysodesmus... 64, 65, 66 Evotomys carolinensis......... 164 excellens, Pampa pampa._ 207 eximia, Arbelorhina._. 209 eximius, Cyanerpes cyaneus.. 209 exquisita, Propebela 7, 12, 13 Fr fasciatus, Salpinctes obsoletus 172, 173 ferrugineus, Otocryptops............ 137 ROS EUG cae ee ee eee eo Ee 44, 45 CONMNISE eee ee eee 44 2A Ee 45 [PeabeVerb be Lit pee 44 rabiosa.. 5 Fimbriella robusta... 187 flammeus, Peromyscus nuttalli.. 190, 191 flavipes, Hylophilus peerle a ASE 208 flavipes... 208 foederatus, Neocricus... 137, 141 222 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. formosus, Perognathus................ formosus..........-.....-------- Fosberg, F. R. Varieties of the strawberry guava..___._......-.---- fournieri, Torenia......................- Fowler, L. Helen. Waterlilies frenatus, Cinnyris....._.. frequens, Allorchestes... Ie yalle! sees ae ee fresnelii, Melita... frutescens, Chrysanthemum...... NLENCOTCC) 0S) AB SSI ee aD areta _._. eurybia_.. iv fuscus, Canis lupus eA ae i Gabrielson, I. N. Fauna of some of the Alaskan islands.. gadovii, Bolitoglossa_.._.__...-_.. galaenae, Bolitoglossa.._...._........ galei, Clethrionomys gapperi___.. gapperi, Clethrionomys ._...__... Gehyra en geminata, Agrostis... hiemalis.___._ gemmeus, Cyanerpes cyaneus.. Geotrygon lawrencil___.._. gigantissima, Phyllophaga. gilberti, Peromyscus truei-. aS gilmani, Otus asio__......-_---..------ glabriflorus, Bromus purgans.... Glauconia emini_... globulosus, Hypopachus.. Mw Gobius patella. Goldman, E. A. Mexican deer introduction in the Southern SG su Gees 2 ee EAC AE TROBE Remarks on voles of the genus Lemmiscus, with one described as new.....-.......-------- Three new wolves from INorthi America see eee A new western subspe- cies of Golden Mouse... gollmeri, Eleutherodactylus____ gracile, Werolopisima se Lygosoma..............- gracilis, Orthomorpha. grandifolium, Psidium coria- grandis, Xenosaurus. Granotoma.__..._.---...---- krauseL Grant, Cleveland. Wildlife in greeffi, Hemidactylus... grossipes, Corophium.. grotei, Lygodactylus. Sa Grubia indentata.. es guatemalae, Otus._......----..-.---.--- gulosus, Perognathus longimem- guttatus, Salpinctes obsoletus._- Gymnostreptus......-------------- Hachisuka, Marquess. Descrip- tions of two new races of birds from South China......_....--.....- 179 185 176, 177 152 55, 56 172, 173 141 49 Hachisuka, Marquess. Descrip- tion of a new species of bird from the Philippine Islands... 51 New race of swift from the Philippine Islands______.__. 169 Hall, E. Raymond. New Hetero- myid rodents from Nevada... 55 hardii, Plethodon____._._.__-_.__._. T7 harucoa, Venustoma... 6, 11, 13 hecuba, Curtitoma....... ee Gs I, 1183 Heliomeris seh ae st 20 Hemidactylus. 195, 196 prec fie eS eae 196 Henbest, L. G. Kodachrome views of natural history speci- TANG Tt ssl AA PEA Mg se x Hesperochloa.._...... ae 44 kingii rabiosa.... een 45 Heterodera marioni_._.. 31 hintonella, Phyllophaga. 27 hirticollis, Phyllophaga. 29 Javtsyoytolsy, \Waveqbutey ryote te 20 Hoffmann, I. N. Note on obser- vation of late flights of Can- ada ceeses bis ene ee x Hoffmeister, Donald F. Two new subspecies of the pifion mouse, Peromyscus. truei, Tieopant (Chubyioyaoute ss 129 Hohenbergia selloiana_.__.. 195 hokkaidcensis, Nematoma.....____. 6. 9, 13 hordeacea, Defrancia.._._.._.. 2 hudsonicus, Canis lupus... 112 humile, Psidium..__........... ee) 7), ESO) Hyale frequens___..... pe 187 Hylodes calcitrans.__-......---.-...--.- 87 Hylophilus flavipes... 208 acuticaudus. 208, 209 flavipes._.._.... 208 melleus.__.................-...-. 208 Hypopachus....... 125, 126 aT Sree Anse 126 Govemenoyml 2 127 GUNES See nee 126, 127 CUNEUS = eae 127 nigroreticulatus____..._. 127 lO bUlOSs Use ee eee an 126 inguinalis.._. lets, ee, Ie, eS SUMUS ohne eines 125, 126, 127, 128 ae Clethrionomys gap- PC PiscHodenl ignea, Cuphea Imler, Ralph The 1941 Alaska investigations of our national emblem—the bald eagle xii Impatiens balsamina.___..__. 31 impressa, Nodotoma._...____.___._.. 5, 13 impudens, Calocitta formosa...... 172 inaequalis, Neophotis 187 inaequipes, Maera.__...___.... 187 inaquosus, Dipodomys ordi 58 incolatus, Perognathus formosus 56, 57 Nar Coryia ite ein eeeo Ag tec uae 138 indentata, Grubia...__..-- 2... 188 inguinalis, Hypopachus....125, 126, 127, 128 insignis, Lepidocolaptes souley- Sb ek ae gala insularis, Sorex obscurus. ..103, 104, 107 integra, Phyllophaga...................- AS, Pe intermedius, Microtus._.............- 70 Iresine)lind ent aa 31 linden 2s 31 irremotus, Canis lupus.. 110, 111 Ischnula Index. Ischyrocerus parvus....----.----------- 188 Kshnulaces ee ee i 2 isonota, Collocalia esculenta... 169 Ttyphilus 139, 140 J Jackson, H. H. T. Notices of i recent publications.._.......-- xil A new pine mouse, genus Pitymys, from Wisconsin.___.- 201 japonica, Obesotoma.——..........-.--- 4, 7, 13 japonicus, Convolvulus... 31 javanica, Cassia._—.....--------------- 177 Jewett, S. G. The mystery of the marbled murrelet and other pind NOtes eee x johnstonii, Aplopappus...- 18 jugularis, Cinnyris.__... 52 jugularis........... 2 53 juliae, Cinnyris sperata....--...-..-- 52, 53 K Keporya___—_.....--..---------------------- 138, 139 EO Trrb tei G fe eee ea 137, 138, 139 kineaidi, Microtus montanus... 145, 146 kingii, Festuca 44 Oa ee ae 44 knighti, Rhysodesmus. 65, 66 krausei, Bela....-.--....---- 5 Granotoma.. Gy, 133 Kubichek, W. F. Grebe; contributions to its ‘ ie nistoly= xi L laeviglumis, Bromus...-.--..-.------ 45 ciliatus__-.-.- 45 purgans... 45 ag uris 69, 70 lalanza, Phyllophaga._ s, 67 Lantana camara...----....--------------- 31 latocollaris, Pliocercus elapoides 120, 122, 124 latifasciatus, Troglodytes..._....... 42 latodactylus, Syrrhophus....._....- 89 lawrencii, Geotrygon —_.---- Le 205 Oreopeleia........-.---- we 206 lawrencii... 205, 206 Leiolopisma..-.......- 193 gracile...... 193 WANA ee 193 nigrofasciolatum.........-..-.---- 193 Lembos concavus...-...-.---.----------- 187 Lemmiscus.......-------- 69, 146 curtatus.—_—__.... 7 CUnbatus 232 70, 71 levidensis....— =. PBC Us eee 70, 71 pauperrimus.—.._.-.-----.-- 70, 71 pallidie pauperrimus._........--------.----- 70 lentipes, Oreopeleia lawrencii.... 206 leonensis, Rhysodesmus.............- 64, 65, 66 Lepidocolaptes souleyetii com- PICSSUS. ..—----------2n--on-nseenennennenene 171, 172 COONS eee 171, 172 insignis....- 171, 172 matudae... 171, 172 Leptocoma.............. = 52 Leptodeirs..-.—-—-...-.-.------ - 115 annulata annulata —............- 117 maculata...........-.----------- 117 polysticta.—_..-...-.-. 115, 116, 117 septentrionalis. S115, 116, 117 taylori__-.......-..-.------. 115, 116, 117 Leptotyphlops.........-.------------------- 175 eminieeae 177 emini__._... 177 pembae... 177 Leptynophilus..... : = 140 Leuiperus mexicanus.—........-.----- 91, 92 levidensis, Lemmiscus curtatus.. 70 lewisi, Peromyscus nuttalli -__.... 191 ligoni, Canis lupus.._....-....-----. 110, 111, 112 Lincoln, F.C. Round-table dis- cussion of recent field-trips.... xi indent, hesin essa ree 31 lindenii, Iresine ae 31 linearis, Uta ornata.——_............-.. 165, 167 lineatissimus, Microbatrachylus 87, 39 5 15 Liophis elapoides diastema. 120, 122 Pricincbus es ee 119 Listrochelus....... 25 trochanter..__.-.-- za 26 lithophilum, Panicum... 43 littorale seaidium ee 179, 180 littoralis, Amphilochus................ 187 lividat|Oenopotae 1 ne 3 lobata, Ampelisca............---.-------- 187 Mobeha enunUs soe eee 31 longicauda, Sorex obscurus........ 97, 98, 99 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107 longipes, Psidium coriaceum...... 180 ittorales. a eae 180 longirostris, Rallus....... .. 2038, 204 longirostris_. 203, 205 longitarsis, Newportia. is 138 1 Bio): Nee a ee ee ee eS 1, 3,4 Loveridge, Arthur. New geckos (Phelsuma & Lygodactylus), snake (Leptotyphlops), and frog (Phrynobatrachus) from Pemba Island, East Africa... 175 — An undescribed skink (Lygosoma) from New Cal- ECON ee ee 193 Bogertia lutzae—a new genus and species of gecko from Bahia, Brazil_...-............ 195 lucida, Bracteola._. ee 44 Chrysochloa............. 44 lucidum, Psidium cattl 180 ittorales 180 lucidus, Microdipodops pallidus 60 luminosa, Verbena..-..........-..------ 31 lutzae, Bogertia......... 195, 196 lycaon, Canis lupus... 22 sal Pe ahis3 Lygodactylus............- hes 175 BEOCCL See aceon 176, 177 pakenhami................-.-- 176 Lygosoma.......-...------ -181, 182, 193 Chernin. es es 181 assatum.__. 181, 182 cherriei_.. 181, 182 stuarti_... 181, 182 gracile.......... = 193, 194 sleyinite.. oe See 193 M Mabuya maculilabris albotaen- 1 1 ences eel a ee ee ee = 175 Macrobrickellia..................-----.---- 18 maculata, Leptodeira annulata.. 117 maculatum, Toxostoma curvi- TOBE Gite ecco asset 211, 212, 213, 215 madagascariensis, Phelsuma...... 175 Maera inaequipes... 187 rvh1a tt (: eee a , 187 Mangelia menardiana.................. 3 224 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Mann, W. M. The Smithson- ian-Firestone Liberia Expe- dition )::) ee ee ix manni, Bolitoglossa.. 83 mariae, Leilopisma.. 193 marioni, Heterodera 31 martirensis, Peromyscus truei... 131, 132 matudae, Lepidocolaptes sou- LAE eT Ne a 171, 172 maupasi, Paraphelenchus........... 33, 34 mccallii, Otus asio...153, 154, 155, 158, 159 McHenry, D. E. Tree flowers. ix media wAlsine esau 31 megacephalus, Microdipodops megacephalus...............-.------. 59, 60 Megarhynchus pitangua_ cani- CES ST a deserticola... mexicanus...... tardiusculus... peal Megascops vinaceus...................- melanomolga, Bolitoglossa.......... 81, 82, 83 melanostictus Eleutherodacty- [DS tU ae aaa es Ue ely SDE 200 He ee EIEIN 57 Melita fresnelii__ 187 Dalmata:= oleae 187 melleus, Hylophilus flavipes....... 208 menardiana, Mangelia.__......._. 3 mexicana, Vermivora_ super- Ciliosae aaa 37, 38, 39, 217 mexicanus, Borborocoetes __.._- 87, 91 Eleutherodactylus .......... 87, 89, 91, 92 j 94, 199 Teuiperus se 91, 92 Megarhynchus pitangua.... 35, 36, 37 Scaphorhynchus................. 835 micoletzkyi, Paraphelenchus...... 33, 34 Microbatrachylus..-.......-...---... 89, 91 lineatissimus.... pee 87, 89 oaxacaes ees aE 89 Microdipodops megacephalus megacephalus........------ 59, 60 sabulonis. print 59, 60 pallidus............. ein 60 albiventer... Nu 59, 60 dickeyi._.__... 60 lucidus..... 60 pallidus... by 60 ruficollaris._..........._...- 59, 60 Microtus...._.........-. .145, 146, 147 canicaudus.........-..... 146 curtatus artemisiae._.......... 70 intermedius............... Lips 70 montanus.......__.. 145, 146 canescens.. 146 kincaidi_..__. 145, 146, 147 montanus... atu 145, 146 pennsylvanicus......_.....--..--- 146 Miller, J. P. Note on the work of the Virginia Academy of Sciences ea xi milletii, Defrancia.............-.- 2 mindanensis, Collocalia escu- eT 6 ee OTR PAINE 169 minima, Bela..................- ably 2 minor, Aphelenchoides... AKG 34 miranda, Keporya.......__.....__.... 187, 138, 139 Mittleman, M. B. A new lizard of the genus Uta from Arizona 165 mohavensis, Perognathus for- TAOS US een ene NA Le ieenaa ae 56, 57 monocephala, Brickellia ae 18 monoensis, Dipodomys ordii...... 58 montanus, Microtus _.. 145, 146 montanus! = 145, 146 Moore, Robert T. New races of flycatcher, warbler, and wrens from Mexico.................- 35 Moore, Robert T. New form of Toxostoma from Hidalgo_...._. 149 Three new races in the genus Otus from central Mex- ——— Notes on Toxostoma curvirostre of Mexico with description of a new race....... 211 mucronata, Viguiera............--..- 20 multiplicata, Eurycea................. 77 Murex nebula... 2 curricula 4 mutabile, Criconemoides.__ 32 MOH ASUS STUNT AUS an ee 16 N naiquatanus, Cerethmus.........__ 137, 139, 140 Nannonyx dissimilis._....... 187 natalensis, Phrynobatrachus_.___ 178 navigator, Sorex palustris_..._____ 99 nebula, Bela 2,3 Murex... 2) Nectariniidae 52 neglectus, Salpinctes obsoletus.. 41 Nématomal222 5). 0a UE 6 hokkaidoensis.._.__...-- 6, 9, 13 nemoralis, Pitymys pinetorum.. 201, 202 Neocricus chacaitus encantus_____._..__.. foederatust en : Neogammaropsis antennatus____ 187 Neophotis inaequalis... 187 Nesbitt, R. A. Atlantic coast shade Sav CE ee oes ix Nettion andium____. 143 altizetens__ .. 148, 144 eyarohionon. 144 nevadensis, Perognathus longi- SWOVELAN OPES ree ee 55, 56 Newportia longitarsis......__.._.__. 138 nigritinctus, Rhipidura albicollis 49 nigrofasciolatum, Leiolopisma.... 193 nigroreticulatus, Hypopachus CUNEUSH eS os 127 nigrovittata, Pselliodes ws 138 Nodotoma..-...........--.------ 5 impressa. ait 5, 13 Notiphilides= ay 138 notius, Salpinctes obsoletus........ 41, 42 nuda, Rhysida...........----..--... ie 138 nuevus, Pararachistes.............. 63, 66 nuttalli, Peromyscus -_.. ...189, 190, 191 Nuttall ea 190, 191 nuttallii, Aplopappus...-....-........ 19 O oaxacae, Microbatrachylus___..... 89 Oberholser, H. C. Notices of x recent publications_._____._...-..-.- x1 oberholseri, Toxostoma curvi- rostre! {as 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216 @besotomas alee 4 Japonica... ae) 4,7, 13 obovatum, Psidium coriaceum.. 179 Obscurus, SOPEX eee eevee 96, 97, 98, 99 101, 102, 103 obscunus. 99, 100 obsoletus, Salpinctes obsoletus.. 41, 42 occidentale, Toxostoma curvi- TOSULC Here 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216 Canis lupus.............-.. 110, 111, 112, 113 Eleutherodactylus..............- 91, 92, 93 ochotensis, Allorchestes.. ii 183, 184 Parallorchestes.......... 184 Ochrotomys..........--------- 189 oculatus, Allorchestes... ul 187 Odocolleus Sa ee 102 eH ee Index. OMenopo tare ccc csetewnecccs 1, 3, 4 livida...... 3 pingelli.____.. 3 pleurotomaria. 3,5, 13 TCL Lees ce 3 omiltemanus, Syrrhophus._.- 91 onita, Phyllophaga____........ ioe 27 Onopota#. = ae a ue 3 Orchestoidea corniculata.. wae 187 Oreopeleia lawrencil._-...... ais 206 carrikeri __.__.. 205, 206 lawrencii. .. 205, 206 lentipes.......... i 206 orientalis, Bracteola.... wit 44 Chrysochloa.......... neh 44 Ornismya pampa.._.. = 207 Orpheus curvirostre.. 214 @rpanseuse =e *) 138 Orthomorpha gracilis... ei Otocryptops ferrugineus.. — 137 COLTER al eee Oe es 151, 152 asio....151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 159 aikeni____ Se eae 151 cineraceus........-...---.-- 151, 152, 154 553 156, 159 milmaniwe see 152 mecallii...___ 153, 154, 155, 158, 159 semplei____........ 154, 155, 158, 159 sortilegus.__ Cie, 156, 158, 159 Sutton ee 152, 154, 155 156, 158, 159 VAN ACCUS sis coe eee 151 KAN GUS sate ee ek, 158, 159 COOPEL a eee WGEPH Wssy, Wey sys) 156, 157, 158, 159 guatemalae. 152 tomlini 158 vermiculatus 158, 159 sinaloensis 151, 152, 153, 157, 158, 159 ErIChOPSIsse seers eS 52 valine Gai} ee ee 151, 152, 153, 154 155, 157, 158, 159 seductus.._........... 156, 157, 158, 159 WADA CCUSi eee tase 156 12 pagoda, Defrancia._..................... 213 pakenhami, Lygodactylus grotei 176 Phrynobatrachus._............ 178 palliata, Vermivora superciliosa 37, 38, 217 pallidulus, Basileuterus cinerei- (fo) UAT pe ES Te eed ee peaee oe en 209 pallidus, Arvicola.......................- 69 Vem MUSCUS saee-sena toes ee 70 CUrLAtUS ESS ee 70, 71 Microdipodops...................--. 60 pallidus....... ee 60 Ralbust scot. (18 ieee 203 I Cahir teatio}z|nytspepeeie ey 203, 205 palmata, Melita_. eo 187 palmeri, Toxostoma curvirostre 2 212,213,215 paludicola, Clethrionomys gap- Deve ee a a eee 162 palustris, Sorex sod bake te oe 96 pambasileus, Canis lupus... 109, 110 111, 112 Pampa pampa........ edetcnenasevesmerdi 207 curvipennis._................. 207 excellens. 22. is 207 pampa...... ay 207 DEI ks) OMNIS Gere eee eee 207 1 Ef:1 00) 0}; Werke tate ee an ER APNE AE once Se 207 PAM pars its ee 207 panamintinus, Perognathus Jon gimiem bride ee ee ae 55, 56 Panicum lithophilum. 2 43 Paragrubia uncinata..... oe 188 Parallorchestes____....._. es 182 ochofensige see 184 Paraphelenchus..............-.---.-------- 32, 83 maupasL...... 33, 34 micoletzkyi-............ 33, 34 Pararachistes elevatus. 63 NuUevUs! ey A: 63, 66 vertebratus..._.. ee 63 parietinus, Aphelenchoides........ 34 parkeri, Phelsuma madagascar- parvus, Ischyrocerus........... 188 Trichopicus cactorum. 23 patella, Gobius.___.............. = 15 patula, Tagetes............-----.-.--20--- 31 paucicarinatus, Dendrophidion 73 pauperrima, Arvicola_........_..... 69 pauperrimus, Lemmiscus 70 curtatus.—_......... 70, 71 Pelargonium._...... # monagles coe ee Met ee oy 31 pelodramus, Rallus longinoatrs 203 pembae, Leptotyphlops emini.. 177 pennsylvanicus, Microtus_......... 146 percarinatus, Dendrophidion..... 73, 76 Peristrophe angustifolia... 31 Perochirus= 2 ee de 195 Perognathus formosus.. ie 57 formosus......... 56, 57 incolatus_.. 56, 57 melanurus 57 mohavensis...............--... 56, 57 longimembris arizonensis 55 PMlOSUS is eset 55, 56 nevadensis..... 55, 56 panamintinus. - 55, 56 SV ANS eee 55, 56 Peromyscus._........ 95, 96, 97, 189 nuttalli __.._._. 189, 190, 191 SUITE OLUS ara ees 189, 191 flammeus. 190, 191 lewisi......... 191 nuttalli_ 190, 191 Chee , 130, 131 chilorus=22) 22a ia: 131, 132 gilberti____ 130 martirensis..... 131, 132 Petunia eee phelpsi, Rallus | : Phelsumar eee ee ey madagascariensis...........--..... Parker ieee ee 175 phenax, Viguiera..............-.......-.- 19, 20 Phlox drumm oni seen 31 IP-Rouscslifornicam see 187 Phrynobatrachusi=. ee 175 acridoides......... nar 178 Matslensige. ee ee 178 pakenhamia aise 5) ct 178 Phyllophaga............ 26, 26, 27, 67 SAbAOMIMs LIS sere eee 27 almadalsce6 25> ao bees 25 PISA ISSA ete eee nee 67, 68 kiimtone) lass ors aces tone 27 avin ya) UL a ee, Se 29 Tite grat ee oe Se 26, 27 Val riz) 2 ee inna 67 C11) aoe ee eee 27 TUPROLSS see ee 29 temastalis® 222 Ba hia ss 26 picta’ Cinniyriss pe el 52 Pics) CAGLODUN0 ee ee 23 pinetorum, Pitymys pinetorum 201 pingelli, Oenopota Pit YI S ee ee eet basscke pinetorum auricularis.......... 201 MEMOLALIGt en oet ness ackccusee ds 201, 202 pinetorum........ scalopsoides.. 226 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. AT UNG Oe eees cee nrtes area nena ae 31 rugelit-.. att 31 platycentra, Cuphea... 31 Platystacus.___... 15 anguillaris._. 15, 16 cotylephorus... 15 Plethodon hardii__. ay) q7 idahoensis..........--.....---.- Bell 79 Pleurotoma pleurotomaria.__...... pleurotomaria, Oenopota..... Gt 116} 15 Pleurotoma]] 2 3 Pleurotomina.___._.. il, 3 Pleurotomoides....- Dwes 114,94 Pliocercus..__..--...--- Hed) 119 aequalis 123, 124 bicolor... 123, 124 dimidiatus..... 123, 124 elapoides........ 119, 123 ACCUAl Swe meee 122 diastemus... _..-120, 121; 124 elapoides.................. 119, 120, 121 OMB Moe: laticollaris —___......._ 120, 122) 124 euryzonus.......... a 119, 124 Plotosus __........ 15, 16 anguillaris 15, 16 ENROL 16 lineatus 15 Oat Se oa 44, 2 SPM EDs ee N polysticta, Leptodeira annulata 115, 116, a7 pompata, Calocitta formosa... 172 Presnall, C. C. Vanishing spe- Cle Ss AEE AEN Senos ANS. x Propebela...._... Ny: yh exquisita___ Uy e+, 1183 CUTTICula eee Go 33 Pselliodes colombiana. Be 1388 nigrovittata_..._..__... ote 138 Psidium cattleianum... 9 1sO) ucidium....__.. 180 cattleyanum._.... 179 coriaceum.. 180 coriaceum..____... 179, 180 grandifolium. 179 longipes._...__.__ 180 obovatum... 179 humile_.... 179, 180 littorale______ 179, 180 longipes.. 180 lucidium.. 180 variabile._........ 179, 180 Pterocarpus.._..... ats 177 purgans, Bromus............. No 45 pusillus, Rhysodesmus...............- 65 R rabiosa, Festuca confinis... 45 Fn OA salicaria 45 Hesperochloa kingii__ 45 rackhami, Xenosaurus._..... 47, 217 Rallus longirostris...._..... 208, 204 crassirostris.. 205 longirostris__. 203, 205 pallidus... 203, 205 pelodramus 203 phelpsi___ 203, 205 palliduss eam 203 ramosius, Thelesperma. 20 rava, Clathurella._.____ 4 Clavatula__... 4 rex, Begonia._.. 31 TRJowpoytohords 50 albicollis albicoll an 49 nigritinctus________.____._____. 49 rhoadsi, Clethrionomys gapperi 162, 163 Ry sic ae a ater 138 Mud ae Ee 138 Rhysodesmus arcuatus................ 64 brachus__._-.___..._-..-... 63, 66 euscul ptus. 64, 65, 66 knighti___ 65, leonensis 64, 65, 66 pusillus......._. es. 65 Ribautia vivas-berthieri__...._______ 137, 141 Roberts, P. H. Wildlife rela- tionships in the shelter belt x robinsoniana, Brickellia. 17 robusta, Fimbriella_________. 187 rosea, Vinea SLAC Sid Ses ALL a ae 31 rostralis, Eleutherodactylus 197, 198, 199 Buta Bel ae Sun si eV Ue eeereuine 2 ruficollaris, Microdipodops pal- TOUS eet UALS a ee ERR 59, 60 rufithorax, Phyllophaga.. : 29 MUce lie am tar Ope enema 31 Ss sabulonis, Microdipodops mega- Cephaluse Sac ui iia yas 59, 60 salmonis, Corophium___..._.... 185 Salpinctes obsoletus costaricen- SES Po Se AE ee ea 172, 173 fasciatus.. 172; 173 guttatus__. 172, 173 neglectus. 41 notius 41, 42 obsoletus._.. Ss 41, 42 sollicitus___..........2..222.. 40, 41 saltator, Eleutherodactylus.___... 89, 91, 93 SACO ait Us eee eee eee 57 Saylor, L. W. Descriptions of new beetles of the genus Phyl- lophaga from neotropical re- PONS 2c WALL, SOA a 25 A new Mexican scarab bee tle: ties Sah eres eee ae 67 scalopsoides, Pitymys pinetorum 201 Scaphorhynchus mexicanus....__.. 35 Scheffer, V. B. Notice of the 16th Wild Life Conference... x The 1940 biological in- vestigations. Pribilof Island, BS Kae VEL we DAS wiel x schlegeli, Arremon___. 133, 134 schlerclixs iia 133, 135 schmidti, Pitymys pinetorum.... 201, 202 Schmitt, W. L. Biological in- vestigations on the Alaska Reninsulaiis casi x Schulz, L. P. Collecting natur- al history specimens in the Phoenix and Samoan Islands seductus, Otus vinaceus....156, 157, 158, 159 selloiana, Hohenbergia.._............. 195 semplei, Otus asio.__.......154, 155, 158, 159 septangularis, Bela... 2 septentrionalis, Leptodeira an- nulata 115, 116, 117 sequoiensis, Peromyscus truei..... 129, 130 sericea, Cimnyris_.__..._....--...--.-.- 52 setosus, Sorex obscurus._.._......... 97, 99 Shoemaker, Clarence R. A new genus and a new species of amphipoda from the Pacific coast of North America... 183 On the names of certain California amphipods._........... 187 Siaphosi2e eee SUL alee 193 Sequaligw eh anos 193 Silurus anguillaris... 16 2.73) mae 15, 16 Clariagtv tia Cee ees 16 lineatusi ie leah Nee een 15 TAY S EUS ae SS eae 16 yuan Sy MEY Se 187 Index. simplicifolium, Thelesperma...... 21 simus, Hypopachus......... 125, 126, 127, 128 sinaloensis, Otus_......-.......... 151, 152, 153 : 157, 158, 159 Siva cyanouroptera wingatei__.. 50 yaoshanilea. 22 50 slevini, Lygosoma____..... 193 Smith, C. N. Relation of ticks to mammals on Martha's Vineyard. ___.. Boer ert Bes ix Smith Hobart M. A new name for the Mexican snakes of the genus Dendrophidion...._.____. 73 A new Leptodeira from 1) COAT ee CE EERIE SS 115 On the Mexican snakes of the genus Pliocercus._____.. 119 Anew race of Lygosoma from Mexico: 5. et 181 Smith, Hugh M. The proper specific name for the oriental catfish usually called Plotosus anguillaris (Bloch)... 15 smithi, Bolitoglossa_________. 83 sodalis, Vermivora papenilices 37, 38, aes sollicitus, ‘Salpinctes ‘obsoletus. 40, vt C1 Ty 2) Sancta Di SS Se Ris eee eae Et 95, 97 cinereus... 96, 97 streatori 97 obscurus....96, 97, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103 calvertensis._................ 103, 104, 105 insularis_._._ = _ ate SMe 107 longicauda.................... 7, 98, 99 100, 101, 102, 103, ios 105, 107 obscurus ee eee 99, 100 setosus.____. i 97, 99 palustris... 96 navigator... 99 sortilegus, Otus asio..... , 156, 158, 159 spatulatus, Eleutherodactylus.... 199, 200 sperata, Cinnyris sperata_.__.... 52, 53 spinosa, Dulichiella 187 Steiner, G. Nematodes para- sitic on and associated with roots of marigolds (Tagetes Invbrids) sce Se 31 Stejneger, L. The work of Dr. Stiles on the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature......................... ix stellaris, Cistothorus platensis.. 40 stelleriana, Artemisia.. es 31 stim psoni, Corophium___ et 184 streatori, Sorex cinereus... 97 Stuart, L. C. A new species of Xenosaurus from Guatemala 47 Another new Hypopa- chus from Guatemala... i 125 Two new species of Eleutherodactylus from Gua- temala_..... ms 197 stuarti, Lygosoma ‘cherriei___... 181, 182 subae juigluma, Bracteola.......... 44 Prag ese 44 Chrysochloa.....................-.... 44 sulcus, Caliniphargus tea xe 187 superciliosa, Vermivora.. 37, 38 suttoni, Otus asio 152, 154, ‘155 5, 156, 158, ve suturalis, Deafrancias Swallen, Jason R. New species, names, and combinations of Cig SR Eas eR ee a 43 doe hophiis cep eile es 89 omiltemanus.. 91 lt Taeniolinum.__.... 139, 140 tagetae, Aphelenchoides._____.. 34 Wageter 2a ts 31, 33, 34 Matas eee SS 31 Tanophilus._.. 2 140 PAPI AC RA es oe 35 tardiusculus, Megarhynchus pi- emits es ee 35, 36, 37 Taylor, Edward H. A new Plethodont salamander from New Merioo 2322) een 77 Two new species of Mexican Plethodontid sala- mandersst 8 ot ee 81 Some Mexican frogs...... 87 taylori, Leptodeira aitninta? -115, 116, 117 temascalis, Phyllophaga.....____. 26 tenuicornis, Eurystheus..... 1s 187 tersa, Canetoma__............. “4,41; 13 Thalthybius.__.......... 140 Thelesperma ramosius. = 20 simplicifolium 21 Thone, Frank. Exhibition of new books on biological sub- jecla2 2222 ee ee ix, X, Xi, xii tinnulus, Cistothorus platensis_ 40 Titanophilus oh oe a 139 tobagensis, Cyanerpes cyaneus.. 209 tomlini, Otus guatemalae._____. 158 Torenia fournieri—............. bis 31 Toxostoma......_....... 149, 216 cuxrvirosire: => ae 211, 212 celsum.._..... 212, 213, 214, 215, 216 curvirostre.__.....212, 213, 214, 216 deflexum............213, 214, 215, 216 maculatum........211, 212, 213, 215 oberholseri-_............. 211, 212, 213 214, 215, 216 occidentale... 211, 212, 213 214, 215, 216 palmeri.__... 212, 213, 215 dorsale dorsale.....-... 149 umosum._ 149, 216 trinitatis.. 149 vetula........... 2 214 SLT OIORLONY fo ee 138 Trichopicus cactorum cactorum 23 i EES es oe 23 trichopsis, Otus... 152 tricinectus, Liophis...... FS 119 tridentata, Artemisia... 57 trinitatis, Toxostoma dorsale.... 149 trochanter, Listrochelus............ 26 Trochilus curvipennis..... Le 207 Troglodytes latifasciatus......... 42 truel, Peromyscus..__..._... 129, 130, 131 [ah 1 Rare Aico 131, 132 Tordis denexsum se 212, 214 turricula, Murex.. A 4 Propebela... “ 7, 18 Durr itonrn So ae se 7 U uintaensis, Clethrionomys gap- peri ee ors 161, 162 uncinata, Acanthogrubia... 188 Paragrubia... Lae e 188 unguidentis, Bolitoglossa... Spee 83 Urotheca elapoides.....0 0. 119 to ee ee 165 ornata chiricahuae. san 1665, 167 linéarine 165, 167 Vv vallecolens, Ankylophallus......... 137, 142 van Rossem, A. J. Three new races of birds from Central Arnericie = oe : 171 228 Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. variabile, Psidium.............2......-.- 179, 180 variabilis, Defrancia._. aa 2 variegata, Aurea......... aa 31 Venustoma....._..-.-- 6 harucoa.... 6, 11, 13 Verbena.......-.--- oe luminosa: 0) es 31 vermiculatus, Otus guatemalae 158, 159 Vermivora superciliosa.............-.- 37, 38 mexicana...._.... ..37, 38, 39, 217 palliatatics ee ee 37, 38, 217 sodalis._______.....___.....37, 38, 39, 217 verschaffeltii, Coleus blumei...... aul vertebratus, Pararachistes.___.__. 63 vetula, Toxostoma......--.....-.--.-.-- 214 Viguiera ciliata_.....- sh 20 hispida.......... a 20 mucronata... c 20 Phen ax 19, 20 vinaceous, Otus.._............. 151, 152, 153, 154 155, 157, 158, 159 DSI Mid eee aa UP a 151 vinaceus, Megascops.. 152 Otus vinaceus...... 156, 157, 158 Vinea rosea..........-..--------- vinitor, Dendrophidion_. 74, 75, 76 virginica, Acalypha... 31 virginis, Perognathus longi- TLS EMITS si eerie elas Ns 55, 56 viridula, Defrancia.. ase Oenopota...__..... Wi 3 viscosa, Browallia__._.._.. mus 31 vivas-berthieri, Ribautia... gee AB WEN volutator, Corophium.__...._......... 185 WwW Wade, J.S. Exhibition of new PANS books on biological subjects..ix, x, x1, X11 x x Walker, E. P. Perognathus SN DACLACHS ees Ea oe xe Round-table discus- ~S sion of recent field trips............ xi * Round-table discussion - of recent important events in biological research_.._..._......... xl Notices of recent pub- lications.20 5 21a ta eae xii Weiner, Murray Little Amer- a Gf YA at ERS A Pee SAIC NG xii Wetmore, A. Round-table dis- cussion of recent field trips... xi New forms of birds from Mexico and Colombia...___.....- 203 wingatei, Siva cyanouroptera.... 50 Wright, W. H. Dr. Charles W. Stiles’ achievements in the field of public health... ix x xantusi, Otus asio.__.........-....- 152, 158, 159 Menosaurus: 22 ee eae 47 grandis... ue 47, 217 rackhami......- 2. 47, 48, 217 xucanebi, Eleutherodactylus...... 199 AY; yaoshanica, Siva cyanouroptera 50 Young, E. B. Professional per- sonnel in the federal govern- MLO Mb iiscu sR Ss ie eee ee batt Z Zimmer, John T. A new sub- species of Arremon schlegeli.. 133 zonale, Pelargonium._......._.._..... 31 " SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES i, __ 3 9088 01205 1843